cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adjustments by the Charwell River, New Zealand, to uplift and climatic changes

Major climatic changes and rapid local and regional tectonic movements were common in New Zealand during the late Quaternary and caused a diversity of adjustments in the drainage-basin and piedmont reaches of the Charwell River, which are separated by the Hope Fault. The onset of semi-arid, frigid climates during the latest Pleistocene probably greatly increased hillslope sediment yields in a periglacial environment, and the piedmont reach aggraded as much as 42 m on top of a broad strath. With the return of humid, mesic climates in the Holocene sediment yields decreased as dense forests again mantled the slopes, and the piedmont reach degraded as mush as 81 m. Dating of eleven cut-and-strath terraces by radiocarbon-calibrated weathering rind measurements on greyawake cobbles shows the degradation rates varied greatly during the last 14 ka (1 ka = 1000 yr). Initial degradation rates of < 4 m ka−1 increased to 30 m ka −1 by 6 ka ago during a mid-Holocene climatic optimum. Since 4 ka ago degradation rates have been only 1.2 m ka−1, comparable to uplift rates in the piedmont reach inferred from marine-terrace studies, and the river is again cutting a broad strath. Each broad strath represents equilibrium conditions attained by this powerful stream during interglacial times despite episodes of being overwhelmed by climatically induced sediment-yield increases during full-glacial climates and having to maintain a long-term degradation rate equal to the uplift rate. The 75–81 m of degradation since formation of the latest Pleistocene fill-terrace tread is the sum of the amount of late Pleistocene valley-floor aggradation and the amount of regional uplift that occurred between the estimated times of major strath formation at about 30 and 0 ka. The 39 m of tectonically induced degradation below the pre-aggradation strath is sufficiently large that post-30 ka uplift may have doubled Holocene degradation rates. Each of the eleven degradation terraces represents pauses of a few centuries in Holocene downcutting. Brief equilibrium conditions were attained by streambed armoring and concurrent growth of riparian plants; both processes progressively increased hydraulic roughness and the shear stresses needed to entrain streambed materials. Occasional floods, possibly from rare cyclones derived from tropical moisture sources, destroyed streambed armor and channel downcutting was renewed. Thus the formation of eleven equilibrium terraces can be accounted for without postulating additional tectonic perturbations or secular climatic changes.
ENDOR of perylene radicals adsorbed on alumina and silica-alumina powders. II: The matrix effects

Abstract Nuclei in the environment (matrix) of perylene cation radicals formed on activated alumina and silica-alumina powders exposed to solutions of perylene in benzene solvent were probed with electron nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy. Both normal and fully deuterated perylene and benzene were studied. Depending on the nature of the sample and experimental conditions, signals were detected from protons, deuterons, and aluminum-27 in the environment of the radical. A strong proton matrix signal was observed in spectra of alumina-adsorbed radicals in all preparations, indicating the presence of protons on the surface. In contrast, spectra of radicals adsorbed on silica-alumina exhibited much weaker proton matrix signals under all conditions. A deuterium matrix signal was observed with both alumina and silica-alumina surfaces (although weakly on the latter) when deuterated solvent was present. Aluminum-27 signals were seen only from samples on the alumina surface. Active site models consistent with the results are discussed. The results suggest that the radicals, although themselves similar, occupy sites of significantly different environment.
Immunomodulatory screening test of corn oil administered orally to female mice: effect of timing of dosing within 24 hours.

The effect of varying the dose-delivery time within a 24h period (12:12 light-dark cycle) on the immunomodulatory properties of corn oil administered by gavage to 120 B6C3F1 female mice was investigated. Mice, housed in six separate boxes equipped with timers to regulate light onset and offset (staggered by 4h increments), were treated for 5 consecutive days by intragastric (ig) administration of 5 mL/kg corn oil. Negative and positive control mice were given sham injections (needle inserted, but no injection). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were injected intraperitoneally (ip) on the fifth day. Three days later, positive control mice were given cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally (80 mg/kg). Four days after SRBC injection, mice were weighed and killed, and spleens and thymuses were removed and weighed. Spleens were brought to single-cell suspensions and tested for an antibody response to the SRBC. Plaque-forming cells (PFCs), as measured per spleen, per 106 viable spleen cells or per 106 total spleen cells...
Indonesian “Solo” (Ngandong) endocranial reconstructions: Some preliminary observations and comparisons with Neandertal and Homo erectus groups

Latex rubber brain endocasts of solo I, V, VI, X, and XI crania were prepared in order to determine accurate volumes by H2O-displacement and morphological description. The new volumes are not markedly different from previous estimates that had been done by mensuration formulae. The mean volume is 1,151 ml. The endocast surfaces, while devoid of gyral and sulcal relief patterns, do show a preponderance of left-occipital-right-frontal petalia patterns, suggesting right-handedness. Metrical observations support the viewpoint that the solo crania are more closely related to earlier Indonesia homo erectus than to Neandertals.
996-10 A Novel Approach to Identifying mRNAs Differentially Expressed Under Hemodynamic Pressure Overload During Sheep Fetal Heart Development

The adaptive response to pressure overload is different in neonatal hearts with congenital lesions than in adult hearts with acquired lesions. In adult hearts this response is characterized by an altered pattern of gene expression. Little is known about the changes in gene expression that occur in neonates. We have used a novel approach to examine these changes in expression of messenger RNAs in an in vivo model of fetal lambs heart after induced acute pressure overload. In ewes (which normally carry twin gestationsl the main pulmonary artery of one fetal lamb was banded in utero for one hour to produce an acute pressure overload on the right ventricle (RV) while the twin underwent a sham operation. Total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed from both the banded and control RV The resulting cDNAs were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction technique using generalized oligonucleotide primers and the products displayed on sequencing gels. Comparative analysis of the differentially expressed cDNA bands from each condition revealed both up-regulation and down-regulation of several cardiac genes in the banded fetal hearts compared with the control lamb hearts. No morphological changes in the cardiac tissues were observed during this same time period. Eighty (300–500bp) differentially expressed cDNAs were identified. Twenty-three of these were analyzed by Northem blot and four were confirmed as being differentially expressed. Two of these were sequenced, identifying the 3’-untranslated regions which had no identifiable homology to the sequences in GENEBANK. This study reports on using an in vivo fetal lamb model to study changes in gene expression induced by hemodynamic pressure overload using a technique that identifies all differentially expressed messages. Conclusion This is the first study to examine alterations in fetal cardiac gene expression to hemodynamic overload in a large mammalian model.
Carcinosarcoma of the skin

A 91-year-old patient with an extraskeletal osteosarcoma (characterized by atypical mesenchymal cells with ossification) of the forehead associated with a basal cell carcinoma is reported. Both osteoid and basal cell carcinoma nests were found embedded in a stroma containing markedly atypical cells. The 2 previously reported carcinosarcomas of the skin are reviewed.
Desire across borders: markets, migration, and marital HIV risk in rural Mexico

This paper presents five concepts that articulate specific processes through which political and economic factors shape sexuality, drawing on ethnographic research on changing notions of marriage, love, and sexuality conducted in migrant-exporting rural Mexico and with Mexican migrants in Atlanta and New York. The first section describes how changing beliefs about love, marriage, sexual intimacy and fidelity constitute a cultural terrain which facilitates 'vaginal marital barebacking' in rural Mexico. The paper details sexual opportunity structures; sexual geographies; the multi-sectoral production of risk (including the ways in which housing, transportation, and other policy sectors together create the 'recreation-deserts' in which many migrants live); sexual projects, and externalities as conceptual tools that articulate how political and economic factors from the meso- to the macro-level shape sexuality.
Unmasking the school re-zoning process: Race and class in a Northern Colorado community

In 2007, the US Supreme Court struck down two student school assignment plans, one in Seattle and the other in Jefferson County, Kentucky, which specifically relied on racial classification. School districts can no longer use race-specific criteria to assign students to schools. Accordingly, school districts will have to use alternative methods to diversify their schools. Justice Anthony Kennedy, however, endorsed “race conscious” mechanisms that allow school districts to devise student attendance zones that encompass racially segregated neighborhoods, the building of new schools in mixed neighborhoods and the development of programs in order to integrate schools. We present a case study of a school district in northern Colorado that redrew its attendance zones because it constructed a new middle school in an affluent White neighborhood. We argue that school districts that seek to implement such plans will most likely be challenged, even where physical distance to schools does not present hardships for parents, and where minority and poverty rates are low enough to carry out such goals. School authorities need to be cognizant of the limits and possibilities of race-conscious economic integration plans, and mindful of their potential adverse effects.
Malfunction of a Biventricular Pacing Device

A patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and recurrent admissions for heart failure presented 3 days after implantation of a biventricular pacemaker to the emergency department. Due to significant bradycardia, he was initially diagnosed with pacemaker malfunction. Subsequent interrogation of the device revealed a normally functioning biventricular pacemaker. After treating his underlying medical problems, the electrocardiogram returned to baseline.
A cross-sectional study of recovery training and staff attitudes in four community mental health centers.

OBJECTIVE Recovery has become a concept often incorporated in mental health staff trainings. However, little research has investigated the influence of training on recovery attitudes. The current study examined whether recovery-related trainings in community mental health centers is associated with differences in staff attitudes and reported organizational practices. METHODS A total of 318 staff members at four community mental health centers completed questionnaires about their recovery attitudes and trainings they had received in the past year. RESULTS Compared to staff who had no recovery-related training in the past year, staff who had at least one recovery-related training reported significantly higher consumer optimism and a greater agency recovery orientation towards consumers' life goals. The number of recovery-related trainings was significantly correlated with scores on personal optimism, consumer optimism, and agency recovery orientation towards consumers' life goals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings suggest recovery training is positively related to staff recovery attitudes and agency practices. Community mental health centers may benefit from a systematic approach to recovery training. Further research is needed to determine directionality of these relationships and to parse the mechanisms of action.
Progress on Tm-doped Fiber Lasers

We will present recent efforts in the Laser Plasma Laboratory to develop 100 W polarized, narrow linewidth, quasi diffraction-limited CW Tm:fiber “light engines” for spectral beam combining and propagation experiments at 2030-2050 nm.
The CD4+ T cell immunodominant Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 stimulates γδ T cell clones that express unique T cell receptors

Major surface protein 2 (MSP2) of the bovine rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale is an abundant, serologically immunodominant outer membrane protein. Immunodominance partially results from numerous CD4+ T cell epitopes in highly conserved amino and carboxy regions and the central hypervariable region of MSP2. However, in long-term cultures of lymphocytes stimulated with A. marginale, workshop cluster 1 (WC1)+ gammadelta T cells and CD4+ alphabeta T cells proliferated, leading to a predominance of gammadelta T cells. As gammadelta T cells proliferate in A. marginale-stimulated lymphocyte cultures, this study hypothesized that gammadelta T cells respond to the abundant, immunodominant MSP2. To test this hypothesis, gammadelta T cell clones were isolated from MSP2 vaccinates and assessed for antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma secretion. Seven WC1+ gammadelta T cell clones responded to A. marginale and MSP2, and three of these proliferated to overlapping peptides from the conserved carboxy region. The gammadelta T cell response was not major histocompatibility complex-restricted, although it required antigen-presenting cells and was blocked by addition of antibody specific for the T cell receptor (TCR). Sequence analysis of TCR-gamma and -delta chains of peripheral blood lymphocytes identified two novel TCR-gamma chain constant (Cgamma) regions. It is important that all seven MSP2-specific gammadelta T cell clones used the same one of these novel Cgamma regions. The TCR complementarity-determining region 3 was less conserved than those of MSP2-specific CD4+ alphabeta T cell clones. Together, these data indicate that WC1+ gammadelta T cells recognize A. marginale MSP2 through the TCR and contribute to the immunodominant response to this protein.
Analysis of pin-loaded holes in composite laminates under combined bearing-bypass and shear loading

Abstract This study investigates the contact stresses in single-fastener mechanical joints in composite laminates with finite boundaries subjected to combined bearing-bypass and shear loading. The bearing stresses and the contact region are determined by imposing the appropriate mixed boundary conditions along the boundary of the hole. No-slip and slip zones of the contact region arising from the presence of friction are obtained as part of the analysis. A boundary collocation method, in conjunction with a complex variable formulation of the solution for anisotropic laminates, is utilized in the analysis.
Applying Enterprise Risk Management on a Fiber Board Manufacturing Industrial Case

The study assesses the enterprise risk management (ERM) process of a fiber board manufacturing company. The objective is to practically demonstrate how a risk framework can be applied to find the key risks affecting the company. An understanding of the fiber board industry is established by reviewing the proxy disclosures of global corporations to see how they foresee the risks to the industry in general. The current state of the ERM process of the company is then evaluated by applying the COSO 2004 risk assessment framework-the company's ERM process are mapped on a maturity model scale, roles and responsibilities of the board of directors and important risk management concepts are discussed and measured in practice. A risk assessment is undertaken with the help of risk gathering techniques to create a risk profile of the major risks affecting the company which are illustrated through heat maps. Finally, benchmarked studies are used to conduct a gap analysis of the risk findings to conclude that the management has to re-address its focus towards HR -employee motivation, working capital mismanagement, sales-production planning inefficiencies and a less likely but high impacting terrorism risk for which the company is currently not prepared. Recommendations for key risk indicators are suggested along with direction for future work.
Effects of Freezing-Induced Cell-Fluid-Matrix Interactions on Cells and Extracellular Matrix of Engineered Tissues

Long-term cryopreservation of functional engineered tissues (ETs) is a key enabling technology for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, a limited understanding of tissue-level biophysical phenomena during freeze/thaw (F/T) and their effects on cells and ECM microstructure poses significant challenges for i) preserving tissue functionality, and ii) controlling highly tissue-type dependent cryopreservation outcomes.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Dermatologic Manifestations as Indicators of Immune Status in HIV/AIDS

To the Editors: As Drs. Levy and Jacobson state, dermatological manifestations among patients with HIV may provide insight into their immune status.1 Herpes zoster, a common problem, may also be a manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).2 According to a study published in 2005, HIV-positive patients were more likely to develop shingles after six months or less of treatment with effective highly active antiretroviral therapy, after restoration of immunity.3 We reported such a case.2 In our patient, when antiretroviral treatment was begun, the patient’s viral load (ultrasensitive) was greater than 500,000 copies/ml (75–500,000 ref. range) and the Absolute T4 count was 11 cells per cmm (ref. range 510–1421). When the patient presented with herpes zoster, his viral load was less than 75 copies per ml and his absolute T4 count was 296 cells per cmm. The presentation of herpes zoster in our patient was a manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which is a result of strengthened immunity.2 Of significance, IRIS may be manifested in several ways. It may lead to worsening progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, recurrence of cryptococcal disease, worsening of retinitis from cytomegalovirus, shingles, and viral hepatitis . This syndrome usually occurs within 2 months after starting HAART but may occur after years. Younger men are at greatest risk. There is no known clear pathogenesis. With IRIS, there may be infectious manifestations or problems arising from worsening auto-immune disease, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis. There can be worsening of malignancies, including Kaposi’s sarcoma. Patients with IRIS may have fever, lymphadenopathy, respiratory insufficiency, abdominal pain, weight loss or obstructive jaundice.2 Work-up may reveal pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusions, or mediastinal lymphadenopathy on chest x-ray. Anti-retroviral therapy should be discontinued in life-threatening situations.2
The chemistry of premixed flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes using supported catalysts

A premixed flame is used to create the reactive environment for carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis using stainless steel mesh supporting Co as catalyst. The CNT relative growth density, morphology, and internal structure are interpreted in terms of the chemical composition of the flame gases. Different flame gas compositions are produced by varying the fuel/air equivalence ratio, . For> 1.62, carbon deposition occurs too rapidly relative to reactive etching of surface carbon by species such as H2, CO2, and H2O. For
The Life Cycle of the Dryline

Abstract The dryline, a narrow non-frontal zone of sharp moisture discontinuity, has long been known as a preferential location of thunderstorm development. Through an examination of several years of data, a conceptual model of the dryline life cycle is developed. The dryline originates along the trailing edge of a continental air mass and is coincident with an old frontal surface. As it moves, it is located on the surface projection of the western edge of the low-level inversion. The dryline is destroyed either by a new cold air outbreak or by becoming too diffuse to be easily recognizable.
Mechanical properties of tough multiscalar microlaminates

Strength and toughness were produced concurrently and optimized in two Mo/W multilayers by using a multi-scale approach which intersperses a tough phase, thick ({approx}1 or {approx}5 {mu}m) layers of one component (Mo), with a strong phase, 29 layer stacks of Mo/W (layer thickness = 4.0 nm). Specimens were sputtered onto 76 mm dia Si wafers, and had overall thicknesses of {approx}51 and {approx}31 {mu}m, respectively. Microstructure and fracture were examined using SEM. Uniaxial tensile and hardness testing were performed to measure strength and toughness; both increased with tough phase thickness. Several models were used to estimate K{sub IC} and fracture strength. Upper bound models showed {approx}2- and {approx}6-fold increases in K{sub IC} and fracture strength, respectively, when tough phase thickness was increased from 1 to 5 {mu}m, while hardness decreased from {approx}430 to {approx}380 kg/mm{sup 2}. The results are discussed in terms of multiscalar design concepts.
Prednisolone and methylprednisolone kinetics in children receiving anticonvulsant therapy

Prednisolone and methylprednisolone pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in asthmatic children receiving concomitant anticonvulsant therapy. On separate study days, 15 children receiving either phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, or combination anticonvulsant therapy were administered an intravenous dose of prednisolone or methylprednisolone and compared with a pediatric population not receiving anticonvulsant therapy. Plasma clearance of prednisolone in subjects receiving phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin and in control subjects was 302.7 +/- 74.6, 383.2 +/- 53.8, 378.9 +/- 50.7, and 214.0 +/- 28.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 (mean +/- 1 SD), whereas plasma clearance of methylprednisolone was 1179.1 +/- 519.4, 1687.0 +/- 109.9, 2209.5 +/- 473.8, and 381.7 +/- 98.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Bioavailability of prednisolone after the oral administration of prednisone and methylprednisolone ranged from 86% to 104% during anticonvulsant therapy. Three individuals reevaluated 13 to 20 days after discontinuing anticonvulsant therapy demonstrated pharmacokinetic parameters similar to those of the control group. Limited studies performed in patients receiving combination anticonvulsant therapy did not demonstrate an additive effect on prednisolone elimination. Differences in the degree of enhancement of prednisolone and methylprednisolone disposition in all three anticonvulsant study groups suggest that different metabolic pathways may be involved.
Host focal adhesion protein domains that bind to the translocated intimin receptor (Tir) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) attach to the plasma membrane of infected host cells and induce diarrhea in a variety of farm animals as well in humans. These bacteria inject a three-domain protein receptor, Tir (translocated intimin receptor), that is subsequently inserted into the plasma membrane. EPEC induce the host cell to form membrane-covered actin-rich columns called pedestals. Focal adhesion constituents, alpha-actinin, talin, and vinculin, are localized along the length of the pedestals and we have previously reported they bind the two cytoplasmic domains of Tir, (Tir I and Tir III) [Freeman et al., 2000: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 47:307–318]. In the present study, various constructs were made expressing different regions of these three focal adhesion proteins to determine which domains of the proteins bound Tir I. Three different assays were used to detect Tir I/host protein domain interactions. In co-precipitation assays, His-Tir I bound to the 27-kDa region of alpha-actinin; to four different domains of talin; and to the N-terminal domain of the vinculin head and the vinculin tail domain. A yeast two-hybrid analysis of Tir I and the various focal adhesion fusion proteins revealed a region near the C-terminus of talin was the only domain to interact with Tir I. Finally, to assess direct binding interactions, biotinylated Tir I was used in overlay assays and confirmed the binding of Tir I with the 27-kDa region of alpha-actinin, the four regions of talin, and the vinculin tail. These binding interactions between hostfocal adhesion proteins and EPEC Tir may facilitate the adhesion of EPEC to the host cell surface. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:255–265, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sequential Estimation of Machinability Parameters for Adaptive Optimization of Machinability Data Base Systems

Mathematical model type machinability data base systems require suitable model building procedures to estimate the model parameters. The estimation procedure should be capable of using subjective prior information about the models and must also be capable of adapting the model parameters to the particular machining environment for which the data are needed. In this paper, the sequential Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation procedure is proposed as the mathematical tool for performing these functions. Mathematical details of this estimation procedure are presented. The advantages of this method over conventional regression analysis are discussed based on the analysis of an experimental tool life data set. Details regarding the selection of the various initial values needed for starting the sequential procedure are presented. The use of prior information about the models in order to improve the parameter estimates is investigated. The adaptive capability of the procedure is analyzed using simulated tool life data. The results of this analysis indicate that the proposed sequential estimation procedure is a valuable tool for estimating machinability parameters and for the adaptive optimization of machinability data base systems.
Species-Specificity of rRNA Gene Transcription in Plants Manifested as a Switch in RNA Polymerase Specificity

Rapid evolution of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene promoters often prevents their recognition in a foreign species. Unlike animal systems, we show that foreign plant rRNA gene promoters are recognized in an alien species, but tend to program transcription by a different polymerase. In plants, RNA polymerase I transcripts initiate at a TATATA element (+1 is underlined) important for promoter strength and start-site selection. However, transcripts initiate from +32 following transfection of a tomato promoter into Arabidopsis. The rRNA gene promoter of a more closely related species, Brassica oleracea, programs both +1 and +29 transcription. A point mutation at +2 improving the identity between the Brassica and Arabidopsis promoters increases +1 transcription, indicating a role for the initiator element in species-specificity. Brassica +29 transcripts can be translated to express a luciferase reporter gene, implicating RNA polymerase II. TATA mutations that disrupt TATA-binding protein (TBP) interactions inhibit +29 transcription and luciferase expression. Co-expressed TBP proteins bearing compensatory mutations restore +29 transcription and luciferase activity, suggesting a direct TBP-TATA interaction. Importantly, +1 transcription is unaffected by the TATA mutations, suggesting that in the context of pol I recognition, the TATA-containing initiator element serves a function other than TBP binding.
The given/new distinction and the analysis of the Japanese particles —WA and —GA

Abstract Japanese particles —WA and —GA have often been identified as markers for given and new information. By examining sentences that contain —GA from the perspective of discourse context, it is shown that to equate the uses of Japanese particles —WA and —GA to indicators of given and new information is incorrect. It is argued that the function of the NP—GA, when it marks given information, is to provide subordinate information that may be interpreted in relation to the thematic flow of the narrative discourse. The suggestion is made that this thematic flow is signalled by NP—WA's, —WA serving to create a theme by identifying the NP's that are to remain on the thematic stage. We have termed this effect “staging.”;
Recent advances in fiber parametric device design and processing applications

Distributed nature of fiber parametric device poses fundamental challenge as it leads to unphysical fabrication requirements and is chief obstacle on a path to practical parametric engineering. We describe the new localized four-photon mixing technique for exact dispersion fluctuation mapping to overcome this basic limit.
Mössbauer study of aerogel-synthesized Ge-Fe-oxide with TN near 260 K

Abstract Fine powders with nominal composition of GeFe2Ox were synthesized by the aerogel method. The highly heterogeneous material comprises of small crystallites, not larger than 3 nm, in a mixture of amorphous matrix. Nevertheless, Mossbauer spectroscopy indicates that the Fe ions in many different environments in the calcined product undergo simultaneously an antiferromagnetic transition near 265 K.
Physical rig for first-person, look-at cameras in video games

This paper proposes a physics based model to simulate a reactive camera that is capable of both high-quality tracking of moving target objects and producing plausible response interactively to a variety of game scenarios. The virtual physical rig consists of a motorized pan-tilt head that is controlled to meet desired target look-at directions as well as an active suspension system that stabilizes the camera assembly against disturbances. To showcase its differences with other camera systems, we contrast our physically based technique with other direct (kinematic) computed methods from industry standard techniques.
The Convolutions of Historical Politics

Postcommunist states have more experience than most in navigating the difficult waters of the Acheron and Lethe. History among these polities often represents less a rearward glance than a lived re...
Cryogenic failure mechanisms of fiber-epoxy composites for energy applications

Fiber-reinforced composites used in the production, storage, and transport of energy are often exposed to extreme environments such as cryogenic temperatures and/or nuclear radiation. The fraction resistance of composites subjected to these conditions are of fundamental interest. A study was undertaken to examine the effects of Gammaradiation on the structure and properties of fibers, matrix and their interfacial bonding in terms of their influence on composite failure mechanisms. Also thermomechanical analysis was conducted to estimate the residual thermal stresses due to differential thermal expansion coefficients both between fiber and matrix and between two laminae. Results indicate that the impact energy of a composite laminate could be increased by 100 percent by immersing the specimen in liquid nitrogen for only five min. Samples impact-tested at cryogenic temperatures were found to possess a great degree of delamination and crack bifurcation. Thermomechanical analysis and SEM investigation both reveal that microcracking and small-scale delamination are promoted by differential thermal contraction. Such effects could be responsible for the observed crack branching and delamination phenomena during impact loading. Although under certain circumstances the Gammaradiation may yield a small increase in fracture resistance it generally degrades the cohesive strength of the matrix and reduces the interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Results of a mechanical and microscopic analysis are presented and discussed.
Observation of a phase transition at 55 K in single-crystal CaCu 1.7 As 2

We present the structural, magnetic, thermal and $ab$-plane electronic transport properties of single crystals of ${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{1.7}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ grown by the self-flux technique that were investigated by powder x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$, isothermal magnetization $M$, specific heat ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$, and electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ measurements as a function of temperature $T$ and magnetic field $H$. X-ray diffraction analysis of crushed crystals at room temperature confirm the collapsed tetragonal ${\mathrm{ThCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$-type structure with $\ensuremath{\sim}15%$ vacancies on the Cu sites as previously reported, corresponding to the composition ${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{1.7}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$. The $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ data are diamagnetic, anisotropic, and nearly independent of $T$. The $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is larger in the $ab$ plane than along the $c$ axis, as also observed previously for ${\mathrm{SrCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ and for pure and doped BaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$. The ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}(T)$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ data indicate metallic $sp$-band character. In contrast to the $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ and ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}(T)$ data that do not show any evidence for phase transitions below 300 K, the $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ data exhibit a sharp decrease on cooling below a temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{t}}=54$--56 K, depending on the crystal. The $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ data show no hysteresis on warming and cooling through ${T}_{\mathrm{t}}$ and the transition thus appears to be second order. The phase transition may arise from spatial ordering of the vacancies on the Cu sublattice. The ${T}_{\mathrm{t}}$ is found to be independent of $H$ for $H\ensuremath{\le}8$ T. A positive magnetoresistance is observed below ${T}_{\mathrm{t}}$ that increases with decreasing $T$ and attains a value in $H=8.0$ T of 8.7$%$ at $T=1.8$ K.
The absence of adenine methylation increases the ligation efficiency of partially filled staggered DNA ends

colonies, while the addition of the methylated BamHl fragment resulted in 22 transformants. The presence of an equal amount of nonmethylated BamHl fragment stimulated the number of transformants to 335. This 15-fold stimulation of transformatio n frequency is attributed to the absence of the methyl group at the A residues of the BamHl ends, since neither of the BamHl fragments in the absence of vector contributed to the number of transformants. Mini DNA preps were performed on six of the damr and six of the dam+ transformants. Restriction digests demonstrated that all of the damr transformants contained plasmids that acquired the BamHl fragments, while 2 of the 6 damr clones had recombined to form aberrant plasmids. The inhibition of ligation of 2 base overhangs by methyl groups has been reported previously and was found to be the reason that Pvul ends ligate to each other at low frequencies (New England Biolabs 1988-1989 catalog, p. 27). We speculate that ligation of the partially filled cohesive ends created by any restriction enzyme that cuts at dam or dcm sites will be inhibited by the methyl groups. Because many enzymes that can be used for partial fill-in ligations, such as Bell and Bgll, cut at dam methylation sites, we recommend that DNA for these purposes be isolated from dam~ strains.
Characterizing compact unions of two starshaped sets inR d

SetS inR d has propertyK 2 if and only ifS is a finite union ofd-polytopes and for every finite setF in bdryS there exist points c1,c2 (depending onF) such that each point ofF is clearly visible viaS from at least one ci,i = 1,2. The following characterization theorem is established: Let $$S \subseteq R^d$$ , d≠2. SetS is a compact union of two starshaped sets if and only if there is a sequence {S j } converging toS (relative to the Hausdorff metric) such that each setS j satisfies propertyK 2. For $$S \subseteq R^2$$ , the sufficiency of the condition above still holds, although the necessity fails.
The effect of soil moisture on pan evaporation

Abstract Pan evaporation observations are usually higher than potential evaporation computed from meteorological data, especially for drier periods or areas. To interface estimates of potential evaporation made with meteorological data from an increasing number of real-time reporting stations with historical daily pan evaporation measurements, pan evaporation was interpreted as a function of the computed potential evaporation and the plant available moisture in the top soil under maize (Zea mays L.) in the vicinity of the weather station. If the soil is at full moisture holding capacity, the pan evaporation is close to the potential evaporation, but if the surrounding area is dry, the pan evaporation is considerably higher than the potential evaporation computed by the Penman (1948) or Van Bavel (1966) methods. A multiple regression of daily pan evaporation on Penman potential evaporation and available soil moisture in the top 15 cm was associated with about half of the variance in the pan evaporation measurements at the West Lafayette 6NW weather station from 1973 to 1975, when only non-synoptic observations of pan evaporation and the four meteorological variables necessary for computing potential evaporation were available. The relation was tested in 1976, when hourly meteorological data were available. Potential evaporation and soil moisture were associated with 75% of the variance in the daily pan evaporation data. For each 10% decrease in available soil moisture, pan evaporation was estimated to increase 0.2 mm per day over potential evaporation.
Condensation of zinc vapor in a supersonic carrier gas

A study of the condensation of a metal vapor in an inert carrier gas is made. Superheated zinc vapor is generated in a hot shot wind tunnel in a helium carrier gas and expanded in a converging-diverging nozzle. Static pressure measurements along the length of the nozzle are made to determine the location of the onset of condensation. A conical nominal Mach 5 (helium) nozzle is employed. The amount of supercooling before the onset of condensation is found to be approximately 430 K, measured along the isentrope over a range of initial zinc mass fractions of .35 to .70 for saturation partial pressures of zinc between 10 psia and 70 psia. The measurements are compared with results of an analysis based on the classical liquid drop model of nucleation. The computed results agree reasonably well with the measurements.
Multidimensional computerized adaptive testing in a certification or licensure context

Multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) com puterized adaptive testing, building on recent work by Segall (1996), is applied in a licensing/certification context. An example of a medical licensure test is used to demonstrate situations in which complex, integrated content must be balanced at the total test level for va lidity reasons, but items assigned to reportable subscore categories may be used under a MIRT adaptive paradigm to improve the reliability of the subscores. A heuristic optimization framework is outlined that gen eralizes to both univariate and multivariate statistical objective functions, with additional systems of con straints included to manage the content balancing or other test specifications on adaptively constructed test forms. Simulation results suggested that a multivariate treatment of the problem, although complicating some what the objective function used and the estimation of traits, nonetheless produces advantages from a psycho metric perspective.
Hydroxychloroquine-Associated Hyperpigmentation Mimicking Elder Abuse

Background Hydroxychloroquine may result in cutaneous dyschromia. Older individuals who are the victims of elder abuse can present with bruising and resolving ecchymoses.
Temperature dependence of the Hall effect and resistivity in single crystals of Mo and Nb and of Mo-rich Re, Mo--Nb, and Nb-rich Zr alloys

The Hall coefficients and resistivities of oriented single crystals of pure Mo and Nb and of an extended series of Mo-rich-Re, Mo-Nb, and Nb-rich-Zr alloy crystals were measured as a function of temperature between 295 and 4.2 K. The Hall coefficient $R$ varies with composition roughly as the reciprocal of the density of states at the Fermi level, exhibiting a large peak at about 5.8 outer electrons per atom. Sharp dips occur in $R$ for Mo and Nb between 20 and 40 K, which for the higher-purity Mo crystals are quite sensitive to the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the crystallographic axes. The temperature dependences of $R$ for the alloy crystals suggest that impurity scattering is more anisotropic than phonon scattering in Mo-Nb and Nb-rich Zr but less anisotropic than scattering by phonons in Mo-rich Re. A quantitative measure of the magnitudes of these anisotropies is obtained from a two-band analysis of the Mo-rich sample data using the rigid-band approximation in conjunction with calculated energy surfaces.
Effects of Alcohol and Self-Awareness on Human Physical Aggression

The present study investigated the effect of self-awareness on the aggressive behavior of intoxicated subjects. Forty male undergraudates competed in a reaction-time task in which they could hurt and/or be hurt by their opponent. In the self-aware condition, subjects competed in the presence of a mirror and video camera. In the non-self-aware condition, the mirror and video camera were not present. Intoxicated and nonintoxicated subjects in the self-aware condition were less aggressive than subjects in the non-self-aware condition. This effect was observed on the initial trial and under conditions of increasing provocation. The results were discussed in terms of a cognitive disruption model of alcohol-related aggression.
Thermal enzymes. V. Properties of a malic dehydrogenase.

Abstract Malic dehydrogenase from a thermophilic bacterium oxidizes malate to oxalacetate. Its optimum pH is 7.5–8.2, its Michaelis constant 0.012. The optimum temperature for the enzyme is about 60 °C. An activation energy of 3700 cal./mole has been found for the temperature range 32 to 55 °C. Operation of the Warburg apparatus at temperatures above 50 °C. has been effected by housing the apparatus in a constant temperature air bath.
Effect of Previous Experience on Grazing Patterns and Diet Selection of Brangus Cows in the Chihuahuan Desert

Abstract The ability to adapt to different environments is critical when livestock are moved because of drought or other management considerations. The impact of previous experience on grazing patterns and diet selection of Brangus cows in desert conditions was evaluated. Cows originating from a humid-subtropical environment (Leona, Texas) were brought to the Chihuahuan Desert (naive) and evaluated against cows that spent their life in the Chihuahuan Desert (native) and cows that were born and raised in the Chihuahuan Desert but were moved to Leona, Texas during the preceding 3 yr (tourist). In addition, native cows with recent experience in desert conditions were compared with naive cows and tourist cows that had not been in the Chihuahuan Desert for at least 3 yr. All cows were mature and had similar pedigrees (n = 21). Cows from the three groups were tracked in three extensive pastures (> 1 000 ha) for three 8–10-d periods during winter, early summer, and later summer. Cows never grazed in the experi...
Feeding preference of adult japanese beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) for Asian elm species and their hybrids

Selected elm, Ulmus spp., and their hybrids growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in bioassays for feeding preference by the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. No-choice bioassays revealed that the hybrids U. ‘Morton’-Accolade ( U. japonica x U. wilsoniana ), U. elongata, U. laciniata, U. lamellosa, U. macrocarpa, U. parvifolia, U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard ( U. japonica x U. pumila ) x U. davidiana, and U. Morton Plainsman-Vanguard ( U. japonica x U. pumila ) x U. japonica-wilsoniana-pumila had low ( 68%) amounts of leaf tissue consumed. Rankings for the dried fecal pellet weights, field defoliation survey, and multiple-choice studies were consistent with the no-choice studies for these same elm genotypes. Leaf pubescence on U. glaucescens, U. lamellosa, and U. macrocarpa seems to be a feeding deterrent for the adult beetle as evidenced by low levels of feeding damage (<26%) in the laboratory studies, low dried fecal pellet weights (<24 mg), and field defoliation ratings no to very light feeding (<0.6). The genotypes of U. Morton-Accolade ( U. japonica x U. wilsoniana), U. elongata, U. laciniata, U. lamellosa, U. macrocarpa, U. parvifolia, U. Morton Plainsman-Vanguard ( U. japonica x U. pumila ) x U. davidiana, and U. Morton Plainsman-Vanguard ( U. japonica x U. pumila ) x U. japonica-wilsoniana-pumila show promise for use for future elm breeding programs.
"Car. factor" deficiency revisited.

Extract: Three members of a Virginia family with a bleeding disorder were found to have a serum defect in thromboplastin generation similar to the previously reported “Car. factor” deficiency. Sera from three members of the original Car. family did not correct the defect of affected members of the Virginia family. Partial thromboplastin times of Car. deficient individuals and affected members of the Virginia family were normal. Although correction with normal serum is attained in vitro, the serum defect persisted after infusion of fresh frozen plasma. Platelet function studies of the Virginia family revealed less than 30% aggregation after the addition of exogenous ADP and disaggregation within 2 min. Evaluation of children with Noonan's syndrome, albinism, and “Portsmouth” syndrome showed coexistent platelet aggregation defects and nonspecific serum defects. Speculation: These studies suggest that the Car, factor is nonspecific; the serum defect may result from the interaction of abnormal cellular elements of the blood during clotting of whole blood in glass. This deficiency can be corrected in vitro by the addition of dilute thrombin.
Analysis of organoselenium compounds in human urine using active carbon and chemically modified silica sol-gel surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra of three thermally labile low molecular weight organoselenium compounds (selenomethionine, selenoethionine, trimethylselenonium iodide) in human urine matrix have been obtained by using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). Four active layers, active carbon, silica sol−gel, and silica sol−gel impregnated with crown ether and with active carbon, were deposited on three different support substrates: (i) microscope slide coverslips; (ii) Al foil; and (iii) Cu tapes. Primarily protonated molecular ions and alkali metal adducts were observed in the mass spectra. A mixed-silica sol−gel and active carbon substrate active layer gave the best signal response for all compounds. Sol−gel substrates offered very clean backgrounds compared to the pure active carbon layers; however, the mass spectral signal intensities acquired were substantially lower for the sol−gel surfaces than those of the pure active carbon under the same...
Pressure signals in random linearly elastic rods

Abstract The dynamic response of a linearly elastic rod with material properties which are described by random functions of position along the rod is studied. A general formulation to be satisfied by the ensemble averaged field quantities is derived. This formulation is considered in some detail for those situations in which the magnitude of the random variations is vanishingly small and those in which the length scale on which these variations are observable is small compared to the length scale on which the variations in the averaged field quantities are observable. The infinite rod dispersion spectrum is obtained for the former situation. A dynamic “effective modulus” theory is obtained for the latter situation. The physical implications of the results are discussed.