cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Winter microclimate of goldenrod spherical galls and its effects on the gall inhabitant Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract 1. 1.|The microclimate of spherical galls on goldenrod ( Solidago ) was monitored and the condition of goldenrod gallfly ( Eurosta solidaginis ) larvae also assessed during winter in western New York, U.S.A. 2. 2.|Gall temperature was highly labile and changed more than 20°C on some days. While galls closely followed air temperature at night, they often warmed several °C above air temperature on sunny days. Gall water content was even more labile, falling as low as 10% and rising above 60% of the total mass during the observation period. 3. 3.|Larvae showed little change in their body mass and hemolymph osmolality changed moderately. Evidence of natural freezes was obtained but these did not last more than 2–3 days at a time. Natural hydration of galls caused larvae to move from the central cavity into the exit tunnel and restored the capacity of gall tissues to cause inoculative freezing. 4. 4.|In summary, galls are highly labile environment as that are greatly affected by the prevailing weather, however, Eurosta larvae seem adept at coping with these conditions.
The reliability and validity of qualitative scores for the Controlled Oral Word Association Test.

Abstract The reliability and validity of two qualitative scoring systems for the Controlled Oral Word Association Test [Benton, A. L., Hamsher, de S. K., & Sivan, A. B. (1983). Multilingual aplasia examination (2nd ed.). Iowa City, IA: AJA Associates] were examined in 108 healthy young adults. The scoring systems developed by Troyer et al. [Troyer, A. K., Moscovich, M., & Winocur, G. (1997). Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: Evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology, 11, 138–146] and by Abwender et al. [Abwender, D. A., Swan, J. G., Bowerman, J. T., & Connolly, S. W. (2001a). Qualitative analysis of verbal fluency output: Review and comparison of several scoring methods. Assessment, 8, 323–336] each demonstrated excellent interrater reliability (all indices at or above ricc = .9). Consistent with previous research [e.g., Ross, T. P. (2003). The reliability of cluster and switch scores for the COWAT. Archives of Clinical Psychology, 18, 153–164), test–retest reliability coefficients (N = 53; M interval 44.6 days) for the qualitative scores were modest to poor (ricc = .6 to .4 range). Correlations among COWAT scores, measures of executive functioning, verbal learning, working memory, and vocabulary were examined. The idea that qualitative scores represent distinct executive functions such as cognitive flexibility or strategy utilization was not supported. We offer the interpretation that COWAT performance may require the ability to retrieve words in a non-routine manner while suppressing habitual responses and associated processing interference, presumably due to a spread of activation across semantic or lexical networks. This interpretation, though speculative at present, implies that clustering and switching on the COWAT may not be entirely deliberate, but rather an artifact of a passive (i.e., state-dependent) process. Ideas for future research, most noticeably experimental studies using cognitive methods (e.g., priming), are discussed.
Formation of the regular satellites of giant planets in an extended gaseous nebula I: subnebula model and accretion of satellites

We model the subnebulae of Jupiter and Saturn wherein satellite accretion took place. We expect a giant planet subnebula to be composed of an optically thick (given gaseous opacity) inner region inside of the planet's centrifugal radius (located at r(sub c, sup J) = l5R(sub J) for Jupiter and r(sub c, sup S) = 22R(sub S) for Saturn), and an optically thin, extended outer disk out to a fraction of the planet's Roche lobe, which we choose to be R(sub roche)/5 (located at approximately 150R(sub J) near the inner irregular satellites for Jupiter, and approximately 200R(sub S) near Phoebe for Saturn). This places Titan and Ganymede in the inner disk, Callisto and Iapetus in the outer disk, and Hyperion in the transition region. The inner disk is the leftover of the gas accreted by the protoplanet. The outer disk results from the solar torque on nebula gas flowing into the protoplanet during the time of giant planet gap opening. For the sake of specificity, we use a cosmic mixture 'minimum mass' model to constrain the gas densities of the inner disks of Jupiter and Saturn (and also Uranus). For the total mass of the outer disk we use the simple scaling M(sub disk) = M(sub P)tau(sub gap)/tau(sub acc), where M(sub P) is the mass of the giant planet, tau(sub gap) is the gap opening timescale, and tau(sub acc) is the giant planet accretion time. This gives a total outer disk mass of approximately 100M(sub Callisto) for Jupiter and possibly approximately 200M(sub Iapetus) for Saturn (which contain enough condensables to form Callisto and Iapetus respectively). Our model has Ganymede at a subnebula temperature of approximately 250 K and Titan at approximately 100 K. The outer disks of Jupiter and Saturn have constant temperatures of 130 K and 90 K respectively.
A competitive protein binding method for the measurement of unconjugated and sulfate-conjugated dehydroepiandroster one in peripheral plasma☆

Abstract Dehydroepiandrosterone (D) can be readily measured in plasma by means of competitive protein binding analysis as its derivative, 5-androstenediol (5-Adiol; androst-5-en-3β, 17β-diol). Ether extraction of 1–5 ml plasma and thin layer chromatography are performed as previously described for testosterone and androstenedione with modifications permitting radiochromatogram scanning. The 17β-hydroxyl derivative of D, 5-Adiol, is then formed enzymatically. A glass fiber Chromatographie step separates 5-Adiol from the 17β-hydroxy derivatives of closely related 17-ketosteroids. Assay is then performed using “testosterone binding globulin” and 5-Adiol standards. The method possesses high accuracy, sensitivity, precision and specificity. Application of the method to the measurement of plasma D-sulfate (DS) after solvolysis yields results in agreement with analysis by gas-liquid chromatography and Zimmermann reaction. Less than 0.18% of DS-7a- 3 H contributes to D-7a- 3 H. D and DS values obtained in normal subjects correspond to those obtained by established, more complex methods.
Treatment of Huntington disease with a cholinergic agonist.

The involuntary movements of Huntington disease may be related to cholinergic hypofunction in the striatum. For this reason, the effect of a direct cholinergic agonist, are coline, was studied in six patients with this disorder. Rather than improving the chorea, are coline tended to exacerbate the choreic movements. Arecoline did produce significant alterations of blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature, probably by central cholinergic stimulation.
Laboratory and Growth Chamber Evaluation of Fungicidal Seed Treatments for Maize Seedling Blight Caused by Fusarium Species

ABSTRACT The performance of seed treatment products for maize usually is evaluated in field experiments, where it is difficult to assess their effects on specific important pathogens such as fungi ...
Source prestige and target reactions to threats

A 3 by 2 design was employed to study the effects of source capability and of punishment magnitude on the compliance of target individuals to contingent threats intermittently sent by a simulated source in a modified Prisoner’s Dilemma game. Source capability did not produce the hypothesized increasing direct effect on behavioral compliance, but punishment magnitude did mediate compliance in a direct relationship. Contrary to previous findings, it was found that low punishment magnitude produced greater cooperativeness by Ss on nonmessage trials than did high punishment magnitude. Some interesting effects were found on measures relating communicative behavior to behavioral compliance.
Nonlinear Effects on Wave Groups in Random Seas

Laboratory simulations of extreme random seas reveal that high wave crests occur more frequently than predicted by the Rayleigh distribution. In this paper, a theory is presented to account for nonlinearities in the sea state to second-order resulting in a non-Rayleigh distribution of wave crest and trough amplitudes based on the narrow-band assumption. The resulting probability density function are then used to predict average wave group characteristics through a modification of linear wave envelope theory which accounts, for example, for a significant decrease in the time intervals between successive runs of high crests compared to linear theory. The nonlinear theory is then verified based on a laboratory data set on deep water wave group statistics for severe seas described by Bretschneider and JONSWAP spectra.
Comparison of two error-detection methods in a mail service pharmacy serving health facilities.

Objectives To compare two dispensing error–detection methods in a mail service pharmacy and explore clues to the causes of near errors. Design Descriptive and exploratory study. Setting Mail service pharmacy serving health facilities, April 5–9, 2004. Participants Technicians, pharmacists at a mail service pharmacy; nurses at health facilities served. Intervention Blinded, undisguised observation of prescription orders at a mail service pharmacy by a research pharmacist and student pharmacist. Main outcome measures Prescription dispensing errors detected by pharmacist audit compared with errors reported by nurses at the health facilities served. Results Of the 3,337 prescription orders sampled, 16 (0.48%) contained one or more errors based on the observers' assessment and no errors were reported by nurses for these medications using incident reports. Error types detected by observation were compared with the data from incident reports for the 3 previous years. Extrapolating the findings of the observational study and comparing those data with the incident reports, significant differences were found for total dispensing errors, wrong strength errors, wrong dosage form errors, and wrong label instruction errors. Errors related to wrong drug were not significantly different between the observational and incident-reporting data. In observations of pharmacists at work in the mail-service pharmacy, proximity of look-alike/sound-alike drugs on storage shelves and inadequate lighting were potential causes of near errors. Conclusion Pharmacist assessment of prescription orders detects more dispensing errors than nurse-based incident reports. The study identified clues to the causes of near errors occurring in a mail service pharmacy.
Serum cytokine levels in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: interleukin-2 levels parallel tumor necrosis factor-α levels

Abstract Serum levels of the cytokines interleukin-1α (IL-Iα), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the soluble IL-2 receptor were measured in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis patients (CPMS) and normal, inflammatory, and noninflammatory disease controls. Serum IL-2 levels displayed the most consistent abnormalities in the group of tests for the CPMS group, and were the only cytokine levels to achieve significance in statistical group analyses. However, several patients with CPMS had normal serum IL-2 levels. An incidental finding was a statistical correlation between serum IL-2 and TNF-α levels among all groups tested. This finding was supported on analysis of serial serum samples from CPMS patients. These results suggest a linkage of IL-2 and TNF-α production, especially in pathological conditions.
Heavy atom tunneling in the automerization of pentalene and other antiaromatic systems

Cyclobutadiene is a well-known system that can automerize (i.e. undergo a π bond-shifting) by a heavy atom tunneling mechanism. To understand the rules that allow this process, a theoretical study has been carried out on the contribution of tunneling to the automerization reactions of several other molecules with antiaromatic π systems: pentalene, heptalene, acepentalene, and substituted pentalenes. The calculations find that automerization of molecules such as pentalene, which have planar structures, are most likely to proceed by rapid carbon tunneling from the lowest vibrational state, since such molecules have relatively low activation energy and narrow barriers. However, if a molecule is not planar (thus formally “non-aromatic”) and/or requires large geometry changes in order to reach the automerization transition state, then the tunneling will be strongly hindered. In some cases, such as heptalene and tri-tert-butylpentalene, the rearrangement of the reactant requires a modest amount of thermal energy, which can be followed by the π bond-shifting through a tunneling mechanism (“thermally activated tunneling”).
Art therapy and eating disorders: Integrating feminist poststructuralist perspectives

This research addresses the phenomenon of eating disorders, specifically anorexia and bulimia, among contemporary Western women, with an aim to examine the usefulness of integrating feminist post-structuralist perspectives into art therapy for the understanding and treatment of female clients. Feminist post-structuralists share a sociopolitical view of eating disorders as attempts to reconcile the oppressive contradictory femininity that is embedded in Western gendered mind-body discourse, within which femininity is equated with the devalued body and construed negatively as the "other" of the masculine mind-as-self. Feminist post-structuralists describe the gendered mind-body discourse as pervading popular culture and psycho-medical theories and treatments, which tends to reproduce the contradictory femininity and undermine recovery. This theoretical study is based on reviews of feminist post-structuralist literature related to eating disorders and of literature on feminist art therapy, postmodern art therapy, and art therapy with eating disorders. The study demonstrates that feminist post-structuralist perspectives can increase art therapists' awareness of: the role of sociopolitical context; patriarchal assumptions in theories of human development and in symbolic representation; gender and power issues in treatment; and how visual, metaphorical, concrete, and embodied aspects of working with images can subvert the gendered mind-body discourse and ultimately reconstruct women's femininity.
The OpenAccess coalition - the drive to an open industry standard information model, API, and reference implementation for IC design data

The rapidly increasing complexity of integrated circuit design can only be addressed effectively by a design system architecture that supports very efficient, high-quality sharing of IC design data. Integration of the wide variety of tools required to design and verify the performance and quality of ICs can no longer depend on low-bandwidth file formats. Rather, an application programming interface (API) to a standard information model (IM) that provides access to a shared database is an essential infrastructure component of today's IC design systems. Furthermore, this design data API should be standard across the IC CAD industry so that design systems can efficiently draw from best-of-class applications from all sources in the EDA industry. The tight coupling of all tools through a common IM/API enables rapid design convergence with an earlier emphasis on quality issues, which results in higher quality ICs while meeting aggressive time-to-market demands.
An Exploration of Antecedents and Attributes of Androgynous and Undifferentiated Sex Roles

Summary This study sought to clarify the nature of androgynous (both masculine and feminine) and undifferentiated (neither masculine nor feminine) sex-role outcomes. One inquiry concerned the parent identification patterns most likely associated with androgyny and undifferentiation. Another inquiry considered differences between the masculinity or femininity of androgynous adolescents and these sex-role behaviors as represented in masculine and feminine adolescents, respectively. Similarly, the sex-role differences for masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated adolescents were investigated. The white, middle-class Ss included 142 male and 193 female college students (average age under 19 years). Parent and S sex-role scores, as well as identification scores, were based upon adjective check list self-descriptions and parent descriptions obtained from the Ss. Androgynous males most frequently identified with a nonstereotypic mother combining masculine and, feminine qualities, whereas undifferentiated males ...
The Cytoplasmic Coatomer Protein COPI: A POTENTIAL TRANSLATIONAL REGULATOR *

Abstract Expression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) by the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and HuH-7 in response to intracellular cGMP concentrations was previously shown to be regulated at the translational level (1). Stable transfection of COS-7 cells with deletion constructs encoding the asialoglycoprotein receptor H2b subunit localized the cGMP-responsive cis-acting element to the mRNA 5′-untranslated region. Resolution by anion exchange chromatography of an S-100 isolated from human liver resulted in the partial purification of an RNA-binding protein specific to thiscis-acting element. Northwestern analysis using the 5′-untranslated region as probe indicated that a 140-kDa protein was the potential RNA-binding protein. Sequence of tryptic peptides suggested that the 140-kDa protein was the α-COP subunit of coatomer protein COPI, usually associated with trans-Golgi network membrane traffic. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of α-COP in the Mono-Q fraction as well as that of a second coatomer subunit, β-COP. Antibody induced gel retardation supershift confirmed the identification of the RNA-binding proteins as α- and β-COP. Although the RNA recognition motif appears to reside solely in α-COP, antibody-induced supershift strongly indicated that the entire coatomer complex was the trans-acting factor. Depletion of S-100 with the antibody to β-COP confirmed that the coatomer was the sole protein binding to the ASGR mRNA 5′-untranslated region in liver cytosol and responsible for inhibition of in vitrotranslation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor.
Wafer-scale modeling of pattern effect in oxide chemical mechanical polishing

Dielectric film thickness variation arising from layout pattern dependency remains a major concern in oxide CMP. The severity of the pattern density effect is a function of the die location on the wafer, thus a combined wafer/die pattern dependent polishing model is required to fully assess the effectiveness of the process for a given planarization requirement. In this work, a two stage modeling methodology which accounts for both wafer-scale variation and within-die pattern dependencies, as well as their interaction, is developed. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated over a range of polishing process conditions and consumable choices. We find that the integrated wafer/die CMP model accurately predicts the resulting increase or decrease in die-level pattern dependencies as a function of die position on the wafer.
Occupational exposures during the World Trade Center disaster response

Upon the request of the New York City Department of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) monitored occupational exposures among emergency response workers during the rescue and recovery activities at the World Trade Center disaster site from September 18 through 4 October 2001. During this period, over 1200 bulk and air samples were collected to estimate or characterize workers’ occupational exposures. Samples were collected and analyzed for asbestos, carbon monoxide (CO), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon1 22), diesel exhaust, hydrogen sulfide, inorganic acids, mercury and other metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, respirable particulate not otherwise regulated (PNOR), respirable crystalline silica, total PNOR, and volatile organic compounds. Exposures to most of these potential hazards did not exceed NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits or Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limits. However, on...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy and the puerperium : Causes, courses, and outcomes

Abstract Objective: To describe causes, courses, complications, and outcomes of patients with pregnancy-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods: Twenty-eight women with ARDS during pregnancy or within a week postpartum formed the study population. Eight cases had been reported previously. Charts were abstracted for maternal demographics, etiology, and treatment of acute RDS, and maternal outcomes. For antepartum acute RDS, newborn charts were also reviewed. Results: The incidence of acute RDS, excluding maternal transports, was one per 6277 deliveries or 0.016% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0, 0.027%). Leading causes were infection (12 cases), preeclampsia or eclampsia (seven cases), and aspiration (three cases). Eleven mothers died, a maternal mortality rate of 39.3% (CI 21.5%, 59.4%). Six of eight women who were ventilated for over 14 days survived. Nine of the acute RDS cases might have been preventable. Ten mothers with living fetuses were ventilated during the third trimester; nine delivered within 4 days. Among six infants delivered because of fetal heart rate abnormalities, one died and at least three had evidence of asphyxia. Conclusions: Acute RDS occurs more frequently in pregnancy than the 1.5 cases per 100,000 per year reported for the general population. Prolonged ventilator support is warranted. The high rate of perinatal asphyxia in infants who have fetal heart rate abnormalities supports a strategy of expeditious delivery during the third trimester.
ENDOPHENOTYPE, INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPE, BIOMARKER: DEFINITIONS, CONCEPT COMPARISONS, CLARIFICATIONS

Mark F. Lenzenweger, Ph.D., is currently Distinguished Professor of Psychology in clinical science, cognitive neuroscience, and behavioral neuroscience at the StateUniversity ofNewYork at Binghamton (Binghamton,NY), Adjunct Professor of Psychology in Psychiatry at theWeill Cornell Medical College (New York, NY), and Senior Research Fellow at the Personality Disorders Institute of the New York Presbyterian Hospital (White Plains, NY). He directs the Laboratory of Experimental Psychopathology at SUNY-Binghamton, where he conducts his research in several areas: (a) schizotypy and schizophrenia, (b) neurocognition in borderline personality disorder, and (c) longitudinal research in personality disorders. Dr. Lenzenweger is internationally renowned for his research in schizotypy and has long advocated the view that schizotypic psychopathology is a variant of schizophrenia liability. His 2010 monograph, Schizotypy and schizophrenia: The view from experimental psychopathology, provides an overview of this research within the context of a discussion of psychopathology research methods. He also directs the landmarkNIMH-funded Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders, which was the first prospective multiwave study of personality disorders, personality, and temperament. He began his academic career at Cornell (Ithaca, NY), where he remained for 11 years, before he moved on to Harvard. He is the author of over 100 peer-reviewed scientific articles as well as six edited volumes and one monograph in psychopathology and clinical science. A Fellow in both the Association for Psychological Science and the American Psychopathological Association as well as a NARSAD Distinguished Investigator, he is also a licensed clinical psychologist who continues to see patients in psychotherapy.
Commentary: Advancing research into SES mechansisms that affect health

Readers should appreciate the importance of Smith and Frank’s effort to unpack the micro-level mechanisms that relate socioeconomic status (SES) to health, and link the same to macroeconomic trends.1 Such efforts move us beyond the mere documentation of the SES–health gradient. Much to their credit, Smith and Frank (hereinafter S&F) consider a plausible mechanism, exploit high-quality data, and employ proper analytical techniques. Should it withstand scrutiny, S&F’s work holds enormous implications for social epidemiology and public policy more generally, especially since it complicates the 40year-old ‘returns to schooling’ literature, which has heretofore presumed health monotonically increases with schooling.2
Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132 as a Model for Understanding Bacterial Mercury Methylation

We propose the use of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132 as a model species for understanding the mechanism of microbial Hg methylation. Strain ND132 is an anaerobic dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacterium (DSRB), isolated from estuarine mid-Chesapeake Bay sediments. It was chosen for study because of its exceptionally high rates of Hg methylation in culture and its metabolic similarity to the lost strain D. desulfuricans LS, the only organism for which methylation pathways have been partially defined. Strain ND132 is an incomplete oxidizer of short-chain fatty acids. It is capable of respiratory growth using fumarate as an electron acceptor, supporting growth without sulfide production. We used enriched stable Hg isotopes to show that ND132 simultaneously produces and degrades methylmercury (MeHg) during growth but does not produce elemental Hg. MeHg produced by cells is mainly excreted, and no MeHg is produced in spent medium. Mass balances for Hg and MeHg during the growth of cultures, including the distribution between filterable and particulate phases, illustrate how medium chemistry and growth phase dramatically affect Hg solubility and availability for methylation. The available information on Hg methylation among strains in the genus Desulfovibrio is summarized, and we present methylation rates for several previously untested species. About 50% of Desulfovibrio strains tested to date have the ability to produce MeHg. Importantly, the ability to produce MeHg is constitutive and does not confer Hg resistance. A 16S rRNA-based alignment of the genus Desulfovibrio allows the very preliminary assessment that there may be some evolutionary basis for the ability to produce MeHg within this genus.
Cardiovascular therapy of neurosurgical patients

The causes of postoperative cardiovascular disturbances in neurosurgical patients include direct cardiac neurogenic effects, clinical situations where brain tissue is underperfused, and hyperdynamic states. EKG and echographic abnormalities are common in subarachnoid hemorrhage where cardiac troponin I is the most useful predictor of cardiac risk after SAH. Neurogenic pulmonary edema is short lived and often resolves with resolution of the neurologic problem. In traumatic brain injury, where areas of ischemia co-exist with luxury perfusion, advanced hemodynamic monitoring and prevention of jugular venous desaturation best avoid secondary brain injury and achieve optimal neurologic outcome. Induced hypertension improves blood flow through vessels compromised by cerebral stenting, angioplasty, microcatheters, thrombolysis, carotid clamping, intracranial bypass and cerebral vasospasm. Hyperdynamic lesions include vascular breakthrough after elimination of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, but also emergence hypertension and hyperemia. Pharmacologic agents and adjunctive measures are effective in controlling both the systemic and the cerebral circulation.
Hypertension in burnt children.

Forty-three children admitted to hospital with burns were examined for hypertension, and 24-hour urine specimens were analysed for catecholamines and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy mandelic acid. Sixteen children were found to have hypertension at some stage during their hospital stay. It would appear that catecholamine hypersecretion was not the cause of this hypertension.
Alternative statistical parameter for high-throughput screening assay quality assessment.

High-throughput screening is an essential process in drug discovery. The ability to identify true active compounds depends on the high quality of assays and proper analysis of data. The Z factor, presented by Zhang et al. in 1999, provides an easy and useful summary of assay quality and has been a widely accepted standard. However, as data analysis has undergone much improvement recently, the assessment of assay quality has not evolved in parallel. In this article, the authors study the implications of Z factor values under different conditions and link the Z factor with the power of discovering true active compounds. They discuss the different interpretations of Z factor depending on error distributions and advocate direct analysis of power as assay quality assessment. They also propose that in estimating assay quality parameters, adjustments in data analysis should be taken into account. Studying the power of identifying true “hits” gives a more direct interpretation of assay quality and may provide guidance in assay optimization on some occasions. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2007:229-234)
Long-term cardiopulmonary exercise performance after heart transplantation.

Functional capacity is an important outcome variable for heart transplantation, but there are few data that examine the temporal relation and duration of improvement in cardiopulmonary exercise performance after cardiac transplantation. Cardiopulmonary exercise performance was measured in 140 patients who underwent 426 treadmill exercise tests up to 9 years after cardiac transplantation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to predict postoperative improvement in functional capacity. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2) significantly improved from 14.2 +/- 3.7 ml/min/kg before to 21.4 +/- 5.6 ml/min/kg at a mean of 11.2 +/- 3.0 months after the transplant procedure (p 90% of peak predicted VO2. The improvement seen at 6 months did not significantly change over 9 years of follow-up. Significant preoperative univariate predictors of.1-year postoperative improvement in peak VO2 were preoperative peak VO2 (p = 0.004), age (p < 0.001), ischemic cardiomyopathy (p = 0.007), and preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001). Peak VO2 at 1 year in patients able to perform the test was not significantly influenced by acute rejection episodes, donor body surface area, or donor/recipient size ratio. In conclusion, exercise capacity is significantly improved within 6 months after cardiac transplantation, and maintained as long as 9 years after procedure. The magnitude of postoperative improvement is inversely related to preoperative peak VO2 and age.
The Relationship Between Sex Role Orientation, Self Esteem, and Sex-Typed Occupational Choice of College Women

This study assessed the relationship between sex role orientation, self esteem, and occupational choice. A random sample of one hundred forty-four college women in a feminine-typed occupational field of study and 143 college women in a masculine-typed occupational field of study completed self-report measures to assess sex role orientation (androgynous, masculine, feminine, or undifferentiated) and self-esteem. Comparisons of occupational groups revealed a significantly higher level of self-esteem in the feminine-typed occupational group as opposed to the masculine-typed group. The masculine women in the feminine occupational group and the androgynous women in both groups had significantly higher levels of self-esteem than the masculine women in the masculine occupational group. Implications of findings and future research directions are discussed.
Finding the Causes of Inherited Neuropathies

The genetic causes of inherited neuropathies and their classification are the topics of this review. The large number of disorders as well as cumbersome and even inconsistent nomenclature make this a daunting task. Owing to limited space, I will not elaborate on the clinical features or diagnostic approaches of these disorders, and the primary literature is not referenced; these topics are more fully discussed elsewhere. 1-4 In addition, much information can be found in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (http://www .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=OMIM; the 6-digit OMIM numbers of various disorders are given in the text and in the Table), the Mutation Database of Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies(http://www.molgen.ua.ac.be/CMTMutations),andtheNeuromuscularDiseaseCenterofWashington University (http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular).
Creatures of the State State Politics and Local Government, 1871-1921

Local politics is not self-contained. The authors break with existing scholarship to argue that the study of local politics requires the systematic study of state legislative politics. The state-lo...
Financial Stability and the Role of the Financial Policy Committee

This paper distinguishes institutional from systemic explanations for the cause of financial instability. I argue that financial crises are systemic, and as a consequence, the maintenance of financial stability requires more than simple regulation of existing institutions. The newly created Financial Policy Committee of the Bank of England, should actively manage the asset portfolio of the Treasury, with the aim of stabilizing the price to earning (PE) ratio of a broad stock market index.
Regression for Sentence-Level MT Evaluation with Pseudo References

Many automatic evaluation metrics for machine translation (MT) rely on making comparisons to human translations, a resource that may not always be available. We present a method for developing sentence-level MT evaluation metrics that do not directly rely on human reference translations. Our metrics are developed using regression learning and are based on a set of weaker indicators of fluency and adequacy ( pseudo references). Experimental results suggest that they rival standard reference-based metrics in terms of correlations with human judgments on new test instances.
Aeroelastic time response analysis of thin airfoils by transonic code LTRAN2

Abstract A computer based numerical procedure is used to perform aeroelastic time response analysis of thin airfoils oscillating with single and two d.o.f.'s in two-dimensional, unsteady, low-frequency, small-disturbance, transonic potential flow. A computational transonic code LTRAN2 based on fully implicit time integration scheme is employed to obtain the aerodynamic forces. Structural equations of motion and the aerodynamic equations are integrated simultaneously by a numerical method. Results are first obtained for a time response example for a flat plate oscillating at M ∞ = 0.7 with (1) a single pitching d.o.f.; (2) a single plunging d.o.f.; and (3) two d.o.f.s—plunging and pitching. A parallel set of results are also obtained based on subsonic aerodynamic theory for comparison. The agreement is good. Results are then obtained for a time response example for a NACA 64A006 airfoil pitching and plunging at M ∞ = 0.85 which was found to give the lowest flutter speed for the case considered. The parameters that result in neutrally stable response agree with those found in a separate flutter analysis. It was found through comparison between flutter results and response analysis that the principle of superposition of airloads is valid for the present example cases. The results also include the effect of altitude on aeroelastic response.
'That item is mine!' Consumer competitiveness and need for control: a study of internet auction bidding

This paper presents findings from an interpretive study concerning the social processes involved in the act of bidding on the internet auction site eBay.com. Interpretations of depth interviews provide insights to the dynamic social forum of internet auction sites and their dissimilarity from both traditional retail venues and online stores. Participants' stories suggest how competing and a desire to maintain community norms can create conflict in the form of a struggle for control. Following a grounded theory tradition, emergent themes are integrated with relevant research that involves behavioural, emotional and social structural components. This study contributes to our understanding of unique social psychological aspects of online consumer behaviour. We also discuss implications for marketers and researchers.
Apolipoprotein C-III as a Potential Modulator of the Association Between HDL-Cholesterol and Incident Coronary Heart Disease

Background High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are structurally and metabolically heterogeneous and subclasses with differential effects on coronary heart disease (CHD) might exist. Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, a small proinflammatory protein that resides on the surface of lipoproteins, enhances the atherogenicity of VLDL and LDL particles, but little is known about the role apoC-III on HDL. We investigated whether the presence or absence of apoC-III differentiates HDL into subtypes with nonprotective or protective associations with risk of future CHD. Methods and Results High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured in plasma separated according to apoC-III (by immunoaffinity chromatography) in two prospective case-control studies nested within the Nurses’ Health and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Studies. Baseline was in 1990 and 1994, and 634 incident CHD cases were documented through 10 to 14 years of follow-up. The relative risk of CHD per each standard deviation of total HDL-C was 0.78 (95% confidence intervals, 0.63–0.96). The HDL-C subtypes were differentially associated with risk of CHD, HDL-C without apoC-III inversely and HDL-C with apoC-III directly ( P =0.02 for a difference between the HDL types). The relative risk per standard deviation of HDL-C without apoC-III was 0.66 (0.53 to 0.93) and 1.18 (1.03 to 1.34) for HDL-C with apoC-III. HDL-C with apoC-III comprised ∼13% of the total HDL-C. Adjustment for triglycerides and apoB attenuated the risks; however, the two HDL-C subgroups remained differentially associated with risk of CHD ( P =0.05). Conclusion Separating HDL-C according to apoC-III identified two types of HDL with opposing associations with risk of CHD. The proatherogenic effects of apoC-III, as a component of VLDL and LDL, may extend to HDL. ( J Am Heart Assoc . 2012;1:e000232 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.111.000232.)
Pruritic Skin Eruption on the Left Foot of a 36-Year-Old Woman

among travelers returning from tropical countries [2]. In the United States, most cases are found in the southeastern and central regions [2, 3]. Dogs or cats that carry the hookworms deposit the larvae, which are present in their feces, into the sand or soil, where the larvae can survive for several days. On contact with unprotected skin, the larvae penetrate the epidermis but are contained by the basement membrane. Humans are incidental hosts, and the hookworms cannot complete their life cycle in humans. The infection causes erythematous, pruritic papules. In 5-14 days, the characteristic reddened, intensely pruritic skin eruption is visible along the path of larval migration (figure 1) [2]. Cutaneous larva migrans is usually self-limited, with most cases lasting a few weeks or months. The diagnosis is based on clinical appearance and a history of probable exposure. Eosinophilia is not common but has been noted in some cases of infection. In one series, up to 20% of patients had eosinophilia [4]. Biopsy is not indicated because the migrating parasite is usually not identified. Treatment is not required, but it is usually recommended to manage intense cases of pruritus. Topical (2-3 times per day for 5 days) and oral (25 mg/kg 2 times per day for 2 days) thiabendazole are effective. Successful treatment with albendazole or ivermectin
The WTO Tuna-Dolphin II Case: United States — Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products

The case United States — Measures Concerning the Importation and Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products concerns whether United States “dolphin-safe” labeling requirements comply with the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper analyzes the WTO Appellate Body decision and its systemic importance for the interpretation of the TBT Agreement’s substantive obligations; the types of labeling that fall within the scope of the Agreement; the legitimacy of labeling based on foreign process and production methods (PPMs); and the relation of other international law to WTO law.
Renal Denervation: A Novel Therapy at the Crossroads of Imaging, Intervention, and Innovation

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most significant medical problems affecting society today. The estimated 76 million Americans with hypertension represent a significant public health problem, contributing to cardiac, vascular, renal, and neurovascular morbidity and mortality. HTN is the most common indication for lifelong pharmacologic treatment, mainly because of the incontrovertible reductions in cardiovascular events with blood pressure (BP) reduction and control. However, despite the availability and potency of multiple different antihypertensive drugs, up to half of American patients have BPs above the recommended target. Given the overwhelming evidence of both the cost to society of HTN and the benefits that are accrued from improved BP control, alternatives or adjuncts to current management options have been sought to aid in treatment of these patients. Over the past few years, a device-based approach involving modulation of the autonomic nervous system, termed renal denervation, has evolved to meet this challenge. With early trials showing startlingly good results, with few side effects, multiple devices were fast-tracked to clinical trials and hence to the market. However, larger trials have shone an unfavorable light on the field, with concerns about the short- and long-term effectiveness, diverting attention back to operational and procedural details. Despite this, image-guided manipulation of the sympathetic nervous system to treat HTN remains a fertile area of laboratory and clinical research.
Abstract 3282: Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) enzyme inhibitor, CEP8983, potentiates bendamustine activity in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background: Effective therapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is currently limited; therefore new approaches are warranted. High level of expression of PARP enzyme in SCLC suggests a role for this enzyme in the development of resistance to DNA-damaging agents used for treatment of SCLC. We investigated activity of a PARP inhibitor, CEP8983, in combination with bendamustine in SCLC. Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity of bendamustine alone and in combination with CEP8983 was assessed in SCLC cell lines (DMS114, DMS153, DMS53, H526, H146, H69, H187, H209, and H128). Exponentially growing cells were treated by continuous exposure for 72 h to vehicle, CEP8983, Bendamustine or the combination. Surviving cell fraction and growth inhibition was determined using MTS assay. Western blot assay was performed to assess for PARP inhibition; changes in markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and caspase), DNA damage (gamma-H2AX) under different treatment conditions. Degree of cisplatin sensitivity previously determined for these cell lines were correlated with bendamustine activity and modulation by CEP8983. Results: CEP8983 showed negligible cytotoxicity as a single agent at relevant concentrations. Bendamustine was cytotoxic to SCLC cell lines with clinically achievable micromolar IC50 concentrations (DMS114 - 73.1μM, DMS153 - 66.4μM, DMS53 - 53.7μM, H526 - 16.0μM, H146 - 34.4μM, H69 - 30.9μM, H187 - 16.1μM, H209 - 51.6μM, and H128 - 6.2μM). The combination of bendamustine and CEP8983 produced a 20 to 80% reduction in IC50 concentrations of bendamustine in 8 of 9 cell lines tested. There was no significant correlation between platinum and bendamustine sensitivity in these cell lines (r=0.199, 95%CI: -0.5364, 0.7623; p=0.6085). There was a strong positive correlation between higher platinum sensitivity of cell lines (indicated by low IC50 concentration of cisplatin) and enhanced cytotoxicity of bendamustine by CEP8983 (r= -0.856, 95%CI: -0.9691,-0.4436; p=0.0033). The combination induced increased gamma-H2AX expression in some of the cell lines suggesting increased apoptosis in the presence of CEP8983. In vivo confirmation of this interaction is pending in xenograft model to be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Bendamustine cytotoxicity against SCLC cell lines was potentiated by CEP8983, especially in cell lines that were more sensitive to cisplatin. The data support clinical evaluation of this novel combination in patients with SCLC. Citation Format: Taofeek Kunle Owonikoko, Guojing Zhang, Ping Yue, Suresh Ramalingam, Fadlo R. Khuri, Shi-Yong Sun. Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) enzyme inhibitor, CEP8983, potentiates bendamustine activity in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3282. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3282
Modeling the economic benefits of better TB vaccines.

OBJECTIF : Decrire les benefices economiques d'un vaccin antituberculeux de meilleure qualite en modelisant au travers le monde les couts medicaux de prevention de la tuberculose (TB) ainsi que la perte de productivite. SCHEMA : Le modele est base sur les benefices obtenus par la reduction de l'impact de la TB sur les depenses de sante. Un modele alternatif est base sur la minimisation de l'impact de la TB sur les depenses de sante et la perte de productivite due au deces et a l'incapacite. Les deux modeles sont appliques a diverses populations du monde en se basant sur des donnees secondaires. RESULTATS : En terme de depenses medicales evitees, la prevention a 100% du risque de TB chez un individu donne est estimee valoir entre 38$ chez les hommes dans les pays anterieurement socialistes et 0,23$ pour les enfants en Asie. Plus d'un million de sujets pourraient escompter que leurs economies en matiere medicale depasseraient 25$ s'ils recevaient un vaccin effectif a 75% pendant une duree de 10 ans. La prevention de la perte de productivite vaut substantiellement davantage encore au travers le monde. CONCLUSIONS : Les vaccins antituberculeux ameliores pourraient representer une valeur financiere immediate substantielle pour la plupart des populations du monde, y compris les plus pauvres. Les incertitudes scientifiques entourant le developpement d'un vaccin ameliore pourraient etre un obstacle plus important que les incertitudes des investisseurs au sujet du caractere profitable ou non du vaccin.
Electronic medical records and NDM in U.S. emergency departments: a preliminary analysis

Motivation - Electronic medical records (EMR) have been hailed for their potential benefits. As EMR technology begins to be implemented, this research investigates its impact on emergency medicine. Research approach - 150 hours of naturalistic observations of emergency physicians in two Midwestern hospitals were performed. Findings - Results suggest that for EMR benefits to emerge, results must be easily distributed and located, data entry formats must support both input and later review, formatting must reveal changes over time for quantitative data, and records must support administrative and logistic functions. Research limitations - We cannot quantify the prevalence or cost of the current limitations in EMR. Originality/Value - This research is a first investigation of the impact of EMR systems on NDM in the field. Based on preliminary analyses, implications for (re)design of EMR systems are provided. Take-away message - To support practitioners, EMR systems must be grounded in a better understanding of the basic functions emergency physicians need to satisfy.