cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Art of Hearing: English Preachers and their Audiences, 1590–1640

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Ecclesiastical authorities of the Elizabethan and early Stuart Church of England demanded adherence to the Book of Common Prayer and allowed no deviation from this scripted liturgy. Parishioners heard the same words wherever they worshipped. The only avenue for pastoral virtuosity was the sermon, which many ministers regarded as an optional addition to their duties. Nobody can tell how many sermons were preached year by year in the early modern era, or what proportion of priests were preachers. But sermons survive in bulk in manuscript and in print, and Arnold Hunt seems to have seen most of them. In this effective and persuasive study he elaborates both the theory and practice of preaching, explores the differences between live performance and printed text, and examines the contribution of sermons to social, political, and theological discourse. This is a learned and judicious work, attentive to the ambience and context of ecclesiastical auditories and fully attuned to modern historiography. Its greatest achievement is to resuscitate a scattered trove of manuscript material, including notes and drafts of sermons not yet doctored for the press.Sermons, like plays, employed persuasive language, artful rhetoric, and arresting ideas. Most expounded a verse or passage from Scripture, and applied it in the service of conventionally pious instruction. Relatively few sermons were transgressive, though those considered radical or dangerous have disproportionately attracted the attention of historians. Hunt cleaves close to the mainstream, and is more concerned with routine practice than with notorious exceptions. He shows how ministers matched their preaching to their audience, and how some then revised their words for the very different medium of print. Preaching was a dynamic exercise, the voice in action, designed for religious persuasion. Different styles of address and erudition were appropriate to different audiences--clerical, academic, urban, rural--or at the royal court, county assizes, or Paul's Cross in London. Published sermons that are easy to find and read are almost surely unrepresentative of the vast numbers that were preached.English Protestants argued among themselves about the importance of sermons. Some insisted that the pastor's principal duty was preaching, without which there was no salvation. Others fell back on the homilies, and on routine reading of scripture. Ceremonialists and Laudians by no means avoided preaching, and some were very good at it, but they disagreed with puritans who privileged the spoken word from the pulpit above the printed word of God. Hunt traces this debate from Carter and Whitgift to the eve of the English Civil War, but rather than emphasizing the differences he looks for evidence of compromise and common ground.Most fruitfully, Hunt directs out attention to the audience for sermons, as well as the preacher, and reminds us of the importance of reception as well as production. …
Solder bonding with a buffer layer for MOEMS packaging using induction heating

In this paper, the selective induction heating technology is applied to glass–glass and glass–silicon solder bonding for MOEMS (optical MEMS) packaging. The Ni bumping with a buffer layer is successful to release the thermal stress for avoiding delamination. The Au wetting layer must be thick enough to prevent from being solved entirely into Sn, and it will improve bonding strength. The bonding specimens are soaked into 25°C water and placed into 85°C/85% RH oven, respectively. No moisture penetrates into the cavity after 1 day in both test conditions. In the test condition of 125°C leakage-test liquid (Galden HS260), no bubble is observed. The lowest bonding strength is 3 MPa.
Analgesic effect of opiates in offspring of opiate-treated female rats

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that chronic maternal exposure to narcotics has on the effectiveness of analgesic drugs in the offspring. No exposure related differences were observed in the base level response to the noxious stimuli used. However, offspring of methadone and morphine-treated mothers tended to show decreased response latencies compared to control offspring, in both the hotplate and tail flick test, following the subcutaneous administration of narcotic analgesic drugs. In all groups studied, methadone offspring had significantly reduced latencies while morphine offspring had latencies that were intermediate between the control and methadone-treated groups (in general, control latencies > morphine latencies > methadone latencies). Morphine offspring were significantly different from the controls only in the 120-day-old female group. Treatment-related decreases in the effectiveness of the analgesics in both 25- and 120-day-old offspring suggest that exposure of developing rat pups to narcotics during gestation and early postnatal development is associated with long-lasting alterations in those processes involved with pain perception and/or interpretation.
Complications of frontal sinus fractures.

Frontal sinus fracture represents 5 to 12% of all maxillofacial fractures. Because of the anatomic position of the frontal sinus and the enormous amount of force required to create a fracture in this area, these injuries are often devastating and associated with other trauma. Associated injuries include skull base, intracranial, ophthalmologic, and maxillofacial. Complications should be categorized to address these four areas as well as the skin–soft tissue envelope, muscle, and bone. Other variables that should be examined are age of the patient, gender, mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, method of repair, and associated injuries. Management of frontal sinus fractures is so controversial that the indications, timing, method of repair, and surveillance remain disputable among several surgical specialties. The one universal truth that is agreed upon is that all patients undergoing reconstructive surgery of the frontal sinus have a lifelong risk for delayed complications. It is hoped that when patients do experience the first symptoms of a complication, they seek immediate medical attention and avoid potentially life-threatening situations and the need for crippling or disfiguring surgery. The best way to facilitate this is through long-term follow-up and routine surveillance.
Fluctuations of electron density in the daytime F-region

F region electron density fluctuations observed on quiet summer and winter days, noting electron and ion temperatures and vertical transport velocities
Lateral PIN diodes for silicon-on-insulator monolithic microwave integrated circuits

Abstract Surface-oriented lateral mesa PIN diodes have been fabricated for the purpose of evaluating the feasibility of a silicon-on-insulator technology for microwave applications. For these devices, heavily doped p and n regions are formed from ion-implanted polysilicon diffusion sources which abut opposite sides of an intrinsic rectangular-shaped mesa, and electrical contact to the injecting contacts can be made with low parasitic series resistance. Devices for process evaluation were fabricated using a single-crystal silicon substrate (as opposed to recrystallized silicon-on-insulator films). Both d.c. and 3-GHz electrical characteristics indicate the desired conductivity modulation of the intrinsic region under forward bias. Moreover, the large breakdown voltage which is observed indicates that high peak-power handling capability should be possible.
DETERMINATION OF THE SEM PARAMETERS FOR AN AIRCRAFT MODEL FROM THE TRANSIENT SURFACE CURRENT

ABSTRACT The SEM parameters of a simple swept-wing aircraft model are determined. The technique consists of computing the transient surface current response at a number of locations on the model with various angles of incidence and then fitting each response waveform with a sum, of complex exponentials. The SEM description is derived from the resulting poles and residues.
Kinetics of direct nitridation of pelletized silicon grains in a fluidized bed: experiment, mechanism and modelling

A fluidized-bed nitridation of pelletized silicon grains having a wide size distribution was carried out in the temperature range 1200–1300°C under conditions free of external heat and mass transfer effects. N2(30%–90%)–H2(5%–50%)–Ar (balance) mixtures were used as the nitriding gas at atmospheric pressure. Both the yield of α-Si3N4 and the final overall conversion of silicon are affected by temperature and nitrogen gas concentration in a nitriding atmosphere, but hydrogen gas has a minor effect on either of these. After accounting for some of the structural changes that occur during nitridation, a simple model was derived. The model has shown that the pseudo-asymptotic exponential conversion trend in the second nitridation stage could be explained by various reaction mechanisms, adjusted for properties of the size distribution of silicon grains and the experimentally observed spalling of the product scale from the silicon surface. In the investigated range of experimental conditions, nitridation could be considered as having an apparent activation energy of Eapp≈340 kJ mol-1. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
Effects of high‐normal and low‐normal serum potassium levels on hepatic encephalopathy: Facts, half‐facts or artifacts?

An inverse relation is known to link blood potassium with renal synthesis and the release of ammonia. Given the liability of hyperammonemia for precipitating hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 28 patients affected by stage I HE were equally divided into two groups and maintained up to their death at the highest (5.4–5.5 mEq/l) or the lowest (3.5–3.6 mEq/l) normokalemia levels. When compared with the lowest normokalemia group, the highest one showed an early, albeit transient, improvement in the mental state (as assessed by both EEG and psychiatric investigations) and to a lesser extent in hepatic functions (as assessed by the variations in serum bilirubin, GPT, GGT and plasma prothrombin time). In the highest normokalemia group the survival was also prolonged. The cause of this improvement may be related to the induced decrease in blood pH, the consequent depression of renal ammoniagenesis and the rise in the arterial and urine NH+4/HN3 ratios. These factors reduce the entry of ammonia into the cells and enhance the urinary excretion of this metabolite, respectively.
Therapeutic Advantage of Hypoxic Cells in Tumors: A Theoretical Study

The presence of hypoxic cells in solid tumors has long been considered a problem in cancer treatment, particularly for radiation therapy but also for treatment with some anticancer drugs. Three general strategies are being actively explored to overcome the problem: oxygenating the tumor, sensitizing the hypoxic cells to radiation (or chemotherapy), or killing the hypoxic cells (with a hypoxic cell cytotoxin). In the present study, we have examined the impact of each of these three strategies on a standard radiation therapy regimen (30 doses of 2 Gy), using either of two major assumptions: full reoxygenation or no reoxygenation of the tumor cells. We demonstrate that a hypoxic cell cytotoxin can produce a level of tumor cell killing higher (by several orders of magnitude) than that produced by full oxygenation of a tumor or by use of an optimum hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, provided the cytotoxin kills more than approximately 50% of the hypoxic cells each time it is given. The only assumption that makes a difference is whether reoxygenation occurs: In the worst case (ie, no reoxygenation), the hypoxic cell cytotoxin performs only as well as an optimum radiosensitizer. The analysis shows that hypoxic cells in tumors can be a major therapeutic advantage. Therefore, we recommend that research efforts be concentrated on development of superior hypoxic cell cytotoxins rather than improved hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and that, in parallel, emphasis be placed on development of agents to increase hypoxia.
Electronic substituent effects upon properties of 5-substituted-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes

Abstract The protonation constants of several 5-substituted-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazones, formation constants for their copper complexes, adduct formation constants of these complexes with ethylenediamine, protonation constants of the copper complexes, and half-wave reduction potentials of the copper and corresponding iron complexes have been determined. The electronic effect of substituents has been examined through the calculation of linear free energy correlations utilizing Hammet substituent constants as the independent parameter in the relationships. The effect of substituents upon the pharmacological properties of thiosemicarbazones is reconsidered here. The current results are used to suggest new experiments involving the reaction of 5-substituted-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazonato copper(II) complexes with Ehrlich cells.
Synthesis and Linear Optical Properties of Nanoscopic Gold Particle Pair Structures

Pair particle nanostructures were prepared in porous anodic aluminum oxide films via a modified template synthesis procedure. By varying the interparticle distance of centrosymmetric gold spherical particles (radius ca. 32 nm), the linear UV/visible polarization spectra of the gold particle/porous alumina film composites can be altered. The resulting spectra can be explained qualitatively in terms of particle electromagnetic interactions within an individual pore through simple quasistatic limit scattering models. Modified long wavelength approximation and discrete dipole approximation methods yield similar calculated spectra, and neither approach quantitatively describes the experimental spectra. Discrepancies are interpreted to arise in part from a distribution of interparticle spacings in the experimental system. Rod, rod−pair, and rod−sphere gold nanoparticle structures were also synthesized. Possible evidence for interaction between the two members of the rod−sphere structure is seen in the experimen...
Synchronous navigation of AUVs using WHOI micro-modem 13-bit communications

This paper presents the development and testing of a synchronous one-way travel time (OWTT) navigation system for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Synchronous OWTT navigation is important for multiple vehicle applications as it preserves the range update rate independent of fleet size. The presented approach is based on the use of ranges generated by 13-bit acoustic messages and an a priori temporal communications cycle. The accuracy of the 13-bit acoustic ranges was experimentally compared to independent ground truth measurements. In addition, the presented synchronous OWTT approach was successfully used for real-time navigation of an AUV in field testing. The results show comparable performance to traditional two-way travel time (TWTT) navigation.
Potentially fatal interaction between azithromycin and disopyramide.

A patient on disopyramide developed disopyramide toxicity when treated concurrently with azithromycin. Evidence of toxicity included an elevated serum disopyramide level and ventricular tachycardia requiring cardioversion. The azalide antibiotic presumably inhibited dealkylation of disopyramide to its major metabolite, mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide. Physicians should avoid using azithromycin in patients on disopvramide. If this drug combination is unavoidable, disopyramide levels must be closely monitored.
Within-session practice eliminates age differences in cognitive control

ABSTRACTPrevious research employing short-term practice and long-term training have been successful in reducing cognitive control deficits in the elderly. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of practice within session on a demanding cognitive control task. Nineteen older adults and 16 young adults performed 720 trials of a cued version of the Stroop task, in which an instructional cue is presented before each individually presented Stroop stimulus. Statistical analyses focused on the most difficult color-naming condition in task-switching blocks. Overall, participants showed faster reaction times and decreased errors with practice, particularly on incongruent trials. Older adults showed a greater reduction in errors with practice than young adults. Moreover, older adults, but not young adults, showed a reduction in errors and reaction times with practice on incongruent trials. Findings further suggest that practice reduces age-related differences in cognitive control. Improvements in cognitiv...
A reexamination of SU (6) symmetry breaking in high-energy phenomenology

A permutationally-symmetric form for the nucleon wave function consisting of a linear combination of the56 ground state and the70 excited state is used to reexamine the nucleon structure functions and form factors. This form of wave function reproduces the results of the successful Carlitz-Kaur model, differing only in the addition of a term that is proportional to the square of the mixing coefficient between the56 and the70 states. Values of this mixing coefficient are obtained from the structure functions and from the initial slope of the neutron electric form factor using relativistic wave functions constructed by Henriques, Kellett, and Moorhouse. The signs of these values are in agreement, so that the model avoids the contradiction noted by Le Yaouanc et al. This result is due to the dependence of the neutron electric form factor calculation on the spin wave function and associated matrix elements.
High energy electron beam generation of oxidants for the treatment of benzene and toluene in the presence of radical scavengers

Abstract High energy electron beam irradiation of benzene and toluene in aqueous solution results in their destruction and the formation of highly oxidized reaction byproducts. The product distribution depends upon absorbed dose and pH and results from the reaction of benzene and toluene with the hydroxyl radical (OH.), followed by continued oxidation of intermediate by-products. The dose required to remove 99% (D0.99) of the benzene from solution, at an initial solute concentration of 17.0 μM (1.3 mg l−1), was 95 krad (0.95 kGy, [OH.] ≈ 2.7 × 10−4 M). In the presence of a known radical scavenger, i.e. 3.3 mM methanol, a dose of 1510 krad ( 15.1 kGy, [OH . ] ≈ 4.2 × 10 −3 M ) was required to achieve the same removal. Toluene showed greater removal, in the absence of methanol, than benzene under similar experimental conditions. The D0.99 required to destroy an initial toluene concentration of 47.7 μM (4.4 mg l−1) was 165 krad (1.65 kGy, [OH.] ≈ 4.6 × 10−4 M), whereas the D0.99 for an initial toluene concentration of 16.4 μM (1.5 mg l−1), in the presence of 3.3 mM methanol, was 2074 krad (20.7 kGy, [OH.] ≈ 5.8 × 10−3 M).
Free-vibration characteristics and correlation of a space station split-blanket solar array

Two methods for studying the free-vibration characteristics of a large split-blanket solar array in a zero-g cantilevered configuration are presented. The zero-g configuration corrresponds to an on-orbit configuration of the Space Station solar array. The first method applies the equations of continuum mechanics to determine the natural frequencies of the array; the second uses the finite element method program, MSC/NASTRAN. The stiffness matrix from the NASTRAN solution was found to be erroneously grounded. The results from the two methods are compared. It is concluded that the grounding does not seriously compromise the solution to the elastic modes of the solar array. However, the correct rigid body modes need to be included to obtain the correct dynamic model.
Habitual coffee intake, genetic polymorphisms, and type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND The association between coffee intake and type 2 diabetes may be modulated by common genetic variation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the association between habitual coffee intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes and to determine whether this association varied by genetic polymorphisms related to type 2 diabetes in Korean adults. DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based cohort study over a follow-up of 4 years was conducted. A total of 4077 Korean men and women aged 40-69 years with a normal glucose level at baseline were included. Coffee intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and incident type 2 diabetes or prediabetes was defined by oral glucose tolerance test or fasting blood glucose test. The genomic DNA samples were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 5.0, and nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to type 2 diabetes in East Asian populations were extracted. RESULTS A total of 120 cases of type 2 diabetes and 1128 cases of prediabetes were identified. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, we observed an inverse association, but without any clear linear trend, between coffee intake and the combined risk of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. We found that inverse associations between habitual coffee intake and the combined risk of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes were limited to those with the T-allele (GT/TT) of rs4402960 in IGF2BP2, those with the G-allele (GG/GC) of rs7754840 in CDKAL1, or those with CC of rs5215 in KCNJ11. CONCLUSION We found a lower risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes combined with coffee intake among individuals with the GT/TT of IGF2BP2 rs4402960, GG/GC of CDKAL1 rs7754840, or CC of KCNJ11 rs5215, which are known to be related to type 2 diabetes in East Asians.
The Development of American Prisons and Punishment

The purpose and goal of this paper are to examine the history and subsequent development of the American prison system. The paper details the earliest contrivance and subsequent revision of the prison plan. This contribution departs from the conventional writing style in that it references a historical document that provided a first-hand account of the system, the people involved and the outcomes of the early prison model. In the concluding remarks, readers are encouraged to reflect and consider the current state of affairs with the system of criminal punishment based on the prison system. Are the goals being achieved? Is it time for revision of the master plan for incarceration?
Abstract 4589: Changes in proteomic profiles with age in male rats using the iTRAQ approach

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Aging is an important risk factor for many diseases including prostate cancer (PC). Enhanced risk for disease may, in part, be due to aging-related changes in the proteome. Thus, a better knowledge of the changes in protein levels occurring with age would help in the early detection of the disease, as well as in monitoring chemopreventive intervention. In the present study we used male F344 rats, a commonly used aging and PC model, and compared protein levels in the blood plasma of young (4 months), mature (12 months), old (18 months) and very old (24 months) rats by a proteomic approach known as isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ). In this multi-plex non-gel based technique samples can be simultaneously labeled with isobaric tagging reagents for quantitation and identification by mass spectrometry. Plasma samples were pooled from three animals and 50 μg of protein from each group was labeled for a 4-plex iTRAQ analysis. A total of seventy nine proteins were identified, thirty one with >99% confidence. Among those, the levels of thirteen proteins were changed significantly (p 99% confidence including serotransferrin, hemopexin, fetuin-A, fetuin-B and α-1-acid glycoprotein. Both age-specific and growth-development related changes were observed throughout the life span with maximum changes (either increases or decreases) being observed at 18 months. The results of this study show that age indeed can influence the expression profile of plasma proteins. The relationship of these proteins to PC is currently being investigated by analyzing their levels in different lobes of the prostate gland. Supported in part by R01 CA 127729-01 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4589.
Cognitive skills and their transfer: Discussion

Abstract Transfer is involved in all learning, remembering, problem solving and cognitive activities. Thus we need to think of dimensions and extent of transfer rather than simply consider transfer versus non-transfer. Moreover, we should consider transfer of motivation as well as transfer of learned cognitions if we are to understand transfer of learning in educational situations and be helpful to educators. Metacognitive, as well as cognitive, strategies are useful in facilitating transfer in many situations even though they may overload or interfere with transfer in situations where automatized responses are appropriate. We need research to determine when metacognition should be called into play. Research is also needed on the interaction of cognitive and motivational variables affecting transfer.
The versatile palatal island flap: Its use in soft palate reconstruction and nasopharyngeal and choanal atresia

The mucoperiosteal island flap, first designed to provide nasal lining during pushback lengthening of a short cleft palate, has been used to assist in reconstruction of large soft palate defects following resection for cancer, to create and maintain patency of the velopharyngeal aperture after stenosis and to maintain patency of the nasal airway after resection of bony choanal atresia.
Stereoscopic 3D display with color interlacing improves perceived depth

Temporal interlacing is a method for presenting stereoscopic 3D content whereby the two eyes’ views are presented at different times and optical filtering selectively delivers the appropriate view to each eye. This approach is prone to distortions in perceived depth because the visual system can interpret the temporal delay between binocular views as spatial disparity. We propose a novel color-interlacing display protocol that reverses the order of binocular presentation for the green primary but maintains the order for the red and blue primaries: During the first sub-frame, the left eye sees the green component of the left-eye view and the right eye sees the red and blue components of the right-eye view, and vice versa during the second sub-frame. The proposed method distributes the luminance of each eye’s view more evenly over time. Because disparity estimation is based primarily on luminance information, a more even distribution of luminance over time should reduce depth distortion. We conducted a psychophysical experiment to test these expectations and indeed found that less depth distortion occurs with color interlacing than temporal interlacing.
Structural and magnetic properties of sol–gel derived NiFe2O4 thin films on silicon substrates

Abstract Spinel NiFe 2 O 4 thin films are derived via chemical solution deposition on silicon substrates. The films show a granular microstructure with surface roughness of less than 3 nm. The effects of varying the pyrolysis and annealing conditions on the microstructure and resulting magnetic properties have been studied. Microstructural studies confirm the formation of randomly oriented, phase-pure spinel nickel ferrite for pyrolysis at 100 °C to 500 °C and crystallization at 650 °C to 900 °C for 10 to 30 min. It is shown that the pyrolysis temperature does not affect the microstructure and the resulting magnetic properties, while increasing annealing temperature results in increased grain size and saturation magnetization. Transmission electron microcopy shows that no intermediate or secondary phase has formed at the interface even at annealing temperature as high as 900 °C.
Fe0 nanoparticles remain mobile in porous media after aging due to slow desorption of polymeric surface modifiers.

Nanosized zerovalent iron (nZVI) is used for in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. Polyelectrolyte surface coatings are used to inhibit nZVI aggregation and enhance mobility in the subsurface for emplacement. The fate of nZVI is of interest given the uncertainties regarding the effects of nanomaterials on the environment, and depends in part on the stability of these surface coatings against desorption and biodegradation. This study measured the rate and extent of desorption of polyelectrolyte coatings used to stabilize nZVI, including polyaspartate (PAP MW = 2.5 kg/mol and 10 kg/mol), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC MW = 90 kg/mol and 700 kg/mol), and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS MW = 70 kg/mol and 1000 kg/mol). The initial adsorbed mass of polyelectrolyte ranged from 0.85 to 3.71 mg/m2 depending on the type and molecular weight (MW). Polyelectrolyte adsorption was confirmed by an increase in nZVI electrophoretic mobility. In all cases, desorption of polyelectrolyte was slow, with less than 30 wt% ...
Econometrically Modeled Impacts of Science and Engineering Graduates on the National Economy

rom the National Academies of Science and Engineering, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, we are told that America’s competitive position in the world is not only in large jeopardy but worsening due to a shortage of scientists and engineers (S&E). According to two different series of studies and congressional hearings, factors like economic turmoil, the increased globalization of information, education, investment in technical workforce, and similar issues are all exacerbating the problem. There is little doubt about global competition though some contention as to the extent of the shortage problem when it comes to the number of S&E graduates from the United States each year compared to our Asian and European counterparts. Statistics are plentiful on the numbers of doctoral candidates, the demand for engineers and similar factoids, as well as the void that will exist when baby boomers retire and there are not enough S&E to replace them. Among the increasingly concerning and publicized issue is a lack of an empirical economic analysis that analyzes the link or correlation between engineering and science graduate rates and key economic indicators.
Visualization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Human Epidermis

The localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in normal human epidermis was examined with two independent experimental methods. The distribution of EGF receptor sites was studied using light microscopic autoradiography with [ 125 I]EGF and direct immunocytochemical techniques with EGF receptor antibodies and protein A-colloidal gold complexes. Direct visualization by autoradiography indicated that the concentration of EGF receptors was greatest in the lower epidermal layers. Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of protein A-gold complexes showed that EGF receptors were primarily associated with the plasma membranes although intranuclear and cytoplasmic localization was also evident. This postembedment immunolocalization method also confirmed the relative differences in the number of EGF receptors found in individual epidermal layers (basalis > spinosum > granulosum corneum layers). This inverse relationship between numbers of EGF receptors and the degree of epidermal differentiation and/or keratinization may suggest a physiologic role for EGF in these processes in human epidermis.
A Confirmatory Model for Substance Use Among Japanese American and Part-Japanese American Adolescents

Few studies have examined the effect of ethnicity and cultural identity on substance use among Asian and Pacific Islander adolescents. A cross-sequential study conducted in Hawai'i with 144 Japanese and part-Japanese American adolescents assessed a model integrating Japanese ethnicity, cultural identity, substance use, major life events, and social support. Japanese American adolescents scored higher on the Japanese Culture Scale and on the Peers' Social Support than the part-Japanese American adolescents. Significant associations for substance use and impairment included culturally intensified events and Japanese cultural identity-behavior subset. Models had good overall fits and suggested that conflict surrounding cultural identity may contribute to substance use.
Phase transitions in magnetic multilayers; statics and dynamics

Abstract Magnetic multilayers which incorporate ultrathin ferromagnetic films are physical realizations of classical, one dimensional spin systems, with spins coupled via exchange mediated by spacer layers or interactions at interfaces, and subject to anisotropy. Here by `spin', we refer to the total spin angular momentum of an ultrathin film in the structure. Such systems can undergo a rich range of phase transitions, in reponse to an external magnetic field, or change in temperature. Since interfilm exchange is weak, modest magnetic fields can induce spin reorientation phase transitions. We thus have a new and diverse class of magnetic materials, with phase diagrams subject to design, since both thickness, composition, or growth conditions. The paper reviews selected examples, including recent studies of the dynamic response (AC susceptibility) of an antiferromagnetically coupled Fe/Cr system which undergoes the surface spin-flop transition.
Cell Adhesion Molecules: Potential Therapeutic & Diagnostic Implications

The role of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) in various pathological processes including angiogenesis, thrombosis, apoptosis, cell migration & proliferation are well documented. These processes can lead to both acute and chronic disease states such as ocular diseases, metastasis, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, osteoporosis, a wide range of inflammatory diseases, vascular remodeling, and neurodegenerative disorders. A key success in this field is evident from the potential role of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa integrin in the prevention and diagnosis of various thromboembolic disorders. Additionally, the use of soluble adhesion molecules as potential diagnostic markers for acute and chronic leukocyte, platelet, and endothelial cellular insult are increasingly utilized. The development of various therapeutic and diagnostic candidates based on the key role of CAM, with special emphasis on integrins in various diseases as well as the structure-function aspects of cell adhesion and signaling of the different CAM and ECM are highlighted.
The prevention of thromboembolic complications in myocardial infarction by anticoagulant therapy; a clinical-pathologic study.

Autopsy records of 151 patients dying of acute myocardial infarction, in a large private hospital, were reviewed. Half of the patients received anticoagulant therapy. Hemorrhage was not a significant cause of death in Dicumarol-treated patients. Embolic complications, often undiagnosed clinically, were of common occurrence. Adequate anticoagulant therapy effectively reduced, not only the total number of emboli, but also the number of serious or fatal emboli. In this role, anticoagulants serve a useful purpose in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Defect state model for localized excitations in LiF

Abstract We find that a defect state treatment of localized excitations in LiF within the local density functional formalism accounts remarkably well for the observed experimental (core plus optical gap) excitations — in contrast to the failure of the one-electron band model. We show that when electron relaxation, self-interaction and charge polarization effects are taken into account by treating the excitation as a localized points defect, the improved band model predicts the correct excitation and interband states.
Packer Testing in Water Wells Near Sarasota, Floridaa

During February and March 1964, the U. S. Geological Survey ran caliper, conductance, and temperature logs on several wells in the Sarasota area. The Florida Geological Survey had previously run gamma ray and electric logs on the same wells. Two flowing wells were selected for packer testing. The two wells are about the same depth, penetrate essentially the same geologic horizons, and are about 16 miles apart. The packers were set in the wells between the producing horizons of the formations penetrated and each of the horizons was tested for head, amount of production, and quality of water. One of the tests produced excellent results, indicating that the various producing zones were effectively isolated by the packers and that different quality of water, quantity of water, and a different head was available from each zone. The other test did not show sharp differences but did indicate the extent of contamination of the producing horizons in a flowing well which had been capped for approximately two years. These tests indicate that packer testing can measurably add to knowledge of the separation of permeable zones.
The human B-cell lymphoma cell line RC-K8 has multiple genetic alterations that dysregulate the Rel/NF-κB signal transduction pathway

The human large B-cell lymphoma cell line RC-K8 has a rearranged REL locus that directs the production of a chimeric protein, termed REL-NRG (Non-Rel Gene). In this study, we show that RC-K8 cells have constitutively nuclear heterodimeric and homodimeric DNA-binding complexes that consist of p50, REL, and REL-NRG. In vitro, IκBα can block the DNA-binding activity of wild-type REL homodimers but not REL-NRG homodimers. In vivo, REL-NRG cannot activate transcription of a κB site reporter plasmid, suggesting that it is a transcription repressing or blocking REL protein. By Western blotting, no IκBα protein can be detected in extracts of RC-K8 cells. The absence of IκBα protein in RC-K8 cells appears to be due to mutations that cause premature termination of translation in three of the four copies of the IKBA gene in RC-K8 cells. Re-expression of wild-type IκBα or a super-repressor form of IκBα in RC-K8 cells is cytotoxic; in contrast, expression of a dominant-negative form of IκB kinase does not affect the growth of RC-K8 cells. By cDNA microarray analysis, a number of previously identified Rel/NF-κB target genes are overexpressed in RC-K8 cells, consistent with there being transcriptionally active REL complexes. Taken together, our results suggest that the growth of RC-K8 cells is dependent on the activity of nuclear wild-type REL dimers, while the contribution of REL-NRG to the transformed state of RC-K8 cells is less clear. Nevertheless, the RC-K8 cell line is the first tumor cell line identified with mutations in genes encoding multiple proteins in the Rel/NF-κB signal transduction pathway.
Texture Patterns in Pancreatic Sonograms

In a retrospective study of 163 pancreatic sonograms, five internal echo patterns were correlated with the ultimate clinical diagnoses. Attention to the internal echo patterns of the pancreas can provide useful information in diagnosing pancreatic disease, including identification of abnormalities in glands of normal size and contour.
Structure of a cold front over the ocean

The kinematic and thermodynamic structure of a strong cold front over the Gulf of Alaska has been determined using aircraft, dropsonde, and radiosonde data obtained during the Storm Transfer and Response Experiment. Synoptic-scale analysis using the Sawyer-Eliassen secondary circulation equation shows that friction and diabatic heating, as well as the geostrophic forcing, are important in accounting for the secondary circulation at the front. A fine-scale analysis, with horizontal resolution of 700m and vertical resolution of 100 m, shows strong relative inflow of warm boundary layer air toward the front from the east and a weaker inflow of cold air from the west. Updraught velocities of greater than 6 m s−1 over a 2 km width were measured at 875 mb near the leading edge of the front. the frontogenetical effects of confluence, turbulent mixing, and tilting of isentropic surfaces are evaluated in the region of the front and compared with the results of previous studies. the high resolution of the thermodynamic fields provides new data for comparison with high resolution numerical models.
Interaction between NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and hepatic microsomes.

Abstract Solubilized NADPH-cytochrome P -450 reductase has been purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats. When added to microsomes, the reductase enhances the monoxygenase, such as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin O -dealkylase, and benzphetamine N -demethylase, activities. The enhancement can be observed with microsomes prepared from phenobarbital- or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated, or non-treated rats. The added reductase is believed to be incorporated into the microsomal membrane, and the rate of the incorporation can be assayed by measuring the enhancement in ethoxycoumarin dealkylase activity. It requires a 30 min incubation at 37°C for maximal incorporation and the process is much slower at lower temperatures. The temperature affects the rate but not the extent of the incorporation. After the incorporation, the enriched microsomes can be separated from the unbound reductase by gel filtration with a Sepharose 4B column. The relationship among the reductase added, reductase bound and the enhancement in hydroxylase activity has been examined. The relationship between the reductase level and the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity has also been studied with trypsin-treated microsomes. The trypsin treatment removes the reductase from the microsomes, and the decrease in reductase activity is accompanied by a parallel decrease in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. When purified reductase is added, the treated microsomes are able to gain aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity to a level comparable to that which can be obtained with normal microsomes. The present study demonstrates that purified NADPH-cytochrome P -450 reductase can be incorporated into the microsomal membrane and the incorporated reductase can interact with the cytochrome P -450 molecules in the membrane, possibly in the same mode as the endogenous reductase molecules. The result is consistent with a non-rigid model for the organization of cytochrome P -450 and NADPH-cytochrome P -450 reductase in the microsomal membrane.
First- and second order forces on a cylinder submerged under a free surface

Several years ago Dean (1948) showed how to solve the linearized potential problem of water waves passing over a submerged circular cylinder. He discovered the remarkable fact that there is no reflexion from the cylinder; the transmitted waves have the same amplitude as the incident waves, but they suffer a phase shift in passing the cylinder. Soon after the publication of Dean's paper, Ursell (1950) investigated the problem anew. He placed the solution on a rigorous basis, supplied a uniqueness proof, and developed a form of the solution with which it was reasonable to perform calculations.
Structural Properties and Filter Loading Characteristics of Soot Agglomerates

Nanoparticle agglomerates are pervasive in atmospheric sciences, air pollution, and manufacturing of powdered materials, yet studies for filtration of nanoparticle agglomerates are still scarce compared to those for spherical particles. We investigated loading of soot nanoparticle agglomerates on fibrous air filter media. The soot agglomerates were generated from a diffusion burner with propane gas as fuel and compressed air as oxidant/sheath. The mode of the number distribution was determined to be 120 nm. A Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA)—Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer (APM) system was used to measure the mass of agglomerates as a function of the mobility size, which gave a mass-mobility exponent of 1.9 ± 0.1. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that the primary particles in the agglomerates had a mean diameter of 28 nm with a geometric standard deviation of 1.26. Loading experiments were carried out with the face velocity of 10 cm/s on a fiberglass filter media. The pressure dro...
Visual pattern detection in preterm neonates

The purpose of the present study was to test the ability of preterm neonates to resolve square-wave gratings varying in spatial frequency, contrast, and orientation. The sample included 184 infants born prematurely at an average of 34 weeks, 6 days who were tested at a mean postconceptional age of 37 weeks, 4 days. The preferential looking procedure was employed for testing the neonates' resolution of the gratings. Spatial frequencies included.06,.11,.23,.46,.92, 1.85, 3.69, and 7.38 cycles/degree. Contrasts were 66%, 38%, 22%, 17%, and 13%. The major results were that detection of the gratings varied as a function of contrast and spatial frequency. Higher spatial frequencies required more contrast to be resolved and, on an absolute basis, the infants were able to detect spatial frequencies as high as.92 to 1.02 c/deg and contrast as low as 13%. Horizontal and vertical gratings did not differ in detectability. In general, the present results indicate much more refined pattern-detection capacities in the preterm neonate than has previously been demonstrated.
Satisfaction Formation Processes in Library Users: Understanding Multisource Effects

Abstract This study explores whether disconfirmation theory can explain satisfaction formation processes in library users. Both library users' needs and expectations are investigated as disconfirmation standards. Overall library user satisfaction is predicted to be a function of two independent sources—satisfaction with the information product received and satisfaction with the information system and library services used to retrieve the information product. Both sources are hypothesized to contribute independently to satisfaction in library users.
Distribution of flavonoids in the genus baptisia (leguminosae)

Abstract Distributional data for sixty-two flavonoids and two coumarins in all 17 spp. of the genus Baptisia are presented.
Characterization of Human Papillomavirus Type 45, a New Type 18-related Virus of the Genital Tract

DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 45, a new HPV type 18-related papillomavirus of the genital tract, was cloned from a recurrent cervical lesion displaying mild to moderate dysplasia with koilocytosis. HPV-45 DNA was identified in paraffin sections of biopsies of both the initial and recurrent lesions of the patient, taken 7 months apart. HPV-45 DNA hybridized efficiently to that of many different HPV types under low and moderate stringency conditions (Tm - 37 degrees C to Tm - 25 degrees C) but with only HPV-18 DNA under high stringency conditions (Tm - 17 degrees C). HPV-45 DNA was distinguished from HPV-18 DNA by (i) differences in restriction enzyme digest patterns, (ii) lack of hybridization at Tm - 17 degrees C between HPV-18 and some fragments of HPV-45, (iii) a value of 25% in liquid reassociation kinetics between HPV-18 and HPV-45 and (iv) differences in intensities of hybridization with selected tissue DNAs. The prevalence of HPV-45 infection in the genital tract was low. In tests of over 600 tissue DNAs from female genital tract lesions, HPV-45 sequences were detected in three additional tissues, one each of invasive cervical carcinoma, condyloma, and normal cervical epithelium. HPV-45 is a newly recognized papillomavirus which rarely infects the genital tract and is associated with lesions across a wide histological spectrum.