cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and biochemical evidence for Treponema pallidum in a 19th to early twentieth century skeletal cadaver.

This report summarizes findings relating to the biochemical and skeletal evidence for Treponema pallidum in an unusually old case of congenital syphilis. In 1951, the Milwaukee Public Museum acquired skeletal remains from the Surgical School of Marquette University. The male was identified as a 60–65-year-old, that was suffering from congenital syphilis. His remains are now part of the anthropological collections of Wisconsin Lutheran College (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) tests were used to verify the presence of the bacteria-generated antibodies, while mass spectrometry testing provided indirect evidence for the historical treatment of the disease. Notably, antibody detection in human remains of this age is rare. These initial results support what is known of syphilis and its treatment prior to the wide scale, clinical use of penicillin therapy, and describe evidence for long-term skeletal symptoms of congenital syphilis in century-old human remains.
Optimism versus pessimism as predictors of physical health: A comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research.

Prior research has related dispositional optimism to physical health. Traditionally, dispositional optimism is treated as a bipolar construct, anchored at one end by optimism and the other by pessimism. Optimism and pessimism, however, may not be diametrically opposed, but rather may reflect two independent, but related dimensions. This paper reports a reanalysis of data from previously published studies on dispositional optimism. The reanalysis was designed to evaluate whether the presence of optimism or the absence of pessimism predicted positive physical health more strongly. Relevant literatures were screened for studies relating dispositional optimism to physical health. Authors of relevant studies were asked to join a consortium, the purpose of which was to re-analyze previously published data sets separating optimism and pessimism into distinguishable components. Ultimately, data were received from 61 separate samples (N = 221,133). Meta-analytic analysis of data in which optimism and pessimism were combined into an overall index (the typical procedure) revealed a significant positive association with an aggregated measure of physical health outcomes (r = .026, p < .001), as did meta-analytic analyses with the absence of pessimism (r = .029, p < .001) and the presence of optimism (r = .011, p < .034) separately. The effect size for pessimism was significantly larger than the effect size for optimism (Z = -2.403, p < .02). Thus, the absence of pessimism was more strongly related to positive health outcomes than was the presence of optimism. Implications of the findings for future research and clinical interventions are discussed.
Minorities and Education in Plural Societies

Accommodation without Assimilation: Sikh Immigrants in An American High School: Margaret A. Gibson Minority Status and Schooling: A Comparative Study of Immigrant and Involuntary Minorities: Margaret A. Gibson and John U. Ogbu, eds
Genetic Algorithm for Demand Response: A Stackelberg Game Approach

Demand response (DR) has gained a significant recent interest due to its potential for mitigating many power system problems. Game theory is a very effective tool to be utilized in DR management. In this paper, the DR between a distribution system operator (DSO) and load aggregators (LAs) is designed as a Stackelberg game, where the DSO acts as the leader and LAs are regarded as the followers. Due to the limitations of the centralized solution approaches, a genetic algorithm-based decentralized approach is proposed. To demonstrate the proposed approach, a case study concerning a day-ahead optimization for a real-time pricing market with a single DSO and three LAs is designed and optimized. The proposed approach is able to shift the demand peaks and prove that it has a great potential to be used for the Stackelberg game between a DSO and multiple LAs to fully exploit the potential of DR.
Treatment outcome of superficial leiomyosarcoma.

Background Nonuterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are common extremity soft-tissue sarcomas. Deep LMS are at an increased risk for recurrence; however, few studies have focused on superficial LMS. Methods We reviewed the clinicopathological features of 82 patients with a primary superficial LMS. The mean age and follow-up were 57 ± 15 and 7 ± 5 years. Depth was classified as dermal (based in the skin; n = 35, 43%) and subcutaneous (based below the dermis, above the fascia; n = 47, 57%) on the final resection specimen. Dermal cases were treated with negative margin resection, while subcutaneous tumors were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team for consideration of possible adjuvant therapy. Results The 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for superficial LMS was 90% with no difference (p = .18) in the 10-year DSS between patients with dermal (100%) and subcutaneous (86%) LMS. All disease recurrences occurred in subcutaneous LMS (17% vs. 0%, p = .02) and subcutaneous tumors had a worse10-year metastatic free survival (81% vs. 100%, p = .03). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that dermal LMS can be managed with a negative margin resection alone. Although the prognosis for patients with subcutaneous LMS is quite favorable, there is some risk for local and distant recurrence, and such patients will benefit from multidisciplinary care.
The Role of Urodynamics

When evaluating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), patients often present with mixed symptoms, or the symptoms may be attributed to a number of pathologies. Comprehensive basic office evaluation, including a thorough history and physical exam, enables clinicians to selectively perform urodynamics in more complicated situations. Urodynamic evaluation facilitates a more complete understanding of the symptomatology in these challenging patients to support creating a comprehensive treatment plan. This chapter aims to guide clinicians on the appropriate use of a urodynamic study in puzzling clinical scenarios.
Ruthenium(II)–arene complexes with chelating quinoline ligands as anti-amyloid agents

Recent recognition of the soluble form of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide as a neurotoxic agent in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has spurred the development of agents to target this species. Because Aβ is...
Discrimination in the Workplace: The Firing of a Transsexual.

The purpose of this study is to compare the benchmark cases of Audra Sommers, a transsexual who was fired from her job on April 25, 1980, to more recent cases to determine if workplace discrimination and laws have changed for transsexuals since 1980. To explore these issues, we conducted personal telephone interviews with two transsexuals and examined pertinent legal cases since the Sommers' cases. Our two case studies revealed that they had not experienced discrimination in their workplaces. In regards to the court cases, we found conflicting results-sometimes the courts determined that sex and gender are synonymous in terms of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII protection, while other times they ruled they are not the same. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Chronic hepatitis with hypergammaglobulinemia in childhood. Report of eight cases.

Eight cases of chronic hepatitis with marked hypergammaglobulinemia occurring in pediatric patients are reported. Arthralgia, abdominal pain, skin rashes, and bleeding tendencies were present in these patients, but none had a positive lupus cell preparation. Administration of adrenocortical steroid drugs was followed by clinical improvement in four cases and no significant change in one. Despite the administration of adrenocortical steroid drugs, three patients died. At autopsy, postnecrotic cirrhosis was found in each of these three cases. The etiology of the syndrome of chronic hepatitis with marked hypergammaglobulinemia has not been established. Cases occurring in children do not appear to differ significantly from cases in adults. There is some evidence that autoimmunization against hepatic tissue is important in pathogenesis, but this hypothesis has not been definitely established.
High-performance multimedia transmission on the cable television network

A spectrally efficient discrete multicarrier modulation method is studied for the transmission of broadcast and interactive digital data on a cable television (CATV) coaxial distribution system. This study finds that multicarrier transmission can mitigate a variety of distortions in CATV networks, such as reflections and amateur radio interference. Some simulation results are presented to substantiate these findings. In particular, we find that 80 Mbps or more of information can be transmitted reliably in a single 6-MHz slot, with each slot possibly serving multiple users. >
Antimatter Driven P‐B11 Fusion Propulsion System

One of the major advantages of using P-B11 fusion fuel is that the reaction produces only charged particles in the form of three alpha particles and no neutrons. A fusion concept that lends itself to this fuel cycle is the Magnetically Insulated Inertial Confinement Fusion (MICF) reactor whose distinct advantage lies in the very strong magnetic field that is created when an incident particle (or laser) beam strikes the inner wall of the target pellet. This field serves to thermally insulate the hot plasma from the metal wall thereby allowing thc plasma to burn for a long time and produce a large energy magnification. If used as a propulsion device, we propose using antiprotons to drive the system which we show to be capable of producing very large specific impulse and thrust. By way of validating the confinement propenies of MICF we will address a proposed experiment in which pellets coated with P-B11 fuel at the appropriate ratio will be zapped by a beam of antiprotons that enter the target through a hole. Calculations showing the density and temperature of the generated plasma along with the strength of the magnetic field and other properties of the system will be presented and discussed.
Scattering and Absorption by Wavelength Size Discs

An integral equation for the current density induced in flat lossy dielectric discs by incident polarized waves is solved by a partly analytic, partly numerical method designed specifically to be efficient for the disc shape with thickness small and radius comparable to the incident wavelength. The computed currents are then used to compute, for arbitrary direction and polarization of the incident wave, the bistatic scattering matrix elements, total scattering and absorption cross-sections. The extinction cross-section is found both by summing the latter two cross-sections and by using the optical theorem relating forward scatter and extinction.
The Geochemistry of Natural Technetium and Plutonium

It is generally assumed that element 43—technetium—and element 94— plutonium--are exclusively anthropogenic, found in nature only as contaminants. However, these nuclides also occur naturally as transient products of nuclear processes. In nature, 99Tc is produced by 238U spontaneous fission and 235U neutron induced fission and subsequently destroyed, with a half-life of 2.13 × 105 y, by radioactive decay. Plutonium-239 is produced naturally by 238 U neutron capture and decays with a half-life of 2.41 × 104 y. Rates of production of these nuclear products depend on the neutron fluence in the geologic environment, and the abundance of their mutual parent, uranium. Therefore, once the production and decay rates are equal (a condition we will refer to as nuclear equilibrium) samples of those environments should contain correlated abundances of the two elements. If the nuclear parent and daughters are undisturbed, such a state of equilibrium will be achieved in about 106 y. Chemical changes with respect to these three elements in this time frame can be identified and quantified by comparing measured abundances with those predicted by the systematics of nuclear equilibrium. Thus, determination of the abundances of 99Tc, 239Pu, and U should provide a useful tool for studying aspects of the chemistry of geologic environments during the last million years.
On the design of rent control

This paper presents a procedure for designing a rent control schedule which achieves reduction in rents while it simultaneously discourages under-maintenance leading to deterioration of the housing stock. The focus of the procedure is to understand the reaction of a profit-maximizing landlord to a given rent schedule and then to design the schedule so as to induce a favorable reaction. This is formulated mathematically as an inverse problem of optimal control.
Survey of recent advances on the interface between production system design and quality

Product design's impact on quality is widely recognized. Less well recognized is the impact of production system design on quality. As quality can be improved by integrating it with the design of the product, so it can be improved by integrating quality with the design of the production system. This article provides evidence of the production system's influence on quality and surveys recent advances on the interface between quality and production system design including the design of the production system's quality control process. After mapping the literature, we identify opportunities for future research.
Effect of Cause-of-Death Training on Agreement Between Hospital Discharge Diagnoses and Cause of Death Reported, Inpatient Hospital Deaths, New York City, 2008 - 2010

INTRODUCTION Accurate cause-of-death reporting is required for mortality data to validly inform public health programming and evaluation. Research demonstrates overreporting of heart disease on New York City death certificates. We describe changes in reported causes of death following a New York City health department training conducted in 2009 to improve accuracy of cause-of-death reporting at 8 hospitals. The objective of our study was to assess the degree to which death certificates citing heart disease as cause of death agreed with hospital discharge data and the degree to which training improved accuracy of reporting. METHODS We analyzed 74,373 death certificates for 2008 through 2010 that were linked with hospital discharge records for New York City inpatient deaths and calculated the proportion of discordant deaths, that is, death certificates reporting an underlying cause of heart disease with no corresponding discharge record diagnosis. We also summarized top principal diagnoses among discordant reports and calculated the proportion of inpatient deaths reporting sepsis, a condition underreported in New York City, to assess whether documentation practices changed in response to clarifications made during the intervention. RESULTS Citywide discordance between death certificates and discharge data decreased from 14.9% in 2008 to 9.6% in 2010 (P < .001), driven by a decrease in discordance at intervention hospitals (20.2% in 2008 to 8.9% in 2010; P < .001). At intervention hospitals, reporting of sepsis increased from 3.7% of inpatient deaths in 2008 to 20.6% in 2010 (P < .001). CONCLUSION Overreporting of heart disease as cause of death declined at intervention hospitals, driving a citywide decline, and sepsis reporting practices changed in accordance with health department training. Researchers should consider the effect of overreporting and data-quality changes when analyzing New York City heart disease mortality trends. Other vital records jurisdictions should employ similar interventions to improve cause-of-death reporting and use linked discharge data to monitor data quality.
On the initiation of cyclic oxidation-induced rumpling of platinum-modified nickel aluminide coatings

The evolution of the surface roughness of an initially flat platinum-modified nickel aluminide (NiPtAl) coating on a single crystal superalloy with cyclic oxidation has been measured by optical profilometry and correlated with the aluminide microstructure. The roughness evolution is dominated by the relative motion of individual grains on thermal cycling, with the larger sized grains moving up and the smaller grains moving down with respect to the average surface. Detailed crystallographic analysis indicates that the grains in the coating are randomly distributed and have no crystallographic relationship with the underlying single crystal superalloy. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the number of sides a grain has and the propensity for its center to move relative to the average surface plane: grains with six or more sides bow up, whereas the surfaces of those grains with fewer than six sides bow down. It is proposed that rumpling initiates due to the vertical displacement of the smaller grains having fewer than six sides. Once initiated, rumpling proceeds driven by the strain energy in the thermally grown oxide.
On physiological multiplicity and population heterogeneity of biological systems

Abstract The theory of steady-state multiplicity has been used to analyze the adaptive behavior associated with two experimentally well characterized biological systems; the bacteriophage γ and the Escherichia coli lactose operon. The ability to observe such systems in distinct physiological forms within a unique environment was found to be consistent with the existence of multiple stable solutions of the representative balance equations. Additionally, transitions between physiological states were found to be controlled by threshold mechanisms that altered the steady-state solution structure in a manner analogous to the ignition-extinction behavior exhibited by non-isothermal chemical reactors. These findings indicate that the population heterogeneity observed in these systems can be explained on the basis of steady-state multiplicity whereby a nonuniform population response acts to generate a culture comprised of physiologically distinct forms. Since multiple solutions of the conservation equations were found to orginate from interactions between conserved nonlinear kinetic and feedback mechanisms, these results appear general and the conclusions derived should be applicable to other less characterized biological systems. These findings also suggest that the physiological homogeneity assumption routinely employed in theoretical and experimental analysis of cellular behavior may lack theoretical justification.
The american dream and central city blight are american

Abstract This paper explains the difference in structure between U.S. and European cities. A model of the demand for multi-family structures (condominiums) is developed and it is argued that this demand has different parameters in the U.S. than in Europe because of different residential mobility rates. The result is that U.S. owner-occupiers are more likely to live in single-family homes than their European counterparts and this, in turn, produces the difference in the structure of cities.
The Spectrophotometric Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin Assessment of Total Lipids in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions

Human meibomian gland secretions (meibum) are the major lipid component of the human preocular tear film. The predominant lipid classes found in meibum include waxes (WE), cholesteryl esters (CE), and varying amounts of cholesterol (Chl). The classical sulfo-phospho-vanillin assay (SPVA), adapted for a microplate reader, was used to quantitate lipids in meibum. To account for varying reactivities of different lipids in SPVA, a model meibomian lipid mixture (MMx) that approximated the WE/CE/Chl composition of meibum was developed and used to quantitate meibomian lipids. The overall SPV responses of MMx and meibum were found to be close, with similar intermediate and final reaction products for both. Saturated WE that had not been expected to be reactive were found to be SPV-positive. A reaction mechanism for these compounds in SPVA which involves the formation of alkenyl ethers is proposed and discussed. Tested proteins were non-reactive in SPVA. Thus, by comparing the results of gravimetric analyses of meibum samples with the results of a properly calibrated SPVA, it was estimated that the SPV-reactive lipid content of dry meibum in tested samples was about 78 % (w/w). The SPV method can also be adopted for analyzing other types of complex lipids secretions, such as sebum, as well as whole lipid extracts from other lipid-enriched organs and tissues, if proper standards are chosen.
Image Deblurring and Aperture Synthesis Using a Posteriori Processing by Fourier-transform Holography

Image deblurring and aperture synthesis using a posteriori processing by Fourier transform holographic spatial filtering
Angiographic investigation of retroperitoneal space.

Abstract This article deals with angiographic techniques for studying the retroperitoneum and emphasizes their value by illustrative examples.
Reflections on the evolution of the Jigsaw visual analytics system

Analyzing and understanding collections of textual documents is an important task for professional analysts and a common everyday scenario for nonprofessionals. We have developed the Jigsaw visual ...
Volumetric studies of spheroids and left ventricles.

The area-length and multiple-slices for estimating heart chamber volumes from uniplane and biplane angiograms are analyzed mathematically for the ideal orthogonal projection of any prolate spheroid in any orientation. The resulting exact formulae relate volume estimates to spheroid shape and orientation. A study is made of possible errors and of best and worst orientations. The variation with orientation for spheroids of fixed shape is compared to the variation with orientation of left ventricle casts: there is a correlation between 0.57 and 0.68 for all models except the biplane area-length model (0.10). An orientation “correction factor” based on the spheroid is shown to improve the volume estimates of the casts slightly (7% to 13% except for the biplane area-length model). The biplane multiple-slices model gives the best results.
Patterns in 3D Vertically Oscillated Granular Layers: Simulation and Experiment

Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments are conducted for thin layers of particles in a vertically oscillated container as a function of the frequency $f$, amplitude $A$, and depth $H$. The same standing wave patterns (stripes, squares, or hexagons oscillating at $f/2$ or $f/4$) and wavelengths are obtained in the simulations and experiments for a wide range of $(f,A)$ and two layer depths. Two model parameters are determined by fits at just two points $(f,A,H)$. Simulation results lead to heuristic arguments for the onset of patterns and the crossover from squares to stripes.
Dynamics of B cell subsets within the CNS during viral encephalomyelitis

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation induced by viral infection and autoimmune disease results in the accumulation of various B cell subsets, including antibody secreting cells (ASC). However, the temporal dynamics and precursor relationships of B cell subsets within the inflamed CNS remain unclear. Encephalomyelitis induced by gliatropic coronavirus JHMV resolves into a persistent infection associated with chronic demyelination and provides a model to study the progression of humoral responses within the CNS over time. Accumulation of CD138+CD19+ ASC after initial T cell mediated control of infectious virus is essential in preventing viral reemergence. However, the early phase of viral infection results in the accumulation of CD138−CD19+ B cells, whose function is unknown. These early CNS-localized B cells display an early activated IgM+IgD+ phenotype. Their progressive decline coincides with an increase of IgM+IgD− and isotype switched IgM− IgD− memory B cells and ASC, suggesting that early B cells differentiate locally, or are replaced by newly recruited more differentiated B cells. During infection, chemokines and cytokines supporting B cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in lymphoid organs are upregulated in the CNS. Examination of the proliferative capacity of CD138−CD19+ B cells in the CNS using ki-67 expression revealed that IgM+IgD+ B cells undergo minimal proliferation, similar to the periphery. Proliferation by IgDintIgM+ cell was increased, but most prominent in the IgD− IgM+ population, reaching 60%. Moreover, proliferation of the IgD− IgM+ subset was higher in the CNS relative to the draining lymph nodes during acute infection. The proliferation profiles suggests CNS IgD+IgM+ B cells are unlikely precursors of isotype switched cells and that IgDIgM+ cells are rather derived from early emigration of B cells activated to proliferate in the periphery. This is supported by localization of IgD+ and IgM+ B cells mainly within the meninges and perivascular space, without evidence for cell clusters reminiscent of ectopic follicles. Overall the data support the inflamed CNS as a niche supporting recruitment, proliferation and survival of multiple B cell subsets recruited from the periphery at several distinct differentiation stages. While early IgD+ B cells may play an antibody independent role, the precursor relationships among more differentiated cells within the CNS for maintaining humoral responses remain to be investigated.
A computational framework to quantify tissue microstructural integrity using conventional MRI macrostructural volumetry

In this work, we present a framework to fuse and quantify tissue microstructural attributes (e.g. diffusion, functional, relaxation and perfusion MRI) using high spatial resolution T1-weighted volumetric measurements. The proposed computational procedures can be implemented by utilizing advanced, image segmentation, registration and diffusion tensor image processing software. Feasibility of the framework is also demonstrated using in-house developed software and freely available software such as FreeSurfer for regional tissue segmentation, Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) for registration and DTIStudio for fiber tracking and diffusion tensor data processing. We also demonstrate the application of these methods in the provision of quality control measures to assess the fidelity of tissue segmentation and multi-modal MRI registration.
A transaction management framework for collaborative engineering

This paper discusses the various novel functionalities of a transaction management system for collaborative engineering applications. These features include grouped and shared transactions, dynamic database partitioning, communicative locking, dependency maintenance, update notification schemes, and version management of data configurations. It also establishes protocols for data consistency maintenance on the basis of application semantics and encapsulation of nonserializable data sharing in local databases rather than by the notion of global database consistency. Finally, it presents strategies for implementing these features using a commercial object oriented database management system (OODBMS) environment (ONTOS).
Model for the Rh blood group system based on discontinuous gene structure

A model of the Rh blood group system is proposed which is based on discontinuous gene structure. The R29 control subregion consists of a single exon flanked by introns. Following the R29 subregion, the R1 subregion exists as seven exon structures which alternate with introns. The expression of each exon is controlled by flanking introns. A separate exon-intron structure controls expression of the Rh: -1 phenotype. Differential gene expression is controlled by intron sequences and complementary splicer RNA sequences encoded by unlinked loci.
A condition that a derivation be inner

SiaR un anello primo con derivazioned. Si dimostra che se esiste un ideale sinistroL≠0 diR ed un elementoa≠0. tale chead(L)≠0, allorad e una derivazione interna indotta da un elemento dell'anello dei quozienti di Martindale diR.
The epistemological status of second language acquisition

In this paper I argue for the necessity of recognizing the epistemological basis of language (and hence of linguistic theory) for research in and theories of second language acquisition. In particu...
Biomaterial surface‐dependent neutrophil mobility

Compromised neutrophil function in the presence of an implanted biomaterial may represent an important mechanism that allows for the development of implant-associated infections. Here, human neutrophil mobility has been investigated on a polyurethane (ChronoFlex AR), a hydrophobic surface consisting of an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer, and a glass reference material. Neutrophil mobility was quantified, based on cell movement speed and persistence time obtained from time-lapse optical microscopy, while neutrophil cytoskeletal structures and morphology were visualized using confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Our results show that material surface properties affect neutrophil-surface interactions, as reflected by morphological changes, and the mobility of neutrophils stimulated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In the absence of adsorbed plasma proteins, the mobility of stimulated neutrophils increased with increasing material hydrophobicity from glass, to polyurethane, to OTS. The opposite trend was observed in the presence of adsorbed plasma proteins, such that neutrophil mobility increased with decreasing material hydrophobicity. Analysis of the results showed that the mobility of fMLP-stimulated neutrophils cells was inversely related to the extent of cell spreading on the materials.
A limit theorem for projections

The main purpose of this paper is to establish a limit theorem for convex combinations of linear projections. We also include nonlinear extensions as well as several applications.
Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein Not Necessary for Passage through the Mammalian Cell Division Cycle

Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) during the G1-phase of the mammalian cell division cycle is currently believed to be a controlling element regulating the passage of cells into S-phase. We find, however, that the suspension-grown cell lines U937, L1210, and MOLT-4 contain exclusively hyperphosphorylated Rb. Furthermore, when adherent NIH3T3 cells are grown at very low densities to avoid overgrowth and contact inhibition, they also contain only hyperphosphorylated Rb. NIH3T3 cells exhibit hypophosphorylation when the cells are grown at moderate to high cell densities. We propose that cultures of adherent cells such as NIH3T3, when grown to moderate cell densities, are made up of two populations of cells: (a) cells that are relatively isolated and therefore growing exponentially without contact inhibition, and (b) cells that are growth-inhibited by local cell density or contact inhibition. The common observation in adherent cell lines, that Rb is both hyper- and hypophosphorylated in the G1-phase and only hyperphosphorylated in the S- and G2-phases, is explained by the effects of cell density and contact inhibition. Thus, phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of Rb protein during the G1 phase is not a necessary process during the NIH3T3, L1210, MOLT-4, and U937 division cycles. We propose that phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of Rb is independent of the division cycle and is primarily determined by growth conditions throughout the division cycle.
Localization of methadone in fetal rat eye by the immunofluorescence technic.

Abstract The eyes of 28 adult methadone tolerant rats and of 56 rat neonates delivered from an additional nine methadone tolerant mothers were examined by the fluorescent antibody technic using specific methadone antiserum. Positive retinal fluorescence was seen in 32% of the neonates but was not observed in any of the adults. These findings suggest that the retinal cells of neonatal rats are still sufficiently undifferentiated so as to retain the fundamentally neural ability to bind opiates.
The conversion of glucose-C14 to ethylene by apple tissue

Abstract Following the administration of glucose-U-C14 to apple sections, there occurs a rapid appearance of isotope in carbon dioxide and then, after a slight lag, a significant incorporation of activity into ethylene. A comparison of the efficiencies with which carbon-14 in the 1, 2, and 6 positions in the glucose molecule is transferred to ethylene indicates that the C-6 position is three times more effective than either the C-1 or C-2, while the remaining carbons probably are closely similar to the C-1 and C-2. With respect to carbon dioxide production, the results using specifically labeled glucose show a C-6 C-1 ratio indicative of at least a 40% contribution by the direct oxidative pathway. Both the synthesis of an aromatic ring and the oxidative route via pentose are eliminated as possible metabolic sequences leading from hexose to ethylene because of the inactivity of shikimic acid and of d -xylose-C14.
Elementary excitations and a collective mode in hcp 4 He

We have measured the velocity and attenuation of sound at 10, 30, and 50 MHz in solid4He at higher purity, lower density, and lower acoustic power than have been measured previously. At 10 MHz the velocity varies asT 4, as would be expected for a very high quality crystal with remarkably low dislocation density. The temperature dependence of the attenuation reveals coupling to thermally activated excitations that are consistent with vacancies measured in other work. However, in our work the activation energy is ∼0.7 K so that their concentration is sufficiently high to require Bose statistics. At 30 and 50 MHz, an unexpected, additional resonant behavior was observed. We show that the resonance is consistent with the existence of a collective mode of the vacancies and with a finite population of ground state vacancies.
Kinetic properties of rat hepatic prolactin receptors.

Abstract Binding of 125 I-labelled ovine prolactin to female rat liver membranes underequilibrium conditions showed an apparent K d of 200 pM, and a Hill coefficient of 1.0. The association rate was second order, with a rate constant K 1 , of 2.1 × 10 7 , 1.4 × 10 7 , 1.2 × 10 7 and 4 × 10 6 M −1 . min −1 at 37, 30, 24 and 4° respectively. At 24° there were two components to the dissociation; a faster phase with K −1 =1.26 × 10 −2 . min −1 ( T 1 2 =55 minutes ) and a slower phase with K −1 =1.103 × 10 −3 . min −1 . The apparent K d (from K −1 K 1 ) was 1.05 nM for the faster phase and 87.5 pM for the slower phase. These data suggest that there is a conformational change following hormone binding which results in an increased receptor affinity, which effectively prevents release of bound hormone.
A Microprocessor-Based System for Diagnosis of Cognitive Dysfunction

Memory impairment has been associated with a deficit in a functional component of attention termed "focused arousal." Short, aperiodic bursts of EEG activity in a narrow frequency band (36?44 Hz) centered at 40 Hz have been established as an indicator of this state of "focused arousal." A measure of this 40 Hz EEG activity could be very useful in the diagnosis of different types of cognitive dysfunction. Automated detection of the 40 Hz bursts is seriously hampered by the presence of high amplitude EMG signals from the scalp muscles and by the low amplitude of the 40 Hz EEG.
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids: Principles and applications

Abstract In the relatively well established family of smart materials such as those based on ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, magnetostriction, electrostriction and the shape memory effect, there resides another sub-set of materials known as ‘field responsive fluids’. These include magnetorheological (MR), magnetic liquids or ferrofluids and electrorheological (ER) fluids. This article provides a summary of the properties and applications and recent advances concerning MR fluids and devices. Applications of MR fluids in the automotive and other sectors of technology are also outlined.
Minification and gap affordances in head-mounted displays

Numerous studies report that people underestimate egocentric distances in head-mounted display (HMD) virtual environments compared to real environments when measured with direct blind walking. Recently, Zhang et al. [2012] demonstrated that minification can make verbal reports and blind walking more consistent with similar real world judgments. This research examines if minification causes people to misjudge gap affordances. We found that minification did not affect participants' verbal reports of whether they could fit through a gap without turning their shoulders.
Evaluating Adaptation and Olivocochlear Efferent Feedback as Potential Explanations of Psychophysical Overshoot

Masked detection threshold for a short tone in noise improves as the tone’s onset is delayed from the masker’s onset. This improvement, known as “overshoot,” is maximal at mid-masker levels and is reduced by temporary and permanent cochlear hearing loss. Computational modeling was used in the present study to evaluate proposed physiological mechanisms of overshoot, including classic firing rate adaptation and medial olivocochlear (MOC) feedback, for both normal hearing and cochlear hearing loss conditions. These theories were tested using an established model of the auditory periphery and signal detection theory techniques. The influence of several analysis variables on predicted tone-pip detection in broadband noise was evaluated, including: auditory nerve fiber spontaneous-rate (SR) pooling, range of characteristic frequencies, number of synapses per characteristic frequency, analysis window duration, and detection rule. The results revealed that overshoot similar to perceptual data in terms of both magnitude and level dependence could be predicted when the effects of MOC efferent feedback were included in the auditory nerve model. Conversely, simulations without MOC feedback effects never produced overshoot despite the model’s ability to account for classic firing rate adaptation and dynamic range adaptation in auditory nerve responses. Cochlear hearing loss was predicted to reduce the size of overshoot only for model versions that included the effects of MOC efferent feedback. These findings suggest that overshoot in normal and hearing-impaired listeners is mediated by some form of dynamic range adaptation other than what is observed in the auditory nerve of anesthetized animals. Mechanisms for this adaptation may occur at several levels along the auditory pathway. Among these mechanisms, the MOC reflex may play a leading role.
Going from 0 to 60 in 20 years: transitioning a help desk into a multi-function support center

This paper will focus on the transition of our Help Desk that began as a small User Services Support Desk with almost no budget, no upper management support, and an inexperienced staff of student workers. It was resurrected into a Help Desk of full-time staff "volunteers" who devoted their time to work the desk to support faculty and staff and the occasional student. The Help Desk later was staffed with two full-time support staff dedicated to providing good customer support and became the first point of contact for the majority of computing problems for faculty and staff. This mighty group of two remained constant for many years.As it began to struggle to meet the growing needs of its customers, which now included more students seeking help, it caught the attention of upper management. A departmental re-organization spun that small, but reliable Help Desk into a fully-staffed, multi-purpose Support Center that merged three different departmental components.The Support Center now struggles to merge the staffs that were comfortable in their own little niche of computing support into a group that "does it all". Their loyal customers now struggle to break old habits and not count on their usual support staff to resolve all their support issues. They must learn to give whoever answers the phone the opportunity to assist them. These challenges will be addressed later in this paper.
Are Iodotyrosines Normal Constituents of Plasma

THE question of whether or not the iodotyrosines exist normally in the circulation has been the subject of considerable experiment and discussion during the past seven years, beginning with a report by Werner and Block1 that they detected iodine in the iodotyrosine areas of chromatograms of serum from human subjects. Some subsequent investigations have provided supporting evidence while others have not2–6. Experimental evidence has not led to a satisfactory answer to the basic question because the concentrations of circulating iodine-containing substances are so low and a variety of artefacts may arise as a result of manipulations during the analysis7. In addition, not all assumptions inherent in present methods have been subject to direct substantiation. The extent of breakdown of iodotyrosines prior to analysis is unknown; added tracers may not behave as the native substances due to differences in protein binding; and these substances may not be principally contained in the plasma, which has been the only fraction of blood investigated by most research workers. Consequently, the conclusion accepted at present is only conditional: if mono- and di-iodotyrosine are normally present, they are probably protein bound and do not occur in significant amounts as free substances in normal plasma samples8.
Tu1538 Relationship Between Baseline Histology and Recurrence Histology After Successful Endoscopic Ablation for Barrett's Esophagus

Tu1538 Relationship Between Baseline Histology and Recurrence Histology After Successful Endoscopic Ablation for Barrett’s Esophagus Karthik Ragunathan*, Rajesh Krishnamoorthi, Sairaman Nagarajan, Prasad G. Iyer Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of medicine, Peoria, IL, Peoria, IL; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Harvard university, Boston, MA Background: Several studies have reported risk of recurrence of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) after achieving complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM) through endotherapy. Recurrence risk after CRIM in non-dysplastic BE (NDBE) subjects undergoing ablation versus those with LGD, HGD or IMC (dysplastic BE, D-BE) is unclear. Additionally, the relationship between baseline histology and recurrence histology has not been studied. We aimed to study these relationships through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings (from inception through July, 2014) to identify cohort studies reporting the recurrence of IM, dysplasia and/or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) after CRIM following endotherapy for Barrett’s related neoplasia. We excluded studies which 1) with cohorts consisting of a combination of D-BE and NDBE patients, 2) did not report baseline and recurrence histology, and 3) did not report follow up duration after CRIM. Studies were categorised into Dysplastic group (low grade, high grade and/ or EAC) and Nondysplastic group based on baseline histology. Dysplastic recurrence (DR) was defined as recurrence of BE with dysplasia (LGD or HGD) or EAC after CRIM. Non Dysplastic recurrence (NDR)was defined as recurrence of BE without dysplasia after CRIM. Risk of dysplastic recurrence (RDR) was defined as difference between DR and NDR. Primary outcome was RDR in dysplastic and non-dysplastic groups. Results: A total of 12 studies were included with 7 studies in dysplastic group(118 recurrences in 676 patients with 1282.35 patient years of follow up) and 5 studies in nondysplastic group(39 recurrences in 360 patients with 2159.83 years of follow up).The pooled IR in the dysplastic and non-dysplastic group was 7.4 % per patient year (95% CI of 0.59-0.89) and was 0.7% per patient year(95% CI of 0.3-1.0) respectively. RDR in the dysplastic group and non dysplastic group was 0.04(95% CI -0.05 to 0.13) and -0.11(95%CI -0.14 to -0.07) respectively (Figure 1 and 2). Conclusion: Recurrence rates after endoscopic therapy in BE subjects with baseline dysplasia undergoing endoscopic therapy is about 10 times the rate in the NDBE patients. Given the higher rates of recurrence and possibility of dysplastic recurrence, D-BE patients should stay in long term surveillance after CRIM. Conversely, given the lower rates of recurrence and high likelihood of recurrence histology to be NDBE, surveillance intervals in NDBE patients could potentially be lengthened.
Coulometric titration of uranium with electrogenerated titanous ion

Abstract In a citrate medium of pH 0.5 to 1.5 uranyl ion can be titrated to the +4 state with titanous ion generated by reduction +4 titanium at a mercury cathode. By titrating at 85° equilibrium is quickly established, and the equivalence point is determinable with high precision by the usual potentiometric technique. The method is sufficiently accurate to serve for precise assays of macro amounts of uranium Using a strictly constant generation current, and measuring time to the e.p., the average error of nineteen titrations of 28 to 112 mg quantities of uranium was — 0.02%.
Update on HERON

A brief report is presented on the status of the HERON R&D project. The goal of the project is to create a superfluid helium-based detector of low-energy solar neutrinos.
Coupled ghost fluid/two-phase level set method for curvilinear body-fitted grids

A coupled ghost fluid/two-phase level set method to simulate air/water turbulent flow for complex geometries using curvilinear body-fitted grids is presented. The proposed method is intended to treat ship hydrodynamics problems. The original level set method for moving interface flows was based on Heaviside functions to smooth all fluid properties across the interface. We call this the Heaviside function method (HFM). The HFM requires fine grids across the interface. The ghost fluid method (GFM) has been designed to explicitly enforce the interfacial jump conditions, but the implementation of the jump conditions in curvilinear grids is intricate. To overcome these difficulties a coupled GFM/HFM method was developed in which approximate jump conditions are derived for piezometric pressure and velocity and pressure gradients based on exact continuous velocity and stress and jump in momentum conditions with the jump in density maintained but continuity of the molecular and turbulent viscosities imposed. The implementation of the ghost points is such that no duplication of memory storage is necessary. The level set method is adopted to locate the air/water interface, and a fast marching method was implemented in curvilinear grids to reinitialize the level set function. Validations are performed for three tests: super- and sub-critical flow without wave breaking and an impulsive plunging wave breaking over 2D submerged bumps, and the flow around surface combatant model DTMB 5512. Comparisons are made against experimental data, HFM and single-phase level set computations. The proposed method performed very well and shows great potential to treat complicated turbulent flows related to ship flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic gradient formation for nanoflow chip LC.

We report a method for forming a nanoflow liquid chromatography (nano-LC) gradient using a single fluid pump at flow rates below 1 μL/min by passively forming a gradient on a microfluidic device. This device works together with an Agilent HPLC-Chip to perform high-throughput nanoflow liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (nano-LC/MS). The nanoflow gradient delay time is reduced from several minutes for a commercial LC nanoflow pump to only a few seconds with this microfluidic device, thus shortening the total analysis time and increasing the analysis throughput. With this microfluidic device, a nano-LC solvent delivery system can be greatly simplified and have increased robustness, reliability, reduced waste, and ease of use.