cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibody Is More Common in Patients with Active Bacterial Infections

Abstract Abstract 4678 Heparin mobilizes and binds to platelet factor 4 (PF4), forming a heparin-PF4 complex on the platelet surface. Rarely, IgG antibodies recognize and bind to the immune complex, causing platelet activation and thrombin generation, resulting in heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). There is evidence that PF4 has a role in antibacterial host defense and can concurrently prime the immune system with IgG antibodies that can cross-react with the heparin-PF4 complex (Krauel et al, Blood 2011). In the setting of a bacterial infection, the PF4 molecules interact with the bacterial cell wall and induce antibody production. These antibodies are able to recognize any bacteria coated in PF4, resulting in phagocytosis. In the setting of heparin, this antibody can cross react with the heparin-PF4 complex and result in HIT. In vitro studies suggest that E. coli, S. pneumo, and S. aureus coated in PF4 cross-react with human heparin induced anti-PF4/heparin antibodies. We have collected a database of patients being tested for HIT at our institution and performed a retrospective analysis of the incidence of bacterial infections. We hypothesize that patients who have a bacterial infection will be more likely to develop HIT due to anti-bacterial antibodies that cross-react with the heparin-PF4 complex. We collected culture data from 54 patients with positive HIT antibody by ELISA and 178 patients with negative HIT antibody. The incidence of positive cultures and active infections in described in table 1 . In the HIT negative patients, 61/178 (34.3%) had positive cultures, compared to 28/54 (51.9%) in the HIT positive patients (p=0.0198). Given that there is data to support E. coli, S. pneumo, and S. aureus-induced antibody cross-reactivity, we performed a subgroup analysis of the incidence of these specific bacterial infection in HIT positive and negative patients (33.3% versus 19.7%, p=0.0357). There is a statistically significant difference noted in the active infections, subgroup analysis, as well presence of any positive cultures in the HIT positive patients as compared to the HIT negative patients. Table 1 . Colonized Infections (%) Active Infections (%) E. coli, S. pneumo, S. aureus (%) Any + culture (%) HIT negative (n=178) 15 (8.4) 61 (34.3) 35 (19.7) 66 (37.1) HIT positive (n=54) 2 (3.7) 28 (51.9) 18 (33.3) 29 (53.7) p value 0.242 0.0198 0.0357 0.0293 This data supports that in the setting of active infection, particularly with E. coli, S. pneumo, and S. aureus, HIT antibody results should be carefully evaluated. Patients with positive cultures are likely to have thrombocytopenia from infection or sepsis, regardless of the presence of a HIT antibody. Thus, additional factors, such as the patient's 4T score and the presence of thrombosis should be considered prior to initiating treatment for HIT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Preliminary Results of Applying Machine Learning Algorithms to Android Malware Detection

As the use of mobile devices continues to increase, so does the need for sophisticated malware detection algorithms. The preliminary research presented in this paper focuses on examining permission requests made by Android apps as a means for detecting malware. By using a machine learning algorithm, we are able to differentiate between benign and malicious apps. The model presented achieved a classification accuracy between 75% and 80% for our dataset and the best combination of parameters. Future work will seek to improve the model by expanding the training dataset, taking more features into account, and exploring other machine learning algorithms.
Quantifying habitat benefits of channel reconfigurations on a highly regulated river system, Lower Missouri River, USA

Abstract We present a quantitative analysis of habitat availability in a highly regulated lowland river, comparing a restored reach with two reference reaches: an un-restored, channelized reach, and a least-altered reach. We evaluate the effects of channel modifications in terms of distributions of depth and velocity as well as distributions and availability of habitats thought to be supportive of an endangered fish, the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). It has been hypothesized that hydraulic conditions that support food production and foraging may limit growth and survival of juvenile pallid sturgeon. To evaluate conditions that support these habitats, we constructed two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for the three study reaches, two located in the Lower Missouri River (channelized and restored reaches) and one in the Yellowstone River (least-altered reach). Comparability among the reaches was improved by scaling by bankfull discharge and bankfull channel area. The analysis shows that construction of side-channel chutes and increased floodplain connectivity increase the availability of foraging habitat, resulting in a system that is more similar to the reference reach on the Yellowstone River. The availability of food-producing habitat is low in all reaches at flows less than bankfull, but the two reaches in the Lower Missouri River – channelized and restored – display a threshold-like response as flows overtop channel banks, reflecting the persistent effects of channelization on hydraulics in the main channel. These high lateral gradients result in punctuated ecological events corresponding to flows in excess of bankfull discharge. This threshold effect in the restored reach remains distinct from that of the least-altered reference reach, where hydraulic changes are less abrupt and overbank flows more gradually inundate the adjacent floodplain. The habitat curves observed in the reference reach on the Yellowstone River may not be attainable within the channelized system on the Missouri River, but the documented hydraulic patterns can be used to inform ongoing channel modifications. Although scaling to bankfull dimensions and discharges provides a basis for comparing the three reaches, implementation of the reference reach concept was complicated by differences in flow-frequency distributions among sites. In particular, habitat availability in the least-altered Yellowstone River reach is affected by increased frequency of low-flow events (less than 0.5 times bankfull flow) and moderately high-flow events (greater than 1.5 times bankfull flow) compared to downstream reaches on the Lower Missouri River.
Linking The Watsons go to Birmingham—1963 and Expository Texts: Cultivating Pre-Service Teachers Toward Culturally Relevant Literacy Practices

This study examines a pre-service teacher’s experiences in a reading methods course and corresponding practicum in an underserved Metro Detroit school. Examined are ways in which the key informant’s cooperating teacher’s practice, in conjunction with models in a methods course can inspire the enactment of Cognitive Strategy Instruction (CSI), varying participation discourses, and willingness to improvise and elicit discussion of difficult topics. Key informant perspectives and student reactions will be documented to display the potential for linking The Watsons go to Birmingham-1963 and expository texts in a manner that is culturally relevant and evokes talk about race that elicits deep comprehension.
Insights from animal models of bladder cancer: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities

// Bincy Anu John 1 and Neveen Said 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA 2 Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA 3 Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA Correspondence to: Neveen Said, email: nsaid@wakehealth.edu Keywords: bladder cancer, animal model, xenografts, carcinogen-induced, genetically engineered mice Received: February 15, 2017 Accepted: April 18, 2017 Published: May 09, 2017 ABSTRACT Bladder cancer (urothelial cancer of the bladder) is the most common malignancy affecting the urinary system with increasing incidence and mortality. Treatment of bladder cancer has not advanced in the past 30 years. Therefore, there is a crucial unmet need for novel therapies, especially for high grade/stage disease that can only be achieved by preclinical model systems that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. Animal models are essential elements in bladder cancer research to comprehensively study the multistep cascades of carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis. They allow for the investigation of premalignant phases of the disease that are not clinically encountered. They can be useful for identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for disease progression and for preclinical identification and validation of therapeutic targets/candidates, advancing translation of basic research to clinic. This review summarizes the latest advances in the currently available bladder cancer animal models, their translational potential, merits and demerits, and the prevalent tumor evaluation modalities. Thereby, findings from these model systems would provide valuable information that can help researchers and clinicians utilize the model that best answers their research questions.
Diabetes Adversely Affects Phospholipid Profiles in Human Carotid Artery Endarterectomy Plaques

Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of developing carotid artery stenosis and resultant stroke. Arachidonoyl phospholipids affect plaque inflammation and vulnerability, but whether diabetic patients have unique carotid artery phospholipidomic profiles is unknown. We performed a comprehensive paired analysis of phospholipids in extracranial carotid endarterectomy (CEA) plaques of matched diabetic and nondiabetic patients and analyzed mass spectrometry-derived profiles of three phospholipids, plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (pPE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI), in maximally (MAX) and minimally (MIN) diseased CEA segments. We also measured levels of arachidonic acid (AA), produced by pPE hydrolysis, and choline-ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (CEPT1), responsible for most pPE de novo biosynthesis. In paired analysis, MIN CEA segments had higher levels than MAX segments of pPE (P < 0.001), PS (P < 0.001), and PI (P < 0.03). MIN diabetic plaques contained higher levels than MAX diabetic plaques of arachidonoyl pPE38:4 and pPE38:5 and CEPT1 was upregulated in diabetic versus nondiabetic plaques. AA levels were relatively greater in MIN versus MAX segments of all CEA segments, and were higher in diabetic than nondiabetic plaques. Our findings suggest that arachidonoyl phospholipids are more likely to be abundant in the extracranial carotid artery plaque of diabetic rather than nondiabetic patients.
The arts at Facebook: An aesthetic infrastructure for surveillance capitalism

Abstract For almost a decade, Facebook has maintained two internal organizations to commission and create artworks for Facebook offices around the globe. This paper maps those enterprises, their organizational practices, and the aesthetics they promote. It then builds on recent work in the critical sociology of capitalism to make two cases: one, that the ways Facebook works with the arts marks a radical departure from traditional, industrial-era corporate collecting practices; and two, that Facebook’s arts initiatives mirror and help legitimate profit-seeking techniques particular to social media. Together, it concludes, these features give us a glimpse of the ways that surveillance-based for-profit media such as Facebook are creating new relationships between the arts, the corporation, and their respective publics.
Screening for Poverty and Poverty-Related Social Determinants of Health.

1. Rachel Stein Berman, MD, MPH*,† 2. Milani R. Patel, MD*,†,‡ 3. Peter F. Belamarich, MD*,† 4. Rachel S. Gross, MD, MS*,† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 2. †Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY 3. ‡Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY * Abbreviations: AAP: : American Academy of Pediatrics APA: : Academic Pediatric Association EITC: : Earned Income Tax Credit SNAP: : Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program WIC: : Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Pediatricians should screen for and address poverty and poverty-related social determinants of health because they have clear negative effects on children’s health and well-being. This task requires coordination of services beyond the medical home. Pediatricians may also advocate at local and federal levels to further serve patients living in poverty. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Define social determinants of health and understand their effect on children’s health. 2. Access tools to screen for poverty and poverty-related social determinants of health. 3. Describe evidence-based interventions that address poverty and poverty-related social determinants of health. 4. Outline government policies and programs for impoverished families for which pediatricians may advocate. A 13-year-old girl has an appointment with her pediatrician for follow-up of her asthma. She had gone to the emergency department 3 times in the 10 days before the appointment for cough and difficulty breathing. Each time, she was given nebulizer treatments, improved, and was discharged home. She was also treated with oral corticosteroids and azithromycin. Her symptoms have persisted up to the day of the appointment. Her mother reports complete compliance with her inhaled medications, oral corticosteroids, and antibiotic. On further questioning, her mother reports that she, the patient, and the patient’s younger brother are living in a shelter. …
Organelle Inheritance in Budding Yeast

Although a great deal of effort has been directed towards understanding the mechanism of replication and segregation of chromosomes during cell division, not much is known about organelle segregation. Inheritance of organelles is an important concern to the cell, since de novo synthesis does not appear to be a commonly used mechanism. Some important questions are: (1) What regulatory molecules are responsible for initiating the process of organelle inheritance? (2) How is maternally derived material targeted to the daughter cell? (3) If vesiculation and fusion are involved, do these mechanisms use the same types of molecules involved in other cellular fusion events such as protein trafficking in the secretory pathway?
Reader Expectations in Text Comprehension

Text comprehension is considered to be the product of the information in the text and of the reader's knowledge sources. These sources enable the reader to generate expectations about the information unfolding in a text. The present research deals with expectations supported by reader knowledge of causal coherence, of common real-world events, and of narrative problem solving episodes. The research suggests that comprehension measured by sentence reading times is facilitated when reader expectations match the evolving text.
Fluoropyruvate: An unusual substrate for Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase

Abstract The pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the E. coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the decomposition of 3-fluoropyruvate to acetate and fluoride ions in equimolar amounts and at about one-tenth the rate at which it catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate and ferricyanide to acetate and ferrocyanide. When the reaction is carried out in [3H]H2O the product is [3H]acetate. The reaction is strictly dependent upon added thiamin pyrophosphate, and a mechanistic role is proposed for this coenzyme.
The Science Program of the Hubble Space Telescope

Highlights of the science program to be carried out by the Hubble Space Telescope are reviewed. Some of the main scientific projects to be carried out by the General Observers (GOs) and the Guaranteed Time Observers (GTOs) during the early phases of the Space Telescope are discussed. The method and criteria for selecting science projects are also discussed.
Instability of Pipe Flow

The stability of axisymmetric disturbances In Hagen-Poiseuille (pipe) flow to infinitesimal non-axisymmetric perturbations is studied by numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. It is shown that, if the axisymmetric flow is allowed to evolve according to the Navier-Stokes equations, the non-axisymmetric instability is strong for Reynolds numbers R≳3000 but weak for R≲l000, the cut-off being due both to Increased decay of the axisymmetric flow and reduced growth of the nonaxlsymmetric perturbation. The non-axisymmetric instability can be isolated from the very fast axisymmetric decay if the axisymmetric flow is forced in such a way that its energy is maintained constant, but phase relations are allowed to develop. In this case, it Is found that the Reynolds number at which transition occurs in experiments, R≅2000, delimits the regions of inviscid (I.e. R-Independent) growth and viscositydominated decay.
The Nine-Banded Armadillo

Order Edentata (Xenarthra), the “toothless” mammals, consists of only three families: armadillos, sloths, and anteaters. Edentata flourished in the Lower Tertiary Age (30 MYA), but only these three genera have survived. Until recently, there were a number of species with and without teeth that were confined to South America. In the last century, they have spread to the warm areas of Central America, Mexico, and the southeastern United States.
Pygmalion at 50: Harnessing Its Power and Application in Schooling.

This special issue marks the 50th anniversary of the landmark Pygmalion experiment (Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968). It offers contributions from across the globe, attesting to universal features of te...
Economic Evaluation of Health Care for Chronic Diseases

The economic evaluation of health care services for chronic disease is an imperative borned of the fact that resources are finite; that technologic capacity and the public’s demand for them have increased, and that choices are inevitable and difficult. Economic evaluation is an explicit and quantitative technique to provide qualitative assistance to those who must decide among competing uses of resources in situations of uncertainty. The forms of economic evaluation, cost of illness, cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit and cost-utility analyses are defined.
Cross-Polarization Discrimination and Port-to-Port Isolation Enhancement of Dual-Polarized Antenna Structures Enabling Polarization MIMO

This letter presents port-to-port isolation and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) enhancement techniques for dual-polarized (DP) antenna topologies. Both port-to-port isolation and XPD of DP-antenna degrade due to unwanted cross-coupling signals from one port to another port. Since high port-to-port isolation and XPD are imperative for realization of DP multiple-input–multiple-output (DP-MIMO), the proposed antiphase excitation scheme enabling undesired cross-coupling cancellation for DP-antenna element and array presents significant promise for the implementation. The fabricated differential DP-antenna designed for 57–71 GHz frequency bands exhibits more than 30 dB of port-to-port isolation over 8 GHz of bandwidth and also demonstrates up to 36 dB of XPD with >25 dB over the whole bandwidth. The modulated transmitter (TX) signal measurements on the proposed differential DP-antenna integrated TX exhibits on average less than 1 dB of error-vector-magnitude degradation in comparison with the single-polarized case, which proves the benefits of the proposed isolation enhancement technique for DP-MIMO.
Ocean acidification: synergistic inhibitory effects of protons and heavy metals on 45 Ca uptake by lobster branchiostegite membrane vesicles.

Previous work with isolated outer membrane vesicles of lobster branchiostegite epithelial cells has shown that 45Ca2+ uptake by these structures is significantly (p 0.05), suggesting competitive inhibition between 45Ca2+ and Zn2+ influxes. Analysis of the relative inhibitory effects of increased proton or heavy metal interaction with 45Ca2+ uptake suggests that divalent metals may reduce the calcium transport about twice as much as a drop in pH, but together, they appear to abolish carrier-mediated transport.
Improving nature of science instruction in elementary classes with modified science trade books and educative curriculum materials

This chapter describes a strategy for teaching about nature of science (NOS) in elementary grades through read-alouds with science trade books that have been modified to include explicit references to NOS. Teaching NOS has historically been difficult for teachers across grade levels. Research shows that even secondary teachers with a strong science background, an informed understanding of NOS, and the desire to teach NOS still struggle with effectively teaching NOS in their classrooms (Wahbeh and Abd-El-Khalick 2014). This issue is compounded for instructors at the elementary level because these teachers typically do not have adequate, let alone robust, science content knowledge and are not science specialists (Banilower et al. 2013). Still, it is especially important that NOS is addressed in elementary grades because by the time students reach the older grades, they will already have developed naive NOS views (see Abd-El-Khalick and Lederman 2000; Lederman 1992; and Lederman and Lederman 2014 for reviews). In the absence of explicit NOS instruction, naive conceptions of NOS are learned incidentally through representations of NOS in textbooks (Abd-El-Khalick et al. 2008) and trade books (Brunner and Abd-El-Khalick 2017), language use in science classes (Lemke 1990), and even popular media (Aikenhead 1988; Walls 2012). Thus, there is a need for strategies that help elementary teachers develop more informed views of NOS, as well as supporting them in implementing effective NOS teaching practices.
Study on effect of clinical pathway implementation in advanced schistosomiasis with ascites

Objective To evaluate the effect of clinical pathway (CP) on the implementation of advanced schistosomiasis patients with ascites. Methods Totally 1 129 cases of advanced schistosomiasis patients with ascites but without other complications were selected randomly from the Performance Evaluation and Management System for Medical Treatment of Advanced Schistosomiasis Patients in Hubei Province from year 2011 to 2013. Among the patients, 754 cases were treated by CP (CP group), and 375 cases were treated with traditional methods (NCP group), and the hospitalization days, hospitalization expenses, medicine proportions, treatment outcomes and degrees of satisfaction and health knowledge rates of the two groups were compared. Meanwhile, the variation of CP was calculated. Results The average length of hospital days of the CP group and NCP group were (13.85 ± 5.60) d and (17.92 ± 5.80) d, respectively, and the average hospitalization costs of the two groups were (4 699.14 ± 1 520.59) Yuan and (5 692.01 ± 1 616.66) Yuan, respectively, both the differences were statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05). Also the hospitalization cost structures of the two groups were remarkably different, the composition ratios of the inspection fee and accommodation fee in the CP group were lower than those in the NCP group, but the constituent ratios of the examination fee, diagnosis and treatment fee, drug charges and other expenses were higher than those in the NCP group (all P 0.05). The variation rate of CP was 9.02% (68/754). Conclusions The implementation of CP can decrease the days of hospital stay and medical expenses, improve the awareness rate on health knowledge of the patients. The CP treatment with low variation rate is applicable to advanced schistosomiasis patients with ascites but without complications.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Patterns of Health Professionals Toward Medical and Non-medical Stimulant Use by Young Adults.

BACKGROUND The role of family physicians (FPs) and college health professionals (CHPs) in stimulant treatment and nonmedical use of stimulants is not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the current practices, concerns, needs, beliefs, barriers, and facilitators to appropriate pharmacological treatment of teens and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prevention of nonmedical use and diversion. METHODS A cross-sectional survey developed by the project team and experts in the field, delivered to national sample of FPs and CHPs. RESULTS A total of 794 completed surveys were analyzed. The average age of respondents was 51.6 ± 10.3 years; 50.6% of the respondents were female. The majority of CHPs (80.6%) reported they spend 75% to 100% of their time with patients age 17 to 24 years and 74.0% of FPs reported they spend less than 25% of their time with this age group. The majority (91.7%) of the respondents indicated that untreated ADHD affects quality of life, and 76.4% indicated untreated ADHD is often associated with risky behaviors. More CHPs than FPs always refer out for ADHD diagnosis (70.7% vs 52.1%; P < .001). Most respondents (81.2%) were concerned with ADHD medication diversion, and 84.2% believed that diversion or abuse is a problem overall. Respondents indicated they are unprepared to provide patient education on decisions about pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy choices for adult ADHD. CONCLUSION There is an opportunity to enhance safety and effectiveness of ADHD management in young adults. Additional resources and interventions are needed to improve medication management, reduce misuse, and ensure safe and appropriate use of stimulants.
Generalized unnormalized optimal transport and its fast algorithms

Abstract We introduce fast algorithms for generalized unnormalized optimal transport. To handle densities with different total mass, we consider a dynamic model, which mixes the L p optimal transport with L p distance. For p = 1 , we derive the corresponding L 1 generalized unnormalized Kantorovich formula. We further show that the problem becomes a simple L 1 minimization which is solved efficiently by a primal-dual algorithm. For p = 2 , we derive the L 2 generalized unnormalized Kantorovich formula, a new unnormalized Monge problem and the corresponding Monge-Ampere equation. Furthermore, we introduce a new unconstrained optimization formulation of the problem. The associated gradient flow is essentially related to an elliptic equation which can be solved efficiently. Here the proposed gradient descent procedure together with the Nesterov acceleration involves the Hamilton-Jacobi equation arising from the KKT conditions. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Abstract 183: Time to Alteplase and Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Complication Rates

Background/Objective: The American Heart Association’s Target Stroke initiative focuses on reducing door-to-needle time for faster treatment with Alteplase and improved patient outcomes. The concer...
Minimally invasive open dismembered pyeloplasty

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive open dismembered pyeloplasty for pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in children.Methods A retrospective review of the consecutive minimally invasive open dismembered pyeloplasties in the previous year was performed.Fifty-seven patients underwent the operation using an open flank incision.Posterior subcostal muscle splitting approach was utilized.The mean incision was 1.7 cm long (range:1.5 to 2 cm).The last 14 patients under 3 years of age had incisions of 1.5 cm.The average age at the age Of surgery was 1.6 years (range:18 days to 7.6 years.The mean operative time was 63 minutes (range:55 to 75 min).The estimated blood loss was less than 5 mL.Results All patients were discharged within 5 days.The renal appearance and function improved post-operatively.Conclusions The minimally invasive approach to open dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe and effective treatment choice for PUJO in children. Key words: Surgical procedures,minimally invasive; Pyeloplasty; Pelviureteric junction obstrulction
Plant Biosystems Design for a Carbon-Neutral Bioeconomy

Our society faces multiple daunting challenges including finding sustainable solutions towards climate change mitigation; efficient production of food, biofuels, and biomaterials; maximizing land-use efficiency; and enabling a sustainable bioeconomy. Plants can provide environmentally and economically sustainable solutions to these challenges due to their inherent capabilities for photosynthetic capture of atmospheric CO2, allocation of carbon to various organs and partitioning into various chemical forms, including contributions to total soil carbon. In order to enhance crop productivity and optimize chemistry simultaneously in the above- and belowground plant tissues, transformative biosystems design strategies are needed. Concerted research efforts will be required for accelerating the development of plant cultivars, genotypes, or varieties that are cooptimized in the contexts of biomass-derived fuels and/or materials aboveground and enhanced carbon sequestration belowground. Here, we briefly discuss significant knowledge gaps in our process understanding and the potential of synthetic biology in enabling advancements along the fundamental to applied research arc. Ultimately, a convergence of perspectives from academic, industrial, government, and consumer sectors will be needed to realize the potential merits of plant biosystems design for a carbon neutral bioeconomy.
CellOS: Zero-touch Softwarized Open Cellular Networks

Abstract Current cellular networks rely on closed and inflexible infrastructure tightly controlled by a handful of vendors. Their configuration requires vendor support and lengthy manual operations, which prevent Telco Operators (TOs) from unlocking the full network potential and from performing fine grained performance optimization, especially on a per-user basis. To address these key issues, this paper introduces CellOS, a fully automated optimization and management framework for cellular networks that requires negligible intervention (“zero-touch”). CellOS leverages softwarization and automatic optimization principles to bridge Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and cross-layer optimization. Unlike state-of-the-art SDN-inspired solutions for cellular networking, CellOS: (i) Hides low-level network details through a general virtual network abstraction; (ii) allows TOs to define high-level control objectives to dictate the desired network behavior without requiring knowledge of optimization techniques, and (iii) automatically generates and executes distributed control programs for simultaneous optimization of heterogeneous control objectives on multiple network slices. CellOS has been implemented and evaluated on an indoor testbed with two different LTE-compliant implementations: OpenAirInterface and srsLTE. We further demonstrated CellOS capabilities on the long-range outdoor POWDER-RENEW PAWR 5G platform. Results from scenarios with multiple base stations and users show that CellOS is platform-independent and self-adapts to diverse network deployments. Our investigation shows that CellOS outperforms existing solutions on key metrics, including throughput (up to 86% improvement), energy efficiency (up to 84%) and fairness (up to 29%).
Deployment of Multiple Computing Systems in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks(UWSNs) have emerged as a promising technology that is used to monitor underwater environment. Applications of UWSNs are numerous such as oil and gas pipeline monitoring, underwater animal detection, and object of interest detection. Automated Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have been used to monitor underwater environment [13]. One of the significant challenges of AUVs usage is that it does not meet real-time constraints [15]. Researchers in [1] developed a real-time computing system that can collect, process, and transmit data to a gateway in real-time using a single processing node (computer). Nevertheless, a single computer cannot handle the whole load; Resources and equipment in general are limited. Thus, in this paper, we propose two approaches/algorithms that can group master nodes in the network into groups and allocate a computer for each group. In the first algorithm, we cluster master nodes using bottom-up approach. The process of assigning master nodes, in this approach, to groups is based on the communication range. In the second algorithm, nodes are deployed not only homogeneously but also heterogeneously. We add more constraints in order to make our assumptions are closer to real life. In result section, we provide some insights about our experiments. Simulation results show the merit of our proposed approaches.
Scoping study of detecting high harmonic fast waves in NSTX-U hot core plasma directly using beam emission spectroscopy.

In this paper, we used radio frequency (RF) full wave simulation to explore the feasibility of generating a density beat oscillation formed by high harmonic fast waves (HHFWs) in the National Spherical Tokamak Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U) and of measuring it numerically with 2D beam emission spectroscopy (BES). This oscillation is of interest as it can be used to determine the injected RF fields. We began by computing HHFW fields in NSTX-U under a variety of experimental conditions and antenna configurations with Petra-M, a 3D RF wavefield solver. These fields were then used to evaluate the amplitude of δne,beat/ne0 in the volume of measurement, which we predict to be between 5 × 10−10 and 10−9, although it is highly dependent on plasma parameters. Trends in magnetic field, core temperature, core density, and antenna phasing are presented, and the parameters most suitable to this measurement are identified. Finally, we developed a synthetic BES diagnostic to compare the experimental BES signal against.
Paired Optic Nerve Microvasculature and Nailfold Capillary Measurements in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose To assess microvascular beds in the optic nerve head (ONH), peripapillary tissue, and the nailfold in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) versus controls. Methods Patients with POAG (n = 22) and controls (n = 12) underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography of ophthalmic microvasculature and nailfold video capillaroscopy of the hand. The main outcomes were vessel density (VD) and blood flow of the ONH, the peripapillary and the nailfold microvasculatures. Results Patients with POAG were younger than controls (63.5 ± 9.4 vs. 69.9 ± 6.5 years, P = 0.03). Deep ONH VD and blood flow were lower in patients with POAG than controls (39.1% ± 3.5% vs. 43.8% ± 5.7%; 37.8% ± 5.3% vs. 46.0% ± 7.8%, respectively, P < 0.02 for both); similar results were observed with peripapillary VD (37.9 ± 2.6%, 43.4 ± 7.6%, respectively, P = 0.03). Nailfold capillary density and blood flow were lower in patients with POAG than controls (8.8 ± 1.0 vs. 9.8 ± 0.9 capillaries/mm; 19.9 ± 9.4 vs. 33.7 ± 9.8 pL/s, respectively; P < 0.009 for both). After adjusting for age and gender, deep ONH VD and blood flow, peripapillary VD, and nailfold capillary blood flow were lower in POAG than controls (β = -0.04, -0.07, -0.05, -13.19, respectively, P ≤ 0.046 for all). Among all participants, there were positive correlations between deep ONH and nailfold capillary blood flow (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.42, P = 0.02), peripapillary and nailfold capillary density (r = 0.43, P = 0.03), and peripapillary and nailfold capillary blood flow (r = 0.49, P = 0.01). Conclusions Patients with POAG demonstrated morphologic and hemodynamic alterations in both ophthalmic and nailfold microvascular beds compared to controls. Translational Relevance The concomitant abnormalities in nailfold capillaries and relevant ocular vascular beds in POAG suggest that the microvasculature may be a target for POAG treatment.
desAIner: Exploring the Use of ”Bad” Generative Adversarial Networks in the Ideation Process of Fashion Design

desAIner is a creativity support tool able to assist a fashion designer in the ideation process of creating clothing through the use of a ”bad” Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). After training the GAN on a relatively small number of diverse high fashion images from popular designers’ clothing collections, the tool generates a latent space of surreal visual representations and combinations of these fashion images for designers to explore and generate fresh ideas. Using this tool, we conducted interviews with two fashion designers who used the tool and discussed how these ”bad” GANs can help them turn the creative task of designing novel clothing into a more effortless and efficient task by presenting surreal visual stimuli to incite inspiration.
Multigenerational benign familial neonatal seizures with inadequate clinical response to levetiracetam

Benign familial neonatal seizures is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures beginning in the first three days of life. There have been two variants identified with defects in potassium channels, KCNQ2 and KCNQ3. We present a case of a 2-day-old male admitted with seizures. Upon obtaining a family medical history, it was discovered that there was a multigenerational history of neonatal seizures on the paternal side beginning at 3 days of life. The child underwent a full sepsis workup, magnetic resonance imaging, and interictal electroencephalography. He was discharged on levetiracetam at the parent’s request for a non-sedating medication, only to be re-admitted 36 hr later for continued seizures. He was eventually well controlled on phenobarbital, suggesting that levetiracetam may not be the optimal treatment for this condition.
DNA-dependent RNA-polymerases from Artemia embryos. characterization of polymerases I and II from nauplius larvae.

Abstract Partial purification and characterization of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerases from nauplius larvae of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina , are described. Fractionation of solubilized RNA-polymerases on columns of DEAE-cellulose yielded partially purified preparations of RNA polymerases I and II. The properties of these enzymes were found to be similar to properties of corresponding enzymes from other animal sources. A significant change in the relative amounts of polymerases I and II occurs between 36 and 72 hr of development. Polymerase activity obtained from 36-hr nauplii consisted of approximately equal amounts of polymerases I and II, whereas polymerase II accounted for more than 80% of the activity recovered from 72-hr nauplii. Total polymerase activity was lower at 72 than at 36 hr. The significance of these changes in relation to the decrease in RNA synthesis in vivo that occurs after 36 hr is discussed.
Interacting on a video‐mediated stage: The collaborative construction of an interactional video setting

Purpose – To explore the relevance of Goffman's theatrical metaphor to describe video‐mediated interactions.Design/methodology/approach – Grounded in four waves of observational data of MBA students interacting by videoconference in the context of a distributed course between Europe and Asia, with the students working in virtual teams on a consulting project.Findings – People in video‐mediated contexts adjust and evolve the well‐established routines we have developed for interacting in everyday communication in order to build a “stage” for interaction. The stage does not only refer to a spatial frame of reference, but that it also refers to a shared social context, a ”place” that participants collaboratively construct.Research limitations/implications – The paper is based on observations of MBA students, and not teams of professionals in an organization.Practical implications – The observations suggest that although people often blame the technology for frustrating or negative experiences and hoping for t...
Neutrophil‐lymphocyte and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio as predictors of disease specific survival after resection of adrenocortical carcinoma

Background The systemic inflammatory response may be associated with tumor progression. We sought to analyze the impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) among patients who underwent surgery for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).
Systemic Tropheryma whippleii infection associated with monoclonal B-cell proliferation: a Helicobacter pylori-type pathogenesis?

Abstract We report a case of Whipple disease in a 55-year-old woman who presented with arthralgia, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. Tropheryma whippleii bacilli were identified in the mesenteric lymph nodes by diastase-resistant periodic acid–Schiff stain and confirmed by electron microscopy. Retrospectively, previous biopsy specimens from the duodenum and right axillary lymph node of this patient, which were initially considered to demonstrate reactive changes, also showed features consistent with involvement by Whipple disease. At the time of presentation, a large κ-restricted monoclonal B-cell population with the phenotype CD20+CD19+CD5−CD10− was identified in the patient's peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow by flow cytometry study. The monoclonality of the mesenteric lymph node B cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical stain for κ chain after antigen retrieval and also by polymerase chain reaction with the primer set targeting FR2-VH. Routine cytogenetic study failed to reveal any chro...
Detection and Characterization of Defective Mycoplasmacidal Antibody Produced by Rodents Against Mycoplasma arthritidis

A procedure has been developed for the detection of mycoplasmacidal antibody in the serum of rats and mice infected with Mycoplasma arthritidis. Antibody activity can apparently be measured only by using resting mycoplasma cells. The reaction is complement dependent and is usually complete within 3 h. Early antibody (5 days) could be detected only within the immunoglobulin (Ig)M fraction, whereas late antibody (42 days) is found within the IgG fraction. The mycoplasmacidal antibody was highly specific and cross reactions were not observed with other mycoplasma species. Antibody activity could be removed from serum by absorption with either viable or nonviable M. arthritidis. Cidal antibody produced by rats against other mycoplasma species was active against both resting and multiplying cells. Mycoplasmacidal antibody against M. arthritidis was detected in rats 2 days after injection of the organisms and persisted at least through 300 days. Mice usually developed antibodies by 3 days after injection of the organisms and moderate titers have been observed for as long as 487 days. Since viable mycoplasmas can persist in the peripheral circulation in the presence of antibody, it is likely that viable mycoplasma-antibody complexes are also present.
Statistical conclusion validity in experimental designs used in business research

Abstract This article is intended as a tutorial on the use of experimental design methodology in business research. In particular, the issue of statistical conclusion validity is considered. Several recently published reports that have used experimental methodology are discussed in detail. Each report illustrates serious errors in the match between the statistical analysis and the research design. A more reasonable design and analysis are suggested for each case. The paper concludes by offering some guidelines for the evaluation of experimental results and for the training of future researchers.
Hydroxyl Radical Adducts to Pyridine. The Generation and Properties of the Elusive N-Hydroxypyridyl Radical

The elusive N-hydroxypyridyl radical 1 has been generated transiently in the gas phase by collisional neutralization of the stable cation 1+. The radical underwent extensive dissociation by specific losses of H, OH, and ring-cleavage reactions, as elucidated by neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry aided by deuterium labeling. Effective QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p) and combined Moller−Plesset and density functional theory calculations indicated that loss of OH from 1 was 49 kJ mol-1 exothermic and proceeded on the potential energy surface of the ground doublet electronic state of the radical. The loss of H and ring-cleavage dissociations were initiated by the formation of excited electronic states in 1 that provided the internal energy for these endothermic reactions. OH radical addition to pyridine was predicted by transition-state theory calculations to occur mainly (82%) in the C-3 and C-5 positions. Hydrogen atom addition to pyridine-N-oxide (2) was predicted to occur selectively at the oxygen ato...
Volatile abundances in submarine glasses from the North Fiji and Lau back-arc basins

Abstract Glasses from submarine lavas of the North Fiji and Lau back-arc basins were analyzed by high-temperature mass spectrometry for volatiles. Abundances for H2O, Cl, F,S and CO2 in glasses ranging in composition from depleted, primitive MORB to enriched, transitional tholeiites are reported. The samples divide into three groups based on K2O vs. H2O, Ba/Zr vs. H2O and K2O/H2O vs. P2O5/H2O variation diagrams. At similar Mg#, the least evolved samples studied are nearly identical to N-type MORB in H2O abundances but show Cl contents enriched by a factor of 5. More enriched samples, classified as back-arc basin basalts (BABB) on the basis of major/trace elements and isotopes, are not as hydrous (at similar Mg#) as those from the Mariana and East Scotia Sea back-arc basins. The data indicate that not all back-arc basins erupt lavas with the distinct volatile and other elemental characteristics of lavas from the Mariana Trough and Scotia Sea.
Protein separations on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography minicolumns

The resolution of cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin on reversed-phase columns under gradient elution conditions was found to be constant or to improve as column length was decreased from 45 to 6.3 mm. The resolution remained constant even when the column length decreased to 1.6 mm. Recovery of protein in the first gradient cycle was improved by the use of short columns.
CFD Simulations of Low Liquid Loading Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Pipelines

Low Liquid Loading is a very common occurrence in wet gas pipelines where very small amounts of liquid flow along with the gas, mainly due to condensation of hydrocarbon gases and water vapor. The effects of low liquid loading on different flow characteristics, and flow assurance issues such as pipe corrosion prove the necessity of analyzing the flow behavior in more depth. In this study, CFD simulations are conducted for a horizontal pipe where liquid and gas are supplied at separate constant rates at the inlet. The liquid is introduced at the bottom to help shorten the developing section. The simulations are conducted with Ansys Fluent v14.5 using Volume Of Fluid (VOF) as the multiphase model. The analysis targets, mainly, the shape of the interface, velocity fields in both liquid and gas phases, liquid holdup, and shear stress profile. On the other hand, experiments are conducted in a 6-inch ID low liquid loading facility with similar testing condition. Experiments are conducted with water or oil as the liquid phase for a liquid volume fraction range of 0.0005–0.0020 of the inlet stream. For all cases, several flow parameters are measured including liquid holdup and interface wave characteristics. A comparison is conducted between CFD simulation results, model predictions, and experimental results, and a discussion of the sources of discrepancy is presented. Overall, the results help understand the low liquid loading flow phenomenon.Copyright © 2014 by ASME