cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dust in the wind: How climate variables and volcanic dust affect rates of tooth wear in central american howling monkeys

Objectives: Two factors have been considered important contributors to tooth wear: dietary abrasives in plant foods themselves and mineral particles adhering to ingested food. Each factor limits the functional life of teeth. Cross-population studies of wear rates in a single species living in different habitats may point to the relative contributions of each factor. Materials and Methods: We examine macroscopic dental wear in populations of Alouatta palliata (Gray, 1849) from Costa Rica (115 specimens), Panama (19), and Nicaragua (56). The sites differ in mean annual precipitation, with the Panamanian sites receiving more than twice the precipitation of those in Costa Rica or Nicaragua (3,500 mm vs. 1,500 mm). Additionally, many of the Nicaraguan specimens were collected downwind of active plinian volcanoes. Molar wear is expressed as the ratio of exposed dentin area to tooth area; premolar wear was scored using a ranking system. Results: Despite substantial variation in environmental variables and the added presence of ash in some environments, molar wear rates do not differ signif icantly among the populations. Premolar wear, however, is greater in individuals collected downwind from active volcanoes compared with those living in environments that did not experience ash-fall. Discussion: Volcanic ash seems to be an important contributor to anterior tooth wear but less so in molar wear. That wear is not found uniformly across the tooth row may be related to malformation in the premolars due to fluorosis. A surge of fluoride accompanying the volcanic ash may differentially affect the premolars as the molars fully mineralize early in the life of Alouatta. Am J Phys Anthropol 000:000‐000, 2015. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of the Phakomatoses in Children

The phakomatoses, or neurocutaneous syndromes, are a group of disorders affecting structures of ectodermal origin
An ideal theoretic approach for classifying high rate convolutional codes

The authors discuss finite input convolutional codes, their corresponding properties, and some differences between these codes and infinite input convolutional codes. They also give an algebraic description of all rate n-1/n finite input convolutional codes of McMillan degree /spl les//spl alpha/ where /spl alpha/ is any positive integer. >
Failure sensitive residual generators for reconfigurable control systems

This paper presents a new scheme of generating residuals for use with reconfigurable control systems, where speed and resolution of failure detection are of paramount importance. The scheme employs parity checks which are performed on a set of filtered measurements. The main challenge lies in the need to simultaneously design a filter gain and a parity vector. A means of measuring the performance is established, based on which an iterative design procedure is developed. Performance comparison with the standard parity space approach is made with regard to disturbance rejection, failure sensitization, and processing requirement reduction. >
Managing Runoff Water Quality from Recently Manured, Furrow-Irrigated Fields

Nutrient losses in furrow irrigation runoff potentially increase when soils are amended with manure. We evaluated the effect of tillage, water soluble polyacrylamide (WSPAM) and irrigation management on runoff water quality during the first furrow irrigation on a calcareous silt loam soil, which had received 45 Mg/ha (dry wt.) dairy manure applied in the fall. In Exp. 1 the amended soil was rototilled and irrigated that fall; furrow inflows were either treated with 10 mg/L WSPAM injected into furrow inflows only during furrow advance (Fall-WSPAM), or were untreated (Fall-Control). In Exp. 2 the first irrigation on the amended soil was delayed until the following spring and treatments included rototilled WSPAM (Spring-WSPAM) and untreated rototilled (Spring-Control), or moldboard-plowed soils (Spring-Moldboard). Exp. 3 also delayed irrigation until spring and compared conventional vs. buried lateral furrow irrigation systems. We measured sediment, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NO3-N, NH4-N, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) concentrations in irrigation furrow runoff. Runoff mass losses from Fall-Control furrows were relatively large: sediment, 4505 kg/ha; DOC, 10.7 kg/ha; NO3-N, 28.1 g/ha; NH4-N, 68.1 g/ha; DRP, 132 g/ha; and TP, 3381 g/ha. Delaying the first irrigation until spring or treating the fall irrigation with WSPAM reduced runoff component losses 80 to 100% relative to Fall-Controls. The Spring moldboard plow reduced runoff DRP mass losses 58% compared to spring rototill (Spring-Control). The buried lateral furrow system decreased runoff losses for sediment 89%, DOC 90%, and TP 82% relative to conventional irrigation. Results from this research demonstrate that several types of management approaches may be successfully employed to substantially reduce offsite nutrient transport during the first irrigation on manured, furrow-irrigated fields.
Treating depression and anxiety in the primary care setting.

To explore the challenges and key policy issues of three areas of mental health treatment that have experienced promising advances in recent years, Health Affairs commissioned the following three Perspectives. The subjects include depression and anxiety treatment in the primary care setting, psychiatric pharmacology and psychiatric rehabilitation.
Strategies for serving select populations: Issues and perspectives

Educational services to seven select populations have been described in preceding chapters. This chapter summarizes these programs, notes the similarities and diflerences, and identifies what can be applied to other select populations. It concludes by describing three managerial strategies for decision making, planning, and marketing.
Effect of Gamma Irradiated Avian Semen on Reproductive Performance

Abstract Genetic variations are the phenomenon that make improvement through selective breeding possible. These genetic variations are brought about by various gene combinations and by mutations. According to to Hutt (1949), a mutation is a sudden change in a gene or in the chromosomes resulting in a new variation that is hereditary. Muller (1927) was the first to show that mutations could be caused in Drosphila by X-ray irradiation. It is the consensus of opinion that most mutations that occur naturally are produced by irradiation, and it has also been found that the rate of mutations is increased by the use of irradiation. Lowry et al. (1960) propagated a line of White Leghorn for a period of eight years from semen that had been irradiated by X-ray and found the genetic variation appeared to be greater in the treated line than in the controls for egg production as well as for…
The Importance of Being Right: Handedness and Brain Asymmetry: The Right Shift Theory. M. Annett. 2002. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press. 396 pp., $80.00

Marian Annett's recent book on handedness and cerebral dominance was published a dozen years after Efron's (1990) declaration that the era of hemispheric specialization had ended. Why did that era not end for Annett? One answer is that Annett's work differed from that of the majority of laterality researchers. Even during the heyday of laterality studies, Annett remained aloof from the mainstream endeavor of characterizing left- and right-hemisphere functions. Instead, Annett pursued a line of laterality research that dealt primarily with handedness in the general population. She accumulated large quantities of data about human handedness and used those data to support her right-shift (RS) theory of the genetics of handedness. With the publication of her new book, the interested reader has convenient access to the fruits of a remarkably focused and durable research career.
The Effects of Communication Media a Conflict on Team Identification in Diverse Teams

This paper explores the effects of communication media and conflict on team identification in diverse teams. Communicating either face-to-face (FTF) or via computer-mediated communication (CMC), participants performed a simulated foundation activity in 4-person teams that were diverse in terms of both social category and informational diversity. Results indicate that CMC teams had lower team identification than FTF teams. However, communication media moderated the relationship between conflict and team identification such that conflict had a negative effect on team identification in diverse FTF teams but had no effect on team identification in diverse CMC teams. These findings suggest that CMC can help diverse teams manage their intragroup conflict by attenuating the negative effect of conflict on team identification, making CMC an effective medium for decision-making in diverse teams.
Maturation of the Reproductive System in Male Rats Raised at a Low Ambient Temperature

Beginning on Day 2 (day of birth = Day 1) ratswere raisedeitherin a cold room maintained at 10#{176}C or at 22#{176}C, under identical lighting regimens (LD 12:12). Litters had identical compositions (4 males and 4 females). All animals were weaned and separated by sex on day 25. Groups of males were decapitated on Days 28, 35, 43, 49, 54,60,65, 75 and 90. Serum concentrations of LH, FSH and total androgens were determined by radioimmunoassay. Wet weights of seminal vesicles, prostates and testes were determined and the testes examined histologically for the presence of sperm. Serum FSH showed no differences as a function of temperature. Values in both environments were elevated (approximately 1350 ng/ml) between Days 35 and 60 compared to the other times examined (approximately 1000 ng/ml). Serum LH was elevated(>45 ng/mI) on Days 28 and 35 in control animals and on Days 35, 43 and 49 in cold-raisedrats. At other times LH was depressed (<35 ng/ml). Total serum androgens showed no pattern.Relativetesticularweight was maximal between Days 43 and 54 in control animals and between Days 49 and 60 incold exposed animals. Mature sperm were found in 46.0 ± 6.78 percent of the seminiferous tubules of control animals on Day 35 and in 98.0 ± 2.0 percent of the tubules on Day 43. In cold-raised animals 18.0 ± 7.35 percent of the tubules contained sperm on Day 35 and 73.3 ± 7.15 percent on Day 43. Accessory organ growth rate seemed to increase between Day 43 and 49 in control animals but not until between Day 49 and 54 in cold exposed rats. Low ambient temperature thus appeared to delay sexual maturation in the male rat. This delay may be the result of a delay in the appearance of an LH “surge” or by a depression in prolactin or a change in some other as yet unidentified hormone.
Bright Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets

Bright light-emitting diodes based on solution-processable organometal halide perovskite nanoplatelets are demonstrated. The nanoplatelets created using a facile one-pot synthesis exhibit narrow-band emissions at 529 nm and quantum yield up to 85%. Using these nanoparticles as emitters, efficient electroluminescence is achieved with a brightness of 10 590 cd m(-2) . These ligand-capped nanoplatelets appear to be quite stable in moisture, allowing out-of-glovebox device fabrication.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Clinical Pharmacy Perspective on an Emerging Cancer Therapy

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine highly specific monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic drugs. Their synergy allows for targeted delivery of toxic drugs to cancer cells while sparing systemic exposure. In this review, we focus on the history and clinical applications of ADCs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancer and highlight new ADCs in the drug development pipeline. Three ADCs have received FDA approval thus far. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, although withdrawn from the U.S. market, may still be an effective treatment modality in subsets of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Brentuximab vedotin and ado-trastuzumab emtansine have shown improved efficacy and safety data compared with standard chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced lymphoma and breast cancer, respectively. With a number of ADCs with promising preliminary data in the clinical trial pipeline, cancer therapy is moving forward from traditional chemotherapy to targeted treatment modalities driven by the specificity of monoclonal antibodies and advancing biotechnology.
Hereditary Disorders of the Lymphatic System and Varicose Veins

Lymphatics are thin-walled vessels that carry a protein-rich fluid from the periphery back to the central circulation. As in the systemic venous system, unidirectional flow is assisted by valves throughout lymphatics of all calibers. Lymphatics draining the legs, pelvis, and abdomen merge into the cisterna chyli, which passes with the aorta through the diaphragm and becomes the thoracic duct. Lymphatics comprising the left jugular, subclavian, and mediastinal trunks usually join the thoracic duct as it loops over the left subclavian artery and drain into the left innominate vein. Lymphatic drainage of the right subclavian, jugular, and mediastinal trunks usually merges into a right lymphatic duct, which opens into the right innominate vein. However, any of the trunks may open independently into the great veins. Arranged periodically along lymphatic trunks are lymph nodes, comprising a stroma packed with cells of the immune system, which serve as filters of the lymphatic fluid.
Axial imaging necessitates loss of lateral shift invariance

We conjecture that the lateral shift invariance of an imaging system must be limited if axial imaging capability is desired. We develop shift invariance and depth resolution metrics and demonstrate the trade-off in simple representative systems.
Using technology and engineering to facilitate skill acquisition and improvements in performance

To improve performance and facilitate sport-specific skill acquisition, the challenges encountered by the athlete during competition must be understood. Quantitative evidence used to design and mot...
Musical Scales and the Generalized Circle of Fifths

(1986). Musical Scales and the Generalized Circle of Fifths. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 9, pp. 695-701.
Studies on the Poisonous Products of Edible Oil and Fate III.

The present report deals with the results of studies performed in consequence of the previous report to investigate the mechanism of rancid change and toxicity of waste oil. Samples of waste oil and of the noodle fried with its oil were exposed to the sun light for various periods of time. In addition, samples of the waste oil stored for 2 months at room temperature and the noodle fried with it were exposed to the sun light for various periods of time. The noodle samples were extracted with n-hexane after the exposures. The acid and peroxide values of those oil samples were determined to characterize the toxic substance. The acid values for the waste oil and the stored waste oil were 8 and 12 after the exposure for 600 hours. The acid values for the extracts of the noodle fried with the waste oil or the stored waste oil were 12 and 22 after the exposure of the noodle for 600 hours. The peroxide values for the extracts were 260 and 549 after the exposure of the noodle for 300 hours. The toxicities of the waste oil with or without storing and the extracts of the noodle were determined by peroral administration into mice. The toxicity was stronger in the extracts of the noodle than the waste oil. An acute catarrhal entertis in mice was observed from the results of pathological anatomy on the effect of these toxicities.
Abstract 208: Impact of Symptoms and Degree of Valvular Regurgitation on Patient-perceived Health Status in Patients With Aortic Regurgitation

Background: Patients (pts) with severe aortic regurgitation (AI) often present with symptoms of shortness of breath (SOB) or heart failure (HF); however, the effect of these symptoms and severity of aortic regurgitation on patient-perceived health status is unknown. Methods: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) data were collected using tablet computers from pts presenting for routine outpatient cardiovascular assessment between 6/1/2011 and 8/31/2012 who also underwent echocardiography within 90 days. Pts with other valvular lesions (including aortic stenosis) moderate or greater in severity, congenital heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pericarditis or constriction, cardiac amyloid, sarcoid, restrictive cardiomyopathy, or pulmonary hypertension were excluded. Demographic, clinical, historical, and echocardiographic data was collected as per routine. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of this information and valve lesion severity with KCCQ summary score (SS). Results: 590 pts [age 61.9±13.8 years, 363 (61.5%) men, 132 (22%) with prior aortic valve surgery] were identified; 452 with mild, 86 with moderate and 52 with severe AI. Mean KCCQ SS was 74.5±23.7; 74.3±23.0 with mild AI, 73.8±26.2 with moderate AI, and 76.7±19.4 with severe AI (p=NS). SOB was present in 290 pts (49%, KCCQ SS 65.3±23.7), HF in 43 (7.3%, KCCQ SS 50.1±22.3) and both in 36 pts (KCCQ SS 47.0±21.7). After adjusting for multiple factors, linear regression (r2=0.28, p<0.001) revealed that the presence of SOB (β: -13.841, p<0.001) and heart failure (β:-19.484, p<0.001) were associated with lower SS; however, the degree of AI and history of aortic valve surgery were not associated with KCCQ SS. Male sex (β: 7.279, p=0.001), heart rate (β: -0.223, p=0.005), prior CAD (β: -4.364, p=0.038) and BMI (β:-0.357, p=0.035) were also significant in this model. Pt age, presence of atrial fibrillation, angina, hypertension, diabetes, prior CAD, renal disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, left ventricular diastolic dimension and ejection fraction were not significant predictors. Conclusions: In stable outpatients with AI, KCCQ scores correlate with the presence of shortness of breath and heart failure symptoms, but are not affected by the degree of AI or history of aortic valve surgery. Symptoms rather than diagnosis drives patient perceived health status.
ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIAL DECOMPOSITION MODEL FOR THE FLATNESS OF COLD-ROLLED STRIP

An orthogonal polynomial decomposition model for the flatness of cold-rolled strip is proposed.In such model application,the model parameters can be changed according to the flatness control characteristics of the special rolling mill in order to improve the flatness control precision further more.This model possesses better applicably for real time control due to its simple structure and less calculation time.
EEG based functional connectivity reflects cognitive load during emotion regulation

Patients suffering from anxiety disorders commonly have difficulties in emotion regulation. Understanding underlying brain network dysfunction can provide insight into their pathophysiology. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based functional connectivity contains high temporal information of brain network dynamics. We acquired EEG recordings in the resting state and during a series of emotion regulation tasks (ERT) from a sample of 20 subjects with anxiety disorders and 20 healthy controls. To generate EEG-based functional connectomes, we used the weighted phase lag index (WPLI), a phase based connectivity metric. Graph theory measures of clustering coefficient (CC) and characteristic path length (CPL) were computed to characterize properties of these complex functional networks. Results showed that in the theta band network integration measured using CPL increased as the cognitive load during the emotion regulation task increased, with a complementary trend in the CC. In summary, the EEG-based functional connectome is highly dynamic and task dependent, thus may serve as a promising non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Powered exoskeletons have become available for overground ambulation in persons with paralyses due to spinal cord injury (SCI) who have intact upper extremity function and are able to maintain upright balance using forearm crutches. To ambulate in an exoskeleton, the user must acquire the ability to maintain balance while standing, sitting and appropriate weight shifting with each step. This can be a challenging task for those with deficits in sensation and proprioception in their lower extremities. This manuscript describes screening criteria and a training program developed at the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY to teach users the skills needed to utilize these devices in institutional, home or community environments. Before training can begin, potential users are screened for appropriate range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle joints. Persons with SCI are at an increased risk of sustaining lower extremity fractures, even with minimal strain or trauma, therefore a bone mineral density assessment is performed to reduce the risk of fracture. Also, as part of screening, a physical examination is performed in order to identify additional health-related contraindications. Once the person has successfully passed all screening requirements, they are cleared to begin the training program. The device is properly adjusted to fit the user. A series of static and dynamic balance tasks are taught and performed by the user before learning to walk. The person is taught to ambulate in various environments ranging from indoor level surfaces to outdoors over uneven or changing surfaces. Once skilled enough to be a candidate for home use with the exoskeleton, the user is then required to designate a companion-walker who will train alongside them. Together, the pair must demonstrate the ability to perform various advanced tasks in order to be permitted to use the exoskeleton in their home/community environment.
Archaism as Floating Signifier

Of all the ideologemes that circulate around the two authors who are the object of the present study, the notion of archaism is undoubtedly one of the most polemical and most frequently used.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Seizures

The incidence, timing, etiologies, and recurrence rate of seizures among 127 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were determined at the Schneider Children’s Hospital, and the Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York.
Neurologic Complications of Cat-Scratch Disease

The neurologic complications of cat-scratch disease in 76 patients with an average age of 10 years are reported from the Jackson-ville Health Education Program, University of Florida, and Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services, Bethesda, MD.
A polysaccharide component in the vascular lesions of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

all the tissues of the body. Two distinct histologic components are present in the vascular lesions. The most common is a focal disruption of the continuity of the wall of the vessels by an acellular material, which is covered by endotheium and which partially occludes the lumen of the vessel. In rare instances thrombi are present but are always associated with the lesion described above. Several interpretations of the nature of the lesions have been presented. Baehr, Kiemperer and Schifrin’ considered the vascular lesions as agglutinated platelets. Altschule2 suggested that endothelial damage preceded the thrombotic material. Gore3 pointed out two components of vascular change, degeneration of the vessel wall and agglutination of platelets at the site of the lesion in the vessel wall. He indicated that the change in the vessel wall was the initiating factor for platelet agglutination. Craig and Gitlin,4 by the use of fluoresceinlabeled antibody, have demonstrated the presence of fibrin in the vascular lesions. They could not find evidence of immunochemically reactive platelet material with this technic.
Imaging Structural Networks With MRI

In this chapter, we will first look at the physics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to gain a conceptual understanding of the inner workings of this essential tool. Then we will review the two main applications of anatomical MR scans: imaging of brain structure and imaging of network connectivity. The latter is achieved by an MRI-based technique called diffusion tensor imaging that visualizes white matter tracts. This chapter will equip us with the knowledge to critically interpret structural neuroimaging studies while also preparing us for the next chapter, “Imaging Functional Networks with MRI,” where we will look at how MRI can be used to measure proxies of brain activity.
Comparison between the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) and 4D-Var in atmospheric CO2 flux inversion with the Goddard Earth Observing System-Chem model and the observation impact diagnostics from the LETKF

Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and 4D-Variational (4D-Var) are two advanced data assimilation methods that are the basis of numerical weather prediction and have been extensively used in trace gas assimilation and inverse modeling. In this study, we compare 4D-Var and the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF), one type of EnKF, in estimating CO2 fluxes with both simulated and real satellite data from Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and propose a method to calculate flux changes and flux error reductions from assimilating each observation within the LETKF. The results show that the mean posterior flux accuracy across 11 land regions defined by the Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project is comparable between 4D-Var and the LETKF, as shown in the Observing System Simulation Experiment, but the differences between the LETKF and 4D-Var are relatively larger over data sparse regions. We show that this is most likely due to the fact that the observations from a much broader region have impact on flux estimation in 4D-Var than in the LETKF. As a result, the posterior fluxes from 4D-Var are more consistent with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. We find that the inversion results are less dependent on inversion methods with the increase of observations. With real GOSAT observations, we show that the posterior flux changes in 2011 relative to 2010 are more consistent between these two methods than the absolute estimates.
A multiple perspective modeling and simulation approach for renewable energy policy evaluation

We propose a novel and inclusive framework for renewable energy policy evaluation.Simulation modeling is used to assess renewable energy policy for the first time.The proposed method proposes quantitative analysis for various stakeholders.Florida is selected as a case study to show capabilities of the framework.Two solar programs and one energy efficiency program are assessed in detail. Environmental issues and dependence on fossil fuel sources including coal, oil, and natural gas, are the two most prevalent energy issues that are currently faced by the United States. Incorporation of renewable energy sources, a non-economical option in electricity generation compared to conventional sources that burn fossil fuels, promises a viable solution for both of these issues single-handedly. Several energy policies have concordantly been suggested to reduce the financial burden of adopting renewable energy technologies and make such technologies competitive with conventional sources throughout the US. In this work, we present a novel simulation framework to help policymakers assess and evaluate policies from different perspectives of its stakeholders. The proposed framework is composed of four modules: (1) a database which collates the economic, operational, and environmental data; (2) elucidation of policy which devises the policy for the simulation model; (3) a preliminary analysis which makes predictions for consumption, supply, and prices; and (4) a simulation model. After the validity of the proposed framework is demonstrated, a series of planned Florida renewable energy policies are implemented into our framework as a case study. The results obtained from the simulation and conclusions drawn on the assessment of current energy policies are presented with respect to the conflicting objectives of different stakeholders.
Modified virtual internal bond fracture constitutive model for concrete

Abstract The goal of the research presented here is the development of a Modified Concrete Virtual Internal Bond model (MC-VIB) for concrete. Concrete is often used as a primary material to build protective structures and this paper focuses on the development of a material model for concrete and its application in LS-DYNA in order to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under impact and blast loading. This ‘fracture-constitutive’ VIB model is the further development of earlier work which accounted only for the tensile behavior and fracture of concrete. The proposed model includes the differences in the behavior of concrete in tension, compression and shear. Consequently, while the previous VIB model had only two material parameters, the MC-VIB model has seven material parameters. The model parameters are calibrated based on the stress-strain behavior of single element and cylinder models of concrete with a uniaxial compressive strength of 27.6 MPa. The material models currently available in LS-DYNA require a number of input parameters that are often automatically generated by giving the compressive strength of concrete. The stress strain curves from the MC-VIB model are compared to the material models for concrete available in LS-DYNA and standard curves obtained by an accepted equation and has shown good correspondence. It is shown that the MC-VIB model is fairly insensitive to mesh size and size effect studies presented here has successfully demonstrated the ability of the model to account for the inherent inertial confining effect as the structure size increases. The effect and sensitivity of the material parameters has been studied using the simulated stress-strain response of concrete in tension and compression under dynamic loading and finally recommendations have been made for the material parameter values for a standard concrete mix of 27.6 MPa.
Lieb-Robinson Bounds

One important difference between relativistic systems and non-relativistic systems (such as the ones we consider here), is that for relativistic system one has causality: information cannot travel faster than the speed of light. In lattice systems there is no such natural bound. Correlations can, in principle, spread arbitrarily fast. Nevertheless, under suitable conditions, most notably on the locality of the dynamics, there is a maximum velocity in the system, which dictates how fast information can propagate through the system. This is essentially what a Lieb-Robinson bound is.
Verbal Conditioning As A Psychotherapeutic Model: The Effects of Social Deprivation*†:

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of social deprivation on the conditionability of adult female subjects. The prediction that social deprivation of relatively brief duration ...
Claims of Urgency: A Critical Appraisal of Leadership and Crisis

Business crises have been defined as unexpected, even unthinkable events that involve unstable conditions that threaten to disrupt an organization. Crisis literature typically builds on a structura...
Rucaparib: A Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor for BRCA-Mutated Relapsed Ovarian Cancer.

Objective:To review the pharmacology, safety, efficacy, and the role of rucaparib in the treatment of relapsed, advanced ovarian cancer.Summary:A total of 2 phase I/II trials and 1 phase II trial h...
Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Mediates the Antihypertensive Effects of Acupuncture in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where the sympathetic nervous control center is located, contributes to neural mechanisms of hypertension. Acupuncture was previously reported to favorably affect high blood pressure. However, little is known about the effect of acupuncture on oxidative stress-modulated mechanisms in hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that acupuncture exerts an antihypertensive effect via ameliorating oxidative stress and the redox-sensitive pathway in the RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Two weeks of acupuncture reduced blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Oxidative stress in the RVLM was alleviated by acupuncture, accompanied by a decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and expression of its subunits. Acupuncture significantly altered the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway as assessed by pathway enrichment analysis in a gene chip assay. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, but not Jun N-terminal kinase, was downregulated by acupuncture. Microinjection bilaterally of the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or diphenyleneiodonium chloride into the RVLM mimicked the antihypertensive effect of acupuncture. In contrast, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase agonist tetrabromocinnamic acid abolished the beneficial effects of acupuncture. Furthermore, injection of capsaicin or surgical sectioning of the sciatic nerve abolished the antihypertensive effect of acupuncture. We conclude that acupuncture decreases high blood pressure and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mitogen-activated protein kinases and the sciatic nerve are involved in the mechanism of acupuncture's amelioration of hypertension.
Stoichiometric analysis of competing intermolecular hydrogen bonds using infrared spectroscopy.

We quantitatively analyze multiple hydrogen bonds in mixtures of two monomers: urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol-divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE). The carbonyl stretching band in infrared (IR) absorption spectra is deconvoluted into free and hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups. The amounts of the sub-components are determined for 21 mixture compositions and initially analyzed using a simple stoichiometric model (based on one dominant hydrogen acceptor group per monomer species) for the equilibrium state of hydrogen bond formation. However, our in-depth stoichiometric analysis suggests that at least two UDMA acceptor groups (carbonyl and alkoxy oxygens) and one TEG-DVBE acceptor group (ether oxygen) contribute to intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. This finding is further supported by a quantitative analysis of the hydrogen bonding effect on the N–H stretching band. Moreover, the equilibrium constants of these hydrogen bond formations confirm that the inter-association between UDMA and TEG-DVBE is non-negligible in comparison to the UDMA self-associations. Such quantitative information on intermolecular interactions provides insight into the effect of hydrogen bonding on the copolymerization kinetics of these monomer mixtures.
Raman detection of macular carotenoid pigments in intact human retina.

PURPOSE. To develop and test a novel noninvasive optical technique suitable for the objective measurement of macular carotenoid levels in human retina. METHODS. A resonance Raman scattering apparatus was constructed to measure carotenoid levels in flat-mounted human retinas and eyecups and in experimental animal eyes. Light from an argon laser was used to resonantly excite the electronic absorption of the carotenoid pigments, and scattered light was collected and analyzed by a Raman spectrometer. After carotenoid Raman measurements were completed on the retinal samples, macular carotenoid levels were determined by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS, Carotenoid resonance Raman scattering proved to be a highly sensitive and specific method for the noninvasive measurement of macular pigments in the human retina. Signal strength scaled linearly with actual macular carotenoid content as measured by HPLC. Our apparatus was also used to record resonance Raman signals from xanthophyll carotenoids stored in the retinal pigment epithelium of intact frog eyes. CONCLUSIONS. This new noninvasive optical method will facilitate studies of ocular carotenoid distributions and their role in degenerative diseases of the eye and may allow for the rapid screening of carotenoid levels in large populations at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in the United States. A prototype clinical instrument is under development.
Left ventricular mass

Abstract A previously described angiocardiographic method has been used to determine left ventricular mass in 28 patients. Weight of the left ventricle at autopsy has been compared with calculated mass. The method has been shown to be reliable in the absence of marked right ventricular hypertrophy, pericardial effusion, or adhesive pericarditis.
How Does Linguistic Complexity in Shakespeare’s Plays Relate to the Production History of a Commercial American Theater?

Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) prompted educators to analyze the cognitive load they are placing upon their students. A Shakespearean play as performed commercially for modern audiences may be classified as entertainment, but in terms of CLT, the spoken words and actions on stage may be classified as signals, and are therefore subject to analysis. This paper uses a tool to quantify the linguistic complexity (LC) of the spoken text of each play in the Shakespeare Corpus along four dimensions: average syllables per word, average words per sentence, percentage of complex words, and percentage of words not found in a standard dictionary. The plays were ranked from lowest LC score to highest. Then these rankings were compared with the ranked production frequency of a commercial Shakespearean theater, whose mission facilitates a modern audience experiencing the play as Shakespeare originally intended. Results indicate that the plays offered with the highest frequency over the theater’s history were also among the least complex of Shakespeare’s plays. Therefore, there appears to be a relationship between linguistic complexity in the text of Shakespeare’s plays and the commercial viability of offering those plays to a paying audience. As the linguistic complexity of a performed play affects the cognitive load on audience members, it is reasonable that plays with the lowest linguistic complexity will be chosen for production more often than their higher linguistic complexity counterparts for a theater that seeks to successfully entertain patrons and keep them coming back.
Modeling the effect of air-intake aperture size in the ping-pong ball cannon

A vacuum cannon (or a ping-pong ball cannon) is commonly used by many physics departments to demonstrate the large forces that result from pressure differentials surrounding an object. In this paper, previous theoretical descriptions for the vacuum cannon are revisited and extended to include the effect of the air-intake aperture size on the projectile speed in the cannon. This extended treatment is mostly analytic although there is a small but necessary numerical aspect to this analysis. Good agreement has been found between theoretical predictions and observations using this new analysis. The principles involved in this theoretical framework are easily accessible to intermediate and advanced undergraduate students, and hence, the vacuum cannon demonstration could easily be transformed into an experiment appropriate for an undergraduate thermal physics course. Students would be expected to perform analytical derivations, write simple computational programs, and perform high-speed video capture and analysis. Thus, students would gain experience with analytical, numerical, and experimental techniques in a single project.
Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Imaged Carotid Plaque Is Significantly Associated With Systemic Inflammation.

Purpose Persons with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at heightened risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke caused by adiposity and intermittent hypoxia, which provoke proinflammatory cytokines to induce systemic and vascular inflammation, resulting in endothelial dysfunction and development of atherosclerotic plaque. This study compared levels of systemic inflammation, as indexed by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), between groups of patients with severe OSA with and without carotid artery calcified plaque (CACP+ and CACP−, respectively) on their panoramic image (PI). Materials and Methods This study had a retrospective cross-sectional study design. Medical records and PIs of men with severe OSA treated by the dental service (January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017) were reviewed. The predictor variable was the presence or absence of CACP on PIs and the outcome variable was NLR. The t test was used to analyze differences in mean NLRs between groups. Atherogenic risk factors (age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes) were assessed for independence by descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Significance set at .05 for all tests. Results The study group (n = 39) of patients with CACP+ (mean age, 63 ± 7.4 yr) showed a mean NLR of 3.09 ± 1.42. The control group (n = 46) of patients with CACP− (mean age, 62 ± 6.8 yr) showed a mean NLR of 2.10 ± 0.58. The difference between groups was significant (P Conclusion Older men with severe OSA and carotid atheromas on PIs show substantially greater systemic inflammation measured by NLRs. The combination of severe OSA, atheroma formation, and markedly increased NLR suggests a higher risk of MI and stroke and greater need for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular evaluation.
Designing and Redesigning Products, Processes, and Systems for a Helical Economy

Abstract The Circular Economy (CE) concept has promised to unlock trillions of dollars in business value while driving a significant reduction in the world’s resource consumption and anthropogenic emissions. However, CE mainly lives in ambiguity in the manufacturing domain because CE does not address the changes needed across all of the fundamental elements of manufacturing: products, processes, and systems. Conceptually, CE is grounded in the concept of closed-loop material flows that fit within ecological limits. This grounding translates into a steady state economy, a result that is not an option for the significant portion of the world living in poverty. Therefore, this paper proposes the Helical Economy (HE) concept as a novel extension to CE—one that allows for continued innovation and economic growth by leveraging an Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure and by reimagining products, processes, and systems. This paper intends to be the conceptual overview and a framework for implementing Helical Economy in the manufacturing domain.
A Tale of Two Tragedies: Culpability and Innocence in American Journalism

[O]ne of the dead was an 8-year-old boy from Dorchester who had gone out to hug his dad after he crossed the finish line. The dad walked on; the boy went back to the sidewalk to join his mom and hi...
Emerging Treatments for COPD: Evidence to Date on Revefenacin

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 4th leading cause of death in the United States. Due to the substantial public health burden of COPD, there has been a lot of interest in developing new drug therapies, directed at improving the symptomatology and quality of life in COPD patients. Revefenacin is the first once daily nebulized long acting muscarinic antagonist for COPD treatment. It offers an advantage over other nebulized bronchodilators, as once daily administration may improve patient compliance. Revefenacin has a rapid onset of action, is long acting and significantly improves lung function (FEV1) in patients with COPD. It can play a major role in the management of COPD, especially in patients who have difficulty mastering inhaler techniques and those with low baseline FEV1 who may have difficulty generating flow with an inhaler. This manuscript is a review on revefenacin and outlines the pharmacologic profile and the clinical trials which have evaluated it's the efficacy and safety. The authors also discuss their own perspective on the potential role of revefenacin in COPD management.
Envisioning Blue Cities: Urban Water Governance and Water Footprinting

AbstractUrban water governance is a framework for addressing critical issues in cities’ water resources by creating a more inclusive policy for sustainable transitions. Beyond the physical or direc...
Enabling Legal Environment for Meeting the Rational Nexus Principle: Insights From the Use of Development Charges in India:

Globally, governments at all levels—national to local—are fiscally constrained, especially in the developing countries of the Global South (Africa, Latin and Central America, and the developing cou...
Integrated Agent-Based Model for Broadband Resource Allocation Analysis

This paper introduces an integration strategy between ns3, a network simulator, and NetLogo, an agent-based model (ABM), to help answer policy level broadband allocation questions. Economic development is maximized by accurately modeling the communications system and human behavior together. The digital divide is well recognized as a root cause of economic inequality and a global problem in both rural and urban communities. Within the United States, federal and state efforts have funded investments in broadband infrastructure. However, available funds are limited or provided as 50-100% loans and eligibility issues limit participation. Consequently, infrastructure planners are in need of new tools to strategically allocate available funds. While ABM is a popular policy analysis tool, other rural broadband analyses have not accurately incorporated network limitations. By integrating ns3 and NetLogo, we improve the validity of policy experiments by accurately representing both technical and human components of the system.
[Screening and confirmation of pesticide residues in substitutional tea such as orange peel, lotus leaf, pueraria lobata and Pangdahai].

Objective The screening method was established for pesticide residues in substitutional teas such as orange peel, lotus leaf, pueraria lobata and Pangdahai using data base. The method for analyzing of 26 pesticide residues was confirmed in four substitutional teas with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS) and dispersive solid-phase extraction(d-SPE) for sample preparation. Methods The 26 types of pesticides were selected as target compounds, including screened out, commonly used in substitutional tea planting and forbidden in agriculture planting. The samples extracted with acetonitrile, and purified by adsorbent(e. g PSA, GCB, C_(18)), the purification solutions were separated on DB-5 MS UI column((15 m+PUU+15 m)×0. 25 mm×0. 25 μm) with programmed temperature and determined by GC-MS/MS in multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) model. The external standard method was applied to quantify the pesticides. Results The method showed a good linearity(r≥0. 995)in concentration range(2-100 μg/L) for 26 kinds of pesticides. The limits of quantification(LOQ) were 3-40 μg/kg. The average recoveries range were 71. 9%-114. 4% in three add levels of 10, 50, 200 μg/kg, and relative standard deviations of 1. 0%-16. 0%(n=6). In the four matrixes, the pesticides were detected concentrating on orange peel, and there were kinds of residues. Conclusion This method is simple, fast, sensitive, selective and can satisfy the request of pesticide screening and simultaneous analysis of multiple pesticide residues in orange peel, lotus leaf, pueraria lobata and Pangdahai.