cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laplace and Laplace-Stieltjes space

Suppose X is a Banach space and ƒ is a function from [0,∞) into the space of all (possibly unbounded) linear operators on X. We construct a maximal Banach subspace, Y, the Laplace space, continuously embedded in X, so that ƒ|Y is the Laplace transform of a strongly continuous family of contractions on Y, and a maximal Banach subspace, W, the Laplace-Stieltjes space, continuously embedded in X, so that the map s ↦ƒ(s)x is the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of a vector-valued measure ∀x∈W. Under appropriate conditions of ƒ, that are satisfied in the eases of most interest, the Laplace space contains all x so that the map s↦ƒ(s)x is a uniformly strongly continuous Laplace transform. Appropriate choices of ƒ yield maximal subspaces on which integrodifferential equations or abstract Cauchy problems, of arbitrarily high order, are well-posed. Other choices of ƒ produce the semisimplicity manifold and the maximal subspace on which an operator is well-bounded. In the former case, the space contains all initial data for which the abstract Cauchy problem has a solution that equals the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of a vector-valued measure.
Effect of acquisition rate on liver and portal vein enhancement with microbubble contrast.

Abstract We showed that tissue enhancement with microbubbles is dependent upon transmit power. Because intermittent imaging decreases bubble exposure to ultrasound, and also decreases the ability of the sonographer to maintain anatomic orientation, we aimed to determine the optimum frame rate that maximizes enhancement and allows for continued anatomic orientation. Seven rabbits with an avascular liver lesion created by percutaneous injection of 1 mL ethyl alcohol 7 days earlier were imaged with an Acuson 128XP/10 using a 7-MHz sector transducer at fixed transmit power. Each rabbit was imaged 5 times in random order, at 1 frame/30 s, 1frame/5 s, 1frame/s, 4 frames/s, and 28 frames/s. The same plane was imaged at all frame rates from before to 15 min after the bolus injection of 0.3-mL (0.1–0.12 mL/kg) of AF0150 (Imagent®, Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, CA). Liver and portal vein videointensity relative to the lesion were evaluated over time. In this study, liver enhancement progressively increased as the frame rate was reduced (p
Investigation of density functionals to predict both ground-state properties and band structures.

By incorporating part of the correlation energy into a modified kinetic energy functional within a Kohn-Sham-like theory, it is possible to obtain significantly altered band structures, while preserving good agreement with experiment for ground state properties well described by the usual local density approximation (LDA). A particular such functional obtained by introducing a local density-dependent mass is investigated. By construction, it reproduces the valence-band narrowing of free-electron-like metals. Applied to semiconductors, a significant gap increase with respect to the LDA gap is observed in silicon and germanium; for diamond carbon, the correction is negligible. The proposed strategy is quite general and could facilitate the construction of density functionals which simultaneously predict ground state properties and band structures for a given class of materials. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Effect of supplemental feeding on spatial distribution and browse utilization by white-tailed deer in semi-arid rangeland

We investigate the risk that supplemental feeding of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to improve trophy quality may degrade rangeland through overutilization of forage plants near the feeders. We divided a South Texas ranch into 6 areas (each 1100 ha). Supplemental feed was provided year-round in a centrally placed feeder in 3 areas, no supplement was provided in the 3 control areas. Radio-telemetry collars were fitted on 2 bucks and 2 does in each area. Spatial distribution of these deer was assessed using the CALHOME program. Feed supplementation did not alter home range size of does but did reduce their 50% core area. Bucks without supplemental feed showed 2 spatial strategies; sedentary bucks had home range distributions similar to supplemented bucks, while commuter bucks moved to supplemented areas during the breeding season. Browsing pressure near feeders and control sites was assessed by measuring consumption of seedlings set in arrays radiating from feeders and control points. Deer browsing was heavier near feeders than at the control sites, and the probability of a seedling being browsed increased with proximity to the feeder. We caution against long-term supplemental feeding in fixed locations because of the potential for localized range degradation around the feeders.
A machine learning approach for identifying subtypes of autism

In this paper we present a machine learning approach to mining a questionnaire database, which is part of the medical record, of patients suffering from a degree of autism. One of the most important components of this approach is the selection of features for identifying subtypes of autism.. Different sets of features have been chosen as input to experiments that ran using various machine learning algorithms. Results of such experiments are evaluated to determine their effectiveness in clustering patients' data for further classification purposes. The ultimate goal of our research is to provide an approach for mining autistic patients' data for categorizing the Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)to better understand this currently wide spread and complex medical condition.
The Mandate of UNRWA at Sixty

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA or “ the Agency” ) was established as a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly in 1949 and commenced operations in 1950. The Agency’s mandate has evolved since its establishment in response to the sometimes dramatic developments in the political, operational, and financial context. After considering the meaning of the term “mandate” and how UNRWA’s mandate is derived, this article sets out the content of UNRWA’s contemporary mandate by addressing the following questions: To whom does UNRWA’s mandate extend? Where is UNRWA mandated to act? For which activities? Until when does UNRWA’s mandate extend? Particular attention is devoted to the evolution of the protection and human development aspects of the Agency’s mandate.
Distance-dependent and distance-independent models of Douglas-fir and western hemlock basal area growth following silvicultural treatment

Distance-independent and distance-dependent individual-tree basal area growth equations for Douglas-fir and western hemlock growth following thinning and fertilization treatments were developed using regression analysis. Distance-independent models included only non-spatial competition and thinning indices, while distance-dependent models included both spatial and non-spatial indices. The distance-independent models with the highest adjusted multiple coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) for both species included diameter at breast height, crown class, percent basal area removed in thinning, plot basal area greater than the subject tree and stand age as independent variables. The distance-dependent models with the highest adjusted R2 included all of these variables in addition to a variant of the area potentially available index, which is based on the spatial tessellation of the point pattern of trees in the stand. Addition of this spatial index produced only a small (<.01) increase in adjusted R2 for models of both species. The relatively small amount of increase was due to three factors; thinning resulted in an even distribution of growing space among residual trees, tree size explained much of the variation in local competitive stress and the competitive neighborhood of individual trees was large relative to the size of the sample plots. The results suggest that the additional effort and expense required to obtain spatially referenced stand data for developing empirical forest growth models in similar stands is not justified.
Intertemporal Permit Trading for the Control of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

This paper integrates two themes in the intertemporal permitliterature through the construction of an intertemporal bankingsystem for a pollutant that creates both stock and flow damages. A permit banking system for the special case of a pollutant thatonly causes stock damages is also developed. This latter,simpler case corresponds roughly to the greenhouse gas emissionreduction regime proposed by the U.S. Department of State as ameans of fulfilling the U.S. commitment to the FrameworkConvention on Climate Change. This paper shows that environmentalregulators can achieve the socially optimal level of emissionsand output through time by setting the correct total sum ofallowable emissions, and specifying the correct intertemporaltrading ratio for banking and borrowing. For the case ofgreenhouse gases, we show that the optimal growth rate of permitprices, and therefore the optimal intertemporal trading rate, hasthe closed-form solution equal to the ratio of current marginalstock damages to the discounted future value of marginal stockdamages less the decay rate of emissions in the atmosphere. Given a non-optimal negotiated emission path we then derive apermit banking system that has the potential to lower net socialcosts by adjusting the intertemporal trading ratio taking intoaccount the behavior of private agents. We use a simplenumerical simulation model to illustrate the potential gains fromvarious possible banking systems.
Weight Change and Spoilage of Broiler Carcasses–Effect of Chilling and Storage Methods

Abstract Broiler carcasses lost greater weight when stored 4 days than when stored 1 or 3 days and lost greater weight after 6 and 8 days than after 4 days, particularly at high refrigerated storage temperatures. Carcasses stored at −.5 C (31 F) lost significantly less weight than those stored above the freezing point of water. Whole carcasses lost significantly less weight than did cut-up carcasses. Carbon dioxide (CO2)-chilled carcasses lost less weight than did standard-immersion-chilled carcasses, because they picked up less water in the chilling process. The superficial freezing on CO2-chilled carcasses delayed microbial growth and resulted in slightly longer shelf-life of CO2-chilled carcasses than of those immersion chilled, particularly when comparisons were at higher refrigerated storage temperatures. Carcasses stored at 3.9 C (39 F) had strong off odors by about 9 days of storage; at 1.0 C (34 F) by about 14 days; and at −2.2 C (28 F) by about 35 days. Whole carcasses without giblets had a longer shelf-life than did cut-up carcasses, but whole carcasses stuffed with giblet packs had a shorter shelf-life than did cut-up carcasses.
Total energy intake, adolescent discretionary behaviors and the energy gap

To estimate total energy intake and the energy gap—the daily imbalance between energy intake and expenditure—associated with discretionary behaviors of adolescents, namely their leisure active behaviors (playing or participating in sports and heavy chores), leisure sedentary behaviors (television (TV) viewing and playing video and computer games), productive sedentary behaviors (reading or doing homework). Prospective observational study. A total of 538 students (mean age at baseline=11.7 years) from public schools in the Boston area studied prospectively from the fall of 1995 to the spring of 1997. Anthropometric assessment including height and weight, dietary assessment using a youth food frequency questionnaire and measures of TV, video, reading/doing homework and youth physical activity. We estimate the change in total energy intake for each hour change in discretionary activity using regression methods. A 1-h increase in watching TV is associated with a 106 kcal h−1 increase in total energy intake (95% confidence interval (CI): 61–150 kcal day−1). A similar change of 92 kcal h−1 (95% CI: 37–147 kcal day−1) is seen with playing video and computer games. The change in energy intake associated with an hour change in physical activity is 292 kcal h−1 (95% CI: 262–321 kcal day−1). No significant change is associated with reading/doing homework. Assuming that typical energy expenditures are associated with these behaviors, reading/doing homework appears to be an ‘energy neutral’ activity, whereas watching TV and playing video and computer games is associated with an energy surplus. If we assume that physical activity levels are moderate (3.5 METs), then this is also an energy surplus activity. If physical activity is assumed to be vigorous for the entire time allotted (>6.0 METs), an energy deficit could be achieved. We validated these estimates by calculating regressions predicting change in weight. Results indicate that each hour increase in TV viewing is associated with a weight increase of 0.38 kg (95% CI: 0.17–0.59 kg), with no significant associations for the other behaviors. A model with change in BMI as the dependent variable produced similar results. Watching TV is an activity associated with a daily energy surplus. Although physical activity is thought of as an energy deficit activity, our estimates do not support this hypothesis. Reading/doing homework is the only discretionary activity examined which appears to be clearly energy neutral. The differential impacts of these discretionary behaviors on energy intake and the energy gap are discussed in relation to food-related advertisements aimed at children and adolescents.
Corticosteroid Withdrawal Precipitates Perilesional Edema around Calcified Taenia solium Cysts

Calcified Taenia solium granulomas are the focus of repeated episodes of perilesional edema and seizures in 50% of persons with calcifications, history of seizures, and a positive serology for cysticercosis. The pathophysiology is unclear but recent studies suggest the edema is caused by inflammation. We report two new cases and four other published cases where cessation of corticosteroids appeared to result in recurrence or new appearance of perilesional edema around calcifications. This suggests that perilesional edema is an immune-mediated phenomenon.
RISK PERCEPTIONS AND KNOWLEDGE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs) AND HIV AMONG UNDOCUMENTED NICARAGUAN MIGRANT WOMEN IN COSTA RICA

This article describes STI and HIV transmission knowledge and risk perception for undocumented Nicaraguan labor migrant women in semirural Costa Rica. Within all of Latin America, HIV prevalence is highest in the subregion of Central America; in rural areas it is increasing among heterosexual women. The mixed methods study included semistructured questionnaires administered in face-to-face interviews with 43 undocumented Nicaraguan migrant women in a three-interview series. Questionnaire items included sociodemographic variables and general knowledge about STIs and HIV modes’ of transmission and sources of education. Risk vignettes and follow-up questions were administered to assess culturally available prevention strategies as well as STI and HIV risk perception. As a mode of prevention, condom use is not culturally available to this population because of symbolic meanings behind requests to use them. Ethnographic results revealed that condom use is not culturally available to heterosexual women migrants in marital unions, there is a general knowledge of modes of transmission and prevention, yet communication between partners could be improved. Future interventions must address cultural concepts that shape risk perception as well as social risks perceived in the prevention of STI and HIV transmission.
Language facilitates event memory in early childhood: Child comprehension, adult-provided linguistic support and delayed recall at 16 months

Adult-provided supportive language facilitates memory for the past in preverbal and verbal children. Work conducted with 18-month-olds indicates that children benefit from supportive adult language when tested after a 4-week delay but not when tested immediately after sequence demonstration; moreover, findings reveal that supportive language provided only at test may be more facilitative of recall after a delay relative to supportive language provided only at encoding. In the present study, we examined whether child language comprehension abilities moderated the extent to which preverbal children benefitted from supportive language provided at encoding and test. The findings indicated that child language comprehension and supportive language provided at encoding were unassociated with performance at baseline or immediate imitation; however, the moderating effect of child language comprehension on adult-provided supportive language at encoding and test was observed after a 1-week delay. Correlations revealed continuous associations between general comprehension scores and recall performance after the 1-week delay on sequences presented in the most supportive condition at encoding. Taken together, the presented findings reveal that the complex interplay between language and cognition is established in early childhood, with foundational relations emerging before children are capable of verbally reporting on the past.
The Nonlinear Interaction of Barotropic and Equatorial Baroclinic Rossby Waves

Simplified asymptotic equations are developed for the nonlinear interaction of long-wavelength equatorial Rossby waves and barotropic Rossby waves with a significant midlatitude projection in the presence of suitable horizontally and vertically sheared zonal mean flows. The simplified equations allow for nonlinear energy exchange between the barotropic Rossby waves and the baroclinic equatorial waves for nonzero zonal mean vertical shear through wave‐wave interactions. Idealized examples in the model demonstrate that midlatitude Rossby wave trains in a baroclinic mean shear can transfer their energy to localized equatorially trapped baroclinic Rossby waves through a nonlinear ‘‘westerly wind burst’’ mechanism. Conversely, equatorially trapped baroclinic Rossby wave trains in the idealized model can transfer substantial energy to the midlatitude barotropic Rossby waves. From the viewpoint of applied mathematics, the asymptotic equations derived here have several novel features.
Database Expert Planning System for On-Site Design Strategies

The successful delivery of capital facility projects demands the existence of effective channels of communication among project participants. Thus, clear unambiguous communication of information is...
Genomic and Clinical Effects Associated with a Relaxation Response Mind-Body Intervention in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Introduction Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) can profoundly affect quality of life and are influenced by stress and resiliency. The impact of mind-body interventions (MBIs) on IBS and IBD patients has not previously been examined. Methods Nineteen IBS and 29 IBD patients were enrolled in a 9-week relaxation response based mind-body group intervention (RR-MBI), focusing on elicitation of the RR and cognitive skill building. Symptom questionnaires and inflammatory markers were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at short-term follow-up. Peripheral blood transcriptome analysis was performed to identify genomic correlates of the RR-MBI. Results Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores improved significantly post-intervention for IBD and at short-term follow-up for IBS and IBD. Trait Anxiety scores, IBS Quality of Life, IBS Symptom Severity Index, and IBD Questionnaire scores improved significantly post-intervention and at short-term follow-up for IBS and IBD, respectively. RR-MBI altered expression of more genes in IBD (1059 genes) than in IBS (119 genes). In IBD, reduced expression of RR-MBI response genes was most significantly linked to inflammatory response, cell growth, proliferation, and oxidative stress-related pathways. In IBS, cell cycle regulation and DNA damage related gene sets were significantly upregulated after RR-MBI. Interactive network analysis of RR-affected pathways identified TNF, AKT and NF-κB as top focus molecules in IBS, while in IBD kinases (e.g. MAPK, P38 MAPK), inflammation (e.g. VEGF-C, NF-κB) and cell cycle and proliferation (e.g. UBC, APP) related genes emerged as top focus molecules. Conclusions In this uncontrolled pilot study, participation in an RR-MBI was associated with improvements in disease-specific measures, trait anxiety, and pain catastrophizing in IBS and IBD patients. Moreover, observed gene expression changes suggest that NF-κB is a target focus molecule in both IBS and IBD—and that its regulation may contribute to counteracting the harmful effects of stress in both diseases. Larger, controlled studies are needed to confirm this preliminary finding. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02136745
The spleen modulates the febrile response of guinea pigs to LPS.

The febrile responses of splenectomized (Splex) or sham-operated (Sham) guinea pigs challenged intravenously or intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 7 and 30 days after surgery were eval...
Factors contributing to the catastrophe in Mexico City during the earthquake of September 19, 1985

The extensive damage to high‐rise buildings in Mexico City during the September 19, 1985 earthquake is primarily due to the intensity of the ground shaking exceeding what was previously considered credible for the city by Mexican engineers. There were two major factors contributing to the catastrophe, resonance in the sediments of an ancient lake that once existed in the Valley of Mexico, and the long duration of shaking compared with other coastal earthquakes in the last 50 years. Both of these factors would be operative again if the Guerrero seismic gap ruptured in a single earthquake.
Decreased odontometric sex difference in individuals with dental agenesis.

Partial Dental Agenesis has been shown related to decreased mesiodistal tooth size. The sexual difference in permanent tooth size of 104 normal individuals with congenital absence of one or more secondary teeth has been studied. Males are observed to have more mesiodistal size reduction than females. In only two of 14 tooth types examined was a statistical sex difference in mesiodistal size shown. It is of interest that each of these was in the canine field area. A sex difference was slightly more apparent when studying the buccolingual dimension; however, several difficulties were encountered in obtaining measurements in this diameter.
Strategic ambiguity in the role development process

Abstract Today's turbulent business and social environment often compels organizations to adopt internal programs that will help them cope with complexity. One organizational sector in which this is particularly true is the health care industry, as managed care programs and competitive forces have changed the way hospitals and clinics operate. This study looks at a specific organizational program designed to cope with these industry changes and considers the impact of the program on the nurses involved. Drawing on theory and research on role development and strategic ambiguity, this case analysis looks at a hospital system in which the nursing role of “care coordinator”; was defined in a strategically ambiguous way. After analyzing interviews with 19 care coordinators, conclusions are drawn regarding affective reactions to strategic role ambiguity, behavioral adaptation to strategic role ambiguity, and the importance of conceptualizing role ambiguity as a systemic process.
Latrepirdine (Dimebon®), a potential Alzheimer therapeutic, regulates autophagy and neuropathology in an Alzheimer mouse model

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a form of neurodegeneration that develops over the course of multiple decades and as a result of the accumulation of the pathogenic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, also known as A4. In late-stage AD, failure of autophagic clearance results in neuronal cell bodies that are almost entirely consumed by autophagic vacuoles (AVs). Previously, we have shown that the potential AD drug latrepirdine (aka Dimebon®), a Russian antihistamine that has shown mixed results in phase II clinical trials in AD, regulates metabolism of the amyloid-β/A4 precursor protein (APP). In two Molecular Psychiatry papers in 2012, we sought to determine the mechanism through which latrepirdine regulates APP metabolism and to determine, using an Alzheimer mouse model, whether latrepirdine provides protection from the toxicity associated with the accumulation of Aβ. In cultured cells, we provided evidence that latrepirdine stimulates MTOR- and ATG5-dependent autophagy, leading to the reduction of intracellular levels of APP metabolites, including Aβ. Consistent with this finding, we found that chronic latrepirdine administration resulted in increased levels of the biomarkers thought to correlate with autophagy activation in the brains of TgCRND8 (APP K670M, N671L, V717F) or wild-type mice, and that treatment was associated with abrogation of behavioral deficit, reduction in Aβ neuropathology, and prevention of autophagic failure among TgCRND8 mice.
Lesion detection with the second generation, 18F-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotracer DCFPyL

453 Objectives A variety of low-molecular weight (LMW) PSMA-targeted PET and SPECT radiotracers have shown promise for imaging prostate cancer. We report our initial experience with a new LMW PSMA-targeted PET radiotracer, DCFPyL, for detection of metastatic prostate cancer compared to conventional imaging modalities (CIM). Methods Nine patients with CIM evidence for new or progressive metastatic disease were imaged with a total of five sequential PET acquisitions up to 2 h post-injection of 9 mCi (243 MBq) of DCFPyL as part of a first-in-man dosimetry study. Seven of these patients had contrast-enhanced diagnostic CT (CECT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis and 8 had bone scan (BS); one patient had no recent comparable CIM. PET/CT, BS, and CECT images were centrally reviewed. Results The patient with no CIM was excluded from analysis. In remaining patients, DCFPyL PET detected 140 positive and 1 equivocal lesions (77 bone, 55 lymph node (LN), and 9 visceral lesions). CIM detected 30 positive and 15 equivocal lesions overall (31 bone, 7 LN, and 7 visceral lesions), with 20 positive and 11 equivocal lesions detected on CT (17 bone, 7 LN and 7 visceral lesions) and 13 positive and 5 equivocal lesions were detected with BS. For DCFPyL PET-positive lesions, 115 were negative or equivocal on CIM. Conversely, only 3 lesions positive with CIM were negative or equivocal on PET (rib and sacral sclerotic lesions on CECT and 1 spine lesion on BS). Visual review of the earlier PET acquisition timepoints suggested that imaging at 1 h post-injection was equivalent to 2 h for lesion detection. Conclusions In patients with known new or progressive metastatic prostate cancer, DCFPyL PET detected a large number of lesions that were occult or equivocal with CIM. DCFPyL PET is a promising way to improve detection of metastatic prostate cancer beyond CIM. Additional larger and systematic studies are needed to validate these initial findings.
Multikinase Inhibitors Induce Cutaneous Toxicity through OAT6-Mediated Uptake and MAP3K7-Driven Cell Death.

The use of multi-kinase inhibitors (MKI) in oncology, such as sorafenib, is associated with a cutaneous adverse event called hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) in which sites of pressure or friction become inflamed and painful, thus significantly impacting quality of life. The pathogenesis of MKI-induced HFSR is unknown, and the only available treatment options involve dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy, which have negative effects on primary disease management. To investigate the underlying mechanisms by which sorafenib promotes keratinocyte cytotoxicity and subsequent HFSR induction, we performed a transporter-directed RNAi screen in human epidermal keratinocytes and identified SLC22A20 (OAT6) as an uptake carrier of sorafenib. Further investigations into the intracellular mechanism of sorafenib activity through in situ kinome profiling identified the mitogen-activated protein kinase MAP3K7 (TAK1) as a target of sorafenib that induces cell death. Finally, we demonstrate that sorafenib induced keratinocyte injury in vivo, and that this effect could be reversed by co-treatment with the OAT6 inhibitor probenecid. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel pathway that regulates the entry of some MKIs into keratinocytes and explains the basis underlying sorafenib-induced skin toxicity, with important implications for the therapeutic management of HFSR.
The Application of Gas-Liquid Chromatography to the Measurement of Plasma Progesterone

Difficulties encountered in the assay of progesterone in biological fluids have hampered advances in our understanding of its secretion and metabolism. Investigators have, therefore, sought more sensitive, specific and accurate methods. A double derivative isotope technique capable of estimating the small amounts of progesterone present in normal human plasma has been described (1) and used to measure plasma progesterone levels throughout the normal menstrual cycle (2).
The Impact of Bonus Depreciation on Project Decision Making

This paper develops an Excel model ‐ useful to students, academics, and business professionals ‐ that values the impact of government driven increases in temporary first-year depreciation allowances, known as "bonus depreciation." Bonus depreciation is a temporary measure that has been used as a tool to stimulate economic activity by directly affecting the profitability and payback of a project and thereby impacting the investment decision of managers. We develop an evaluation technique, using net present value (NPV), that integrates the effects of bonus depreciation in a flexible model that can be used to determine the ultimate change on a project's base NPV.
Resonance effects in two-photon double ionization of H 2 by femtosecond XUV laser pulses

We investigate the effect of the pulse length on the two-photon double ionization (DI) of H${}_{2}$ in the direct domain, for a femtosecond (fs) laser with a polarization vector oriented along the molecular axis. In the fixed-nuclei approximation, we find that the doubly excited ${Q}_{1}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$ states manifest themselves as resonances in the angle-integrated cross sections if the laser interaction lasts longer than about 3 fs. Decay into single-ionization channels does not significantly affect the shape of the angular distribution. A sharp rise in the probability for DI, due to virtual sequential ionization, occurs when the photon energy approaches the threshold for sequential DI.
Utilizing Standardized Indices of Residential Segregation: Comment on Winship

Residential segregation has been a topic of central concern to sociology over the years, but the method of measurement has not received much attention since the landmark article by Duncan and Duncan. Until recently, sociologists have used the index of dissimilarity (D) as the unquestioned measure of segregation. However, recent controversy has revolved around misuses of D, the affects of which are more extreme than previously believed. One of the most important questions relates to the degree to which D is biased by differences in the proportion of the minority. To remove this bias, Winship has used the conceptual distinction between random segregation and numerical segregation as a way of approaching the problem. While we approached the problem from a similar conceptual basis (Cortese et al.), there are some discrepancies between our work in this area and the procedures recommended by Winship. Lest many accept Winship's procedures on face value, we feel there is a need to discuss two errors in Winship's contribution. Winship correctly points out that the index of dissimilarity (D) is significantly distorted by the proportion of minority in a city by noting that "the random baseline of segregation does not merely shift the zero point" (1062). This distortion in D prohibits the comparison of: (1) a city over time, and; (2) cities where the proportion of the minority is different (Cohen et al.; Cortese et al.). Therefore, Winship implies that D is inappropriate when comparisons are being made and when residential segregation is being used as a dependent variable. On this last point we wholly agree with Winship. Winship, however, suggests it is appropriate to use D when segregation is being used as
Simulation on Electromagnetic Transient Process in DC Transmission Line of ±800kV Power Transmission Project From Jinping to South Jiangsu

The steady state operation voltage and the double 12-pulse structure per pole in ±800kV DC power transmission project from Jinping to South Jiangsu are same as those in ±800kV DC power transmission project from Xiangjiaba to Nanhui,however the transmission capacity,transmission distance and conductor type of the former are different from the latter.Based on the parameters of main circuit of ±800 kV DC power transmission project from Jinping to South Jiangsu,by use of electromagnetic transient analysis software EMTP-RV the electromagnetic transient processes of internal overvoltage and earth short circuit currents along the transmission line under two types of bundled conductor spacing,namely 45cm and 50cm,are simulated respectively,and the maximum overvoltage level of HVDC transmission line under these two spacings is obtained.According a lot of simulation results,the envelope of overvoltage level along the HVDC transmission line and the envelop of earth short circuit currents at different points along the HVDC transmission line are given.Results of this research issue offer technical basis for the design and construction for ±800kV DC power transmission project from Jinping to South Jiangsu.
EPIG-17HUMAN ES CELLS AS A MODEL FOR MODELING BRAINSTEM GLIOMAS

Recent sequencing data demonstrate the presence of novel mutations in the H3.3. histone gene variant in diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas of childhood, DIPG. Surgical access to these tumors presents high risks, leading to a paucity of patient specimens and poor understanding of this tumor's biology. We used human embryonic stem cells differentiated into early neural precursors as a system to model the H3.3K27M tumors. We demonstrate in vitro and in vivo the neoplastic transformation of these cells, following expression of the H3.3K27M gene, as well as a combination of PDGFRA and p53. The tumors reproduced the major features of DIPG, and genome-wide analyses indicated a resetting of the transformed precursors to a developmentally more primitive stem cell state, with evidence of major modifications of histone marks at several master regulator genes. Gene expression data from the transformed precursors clustered tightly with patient samples of H3.3K27M mutated gliomas rather than wild type or H3.3G34R/V gliomas. In addition, the tumors formed in animals upon grafting the transformed cells into the pons of immunocompromised mice, demonstrated key histological features of DIPG, including infiltration of the pons, leptomeningeal spread and encasement of the basilar artery. We established a drug screening system based on a competitive assay between the transformed precursors and normal neural precursors. Assays identified a compound targeting the protein menin as an inhibitor of tumor cell growth in vitro and in mice. The drug was validated in cell lines established from DIPG samples. Ongoing work aims to establish efficacy of the drug in a large series as well as its pharmacokinetics and blood brain barrier permeability. In addition, we are investigating the role of menin in enhancing the tumorigenic potential of DIPG. These data highlight a considerable potential for human embryonic stem cell systems as a platform for developing cancer models.
Textual Encodings in The Merchant of Venice

The presence and influence of the Amazons, Hippolyta and Emilia, and the assertive French female warriors, Joan and Margaret, generate a powerful sense of instability that endangers gender roles and threatens to erode national and cultural identity. The next two chapters will focus on Jews and Moors in order to explore the place of the written word in the cross-cultural experience. I will argue that in The Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus, and Othello the cross-cultural encounter, while retaining its gender foundation, becomes a textual negotiation.
Cerebral Candidiasis Sequelae in Premature Infants

Cerebral candidiasis in two premature infants, severely handicapped on follow-up at 3 and 6 years, is reported from the Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
CDC Online Course: Reproductive Health in Emergency Preparedness and Response

Abstract In an emergency, the needs of women of reproductive age, particularly pregnant and postpartum women, introduce unique challenges for public health and clinical care. Incorporating reproductive health issues and considerations into emergency preparedness and response is a relatively new field. In recent years, several resources and tools specific to reproductive health have been developed. However, there is still a need for training about the effects of emergencies on women of reproductive age. In an effort to train medical and public health professionals about these topics, the CDC Division of Reproductive Health developed Reproductive Health in Emergency Preparedness and Response, an online course that is available across the United States.
Preferential positioning and phase exposure of granular particles at hydrophobic liquid-water interface

Abstract The positioning of granular limestone and quartz particles at the hydrophobic liquid-water interfaces was evaluated and compared experimentally and analyzed by the theoretical analyses by considering the electrostatic interaction and gravitational effects. Experiments were performed with light hydrophobic liquids (tetradecane, silicone oil with viscosities 10 and 100 cSt, and South Louisiana crude oil) which were submerged by granular limestone and quartz with different particle sizes (average particle radius 0.25, 0.10,
In Vitro Methotrexate: A Practical Approach to Selective Allodepletion.

Abstract Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) remains a major cause of transplant-related morbidity and mortality in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Selective depletion of alloreactive T-cells may alleviate GvHD, while still maintaining other advantages conferred by donor T-cells, such as graft survival, antiviral immunity and graft-versus-leukemia effect. While several strategies for in vitro allodepletion have been proposed, their transition from pre-clinical studies to clinical use is sometimes hindered due to choice of reagent or technique. In this study, we evaluated the potential use of methotrexate (MTX), an FDA-approved drug known to inhibit T-cell proliferation, as an agent for specific in vitro allodepletion. Using a sensitive, flow cytometry-based proliferation assay, we first evaluated the effect of MTX on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation in an HLA-mismatched one-way MLR. Addition of MTX resulted in significant inhibition of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation in MLR as well as superantigen-stimulated control reactions (n=14; p Download : Download high-res image (61KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (84KB) Download : Download full-size image
Giddy Lies the Head that Wears the Crown: Apoplexy and Political Spectacle in 2 Henry IV

Henry IV's apoplexy is an unusual moment of diagnosis in Sh akespeare's histories. This paper analyzes the specific conditions of Henry IV's apoplexy in 2 Henry IV : as a corporeal disease, as a politica l metaphor, and as a metatheatrical commentary on the conditions of performative spectacle. Henry IV's apoplexy reveals the precarious context of the imperial Tudor monarchy, particularly in terms of Elizabeth's ambiguous succession and the performative nature of her reign. Through apoplexy, 2 Henry IV overturns political hierarchies and portrays the constructed nature of political performance as a "paper crown."
A Moon Shot

Apparently not all old white men in Salem are bad people. Mr. Hanning, the gray-haired white man who owned the building that housed El Palmar, quietly agreed in September to sell his building to Ranulfo and Pablo—and he agreed to finance it himself.
Parental Monitoring Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Associations With Sexual Activity and HIV-Related Sexual Risk Behaviors.

Abstract Purpose Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are at disproportionate risk for HIV infection. Parental monitoring is protective against adolescent sexual risk behavior among heterosexual adolescents, yet it is unclear whether these findings generalize to YMSM. YMSM experience unique family dynamics during adolescence, including coming out to parents and parental rejection of sexual orientation. The present study examined how theoretically derived parental monitoring constructs were associated with sexual activity and sexual risk behaviors among YMSM. Methods YMSM aged 14–18 years completed a cross-sectional online survey (n = 646). Factor analysis was completed to determine factor structure of monitoring measure. Sexual behaviors were predicted from monitoring constructs and covariates within regression models. Results Parental knowledge and adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, parental control, and adolescent secret-keeping emerged as four distinct monitoring constructs among YMSM. Higher knowledge and disclosure (b = −.32, p = .022), higher control (b = −.28, p = .006), lower solicitation (b = .31, p = .008), and lower secret-keeping (b = .25, p = .015) were associated with lower odds of sexual activity with males in the past 6 months. Higher knowledge and disclosure (b = −.12, p = .016), higher control (b = −.08, p = .039), and lower secret-keeping (b = .11, p = .005) were associated with having fewer recent sexual partners. Monitoring constructs were unassociated with condomless anal intercourse instances among sexually active YMSM. Conclusions YMSM disclosure is closely tied with parental knowledge, and parents should foster relationships and home environments where YMSM are comfortable disclosing information freely. Effective parental monitoring could limit YMSM's opportunities for sexual activity, but monitoring is not sufficient to protect against HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among sexually active YMSM.
Requisite for Collection and Distribution of Tissue and Fluid Specimens for Molecular Diagnostics and Discovery in Bladder Cancer

The trend of medical treatment becoming more and more personalized has also impacted the management of patients at risk, diagnosed and treated for bladder cancer. Traditional pathological specimens obtained through diagnostic procedures or surgical resection were mainly targeted for routine pathological evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis. The field of molecular diagnostics is rapidly expanding leading to an increased need to do ancillary testing on patient specimens to aid in diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer patients for recurrence and treatment efficacy. In addition, the increased availability of targeted molecular therapies has led to an increased need to profile and classify tumors based on their molecular characteristics. While molecular diagnostic methods continue to be improved and optimized to be able to analyze standard clinical specimens, there is an urgent need to update and improve current routine clinical and pathological methodology in order to provide improved standardized specimen collection and processing to obtain more reproducible and accurate molecular assay results. The pathologist will be critical in the communication between the clinical team and the molecular diagnostics laboratory, balance the increasing demand to provide tissue from limited resources, and improve current processes to expand these resources and deal with the constraints of routine clinical practice.
A fossil caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Eocene of Colorado

A new genus and species of fossil caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Lower Eocene (Ypresian) Green River Formation of Colorado is described. Litholimnephilops yinani gen. et sp. nov. is the first adult caddisfly to be described from the Green River Formation, and is characterized by large adult body size, presence of ocelli, dark leg spines, and a lack of terminal crossveins in the anterior anastomosis region of the forewings. Terminal genitalia are not visible in the preserved specimen. Familial placement is uncertain, though similarities with the families Limnephilidae and Phryganeidae are observed.
3.3 – Propagation of the Action Potential

This chapter describes how the action potential moves along axons and how the velocity of this movement depends on the size and myelination of the axon. The velocity of action potential propagation depends solely on the time required to reach threshold at points distant from excitation. This occurs through passive or electrotonic spread of current. This chapter introduces the cable properties of nerves as the determinant of action potential propagation. The cable properties are the space or length constant and the time constant. These vary with transmembrane resistance, the membrane capacitance, and the axial resistance. Transmembrane resistance is increased proportionate to myelination, and membrane capacitance is lowered with increasing myelination. Axial resistance varies with the inverse of the cross-sectional area. Formulas for the length constant and time constant are derived. This chapter ends with a discussion of saltatory conduction.
Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System: Research Challenges and Opportunities

Excessive alcohol consumption has long been associated with cardiovascular disorders, including cardiomyopathy, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. However, recent evidence suggests that moderate alcohol intake can actually provide a measure of cardioprotection, particularly against coronary heart disease and ischemia-reperfusion injury. To explore the various dimensions of these opposing actions of alcohol, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored a state-of-the-art workshop on “Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System: Research Challenges and Opportunities” in Bethesda, Maryland, in May 2003. Speakers discussed the following topics: the epidemiology of alcohol and cardiovascular disease, clinical manifestations of alcohol, genetics of alcohol and cardiovascular disease, mechanisms underlying the molecular and cellular effects of alcohol, the application of new and emerging technology, and translation from discovery to therapeutic modalities of treatment. The panel concluded that future studies are needed to: 1) determine the role of genes and the environment in assessing mechanisms underlying the benefits of alcohol use and cardiovascular disease risk; 2) define the biological mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced peripheral vascular damage; 3) clarify the role of genetic variation in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, genetic susceptibility, and pharmacogenomics in determining cardiovascular disease risk and effective treatment; 4) determine common mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced cardiovascular disease, such as oxidative stress and inflammation; 5) assess the role of insulin resistance, blood clotting, protein kinase C isoforms, and signal transduction mechanisms mediating alcohol’s beneficial effects; and 6) explore the potential of stem cells in myocardial regeneration and repair in hearts damaged by alcohol.