cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medication administration errors in adult patients in the ICU.

Objective: To quantify the incidence and specify the types of medication administration errors from a list of error-prone medications and to determine if patient harm resulted from these errors. Design: An observational evaluation. Setting: Five intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States. Patients and participants: Eight hundred fifty-one patients who were at least 18 years of age and admitted to surgical, medical or mixed ICUs during a 3 month period were included. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: A list of error-prone medications was adapted from the literature and evaluated for medication errors and patient harm. Of 5,744 observations in 851 patients, 187 (3.3%) medication administration errors were detected. the therapeutic classes most commonly associated with errors were vasoactive drugs 61 (32.6%) and sedative/analgesics 48 (25.7%). The most common type of error was wrong infusion rate with 71 (40.1%) errors. Twenty-one errors did not reach the patient and 159 reached the patient but did not result in harm, increased monitoring or intervention. Five errors required increased patient monitoring and two required intervention. None of the errors resulted in patient death. Conclusions: This multicenter evaluation found fewer medication administration errors than the published literature, possibly due to the varying observational techniques and pharmacist involvement. Lorazepam and wrong infusion rates are associated with errors that occurred frequently, resulted in the greatest potential for harm and were common oversights in the system. These errors should be considered potential areas for betterment in the medication use process to improve patient safety.
First-principles study of strain-induced modulation of energy gaps of graphene/BN and BN bilayers

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are performed on graphene/BN and BN bilayers to investigate the effect of the strain on their energy gaps. For the graphene/BN bilayer, the bands have characteristic graphenelike features with a small band gap at $K$. Application of strain modulates the band gap, whose magnitude depends on the strength of interaction between constituent monolayers. For the BN bilayer, on the other hand, a large band gap is predicted, which remains nearly the same for small strains. The increased inhomogeneity in charge density of different carbon sublattices due to a stronger interplanar interaction is the cause of the predicted variation in the band gap with strains applied along the perpendicular direction in the graphene/BN bilayer.
Possible Evidence for Pulsed ∼1012 eV Gamma Rays from NP 0532

I HAVE found experimental and theoretical evidence in studies of extensive air showers (EAS) that suggests that EAS initiated by a primary γ-ray (or electron) may be distinguished with a probability of >70% from those initiated by cosmic rays at energies ∼1012 eV (ref. 1). This distinction is made possible by the identification of a unique feature of the EAS Cerenkov radiation that is attributable to the penetrating muon component in selected EAS and thus only expected for EAS initiated by cosmic rays. The sensitivity of experiments used to search for point sources of primary γ-rays near Eγ ∼1012 eV has also been increased by the improved angular resolution possible with the new methods of Cerenkov detection of EAS.
Synthesis and characterization of processable polyborate precursors

Polyborates have been formed by disproportionation and polycondensation of trimethoxyboroxine and also of trimethoxyboroxine and boric acid. The crtiical role of stoichiometry in the formation of polyborates without requiring incorporation of a metal counter ion is revealed. The emphasis is on integration of this chemistry with fabrication processes. Incorporation of an appropriate linear organic polymer is shown to yield the required rheological and thermal characteristics in this regard. These polyborates are inferred to be suitable as precursors for boron nitride in geometrical forms that can be processed as supported structures. However, they are also determined to be unsuitable as precursors for boron nitride fibers, oriented or isotropic, primarily due to their low glass transition temperature.
Development, characterization, and viral susceptibility of a feline (Felis catus) renal cell line (CRFK).

Cell line CRFK, derived from kidney tissue of a normal domestic kitten, was initiated in 1964. With intermittent periods of storage in the frozen state, it has been grown in vitro during more than 200 passages, without apparent loss of susceptibility to selected viruses. Various herpesviruses and feline viruses belonging to differnet virus groups grow readily and with distinct, cytopathic features. The cells now grow as a smooth monolayer of epithelial-like cells; most have 37 chromosomes (2n−1) and are thus aneuploid for cat karyotype. Three distinct marker chromosomes are identified. The cell line, which is free of mycoplasmal contaimination, is useful in feline virus research and diagnostic medicine and has become of particular interest in cancer research.
Intracellular signaling through long-range linked functions in the Ca2+ transport ATPase

The Ca2+ transport ATPases of intracellular membranes exhibit an intracellular long-range functional linkage which is the basic mechanistic device for Ca2+ transport through ATP utilization. The functional linkage operates between a phosphorylation (catalytic) domain located in the extramembranous region, and a Ca2+ binding domain located in the membrane bound region of the enzyme. The two domains are separated by a distance of approximately 50 A, and are both affected by binding of a single molecule of the highly specific inhibitor, thapsigargin, to the enzyme. Functional and structural features are here described to explain the long-range linkage through the protein structure.
PHAGE FORMATION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS MUSCAE CULTURES : I. A FACTOR NECESSARY FOR PHAGE FORMATION

1. A factor necessary for the formation, of Staphylococcus muscae phage was found in acid digests of many highly purified proteins. 2. The factor is released from egg albumen and pepsin by peptic digestion. 3. No amino acids tried could replace the acid digests of proteins as a source of the factor. 4. The factor, when added to a multiplying bacteria-phage system, cannot be found in purified phage or in the lysate after complete lysis of the system has taken place.
Intuitive explanation for low roundoff noise in normal realizations of narrow-band digital filters

The low roundoff noise performance of narrow-band low-pass digital filters realized in normal form is explained in terms of the zeros of the internal transfer functions that control the dynamic range-roundoff noise interaction. For narrow-band filters that have pole pairs close to the real axis, the internal transfer functions of normal realizations have a zero between each of these pole pairs. The effect of this zero is to reduce the norm of the transfer function, and produce a more favorable tradeoff between dynamic range and roundoff noise.
An animal model of venous hypertension: the role of inflammation in venous valve failure.

Background Clinical observation suggests that chronic venous insufficiency is related to failure of venous valves. Duplex ultrasound studies of lower extremity superficial veins regularly show valve failure and venous reflux. Gross morphologic observation of venous valves in surgical specimens shows tearing, splitting, scarring, and disappearance of valves. Hypothesis Venous valve damage is acquired, linked with venous hypertension, and affected by inflammation. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory process in valve remodeling associated with acute and chronic venous hypertension. Methods A femoral arteriovenous fistula was created in study animals (Wistar rats, n=60), and animals without an arteriovenous fistula were studied as controls (n = 5). At 1, 7, 21, and 42 days animals with the femoral arteriovenous fistula were anesthetized, and systemic pressure, the pressure in the femoral vein distal to fistula, and the pressure of the femoral vein in the contralateral hind limb were measured. Timed collection of blood backflow after division of the femoral vein distal to the fistula and in the alive, anesthetized animal was collected, measured, and calculated per unit time to be used as an indicator of valve insufficiency. The femoral vein distal to the fistula was harvested; valvular structures were examined and measured. Specimens were processed, and longitudinal sections were made and challenged with immunostaining antibodies against matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Sections were examined, and expression of molecular markers was determined by light absorption measurements after image digitization. Results One week after the procedure, all animals exhibited some degree of hind limb edema ipsilateral to the arteriovenous fistula. Pressure in the femoral vein distal to the fistula was markedly increased on average to 96 ± 9 mm Hg. Reflux was increased in a time-dependent manner, with the 21-day and 42-day groups showing the highest values. Valves just distal to the fistula showed an increased diameter of the valvular annulus and a shortening of the annular height. Venous wall findings included fibrosis and fusion of the media and adventitia and scarring and disappearance of valves principally in the 21- and 42-day specimens. Immunolabeling for MMP-2 showed an increased level in the 21- and 42-day groups. MMP-9 showed an increased level at 1 day, followed by a more marked level in the 21- and 42-day groups. Conclusions In this animal model of venous hypertension the findings of limb edema, increasing valvular reflux, and morphologic changes of increased annulus diameter and valve height are seen. Histologic changes included massive fibrosis of media and fusion with adventitia. Inflammatory markers MMP-2 and MMP-9 are strongly represented, and valve disappearance occurs after these markers are present. The gross morphologic changes seen are quite similar to those observed in human surgical specimens removed in treatment of venous insufficiency.
Memory and learning performances in POW survivors with history of malnutrition and combat veteran controls.

Abstract Former prisoners of war (POWs) with histories of malnutrition and body wasting were compared on standardized measures of memory and learning with POW survivors who sustained less confinement body weight loss and combat veterans of similar ages and military assignments. Results showed that POWs who sustained the greatest degree of trauma-induced weight loss, or that exceeding 35% of their precaptivity body weights, performed significantly worse on four of the five Wechsler Memory Scale /3- Revised (WMS-R) indices, showed more rapid rates of forgetting on the Visual Reproduction test, and exhibited slower acquisition rates and less sophisticated mastery of the learning materials on a modified version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Given their relatively intact performances on measures of general intelligence and attention-concentration, the POWs with a history of severe malnutrition appeared to evidence a pattern of cognitive limitations qualitatively similar to that associated with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome.
A Model-Driven SOA Implementation of Multi-Channel Websphere Commerce Gift Center

This multi-channel commerce gift registry solution is a design using a service-oriented architecture for real-time communication amongst a central Web application server, store branches and telesales centers. Product information, promotions, order entries, and services are fully integrated across sales channels and customer touch points, such as Web browsers, telephones, store kiosks, wireless shopping buddies, and scanners. This solution was developed by a model-driven approach, which begins with modeling of business processes of how shoppers can be enabled from gift ideas to coordinated gift givings, during which each is possibly working with a different channel and at different stores. The solution has helped create the Websphere Commerce Gift Center as a leadership product offering, recognized by the Gartner Magic Quadrant for e-Commerce in 2007.
Mobility Index-Based Navigation for Mandatory Re-Routing Scenarios

Roadway navigation systems have become increasingly popular, providing efficient routing through a roadway network. In most cases, routes are selected by minimizing some cost function, such as time or distance. However, a shortest-duration or shortest-distance route may not always work well due to unexpected roadway infrastructure conditions (e.g. unscheduled road shutdown) or major traffic problems, in which drivers will need to change routes on the fly. We refer to this as mandatory re-routing. There are several possible scenarios when mandatory re-routing is necessary, such as: 1) a major incident (i.e. accident) occurs, shutting down the roadway; 2) unscheduled emergency maintenance of the infrastructure; or 3) severe weather conditions. In many metropolitan roadway networks, traffic conditions are often very unpredictable. When roadways quickly become severely congested, drivers normally want to change their routes because the pre-defined route may no longer be optimal, i.e. the shortest-duration route may not guarantee minimal travel time and shortest-distance route may result in intolerable travel time. Re-routing capability is useful, but often real-time traffic information is delayed or non-existent. For these scenarios, it may be desirable to take a pre-defined route that gives the driver the highest degree of freedom (i.e. the path with the most routing choices) while traveling. In this paper, we describe a new routing methodology that is based on maximizing the routing choices while driving from a known location to a desired destination.
Direct transfer of a cold-tolerant Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm into cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata) via protoplast fusion

Cold tolerant cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was produced by the fusion of leaf protoplasts from fertile cabbage and cold-tolerant Ogura CMS broccoli lines. The cabbage lines tested showed great variation in plant regeneration from unfused protoplasts; three with high regenerability were selected as the fusion partners. Several procedures for eliminating the nuclear DNA of the broccoli fusion partner were tested. Diploid cabbage plants were identified by flow cytometry and morphological characters. Gamma-irradiation (30 krad) was the most successful procedure; isolation of cytoplasts from broccoli leaf protoplasts, followed by gamma-irradiation of the cytoplast fraction, also produced diploids. UV-irradiation of the broccoli protoplasts was less effective. PCR using primers for an Ogura CMS-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence permitted the identification of cybrids likely to be CMS. Over 200 diploid plants with the CMS-specific sequence were obtained from 66 independent fusion products and three cabbage lines. Plants were ready for transfer into soil within 8 months after fusion. The plants identified as CMS by PCR produced male-sterile flowers. Our procedures permit the transfer of a desirable male-sterile cytoplasm into cabbage much more rapidly than conventional backcrossing procedures.
Chronological Evolution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Children With Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Abstract Objective To describe and analyze the chronological evolution of the radiological findings in seven children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome. Methods This is a retrospective study describing the radiological findings and evolution in seven children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome who presented from 2009 to 2013. The children all fit the defined clinical criteria for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome; all had a history of normal psychomotor development who presented with acute-onset catastrophic partial status epilepticus associated with a febrile illness or unspecific infectious process. The children were identified from the author's weekly review of the pediatric inpatient service, and then the data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Six males and one female ranging from 3 months to 9 years of age presented with status epilepticus preceded by a febrile illness. Extensive investigations for infectious, autoimmune, and metabolic etiologies were unremarkable. Multiple antiepileptic medications were attempted, including drug-induced coma in all of them, with poor response. Immunotherapy with intravenous steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (three patients had both) was tried in six of seven patients with a poor response. Ketogenic diet was initiated in four of seven patients with limited response. Serial magnetic resonance imaging studies, done from the initial presentation through 18 months of follow-up, showed evolution from normal imaging to severe cerebral atrophy. Progressive cytotoxic edema involving mostly bilateral hippocampi and temporal lobes was appreciated in one to three weeks. At one month from seizure onset, mild to moderate cerebral atrophy and hippocampal sclerosis was appreciated that continued to progress over the next year. After six to twelve months, most of the patients showed moderate to severe cerebral atrophy and by one year, cerebellar atrophy was also appreciated. Conclusion Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome is a devastating epilepsy syndrome of childhood without a diagnostic biologic marker. The magnetic resonance imaging findings appear to be progressive and typical. Thus, combined with the clinical course, imaging findings can help to confirm the diagnosis (until a biologic marker is found). This hopefully will allow multicentered treatment protocols in the future.
WOMEN, RACE, AND CRIME *

This paper explores the capacity of alternative theoretical perspectives to explain the self-reported criminality of black and white young adult females. When criminal involvement is regressed on the theory operation-alizations separately by race, a key difference emerges: For white women, significant effects are clustered in the social-psychological theory groups (bonding, attitudes, and maturation), but for the black women the social-psychological variables have only scattered and inconsistent eflects. Instead, for black women structural indicators emerge as the important predictors of criminal involvement.
Electrical properties of arsenic-antimony alloys

Abstract Results are presented of measurements of some electrical transport properties of both single crystals and polycrystalline specimens of arsenic-antimony alloys. In contrast to certain bismuth-antimony alloys, which are well-documented as semiconductors, the arsenic-antimony alloys are all semimetals. Electrical resistivity results as a function of composition are in reasonable agreement with Nordheim's rule: the changes of scattering with composition have a much larger effect on the electron transport properties than the changes in the overlap of the valence and conduction bands. It is suggested that the overlaps in arsenic and antimony are so large compared with that in bismuth that the comparatively small effect producing the gap in the bismuth-antimony alloys can make little difference to the total overlap in the arsenic-antimony alloys. Results are given also of measurements of the thermoelectric figure of merit which is much smaller than that of the bismuth-antimony alloys.
Pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes: injectable medications.

Objective: To review the oral and injectable pharmacologic treatment options for type 2 diabetes. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed electronic database for studies published in English between 1993 and September 2014. Search terms included diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, and the individual name for each antidiabetic medication reviewed. In addition, manual searches were performed for cross-references from publications. Package inserts, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web site, Institute for Safe Medication Practices Web site, American Diabetes Association Web site and scientific session poster presentations, and individual drug company Web pages were also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: This review focused on information elucidated over the past 10 years to assist prescribers in choosing optimal therapy based on individual patient characteristics. Studies leading to the approval of or raising safety concerns for the antidiabetic medications re...
From Science to Guidelines: The Future for Resuscitation

The periodic development and publication of treatment guidelines is integral to the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. The methods for guideline development have evolved over the past few decades, and the process itself has become the subject of increasing scientific investigation. An internationally validated tool for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines is The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument. Applying this tool to the ILCOR 2010 International Consensus on CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and ECC (emergency cardiac care) Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) and the resulting member council guidelines will be a valuable initial step in evaluating both the process and the product. By doing so, important strengths can be recognized as well as opportunities for improvement moving forward. Beyond validated tools to assess and improve the quality of the traditional guidelines process, a critical reassessment of the overall strategy for improving cardiac arrest outcomes is indicated. From the lay-provider perspective, innovative approaches to facilitate performance of bystander CPR are needed. This is likely to entail more individualized instructional methods that are titrated to the provider’s capabilities for learning and performance. What the future might hold for professional providers is a more individualized treatment strategy titrated to real-time physiologic monitoring with mechanized delivery of therapies guided by real-time computer-aided medical decision-making. These individualized instructional and treatment strategies could revolutionize our approach to cardiac arrest resuscitation, and dramatically change how guidelines are developed, implemented and evaluated.
Bifurcations of dynamic rays in complex polynomials of degree two

In the study of bifurcations of the family of degree-two complex polynomials, attention has been given mainly to parameter values within the Mandelbrot set M (e.g., connectedness of the Julia set and period doubling). The reason for this is that outside M, the Julia set is at all times a hyperbolic Cantor set. In this paper weconsider precisely this, values of the parameter in the complement of M. We find bifurcations occurring not on the Julia set itself but on the dynamic rays landing on itfrom infinity. As the parameter crosses the external rays of M, in the dynamic plane the points of the Julia set gain and lose dynamic rays. We describe these bifurcations with the aid of a family of circle maps and we study in detail the case of the fixed points.
Association of REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease may reflect an underlying synucleinopathy.

Our objective was to examine whether rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder occurs in disproportionally greater frequency in multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), collectively known as the synucleinopathies, compared to other nonsynucleinopathy neurodegenerative disorders. In study 1, we reviewed the clinical records of 398 consecutive patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester for parkinsonism and/or cognitive impairment. The frequency of suspected and polysomnogram (PSG)-confirmed REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) among subjects with the synucleinopathies MSA, PD, or DLB was compared to the frequency among subjects with the nonsynucleinopathies Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). In study 2, we reviewed the clinical records of 360 consecutive patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic Jacksonville for parkinsonism and/or cognitive impairment. The frequency of probable RBD among patients with PD and DLB was compared to the frequency among patients with AD and MCI. In study 3, we reviewed the brain biopsy or postmortem autopsy diagnoses of 23 Mayo Clinic Rochester patients who had been clinically examined for possible RBD and a neurodegenerative disorder. In study 1, patients with MSA, PD, or DLB were more likely to have probable and PSG-confirmed RBD compared to subjects with the nonsynucleinopathies (probable RBD 77/120=64% vs. 7/278=3%, p < 0.01; PSG-confirmed RBD 47/120=39% vs. 1/278=0%, p < 0.01). In study 2, patients with PD and DLB were more likely to have probable RBD compared to those with AD and MCI (56% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). In study 3, of the 23 autopsied patients who had been questioned about possible RBD, 10 were clinically diagnosed with RBD. The neuropathologic diagnoses in these 10 included Lewy body disease in nine, and MSA in one. Of the other 13 cases, 12 did not have a history suggesting RBD, and the one case who did had normal electromyographic atonia during REM sleep on PSG and autopsy findings of PSP. Only one of these 13 had a synucleinopathy. The positive predictive values for RBD indicating a synucleinopathy for studies 1-3 were 91.7%, 94.3%, and 100.0%, respectively. Clinically suspected and PSG-proven RBD occurs with disproportionally greater frequency in MSA, PD, and DLB compared to other neurodegenerative disorders. In the setting of degenerative dementia and/or parkinsonism, we hypothesize that RBD is a manifestation of an evolving synucleinopathy.
On capacity of frequency selective multipath channels with path correlations

This paper presents results of ergodic capacity of frequency selective multipath fading channels with path correlations. The exact capacity expression is derived. The main result establishes that, for the uncorrelated case, the ergodic capacity does not depend on either the number of taps or the power delay profile of the channel. However when tap correlation is taken into account, this statement is no longer valid, and high dependence on the channel profile is observed. Although it is impossible to test the impact of different tap correlation models exhaustively, detailed analytical study is carried out under a particular neighbor tap correlation model, i.e., only two neighbor taps are correlated. The worst case that yields the minimal capacity is identified after the intractable and non-convex problem is translated into a convex optimization one. An exact analytical power delay profile for arbitrary number of taps is derived in this case.
Solutions for nonlinear convection in the presence of a lateral boundary

Abstract A method is described for calculating steady-state patterns in large-scale nonlinear systems, taking into account the effect of a lateral boundary and without the need for extensive numerical calculations. The key feature is the determination of the phase shift of the nonlinear periodic form distant from the boundary as a function of wavelength. This is found by analyzing the solution close to the boundary, where Floquet theory is used to describe the departure of the solution from its periodic form. For a restricted band of wavelengths lying within the Eckhaus boundary, dual solutions for the phase shift are found, one of which corresponds to an unstable state. Results are presented here for the one-dimensional Swift–Hohenberg equation in a semi-infinite domain but in principle the method can be applied to more general pattern-forming systems. The results are compared with the predictions of weakly nonlinear theory and with nonlinear computations on a large but finite domain.
Invasion of Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa) and comparison of migration to the intestine between susceptible and resistant fish hosts

The myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta infects salmonids causing ceratomyxosis, a disease elicited by proliferation of the parasite in the intestine. This parasite is endemic to the Pacific Northwest of North America and salmon and trout strains from endemic river basins show increased resistance to the parasite. It has been suggested that these resistant fish (i) exclude the parasite at the site of invasion and/or (ii) prevent establishment in the intestine. Using parasites pre-labeled with a fluorescent stain, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl diacetate (CFSE), the gills were identified as the site of attachment of C. shasta in a susceptible fish strain. In situ hybridization (ISH) of histological sections was then used to describe the invasion of the parasites in the gill filaments. To investigate differences in the progress of infection between resistant and susceptible fish, a C. shasta-susceptible strain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a C. shasta-resistant strain of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were sampled at consecutive time points following exposure at an endemic site. Using ISH in both species, the parasite was observed to migrate from the gill epithelium into the gill blood vessels where replication and release of parasite stages occurred. Quantitative PCR verified entry of the parasite into the blood. Parasite levels in blood increased 4 days p.i. and remained at a consistent level until the second week when parasite abundance increased further and coincided with host mortality. The timing of parasite replication and migration to the intestine were similar for both fish species. The field exposure dose was unexpectedly high and apparently overwhelmed the Chinook salmon’s defenses, as no evidence of resistance to parasite penetration into the gills or prevention of parasite establishment in the intestine was observed.
Modeling of symbolic systems: Part II - Hilbert space construction for model identification and order reduction

This paper, which is the second of two parts, is built upon the vector space of symbolic systems represented by probabilistic finite State automata (PFSA) reported in the first part. This second part addresses the Hilbert space construction for model identification, where order reduction is achieved via orthogonal projection. To this end, a family of inner products is constructed and the norm induced by an inner product is interpreted as a measure of information contained in the PFSA, which also quantifies the error due to model order reduction. A numerical example elucidates the process of model order reduction by orthogonal projection from the space of PFSA onto a subspace that belongs to the class of shifts of finite type.
Sequential Saphenous Vein Coronary Bypass Graft With Patency of 22 Years

A 76-year-old woman who had a coronary artery bypass using a sequential saphenous vein graft to the diagonal branch and the left anterior descending artery (LAD) remained free of chest pain for 22 years. She was recently diagnosed with critical aortic valve …
Chromosome Association of Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins in Drosophila Endoreplication Cycles

Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are essential eukaryotic DNA replication factors. The binding of MCMs to chromatin oscillates in conjunction with progress through the mitotic cell cycle. This oscillation is thought to play an important role in coupling DNA replication to mitosis and limiting chromosome duplication to once per cell cycle. The coupling of DNA replication to mitosis is absent in Drosophila endoreplication cycles (endocycles), during which discrete rounds of chromosome duplication occur without intervening mitoses. We examined the behavior of MCM proteins in endoreplicating larval salivary glands, to determine whether oscillation of MCM–chromosome localization occurs in conjunction with passage through an endocycle S phase. We found that MCMs in polytene nuclei exist in two states: associated with or dissociated from chromosomes. We demonstrate that cyclin E can drive chromosome association of DmMCM2 and that DNA synthesis erases this association. We conclude that mitosis is not required for oscillations in chromosome binding of MCMs and propose that cycles of MCM–chromosome association normally occur in endocycles. These results are discussed in a model in which the cycle of MCM–chromosome associations is uncoupled from mitosis because of the distinctive program of cyclin expression in endocycles.
The quest for procedural safety: a suggested framework for the clinical study of operator-based technical errors during surgical procedures.

i s s d m f c i e c d p atrogenic injuries during surgical procedures are a common ause of adverse events. We can classify surgical errors as rrors of omission (failure to do actions that should be one), errors of commission (doing actions that should not e done), errors in timing (doing appropriate actions but in he wrong order or at the wrong time), and technical errors selecting appropriate actions and times but not doing them n the proper way) [1]. What constitutes proper technique? What constitutes a echnical error? Quality improvement and patient safety rograms give us the opportunity to study what it means to o a technical procedure in the proper way. What is needed s a framework for describing relevant technical compoents of a procedure and methods for collecting information n their relation to outcomes. No doubt, once started, the xperience of doing outcomes research in the operating oom will prove to be more complex and will result in efinement of a proposed basic framework. A technical procedure is a test or therapy whose success epends, in part, on the psychomotor skill of the operator. A rocedure, such as an operation, is composed of steps, a lanned series of actions that may or may not be unique to hat procedure. Physicians vary in their overall technical kill and in their skill with individual procedures. Those ariations are based on their choice of technique and on heir ability to do the technique. What is needed is an nderstanding of which techniques produce the best outomes for the broad group of surgeons performing the rocedure. When part of a procedure is done using a technique that an be shown to increase the risk of an adverse outcome, a echnical error has occurred. For example, using electrosurery to enter the trachea during a tracheostomy increases the isk of a surgical fire [2]—an error has occurred, whether or
Insulin resistance in critically ill patients with acute renal failure.

Mortality in critically ill patients with acute renal failure (ARF) remains high. Hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance has been associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill intens...
What factors matter for trade at the global level? Testing five approaches to globalization, 1820–2007:

This article uses a global-level dataset with information across nearly two centuries to explore the factors associated with the expansion of international trade. The results of the autoregressive ...
Performance of a Rapid Assay (Binax NOW) for Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus at a Children's Hospital over a 3-Year Period

A rapid assay, Binax NOW RSV, was compared to viral culture for 14,756 pediatric respiratory specimens obtained from 2003 to 2006. There were 794 viral culture-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infections. Sensitivity was 81%, and specificity was 93.2%. Sensitivity was greatest for neonates (91.1% versus 80.7% [P < 0.01]).
Roles of serine accumulation and catabolism in the colonization of the murine urinary tract by Escherichia coli CFT073

A d-serine deaminase (DsdA) mutant of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 has a hypercolonization phenotype in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to increased virulence gene expression by an unknown mechanism (B. J. Haugen et al., Infect. Immun. 75:278-289, 2007). DsdC is a d-serine-dependent activator of dsdXA transcription. DsdC may regulate the virulence genes responsible for hypercolonization. The loss of DsdA leads to increased intracellular accumulation of d-serine. In this study we show that deletion of the genes encoding l-serine deaminases SdaA and SdaB resulted in a mutant that accumulates higher intracellular levels of l-serine than CFT073. CFT073 sdaA sdaB has a mild competitive colonization defect whereas a CFT073 dsdA sdaA sdaB triple mutant shows a greater loss in competitive colonization ability. Thus, the inability to generate serine-specific catabolic products does not result in hypercolonization and the ability to catabolize serine represents a positive physiological trait during murine UTI. CFT073 dsdC and CFT073 dsdC dsdA mutants continue to outcompete the wild type in the UTI model. These results confirm that loss of DsdA activity results in the hypercolonization phenotype and that DsdC does not play a direct role in the elevated-colonization phenotype. Interestingly, a CFT073 dsdA mutant with deletions of d-serine transporter genes dsdX and cycA shows wild-type colonization levels of the bladder but is attenuated for kidney colonization. Thus, d-serine acts as a signal for hypercolonization and virulence gene expression by CFT073 dsdA, whereas overall catabolism of serine represents a positive Escherichia coli fitness trait during UTI.
Dissipative forces in the electrowetted Cassie-Wenzel transition on hydrophobic rough surfaces

Dissipative forces in the electrowetting-induced Cassie-Wenzel transition on hydrophobic rough surfaces are explored. High-speed imaging of droplet shape evolution during the electrically induced spreading process allows for the location of the contact line to be tracked as a function of time. A surface energy analysis quantifies the total energy dissipated via nonconservative forces during the spreading process. Though identified as the dominant dissipative effect in droplet spreading on smooth surfaces, contact line friction is shown to have a relatively weak influence on the spreading on rough surfaces. Supplemental files are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering to view the free supplemental file.
Teaching Progress: A Critique of the Grand Narrative of Human Rights as Pedagogy for Marginalized Students

With the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, education about human rights became an important focus of the new human rights regime and a core method of spreading its values throughout the world. This story of human rights is consistently presented as a progressive teleology that contextualizes the expansion of rights within a larger grand narrative of liberalization, emancipation, and social justice. This paper examines the disjuncture between the grand narrative on international movements for human rights and social justice and the lived experiences of marginalized students in urban environments in the United States. Drawing on our experience as professors who teach human rights, social justice, and social movements courses at an urban, four-year college in Providence, R.I., with a student body which includes large populations of students who are of color, first-generation, economically disadvantaged, and nontraditional in other ways, we explore the relevance and impact of these grand narratives for the lives of our students and their sense of agency. In particular, we advocate for a critical and transformational approach to human rights pedagogy to counter and overcome the pervasive individualization that undergirds the grand narrative of human rights. We argue that a critical (and radical) human rights pedagogy must evaluate the position of the individual in modern life if liberation through human rights law and activism is to be possible.
Human-Aware Autonomous Control for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) Systems

This paper discusses the design of a human-aware cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) system that (i) takes into account driver comfort in autonomous cruise control, and (ii) provides assistive corrections to avoid driver errors. To incorporate driver characteristics into system controller design, two self-learning algorithms are used to estimate driver’s preferred time headway. We then develop a human-like blending control for CACC based on a model predictive control (MPC)-type method, which integrates the driver comfort, traffic efficiency, and fuel economy criteria. Furthermore, a driving assistance controller is developed to help human driver to maintain string stability in platoon. Simulation results show that (i) the human-like CACC design can significantly improve driving experience, and (ii) with the help of the assistive controller, string stability is satisfied for both exclusively autonomous CACC and when the CACC switches to manual driving in a platoon.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Supreme Court as Democratic Representative

I argue that the Supreme Court should be studied as a democratic representative institution. While normative political theorists do not tend to view the Court as representative, their theorizing has produced a concept of representation that can be used a starting point for studying the Court. The Court is not the same sort of representative as a legislative representative, however: I argue the Court is unique in terms of its obligations, the judgment it exercises, and citizens' indirect exercise of sovereignty. The uniqueness of the Court's representative character indicates it is institutionally situated to act as a check on some of the excesses of democracy. Yet, unlike many other checks, I argue the Court is internal to the democratic system, that is, it is has the potential to be a democratic check. I conclude with the suggestion that some of the unique features of the Court highlight overlooked aspects of democratic representation. For one, studies of democratic representation should consider not only the particular institution in question, but also the context of the institution - its links to other institutions, and its relations to other political actors. For another, studying the Court as representative brings attention to the democratic virtues and vices of indirectness: indirectness might improve the character of deliberation, and act as an internal check on the potential excesses of popular sovereignty, but it also has the potential to decrease accountability.
Predictors of ertapenem therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in hospitalized adults: the importance of renal insufficiency and urinary pH

In hospitalized adults acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) and catheter associated bacteriuria (CAB) may be treated with oral antibiotics. With AUC or CAB due to extended spectrum s-lactamase (ESBL) + Gram negative bacilli (GNB) physicians often use intravenous therapy, e.g., ertapenem. We reviewed our recent experience in hospitalized adults with AUC and CAB treated with ertapenem. Therapeutic efficacy of ertapenem was assessed by decreased pyuria/bacteriuria, and elimination of the uropathogen. The effectiveness of ertapenem in the presence of renal insufficiency (CrCl 3 days) in patients with decreased renal function and alkaline urinary pH. We reviewed 45 hospitalized adults with AUC or CAB to determine if renal insufficiency and or alkaline urinary pH affected ertapenem efficacy. In the 33 adult hospitalized patients with AUC and 12 with CAB, we found that ertapenem was consistently effective in eliminating the GNB bacteriuria. In hospitalized adults, the presence of renal insufficiency and acid urine, bacteriuria was eliminated in 3 days which has not been previously reported.
Effect of Diphenylhydantoin Administration upon Concentration of Liver and Aortic Lipids.

SummaryThe effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS) and glycerol on K and Na content of freeze-thawed rabbit heart muscle have been determined. Both right atrial and left ventricular tissue were found to lose K and gain Na after freeze-thawing compared to freshly dissected tissue. The presence of 10% DMS or 15% glycerol during freeze-thawing did not prevent this loss of K or gain of Na. Glycerol was also found to produce a loss of K in ventricular tissue even in the absence of freeze-thawing.
DEGRADATION OF SYNTHETIC GLUCOSE-AMMONIUM TARTRATE LIQUID MEDIUM DURING AUTOCLAVING

Glucose-ammonium tartrate has been used for decades in culture media for fungi (1, 3). Frequently, these media are autoclaved in small aliquots (2). We recently autoclaved large volumes of a glucose-ammonium tartrate liquid medium in flasks. As the liquid media cooled, a patchy, oil-like film formed on the surface and developed into a dark brown, short, thread-like precipitate. Because we autoclaved liquid media in large volumes, we needed to determine the cause of the precipitate and to eliminate it. We found that glucose and ammonium tartrate, regardless of source, were responsible for the precipitate. Infrared spectra and flame emission spectroscopy showed no difference between lots of chemicals. Distilled water source and type
Geospatial Modeling Using Dempster–Shafer Theory

Uncertainty in spatial geometrical issues is represented using Dempster–Shafer (D–S) theory. Interval approaches are used for D–S uncertainty of spatial locations and the associated arithmetic operations on such intervals described. Categories of uncertainty for points and lines are defined using interval formulations. Based on these, approaches for calculation of geometric areas, line length and line slopes are given. Compatibility of imprecise point locations is discussed and potential aggregations for similar points considered. Finally, topological spatial relationships are described for objects with uncertain boundaries. This will provide a formal framework for the use of a D–S interval approach for uncertainty in spatial geometric issues.
Automatic Segmentation Algorithm of Video Object

An automatic video object segmentation algorithm based on wavelet transform and moving edge detection is proposed.Firstly,the new method makes the two-dimensional wavelet transform for two successive frames.Then change detection method and Canny edge detection are applied in wavelet domain.After merging the different edge masks with the union operation,the robust difference edge map of the inter-frame difference image can be obtained.Combining with the current frame edge map,background edge map and previous frame’s moving edge,the current frame’s moving edge can be calculated to extract video object.The algorithm is robust to the entire motion and local deformation of object.The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is fast,simple and accurate.
Critical Issues in Specific Learning Disability Identification: What We Need to Know About the PSW Model

As a result of the upcoming Federal reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), practitioners and researchers have begun vigorously debating what constitutes evidence-based assessment for the identification of specific learning disability (SLD). This debate has resulted in strong support for a method that appraises an individual’s profile of cognitive test scores for the purposes of determining cognitive processing strengths and weaknesses, commonly referred to as patterns of strengths and weaknesses (PSW). Following the Fuchs and Deshler model, questions regarding the psychometric and conceptual integrity of the PSW model are addressed. Despite the strong claims made by many PSW proponents, the findings by this review demonstrate the need for additional information to determine whether PSW is a viable alternative to existing eligibility models and worthy for large scale adoption for SLD identification. Implications for public policy and future SLD research are a...