cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of soy containing diet and isoflavones on cytochrome P450 enzyme expression and activity

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) play an important role in metabolism and clearance of most clinically utilized drugs and other xenobiotics. They are important in metabolism of endogenous compounds including fatty acids, sterols, steroids and lipid-soluble vitamins. Dietary factors such as phytochemicals are capable of affecting CYP expression and activity, which may be important in diet-drug interactions and in the development of fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. One important diet-CYP interaction is with diets containing plant proteins, particularly soy protein. Soy diets are traditionally consumed in Asian countries and are linked to lower incidence of several cancers and of cardiovascular disease in Asian populations. Soy is also an important protein source in vegetarian and vegan diets and the sole protein source in soy infant formulas. Recent studies suggest that consumption of soy can inhibit induction of CY1 enzymes by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which may contribute to cancer prevention. In addition, there are data to suggest that soy components promiscuously activate several nuclear receptors including PXR, PPAR and LXR resulting in increased expression of CYP3As, CYP4As and CYPs involved in metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids. Such soy-CYP interactions may alter drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy and are associated with improved lipid homeostasis and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The current review summarizes results from in vitro; in vivo and clinical studies of soy-CYP interactions and examines the evidence linking the effects of soy diets on CYP expression to isoflavone phytoestrogens, particularly, genistein and daidzein that are associated with soy protein.
Genetics of Childhood Epilepsy

Genetic epilepsies are classified according to the mechanism of inheritance in three major groups: 1) Mendelian idiopathic epilepsies; 2) Non-Mendelian or “complex” epilepsies; and 3) Chromosomal disorders.
A8 Large animal models in huntington’s disease: conceptual overview: what model to use for what purpose

The dominant nature of the Huntington’s disease (HD) gene mutation has allowed genetic model development in multiple species, with the mutation in all cases causing an abnormal neurological phenotype. Mouse models are most widely used (i.e. R6/2 transgenic and Q175 knock-in) in research as they show relatively rapid and progressive neurological phenotypes but have been questioned in the context of the adult-onset disease that takes years to manifest in humans. There is no doubt that we have and continue to learn much from rodent models, but their usefulness is limited by two species constraints; the brains of rodents differ significantly from humans in small size and neuroanatomical organisation and rodents have much shorter lifespans than humans. Large animal models (sheep, minipigs and nonhuman primates) expressing mutant HTT help alleviate these constraints and should be used to fill specific niches in preclinical HD research including studying disease natural history, in particular neurophysiology and histopathology, where such analyses are only of limited value in the small lissencephalic mouse brain and are not possible in human subjects. This may be particularly relevant in mapping the progression of disease in the premanifest stages, data which is lacking from patients. Importantly, testing of new therapeutic agents including nucleic acid and gene-based therapies (i.e. targeting mutant HTT) in the large-brain is imperative to elucidate when and where these therapies need be administered to obtain maximal therapeutic effect as well as to determine long term safety. Preclinical research using large animals is expensive, takes much longer than working in mouse models and is limited in that these models are not easily accessible by all investigators. Further, the multiple large animal species afford different added values but also have specific limitations. Recognising and embracing these differences is key to a sound strategic implementation of the various existing large animal models in preclinical research.
Short-term early exposure to lapatinib confers lifelong protection from mammary tumor development in MMTV-erbB-2 transgenic mice.

Although chemopreventative agents targeting the estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) pathway have been effective for ER+ breast cancers, prevention of hormone receptor-negative breast cancers, such as Her2/erbB-2+ breast cancers, remains a significant issue. Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of EGFR/erbB-2-targeting lapatinib to MMTV-erbB-2 transgenic mice inhibited mammary tumor development. The prevention, however, was achieved by prolonged high dose exposure. The tolerance to high dose/long-term drug administration may hinder its potential in clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to test a novel, short-term chemopreventative strategy using lapatinib during the premalignant risk window in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. We initially treated cultured cells with lapatinib to explore the anti-proliferative effects of lapatinib in vitro. We used a syngeneic tumor graft model to begin exploring the in vivo anti-tumorigenic effects of lapatinib in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. Then, we tested the efficacy of brief exposure to lapatinib (100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks), beginning at 16 weeks of age, in the prevention of mammary tumor development in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. In the syngeneic tumor transplant model, we determined that lapatinib significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that short-term lapatinib exposure resulted in life-long protective effects, as supported by increased tumor latency in lapatinib-treated mice compared to the control mice. We further established that delayed tumor development in the treated mice was preceded by decreased BrdU nuclear incorporation and inhibited mammary morphogenesis. Molecular analysis indicated that lapatinib inhibited phosphorylation and expression of EGFR, erbB-3, erbB-2, Akt1, and Erk1/2 in premalignant mammary tissues. Also, lapatinib drastically inhibited the phosphorylation and expression of ERα and the transcription of ER target genes in premalignant mammary tissues. We also determined that lapatinib suppressed the stemness of breast cancer cell lines, as evidenced by decreased tumorsphere formation and ALDH+ cell populations. Taken together, these data demonstrate that brief treatment with EGFR/erbB-2-targeting agents before the onset of tumors may provide lifelong protection from mammary tumors, through the concurrent inhibition of erbB-2 and ER signaling pathways and consequential reprogramming. Our findings support further clinical testing to explore the benefit of shorter lapatinib exposure in the prevention of erbB-2-mediated carcinogenesis.
Production of low-expressing recombinant cationic biopolymers with high purity.

The growing complexity of recombinant biopolymers for delivery of bioactive agents requires the ability to control the biomaterial structure with high degree of precision. Genetic engineering techniques have provided this opportunity to synthesize biomaterials in an organism such as E. coli with full control over their lengths and sequences. One class of such biopolymers is recombinant cationic biopolymers with applications in gene delivery, regenerative medicine and variety of other biomedical applications. Unfortunately, due to their highly cationic nature and complex structure, their production in E. coli expression system is marred by low expression yield which in turn complicates the possibility of obtaining pure biopolymer. SlyD and ArnA endogenous E. coli proteins are considered the major culprits that copurify with the low-expressing biopolymers during the metal affinity chromatography. Here, we compared the impact of different parameters such as the choice of expression hosts as well as metal affinity columns in order to identify the most effective approach in obtaining highly pure recombinant cationic biopolymers with acceptable yield. The results of this study showed that by using E. coli BL21(DE3) LOBSTR strain and in combination with our developed stringent expression and Ni-NTA purification protocols highly pure products in one purification step (>99% purity) can be obtained. This approach could be applied to the production of other complex and potentially toxic biopolymers with wide range of applications in biomedicine.
Search for a Unified Crystal Chemistry of Metals

New knowledge of the Fermi surface of metals and alloys is examined in relation to the crystal chemistry of metals, which depends primarily on an enerav-band factor (involving crystal symmetry, electron concentration per primitive cell, and the symmetry of the energy bands at the Fermi level). The energy band factor is generally weak and is dominated by other factors, particularly when the effective electron concentration is relatively high (bond factor), and when the difference of potential between the components is relatively high (electrochemical factor). Critical assessment of geometrical effects in metals separates the trivial high coordination that may arise in the packing together of more or less spherical atoms (coordination factor), from a true gepmefrrical factor which controls unit cell dimensions and imparts phase stability over a wide range of radius ratios of the component atoms. The existence of a geometrical factor is explicitly demonstrated, and as its only influence on E vs k relationships is structural, the energy-band factor may still control the choice of structure when the geometrical factor operates.
Adapting the Cognitive Framework of NUREG-2114 for Use in Human Error Analysis for AP1000 Plant Licensing in the United Kingdom

Westinghouse Electric Company is in the process of completing the Generic Design Assessment (GDA) phase of licensing its AP1000® (®AP1000 is a trademark or registered trademark of Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, its affiliates and/or its subsidiaries in the United States of America and may be registered in other countries throughout the world. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.) Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant in the United Kingdom. To address a Human Factors (HF) GDA issue identified in an earlier phase of the GDA process, the Westinghouse HF team updated the human error analysis methodology to comport with lessons learned and advancements in the field of human reliability analysis (HRA). NUREG-2114 [1] provided a cognitive framework as an update to the psychological basis for HRA, but did not provide specific guidance to analysts on how to use this framework in performing HRA. This paper describes how the Westinghouse HF team adapted the cognitive framework in NUREG-2114 for application in the human error analyses performed to resolve the HF GDA issue. Westinghouse HF determined that the adapted cognitive framework was useful for identifying potential human errors in the task analysis and identifying potential design improvements. Results from using NUREG-2114 to inform human error analysis and recommendations for additional development are discussed.
Dimensions of Instructor Disclosure: Implications for Rhetorical and Relational Goals of Instruction

There are an array of reasons why instructors view personal disclosures as beneficial for the classroom, including to demonstrate caring and to make content relevant. Using the rhetorical and relat...
Metabolites of flavonoid compounds preserve indices of endothelial cell nitric oxide bioavailability under glucotoxic conditions

We hypothesized that metabolites of dietary flavonoids attenuate impairments in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability evoked by glucotoxic conditions mimicking Type 1 or 2 diabetes. To test this, human aortic endothelial cells were treated with either vehicle control, quercetin-3-O-glucoronide, piceatannol or 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionoic acid for 24 h. These are metabolites of quercetin, resveratrol and proanthocyanidin, respectively. Next, cells were exposed to control (5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose conditions for 48 h, followed by insulin treatment (100 nM, 10 min) to stimulate NO production. In control glucose conditions NO production, phosphorylated to total endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOSser1177: eNOS), and phosphorylated to total Akt (p-AktSer473: Akt) were all increased by insulin stimulation. This response was abolished during high glucose conditions. Pretreatment of cells with flavonoid metabolites prior to high glucose challenge preserved insulin stimulated increases in NO production, p-AktSer473: Akt and p-eNOSSer1177: eNOS. These effects may be secondary to oxidative stress as pretreatment with all flavonoid metabolites prevented elevations in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in response to high glucose. These data support the hypothesis that beneficial effects of flavonoids on endothelial cell function in the context of glucotoxicity, at least in part, are secondary to their metabolites.
Helium Isotopes in the Lunar Regolith – Measuring Helium Isotope Diffusivity in Lunar Analogs

The purpose of the present chapter is to provide information about the diffusivities and activation energies of 4He and 3He in analogs of lunar ilmenite, which has been theorized to retain helium isotopes better than other lunar minerals. The presence of noble gases in the surfaces of lunar fines was discovered in early Apollo samples by several investigations (Bauer et al. 1972, Ebergart et al. 1970, Hintenberger et al. 1970). The correlation between lunar helium and the mineral ilmenite was discovered by Eberhart et al. (1970) and subsequently others (Muller et al. 1976, Signer et al. 1977). This correlation was rediscovered by researchers at the University of Wisconsin in the early 1980’s while researching sources of 3He for fuel for future fusion reactors (Cameron 1988). The data presented here raise questions about the diffusivities of helium in other lunar minerals and will be useful in the design of future lunar miners. This chapter also provides insight into the mechanisms of space weathering on airless bodies.
Incidence of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia and hypothyroidism in patients with metastatic cancer treated with cabozantinib: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

204Background: Cabozantinib is an oral inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR, KIT, RET and MET, and is proven to be beneficial in different types of tumors. Nevertheless, there ar...
Electric vehicle charging control in residential distribution network: A decentralized event-driven realization

Uncontrolled or improperly controlled electric vehicle (EV) charging can negatively impact electric distribution networks. In this paper, we develop a decentralized event-driven EV charging control scheme to achieve “valley-filling” (i.e., flattening demand profile during overnight charging), meanwhile meeting heterogeneous individual charging requirements and satisfying distribution network constraints. This control scheme is capable of handling EVs' random arrivals and departures. The formulated problem is an optimization problem with a non-separable objective function and strongly coupled inequality constraints. We describe a novel shrunken-primal-dual subgradient (SPDS) algorithm to support the decentralized control scheme, and verify its efficacy and convergence with a simple distribution network model.
Second-order spinal cord pathway contributes to cortical responses after long recoveries from dorsal column injury in squirrel monkeys

Months after the occurrence of spinal cord dorsal column lesions (DCLs) at the cervical level, neural responses in the hand representation of somatosensory area 3b hand cortex recover, along with hand use. To examine whether the second-order spinal cord pathway contributes to this functional recovery, we injected cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) into the hand representation in the cuneate nucleus (Cu) to label the spinal cord neurons, and related results to cortical reactivation in four squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis ) at least 7 months after DCL. In two monkeys with complete DCLs, few CTB-labeled neurons were present below the lesion, and few neurons in the affected hand region in area 3b responded to touch on the hand. In two other cases with large but incomplete DCLs, CTB-labeled neurons were abundant below the lesion, and the area 3b hand cortex responded well to tactile stimulation in a roughly somatotopic organization. The proportions of labeled neurons in the spinal cord hand region reflected the extent of cortical reactivation to the hand. Comparing monkeys with short and long recovery times suggests that the numbers of labeled neurons below the lesion increase with time following incomplete DCLs (
Establishment and Seedling Growth of Sawgrass and Cattail from the Everglades

Loveless (1959) described the vegetation of the Everglades as being predominantly sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), with 65–70% cover. In wetter areas, the vegetation consists of wet prairie communities, and the deepest areas, known as sloughs, contain emergent and aquatic species (Davis 1994; see Chap. 4). Cattail (Typha domingensis) is native to the Everglades, but historical populations were low (Chap. 12). Historically, the Everglades was a low-nutrient system, especially deficient in phosphorus, because it received nutrients mainly from rainwater (Chap. 2). Few plant species are capable of growing in such a wet, infertile habitat. In some areas of the Everglades, particularly the Water Conservation Areas (WCAs), the vegetation is changing. Both sloughs and sawgrass stands are being invaded and replaced by cattails, especially near the water inflows from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), and some sloughs in other areas are being filled in by sawgrass (Richardson et al. 1999). In WCA-2A, sawgrass has decreased from 95% cover to only 61% between 1973 and 1991 (Jensen et al. 1995). This change is correlated with increased nutrient loadings, and also with increased hydroperiod (Urban et al. 1993; Craft et al. 1995). Changes in the frequency of fire and other disturbances may also be a contributing factor. Cattail encroachment is not unique to the Everglades. Wilcox et al. (1985) observed the invasion of cattail into a sedge wetland at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Cattail increased with increased water levels. Colonies became established by seed, and spread vegetatively. Cattail in Indiana was the most successful in stabilized elevated water levels. This could be similar to the process occurring in the Everglades, although there is the added complication of nutrient enrichment. There are many potential consequences of a shift from sawgrass to cattail, both to the Everglades itself and on a larger scale. The native plant community is being altered, and accompanying changes in associated plant species, periphyton, and in the fauna have been reported (SFWMD 1992, 2003, 2004, 2005). In addition, different decomposition characteristics of the two species lead to different rates of peat accretion and different peat characteristics (Chap. 3). Peat accumulates faster in cattail areas because of the higher productivity, but the peat is finer and less
Real Estate and the Asian Crisis: Lessons of the Thailand Experience

The objectives of this paper are twofold. First, and primarily, it analyses the role of the real estate boom and bust of Thailand in the context of the Asia crisis debate. Second, in the process, it explores the weaknesses in real estate investment processes that might often be present in the real estate cycles of emerging markets. The generic question addressed in this study of Thailand is therefore in what manner the real estate sector can become an important structural weakness and a contributor to financial fragility. This sector is typically overlooked by managers of the economy, but given its large relative weight it can create significant financial risks in a small, open, emerging economy.
Probabilistic knowledge of external events in planning

My research tries to improve the robustness of plans by using limited knowledge about external events. These are events that are not directly caused by the planning agent. I use a discrete-time model and assume that the probability of occurrence for a particular type of event in a given situation is known, but the specific occurrence of such an event cannot be predicted with certainty. For example, when a bicycle is left outside a building, there is some probability p that it will be stolen at each time point. The probability that the bicycle is still outside the building after n time units is then (1 p)“, neglecting the effects of other possible events.
Return policies and O2O coordination in the e-tailing age

Abstract Return policy is a strategic tool widely used by firms to build long-term relationship with their consumers. We develop a novel O2O (online to offline) competition model to address how the competitive return policies can be employed to coordinate the O2O distributions under the manufacturer – traditional retailer supply chain where the manufacturer opens an online channel to compete with the traditional retailer. Our results show that utilizing the revenue sharing plus profit sharing mechanisms, the manufacturer and the traditional retailer can employ different return policies for their respective channels to coordinate the O2O distributions and achieve a Pareto solution for all parties in a manufacturer - traditional retailer supply chain. Particularly when the product is becoming increasingly compatible with online sales, the value of the differential of return policies would further increase for both the manufacturer and the retailer.
Rehabilitative exercise and spatially patterned nanofibrillar scaffolds enhance vascularization and innervation following volumetric muscle loss

Muscle regeneration can be permanently impaired by traumatic injuries, despite the high regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Implantation of engineered biomimetic scaffolds to the site of muscle ablation may serve as an attractive off-the-shelf therapeutic approach. The objective of the study was to histologically assess the therapeutic benefit of a three-dimensional spatially patterned collagen scaffold, in conjunction with rehabilitative exercise, for treatment of volumetric muscle loss. To mimic the physiologic organization of skeletal muscle, which is generally composed of myofibers aligned in parallel, three-dimensional parallel-aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds were fabricated. When implanted into the ablated murine tibialis anterior muscle, the aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, in conjunction with voluntary caged wheel exercise, significantly improved the density of perfused microvessels, in comparison to treatments of the randomly oriented nanofibrillar scaffold, decellularized scaffold, or in the untreated control group. The abundance of neuromuscular junctions was 19-fold higher when treated with aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in conjunction with exercise, in comparison to treatment of aligned scaffold without exercise. Although, the density of de novo myofibers was not significantly improved by aligned scaffolds, regardless of exercise activity, the cross-sectional area of regenerating myofibers was increased by > 60% when treated with either aligned and randomly oriented scaffolds, in comparison to treatment of decellularized scaffold or untreated controls. These findings demonstrate that voluntary exercise improved the regenerative effect of aligned scaffolds by augmenting neurovascularization, and have important implications in the design of engineered biomimetic scaffolds for treatment of traumatic muscle injury.
Influence of analytic techniques on comparing DTI-derived measurements in early stage Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in early Parkinson's disease (PD) to understand pathologic changes in white matter (WM) organization are variable in their findings. Evaluation of different analytic techniques frequently employed to understand the DTI-derived change in WM organization in a multisite, well-characterized, early stage PD cohort should aid the identification of the most robust analytic techniques to be used to investigate WM pathology in this disease, an important unmet need in the field. Thus, region of interest (ROI)-based analysis, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis with varying spatial smoothing, and the two most widely used skeletonwise approaches (tract-based spatial statistics, TBSS, and tensor-based registration, DTI-TK) were evaluated in a DTI dataset of early PD and Healthy Controls (HC) from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. Statistical tests on the DTI-derived metrics were conducted using a nonparametric approach from this cohort of early PD, after rigorously controlling for motion and signal artifacts during DTI scan which are frequent confounds in this disease population. Both TBSS and DTI-TK revealed a significantly negative correlation of fractional anisotropy (FA) with disease duration. However, only DTI-TK revealed radial diffusivity (RD) to be driving this FA correlation with disease duration. HC had a significantly positive correlation of MD with cumulative DaT score in the right middle-frontal cortex after a minimum smoothing level (at least 13mm) was attained. The present study found that scalar DTI-derived measures such as FA, MD, and RD should be used as imaging biomarkers with caution in early PD as the conclusions derived from them are heavily dependent on the choice of the analysis used. This study further demonstrated DTI-TK may be used to understand changes in DTI-derived measures with disease progression as it was found to be more accurate than TBSS. In addition, no singular region was identified that could explain both disease duration and severity in early PD. The results of this study should help standardize the utilization of DTI-derived measures in PD in an effort to improve comparability across studies and time, and to minimize variability in reported results due to variation in techniques.
Trade Liberalization and Investment in Foreign Capital Goods: A Look at the Intensive Margin

We evaluate the impact of trade liberalization on the intensive margin of the firm’s investment in foreign capital goods. To do so, we use Indian firm-level panel data from a period of a large-scal...
Parallel determinacy race detection for futures

The use of futures can generate arbitrary dependences in the computation, making it difficult to detect races efficiently. Algorithms proposed by prior work to detect races on programs with futures all have to execute the program sequentially. We propose F-Order, the first known parallel race detection algorithm that detects races on programs that use futures. Given a computation with work T1 and span T∞, our algorithm detects races in time O((T1 lg k + k2)/P + T∞(k + lg r lg k)) processors, where k is the number of future operations, r is the maximum number of readers per memory location, and k is the maximum number of future operations done by a single future task, which is typically small. We have also implemented a prototype system based on the proposed algorithm and empirically demonstrates its practical efficiency and scalability.
Genetic characteristics of VP1 region of enterovirus Coxsackievirus A16 in Xining city from 2017 to 2018

Objective To investigate the genetic characteristics of VP1 coding region of enterovirus Coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16) and etiological features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2017 in Xining city. Methods The pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from HFMD patients, and detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For CV-A16 positive samples, virus isolation was performed. Then RNA was extracted, and then VP1 coding region was amplified by RT-PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with other genotypes and sub-genotypes strains of EV-A71. Results It was shown that 70 strains of CV-A16 were isolated from 2017 to 2018 in Xining city. In 2017, 10 strains were isolated and divided into two different lineages by phylogenetic analysis, 3 strains of B1a and 7 stains of B1b. In 2018, 60 stains were isolated, which were all belong to B1b. Conclusions B1a and B1b of CV-A16 are prevalent in Xining city from 2017 to 2018, in which B1b is the prominent isolates. Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease; Coxsackievirus A16; Genetic characteristics
The future in the past: colonial modernity as urban heritage in contemporary Indonesia

Across urban Indonesia, the surviving vestiges of ‘modern’ architecture and infrastructure built in the final decades of colonial rule are increasingly being re-defined as ‘heritage’. Through an et...
Impact of the Environmental Stress on the Late Permian Pollen Grains from Zechstein Deposits of Poland

Analyzing the material from the Polish Zechstein deposits, the appearance of morphologically changed gymnosperm bisaccate pollen grains was observed. These changes concern the number of sacci, their shape and size, as well as thickening of the central body exine. Most of the malformed grains were found within the Lueckisporites virkkiae and Jugasporites delasaucei conifer species, being the dominant component of the Polish Late Permian miospore assemblages. The reason for the emergence of these abnormal forms was environmental stress caused by enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation connected with Siberian Trap volcanism in the Late Permian.
#FamilyTravelHacks: Humor and Political Commentary in Hashtag Hijacking

In 2018, The U.S. State Department used its Twitter account @TravelGov to create the #FamilyTravelHacks hashtag to inform people about tips for safe travel with children. The campaign started during the height of media coverage of Trump’s immigration family separation policy in 2018 and received a considerable backlash on Twitter. Using grounded theory, this chapter considers the nature of this online defiance. Results point to the formation of a counterpublic as well as the considerable amount of interaction generated by this collective resistance. However, due to the lack of critical rational discourse between participants, as well as the rogue accounts and people attacking it, this discussion performed like an echo chamber rather than a debate that allows a variety of critical perspectives.
Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and intimate partner violence perpetration: A longitudinal analysis among men with HIV in northern Vietnam

Background While the link between alcohol use and male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) has been well-established, research is needed to test whether psychosocial factors interact with alcohol use to exacerbate IPV perpetration. We tested whether depressive symptoms influenced the strength and/or direction of the alcohol-IPV relationship among men with HIV in Vietnam. Methods This study is a secondary analysis using data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Participants were clinic patients with HIV and hazardous alcohol use. Questionnaires were administered at baseline, three, six, and 12 months. Alcohol use was assessed as proportion of days alcohol abstinent. Analyses were restricted to males who reported being married/cohabitating at baseline (N = 313). Multilevel growth models were used to test whether time-varying depressive symptoms modified the time-varying effect of alcohol use on IPV perpetration. Results Time-varying depressive symptoms modified the effect of proportion of days alcohol abstinent on IPV perpetration. However, the pattern of effect modification was not as expected, as reporting depressive symptoms weakened the alcohol-IPV relationship. At times when participants screened negative for depressive symptoms, those who reported higher proportion of days alcohol abstinent than usual had significantly lower odds of IPV perpetration (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.17, 95% Confidence Interval 0.06, 0.45, p = 0.0004). At times when participants screened positive for depressive symptoms, there was no observed effect of alcohol use on IPV perpetration (OR = 4.28, 95% CI 0.80, 22.78, p = 0.09). Conclusion The findings highlight the complex nature of the alcohol-IPV relationship and the need to investigate the intersection between hazardous drinking, mental health, and IPV. Men who concurrently report depressive symptoms and heightened alcohol use may be socially isolated from an intimate partner or experiencing fatigue, leading to less alcohol-related IPV perpetration. Mental health interventions addressing depression and alcohol misuse integrated into HIV services may reduce IPV perpetration.
Intelligent network topology based post-pandemic reintroduction policies for offices

COVID-19 has touched almost all facets of modern life. As part of this global shift, many employers have recommended employees work from home in an effort to curb the spread of infection. When organizations bring workers back to the office, the specific policies for personnel reintroduction will shape both productivity and the spread of disease. This study explores the secondary social and energy impacts of potential reintroduction policies. Using a socio-organizational network inferred from an office in Redwood City, California, we define social, epidemic resistance, and energy metrics which are used to compare the character of personnel reintroduction plans. Our notable findings are, first, that the choice of which occupants return has a large effect on modeled network-level epidemic resistance. Second, where the occupants are located can significantly impact overlap in space-use within smaller spatial zones - a concept related to social distancing. In summary, this work is a critical first step in demonstrating the value of intelligent occupant network topology based reintroduction schemes in offices that can minimize: disease spread, socio-organizational disruptions and building energy use impacts.
What makes us tolerant of administrative burden? Race, representation, and identity

This article connects the literatures of administrative burden with those of representative bureaucracy and group identity. We derive two hypotheses from extant scholarship that, adapted to the case of administrative burden, propose the following: Citizens will be more tolerant of burden if their race identity overlaps with that of the bureaucrat administering the burden, and if potential benefits are targeted at people who are similar to them. Using a survey experiment based on a stratified sample of 465 U.S. residents, we find little support for the hypotheses. In fact, while Black participants barely responded to the treatments at all, we see that white participants were most tolerant of burden when served by a white bureaucrat in a program that benefits Black clients. The article calls for more research on the subject to build nuanced theory, including contextualizing propositions across identity groups and drawing on additional theoretical ideas.
The Efficacy of a Blended Peer Mentoring Experience for Racial and Ethnic Minority Women in STEM Pilot Study: Academic, Professional, and Psychosocial Outcomes for Mentors and Mentees

To address the persistent underrepresentation of women and racial and ethnic minorities in STEM, the current study utilized a quasi-experimental posttest waitlist control group approach to examine the effect of a 1-year virtual peer mentoring program on the academic, professional, and psychosocial outcomes of graduate mentors and undergraduate mentees enrolled in STEM degree programs at two historically black institutions. The findings demonstrated that mentors and mentees participating in the mentoring program experienced increased levels of community, STEM achievement, career self-efficacy, and intent to persist in STEM degrees and careers. Mentors experienced increased interest in science, engineering, and technology, and mentees experienced increased interest in science, engineering, and mathematics. The implications of the program, especially among women and racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in historically black institutions, are discussed, as well as suggestions for future study.
Postoperative Cardiac Care

This chapter is focused on topics relevant to the immediate postoperative care of cardiac surgery patients. Some of these topics are cardiopulmonary bypass, peri-operative monitoring, mechanical ventilation, low cardiac output syndrome, pulmonary arterial hypertension, arrhythmias and management of selected congenital heart defects, chylothorax, diaphragmatic paresis, and vocal cord paresis/ paralysis. The immediate postoperative management of congenital heart disease patients in the intensive care unit can be challenging and requires not only a thorough understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology but also depends on a multidisciplinary team approach.
Environmental Drivers of Seagrass-Associated Nekton Abundance Across the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Small variations in environmental parameters can substantially alter species composition, but the extent to which different species respond to these changes remains obscure. A synoptic survey of seagrass-associated faunal communities was performed across the Gulf of Mexico using otter trawls coupled with seagrass and water quality assessments. The abundance of eight central seagrass inhabitants, representing a range of functional groups, were quantified to identify factors that best predicted their prevalence across environmental gradients and the consistency of these ecological relationships. Seagrass density and drift algal biomass generally had the strongest influence on animal abundance (40–67%), although relationships with drift algae were species specific and seemingly related to faunal size and mobility. Abundances of free-swimming pinfish, pigfish, and silver perch were negatively related to drift algae biomass (0.7, 0.7, and 1.0% Δ per 1 g·m−2 drift algae, respectively), whereas the abundance of pipefish (Syngnathus spp.) and brown/pink shrimp (Penaeus spp.) tended to be positively related to algal biomass (0.8 and 1.6% Δ per 1 g·m−2 drift algae). Shrimp abundances increased by 3.6% per 1% increase in light attenuation while the abundance of a higher-order visual predator, silver perch, negatively responded to light attenuation (1.1% Δ per 1% Δ vertical light attenuation). Additionally, bivariate plots of organismal abundance and salinity or canopy height indicated a unimodal relationship with peaks in abundance associated with intermediate values for several species. This study explored the extent species and functional groups responded to variation in key elements of the abiotic and biotic environment, providing insight into community development and offering resource managers quantitative targets for aspects of habitat quality.
Does digital dermatitis cause hoof conformation changes in its early clinical stage

It is well described how hoof conformation in dairy cattle changes over time because of variation in physiology or production systems. Decreased production and well-being associated with hoof overgrowth has caused a whole hoof-trimming industry to be built, with the objective of reestablishing the optimal balance and claw angle and preventing lameness. The feet of cows with severe clinical digital dermatitis (DD) undergo dramatic transformation that is easily recognizable. It is not uncommon to observe "square feet" on cattle with DD, where the heel has overgrown such that the animal alters its gait and wears down the toe, which decreases the dorsal length of the claw, sometimes to the same length as the heel. Consequently, cattle become painful and lame not only from the ulcerated DD lesion, but also from the extra wear and trauma of the toe or the white line area. Changes in hoof conformation during the early or less severe stages of DD have not been described. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in hoof conformation caused by early clinical DD lesions.
Prenatal tobacco and postbirth second‐hand smoke exposure and dental caries in children

Objectives Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure has been identified as a risk factor for several childhood health problems including dental caries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of postbirth SHS exposure and dental caries and to determine whether the association is independent of prenatal tobacco exposure, sugar consumption and dental utilization. Methods NHANES 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 were used to examine the research question in 1733 children, 4-11 years old with full primary or mixed dentition and serum cotinine levels below 10 ng/mL. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were developed to examine the independent association between SHS exposure and the prevalence of (i) any dental caries experience and (ii) any decayed teeth. Results Children exposed to postbirth SHS differed from children not exposed regarding decayed teeth prevalence in the total sample (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.71) and mixed dentition (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.90) after confounder adjustment. However, no association was found in the primary dentition or between SHS exposure and total caries experience. Conclusions The findings partially show that postbirth SHS is associated with dental caries in children. However, the inconsistencies in findings across the three samples and between the two outcome measures, dental caries experience and decayed teeth prevalence raise questions regarding the validity of the hypothesis. Further, the findings suggest that postbirth SHS is likely a marker for true causes of dental caries and the association is likely confounded with other factors associated with dental caries.
Business and the Corporation

The primary sources of a successful business are its core competencies and its business model, which builds on its core competencies. Core competencies result from the collective learning in a firm, especially the ability to coordinate diverse skills and streams of technologies within the organization. The five dimensions of a business model (customer selection, value capture, differentiation and strategic control, scope, and channels) are linked as an integrated design. The best business model is the one that is designed for customer relevance and high profitability. The four categories for measuring environmental performance are materials use, energy consumption, waste output, and pollutant releases. A corporation provides value to its customers and needs new measures of customer value related to materials, energy, waste, and pollutant output. The value chain begins with the corporation's assets, core competencies, and organizational capital. A value chain is most efficient when there are fewer transactions between producers and their final customers. This chapter concludes with a discussion about the managing of the value chain.
A structural model for gas-solid reactions with a moving boundary-II: The effect of grain size, porosity and temperature on the reaction of porous pellets

Abstract A structural model is presented for the non-catalytic reaction between a porous solid and a gas stream. The model incoporates parameters such as solid grain size, porosity, effective pore diffusion coefficient and allows the quantitative assessment of the role played by these in determining the overall reaction rate. The model was found to predict reasonably well the reaction of porous nickel oxide pellets with hydrogen within an intermediate temperature range. In the paper an approximate allowance is made for the effects of sintering and it is suggested that there may exist an optimum combination of grain size, porosity and reaction temperature which would give the fastest overall reaction rate.
Explorations of the Impact of „Sticky“ Local Information on the Locus of Innovation

In this article we briefly summarize our work to date on the impact of sticky information on the locus of innovation. First, initial empirical work has shown a link between information stickiness and the locus of innovation-related problem-solving. Second, a pattern of iterative shiftings has been shown in the locus of problem-solving work that appears to be related to problem-solvers’ needs for access to sticky information located at two or more sites. Third, we have proposed that such iterative shiftings can be reduced by repartitioning an overall innovation task into subtasks that can each be performed at a single site containing sticky information, and have seen movement towards such a pattern in two industries studied to date. Forth, we propose that the economics of sticky information, combined with advances in computerization, are leading to an increasingly common pattern of innovation task partitioning in which users are „empowered“ to customize products and services for themselves at user sites.
Economic Crises and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes: Authoritarian Support Coalitions: Comparing Indonesia and Malaysia

This chapter shows the development and logic of the different coalitions supporting authoritarian regimes in Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesia's New Order rested on an alliance between the military and a small coterie of ethnic Chinese Indonesian entrepreneurs. Malaysia's Barisan Nasional coalition depended on (and still continues to depend on) an alliance between the Malay masses and a class of Malay entrepreneurs. These systems were stable and predictable. Each regime used largely informal exchange relationships to regularize mutual reward for leaders and supporters and also to systematize the threat of repression and violence for members of the polity outside of the support coalition. This stability enabled each regime to engineer rapid economic growth at rates nearly unparalleled in the developing world while embedding these support coalitions directly into the apparatus of political rule. In the terms of the model of an economy introduced in Chapter 2, Indonesia's coalition was one between mobile and fixed capital, whereas Malaysia's coalition is one between fixed capital and labor. The broad actor categories – mobile capital, fixed capital, and labor – are theoretical ideal types, but in this chapter I link each ideal type to a concrete group with clear political allegiances. These mappings reveal the importance of the country-specific histories in understanding political coalitions and their economic interests. In the case of Malaysia, for instance, the regime depends not on “labor” writ large but specifically on the unorganized Malay masses. In Indonesia, fixed capital comprised both military-linked businesses and new pribumi (roughly, “indigenous”) entrepreneurs.
c-myc can induce expression of G0/G1 transition genes.

The human c-myc oncogene was linked to the heat shock-inducible Drosophila hsp70 promoter and used to stably transfect mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells. Heat shock of the transfectants at 42/sup 0/C followed by recovery at 37/sup 0/C resulted in the appearance of the human c-myc protein which was appropriately localized to the nuclear fraction. Two-dimensional analysis of the proteins of density-arrested cells which had been heat shock treated revealed the induction of eight protein species and the repression of five protein species. All of the induced and repressed proteins were nonabundant. cDNA clones corresponding to genes induced during the G/sub 0//G/sub 1/ transition were used as probes to assay for c-myc inducibility of these genes. Two anonymous sequences previously identified as serum inducible (3CH77 and 3CH92) were induced when c-myc was expressed. In response to serum stimulation, 3CH77 and 3CH92 were expressed before c-myc mRNA levels increased. However, in response to specific induction of c-myc by heat shock of serum arrested cells, 3CH77 and 3CH92 mRNA levels increased after the rise in c-myc mRNA. Therefore, the authors hypothesize that abnormal expression of c-myc can induce genes involved in the proliferative response.