cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IT Project Retrospectives: Learning from the Past through a Program of Action Research

Project management has emerged as a strong discipline practiced by highly trained, certified professionals as organizations have come to realize they cannot stay in business if they cannot manage their projects effectively. However, most companies are still unable or unwilling to perform the most basic of continuous improvement activities – identifying and learning from past mistakes and successes. To help address this shortcoming, this paper provides a framework for conducting project retrospectives that has evolved through the analysis of 130 IT projects over the past ten years. By integrating the findings of several previous studies, the paper provides guidance on mapping project momentum, evaluating project success, identifying and avoiding classic mistakes through best practices, performing root cause analysis, and delivering actionable recommendations.
Mössbauer Studies of Aqueous Liquids and Glasses

A brief review of the classic distinctions between glasses, liquids, and crystals is given. Using ferrous chloride in H2O as a model system, how these distinctions appear in Mossbauer spectroscopy is shown. The shape of the narrow absorption lines produced in these glasses is discussed, and argument is made for nearly perfect shortrange order. The second system discussed is ferrous ion dilute in H3PO4·H2O. This solution is most difficult to crystallize, allowing long measurements well above the glass-transition temperature Tg. The main effects with increasing temperature in this system are decreasing amplitudes and broadening line widths. In addition we see here clear changes in the slope vs. temperature at Tg of such parameters as line width, quadrupole splitting, and area. The quadrupole splitting decreases more rapidly with temperature above Tg than suggested by extrapolation from lower temperatures; a relaxation of the direction of the EFG, as calculated by Blume, seems to be the explanation.
Sensitivity to S-Cone Stimuli and the Development of Myopia.

Purpose Longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) is a color signal available to the emmetropization process that causes greater myopic defocus of short wavelengths than long wavelengths. We measured individual differences in chromatic sensitivity to explore the role LCA may play in the development of refractive error. Methods Forty-four observers were tested psychophysically after passing color screening tests and a questionnaire for visual defects. Refraction was measured and only subjects with myopia or hyperopia without severe astigmatism participated. Psychophysical detection thresholds for 3 cyc/deg achromatic, L-, M-, and S-cone-isolating Gabor patches and low-frequency S-cone increment (S+) and decrement (S-) blobs were measured. Parametric Pearson correlations for refractive error versus threshold were calculated and nonparametric bootstrap 95% percentage confidence intervals (BCIs) for r were computed. Results S-cone Gabor detection thresholds were higher than achromatic, L-, and M-cone Gabors. S-cone Gabor thresholds were higher than either S+ or S- blobs. These results are consistent with studies using smaller samples of practiced observers. None of the thresholds for the Gabor stimuli were correlated with refractive error (RE). A negative correlation with RE was observed for both S+ (r = -0.28; P = 0.06; BCI: r = -0.5, -0.04) and S- (r = -0.23; P = 0.13; BCI = -0.46, 0.01) blobs, although this relationship did not reach conventional statistical significance. Conclusions Thresholds for S+ and S- stimuli were negatively related to RE, indicating that myopes may have reduced sensitivity to low spatial frequency S-cone stimuli. This reduced S-cone sensitivity might have played a role in their failure to emmetropize normally.
Fast Blind MIMO Decoding through Vertex Hopping

We present an algorithm that efficiently performs blind decoding of MIMO signals. That is, given no CSI at either the transmitter or receiver, our algorithm takes a block of samples and returns an estimate of the underlying data symbols. In prior work, the problem of blind decoding was formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. In this work, we present an algorithm that efficiently solves this non-convex problem. This algorithm leverages concepts of linear and mixed-integer linear programming. Empirically, we show that our technique has an error performance close to that of zero-forcing with perfect CSI at the receiver. Initial estimates of the runtime of the algorithm presented in this work suggest that the real-time blind decoding of MIMO signals is possible for even modest sized MIMO systems.
Dried blood spot microbiological assay indicates high prevalence of folate deficiency in rural adult men and women in the Haitian Central Plateau

Background Although folate deficiency is linked to adverse health effects, limited data exist characterizing the problem in rural settings. This study determined the prevalence of folate deficiency and anemia in rural adults in the Haitian Central Plateau using combined laboratory methods. Methods Dried blood spots (DBSs) and hemoglobin measurements were collected from adult men and women selected by cluster random sampling in Haiti's Central Plateau. DBSs were analyzed for folate using a microbiological assay. Hemoglobin levels were determined using both a HemoCue photometer and the sodium lauryl sulfate microplate method. Red cell folate (RCF) levels were determined by normalizing DBS folate to hemoglobin. Results Of the 197 subjects assessed for hemoglobin, 11.4% of males and 21.0% of females were anemic (male: hemoglobin 14 per 10 000 live births (RCF≤699 nmol/L). Conclusions Adults in the Haitian Central Plateau suffer from high rates of anemia and folate deficiency, putting the population at elevated risk for disease. DBSs and microbiological assay make folate evaluation feasible, even in low-resource regions.
Development of a neurology training program in Haiti.

From 2004 to 2015, the average number of neurologists in high-income countries increased from 3 to 5.14 per 100,000 population; the number of neurologists in low-income countries (LICs) remained static at 0.03 per 100,000.1,2 This disparity is likely due in large part to the paucity of neurology training programs in LICs,3 leading physicians interested in neurology to train abroad, where many stay (the brain drain phenomenon).4 Neurologic disorders are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide,5 requiring expansion of the global neurology workforce. Here we describe the development of the first neurology training program in Haiti (an LIC), supported by a visiting faculty model.
Does Donor Allograft Microsteatosis Matter? Comparison of Outcomes in Liver Transplantation With a Propensity-Matched Cohort.

It has been suggested that microsteatosis does not negatively impact graft survival following liver transplantation (LT). The present study represents the largest series on donor livers with significant microsteatosis and investigates the impact of microsteatosis on perioperative factors such as postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and postoperative renal dysfunction. Clinical outcomes of all patients undergoing LT with donor livers with isolated microsteatosis (≥30%; n = 239) between 2000 and 2017 were compared with a propensity score-matched cohort of patients undergoing LT with donor livers with no steatosis (n = 239). Patients in the microsteatosis group had a higher rate of PRS (33.1% versus 24.2%; P = 0.03), EAD (38.2% versus 23.0%; P < 0.001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) requirement following LT (10.9% versus 3.6%; P = 0.002) than the no steatosis group. No difference in patient (P = 0.33) or graft survival (P = 0.18) was observed between the 2 groups. On multivariate regression, livers with microsteatosis had an increased risk of graft loss with retransplant recipients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; P < 0.001), increasing Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (HR, 1.13; P = 0.01), and organs from donation after circulatory death donors (HR, 1.46; P = 0.003). In conclusion, recipients of donor livers with significant microsteatosis are at an increased risk of PRS, EAD, and postoperative renal dysfunction requiring CRRT. Livers with significant microsteatosis should be avoided in retransplant recipients and in recipients with high biological MELD scores. Once appropriately selected recipients of these livers are able to overcome the initial perioperative implications of using these donor livers, longterm patient and graft survival is similar to recipients receiving grafts with no steatosis.
Another Beginning for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy.

Treatments for the fundamental defect in cystic fibrosis are beginning to come to fruition. Cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disease of epithelial chloride transport, can be caused by more than 1000 mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). However, these mutations fall into six functional categories,1 which gives hope that therapies specific to particular mutant categories can be developed. The first success, ivacaftor, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 for treatment of the 4 to 5% of patients who have the Gly551Asp mutation in CFTR and later for . . .
What Is the Learning Curve for New Technologies in Total Joint Arthroplasty? A Review.

The adaptation of new technology in joint replacement surgery is often associated with a learning curve, as performance tends to improve with experience. The purpose of this review is to define the learning curve and its relevance to joint replacement surgery in the setting of new technological advances, and to draw analogies with the learning curve of basic surgical training. Assessing a surgeon’s learning curve for a new technology is complicated and difficult. With every learning curve, the first patients subjected to the novel technology may be at higher risk for adverse events until the learning curve is overcome and a steady state is reached. While measures of performance can be clear and direct in some professions, learning curves with new technology in total joint arthroplasty have been difficult to quantify. Most attempts measure surgical learning curves via an evaluation of the surgical process or patient outcomes. There are published results of both process (i.e., operative time, accuracy of implant position) and outcome measures (i.e., complication rate, revision rate) utilized as proxy for performance during learning curves. We review the concept of the learning curve in joint replacement surgery, highlighting examples of learning curves with adaptation of new technologies, and conclude with a discussion of dilemmas and challenges.
A Distributed Observer for a Time-Invariant Linear System

A time-invariant, linear, distributed observer is described for estimating the state of an $m>0$ channel, $n$ -dimensional continuous-time linear system of the form $\dot{x} = Ax,\;y_i = C_ix,\;i\in \lbrace 1,2,\ldots, m\rbrace$ . The state $x$ is simultaneously estimated by $m$ agents assuming each agent $i$ senses $y_i$ and receives the state $z_j$ of each of its neighbors’ estimators. Neighbor relations are characterized by a constant directed graph $\mathbb {N}$ whose vertices correspond to agents and whose arcs depict neighbor relations. For the case when the neighbor graph is strongly connected, the overall distributed observer consists of $m$ linear estimators, one for each agent; $m-1$ of the estimators are of dimension $n$ and one estimator is of dimension $n+m-1$ . Using results from the classical decentralized control theory, it is shown that subject to the assumptions that none of the $C_i$ are zero, the neighbor graph $\mathbb {N}$ is strongly connected, the system whose state to be estimated is jointly observable, and nothing more, it is possible to freely assign the spectrum of the overall distributed observer. For the more general case, when $\mathbb {N}$ has $q>1$ strongly connected components, it is explained how to construct a family of $q$ distributed observers, one for each component, which can estimate $x$ at a preassigned convergence rate.
Representation of women as editors in major pain journals.

For more than two decades, there have been documented disparities regarding the inclusion of women physicians and scientists on editorial boards. We assessed the representation of women on pain medicine editorial boards. Inclusion criteria were English-language journals associated with major pain
AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL PANCREÁTICO EXÓCRINO DE BOVINOS ESPONTÂNEAMENTE INFECTADOS POR Eurytrema sp.

Euritrematose bovina e causada pelo Eurytrema spp., um trematodeo que viveprincipalmente nos ductos pancreaticos de ruminantes, predominantemente nos estadosdo sul do Brasil. Lesoes pancreaticas macroscopicas foram descritas como atrofiapancreatica, pancreatite intersticial fibrosante e obliteracao total ou parcial dos ductospancreaticos. Estas alteracoes potencialmente podem ocasionar transtornos nasfuncoes do pâncreas. Neste contexto, e sensato admitir que os processos digestivos emetabolicos dependentes das funcoes pancreaticas podem ser afetados e os animaisportadores de lesoes pancreaticas podem apresentar diminuicao na digestibilidade denutrientes, podendo acarretar em alteracoes sericas, hematologicas e fecais, sendo oobjetivo deste projeto a identificacao destas alteracoes.
Vaccines in the Time of COVID-19: Using Vaccine Mandates to Teach about the Legal and Ethical Regulation of Business (preprint)

This article uses the question “Can government and businesses mandate the COVID-19 vaccine?” as a starting point for an interdisciplinary discussion appropriate for a variety of business laws classes. This timely and engaging question lends itself to a class discussion on law, ethics, and behavioral economics, which will help students integrate their learning across these disciplines. This lesson is appropriate for courses on the Legal and Ethical Regulation of Business as well as Employment Law at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition to currently being an extremely timely topic, mandatory vaccination will remain an important issue for years to come as many experts predict immunity will wane with time and booster vaccines will be required. One of the most important learning goals of this lesson is improving students’ understanding of the complexities surrounding the legal regulation of business in the United States. Real-world business dilemmas often have many interrelated legal issues and students will develop a true understanding of how to integrate various areas of the law. The lesson pulls together different legal concepts including federalism, statutory interpretation, administrative law, stare decisis, constitutional law, and employment discrimination. Additionally, the lesson is an excellent way to develop students’ analytical and critical thinking skills. This lesson can also be used to develop students’ ability to analyze issues from competing ethical frameworks. These mandates are a particularly interesting topic for ethical analysis since there are many hypothetical variations depending on the specific vaccine mandate at issue, and who it covers. Additionally, this article discusses how vaccine mandates can be used to introduce a class discussion on behavioral economics.
5-Chloro-N-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)eth-yl]-N-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine.

The title compound, C12H13ClN6, was prepared by reaction of 4,5-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine with 2-(1H-imid­azol-4-yl)-N-methyl­ethanamine, and the X-ray study confirmed that chloro-substituent in six-membered ring was replaced in the reaction. The exocyclic N atom environment is approximately coplanar with the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine [corresponding dihedral angle is 5.5 (1)°], whereas the mean plane of the N—C—C—C link connecting with the imidazolyl ring is almost exactly orthogonal to the plane of the bicyclic system [dihedral angle = 91.6 (2)°]. The imidazolyl plane itself, however, forms a relatively small dihedral angle of 20.8 (1)° with the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine plane. There are two independent N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds in the structure, which link mol­ecules into layers parallel to (\overline{1}03).
Essential residues in the polar loop region of subunit c of Escherichia coli F1F0 ATP synthase defined by random oligonucleotide-primed mutagenesis.

The conserved, polar loop region of subunit c of the Escherichia coli F1F0 ATP synthase is postulated to function in the coupling of proton translocation through F0 to ATP synthesis in F1. We have used a random mutagenesis procedure to define the essential residues in the region. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was carried out with a random mixture of mutant oligonucleotides, the oligonucleotide mixture being generated by chemical synthesis by using phosphoramidite nucleotide stocks that were contaminated with the other three nucleotides. Thirty mutant genes coding single-amino-acid substitutions in the region between Glu-37 and Leu-45 of subunit c were tested for function by analyzing the capacity of plasmids carrying the mutant genes to complement a Leu-4----amber subunit c mutant. All substitutions at the conserved Arg-41 residue resulted in loss of oxidative phosphorylation, i.e., transformants could not grow on a succinate carbon source. The other conserved residues were more tolerant to substitution, although most substitutions did result in impaired growth on succinate. We conclude that Arg-41 is essential in the function of the polar loop and that the ensemble of other conserved residues collectively maintain an optimal environment required for that function.
Evaluating Assessment-Based Intervention Strategies for Students with ADHD and Comorbid Disorders within the Natural Classroom Context

The authors provide three case examples of the evaluation of assessment-based intervention strategies within the natural classroom context for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder...
Myocardial deformation recovery using a 3d biventricular incompressible model

This paper presents a nonrigid image registration method for cardiac deformation recovery from 3D MR image sequences. The main contribution of this work is that the method is mathematically guaranteed to generate incompressible deformations. This is a desirable property since the myocardium has been shown to be close to incompressible. The method is based on an incompressible deformable model that can include all four cardiac chambers and has a relatively small number of parameters. The myocardium needs to be segmented in an initial frame after which the method automatically determines the tissue deformation everywhere in the myocardium throughout the cardiac cycle. The method has been tested with four 3D cardiac MR image sequences for the left and right ventricles and it has been evaluated against manual segmentation. The volume agreement between the model and the manual segmentation exceeds 90% and the distance between the model and the manually generated endocardial and epicardial surface is 1.65mm on average.
Heteroglycan Synthesis in Cryptococcus laurentii

Abstract An enzyme preparation from Cryptococcus laurentii catalyzes the transfer of glycosyl units from sugar nucleotides to exogenous acceptor resulting in the stepwise synthesis of a heteroglycan with the following structure: 2-O-α-d-mannosyl-6-O-α-d-mannosyl-3-O-α-d-mannosyl-(2-O-β-d-xylosyl-)-d-mannose. The same enzyme preparation transfers d-[14C]-mannosyl from GDP [14C]mannose to an endogenous glycoprotein acceptor. Analysis of the endogenous product after mild acid hydrolysis revealed the presence of Man-2-mannose, Man-3-mannose, and Man-6-mannose. The enzymes synthesizing the specific mannosyl linkages in the pentasaccharide have been shown to be distinct mannosyl-transferases (Schutzbach, J. S., and Ankel, H. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 2187–2194). The β-xylosyl linkage in the pentasaccharide is made by an enzyme that also transfers xylose from UDP-xylose to the same endogenous acceptor (Schutzbach, J. S., and Ankel, H. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 6574–6580). Glycosyl transfer to exogenous and to endogenous acceptors appears to involve the same enzymes, suggesting that the pentasaccharide synthesized de novo is an integral part of the cell envelope glycoprotein.
Smolting in coastal cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii clarkii

Gill Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activity, condition factor and seawater (SW) challenges were used to assess the development of smolt characteristics in a cohort of hatchery coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii from the Cowlitz River in Washington State, U.S.A. Gill Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activity increased slightly in the spring, coinciding with an increase in hypo-osmoregulatory ability. These changes were of lesser magnitude than are observed in other salmonine species. Even at the peak of tolerance, these fish exhibited notable osmotic perturbations in full strength SW. Condition factor in these hatchery fish declined steadily through the spring. Wild captured migrants from four tributaries of the Columbia River had moderately elevated gill Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activity, consistent with smolt development and with greater enzyme activity than autumn captured juveniles from one of the tributaries, Abernathy Creek. Migrant fish also had reduced condition factor. General linear models of 7 years of data from Abernathy Creek suggest that yearly variation, advancing photoperiod (as ordinal date) and fish size (fork length) were significant factors for predicting gill Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activity in these wild fish. Both yearly variation and temperature were significant factors for predicting condition factor. These results suggest that coastal O. c. clarkii exhibit weakly developed characteristics of smolting. These changes are influenced by environmental conditions with great individual variation. The data suggest great physiological plasticity consistent with the variable life-history tactics observed in this species.
Alternative topogenic signals in peroxisomal citrate synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The tripeptide serine-lysine-leucine (SKL) occurs at the carboxyl terminus of many peroxisomal proteins and serves as a peroxisomal targeting signal. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two isozymes of citrate synthase. The peroxisomal form, encoded by CIT2, terminates in SKL, while the mitochondrial form, encoded by CIT1, begins with an amino-terminal mitochondrial signal sequence and ends in SKN. We analyzed the importance of SKL as a topogenic signal for citrate synthase, using oleate to induce peroxisomes and density gradients to fractionate organelles. Our experiments revealed that SKL was necessary for directing citrate synthase to peroxisomes. C-terminal SKL was also sufficient to target a leaderless version of mitochondrial citrate synthase to peroxisomes. Deleting this tripeptide from the CIT2 protein caused peroxisomal citrate synthase to be missorted to mitochondria. These experiments suggest that the CIT2 protein contains a cryptic mitochondrial targeting signal.
Hydrogen cyanide polymers connect cosmochemistry and biochemistry

To understand the origin of protein/nucleic acid based life as we know it on Earth, we must “follow” the nitrogen. Because of its unique hydrogen bonding characteristics, nitrogen is the key element in catalytic and/or informational proteins and nucleic acids essential to cell function and reproduction. We present evidence that HCN is the original source of prebiotic protein and nucleobase nitrogen. We also present chemically rational models supporting the radical hypothesis that the polymerization of HCN yields ab initio mundi prebiotic protein and polynucleobase macromolecules of sufficient size and complexity to allow the spontaneous generation of pre-RNA World biopolymers capable of catalysis and information transfer.
Mass Loss of and Temperature Distribution in Southern Pine and Douglas Fir in the Range 100 To 800°C:

Southern pine and Douglas fir test specimens were placed in an over kept at either 100, 160, 245, 400, 600, or 800 °C, and the center point temperatures and the mass losses of the specimens were measured as functions of exposure time. A model is described for calculating the temperature distribution in and the mass loss of wooden beams having rectangular cross sections. Comparisons were made between the data and the results of the model, and reasonable agreements were found between the measured and calculated temperatures and mass losses. Some tests were also performed to assess the effect of ambient oxygen concentration on the mass loss.
Plastic particle separation via liquid‐fluidized bed classification

Liquid-fluidized bed classification (LFBC) is being investigated as a potential process for the separation of complex waste plastic mixtures for recycling. Experiments were performed in a 10 cm diameter, fluidized bed apparatus that was designed to operate in both upflow and downflow modes, for the separation of “heavier-than-water” (HTW) and “lighter-than-water” (LTW) plastic particle species, respectively, using water as the fluidization medium. The investigations were primarily focused on binary plastic particle mixtures of the typical industrial plastics, PVC, PET, PS PC, HDPE, LDPE, and PP. Particle segregation was obtained for all the binary mixtures studied. The effects of particle size and superficial liquid velocity were examined. It was found that low fluidization velocities favored segregation performance by minimizing particle dispersion. A limited number of experiments with ternary plastic particle mixtures demonstrated that the behavior of more complex mixtures appears to be an extension of binary mixture behavior, and that multiple plastic particle mixtures can be separated in the same column. The novel technique of selective thermal modification of particle size/density by application of a step change in temperature of the fluidizing medium was demonstrated to improve separation performance for both HTW and LTW plastic sample mixtures. This behavior was attributed primarily to differences in the thermal diffusivities of plastic particle pairs. The experimental data and conclusions reported in the current work can serve as the basis for the development of LFBC systems for waste plastics separation. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Regulated endocytic trafficking is the central mechanism facilitating a variety of neuromodulatory events, by dynamically controlling receptor, ion channel, and transporter cell surface presentation on a minutes time scale. There is a broad diversity of mechanisms that control endocytic trafficking of individual proteins. Studies investigating the molecular underpinnings of trafficking have primarily relied upon surface biotinylation to quantitatively measure changes in membrane protein surface expression in response to exogenous stimuli and gene manipulation. However, this approach has been mainly limited to cultured cells, which may not faithfully reflect the physiologically relevant mechanisms at play in adult neurons. Moreover, cultured cell approaches may underestimate region-specific differences in trafficking mechanisms. Here, we describe an approach that extends cell surface biotinylation to the acute brain slice preparation. We demonstrate that this method provides a high-fidelity approach to measure rapid changes in membrane protein surface levels in adult neurons. This approach is likely to have broad utility in the field of neuronal endocytic trafficking.
Phase Contrast X-Ray Imaging Signatures for Security Applications

Differential phase contrast imaging with a grating interferometer is a promising new radiographic technique providing three distinct contrast mechanisms-absorption, phase, and scatter (or dark field)-using a conventional X-ray tube source. We examine the signatures available in these three contrast mechanisms with attention towards potential security applications. We find that the scatter mode is uniquely sensitive to textured materials, potentially leading to enhanced material discrimination through the use of multiple contrast modes. We find that scatter signal in our imaging system increases as texture size is reduced from 800 μm to 7 μm. This range spans the transition from features that are resolved in the image to those residing below the system resolution, and corresponds to length scales of known texture or density variations in several common explosives.
Considerations on Safety Concerns About Citalopram Prescribing

This warninghasraisedconcernsfrombothpsychiatristsandgener-alists at our institution both in regard to continuationoftherapythathasbeeneffectiveforpatientsthathaveresponded to doses over 40 mg/d and in regard to thepotential to use this medication above that doserange in future patients. Speciﬁcally, in our prac-tices,therearepatientswhoaredoingwellonhigherdoses.Thesepatientsarepredominantlyinourgen-eral and subspecialty psychiatry practices. Further,in our primary care practices, large numbers of pa-tients take citalopram, and drug-drug interactionswith agents such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs),whichcanincreasebloodlevelsinpatientstaking40mg/d or less of citalopram, have also caused sub-stantialprescribingproblems.MembersoftheMayoClinic Neurology/Psychiatry Task Force as well asselected members from the Heart Rhythm Servicesgroup reviewed factors that should be communi-cated to prescribers in relation to citalopram pre-scribing in light of these new warnings regardingQTcprolongationandtheriskforpotentialmorbid-ity and mortality from drug-induced arrhythmiasincluding torsades de pointes and sudden cardiacarrest.Whenweprescribeadrugforapatient,eachofusmustconsiderofﬁcialwarningsaswellasthewarningsfrom our electronic prescribing platforms regardingdrug interactions. This becomes more complex as thebody of knowledge regarding our pharmaceutical ar-mamentarium evolves. As physician and pharmacyleaders in psychopharmacology issues at our largemedical institution, we are asked to provide a frame-workofrelevantinformationtogroupsofourprescrib-ersincomplexsituationssuchastherecentFDAwarn-ingsoncitalopram.
A micro-computer-based expert-system for the design of wood-framed houses to resist wind loads

Abstract Extensive damage to wood-framed houses in severe wind storms has indicated shortcomings in the normal forms of construction of these buildings. Many of the damaged structures had been built in jurisdictions that use the CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code. The expert system described in this paper uses as its basis the prescriptive One and Two Family Dwelling Code and the wind loading provisions of ANSI A58.1, 1982. Using inputs of location, external dimensions and roof pitch of the house, the program can be provide (a) a listing of the design wind-loads suitable for use by a professional designer and (b) a list of modifications to the One and Two Family Dwelling Code for use when the form of construction described in the code fails to provide sufficient resistance to calculated wind-loads. An example of the use of the program is given and the suitability of the One and Two Dwelling Code is discussed for various exposures and design wind-speeds.
Cognate awareness -raising in late childhood: teachable and useful

This study is part of a larger investigation of the usefulness of instruction designed to raise cross-linguistic awareness in young Francophone learners of English in Quebec. In the research reported here, the focus is on cognates. Since previous research shows that learners typically fail to recognise many helpful similarities between words in a new language (in this case, English) and languages they already know, the instructional activities we designed emphasised strategies for identifying ‘good friend’ resemblances, though false friends were also discussed. The impact of the activities was assessed in three ways: learners’ performance on a measure of French–English cognate recognition ability; their written responses to a question that probed developing cognate awareness; and interviews that explored teachers’ experiences after using the activities in their classes. Findings suggested that learners benefited from the activities. Gains on the recognition test pointed to an advantage for ‘pattern’ instr...
Imitation of Complex Syntactic Constructions by Elderly Adults.

Elderly adults (70 to 89 years) and young adults (30 to 49 years) were asked to imitate complex sentences involving embedded gerunds, wh-clauses, that-clauses, and relative clauses. The young adults were able to imitate accurately or correctly paraphrase the sentences regardless of the length, position, or type of embedded clause. The elderly adults could accurately imitate or paraphrase short constructions. The elderly adults were unable to imitate or paraphrase correctly long constructions, especially those in which the embedded clause was sentence-initial. The pattern of results demonstrates an age-related decline in syntactic processing abilities due, perhaps, to the increased processing demands of the long or sentence-initial constructions.
Reducing Urban Poverty in the Global South

David Satterthwaite and Diana Mitlin have worked on urban poverty issues for nearly twenty years and have recently published two books. The first, Urban Poverty in the Global South: Scale and Natur...
The perceptual value of symmetry

Everyday experiences demonstrate that symmetry affects the visual perception of form. This paper describes empirical evidence about the influence of static and dynamic symmetry of visual shapes and pictorial compositions on visual detection, attention, exploration and physiological arousal. Flash experiments demonstrate that symmetry is detected wholistically during the first glance. Viewers' eye fixations show that the axis of symmetry is used as a perceptual landmark for visual exploration. Dynamic symmetry enhances visual exploration; static symmetry restricts exploration. Finally, visual exploration of symmetrical compositions is shown to be linked to arousal and aesthetic judgments.
African practice and the theory of user fees

Abstract The theory which guides the levying of user fees has been constructed in the industrialized world, particularly for application to public utilities. There is a danger that the theory will create dysfunctions as it is applied to new social environments and to new service areas. This paper examines the experience of Kenya with user fees in the agricultural sector in order to identify some of the unforeseen ways in which the actualities of African development diverge from the implicitly Western assumptions of the theory. The conclusion is that user fees have a number of very attractive features for Africa, but that they also have to be applied with care and modification if they are to have their intended positive impact on agricultural services.
Brain Death Further Promotes Ischemic Reperfusion Injury of the Rabbit Myocardium

Abstract Background . Little is known about preload-dependent cardiac function after brain death (BD) and subsequent graft preservation. Methods . A validated model of BD in rabbits was developed and myocardial performance was studied after BD induction and 1 hour of subsequent global hypothermic ischemia using a validated rabbit model and an isolated work-performing heart preparation. Results . Significant decreases in stroke work, left ventricular contractility, and left ventricular relaxation were observed 2 hours after BD. After global hypothermic ischemia, significant decreases in stroke work, left ventricular contractility, and left ventricular relaxation were observed in the BD group compared with controls. Cardiac output and coronary flow were also significantly decreased in BD hearts compared with controls. Creatine kinase release was increased by 32.5% in BD hearts compared with controls. Conclusions . In a rabbit model, BD combined with global hypothermic ischemia causes a significant decrease in left ventricular function compared with global hypothermic ischemia. This dysfunction may be attributed to a significant decrease in coronary flows in BD hearts.
Interstitial Impurities in Wurtzite Vs. Zincblende Semiconductors: The Case of H In SiC

Most compound semiconductors crystallize in the zincblende or the wurtzite structures. In both cases, all the host atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated. However, the two lattices have no high symmetry interstitial sites in common. As a result, the stability, lowest-energy configuration, electronic structures, and barriers for diffusion of interstitial impurities are in general very different. This situation is illustrated here in the case of interstitial H in 3C (zincblende) and 2H (wurtzite) SiC. The results can be used to obtain the properties of H in other hexagonal polytypes, in particular 6H-SiC.
Karyopherin β2B participates in mRNA export from the nucleus

Transport of macromolecules between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm occurs through the nuclear pores and is mediated by soluble carriers known as karyopherins (Kaps), transportins, importins, or exportins. We report that Kap β2B (transportin-2) forms complexes with the mRNA export factor TAP in the presence of RanGTP, as shown by coimmunoprecipitation from HeLa cells. The interaction strictly depends on the presence of RanGTP. In digitonin-permeabilized cells, Kap β2B mediates TAP-GFP export from the nuclei in the presence of RanGTP. A TAP mutant that does not coimmunoprecipitate with Kap β2B is also not exported by Kap β2B. In the permeabilized cells assay, TAP is also exported independently of Kap β2B by direct interaction with nucleoporins, in agreement with previous reports. The export rate is, however, significantly lower than the Kap β2B-mediated pathway. Both Kap β2B and TAP are present and enriched in the poly(A)+ RNA complexes isolated from HeLa cell nuclear lysates. Poly(A)+ RNA strongly accumulates in the nuclei of HeLa cells treated with Kap β2B short interfering RNA, indicating that Kap β2B is involved in the export of at least a large proportion of the mRNA species. The export of β-actin and GAPDH mRNA is also inhibited, whereas 28S RNA is not affected. The data support the conclusion that Kap β2B participates directly in the export of a large proportion of cellular mRNAs, and TAP connects Kap β2B to the mRNAs to be exported.
Tri-arc Czochralski growth of single crystal molybdenum disilicide

Abstract A tri-arc Czochralski apparatus and procedure used to grow MoSi2 crystals is detailed. Problems with Si evaporation and compositional banding are described. Growth orientations and other microstructural features of the crystals are discussed.
Growth factor requirements of organogenesis in serum-free metanephric organ culture

In order to define humoral growth factors which may regulate mammalian renal development, the growth requirements of fetal metanephric organogenesis were studied in serum-free murine organ culture. Metanephric growth, determined by cell proliferation and protein content, and metanephric differentiation, determined morphometrically as epithelial glomerular formation, were compared and contrasted following 144 hours of organ culture incubation in basal medium, basal medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and basal medium supplemented with various combinations of growth factors. The basal medium was composed of equal volumes of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 medium. Five humoral growth factors were studied in the following concentrations: selenium, 6.8 X 10(-9) M; insulin, 8.3 X 10(-7) M; triiodothyronine, 2 X 10(-9) M; transferrin, 6.2 X 10(-8) M; and prostaglandin E1, 7.1 X 10(-8) M. Results showed that transferrin and prostaglandin E1 were necessary for optimal growth in the system and that prostaglandin E1 was necessary for maximal metanephric differentiation. Such data provide guidelines for the creation of serum-free medium for future fetal renal cell and tissue culture systems, and provide insight into the factors which may regulate normal and abnormal renal embryogenesis and the reparative processes of renal hyperplasia and hypertrophy which follow renal injury.
Experimental determination of the orbital contributions to the magnetic susceptibilities of hcp and bcc titanium

Abstract A combination of magnetic susceptibility and calorimetric studies (in which enhancement contributions were taken into account) has resulted in new determinations of χinorb for both bcc and hcp titanium.
The potential impact of light emitting diode lighting on reducing mining injuries during operation and maintenance of lighting systems

Research by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicates that light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used to enhance safety by improving a miner's ability to see mining hazards and reducing glare. This paper investigates if LEDs provide another benefit by reducing miner exposure to hazards during maintenance and operation of LED lighting. LEDs could provide useful lives up to 50 times longer than incandescent lighting commonly used in mining and could enable design changes to reduce certain hazards. The mining accident records compiled by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) were examined to determine the extent and nature of accidents involving the maintenance and operation of mine luminaries. A total of 140 relevant accident records were found for the years 2002-2006. These incidents resulted in 3668 days lost from work with an additional 925 days of restricted activity. The injury narratives were studied to determine if the implementation of LED-based luminaries could reduce injury severity and frequency. The greatest near-term potential impacts appear to be related to reducing maintenance and cap lamp redesign. Longer term (5 years), low-power and lightweight auxiliary LED lighting for surface mines could also have potential impact for improving safety.
Comet: A configuration management tool for formal modeling

In this paper, we report on our experience in designing Comet, a tool to support verification goals that require exploration of multiple model configurations and options. Comet helps us track the various runs we have made using Spin: it provides us with various visualizations and the ability to easily schedule a new run with point-and-click parameters. Our work on Comet is motivated by the observation that verification through model-checking is a complex process even after a model is built and properties are defined, where an analyst typically must navigate a difficult parameter space that involves both model configurations and tool options. Comet supports an analyst in this run, analyze, choose-next-run cycle.
Adult Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment

The psychoanalytic theory of religion has been seriously limited in its development, largely owing to Freud's emphasis on religion's neurotic elements and an overemphasis on the infantile origins of religious development. This paper offers a conceptual framework and advances the thesis, based on contemporary psychoanalytic, developmental theory, that 1) Erikson's concept of epigenesis has applicability across the life span; 2) that beyond-the-self identity is constituent to human maturation and self-completion; 3) that successful adult maturation requires a mirroring-facilitating environment; and 4) that religious values, meanings, images, and communities play an essential role-as-elements of the facilitating environment of later life.
Assessment of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (with Emphasis on Computerized Psychometric Tests)

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is associated with a high risk of development of overt hepatic encephalopathy, impaired quality of life and driving accidents. The detection of MHE requires specialized testing since it cannot by definition, be diagnosed on standard clinical examination. Psychometric (paper-pencil or computerized or a combination) and neuro-physiological techniques are often used to test for MHE. Paper-pencil psychometric batteries like the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) have been validated in several countries but do not have US normative values. Computerized tests such as the inhibitory control test (ICT), cognitive drug research system and Scan test have proven useful to diagnose MHE and predict outcomes. The specificity and sensitivity of these tests are similar to the recommended gold standards. Neuro-physiological tests such as the EEG and its interpretations, evoked potentials and Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) also provide useful information. The diagnosis of MHE is an important issue for clinicians and patients alike and the testing strategies depend on the normative data available, patient comfort and local expertise.
Evaluation and accuracy assessment of high‐resolution IFSAR DEMs in low‐relief areas

The use of digital elevation models from remotely sensing systems has been restricted in the past to high‐relief areas due to the lack of appropriate resolution and accuracy to map micro‐relief variability in low relief areas. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, a new technology that provides detailed elevation models from remotely sensed data, is evaluated. Main characteristics of this data are highlighted. Accuracy assessment is tested in detail for two high‐resolution acquisition modes using higher accuracy sources of data. The accuracy results using the root mean square (rms) error were better than expected according to mission specifications. However, at the checkpoint locations where the signal backscatter generates an elevation measure, the accuracy depends considerably upon the site‐specific surface characteristics, such as the land use, above ground biomass, adjacent forest areas and infrastructure features located within surrounding pixels.
Wall Modeled Large Eddy Simulation of Flow Over a Wall-Mounted Hump

Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of wall-bounded flows at high Reynolds numbers demand an extremely fine mesh resolution in the wall proximal inner layer. Accurate modeling of near wall turbulence is therefore crucial in reducing the computational cost of LES at practical Reynolds numbers. One approach is the implementation of a two-layer model that solves for a reduced one-dimensional boundary layer equation in the inner wall layer. A wall modeled LES thus allows for a coarser grid resolution than a wall resolved LES. This work evaluated the performance of a wall modeled LES against a wall resolved LES as well as experimental data for the flow over a wall mounted hump at Reynolds number 9.36×105. Results from the wall modeled LES were in good agreement with both wall resolved LES and experimental data in parameters such as surface pressure coefficient, skin friction, mean velocity profiles, Reynolds stresses and flow reattachment. It was observed that the wall modeled LES required only a fifth of the computational resources required for the wall resolved LES.Copyright © 2014 by ASME