cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience with a noninvasive evaluation for cerebral vascular disease.

This report describes a newly developed noninvasive method for extra cranial cerebrovascular evaluation. Two hundred consecutive cases were stud ied at the Massachusetts General Hospital and matched with clinical and angiographic findings. There were three false negative and five false positive results. Two ulcerated plaques without stenosis were not detected. Management routes for different groups of patients with central nervous system symptoms are outlined. We emphasize the usefulness of monitoring postoperative ophthal mic artery pressure to aid in the early detection of carotid occlusion in patients developing neurologic symptoms following carotid endarterectomy.
Sample-driven schema mapping

End-users increasingly find the need to perform light-weight, customized schema mapping. State-of-the-art tools provide powerful functions to generate schema mappings, but they usually require an in-depth understanding of the semantics of multiple schemas and their correspondences, and are thus not suitable for users who are technically unsophisticated or when a large number of mappings must be performed.We propose a system for sample-driven schema mapping. It automatically constructs schema mappings, in real time, from user-input sample target instances. Because the user does not have to provide any explicit attribute-level match information, she is isolated from the possibly complex structure and semantics of both the source schemas and the mappings. In addition, the user never has to master any operations specific to schema mappings: she simply types data values into a spreadsheet-style interface. As a result, the user can construct mappings with a much lower cognitive burden.In this paper we present Mweaver, a prototype sample-driven schema mapping system. It employs novel algorithms that enable the system to obtain desired mapping results while meeting interactive response performance requirements. We show the results of a user study that compares Mweaver with two state-of-the-art mapping tools across several mapping tasks, both real and synthetic. These suggest that the Mweaver system enables users to perform practical mapping tasks in about 1/5th the time needed by the state-of-the-art tools.
Correlates of co-occurring ADHD in drug-dependent subjects: Prevalence and features of substance dependence and psychiatric disorders

Abstract We examined the prevalence and course of psychiatric and substance dependence (SD) disorders in subjects with SD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: We interviewed 1761 adults with a lifetime diagnosis of cocaine and/or opioid dependence using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism. Generalized linear regression with generalized estimating equation analysis was used to examine the associations between a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD and indicators of clinical course, and to identify unique correlates of ADHD. Results: Lifetime ADHD prevalence in the SD sample was 5.22% (vs. 0.85% in a group of individuals without SD). ADHD was associated with an earlier age of first substance use, more SD and psychiatric diagnoses, a greater likelihood of attempted suicide, and more hospitalizations. After controlling for conduct disorder, there were unique effects of ADHD on age of first substance use and number of SD diagnoses. Conclusion: In subjects with cocaine or opioid dependence, ADHD is associated with greater SD and psychiatric comorbidity and a more severe course of illness.
Survival Time of Cross-Match Incompatible Red Blood Cells in Adult Horses.

Background There is a markedly reduced half-life of transfused RBCs when donor and recipient cats or humans are cross-match incompatible. Only 10–20% of horses have naturally occurring alloantibodies. Therefore, cross-match testing before blood transfusion is not always performed. Hypothesis Cross-match incompatibility predicts shortened RBC survival time as compared to that of compatible or autologous blood. Animals Twenty healthy adult horses. Methods Prospective trial. Blood type, anti-RBC antibody screen (before and 1 month after transfusion) and major and minor cross-match determined 10 donor-recipient pairs. Two pairs were cross-match compatible, the remainder incompatible. Donor blood (4 L) was collected into citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1, labeled with NHS-biotin, and transfused into recipients. Samples were collected at 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after transfusion, and biotinylated RBCs were detected by flow cytometry. Horses were monitored for transfusion reaction during transfusion and daily for 5 days. Results Cross-match incompatibility was significantly associated with decreased RBC survival time (P 1+) allogenic equine RBCs was 4.7 (95% CI, 3.2–6.2) days versus 33.5 (24–43) days for compatible pairings. Cross-match incompatibility was associated with acute febrile transfusion reaction (P = .0083). At day 30, only 1 horse had developed novel anti-RBC antibodies. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cross-match incompatibility was predictive of febrile transfusion reaction and shortened transfused RBC survival, but did not result in production of anti-RBC antibodies at 30 days. Cross-match testing before transfusion is recommended.
Computational study of capacitively coupled high-pressure glow discharges in helium

The structure of a capacitively coupled high-pressure glow (HPG) discharge in high-purity helium is investigated using a detailed one-dimensional modeling approach. Impurity effects are modeled using trace amounts of nitrogen gas in helium. Average electron temperatures and densities for the HPG discharge are similar to their low-pressure counterpart. Helium-dimer ions dominate the discharge structure for sufficiently high-current densities, but model impurity nitrogen ions are found to be dominant for low-discharge currents. Helium dimer metastable atoms are found to be the dominant metastable species in the discharge. The high collisionality of the HPG plasma results in significant discharge potential drop across the bulk plasma region, electron Joule heating in the bulk plasma, and electron elastic collisional losses. High collisionality also results in very low ion-impact energies of order 1 eV at the electrode surfaces.
Measurements of Doubly-Rotated-Cuts of Langasite Isomorph

In this paper, we report the measured properties of doubly-rotated cuts of bulk-acoustic-wave resonators made of a langasite isomorph material. Test resonators with planoconvex blanks (14 mm diameter, 2 diopter, nominal 10 MHz 5th OT) were fabricated for four different cuts: (thetas = 10deg, phi = 10deg), (thetas = 10deg, phi = 20deg), (thetas = 20deg, phi = 10deg), (thetas = 20deg, phi = 20deg). Using an impedance analyzer, we were able to measure strongly excited fundamental and 3rd overtones of the c- and b-modes, along with their anharmonic modes, as evidenced by their low motional resistances. The a-modes were weakly excited but could also be measured. The theoretical values of eigenmode velocities and piezoelectric coupling coefficients of the doubly-rotated cuts were obtained by solving Christoffel equations. The theoretical values were compared to the measured ones. The frequency-temperature (f-t) characteristics were also measured in the temperature range of -55 degC to 85 degC. The f-t curves of the c- and b-modes showed parabolic characteristics
Nonimaging optics design that are functionals of the acceptance angle

Nonimaging optics was d2vlop2d to solve a wll—posd but narrow s2t of probl2ms1. A prototjpical xampl is th concentration of a light beam with div2rgnc half—angl2 e and cross—s2ctional area A1 into th2 minimum possible area A1 without loss of throughput or convrslj, th design of illumination sstms that convert a lambrtian source into a beam with divrg2nc half—angle e and no stray light without loss of throughput. Two class2s of algorithms have bn found which solve ths probl2ms xactl or narftj so. Ths ar summarized hr; th details can b found in Rf.2. Th first is th "string' or 'dg2—raj" m2thod (the 'Hottl string is a useful construct for calculating radiative transfer b2tw22n lamb2rtian surfacs3). It maj b succinctly charactrizd as: I ndl = constant along a string. (1) Notice that replacing string b 'ra" gives all of imaging optics. Th second class of algorithms places rflctors along th2 lines of flow of a radiation fi2ld st up bj a radiating sourc2. In cases of high sjmmtrj such as a sph2r or disc, on obtains ideal solutions in both two and thr22 dim2nsions. In cithr case rflcting and somtims rfracting 2l2mnts ar shaped in specific wags in combination to solv2 th problem. Rcntlj I addr2ss2d a wider class of problems that could not b solved bj th old methods. Hr ar two xampls: It is w2ll— known that th2 far—field illuminance from a lamb2rtian source falls off with a power of the cosine of the radiating angle cx. For example, strip radiators produce a cos3cx illuminance on a distant plane, while circular disc radiators produce a cos4cx illuminance. But suppose one desires a predetermined far—field illuminance pattern e.g., uniform illuminance? The old designs will not suffice; thej simpftj transform a lambertian source radiating over 2'rr into a lambertian source radiating over a restricted set of angles. Another example is more technical. We recall1 that older nonimaging designs require that reflectors be positioned verj c1os to th source (or r2civr). Violating this ru1 introduccs undsirab1c structure in th radiating or angular accptanc2 pattern of th d2vic, tpica1ftj a dip in th forward direction. Th limitation o th old d2signs is that thj ar too static and d2pnd on a fw paramtrs such as, th area of th beam A1 and th div2rgnc2 angl2 e. 0n2 n2ds to introduce additional dgr2s of rdom into th nonimaging designs to solve a wider class of probIms. Th purpose of this communication is to indicate th lines along which this additional frdom can b introduced.
Coxiella burnetii Expresses a Functional Δ24 Sterol Reductase

Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of human Q fever, occupies a unique niche inside the host cell, where it replicates in a modified acidic phagolysosome or parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The PV membrane is cholesterol-rich, and inhibition of host cholesterol metabolism negatively impacts PV biogenesis and pathogen replication. The precise source(s) of PV membrane cholesterol is unknown, as is whether the bacterium actively diverts and/or modifies host cell cholesterol or sterol precursors. C. burnetii lacks enzymes for de novo cholesterol biosynthesis; however, the organism encodes a eukaryote-like Δ24 sterol reductase homolog, CBU1206. Absent in other prokaryotes, this enzyme is predicted to reduce sterol double bonds at carbon 24 in the final step of cholesterol or ergosterol biosynthesis. In the present study, we examined the functional activity of CBU1206. Amino acid alignments revealed the greatest sequence identity (51.7%) with a Δ24 sterol reductase from the soil amoeba Naegleria gruberi. CBU1206 activity was examined by expressing the protein in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg4 mutant under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Erg4 is a yeast Δ24 sterol reductase responsible for the final reduction step in ergosterol synthesis. Like Erg4-green fluorescent protein (GFP), a CBU1206-GFP fusion protein localized to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression of CBU1206 rescued S. cerevisiae erg4 sensitivity to growth in the presence of brefeldin A and cycloheximide and resulted in new synthesis of ergosterol. These data indicate CBU1206 is an active sterol reductase and suggest the enzyme may act on host sterols during C. burnetii intracellular growth.
Directed Fusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Cardiomyocytes via VSV-G Facilitates Stem Cell Programming

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) spontaneously fuse with somatic cells in vivo, albeit rarely, and the fusion products are capable of tissue-specific function (mature trait) or proliferation (immature trait), depending on the microenvironment. That stem cells can be programmed, or somatic cells reprogrammed, in this fashion suggests that stem cell fusion holds promise as a therapeutic approach for the repair of damaged tissues, especially tissues not readily capable of functional regeneration, such as the myocardium. In an attempt to increase the frequency of stem cell fusion and, in so doing, increase the potential for cardiac tissue repair, we expressed the fusogen of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) in human MSCs. We found VSV-G expressing MSCs (vMSCs) fused with cardiomyocytes (CMs) and these fusion products adopted a CM-like phenotype and morphology in vitro. In vivo, vMSCs delivered to damaged mouse myocardium via a collagen patch were able to home to the myocardium and fuse to cells within the infarct and peri-infarct region of the myocardium. This study provides a basis for the investigation of the biological impact of fusion of stem cells with CMs in vivo and illustrates how viral fusion proteins might better enable such studies.
High-performance round-robin arbitration schemes for input-crosspoint buffered switches

Combined input-crosspoint buffered switches provide high-performance switching and relax arbitration timing for packet switches with high-speed ports. It has been shown that a switch with one-cell crosspoint buffers and round-robin selection at input and output ports provides 100% throughput under uniform traffic. However, under admissible traffic patterns with nonuniform distributions, only weight-based arbitration schemes are reported to provide high throughput by these switches. This paper introduces two arbitration schemes based on round-robin arbitration for combined input-crosspoint buffered packet switches. The proposed schemes provide nearly 100% throughput for several admissible traffic patterns, including uniform and unbalanced traffic, using one-cell crosspoint buffers.
Adult Tobacco Use by AASU Dental Hygiene Clinic Patients

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of tobacco use and interest in cessation by patients utilizing the Armstrong Atlantic State University (AASU) dental hygiene clinic. The study9s aim was to contribute to the Southeast Georgia Cancer Coalition goals in its mission to educate the public about tobacco use health risks and to provide cessation education. Subjects were of diverse age, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity groups, including those who were medically compromised and may have limited access to care. A medical history, oral assessment, and tobacco use survey were conducted. Utilizing a National Cancer Institute survey for tobacco use and interest in cessation asessment form, data were analyzed to determine age, race, gender, and quantifiable tobacco use and cessation factors by tobacco users. Of the sample (N= 202), there was a greater number of nonusers and a total of 37 tobacco users. Pearson9s r Linear Association and Spearman Correlation indicated that in the user subgroup, inhalation was the most frequent mode of use; tobacco use by women was significant (p
Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation--New Frontier for Hydrocarbon Prospecting in the Central and Eastern Gulf of Mexico Regions: ABSTRACT

Since the discovery of oil in 1967 from the Smackover Formation at Toxey field, Choctaw County, Alabama, and of condensate in 1968 from the Norphlet Formation at Flomaton field, Escambia County, Alabama, the Upper Jurassic has become the primary exploration target in southwestern Alabama. Following those initial discoveries, 39 Upper Jurassic fields have been established in Alabama, but only in 4 of these has the Norphlet produced hydrocarbons. The discovery of productive Norphlet gas sandstones in 1979 at the Lower Mobile Bay-Mary Ann field, offshore Alabama, has demonstrated the potential of the Norphlet in the central and eastern Gulf of Mexico regions. All 4 wells drilled to test the Norphlet in Mobile Bay have been successful gas wells, and have tested between 10.5 a d 19.4 mmcf per day. Although drilling is to depths exceeding 20,000 ft (6,100 m) subsea, the projected gas reserves justify continued exploration. Norphlet petroleum traps in the region are principally combination traps involving favorable stratigraphy and salt anticlines (Copeland field), extensional fault traps associated with salt movement (Flomaton field), and faulted salt anticlines (Hatter's Pond and Lower Mobile Bay-Mary Ann fields). Reservoir rocks include marine, dune, and fluvial sandstone lithofacies. Sandstone porosity involves both primary intergranular and secondary dissolution and fracture. Smackover algal carbonate mudstone is probably the source for much of the Norphlet hydrocarbon, but downdip Norphlet marine shales may also be source rocks. The central and eastern Gulf of Mexico regions should continue to be excellent areas to explore for hydrocarbons in the years ahead. Successful Norphlet petroleum prospecting in the area has involved the identification of favorable sandstone lithofacies and structural hydrocarbon traps by using geologic and geophysical methods. Future Norphlet discoveries will require the delineation of stratigraphic and structural/stratigraphic combination hydrocarbon traps using seismic-stratigraphic techniques. End_of_Article - Last_Page 502------------
Alcohol-Associated Hypertension: When One Drinks Makes a Difference

The high prevalence of systemic hypertension (HTN) and its progressive association with multiple adverse sequelae1 confer great potential importance on any modifiable trait influencing blood pressure (BP). Established modifiable factors include obesity and sodium intake. Less solidly established are physical inactivity and low potassium or calcium intake. With a relationship to HTN seen nearly unanimously in a substantial number of observational cross-sectional and prospective studies, alcohol drinking has become a major focus of interest in recent decades as a modifiable HTN risk factor.2–3 Even low estimates of 5% or 7% of HTN attributable to alcohol imply that there are more patients with HTN caused by alcohol than by conventional causes of remediable secondary HTN.3 Present in both sexes and several ethnic groups, the alcohol–HTN association is independent of a number of potential confounders including nutritional factors.2–3 Available evidence suggests substantial regression of HTN in several days with alcohol abstinence. Although heavier alcohol intake (≥2 drinks daily) has been more consistently related, an alcohol–BP relationship with lighter drinking in some studies raises a possibility of great potential pubic health importance. Most observational analyses used average amount of alcohol consumed daily as the alcohol measure, with presumed underestimation of alcohol amount by some heavier drinkers impairing definition of a threshold dose level.3 To add further confusion, a few studies show lower pressures in light drinkers than in abstainers, perhaps especially in women.3 Lack of a proven mechanism limits causal interpretation of the alcohol–HTN link. There are other unresolved issues, including: (1) is the relationship linear at all drinking levels or is there a threshold alcohol dose; (2) is choice of wine, liquor, or beer a factor; (3) is drinking pattern a factor; …
Role of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in opioid agonist-induced mu-opioid receptor downregulation and tolerance in mice.

Studies suggest that acute and chronic opioids can regulate the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway and that changes in this pathway may be involved in opioid tolerance. In the present study, we examined the role of cAMP-PKA on mu-opioid receptor downregulation and tolerance in mice. Mice were injected intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intrathecal (i.t.) once a day with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide directed at the mRNA for the alpha catalytic subunit of mouse PKA. Controls were treated with saline or a mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide. On day 2 of treatment, mice were implanted s.c. with a 25-mg morphine pellet and an osmotic minipump infusing morphine (40 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. Other mice were implanted with an osmotic minipump infusing etorphine (125, 250 microg/kg/day) for 2 days. Control mice were implanted s.c. with inert placebo pellets. At the end of treatment, pumps and pellets were removed and mice tested for morphine or etorphine analgesia. Other mice were sacrificed and mu-opioid receptor binding assays conducted in whole brain. Both infusion doses of etorphine produced significant tolerance (ED(50) shift = 3.6 and 6.3-fold). The higher etorphine infusion produced downregulation of mu-receptor density ( approximately 30%) while the lower infusion dose of etorphine did not. Morphine treatment also produced significant tolerance in mice (ED(50) shift = 4.5-fold), but no receptor downregulation. Antisense to PKA partially blocked tolerance induced by the higher dose of etorphine, but had no effect on receptor downregulation. On the other hand, antisense to PKA completely blocked tolerance induced by morphine and the lower infusion dose of etorphine. The mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide had no effect on any measure. These results suggest that PKA has a limited role in opioid agonist-induced receptor downregulation. However, the partial block of tolerance for the high infusion dose of etorphine and the complete block of tolerance for morphine and the low infusion dose of etorphine suggests that PKA may play a critical role in tolerance that is "receptor-regulation-independent."
Transformations between boundary codes, run length codes, and linear quadtrees

We present SIMD hypercube algorithms for transforming between any pair of the following binary image representations: boundary codes, quadtrees, and run length codes. Unlike previous parallel algorithms, these do not have restrictions on the shape of the images. In particular, the algorithms allow holes in the image regions. We believe that the algorithm for transforming from quadtrees to boundary codes is the first such algorithm on the SIMD hypercube. The algorithms for transforming between boundary codes and quadtrees are modified to work for the transformations between these representations and run length codes. >
Parenchymal cell proliferation and mechanisms for maintenance of granular duct and acinar cell populations in adult male mouse submandibular gland

To evaluate proliferation as a factor in maintenance of parenchymal cell populations in adult male mouse submandibular glands, a variety of surveys were conducted following a pulse with 3H-thymidine. Striated granular duct (SGD) cells had the highest labeling index, followed by intercalated duct (ID) cells, then acinar (AC) cells, and granular duct (GD) cells had the lowest. These cell types showed from 30% to 60% completion of mitosis by 24 hr, with SGD, AC, and GD showing a likely second wave of mitosis sometime between 2 and 7 days after the pulse. About 40% of the pulse-labeled cells still remained as single cells at 42 days after the pulse. Repeat divisions in daughter cells of the primary labeled cells were very rare. A shift in the pattern of labeled cells at the ID-GD junction indicates that ID and SGD cells in this compartment are differentiating to GD cells. Further comparison of the magnitude of this conversion with the amount of noncompartmental GD cell proliferation provided a basis for calculating that ∼70% of GD cell population maintenance occurs by selfproliferation, and the remaining 30% is contributed by differentiation from ID and SGD cells. A similar survey at the ID-acinus junction showed no evidence of conversion of ID cells to AC cells indicating that most, if not all, proliferative activity leading to AC cell population maintenance occurs by self-proliferation. Finally, based in part on structural changes at the ID-GD junction during the survey period, a pattern of cell conversion described as “in situ differentiation” is proposed. When this pattern is carried to fruition, this explains several structural features of the secretory complex typical to the male pattern submandibular gland. The proposed mechanism is supported by a three-dimensionally reconstructed sequence of likely intermediate structures. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Atomic oxygen between 80 and 120 km: Evidence for a latitudinal variation in vertical transport near the mesopause

Analysis of the OGO 6 OI green line nightglow photometer experiment has been carried out for eight cases when the alignment of the spacecraft was such that local emission rates could be determined below the altitude of maximum emission and down to about 80 km. The results obtained show that the vertical gradient of the emission rate between 95 and 80 km alternates between regions of very rapid variation and very slow variation spaced on a scale of 5-10 deg of latitude. Maps showing isoemissivity contours and isodensity contours for atomic oxygen concentration in vertical meridional planes are presented. The densities are computed under three assumptions concerning excitation mechanisms. Comparisons of the vertical variations of oxygen density with the results of a time dependent theory suggest the regions of strong downward transport alternate in latitude with regions of weak transport near 90 km. In the first case, conversion of O to O3 at night appears to be overwhelmed by downward transport of O.
Deconstructing Indians, Reconstructing Patria: Indigenous Education in Yucatan from the Porfiriato to the Mexican Revolution

Durante las primeras decadas del siglo XX, las atenciones de varios grupos reformistas yucatecos y mexicanos se fijaron en la educacion indigena en Yucatan, situando a ese estado en la vanguardia de la educacion indigena en Mexico. Las propuestas de los hacendados yucatecos reformistas, y de los gobiernos constitucionalistas y socialistas del periodo revolucionario, evidenciaban marcadas diferencias teoricas y practicas en questiones educativas, conforme a sus distintas politicas e ideologias. Pero a pesar de las diferencias, muchas de las propuestas para la educacion de las poblaciones mayas de Yucatan se basaban en un racismo utopico, segun el cual las poblaciones indigenas se consideraban como poblaciones degeneradas, primitivas, y atrasadas, o sea por herencia biologica, o por formacion cultural o linguistica. Solo a traves de un proceso educativo que �liberara� a los �indios� de su idioma, costumbres, y cultura, se podrian asimilar a la patria mexicana como ciudadanos leales y productivos. Los diversos reformistas, en proyectos llevados a la practica, se proponian eradicar toda manifestacion de diferencia etnica, para inculcar en su lugar una conciencia de mexicanidad y de modernidad. Este proceso fue concebido�tanto por hacendados, reformistas, revolucionarios, y socialistas�en terminos espirituales, como un proceso de redencion
The New Parity Debate: Congress and Rights of Belonging

In recent years a debate has emerged over whether parity exists between Congress and state legislatures that has yet to be the focus of significant scholarly attention. In contrast to the older dispute over the comparative strengths of federal and state courts made famous in Professor Burt Neuborne's 1977 Harvard Law Review article, The Myth of Parity, this new debate questions the competence of Congress compared to that of state and local legislatures to define and make enforceable individual rights. Whether parity exists between state and federal legislatures is especially salient in light of the Supreme Court's ongoing Federalism Revolution which has reduced Congress's legislative powers and created a vacuum in the protection of individual rights - presumably to be filled by the states. The most important question in the wake of those lines of cases is whether individual rights can still be effectively protected in the absence of a strong national legislature? Or has something significant been lost? Our article, The New Parity Debate: Congress and Rights of Belonging, argues that Congress plays an irreplaceable role in the protection of individual rights, such that the inevitable result of a reduction in that institution's power will be a rollback in those rights. We are particularly concerned about federal legislation that promotes a more inclusive vision of who belongs to the national community of the United States and that facilitates equal membership in that community. We refer to those rights as rights of belonging. State legislation is simply not an adequate substitute for federal legislation because it must necessarily be piecemeal and varied. In contrast, Congress has greater institutional competence to determine when there is a need for rights of belonging than individual state legislatures have, only Congress can create a nationally uniform baseline of rights, and a shared understanding of rights of belonging reinforces those rights and strengthens our political community. We conclude that the Supreme Court should not attempt to delegate Congress's role in protecting rights of belonging to state governments based on the assumption that there is parity between the institutions.
Herbs for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE:To review and evaluate the literature relative to the use of herbal therapies in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.DATA SOURCES:Literature was identified by MEDLINE, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and the International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements searches and through cross-referencing of selected articles.STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION:All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and all information deemed relevant was included in this review.DATA SYNTHESIS:A large percentage of men >50 years old begin to experience signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Herbs hold promise in the treatment of BPH. Serenoa repens, Pygeum africanum, Urtica dioica radix, and Cucurbita peponis semen are some of the botanical therapies used in the treatment of BPH.CONCLUSIONS:There are many European studies examining efficacy, dose, and adverse effects of these plants in the treatment of BPH. However, numerous questions remain. Thes...
FLAT3: feature location and textual tracing tool

Feature location is the process of finding the source code that implements a functional requirement of a software system. It plays an important role in software maintenance activities, but when it is performed manually, it can be challenging and time-consuming, especially for large, long-lived systems. This paper describes a tool called FLAT3 that integrates textual and dynamic feature location techniques along with feature annotation capabilities and a useful visualization technique, providing a complete suite of tools that allows developers to quickly and easily locate the code that implements a feature and then save these annotations for future use.
Neighbourhood food environment and gestational diabetes in New York City

The association between neighbourhood characteristics and gestational diabetes has not been examined previously. We investigated the relationship between the number of healthy food outlets (supermarkets; fruit/vegetable and natural food stores), and unhealthy food outlets (fast food; pizza; bodegas; bakeries; convenience, candy/nut and meat stores) in census tract of residence, and gestational diabetes in New York City. Gestational diabetes, census tract and individual-level covariates were ascertained from linked birth-hospital data for 210 926 singleton births from 2001 to 2002 and linked to commercial data on retail food outlets. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using a multilevel logistic model. No association between food environment measures and gestational diabetes was found, with aORs ranging from 0.95 to 1.04. However, an increased odds of pre-pregnancy weight >200 lbs for women living in a given neighbourhood with no healthy food outlets [aOR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.07, 1.21] or only one healthy food place [aOR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.04, 1.18] relative to two or more healthy food outlets was found. Due to probable misclassification of neighbourhood food environment and pre-pregnancy obesity results are likely to be biased towards the null. Future research, including validity studies, on the neighbourhood food environment, obesity during pregnancy and gestational diabetes is warranted.
Neutron escape from isobaric analogue resonances

Abstract We study neutron escape from isobaric analogue states formed in proton scattering experiments. The corrections to the dominant process of Coulomb mixing through compound states given by direct and two-step mechanisms are examined. In particular, these corrections are shown to be negligible for neutron escape from the d 5 2 analogue of 89 Sr.
Decoding multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: an opportune pursuit

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with major worldwide prevalence and a poor overall prognosis. About 75% of all HCC cases are initially diagnosed as multiple tumors, presenting a particular challenge for aggressive surgical therapy. Multiple HCC may result from multicentric occurrence (MO-HCC) or intrahepatic metastases (IM-HCC), corresponding to highly dissimilar clinical outcomes. Reliable distinction of these two mechanisms is therefore paramount in optimizing the management of multiple HCC. In a recent work, Miao et al. adopted a multi-omics approach to find key parameters of different clonality in MO-HCC vs. IM-HCC and link these data to tumor behavior and prognosis in a cohort of patients with HBV-related HCC. The mitotic checkpoint regulator TTK has emerged from this analysis as a novel biomarker that may predict aggressive behavior and early postoperative recurrence of HCC.
The Advanced Toroidal Facility

The Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF), now under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, will be the world’s largest stellarator experiment when it begins operation in early 1987. It will hav...
Global regularity of chemotaxis equations with advection

We study the Patlak–Keller–Segel (PKS) equations in 2D that describe chemotaxis with an additional advection term. We show that solutions are globally regular for smooth initial data with subcritical mass as long as the flow has nonpositive divergence. For initial data with supercritical mass, numerical simulations suggest that blow-up might be prevented by imposing some strong incompressible advection term.
Future considerations: advances in the surgical management of erectile dysfunction

As treatment options for erectile dysfunction (ED) continue to expand, and with more attractive alternatives such as effective systemic treatment becoming available, the number of men presenting for treatment of ED is increasing exponentially. Since a subset of these men continue to require surgical therapy, there is a potential for the number of operations for the treatment of ED and related disorders to actually increase. Areas in the surgical treatment of ED where improvements are needed are identified, including: measures to prevent penile prosthesis infections, better penile implants, improved penile augmentation procedures, better surgical procedures for the treatment of Peyronie's disease, improved penile revascularization procedures, and new motor and sensory penile nerve grafting procedures. International Journal of Impotence Research (2000) 12, Suppl 4, S140-S143.
Multidentate Adsorbates for Self-Assembled Monolayer Films

The spontaneous adsorption of organic molecules on a variety of planar and nonplanar substrates, that is, self assembly, can generate films just one molecule thick. These nanoscale, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films have been extensively used to engineer surfaces with well-defined properties. Their utility has been demonstrated in a wide range of applications, including wetting, adhesion, lubrication, patterning, and molecular recognition. Many SAM systems have been investigated, but alkanethiols adsorbed on gold are the most successful combination. This pairing offers a variety of advantages, including the ability to tune precisely the interfacial properties of a surface through the well-established organic synthetic methodologies that have been developed for preparing custom ω-terminated alkanethiols.Alkanethiolate monolayers are moderately stable at room temperature; however, these films degrade over time and readily desorb upon moderate heating. This shortcoming limits the use of SAMs in applicatio...
The genetics of the autoimmune thyroid diseases.

L'objectif de cet article est i) de decrire la demarche actuelle de la recherche des genes responsables des pathologies complexes en comparaison avec l'approche purement mendelienne ; ii) de presenter la definition actuelle des maladies autoimmunes de la thyroide et d'introduire la notion d'heterogeneite ; iii) de faire le point sur les donnees en faveur d'un element genetique des maladies autoimmunes de la thyroide en opposition a des facteurs environnementaux et de prendre en compte de nouvelles informations generees par des etudes cliniques sur le role de 1'HLA, les modulateurs immuns et les nouveaux loci d'interet dans la susceptibilite aux maladies autoimmunes de la thyroide.
Determining the Syringyl/Guaiacyl Lignin Ratio in the Vessel and Fiber Cell Walls of Transgenic Populus Plants

Observation of the spatial lignin distribution throughout the plant cell wall provides insight into the physicochemical characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass. The distribution of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) lignin in cell walls of a genetically modified Populus deltoides and its corresponding empty vector control were analyzed with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and then mapped to determine the S/G lignin ratio of the sample surface and specific regions of interest (ROIs). The surface characterizations of transgenic cross-sections within 1 cm vertical distance of each other on the stem possess similar S/G lignin ratios. The analysis of the ROIs determined that there was a 50% decrease in the S/G lignin ratio of the transgenic xylem fiber cell walls.
What Kind of European Pillar

In the early 1960s, the development of the European Economic Community (ec)1 prompted the Kennedy administration to revive the European pillar idea in the form of a proposal for an Atlantic partnership with the emergent ec. Advanced as both a conceptual and programmatic model for US—European relations, Kennedy’s ‘grand design’ envisaged the two sides of the Atlantic working together as separate and increasingly equal entities, yet unified and mutually reinforced by common or similar interests and purposes. As described by presidential advisor McGeorge Bundy in December 1961, ‘the most productive way of conceiving the political future of the Atlantic Community is to think in terms of a partnership between the United States on the one hand and a great European power on the other’.2 President Kennedy later elaborated the theme in a major address in Philadelphia on 4 July 1962, proclaiming the need for closer interdependence between the United States and a unifying Europe: We believe that a united Europe will be capable of playing a greater role in the common defense, of responding more generously to the needs of poorer nations… We see in such a Europe a partner with whom we could deal on a basis of full equality in all the great and burdensome tasks of building and defending a community of free nations.3
Changes in forest biomass and tree species distribution under climate change in the northeastern United States

Forests in the northeastern United States are currently in early- and mid-successional stages recovering from historical land use. Climate change will affect forest distribution and structure and have important implications for biodiversity, carbon dynamics, and human well-being. We addressed how aboveground biomass (AGB) and tree species distribution changed under multiple climate change scenarios (PCM B1, CGCM A2, and GFDL A1FI) in northeastern forests. We used the LANDIS PRO forest landscape model to simulate forest succession and tree harvest under current climate and three climate change scenarios from 2000 to 2300. We analyzed the effects of climate change on AGB and tree species distribution. AGB increased from 2000 to 2120 irrespective of climate scenario, followed by slight decline, but then increased again to 2300. AGB averaged 10 % greater in the CGCM A2 and GFDL A1FI scenarios than the PCM B1 and current climate scenarios. Climate change effects on tree species distribution were not evident from 2000 to 2100 but by 2300 some northern hardwood and conifer species decreased in occurrence and some central hardwood and southern tree species increased in occurrence. Climate change had positive effects on forest biomass under the two climate scenarios with greatest warming but the patterns in AGB over time were similar among climate scenarios because succession was the primary driver of AGB dynamics. Our approach, which simulated stand dynamics and dispersal, demonstrated that a northward shift in tree species distributions may take 300 or more years.
Theory of Motivated Information Management

The theory of motivated information management accounts for the factors that jump-start and guide people through the process of deciding whether to seek information from specific others about important issues. The theory argues that both information-seekers and providers consider the costs and benefits of information, as well as their ability and that of the receiver to manage and communicate the sought-after information effectively, as part of their decision about whether to seek/provide information or avoid doing so. The theory has received good support across a wide range of contexts but also has important areas in which it can improve its predictive precision. Keywords: health communication; information management; interpersonal communication; interpersonal theory; uncertainty
The Localization of Long-Distance Dependency Components: Integrating the Focal-lesion and Neuroimaging Record.

In the sentence ``The captain who the sailor greeted is tall,'' the connection between the relative pronoun and the object position of greeted, represents a long-distance dependency (LDD), necessary for the interpretation of ``the captain'' as the individual being greeted. Whereas the lesion-based record shows preferential involvement of only the left inferior frontal (LIF) cortex, associated with Broca's aphasia, during real-time comprehension of LDDs, the neuroimaging record shows additional involvement of the left posterior superior temporal (LPST) and lower parietal cortices, which are associated with Wernicke's aphasia. We test the hypothesis that this localization incongruence emerges from an interaction of memory and linguistic constraints involved in the real-time implementation of these dependencies and which had not been previously isolated. Capitalizing on a long-standing psycholinguistic understanding of LDDs as the workings of an active filler, we distinguish two linguistically defined mechanisms : GAP-search, triggered by the retrieval of the relative pronoun, and GAP-completion, triggered by the retrieval of the embedded verb. Each mechanism is hypothesized to have distinct memory demands and given their distinct linguistic import, potentially distinct brain correlates. Using fMRI, we isolate the two mechanisms by analyzing their relevant sentential segments as separate events. We manipulate LDD-presence/absence and GAP-search type (direct/indirect) reflecting the presence/absence of intervening islands. Results show a direct GAP-search - LIF cortex correlation that crucially excludes the LPST cortex. Notably, \emph{indirect GAP-search} recruitment is confined to supplementary-motor and lower-parietal cortex. GAP-completion instead shows recruitment implicating the dorsal pathway including: the supplementary motor cortex, left supramarginal cortex, precuneus, and anterior/dorsal cingulate. Altogether, the results are consistent with previous findings connecting GAP-search, as we define it, to the LIF cortex. They are not consistent with an involvement of the LPST cortex in any of the two mechanisms, and therefore support the view that the LPST cortex is not crucial to LDD implementation. Finally, results support neurocognitive architectures that involve the dorsal pathway in LDD resolution and that distinguish the memory commitments of the LIF cortex as sensitive to specific language-dependent constraints beyond phrase-structure building considerations.
Multiple message broadcasting and gossiping in the dynamically orientable graphs

This research investigates the problems of gossiping and multiple message broadcasting in dynamically orientable graphs of different network topologies. These are new problems never attempted before. Dynamically orientable graphs and six different network topologies are considered: paths, cycles, stars, binary trees, complete trees and two-dimensional grids. Information dissemination in graphs that are dynamically orientable requires that number of messages sent in each direction along an edge be balanced and therefore necessitates a different approach in gossiping and multiple message broadcasting. The obvious upper bound for gossiping and multiple message broadcasting in dynamically orientable graphs is twice the best known time for gossiping and multiple message broadcasting in classical graphs. This is obtained by inserting an additional time step t' after each time step t in the classical graph algorithm in which all calls of time step t are repeated with messages moving along the same edges but in the opposite direction to reset the bias of these edges. Finding better bounds for gossiping and multiple message broadcasting in dynamically orientable graphs is the goal of this research. For each network topology an algorithm is proposed to perform gossiping and multiple message broadcasting. For some network topologies proposed algorithms for dynamically orientable graphs achieved the same upper bound as it is known for classical graphs, for example, gossiping in dynamically orientable grid graphs. In some cases the best time is the twice the best known time for gossiping and multiple message broadcasting in classical graphs, for example, gossiping in dynamically orientable star graphs. In other cases, good time bounds are achieved that are very close to the upper bounds in classical graphs, for example, multiple message broadcasting in dynamically orientable grid graphs. Multiple message broadcasting in dynamically orientable cycle graphs is also a good example of close upper bounds. As number of messages increases bounds become very close to each other.
Quantitative phase imaging and complex field reconstruction by pupil modulation differential phase contrast.

Differential phase contrast (DPC) is a non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging method achieved by using an asymmetric imaging procedure. We report a pupil modulation differential phase contrast (PMDPC) imaging method by filtering a sample’s Fourier domain with half-circle pupils. A phase gradient image is captured with each half-circle pupil, and a quantitative high resolution phase image is obtained after a deconvolution process with a minimum of two phase gradient images. Here, we introduce PMDPC quantitative phase image reconstruction algorithm and realize it experimentally in a 4f system with an SLM placed at the pupil plane. In our current experimental setup with the numerical aperture of 0.36, we obtain a quantitative phase image with a resolution of 1.73μm after computationally removing system aberrations and refocusing. We also extend the depth of field digitally by 20 times to ±50μm with a resolution of 1.76μm.