cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Certain Peculiarities of the Coleopterous Fauna of the Pacific Northwest

When the Coleopterous fauna of that part of our country commonly spoken of as the Pacific Northwest is studied, certain evident and very interesting facts are brought out. Some of these were touched upon in a paper dealing with geographical distribution, published some years ago. For instance, it was stated that the greater portion of the fauna was what I have called Vancouveran, that is, belonged to that aggregation of species characteristic of the cool and moist maritime belt extending from Southeastern Alaska to middle California; that on the higher mountains were to be found faunas which were more closely related to those now generally associated with the countries to the north and east and designated by such names as the Canadian, Hudsonian and Arctic; and that in that great area between the Cascades and Rocky Mountains would be encountered the fauna which I have named the Great Basin fauna, in reality a modified and attenuated form of the Sonoran. The general facts of distribution having been fully dealt with before, I shall not speak of those here. There are, however, many peculiar phases of the subject which I think merit a fuller discussion. Some of these I shall now proceed ta amplify.
Control of Spin Defects in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for Quantum Technologies

Deep-level defects are usually considered undesirable in semiconductors as they typically interfere with the performance of present-day electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the electronic spin states of certain atomic-scale defects have recently been shown to be promising quantum bits for quantum information processing as well as exquisite nanoscale sensors due to their local environmental sensitivity. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in quantum control protocols of several of these spin defects, the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV $^{-}$ ) center in diamond and a variety of forms of the neutral divacancy $({\text{VV}}^{0})$ complex in silicon carbide (SiC). These defects exhibit a spin-triplet ground state that can be controlled through a variety of techniques, several of which allow for room temperature operation. Microwave control has enabled sophisticated decoupling schemes to extend coherence times as well as nanoscale sensing of temperature along with magnetic and electric fields. On the other hand, photonic control of these spin states has provided initial steps toward integration into quantum networks, including entanglement, quantum state teleportation, and all-optical control. Electrical and mechanical control also suggest pathways to develop quantum transducers and quantum hybrid systems. The versatility of the control mechanisms demonstrated should facilitate the development of quantum technologies based on these spin defects.
Comparison of three cardioplegic solutions during hypothermic ischemic arrest in neonatal blood-perfused rabbit hearts.

Inadequate myocardial preservation continues to be an important cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality after pediatric cardiac operations. To investigate methods of improving preservation in neonatal myocardium, we compared three cardioplegic solutions with topical hypothermia during 120 minutes of ischemic arrest in isolated, blood-perfused, neonatal rabbit hearts. Topical hypothermia (15° C) without cardioplegia resulted in 71% ± 5% recovery of preischemic contractile function. A high potassium (30 mEq/L) cardioplegic solution resulted in a 76% ± 6% recovery of function, not significantly different from that obtained with hypothermia alone. In contrast, the St Thomas’ Hospital and Hopital Lariboisiere cardioplegic solutions resulted in recoveries of 89% ± 6% and 88% ± 7%, respectively, both of which were significantly greater (p
Cytology of cervical chordoma in cerebrospinal fluid from a child: a case report

The cytologic findings on cerebrospinal fluid examination of cervical chordoma in a 2-year-old girl are presented. The major cell type was a small, isolated, hyperchromatic cell with sharply defined nuclear membrane and granular cytoplasm. However, the characteristic cell of this neoplasm, the so-called physaliferous cell with typical bubbly cytoplasm, was also noted. Cytologic findings were compared to biopsy findings, with a good correlation of tumor morphology. Clinical follow-up revealed unusually aggressive tumor behavior, and the patient died a year later despite intensive chemotherapy. The differential diagnosis of the condition is also discussed.
The Aging Gustatory System

Worldwide, the segment of the population aged 65 years and above is escalating rapidly and is expected to reach 1.5 billion by 2050. This increase in elderly persons presents many global challenges including addressing perceptual changes in the sense of taste that can reduce quality of life, increase the risk from food poisoning, and lead to inadequate nutritional status especially in the sick or malnourished elderly. Older persons have elevated taste thresholds as well as reduced capacity to discriminate among suprathreshold taste stimuli. These decrements in taste sensitivity can result from normal aging but are exacerbated by certain disease states, pharmacological and surgical interventions, radiation, and environmental exposure. Comparison of medicated and nonmedicated elderly indicates that taste distortions are more common in persons taking multiple medications. There are no standard medical treatments for taste alterations experienced by the elderly, but current biochemical research may ultimately provide useful insights for treating taste losses that occur in older individuals.
High-dose-rate brachytherapy of rhabdomyosarcoma limited to the external auditory canal

Abstract Purpose To report on the single-catheter high-dose-rate brachytherapy treatment of a 21-month-old girl child with an embryonal, botryoid-type, rhabdomyosarcoma limited to the external auditory canal (EAC). Methods and Materials A 2.4-mm diameter catheter was inserted into the right EAC and placed against the tympanic membrane. A computed tomography simulation scan was acquired. A brachytherapy treatment plan, in which 21 Gy in seven fractions was prescribed to a 1-mm depth along the distal 2 cm of the catheter, was generated. Treatments were delivered under anesthesia without complication. A dosimetric comparison between this plan and an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan was then conducted. A clinical target volume (CTV), which encompassed a 1-mm margin along the distal 2 cm of the catheter, was delineated for both plans. Given positioning uncertainty under image guidance, a planning target volume (PTV = CTV + 3-mm margin) was defined for the IMRT plan. The IMRT plan was optimized for maximal CTV coverage but subsequently normalized to the same CTV volume receiving 100% of the prescription dose ( V 100 ) of the brachytherapy plan. Results The IMRT plan was normalized to the brachytherapy CTV V 100 of 82.0%. The PTV V 100 of this plan was 34.1%. The PTV exhibited dosimetric undercoverage within the middle ear and toward the external ear. Mean cochlea doses for the IMRT and brachytherapy plans were 26.7% and 10.5% of prescription, respectively. Conclusions For rhabdomyosarcomas limited to the EAC, a standard brachytherapy catheter can deliver a highly conformal radiation plan that can spare the nearby cochlea from excess radiation.
Aircraft Cruise Performance Optimization using Chattering Controls

Abstract Aircraft Cruise Performance is examined using energy state approximation and chattering controls to investigate fuel range optimal trajectories. Classical steady-state cruise, simple chattering-cruise and the extended chattering cruise models are studied as constrained parameter-optimization problems. The term "extended chattering" refers to vehicle system modeling extended to maintain vertical equilibrium only on the average. Computational results are presented for three different aircraft. This study shows that simple chattering cruise for certain specific energies can result in substantial fuel savings over classical steady state cruise. However extended chattering cruise results in only marginal fuel savings when compared to simple chattering cruise.
How Korean Language Arts Teachers Adopt and Adapt Open Educational Resources: A Study of Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives

Since 2005, open educational resources (OER) have played a key role in K-12 education in South Korea; so far, however, there has been little discussion about OER efficacy in South Korean K-12 education. In the meantime, South Korean education has been attracting a lot of interest around the world. Former U.S. President Obama’s comments about South Korean education might also be caused by South Korean students’ academic performance evaluated by international large-scale assessments such as the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). This article uses an ethnographic perspective to explore the experiences of teachers and students in the Korean context. The analysis of the findings shows how teachers adopt and adapt OER for their 12 th grade (the final year of secondary school) Korean language arts classes. Through classroom observations, interviews, and questionnaires, this exploration revealed that nearly 92% of the students perceived OER as beneficial to their studies and that teachers were spurred on to orchestrate differentiated instructional plans by OER. We argue that there is significant value to using OER in the formal educational curriculum, but that a lack of knowledge of how to adapt OER restricts how their potential is realized in practice. We identify implications for maximizing OER adaptation and successful usage of OER in K-12 education.
Deformation response of grain boundary networks at high temperature

The deformation response of random grain boundary networks as a function of temperature and strain rate is explored using molecular dynamics atomistic simulations and an embedded atom method interatomic potential. We find that deformation at higher temperatures promotes both dislocation emission and grain boundary accommodation processes. The results allow estimating the activation energies and volumes for the deformation process. We find activation energy values for the deformation process similar to those for grain boundary diffusion and activation volumes consistent with an atomic shuffling mechanism. Our results suggest a picture of the deformation process as governed by the combination of the applied stress and thermally activated processes.
Algorithmic Optimization of Thermal and Power Management for Heterogeneous Mobile Platforms

State-of-the-art mobile platforms are powered by heterogeneous system-on-chips that integrate multiple CPU cores, a GPU, and many specialized processors. Competitive performance on these platforms comes at the expense of increased power density due to their small form factor. Consequently, the skin temperature, which can degrade the experience, becomes a limiting factor. Since using a fan is not a viable solution for hand-held devices, there is a strong need for dynamic thermal and power management (DTPM) algorithms that can regulate temperature with minimal performance impact. This paper presents a DTPM algorithm, which uses a practical temperature prediction methodology based on system identification. The proposed algorithm dynamically computes a power budget using the predicted temperature. This budget is used to throttle the frequency and number of cores to avoid temperature violations with minimal impact on the system performance. Our experimental measurements on two different octa-core big.LITTLE processors and common Android applications demonstrate that the proposed technique predicts the temperature with less than 5% error across all benchmarks. Using this prediction, the proposed DTPM algorithm successfully regulates the maximum temperature and decreases the temperature violations by one order of magnitude while also reducing the total power consumption on average by 7% compared with the default solution.
Learning to see the world again: Josef Pieper on philosophy, prudence, and the university

In this article I utilize recent psychological and sociological studies on education along with Catholic philosopher Josef Pieper’s work on the relationship between sight, prudence and the percepti...
Spurious testosterone laboratory results in a patient taking synthetic alkaline phosphatase (asfotase alfa).

Abstract Objectives We report a case of discordant total and free testosterone values in a patient with hypogonadism and juvenile hypophosphatasia after he initiated treatment with asfotase alfa, recombinant tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Methods Total testosterone was evaluated using immunoassay pre and post initiation of therapy with asfotase alfa, and free testosterone was evaluated using radioimmunoassay and LC-MS/MS while on asfotase alfa therapy. Results Total testosterone measured by immunoassay was normal prior to therapy with asfotase alfa, and was low post initiation of therapy. During the same time frame, free testosterone measured using RAI and total testosterone measured using LC-MS/MS were normal on asfotase alfa therapy. This suggests assay interference with the total testosterone immunoassay. Conclusion When laboratory results are discordant or do not match the clinical impression, the possibility of assay interference should be considered. Alternative laboratory methods free of the interference should be selected to evaluate these patients. Human genes discussed in the paper ALPL gene, Approved name: Alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney, Synonym: Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSAP).
Model is as model does.

Kids love models, and on page 792 of this issue Shimizu et al. give us an early Christmas present. Using plastic replicas of the CheA, CheW, and Tsr protein structures, they assembled the pieces like a jigsaw puzzle. The pleasing result is a scale model of the receptor–kinase signalling complex of bacterial chemotaxis.
Young Mothers' Time Spent at Work and Time Spent Caring for Children

The association between the time a mother spends at work and in different child care activities is investigated, using data from the 1981 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). The mothers who worked on the index day spent almost one hour less time in physical care, one-half hour less time in interactive care, and over two hours less time in passive supervision of their children. The effects of a set of predictors on time use at work, time use in physical care, interactive care, and passive supervision of children were estimated using a covariance structure model. When the effects of these predictors are controlled, the number of hours at work predicts: (a) a small reduction in time spent in interactive care, and (b) larger reductions in time spent in physical care and passive supervision.
Todovino: Can Your Rival Be Your Friend?

Todovino sells Spanish wines through wine clubs and web sites. Founder-CEO Gonzalo Verdera has partnered with many companies to create cobranded wine clubs, but now he is pondering a joint venture with one of his rivals, a brick-and-mortar wine chain, where Todovino would provide the online presence for the chain. Should Verdera help his rival? What are the risks and benefits for Todovino?Learning Objective: To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of collaborating with competitors. To examine ways to structure partnership agreements to gain the most value from such collaborations.
Instilling Fairness in Animal Research.

Very few citizens understand the degree to which the evolution of civilization depended upon the use of animals. Prior to animal domestication, significant amounts of time was spent hunting and gat...
The Online Resources Shared on Twitter About the #MeToo Movement: The Pareto Principle

In this paper we examine the most influential resources shared on Twitter about the #MeToo movement. We also examine whether a small proportion of domain names and URLs (e.g. 20%) appear in a large number of tweets (e.g. 80%) that contain #MeToo (known as the 80/20 rule or Pareto principle). R and Python were used to analyze the data. Results demonstrated that the most frequently shared domains were this http URL (47.20%), this http URL (4.42%) and this http URL (3.69%). The most frequently shared content was a recent poll which indicated "men are afraid to mentor women after the #MeToo movement". In accordance with the Pareto principle, 8% of domain names accounted for 80% of the shared content on Twitter that contained #MeToo. This study provides a base for researchers who are interested in understanding what online resources people rely on when sharing information about online social movements (e.g. #MeToo).
The Impact of Vivid Graphical Presentation of Financial Information in Digital Annual Reports on Investors' Impressions of Management and Firm Performance

After the SEC's (2008) guidance on website disclosures, firms began providing digital annual reports with summarized financial performance graphs in a wide variety of formats. This study examines t...
The Effects of a Health Care–Based Brief Intervention on Dating Abuse Perpetration: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Dating abuse (DA) is prevalent and consequential, yet there are no evidence-based interventions for the health care setting that prevent perpetration. The current study’s purpose was to test a one-session brief motivational interview-style intervention to decrease DA perpetration. We conducted a two-arm RCT of the Real Talk intervention with follow-up at 3 and 6 months. Participants were 172 youth ages 15–19 years old, recruited from the pediatric emergency department or outpatient care services of an urban hospital in the USA in 2014–2017. The primary outcome was change in self-reported DA perpetration, including subtypes of DA such as physical, sexual, psychological, and cyber DA. Youth in both intervention and control arms reduced DA perpetration over time. GEE models indicated no overall intervention effects for any, physical, sexual, or psychological DA. There were overall effects for cyber DA (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27, 0.87). There were also effects at 3 months for psychological DA (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06, 0.93) and cyber DA (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19, 0.79). Analyses stratified by gender also found overall effects for males for any DA (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07, 0.55), physical DA (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10, 0.89), and cyber DA (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.27). For males, intervention effects on any DA persisted to 6 months (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02, 1.01). This health care-based one-session DA intervention is a potentially promising approach to reduce DA perpetration among adolescents. Clinical trial registration: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02080923.
Non-suicidal self-injury among male service members: Descriptive information and a preliminary examination of external correlates

Previous literature has identified nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a common and noteworthy behavior, particularly given its association with psychopathology and suicide. However, the research on NSSI among males has resulted in mixed findings. Additionally, few studies have examined NSSI among service members and only one study to date has examined NSSI specifically among male service members. The present study examined descriptive statistics and clinical correlates of NSSI among male service members. Results indicated that the most common method of NSSI among this group was burning oneself with a cigarette, followed closely by cutting, and burning oneself with a lighter. NSSI engagement was associated with common correlates of NSSI such as increased emotion dysregulation, depression, impulsivity, and capability for suicide as well as decreased distress tolerance and a greatly likelihood to have experienced recent suicidal ideation. NSSI was also associated with grit, narcissism, and masculinity, some of which may be particularly important and valued in military culture. Overall, results suggest important similarities and differences among NSSI in service members relative to previously studied samples. Future research should continue to examine NSSI among male service members to ensure treatments are effectively targeting and addressing aspects of the behavior.
The “Smellicopter,” a bio-hybrid odor localizing nano air vehicle

Robotic airborne chemical source localization has critical applications ranging from search and rescue to hazard detection to pollution assessment. Previous demonstrations on flying robots have required search times in excess of ten minutes, or required computation-intensive signal processing, largely because of the slow response of semiconductor gas sensors. To mitigate these limitations, we developed a hybrid biological/synthetic chemical sensing platform consisting of a moth antenna on an aerial robot. We demonstrate that our robot, a 9 centimeter nano drone, can repeatedly detect and reach the source of a volatile organic chemical plume in less than a minute. We also introduce wind vanes to passively aim the robot upwind, greatly simplifying control. To our knowledge this is the first odor-finding robot to use this approach, and it allows for localization using feedback only from sensors carried on-board rather than GPS, allowing indoor operation. The chemical sensor consists of a hybrid biological/synthetic integrated chemical sensor (electroantennogram) using an excised antenna of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta and associated miniaturized electrophysiology conditioning circuitry. Our robot performs an insect-inspired cast-and-surge search algorithm inspired by the odor-tracking behavior observed in Manduca sexta. These results represent a significant step toward robots that have the speed and sensitivity of biological systems.
Twenty-First Century APN Leadership

This chapter introduces the reader to the concept of APN leadership from the broad perspective of nursing organizations, advocates for changes in the health care environment and nurses who are positioning the field to expand and improve care for all populations. The chapter explains five skills which will enable more effective leadership. Finally, the chapter concludes with the perspective a relatively young nurse being mentored to as an emerging nurse leader.
Constructivist Pedagogy to Promote Cultural Learning in Counselor Education

Counselors are most effective when they approach client concerns through a multicultural lens. Educators can utilize creative classroom activities with students to promote cultural competence and b...
Electro- and photoelectro-catalysts derived from bimetallic amorphous metal–organic frameworks

Fuel cells and electrochemical water splitting have attracted wide attention to address the demand of global energy and the depletion of fossil fuels. These promising and renewable energy alternatives implicate three pivotal reactions: oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The design and synthesis of materials for efficient catalysis toward HER, OER, and ORR are of paramount importance. To address these aims, electro- and photoelectro-catalysts based on the controlled pyrolysis of bimetallic amorphous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are developed. The present study provides a general method for the design and synthesis of bimetallic amorphous MOFs by merging our liquid–liquid interface synthesis method and the metalloligand approach. As a proof of concept, NEU-5 (= [Zn(FeTpyCOOH)(PF6)2]n), NEU-6 (= [Zn(Ru(terpy*)2)(PF6)2]n), NEU-7 (= [Fe(Ru(terpy*)2)(PF6)2]n) and NEU-8 (= [Ti(Ru(terpy*)2)(PF6)2]n) are successfully synthesized, and subsequently pyrolyzed to prepare Fe2P@PNDCN, RuP@PNDCN, Fe3O4/RuO2@NEU-7 and Ru2O/TiN/TiO2@NEU-8, respectively. These electro- and photoelectro-catalysts exhibit excellent activity for ORR, OER and HER in both acidic and alkaline media.
The Navstar Global Positioning System

The Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most widely used satellite‐based navigation and timing (satnav) system in the world. This chapter describes Navstar GPS in summary form. It outlines the history and evolution of GPS, and explains the current structure for managing GPS. The current GPS management structure reflects the extensive applications and dual use nature of GPS. The chapter also describes the geodetic and time reference system employed by GPS, and depicts GPS services including their performance standards. It summarizes key characteristics of the GPS constellation, ground segment, and signals, respectively. The chapter also summarizes the GPS ionosphere model and describes other payloads and functions provided by GPS and its satellites. From the beginning, it was determined that GPS satellites would carry nuclear detonation sensors as a secondary payload. The Search and Rescue payloads on GPS will be compatible with others on Galileo and GLONASS satellites.
Impulsive and Varying Injection in GRB Afterglows

The standard model of Gamma-Ray Bursts afterglows is based on synchrotron radiation from a blast wave produced when the relativistic ejecta encounters the surrounding medium. We reanalyze the refreshed shock scenario, in which slower material catches up with the decelerating ejecta and reenergizes it. This energization can be done either continuously or in discrete episodes. We show that such scenario has two important implications. First there is an additional component coming from the reverse shock that goes into the energizing ejecta. This persists for as long as the re-energization itself, which could extend for up to days or longer. We find that during this time the overall spectral peak is found at the characteristic frequency of the reverse shock. Second, if the injection is continuous, the dynamics will be different from that in constant energy evolution, and will cause a slower decline of the observed fluxes. A simple test of the continuously refreshed scenario is that it predicts a spectral maximum in the far IR or mm range after a few days.
Personality Differences in Decision Making under Stress

When we examine the personal decision making of large numbers of people, we can discern two major types of dilemma that they frequently encounter, both of which generate anxiety, shame, and guilt. One major type of stressful dilemma occurs when people have already decided what is the best thing to do but feel too weak to exercise the self-control necessary to carry out their intentions. This type of dilemma impelis many people to go to clinics that offer help for those who want to quit smoking or to lose weight, where they sometimes benefit from supportive guidance for executing and sticking with a difficult decision. Another type of personal dilemma arises when a man or woman is facing a vital choice concerning marriage, career, health, or life style and is in so much conflict that he or she cannot decide what to do. People wanting help in such a crisis have much more difficulty finding an appropriate professional to consult. There is, however, an emerging development of decision counseling to help people make the fullest use of their own resources to resolve the realistic conflicts that arise from a choice dilemma by becoming aware of neglected alternatives and making the best decision in terms of their own value systems (see Janis & Mann, 1978).
Correlation between a conformational change in the coupling factor protein and the high energy state in chloroplasts.

Abstract Exposure of chloroplasts to a tritiated water solvent resulted in labeling of the coupling factor protein (CF1) concomitant with formation of a phosphorylating state in the membranes; tritium uptake occurred during illumination, acid-base transition, and ATPase activity in chloroplasts, and was largely abolished by inhibitors which destroy the high energy condition. In digitonin subchloroplast particles, the light-dependent tritiation of CF1 occurred in the presence of NH4Cl. Further addition of valinomycin, which uncouples phosphorylation, largely prevented the labeling. These and previous observations (Ryrie, I. J., and Jagendorf, A. T. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 3771) are interpreted as evidence for an energy-linked conformational change in CF1. It is suggested that this may be necessary to allow ATP synthesis. Inclusion of ADP and Pi decreased both tritium uptake into CF1 and a light-induced discharge from the previously labeled protein. Apparently, the inhibition was not dependent on ATP synthesis. We conclude that in the presence of substrates, less of the protein matrix is exposed by the conformaional change.
Seed Conditioning and Handling

Seed as it comes from the field is almost never pure. It usually arrives at the cleaning plant containing large quantities of trash, leaves, weed segments, other crop seeds, and insects. If it contains such materials as green leaves and other high-moisture materials, it cannot be safely stored, efficiently handled, nor accurately cleaned until most of the foreign material has been removed. The process of removing these unwanted materials from a seed lot, along with overall improvement of seed quality, is known as seed conditioning.
Normalization by oxygen uptake of the rates of oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol and ethanol

Abstract Silica-supported, V-substituted polyoxometalates containing V1, V3 and V14 ensembles were characterized by the oxygen uptake protocol developed by Oyama and co-workers. Rates of methanol and ethanol oxidation catalyzed by these samples scaled well with the number of exposed vanadiums and almost as well with the number of oxygens taken up. The results confirm, the weak dependence on the local concentration of redox centers of the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenations. A slight, residual variation in turnover frequencies when normalized by oxygen uptake is interpreted as an adjacency dependence in the number of oxygen vacancies created by the reduction step or, equivalently, as an adjacency dependence in the average degree of reduction of the samples.
In Situ Ionic/Electric Conductivity Measurement of La0.55Li0.35TiO3 Ceramic at Different Li Insertion Levels

The electrical conductivities of solid La 0.55 Li 0.35 TiO 3 electrolytes at different Li intercalation levels were measured, in situ, using a special cell and electrode design. The relative changes in electrical conductivities of La 0.55 Li 0.35 TiO 3 at different Li insertion levels in liquid electrolytes were monitored by the voltage across the La 0.55 Li 0.35+x TiO 3 powder disk electrode sandwiched between two nickel screens and charged only on one nickel screen. The real electrical conductivities of the La 0.55 Li 0.35+x TiO 3 ceramic at different Li insertion levels x without influence of high-ion-conductivity liquid electrolytes was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using sintered La 0.55 Li 0.35+x TiO 3 disk electrodes with Au coating on both sides. Lithium was electrochemically inserted into La 0.55 Li 0.35 TiO 3 when the Au coated disk electrodes were immersed into liquid electrolytes with the cell inverted. The impedances of La 0.55 Li 0.35+x TiO 3 electrodes were then measured with the disk electrode suspended above the liquid electrolyte with the cell upright.
Don Ihde: Heidegger's technologies: Postphenomenological perspectives

Heidegger’s Technologies [HT] is a very good book by one of the philosophical pioneers in technology studies. It should be read widely, both as an engaging record of the author’s own evolving tussle with Heidegger, and as a mini-history of a relatively new field. Along with Albert Borgmann, Hubert Dreyfus, Andrew Feenberg, and a couple of others, Ihde has played a major role in defining the significance of Heidegger’s thought for philosophers of technology. His appropriation of Heidegger (and Husserl) defines a style of philosophizing about technology that has come to be widely and productively followed, not only to describe our experiences with various contemporary technologies, but to reconsider the relation between technology and science, and to address ecological issues, as well as the problem of ethics and the good life in a technoscientific era. At the same time, however, Ihde’s approach to Heidegger has left him less successful in handling wider socio-historical and ontological issues, and what he does say strikes many as too little, too late, and only ‘‘creatively’’ Heideggerian. In what follows, I will consider, apropos the book under review, some issues touching both sides of Ihde’s legacy.
Novel methods for biofilm control and removal from food processing equipment

Abstract: Both spoilage and pathogenic bacteria that grow in biofilms are more resistant to both physical and chemical methods to which similar planktonic cells are sensitive. In order to improve the destruction of bacterial cells in biofilms a number of new methods have been examined. Power ultrasound refers to sonic waves in frequencies ranging from 20 to 100 kHz. Power ultrasound has been shown to be effective in the removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Gas plasma discharge, magnetic fields and pulsed electric field have also been shown to reduce the biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus .
Versatile strategy for the divergent synthesis of linear oligosaccharide domain variants of Quillaja saponin vaccine adjuvants

We describe a new, versatile synthetic approach to Quillaja saponin variants based on the natural product immunoadjuvant QS-21. This modular, divergent strategy provides efficient access to linear oligosaccharide domain variants with modified sugars and regiochemistries. This new synthetic approach opens the door to the rapid generation of diverse analogues to identify novel saponin adjuvants with improved synthetic accessibility.
A Role for S1P and S1P1 in Immature-B Cell Egress from Mouse Bone Marrow

B lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs requires sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor-1 (S1P1). However, whether S1P contributes to immature-B cell egress from the bone marrow (BM) has not been fully assessed. Here we report that in S1P- and S1P1-conditionally deficient mice, the number of immature-B cells in the BM parenchyma increased, while it decreased in the blood. Moreover, a slower rate of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation suggested immature-B cells spent longer in the BM of mice in which S1P1-S1P signaling was genetically or pharmacologically impaired. Transgenic expression of S1P1 in developing B cells was sufficient to mobilize pro- and pre-B cells from the BM. We conclude that the S1P1-S1P pathway contributes to egress of immature-B cells from BM, and that this mechanism is partially redundant with other undefined pathways.
An unsteady potential flow model of bubble-induced particle motion near a horizontal tube in a fluidized bed

Abstract An unsteady hydrodynamic model of bubble-induced particle motion near a horizontal tube immersed in a gas-fluidized bed is proposed. According to the model, a two-dimensional bubble rising past the tube is treated as a moving doublet so that particle motion relative to the bubble is analogous to the potential flow of a gas past a circular cylinder. Also, the condition that particles should not penetrate the tube wall is established using the method of images. The particle velocities induced by the rising bubble are used together with a numerical integration scheme to establish particle trajectories near the tube wall. Results of calculations are shown to compare qualitatively with experimental observations by others. Further calculations illustrate the effect of bubble size upon particle motion in the defluidized cap on the leeward side of the tube. The proposed model could be used as a basis for estimation of emulsion phase residence time or improved interstitial gas velocity estimates required for heat transfer analyses.
Diel Activity Levels of Centrarchid Fishes in a Small Ohio Lake

Abstract We used three different sizes of trap nets (small, medium, and large sizes of both mesh and throats) sampled at 6-h intervals to determine peak activity time(s) for fish along the deep vegetation line in Sandy Lake, Portage County, Ohio. Over 90% of the total catch comprised bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, pumpkinseed L. gibbosus, and black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus. All four species had their lowest catch per unit effort (CPUE) at night (2200–0400 hours). Different length-classes of pumpkinseeds and black crappies had peak CPUE during different times of the day. Smaller length-classes of all species (i.e., those captured in small and medium trap nets) had peak CPUE during either dawn (0400–1000 hours) or midday (1000–1600 hours), whereas the only piscivores captured in high abundance (black crappies 150–303 mm total length captured in large trap nets) had higher CPUE at dusk (1600–2200 hours) than during any other time of the day. It is possible that the...
Direct cytolysis by partially‐purified preparations of immune interferon

Mouse IFN gamma preparations purified 30-fold were found to have direct cytolytic activity against a number of tumor and normal cells. Cell killing was determined using a sensitive, rapid and accurate assay which employed very low numbers of cells and very small quantities of interferon. The cytolytic activity of IFN gamma on 11 murine tumor cell lines was investigated. A 20-fold difference was found between the most-sensitive cell type, P-388 lymphoma, versus the most resistant cell type, C127v leukemia. A number of normal mouse cells was also found to have low to intermediate sensitivity to the cytolytic action of IFN gamma. Human IFN gamma was also shown to have cytolytic activity which, like mouse IFN gamma, was relatively species-specific. Direct cytolysis was not found to be a characteristic of IFN-alpha/beta. Different mechanisms of action for the antiviral and cytolytic activities of IFN gamma are indicated because the cytolytic titer of IFN gamma did not parallel its antiviral titer on most cell types and increasing the cell number produced a decrease in the cytolytic titer and an increase in the anti-viral titer. High concentrations of IFN gamma (i.e., 2,900 units/ml) resulted in complete lysis of cells within 24 h, while lower concentrations (i.e., 700 units/ml) resulted in a reversible inhibition of cell growth during this time period. Evidence that the cytolytic substance in the IFN gamma preparation was IFN gamma include the following: (1) both antiviral and anticellular activities copurified through a 30-fold purification; and both activities were (2) relatively species-specific; (3) sensitive to heat; (4) inactivated by low pH and (5) neutralized by antibodies to IFN gamma. Therefore, we propose the possibility that direct cytolysis is yet another of IFN gamma's distinctive antivities.
SELF-STABILIZING ALGORITHMS FOR ORDERINGS AND COLORINGS

A k-forward numbering of a graph is a labeling of the nodes with integers such that each node has less than k neighbors whose labels are equal or larger. Distributed algorithms that reach a legitimate state, starting from any illegitimate state, are called self-stabilizing. We obtain three self-stabilizing (s-s) algorithms for finding a k-forward numbering, provided one exists. One such algorithm also finds the k-height numbering of graph, generalizing s-s algorithms by Bruell et al. [4] and Antonoiu et al. [1] for finding the center of a tree. Another k-forward numbering algorithm runs in polynomial time. The motivation of k-forward numberings is to obtain new s-s graph coloring algorithms. We use a k-forward numbering algorithm to obtain an s-s algorithm that is more general than previous coloring algorithms in the literature, and which k-colors any graph having a k-forward numbering. Special cases of the algorithm 6-color planar graphs, thus generalizing an s-s algorithm by Ghosh and Karaata [13], as well as 2-color trees and 3-color series-parallel graphs. We discuss how our s-s algorithms can be extended to the synchronous model.
Genetics and morphology of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in septic tanks in Puerto Rico.

Dengue viruses, primarily transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.), affect an estimated 50–100 million people yearly. Traditional approaches to control mosquito population numbers, such as the use of pesticides, have had only limited success. Atypical mosquito behavior may be one reason why current vector control efforts have been less efficacious than expected. In Puerto Rico, for example, adult Ae. aegypti have been observed emerging from septic tanks. Interestingly, adults emerging from septic tanks are larger on average than adults collected from surface containers. To determine whether adults colonizing septic tanks constitute a separate Ae. aegypti population, we used 12 previously validated microsatellite loci to examine adult mosquitoes collected from both septic tanks and surface containers, but found no evidence to suggest genetic differentiation. Size differences between septic tank and surface mosquitoes were reduced when nutrient levels were held constant across experimental groups. Despite the absence of evidence suggesting a genetic difference between experimental groups in this study, Ae. aegypti emerging from septic tanks may still represent a more dangerous phenotype and should be given special consideration when developing vector control programs and designing public health interventions in the future.
The family of the alcoholic patient

Abstract This article reviews the various structural patterns of the alcoholic's family, the interactions within it, and how they develop as the alcoholism progresses. Noting that “Anyone living close to an alcoholic will be psychologically stressed,” the author examines in particular the effects on the spouse. The patterns developing in the family response to the alcoholism are also likely to vary depending on whether the alcoholic is the male or female parent. Ideally, therapy should involve not only the spouse, but also the children and parents and/or in-laws.
A Sonar Time Delay Using Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)

The design of a time delay using a CCD as the linear delay element is described. The design objectives were a time delay of 160 ms for frequencies up to 14 kHz, and a dynamic range of 40 dB with a minimum signal to noise ratio of 12 dB. Three different commercial BBD and CCD parts were considered. Among problems addressed are the frequency response and some ways to compensate the severe high frequency attenuation. Harmonic distortion and its complex interaction with the sampling that occurs in the CCD are considered. Quantitative filter requirements for eliminating the harmonics are worked out. Noise problems and temperature effects are also discussed.
Integrated time-lapse seismic inversion for reservoir petrophysics and fluid-flow imaging

SUMMARY Seismic history matching has been used to reduce uncertainty and increase the accuracy in reservoir characterization. In this paper we propose a joint inversion scheme for quantitative reservoir petrophysics characterization and inside fluid flow imaging, which integrates as many data sources as available, such as timelapse seismic data, production data and sensor information. We demonstrate that this integrated framework leads to accurate seismic history matching and reservoir parameter estimation and that the incorporation of time-lapse seismic data does help speed up the convergence process. In addition, the imaging of the inside fluid flow is also obtained. Considering the unique feature of Bayesian inference in data integration and uncertainty analysis, we also propose a formulation to simultaneously integrate all data sources in a Bayesian framework and solve the problem by stochastically constructing the posterior probability distribution (PPD) using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The coefficients of rock fluid physics models are also incorporated. This means that the coefficients are determined stochastically based on data rather from lab measurements or empirical relationships. Based on MCMC samples, uncertainty can be correctly quantified.
The Effect of Crystallizing and Non-crystallizing Cosolutes on Succinate Buffer Crystallization and the Consequent pH Shift in Frozen Solutions

To effectively inhibit succinate buffer crystallization and the consequent pH changes in frozen solutions. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), the crystallization behavior of succinate buffer in the presence of either (i) a crystallizing (glycine, mannitol, trehalose) or (ii) a non-crystallizing cosolute (sucrose) was evaluated. Aqueous succinate buffer solutions, 50 or 200 mM, at pH values 4.0 or 6.0 were cooled from room temperature to −25°C at 0.5°C/min. The pH of the solution was measured as a function of temperature using a probe designed to function at low temperatures. The final lyophiles prepared from these solutions were characterized using synchrotron radiation. When the succinic acid solution buffered to pH 4.0, in the absence of a cosolute, was cooled, there was a pronounced shift in the freeze-concentrate pH. Glycine and mannitol, which have a tendency to crystallize in frozen solutions, remained amorphous when the initial pH was 6.0. Under this condition, they also inhibited buffer crystallization and prevented pH change. At pH 4.0 (50 mM initial concentration), glycine and mannitol crystallized and did not prevent pH change in frozen solutions. While sucrose, a non-crystallizing cosolute, did not completely prevent buffer crystallization, the extent of crystallization was reduced. Sucrose decomposition, based on XRD peaks attributable to β-D-glucose, was observed in frozen buffer solutions with an initial pH of 4.0. Trehalose completely inhibited crystallization of the buffer components when the initial pH was 6.0 but not at pH 4.0. At the lower pH, the crystallization of both trehalose dihydrate and buffer components was evident. When retained amorphous, sucrose and trehalose effectively inhibited succinate buffer component crystallization and the consequent pH shift. However, when trehalose crystallized or sucrose degraded to yield a crystalline decomposition product, crystallization of buffer was observed. Similarly, glycine and mannitol, two widely used bulking agents, inhibited buffer component crystallization only when retained amorphous. In addition to stabilizing the active pharmaceutical ingredient, lyoprotectants may prevent solution pH shift by inhibiting buffer crystallization.
Efficacy of QuadroPulse rTMS for improving motor function after spinal cord injury: Three case studies.

Context/objective: To examine the effects of repetitive QuadroPulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMSQP) on hand/leg function after spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Interventional proof-of-concept study.Setting: University laboratory.Participants: Three adult subjects with cervical SCI.Interventions: Repeated trains of magnetic stimuli were applied to the motor cortical hand/leg area. Several exploratory single-day rTMSQP protocols were examined. Ultimately we settled on a protocol using three 5-day trials of (1) rTMSQP only; (2) exercise only (targeting hand or leg function); and (3) rTMSQP combined with exercise.Outcome measures: Hand motor function was assessed by Purdue Pegboard and Complete Minnesota Dexterity tests. Walking function was based on treadmill walking and the Timed Up and Go test. Electromyographic recordings were used for neurophysiological testing of cortical (by single- and double-pulse TMS) and spinal (via tendon taps and electrical nerve stimulation) excitability.Results: Sing...
Spinal nerve root surgery for urinary bladder reinnervation

This paper focuses briefly on the concept of urinary bladder reinnervation. Unilaterally decentralized bladders were reinnervated using a new experimental technique, mixed nerve root crossover surgery via a nerve graft. Electrophysiologic and cystometric data indicated axonal regeneration and bladder reinnervation after a mixed suprasacral nerve root (L7) to mixed sacral root (S1) anastomosis. Similar data were obtained from anastomosis with an interposition nerve graft. The crossover nerve root anastomosis also provided for redirection of axons. By employing a similar technique to bypass a damaged segment of spinal cord, urinary bladder reinnervation and restoration of central bladder control may be achievable in select spinal cord injury or spina bifida patients.