cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anterior segment complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Topic The clinical features and management strategies for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections of the cornea, lids, and adnexa. Clinical Relevance Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) can result in a myriad of chronic and recurrent complications that may be sight threatening. Surgical intervention is the mainstay of treatment, and advancements in this area may lessen the complications of HZO if correctly implemented. Methods Literature review of pertinent topics, authors, and journals utilizing the National Institutes of Health PubMed service. Results A higher rate of treatment success for VZV-related complications was obtained when any preexisting ocular inflammation, increased intraocular pressure, lagophthalmos, dry eye, exposure, or neurotrophic keratitis was treated and under control before attempting ocular surgery. Conclusion Options are available to manage ophthalmic complications of HZO and reduce the risk of treatment failure.
Biogenic sedimentary structures produced by worms in soupy, soft muds; observations from the Chattanooga Shale (Upper Devonian) and experiments

Abundant trace fossils occur within rhythmically interbedded black and gray shales of the Chattanooga Shale (Upper Devonian) in central Tennessee. Burrows cross the boundaries between layers and tend to obscure the contacts between alternate layers. Infills of individual burrows often display an array of complex, convoluted features, apparently due to mixing of soft to soupy black and gray muds. Assuming that the burrowers were elongate worm-like organisms, experiments were made to study the relationships between the general morphology of burrowers (simple worms, worms with appendages, etc.), sediment viscosity, and textural features. Rubber bait worms were pulled through superimposed layers of plaster in a first set of experiments. Comparable experiments were then conducted with earthworms. The resulting textures were studied by sawing the hardened plaster blocks perpendicular and horizontal to bedding. The explored viscosities ranged from that of heavy motor oil to that of lithium grease (at 258 degrees C). The study shows that (1) convolute textures observed in plaster experiments closely resemble those seen in Chattanooga Shale burrows; (2) the degree of convolution increases as the viscosity of the substrate decreases; (3) the length of the worm determines the extent of mixing between layers; (4) mixing patterns produced by smooth worms and worms with appendages, although similar, contrast in detail; (5) earthworms and bait worms produce generally similar structures but show certain differences due to contrasting styles of locomotion (peristalsis vs. unidirectional pull). "Virtual" compaction and decompaction of digital images shows close resemblance between experimentally produced structures and burrow textures from the Chattanooga Shale, suggesting that the latter were indeed produced by worm-like animals that moved through semi-fluid muds.
Numerical simulation of the microwave rewarming process of cryopreserved organs

The rewarming process of cryopreserved organs using microwave technology is analyzed by numerical simulation. The FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) method is applied to calculate the electromagnetic field in a real microwave rewarming system, composed by a cylindrical resonant cavity, an antenna source, and a frozen rabbit-kidney phantom with temperature-dependent properties. The efficiency of the FDTD codes is improved by nonuniform grid techniques and parallel algorithms. Meanwhile, an apparent specific-heat method is introduced in the temperature-field calculation. Coupling the solutions of the two fields is realized by a formerly developed algorithm. The numerical results show that in the rewarming process of the rabbit kidney phantom, the warming rate can reach 300°–500°C/min, which may prevent devitrification, but the maximum temperature difference in the sample (18 mm in radius) can reach 15°C at the end, which may cause severe thermal stress. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 201–205, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20945
Long-range undersea acoustic pulse propagation: A stochastic-mechanical approach

Long-range propagation of a pulse from an explosive source on the axis of the deep-ocean sound channel (SOFAR) axis to a receiver on the axis is considered. Nelson's stochastic mechanics is used to construct diffractive rays from a parabolic wave equation. These rays are continually scattered by intensity inhomogeneities. There are no presumed random fluctuations of the ocean medium. A simple closed-form formula for the average pulse shape as a function of range is derived. Its predictions compare well with actual published records of SOFAR pulses.
Execution cache-based microarchitecture for power-efficient superscalar processors

This paper investigates a possible solution to the problem of power consumption in superscalar, out-of-order processors by proposing a new microarchitecture, specifically designed to reduce increasing power requirements of high-end processors. More precisely, we show that by modifying the well-established superscalar processor architecture, significant savings can be achieved in terms of power consumption. Our approach aims at limiting the growing amount of power used in a typical processor for dynamic optimizations (including out-of-order scheduling and register renaming). Our proposed approach achieves significant power savings by reusing as much as possible from the work done by the front-end of a typical superscalar, out-of-order pipeline, via the use of a special cache nested deeply into the processor structure. By reusing instructions that are already decoded, reordered, and have their registers already renamed, the front end of the pipeline can be turned off for large periods of time with significant savings in the overall power consumption. Experimental results show up to 35% (30% on average) savings in average energy per committed instruction, and 35% (20% on average) savings in energy-delay product, with about 9% average performance loss, over a large spectrum of SPEC95 and SPEC2000 benchmarks.
Spindle cell lipoma is strongly CD34 positive. An immunohistochemical study

Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm that may provide diagnostic difficulty to the histopathologist. Four retrospectively identified SCLs were evaluated immunohistochemically with a broad panel of antibodies (CD34, factor XIIIa, S-100, actin and factor VIII). All four SCLs were strongly CD34 positive (95 to 100% of cells) and focally factor XIIIa positive (average 16% of cells). Tumor cells were S-100, actin and factor VIII negative. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, neurofibroma, schwannoma and angiolipoma are CD34 positive tumors that have some similar histologic features to SCL and may be considered in the differential diagnosis. Differentiation is possible using a broad panel of immunostains and routine diagnostic criteria.
Hardware implementation of feature density distribution algorithm for autonomous robot

This paper presents the hardware implementation of a feature density and distribution algorithm used for autonomous robot navigation. This algorithm is implemented on a Memec Virtex-II board, taking advantage of the parallelism to decrease the processing time and complexity of the algorithm. By comparing consecutive frames against each other and calculating the expansion rate of the features found in the images, we are able to determine how far away we are from the objects we are viewing. This rate of expansion is found by performing a linear search between the two images, using a scalar and a shift to find the best match of the feature between the two images. Once this match is found, a time to impact in terms of frames is calculated and with such information, the robot is able to discover the distance to the object and make plans accordingly.
THE IMPACT OF FLORIDA'S HABITUAL OFFENDER LAW ON CRIME*

Research examining the impact of habitual offender laws on crime has suffered from numerous methodological problems, including failure to consider incapacitation effects that may be responsible for most of the laws' impact but that may not appear until years after the law is passed; not addressing simultaneity issues; and omitting needed control variables to avoid spurious or suppressed results. The present study specifies procedures that can be used to mitigate these problems. These procedures are used in the current study to estimate the impact of Florida's habitual offender law on crime using a multiple time series design, with data for 58 counties from 1980–1998.
Screening biomaterials for stimulation of nitric oxide-mediated inflammation.

Inflammatory reactions to biomaterials may include macrophage-mediated generation of nitric oxide (NO), which may harm patient tissue or potentially interfere with proper function of an implanted device. RAW 264.7 cells were grown in culture and treated at various times with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), murine recombinant γ-interferon (mrIFN-γ), and different preparations of hyaluronic acid (HA). Increase in fluorescence of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) allowed for detection of initial (24 h or less) NO inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 to LPS from E. coli O26:B6. By looking at early time points, mrIFN-γ augmentation of the LPS effect was observed, simulating a complex immune reaction. Activation through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), was confirmed in this system by parthenolide inhibition of LPS stimulation. Stimulation of RAW 264.7 by different HA preparations resulted in NO responses that correlated with the amount of LPS present. In the presence of mrIFN-γ, a significant inflammatory reaction to HA was observed when the concentration of contaminating LPS was as low as 0.15 EU/mL. NO production in the presence of mrIFN-γ by RAW 264.7 may serve as a convenient in vitro system to routinely screen biomaterials for potentially harmful macrophage-mediated inflammation whereby the safety of implanted medical devices might be compromised. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Neurologic fragments. Ii. Remarks on anosognosia, confabulation, memory, and other topics; and an appendix on self-observation

This is an account of an informal presentation of personal views and opinions concerning behavioral phenomena-anosognosia, confabulation, memory and amnesia, perseveration and agitation, plus a few interesting brief case histories that make a neurologic point. Finally, the practice of self-observation is recommended for neurologists, and a few examples from personal experience are described.
Growth Promoting and Inhibitory Activities Of 3T3 and Other Cell Lines for Thiol-dependent Lymphoma Cells in Vitro

SummaryThe growth of thiol dependent cells of Lymphoma L1210(V) is supported by 3T3 and L cells as well as by macrophages in vitro. The supporting cells do not permanently condition the medium, but diffusion chamber studies show that growth promotion is mediated humorally. At high cell density inhibition of lymphoma cell growth can be observed in the supernatant from one of the 3T3 sublines examined, which appears to be due to a nondialyzable inhibitor whose effect is unrelated to thiol dependency.
Travelers’ Prior Knowledge and its Impact on their Information Search Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of prior knowledge on travelers’information search behavior. This study examined prior knowledge as having two dimensions: familiarity and expertise. The influence of familiarity and expertise on information search was examined utilizing a structural equation modeling approach. The results of this study provide support for multidimensional prior knowledge. The results also indicate that expertise is a function of familiarity and both familiarity and expertise affect travelers’information search behavior. However, the magnitude and direction of the effects of travelers’familiarity on their information search behavior are different from the effects of their expertise. Findings suggest that although the effect of familiarity on internal search is positive and on external search is negative, the effect of expertise on internal search is negative and on external search is positive.
Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common blinding disease in children in the developed world despite current treatment, and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the developing world. ROP progresses in two phases. The first phase begins with delayed retinal vascular growth after birth and partial regression of existing vessels, followed by a second phase of hypoxia-induced pathological vessel growth. Two major risk factors of ROP are the use of oxygen and a decreased gestation period. Excessive oxygen contributes to ROP through regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Suppression of VEGF by oxygen in phase I of ROP inhibits normal vessel growth, whereas elevated levels of VEGF induced by hypoxia in phase II of ROP precipitate pathological vessel proliferation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a critical non-oxygen-regulated factor in ROP. We have found that serum levels of IGF-1 in premature babies directly correlate with the severity of clinical ROP. IGF-1 acts indirectly as a permissive factor by allowing maximal VEGF stimulation of vessel growth. Lack of IGF-1 in preterm infants prevents normal retinal vascular growth in phase I of ROP, despite the presence of VEGF. As infants mature, rising levels of IGF-1 in phase II of ROP allows VEGF stimulated pathological neovascularization. These findings suggest that restoration of IGF-1 to normal levels might be useful in preventing ROP in preterm infants.
Optimal Reference Points and Anticipation

This paper considers a model of reference-dependent utility in which the individual makes a conscious choice of her reference point for future consumption. The model incorporates the combination of loss aversion and anticipatory utility as competing forces in the determination of the optimal reference point: anticipating better outcomes boosts current utility but also raises the reference level for future consumption, making the individual more susceptible to losses. A central focus of the paper is on the implications of this model of Optimal Anticipation for attitudes toward risk in dynamic environments. The main representation is formulated in an innite-horizon framework, and axiomatic foundations are provided. I also describe special cases and show in particular that recursive expected utility in the sense of Epstein and Zin (1989) and Kreps and Porteus (1978) can be reinterpreted in terms of optimal anticipation and loss aversion. Finally, I describe a homogeneous version of the model and apply it to a portfolio choice problem. I show that asset pricing for the Optimal Anticipation model is based on simple modications of standard Euler equations. While maintaining tractability, this model is rich enough to permit
Circuit Optimization Predicts Dynamic Networks for Chemosensory Orientation in Nematode C. elegans

The connectivity of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been described completely, but the analysis of the neuronal basis of behavior in this system is just beginning. Here, we used an optimization algorithm to search for patterns of connectivity sufficient to compute the sensorimotor transformation underlying C. elegans chemotaxis, a simple form of spatial orientation behavior in which turning probability is modulated by the rate of change of chemical concentration. Optimization produced differentiator networks with inhibitory feedback among all neurons. Further analysis showed that feedback regulates the latency between sensory input and behavior. Common patterns of connectivity between the model and biological networks suggest new functions for previously identified connections in the C. elegans nervous system.
Neuronal Activity in Primate Orbitofrontal Cortex Reflects the Value of Time

Neurons in monkey orbitofrontal cortex (OF) are known to respond to reward-predicting cues with a strength that depends on the value of the predicted reward as determined 1) by intrinsic attributes including size and quality and 2) by extrinsic factors including the monkey's state of satiation and awareness of what other rewards are currently available. We pose here the question whether another extrinsic factor critical to determining reward value-the delay expected to elapse before delivery-influences neuronal activity in OF. To answer this question, we recorded from OF neurons while monkeys performed a memory-guided saccade task in which a cue presented early in each trial predicted whether the delay before the monkey could respond and receive a reward of fixed size would be short or long. OF neurons tended to fire more strongly in response to a cue predicting a short delay. The tendency to fire more strongly in anticipation of a short delay was correlated across neurons with the tendency to fire more strongly before a large reward. We conclude that neuronal activity in OF represents the time-discounted value of the expected reward.
The Economics of Reputation and Feedback Systems in E-Commerce Marketplaces

The growth of online electronic commerce in general, and of marketplaces in particular, is attributed not only to their ease of use but also to the fact that they provide reputation and feedback systems that help marketplace platforms create trust. The objective of this article is to introduce the reader to the simple economics behind the role of feedback systems, and offer a broad overview of how reputation and feedback systems support e-commerce in online marketplaces. Problems of bias in feedback systems and other possible shortcomings are presented, along with ways to augment their effectiveness and directions for future research and development.
Cluster Molecular Dynamics on Massively Parallel Computers

We report the results of computer simulations of phase transitions in noble-gas clusters. The calculations were performed on a MasPar MP-l massively parallel computer with 8,192 processing elements (PE’s). We discuss the efficient implementation of molecular dynamics algorithms for small clusters on this type of architecture. The simulations are based on a classical Lennard-Jones pair potential and follow the temporal evolution of the system by numerically integrating Newton’s equations of motion using the Gear algorithm. Because the number of particles is much smaller than the number of PE’s, optimal partitioning of the processing element array is an essential and non-trivial task.
Crystal Polymorphism in Oxalyl Dihydrazide: Is Empirical DFT-D Accurate Enough?

Crystalline oxalyl dihydrazide has five experimentally known polymorphs whose energetics are governed by subtle balances between intra- and intermolecular interactions, providing a severe challenge for theoretical crystal structure modeling. Previous work has shown that many common density functional methods that neglect van der Waals dispersion cannot correctly describe this system, but it has been argued that empirically dispersion-corrected DFT-D performs much better. Here, we examine these crystals with second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and related levels of theory using the fragment-based hybrid many-body interaction method. The energetics prove sensitive to the treatment of electron-electron correlation, the basis set, many-body induction, three-body dispersion, and zero-point contributions. Nevertheless, our best predictions for the polymorph energy ordering based on dispersion-corrected MP2C calculations agree with the available experimental data. In contrast, lower levels of theory, including the common B3LYP-D* and D-PW91 dispersion-corrected density functional approximations, fail to reproduce experimental observations and/or the high-level calculations.
S. MacPherson (2011). Education and Sustainability Learning Across the Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Divide. New York, NY: Routledge, 292 pp. (hardcover).

Seonaigh MacPherson's book Education and Sustainability: Learning Across the Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Divide addresses the decline of diversity and the mass extinction of life forms on th...
Growth Responses of Larvae of the Rice Weevil, Maize Weevil, and Granary Weevil on a Meridic Diet

Growth and development of larvae of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and the maize weevil, S. zeamais Motschulsky, reared on a meridic diet at 32°C and 65% RH, were compared. Although the mean larval weight of S. zeamais after 11 days on the diet was 4.36±1.07 mg compared with 3.01±0.59 mg for S. oryzae , the developmental times of the different life stages were nearly identical for both species. Adult emergence (eclosion) for both species began after 17 days and was complete after 23 days, with 93.5% of the S. oryzae larvae and 80% of the S. zeamais larvae emerging as adults. The larval growth rates of S. oryzae and the granary weevil, S. granaries (L.), also were directly compared. Not only were the rice weevil larvae more uniform in their developmental times, but the larvae reached maturity and pupated an average of 8.5 days earlier than did the larvae of S. granaries . The utility of using these rearing procedures to assess the effects of varietal nutritional differences among cereals upon larval development and survival is discussed.
EFFECT OF NICOTINE ON SERUM POTASSIUM AND BLOOD GLUCOSE

It was demonstrated that intravenous administration of nicotine caused a transient increase in plasma potassium level which had a peak at 60 to 90 seconds and returned to the control level in 5 to 8 minutes in nembutal anesthetized dogs. The changes in serum potassium and blood glucose were proportional to the dose of nicotine. The hyperkalemia and hyperglycemia induced by 100 μg/kg of nicotine were almost completely inhibited by 3 mg/kg of hexamethonium. The pretreatment with atropine (2 mg/kg) slightly inhibited the hyperkalemic response but not the hyperglycemic response to nicotine. In adrenalectomizd dogs, the nicotine hyperkalemia was markedly less than in the normal, and disappeared with 2 mg/kg of atropine. The hyperkalemic response to 100 μg/kg of nicotine was a little greater than that of 2.5 μg/kg of adrenaline. Atropine abolished this difference of responses between to nicotine and to adrenaline. These results indicate that nicotine hyperkalemia is mainly mediated through a release of adrenaline from the adrenal gland and partially through the contraction of smooth muscle.
Analysis of the antibody level for the hepatitis B surface antigen of the healthy population in Hebei province from 2008 to 2010

Objective: In order to know the antibody level for the hepatitis B surface antigen of the healthy population in Hebei province,to evaluate the vaccination effect and the crowd immune status,to provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategy.Methods: Healthy people were selected with stratified random sampling method.The antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results: 1602 sera samples were detected from 2008 to 2010 in total,and the average positive rate of the antibody was 54.74%.Conclusion: There were lower antibody level for the hepatitis B surface antigen,which indicated that we need to strengthen and enhance the work of the Hepatitis B supplementary vaccination.
Discussion on the Way of Improving for Personal Credit System in China

It is late to construct personal credit system in China,There are lots of questions to settle up when the system has never per-ferted.Learned from the successful experiences and the real state of China,the special personal credit system is need to establish in such subject,building and perfecting the legal system of personal credit as soon as possible,cultivating the personal recruiting of managment,propagating the culture of credit,breeding the major mechanism of credit appraisal,and searching for the perfect sys-tem of personal credit actively at the state of China.
Stay, stray or something in-between? A comment on Wlodarski et al.

It is unclear how mating strategies are distributed in humans; do they vary along a continuum from promiscuous (multiple short-term relationships) to monogamous (long-term pair-bonded relationship) or do these represent alternate phenotypes? If the latter, how are these phenotypes distributed?
Aromatic block co-polyimide membranes for sour gas feed separations

Abstract Permeation properties of pure and gas mixture consisting of CO 2 , H 2 S, CH 4 , N 2 and C 2 H 6 through dense films of the block co-polyimides (6FDA-mPDA)-(6FDA-durene) are studied at 35–55 °C and pressures of 100–500 psi for combined separation of CO 2 , H 2 S and N 2 from acid gas streams. The H 2 S composition in the gas mixture is up to 20 vol%. This rigid block copolymer exhibits relatively constant or slightly decrease in pure gas permeability with increasing feed pressure for most of the penetrants. The pure gas CO 2 /CH 4 and N 2 /CH 4 selectivities are up to 61 and 2.6 respectively. The mixed gas studies also show relatively constant or slightly decrease in permeability coefficients with increase in pressure for most of the penetrants. One significant fact is that, at feed pressure of 500 psi and 20 vol% H 2 S in feed gas mixture (consisting of CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 and H 2 S), H 2 S/CH 4 and CO 2 /CH 4 separation factors are 23 and 27 respectively. These values are within the same order of magnitude or even better than those obtained in other state-of-the-art polymeric membranes that have been reported. Another unique feature of this co-polyimide is that, in addition to being selective to acid gas, it is also more selective to N 2 as compare to CH 4. Moreover, the CO 2 /CH 4 separation factor does not suffer significant loss to the same degree as in the case of cellulose acetate (CA), even under these much more aggressive environments. This stability at moderate pressures and high H 2 S concentration is quite remarkable, as most reported studies are focused on low H 2 S concentrations and low pressures.
Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy: Postmodernism, Apocalypse, and Rapture

Who sees in Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy is fairly clear; who tells is trickier. In a subtle move at the end of the novel MaddAddam , Atwood gives the entire narration to the Crakers—either through compilation or through narration itself. Mirroring the palindrome that is its title, Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy subtly plays a trick on its readers: its ending is its beginning, making Oryx and Crake aesthetically the later text (written at a later time). The ending of MaddAddam then sends us back to Oryx and Crake not only for its narrative complexities, but for the seeds of our apocalypse. Although the roads to apocalypse are many, the driving force behind the many worthy apocalyptic causes in this trilogy is the once-subversive postmodernism, now co-opted by corporate ends. Contrary to the plethora of reassurances that “it will be fine tomorrow,” the trilogy leaves little hope within the parameters of its narrative. As dramatized in Atwood’s Payback , any hope is left to the reader who must then piece through the fragments and ruins in order to stave off an apocalypse not quite yet come. Indeed, this trilogy could easily be seen as The Waste Land of the 21st century.
Policing and Prejudice after 1945

As a child living in the early 1960s West Germany, Christian M. remembered hearing his stepfather say to a group of friends around the kitchen table, ‘Under Adolf, the warme Bruder were sent to the work camps. And if that wasn’t enough, then they were thrown into the gas chamber, and the problem was solved.’ Given this attitude, it is not surprising that Christian was terrified to tell his stepfather about his attraction to men. In fact, he believed that if his stepfather had ever learned of his homosexuality, he ‘would have beaten me to death. Without doubt.’
Electron-Hole Droplets in Germanium and Silicon

The electron hole plasma is a stable steady-state in germanium and silicon. Its thermodynamical properties such as energy, density and phase diagram are studied experimentally and theoretically.
Rapid and Semi-automated Extraction of Neuronal Cell Bodies and Nuclei from Electron Microscopy Image Stacks

Connectomics-the study of how neurons wire together in the brain-is at the forefront of modern neuroscience research. However, many connectomics studies are limited by the time and precision needed to correctly segment large volumes of electron microscopy (EM) image data. We present here a semi-automated segmentation pipeline using freely available software that can significantly decrease segmentation time for extracting both nuclei and cell bodies from EM image volumes.
Putting Councils and Industrial Policy into Context: Political Systems and Big Business

Even if governments design optimal venues and councils for interacting with business, and find, on the side of business, well-functioning business associations and supportive informal networks, the potential for business-government collaboration still depends on the larger political economic context in two fundamental ways. First, business and government do not meet in a vacuum, and businesses are simultaneously investing in many other avenues for influencing politics and government policy (Eslava, Melendez, et al. 2012; Schneider 2010a). If the outcome of council deliberations and the resulting industrial policies do not suit powerful businesses, then they can use alternative channels to lobby to get them changed.
Discovering Levinas: Philosophy, Totality, and the Everyday

PHILOSOPHY AND THE EVERYDAY Most often, when Levinas turns to the encounter with the face of the other in order to shed light on its objective or subjective side, he does so within the context of everyday life and ordinary experience. His accounts are abstract and metaphorical, but they arise out of everyday experiences of misery and suffering, of the orphan, the stranger, the poor, and the widow. Their biblical overtones notwithstanding, such figures are ones whom we meet in ordinary life. As we have pointed out, it is as if he is locating a dimension of experience largely hidden from view, obscured by our habits and ways of conducting affairs or distorted by culturally and historically grounded attitudes, as a reminder of the fundamental meaning of our humanity. The face is both in our lives and somehow not in them; it confronts us in ordinary life and yet also from outside it. The face is not a phenomenon, but rather, as Levinas comes to put it, an enigma , or riddle, a challenge to what is customary and accepted, and yet also in some ways a foundation. Philosophy reaches out and locates the face-to-face and describes and clarifies it, and hence philosophy arises at least in part for moral reasons, because clarification and articulation are needed. But philosophy is located in the everyday and always returns to it. One wonders, however, if and in what sense it really leaves it.
Single-neuron responses to intraoral delivery of odor solutions in primary olfactory and gustatory cortex.

Food perception is inherently multisensory, taking into account taste, smell, and texture qualities. However, the neural mechanisms underlying flavor perception remain unknown. Recording neural act...
Place-based scholarships: Catalysts for systems reform to improve postsecondary attainment

Concerns about the rate of postsecondary attainment in the US compared to the projected education requirements of future jobs has prompted a range of policy and practice interventions aimed at barriers to postsecondary access and success. As both a largely local phenomenon and a complex systems issue, improving postsecondary attainment for all students has proved to be a daunting challenge. Financial interventions have been a key focus of reform. One of these, place-based scholarships, attends both to the primarily local nature of college going and to the complex set of challenges that cross educational and workforce sectors. In this paper, we describe place-based scholarship programs that are currently catalyzing within-sector reforms and cross-sector coherence building. We discuss policy implications associated with the long-term sustainability of place-based scholarships as a strategy for improving college access and success.
Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of TERT Are Associated with Inferior Outcome in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Melanoma.

Progression of melanoma to distant sites in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is not reliably predicted by clinicopathologic criteria. TERT promoter mutations when combined with BRAF/NRAS mutations correlate with adverse outcome in adult melanoma. To determine the prognostic value of TERT alterations in AYA melanoma, we investigated the association of TERT promoter mutations, as well as promoter methylation, an epigenetic alteration also linked to TERT upregulation, with TERT mRNA expression and outcome using a well-characterized cohort of 27 patients with melanoma (ages 8–25, mean 20). TERT mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in tumors harboring TERT promoter mutation and/or hypermethylation than those without either aberration (P = 0.046). TERT promoter mutations alone did not predict adverse outcomes (P = 0.50), but the presence of TERT promoter methylation, alone or concurrent with promoter mutations, correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival (P = 0.001). These data suggest that genetic and epigenetic alterations of TERT are associated with TERT upregulation and may predict clinical outcomes in AYA melanoma. A more exhaustive understanding of the different molecular mechanisms leading to increased TERT expression may guide development of prognostic assays to stratify AYA melanoma patients according to clinical risk.
Treatment of Accessory Vein with Embolization Coil

Although not a common occurrence, the presence of an accessory vein can adversly affect the maturation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). This chapter discusses such a case and its treatement using an embolization coil.
Altered circadian feeding behavior and improvement of metabolic syndrome in obese Tac1 deficient mice

Altered circadian feeding behavior and improvement of metabolic syndrome in obese Tac1- deficient mice
A new magnetorheological fluid-elastomer vibration isolator

In this work the performance of a new design concept utilizing a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-elastomer (MRF-E) is examined. A prototype MRF-E vibration isolator is built and its dynamic behavior is investigated under harmonic motions for a range of frequencies between 0.1Hz to 10.0Hz, under various applied magnetic fields. The experimental results exhibit the effects on the stiffness and the damping capability of the MRF-E vibration isolator is a function of the displacement and magnetic field strength; and weakly dependent on the frequency of motion. It is demonstrates that the new vibration isolator, whose mechanical properties can be controlled by an applied magnetic field, has potential in applications where tuning vibration characteristics are desired.
Gender differences at baseline in autoantibody levels but no gender differences in vaccine-induced responses and no changes in autoantibody levels following influenza vaccine (HUM6P.246)

Background. Gender bias presents in most autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) disease. In the current study, we investigate the mechanisms of gender bias in autoreactive antibody (Ab) production in healthy controls after influenza (flu) vaccination. Method. Plasma levels of anti-nuclear Ab (ANA), anti-dsDNA autoAb, and anti-CD4 autoAb in a cohort of 5 healthy men and 11 healthy women received vaccines at 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 seasons. Blood draws were taken at 0, 7, and 14 days after the latest vaccination. Vaccine responses were defined by neutralization activities in plasma. Flu-specific Ab avidity was tested by ELISA. The levels of autoAbs were analyzed in plasma by ELISA. Results: Women have higher levels of all 3 autoAbs than men at D0, but not the flu-specific neutralizing activities or flu-specific Ab avidities. The median plasma levels of anti-ANA Ab (OD) at D0 were 0.2281 (IQR, 0.2058 - 0.2338) and 0.3697 (IQR, 0.2918 - 0.4261); the median plasma levels of anti-CD4 Ab (OD) were 0.1678 (IQR, 0.1589 - 0.1932) and 0.2148 (IQR, 0.1986 - 0.2696); and the median plasma levels of anti-dsDNA Ab (IU/mL) were 122.3 (IQR, 91.86 - 175.8) and 197.3 (IQR, 131.2 - 389.8), for men and women respectively (P
Iceberg Water: An Assessment (Invited paper)

This review of the idea of using icebergs as a source of fresh water starts with a historical survey covering the period up to April 1980 and stresses how the approach to the subject has changed with time. Both the progress that has been made and the problems that have either just surfaced or never been adequately addressed are discussed. It is concluded that successful tows to Australia, clearly the most easily-reached potential delivery site, are a possibility if icebergs can be demonstrated to retain their structural integrity during tows in high seas and if favorable schemes can be developed for docking and processing. Tows to sites in the northern hemisphere such as Saudi Arabia and California are significantly more difficult and will remain so until an effective and operationally-realistic method is developed for isolating the iceberg from the warm sea-water that will be encountered during part of the tow. Whatever the ultimate resolution of the iceberg-water proposal may prove to be, research stimulated by this idea has already resulted in a major improvement in our knowledge of the life and times of real icebergs in real oceans.
Effect of mirex on induced ovulation in immature rats (38550).

The chlorinated insecticide Mirex (dodecachlooctahdro-134metheno- 2H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalene) which is being used to control the fire ant in the southeastern U.S. was studied to determine the effect of Mirex on pregnant mare serum (PMS) induced ovulation in immature Long Evan rats and to provide evidence regarding the site of action. 45 IU PMS was given by injection in saline solution to immature female rats on Day 28 of age. Mirex was suspended in a carboxy methylcellulose vehicle and injected sc in doses of .2-50 mg. Animals were killed 72 hours after PM S injections. Oviducts were removed and ova recorded. The effect on ovulation was greater as the dose was increased to 25 and 50 mg (p less than .01). The 40-80% inhibition of PMS-induced ovulation by the injection of Mirex is thought to have resulted from the action of the compound on neural mechanisms controlling luteinizing hormone (LH) release. In a 2nd experiment human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was given after injections of 6 25 and 50 mg of Mirex. The HCG was suspended in saline 25 IU in .1 ml and given 60 hours after PMS injections. The HCG overcame the inhibitory effect of Mirex suggesting that the ovary is not the primary site of action of Mirex. In a 3rd experiment the Mirex was given at varying periods before and after the PMS-induced LH release. When Mirex was injected from 0 to 58 hours after PMS a significant inhibition of ovulation resulted. When Mirex was injected at 63 hours after PMS ovulation was unchanged.
Examining transition metal hydrosulfides: The pure rotational spectrum of ZnSH (X̃2A').

The pure rotational spectrum of the ZnSH (X2A′) radical has been measured using millimeter-wave direct absorption and Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) methods across the frequency range 18–468 GHz. This work is the first gas-phase detection of ZnSH by any spectroscopic technique. Spectra of the 66ZnSH, 68ZnSH, and 64ZnSD isotopologues were also recorded. In the mm-wave study, ZnSH was synthesized in a DC discharge by the reaction of zinc vapor, generated by a Broida-type oven, with H2S; for FTMW measurements, the radical was made in a supersonic jet expansion by the same reactants but utilizing a discharge-assisted laser ablation source. Between 7 and 9 rotational transitions were recorded for each isotopologue. Asymmetry components with Ka = 0 through 6 were typically measured in the mm-wave region, each split into spin-rotation doublets. In the FTMW spectra, hyperfine interactions were also resolved, arising from the hydrogen or deuterium nuclear spins of I = 1/2 or I = 1, respectively. The data were...
Car access and long-term poverty exposure: evidence from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment

Abstract The U.S. Housing and Urban Development Department designed the landmark Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Experiment for Fair Housing Voucher Program to help low-income households move out of and stay out of concentrated poverty. The program was designed based on the assumption that households benefit from living in higher-opportunity neighborhoods. Early evaluations of the MTO program, however, showed minimal gains for participant families. One explanation for these findings is the short length of time which MTO families typically spent in lower-poverty neighborhoods; the positive effects of longer-term exposure to low-poverty neighborhoods appear more promising. In this study we examine the role of automobiles in increasing the length of time that MTO households remain in lower-poverty neighborhoods over a much longer period than previous studies, 1994–2010. A growing body of research suggests that automobiles provide households with better access to opportunities than other modes of travel, particularly in neighborhoods with lower poverty rates in more dispersed urban environments. We find that automobile access reduces households' neighborhood poverty exposure by between 3% and 4%, and automobile access trails only successful lease-up among policy-relevant factors in reducing exposure. Therefore, to maximize the effects of housing mobility programs, we suggest that voucher receipt ought to be paired with policies to increase participants' access to automobiles.
Some Implications of a Short Coherence Length in High-Temperature Superconductors

The copper oxide based layered superconductors have both anisotropic and short coherence lengths. These have broad implications in determining a variety of physical properties such as critical currents or in the construction of devices such as Josephson junctions. In this talk a brief review of the role of short and anisotropic coherence lengths is presented with particular emphasis on their influence on the properties of grain boundaries.
Escapes from Prison

One of the most important functions of prison is to keep potentially dangerous criminals out of society. However, on rare occasion some inmates do manage to escape from prion. This entry describes the definitions of several different types of escape incidents and discusses the potential explanations for who is likely to escape from prison, why these inmates escape, and which facilities are more susceptible to escape. The essay further examines some of the methods inmates use to facilitate their escape, theoretical explanations of escape incidents, policy implications for preventing escapes, and directions of future research. Keywords: corrections; jail; prison
Abstract 16124: Aurora - A Noninvasive, Wrist-worn Device for Ambulatory Hemodynamic Monitoring

Introduction: Continuous, minimally invasive monitoring of arterial health has significant potential for both improving our understanding of early progression of arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis and enabling early treatment. Though devices exist that can report heart rate and heart rate variability in fully ambulatory settings, monitoring of pulse pressure wave morphology, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) - two emerging indicators of arterial stiffness - is still currently limited to benchtop systems requiring an expert operator or cuff-based systems that are not well tolerated. Objective: To develop and validate a device capable of continuous monitoring of hemodynamic and electrophysiological signals, including computation of derived vascular stiffness indicators (peripheral PWV and AIx) comparable to current standards. Methods: We developed a wrist-worn device for continuous radial pulse wave capture and analysis (e.g., peripheral AIx computation) and pulse wave velocity measurement (measured from EKG landmarks to the radial pulse arrival time). The core sensors on the device are (1) a pressure sensor that rests over the radial artery, (2) a pair of dry EKG electrodes in lead-I configuration, and (3) a six-axis motion sensor. It includes a Bluetooth radio for data streaming, and sufficient on-board storage for 2 weeks of ambulatory studies. To validate the device against the current gold standard for radial tonometry, we recorded multiple 60-second sessions of tonometric data using both our device (2 sessions) and the standard Millar SPT-301 tonometer (3 sessions) in 28 subjects. We then compared AIx computed from these two devices. Results: Using our wrist-worn device we calculated AIx values that were highly consistent with those of the Millar tonometer (r = 0.927, mean difference ± SD of 0.026 ± 0.049). Conclusions: This platform enables continuous non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring. We intend to utilize it in future studies about how peripheral AIx and PWV behave over longer time periods, how they correlate to daily activities, including sleep, exercise, and food/medication intake, and - most importantly - whether they can serve as new, ambulatory indicators of cardiovascular risk.
A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.

The adaptive immune system arose 500 million years ago in ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrates. Classically, the adaptive immune system has been defined by the presence of lymphocytes expressing recombination-activating gene (RAG)-dependent antigen receptors and the MHC. These features are found in all jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous and bony fish, amphibians and reptiles and are most likely also found in the oldest class of jawed vertebrates, the extinct placoderms. However, with the discovery of an adaptive immune system in jawless fish based on an entirely different set of antigen receptors — the variable lymphocyte receptors — the divergence of T and B cells, and perhaps innate-like lymphocytes, goes back to the origin of all vertebrates. This Review explores how recent developments in comparative immunology have furthered our understanding of the origins and function of the adaptive immune system.
Next-Gen Therapeutics for Skin Cancer: Nutraceuticals

ABSTRACTGrowing modernization and lifestyle changes with limited physical activity have impacted diet and health, leading to an increased cancer mortality rate worldwide. As a result, there is a greater need than before to develop safe and novel anticancer drugs. Current treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, induce unintended side effects, compromising patient's quality of life, and physical well-being. Therefore, there has been an increased global interest in the use of dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for treatment of cancer. Recently, nutraceuticals or “natural” substances isolated from food have attracted considerable attention in the cancer field. Emerging research suggests that nutraceuticals may indeed prevent and protect against cancer. The intent of this article is to review some of the current spice-derived nutraceuticals in the treatment of melanoma and skin cancer.
Divorce and Suicide: A Time Series Analysis, 1933–1970

The author examines the relationship between divorce and suicide using U.S. data for the period 1933-1970. The increase in the strength of the positive relationship between divorce and suicide in the period after World War II is contrasted with trends during the era of the Depression preceding World War II (ANNOTATION)
Staffing Strategies for Implementing Community-Based Instruction.

This article describes eight staffing strategies that can be used to implement community-based instruction. Examples of the use of the strategies, advantages and disadvantages which may accrue with implementation, and a decision-making process for selecting particular strategies are discussed. A number of recommendations for enhancing the implementation and coordination of school and community-based instruction are mentioned as well as the need to collect additional cost-benefit data on the strategies presented.