cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inflammation, Nutritional Status and Outcome after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (P5.122)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of metabolic and inflammatory factors on nutritional status and outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). BACKGROUND: Critical illness is associated with inflammation-mediated malnutrition that result in secondary insults and influence long term outcome; however, these interactions have not been previously described in SAH. DESIGN/METHODS: Prospective study of SAH patients admitted between May 2008 and June 2012. Measurements of C - reactive protein (CRP), transthyretin (TTR), resting energy expenditure (REE) and nitrogen balance (NBAL, g/day) performed over 4 preset time periods during the first 14 post bleed days (PBD) in addition to daily caloric intake measurements. Factors associated with REE and NBAL assessed by multivariable linear regression. Hospital acquired infections (HAI) defined using standard criteria and tracked daily in order to perform time to event analyses. Poor outcome at 3 months was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score >= 4 and assessed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 229 patients with an age of 55 +/- 15 years, 36%(n=65) men, body mass index (BMI) 28 +/- 6 kg/m 2 , Hunt Hess (HH) score 3 (2,4), modified Fisher (mF) score of 3 (2,4), and 156(68%) underwent clipping. NBAL was associated with lower caloric intake (P= 0.01), aneurysm clipping (P = 0.003), women (P= 0.001), BMI (P <0.001), and CRP:TTR ratio (P=0.03). REE was associated with younger age (P=0.02), men (P<0.001), HH (P=0.03), BMI (P=0.02), and mF (P=0.04). HAIs developed in 53 patients (23%) on mean PBD 8 +/- 3. Older age (P = 0.03), HH score (P < 0.001), lower caloric intake (P<0.001), lower NBAL (P = 0.004) and BMI (P = 0.04) predicted time to HAI. Poor outcome at 3 months was associated with older age (P = 0.001), HAI (P =0.04), CRP:TTR ratio (P=0.03), delayed cerebral ischemia (P =0.01) and HH (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the need to measure metabolic and nutritional parameters and develop interventions to mitigate the consequences of inflammation-mediated malnutrition after SAH. Disclosure: Dr. Badjatia has received research support from Medivance Inc. Dr. Monahan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carpenter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Friedman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zimmerman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schmidt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Claassen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has received personal compensation for activities with Otsuka. Dr. Connolly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mayer has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion, Baxter, Biogen Idec, Codman/Johnson & Johnson Company, CSL Behring, Cornerstone Therapeutics, CR Bard, Novartis, Orsan Technologies, Pfizer Inc, Sage Therapeutics, and Stryker. Dr. Mayer has received research support from Non-Invasive Medical Systems, Inc., and General Electric. Dr. Karmally has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seres has nothing to disclose.
Preliminary measurements of CO2 in melting snow

Measurements of CO{sub 2} near the snow-soil interface showed elevated concentrations up to 2120 ppmv. Concentrations greater than 1,700 ppmv were observed 0.45 m above the snow-soil interface. The increase in CO{sub 2} concentrations in the snow coincided with the beginning of melt. Measurements of the pH and alkalinity of the meltwater from the base of the snowpack were consistent with the measured CO{sub 2} levels. Decreases in pH at constant alkalinity of up to 0.8 units were associated with the excess CO{sub 2}. The origin of the excess CO{sub 2} is uncertain but may be related to litter decomposition. Elevated levels of CO{sub 2} near the snow-soil interface at the start of melt could have important effects on meltwater chemistry, especially since streams at this time flow under a covering of snow preventing equilibration with atmospheric CO{sub 2}.
American Cancer Society Colorectal Cancer Survivorship Care Guidelines

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women and second leading cause of cancer death when men and women are combined in the United States (US). Almost two-thirds of CRC survivors are living 5 years after diagnosis. Considering the recent decline in both incidence and mortality, the prevalence of CRC survivors is likely to increase dramatically over the coming decades with the increase in rates of CRC screening, further advances in early detection and treatment and the aging and growth of the US population. Survivors are at risk for a CRC recurrence, a new primary CRC, other cancers, as well as both short-term and long-term adverse effects of the CRC and the modalities used to treat it. CRC survivors may also have psychological, reproductive, genetic, social, and employment concerns after treatment. Communication and coordination of care between the treating oncologist and the primary care clinician is critical to effectively and efficiently manage the long-term care of CRC survivors. The guidelines in this article are intended to assist primary care clinicians in delivering risk-based health care for CRC survivors who have completed active therapy.
Electron microscopy of human olfactory epithelium reveals a new cell type: The microvillar cell

Abstract The olfactory epithelium of mammals is generally considered to consist of 3 cell types: basal cells, supporting (sustentacular) cells, and ciliated olfactory receptors. We have completed a detailed ultrastructural study of the fine structure of the human olfactory mucosa. In our electron microscopic observations of biopsies of human olfactory epithelium taken from normal, consenting volunteers under local anesthesia, we have consistently observed a fourth cell type, the microvillar cell, located near the epithelial surface. The apical end of these flask-shaped, electron-lucent cells gives rise to a tuft of microvilli that project into the mucus layer lining the nasal cavity. The cell body itself contains bundles of microfilaments, mitochondria, a well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a promiment Golgi complex, electron-dense vesicles that resemble lipofuscin granules, free ribosomes, and occasional cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A thin, axon-like cytoplasmic process extends from the basal pole of the cell and travels through the epithelium toward the lamina propria. Although there is no physiological evidence that bears upon the function of the microvillar cell, its ultrastructure suggests it may be a bipolar sensory neuron. Based upon morphological and phylogenetic considerations, the authors speculate the microvillar cell represents a second morphologically distinct class of chemoreceptor in the human olfactory mucosa.
Intelligence and U.S. foreign policy: How to measure success?

(1991). Intelligence and U.S. foreign policy: How to measure success? International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 49-62.
Survival in metastatic ocular melanoma.

Of 35 patients with metastatic ocular melanoma, 71.4% manifested liver involvement either initially (45.7%) or later in the course of the disease (25.7%). With liver involvement, the median survival was 2.2 months, whereas with pulmonary involvement it was 19.2 months after the first evidence of metastatic disease (P < 0.01). Survival after recurrence varied also with age, those younger than 50 years having median survival of 14 months, with those 50 years or older having median survival 3.5 months (P < 0.01). It also varied with the patient's sex, males having median survival 3 months after recurrence, and females 10.4 months (P < 0.05). Younger patients and females had also longer disease-free intervals prior to recurrence. Surgical removal of metastases, when feasible, in combination with chemotherapy, seems to offer improved palliation, since a subsequent median survival thus of 18.4 months was observed with 3/15 patients alive disease-free 1 to 3 years later, while the median survival of 20 patients not treated with surgery was 2.5 months. Most of this difference in survival, however, is due to a difference in tumor load between the two groups, with patients subjected to surgery having lesser amounts of tumor and/or more favorable sites. Cancer 52:334-336, 1983.
Restricted Full Three-Body Problem : Application to Binary System 1999 KW4

DOI: 10.2514/1.30937 The motion of a satellite in the gravitational field of a binary system is investigated. The two bodies of the binary systemaremodeledas asphere andatriaxialellipsoid andthesatelliteisassumed tohavenoinfluenceonthemotion of the two primaries. The case of relative equilibria in the full two-body problem is assumed. In earlier papers, we looked at equilibrium solutions in the restricted full three-body problem, especially for L4;5. In the present work, we investigate energy constraints on the motion of the spacecraft using zero-velocity curves, collinear Lagrangian points, and the Jacobi constant for varying parameters of the system. We study transit and nontransit trajectories between the components. The methods are applied in the study of the binary asteroid system 1999 KW4, and some results are shown.
Systematics of Rydberg structure in the spectra of the rare gas dimers between the atomic 2Po3/2 and 2Po1/2 fine‐structure thresholds

The relative photoionization cross sections for the rare gas dimers Ar2, Kr2, and Xe2 were measured in the energy region between the respective atomic 2P3/2o and 2P1/2o fine‐structure thresholds at wavelength resolutions of 0.15 A for Ar2, 0.28 A for Kr2, and 0.45 A for Xe2. Discrete autoionization structure was observed for all three systems and has been partially analyzed in terms of Rydberg series converging to the C 2Π1/2u state of the molecular ions. Vertical binding energies for the individual Rydberg states were estimated based on the assumption that the Rydberg states dissociate to a rare gas atom in an ns′[1/2]1o or nd′[3/2]1o excited state plus a rare gas atom in the 1S0 ground state. The binding energies thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the corresponding values for the C 2Π1/2u ionic states obtained from previously reported photoelectron spectra. Some of the molecular structure exhibits Beutler–Fano profiles similar to those observed in the nd′[3/2]1o atomic series. This is in cont...
The Nucleoporin CAN/Nup214 Binds to both the Cytoplasmic and the Nucleoplasmic Sides of the Nuclear Pore Complex in Overexpressing Cells

CAN/Nup214, an essential component of the vertebrate nuclear pore complex (NPC), is required for proper cell cycle progression and nucleocytoplasmic transport. It is a member of the FG-repeat-containing family of nucleoporins and has been localized to the cytoplasmic face of the NPC. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with specific antibodies have shown that moderate overexpression of human CAN in HeLa cells causes an increase in CAN/Nup214 levels at the nuclear envelope. Here, we demonstrate that in such HeLa cells, CAN/Nup214 does not localize exclusively to the cytoplasmic side of the NPC. Cryosections, stained with CAN-specific antibodies and examined by electron microscopy, showed that about one-third of the gold-labeled NPCs were decorated at the cytoplasmic face and the remaining two-thirds at the nucleoplasmic face. These data indicate that both the cytoplasmic fibrils and the nuclear basket of the vertebrate NPC contain specific binding sites for either CAN/Nup214 or for its interacting proteins, Nup88 and hCRM1. Thus, it is conceivable that CAN/Nup214 functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport at both faces of the NPC.
CFD by first order PDEs

This research originally was aimed at modeling all flows (except free-molecular) by systems of hyperbolic-relaxation equations (moments of the Boltzmann equation), and developing efficient numerical methods for these. Such systems have many potential numerical advantages, mainly because there are no second or higher derivatives to be approximated. This avoids accuracy problems on adaptive unstructured grids, and the source terms, though often stiff, are only local; the compact stencils facilitate code parallelization. A single code could simulate flows up to intermediate Knudsen numbers, and be hybridized with DSMC where needed. In this project, one major problem arose that we have not yet solved: the accurate representation of shock structures. This makes the methodology currently unsuited for, e.g., re-entry flows. We have validated it for subsonic and transonic flows and are concentrating on applications to MEMS-related flows. We discuss the challenges of our approach, present numerical algorithms and results based on the 10-moment model, and report progress in our latest research topic: formulating accurate solid-boundary conditions.
A prototype upper-atmospheric data assimilation scheme based on optimal interpolation: 1. Theory

Abstract Introduced almost 40 years ago, the method of optimal interpolation (OI) has been successfully used in various forms for data analysis in meteorology and oceanography. At the same time upper-atmospheric applications of OI and other techniques based on optimal estimation have remained relatively limited. The theory of OI and related methods is reviewed. Properties of optimal estimation relevant to typical problems of data analysis in the upper atmosphere are highlighted. As a specific example, a simple one-dimensional scheme of OI in time is considered. The scheme is devised to address an important problem of the upper-atmospheric data analysis: extraction of periodic (tidal) components from observations covering a fraction of a day. Possible generalizations of the scheme are also briefly discussed. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Nutritional Evaluation of Mixed Winter Cereals with Vetch Utilized as Silage or Hay

Abstract Cereal-vetch silage replaced chopped alfalfa in the forage portion of diets fed to lactating cows, resulting in diets containing 100, 66, and 34% of the forage as chopped hay. Winter cereal (oat, wheat, and barley) and vetch mixture was harvested when the oats were at the bloom stage, field wilted, and ensiled. Total DM intake of cows during the first 15 wk of lactation was reduced at the highest amount of cereal silage inclusion. Gut fill may have restricted DM intake since NDF intakes were similar across diets. Yields of milk and 4% FCM were not different with cereal-vetch silage addition to the diet. Milk composition of fat and solids were not altered by diet, but protein was lowest on the high silage diet. Cereal-vetch forage was harvested as hay at four stages of maturity based on maturity of oats: bloom, milk, soft dough, and hard dough. As forage matured, content of CP, ADF, and NDF and in vitro DM digestibility decreased and lignin content increased. Hays were pelleted and fed to 16 wethers in a total collection digestion study. Digestibilities of DM, energy, and fiber were similar for bloom and milk stages but decreased as maturity progressed to the hard dough stage.
Learning style preferences of public health students

Objectives The learning style preferences of public health students are investigated. Learning styles, as defined by Kolb,(3) refer to the four distinct manners of processing information.
First-trimester 3D power Doppler of the uteroplacental circulation space and fetal growth restriction

Objective The objective of the study was to compare the 3-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) of the uteroplacental circulation space in the first trimester between women who subsequently deliver growth-restricted vs normally grown neonates. Study Design This was a prospective observational study of singleton pregnancies at 11-14 weeks' gestation. The 3DPD indices, vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization flow index were determined on a uteroplacental circulation space sphere biopsy with the virtual organ computer-aided analysis program. Growth restriction was defined as a birthweight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age and was evaluated using both population-based and customized birth curves. Results Five hundred seventy-seven women were enrolled. Five hundred twenty-six were eligible for analysis using population centiles, and 497 were available for evaluation using customized centiles. There was no difference in the first-trimester 3DPD indices between patients with growth-restricted and normally grown neonates using either curve. Conclusion Three-dimensional power Doppler indices of the uteroplacental circulation space in the first trimester are similar between neonates who develop growth restriction and those who will grow normally.
Recent advances in relativistic A6 magnetron research - mode control

Summary form only given. In a companion abstract we presented recent improvements in the start-up and efficiency of the A6 magnetron with radial extraction and axial extraction (MDO) [1]. Here we describe recent advances in mode switching and mode control.
Frequency analysis of autonomously oscillating yeast cultures

Abstract Measurements of state variables from oscillating chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were analyzed by Fourier transformation. Of the signals tested, carbon dioxide and oxygen in the exit gas stream and dissolved oxygen in the medium, all gave identical results. Analysis of data from reactors operated at fixed conditions showed that after oscillations start, they pass through an extended transient lasting several days, before the oscillation period becomes constant. Under transient operating conditions, Fourier analysis revealed expected qualitative trends in the change of oscillation period with dilution rate.
Cobalt substituted RFe(Co)C alloys

Abstract The formation of tetragonal R 2 (FeCo) 14 C phase has been examined in as-cast and melt-spun R 14 Fe 78− x Co x C 8 alloys with cobalt substitutions (R = Y, Dy, Nd). The magnetic properties over a temperature range and the microstructure have been studied as a function of cobalt content. The Curie temperature is increased with Co content but the anisotropy K is decreased. High cobalt content leads to the formation of 1:5 phase. High corecivities have been developed in as-cast and melt-spun Dy 14 Fe 78− x Co x C 8 alloys with Co content at zero and 32 at %, respectively. As-cast Nd 16 Fe 78− x Co x C 8 alloys did not show any permanent magnetic properties although they had the 2:14:1 phase. However, melt-spun and powdered NdFeCoC samples showed a coercivity with the highest value corresponding to a melt-spun Nd 14 Fe 78 C 8 sample. Microstructure studies showed that the high H C in ribbons is due to the fine grain size which is in the range of 500–1000 A.
Indeterminate mediastinal invasion in bronchogenic carcinoma: CT evaluation

The computed tomographic (CT) scans of 80 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma classified as indeterminate for direct mediastinal invasion were retrospectively reviewed after the patients had undergone thoracotomy. Forty-eight (60%) of the masses were resectable, without invasion of the mediastinum, 18 (22%) focally invaded the mediastinum but were technically resectable, and 14 (18%) invaded the mediastinum and were not technically resectable. Although in most circumstances in this relatively small subset of patients CT was not helpful in differentiating masses with and without mediastinal invasion, CT was able to separate a large group of masses that were likely to be technically resectable. Thirty-six (97%) of 37 masses with one or more of these CT findings were considered technically resectable: contact of 3 cm or less with mediastinum, less than 90 degrees of contact with aorta, and mediastinal fat between mass and mediastinal structures. Of these 36 masses, 28 were resectable without mediastinal inv...
Plasmon polaritons in slot waveguides: Simple model calculations and a full nonlocal quantum mechanical treatment

We study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a slot waveguide made of a simple (Al) as well as a complex (Ag) metal for frequencies around and below the surface plasmon frequency. Simple model calculations are compared with the full, nonlocal, quantum mechanical treatment based on Feibelman's $d$-function formalism. We show that for frequencies sufficiently lower than the surface plasmon frequency, but still in the infrared or visible range, the waveguide supports a plasmon polariton mode that resembles, and indeed reduces to, the conventional TEM mode of the conventional slot transmission line, known in the radiotechnology. This opens up the possibility of employing ideas of the radiotechnology in the visible range.
A parametrized maximum principle preserving flux limiter for finite difference RK-WENO schemes with applications in incompressible flows

In Xu (2013) [14], a class of parametrized flux limiters is developed for high order finite difference/volume essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) and Weighted ENO (WENO) schemes coupled with total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta (RK) temporal integration for solving scalar hyperbolic conservation laws to achieve strict maximum principle preserving (MPP). In this paper, we continue along this line of research, but propose to apply the parametrized MPP flux limiter only to the final stage of any explicit RK method. Compared with the original work (Xu, 2013) [14], the proposed new approach has several advantages: First, the MPP property is preserved with high order accuracy without as much time step restriction; Second, the implementation of the parametrized flux limiters is significantly simplified. Analysis is performed to justify the maintenance of third order spatial/temporal accuracy when the MPP flux limiters are applied to third order finite difference schemes solving general nonlinear problems. We further apply the limiting procedure to the simulation of the incompressible flow: the numerical fluxes of a high order scheme are limited toward that of a first order MPP scheme which was discussed in Levy (2005) [3]. The MPP property is guaranteed, while designed high order of spatial and temporal accuracy for the incompressible flow computation is not affected via extensive numerical experiments. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are demonstrated via several test examples.
Evaluation of a Sheep Laparoscopic Uterine Trauma Model and Repeat Laparoscopy for Evaluation of Adhesion Formation and Prevention with Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose

Objective— To evaluate topical application of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) for prevention of postoperative adhesions in a laparoscopic model of uterine trauma in sheep. Study Design— Experimental study. Animals— Fourteen non-pregnant ewes. Methods— Ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: control (saline solution) or 1% SCMC treatment. By left flank laparoscopy, traumatic forceps were used to create serosal trauma (1.5 × 5 cm) and hemorrhage on the left uterine horn. Either 30 mL saline solution or 30 mL 1% SCMC was applied topically to the traumatized uterine horn. Adhesion formation was evaluated by repeat laparoscopy at days 14 and 21. Sheep were euthanatized on day 28 for necropsy evaluation of adhesions. Results— Five control sheep had adhesions of the uterine horn by day 14, but only 4 had adhesions at day 21, and 2 at day 28. Adhesions did not occur in SCMC-treated sheep. No adhesions occurred elsewhere in the abdomen. Conclusions— Laparoscopically created uterine trauma is an effective method for induction of uterine adhesions, and laparoscopy is an excellent method for serial evaluation of adhesion formation. SCMC (1%) was effective at preventing adhesion formation in sheep and no inflammatory response was noted. Clinical Relevance— SCMC (1%) should be considered for prevention of adhesions in abdominal surgery in sheep.
On the windy postman problem on Eulerian graphs

The Windy Postman Problem (WPP) is defined as follows: Given an undirected connected graphG = (V, E) and costscij andcji for each edgeij ∈E (wherecij is the cost of traversing edgeij fromi toj), find a windy postman tour of minimum cost. Here, by a windy postman tour, we mean a closed directed walk which is an orientation of a closed walk inG containing each edge ofE at least once.
Metastability of NbN in the Ordered Vacancy NbO Phase

A metastable phase of NbN with superconducting ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=16.4 K was reported recently by Treece and collaborators. The reported structure of the thin-film sample deviates from the rocksalt (B1) NbN structure with 25% ordered vacancies on each sublattice (space group Pm3m) and a lattice constant of 4.442 \AA{}. Using full-potential electronic-structure methods, we contrast the electronic structure with that of B1 NbN. The calculated energy, 1.00 eV/molecule higher than B1 NbN, and calculated lattice constant of 4.214 \AA{} indicate that the new phase must be something other than the ordered stoichiometric Pm3m phase.
Detection of intracardiac left-to-right shunting in adults: A prospective analysis of the variability of the standard indocyanine green technique in patients without shunting

Intracardiac left-to-right shunting may be detected and quantitated by an oximetric analysis of blood from the right-sided cardiac chambers and prominent early recirculation of indocyanine green after it is injected into the central venous circulation and sampled from a systemic artery. Although the variability of oximetric measurements has been established in patients without shunting and a range of normal has been determined for the technique, the variability of the indocyanine green method among persons without shunting has not been clarified; as a result, a range of normal for indocyanine green has not been established. In 66 adult patients in whom hydrogen inhalation (an extremely sensitive technique for detecting even very small intracardiac left-to-right shunts) revealed no shunting, indocyanine green curves were generated by injection into the pulmonary artery as blood was sampled from a systemic artery. In these patients the percentage left-to-right shunt (that is, the percentage of pulmonary blood flow reaching the lungs through an intracardiac shunt) (determined with the equation of Carter et al) ranged from -9% to +26% (+7 +/- 8%, mean +/- standard deviation). There was no definable relation between the percentage left-to-right shunt and the indicator dilution measurement of cardiac output. Thus, these data establish a range of normal for the indocyanine green technique of detecting and measuring intracardiac left-to-right shunting. If this technique is to be used reliably to detect shunting, its results must demonstrate a percentage shunt in excess of +26%.
Brown, Steven, & Jenifer Larson–Hall. (Eds.). Second Language Acquisition Myths: Applying Second language Research to Classroom Teaching. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2012. Pp. viii, 199. $23.00, paper. ISBN 978–0–472–03–498–7.

A review of the book "Second Language Acquisition Myths: Applying Second Language Research to Classroom Teaching," edited by Steven Brown and Jenifer Larson-Hall, is presented.
Heidegger's Gesamtausgabe and its English translations

GA 1: 1–15, ‘‘Das Realitatsproblem in der modernen Philosophie (1912)’’ = ‘‘The Problem of Reality in Modern Philosophy,’’ trans. Philip J. Bossert, revised Aaron Bunch, Becoming Heidegger: On the Trail of His Early Occasional Writings, 1910–1927, ed. Theodore Kisiel and Thomas Sheehan, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2007, 20–9. [Earlier, ‘‘The Problem of Reality in Modern Philosophy (1912),’’ trans. Philip J. Bossert and John van Buren, Supplements: From the Earliest Essays to Being and Time and Beyond, ed. John van Buren, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002, 39–48.] GA 1: 17–43, ‘‘Neuere Forschungen uber Logik (1912)’’ = ‘‘Recent Research in Logic,’’ trans. in part Theodore Kisiel, Becoming Heidegger, 31–44. (See above.) GA 1: 55.23–57.14 [‘‘Antrittsrede, Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften’’ (1957)]’’ = ‘‘A Recollective ‘Vita,’ (1957),’’ trans. Hans Seigfried, in Becoming Heidegger, 9–10. (See above.)
Natural history of colorectal cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndromes I and II)

Approximately 5 to 6 percent of the total colorectal cancer burden is accounted for by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Because clinical premonitory signs such as those seen in familial polyposis coli (FPC) are lacking, the clinician must recognize clinical findings and family history typical of HNPCC. The authors have described colorectal cancer expression from a survey of ten HNPCC kindreds. Kindred members with colorectal cancer differed significantly (P<.05) from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer: 1) mean age of initial colon cancer diagnosis was 44.6 years; 2) 72.3 percent of first colon cancers were located in the right colon, and only 25 percent were in the sigmoid colon and rectum; 3) 18.1 percent had synchronous colon cancers; and 4) 24.2 percent developed metachronous colon cancer, with a risk for metachronous lesions in ten years of 40 percent. Affecteds and their first-degree relatives should undergo early intensive education and surveillance. In families with an early age of onset, colonoscopy should begin at age 25, and biannually thereafter, with fecal occult blood testing of the stool semiannually. Third-party carriers must become more responsive to the costly surveillance measures required for these otherwise healthy patients.
Hepatic artery chemoembolization or embolization for primary and metastatic liver tumors: Post-treatment management and complications

This paper describes complications and patient management issues associated with hepatic arterial chemoembolization (HACE) and embolization (HAE) used to treat liver malignancies and characterizes patient survival based on histologic tumor type. We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated with HACE or HAE between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1990. During the study period, 314 HACEs and HAEs were performed in 121 patients. Ninety-six of the patients (79%) were treated for neoplasms metastatic to the liver. The morbidity rate following HACE and HAE in this study was 5.1%. The major complications included portal vein thrombosis, hepatic abscess, and liver failure. The treatment-related mortality rate was 4.1%. Fever and ileus were the most common management problems following HACE or HAE. Median survival for patients with liver metastases varied according to histologic type, and median survival for patients with hepatocellular cancer was 306 days. Morbidity and mortality from HACE and HAE to treat liver tumors can be minimized by proper selection and careful management of patients. HACE or HAE alone was not curative in any of these 121 patients. An understanding of treatment-related side effects is necessary to aid in the management of patients following HACE or HAE.
Design formulae for multi-lattice crystal filters

A design procedure is given for tandem lattice all-pole filters with a single crystal in each lattiee arm: the maximum bandwidth for quartz is approximately 0·3% of the centre frequency. Formulae are presented in terms of the unrestricted element values of a low-pass ladder network.
Ethanol Suppresses Mycobacteria tuberculosis‐Induced mRNA for Nitric Oxide Synthase in Alveolar Macrophages, In Vivo

Acute ingestion of alcohol [ethanol (ETOH)] adversely affects the immunocompetence of both naive individuals as well as chronic alcohol abusers. An increased incidence and severity of tuberculosis is found in chronic alcohol abusers. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by alveolar macrophages (AMs) may play a role in the in vitro killing of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is believed to be a primary cytokine mediator of NO production by AMs. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that ETOH suppressed endotoxin-induced increases in both TNF-alpha and NO in AMs, in vivo. We tested the postulate that acute ingestion of ETOH can interfere with mycobacteria-induced upregulation of the NO system in AMs, in vivo. We show that heat-killed M. avium complex (MAC) and human virulent MTB instilled into rat lungs rapidly increased mRNA for inducible NO synthase II (iNOS) of AMs in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL fluid). This was associated with production of reactive nitrogen intermediates [(RNIs); NO2- and NO3-] in BAL fluid, lung homogenate, and AMs in the absence of a significant increase in BAL fluid TNF-alpha. A single dose of ETOH (5.5 g/kg, ip) administered 30 min before intratracheal administration of MAC or MTB attenuated both MAC and MTB-induced increases in RNI in BAL fluid, lung, and AMs, and the increase in mRNA for iNOS. Thus, mycobacteria upregulate iNOS mRNA and enhance RNI production by AMs without any increase in the production of TNF-alpha. Moreover, ETOH attenuates mycobacteria-induced upregulation of mRNA for iNOS and RNI production in the absence of ETOH-mediated suppression of TNF. Speculatively, ETOH-mediated inhibition of the AM NO system may offer an explanation for the increased severity of mycobacterial infections in alcoholics.
SPECTRAL SPLITTING DUE TO A CIRCULARLY POLARISED PUMP LASER: LASER ZEEMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Theoretical prediction is made for various types of molecular Zeeman spectroscopy due to a circularly polarised pump laser, in which optical rectification produces a pattern of spectral splitting mediated by the imaginary antisymmetric part of the frequency-dependent molecular polarisability. The hyperfine part of this splitting, in which the nuclear spin quantum number plays a role, leads to the expectation of laser-induced resonance effects akin to conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR). Experimental conditions for the observation of "laser Zeeman" spectral effects are defined using double resonance and saturation in mode-locked lasers for ultra high resolution.
A model of carbon dioxide assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardii.

A simple model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in Chlamydomonas has been developed in order to evaluate whether a CO2-concentrating system could explain the photosynthetic characteristics of this alga (high apparent affinity for CO2, low photorespiration, little O2 inhibition of photosynthesis, and low CO2 compensation concentration). Similarly, the model was developed to evaluate whether the proposed defects in the CO2-concentrating system of two Chlamydomonas mutants were consistent with their observed photosynthetic characteristics. The model treats a Chlamydomonas cell as a single compartment with two carbon inputs: passive diffusion of CO2, and active transport of HCO 3 - . Internal inorganic carbon was considered to have two potential fates: assimilation to fixed carbon via ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase or exiting the cell by either passive CO2 diffusion or reversal of HCO 3 - transport. Published values for kinetic parameters were used where possible. The model accurately reproduced the CO2-response curves of photosynthesis for wild-type Chlamydomonas, the two mutants defective in the CO2-concentrating system, and a double mutant constructed by crossing these two mutants. The model also predicts steady-state internal inorganic-carbon concentrations in reasonable agreement with measured values in all four cases. Carbon dioxide compensation concentrations for wild-type Chlamydomonas were accurately predicted by the model and those predicted for the mutants were in qualitative agreement with measured values. The model also allowed calculation of approximate energy costs of the CO2-concentrating system. These calculations indicate that the system may be no more energy-costly than C4 photosynthesis.
Watershed Hydrology, 2nd Edition

Watershed Hydrology, 2nd edition is based on a fundamental precept: “What occurs in the stream cannot be considered independently of what occurs on the watershed.” This book is definitely of an introductory nature. It does an excellent job in explaining the “why” of watershed hydrology, but it is not the place to look for “how” to apply hydrologic theory for the purpose of watershed management. It is in this aspect that this book departs most radically from the many books about engineering hydrology that are on the market.
Whirling of a heavy string under constant axial tension: A non-linear eigenvalue problem

Abstract According to linear theory, a heavy string under a constant axial tension can whirl only at certain eigenvalues of rotation w n , which form a discrete spectrum. It is shown that according to non-linear theory, a string can whirl at any angular velocity w > w 1 , and that for each w in the range w n w w n + 1 , th n distinct modes of whirling. It is further shown that in free whirling, each of these modes is orbitally stable.
Upregulation of endogenous glutathione system by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione in pancreatic RINm5F beta-cells as a novel strategy for protecting against oxidative beta-cell injury

This study was undertaken to investigate the inducibility of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) in beta-cells, and the resultant cytoprotection against oxidant injury. Incubation of the insulin-secreting RINm5F cells with D3T led to significant induction of GSH, GR and GPx. D3T-mediated induction of GSH was abolished by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), suggesting a critical involvement of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL). Consistently, incubation of RINm5F cells with D3T resulted in increased expression of γGCL protein and mRNA. Pretreatment of RINm5F cells with D3T provided remarkable protection against oxidant-elicited cytotoxicity. On the other hand, depletion of cellular GSH by BSO sensitized RINm5F cells to oxidant injury. Furthermore, cotreatment of RINm5F cells with BSO to reverse D3T-mediated GSH induction abolished the cytoprotective effects of D3T on oxidant injury. Taken together, this study demonstrates that upregulatio...
Natriuretic and sodium transport inhibitory activity in plasma of volume-expanded dogs.

Natriuretic and sodium transport inhibitory activity in plasma of volume-expanded dogs. Ultrafiltrates of jugular vein plasma from dogs acutely expanded with saline caused a 25 ± 3.1% (mean ± sem) inhibition of toad bladder short circuit current (SCC). Similar ultrafiltrates obtained from dogs acutely volume-depleted following furosemide administration caused a change of 3 ± 1.7% in SCC (P in vitro and causes natriuresis in vivo . This factor could modulate renal sodium excretion under some physiologic conditions. Activite natriuretique et inhibitrice du transport de sodium dans le plasma de chiens ayant subi une expansion de liquides extracellulaires. Des ultrafiltrats de plasma de sang jugulaire de chiens ayant subi une expansion aigue avec du salin physiologique determinant une diminution du courant de court-circuit (SCC) de 25 ± 3,1% (m ± sem). Des ultrafiltrats semblables, mais obtenus a partir de chiens ayant subi une depletion par la furosemide ont determine une modification de 3 ± 1,7% de SCC (P in vitro et determine une natriurese in vivo . Ce facteur pourrait moduler l'excretion renale du sodium dans certaines circonstances physiologiques.
Quaternary flake tectonics of the California Transverse Ranges

P -residual studies suggest that the Pacific-American plate boundary in the upper mantle lies in the central Mojave Desert, northeast of its crustal position at the San Andreas fault. Focal mechanisms of some relatively deep microearthquakes suggest a flattening with depth of north-dipping thrust faults, resulting in a mid-crustal detachment in which the central Transverse Ranges move south relative to the mantle. This makes sense geologically if the central Transverse Ranges and western Mojave Desert are considered as tectonic flakes of brittle crystalline rocks underlain by ductile Pelona Schist or Catalina Schist, which makes up the zone of decollement. Such ductile schists would occur today at depths comparable to those at which they were metamorphosed. The detachment breaks through to the surface at the Point Dume–Malibu Coast fault zone and the Red Mountain–San Cayetano–Santa Susana–Sierra Madre–Cucamonga fault zone, the latter coinciding with the southern edge of the Palmdale bulge. The Transverse Ranges flake now moves west-northwest relative to the western Mojave flake, south-southwest relative to the Pacific plate, and northwest relative to the Great Valley–Sierra Nevada. The mantle boundary may rejoin the San Andreas fault north of a southwest-trending zone of high seismicity in the Tehachapi Mountains which may be produced by convergence. The age of the present tectonic system may be the same as the age of the break-through thrust faults; these are probably no older than 2 m.y. and may be even younger.
Structure and Folding Thermodynamics of MfpA, a Pentapeptide Repeat Protein From mycobacterium Tuberculosis

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein MfpA confers bacterial resistance to the antibiotic fluoroquinolone. MfpA is a dimer in solution and in the crystal. The C-terminal α helices of two monomers form the dimer interface. The shape and distribution of the negative charge on the surface of MfpA mimics those of DNA (1). We quantitatively explored the unfolding, refolding and aggregation of MfpA as a function of temperature, urea concentration and the anionic surfactant SDS by circular dichroism (CD) and intrinsic fluorescence. These analyses reveal a structural transition followed by aggregation of intermediate conformers; the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions occur almost simultaneously. Stacking of phenylalanine side chains stabilize the N-terminal portion of MfpA's pentapeptide thus expanding on the motif of DNA mimicry. The high Arrhenius activation energy of aggregate formation rationalizes the nature of the kinetic trap shown earlier (2) that facilitates aggregate formation. Although secondary structure contents can not be calculated accurately for α/β proteins from their CD spectra (3), the increased α-helical content and a long-wavelength shift of the fluorescence emission maximum show intramolecular secondary and tertiary structure changes along the structural transition of MfpA. Overall, the unfolding and refolding of MfpA in solution is described by the ‘double funnel’ energy landscape where the ‘native’ and ‘aggregation’ funnels are separated by the high kinetic energy barrier that is not overcome during in vitro refolding.[1] S. Hegde, M. Vetting, S. Roderick, L. Mitchenall, A. Maxwell, H. Takiff and J. Blanchard, Science 308, 1480-1483 (2005).[2] S. Khrapunov, H. Cheng, S. Hegde, J. Blanchard, and M. Brenowitz, J. Biol. Chem. 283, 36290-36299 (2008).[3] S. Khrapunov, Anal. Biochem. 389, 174-176 (2009)
Orthogonal wavelet frames and vector-valued wavelet transforms

Abstract Motivated by the notion of orthogonal frames, we describe sufficient conditions for the construction of orthogonal MRA wavelet frames in L 2 ( R ) from a suitable scaling function. These constructions naturally lead to filter banks in l 2 ( Z ) with similar orthogonality relations and, through these filter banks, the orthogonal wavelet frames give rise to a vector-valued discrete wavelet transform (VDWT). The novelty of these constructions lies in their potential for use with vector-valued data, where the VDWT seeks to exploit correlation between channels. Extensions to higher dimensions are natural and the constructions corresponding to the bidimensional case are presented along with preliminary results of numerical experiments in which the VDWT is applied to color image data.
Structure and expression of the Antigen 5-related gene of Drosophila melanogaster

The Agr gene of Drosophila melanogaster was localized to the X chromosome 12F region between the Netrin B and rutabaga genes. A P1 clone containing this area was identified, and restriction sites within this clone were mapped. The entire Agr gene and some flanking region were sequenced, and the transcription start site was determined. The gene was 938 bp in length and included a 108 bp intron, dividing the coding region into a 140 bp 5' exon and a 690 bp 3' exon. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) was 23 bp in length and the 3' UTR 36 bp. Gene expression was initiated during late embryogenesis and was also observed during the larval, prepupal, and adult stages. Expression was found only in the outer layer of the proventriculus, a structure located at the fore- and midgut junction. Deletion of the Agr gene had no effect on proventricular morphogenesis in embryos. The Agr expression pattern within the proventriculus suggests that it encodes a component of the peritrophic matrix, a tubular envelope produced by the proventriculus and which lines the midgut. Sequences similar to the Agr coding region were detected in other dipteran species. suggesting that the function of the Agr gene product is conserved.
Fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation: II. Methods for analysis and characterization

The effects of pH and of the metal chelator, europium (Tric[2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-3,5-heptanedionate]), upon fluorescence of lipid peroxidation products were tested, and fluorescence decay times and fluorescence polarization values were determined. Measurements of fluorescence intensity showed that the fluorescence of these compounds was quenched at basic pH and that it was restored by adjustment of pH to neutrality. Metal chelator decreased the fluorescence intensity 8–15%. pH Effects and metal coordination effects are useful for analysis and characterization of these fluorescent products. Fluorescence polarization and fluorescence decay times are also useful analytical techniques for characterization of fluorescent products.
Feminist Ideology, Race, and Political Participation: a Second Look

FN EMINIST ideology ought to increase the political participation of its female adherents. By providing a definition of women's stake in the world outside the traditional, private homeplace, feminism should increase the relevance of political action to the life of the individual and, thus, increase her participation (Kelly and Boutilier 1978: 297307). By encouraging active involvement in the polity, feminism should act in much the same fashion as other civic orientations in increasing a woman's political participation (Verba and Nie: 133-36). By prescribing changes in policies, feminism should lead its proponents to the advocacy of noncentrist political positions which, more than centrist ones, motivate activism (Nie, Verba, Petrocik 1979: 206-9). The relationship between feminist ideology and political participation cannot be expected to be a strong one. There are multiplicities of factors which enhance or depress political participation thereby obscuring the relationship between it and any one of the causal factors. The relationship between feminism and political participation should, nevertheless, be apparent and positive. The more adherents hold to a feminist ideology whick seeks "full and equal participation of women in the existing structures of society" (Fulenwider 1980: 24), the more they should be expected to participate in politics. The most radical of feminists, however, may not be the most affected by their ideology. If they reject the existing structures of society or if their feminism leads just to alienation from contemporary politicians and politics, not from the system itself (Fulenwider 1980: 92), ordinary electoral campaign participation may be reduced and political participation confined to other activities. Radical advocates of extreme change, rather than reform, may face frustration and consequently depressed conventional activity in the wake of only incremental change (cf. Beck and Jennings 1979). Antifeminism, in contrast, seems somewhat contradictory to active political participation and may, as a result, have less straightforward consequences. Some antifeminists may well stay out of the political arena because traditional gender roles specify less public roles for women. Other
An estimate of the driving force for cyclic migration

Estimation de la force motrice associee a une deformation cyclique a haute temperature comme premiere etape dans la comprehension du phenomene de migration cyclique. On s'interesse en detail a l'interaction entre les cavites induites par deformation et les points en cours de deplacement. Etude experimentale sur Al-3% poids Mg