cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial nonhomogeneity effects in nonequilibrium vibrational kinetics

Abstract The paper addresses several problems of kinetics of spatially nonhomogeneous, vibrationally excited gas flows. It is shown that vibrational energy transfer in most diatomic molecules does not affect the transport coefficients of gas, despite very fast vibration-to-vibration (V—V) rates among high vibrational levels. The influence of diffusion and the vibration-to-electronic (V—E) energy transfer on the vibrational distribution function (VDF) and on the vibrational energy balance is discussed. The diffusion and V—E corrections of the VDF and to the gas heating rate in vibrational relaxation is obtained for the “strong” excitation regime. The effect of the non-local diagnostics on the VDF is connsdered. It is shown that the spatial integration may significantly influence the inferred distribution function, as has been previously reported in experiments. A new approach for kinetic modeling of nonhomogeneous, vibrationally nonequilibrium flows is suggested. A two-dimensional kinetic model is developed which combines vibrational and translational energy balance and gas motion equations with the analytical theory of anharmonic oscillators. The comparison of the model calculations with both 1D and 2D experiments shows reasonable agreement within the applicability of the gas flow model.
Hyoscine for polyp detection during colonoscopy: A meta-analysis and systematic review

CONCLUSION: Hyoscine use in patients undergoing colonoscopy does not appear to significantly increase the detection of polyps or adenomas.
Activation and germination characteristics observed in endospores of thermophilic strains of Bacillus.

The properties of endospores of some thermophilic strains of Bacillus were examined. Included were strains isolated from thermal pools and springs in Yellowstone National Park, a strain of B. thermodenitrificans and two strains of B. stearothermophilus, ATCC 7953 (smooth) and T-10. The spores of thermophilic strains of Bacillus contained relatively high levels of dipicolinic acid ranging from 11–14.8% of the spore dry weight, while the calcium levels were similar to those observed in other bacterial endospores including mesophilic bacilli and thermophilic actinonycetes. Spore populations of thermophilic bacilli could not be effectively germinated in solutions of sodium phosphate alone but germinated well in solutions supplemented with one of a variety of organic compounds. Solutions containing l-valine or l-leucine were particularly effective. A wide range of pH permitted the germination of fractions of spore populations, however, optimum germination was observed only at pH values of 6.0 and above. A range in incubation temperatures of less than 25°C permitted 50% or more of the spores of each of the organisms to germinate. Freshly prepared spores did not germinate, but these spores germinated rapidly and completely if they were heated for 30 min at 100°C just prior to germination testing, i.e., the spores were heat activatable. However, spores of thermophilic bacilli could also be activated by shifting them to and holding them at temperatures below their optimum growth temperature of 65°C. Of the ten temperatures tested, ranging from 4°C through 50°C, the optimum reduced temperature for spore activation was 30°C.
Abstract: Modeling Change in a Correlation Over Time Within an SEM Framework

Many theoretical frameworks concerning romantic couples suggest that partners' behavior, mood, and physiological arousal will align as they interact. Evidence for these notions is typically provide...
Researching the Family Theories of Schizophrenia: An Exercise in Epistemological Confusion†

some, but not all, of the family theories of schizophrenia entail a shift from the Aristotelian/Cartesian/Newtonian epistemology of individual psychology to a systemic epistemology of pattern. Perhaps the most significant (and underappreciated) aspect of this epistemological shift pertains to etiology: The family theories of schizophrenia espoused by Bateson et al. and by Wynne and Singer do not claim that parents or families cause schizophrenia. The persistent failure of researchers to appreciate this has led to many fruitless studies that have sought to discover a causal link between the thought disorder and communication deviance of parents and the schizophrenia of their offspring. This paper reviews from an epistemological viewpoint the empirical literature that has attempted to assess the validity of the family theories of schizophrenia. Particular attention is given to restating and extending the epistemology of pattern within which schizophrenia occurs. The conventional psychiatric approaches to schizophrenia are shown to play an active role within the schizophrenic pattern.
The irradiated tumor microenvironment: role of tumor-associated macrophages in vascular recovery

Radiotherapy is an important modality used in the treatment of more than 50% of cancer patients in the US. However, despite sophisticated techniques for radiation delivery as well as the combination of radiation with chemotherapy, tumors can recur. Thus, any method of improving the local control of the primary tumor by radiotherapy would produce a major improvement in the curability of cancer patients. One of the challenges in the field is to understand how the tumor vasculature can regrow after radiation in order to support tumor recurrence, as it is unlikely that any of the endothelial cells within the tumor could survive the doses given in a typical radiotherapy regimen. There is now considerable evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies that the tumor vasculature can be restored following radiotherapy from an influx of circulating cells consisting primarily of bone marrow derived monocytes and macrophages. The radiation-induced influx of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) into tumors can be prevented through the blockade of various cytokine pathways and such strategies can inhibit tumor recurrence. However, the post-radiation interactions between surviving tumor cells, recruited immune cells, and the remaining stroma remain poorly defined. While prior studies have described the monocyte/macrophage inflammatory response within normal tissues and in the tumor microenvironment, less is known about this response with respect to a tumor after radiation therapy. The goal of this review is to summarize existing research studies to provide an understanding of how the myelomonocytic lineage may influence vascular recovery within the irradiated tumor microenvironment.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of Ammonium trans-2-Butenoate, and a Preliminary Investigation of its Solid-State Reactivity

Ammonium trans-2-butenoate, NH4(O2CCH=CHCH3) 5 crystallizes in a similar fashion to metal two-dimensional coordination polymers, and thus is a candidate for facile radiation-induced solid-state reactions. The tetrahedral coordination of the ammonium is an obvious consequence of hydrogen bonding, but the relatively long N…O distance (compared to a Group IA metal) leads to repeat distances along the bilayer of ca. 4.7 A˚ . Interlayer contacts appear to be suitable for a radiation-induced Michael addition to occur. However, as observed for other nonmetal salts (e.g., those of propynoic acid), the material is stable to γ-ray doses up to 336 kGy.
Enforcing cooperative resource sharing in untrusted P2P computing environments

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing is widely recognized as a promising paradigm for building next generation distributed applications. However, the autonomous, heterogeneous, and decentralized nature of participating peers introduces the following challenge for resource staring: how to make peers profitable in the untrusted P2P environment? To address the problem, we present a self-policing and distributed approach by combining two models: PET, a personalized trust model, and M-CUBE, a multiple-currency based economic model, to lay a foundation for resource sharing in untrusted P2P computing environments. PET is a flexible trust model that can adapt to different requirements, and provides the solid support for the currency management in M-CUBE. M-CUBE provides a novel self-policing and quality-aware framework for the sharing of multiple resources, including both homogeneous and heterogeneous resources. We evaluate the efficacy and performance of this approach in the context of a real application, a peer-to-peer Web server sharing. Our results show that our approach is flexible enough to adapt to different situations and effective to make the system profitable, especially for systems with large scale.
Library as incubating space for innovations: practices, trends and skill sets

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss library transformation and creative approaches in public services.Design/methodology/approach – Using classic business concept and drawing on Cornell University service examples, changing customer demands and library's ability to innovate and respond to customers are assessed. The critical skills needed for library to remain competitive are outlined.Findings – In order for libraries to remain relevant to their customers, they must follow the fundamental rule of business, that is, to supply what is demanded by their market. Library staff skills and library services all have to shift from book‐centric to user‐centric.Practical implications – As the academic library continues to redefine its role in teaching and research in the digital environment, it needs to leverage its strengths, such as physical space and collections, and to innovate responsive and convenient services.Originality/value – The ideas presented in this paper are most useful to library manage...
Self-excited cosmic string dynamos

Cosmic strings, topological remnants of the earlier universe, arise in many grand unified theories. Witten1 showed that under some conditions these strings can behave like superconductors: current is carried by massless charge carriers, which can be either fermions or bosons, that move at the speed of light along the string. These strings are superconductors in the sense that any induced constant current (d.c.) will persist. The persistence is guaranteed by topological index theorems1, but no such theorem exists for alternating currents (a.c.), which can be damped by radiation or (as we report here) can even grow exponentially through dynamo self-interaction. This mechanism converts the mechanical energy of the string into electromagnetic fields.
Photochromism in the arylaroylaziridine system

Photochromism of a number of arylaroylaziridines has been observed in the solid state or in the rigid matrix. The photochromic behavior is dependent on the intensity of the incident radiation, the reaction medium, the wavelength of light used and on the relationship of the substituents on the three-membered ring. From the visible absorption spectra it is clear that cis-arylaroylaziridines give different colored species than do the trans isomers. These results suggest that the coloration is due to an extensive electrical interaction between the bent bonds of the aziridine ring and the π orbitals of the benzoyl and phenyl groups. Attempts to trap the colored species by co-irradiation with substrates containing a multiple bond failed. A reaction has been found to occur upon heating various arylaroylaziridines with dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate in inert solvents.
DNA Sequence Context as a Determinant of the Quantity and Chemistry of Guanine Oxidation Produced by Hydroxyl Radicals and One-electron Oxidants

DNA sequence context has emerged as a critical determinant of the location and quantity of nucleobase damage caused by many oxidizing agents. However, the complexity of nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose damage caused by strong oxidants such as ionizing radiation and the Fenton chemistry of Fe2+-EDTA/H2O2 poses a challenge to defining the location of nucleobase damage and the effects of sequence context on damage chemistry in DNA. To address this problem, we developed a gel-based method that allows quantification of nucleobase damage in oxidized DNA by exploiting Escherichia coli exonuclease III to remove fragments containing direct strand breaks and abasic sites. The rigor of the method was verified in studies of guanine oxidation by photooxidized riboflavin and nitrosoperoxycarbonate, for which different effects of sequence context have been demonstrated by other approaches (Margolin, Y., Cloutier, J. F., Shafirovich, V., Geacintov, N. E., and Dedon, P. C. (2006) Nat. Chem. Biol. 2, 365–366). Using duplex oligodeoxynucleotides containing all possible three-nucleotide sequence contexts for guanine, the method was used to assess the role of DNA sequence context in hydroxyl radical-induced guanine oxidation associated with γ-radiation and Fe2+-EDTA/H2O2. The results revealed both differences and similarities for G oxidation by hydroxyl radicals and by one-electron oxidation by riboflavin-mediated photooxidation, which is consistent with the predominance of oxidation pathways for hydroxyl radicals other than one-electron oxidation to form guanine radical cations. Although the relative quantities of G oxidation produced by hydroxyl radicals were more weakly correlated with sequence-specific ionization potential than G oxidation produced by riboflavin, damage produced by both hydroxyl radical generators and riboflavin within two- and three-base runs of G showed biases in location that are consistent with a role for electron transfer in defining the location of the damage products. Furthermore, both γ-radiation and Fe2+-EDTA/H2O2 showed relatively modest effects of sequence context on the proportions of different damage products sensitive to E. coli formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase and hot piperidine, although GT-containing sequence contexts displayed subtle biases in damage chemistry (formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase/piperidine ratio). Overall, the results are consistent with the known chemistry of guanine oxidation by hydroxyl radical and demonstrate that charge migration plays a relatively minor role in determining the location and chemistry of hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage to guanine in DNA.
Reproductive biology and postnatal development in the tent-making bat Artibeus watsoni (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

In this study we investigated the reproductive patterns and postnatal development in the tent-making bat Artibeus watsoni. We sampled two populations in the Golfito Wildlife Refuge and Corcovado National Park, south-western Costa Rica, from June 2003 to March 2005. Most females were pregnant during the months of January and June, and most were lactating in March and July, indicating that this species exhibits seasonal bimodal polyoestry, with the first parturition peak occurring in February–March and the second in June–July. Additionally, we observed a postpartum oestrus following the first parturition, but not after the second. Females entered oestrus again in November–December and had a gestation period of c. 3 months. A female-biased sex ratio of neonates was observed during the second parturition period, and young were born at 32 and 56% of their mothers’ body mass and length of forearm, respectively. Adult proportions in length of forearm were attained faster than adult proportions in body mass, and sustained flight was only possible after 35 days of age, when pups had achieved 100 and 80% of adult length of forearm and body mass proportions, respectively. Weaning and roosting independence occurred when young were c. 30–40 days old, and young females appeared to remain close to their place of birth, at least for their first mating period, whereas adult males were never recaptured near their birth site. In addition, sexual maturity was reached in as little as 3 months in females born during the first parturition period, whereas females born during the second birth period in June–July seemed to reach maturity at 6 months of age. Our results show that A. watsoni belongs to the faster lane of the slow–fast continuum of life-history variation in bats, which may be attributed primarily to its roosting and feeding ecology.
Real-world market representation with agents

As power markets are relatively new and still continue to evolve, there is a growing need for advanced modeling approaches that simulate the behavior of electricity markets over time and how market participants may act and react to the changing economic, financial and regulatory environments in which they operate. A new and rather promising approach is to model the electricity market as a complex adaptive system using an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) approach. The purpose of an ABMS model is not necessarily to predict the outcome of a system but to reveal and understand the complex and aggregate system behaviors that emerge from the interactions of the heterogeneous individual entities. Emergent behavior is a key feature of ABMS and is not easily inferred from the simple sum of the behavior of its components. By relying on both established engineering modeling techniques as well as advanced quantitative economic market principles, the ABMS approach is uniquely suited to addressing the strategic issues of interest to different market participants as well as those of market monitors and regulators.
School Consultation (Part I) An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Theory, Models, and Research

This article is the first in a two-part series on school consultation, from an interdisciplinary perspective. The authors examine school consultation as it has been studied and applied in learning disabilities and in special education as well as in the related professions of school and community psychology, counseling, and organizational development. Part I is a review and analysis of various theories, models, and related research on school consultation, with emphasis on a planned progression from theory formulation to model building to implementation of basic and applied research. The authors question whether or not consultation has a theoretical base. They conclude that a distinction must be made between underlying knowledge bases used to solve problems in the consultation process and underlying theories about the consultation process itself which direct the communicative/interactive nature of the relationship between consultants and consultees. Also included are (a) an examination of 10 different model...
Dispersal Kernel Determines Symmetry of Spread and Geographical Range for an Insect

The distance from a source patch that dispersing insects reach depends on the number of dispersers, or random draws from a probability density function called a dispersal kernel, and the shape of that kernel. This can cause asymmetrical dispersal between habitat patches that produce different numbers of dispersers. Spatial distributions based on these dynamics can explain several ecological patterns including megapopulations and geographic range boundaries. I hypothesized that a locally extirpated longhorned beetle, the sugar maple borer, has a new geographical range shaped primarily by probabilistic dispersal distances. I used data on occurrence from Ontario, Canada to construct a model of geographical range in Indiana, USA based on maximum dispersal distance scaled by habitat area. This model predicted the new range boundary within 500 m very accurately. This beetle may be an ideal organism for exploring spatial dynamics driven by dispersal.
Anthracnose Caused by Discula fraxinea on the New Host Chinese Fringetree and White Ash in Delaware.

Leaf blight or anthracnose symptoms have been noted on the current year's growth of Chinese fringetree (Chionanthus retusis L.) since the early 1990s in Newark, DE. Symptoms begin as dark, greenish...
Differential regulation of arginases and inducible nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophage cells

Activated macrophages avidly consume arginine via the action of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or arginase. In contrast to our knowledge regarding macrophage iNOS expression, the stimul...
Phase calibration of spatially nonuniform spatial light modulators

A new 512 x 512 pixel phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) has been found to deviate from being flat by several wavelengths. Also, the retardation of the SLM relative to voltage varies across the device by as much as 0.25 wavelength. The birefringence of each pixel as a function of address voltage is measured from the intensity of the SLM between crossed polarizers. To these responses are added a reference spatial phase measured by phase shifting interferometry for a single address voltage. Fits to the measured data facilitate the compensation of the SLM to a root-mean-square wave-front error of 0.06 wavelength. The application of these corrections to flatten the full aperture of the SLM sharpens the focal plane spot and reduces the distortion of computer-designed diffraction patterns.
STUDIES ON RECOVERY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE MALE RAT FROM REGRESSIVE CHANGES INDUCED BY STILBESTROL1

IN A RECENT PUBLICATION (i) the deleterious effects of stilbestrol on the male reproductive system were discussed. Since considerable regressive changes were found in the testes, seminal vesicles and prostate it was obviously desirable to ascertain not only if these organs could recover a functional level but also to determine the length of time necessary for this recovery after the withdrawal of treatment. With these objectives in mind experiments designed to elucidate the problem were executed. Data collected from these studies are presented in this communication. Sixty-six (32, male and 34 female) young but sexually mature albino rats of Wistar stock inbred for many generations were used for the work The sodium salt of stilbestrol was made by dissolving 20 mg. of stilbestrol in 0.5 cc. of IN NaOH. The desired concentration was attained by dilution with distilled water
TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD : A STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SYNCHRONIZED STATES

We report the results of a Floquet analysis of two-dimensional arrays of resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junctions in an external transverse magnetic field. The Floquet analysis indicates stable phase locking of the active junctions over a finite range of values of the bias current and junction capacitance, even in the absence of an external load. This stable phase locking is robust against critical current disorder, up to at least a $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25%$ rms spread in critical currents.
A MODEL NEURON WITH ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT CONDUCTANCES REGULATED BY MULTIPLE CALCIUM SENSORS

Membrane channels are subject to a wide variety of regulatory mechanisms that can be affected by activity. We present a model of a stomatogastric ganglion (STG) neuron in which several Ca2+-dependent pathways are used to regulate the maximal conductances of membrane currents in an activity-dependent manner. Unlike previous models of this type, the regulation and modification of maximal conductances by electrical activity is unconstrained. The model has seven voltage-dependent membrane currents and uses three Ca2+ sensors acting on different time scales. Starting from random initial conditions over a given range, the model sets the maximal conductances for its active membrane currents to values that produce a predefined target pattern of activity ∼90% of the time. In these models, the same pattern of electrical activity can be produced by a range of maximal conductances, and this range is compared with voltage-clamp data from the lateral pyloric neuron of the STG. If the electrical activity of the model neuron is perturbed, the maximal conductances adjust to restore the original pattern of activity. When the perturbation is removed, the activity pattern is again restored after a transient adjustment period, but the conductances may not return to their initial values. The model suggests that neurons may regulate their conductances to maintain fixed patterns of electrical activity, rather than fixed maximal conductances, and that the regulation process requires feedback systems capable of reacting to changes of electrical activity on a number of different time scales.
Use of an Interactive Case Study to Examine School Learning Problems

This instructional activity involves an interactive computer-video program developed from a school referral case. Graduate students critically examine information about a case, then render their opinion based on the referral. A laser disc along with accompanying videos of various assessment procedures are combined in a complete “station” in the university's computer lab. A primary advantage of the interactive case format is that the students can experience authentic cases complete with primary data prior to, or in conjunction with, actual field-based coursework or practica. Case findings and student opinions can then be discussed and critically evaluated as part of the learning experience.
Io! in Ovid

The scribes of the Latin poets were not, as a rule, in the habit of interpolating exclamatory particles; on the contrary, their tendency was to trivialise. The particle io has MSS authority in two passages in Ovid where distinguished critics reject it. Kenney in the Oxford Text of Ars Amatoria 3.742 prints. labor, io: cara lumina conde manu.
Traffic-aided multiuser detection for random-access CDMA networks

Traffic burstiness has been observed for multimedia packet switching networks. This burstiness results in the predictability of user activity at the individual source level, and the exploitation of such predictability in the receiver design for a random-access CDMA packet switching network is investigated in this paper. A decorrelating detector is considered for performance and complexity tradeoff and it is shown that the conventional approach of assuming all users are active results in substantial performance loss. A two-stage multiuser detection is proposed where the first stage tracks active output to the second stage multiuser detector for symbol detection. It is demonstrated that by using the traffic predictability, an accurate estimate of an active set of users is possible with a simple matched filterbank at the first stage.
Physically accurate haptic rendering with dynamic effects

We focus on the realism/transparency aspect of haptic rendering. We introduce a novel approach that enables physically correct and accurate simulation of contact wrench W/sub c/ for general rigid objects in real time, taking into account not only friction and gravity but also dynamic effects. Our method for contact force and moment simulation builds on the real-time identification of geometrically valid contact states despite digital errors. Our approach applies to general rigid bodies including both polyhedral and nonpolyhedral objects. For nonpolyhedral, curved objects, we build our contact state representation and contact force/moment model directly on the smooth and accurate representation of the object surfaces. Our approach's key idea is to solve for the contact force and moment analytically based on not only the contact configuration, but also the real-time identification of the exact type of the corresponding contact state, the type of instantaneous motion of the held object prior to reaching the contact configuration.
A technique to estimate nitrate-nitrogen loss by runoff and leaching for agricultural land, Lancaster County, Nebraska

Abstract Nitrate-nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural land to natural water resources is an issue for both crop production and water quality. The objective of this study was to develop a technique to evaluate and map nitrate-N loss by surface runoff and subsurface leaching for agricultural land. The technique implemented water loss calculated by the National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) runoff equation and a percolation model to predict nitrate-N loss for soils with different types of land cover. The technique was applied on agricultural land in Lancaster County, Nebraska, which covers 221,000 ha near the eastern edge of the Great Plains. The Soil Survey Report was used to identify 11 major soil series that comprise 83% of acreage in the county. Predicted nitrate runoff loss from soils ranged from 0.84 to 6.20 kg/ha/y for fallow, 0.83 to 5.97 kg/ha/y for cropland, and 0.80 to 5.29 kg/ha/y for grassland. For most soils nitrate loss by leaching was greater than that by runoff. The average loss predi...
Expressions of Gratitude in Children and Adolescents Insights From China and the United States

Gratitude is a socially desirable virtue that is related to well-being at both personal and societal levels. The present study took a developmental perspective to examine changes with age in types of wishes and gratitude in two societies. The samples consisted of 357 children, aged 7 to 14 years, from a medium-sized city in the southeast United States, and 334 children from a metropolitan area in southern China. Results showed that the expression of connective gratitude, which is considered the most sophisticated form of gratitude and theorized to promote personal well-being and social relationships, increased with age, regardless of society. Participants in China, a society considered to emphasize relatedness more than does the United States, were more likely to express connective gratitude than were their counterparts in the United States. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between hedonistic wishes and connective gratitude was revealed in the U.S. sample.
(Re)collecting Mao: Memory and fetish in contemporary China

In contemporary China, compulsive collecting has become a method of accumulating both fiscal reward and cultural capital. In this article, I consider how the collecting practices of Mao-badge aficionados provide insight into the debates over value and subjectivity in contemporary, late-socialist China. By viewing Mao badges as fetishes, I accentuate the uneasy tensions between various theories of the fetish and call into question the theoretical divide between the postulated ahistorical, “private” fetish and its “public” commodity counterpart, suggesting that private, psychological drama is intimately linked to public commodity exchange. My analysis reveals how objects mediate the conflicts of meaning between different historical eras and play a central role in negotiating identities and subjectivities.
Nalline and Urine Tests in Narcotics Detection: A Critical Overview

(1973). Nalline and Urine Tests in Narcotics Detection: A Critical Overview. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 163-171.
Estrogen and Tamoxifen Interplay with T3 in Male Rats: Pharmacologically Distinct Classes of Estrogen Responses Affecting Growth, Bone, and Lipid Metabolism, and Their Relation to Serum GH and IGF-I

Estrogen (E) and T3 regulate gene expression by receptor mechanisms that may enable hormonal interplay affecting growth and metabolism. Prior studies of E and tamoxifen (TM) interplay with T3 in female rats identified a subset of E responses that required T3 for expression and exhibited large agonist responses to TM. In contrast, TM acted more like an antagonist in most T3-independent E responses. This study used male rats to further explore the role of T3 in E effects on growth and metabolism, and the relation of such effects to changes in serum GH and IGF-I. Orchidectomized, hypothyroid rats were treated 6 wk with vehicle, E2 benzoate (E2B), or TM with or without T3. The following parameters were measured: body weight change; tibia length and bone mineral density; heart and kidney weight; food intake and body temperature; serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, GH, and IGF-I; seminal vesicle weight; and anterior pituitary levels of GH, PRL, glandular kallikrein, and total protein. Interplay...
Mapping Genes That Control Hormone-Induced Ovulation Rate in Mice

The present study mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control 6-fold genetic differences in hormone-induced ovulation rate (HIOR) between C57BL/6J (B6) (HIOR = 54) and A/J strain mice (HIOR = 9). (The gene name is Ovulation Rate Induced [ORI] QTL and the gene symbol is Oriq.) QTL linkage analysis was conducted on 167 (B6×A)×A backcross mice at 165 loci. Suggestive B6 ORI QTL that control the number of eggs in cumulus mapped, as follows, near: Cyp19 and D9Mit4 on chromosome (Chr) 9 (Oriq1); D2Mit433 on Chr2 (Oriq2); D6Mit316 on Chr6 (Oriq3); DXMit22 on ChrX (Oriq4) and were associated with a 2.7, 2.7, 2.6, and 4.2 egg increases in HIOR, respectively. Oriq3 was significant (LOD = 3.45) based on composite interval mapping. QTL linkage analysis of the number of eggs matured by endogenous gonadotropins and ovulated by eCG mapped a significant Oriq5 to Chr 10 and suggestive Oriq to Chr 6, 7, and X. These data provide the first molecular genetic markers for reproductive QTL that control major differences in ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins. These and closely linked syntenic molecular markers will enable a more accurate prediction of ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins and provide selection criteria for improving reproductive performance in diverse mammalian species.
Guns and Trafficking in Crack-Cocaine and Other Drug Markets:

This article examines the relationship between gun possession and the nature of an offender’s involvement in drug markets. The analyses are based on data obtained from drug offenders who participated in the 1997 Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities. The authors find that participants in crack-cocaine markets are more likely to possess guns than participants in powdered-cocaine, opiate, and marijuana markets, particularly if they are street-level crack dealers. However, participants in barbiturates and amphetamine markets also have high rates of gun possession. The authors also find relatively high levels of gun possession among traffickers who handle stashes of moderately large market value, who have central roles in the trade, and who are members of drug organizations. Finally, offenders who are young, female, African American, and from lower economic status are more likely to traffic in crack cocaine than in other drugs.
Calcium cation complexation by lariat ether receptors having arene-terminated sidearms

The first reported calcium azalariat complex has an arene terminated sidearm that behaves differently from an otherwise identical indole-sidearmed complex; twin phenolic sidearms on a diaza-18-crown-6 lead to an infinite, H-bonded network.
Shifting Sands in Florida Scrub Gaps and Roadsides: Dynamic Microsites for Herbs

Abstract Florida scrub grows on relict beach ridges with xeric sands, which are constantly transported by wind and water. These sand movements are likely affect microsites occupied by Florida scrub herbs and their demography. We analyzed temporal variation in sand accretion and erosion in natural post-fire gaps within the shrub matrix and along sand roads at Archbold Biological Station in five time intervals: 1 and 2 wk and 1, 3 and 6 mo. Also, in three experiments, we tested effects of sand movements on three herbaceous scrub species: Balduina angustifolia, Paronychia chartacea and Polygonella basiramia. In two pot experiments we studied: (1) seedling emergence from seeds buried to 0, 5 and 20 mm sand depths and (2): seedling survival with (a) frequent but shallow burial by sand, (b) alternating sand addition and removal and (c) infrequent deep sand addition vs. (d) control. Finally, in a field experiment, we studied plant rosette and flowering stem growth with (a) sand addition, (b) sand removal, (c) al...
The owl of the system: Alice Notley’s queer poetics in The Descent of Alette

In Alice Notley’s The Descent of Alette the problem of masculine enlightenment associated with light is contrasted with knowledge and truth born of darkness, found in the buried and forgotten possibilities of the queer and feminine. In order to deconstruct the enlightenment project which subsumes bodily knowledge under the abstract knowledge tied to institutional and theological practices, Notley’s narrator, Alette, must rediscover knowledge as found in her queer subjectivity; this subjectivity is linked to an expansion of the body through rediscovering the repressed becoming-animal. As Jose Esteban Munoz writes in Cruising Utopia, ‘queerness is that thing that lets us feel that this world is not enough, that indeed something is missing’ (Cruising Utopia). It is the recovery of the missing hybrid-animal that reveals the queer nature of Alette’s body and connects her to the repressed history of darkness and chaos, a queer history without borders or edges.
An Analysis of the Illinois State Business Tax Provision

The authors analyse business taxes in Illinois. It is difficult to determine what is a tax preference and what is an appropriate part of the tax system, the authors say. This may not be the time for Illinois to move away from single-sales-factor apportionment, they suggest.
Constant Approximations for Beaconing Scheduling in Wireless Networks With Duty-Cycled Scenarios

Minimum-latency beaconing scheduling (MLBS) has been well studied when all the nodes are always awake. However, it is well-known that the networking nodes often switch between the active state and the sleep state to save energy. None of the known algorithms for MLBS are suitable for duty-cycled multihop wireless networks. In this paper, we study MLBS in duty-cycled multihop wireless networks (MLBSDC). Under the protocol interference model, we first present two constant-approx. algorithms for MLBSDC with the approx. bounds independent of $\vert T\vert $ , the length of a scheduling period. Then, we develop an efficient algorithm for MLBSDC under the physical interference model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that develops constant-approx. algorithms for any communication scheduling with the approx. bounds independent of $\vert T\vert $ when the duty-cycled scenarios are taken into consideration.
Experimental transmission of Leishmania mexicana by a North American sand fly, Lutzomyia anthophora (Diptera: Psychodidae).

The results of 2 laboratory studies on the transmission of Leishmania mexicana mexicana by the sand fly Lutzomyia anthophora are presented. Hamsters and BALB/c mice served both as the infected source and recipient hosts in the respective studies. In the 1st experiment, 68% (172/252) of the sand flies that fed on leishmanial histiocytomas of hamsters infected with a strain of L. mexicana mexicana (WHO Code Reference: MHOM/US/80/WR-411) became infected. Transmission to hamsters occurred 4–7 days after the infective blood meal, and the bite of a single infected fly was sufficient to transmit the parasite. Leishmania infection did not affect Lu. anthophora longevity, fecundity, or the proportion of females that laid eggs. In the 2nd experiment, 30.4% (91/299) of the sand flies became infected with another strain of L. mexicana mexicana (WHO Code Reference: MHOM/PA/78/49*WR-225). Although 76 infected sand flies fed on 46 individual BALB/c mice, no transmission occurred. The experimental transmission of L. mexicana mexicana by Lu. anthophora to hamsters is the first reported transmission of leishmaniasis by a sand fly that occurs in the USA.
Fear of victimization and sensitivity to risk

The degree to which a crime is feared is dependent not only on the perceived risk of that crime, but also on individuals' sensitivity to risk. We show that sensitivity to risk varies systematically across offenses in proportion to their perceived seriousness. Based on these findings, some general principles about fear are stated, and the relation between this work and some of our earlier work on fear is discussed.
Three Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) Alternating at the Surface

Observation dans les eaux voisines du Cap Cod, d'un groupe de trois E.g. emergeant alternativement
Epidemiological characteristic of mumps in Suzhou city from 2006 to 2009

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Suzhou city,to investigate the prevention and control measures,and to provide scientific evidence for control of the disease.Methods The cases of mumps which were reported in Suzhou city from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 2648 cases of mumps were reported in Suzhou city from 2006 to 2009 with an annual average incidence of 11.51/100 000.In 2007,the incidence of mumps in Yongqiao district was significantly increased(499.40%).The high incidence was in the total city in 2008(20.43/100 000)with the character of local outbreak.41.65% and 40.63% cases which were mainly primary and middle school students were the children with age of 5~ and 10~.The ratio of male to female was 2.02,and there was difference in the incidence in different sexes(P0.01).Conclusion We should implement the immune program conscientiously.It is necessary to carry out the routine immunization of measles-mumps vaccination and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination,especially the one dose of mumps vaccine conducted in the children below the age of 15.
Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase does not prevent intestinal smooth muscle hyperplasia in the rat

The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between intestinal smooth muscle cell proliferation and polyamine metabolism. Proliferation of muscle is induced by serosal application of benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BAC) to a segment of rat jejunum. This treatment destroys all of the longitudinal muscle, one-half of the circular muscle, and the myenteric and extrinsic nerves. The remaining muscle cells undergo mitosis and, by 15 days, the number of muscle cells is increased in both the longitudinal and circular muscle layers. Within 12 h after BAC treatment, there is an increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) that returns to preinjury levels by 4 days. The smooth muscle content of the three polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine is increased 6 h after injury, returning to preinjury levels within 1 day. DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC, prevents the transient increases in both ODC activity and the three polyamines in the smooth muscle. In addition to preventing the transient increases in the three polyamines, DMFO has different effects on smooth muscle content of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Putrescine content is permanently depleted by DFMO. Spermidine and spermine content is initially decreased within 24 h by DFMO administration. In contrast to the persistent depletion of putrescine by DFMO, spermidine and spermine return to preinjury levels by 2 days. The maximal peak in DNA synthesis occurs 2 days after injury. In DFMO-administered animals, the maximal DNA synthesis occurs 5 days after injury. The increases in smooth muscle wet weight and DNA content 15 days after injury are not affected by DFMO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance of Cloud-based P2P Game Architecture

The traditional multiplayer video game architecture requires costly investment in physical game servers and network infrastructure. The peer-to-peer network model alleviates some of these concerns, but makes cheat prevention, software updates, and system monitoring far more difficult for the game publisher. Recent advancements in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud platform providers such as Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure offers video game companies the option to host virtual game servers in the cloud. These services now allow gamers to build custom game servers in the cloud. This paper explores the performance of a cloud-based First Person Shooter game server compared to established performance
Design and Testing of a Prototype Beam Absorber for the PXIE MEBT

One of the goals of the PXIE at Fermilab is to demonstrate the capability to form an arbitrary bunch pattern from an initially CW 162.5 MHz Hbunch train coming out of an RFQ. The bunch-by-bunch selection will take place in the 2.1 MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) by directing the undesired bunches onto an absorber that needs to withstand a beam power of up to 21 kW, focused onto a spot with a ~2 mm rms radius. A design was developed to respond to the driving requirements: high surface power density of 17W/mm 2 and resistance to ion-induced surface blistering. A 1⁄4 size prototype of the absorber was manufactured, and its thermal properties were tested with an electron beam generating a peak power density similar to the one expected during normal operation of the PXIE beam line. The note describes the absorber concept, the prototype, the testing procedure with the electron beam, and the results of testing. Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Political Sense of Disruptive Interventions

An increase of violent and uncivil behavior in urban youth culture is a recurrent topic of debate in Western European democracies such as France and the Netherlands1 (Decker & Weerman 2005; De Jong 2007; Mohammed 2011). The habit of “making chaos” and recurrent violent clashes with the police in neighborhoods such as Grigny and Kanaleneiland are understood as being central to this development. Male adolescents with an immigrant background from such urban areas have gained a reputation of being antisocial and having an attitude which turns them away from society (Van den Brink 2002, 179–194).2 For no apparent reason, these boys harass fellow inhabitants, destroy public property, cause a nuisance and clash with the police — or so it seems, if we follow reports about such seemingly senseless incidents of violence and incivility which dominate the media where youth with an immigrant background from “problem neighborhoods” are concerned (Corrado et al. 2002, v; Body-Gendrot 2005, 7). In the reception of such reports, the actions of small groups of youngsters gain a representative status for the image of larger groups of youngsters, who at first sight look and behave similarly to the initial troublemakers.
The sexual behaviour of chimpanzees and bonobos, our closest living relatives: multiple matings and multiple meanings

(1996). The sexual behaviour of chimpanzees and bonobos, our closest living relatives: multiple matings and multiple meanings. Global Bioethics: Vol. 9, No. 1-4, pp. 11-29.
The Master Network

The ideas of the previous chapters fit together into a coherent, symbiotic unit: the master network. The master network is neither a network of physical entities nor a simple, clever algorithm. It is rather a vast, self-organizing network of selforganizing programs, continually updating and restructuring each other. In previous chapters we have discussed particular components of this network; but the whole is much more than the sum of the parts. None of the components can be fully understood in isolation.
Exosome-associated AAV2 vector mediates robust gene delivery into the murine retina upon intravitreal injection.

Widespread gene transfer to the retina is challenging as it requires vector systems to overcome physical and biochemical barriers to enter and diffuse throughout retinal tissue. We investigated whether exosome-associated adeno-associated virus, (exo-AAV) enabled broad retinal targeting following intravitreal (IVT) injection, as exosomes have been shown to traverse biological barriers and mediate widespread distribution upon systemic injection. We packaged an AAV genome encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) into conventional AAV2 and exo-AAV2 vectors. Vectors were IVT injected into the eyes of adult mice. GFP expression was noninvasively monitored by fundus imaging and retinal expression was analyzed 4 weeks post-injection by qRT-PCR and histology. Exo-AAV2 outperformed conventional AAV2 in GFP expression based on fundus image analysis and qRT-PCR. Exo-AAV2 demonstrated deeper penetration in the retina, efficiently reaching the inner nuclear and outer plexiform, and to a lesser extent the outer nuclear layer. Cell targets were ganglion cells, bipolar cells, Muller cells, and photoreceptors. Exo-AAV2 serves as a robust gene delivery tool for murine retina, and the simplicity of production and isolation should make it widely applicable to basic research of the eye.