cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of decidualization in the pseudopregnant rat.

Abstract The ultrastructure of the endometrial stroma in rats bearing deciduomata was examined in detail on day 9 (day of vaginal cornification = day 0) of pseudopregnancy, together with the development of deciduomata from day 4 to day 8. Five major regions were recognizable on day 9. 1) In the basal zone, which contributes to endometrial regeneration following decidualization, stromal cells remained fibrocyte-like and were separated by wide bands of collagen fibrils. Capillaries were fenestrated and large. 2) The capsule surrounding the antimesometrial (region of the) deciduoma was composed of flattened cells, showing mitosis, which appeared to provide a source of appositional growth of the deciduoma. 3) The large, tightly packed, polyploid cells of the antimesometrial deciduoma showed morphological evidence of protein synthesis activity, an absence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and surface specializations suggestive of adhesion (adherens junctions), communication (gap junctions), and maintenance of an extensive surface area (lamellar processes). These cells came into very close apposition with capillary endothelial cells, which were seldom fenestrated, lacked any continuous basal lamina, and showed evidence of high metabolic activity. 4) The loosely packed mesometrial deciduoma contained a structurally supportive, "fixed" population of spiny cells and a "free" population of granulated cells and their putative precursors, together with a meshwork of large, sinusoidal capillaries whose endothelium was generally supported by a basal lamina. 5) The peripheral parts of the glycogenic area, which was structurally similar to the mesometrial deciduoma, contained many grossly enlarged intercellular spaces of undetermined function. The stromal cells at day 4, which give rise to all non-vascular elements except the granulated cells mentioned above, were structurally simple and fibrocyte-like. Only two distinct regions, subepithelial and deep, were recognizable. Capillaries at day 4 generally possessed a continuous endothelium, with a complete basal lamina and many pericytes. Between days 5 and 8, the stromal cells showed divergent forms of differentiation according to their position in the endometrium. Ultrastructural differentiation of the vasculature also showed divergence according to position, leading to the various types of capillaries seen at day 9. Regional variation, and high levels of structural organization, characterize the "programmed" decidual response in the pseudopregnant rat.
Occurrence of dehydroisoandrosterone glucuronoside in normal human urine.

The isolation of dehydroisoandrosterone glucuronoside from normal human urine is described. When dehydroisoandrosterone was isolated from the urinary glucuronoside fraction after the administration of tritiated ehydroisoandrosterone, its specific activity was much larger than that of dehydroisoandrosterone isolated from the sulfate fraction. This indicates that the urinary sulfate is derived not only from dehydroisoandrosterone but also from the sulfate itself, which appears to be secreted by the adrenals.
Coding and Compression: A Happy Union of Theory and Practice

The mathematical theory behind coding and compression began a little more than 50 years ago with the publication of Claude Shannon's (1948) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in the Bell Systems Technical Journal. This article laid the foundation for what is now known as information theory in a mathematical framework that is probabilistic (see, e.g., Cover and Thomas 1991; Verdui 1998); that is, Shannon modeled the signal or message process by a random process and a communication channel by a random transition matrix that may distort the message. In the five decades that followed, information theory provided fundamental limits for communication in general and coding and compression in particular. These limits, predicted by information theory under probabilistic models, are now being approached in real products such as computer modems. Because these limits or fundamental communication quantities, such as entropy and channel capacity, vary from signal process to signal process or from channel to channel, they must be estimated for each communication setup. In this sense, information theory is intrinsically statistical. Moreover, the algorithmic theory of information has inspired an extension of Shannon's ideas that provides a formal measure of information of the kind long sought in statistical inference and modeling. This measure has led to the minimum description length (MDL) principle for modeling in general and model selection in particular (Barron, Rissanen, and Yu 1998; Hansen and Yu 1998; Rissanen 1978, 1989). A coding or compression algorithm is used when one surfs the web, listens to a CD, uses a cellular phone, or works on a computer. In particular, when a music file is downloaded through the internet, a losslessly compressed file (often having a much smaller size) is transmitted instead of the original file. Lossless compression works because the music signal is statistically redundant, and this redundancy can be removed through statistical prediction. For digital signals, integer prediction can be easily done based on the past signals that are available to both the sender and receiver, and so we need to transmit only the residuals from the prediction. These residuals can be coded at a much lower rate than the original signal (see, e.g., Edler, Huang, Schuller, and Yu 2000).
Cartesian Sampling Of FID Data Using Oscillating Gradients

A new method of fast NMR imaging is proposed which uses oscillating gradients and also collects data on Cartesian coordinates. The method is a heuristic attempt at finding an optimal data collection strategy for NMR imaging. It is described in detail and its advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods are analyzed.
Alternating Antipyretics: Is This an Alternative?

Objectives. To identify current fever management strategies and their basis, and to assess the frequency of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Background. Practicing pediatricians confront the dilemma of elevated temperature and the anxiety this creates for parents. An informal survey of pediatricians revealed a variety of management strategies, including alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen. There are no scientific data regarding alternating these 2 products. Design. During professional meetings, pediatricians voluntarily filled out a 15-item questionnaire. Results. One hundred sixty-one completed surveys were reviewed. Respondents were mostly general pediatricians (67.7%), with ≥20 years in practice (55.9%). Most respondents chose a temperature of 101oF to start antipyretic treatment (61.9%). A small percentage used discomfort alone as the indication (13%). The antipyretic of choice was temperature-dependent in 50% of respondents; 57% used ibuprofen for temperature ≥102°F. Fifty percent of respondents advised parents to alternate acetaminophen and ibuprofen. The method of alternation varied. The most common answers given for choosing a particular antipyretic regime were recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (29%) and opinions of colleagues and mentors (25%). Physicians with Conclusion. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are commonly being used in an alternating manner for management of fever. There is presently no scientific evidence that this combination is safe or achieves faster antipyresis than either agent alone. There is evidence that the improper use of these agents may cause harm. Despite 29% of participants citing American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations as the basis for fever management, no such policy or recommendations exist. The observation that this practice is more common in younger practitioners may reflect their continued anxiety about fever (fever phobia). Until properly controlled studies have assessed the risk of combining these 2 products, practitioners should proceed with caution.
Current understanding of herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme

In this article evidence summarizing our present understanding of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) is reviewed. The numbers of circulating bone marrowderived CD34+ stem cells, including the subset that differentiates into skin antigen-presenting cells, known as Langerhans’ cells (LCs), are increased in patients with HAEM. During their circulation through a HSV-infected site, these cells become infected and sustain viral DNA fragmentation. The DNA fragments are subsequently deposited at distant skin sites where the HSV genes are expressed. Viral DNA polymerase (Pol) is the major gene product expressed in most (70–75%) HAEM lesions. Viral gene expression triggers the recruitment of HSV-specifi c CD4+ Th1 cells that respond to viral antigens by producing IFN-γ. Pol also induces a skin infl ammatory response that is based on molecular mimicry and upregulation/activation of the transcription factor SP-1 and its target genes TGF-β and Hsp27. This response is amplifi ed by IFN-γ a...
Decay function estimation for linear time delay systems via the Lambert W function

The estimation of the decay function (i.e., KeαtΦ; see equation (2)) for time delay systems has been a long-standing problem. Most existing methods focus on dominant decay rate (i.e., α) estimation, i.e., the estimation of the rightmost eigenvalue. Although some frequency domain approaches, such as bifurcation or finite dimensional approximation approaches are able to approximate the optimal decay rate computationally, the estimation of the factor, K, requires knowledge of the system trajectory over time and cannot be obtained from the frequency domain alone. The existing time domain approaches, such as matrix measure/norm or Lyapunov approaches, yield conservative estimates of decay rate. Furthermore, the factor K in the Lyapunov approaches is typically not optimized.A new Lambert W-function-based approach for estimation of the decay function for time delay systems is presented. This new approach is able to provide a closed-form solution for time delay systems in terms of an infinite series. Using this s...
Bending of thick angle-ply bimodular composite plates

References ^aderman, A. J., and Demetriades, A., "Turbulent Shear Stresses in Compressible Boundary Layers," AIAA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 7, 1979, p. 736. Demetriades, A., "Turbulence Measurements in an Axisymmetric Compressible Wake," Physics of Fluids, Vol. 11, No. 9, 1968, p. 1841. Demetriades, A., "New Experiments on Hypersonic Boundary Layer Stability Including Wall Temperature Effects," Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Inst., Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA, 1978, p. 39. Bellhouse, B. J., and Bellhouse, F. H., "Thin-Film Gauges for Measurement of Velocity or Skin Friction in Air, Water, or Blood," Journal of Physics £.: Scientific Instruments, Vol. 1, 1968, Series 2, pp. 1211-1213. Demetriades, A., Munger, C. O., and Anders, S. G., "Hot Film Anemometer Probes for High-Temperature Hypersonic Research," Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, MSU SWT TR 89 01, March 1989. Hinze, J. O., Turbulence, 1st ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959, p. 78. Hertel, P. S., "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Small Configuration Hot-Wires in Low Reynolds Number Subsonic and Supersonic Air Flows," Master's Thesis, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, March 1985. Dewey, C. F., Jr., "A Correlation of Convective Heat Transfer and Recovery Temperature Data for Cylinders in Compressible Flow," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 8, Feb. 1965, pp. 245-252. Seiner, J. M., "The Wedge Hot-Film Anemometer in Supersonic Flow," NASA TP-2134, May 1983, p. 56. Morkovin, M. V., "Fluctuations and Hot-Wire Aneomometry in Compressible Flows," AGARDograph 24, Paris, France, 1956. Bending of Thick Angle-Ply Bimodular Composite Plates
Quoth the Raven: carbon monoxide and nothing more

The articles contained in this review series exemplify the diverse applications and succinct biological relevance of this simple gas. Articles summarizing the important effects of carbon monoxide in preventing the rejection of an organ, in its neuroprotective properties in piglets, regulation of mycobacterial growth, in its anti-inflammatory effects in the gut and in its use in new and innovative modalities and avenues by which to harness adjuvant therapies are eloquently and precisely described and reviewed. Each of these reports offers but a glimpse of continued prudent and sound evidence that this simple diatomic gas offers astonishingly potent and extremely diverse biological and medicinal qualities.
Supervising the Countertransference Reactions of Case Managers

Abstract Most of the literature on countertransference in clinical social work practice is based on assumptions that the relationship between the client and practitioner is structured and formal. These assumptions do not apply in community-based case management practice, where the social worker and client interact in a variety of settings and circumstances. Additionally, the complex problems of clients who have serious mental illnesses may evoke a range of conscious and unconscious reactions from social workers that must be acknowledged for appropriate intervention to occur. In this paper key principles for the supervisor's recognition and management of countertransference are presented and discussed. Case illustrations are included.
JCAHO Nutrition Care Standards Adopted For Home Care

Like the 1995 JCAHO Standards for hospitals, the Accreditation Manual for Home Care (AMHC) emphasizes nutrition.The JCAHO is focusing accreditation on the actual performance of governance, managerial, clinical, and support functions within organizations that directly and significantly affect the quality of patient care. This Agenda for Change consists of three sets of interlinked initiatives: reformulation of JCAHO standards, redesign of the survey process, and development of performance measures that will lead to the use of an interactive indicator data base. The reformulation of the standards is initially being achieved through reorganization of the AMHC into chapters that represent "important functions"—those that influence patient care outcomes the most.The 1995 AMHC consists of two sections, with chapters related to direct (Section 1) and indirect (Section 2) care. Each chapter has a preamble that includes goals and essential processes that make up the function. The standards are accompanied by expan...
From Geocycles to Genomes and Back

A holy grail for environmental microbiologists is being able to predict the effects of any given microbial community on a particular environment. In an era of increasingly dramatic changes in global climate, this goal is becoming evermore important. It is now well accepted that microorganisms have had and continue to have a profound influence on shaping the chemistry of the Earth. It would thus be both intellectually satisfying and practically useful if we could enumerate the microbial players in a specific locale, and, knowing their metabolic potential and how they regulate their various metabolisms, make predictions about how their presence would shape the geochemistry of that locale as it evolves in time.
Salient Vestiture and Morphological Characters of the Pharate Female Bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

The pharate adult female bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth), encased in the pupal shell in its larval bag, has a previously unreported distinctive vestiture that is important in reproduction as well as other surface features that may be important taxonomically. Lateral and ventral surfaces of the thorax, and anterior surface of abdominal segment I have dense elliptical tufts of loosely attached amber-colored hair-scales that dispense pheromone. Abdominal segment VII and the posterior part of VI have a dense tuft of upright hair-scales that are persistent unless the female is mated. Anterior scales of the thorax and posterior hair-scales of segment VII are hexagonal, possess a lumen, and arise from uniform cuticular sockets. Posterior scales are dense, uniformly distributed, and lack an elliptical twist. The opisthognathous head is devoid of scales and is reduced. Anterior tentorial pits are prominent. Compound eyes are formed from two separate or contiguous groups of loosely associated ommatidia. A dense band of upright obovate lamellar scales with irregular sockets encircles abdominal segments I to VI and are shed and compressed by the female to form a plug protecting the eggs in the pupal case.
Effects of the Conjugated Equine Estrogen/Bazedoxifene Tissue-Selective Estrogen Complex (TSEC) on Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer in Mice

A tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC), combining a selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene (BZA), with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), represents a novel strategy of menopausal hormone therapy without involving a progestin. We hypothesized that the antiestrogenic properties of BZA can also block the estrogenic effects of CEE on breast tissue and thereby prevent breast cancer in women. To test our hypothesis, the effects of estradiol (E(2)), CEE, and BZA on mammary gland and breast cancer xenografts were assessed in mouse models. In immature castrate mice, BZA completely blocked CEE- or E(2)-stimulated ductal and terminal end bud growth of mammary gland as well as estrogen-responsive gene expression. As a positive control, E(2) stimulated tumor growth in nude mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts. This effect was completely blocked by BZA as were E(2)-stimulated expression of PR, pS2 (trefoil factor 1), cMyc, and AREG; the enhancement of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); and the antiapoptotic effect. CEE was much less potent than E(2) in stimulating Ki67, reducing apoptosis, and stimulating gene expression, but all effects were blocked by BZA. Unexpectedly, CEE alone, even at high doses, did not stimulate tumor growth. As confirmation of its absorption and deconjugation, CEE caused a 6-fold increase in uterine weight and stimulation of gene expression. These data support our hypothesis that the net effect of the CEE/BZA TSEC is to block estrogen action in benign and malignant breast tissue. These findings provide a rationale for a clinical study to determine whether this TSEC prevents breast cancer in women.
Effect of Inhaled Ultrafine Carbon Particles on the Allergic Airway Response in Ragweed-Sensitized Dogs

Episodic increases in air pollution have been associated with the exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Ultrafine particles are a component of air pollution and may be involved in causing the adverse health effects associated with high air pollution. We evaluated the effects of ultrafine particle inhalation on immune and airway responses in a beagle dog model of allergic asthma. Six allergic (ragweed sensitive) and six nonallergic dogs were exposed to ultrafine carbon particles (232.3 +/- 2.5 microg/m(3), 35.2 +/- 0.3 nm) for 1 h, followed by a challenge with vehicle (water) as a negative control. Airway resistance was measured during particle exposure and after vehicle challenge. Immune responses 3 days before and after (1 h and 1, 4, 7, and 11 days) particle exposure were assessed by measuring total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and ragweed-specific IgE and IgG in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and cell differentials in BALF. Each dog was exposed a second time to ultrafine carbon particles (251.4 +/- 5.3 microg/m(3), 34.9 +/- 0.5 nm) for 1 h followed by a challenge with ragweed and the same measurements. Airway resistance did not change during particle exposure in any of the dogs, and ragweed-induced airway reactivity was not altered by particle exposure. Total and ragweed-specific serum IgE and total IgE in BALF were higher in allergic dogs at all time points. Particle exposure did not affect antibody levels in serum or BALF in allergic dogs. Nonallergic dogs developed specific IgG in response to multiple inhalation exposures to ragweed, but this was not associated with particle exposure. Neutrophils were elevated in BALF for all groups 1 day after particle exposure. In conclusion, despite the induction of low level inflammation in the lungs of allergic and nonallergic dogs, exposure to ultrafine carbon particles did not alter airway reactivity or immune responses.
Experimental validation of a robust steering assist controller on a driving simulator

A PC-based driving simulator is used to conduct human-in-the-loop experiments to evaluate a steering assist controller. The experimental data is analyzed using both time domain and frequency domain metrics. The preliminary simulator data shows promising results for the proposed steering assist controller.
Effect of orally administered isoleucine with and without glucose on insulin, glucagon and glucose concentrations in non-diabetic subjects

Summary Objective The objective of the present study was to determine the degree to which ingested isoleucine modified the glucose, insulin and glucagon responses to ingested glucose. Design Nine healthy subjects were studied on 4 separate occasions. Plasma isoleucine, glucose, insulin, glucagon, and total alpha amino nitrogen were measured at various times during a 2.5 h period after ingestion of isoleucine (1 mmol/kg lean body mass), 25 g glucose, isoleucine + glucose, or water alone, given in random order. Results Following isoleucine ingestion, the isoleucine concentration increased ∼24-fold. The glucose decreased, the insulin remained unchanged. When isoleucine was ingested with glucose the increase in isoleucine was less, insulin increased, and the maximum concentration was 43% higher than that following ingestion of glucose alone. The glucose concentration increase was less and it decreased more rapidly following isoleucine + glucose, compared to glucose alone. Consequently, the glucose area response was markedly attenuated (61%). Isoleucine had little effect on the glucagon concentration. Conclusion Isoleucine per se does not stimulate a rise in insulin and has little effect on glucagon but does decrease the glucose concentration. It synergizes with ingested glucose in stimulating insulin secretion and in decreasing the glucose response.
Self-assembly of end-tethered nanorods in a neat system and role of block fractions and aspect ratio

We report a computational study of the self-assembly of end-tethered nanorods in a neat system (no solvent). We present morphological phase diagrams for low and moderate aspect ratio rods as a function of inverse temperature vs. relative tether fraction. Our simulations predict that the end-tethered rods self-assemble into hexagonally arranged chiral cylinders, hexagonally perforated lamellae, monolayer and bilayer arrowhead structures and wavy lamellae. For high aspect ratio tethered nanorods and small tether fractions, we observe that the tethered nanorods self-assemble into smectic and zig-zag lamellar morphologies.
An Improved Method for Demagnetizing Rocks in Alternating Magnetic Fields

Summary A new alternating field demagnetization apparatus is described which produces peak fields of up to 200 milliweber m-’ (2 000 gauss). Use is made of a special infinitely variable transformer to raise and lower the current in the demagnetizing solenoid. The apparatus has been made completely automatic which considerably speeds up routine demagnetizing procedures in palaeomagnetic investigations. Some discussion is given of the most suitable tumbling arrangement for the rock specimen and it is suggested that tumbling ratios of either 8 : 15 or 11 : 16 have some advantage over those used by other workers.
Why Does Government Preserve Lame Ducks

The paradoxical behaviour of governments in preserving patently outmoded methods of production has previously been explained by the concentration of benefits from intervention compared with the diffusion of the costs, and by unwillingness to lose votes in marginal constituencies. Laurence Copeland, at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, suggests that the probable visibility of the ‘finger on the button’ is a more likely cause of the preservation of economic wildlife and calls for a policy of industrial disengagement by the Government to complement its financial strategy.
Polarized binding of lipoprotein lipase to endothelial cells. Implications for its physiological actions.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) that is associated with the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells hydrolyzes circulating lipoprotein triglyceride molecules. Because LPL is synthesized by cells on the abluminal side of endothelial cells, LPL must contact both the abluminal as well as the luminal sides of the endothelium. To determine whether LPL interacts identically with apical (luminal) and basolateral (abluminal) sides of endothelial cells, we investigated binding, transport, and cellular uptake of LPL presented to each side of bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers grown on semipermeable filters. When LPL was included in the medium on either the apical or basolateral side of the cells, a similar amount of LPL was found in the medium on the opposite side of the cells. Heat-inactivated LPL crossed the monolayers more rapidly in both directions. When cell surface LPL was assessed, more LPL bound to the apical than the basolateral endothelial cell surface. Release of cell surface-associated LPL was assessed with the use of heparin. Less heparin was required to dissociate apical-surface LPL. When LPL (4 micrograms/ml) was in contact with the apical surface for 1 hour, 32.8 +/- 4.9 ng LPL per 24-mm filter were internalized by the cells. If the LPL was in the basolateral medium, only 6 +/- 1.8 ng LPL were found inside the cells. Heat inactivation decreased LPL binding to cell surfaces and internalization by the cells. LPL interactions with the cells were also studied morphologically by using Texas Red (TR)-labeled LPL and confocal microscopy. More TR-LPL was associated with and internalized by the apical endothelial surface. Incubation of cells with TR-LPL in the basolateral medium led to accumulation of LPL on the apical surface, suggesting that the LPL was transported across the cells. Inclusion of TR-LPL on the apical surface did not lead to appreciable accumulation of LPL on the basolateral cell surface. Therefore, endothelial cells are polarized to accumulate LPL on the apical surface. In addition, more LPL is internalized from this side of the cells. We postulate that the polarity of endothelial cells allows LPL to collect at its physiological site of action, i.e., on the luminal surface.
Gene Identification Using the Z-Curve Representation

DSP based techniques have been recently proposed to identify the protein coding regions in a DNA strand by detecting the so-called period-3 component in the DNA spectrum. The DNA spectrum is computed after mapping the DNA symbolic sequence to numerical digital sequences. A typical choice of mapping is the Voss Representation. In this paper, we propose the use of a more elaborate mapping scheme, namely the Ƶ-curve representation. Using a multirate signal processing approach, we derive closed form expressions to compute the Ƶ-curve based DNA spectrum as well as mathematical conditions that characterize the coding regions. The derived formulas also prove that the Ƶ-curve representation yields essentially the same DNA spectrum as the one obtained using the Voss representation at a lower computational cost.
Are ambient SO 2 levels a valid indicator of projected acid gas filter life

The requirement to extend existing lithography equipment working levels and life has required manufacturers and end users to extend their filtration requirements beyond airborne base gases. Due to the effect acid gases can have on optics, masks, reticles, steppers, wafers, and metrology tools, they have become a more important molecular airborne contaminate to remove from inside a fab. SO 2 is known to be especially problematic within the cleanroom and exposure tool environment. However, a host of other molecular acids can also be found, some of which are present at considerably higher concentrations; the most prevalent of which are oxides of nitrogen, NO x . Although the removal of NO x contaminants is currently not considered to be as critical as SO 2 , its presence can have a significant impact on acid gas sensitive applications. Several of these applications are addressed in this work in order to point out that NO x contaminants do pose a problem, especially when considering the performance of acid gas chemical filters. More importantly, this preliminary work puts forth the recommendation that in addition to SO 2 , the concentration of other acid gases should be taken into account when acid gas chemical filter efficiency and life estimates are being made.
Capacity Building and Districts’ Decision to Implement Coaching Initiatives

The United States has experienced tremendous growth in the development of coaching initiatives including professional training programs, state endorsements and resources for coaches. These developments bring attention to the potential for coaching to improve education. They also raise the question of how best to facilitate implementation in local districts. One approach is to build capacity for coaching in schools and districts. Capacity building, as a policy tool, can facilitate the skills and knowledge necessary to engage in new practices. To understand the influence of capacity building efforts on districts’ decision to implement coach initiatives, this study examines how one Regional School District (RSD) worked to build capacity for literacy coaching among its 20 constituent districts. Data were collected through annual interviews with administrators in all 20 districts over three years. To analyze the data, I employed Weiss’ decisionmaking framework, which examines the influence of ideology, interests and information on policy positions and decision outcomes (1983). Findings suggest that the RSD’s ongoing capacity building efforts influenced districts’ decision to implement coach roles, even in districts that initially expressed no interest in coaching. This study provides insights into the utility of capacity building for implementing coach roles and into the “politics” behind coaching initiatives.
Collaborators and national memory: The creation of the encyclopedia of pro-Japanese collaborators in Korea:

The transition of historical actors from forgotten figures to subjects of reproach for their deeds is central to understanding the power of memory movements. In this article, we examine the public ...
What Happens When Special Issues Just Aren't “Special” Anymore?

Are special issues becoming “too much of a good thing” in elite general management journals? Although a few special issues might serve to spur innovative research in important areas of management s...
Solubilization and Reconstitution of ATP Synthase Activity from Chlamydomonasreinhardtii Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes

The chloroplast thylakoid ATP synthase (CF0-CF1) has been isolated from several sources (1) and appears to contain at least 8 different subunits. Unlike the enzyme complex from E. coli (2), the subunit stoichiometry of the ATP synthase from thylakoids has not been established. Since the F0-F1 type enzymes most likely share a common mechanism for ATP synthesis, it is pertinent to determine the subunit identity and stoichiometry of the enzyme complex from chloroplast thylakoids, particularly because the composition of other eukaryotic ATP synthases appears to be different from that found in the prokaryote E. coli (3). We have chosen the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as our source of thylakoid membranes and CF0-CF1 because this organism is suitable for mass culture, mutagenesis, and genetic analysis (4) and serves as a model photosynthetic system for vascular plants.
Faculty and resident evaluations of medical students on a surgery clerkship correlate poorly with standardized exam scores

Abstract Background The clinical knowledge of medical students on a surgery clerkship is routinely assessed via subjective evaluations from faculty members and residents. Interpretation of these ratings should ideally be valid and reliable. However, prior literature has questioned the correlation between subjective and objective components when assessing students' clinical knowledge. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional data were collected from medical student records at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine from July 2009 through June 2011. Surgical faculty members and residents rated students' clinical knowledge on a 5-point, Likert-type scale. Interrater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients for students with ≥4 attending surgeon evaluations (n = 216) and ≥4 resident evaluations (n = 207). Convergent validity was assessed by correlating average evaluation ratings with scores on the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) clinical subject examination for surgery. Average resident and attending surgeon ratings were also compared by NBME quartile using analysis of variance. Results There were high degrees of reliability for resident ratings (intraclass correlation coefficient, .81) and attending surgeon ratings (intraclass correlation coefficient, .76). Resident and attending surgeon ratings shared a moderate degree of variance (19%). However, average resident ratings and average attending surgeon ratings shared a small degree of variance with NBME surgery examination scores (ρ 2 ≤ .09). When ratings were compared among NBME quartile groups, the only significant difference was for residents' ratings of students with the lower 25th percentile of scores compared with the top 25th percentile of scores ( P = .007). Conclusions Although high interrater reliability suggests that attending surgeons and residents rate students with consistency, the lack of convergent validity suggests that these ratings may not be reflective of actual clinical knowledge. Both faculty members and residents may benefit from training in knowledge assessment, which will likely increase opportunities to recognize deficiencies and make student evaluation a more valuable tool.
Oxide‐based ORR catalysts

The reaction pathways on Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid and alkaline solution are compared with those on metallic transition-metal oxides. These reactions are distinguished from those that occur at high temperature at an oxide/air interface of an oxygen-permeation membrane or the cathode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Distinctions are made between polaronic, vibronic, and metallic electronic conductivity in oxides, and the influences of counter cation on the conductivity are pointed out for oxides like the AMO3 perovskites and A2M2O6O′ pyrochlores, where M is the transition-metal atom responsible for electron transport. Mixed oxide-ion and electronic conductors (MIECs) are used as permeation membranes or as cathodes of a SOFC. The criteria for oxide-ion conductivity in an oxide-ion electrolyte are reviewed; the same criteria apply for MIECs. The ORR takes place at the cathode of an electrochemical cell, and gas-diffusion cathodes operating with aqueous electrolytes contain as catalyst Pt or an oxide dispersed on teflon-bonded, stabilized carbon. Dispersed Pt is compared with Pb2[Ir2−xPbx]O6O′1−y pyrochlore for an acidic electrolyte. Perovskites are used in alkaline solution, and a bifunctional ORR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is used in secondary metal/air batteries. Performance curves for perovskites and pyrochlores are compared. Finally, the criteria for choosing a MIEC as a SOFC cathode or an oxygen-permeation membrane are given and the performances of several of them are compared. Keywords: gas-diffusion cathodes; metallic oxides; solid electrolytes; perovskites; pyrochlores; bifunctional catalysts; fuel cells; metal/air batteries; permeation membranes
Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas are diagnostically controversial, as there is a lack of consensus regarding diagnostic criteria. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas usually occur in older patients (>50 years) and are more common in Italy and Latin America (4–7 % of thyroid carcinomas) and less common in the United States. These tumors are morphologically and prognostically intermediate between well-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. An operational pathologic definition offered in 2007 included insular and trabecular variants, but not solid lesions or more differentiated tumors that may have a poor prognosis, such as tall cell, columnar, diffuse sclerosing, and oncocytic lesions. At a consensus conference in Turin in 2006, 12 thyroid pathologists evaluated 83 tumors without knowledge of clinical parameters and devised a diagnostic algorithm for the diagnosis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma to include “(1) presence of a solid/trabecular/insular pattern of growth, (2) absence of the conventional nuclear features of papillary carcinoma, and (3) presence of at least one of the following features: convoluted nuclei; mitotic activity ≥3×10 HPF [high-power fields]; and tumor necrosis.”
Infants gaze pattern analyzing using contrast entropy minimization

Statistical relationships between human vision and natural scene statistics have been addressed. Contrast is fundamental image property. We proposed that infant visual exploration and learning development could be analyzed using contrast entropy minimization. Ten infants viewed 16 naturalistic images. Fixations of the infants were recorded. Infant gaze patterns are compared between individual infants. Infants are compared to the fixations predicted by the contrast entropy minimization. The results show that infant tends to have different gaze patterns, and infant entropy drops gradually as fixations are made.
Outcome of genetic evaluation of patients with kidney cancer referred for suspected hereditary cancer syndromes

Abstract Objective To analyze patients with kidney cancer referred for evaluation at a high-volume genetics service at a comprehensive cancer center and identify factors associated with positive tests for hereditary cancer syndromes. Methods A retrospective review of patients referred to the Clinical Genetics Service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center was performed, and patients with a personal history of kidney cancer were identified. Patient and disease characteristics were reviewed. In all, 4 variables including age at diagnosis of kidney tumor, presence of syndromic manifestations, family history of kidney cancer, and number of primary malignancies were evaluated for association with positive test results in 2 groups: patients tested for renal cell carcinoma syndromes and Lynch syndrome. Guidance for genetic testing strategy in patients with kidney cancer is provided. Results Between 1999 and 2012, 120 patients with a history of kidney cancer were evaluated by the Clinical Genetics Service. The mean age at kidney cancer diagnosis was 52 years (interquartile range: 42–63), with 57% being women. A family history of kidney cancer was reported by 39 patients (33%). Time between diagnosis of first cancer and genetic consultation was 5 years in the remaining 23%. Overall, 95 patients were tested for genetic abnormalities with 27 (28%) testing positive. Testing for renal cell carcinoma (RCC)-related syndromes was performed on 43 patients, with 13 testing positive (30%). Lynch syndrome testing was positive in 9 patients (32%) after 28 were tested. In RCC-associated syndromes, young age of diagnosis was associated with positive test results. Conversely, syndromic manifestations and increasing number of primary malignancies were associated with positive Lynch testing. Conclusions The discovery of inherited kidney cancer syndromes has provided a unique opportunity to identify patients at increased risk for cancer. Factors associated with positive genetic testing are unique to different syndromes. These data suggest that in kidney cancer patients evaluated for hereditary cancer syndromes, young age is associated with diagnosis of RCC syndromes, whereas syndromic manifestations and multiple primaries are found in Lynch syndrome. These results, along with clinical awareness, may be useful for practicing urologists to select patients with kidney cancer to refer for genetic counseling.
Microbial manganese reduction by enrichment cultures from coastal marine sediments.

Manganese reduction was catalyzed by enrichment cultures of anaerobic bacteria obtained from coastal marine sediments. In the absence of oxygen, these enrichment cultures reduced manganates when grown on either lactate, succinate, or acetate in both sulfate-free and sulfate-containing artificial seawaters. Sodium azide as well as oxygen completely inhibited microbial manganese reduction by these enrichment cultures, whereas molybdate had no effect on them. The addition of nitrate to the medium slightly decreased the rate of Mn2+ production by these enrichment cultures. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the manganese-reducing organisms in these enrichment cultures use manganates as terminal electron acceptors and couple manganese reduction in some way to the oxidation of organic matter.
Bailey’s Transform, Lemma, Chains and Tree

In this paper we shall provide a brief survey of the work begun by L. J. Rogers and W. N. Bailey which has led to an iterative method for producing infinite chains of (q-series identities. Apart from providing the reader with leads to the study of previous accomplishments, we shall emphasize the importance of examination of the seminal works in order to discern topics open to further development. This will lead us directly to a new construct: the Bailey tree.
Reaction Time as a Physiological Process in Fourth Grade Students

This project was designed to educate fourth grade students on the importance of understanding physiology as a sub-project of the American Physiological Society's PhUn Week. The fourth graders at Dixie Bee Elementary school were exposed to the importance of reaction time and how proprioception and nerve conduction velocity impact reaction time in all individuals. The initial information was presented in an interactive education seminar and then demonstration occurred using applied technology (Biopac MP40). The Biopac MP40 is an interactive tool that helps to show data via the electrical signal released by the nerve and picked up by electrodes, all integrated on a laptop computer. Reaction time activity was obtained synchronizing two signals by Biopac MP40: 1) acoustic signal, via headphones, and 2) electric signal from finger extensors by placing the electrodes on the forearm. The MP40 system integrates both signals determining reaction time. The students were then challenged to perform their reaction time...
A Re-examination of the Farm Diversification Problem

The problem of selecting combinations of enterprises for farms is similar in nature to the portfolio problem for the investor. That is, when net incomes from farm enterprises are viewed in probabilistic terms and the farmer is assumed to be endowed with a particular amount of land, the problem of selecting an optimal mix of enterprises can be interpreted as a special case of the portfolio problem. Recognition of the similarity of the two problems provides a basis for applying the results of recent research in portfolio analysis to studying farm diversification. In particular, the separation theorem and its immediate corollaries suggest a solution to the farm diversification problem under rather general conditions regarding both the decision maker's preference for risk and the feasible set determined by alternative mixes of enterprises. An application of this theorem to the farm diversification problem is made in this article, and a number of extensions which improve the usefulness of the results are suggested.
EFFECTS OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ASIA ON EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF EDOXABAN COMPARED TO WARFARIN: INSIGHTS FROM THE ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 TRIAL

ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 was a randomized controlled trial in 21,105 patients with atrial fibrillation that showed edoxaban was at least as efficacious as warfarin (W) while reducing bleeding. We compared results in Japan with the rest of East Asia (EA). We compared the clinical characteristics, time-in-
Availability of Mental Health Services Prior to Health Care Reform Insurance Expansions

Objectives:This study sought to examine psychiatrists’ perceptions of gaps in the availability of mental health and substance use services and their ability to spend sufficient time and provide eno...
Application on data analysis of communicable diseases with correspondence analysis

Objective:To explore the interrelationship between principal communicable disease in A and B groups in Jiangsu province and age,sex by correspondence analysis.Methods:Correspondence analysis was used in dealing with the data of the first ten communicable diseases sorted by incident rate in Jiangsu province,during 2004~2006.Results:The factor that sex had non-significant statistical correlations both with the diseases and the age.Children and juvenile with 0-14 years old are prone to contact both measles and scarlet fever;aged people above 60 years old had more chances to onset of phthisis;adults from 20 to 49 years old were vulnerable to some kinds of diseases such as hepatitis B,gonorrhea and syphilis;there was no statistical difference in all age groups on the incident rate of diarrhea;and adults above 20 years old also had higher risk of suffering from hepatitis A.Conclusion:Preventive measures should be done for indicating communicable diseases in terms of frequency of incidence in different age groups.Correspondence analysis is available in dealing with data of communicable diseases.
Rapid characterization of diphacinone and chlorophacinone in rodenticide bait by an ion trap mass spectrometry

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous characterization of diphacinone and chlorophacinone in rodenticide baits by an ion trap mass spectrometry.Methods: After the rodenticide baits were extracted by acetone and cleaned by solid-phase extraction(SPE) cartridges,the MS/MS cracking was performed by an ion trap mass spectrometry with direct injection.Qualitative detection was carried out by the principle of mass spectrometry analysis of three qualitative ions.Results: The MS/MS fragment ions,which cracked from their molecular ions,had good characteristics and stability under the suitable instrument conditions,the cracking ways to the precursor ions and product ions were clear.Qualitative ion pairs were m/z 339→167 and m/z 339→145 for diphacinone,m/z 373→201 and m/z 373→145 for chlorophacinone,and the MS/MS cracking mechanisms were elucidated.Conclusion: This established method is simple,and suitable for rapid analysis of diphacinone and chlorophacinone in rodenticide baits.
Knock-in Luciferase Reporter Mice for In Vivo Monitoring of CREB Activity

The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is induced during fasting in the liver, where it stimulates transcription of rate-limiting gluconeogenic genes to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Adenoviral and transgenic CREB reporters have been used to monitor hepatic CREB activity non-invasively using bioluminescence reporter imaging. However, adenoviral vectors and randomly inserted transgenes have several limitations. To overcome disadvantages of the currently used strategies, we created a ROSA26 knock-in CREB reporter mouse line (ROSA26-CRE-luc). cAMP-inducing ligands stimulate the reporter in primary hepatocytes and myocytes from ROSA26-CRE-luc animals. In vivo, these animals exhibit little hepatic CREB activity in the ad libitum fed state but robust induction after fasting. Strikingly, CREB was markedly stimulated in liver, but not in skeletal muscle, after overnight voluntary wheel-running exercise, uncovering differential regulation of CREB in these tissues under catabolic states. The ROSA26-CRE-luc mouse line is a useful resource to study dynamics of CREB activity longitudinally in vivo and can be used as a source of primary cells for analysis of CREB regulatory pathways ex vivo.