cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Electron Energy-Loss Studies of Metal Oxides

Studies of ordered MgO and NiO have been carried out by synthesizing ultra-thin films under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions via evaporating Mg and Ni onto Mo(100) in the presence of oxygen. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) studies indicate that the films grow epitaxially with their (100) faces oriented parallel to Mo(100). The MgO and NiO films, prepared under optimum synthesis conditions, have essentially one-to-one stoichiometry, are nearly free from point-like surface defects, and have properties essentially identical to their bulk, single-crystal counterpart. Molecular adsorption onto the films has been studied using High-Resolution Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). In order to circumvent the difficulty associated with intense multiple surface optical phonon (Fuchs-Kliewer modes) losses, a new approach to acquisition of HREELS data has been demonstrated. This new approach enables the direct observation of weak loss features due to excitation of the adsorbates without serious interference from multiple phonon losses.
Syndromes and Congenital Anomalies

Children may present to voice, swallow, and aerodigestive clinics with known syndrome diagnoses, or in some cases speech-language pathologists and otolaryngologists may be the first medical professionals to note a constellation of symptoms that lead to genetic testing and diagnosis. In either situation, it is important to have a basic understanding of some of the more common syndromes and congenital anomalies associated with laryngeal and airway abnormalities. This is not a comprehensive list, but is designed to give clinicians an overview of some of the syndromes they are most likely to see in clinic.
Chapter 6 – Scanning nano-Raman spectroscopy of silicon and other semiconducting materials

Publisher Summary The chapter presents an overview of developments in the side-illumination tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) technique, and applications of TERS for the characterization of semiconducting materials and structures. The nano-Raman system was modified to measure optical properties of the tips using the principle of total internal reflection microscopy. The signal in TERS consists of two components, including the background signal coming from the entire laser-illuminated spot and the locally enhanced signal that comes from the nanoscale region in the vicinity of the tip. An important parameter for apertureless near-field optics is the enhancement of the signal provided by the tip. Enhancement is an increase in the Raman signal intensity in the small volume around the tip caused by the plasmon resonance of the tip. The experimental realization of optimum resonant enhancement conditions in TERS requires the measurement of the wavelength-dependent optical response of the tip apex. TERS can be effectively applied for the analysis of thin films.
Reopening the Black Box of Capitalist Dictatorship: Indicators and Aggregate Indexes for OECD Countries

This paper centers on the problem of capitalist dictatorship or its equivalents. It first constructs an aggregate index of capitalist dictatorship by combining its multiple indicators and proxies. Next, it calculates aggregate indexes of capitalist dictatorship for 36 OECD countries and rank these in these terms and conversely in respect of economic-political democracy. In addition, it estimates the effect of groups of contemporary societies or types of capitalism on capitalist dictatorship. Based on the findings of an exploratory analysis the paper infers that Western and comparable societies show large and systematic variations in their degrees of capitalist dictatorship. It concludes that the societal type of uncoordinated and inegalitarian, including oligarchic and plutocratic, capitalism is the man determinant and predictor of capitalist dictatorship today. The paper intends to contribute to understanding and predicting recent as well as long-term economic, political and other social processes among contemporary capitalist societies.
Uptake of online HIV-related continuing medical education training among primary care providers in Southeast United States, 2017-2018.

Primary care providers play a vital role for HIV prevention and care in high burden areas of the Southeast United States. Studies reveal that only a third of these providers had previous HIV-relate...
Walking the Walk: Does Perceptual Congruence Between Managers and Employees Promote Employee Job Satisfaction?:

Public managers and employees should be on the same page for successful performance. Managers’ self-evaluations of their own management, however, often do not match employees’ evaluations. Despite the consistent findings of a discrepancy between managers’ and employees’ perceptions of management, little research has examined how this perceptual incongruence affects employee job satisfaction. The present study addresses this question using parallel surveys from both managers and employees in the context of public education. The findings suggest managers overestimate their management effectiveness in general. As the perceptual gap between managers and employees increases, employees are less likely to be satisfied with their organization and their profession. We also find that this relationship is nonlinear, and the negative effects of incongruence could be accelerated when employees have considerable consensus about management. This study highlights the role of perceptual congruence in creating a better work environment and promoting job satisfaction for public employees.
Teaching Sexual History Taking in Health Care Using Online Technology: A PLISSIT-Plus Zoom Approach During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Shutdown.

Abstract Aim Cancellation of university classes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic challenges teaching inperson sexual history–taking skills to medical, physician assistant, and nursing students. We used commercial online electronic services for medical students to learn sexual history–taking skills. Methods A total of 174 medical students viewed a lecture on sexual history taking and the PLISSIT model (Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestion, Intensive Therapy) and were then randomized into dyads. They arranged a time to meet online on Zoom with their partner, chose a simple sexual history case-history (male or female) from a small selection, and recorded the 5- to 6-minute sexual history within a 1-week time frame. Each student played a “provider” or “patient” and then switched roles with a new case. One of the course tutors, all sexual health practitioners, downloaded 10 videos randomly assigned to them asynchronously and viewed and commented on the interaction of each “provider” along with comments on what to improve in the sexual history. 2 weeks later after the remainder of the lectures in the course, a second, more complex set of 8 cases were provided, so students could move at their comfort pace and choose 1. Main Outcome Measure Students were required to make 1 online post and 1 comment on another student's post for each case, on the experience, and associated issues arising, positive or negative. All comments were downloaded and analyzed by theme. Results Major themes included developing comfort in using sexual language, using simpler sexual terms suitable for patients, feeling confidence and mastery, excitement using technology developing clinical skills, surprise watching their performances and body language, observation of how they appeared to the “patient,” organizing sexual histories and incorporating PLISSIT model, ability to ask about context and relationships, and seeing the exercise as building on existing clinical skills training. Some expressed anxiety and nervousness, which by the second case had largely or completely dissipated. Conclusion A readily replicable, secure, cheap cloud-based model to integrate sexual history training asynchronously was provided, with tutors’ comments, and student skills development, and performance evaluated. Ross MW, Newstrom N, Coleman E. Teaching Sexual History Taking in Health Care Using Online Technology: A PLISSIT-Plus Zoom Approach During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Shutdown. Sex Med 2021;9:100290
Outcomes of Ventricular Assist Device Use for Bridge to Heart Transplant in Children with Single-Ventricle Heart Disease

Purpose As the use of pediatric ventricular assist devices (VAD) has increased, more children are being supported with VADs for single-ventricle heart disease (SVD). Little is known about outcomes for this rapidly growing population of advanced HF patients. We sought to examine trends in VAD use for SVD and to assess outcomes. Methods Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) data were used to identify all children ≤21 years who underwent VAD placement between 2004 and 2020 for SVD. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to identify risk factors for mortality defined as death or clinical deterioration. Results Of 1955 children with SVD, 315 were supported with an MCS device (145 SVADs and 170 ECMO only). Of the SVADs, 142 (97%) received an SVAD alone as the primary device, 2 (1%) received BIVADs and 1 (1%) a TAH. The most common VAD brands were the Berlin Heart EXCOR (N=44, 30%), the CentriMag/PediMag (N=40, 28%), Heartware HVAD (N=35, 24%), and the CentriMag/PediMag (ZZ%) and the Heartmate III (N=8, 6%). Since 2011 (when complete VAD survival data become available), overall survival to HT was 62% of whom 58% reached transplant; 38% died or deteriorated, and 2% recovered. Survival was significantly worse compared to pediatric VAD patients supported for DCM and comparable to patients supported for 2-ventricle CHD (P=0.79) (Find). Survival to transplant was highest for adult continuous flow devices (77%) and lower for the CentriMag/PediMag system (63%) and the Berlin Heart EXCOR (63%). Conclusion VAD outcomes for bridge to transplant for single-ventricle heart disease patients are similar to other forms of 2-ventricle CHD but inferior to DCM. The highest survival appears to be in patients receiving adult CF devices with room for improvement in smaller patients receiving non-dischargeable devices.
Autonomous and Composable M&S System of Systems with the Simulation, Experimentation, Analytics and Testing (Seat) Framework

A simulation System of Systems (SoS) comprised of various simulation systems may have dissimilar modeling paradigms. For performing autonomy research and development, various types of simulation systems need to be brought together to build a multi-domain virtual SoS wherein effects of autonomous entities/agents can be observed. While the distributed simulation community has solved the integrability challenge using standards like Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) or High Level Architecture (HLA), the model composability challenge is an open research problem. Many software/systems can now be made available as docker applications which can be readily plugged into existing simulation systems. However, the trust issues with such integration limit their usage as established systems cannot trust third party apps. This paper highlights some of the challenges with building a cloud-based simulation SoS, proposes an architecture framework using the concept of structural autonomy and leverages Modeling & Simulation as a fundamental key enabler for autonomy research.
Near-Surface Gas-Phase Methoxymethanol Is Generated by Methanol Oxidation over Pd-Based Catalysts.

Catalytic conversion of alcohols underlies many commodity and fine chemical syntheses, but a complete mechanistic understanding is lacking. We examined catalytic oxidative conversion of methanol near atmospheric pressure using operando small-aperture molecular beam time-of-flight mass spectrometry, interrogating the gas phase 500 μm above Pd-based catalyst surfaces. In addition to a variety of stable C1-3 species, we detected methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH)─a rarely observed and reactive C2 oxygenate that has been proposed to be a critical intermediate in methyl formate production. Methoxymethanol is observed above Pd, AuxPdy alloys, and oxide-supported Pd (common methanol oxidation catalysts). Experiments establish temperature and reactant feed ratio dependences of methoxymethanol generation, and calculations using density functional theory are used to examine the energetics of its likely formation pathway. These results suggest that future development of catalysts and microkinetic models for methanol oxidation should be augmented and constrained to accommodate the formation, desorption, adsorption, and surface reactions involving methoxymethanol.
Evidence for multiple retention mechanisms: Cyclodextrin stationary phases for the gas-solid chromatographic separation of light hydrocarbons

Cyclodextrin, bonded to silica gel and used as a gas-solid chromatographic (GSC) stationary phase provides a practical and efficient means for separating a wide variety of volatile C1-C7 hydrocarbons at ambient to elevated temperatures. Conditioning the columns at high temperature (300°C) for several hours increased efficiency and resolution. The adsorption of these light hydrocarbons involves multiple retention mechanismns. For unsaturated hydrocarbons, the cyclodextrin GSC column can act as a polar stationary phase analogous to silica gel. However, for saturated hydrocarbons, it acts as a non-polar phase. Evaluation of the columns and an analogous silica gel column with hydrocarbon standards is reported. Capacity factors and chromatograms are presented for compounds analyzed on these GSC stationary phases.
Defamiliarization: Flarf, conceptual writing, and using flawed software tools as creative partners

One form of creativity uses defamiliarization, a mechanism that frees the brain from its rational shackles and permits the abducing brain to run free. Mistakes and flaws in several software tools are shown to be the starting points for increased creativity and better art, and a theory explaining the phenomenon is proposed. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2012.04.013
Noise aware decoupling capacitors for multi-voltage power distribution systems

Multiple power supply voltages are often used in modern high performance ICs, such as microprocessors, to decrease power consumption without affecting circuit speed. The system of decoupling capacitors used in power distribution systems with multiple power supplies is described. In order to minimize the total impedance of a multi-voltage power delivery system as seen from a particular power supply, a decoupling capacitor is placed between the power supplies. The noise at one power supply can couple into the other power supply, causing power and signal integrity problems in the overall system. With the introduction of a second power supply, therefore, the interaction between the two power distribution networks should be considered. The dependence of the magnitude of the voltage transfer function on the parameters of the power distribution system is investigated. It is shown that it is highly desirable to maintain the effective series inductance of the decoupling capacitors as low as possible to decrease the overshoot in the response of a dual voltage power distribution system over a wide range of operating frequencies. A criterion for an overshoot-free voltage response is presented. It is noted that the frequency range of the overshoot-free voltage response can be traded off with the magnitude of the response.
Healthy Lifestyle Counseling in Persons With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

of the Clinical Problem Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Nearly half of US adults have at least 1 risk factor for CVD,1,2 and70%areoverweight or obese.1,3 Recentdecreases inCVDmortality ratesare inpartattributedtomodificationof risk factors.4Physical activity and a healthy diet are associated with decreased CVD event rates andmortality, but most US adults do not meet current recommendations for physical activity levels and a healthy diet.4,5
Microcultural study of bacterial size changes and microcolony and ultramicrocolony formation by heterotrophic bacteria in seawater.

With a microculture technique and time-lapse, phase-contrast photomicrography, it was possible to follow the division of individual cells and the development of microcolonies of bacteria in freshly collected marine water samples. A certain number of marine bacteria, upon inoculation onto a nutrient rich agar surface, displayed an increase in size as well as a high growth rate. Other bacteria were identified as very small marine bacteria (ultramicrobacteria). These had a very slow growth rate when inoculated onto a nutrient-rich agar surface. These latter cells formed very small microcolonies (ultramicrocolonies), and cell size did not increase significantly. These two types of marine heterotrophs could be described in terms of zymogenous and autochthonous bacteria, a concept used by Winogradsky for describing soil microorganisms. Images
Integrated Microfluidic Device for Automated Single Cell Analysis Using Electrophoretic Separation and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

A microfabricated fluidic device was developed for the automated real-time analysis of individual cells using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The microfluidic structure incorporates a means for rapid lysis of single cells within a free solution electrophoresis channel, where cellular constituents were separated, and an integrated electrospray emitter for ionization of separated components. The eluent was characterized using mass spectrometry. Human erythrocytes were used as a model system for this study. In this monolithically integrated device, cell lysis occurs at a channel intersection using a combination of rapid buffer exchange and an increase in electric field strength. An electroosmotic pump is incorporated at the end of the electrophoretic separation channel to direct eluent to the integrated electrospray emitter. The dissociated heme group and the α and β subunits of hemoglobin from individual erythrocytes were detected as cells continuously ...
Vacuum symmetry structure in quantum chromodynamics

The quantum-chromodynamic vacuum is described in terms of additional angles associated with chiral $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ vacuum degeneracy and the phases of the quark mass matrix. This description helps to remove certain ambiguities associated with instantons, chiral $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ breaking, and the U(1) problem. It is verified that the chiral Ward identities are consistently satisfied in the presence of chiral $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ breaking without the need of a "ninth" massless pseudoscalar meson.
Industrial policy: The case for national strategies for world markets

Abstract This article considers the objectives of an industrial policy that would develop national strategies for world markets. It describes the tools used to implement such strategies and how the strategies would be organized. The author also considers some of the advantages and disadvantages of developing national strategies for world markets.
Some reflections on Smith and Crosby's “affirmative action: Setting the record straight”

Through it may initially seem simple and straightforward, affirmative action is an extremely complex concept linked to a variety of programs that attempt to address central institutional sources of injustice. Smith and Crosby (1994) have identified several important and contentious issues that have emerged in the debate over affirmative action programs and their effects over the past 30 years. They have also contributed to the continuing need to refine our understanding of injustice and the individual and institutional obstacles that often frustrate attempts to confront injustice. By reflecting critically on their contribution, I have tried to add to that understanding.
Osteomyelitis of the pubis.

. Heldrich, F. J. and Harris, V. C. (Departments of Pediatrics, St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA). Osteomyelitis of the pubis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 67: 39, 1979.—Three cases of osteomyelitis of the pubis are presented and the clinical and laboratory features summarized. A review of the literature revealed 49 cases and emphasizes the rarity of this location for acute primary osteomyelitis.
Residue-specific mass signatures for the efficient detection of protein modifications by mass spectrometry.

Currently available mass spectrometric (MS) techniques lack specificity in identifying protein modifications because molecular mass is the only parameter used to characterize these changes. Consequently, the suspected modified peptides are subjected to tandem MS/MS sequencing that may demand more time and sample. We report the use of stable isotope-enriched amino acids as residue-specific “mass signatures” for the rapid and sensitive detection of protein modifications directly from the peptide mass map (PMM) without enrichment of the modified peptides. These mass signatures are easily recognized through their characteristic spectral patterns and provide fingerprints for peptides containing the same content of specific amino acid residue(s) in a PMM. Without the need for tandem MS/MS sequencing, a peptide and its modified form(s) can readily be identified through their identical fingerprints, regardless of the nature of modifications. In this report, we demonstrate this strategy for the detection of methio...
"I Just Kinda Know": Elementary Students' Ideas about Historical Evidence.

Abstract This study examined fourth and fifth graders' ideas about historical evidence through a year–long qualitative study of two classrooms. It identifies significant strengths in students' understanding of the reliability of sources but also points to drawbacks in their use of evidence to reach conclusions. Although students could examine sources critically, they rarely did so spontaneously, and when developing historical accounts they either ignored explicit consideration of the reliability of sources or treated all sources equally. These findings suggest that the use of evidence should be a continual and explicit focus of instruction, and that teachers should help students clarify the connection between their conclusions and the evidence which supports them. This study also suggests that students would benefit from a more cautious presentation of historical narratives, and that their interest in evidence might be increased by focusing on historical issues that continue to be significant in society.
Reasoning on infeasibility in distributed collaborative computing environment

Collaborative computing is a new communication technology that makes it possible to extend model formulation, management, and analysis into a geographically distributed group environment. The forms of communication may vary from asynchronous hypermedia teamwork via the Internet to multipoint desktop video conferencing. The latter presents the maximal potential for integrating shared quantitative model analysis with real-time/asynchronous geographically distributed electronic meetings. Infeasibility diagnosis and reasoning on conflict resolution are known to be important parts of an evolving approach to linear programming model analysis. In the new distributed environment, several specific decision support issues related to infeasibility analysis emerge. One is the learning mechanism for capturing group knowledge on infeasibility resolution that is generated during the collaborative sessions of model analysis. The other new decision support component is a coordination protocol that is capable of linking individual activities and software transactions for the support of group reasoning on infeasibility analysis. This paper addresses these issues on the basis of committee models for infeasibility resolution and the neural network approach. Examples of modeling cases are based on experiments using a multiple criteria model for support of resource allocation in a distributed electronic meeting, and the case of model-based diagnosis that the group is involved in.
Psychotherapy in nontraditional settings: A case of in-home cognitive-behavioral therapy with a depressed older adult

The underuse of psychological services among older adults is quite common. A variety of barriers contribute to this problem, one of which involves the difficulties associated with getting to appoin...
Technique and Inquiry in Teacher Education: A Curricular Case Study

(1979). Technique and Inquiry in Teacher Education: A Curricular Case Study. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 63-79.
Preparation and certification of a biological reference material (CARP-1) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners

A biological certified reference material for nine 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners and nine common polychlorinated biphenyl congeners is available for the first time. This material (CARP-1) is in the form of a slurry comprising approximately 9 g of carp homogenate sealed in a glass ampoule. The only foreign materials in the slurry are an antioxidant added to prevent rancidity and water to facilitate homogenization and ampouling. CARP-1 was found to be homogeneous and stable with respect to its organochlorine concentrations under room as well as elevated temperature storage conditions. The minimum projected shelf life for this material is 5 years.
Sexual dimorphism in foot length proportionate to stature.

Background: The preponderance of existing results suggests that, relative to stature, women have smaller feet than men. However, several investigations indicate that the relationship between foot length and stature may be curvilinear, a pattern that, due to the dimorphic nature of stature, would mask the true direction of pedal sexual dimorphism in published results. Aim: The study aimed to determine whether proportionate foot length is sexually dimorphic and, if so, the nature of that dimorphism. Materials and methods: Surveying genetically disparate populations (USA, Turkey, and Native North and Central American), we examined data from three previous anthropometric studies (Davis 1990, Parham et al. 1992, Ozaslan et al. 2003) and foot tracings from the Steggerda Collection at the US National Museum of Health and Medicine. Analyses explored sex differences in the ratio between foot length and stature, and tested for nonlinearity. Results: Although varying in degree across populations, proportionate to st...
Proton spin flip in the reaction 58Ni (p, p′γ)58Ni∗ (1.45 MeV)AT 20 MeV

Abstract Proton spin-flip probability on 58Ni has been measured, and the data are adequately described by the DWBA collective model with a full Thomas spin-orbit coupling term and β2SO > β2. Predictions are found to be sensitive to the spin-orbit potential depth.
Including excluded perspectives in participatory action research

In this paper I argue that participatory action research offers the potential for challenging the normative production of knowledge by including excluded perspectives and engaging those most affected by the research in the process. I report on a participatory action research project ‘Makes Me Mad: Stereotypes of Young Urban Womyn of Color’ that I developed with six young women from New York. In my discussion I address key principles of participatory action research (PAR) including the significance of building collective capacity and creating a community of researchers, the value of PAR as a research methodology, issues of audience, and the presentation of research findings (beyond the journal article) so they are ‘received’.
Comparison of feature selection and classification algorithms in identifying malicious executables

Malicious executables, often spread as email attachments, impose serious security threats to computer systems and associated networks. We investigated the use of byte sequence frequencies as a way to automatically distinguish malicious from benign executables without actually executing them. In a series of experiments, we compared classification accuracies over seven feature selection methods, four classification algorithms, and variable byte sequence lengths. We found that single-byte patterns provided surprisingly reliable features to separate malicious executables from benign. Between classifiers and feature selection methods, the overall performance of the models depended more on the choice of classifier than the method of feature selection. Support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were found to be superior in terms of prediction accuracy, training time, and aversion to overfitting.
An (8;14)(q24;q11) translocation involving the T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene and the MYC oncogene 3' region in a B-cell lymphoma

We describe a t(8;14)(q24;q11) involving the T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene (TCRA) and the 3' region of the MYC protooncogene in a B-cell lymphoma. The B-cell origin of this tumor was determined by its histological architecture, by immunophenotypic analysis, and by Southern analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. An identical fragment encompassing the translocation breakpoint junction was detected through Southern analysis using both a TCRAJ and a MYC probe. The other alleles at the TCRAJ and MYC loci were in the germline configuration. Restriction enzyme and nucleotide sequencing analyses revealed that the breakpoint junction on chromosome 8 lies approximately 700 base pairs (bp) downstream of the 3' end of the third MYC exon; on chromosome 14, the break is located 12.6 kilobases (kb) downstream of the 3' end of the C delta fourth exon. A heptamer-like consensus sequence on chromosome 14 adjacent to the translocation breakpoint implies the involvement of recombinase activity. However, no consensus sequences were found on chromosome 8 within 140 bp in either direction from the breakpoint. It is possible that this translocation involving MYC occurred during an attempt at an inappropriate rearrangement of the TCRA locus in a cell of B-cell lineage.
Architectural support for shadow memory in multiprocessors

Runtime monitoring support serves as a foundation for the important tasks of providing security, performing debugging, and improving performance of applications. Often runtime monitoring requires the maintenance of information associated with each of the application's original memory location, which is held in corresponding shadow memory locations. Unfortunately, existing robust shadow memory implementations are inefficient. In this paper, we present a shadow memory implementation that is both efficient and robust. A combination of architectural support (in the form of ISA support and augmentations to the cache coherency protocol) and operating system support (in the form of coupled allocation of memory pages used by the application and associated shadow memory pages) is proposed. By coupling the coherency of shadow memory with the coherency of the main memory, we ensure that the shadow memory instructions execute atomically with their corresponding original memory instructions. Our page allocation policy enables fast translation of original addresses into corresponding shadow memory addresses; thus allowing implicit addressing of shadow memory. This approach obviates the need for page table entries for shadow pages. Our experiments show that the overheads of runtime monitoring tasks are significantly reduced in comparison to previous software implementations.
Butterfly topologies: new expanded carbon-rich organometallic scaffolds

Abstract Starting from either (tetraethynylcyclobutadiene)cyclopentadienylcobalt or [1,2-diethynyl-3,4-(2-dioxanyl)cyclobutadiene]cyclopentadienylcobalt a sequence of copper and Pd-catalyzed couplings of the Eglinton and the Heck–Cassar–Sonogashira–Hagihara type furnishes five bow-tie shaped doubly annelated dehydroannulenes, the largest of which featuring a (formal) 7,8:13,14:25,26:31,32-tetra(4′alkyl-1′,2′-benzo)tricyclo[18,16,02,19]hexatricosa-3,5,9,11,15,17,21,23,27,29,33,35-dodecayne-1,7,13,19,25,31-hexaene hydrocarbon ligand with a cyclopentadienyl-cobalt stabilized cyclobutadiene complex as its central unit. Single crystal X-ray structures of two of the smaller butterflies are reported and their surprising solid-state packing is discussed herein.
Comparison of the rate-dependent properties of the Class III antiarrhythmic agents Azimilide (NE-10064) and E-4031: Considerations on the mechanism of reverse rate-dependent action potential prolongation

Rate Dependence of Azimilide and E-4031. Introduction: Reverse rate-dependence, a lessening in Class III antiarrhythmic agent action potential duration (APD) prolongation as heart rate is increased, has been proposed to be related to an incomplete deactivution of the slow component (IKs) of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK). The rate-dependent properties of block of IK by azimilide were compared to E-4031, which selectively blocks the rapid component (IKr) of Ik, in guinea pig ventricular muscle. Methods and Results: Azimilide prolonged APD in isolated papillary muscles in a concentration-dependent manner and to a greater degree than E-4031. Both agents prolonged APD less at fast than slow rates, consistent with a similar reverse rate-dependent effect. Isolation of azimilide block of IKs by subtraction of APD during E-4031 plus azimilide from E-4031 alone revealed rate-independent prolongation of APD. In voltage clamp experiments on single ventricular myocytes, activation of Iks was similar following 30 seconds of conditioning pulses of physiological duration (125 to 200 msec) with either a fast (cycle length 250 msec) or slow (cycle length 2000 msec) rate. The block of IKs by azimilide 3 μM was greater after a fast conditioning pulse train. Conclusions: Selective block of Iks prolongs APD in a rate-independent manner. In voltage clamped myocytes, no evidence of a rate-dependent accumulation of IKs was observed. These findings support a mechanism of reverse rate-dependent APD prolongation by Class III antiarrhythmic agents that block IKr independent of IKs.
Enhanced expression of the β II subspecies of protein kinase C in differentiating erythroleukemia cells

Polyclonal antipeptide antibodies which recognize selected isozymes (alpha, beta I, beta II, and gamma) of the protein kinase C family were used to identify specific subspecies in undifferentiated Friend erythroleukemia cells and in cells triggered to differentiate with hexamethylene bisacetamide. The beta II isozyme of protein kinase C was the primary isozyme expressed and its abundance was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in differentiated cells. Differences in immunostaining between control and experimental groups were objectively quantitated by determining percentage transmission of light through cells based on color threshold rather than gray intensity levels. Staining was localized to the cytoplasm predominantly in differentiated cells, whereas nuclei stained more intensely in undifferentiated cells. These results provide immunocytochemical evidence to support the hypothesis that changes in the expression of the beta II subspecies of protein kinase C are essential to the programmed maturation of differentiating Friend erythroleukemia cells.
Implementation via backward induction

Abstract We characterize the set of social choice functions which are implementable by finite games of perfect information when the solution concept is backward induction. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition which fully characterizes such choice functions when there is complete information and also provide a simpler sufficient condition. As an application, we show that many selections from the Condorcet cycle set are implementable. We also compare implementation via backward induction with choice functions implementable by other notions of equilibrium.
Alternatively spliced forms of MICA and MICB lacking exon 3 in a human cell line and evidence of presence of similar RNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

MICA and MICB genes encode MHC class I chain-related proteins, which are polymorphic, do not appear to present peptides or associate with β2-microglobulin, and are expressed predominantly in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and several cultured cell lines. Alternatively spliced isoforms are known to exist for HLA-A and B, as well as HLA-G and the MHC class I-related gene, MR1. In the course of cloning MICA and MICB cDNA from the colon carcinoma cell line HCT 116, it was observed that two kinds of cDNAs were obtained: a 1161-bp cDNA, representing full-length MICA or MICB, and a shorter variant of 873 bp. The sequences of these short cDNAs were those of the correct MICA or MICB alleles but lacking exon 3. They were found in 7 of 72 clones examined or about 10% and were called MICA2 and MICB2. MICA1 and MICA2 were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells and found to be expressed both in the cells and on their surface. PCR with a primer based on a sequence formed by the joining of exons 2 and 4 allowed detection of the isoform RNA in different cells including freshly prepared normal PBMC.
Solution Structure of a Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Tat-TAR Peptide-RNA Complex

The Tat protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) binds to its target RNA, TAR, and activates transcription. A 14-amino acid arginine-rich peptide corresponding to the RNA-binding domain of BIV Tat binds specifically to BIV TAR, and biochemical and in vivo experiments have identified the amino acids and nucleotides required for binding. The solution structure of the RNA-peptide complex has now been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. TAR forms a virtually continuous A-form helix with two unstacked bulged nucleotides. The peptide adopts a β-turn conformation and sits in the major groove of the RNA. Specific contacts are apparent between critical amino acids in the peptide and bases and phosphates in the RNA. The structure is consistent with all biochemical data and demonstrates ways in which proteins can recognize the major groove of RNA.
Ouabain on the hypothermic dog heart.

Abstract The effect of digitalization with ouabain on the susceptibility of the hypothermic heart to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was tested in dogs. Spontaneous VF did not occur with greater frequency in digitalized animals than in controls. Similarly, ouabain did not alter significantly the incidence of VF during experimental ventriculotomy under hypothermia. Digitalized animals had a tendency to terminate in asystole at higher temperatures than the controls, but this difference was eliminated by pretreatment with atropine, suggesting a parasympathomimetic action of ouabain. Hearts in asystole at relatively high temperatures (22 to 18° C.) responded to electrical pacemakers. In contrast, hearts undergoing asystole at low temperatures (16 to 14° C.). were generally unresponsive to electrical stimuli. Hypothermia protected against the arrhythmic effects of toxic doses of ouabain. The dosage which produced arrhythmias at normal body temperature was found to be only one fifth of that required in hypothermia (27° ± 1° C.). In general, the results suggest that the arrhythmic effects of hypothermia and digitalis are not synergistic but, rather, antagonistic. Thus, digitalization per se is not a contraindication to hypothermia.
Rapidly progressive metastatic multicentric epithelioid angiosarcoma of the small bowel: a case report and a review of literature

Background Angiosarcoma is a rare high-grade neoplasm that frequently involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Rarely, angiosarcoma can occur in the gastrointestinal tract where it frequently exhibits multicentric epithelioid morphology. Design We report a case of multicentric epithelioid angiosarcoma (EAS) of the small intestine in a 73-year-old male patient who presented with weakness and melena, and was found to have bleeding lesions in the small intestine on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In addition to this case, we extensively reviewed the clinical and pathological features of previously reported cases of angiosarcoma of the small intestine in the English literature since 1970. Results Our patient presented with rare and aggressive EAS of the small intestine. Despite surgical resection of the lesions, the patient continued to worsen and developed rapidly progressive metastatic disease. He died within 4 months of the diagnosis. Conclusions Angiosarcoma, especially of the deep tissues and the gastrointestinal tract, is very aggressive and rapidly metastatic. The survival rate in these patients is extremely poor, and most patients die within 6 months to 1 year of the diagnosis. Treatment usually involves surgical resection of the bleeding lesions and frequent blood transfusions for symptom alleviation.
Sintering of Glass

It has been shown by a simple experiment on the closing of capillary glass tubes on heating that the final stage of sintering of glass particles, manifesting itself in densification of the compact, proceeds by viscous flow caused by surface tension. This effect has been predicted theoretically by Frenkel.
Pictorial representation of three‐dimensional electron distributions through a perspective view of contour diagrams in a set of parallel planes

A method of graphically exhibiting detailed information about a three- dimensional distribution function f(x,y,z) is described. Contour lines f = constant are drawn on a set of equidistant parallel planes that intersect the distribution, and a perspective view of all contours on all planes is displayed. Representative examples are given. (auth)
A computer simulation of urban growth

Abstract This paper presents a computer model for simulating urban growth, given a set of economic and transportation parameters. The model is designed for both forecasting and pedagogic purposes. It allows the planner or the student to produce a spatial forecast of land uses in a given geographic region, on the basis of exogenously determined growth parameters, employment patterns and transportation alternatives. The program calculates future levels of activity and land areas required for each activity. It also allocates land uses in space. These land-use allocations are then printed out for each future year, and are determined on the basis of minimizing the time spent in transportation between each new activity and all existing activities in the region.
Influence of mono- and multivalent cations on the electrokinetic properties of Rana pipiens kidney cells.

Changes in the cation composition of the ambient cell environment, at constant ionic strengths, altered the electrokinetic properties of the surface of normal adult Rana pipiens kidney cells in a manner which reflected more the physiochemical properties and binding affinities of the cation than its valence. The effect was expressed in the changes of the magnitude of the net surface charge, at any pH, and in the shift of the isoelectric point of the cell surface.
Shape correction of composite beams with SMA wires

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are increasingly used as smart devices ina erospace applicatons.Their priry advnatage over other smart materials z9piezo-ceramics adnpiezo-polymers) is in their ability to undergo large strains and dispalcements that enables the devlopment of smart mechanissm. The specific objective of this research was toinvestigate the use of embedded SMA for active shape correctionof flexibl emirror substrates.Active shape correction is a possiblemeans of mitigating thrmally induced distortions in space based optical iaging systems inorder to understand and quantify the designvalraibles that lead to that goal, embedded SMA wires we used toa cctuate a series of composite bmeasm.Themoemvent induced byactutionw as monitored with theMoire inteferietery method,and the rsutls wer compared witha n anlaytical model.The repeatabiltya nd rlaibltiyof a possible acutation systmeand the propertis of the SMa wires was also studied by testing the stress-strian anthe stress reo ery behavior under controlled conditons.110
Formation of mengovirus-like particles in cell-free extracts from virus-infected cells

Abstract 3H-labeled particles with the density of intact mengovirus in CsCl were detected following the incubation of cell-free extracts from mengovirus infected cells with 3H-UTP in a RNA polymerase reaction mixture. The 3H-particles contained complete strands of 3H-labeled 35 S mengovirus RNA. The viral-like particles were found in the region of a sucrose gradient (150–250 S) where viral-specific RNA polymerase activity is detected.
Computer Image Processing in Marine Resource Exploration

Pictographic data or imagery is commonly used in marine exploration. Preexisting image processing techniques (software) similar to those used on imagery obtained from unmanned planetary exploration were used to improve marine photography and side-scan sonar imagery. Features and details not visible by conventional photo processing methods were enhanced by filtering and noise removal on selected deep-sea photographs. Information gained near the periphery of photographs allows improved interpretation and facilitates construction of bottom mosaics where overlapping frames are available. Similar processing techniques were applied to side-scan sonar imagery, including corrections for slant range distortion, and along-track scale changes. The use of digital data processing and storage techniques greatly extends the quantity of information that can be handled, stored, and processed.
Preservice teachers’ notions of families and schooling

Abstract Although there is widespread support given to the idea of strong home–school relations, little attention is paid to the issue in teacher education programs. To understand the perspectives prospective teachers bring to their professional program about working with families, we surveyed students just beginning elementary and secondary teacher education programs. Results of the survey indicate that teacher education students enter their professional preparation with constructions of family and education that reflect their own experience and that assume that families support teacher work in the classroom. Out of these assumptions, prospective teachers develop strategies for interaction with families in the future. These limited constructions and expectations of families constrain opportunities for support, knowledge, and collaboration by holding parents at a distance. Thus, teacher education programs must provide opportunities for students to expand their theoretical background while gaining experience working with families in a variety of settings.
Protein carboxyl methyltransferase and methyl acceptor proteins in aging and cataractous tissue of the human eye lens.

Abstract We have studied the enzymatic modification of proteins in human eye lens tissue where these molecules can be long-lived and can be exposed to non-enzymatic degradation processes for periods of time up to the age of the individual. We have detected a protein carboxyl methyltransferase that is similar to enzymes from other mammalian tissues which appear to catalyze the methyl esterification of altered aspartyl residues, including d -aspartyl and β-isomerized l -aspartyl residues, but which have no activity on normal l -aspartyl sites. Upon gel filtration of human lens extracts, we find protein substrates for the lens methyltransferase in each of the major soluble classes of protein. In comparing individual lenses of various ages, protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity was present in tissue from all normal and yellow cataractous lenses tested, but was present only at very low apparent levels in brunescent lens tissue. We find that the methyltransferase is much more highly saturated by endogenous methyl acceptor substrates in lens extracts from older individuals, suggesting that the prolonged in vivo aging of lens protein leads to the accumulation and perhaps metabolism of altered aspartyl residues.
The development of engineering as a profession

Many people still feel there are only three professions: divinity, law, and medicine. Why is engineering not considered a profession by some? To answer this, Mr. Henson gives the historical background of the profession, the beginnings of the engineering societies, and the development of engineering schools.