Correlation between PFC gyrification and white matter integrity in young cannabis users

Drug and Alcohol Dependence 156 (2015) e183–e245 e203 couple (p=0.048). Moreover, liquid users were significantly likely to use at hotels (p=0.001) and in vehicles (p=0.002). Conclusions: Our results clearly suggest that younger adults at dance parties have a higher lifetime prevalence of NPS use than the Japanese general population (0.4% reported in 2013). As the social stigma associated with drug use is extremely high in Japan, law evaded, easily available kiken drugs may be more acceptable among partygoers. The present study also indicates that liquidtype products may be used as “sex drugs”. Some basic studies have reported that synthetic cathinonewas detected in liquid-products; such products may enhance sexual pleasure. Financial support: This study was supported by HLSRG from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.545 State-level tobacco-related norms and policies show differential effects on cigarette smoking in population subgroups Dvora Shmulewitz ∗, Malka Stohl, Katherine M. Keyes, Qiana Brown, Deborah Hasin Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Aims: Determining how the potentially modifiable group-level tobacco-related norms and policies work together with individuallevel risk factors to influencecigaretteuse is important tomore fully understand the impact of these group-level norms andpolicies, and inform efforts to change them to benefit public health. Methods:With data fromWave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N=34,638), a nationally representative sample of US adults, we investigated the associations between past-year cigarettes per day (CPD), individual-level risk factors (childhood maltreatment, parental substance problems) and state-level norms and policies (perception of risk due to smoking, average price per pack of cigarettes, smoke-free air laws). Using additive interaction, we determined if the state-level variables showed different effects in subgroups defined by the individual-level risk factors. Results: All individual risk factors and state-level policies/norms were significantly related to CPD. Significant interactions showed that each state-level factor showed significantly greater effects among respondents with each individual risk factor than thosewithout. For example, among respondentswithparental substance problems, respondents in states with lower cigarette price smoked 1.5 more CPD than respondents in states with higher cigarette price. Among respondents without parental substance problems, respondents in states with lower cigarette price smoked 0.2 more CPD than respondents with higher cigarette price (interaction p-value =0.003). Conclusions: Tobacco-related state-level variables have stronger effects in higher risk subgroups. A more complete understanding of these state-level effects can inform the design of improved public health prevention and intervention strategies, including tobacco control policies. Financial support: Supported by U01AA018111-01, K05AA014223, K01AA021511, T32DA031099, New York State Psychiatric Institute. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.546 Correlation between PFC gyrification and white matter integrity in young cannabis users Skyler G. Shollenbarger2,∗, Jenessa S. Price1, Kristin E. Maple2, Krista M. Lisdahl2 1 McLean Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States 2 Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States Aims: Our lab previously found reduced gyrification in prefrontal (PFC) regions and reduced frontolimbic white matter (WM) integrity among young adult cannabis users compared to controls. Here, we examined the relationship between PFC gyrification and underlying WM microstructure in cannabis users and non-using controls. Based on others’ findings,we hypothesized that lower PFC gyrificationwould be correlatedwith reducedWMintegrity in both groups. Methods: Participants were 33 emerging adult cannabis users and 34 controls without major neurological, psychiatric disorders or heavy other drug use. Participants underwent a MRI and drug use interview. Variables included anterior,medial (mPFC), and ventral (vmPFC) gyrification indices, and mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of frontolimbic tracts (Uncinate fasciculi, UNC; corpus callosum forceps minor, fMinor). Pearson R correlations determined the association between indices. Results:Among cannabis users, therewere positive correlations between fMinor MD and mPFC and frontal poles, and left UNC MD and left vmPFC. Negative correlations were found between fMinor FA and left mPFC and left frontal pole, and bilateral UNC FA and left vmPFC (p’s = .003–.03). No significant associations were found in controls. Conclusions: These findings suggest that frequent cannabis use in youth may impact the association between PFC gyrification and underlyingWMcohesion.While users in this sample demonstrated reduced gyrification compared to controls, those with the lowest gyrification had better WM integrity, suggesting possible compensation. Due to a lack of significant associations in controls, this may also represent a disrupted relationship betweenWM integrity and gyrification in chronic cannabis using youth. Future studies should characterize the association betweenbrain indices in a longitudinal design.Financial support: 1R03DA027457 PI Lisdahl; AOP fellow Shollenbarger; T32 DA015036 Price. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.547 An exploratory human abuse potential assessment of centanafadine, a novel triple reuptake inhibitor Megan Shram1,3,∗, Kerri Schoedel1, Nancy Chen4, Debra Kelsh5, Catherine O’Brien2, Brigitte Robertson2, Timothy Hsu2 1 Altreos Research Partners, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada 2 Neurovance, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 4 ALstats, Toronto, ON, Canada 5 Vince and Associates Clinical Research, Overland Park, KS, United States Aims: Centanafadine (CTN) is a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI) under development for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as it inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine (DA), both known to mediate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in ADHD. Since TRIs inhibit DA