cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Tunable WCET with Shared Resource Allocation and Arbitration in Hard Real-Time Multicore Systems

The unpredictable worst-case timing behavior of multicore architectures has been the biggest stumbling block for a widespread use of multicores in hard real-time systems. A great deal of research effort has been devoted to address the issue. Among others, the development of a new multicore architecture has emerged as an attractive solution because it can eliminate the unpredictable interference sources in the first place. This opens a new possibility of system-level optimizations with multicore based hard real-time systems. To address this issue, we propose a new perspective of WCET model called tunable WCET, in which the WCETs of tasks are elastically adjusted according to the optimal shared resource allocation and arbitration methods. For this, we propose novel WCET-aware harmonic round-robin bus scheduling and two-level cache partitioning method. We present a mixed integer linear programming formulation as the solution to the optimization of tunable WCETs. Our experimental results show that the proposed methods can significantly lower overall system utilizations.
Overcoming Endocrine Therapy Resistance by Signal Transduction Inhibition

Endocrine therapy is the most effective systemic treatment for patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR(+)) breast cancer. Unfortunately, efficacy is often limited by the onset of resistance, which is almost inevitable for patients with advanced disease. Several patterns of endocrine resistance are recognizable clinically, including: A) tumors that are inherently insensitive to all attempts at estrogen receptor (ER) targeting despite expression of ER (pan-endocrine therapy resistance); B) tumors that are estrogen dependent but resistant to one or more specific endocrine therapies (agent-selective resistance); and C) tumors that initially respond but subsequently progress (acquired resistance). Current insights into the molecular basis for these resistance patterns are rudimentary, but are most clearly illuminated by investigations that focus on the crosstalk between the ErbB or HER peptide growth factor family and the ER. The data are sufficiently compelling to be addressed by ongoing clinical trials that examine combinations of endocrine agents and either trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA) or ErbB-specific tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors. Preliminary data from a small "proof of concept" phase II study of letrozole (Femara; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; East Hanover, NJ) and trastuzumab demonstrated durable responses despite tamoxifen (Nolvadex; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals; Wilmington, DE) resistance. Efficacy was variable, however, despite the selection of patients on the basis of ER and ErbB-2 coexpression. Complicating matters further, resistance often occurs in the absence of any evidence for ErbB TK family member expression. In the absence of a clear target, common downstream signal transduction proteins that are known to intersect with the ER pathway can be inhibited to address resistance, including G proteins with farnesyltransferase inhibitors and molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) with rapamycin analogues. With a number of phase III clinical trials now under way, major advances in the endocrine treatment of advanced disease are possible.
Regulation of antiviral responses by a direct and specific interaction between TRAF3 and Cardif

Upon recognition of viral infection, RIG-I and Helicard recruit a newly identified adapter termed Cardif, which induces type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses through an unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that TRAF3, like Cardif, is required for type I interferon production in response to intracellular double-stranded RNA. Cardif-mediated IFNα induction occurs through a direct interaction between the TRAF domain of TRAF3 and a TRAF-interaction motif (TIM) within Cardif. Interestingly, while the entire N-terminus of TRAF3 was functionally interchangeable with that of TRAF5, the TRAF domain of TRAF3 was not. Our data suggest that this distinction is due to an inability of the TRAF domain of TRAF5 to bind the TIM of Cardif. Finally, we show that preventing association of TRAF3 with this TIM by mutating two critical amino acids in the TRAF domain also abolishes TRAF3-dependent IFN production following viral infection. Thus, our findings suggest that the direct and specific interaction between the TRAF domain of TRAF3 and the TIM of Cardif is required for optimal Cardif-mediated antiviral responses.
Regional impacts of ultrafine particle emissions from the surface of the Great Lakes

Abstract. Quantifying the impacts of aerosols on climate requires a detailed knowledge of both the anthropogenic and the natural contributions to the aerosol population. Recent work has suggested a previously unrecognized natural source of ultrafine particles resulting from breaking waves at the surface of large freshwater lakes. This work is the first modeling study to investigate the potential for this newly discovered source to affect the aerosol number concentrations on regional scales. Using the WRF-Chem modeling framework, the impacts of wind-driven aerosol production from the surface of the Great Lakes were studied for a July 2004 test case. Simulations were performed for a base case with no lake surface emissions, a case with lake surface emissions included, and a default case wherein large freshwater lakes emit marine particles as if they were oceans. Results indicate that the lake surface emissions can enhance the surface-level aerosol number concentration by ~20% over the remote northern Great Lakes and by ~5% over other parts of the Great Lakes. These results were highly sensitive to the new particle formation (i.e., nucleation) parameterization within WRF-Chem; when the new particle formation process was deactivated, surface-layer enhancements from the lake emissions increased to as much as 200%. The results reported here have significant uncertainties associated with the lake emission parameterization and the way ultrafine particles are modeled within WRF-Chem. Nevertheless, the magnitudes of the impacts found in this study suggest that further study to quantify the emissions of ultrafine particles from the surface of the Great Lakes is merited.
The cupped disc. Who needs neuroimaging

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of positive neuroradiologic studies in consecutive patients with glaucoma associated with normal intraocular pressure and to compare the psychophysical and clinical characteristics of these eyes with eyes with disc cupping associated with intracranial masses. Design Retrospective case-controlled study. Participants Fifty-two eyes of 29 patients with glaucoma associated with normal intraocular pressure and 44 eyes of 28 control patients with compressive lesions were reviewed. Intervention The medical records of consecutive glaucoma patients with normal intraocular pressure who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scanning as part of a diagnostic evaluation between January 1, 1985, and July 1, 1995, were reviewed. A masked reading of optic nerve photographs and visual fields was performed by one observer. A similar analysis was performed on a control group of consecutive patients with nonglaucomatous optic nerve cupping with known intracranial mass lesions. Main outcome measures The neuroradiologic findings, clinical characteristics, optic nerve head appearance, and patterns of visual field loss were compared between groups. Results None of the patients diagnosed with glaucoma had neuroradiologic evidence of a mass lesion involving the anterior visual pathway. Compared to control subjects, patients with glaucoma were older ( P = 0.0001), had better visual acuity ( P = 0.002), greater vertical loss of neuroretinal rim tissue ( P = 0.0001), more frequent optic disc hemorrhages ( P = 0.01), less neuroretinal rim pallor ( P = 0.0001), and more nerve fiber bundle visual field defects aligned at the horizontal midline ( P = 0.0001). Visual acuity less than 20/40, vertically aligned visual field defects, optic nerve pallor in excess of cupping, and age younger than 50 years were 77%, 81%, 90%, and 93% specific for nonglaucomatous cupping associated with compressive lesions, respectively. Conclusions Anterior visual pathway compression is an uncommon finding in the neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of normal-tension glaucoma. Younger age, lower levels of visual acuity, vertically aligned visual field defects, and neuroretinal rim pallor may increase the likelihood of identifying an intracranial mass lesion.
Design Principles of Insect and Vertebrate Visual Systems

A century ago, Cajal noted striking similarities between the neural circuits that underlie vision in vertebrates and flies. Over the past few decades, structural and functional studies have provided strong support for Cajal's view. In parallel, genetic studies have revealed some common molecular mechanisms controlling development of vertebrate and fly visual systems and suggested that they share a common evolutionary origin. Here, we review these shared features, focusing on the first several layers—retina, optic tectum (superior colliculus), and lateral geniculate nucleus in vertebrates; and retina, lamina, and medulla in fly. We argue that vertebrate and fly visual circuits utilize common design principles and that taking advantage of this phylogenetic conservation will speed progress in elucidating both functional strategies and developmental mechanisms, as has already occurred in other areas of neurobiology ranging from electrical signaling and synaptic plasticity to neurogenesis and axon guidance.
Multiscale discontinuous galerkin methods for coupled MHD-kinetic plasma simulations

A multiscale algorithm is developed in this study in which the ideal MHD equations is coupled with a two-fluid or a fully kinetic model to correctly model magnetic reconnection that is a common phenomena in the magnetosphere and in laboratory plasmas. In this approach, special Riemann solvers are constructed in such a way as to minimize spurious reflections at the model interface. The proposed method is validated on several test cases of waves propagating through the model interface.
The space shuttle as a platform for observations of ground-based transmitter signals and whistlers

A preliminary global study of VLF transmitter signals and low-latitude whistlers received at 245 km altitude on the Space Shuttle is presented. The observations were made in a 5-day period during the STS 3 mission in March 1982. Direct signals from a 10-kW transmitter located at 28 deg S magnetic latitude were received in a roughly circular region with a diameter of 6000 km centered around the transmitter. Signals propagating through the magnetosphere from a 500-kW magnetically conjugate transmitter at 40 deg N magnetic latitude were received inside a region extending 5000 km in longitude and 2000 km in latitude. In addition, direct signals from a 1-MW transmitter at 31 deg S magnetic latitude were received in a region extending 22,000 km in longitude, while the latitudinal extent (5000 km) was limited by the Shuttle orbit and the day/night terminator.
On-orbit noise characterization of MODIS reflective solar bands

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), launched on the Terra and Aqua spacecrafts, was designed to collect complementary and comprehensive measurements of the Earth’s properties on a global scale. The 20 reflective solar bands (RSBs), covering a wavelength range from 0.41 to 2.1 μ m , are calibrated on-orbit using regularly scheduled solar diffuser (SD) observations. Although primarily used for on-orbit gain derivation, the SD observations also facilitate the characterization of the detector signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition to the calibration requirement of 2% for the reflectance factors and 5% for the radiances, the required SNRs are also specified for all RSB at their typical scene radiances. A methodology to characterize the on-orbit SNR for the MODIS RSB is presented. Overall performance shows that a majority of the RSB continue to meet the specification, therefore performing well. A temporal decrease in the SNR, observed in the short-wavelength bands, is attributed primarily to the decrease in their detector responses. With the exception of the inoperable and noisy detectors in band 6 identified prelaunch, the detectors of Aqua MODIS RSB perform better than Terra MODIS. The approach formulated for on-orbit SNR characterization can also be used by other sensors that use on-board SDs for their on-orbit calibration (e.g., Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership [SNPP]-Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite).
Temporal trends in the quality of streamwater in an alpine environment : Green Lakes Valley, Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

Green Lakes Valley is a high (3500 m elevation), mid-continental drainage at relatively low latitude (40°N) which appears to have been influenced by a variety of environmental changes in the past h...
Optimization Method of Coal Blending Based on Heat Supply and Power Generation Analysis

In order to achieve the cost-efficient operation and energy saving of the combined heat and power( CHP) plant in the multi-source heating system,and make the coal blending results more scientific and practical,heat load distribution and coal mixture burning process were integrated into one system to carry out the research of coal dirstirbution. The heat supply and power generation of the CHP plant and the peak-shaving boiler were used as the input boundary conditions of the coal blending optimization model. Considering the uncertainty of interval caused by coal quality fluctuation,and taking the coal blending of the CHP plant and the peak-shaving boiler in an economic development zone of a North China metropolis as an example,uncertainty optimization model for combination system of CHP plant and peak-shaving boiler were established under "Power Determined by Heat",which was solved with using interactive interval algorithm. The results show that this model can not only meet the requirements of heating and power generation,unit equipments and environmental protection,but also can control the cost of coal blending in a reasonable range. The quality of blended coal optimized with the model is stable,and it can provide reasonable coordination scheme of emission reduction and coal blending economic cost for the relative decision makers according to the actual situation,in different optimized interval of blended coal types.
Observation on the efficacy and safety of Robitussin in the treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of Robitussin in the treatment of the pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis.METHODS A total of 68 pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis were randomly divided into 2 groups.All cases were treated with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium dispersible tablets,myrtol standardized enteric coated soft capsules,and budesonide nasal spray.The treatment group was treated with Robitussin.While the control group was treated with Bidouyan oral solution.The clinical therapeutic effect and ADRs of two groups were observed after treatment for 1 week.RESULTS Outstanding clinical therapeutic effect was found in the treatment group as compared with the control groups.The effective rate of the treatment group was 85.29%,while the control group was 52.94% respectively (P0.01).There were no obvious ADRs in 2 groups,the rates of ADRs in treatment group was 4.41%,the rates of control group was 5.58% respectively (P0.05).CONCLUSION The clinical therapeutic effect of Robitussin on the treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis is better than that of control group.The safety of Robitussin is equivalent to Bidouyan oral solution.
Effects of Probiotics on Feeding Intolerance and Early Growth and Development in Premature Infants

Objective To explore the effects of probiotics on feeding intolerance and early growth and development of premature infants.Methods Eighty premature infants were randomly assigned into 2 groups,the other 40 infants as therapy group,another 40 infants as control group.All infants in 2 groups were given general care and treatment.At the same time,probiotics was administered orally or via a orogastric tube to infants in therapy group within 24 hours after birth.The parameters of head circumference,length and body weight on day 28 of life and the time to achieve full enteral feeding and to regain birth weight were all recorded.The incidence of feeding intolerance of both groups were analyzed.Potential adverse effects associated with probiotics were also monitored.Results The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in probiotics-treated infants(27.5%) compared with that of control group(52.5%)(χ2=5.208 3 P0.05).The infants in therapy group achieved full enteral nutrition much earlier[(12.1±2.45) d vs (16.8±8.78) d;t=3.26 P0.01)].In therapy group,the mean rates of increase of head circumference,the length and body weight were higher than those in control group[(0.65±0.1) cm/week vs (0.6±0.11) cm/week,t=2.12 P0.05;(0.8±0.15) cm/week vs(0.7±0.16) cm/week,t=2.88 P0.05;(22.3±2.56) g/d vs (16.1±1.32) g/d,t=13.61 P0.01].The time to regain birth weight was shorter in therapy group than that in control group[(5.2±1.13) d vs (9.8±3.16) d;t=8.67 P0.01].No adverse effect was associated with probiotics treatment.Conclusions Probiotics can improve the feeding intolerance of premature infants,and shorten the time to achieve full enteral feeding.It may also facilitate their early growth and development of the infants.
The Built-in SBC's Multiple Channel Data Collection Device and System Based on the Upper Computer

This thesis offers a kind of multiple channel data collection device and system based on the SBC. The device first converts input signals into frequency signals,and sound blaster audio card collects frequency signals and to the frequency signals collected is restored into input signals by software. By doing so,it resolves the problem which the SBC can't collect low frequency signals or dc signals; meanwhile,a piece of MCU controls the AMUX,and this SBC sends poly identification signals to SBC,so the function of poly signals collection is achieved.
Maintaining Competence and Competency in the Care of the Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Patient

Care of the IABP patient requires specialized knowledge and skill. Two methods exist for verifying the nurse's ability to safely care for this patient population. Competence and competency testing approach this task from two different aspects; the former assesses the nurse's potential knowledge and skills and later verifies the nurse's ability to perform and apply knowledge, skill, and standards of care in an actual "mock run" situation. Both aspects should be included in an IABP training program.
Glia maturation factor.

Publisher Summary The use of the glial system discussed in this chapter led to the identification of a protein factor—endogenous to the adult brain—that is capable of promoting reversibly the morphological and chemical differentiation of glioblasts. The factor is operationally designated the glia maturation factor (GMF). This chapter aims to update the present knowledge of this factor, with emphasis on its cellular effects and chemical nature. Speculations on the biological implications are extrapolated from presently available data. The first chemical change in response to GMF consists of an increase in intracellular cyclic GMP, which reaches as high as five times the control level and occurs as early as 1 hour after stimulation. The next detectable chemical event consists of an increase in thymidine incorporation into DNA, which is best observed between hours 12 and the 24. Distribution of GMF has been discussed in the chapter. GMF is not species-specific. Brain extracts from rats, pigs, cattle, sheep, monkeys, and humans are equally active on rat glioblasts. GMF-like activity is demonstrable in other rat organs, such as kidney and heart. The chapter also highlights possible biological role of GMF and general implications in cell biology.
Investigation of Blending Mechanisms for Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Binder and Virgin Binder in Laboratory-Produced Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in new pavement construction or pavement rehabilitation projects contributes to sustainable construction. However, the blending between RAP binder and virgin binder could significantly affect pavement performance, especially in regard to cracking. Currently, studies to understand the different blending stages between RAP binder and virgin binder in a RAP mix and the effects of each blending stage on mix performance are lacking. In this study, three blending stages were investigated: Stage 1: RAP binder transfer to virgin aggregate, Stage 2: mechanical blending, and Stage 3: diffusion. The objectives of this study are to propose a laboratory mixing scheme to distinguish the effects of each of the three stages for blending between RAP binder and virgin binder; investigate the effects of each blending stage on the rheological and fracture performance properties of the study mixes; and identify the primary mechanisms of blending between RAP binder and virgin binder ...
The complexity of some basic control problems for discrete event systems

We present a summary of some of the known results on the complexity of supervisory control of discrete event systems in the framework of [RW1]. In addition some recent results on the controllability of sequential behaviors and on the complexity of basic coordination problems are presented.
Changing Perceptions of Harm of E-Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults, 2012-2015.

Introduction Although the impact of long-term use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on health is still unknown, current scientific evidence indicates that e-cigarettes are less harmful than combustible cigarettes. The study examined whether perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes and perceived addictiveness have changed during 2012–2015 among U.S. adults. Methods Data were from Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions surveys of probability samples representative of U.S. adults in 2012, 2014, and 2015. Changes over time in perceived harmfulness of e-cigarettes were examined using pairwise comparisons of proportions and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Analyses were conducted in January 2016. Results Whereas 11.5% and 1.3% of adults perceived e-cigarettes to have about the same level of harm and to be more harmful than cigarettes, respectively, in 2012, 35.7% and 4.1% did so in 2015. The proportion of adults who thought e-cigarettes were addictive more than doubled during 2012–2015 (32.0% in 2012 vs 67.6% in 2015). Compared with 2012, the odds of perceiving e-cigarettes to be equally or more harmful (than to be less harmful) doubled (95% CI=1.64, 2.41) in 2014, and tripled (95% CI=2.60, 3.81) in 2015. Conclusions There is an increase in the proportion of U.S. adults who misperceive the harm of e-cigarettes and consider them to be as harmful as combustible cigarettes. The study highlights the need to design public health messages that accurately interpret the scientific data on the potential harm of e-cigarettes and clearly differentiate the absolute from the relative harm of e-cigarettes.
A new 2 Kelvin superconducting half-wave cavity Cryomodule for PIP-II

Argonne National Laboratory has developed and is implementing a novel 2 K superconducting cavity cryomodule operating at 162.5 MHz. This cryomodule is designed for the acceleration of 2 mA H-/proton beams from 2.1 to 10 MeV as part of the Fermilab Proton Improvement Project-II (PIP-II). This work is an evolution of techniques recently implemented in two previous heavy-ion accelerator cryomodules now operating at Argonne National Laboratory. The 2 K cryomodule is comprised of 8 half-wave cavities operated in the continuous wave mode with 8 superconducting magnets, one in front of each cavity. All of the solenoids and cavities operate off of a single gravity fed 2 K helium cryogenic system expected to provide up to 50 W of 2 K cooling. Here we review the mechanical design of the cavities and cryomodule which were developed using methods similar to those required in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. This will include an overview of the cryomodule layout, the alignment of the accelerator components via modifications of the cryomodule vacuum vessel and provide a status report on the cryomodule assembly.
Alterations of Cell Surface Receptors and Expression of Cellular Oncogenes in the Liver of Rats Fed a Hypolipidemic Peroxisome Proliferator

Hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators (HPPs) consist of two classes of agent; one used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the other consisting of agents widely used in the industry as plasticizers such as phthalate esters1,2. When administered to experimental animals, HPPs induce marked hepatocellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, hepatic peroxisome proliferation and an increase in the activity of several peroxisome associated enzymes2,3.
First Steps Toward Brooklyn’s Renaissance

How does an urban renaissance happen and in 1850’s Brooklyn? Bullard examines bourgeois Brooklyn’s self-expectations and its developing communitarian ethos. Rivalry with nearby New York City added fuel to Brooklyn’s rapid renaissance and emerging civic identity. Commercial networks bred social connectivity, as did Luther Wyman’s experiences with Unitarianism and early sacred music societies. Practiced affiliators, Wyman and other prominent Brooklynites, including A. A. Low, Alexander M. White, Judge Greenwood, and several dozen more patrons, many of them New England transplants, spurred themselves to marshal private resources to found fine arts and educational societies imbued with a civilizing purpose. Financial crises, political divisions between Whigs and Democrats, and even a congregational singing controversy played themselves out in the Brooklyn Eagle, the city’s mouthpiece.
Allograft rejection associated with pre-transplant donor specific anti-DQ antibodies detected by single antigen bead assay and a negative flow cytometry crossmatch

The clinical significance of pre-txp donor specific anti-HLA-DQ antibodies (Ab) detected by luminex single antigen bead assays in the absence of reactivity with B cells is unclear. This discrepancy in Ab reactivity could be due variation in DQA1/DQB1 alleles, structural variations caused by the presented peptide, or reactivity to “cryptic epitopes”. Furthermore, other cell-specific factors may influence the reactivity of these Abs. Here we report a case of an accelerated rejection in a kidney txp and a case of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), both were associated with the presence of pre-txp anti-DQ DSA. These anti-DQ antibodies were not reactive with B cells using a sensitive FCXM. Case 1 is a 50-y/o Caucasian female, received her first kidney txp from an HLA compatible living donor. Her serum Creatinine (Cr) was 1.07 on post-operative day 6 (POD). On POD 8, Cr increased to 3.08, with a 4-fold increase in DSA; kidney biopsy was consistent with AMR (Table 1); notably, Abs remained non-reactive with B cells. After treatment with several cycles of plamapheresis, IVIG, and augmented IS, patient’s DSA decreased significantly and her Cr decreased to 1.61. Eight months post-txp, patient’s kidney function is stable with a Cr at 1.39 and the DSA decreased to pre-txp level (Table 1). Case 2 is 62 y/o Caucasian male who received a left single lung txp for interstitial lung disease from an HLA compatible donor. The early post-operative course was uncomplicated. Pulmonary function test declined 3 months post-txp. The patient had a 3-fold increase in the pre-txp anti-DQ6 (allele-specific) DSA; lung biopsies showed features of AMR (Table 1); notably, Abs remained non-reactive with B cells. Despite aggressive treatment with IV solumedrol, IVIG and rituximab, patient developed a progressive CLAD and received a second transplant from a DQ6 negative donor. Further investigations are needed to confirm these observations and determine the clinical significance of anti-DQ antibodies that are not reactive with B cells.
UbiSwarm: Ubiquitous Robotic Interfaces and Investigation of Abstract Motion as a Display

As robots increasingly enter our everyday life, we envision a future in which robots are ubiquitous and interact with both ourselves and our environments. This paper introduces the concept of ubiquitous robotic interfaces (URIs), multi-robot interfaces capable of mobility, manipulation, sensing, display and interaction. URIs interact directly with the user and indirectly through surrounding objects. A key aspect of URIs is their ability to display information to users either by collectively forming shapes or through their movements. In this paper, we focus on the use of URIs to display information in ubiquitous settings. We first investigate the use of abstract motion as a display for URIs by studying human perception of abstract multi-robot motion. With ten small robots, we produced 42 videos of bio-inspired abstract motion by varying three parameters (7 x 2 x 3): bio-inspired behavior, speed and smoothness. In a crowdsourced between-subjects study, 1067 subjects were recruited to watch the videos and describe their perception through Likert scales and free text. Study results suggest that different bio-inspired behaviors elicit significantly different responses in arousal, dominance, hedonic and pragmatic qualities, animacy, urgency and willingness to attend. On the other hand, speed significantly affects valence, arousal, hedonic quality, urgency and animacy while smoothness affects hedonic quality, animacy, attractivity and likeability. We discuss how these results inform URI designers to formulate appropriate motion for different interaction scenarios and use these results to derive our own example applications using our URI platform, UbiSwarm.
Illustrating chaos: a schematic discretization of the general three-body problem in Newtonian gravity

We present a formalism for constructing schematic diagrams to depict chaotic three-body interactions in Newtonian gravity. This is done by decomposing each interaction in to a series of discrete transformations in energy- and angular momentum-space. Each time a transformation is applied, the system changes state as the particles re-distribute their energy and angular momenta. These diagrams have the virtue of containing all of the quantitative information needed to fully characterize most bound or unbound interactions through time and space, including the total duration of the interaction, the initial and final stable states in addition to every intervening temporary meta-stable state. As shown via an illustrative example for the bound case, prolonged excursions of one of the particles, which by far dominates the computational cost of the simulations, are reduced to a single discrete transformation in energy- and angular momentum-space, thereby potentially mitigating any computational expense. We further generalize our formalism to sequences of (unbound) three-body interactions, as occur in dense stellar environments during binary hardening. Finally, we provide a method for dynamically evolving entire populations of binaries via three-body scattering interactions, using a purely analytic formalism. In principle, the techniques presented here are adaptable to other three-body problems that conserve energy and angular momentum.
Postsynaptic Mechanisms in the Potentiation of Synaptic Responses

The membrane mechanisms underlying the postsynaptic potentiation of synaptic responses by muscarinic receptor activation were investigated in CA3 pyramidal neurons of hippocampus using single-electrode voltage-clamp. The application of muscarine inhibited both inward Ca2+ current and a slowly developing, persistent Ca2+-dependent outward current.
Stochastic Approximation Monte Carlo for MLP Learning

Over the past several decades, multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) have achieved increased popularity among scientists, engineers, and other professionals as tools for knowledge representation. Unfortunately, there is no a universal architecture which is suitable for all problems. Even with the correct architecture, frustrating problems of connection weights training still remain due to the rugged nature of the energy landscape of MLPs. The energy function often refers to the sum-of-square error function for conventional MLPs and the negative logposterior density function for Bayesian MLPs. This article presents a Monte Carlo method that can be used for MLP learning. The main focus is on how to apply the method to train connection weights for MLPs. How to apply the method to choose the optimal architecture and to make predictions for future values will also be discussed, but within the Bayesian framework.
Sex and Race Differences in the Utilization and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2014

Background With over a decade of directed efforts to reduce sex and racial differences in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) utilization, and post‐CABG outcomes, we sought to evaluate how the u...
Disparities in hepatitis C virus infection screening among Baby Boomers in the United States.

Background The study objective was to identify potential sociodemographic disparities in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection screening among Baby Boomers in the United States. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2013-2016 National Health Interview Survey. The outcome was whether a person had an HCV infection screening (yes/no). Key independent variables were race/ethnicity, geographic region, poverty level, education level, and health insurance status. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the factors associated with the receipt of HCV screening. Results The study sample included a total of 41,914 United States Baby Boomers, who represented a population size of 69,554,339. In 2016, the HCV screening rate among Baby Boomers was 13.9%. In the multivariate logistic regression, we found that Asians had 27% lower odds of receiving an HCV screening compared to Blacks (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, P = .02). People who lived in the Northeast, South, and West had a higher likelihood of having an HCV screening than those who lived in the Midwest (OR = 1.33, 1.39, and 1.69, respectively; all P values Conclusion Future studies or interventions are needed to target these disadvantaged populations to improve HCV screening in Baby Boomers.
A proposed mechanism for high pathogen-caused mortality in the seed bank of an invasive annual grass

Abstract Pyrenophora semeniperda can infect nondormant Bromus tectorum seeds under optimal germination conditions, but most escape mortality. This reduces pathogen fitness relative to infection of dormant seeds, which are almost always killed. However, field experiments showed that a large proportion of seeds killed following inoculum addition were not accounted for as dormant seeds, but instead were likely nondormant seeds that would have germinated without inoculum addition. We hypothesized that widely fluctuating water availability to seeds would favor pathogenesis by delaying germination and allowing disease progression at water potentials below those that permit radicle emergence. To test this, nondormant host seeds were inoculated, imbibed for 8 or 24 h, subjected to controlled dehydration for 1–21 d, rehydrated, and scored for mortality. With dehydration at −4 MPa, mortality increased with dehydration duration after short or long imbibition. At −40 MPa, mortality increased with dehydration duration only after long imbibition. At −150 MPa, there was no effect of dehydration duration on generally low mortality. These results illustrate that fluctuating moisture can cause high nondormant seed mortality, explaining how this pathogen kills nondormant seeds.
A phase I/II study of fosbretabulin in combination with everolimus in neuroendocrine tumors that have progressed after at least one prior regimen for metastatic disease.

TPS4148Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) are rare tumors. Recent SEER database analysis shows consistent surge in the incidence of GEPNETs. Due to indolent nature o...
Reusable Multielectrode Array Technique for Electroencephalography in Awake Freely Moving Mice

Translational comparison of rodent models of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases to human electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers in these conditions will require multisite rodent EEG on the skull surface, rather than local area electrocorticography (ECoG) or multisite local field potential (LFP) recording. We have developed a technique for planar multielectrode array (MEA) implantation on the mouse skull surface, which enables multisite EEG in awake and freely moving mice and reusability of the MEA probes. With this method, we reliably obtain 30-channel low-noise EEG from awake mice. Baseline and stimulus-evoked EEG recordings can be readily obtained and analyzed. For example, we have demonstrated EEG responses to auditory stimuli. Broadband noise elicits reliable 30-channel auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), and chirp stimuli induce phase-locked EEG responses just as in human sound presentation paradigms. This method is unique in achieving chronic implantation of novel MEA technology onto the mouse skull surface for chronic multisite EEG recordings. Furthermore, we demonstrate a reliable method for reusing MEA probes for multiple serial implantations without loss of EEG quality. This skull surface MEA methodology can be used to obtain simultaneous multisite EEG recordings and to test EEG biomarkers in diverse mouse models of human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Reusability of the MEA probes makes it more cost-effective to deploy this system for various studies.
Neighborhood Poverty Increases Risk for Cigarette Smoking From Age 30 to 39

Background Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with higher rates of smoking. Few longitudinal studies have examined indicators of SES at both the neighborhood- and individual-level over time in conjunction with proximal risk factors of cigarette smoking. Purpose To examine associations of time-varying measures of SES, demographic factors, and proximal risk factors for smoking net of average trajectories of smoking behavior from ages 30 to 39 in a community sample. Methods Data from the Seattle Social Development Project (N = 752), a theory-driven longitudinal study originating in Seattle, WA, were used to estimate trajectories of smoking from age 30 to 39. Time-varying measures of neighborhood poverty, coworker smoking, partner smoking, depression, anxiety, education, income, marital status, and parenthood were associated with smoking over time using latent growth curve modeling. Results Results indicated that living in higher poverty neighborhoods was uniquely associated with a greater likelihood of smoking net of average trajectories of smoking from age 30 to 39, gender and race/ethnicity, time-varying measures of SES and demographics, and time-varying measures of proximal risk factors for smoking. Conclusions Living in higher poverty neighborhoods presents a unique risk for smoking among adults aged 30 to 39 above and beyond multiple aspects of SES and other potential mechanisms relating SES to smoking.
Coupled Field Equations

Modeling of physical processes may lead to coupled field equations arising from the presence of deformation, fluid flow, heat transfer, moisture diffusion, oxidation, electrical potential, and vacancy diffusion. Therefore, this chapter describes the application of PDDO for the solution of the following linear and nonlinear coupled field equations:
Studies on the Mechanism of Organic Anion Transport by the Liver

The organic anions bilirubin and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) circulate tightly bound to albumin, but are rapidly and efficiently extracted from their albumin carrier by hepatocytes (Scharschmidt et al., 1975; Stollman et al., 1983). These organic anions are transported into cell cytosol where they bind to soluble proteins, primarily glutathione (GSH)-S-transferases before conjugation and biliary excretion (Wolkoff et al., 1978). Previous studies in intact animals and isolated perfused liver revealed that uptake of bilirubin and BSP is mutually competitive and saturable (Goresky, 1964; Scharschmidt et al., 1975). Countertransport and a preloading effect have been reported (Scharschmidt et al., 1975) and the uptake mechanism has been suggested to be one of facilitated diffusion. Although several candidate transport proteins have been proposed, the identity of the putative carrier is not clear (Lunazzi et al., 1982; Stremmel et al., 1983; Wolkoff and Chung, 1980; Wolkoff et al., 1985).
In Vitro Testing of Sunscreens for Dermal Absorption: A Platform for Product Selection for Maximal Usage Clinical Trials.

Sunscreen products contain UV filters as active ingredients for the protection of the skin against UVR. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a new proposed rule in 2019 (84.FR.6204) for sunscreens and identified the need for additional safety data for certain UV filters including their dermal absorption data. Dermal absorption data reveal systemic exposure of UV filters in humans, which can be obtained from clinical maximal usage trials. FDA guidance recommends conducting in vitro skin permeation tests (IVPTs) to help select formulations for maximal usage clinical trials as IVPT results may be indicative of in vivo absorption. This case study reports in vitro methodologies used for the selection of sunscreen products for an FDA-sponsored proof-of-concept maximal usage clinical trial. An IVPT method was developed using human cadaver skin. Commercially available sunscreen products were tested to determine the skin absorption potential of common UV filters using the IVPT. All the studied sunscreen products demonstrated a certain degree of skin absorption of UV filters using IVPT, and a formulation rank order was obtained. These sunscreen products were also characterized for several formulation properties including the globule size in emulsions, which was found to be an indicator for the rank order.
Controlled studies of ozone's effects on human health

Human health is probably the most important reason for concern over atmospheric ozone pollution. Controlled studies of humans cannot answer some questions concerning possible long-term harmful effects, but they can provide the most definitive means of documenting short-term, adverse effects which are likely to occur in ambient exposures. Lung function tests, biochemial analyses of red blood cells, and clinical evaluations have revealed harmful short-term effects in some volunteers exposed to ozone concentrations of 0.4 to 0.5 ppm under conditions simulating ambient exposures. One laboratory has reported adverse changes after exposures to 0.1 ppm, but these findings have not been independently confirmed as yet. Factors which may modify toxic responses to ozone include preexisting disease, biological adaptation, and coexisting pollutants which may enhance toxicity.
A Community Pediatric Camp Escape Room: An Interactive Approach to Applying Real-Life Critical Thinking Skills:

Background. Escape rooms have been utilized to incorporate teamwork, communication, policy, and procedures reinforcement, as well as clinical care. Often themed, escape rooms challenge a team of pl...
Immunoaffinity purification of endogenous proteins from S. cerevisiae for post-translational modification and protein interaction analysis.

Summary Protein regulation by post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions is critical to controlling molecular pathways. Here, we describe an immunoaffinity purification approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protocol uses an endogenously-expressed epitope-tagged protein and can be applied to the identification of post-translational modifications or protein binding partners. The lysine methyltransferase Set5 is used as an example here to purify phosphorylated Set5 and identify phosphosites; however, this approach can be applied to a diverse set of proteins in yeast. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jaiswal et al. (2020) .
Massive Star Formation

We will define a high-mass star as one with a final mass of greater than 10 M⊙. On the main sequence this group would include stars of spectral type O, B0, and B1. Although stars in this mass range are few in number compared with low-mass stars, they are extremely important with regard to galactic chemical evolution and the physics of the interstellar medium. Stars in this mass range (actually down to about 8 M⊙) evolve to become Type II supernovae which produce and eject a significant amount of the heavy-element material in the Galaxy. The heavy elements act as cooling agents in the interstellar gas, promoting the formation of later generations of stars. The UV radiation from the massive stars and the concomitant generation of HII regions, along with strong stellar winds, and eventually supernovae remnants stir, energize, and heat the ISM, producing fascinating observable structures. The resulting dynamical effects are thought, in some cases, to induce the formation of a new generation of stars in the surrounding medium (Chap. 2). On the other hand, the resulting ionization and heating can erode nearby molecular cloud material and suppress subsequent star formation in the neighborhood. The brightness of HII regions allows them to be a useful tool in estimating the star formation rate in distant galaxies. The UV radiation from massive stars can have a significant effect on the evaporation of protostellar disks around lower-mass stars in the same cluster.
Black-White Differences in the Consumption of Cosmetics: Aggregate and Socio-Cultural, Dimensions

Black-White differences in the consumption of cosmetics are substantial, persistent and pervasive. Aggregate secondary data on consumption patterns are used to describe such differences. They are explained in terms of the socio-cultural influences on cosmetics usage, such as styles of personal grooming and prevailing beauty standards in the society. Implications of the analysis for minority marketing are presented. Key questions and issues are suggested for future consumer behavior research on Black consumption of cosmetics.
Brown midrib-3 corn silage improves digestion but not performance of growing beef steers.

The brown midrib-3 (bm3) gene mutation has been incorporated into corn plants to potentially improve fiber digestibility. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of bm3 corn silage on digestion and performance of growing beef steers and to determine whether limiting intake would further enhance fiber digestibility of bm3 corn silage. A bm3 hybrid and its isogeneic normal counterpart were harvested at three-quarters kernel milk line. Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, and ADL were 4.5, 6.9, and 1.9 units lower, respectively, and DM was 5.4 units higher for bm3 than for normal silage. In Trial 1, eight ruminally fistulated Angus crossbred steers (224 +/- 24 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Steers had ad libitum feed access or were restricted to 80% of ad libitum intake of diets containing 86% normal corn silage (Control) or bm3 corn silage (BMCS). The remainder of the diets consisted of soybean meal, urea, monensin, vitamins, and minerals. Dry matter intake was greater (P 0.10), compared with those steers receiving the Control silage. This resulted in poorer (P 0.10) due to treatment. Although feeding BMCS in growth-phase diets resulted in increased daily DMI and improved digestibility of DM and fiber, it did not result in improved steer feedlot ADG compared with Control silage.