cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VNI Cures Acute and Chronic Experimental Chagas Disease

Chagas disease is a deadly infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Afflicting approximately 8 million people in Latin America, Chagas disease is now becoming a serious global health problem proliferating beyond the traditional geographical borders, mainly because of human and vector migration. Because the disease is endemic in low-resource areas, industrial drug development has been lethargic. The chronic form remains incurable, there are no vaccines, and 2 existing drugs for the acute form are toxic and have low efficacy. Here we report the efficacy of a small molecule, VNI, including evidence of its effectiveness against chronic Chagas disease. VNI is a potent experimental inhibitor of T. cruzi sterol 14α-demethylase. Nontoxic and highly selective, VNI displays promising pharmacokinetics and administered orally to mice at 25 mg/kg for 30 days cures, with 100% cure rate and 100% survival, the acute and chronic T. cruzi infection.
The Perception of Ideological Distance

Data from national election studies in Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the U.S. were analyzed to test hypotheses concerning the perception of ideological distance between parties and candidates. The first hypothesis, derived from Sherif's social judgment theory and Heider's balance theory, was of a U-shaped function between self-placement and the perception of ideological distance. This hypothesis, that extremists would perceive relatively greater distance than moderates, who in turn, would perceive more distance than centrists, was supported in data from each of the four countries. Moreover, this relationship remained significant in the regression analyses of U.S. data when a host of demographic and political variables were controlled. The second hypothesis, that voters would perceive more distance than nonvoters, was supported in bivariate analyses of U.S. data, but the relationship was not significant in the regression analyses. The third hypothesis was that people voting for a candidate outside the political mainstream would perceive less distance between the mainstream candidates than people who voted for the mainstream candidates. Data from the 1968 U.S. election did not support this hypothesis.
Use of Home Parenteral Nutrition in Patients With Intra-abdominal Desmoid Tumors

Background: Fistulae, small bowel obstruction (SBO), and malabsorption are complications of intra-abdominal desmoid (IAD) tumors that require home parenteral nutrition (HPN). HPN outcomes in patients with IAD tumors have not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to compare some of the nutrition parameters and complications of HPN in patients with IAD with a control group of patients on HPN. Methods: This was a case-control study of patients and randomly selected controls who required HPN because of fistulae, SBO, or malabsorption and were managed by the Cleveland Clinic Nutrition Support Team between 1990 and 2008. Variables included demographics, indications, number of episodes, duration of HPN, number of admissions and complications related to HPN, and nutrition parameters. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Eighteen of 1615 HPN patients (1.1%) had IAD. For the study, 58 patients were included: 14 with IAD and 44 controls. Four IAD patients did n...
Infant Timekeeping: Attention and Temporal Estimation in 4-Month-Olds

Four-month-old infants were exposed to sequences in which a 2-s light stimulus alternated with dark interstimulus periods whose length was manipulated to be 3 or 5 s. A predictable on-off pattern occurred for eight trials, but the light stimulus was omitted on the ninth trial. Infants showed heart rate responses on the omission trial that were closely synchronized with the expected recurrence of the stimulus. In addition, these heart rate patterns were observed predominantly in infants who had previously shown high levels of sustained attention in pretests with visual stimuli. These findings indicate remarkable precision in infants' estimation of time intervals, and suggest that the link between time estimation and attentional processes is present in early infancy.
On the design and management of heterogeneous networks: a predictability-based perspective

While great strides have been made in the design and deployment of commercial networks over the past two decades, relatively little progress has been made toward the realization of large-scale tactical military networks. The primary reasons for this disparity include the fact that commercial telecommunication networks are predominantly wired, relatively stable infrastructures, whereas tactical networks consist largely of wireless mobile nodes with unique operating characteristics in hostile environments. Wireless networks must cope with dynamic link conditions not present in wired infrastructures, which place a heavy burden on quality of service management solutions. Managing QoS in the face of constantly changing operating conditions demands dynamic management approaches that span multiple layers in the protocol stack. Such cross-layer design approaches have recently received attention in the context of cellular and mobile ad hoc networks. However, there are still a wide range of opinions and definitions about what exactly CLD entails, and there is no fundamental guidance concerning how to apply CLD techniques in various environments. In this article we introduce the notion of network predictability and describe its relationship to achievable QoS. This relationship is used to propose a framework for CLD that can be used to guide development efforts and direct investment decisions for future military networks. The framework also contains the notion of a crosslayer coherence length, which determines the protocol layers across which the highest degree of coupling, or correlation, should be present in order to realize the greatest possible gains in achievable QoS.
Complex interactions of NO/cGMP/PKG systems on Ca2+ signaling in afferent arteriolar vascular smooth muscle

Little is known about the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and the cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) system on Ca2+ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of resistance vessels in gene...
Power Management for Real-Time Embedded Systems on Block-Partitioned Multicore Platforms

Power management has become a very important research area and various approaches have been proposed. As an energy-efficient architecture, chip multiprocessor (CMP) has been widely adopted by chip manufacturers. In this paper, we study power management schemes for real-time systems on block-partitioned multicore platforms, where the processing cores are grouped into different blocks and cores on one block share the same power supply voltage (thus have the same frequency). We evaluate the energy efficiency of different block configurations. Simulation results show that block-partitioned CMP has its inherent advantages to fulfill the goal of power efficiency and low design complexity for future CMPs.
Diagenesis and distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic sediment in the southern Bering Sea

Late Cenozoic ash deposits cored in Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 19 in the far northwest Pacific and in the Bering Sea have altered to bentonite beds. Some bentonite layers were subsequently replaced by carbonate beds. A significant part of the Neogene volcanic history of land areas adjacent to the far north Pacific is represented by these diagenetic deposits. Bentonite beds are composed of authigenic smectite and minor amounts of clinoptilolite. Authigenic smectite has fewer illite layers than detrital smectite. Opal-A and opal-CT, abundant in Bering Sea sediment, are not found in ash or bentonite layers. The percentage of smectite in the total clay-mineral assemblage of ash beds is greater than that for adjacent terrigenous sediment, but the total amount of clay minerals in ash sequences is less than in surrounding deposits. Morphology of the 17-A peak of smectite found in ash may represent newly formed, poorly crystalline smectite. Smectite becomes better crystallized as bentonite layers form. The percentage of smectite of the total clay-mineral assemblage in bentonite beds is greater than that in surrounding sediment, and, in contrast to ash beds, the total amount of clay minerals (mostly smectite) in bentonite layers is greater than in adjacent terrigenous sediment. Apparently, silica is not mobilized when volcanic ash layers transform to bentonite beds. Saponite-nontronite varieties of smectite and high Fe/Al and Ti/Al ratios distinguish bentonite beds derived from basaltic parent material from those beds formed from more silicic volcanic ash. These silicic ash beds produce bentonite composed mostly of montmorillonite. The basal sediment section at site 192 is rich with bentonite beds. Smectite in the upper part of this section (Eocene) was formed by low-temperature diagenesis of volcanic debris of intermediate or more silicic composition derived from arc or Pacific volcanoes. In contrast, smectite from the lowest 10 to 20 m of the sedimentary section (Cretaceous) is formed from either low-temperature or hydrothermal alteration of the underlying basaltic basement and associated pyroclastic debris. This near-basement smectite contains Mg and K acquired from sea water and Si, Al, Fe, Ti, and Mn released from the volcanic material.
Farber's disease: a fine structural study.

A l-week-old baby boy presented with hepatosplenomegaly, coarse facial features, and cloudy corneas. A metabolic storage disease was considered and he underwent cutaneous and liver biopsy. By light microscopy the skin was normal. Kupffer cells were enlarged and had foamy cytoplasm. Ultrastructural examination of skin and liver demonstrated features compatible with Farber's disease: curvilinear and “banana” bodies, zebra-like structures, and concentric lamellar bodies. A deficiency of lysosomal acid ceramidase was subsequently demonstrated in cultured fibroblasts and in liver tissue corroborating the ultrastructural findings.
Radical nerve‐sparing prostatectomy: The first 30 patients treated with epidural anesthesia

From August 1985 to January 1987, 30 patients were treated with radical nerve-sparing prostatectomy with epidural anesthesia. Transrectal ultrasound evaluation was available for the vast majority of these patients. Utilizing the anatomic techniques of early dorsal vein ligation, hypogastric artery control, and epidural anesthesia, blood loss was kept to a minimum, with 22 patients requiring no transfusions in this series. In addition, with the use of ultrasound, PSA (prostatic-specific antigen) determination, and pelvic CAT scan, 22 of the 30 patients (75%) had organ-confined disease. Twenty patients were potent preoperative and 14 are potent postoperative, for a potency rate of 70%.
Algorithms for quadratic transportation networks

Two dual algorithms for solving quadratic transportation problems are discussed and compared. Both algorithms include a similar line search subproblem. The performance of the algorithms is improved by combining two known line search techniques, the Bitran-Hax line search algorithm and the sequential line search algorithm. Results of a computational study carried out to identify the best method to solve quadratic transportation problems are presented. >
Social Environment and Physical activity: A review of concepts and evidence

The rapidly growing and evolving literature on the social environment and its influence on health outcomes currently lacks a clear taxonomy of dimensions of the social environment and the differing mechanisms through which each influences health-related behavior. This paper identifies five dimensions of the social environment-social support and social networks, socioeconomic position and income inequality, racial discrimination, social cohesion and social capital, and neighborhood factors-and considers each in the context of physical activity to illustrate important differences between them. Increasing the specificity of terminology and methods in social environmental research on health will enable more systematic inquiry and accelerate the rate of scientific discovery in this important area.
Oceanography of Glacier Bay, Alaska: Implications for biological patterns in a glacial fjord estuary

Alaska, U.S.A, is one of the few remaining locations in the world that has fjords that contain temperate idewater glaciers. Studying such estuarine systems provides vital information on how deglaciation affects oceanographic onditions of fjords and surrounding coastal waters. The oceanographic system of Glacier Bay, Alaska, is of particular interest ue to the rapid deglaciation of the Bay and the resulting changes in the estuarine environment, the relatively high oncentrations of marine mammals, seabirds, fishes, and invertebrates, and the Bay’s status as a national park, where ommercial fisheries are being phased out. We describe the first comprehensive broad-scale analysis of physical and iological oceanographic conditions within Glacier Bay based on CTD measurements at 24 stations from 1993 to 2002. easonal patterns of near-surface salinity, temperature, stratification, turbidity, and euphotic depth suggest that freshwater nput was highest in summer, emphasizing the critical role of glacier and snowmelt to this system. Strong and persistent tratification of surface waters driven by freshwater input occurred from spring through fall. After accounting for seasonal nd spatial variation, several of the external physical factors (i.e., air temperature, precipitation, day length) explained a large mount of variation in the physical properties of the surface waters. Spatial patterns of phytoplankton biomass varied hroughout the year and were related to stratification levels, euphotic depth, and day length. We observed hydrographic atterns indicative of strong competing forces influencing water column stability within Glacier Bay: high levels of freshwater ischarge promoted stratification in the upper fjord, while strong tidal currents over the Bay’s shallow entrance sill enhanced ertical mixing. Where these two processes met in the central deep basins there were optimal conditions of intermediate tratification, higher light levels, and potential nutrient renewal. These conditions were associated with high and sustained hlorophylla levels observed from spring through fall in these zones of the Bay and provide a framework for understanding he abundance patterns of higher trophic levels within this estuarine system.
Extracellular Matrix Molecules Improve Periodontal Ligament Cell Adhesion to Anorganic Bone Matrix

Bone replacement graft (BRG) materials are used in periodontal therapy to encourage new bone formation. Extracellular matrix proteins may improve periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) attachment to these materials. We demonstrate that PDLFs adhere well to the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen types I and IV. PDLFs express numerous ECM-receptor integrin subunit transcripts (α1, a2, a3, a4, a5, α11, (31, β5, and (38) at high levels, while others (a6, a9, aV, β3, (36, and β7) are expressed at reduced levels. Despite the fact that PDLFs adhere well to fibronectin and collagen type IV bound to plastic, and express integrins that recognize these ECM proteins, they do not attach well to anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABM) coated with these same proteins. However, the addition of vitronectin, laminin, or collagen type I to these same ABMs substantially increased PDL cell attachment. Thus, selective use of ECM proteins may be clinically useful in promoting cell att...
Detection of P waves in resting ECG: a preliminary study

Detection of atrial activity (P, atrial flutter, and fibrillation waves) in resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) is an important step in rhythm analysis. The authors describe the results of preliminary work on P wave detection on a training set of 33 ECGs and a test set of 37 ECGs. Data of leads II and V1 were used. Median QRS-STT segments were subtracted from the rhythm data and the residual in the QRS regions was zeroed. Resulting signals were low pass filtered, first and second differenced, and combined into a detection function, which was used to detect and delineate P waves. For all the detected P waves, indexes were computed based on P duration, P-R interval and P-P interval. The initial results are very encouraging. >
Changes in endometrial and placental protein synthesis and morphology during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the cat.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of the implanting cat blastocyst on endometrial morphology and protein synthesis. Placental and endometrial tissues were obtained from pregnant and pseudopregnant cats and then cultured with L[35Sjmethionine and analyzed for protein synthesis by 2.dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by.fluorography, and also processed for light microscopy. The progesterone.dependent protein (PDP), described previously by Boomsma and Verhage (Biol Reprod 1987; 37:117-126 [1]) and Verhage Ct al. (Biol Reprod 1989; 41:347-354) [2j), was identified by immunocytochemical and immunoblot analysis. Attachment began after 12 days, and the deep glands contained large deposits of PDP. By 20 days the placenta was well developed, and the deep endometrial glands under the placenta had regressed and lacked deposits of PDP. The placenta continued to develop and thicken as pregnancy progressed. The surface epitheium in the nonimplantation site regions developed extreme convolutions, while the well.developed deep glands with large deposits of PDP began to regress by 4 weeks, becoming similar to those in the implantation site. The endometrial glands in the pseudopregnant animals maintained deposits of PDP even though apoptotic bodies were observed between 20 and 35 days. PDP synthesis was not detected in the implantation site after 16 days, but it continued in the nonimplantation site through 5 weeks. The synthesis of nine other proteins was significantly altered by the end of implantation such that the pattern in the non-site endometrium was different from the implantation site but similar to the pattern found in the pseudopregnant endometrium. As pregnancy progressed, protein synthesis was altered in the placental/junctional zone and the non-site endometrium, but in the deep endometrial portion of the implantation site it was largely unchanged and similar to the deep portion of the non-site. Thus, the implanting cat blastocyst has a significant effect on the morphology of the implantation site and non-site endometrium, and alters the protein synthetic activity of the implantation site endometrium but apparently not the non-site region. The morphology and protein synthetic patterns of the pregnant cat uterus show regional differentiation and continue to change as pregnancy progresses.
Diurnal Variation of Surface Airflow and Rainfall Frequencies on the Island of Hawaii

Abstract The high-resolution Portable Automated Mesonet data from the Hawaiian Rainband Project are used to document the circulation over the entire island of Hawaii for the first time. It is shown that the surface airflow and rainfall occurrences over the island are strongly modulated by the diurnal heating cycle. Most areas over the island show daytime upslope and nighttime downslope components separated by morning and evening transitions. On the windward slope, the onset of the downslope (upslope) wind during the evening (morning) transition starts on the slopes and progresses downward. The effects of island blocking are also evident. On the windward slopes of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, the mean winds are weak (∼1 m s−1) due to flow deceleration. Flow splitting occurs in the Hilo Bay area as the trade winds are forced to move around the island. On the lee side, the trade winds are absent. For stronger trade-wind days, the island blocking is more significant with a higher surface pressure (0.2-0.5 hPa) on...
Giedion’s Figural Conception of Urban Space-Time & The Analysis of Le Corbusier’s Modern Urbanisms

Sigfried Giedion’s presentation of three figures to analyze urban space-time in history can be used in turn to understand often overlooked aspects of early modernist urban schemes, like Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin, the Pavilon de L’Esprit Nouveau, and the Contemporary City for Three Million Inhabitants. Giedion identifies a need for understanding the new scale of industrialized urban space-time with a synthetic frame of reference necessitating the movement and memory of a sentient viewer. This need had already been felt by avant-garde artists of the early twentieth century, with Cubist and Purist pictorial space presenting the viewer with a synthetic, simultaneous space by fracturing the picture plane and challenging the transparency of linear perspective. Recognizing that Le Corbusier utilized this synthetic viewing frame to produce his paintings and organize his buildings, exhibits and texts allows for the construction of an alternative history of Modernism that may be more useful to contemporary urban planners than the usual recourse to oversimplified caricatures of a history governed by the static frame.
Transverse Loop Colostomy

Transverse loop colostomy is performed when fecal diversion proximal to the splenic flexure is needed. This chapter lists the indications, essential steps, technical variations, and complications of this procedure. A detailed template operative dictation note is included.
Note: Resorting to Extraordinary Writs: How the All Writs Act Rises to Fill the Gaps in the Rights of Enemy Combatants

The indefinite detention of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base raises serious concerns about whether those detainees will receive the process and rights due to them under statute and whether they will have the power to pursue those rights. How, for instance, could a detainee pursue an effective appeal of the Combatant Status Review Tribunal without effective assistance of counsel? How could a detainee challenge his detention when the U.S. government renders that detainee to foreign custody? The All Writs Act is a broad and historic statute originally codified in the Judiciary Act of 1789 that provides that 'courts may issue all writs necessary or appropriate in aid of their respective jurisdictions and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.' The Act provides the courts with an equitable power to issue injunctions that ensure that litigants' substantive rights are not frustrated by interstices in the applicable law. It is in this Act that district courts exercising habeas corpus jurisdiction found the right to effective assistance of counsel and the right to thirty days' notice prior to transfer to foreign custody. The Military Commissions Act stripped the courts of habeas jurisdiction with respect to alien enemy combatants, but the equitable power of the All Writs Act can attach to any jurisdiction, including the appellate power given to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to review determinations made at Guantanamo Bay. This Note provides a roadmap for the standard that should apply when the courts consider whether to issue an All Writs Act injunction, and concludes that such injunctions are not only permissible but also an appropriate and important exercise of the courts' power.
Cyclo-oxygenase-1-selective inhibitor SC-560.

In the title compound, 5-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-1-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)-1H-pyrazole (SC-560), C17H12ClF3N2O, a COX-1-selective inhibitor, the dihedral angles between the heterocycle and the chlorobenzene and methoxybenzene rings are 41.66 (6) and 43.08 (7)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 59.94 (6)°. No classic hydrogen bonds are possible in the crystal, and intermolecular interactions must be mainly of the dispersion type. This information may aid the identification of dosage formulations with improved oral bioavailability.
A Cross-Layer Distributed Beamforming Approach to Increase Base Station Anonymity in Wireless Sensor Networks

In most applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), nodes act as data sources and forward measurements to a central base station (BS) that may also perform network management tasks. The critical role of the BS makes it a target for an adversary's attack. Even if a WSN employs conventional security primitives such as encryption and authentication, an adversary can apply traffic analysis techniques to find the BS. Therefore, the BS should be kept anonymous to protect its identity, role, and location. Previous work has demonstrated distributed beamforming to be an effective technique to boost BS anonymity in WSNs; however, the implementation of distributed beamforming requires significant coordination messaging that increases transmission activities and alerts the adversary to the possibility of deceptive activities. In this paper we present a novel, cross-layer design that exploits the integration of the control traffic of distributed beamforming with the MAC protocol in order to boost the BS anonymity while keeping the rate of node transmission at a normal rate. The advantages of our proposed approach include minimizing the overhead of anonymity measures and lowering the transmission power throughout the network which leads to increased spectrum efficiency and reduced energy consumption. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness our cross-layer design.
Multi-institutional Study Comparing the Height of Contrast During Performance of Voiding Cystourethrogram in Children.

Objective To assess the effect of contrast height during the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). The VCUG is the gold standard diagnostic test for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Variation in parameters may affect detection and grade of reflux. Materials and Methods In a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized, observational study, patients undergoing VCUG were selected. VCUG was performed per study protocol except for a change in contrast height. The initial fill was performed at 50 cm and the second at 100 cm. Data collected included presence and grade of VUR and volume filled. The actual bladder volume filled was normalized to the estimated bladder capacity (EBC) as a percentage. A Cohen's kappa coefficient of agreement was used to test for difference in the incidence of reflux and grade between contrast heights. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for differences in the percent EBC filled between heights. Results From May 2012 to November 2013, 184 patients were enrolled. Seventy-one patients (39%) exhibited VUR at 50 cm and 80 patients (43%) at 100 cm. The kappa coefficient of agreement between 50 cm and 100 cm showed substantial agreement, with no significant difference in VUR grade. The percent of EBC filled at each height was significantly different: %EBC filled at 50 cm: 101 ± 46 (range 9.2-228.3), and %EBC filled at 100 cm: 130 ± 56 (range 37.8-280.6) ( P Conclusion No significant difference was noted in the detection of VUR with different contrast heights. A significantly larger bladder volume was instilled at 100 cm.
Separation of bound and free vit. B12 on sephadex G-25 column.

Summary and conclusionsA good separation of bound from free Vit. B12 is obtained on Sephadex G-25 columns in mixtures containing free Vit. B12 and Vit. B12 bound to binders of the normal human gastric juice. Sephadex G-25 fractionation method may be very useful in the assay of Vit. B12 binding capacity of biological Vit. B12 binders and intrinsic factor materials from human and animal sources.
The Promotion and Development of International Commercial Arbitration Between Private Parties Through Free Trade Agreements — The Way Forward for Taiwan

FTAs and international commercial arbitration both aim to encourage and facilitate international trade and transactions. FTAs are therefore a fitting vehicle to promote and develop international commercial arbitration. As seen in Article 2022 of the North American Free Trade Agreement and similar FTAs, there seems to be a growing trend for FTAs to include provisions to encourage and facilitate the use of arbitration for the settlement of international commercial disputes between private parties.The author is of the view that Taiwan would benefit a great deal from promoting and developing international commercial arbitration through its FTAs, and that this would be in line with its recent initiatives and reforms to transform itself into a dispute resolution hub similar to Hong Kong and Singapore. Going forward, Taiwan can perhaps go further in its FTAs with regard to the Parties’ obligations.
Multi-step prediction of experienced travel times using agent-based modeling

Abstract This paper develops an agent-based modeling approach to predict multi-step ahead experienced travel times using real-time and historical spatiotemporal traffic data. At the microscopic level, each agent represents an expert in a decision-making system. Each expert predicts the travel time for each time interval according to experiences from a historical dataset. A set of agent interactions is developed to preserve agents that correspond to traffic patterns similar to the real-time measurements and replace invalid agents or agents associated with negligible weights with new agents. Consequently, the aggregation of each agent’s recommendation (predicted travel time with associated weight) provides a macroscopic level of output, namely the predicted travel time distribution. Probe vehicle data from a 95-mile freeway stretch along I-64 and I-264 are used to test different predictors. The results show that the agent-based modeling approach produces the least prediction error compared to other state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art methods (instantaneous travel time, historical average and k -nearest neighbor), and maintains less than a 9% prediction error for trip departures up to 60 min into the future for a two-hour trip. Moreover, the confidence boundaries of the predicted travel times demonstrate that the proposed approach also provides high accuracy in predicting travel time confidence intervals. Finally, the proposed approach does not require offline training thus making it easily transferable to other locations and the fast algorithm computation allows the proposed approach to be implemented in real-time applications in Traffic Management Centers.
ORIGINS AND CONSEQUENCES OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN BRAZIL

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the origins and consequences of import substitution in Brazil. When the price of the product increases more than other prices—the characteristic of a potential import substitute during a real devaluation—a much larger profit margin is created. The exogenous shock of the war permitted the earlier excess capacity to be utilized, and carried the industrialization process a step further to the point of substantial replacement of previous imports that hitherto had continued to compete. The lack of association between the rate of growth of output and the degree to which industrialization was import substitutive is equally impressive. Import substitution in terms of the reduction of the import coefficient is a descriptive rather than analytic concept. Layered development may limit the economy not only by causing profitable social investments to be bypassed because interdependences are ignored but also by impeding the development of an indigenous technology.
Quantum Cellular Automata Models for General Dirac Equation

The goal of this study is to provide an exact unitary quantum cellular automata that, under discrete time steps, converges towards the Generalized Dirac Equation (GDE) in the continuum limit. The evolutionary rules for such a single particle walk are discussed in this paper, and it is shown that this quantum celluar automata will maintain similar properties to the GDE.
Etanercept and Corticosteroid Therapy for the Treatment of Late-Onset Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome

Abstract Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that typically occurs within the first 100 days after transplantation. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) has been shown to be a key mediator of IPS, and the TNF-α binding protein etanercept appeared to improve IPS outcomes in small retrospective and prospective studies. IPS also has been observed to occur later (>100 days) after HSCT; however, little is known about the disease course and whether a TNF-α–based therapeutic strategy is efficacious in these patients. To address this question, we performed a retrospective analysis of 23 patients who underwent HSCT between 2004 and 2016 at our institution who developed late-onset IPS and received treatment with etanercept and high-dose corticosteroids (CS). Ten of the 23 patients (43%) attained a complete clinical response to etanercept and CS. Responses were significantly more likely to occur in patients who did not require positive pressure ventilation at the time of diagnosis. Those who responded experienced a durable survival benefit, with a 2-year overall survival of 67%. In the 13 patients (57%) who did not respond to etanercept and CS, the median overall survival was only 13 days (range, 1 to 60 days). The difference in 2-year overall survival between responders and nonresponders was statistically significant (67% versus 0%; P
Rate of Change of Premeal Glucose Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring Predicts Postmeal Glycemic Excursions in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Therapy.

Background:Patients with type 1 diabetes routinely utilize a single premeal fingerstick glucose to determine premeal insulin doses. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides much richer glycemic trend information, including glycemic slope (GS). How to incorporate this information into dosing decisions remains an open question.Methods:We examined the relationship between premeal GS and postmeal glycemic excursions in 240 individuals with type 1 diabetes receiving CGM augmented insulin pump therapy. Over 23.5 million CGM values were synchronized with 264 500 meals. CGM values were integrated 2 hours premeal to compute GS and 2 hours postmeal to compute glycemic excursion outcomes. Postmeal hyperglycemia (integrated CGM glucose >180 mg/dL*hr) and postmeal hypoglycemic events (any CGM glucose < 70 mg/dL) were tabulated according to positive/negative premeal GS and according to GS bins commonly displayed as rate-of-change arrows on CGM devices.Results:Positive versus negative premeal GS was associated with ...
Immediate angioplasty was better than streptokinase in acute MI

Source Citation de Boer MJ, Hoorntje JC, Ottervanger JP, Reiffers S, Suryapranata H, et al. Immediate coronary angioplasty versus intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: left vent...
Measure valued differentiation for stochastic neural networks

Stochastic neural networks serve as general models useful for machine learning problems. Several models on discrete state spaces have been studied, and their proposed gradient estimation procedures are based on having closed form solutions for the resulting probability distributions. The methods exploit constraints on network connectivity, such as symmetry, or the absence of cycles. Our interest is in the general case of long-term average cost in networks with arbitrary connectivity, where only knowledge of the transition probabilities is available. We propose an algorithm that computes descent directions based on simultaneous perturbation analysis and measure valued differentiation.
Memo to the newest generation of gene hunters: read Jay Joseph

AbstractMolecular biologists searching for the genes for schizophrenia assume the genes exist because they have faith in the schizophrenia family, twin, and adoption studies. Most textbooks and review chapters do not go back to the original material and instead rely on what previous reviewers have stated. In contrast, Jay Joseph has analyzed in great detail the primary literature. It would behoove those in search of these genes to read Joseph’s latest book.
Path Planning for a Connectivity Seeking Robot

We consider the scenario where an unmanned vehicle needs to get connected to a remote station (or another robot). More specifically, we consider the case where an unmanned vehicle is not connected in its current location and needs to incur motion energy to find a connected spot. We are then interested in designing robot paths that are energy efficient (minimum traveled distance) and can result in guaranteed connectivity in realistic channel environments that can experience multipath, shadowing, and path loss. In this paper, we show how this problem can be optimally and efficiently solved, under mild conditions on the paths, using tools from stochastic dynamic programming. Our extensive simulations, with real channel parameters, then confirm that our approach can significantly reduce the traveled distance to connectivity, thus minimizing the total energy consumption.
Do inclusive trauma systems improve outcomes after renal trauma

Background:Our aim is to assess state variation in renal trauma outcomes. We hypothesize that states with more hospitals participating in a trauma system will have lower nephrectomy and mortality rates.Methods:The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database was used to conduct a
The composition of the Guan Wuliangshoufo-jing : Some Buddhist and Jaina parallels to its narrative frame

Le Guan-jing est le sutra de la contemplation du Bouddha a la vie immesurable. Il s'agit d'un des textes canoniques de ce que l'on nomme le bouddhisme de la terre pure. Ainsi, le Guan-jing est tres important dans les ecoles japonaises de la terre pure, le Jodoshu et le Jodo Shinshu. Le Guang-jing est une predication sur le moyen de renaitre dans la terre pure; on y rencontre des descriptions visuelles de la terre pure de Bouddha Amitayus. L'A. s'interesse a la composition du Guan-jing a travers des paralleles bouddhistes et jainiques quant a son cadre narratif
Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Values of Digital Objects in FarmVille2.

This paper describes the findings of a textual and structural analysis of the free-to-play social networking game FarmVille 2 (FV2) with a focus on the values (social, economic, etc.) available to players for digital objects within the game. FV2 is purportedly a social game, which might suggest that findings regarding the social values of objects from the study of material culture could play out in the game, as they have been shown to do in other games. However, the author’s experience suggested that people who were not playing within an already existing network of friends might not show the kinds of digital virtual consumption patterns that previous research has found in social gaming. Instead, this paper suggests the possibility that a strong community may be necessary for the attribution of symbolic value to virtual goods, and that FV2 as played on alternate Facebook accounts may provide an example of a negative case for this basic tenet of the study of material culture.
Smartphone-based delivery of oropharyngeal exercises for treatment of snoring: a randomized controlled trial

Upper airway exercises for snoring treatment can be effective but difficult to administer and monitor. We hypothesized that a brief, relatively simple daily upper airway exercise regimen, administered by a smartphone application, would reduce snoring and encourage compliance. Targeted vowel sounds causing tongue base movements were incorporated into a voice-controlled smartphone game application. Participants with habitual snoring, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≤ 14 events/h, and BMI ≤ 32 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to perform 15 min of daily gameplay (intervention group) or 5 s of daily voice recording (control group) and to audio record their snoring for 2 nights/week for up to 12 weeks. Sounds above 60 dB were extracted from recordings for snore classification with machine learning support vector machine classifiers. Sixteen patients (eight in each group) completed the protocol. Groups were similar at baseline in gender distribution (five males, three females), mean BMI (27.5 ± 3.8 vs 27.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2), neck circumference (15.1 ± 1.6 vs 14.7 ± 1.7 in.), Epworth Sleepiness Score (8 ± 3.5 vs 7 ± 4.0), and AHI (9.2 ± 4.0 vs 8.2 ± 3.2 events/h). At 8 weeks, the absolute change in snoring rate (> 60 dB/h) was greater for the intervention group than the control group (− 49.3 ± 55.3 vs − 6.23 ± 23.2; p = 0.037), a 22 and 5.6% reduction, respectively. All bed partners of participants in the intervention group reported reduced snoring volume and frequency, whereas no change was reported for the control group. Smartphone application-administered upper airway training reduces objective and subjective snoring measures and improves sleep quality. ClinicalTrials.gov ; no.: NCT03264963; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
Some activity approaches to teaching children the concepts of money

This is a game that teachers can easily modify or adapt to their own individual classrooms and use as an exciting motivational stimulus to developing money concepts. Money Maker is fairly well selfdirected and requires from two to four players. The objectives of the game, as presented by WYMOLAMP,1 are to learn the basic facts of the addition and subtraction of whole numbers, and to learn to count and to make change with money. The game can also be made to fit multiplication and division or to include all four basic operations.
Disclosure of amyloid PET scan results: A systematic review.

Abstract The increasing use of biomarker tests for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in research and, to a much lesser extent, specialty care settings has led to questions concerning how individuals may react to learning of their AD biomarker status in the absence of a cure or preventative treatment. The purpose of this chapter is to systematically review the published evidence regarding amyloid imaging results disclosure and to synthesize findings across studies with a focus on the psychological, social, and behavioral outcomes of such results disclosure. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched six electronic databases, screened 265 articles, and reviewed seven publications in depth. Most studies were descriptive in nature and lack control groups. However, as a group, these articles provide important early insights into the psychological safety of disclosing amyloid imaging results to cognitively normal persons, and highlight the need for rigorously designed studies that address social and behavioral outcomes and extend to symptomatic populations.
An Online College Near Me: Exploring the Institutional Factors of E-Learners’ Local Orientation

One advantage of online learning settings relative to conventional classrooms is their anytime, anywhere accessibility. While online education programs provide students with flexible learning opportunities free from the restrictions of geographic location, a consistently growing number of students who prefer to learn exclusively online still choose nearby colleges. The choice to attend a local college by exclusively online learners is an interesting phenomenon, because most of these students rarely visit campus at any point in the process of obtaining their degrees. This study aims to explain this localized distance student enrollment pattern using Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System data and Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data from the fall of 2016. This research uses a multiple regression technique to explain the relationship between institutional factors and localized distance student enrollment patterns in the US. This study utilizes the C2Q (cost, convenience, and quality) model to explain the local orientation of e-learners. The findings show that convenience and quality of education are significantly associated with each local institution’s share of exclusively online learners in the same state.
Lake Martin, Louisiana sediments as a record of geomorphology, paleoenvironment, and human activities

There are relatively few lake sediment records from the southeastern United States that span sufficient time to characterize the environment prior to substantial anthropogenic disturbance. This has made it difficult to characterize the magnitude and timing of the impact of industrial human activities within the context of natural variability. The objective of this study was therefore to use weight percent organic matter, carbon to nitrogen ratios, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, and weakly bound lead concentrations from Lake Martin, a small oxbow lake in southern Louisiana, to (1) characterize natural variability in lake carbon and nitrogen cycling within the last several millennia in a vastly understudied region of the US and (2) assess the impact of recent human activities such as agriculture, land-use change, and industrial activities on the water and sediment quality of the lake. The basal sediments from Lake Martin are distinctive in color and character and likely derive from a large paleo-lake that catastrophically drained in the late Holocene. The last 1100 years of the record demonstrates a gradual transition from a system with moderate amounts of terrestrial materials to one dominated by aquatic organic matter likely due to the transition from a lotic to lentic system. Coincident with when the Acadians settled in the Lafayette area around 200 years ago, further changes are apparent in the sediment record, but do not display the hallmark signs of either land-use change or cultural eutrophication. This may be because lake levels are low and led to the efficient oxidation and recycling of organic matter.
Effect of luteinizing hormone level on the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in the different ovarian response patients with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol

Objective To explore the optimal time of adding antagonist and the reasonable range of luteinizing hormone (LH) level on the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection day. Methods The data of 1 327 cases of GnRH-A protocol were retrospectively analyzed. According to the antral follicle count (AFC), the patients were divided into three groups: 1)poor ovarian responder (AFC≤5,n=278); 2) normal ovarian responder (6≤AFC≤15,n=756); 3) high ovarian responder (AFC≥16,n=293), and then each group was divided into two or three subgroups according to the LH level on antagonist administered day or the hCG injection day, the clinical outcomes were compared amomg the groups. Results 1) There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between LH<5 IU/Land≥5 IU/L groupson the day of antagonist addition, but for the poor ovarian responders,administration ofthe antagonist when LH≥5 IU/L could get higher high-quality embryos rate; for the normal ovarian responders, administration of the antagonist when LH≥5 IU/L could reduce the duration of Gn used. 2) Regardless of ovarian response, the serum LH level on the hCG injection day did not affect the pregnancy outcome. Conclusion The LH level on the antagonist administered day and the hCG injection day did not affect the pregnancy outcomes. However, the optimum LH level of follicular phase may vary in different ovarian responders. Key words: GnRH antagonist (GnRH-A) protocol; Luteinizing hormone (LH) level of follicular phase; Ovarian response; Pregnancy outcome
Breeding Ratio in U233 and Pu239 Fueled Reactors

Breeding ratios for clean near-thermal systems containing only U233 and moderator have been presented by Chernick and Moore (1). The present work treats Pu239 systems also and extends the results i...