cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bridgework: STS, Sociology, and the “Dark Matters” of Race

This short essay reflects on intellectual bridges that scholars have built, are building, and could build to connect critical sociologies of race and STS. Whereas much work in these respective fields have rarely intersected, greater exchange could help scholars better account for ways in which race shapes and stratifies contemporary societies. To this end, the essay begins with a recent example of bridgework—research on race and genetics. Next, I use my own research on ethnoracial statistics to describe how bridgework happening elsewhere can indirectly create openings for connections across the divide. Finally, I propose that research on the broader sociotechnical materiality of race and racial domination represents an important site for further bridgework.
A Multi-level Contextual Model for Person Recognition in Photo Albums

In this work, we present a new framework for person recognition in photo albums that exploits contextual cues at multiple levels, spanning individual persons, individual photos, and photo groups. Through experiments, we show that the information available at each of these distinct contextual levels provides complementary cues as to person identities. At the person level, we leverage clothing and body appearance in addition to facial appearance, and to compensate for instances where the faces are not visible. At the photo level we leverage a learned prior on the joint distribution of identities on the same photo to guide the identity assignments. Going beyond a single photo, we are able to infer natural groupings of photos with shared context in an unsupervised manner. By exploiting this shared contextual information, we are able to reduce the identity search space and exploit higher intra-personal appearance consistency within photo groups. Our new framework enables efficient use of these complementary multi-level contextual cues to improve overall recognition rates on the photo album person recognition task, as demonstrated through state-of-theart results on a challenging public dataset. Our results outperform competing methods by a significant margin, while being computationally efficient and practical in a real world application.
Methods of Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists: Vector and Tensor Algebra and Calculus

In this chapter, we work with objects that possess a magnitude and a direction. These objects are known as physical vectors or simply vectors . There are two types of vectors: bound vectors , which are fixed to a specified point in the space, and free vectors, which are allowed to move around in the space. Ironically, free vectors are often used when working in rigid domains, whereas bound vectors are often used when working in flowing or flexible domains. We mostly deal with bound vectors. We denote vectors with underlined bold letters, such as v , and we denote scalars with nonunderlined letters, such as a, unless otherwise noted. Familiar examples of vectors are velocity, acceleration, and forces. For these vectors, the concept of direction and magnitude are natural and easy to grasp. However, it is important to note that vectors can be built depending on the user's interpretation and objectives. As long as a magnitude and direction can be attached to a physical property, then vector analysis can be used. For instance, for angular velocities of a rigid body, one needs to describe how fast the rotation is, whether the rotation is counterclockwise or clockwise, and where the axis of rotation is. By attaching an arrow whose direction is along the axis of rotation, whose length determines how fast the rotation is, and pointing in the direction consistent with a counterclockwise or clockwise convention, the angular velocity becomes a vector. In our case, we adapt the right-hand screw convention to represent the counterclockwise direction as a positive direction (see Figure 4.1).
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Sources and Their Management

Abstract Residues of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), often accompanied by a complex array of metabolic products, can gain entry to the environment from the collective contributions of countless sources spread across society. They emanate primarily via excretion, bathing, disposal, and manufacture. Central to the development of sustainable approaches for reducing the entry of APIs to the environment is a comprehensive understanding of their sources and origins. This can reveal which specific APIs enter the environment, in what quantities, and where, why, and how they gain entry. Understanding the sources and origins of APIs allows assessment of the ways in which sources can be prevented or minimized and ways in which the connections between sources and the environment can be reduced. A better understanding can also serve as an initial filter for selecting those APIs that should be targeted for environmental monitoring. This knowledge can also be used to better guide the prescribing habits of physicians and purchasing habits of consumers to reduce drug consumption, inform new legislation, or reveal data gaps, such as those APIs that have yet to receive attention as potential environmental contaminants.
Diet quality and sleep quality among day and night shift nurses

Aims To determine whether night shift workers have a poorer diet quality and sleep quality when compared with day shift nurses. Background There is a dearth of research investigating the association between diet quality and sleep quality of day and night shift nurses. Methods Data on nurses (n = 103) working either a day or night shift from two Midwestern hospitals were obtained from August 2015 to February 2016. The instruments used were the Diet History Questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Independent samples t-tests were used to examine differences in diet and sleep quality by work shift schedule. Results There were no statistically significant differences between nurses working day or night shift and sleep quality (P = 0.0684), as well as diet quality (P = 0.6499). There was a significant difference between both body mass index (P = 0.0014) and exercise (P = 0.0020) with regard to diet quality. Body mass index and sleep quality were also significantly associated (P = 0.0032). Conclusion Our study found no differences between day and night shift with regard to sleep and diet quality among nurses. Implications for nursing management Deliberate health initiatives and wellness programmes specifically targeting nurses are needed to increase knowledge about maintaining a healthy lifestyle while working as a nurse, whether it is day or night shift.
Increased Expression of EZH2 Is Associated with Inferior Survival in Primary Central Nervous System Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Introduction: Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are rare and aggressive diseases with a poorly understood biology. Due to clinical heterogeneity and lack of prognostic biomarkers, effective and less toxic therapies are yet to be discovered. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, was demonstrated to regulate cancer cell fate in response to DNA damage. EZH2 has been shown to be frequently overexpressed in various human cancers including lymphoma and is associated with inhibition of apoptosis through trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). The runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a downstream effector of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and is critical for promoting cell death and apoptosis. Various studies have shown RUNX3 downregulation as a result of EZH2 upregulation. We investigated the EZH2 and RUNX3 protein expression and its impact on clinical outcome in PCNSL. Methods: A retrospective clinicopathologic chart review was conducted and 33 cases with diagnosis of PCNSL at our institution were included. Cases of secondary CNS involvement by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and HIV-related PCNSL were excluded. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed using archived formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded tissue from 33 PCNSL cases. EZH2 and RUNX3 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and the staining was specifically classified based on percentage of the cells staining: 0 ( 75%) and staining intensity: negative, weak positive and strong positive. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Chi-square test was used to determine relationships between immunophenotypic subtype and protein expressions. Results: EZH2 and RUNX3 protein expression results were obtained in 25 out of 33 cases. The median age was 65 years (range 51-86 years) with a male:female ratio of 4:1. The majority of the cases were non-germinal center subtype (n=16, 64%) while the remaining 16% were germinal center subtype (n=9). Median OS was 11 months (range 2-120 months). Six out of 25 cases showed 3+ and strong staining for EZH2 while five cases were 2+, two were 1+ and the remaining was negative. The staining profile and number of cases for RUNX3 are as follows; 3+: seven, 2+: four, 1+: four, 0: 10. Strong and diffuse (3+) expression of EZH2 strongly correlated with inferior outcome (P=0.0045), independent of immunophenotypic subtype, while there was no significant correlation between OS and 0-2+ EZH2 expression. RUNX3 staining did not correlate with clinical outcome (P=0.67). Conclusions: Our data suggests a role of EZH2 overexpression in the pathogenesis of PCNSL. Overexpression of EZH2 appears to be an adverse prognostic factor and a potential target in PCNSL. Larger scale studies are warranted to elucidate the biology and prognostic utility of EZH2 in PCNSL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Secure transmission with matrix encryption and data compression mechanism

With emerging technology and support for 4G and 5G network, considering Internet and Intranet, the bandwidth is not a big of a problem as it was before. The main concern now is the implementation of security and how efficiently we can send the data to recipients. We have come up with an awesome concept that takes confidentiality and availability as mainstream. The idea in simple words is like our concept in addition to Dijkstra's algorithm running on SCTP will provide an excellent secure transmission of data over the network. The focus of our research is on how to handle the data in a different way so that we can reduce the amount of space needed for storage and helps to reduce the time and space complexity. This goal will again be helpful when there is a huge junk of data to be sent over the internet in a split of a second. The intent of using SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is that it is more reliable and has high throughput both in proactive and reactive manner.
A probabilistic description of entrainment instability for cloud-topped boundary-layer models

Cloud-top radiative and evaporative cooling effects on entrainment fluxes are essential to turbulence generation and growth of cloud-topped boundary layers. While the cloud radiative cooling effects are currently not well understood, their interaction with the cloud-top evaporation further complicates efforts to parameterize the phenomena due to the random behavior of the turbulent mixing at the cloud-top interface. Here we focus on the cloud-top mixing and treat the typical turbulent mixing eddy in a statistical manner to relate the mean evaporative cooling rate to the distribution of effective mixing fraction (defined as the fraction of air coming from the free atmosphere that enhances the entrainment flux). Existing observations suggest that this effective mixing fraction can be parsimoniously parameterized with beta distributions, the shape parameters of which control the locations of stability lines in the Cloud-Top Entrainment Instability (CTEI) diagrams used to discriminate between stable and unstable clouds. The probabilistic description of the cloud-top mixing process allows us to coherently reinterpret various forms of CTEI criteria and generalize them to form new cloud-top entrainment schemes. We expect that such schemes will help improve cloud dynamic models by embedding realistic distributions of the effective mixing fraction.
Loading of Extracellular Vesicles with Hydrophobically Modified siRNAs

Delivery represents a significant barrier to the clinical advancement of oligonucleotide therapeutics. Small, endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to act as oligonucleotide delivery vehicles, but robust and scalable methods for loading RNA therapeutic cargo into vesicles are lacking. Here we describe the efficient loading of hydrophobically modified siRNAs (hsiRNAs) into EVs upon co-incubation, without altering vesicle size distribution or integrity. This method is expected to advance the development of EV-based therapies for the treatment of a broad range of disorders.
Natural conifer regeneration patterns in temperate forests across the Inland Northwest, USA

Natural regeneration patterns of conifer species were studied. Seedling regeneration follows patterns responding to stand structure and site condition factors along shade and drought tolerance gradients. Our findings can assist in adaptive forest management for maintaining sustainable regeneration and plant biodiversity. Seedling regeneration can vary with stand factors of overstory trees and understory non-tree vegetation and site conditions. Natural seedling regeneration patterns of coniferous species were investigated using Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data of 10 common species across the Inland Northwest, USA. Zero-inflated negative binomial models were developed to understand the responses of natural regeneration to stand factors and site conditions. Seedling occurrence varies along shade and drought tolerance gradients responding to stand structure and site conditions. Two moderate shade-tolerant species of different drought tolerance contributed as a transition. Strong response patterns were revealed for seedling density, in which seedling density was improved with the presence of conspecific trees while limited by competition, especially from the understory vegetation layer. Overstory structure and understory vegetation could improve or hinder natural regeneration of coniferous tree species given different shade tolerance and site conditions. Our findings can be effectively implemented in adaptive forest management for maintaining sustainable regeneration of specific conifers in broad temperate mixed forests.
The Self-Torturer

A person is repeatedly given the option to increase his torture level by an undetectable increment, in exchange for $10,000. Each time, it seems rational to accept, but the end result is a life of agony that seems not worth the financial reward. The solution is to recognize that there can be an introspectively undetectable increment in pain, and that an undetectable harm can outweigh a detectable benefit.
Metabolic Support of Neural Plasticity: Implications for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Imagine a “magic bullet” for Alzheimer’s Disease, i.e., a therapy that would do more than just halt the degeneration--this novel treatment would restore the atrophied neocortex and perhaps even replace some of the lost information. Such a glamorous cure for Alzheimer’s disease carries with it a hidden requirement, one that has been relatively neglected in this area of research. The addition of cortical tissue late in life will impose new metabolic demands for synthesis of synaptic connections and the associated dendritic and axonal material. In addition, the volume expansion will tend to dilute metabolic support as the existing capillaries are spread apart. For these reasons any significant restoration of functional cortex will have to include some improvement in its metabolic support.
The Role of Adoption in Winning Public Recognition for Adult Partnerships

Adoption stands beside marriage as the most public of family institutions. It confers the imprimatur of the state on the transfer of parenthood from one legal parent to another. It does so in the name of protecting children's interests. Because adoption confers state approval, publicly with the full force of the law, it carries societal symbolism that extends well beyond its impact on any individual family.This article places adoption within the framework of our understanding of public and private spheres. It examines how assisted reproductive practices have developed from experimental treatment for infertility to the construction of families of choice, and how the changing role of assisted reproduction produces new challenges for the determination of parenthood. It describes the circumstances in which the state has historically intervened to supervise and sanction adoption. The role of adoption operates in tandem with the background law of parentage. Adoption succeeds in transferring recognition from one legal parent to another; it is less well designed to resolve uncertainty about who is a parent in the first place. This article concludes that adoption is most likely to be employed in the context of assisted reproduction, not to protect the interests of the child, but to secure recognition of otherwise unsanctioned adult relationships. In a polarized era of family values, the seemingly neutral arena of adoption may offer the best prospects for legal recognition of controversial relationships. The irony is that the most public of practices is most likely to be employed where its principal purpose is to advance the autonomy of adults, and to secure an otherwise unavailable zone of privacy.
You Can Call Me Ishi

The anthropologist Alfred Kroeber named me Ishi, the last man of the stone age. This performance text criticizes that formulation, locating it within the framework of colonial anthropology.
Microbial damage mitigation strategy in cementitious materials exposed to calcium chloride

Abstract Deterioration of concrete pavements in the United States has increased over the past decade. This damage is triggered by two possibilities: classic freeze-thaw behavior, as well as the formation of calcium oxychloride (CAOXY) that originates from calcium chloride (CaCl2) in deicing salt. CAOXY is an expansive phase leading to damage and cracking in the cementitious matrix. This study investigates use of alkaliphilic, spore-forming bacteria to mitigate formation of CAOXY. Cementitious samples were made with ordinary portland cement (OPC); OPC combined with nutrients; and OPC combined with bacteria and nutrients. Low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, sorption analyzer, and acoustic emissions were used to quantify the amount of CAOXY, calcium hydroxide, microstructural change, and damage caused by CaCl2 salt in the cementitious samples, respectively. It was observed that the addition of bacteria changes in the micropore structure of cement pastes and significantly reduces the formation of CAOXY.
Confronting the Ethics of Power in Collaborative Self-Study Research

Despite the focus on exploring self in self-study research, all forms of practitioner-researcher are socially located. Consequently, self-study is as much an exploration of the self, as much as it is of the not-self—the various other individuals that interact with a practitioner-researcher at any given time during a study (Hamilton & Pinnegar, 1998). Conducting research about the self and interacting with others inevitably leads to ethical questions about issues such as confidentiality, informed consent, and the nature of assent. Within collaborative self-studies, additional interpersonal ethical tensions arise concerning issues such as fairness and equity.
Prioritizing the control of emission sources to mitigate PM2.5 disparity in California

Abstract Previous research has investigated the spatial disparity of ambient PM2.5 concentrations in the context of environmental justice (EJ). However, source emissions associated with the PM2.5 disparity have not been well understood. In this study, we found 2.54 μg/m3 (40.9%, p
Programming implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in primary prevention: Guideline concordance and outcomes.

Background Inappropriate therapy is a common adverse effect in patients with an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) that may be prevented by appropriate programming. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of device programming based on a 2015 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement and a 2019 focused update on optimal ICD programming and testing. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent ICD insertion for primary prevention from 2014–2016 at 3 centers were included in the retrospective analysis. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on the tachycardia programming at the time of implant: guideline concordant group (GC) and non-guideline concordant group (NGC). Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate freedom from ICD therapy (antitachycardia pacing or shock), ICD shock, and death. Results A total of 772 patients were included in the study (mean age 63.3 ± 13.8 years). Of this total, 258 patients (33.4%) were in the GC group and 514 patients (66.6%) were in the NGC group. During mean follow-up of 2.02 ± 0.91 years, guideline concordant programming was associated with a 53% reduction in ICD therapy (P Conclusion Only one-third of the studied population had an ICD device programmed in concordance with current guidelines. ICD programming based on the current guidelines was associated with a significantly lower rate of ICD therapy and shock without changes in mortality during intermediate-term follow-up.
A phase I trial to assess the biologic effect of CBM588 (Clostridium butyricum) in combination with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (nivo/ipi) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

TPS764Background: The combination of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) nivo/ipi is standard of care for pts with intermediate/poor-risk clear cell RCC. Although data are encouraging, less tha...
God opposes the proud: James Cone, white theologians, and Proverbs 3:34:

James Cone uses Scripture primarily to defend the liberation of the oppressed as the central metanarrative of the Bible. This article shifts the focus from God’s privileging of the poor to God’s op...
Complying with conservation compliance? An assessment of recent evidence in the US Corn Belt

Conservation provisions of US farm bills since 1985 have been aimed at mitigating negative environmental impacts of US agriculture. One of the long term goals has been to protect against soil erosion, with a focus specifically on highly erodible land (HEL). Conservation Compliance (CC) mandates that, in order to receive federal subsidies, farmers who plant annual crops on HEL must implement a conservation plan, with practices such as rotating crops and no-till farming. When crop prices increase, however, the incentives not to follow the plan increase, as conservation activities can reduce farmers' profits. This study is the first to assess the performance of conservation compliance between 2007 and 2019, a period of historically high and variable crop prices, using geographical information system tools and crop data in a critical agricultural production region, the US Corn Belt. Our results indicate there was a substantial increase in continuous corn on HEL, a proxy measure for non-compliance, in several portions of the study area in correspondence with higher crop prices following the 2007 Energy Bill. This mirrored the change in crop rotations on all cropland. The increase was positively correlated with both absolute and relative corn prices. While at the height of absolute and relative corn prices there were increases in continuous corn on HEL everywhere across the study region except parts of Missouri, some of the largest changes occurred in environmentally sensitive regions and areas which use irrigation, thereby potentially creating disproportionate environmental impacts. Similar changes in continuous corn also occurred in all cropland in the region, indicating that mandatory conservation programs are as vulnerable to periods of high crop prices as voluntary programs. Better monitoring for both CC and other conservation programs is critical to ensure the policies work as intended.
Gardens of the Old Gods: Ecocriticism of Yggdrasil in the Eddas

The Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda serve as the primary texts from which we draw our modern understanding of ancient Norse mythology. Central in these myths is the role of nature, which is depicted in a ways that are closely associated with contemporary understandings of the world in which we live, and there is no better demonstration in of the ecological concepts in these tales then Ygdrasil. By understanding the ecological connections in ancient Norse mythology through the Ygdrasil imagery, it is possible to make the eco-critical analysis of the mythology while shedding light on the very real contemporary environmental threats to the basis of one of the central images of their mythology.
Globally diverse Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance acquisition: a retrospective geographical and temporal analysis of whole genome sequences.

Summary Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing (WGS) data can provide insights into temporal and geographical trends in resistance acquisition and inform public health interventions. We aimed to use a large clinical collection of M tuberculosis WGS and resistance phenotype data to study how, when, and where resistance was acquired on a global scale. Methods We did a retrospective analysis of WGS data. We curated a set of clinical M tuberculosis isolates with high-quality sequencing and culture-based drug susceptibility data (spanning four lineages and 52 countries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe) using public databases and literature curation. For inclusion, sequence quality criteria and country of origin data were required. We constructed geographical and lineage specific M tuberculosis phylogenies and used Bayesian molecular dating with BEAST, version 1.10.4, to infer the most recent common susceptible ancestor age for 4869 instances of resistance to ten drugs. Findings Between Jan 1, 1987, and Sept 12, 2014, of 10 299 M tuberculosis clinical isolates, 8550 were curated, of which 6099 (71%) from 15 countries met criteria for molecular dating. The number of independent resistance acquisition events was lower than the number of resistant isolates across all countries, suggesting ongoing transmission of drug resistance. Ancestral age distributions supported the presence of old resistance, 20 years or more before, in most countries. A consistent order of resistance acquisition was observed globally starting with resistance to isoniazid, but resistance ancestral age varied by country. We found a direct correlation between gross domestic product per capita and resistance age (r2=0·47; p=0·014). Amplification of fluoroquinolone and second-line injectable resistance among multidrug-resistant isolates is estimated to have occurred very recently (median ancestral age 4·7 years [IQR 1·9–9·8] before sample collection). We found the sensitivity of commercial molecular diagnostics for second-line resistance to vary significantly by country (p Interpretation Our results highlight that both resistance transmission and amplification are contributing to disease burden globally but vary by country. The observation that wealthier nations are more likely to have old resistance (most recent common susceptible ancestor >20 years before isolation) suggests that programmatic improvements can reduce resistance amplification, but that fit resistant strains can circulate for decades subsequently implies the need for continued surveillance. Funding National Institutes of Health, a Harvard Institute of Global Health Burke Fellowship from the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Boston Children's Hospital, Bushrod H Campbell and Adah F Hall Charity Fund, and Charles A King Trust Postdoctoral Fellowship.
Dark triad constructs blend facets with heterogenous self-presentation tactic use profiles

Abstract A self-presentation framework for the Dark Triad (DT) constructs stipulates that each construct encompasses chronic patterns of tactical identity-maintenance behaviors. Research addressing this idea is scant, and the evidence has been limited to unidimensional measures of the DT constructs. Here, participants (N = 309) completed multidimensional measures of the DT constructs and reported their past use of 12 self-presentation tactics. We speculated that each DT construct blends facets with distinguishable self-presentational profiles. Indeed, although each global DT construct showed substantial profile similarity across the 12 self-presentation tactics, the facets of each DT construct generally showed distinguishable self-presentation profiles. As such, self-presentational profiles germane to a global DT construct sometimes converged with and sometimes diverged from the profiles germane to facets of another DT construct. These findings supported a self-presentational framing of the DT constructs but suggest potential problems with reaching general conclusions on global profiles or the extent to which global DT constructs share a reliance on similar self-presentation tactics.
Morphological Evaluation of the Quadriceps Tendon Using Preoperative Ultrasound in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background:An evaluation of quadriceps tendon (QT) morphology preoperatively is an important step when selecting an individually appropriate autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstru...
Simulating Exoplanet Transit and Eclipse Observations with Jwst

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be a nearly ideal machine for acquiring the transmission and emission spectra of transiting exoplanets over its large wavelength range 0.7 - 28 microns. The NIRSpec, NIRCam, nTFI, and MIRI instruments will have spectroscopic capabilities that span spectral resolutions from 20 - 3000 and can cover up to 2 - 3 octaves in wavelength simultaneously. This will allow observing multiple molecular features at once, facilitating the separation of atmospheric temperature and abundance effects on spectra. Many transiting planets will also be able to be observed with both transmission and eclipse spectroscopy, providing further insights and constraints on planetary thermal structures and energy transport. Simulated JWST spectra of planets ranging from mini-Neptunes to gas giants will be presented. These simulations include planets ranging from mini-Neptunes to gas giants will be presented. These simulations include current best estimates of actual instrument throughput, resolution, spectral range, systematic noise, and random noise terms. They show that JWST will be able to determine the atmospheric parameters of a wide variety of planets, often when observing only one or a few transit or eclipse event sequences. The thermal emissions of rocky super-Earths will also be quickly detectable via mid-IR eclipse observations if such planets are found around nearby M star hosts beforehand.
Heterogeneity and Contaminant Transport Modeling for the Savannah River Integrated Demonstration Site

The effectiveness of remediatiog aquifers and vadose zone sediments is frequently controlled by spatial heterogeneities. A continuing and long-recognized problem in selecting. planning, implementing. and operating remediation projects is the development of methods for quantitatively describing heterogeneity and predicting its effects on process performance.
Primary sarcoma of the heart

Abstract A case is presented in which a diagnosis of tumor of the heart was made during life. The electrocardiographic abnormalities that have been reported in cases of cardiac tumor are reviewed; in our case, the electrocardiographic changes observed were important in establishing the diagnosis. Careful study of the pathological changes in our case. we believe, permits the conclusion that the tumor was a rhabdomyosarcoma, primary in the heart.
Prevalence and correlates of nocturia in community-dwelling older adults

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and correlates of nocturia in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Planned secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging population-based survey. SETTING: Participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand older adults (aged 65–106) recruited from Medicare beneficiary lists between 1999 and 2001. The sample was selected to include 25% each African-American women, African-American men, white women, and white men. MEASUREMENTS: In-person interviews included sociodemographic information, medical history, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and measurement of body mass index (BMI). Nocturia was defined in the main analyses as rising two or more times per night to void. RESULTS: Nocturia was more common in men than women (63.2% vs 53.8%, odds ratio (OR)=1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.15–1.91, P=.003) and more common in African Americans than whites (66.3% vs 50.9%, OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.46–2.45, P<.001). In multiple backward elimination regression analysis in men, nocturia was significantly associated with African-American race (OR=1.54) and BMI (OR=1.22 per 5 kg/m2). Higher MMSE score was protective (OR=0.96). In women, nocturia was associated with older age (OR=1.21 per 5 years), African-American race (OR=1.64), history of any urine leakage (OR=2.17), swelling in feet and legs (OR=1.67), and hypertension (OR=1.62). Higher education was protective (OR=0.92). CONCLUSION: Nocturia in community-dwelling older adults is a common symptom associated with male sex, African-American race, and some medical conditions. Given the significant morbidity associated with nocturia, any evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms should include assessment for the presence of nocturia.
Coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in ErRh4B4 single crystals probed by dynamic magnetic susceptibility

High-resolution measurements of the dynamic magnetic susceptibility are reported for the ferromagnetic, reentrant superconductor ErRh{sub 4}B{sub 4}. A detailed investigation of the coexisting regime reveals unusual temperature-asymmetry on warming and cooling and magnetically anisotropic behavior. The superconducting phase appears via a series of discontinuous steps upon warming from the ferromagnetic normal phase, whereas the ferromagnetic phase develops via a more gradual transition upon cooling from the superconducting phase. A model based on local field inhomogeneity is proposed to explain these observations.
Barotropic Instability in a Tornado Vortex

Abstract The barotropic instability of a tornado described by Hoecker is investigated. It is found that wavenumbers of the order of 1 to 5 are significantly unstable, with growth rates of the order of 0.1 to 0.5 s−1, yielding e-folding times small compared to tornado lifetimes. The instability is related to departures from the wind distribution of a combined Rankine vortex. Small departures can yield significant growth rates. Also investigated is the barotropic instability of an idealized vortex with a core of constant angular velocity and constant vorticity surrounded by a belt with twice the core vorticity, extending out to the wind maximum, beyond which the vorticity vanishes. Growth rates of the order of 0.1 s−1 are found at wavenumbers between 3.6 and 4.0, with negligible growth rates outside this region. It is suggested that the instability may lead ultimately to the “suction vortices” described by Fujita in connection with tornadoes and dust devils.
Spin-ice behavior in Dy 2 Sn 2 − x Sb x O 7 + x ∕ 2 and Dy 2 Nb Sc O 7

We report the magnetic and thermal properties of ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{7+x∕2}$ ($x=0$, 0.25, and 0.5) and of ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}\mathrm{Nb}\mathrm{Sc}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. We find evidence for Ising-like single ion ground states in the ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{7+x∕2}$ materials. Furthermore, these materials possess nearly the same zero-point entropy as the canonical spin ices ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. These results strongly suggest that the ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{7+x∕2}$ materials studied have spin-ice states at low temperatures. We also observe a somewhat reduced zero-point entropy in ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}\mathrm{Nb}\mathrm{Sc}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, which is possibly associated with a higher level of cation disorder. The icelike states in these materials, despite the cation disorder on the $B$ sites of the pyrochlore lattice, provide evidence for the robust nature of spin-ice behavior in the presence of disorder.
African American female engineering students' experience with stereotype threat: A narrative inquiry

Due to the social context of engineering classrooms, stereotype threat (STT) may play an essential role in the dearth of AA females in engineering. Empirical studies have confirmed the deleterious effects STT has on students' performance. However, acceptance of STT as more than a laboratory phenomenon necessitates an in-depth understanding of how stigmatized groups experience being socially devalued and negatively stereotyped. In this qualitative investigation, the Critical Race Theory tenet of counter-storytelling is applied to capture the narratives of AA females to comprehend how they resist or overcome STT and persist in engineering. Data from semi-structured interviews is used to assess what meaning AA female engineering students construct of events that trigger or protect them from STT. Findings suggest that AA females in engineering are certainly experiencing STT. Preliminary analysis reveal five characteristic themes shared by the participants: (1) excessive competitiveness with other students, es...
Direct channel-gating and modulatory effects of triiodothyronine on recombinant GABAA receptors

We have previously shown that triiodothyronine (T3) inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors in synaptoneurosomes and transfected cells. To further characterize this phenomenon, the effect of T3 on recombinant GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes was investigated using the two-electrode voltage-clamp method. T3 inhibited GABA-gated chloride currents in a non-competitive manner and yielded an IC50 of 7.3 +/- 0.8 microM in oocytes coexpressing alpha1beta2gamma2L receptor subunits. T3 had no inhibitory effect on alpha6beta2gamma2L or beta2gamma2L receptor constructs, indicating that the alpha1 subunit imparts T3 sensitivity to the receptor. In addition to the inhibitory effect of T3 on GABA responses, T3 alone induced a current in oocytes expressing alpha1beta2gamma2L, alpha6beta2gamma2L and beta2gamma2L constructs. This current displayed a reversal potential identical to that of GABA-gated chloride currents, and was blocked by picrotoxin (10 microM), but not by bicuculline (50 microM), indicating that T3 gates the chloride channel by binding to a site other than the GABA-binding site. The direct channel-gating action of T3 was concentration-dependent, with an EC50 of 23 +/- 5 microM. The actions of T3 are unique in that T3 acts as a noncompetitive antagonist in the presence of GABA but can directly gate the chloride channel in the absence of GABA.
Overview of the recent performance of DI-BSCCO wire

Abstract Sumitomo Electric has been developing the silver-sheathed Bi2223 multi-filamentary wires since the discovery of Bi-based superconductors. DI-BSCCO (Dynamically-Innovative BSCCO) is the high performance wires produced with the controlled-overpressure (CT-OP) sintering technique. The recent R&D activities have enabled to produce the 1000 m-long wires with I c of 200 A and the maximum I c reached 250 A at 77 K by short sample. Besides, the fine control of the carrier density with the non-stoichiometric oxygen enhanced the in-field I c performances at lower temperature. At a magnetic field of 3 T applied normal to wire surface, the I c of 280 A at 30 K, and 420 A at 20 K were successfully achieved. To meet the growing needs for various high temperature superconducting applications, Type HT wire with high mechanical strength and Type G wire with low thermal conductivity have been developed.
Relationship between adhesion and friction forces

The Surface Forces Apparatus technique was used to measure the normal (perpendicular) and lateral forces between variously prepared surfaces under both dry and lubricated conditions. 'Normal' forces include the force vs distance functions, F(D), for surfaces separated by thin liquid films as well as the adhesion forces and energies, γ, for two surfaces in adhesional contact. 'Lateral' forces include the static and kinetic friction forces F of the surfaces as they slide past each other at a given separation, D. The results show that very thin liquid films confined between two solid surfaces can sustain both normal and shear forces or stresses. The results further indicate that the normal force, F(D) or γ, may be directly related to the static friction force, Fs, and simple equations are proposed that relate these forces (by 'static' friction force is meant the lateral force that must be applied to initiate motion, but not necessarily to maintain this motion). In contrast, the kinetic friction force, Fk, wh...
COUNTING THE BOUND STATES IN SHORT-RANGE CENTRAL POTENTIALS

For the case of a short-range central potential, the quantity ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{l}$, defined as the zero-energy limit of ${k}^{2l+1}cot{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{l}$, vanishes whenever the range and depth of the potential are such that there is a state of zero binding energy. By solving the zero-energy scattering problem we obtain ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{l}$ as a function of range and depth and thus determine the number of bound states supportable by a given central potential as a function of the potential parameters without having to solve the associated and more difficult eigenvalue problem. The method is applied to the Debye-H\"uckel (Yukawa) and Woods-Saxon potentials.
Particle Size, Particle Size Distribution, and Related Measurements of Supported Metal Catalysts

Abstract It should be apparent from the contents of this review that no single method provides a full characterization of particle size and/or particle size distribution in supported metal catalysts without some inherent theoretical shortcoming, experimental difficulty, or ambiguities in interpretation of results. The message is clearly to use more than one technique whenever possible in order to obtain intercomparisons both of size/size distribution number themselves and internal consistency of the data. However, to be avoided are incorrect comparisons, such as sizes obtained from the Scherrer formula and chemisorption experiments, for example, which measure different things. We believe that high-resolution TEM has a bright future in catalyst characterization, but perhaps the most accessible and convenient combination at present is that of Fourier line profile x-ray analysis and chemisorption, albeit at the expense of some analysis in the former case.
Excess properties of liquid mixtures from computer simulation: a coupling-parameter approach to the determination of their dependence on molecular asymmetry

A computer simulation technique is developed for the accurate determination of the change in the excess properties of binary model mixtures due to deviations of the unlike interaction parameters from the Lorentz-Berthelot (LB) combining rules. The technique avoids the explicit calculation of excess (mixing) properties, and the subsequent subtraction. The method requires a single isobaric-isothermal simulation of the reference Lorentz-Berthelot mixture, regardless of the extent of the deviations. The extension of the present approach to the general case of non-Lorentz-Berthelot reference systems is also discussed.
The reactions of Bi(PbSrCaCuOAg supercnducting microcomposites placed in contact with silver, gold, palladium, nickel, copper and platinum substrates

Abstract Bi(Pb)SrCaCuOAg (BSCCO-Ag) superconducting microcomposites were produced by oxidation, annealing and deformation of metallic precursor alloys. Silver, gold, palladium, nickel, copper and platinum sheets have been used to produce two-dimensional superconducting composites via deformation-annealing processes. The reactions between BSCCO-Ag and these metallic elements and the effects of these reactions on the superconducting properties of the BSCCO-Ag microcomposites were studied by a combination of microstructural observation and microanalysis. Silver, gold and palladium do not oxidize at elevated temperatures, and they have very little or no reaction with BSCCO-Ag microcomposites. Microcomposite specimens in contact with silver, gold and palladium sheets possess a high T c (T R=0 = 102−108 K ) and reasonably good J c (J c(77 K ) = 400−1000 A cm −2 ) . The microstructure of these samples showed a well-developed textured 2:2:2:3 phase embedded in the silver matrix. Nickel and copper partially or fully oxidized under the annealing conditions. These elements reacted with BSCCO, prevented the formation of the 2:2:2:3 phase and resulted in a 2:2:1:2 phase dominant microstructure with lower T c (T R=0 ≈75 K ) . Platinum entered the silver phase in the BSCCO-Ag microcomposites, forming AgPt solid solutions, and reacted with the BSCCO compounds to form several complicated oxide phases. Thin silver sheets have been successfully used to separate BSCCO-Ag and stainless steel and thereby to prevent reactions between stainless steel and the microcomposite.
BRIDGE GIRDERS WITH CORRUGATED WEBS

In plate girders, the use of corrugated webs permits the use of thin web plates without stiffeners, which reduces the cost of beam fabrication and improves fatigue life. Experimental and analytical studies on the behavior of girders with corrugated webs were conducted that have led to design recommendations. For girders with corrugated webs subjected to shear, it was noted from the experimental as well as the analytical results that failure of the web occurs because of local or global shear buckling, which depends on the corrugation configuration. For girders with corrugated webs subjected to uniform bending, the failure was due to yielding and vertical buckling of the compression flange into the web. The test and analytical results indicate that the web offered negligible contribution to the moment-carrying capacity of the beam, and the ultimate moment capacity may be calculated on the basis of the flange yielding, ignoring any contribution from the web. The behavior of girders with corrugated webs under in-plane compressive edge loads applied directly on the top flange was investigated, and design recommendations are made. Tests to examine the behavior of girders with corrugated webs under repeated loads are few. The results from the available tests are reported and compared with the results from tests on conventionally stiffened girders with flat webs.
Improving alpine region spectral mixture analysis estimates of snow-covered area

A technique has been developed to improve alpine-region spectral mixture analysis estimates of snow-covered area. Snow reflectance in near infrared wavelengths is sensitive to snow grain size while insensitive in visible wavelengths. Alpine regions often exhibit significant snow grain size gradients due to changes in aspect and elevation. A suite of snow image endmembers corresponding to the region's snow grain size range were extracted. Mixture models with fixed vegetation, rock, and shade were applied with each snow endmember to AVIRIS data collected over Mammoth Mountain, Calif., April 5, 1994. For each pixel, the snow-fraction estimated by the model with least mixing error (rms) was chosen to produce an optimal map of snow-covered area. Fraction under/overflow analysis and limited residuals analysis were performed on the test results.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.