cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attachment and Family Processes in Children's Psychological Adjustment in Middle Childhood

This study examined the links between parent-child attachment, whole family interaction patterns, and child emotional adjustment and adaptability in a sample of 86 community families with children between the ages of 8 and 11 years. Family interactions were observed and coded with the System for Coding Interactions and Family Functioning (SCIFF; Lindahl, 2001). Both parents and each target child completed the appropriate form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2nd Edition (BASC-2; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004). Target children also completed the Children's Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CCSQ; Yunger, Corby, & Perry, 2005). Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that Secure mother-child attachment was a robust predictor of children's emotional symptoms, but father-child attachment strategies were not significant independent predictors. Positive Affect in family interactions significantly increased the amount of variance accounted for in children's emotional symptoms. In addition, Family Cohesion and Positive Affect moderated the relationship between father-child attachment and children's emotional symptoms. When data from all BASC-2 informants (mother, father, child) were considered simultaneously and multidimensional constructs were modeled, mother-child security directly predicted children's adjustment and adaptive skills, but the influence of father-child security was fully mediated through positive family functioning. Results of the current study support the utility of considering dyadic attachment and family interaction patterns conjointly when conceptualizing and fostering positive emotional and behavioral outcomes in children.
Combination chemotherapy for soft‐tissue sarcomas: A phase III study

A total of 144 patients with advanced sarcomas were entered into a randomized prospective protocol with four treatment arms utilizing different combinations of chemotherapeutic agents. Of these, 120 patients (83%) were judged acceptable. Treatment 1: actinomycin-D (Act-D), 0.01 mg/kg IV, days 1--5; phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), 4 mg PO, days 1--10 every six weeks. Treatment 2: Act-D, 0.01 mg/kg IV, days 1--5; L-PAM, 4 mg PO, days 1--10; vincristine, 1 mg IV, days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, repeat every six weeks. Treatment 3: Act-D, 0.01 mg/kg IV, days 1--5; L-PAM, 4 mg PO, DAYS 1--10; NSC-1026, 200 mg/kg IV, days 1--6. Treatment 4: Adriamycin, 0.4 mg/kg IV, days 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, then 2XWK starting day 15 (max. 1,200 mg). There was a provision that upon progression of the disease in the first three treatment regimens, patients would be crossed over to Treatment 4. Responses were as follows: 1 - Partial Response (PR) 1/25; No Change (NC) 9/25 (36%). gF2 - NC 17/26 (65%). 3 - NC 13/25 (52%). 4 - Complete Response (CR) 1/41; PR 6/41; (15%); NC 27/41 (66%). Clearly Treatment 4 was the best arm, with a 17% response rate and an initial progression rate of 17%. The only other response was a partial in 1. The difference is statistically significant (H = 17.247, P = 0.0006). If the responders to Adriamycin were analyzed without crossovers, the response rate would be 22% (6/27). (H = 14.079, P = 0.003). Median times to progression were 12.5, 8.7 weeks for 1 and 2, and 5 weeks for 3 and 4. There was no significant difference in the median survival times among the four treatment arms. It appears that Adriamycin as a single drug is superior to the drug combinations and would probably be even more effective used in combination with known active agents.
A history of social science measurement.

What are the historic oriains of measurement? What v are the basic requirements for fundamental measurement? What are some common pitfalls to avoid? D o item response models meet these needs?
Effects of ozone exposure on nonspecific phagocytic capacity of pulmonary macrophages from an amphibian, Bufo marinus

Pulmonary macrophages are an important component of immune defense against inhaled foreign particles and microorganisms. In humans and other mammals, exposure to moderate amounts of ozone (O3) can inhibit functional capacities of alveolar macrophages. In many wilderness areas downwind of urban centers, ozone levels frequently exceed national standards. We report results of 4-h inhalation exposures to 0.8 parts per million O3 on pulmonary macrophage viability and phagocytosis capacity in marine toads, Bufo marinus. At 1 and 24 h after ozone exposure, macrophages had reduced in vitro capacity to phagocytize fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. By 48 h postexposure, there were no differences in these macrophage functions between ozone- and air-exposed toads. Macrophage yield did not differ among exposure groups nor did exposure to elevated temperatures (30°C) for up to 48 h affect recovery of macrophages. However, compared with the millions of macrophages per milliliter recovered in mammals by similar procedures, pulmonary macrophage yield was typically in the range of 50 to 200 × 103 per milliliter extracted fluid. These results are the first to report effects of an air pollutant on amphibian immune system function and suggest a possible role of oxidant air pollutants in regional declines of amphibian populations.
On the nature of thought processes and their relationship to the accumulation of knowledge, Part XVI-The process of making a diagnosis.

The process of making a diagnosis is a problem-solving activity carried out in the human brain by thinking recursively using a strategy of “explore and exploit” under the condition of Uncertainty that arises from multiple sources. Required for success are a knowledge base, a set of reasoning skills, and the ability to obtain the appropriate data in the case of a specific patient. Context and the use judiciously of perspective are the keys to minimizing the anxiety that can overcome us in the cognitive gap between information and knowledge. Failures at diagnosis are due to systematic error and are both predictable in nature, if not in time, and avoidable potentially if one understands the process.
Environmental alignment: An analysis of the performance of the banking industry in the United States

The environment of the banking industry in the US has evolved from a fairly stable environment to a dynamic and discontinuous environment. Banks not only have to adhere to government regulations, but in addition have to contend with changes in technological advances. Furthermore, banks are also faced with intense competition from non-bank banks, i.e. those entities that are directly competing with traditional banks in terms of product and service offerings.
Incorporation of 3T3-L1 cells to mimic bioaccumulation in a microscale cell culture analog device for toxicity studies.

Deficiencies in the early ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) information on drug candidates extract a significant economic penalty on pharmaceutical firms. We have developed a microscale cell culture analog (ICCA) device that can potentially provide better, faster, and more efficient prediction of human and animal responses to a wide range of chemicals. The system described in this paper is a simple four-chamber ICCA (“lung”-“liver”-“fat”-“other tissue”) designed on the basis of a physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model of a rat. Cultures of L2, HepG2/C3A, and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were selected to mimic the key functions of the lung, liver, and fat compartments, respectively. Here, we have demonstrated the application of the ICCA system to study bioaccumulation, distribution, and toxicity of selected compounds. Results from the bioaccumulation study reveal that hydrophobic compounds such as fluoranthene preferentially accumulated in the fat chamber. Only a small amount of fluoranthene was observed in the liver and lung chambers. In addition, the presence of the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the ICCA device significantly reduced naphthalene and naphthoquinone-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion. These findings suggest the potential utilization of the ICCA system to assess ADMET characteristics of the compound of interest prior to animal or human trials.
Ligands for kainate subtype glutamate receptors

Kainate subtype glutamate receptors (KARs) are ligand-gated cationic channels of the glutamate receptor family. Recent development in the pharmacology of kainate receptors has resulted in the emergence of some selective potent agonists, antagonists and modulators. These KAR ligands have potential therapeutic applications in treating a variety of neuronal diseases as well as pain, epilepsy, cancer and obesity. This article covers the patents filed for KAR ligands dating from 2000 to the third quarter of 2003.
Comments on 'Bayesian hierarchical error model for analysis of gene expression data'

Cho and Lee (2004) proposed a Bayesian hierarchical error model (HEM) to account for heterogeneous error variability in oligo-nucleotide microarray experiments. They estimated the parameters of their model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and proposed an F-like summary statistic to identify differentially expressed genes under multiple conditions. Their HEM is one of the emerging Bayesian hierarchical modeling tools that have been developed for the analysis of multiple-level data structures and variation in microarray gene expression data (Broet et al., 2002; Tadesse and Ibrahim, 2004; Cho and Lee, 2004). In this letter, we first discuss the significance of the HEM developed by Cho and Lee. Then, we re-derive the fully conditional distributions for gene and conditional effects, since we think that these two fully conditional distributions were not presented properly in their paper. Finally, we expand the HEM to deal with biological or/and experimental correlations in gene expression data. A FORTRAN 90 program was developed to implement our extended method and it is available from the authors upon request.
The distribution of stress in the vicinity of a penny-shaped crack in an elastic solid under the action of symmetric body forces

Abstract The method of an earlier paper is used to derive formulae from which may be found the spread criterion and the distribution of stress in the vicinity of a penny-shaped crack in an elastic solid which is acted upon by an axisymmetric distribution of body forces. The use of these formulae is illustrated by a consideration of the special case in which the solid is deformed by the action of two point forces situated symmetrically with respect to the crack.
Only the Best Is Good Enough1

All Diring the past year I have had a nagging feeling that the President of this Society should have something profound to say on this occasion. And yet, after a dinner such as we have had and the rejoicing with our friends over their recognition by the Society for their contributions to endocrinology, something in a lighter vein seems more appropriate. Examination of my predecessors' addresses revealed a wide variety of subjects. They have varied from a thumbnail history of endocrinology to a consideration of its future, from endocrine topics to a discussion of our Society and even to a fable which took a satirical look at the scientist who climbs to an eminent position on the backs of others, an achievement not unknown in our Society. With these examples before me I felt free to recall some early experiences and to draw conclusions from some of them.
Abnormal EEG and calcification of the pineal gland in schizophrenia.

Computed tomographic (CT) studies of the brain in schizophrenic patients have demonstrated a variety of structural abnormalities. We reported recently an association between pineal calcification (PC) and cortical and prefrontal cortical atrophy, and third ventricular size on CT scan in chronic schizophrenic patients. These findings indicate that in schizophrenia PC is associated with the morphological brain abnormalities associated with the disease. If PC is, indeed, related to organic cerebral pathology, then one would expect a higher prevalence of pineal gland pathology among patients with electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities by comparison to those with a normal EEG. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied the prevalence of PC on CT scan in a sample of 52 neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients (29 men, 23 women, mean age: 51.3 years SD = 9.1), of whom 10 (19.2%) had an abnormal EEG. The prevalence of PC in patients with EEG abnormalities was significantly greater by comparison to those with a normal EEG (90.0% vs. 54.8%, X2 = 4.24, p < .05). Since both groups did not differ on any of the historical and demographic data, and since PC was unrelated to neuroleptic exposure, these findings suggest that in schizophrenia PC may be related to the disease process and that it may be a marker of subcortical pathology.
SEPARATION OF CONVEX SETS IN EXTENDED NORMED SPACES

We give continuous separation theorems for convex sets in a real linear space equipped with a norm that can assume the value infinity. In such a space, it may be impossible to continuously strongly separate a point , that is, closed convex sets need not be weakly closed. As a special case, separation in finite-dimensional extended normed spaces is considered at the outset.
Health care experiences of long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer

Evaluate health care access and experiences with care among long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer relative to a comparison group in the USA. The 2008 to 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys identified 1163 survivors of cancer, diagnosed ages 15–39, current ages 20–64, who were at least 5 years after diagnosis. A comparison group without cancer was matched using age, sex, and other characteristics. Primary outcomes included having ≥1 visit to doctor’s office/clinic in the previous year and perceived health care quality (0 = worst to 10 = best; categorized as low (0–4), intermediate (5–7), and high (8–10)). Other experience-related outcomes (e.g., having adequate time with providers and providers show respect) were also evaluated. Bivariate analyses compared these outcomes between survivors and the comparison group. Multivariable logistic regressions identified survivor-level factors associated with health care visits and quality. Survivors had ≥1 visit more often (82.1 vs. 75.8 %, p = 0.005) yet rated their health care quality lower (low or intermediate 30.7 vs. 23.6 %, p < 0.001) than the comparison group. Fewer survivors reported always having enough time with providers (41.7 vs. 54.6 %, p < 0.001) and that providers always show respect (57.5 vs. 67.7 %, p = 0.002). Uninsured survivors were less likely to have ≥1 visit (odds ratio (OR) = 0.26, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.17–0.40, p < 0.001) and rated their health care quality lower (OR = 0.25, 95 % CI 0.13–0.48, p < 0.001) than privately insured. Many other factors were associated with visits and quality. Survivors of AYA cancer reported more health care visits but worse health care experiences than individuals without cancer. Targeted interventions that may improve survivors’ experiences with health care should be evaluated.
Implementation of the optimal cooperative relay selection based on cross-layer mechanism

Two optimal cooperative relay selection criteria were proposed based on the AF (amplify and forward) and DF (decode and forward) strategies, respectively, by deriving the SER (symbol error rate) of the cooperative transmission system, and a distributed relay selection protocol at MAC layer was further presented to implement the optimal relay selection. Meanwhile, the cooperative diversity schemes at PHY layer was presented along with its performance analysis over Rayleigh fading channels, obtaining the closed-form BER (bit error rate) expressions. Furthermore, computer simulations were conducted to show the BER performances of various cooperative relay selection criteria and cooperative transmission schemes, conforming that the proposed cooperative relay selection criteria outperform the traditional relay selection rules and the proposed transmission schemes could achieve the diversity gain with the BER decreased.
A Survey of N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and Total Water Content in Select Smokeless Tobacco Products Purchased in the United States in 2015.

This investigation provides an updated survey measuring the levels of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and water content of a select number of smokeless tobacco products sold in the United States in 2015. A total of 34 smokeless tobacco products were collected and analyzed for NNN and water content using LC-MS/MS and GC-TCD, respectively. Smokeless tobacco products were chosen to obtain a representative sample of the different types of products on the U.S. market. These smokeless products represent 12 of the 25 top-selling smokeless tobacco products according to 2013 Nielsen net sales data while five of the smokeless tobacco products are of lower selling smokeless tobacco products. The NNN levels and the water content of the smokeless tobacco products were determined and compared to previous studies. Although the range of NNN levels found was broad for the examined smokeless tobacco products (0.64–12.0 μg/g dry weight), dry snuff had the highest levels of NNN observed (>5 μg/g dry weight). We observed a genera...
Access to the Surugatoxin Alkaloids: Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Oxindole Annulation

We report the synthesis of an aglycone of the surugatoxin family. The synthesis of this surugatoxin core was accomplished in 13 steps using a new oxindole annulation and late-stage enamine oxidation.
Shape optimization and continuation method

A first part describes a simple method for interactive optimization of the shape of a thin plate. The aim is to minimize the stresses in a given region of the plate. A second part shows how the size of a 2-dimensional domain Ω can influence the number and stability of the steady states in a reaction-diffusion system defined on Ω and describes some results on the optimal control of this system in the presence of bifurcations.
Drosophila Wnt and STAT Define Apoptosis-Resistant Epithelial Cells for Tissue Regeneration after Irradiation

Drosophila melanogaster larvae irradiated with doses of ionizing radiation (IR) that kill about half of the cells in larval imaginal discs still develop into viable adults. How surviving cells compensate for IR-induced cell death to produce organs of normal size and appearance remains an active area of investigation. We have identified a subpopulation of cells within the continuous epithelium of Drosophila larval wing discs that shows intrinsic resistance to IR- and drug-induced apoptosis. These cells reside in domains of high Wingless (Wg, Drosophila Wnt-1) and STAT92E (sole Drosophila signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT] homolog) activity and would normally form the hinge in the adult fly. Resistance to IR-induced apoptosis requires STAT and Wg and is mediated by transcriptional repression of the pro-apoptotic gene reaper. Lineage tracing experiments show that, following irradiation, apoptosis-resistant cells lose their identity and translocate to areas of the wing disc that suffered abundant cell death. Our findings provide a new paradigm for regeneration in which it is unnecessary to invoke special damage-resistant cell types such as stem cells. Instead, differences in gene expression within a population of genetically identical epithelial cells can create a subpopulation with greater resistance, which, following damage, survive, alter their fate, and help regenerate the tissue.
Neutrophil Secondary-Granule Deficiency as a Hallmark of All-Trans Retinoic Acid–Induced Differentiation of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a neoplasm with the unique chromosomal translocation t(15;17), which involves the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been used for APL patients as a potent therapeutic agent to induce differentiation of leukemia cells. Although polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) appearing in the blood and bone marrow during ATRA treatment often possess Auer rods, indicating their neoplastic origin, other morphological abnormalities of PMNs have not been elucidated. We studied the morphological changes of APL cells during ATRA treatment at the ultrastructural level. Although most aberrant primary granules, including Auer rods, became morphologically normal in response to ATRA therapy and the nuclei showed chromatin condensation and lobulation, resulting in the emergence of PMNs, the lobulated nuclei often had nuclear filamentous connections and/or nuclear blebs, indicating some pathological process. Furthermore, PMNs, particularly early in ATRA treatment, lacked neutrophil secondary granules as did the PMNs appearing in a culture of APL cells incubated with ATRA, findings consistent with previously reported data that acute myeloid leukemia cell lines do not produce secondary granule proteins even after induction of differentiation towards mature neutrophils. The present data indicate that ATRA is incapable of inducing complete morphological maturation of APL cells and that secondary-granule deficiency may be a hallmark of aberrantly differentiated leukemic cells.
Long-Term Interest Rates: The Role of Expected Budget Deficits:

A relatively simple loanable funds model is utilized to explain the 10-year government bond yield during 1970–86. In the reduced form equation, expected inflation, expected structural deficits as a percentage of GNP, output growth, and liquidity growth appear as exogenous variables. Using alternative measures of expected inflation and expected deficits, the regression results indicate a powerful effect of expected deficits on the 10-year government bond yield. The increase in expected deficits raised bond yields by some 180 basis points by early 1984, and the anticipation of deficit-reduction legislation accounts for about one-third of the decline in yields during 1985–86, according to the model. In alternative experiments, tests are conducted to see whether bond yields “Granger-cause” forthcoming deficits. Our findings are consistent with the view that agents are forward-looking and foresee the direction of major changes in structural deficits.
Auditor Reverse-Merger Expertise: Evidence from Chinese Reverse-Merger Companies

SUMMARY: This study investigates if hiring auditors with Chinese reverse-merger expertise affected 182 Chinese companies that executed reverse mergers with U.S. shell companies from 2003 to 2011 to become U.S. publicly traded companies (Chinese reverse-merger companies, or CRM companies). We find that CRM companies that employ CRM-expert auditors pay higher audit fee premiums, and are more likely to up-list to national exchanges, when they are compared to CRM companies with non-CRM-expert auditors. Additional analyses suggest that clients of CRM experts also are more likely to file annual financial reports on time, but CRM-expert auditors are not associated with fewer misstatements in financial reporting or continued trading on national exchanges. This suggests that CRM-specialist auditors help clients navigate regulatory requirements for up-listing, but they do not achieve improved financial reporting quality.
National survey of pharmacy residents nearing completion of the 2014–15 residency year

Purpose The results of a national survey targeting postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) resident’s perceptions of their residency programs and postresidency job prospects are presented. Methods An electronic survey was distributed to PGY1 and PGY2 residents identified through the ASHP membership database. The survey asked basic demographic questions, questions related to the residency experience (satisfaction, hours spent on various general activities such as patient care, research, and staffing), and various questions related to residents’ job search and future career plans (search methods, outcomes, and satisfaction with the process). Results A total of 529 responses were received from the 2,766 surveys that were distributed, yielding a response rate of 19%. Most respondents reported having a favorable opinion of their residency. At the time of the survey, 71% of residents reported having found a full-time job; 17% of residents were still looking for a position. Eighty-five percent of PGY2 residents reported accepting a position in their specialty area and accepted clinical specialist roles in larger numbers than did PGY1 residents. Geographic location, practice/specialty area, and shift/schedule were the 3 areas of compromise most frequently mentioned when accepting a position and were the 3 areas ranked highest in terms of job importance. Conclusion A survey of PGY1 and PGY2 pharmacy residents revealed that about one sixth of respondents entering the job market were having difficulty finding a position before finishing residency training and that most respondents were satisfied with their residency experience.
A post-translational modification switch controls coactivator function of histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP

Like many transcription regulators, histone methyltransferases G9a and G9a-like protein (GLP) can act gene-specifically as coregulators, but mechanisms controlling this specificity are mostly unknown. We show that adjacent post-translational methylation and phosphorylation regulate binding of G9a and GLP to heterochromatin protein 1 gamma (HP1γ), formation of a ternary complex with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on chromatin, and function of G9a and GLP as coactivators for a subset of GR target genes. HP1γ is recruited by G9a and GLP to GR binding sites associated with genes that require G9a, GLP, and HP1γ for glucocorticoid-stimulated transcription. At the physiological level, G9a and GLP coactivator function is required for glucocorticoid activation of genes that repress cell migration in A549 lung cancer cells. Thus, regulated methylation and phosphorylation serve as a switch controlling G9a and GLP coactivator function, suggesting that this mechanism may be a general paradigm for directing specific transcription factor and coregulator actions on different genes.
Machine Learning Applications in Physical Design: Recent Results and Directions

In the late-CMOS era, semiconductor and electronics companies face severe product schedule and other competitive pressures. In this context, electronic design automation (EDA) must deliver "design-based equivalent scaling" to help continue essential industry trajectories. A powerful lever for this will be the use of machine learning techniques, both inside and "around" design tools and flows. This paper reviews opportunities for machine learning with a focus on IC physical implementation. Example applications include (1) removing unnecessary design and modeling margins through correlation mechanisms, (2) achieving faster design convergence through predictors of downstream flow outcomes that comprehend both tools and design instances, and (3) corollaries such as optimizing the usage of design resources licenses and available schedule. The paper concludes with open challenges for machine learning in IC physical design.
The use of Blackboard in the instruction of dental histology

In recent years, the use of web-based education as an instructional method has increased at universities. Web-based technology is considered a useful tool for teaching outside the classroom and off...
Affine, Conformal and Projective Transformations

Let M be a manifold with an affine connection and L(M) be the bundle of linear frames over M. Let θ and ω denote the canonical form and the connection form on L(M) respectively. We recall (§ 1 of Chapter II) that a transformation f of M is said to be affine if the induced automorphism f of L(M) leaves ω invariant. We quote the following result established earlier (see Theorem 1.3 of Chapter II).
Imaging the Beast: Sounding, Lithoscopes, and Röntgen Rays

Introduction and Objective Stone disease has always caused a conundrum in the diagnosis of flank pain and pain with urination (dysuria) with or without associated hematuria. It is almost impossible to understand the ancient notion of diagnosis without the aid of modern wonders, such as X-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans. Prior to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, these modalities simply did not exist. It was easily possible for a patient to undergo a lithotomy, and no stone was found.
Sovereignty in the Practice of International Law. Domestic Jurisdiction

The term “domestic jurisdiction,” as used in the theory and practice of international law, mainly since the Covenant of the League of Nations, is not a new legal concept from the point of view of its content. Indeed, it does not mean anything else or anything more than the term sovereignty in the sense of the supreme power of the State over its territory and inhabitants in the framework of international law binding upon the State. What some authors used to call “internal sovereignty” corresponds to domestic jurisdiction. This term does not mean exactly the same thing as the French expression “competence exclusive de l’Etat,” although it is translated in this way in the Covenant. Exclusive competence of the State may mean the scope of the internal as well as of the external freedom of action of a State, unlimited by international law. Domestic jurisdiction only refers to the exclusive internal competence of the highest legislative, judicial, and administrative (executive) authorities of the State. In practice, however, the “exclusive competence” is understood and interpreted in the sense of the domestic jurisdiction, i.e., as the exclusive competence in internal matters.
Errors in Interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Thymic Lesions.

Purpose The objectives of this study were to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of thymic lesions and to review those features that may result in diagnostic uncertainty or error. Materials and methods This multicenter retrospective study included patients with pathologically proven thymic epithelial neoplasms (TEN) and thymic cysts who underwent preoperative MRI. Clinical reports were evaluated for the radiologist's first-choice diagnosis, if not already known before the MRI. MR images were reviewed by thoracic radiologists to identify cystic components on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) as well as the presence of enhancement on postcontrast series. Results Through a search of electronic medical records of 3 tertiary academic medical centers, we identified 41 TEN and 13 cysts. Of 35 evaluable clinical reports, 9 (26%) gave an incorrect diagnosis. Of these, 5 cases were misdiagnosed related to contrast enhancement, and 3 cases of cysts were misdiagnosed because of lack of fluid signal on T2WI. Upon rereview of images, of the 41 TENs, 4 (10%) did not show qualitative enhancement on the first postcontrast phase (although all enhanced eventually), and 4 cysts (31%) did not show fluid signal on T2WI. In addition, 4 cases of cysts (31%) showed mural or septal enhancement. Conclusions Although atypical or misleading imaging features are uncommon in TEN and thymic cysts, they do occur and may lead to diagnostic error. We suggest that lesions with a T2 signal less than simple fluid and without enhancement on postcontrast images undergo follow-up imaging to confirm a benign diagnosis.
Outdoor-Based Therapeutic Recreation Programs Among Military Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Assessing the Evidence

Outdoor-based therapeutic recreation (TR) programs among military veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are becoming increasingly popular. A systematic review was conducted o...
Analyzing the Different Modules of Longevity Risk in Death Bonds

The author presents an actuarial prognostic model that can disentangle and assess two complementary modules of longevity risk for death bonds. He tracks the probable paths over time of the transition rates for life settlement issuers across three states of nature: healthy, terminally ill, and dead. Through that, he is able to examine the influence of some varying assumptions on the likely course of the inclusive death intensity for an underlying pool of life settlements. The author is thus able to enhance transparency in this market by better predicting the overall yield curves of death bonds and their feasible trajectories. The proposed model can assist life settlement providers, brokers, investors, and credit raters in planning and preparing for possible evolutions in the overall death intensity among pools of life settlement issuances.
Factors associated with biopsy diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

235Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the few cancers that can be diagnosed based on imaging findings. Although not always mandatory for diagnosis, biopsy (Bx) can confirm HCC and...
Evolution of the kidney–cancer connection:

Over the past decade, Onco-Nephrology has emerged as an important sub-field of not only nephrology and oncology but also hematology, urology, critical care medicine, clinical pharmacology, and pall...
Purification and characterization of the 22-kilodalton potato proteinase inhibitors.

Three abundant proteins of approximate molecular weights of 22, 23, and 24 kilodalton (kD) were purified from potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) tubers by DEAE cellulose and CM-52 cellulose ion exchange column chromatography, electroelution, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antibodies specific to the gel-purified 22-kD protein were prepared. Immunoblot analysis showed that the 22-, 23-, and 24-kD proteins were immunologically related and that these proteins were present in tubers and as higher molecular weight forms in leaves, but were not detectable in stems, roots, and stolons. The ratios of amino acid composition were compared among the three purified proteins, and the amino-terminal amino acid sequences were determined for these three proteins. All three proteins have identical amino-terminal sequences that match the deduced amino acid sequence of an abundant tuber protein cDNA.
Circus Life: Performing and Laboring under America's Big Top Shows, 1830-1920

Review of: "Circus Life: Performing and Laboring under America's Big Top Shows, 1830-1920" by Micah D. Childress
Karen Swann’s Lives of the Dead Poets

Karen Swann’s Lives of the Dead Poets has a clear throughline, which I will summarize in a moment, yet a summary of its argument hardly does the book justice, since much of its persuasive power lie...
DiReCtX: Dynamic Resource-Aware CNN Reconfiguration Framework for Real-Time Mobile Applications

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely applied in various cognitive applications, they are still very computationally intensive for resource-constrained mobile systems. To reduce the resource consumption of CNN computation, many optimization works have been proposed for mobile CNN deployment. However, most works are merely targeting CNN model compression from the perspective of parameter size or model structure, ignoring different resource constraints in mobile systems with respect to memory, energy, and real-time requirement. Moreover, previous works take accuracy as their primary consideration, requiring a time-costing retraining process to compensate the inference accuracy loss after compression. To address these issues, we propose DiReCtX —a dynamic resource-aware CNN model reconfiguration framework. DiReCtX is based on a set of accurate CNN profiling models for different resource consumption and inference accuracy estimation. With manageable consumption/accuracy tradeoffs, DiReCtX can reconfigure a CNN model to meet distinct resource constraint types and levels with expected inference performance maintained. To further achieve fast model reconfiguration in real-time, improved CNN model pruning and its corresponding accuracy tuning strategies are also proposed in DiReCtX . The experiments show that the proposed CNN profiling models can achieve 94.6% and 97.1% accuracy for CNN model resource consumption and inference accuracy estimation. Meanwhile, the proposed reconfiguration scheme of DiReCtX can achieve at most 44.44% computation acceleration, 31.69% memory reduction, and 32.39% energy saving, respectively. On field-tests with state-of-the-art smartphones, DiReCtX can adapt CNN models to various resource constraints in mobile application scenarios with optimal real-time performance.
评英文版《中国藏医药学》

在西藏医学的研究领域里,两位国际上知名的科学家在2005年出版了一部几乎囊括藏医学的各个方面的361页的巨著 (中国藏医药学).到目前为止,尚未见过其他以英文或别的西方语言出版的著作对西藏医学提供如此包罗广阔的大量信息.并且我也未了解到有任何一部书包括如此详尽的内容,像作者甄艳和蔡景峰那样提供大量有价值的信息.我认为,该书是经过认真编纂的,其所用的英语是很通顺的,易懂好读。
Impact of Local Control and Surgical Lymph Node Evaluation in Localized Paratesticular Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee

Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (PT-RMS) carries a favorable prognosis, but questions persist regarding optimal management. Our goal was to determine the importance of primary tumor resection and surgical assessment of retroperitoneal lymph nodes during staging in patients with PT-RMS. We analyzed patients with localized PT-RMS enrolled onto one of four Children's Oncology Group studies (D9602, ARST0331, D9803 or ARST0531). Surgical resection of the primary tumor prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy was encouraged when possible with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) recommended for patients ≥10 years of age. Among 279 patients (median 8.1 years old), most tumors were resected with negative margins (78.5%) and most patients did not have radiographic enlargement of regional lymph nodes (90.3%). In patients older than 10 years, imaging alone will miss over 51.5% of nodal disease. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) was 92.0% (95% CI 88.4%-95.6%). Sampling ≥7 to 12 retroperitoneal lymph nodes appeared optimal for detecting positive nodes; while there was a trend toward improved EFS among those undergoing template RPLND, this was not statistically significant (P = .068). Age (P = .28), N-stage (P = .39), T-stage (P = .11) and pathologic node involvement (P = .53) were not associated with overall survival. However, older age and larger tumor size had an additive impact on EFS (P = .027) though not overall survival (P = .13). In conclusion, outcomes for patients with PT-RMS are excellent. Reliance on imaging to detect nodal involvement will miss pathologic node involvement and may result in undertreatment. Surgical nodal staging requires at least 7 to 12 nodes to accurately identify patients with regional nodal disease.
Service is Not Perishable: Nurturing Ongoing Participation with Conceptual Models

This article explores the nature of conceptual models for designing service participation. Conceptual models are both a representation and a hypothesis, dialectically creating conditions of partici...
Otolith adaptive responses to altered gravity.

Abstract The force of gravity has remained constantly present over the course of animal evolution and forms our frame of reference with the environment, including spatial orientation, navigation, gaze and postural stability. Inertial head accelerations occur within this gravity frame of reference naturally during voluntary movements and perturbations. Execution of movements of aquatic, terrestrial and flight species widely differ, but the sensory systems detecting acceleration forces, including gravity, have remained remarkably conserved among vertebrates. The utricular organ senses the sum of inertial force due to head translation and head tilt relative to gravitational vertical. A sudden or persistent change in gravitational force would be expected to have profound and global effects on an organism. Physiological data collected immediately after orbital missions, after short and extended increases in gravity load via centrifugation, and after readaptation to normal gravity exist in the toadfish model. This review focuses on the otolith adaptive responses to changes in gravity in a number of model organisms and their potential impact on human space travel.
GANDALF: Peptide Generation for Drug Design using Sequential and Structural Generative Adversarial Networks

Computational drug design has the potential to save time and money by providing a better starting point for new drugs with a complete computational evaluation. We propose a peptide design system for protein targets based on a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) called GANDALF (Generative Adversarial Network Drug-tArget Ligand Fructifier). GAN based methods have been developed for computational drug design but these can only generate small molecules, not peptides. Peptides are very complex macromolecules which makes them much more difficult than small molecules to generate. Our GANDALF methodology uses two networks to generate a new peptide sequence and structure. It also incorporates data such as active atoms not used in other methods. Active atoms are important because they interact via electron sharing when a target protein and a peptide bind to each other. We can identify the active atoms using our electron structure calculation (eCADD) program and the rules of interaction we have developed. Our method goes farther than comparable methods by generating a full peptide structure as well as predicting binding affinity. The results were validated using a multi-step process comparing the results with FDA approved drugs and our initial prototype method. We have generated multiple peptides for three targets of interest (PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4) and have found that the best generated peptide for each target was comparable to the FDA approved drugs in binding affinity and fitness of 3D binding as well as show the generated peptides were unique from the existing FDA drugs.
Ratings in black and white: a quantcrit examination of race and gender in teacher evaluation reform

Education policy reform is often created and implemented in ways that advantage White individuals. This is even more salient when examining the intersection of race and gender identities. Using Nor...
Management of Positive Prospective Cross Matches in Lung Transplant Recipients: Outcomes from a Single-Center Experience

Purpose Highly sensitized recipients remain a challenge in lung transplantation. There are no standardized protocols among lung transplant centers to guide management of these patients. Some centers choose not to transplant highly sensitized patients due to the risk of graft dysfunction and death. We describe our center's experience and outcomes managing lung transplant recipients with positive flow-cytometric prospective cross matches (FXM). Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent lung transplantation with positive FXM from August 2015 to November 2019. Outcomes included overall length of stay, 1-year survival, graft function at one year, and incidence of antibody mediated rejection (AMR) and CLAD (BOS). Results There were 11 patients with FXM (6 females, 5 males; 6 with restrictive lung disease, 3 with obstructive lung disease, 1 with cystic fibrosis, and 1 with pulmonary vascular disease). 7 (63%) had concomitant positive virtual cross matches. 10 (91%) were managed with high-dose IVIg alone immediately post-op. 3 patients additionally received intra and/or post-op plasma exchange, rituximab and/or bortezimab. Median length of hospital stay was 50 days. Median length of follow up is 30 months (range 11-63 months). KM estimate of one-year survival was 90%. Clinical episodes of AMR requiring treatment occurred in 1 (9%) patient at 3 years post-transplant. DSA cleared in 8 patients (73%). Infections occurred in 5 patients (45%). None were life threatening. CLAD grade ≥ 1 occurred in only 2 patients (18%), one at 1.5 years and the other 3 years post-transplant. FEV1 at one year was >89% of personal best in all patients. Conclusion Successful lung transplantation of highly sensitized recipients is feasible. Using our center's approach results in longer hospital stay but excellent one-year outcomes. Further study is needed to identify patients at risk for graft dysfunction and death due to AMR who benefit from early aggressive treatment, and to avoid unnecessary treatment in lower risk patients.
Disparities in phase 1 cancer clinical trial enrollment.

Background Phase 1 trials are increasingly important in the molecularly driven era of oncology, but few studies have examined phase 1 participation disparities. The authors of this study investigated factors associated with phase 1 versus phase 2/3 trial enrollment. Methods They authors conducted a cross-sectional study using serial samples of patients age ≥18 years enrolling on cancer trials from October 2011 to November 2014 at an academic cancer center. They used univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to analyze sociodemographic and clinical associations with phase 1 versus phase 2/3 trial enrollment. Results Among 3103 patients enrolled in cancer trials, 2657 unique patients participated in phase 1/2/3 trials. For patients enrolled in phase 1 (n = 1401) versus phase 2/3 (n = 1256) trials, we found no significant differences by age, insurance status, marital status, and income. Overall, 1216 (93%) White, 72 (6%) Asian, and 21 (2%) Black patients enrolled on phase 1 trials, whereas 1068 (93%) White, 40 (3%) Asian, and 43 (4%) Black patients enrolled on phase 2/3 trials. Adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, marital status, income, cancer type, disease status, travel distance, and trial year, compared with White patients, Black patients had lower phase 1 enrollment (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.82), as did Hispanic/Latino (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.79) and male patients (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.94). Asian patients had higher phase 1 enrollment (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.88-2.16). Conclusions Disparities in phase 1 versus phase 2/3 cancer clinical trial enrollment underscore the urgent need for interventions addressing inequities in early-phase trial participation. Lay summary Phase 1 trials are of increasing importance in oncology. The authors of the study analyzed all patients enrolling on cancer clinical trials at a large academic cancer center from October 2011 to November 2014. Among the 2657 trial participants, when age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, marital status, income, cancer type, disease status, travel distance, and trial year were taken into account, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and male patients were less likely to enroll on phase 1 trials versus phase 2/3 trials. These findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve access to and education about phase 1 trials for Black and Hispanic/Latino patients.
Human energy

In the midst of big-oil record profits and growing debate on global warming, the Chevron Corporation launched its “Human Energy” public relations campaign. In television commercials and print advertisements, Chevron portrays itself as a compassionate entity striving to solve the planet’s energy crisis. Yet, the first term in this corporate oxymoron misleadingly reframes the significance of the second, suggesting that the corporation has a renewed focus. In depicting Chevron as a green/human organization, the “Human Energy” campaign obscures from view the corporation’s more unsightly products, policies, and practices. Reflection, however, on our own complicity in sustaining energy corporations and their activities undermines binary thinking and signals that the compulsion to denounce is insufficient. This article explores Chevron’s media campaign and one organized reaction to it. This counter-campaign both redeployed Chevron’s imagery and underscored our collusion and responsibility—tactics seeking to loosen the taut inevitability-of-oil story at Chevron’s core.
Electron energization during merging of self-magnetized, high-beta, laser-produced plasmas

Electron energization during merging of magnetized plasmas is studied using the OMEGA and OMEGA EP laser facilities by colliding two plasma plumes, each containing a Biermann-battery self-generated magnetic field. Two neighbouring plasma plumes are produced by intense laser beams, and the anti-parallel Biermann fields merge and reconnect in the process of the plumes’ expansion and collision. To isolate the merging as an acceleration source, the electron energy spectra obtained from two-plume collision shots are compared with the spectra from single-plume shots. Single-plume shots exhibit an energized electron tail with energies up to keV compared to single-plume shots.