cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Industrialization by Fitting in: Acquiring Technology through Collaboration and Subcontracting

Since the 1950s, Pakistan has been trying to industrialize by investing in industries that have low value-added, notably cotton textiles. Here, low value-added means that the export value of the cotton textiles less the value of the raw cotton used to make them was low relative to the cost of the investment needed to make the textiles, i.e., contrary to the usual assumption, cotton textile manufacture was capital-intensive. The cause was the protection of the importing countries. But goods with high value-added in this sense required advanced technical knowledge, which is mostly the proprietary knowledge of the firms whose research and development (R&D) has generated it. Over time, all the production of goods that do not require such technical knowledge has passed to low-wage countries whose mutual competition keeps the value-added low. Since Pakistan cannot compete in high-value-added goods, it must emulate the East Asian economies by collaborating with firms in high-wage countries—i.e., subcontracting them to make simple components—and progress through such collaboration to receiving the knowledge and training to making components with higher value-added.
Online Diversity Communication at Google

This chapter discusses online diversity communication at Google and takes a global approach by revealing the users’ perceptions of the company’s diversity approach as well as their recommendations for the implementation of specific diversity programs abroad.
Ancestral Folate Promotes Neuronal Regeneration in Serial Generations of Progeny

Folate supplementation in F0 mating rodents increases regeneration of injured spinal axons in vivo in 4 or more generations of progeny (F1-F4) in the absence of interval folate administration to the progeny. Transmission of the enhanced regeneration phenotype to untreated progeny parallels axonal growth in neuron culture after in vivo folate administration to the F0 ancestors alone, in correlation with differential patterns of genomic DNA methylation and RNA transcription in treated lineages. Enhanced axonal regeneration phenotypes are observed with diverse folate preparations and routes of administration, in outbred and inbred rodent strains, and in two rodent genera comprising rats and mice, and are reversed in F4-F5 progeny by pretreatment with DNA demethylating agents prior to phenotyping. Uniform transmission of the enhanced regeneration phenotype to progeny together with differential patterns of DNA methylation and RNA expression is consistent with a non-Mendelian mechanism. The capacity of an essential nutritional co-factor to induce a beneficial transgenerational phenotype in untreated offspring carries broad implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of inborn and acquired disorders.
Preemptive Therapy vs Antiviral Prophylaxis in Cytomegalovirus-Seronegative Liver Transplant Recipients With Seropositive Donors

To the Editor Dr Singh and colleagues1 reported that within the first 12 months after liver transplantation, preemptive therapy resulted in significantly lower rates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease compared with primary valganciclovir prophylaxis in 205 CMV-seronegative recipients from seropositive donors. The authors noted that a 1-patient difference in each group would have nullified this outcome. The study reported 2 cases of CMV disease in the prophylaxis group (usually rare), potentially due to inadequate kidney dosing; while this highlights the importance of appropriate dosing, would the outcome have been different had these 2 cases not occurred?
Age-Appropriate Cancer Screening: A Cohort Study of Adults with Psoriasis Prescribed Biologics, Adults in the General Population, and Adults with Hypertension

Background Psoriasis is associated with increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. Objective To evaluate whether psoriasis patients who are prescribed biologics receive the recommended screening for cervical, breast, and colon cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Optum deidentified Electronic Health Record data set. Incidence rates for cervical, breast, and colon cancer screening were compared between psoriasis patients who were prescribed biologics and 2 matched comparator cohorts: general patient population and patients being managed for hypertension. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to assess for differences in the rates of cancer screening. Results Compared with those in the general population without psoriasis, psoriasis patients who were prescribed biologics had higher screening rates for cervical cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.16) and colon cancer (aHR 1.10; 95% CI 1.02-1.18). Compared with those with hypertension, patients with psoriasis who were prescribed biologics had lower screening rates for breast cancer (aHR 0.88; 95% CI 0.83-0.94) and colon cancer (aHR 0.89; 95% CI 0.83-0.95). Conclusions and Relevance Patients with psoriasis who are prescribed biologic therapies may not be receiving adequate age-appropriate cancer screening, especially for breast and colon cancer.
Design analysis of end notch flexure sandwich specimen with honeycomb core

Laminate beam theory based design analysis of the sandwich End Notch Flexure (ENF) test specimen is presented. The analysis is specifically considering specimens with honeycomb core, prone to in-pl...
ATM regulates IR-induced p53 acetylation through activation of p300 histone acetyl transferase

5489 Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) results in the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) within DNA. These DSBs activate the protein kinase ATM (Ataxia-Telangiectasia, mutated), thus triggering ATM-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of p53. IR also induces p53 acetylation mediated by the histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity of the transcriptional co-activator p300/CBP. We have investigated a potential role for ATM in p300-mediated p53 acetylation in response to IR. Our results show that the HAT activity of p300 is upregulated by IR in a time-and dose-dependent manner and that ATM function is required for p300 HAT activation. Cells deficient in ATM function failed to activate p300 HAT activity and showed defective p53 acetylation after IR. Conversely, ectopic expression of recombinant ATM in ATM-deficient cells restored IR-induced p300 HAT activation and p53 acetylation. Using inhibitors of HATs and histone deacetylases (HDACs), we found that p53 acetylation after DNA damage is regulated both by ATM-dependent activation of p300 and by inhibition of HDAC1 deacetylase. Together, the results indicate that ATM, p300 and HDAC1 converge in a common signaling pathway that regulates p53 acetylation after DNA damage.
BullyAlert- A Mobile Application for Adaptive Cyberbullying Detection

Due to the prevalence and severe consequences of cyberbullying, numerous research works have focused on mining and analyzing social network data to understand cyberbullying behavior and then using the gathered insights to develop accurate classifiers to detect cyberbullying. Some recent works have been proposed to leverage the detection classifiers in a centralized cyberbullying detection system and send notifications to the concerned authority whenever a person is perceived to be victimized. However, two concerns limit the effectiveness of a centralized cyberbullying detection system. First, a centralized detection system gives a uniform severity level of alerts to everyone, even though individual guardians might have different tolerance levels when it comes to what constitutes cyberbullying. Second, the volume of data being generated by old and new social media makes it computationally prohibitive for a centralized cyberbullying detection system to be a viable solution. In this work, we propose BullyAlert, an android mobile application for guardians that allows the computations to be delegated to the hand-held devices. In addition to that, we incorporate an adaptive classification mechanism to accommodate the dynamic tolerance level of guardians when receiving cyberbullying alerts. Finally, we include a preliminary user analysis of guardians and monitored users using the data collected from BullyAlert usage.
Nutritional management of surgically induced menopause: A case report.

Hot flashes are a primary reason for medical visits during menopause. They can interfere with sleep, cause mood disturbances, decrease the overall quality of life, and are associated with significa...
Activity-dependent release of phosphorylated human tau from Drosophila neurons in primary culture.

Neuronal activity can enhance tau release and thus accelerate tauopathies. This activity-dependent tau release can be used to study the progression of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as hyperphosphorylated tau is implicated in AD pathogenesis and related tauopathies. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate activity-dependent tau release from neurons and the role that tau phosphorylation plays in modulating activity-dependent tau release is still rudimentary. In this study, Drosophila neurons in primary culture expressing human tau (hTau) were used to study activity-dependent tau release. We found that hTau release was markedly increased by 50 mM KCl treatment for 1 h. A similar level of release was observed using optogenetic techniques, where genetically targeted neurons were stimulated for 30 min using blue light (470 nm). Our results showed that activity-dependent release of phosphoresistant hTauS11A was reduced when compared with wildtype hTau. In contrast, release of phosphomimetic hTauE14 was increased upon activation. We found that released hTau was phosphorylated in its proline-rich and C-terminal domains using phosphorylation site-specific tau antibodies (e.g., AT8). Fold changes in detectable levels of total or phosphorylated hTau in cell lysates or following immunopurification from conditioned media were consistent with preferential release of phosphorylated hTau after light stimulation. This study establishes an excellent model to investigate the mechanism of activity-dependent hTau release and to better understand the role of phosphorylated tau release in the pathogenesis of AD since it relates to alterations in the early stage of neurodegeneration associated with increased neuronal activity.
Detecting tree water stress using a trunk relative water content measurement sensor

Abstract Irrigation water management in tree crops requires timely and accurate determination of crop water status for making irrigation scheduling decisions. However, commonly used techniques for measuring tree water statuses, such as stem water potential measured with pressure chambers or leaf stomatal conductance measured with porometers, are manually operated and lack the timeliness for making irrigation decisions in real-time. The objective of this research was to develop and field test a new electronic sensor system capable of continuously monitoring tree trunk relative water content. Replicated sensors were installed in experimental orchards planted with pomegranate and nectarine trees. Data collected from the sensor readings were compared with periodic trunk diameter, stem water potential, and leaf stomatal conductance measurements. Strong linear correlations were observed between sensor readings and tree trunk diameter variations but with a 3–4-hour phase lag. Sensor readings were also strongly correlated to stem water potential (R2 = 0.58-0.85) and leaf stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.60-0.84) for both pomegranate and nectarine trees. The next step is to further validate the sensors in commercial orchards and apply the sensors for making real-time irrigation water management decisions.
Localization patterns for immunoglobulins and albumins in the brain suggest diverse mechanisms for their transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Publisher Summary The blood–brain barrier (BBB) differentially excludes serum γ-globulins and albumin. The mean concentration of immunogammaglobulin (IgG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adult humans is about 8 times lower than albumin. In this chapter, immunostaining for IgG and albumin in rat brain sections is compared to determine any differences in the patterns of intracellular vs. extracellular staining. For most animals, selective staining for albumin was far more prevalent than for IgG. Although there were numerous other immunopositive areas, differences seen in staining in of the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex are compared. Generally, patterns of staining included either dark or clear cells on a dark background, or dark cells on a clear background. In areas such as the lateral septum, there were clear (unstained) neurons on a dark background possibly because of diffusion of CSF-borne proteins into the neuropil, yet no uptake of the protein by lateral septa1 neurons. Similarly, neurons in superficial layers of the cerebral cortex were clear on a dark background of neuropil.
A New Architecture Design Paradigm for Parallel Computing in Scheme

This paper describes a new architecture design paradigm that radically reassigns various system responsibilities among the compiler, operating system, and architecture in order to simplify the design and increase the performance of parallel computing systems. Implementation techniques for latently typed languages like Scheme are enhanced and used to support compiler-enforced memory protection and compiler-controlled exception handling. Hardware design complexity is greatly reduced and hardware modularity is increased by not only eliminating the need to implement exception handling in the processor state machine, but also by eliminating global control altogether. In the absence of global control, techniques such as pipelining and multiple contexts that exploit instruction-level and thread-level parallelism can be used together without the usual processor complexity problems, to increase the efficiency of parallel systems. Complexity is reduced and efficiency is increased at the software level as well. The use of compiler-enforced memory protection and a single shared system-wide virtual address space increases inter-thread communication efficiency as well as inter-thread protection resulting in threads that not only are light-weight but also enjoy the protection guarantees of heavy-weight threads.
Trends in Environmental Law Scholarship 2008-2012

This comment provides a brief empirical snapshot of the environmental law scholarship published in top general law reviews and environmental law journals for academic years 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2010-2011. The analysis suggests that over 400 environmental law articles were published each year in these journals. The articles included for each year are identified on lists available on the Environmental Law and Policy Review websites of Vanderbilt University Law School and the Environmental Law Institute.
Cholesterol ester metabolism in rat brain. A cholesterol ester hydrolase specifically localized in the myelin sheath.

Abstract The cholesterol ester hydrolase with a pH optimum of 6.6, that we previously reported in rat brain, consists of two distinct cholesterol ester hydrolases, one localized in microsomes and the other in the myelin sheath. The microsomal hydrolase has a pH optimum of 6.0 and is highly activated by both sodium taurocholate and Triton X-100. The myelin hydrolase has a pH optimum of 7.2 and is activated by taurocholate but slightly inhibited by Triton X-100. Standard assay systems for these enzymes have been developed. A differential assay system which permits determination of either of the two cholesterol ester hydrolases in a mixture of both has been established. Of the total activity of the myelin cholesterol ester hydrolase in the starting homogenate, 70 to 80% was recovered in the purified myelin fraction with a relative specific activity of 10. Gray matter, 7-day-old rat whole brain, and brains of myelin-deficient mutant mice, Jimpy and Quaking, all contained much less activities of the myelin cholesterol ester hydrolase compared to white matter, adult rat whole brain, or brains of the control littermates of the mutant mice. The activities of the microsomal cholesterol ester hydrolase were similar in all of these samples. These findings strongly indicate that the taurocholate-activated, Triton X-100-inhibited cholesterol ester hydrolase with the pH optimum of 7.2 is highly localized in the myelin sheath. This is the second enzyme found to be myelin-specific, the first one being cyclic 2',3'-nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase. Together with the most acidic cholesterol ester hydrolase localized in the crude mitochondrial fraction, we have demonstrated three distinct cholesterol ester hydrolases in rat brain.
Nearby Small Groups of Galaxies

To date, our view of the universe has largely been two-dimensional. Velocity data, the basis for a look in the third dimension, have been too incomplete and uneven in quality to provide a clear picture. Nonetheless, the pioneering work by de Vaucouleurs (1975) has given us a rough idea of what the universe is like locally. At least a good fraction of galaxies are improbably close to their nearest neighbours compared with expectations based on statistical fluctuations of a random distribution. Our vocabulary to describe these associations includes the words: binary, group, cloud, cluster and supercluster. Does the real universe indeed have characteristic scales that make these terms meaningful? Or, as Peebles and his co-workers (Davis, Groth & Peebles 1977, and reference therein) would have us believe, is there structure on all scales, at least up to about 15 Mpc? And associated galaxies aside, are there galaxies truly randomly distributed: are there field galaxies? Looking two-dimensionally, it has been possible to arrive at remarkably different conclusions. Turner & Gott (1975) concluded that roughly 40% of all galaxies are randomly distributed while Soneira & Peebles (1977) set an upper limit of 18%. It was roughly this latter figure that de Vaucouleurs (1975) derived with his early look into the third dimension.
A workload-based adaptive load-balancing technique for mobile ad hoc networks

A novel load-balancing technique for ad hoc on-demand routing protocols is presented. Currently, ad hoc routing protocols lack load-balancing capabilities, and thus, they often fail to provide good performance especially in the presence of a large volume of traffic. We present a simple but very effective method to achieve load balance and congestion alleviation. The new scheme is motivated by the observation that ad hoc on-demand routing protocols flood route request (RREQ) messages to acquire routes, and only nodes that respond to those messages have a potential to serve as intermediate forwarding nodes. If a node ignores RREQ messages within a specific period, it can completely be excluded from the additional communications that might have occurred for that period otherwise. Thus, a node can decide not to serve a traffic flow by dropping the RREQ for that flow. In the new scheme, RREQ messages are forwarded selectively according to the load status of each node so that overloaded nodes can be excluded from the requested paths. Each node begins to allow additional traffic flows again whenever its overloaded status is dissolved. The new scheme utilizes interface queue occupancy and workload to control RREQ messages adaptively. The enhanced versions of protocols with this scheme are compared to the base protocols. Simulation results reveal that the new scheme greatly reduces packet latency as well as routing overhead without adversely affecting the network throughput, and it successfully balances the network load among nodes.
Theoretical consistency test of steam transport properties

The kinetic theory of polyatomic gases is used to test the mutual consistency of the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat of low-pressure steam from 100 to 700 C. No inconsistency exists within the cited tolerances of the skeleton tables recommended by the Sixth International Conference on the Properties of Steam, but there is some basis for suspecting that the high-temperature thermal conductivity values are slightly low. Methods for tightening the consistency bounds are suggested.
Transcriptome analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown in space: implications for gravity-responsive genes

The transcriptome of seedlings was analyzed from experiments performed on the International Space Station to study the interacting effects of light and gravity on plant tropisms (project named TROPI-2; Kiss et al. 2012). Seeds of Arabidopsis were germinated in space, and seedlings were then grown in the European Modular Cultivation System for 4 days at ~1g followed by exposure to a range of gravitational accelerations (from microgravity to 1g) and two light treatments (blue light with or without a 1 h pretreatment with red). At the end of the experiments, the cassettes containing the seedlings were frozen in the minus eighty laboratory freezer and returned to Earth on space shuttle mission STS-131. The RNA was extracted from whole seedlings and used for the transcriptome analyses. A comparison of 1g spaceflight samples with 1g ground controls identified 230 genes that were differentially regulated at least twofold, emphasizing the need for “in situ” tissue fixation on a 1g centrifuge as an important control for spaceflight experiments. A further comparison of all spaceflight samples with ground controls identified approximately 280 genes that were differentially regulated at least twofold. Of these genes, several were involved in regulating cell polarity (i.e., auxin, calcium, lipid metabolism), cell-wall development, oxygen status, and cell defense or stress. However, when the transcriptome of the all g-treated spaceflight samples was compared with microgravity samples, only ~130 genes were identified as being differently regulated (P ≤ 0.01). Of this subset, only 27 genes were at least twofold differently regulated between microgravity and 1g space samples and included putative/pseudo/undefined genes (14), transposable elements (5), an expansin (ATEXP24; At1g21240), a cell-wall kinase (WAK3; At1g21240), a laccase-like flavonoid oxidase (TT10; At5g48100), among others.
Case Studies in Low Back Pain

This paper examines a number of cases involving injuries resulting in low back pain.Case history is given together with an Ergonomic evaluation profile. An aggressive low back rehabilitation program has been applied to all reported cases. The result of this rehabilitation effort related to improvement of functional abilities is given. The relationship to job environment is also discussed. The paper demonstrates the cost effectiveness considerations of low back pain rehabilitation programs with combined reference to worker's compensation laws, health care costs and productivity factors involved.
Energy Consumption Optimization of RO Membrane Desalination Subject to Feed Salinity Fluctuation* *The present work was supported in part by the International Desalination Association (Channabasappa Memorial Scholarship to Aihua Zhu), California Department of Water Resources, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the University of California Water Resources Center, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Abstract Abstract We study the energy consumption optimization of a reverse osmosis water desalination process producing a constant permeate flow in the presence of feed concentration fluctuation. We propose a time-varying optimal operation strategy that can significantly reduce the specific energy consumption compared to time-invariant process operation.
SUNCT syndrome responsive to gabapentin (Neurontin).

A 48-year-old male suffering with SUNCT (severe unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing, rhinorrhea and sub-clinical sweating) presented in 1996 after a 10-year history of multiple failed therapies. The symptoms included strictly left-sided ocular, as well as facial and temple pain. The pain attacks were burning, sharp, shooting and occurred 25 times daily, lasting 2 to 3 minutes with tearing and conjunctival injection. There was no associated nausea or vomiting, but there was photophobia. No other autonomic changes were reported and the pain was not triggerable. Initially Indocin (indomethacin) was tried without significant benefit. Gabapentin (Neurontin) was then started with improvement at 1800 mg per day. The patient was then lost to follow-up for 3 years, as he moved from the Los Angeles area. He returned in 1999 having stopped the gabapentin after his prescription ran out in 1996, reporting the pain returned immediately. Again gabapentin was prescribed and at 900 mg ...
Dependence of single-walled carbon nanotube adsorption kinetics on temperature and binding energy.

We present results for the isothermal adsorption kinetics of methane, hydrogen, and tetrafluoromethane on closed-ended single-walled carbon nanotubes. In these experiments, we monitor the pressure decrease as a function of time as equilibrium is approached, after a dose of gas is added to the cell containing the nanotubes. The measurements were performed at different fractional coverages limited to the first layer. The results indicate that, for a given coverage and temperature, the equilibration time is an increasing function of E/(kBT), where E is the binding energy of the adsorbate and kBT is the thermal energy. These findings are consistent with recent theoretical predictions and computer simulations results that we use to interpret the experimental measurements.
Comparison of sight word training procedures with validation of the most practical procedure in teaching reading for daily living

The effectiveness and efficiency (training trials and training errors through criterion) of stimulus fading, stimulus shaping, time delay, and a feedback only procedure were compared in teaching three adults with moderate developmental delays sight words encountered in activities of daily living. In Experiment 1, the four procedures were assessed during training in a controlled environment to identify the most effective and efficient procedure for each participant. All three adults acquired the target words, and the four procedures were found to be of comparable efficiency in total training sessions, whereas individual differences were found in training errors to criterion. In Experiment 2, the feedback only procedure was used to teach the three participants sight words in community settings. Participants learned new words in the community settings and used the previously trained words in daily living activities. The benefit of conducting a preliminary evaluation of instructional procedures during controlled training is discussed.
Simplified repair of zygomatic fractures through a transconjunctival approach.

Objective To describe a simplified technique of zygomatic fracture repair. Design Retrospective, noncomparative case series with description of a surgical technique. Participants Twenty consecutive patients with zygomatic fractures undergoing repair with the described technique. Intervention Fracture repair was accomplished with a technique that used a T-bar screw for reduction through a transconjunctival approach. Main Outcome Measure Successful fracture reduction. Results Twenty patients with zygomatic fractures underwent successful reduction with the simplified technique. No complications were observed. Conclusions The use of the T-bar through a transconjunctival approach is a simplified and effective technique for zygomatic fracture repair.
Increasing awareness of practice through interaction across communities: the lived experiences of a mathematician and mathematics teacher educator

Collaborations between mathematicians and mathematics teacher educators are increasingly being expected, and realized, within the context of mathematics teacher education. Most research related to collaborative efforts between members of the mathematics and mathematics education communities has focused on the products, rather than the process of collaboration. In this article, I present the results of an interpretative phenomenological analysis investigating the lived experiences of a mathematician and a mathematics teacher educator as they team-taught a mathematics content and mathematics methods course for prospective secondary mathematics teachers. I present extracts from interviews to illustrate the instructors’ perceptions that through collaboration and participation in the practice of the “other,” they were able to increase the awareness of their own practice and the practices characterizing their respective communities. The results of this study illustrate the potential of collaboration across these communities as a form of professional development for mathematics and mathematics education faculty.
Choosing among practice modalities

Because of the proliferation of treatment modalities during the past decade or so, the social worker, after diagnosing his client or client-system can choose among many possible treatment models. In order to individualize the person-situation constellation as much and as well as possible, a rigorous conceptual framework is needed for this task. Many criteria will evolve as social workers expend their efforts in this direction. This paper has extracted two criteria from classical social work theory, the client's level of psychosocial maturation and his state of resistance and applied them to family therapy, group treatment, short-term treatment, and crisis intervention.
Pressure augmentation of an under-compensated stress-coated membrane mirror

This paper continues the work of a previous paper by investigating the concept of an initially parabolic membrane that is "flattened" due to intrinsic stresses and then re-inflated. The pressure to obtain zero apex displacement is determined, and root mean square (RMS) error is calculated. The RMS error is then minimized by varying the pressure. We also investigate the frequency response of a support ring connected to such a membrane. It is shown that the compressive loads applied by the membrane do not change the natural frequencies of the support ring appreciably.
Suppressing Effects of Histamine on Lipid Synthesis in Chick Aortic Cells

MOST investigations of histamine activity relative to the cardiovascular system have been concerned with haemodynamic effects. In a search for the effects of various agents on lipid synthesis in aortic cells in culture it was found that histamine interferes with lipid synthesis. Furthermore, such suppression of lipid synthesis can be prevented by the addition of an antihistamine.
Soluble and processable conjugated polyazines with oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)s

Abstract An efficient polycondensation reaction between α,ω-diformyl functional aromatics, namely 2,5-diheptyloxy-1,4-diformylbenzene and side-chain substituted α,ω-diformyl oligo( p -phenylene vinylene) (OPV) with hydrazine afforded novel soluble and processable conjugated polymers, P1 and P2 , respectively. The reaction conditions were investigated and structural analysis of the polymers was carried out by means of 1 H, 13 C, 15 N NMR, indicating all- trans configured C N–N C linkages. The molecular weights M n were observed at ∼1100–1400 g/mol for P1 and ∼8700–10,500 g/mol for P2 . The optical properties showed absorption maxima at ∼455 nm and ∼487 nm for P1 and P2 (CHCl 3 solutions), respectively, red shifted by 31–60 nm relative to the monomer aromatics due to conjugation through the azine linkage. The emission maxima are observed at ∼515 nm and ∼560 nm for P1 and P2 (CHCl 3 solutions), respectively. Thin films of P2 readily undergo n-doping.
Molhado: object-oriented architectural software configuration management

In this research demonstration, we describes Molhado, a research prototype of an architectural software configuration management (SCM) system that captures the evolution of system architecture, logical structures, and implementation source code in a natural and cohesive manner.
A characterization of «likeable» translation planes

A class of translation planes of orderq 2 with kernG F (q) defined by Kantor [10] and closely related to he Betten and Walker planes is studied. These planes are characterized by admitting a collineation groupG of orderq 2 in the linear translation complement such that the elation subgroup ofG leaves a regulus invariant. It is shown that except for one of the Walker planes of order 25, the full collineation group normalizesG and if the collineation group is sufficiently large then the plane is Walker or Betten.
A review of logistic regression models used to predict post-fire tree mortality of western North American conifers

Logistic regression models used to predict tree mortality are critical to post-fire management, planning prescribed burns and understanding disturbance ecology. We review literature concerning post-fire mortality prediction using logistic regression models for coniferous tree species in the western USA. We include synthesis and review of: methods to develop, evaluate and interpret logistic regression models; explanatory variables in logistic regression models; factors influencing scope of inference and model limitations; model validation; and management applications. Logistic regression is currently the most widely used and available technique for predicting post-fire tree mortality. Over 100 logistic regression models have been developed to predict post-fire tree mortality for 19 coniferous species following wild and prescribed fires. The most widely used explanatory variables in post-fire tree mortality logistic regression models have been measurements of crown (e.g. crown scorch) and stem (e.g. bole char) injury. Prediction of post-fire tree mortality improves when crown and stem variables are used collectively. Logistic regression models that predict post-fire tree mortality are the basis of simple field tools and contribute to larger fire-effects models. Future post-fire tree mortality prediction models should include consistent definition of model variables, model validation and direct incorporation of physiological responses that link to process modelling efforts.
Comparison of the structural protein coding sequences of the VR-2332 and Lelystad virus strains of the PRRS virus.

The 3′-portion of the genome of a U.S. isolate of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus, ATCC VR-2332, was cloned and sequenced. The resultant 3358 nucleotides contain 6 open reading frames (ORFs) with homologies to ORFs 2 through 7 of the European strain of the PRRS virus and other members of the free-standing genus of arteriviruses. Both VR-2332 and the European isolate (called the Lelystad virus) have been identified as infectious agents responsible for the swine disease called PRRS. Comparative sequence analysis indicates that there are degrees of amino acid identity to the Lelystad virus open reading frames ranging from 55% in ORF 5 to 79% in ORF 6. Hydropathy profiles indicate that the ORFs of VR-2332 and Lelystad virus correspond structurally despite significant sequence differences. These results are consistent with the biological similarities but distinct serological properties of North American and European isolates of the virus.
A new undergraduate course in energy conversion and mechatronics at Georgia Tech

This paper describes a new course in mechatronics that has been developed and introduced in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech. The course is designed to serve as an introduction to electromechanical energy conversion and power electronics for both ME and EE students. The course has been designed for students with no background in this area beyond basic sophomore physics. The paper describes the goals of the course and gives an outline and description of both the lecture and laboratory portions of the course.
Extreme Dissent, Conformity Reduction and the Bases of Social Influence.

In this study we investigated how “correct” and “incorrect” dissenters from erroneous group consensus affect conformity on visual and opinion stimuli under normative and informational social pressure. Participants were female undergraduates exposed to group pressure in a Tuddenbam-type electrical signaling apparatus. Results indicated that the relative impact on confortuity of “correct” and “incorrect” dissenters was not significantly affected by type of social pressure. Regardless of social pressure, a dissenter giving correct, or popular, answers (social supporter) reduced conformity significantly on both types of stimuli, compared with a unanimous condition. However, a dissenter answering even more incorrectly than the erroneous majority (extreme dissenter) reduced conformity significantly only on visual items. Results, though consistent with earlier data, cast doubt on the generality of a recent interpretation by Allen and Levine (1968, 1969) of dissenter efficacy on visual items.
An empirical study of income growth and manufacturing industry pollution in New England, 1980–1990

Abstract This paper is an empirical examination of how a community's income growth is affected by polluting manufacturing activity. The hypothesis I test is that this activity has two conflicting effects: first, industrial investment encourages economic growth through the creation of employment and other positive economic spillover effects and, second, the associated pollution causes out-migration of residents. I hypothesize that a community that is initially relatively wealthy will experience relatively more out-migration of its higher income residents, who are assumed to have a lower tolerance for pollution. Thus, such communities will grow less in response to such investment compared to its poorer neighbors. Therefore, in my econometric model the marginal effect of pollution on income growth is allowed to vary with initial incomes. I use a unique data set that incorporates Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and census tract-level data for New England for the years 1980 and 1990. The estimated effect of pollution on growth is negative, on average, and is more negative in initial incomes. In an effort to measure the out-migration effects of pollution, I use a separate measure of toxic pollution. I find that, holding constant total pollution, ‘toxic’ pollution has a more negative effect on growth for wealthier communities. These results are consistent with the above hypotheses.
Medication effectiveness studies in the United States Veterans Administration health care system: a model for large integrated delivery systems

The Veterans Administration health care system (VA) is one of the largest integrated delivery systems in the United States. The VA provides a rich central data base repository that includes detailed medication data, historical information about patient morbidities, clinical data, and inpatient and outpatient utilization information from claims data and health status information derived directly from the patient. The Veterans Health Study (VHS), a large-scale prospective study following patient's health outcomes for up to six years, derived and validated a number of patient questionnaires for wide-scale use in the VA as part of its quality monitoring and research programs. Chief among these assessments are the Veterans Rand 36 item and 12 item health surveys (VR-36 and VR-12); other assessments include measures of illness and their associated severity, health-related quality of life, and utilization of health care services. This report reviews the methodologies developed in the VHS and their subsequent applications in the VA system for conducting medication effectiveness studies based upon non-randomized prospective quasi-experimental designs that approximate real world clinical conditions. Study cohorts are described that link the patient questionnaire data with administrative, clinical, and pharmacy data to address questions about medication effectiveness. Statistical models include comprehensive risk adjustments in order to better understand the association between medications that are being compared and their associated patient outcomes. Applications of this approach are presented for medication studies in those diagnosed with hypertension, osteoarthritis, low back pain, depression, and schizophrenia. Future implications of this work are described for purposes of quality improvement. Drug Dev. Res. 67:217–226, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Amino terminal fragments of human progastrin from gastrinoma.

Abstract Two peptides which copurified from a human gastrinoma were found to correspond to the amino acid sequence deduced for the amino terminal portion of human and procine progastrin. The sequence of peptide A is Ser-Trp-Lys-Pro-Arg-Ser-Gln-Gln-Pro-Asp-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly-Thr-Gly-Ala-Asn-Arg-Asp-Leu-Glu-Leu which is identical to an amino terminal portion of human progastrin. The sequence of peptide. B is identical to that of peptide A except it is missing the first five amino acids. If peptide A corresponds to the amino terminus of progastrin, the signal peptidase cleaves at an Ala-Ser bond.
Uncovering the Mysteries of Popular Recordings Collection Development

The purpose of this article is to present a brief historical overview of popular recordings library collections in American academic institutions, stressing the need for librarians responsible for these collections to create a workable acquisitions budget, to implement a strong but flexible collection development policy, and to judiciously examine the appropriate sound carriers to be employed. Within this context suggestions are made regarding the cultivation of donations, the use of non-traditional sources such as record shows, auctions, and thrift shops for purchases, and various options to be considered related to the purchase of new compact discs and/or older formats such as 78's. 45's, and LP's.
Heat Balance and Heat Storage Estimates for Lake Erie, 1967 to 1982

Lakewide surface heat flux and components are computed for Lake Erie from detailed measurements conducted during the stratified season from 1967 to 1982. These results are formed into monthly means and compared to other long-term estimates for the period 1952 to 1968, thus providing a review of the climatological estimate of the range and variability of these parameters. Details of the lakewide monthly means of pertinent hydrometeorological and limnological observations are briefly outlined. Lake Erie heat storage is derived from intensive lakewide temperature surveys from 1967 to 1982. A verification of the computed surface heat flux estimates is accomplished by comparison between measured heat storage and computed heat storage which is based on the summation of daily heat flux calculations. A positive residual of 2,557 cal/cm2 is estimated for the long-term heat budget. Comparisons of the measured and computed heat storage for individual years over the 15-year period shows good agreement for most years.
Intraspecific variation of DNA per cell between Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. provenances.

Quantitative intraspecific variation of DNA per cell was established by means of biochemical, double wavelength microspectrophotometry and micro-densitometric analyses of root tips from 7 seed sources of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Northern seed sources possessed more DNA per cell than southern provenances. This, perhaps, is an indication of DNA adaptability through plasticity resulting from changing environmental stress over the natural range.
Complex I deficiency due to loss of Ndufs4 in the brain results in progressive encephalopathy resembling Leigh syndrome

To explore the lethal, ataxic phenotype of complex I deficiency in Ndufs4 knockout (KO) mice, we inactivated Ndufs4 selectively in neurons and glia (NesKO mice). NesKO mice manifested the same symptoms as KO mice including retarded growth, loss of motor ability, breathing abnormalities, and death by ~7 wk. Progressive neuronal deterioration and gliosis in specific brain areas corresponded to behavioral changes as the disease advanced, with early involvement of the olfactory bulb, cerebellum, and vestibular nuclei. Neurons, particularly in these brain regions, had aberrant mitochondrial morphology. Activation of caspase 8, but not caspase 9, in affected brain regions implicate the initiation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Limited caspase 3 activation and the predominance of ultrastructural features of necrotic cell death suggest a switch from apoptosis to necrosis in affected neurons. These data suggest that dysfunctional complex I in specific brain regions results in progressive glial activation that promotes neuronal death that ultimately results in mortality.
Alterations in baseline activity and quinpirole sensitivity in putative dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area after withdrawal from cocaine pretreatment

Using in vivo single-unit recording, we compared in rats the effects of continuous infusion and once-a-day injections of cocaine on the activity of single putative dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. After a 7-day withdrawal, we determined: (1) the number of spontaneously active neurons and their bursting patterns and (2) sensitivity of these neurons to intravenous quinpirole. In the substantia nigra, continuous cocaine infusion reduced the number of neurons without affecting the bursting patterns; daily injections were without effects. In the ventral tegmental area, continuous infusion reduced the bursting activity without affecting the number of neurons, whereas infections increased number of neurons without changes in the bursting pattern. Acute sulpiride normalized all the changes in both cell body areas. The quinpirole sensitivity was selectively increased in the nigral neurons following withdrawal from continuous infusion. Possible role of D2/autoreceptor mechanisms in these changes is discussed. © 1998 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Behavioral depression in pigeons following L-tryptophan administration☆

Abstract Since elevations of serotonin (5-HT) content in brain have been related to the behavioral depression which follows administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) to pigeons emitting a food-reinforced learned response, injections of L-tryptophan (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg I.M.), which is partially metabolized to 5-HT, were given to pigeons working on the same behavioral schedule. Qualitatively similar, but shorter, periods of disrupted behavior followed. As is also the case with 5-HTP, pretreatment with 50 mg/kg iproniazid, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, increases the duration of behavioral depression following L-tryptophan. Pretreatment with 10 mg/kg Lilly 110140, a new highly selective inhibitor for uptake of 5-HT into synaptosomes, also enhanced L-tryptophan induced depression. Initial neurochemical studies indicate that the elevated levels of 5-HT in the telencephalon after an injection of L-tryptophan follow the time course of the depressed behavior. These data support the suggestion that the release of 5-HT plays a role in certain types of behavioral depression.
Swallowing and feeding in older people with lifelong disability

(2002). Swallowing and feeding in older people with lifelong disability. Advances in Speech Language Pathology: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 119-121.
A Triple-Path Denuder Instrument for Ambient Particulate Sampling and Analysis

Abstract A field instrument for sampling sulfate and nitrate particulate matter in a controlled chemical environment has been constructed and field tested. The instrument contains HNO3 and NH3 denuders and an ambient air path, all connected by manifold to a PM-10 size-selective inlet. Ambient aerosols are collected on acid-washed quartz filters mounted in the front compartment of dual stainless steel cassettes. The rear cassette chamber contains backup filters which allow denuder breakthrough detection and specific gas measurements. The aerosol collection system has been designed specifically for use with x-ray diffraction analysis methods. An investigation of denuder coating reactions reveals that multistage reactions take place with ammonia absorbed by oxalic acid, and that nitromagnesite is formed by reaction of nitric acid with magnesium oxide coatings. Reference intensity constants needed for quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of denuder reactions, filter pack reactions, and ambient atmospheric ...