cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cretaceous Flora of America

NEAR the close of his very interesting lecture “On the Tropical Forests of Hampshire,” published in NATURE (vol. xv. pp. 229, 258, 279) Mr. J. S. Gardner says:—“I have great doubts, however, as to the correct position of many of the foreign so-called cretaceous beds. Those of America, from which most of the list of dicotyledons of this period is derived, appear to me, from the character of their fauna, to be rather lower eocene, or at most, filling in the gap between our chalk and London clay. Most of the shells have a marvellously eocene-like aspect, and I take it that the presence of an ammonite, and some few other forms of shells which in England do not reach above the chalk, should not be taken as conclusive evidence of the antiquity of the bed, as, although migrated from our seas, they may very well have lived on in other regions. It is inconsistent to assume that no ammonite lived on in any part of the world to a more recent period than that of our chalk.”
Likelihood ratio tests for a class of non-oblique hypotheses

In this paper, we study the likelihood ratio tests for situations in which the null and alternative hypotheses are determined by two polyhedral cones,C 1 andC 2, which are nested so thatC 1 ⊂L ⊂C 2 andL is a linear space. The two cones are proved to be non-oblique. Members which satisfy this nesting condition are easily identified and include the cases in whichC 1=L orL=C 2. When testing two non-oblique hypotheses with variances unknown, the least favorable point within the null hypothesis has not been determined in general. However, for the situation considered here, the zero vector is shown to be least favorable within the null hypothesis. Two sets of hypotheses are said to be equivalent if they lead to the same likelihood ratio test. For two non-oblique polyhedral cones,C 1 andC 2, four sets of equivalent hypotheses are identified. IfC 1 ⊂L ⊂C 2, then the two cones in each of these four sets of hypotheses are similarly nested with a linear space in between.
Comparison of multicenter registries and randomized control trials for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

Background TAVR has emerged as an attractive alternative for treatment of severe aortic stenosis in high risk surgical patients. Despite several large multicenter registries, only one randomized trial (PARTNER) has been published.
Executive functioning in offspring at risk for depression and anxiety.

Background: Executive functioning deficits (EFDs) have been found in adults with major depression and some anxiety disorders, yet it is unknown whether these deficits predate onset of disorder, or whether they reflect acute symptoms. Studies of at-risk offspring can shed light on this question by examining whether EFDs characterize children at high risk for depression and anxiety who are not yet symptomatic. Methods: This study examined neuropsychological functioning in a sample of 147 children, ages 6–17 years (M age=9.16, SD=1.82), of parents with major depression (MDD) and/or panic disorder (PD) and of controls with neither disorder. Children were assessed via structured diagnostic interviews and neuropsychological measures. Results: Although parental MDD and PD were not associated with neuropsychological impairments, presence of current offspring MDD was associated with poorer performance on several executive functioning and processing speed measures. Children with current generalized anxiety showed poorer verbal memory, whereas children with social phobia had more omissions on a continuous performance task. Conclusions: Findings suggest that EFDs do not serve as trait markers for developing anxiety or depression but appear to be symptomatic of current disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Brain tumor segmentation with symmetric texture and symmetric intensity-based decision forests

Accurate automated segmentation of brain tumors in MR images is challenging due to overlapping tissue intensity distributions and amorphous tumor shape. However, a clinically viable solution providing precise quantification of tumor and edema volume would enable better pre-operative planning, treatment monitoring and drug development. Our contributions are threefold. First, we design efficient gradient and LBPTOP based texture features which improve classification accuracy over standard intensity features. Second, we extend our texture and intensity features to symmetric texture and symmetric intensity which further improve the accuracy for all tissue classes. Third, we demonstrate further accuracy enhancement by extending our long range features from 100 mm to a full 200 mm. We assess our brain segmentation technique on 20 patients in the BraTS 2012 dataset. Impact from each contribution is measured and the combination of all the features is shown to yield state-of-the-art accuracy and speed.
A longitudinal study of reciprocal relationships between psychological dysfunction and role satisfaction among married and single adults

Theoretically informed longitudinal models specifying the reciprocal relationships between psychological dysfunction and role satisfaction are estimated in a sample of young adults from a general population. The subjects were initially studied as seventh-graders (in 1971) and were later followed up as young adults at two points in time. The specified models are estimated separately for both married and single/never-married subjects using the LISREL VII computer program. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that psychological dysfunction and role satisfaction are mutually influential over time in both the married and never-married groups. The observed effects are robust in the presence of stability effects and common antecedent variables including educational attainment, gender, race and time of follow-up interview.
Traveltime curves for reflections in dipping layers

The traveltimes for reflected waves from plane, dipping layer interfaces for split‐spread arrays and CGP gathers are determined by a computationally efficient method. The computational efficiency is obtained by (1) interpolating the traveltimes for particular source‐receiver distances from least‐squares curves fitted to traveltime data rather than by using iterative ray‐tracing techniques, and (2) using the traveltime curves for a fixed source to determine those for other source locations and for CGP gathers over the same dipping layer interfaces. The additional computations necessary in this latter case are minimal when this approach is used. The traveltime curves for other source locations and CGP gathers are obtained by taking advantage of the fact that the traveltimes and travel distances for parallel rays are simply related for plane, dipping layer interfaces. For the fixed source array, standard deviations between 0.95 msec for the fourth interface (in a four layer model) and 9.5 msec for the first ...
Amino acid sequence constraint and gene expression pattern across the life history in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract The relationship between gene expression across the life cycle and protein conservation in Plasmodium falciparum was examined by comparing gene expression data for six life-history stages with the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per site ( d N ) between 901 orthologous gene pairs of P. falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii . A high level of expression across the life history was associated with decreased d N and thus with protein conservation. By contrast, differential expression in the sporozoite and merozoite stages was associated with increased d N . At least some sporozoite- and merozoite-expressed genes with high d N have probably been subject to positive selection arising from parasite–host coevolution. A high level of expression across the life history was associated with higher than average G + C content at the first and second codon positions, whereas a high level of expression in the sporozoite and merozoite was associated with reduced G + C content at the first and second codon positions, the latter pattern evidently reflecting the relaxation of constraint on the amino acid sequence.
A Sound Strategy for Preservation: Adapting Audio Engineering SocietyTechnical Metadata for Use in Multimedia Repositories

Preservation of our audiovisual heritage is critical, and technical metadata is at the heart of any effective preservation program. This article documents the efforts of Rutgers University Libraries to implement the Audio Engineering Society's (AES) draft “Audio Object” schema, AES-X098B, extend it for moving images, align it with existing standards, and integrate it with technical metadata for text, three-dimensional objects, and graphics. The article compares several existing and emerging technical metadata standards, provides a description and assessment of the AES schema, and concludes with an application profile for several New Jersey repositories.
When in Doubt

It is practically a truism of emergency medicine that, when in doubt, the physician should resuscitate first and ask questions later. There is frequently doubt. End-of-life decisions are particularly challenging for patients and their families in the emergency department (ED). Even when there is an advance directive, it is often outdated, improperly filled out, or, more likely, missing. When uncertainty exists, at least the reasoning for our actions is clear: you can always withdraw support later, but you can’t bring someone back to life once they’re dead. Even though I have adhered to it faithfully, this approach is occasionally a challenge for me. Legal and professional standards may ease the decision to preserve life, but it is often surprisingly difficult to intervene when one knows there is a real chance of increasing the patient’s suffering. I was therefore particularly moved by a 98-year-old patient who was found by her daughters, barely breathing next to 3 empty bottles of vintage Nembutal and Seconal and her recently signed do-not-resuscitate order. The medics were called and, without hesitation, they performed the intubation, placed the lines, and raced off to the ED. Advance directives don’t cover suicide. The patient was a retired physician who would have known the implications of her actions. She had saved prescriptions of sleeping pills for more than 40 years. It seemed clear to me that she had made an unimpeachably lucid and reasonable choice about her life and the medical establishment had reflexively taken it away from her. She was ninety-eight. On arrival, my patient was stable and her workup didn’t show anything surprising. She had overdosed on sleeping pills from the ’60s. Talking with her family, I discovered that she hadn’t complained of anything recently, showed signs of depression, or given any hint that she was considering suicide. There was nothing for me to do but admit her to the ICU. But this elderly physician’s story stuck with me. Here was a woman who had executed a death plan almost identical to the one I had conjured up for my own old age, specifically to avoid the unit where I sent my patient. And somehow the intimately violent tools of our profession—laryngoscope blades, needles, stylets—seemed particularly misused on a woman who was clearly looking for a peaceful and quiet way to die after almost a century of life. s
Quantized charge transport, chiral anomalies, and fractional charge

The phenomenon of quantized charge transport is studied using relativistic field theory. Perhaps surprisingly, the charge outflow per period is sometimes quantized in units of two. The interplay between quantized transport, chiral anomalies, and charge fractionization is clarified. In particular, yet another derivation of the relation between π → 2γ and γ → 3π is given.
The effect of indium substitution for copper on the superconductivity of the electron-doped system Nd-Ce-Cu-O

Abstract Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on the new electron-doped Nd 2− x Ce x Cu 1− z In z O 4− y superconductors are reported. Replacing 3% of Cu 2+ with In 3+ in the non-superconducting compound Nd 1.88 Ce 0.12 CuO 4− y yields superconductivity with an onset superconducting critical temperature T c ≈23 K . The combined substitution of Ce 4+ and In 3+ with x + z in the range 0.15 to 0.17 affects T c in a similar way as the substitution of Ce 4+ alone (z = 0) where electrons are supplied from outside the CuO 2 planes. Furthermore, for x + z = 0.15 (i.e., constant electron concentration), we find that T c remains relatively constant (∽24 K), while Δ T c increases with increasing z from 4 K at z = 0 to 19.4 K at z = 0.04.
Interactional model for the association among maternal alcohol use, mother-infant interaction, and infant cognitive development

The association among maternal alcohol consumption, mother-infant interaction, and infant cognitive development was examined in this experiment. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model in which infant cognitive development, as measured by the Bayley Mental Scale, was assumed to be influenced by the infant's affect and the mother's ability to interact with the infant. It was hypothesized that infants of mothers who drank more heavily prenatally would have increased negative affect in interaction. The mothers of these infants were predicted to be less stimulating and elaborative in interaction. Infants experiencing less optimal interactions with their mothers were posited to exhibit lower cognitive performance. A direct path between maternal prenatal alcohol use and infant outcome was also hypothesized. Results were consistent with the model suggesting that the mother's alcohol use is directly associated with infant mental development and has teratogenic effects on infant affect which, in turn, relates to the mother-infant relationship and to infant cognitive performance. Postnatal alcohol consumption was found to relate directly to infant cognition and not to infant affect or material interaction characteristics.
Diethylamine/nitric oxide (NO) adduct, an NO donor, produces potent pulmonary and systemic vasodilation in intact newborn lambs.

Nitric oxide (NO), a labile humoral factor produced by vascular endothelial cells, is a potent vasodilator and an important mediator of pulmonary vascular tone. Nucleophile/NO adducts are a new class of compounds that spontaneously and predictively release NO. We investigated the hemodynamic effects of intravenous (i.v.) infusions of a recently developed NO-donor drug, the diethylamine-nitric oxide adduct (DEA/NO), in 17 intact newborn lambs. At rest, DEA/NO (1-2 microgram.kg-1.min-1) produced dose-dependent decreases in mean pulmonary (from 10.6 +/- 8.6 to 21.2 +/- 7.9%, p < 0.05) and systemic arterial pressure (from 13.2 +/- 11.7 to 31.0 +/- 15.4%, p < 0.05). Similarly, during pulmonary hypertension induced by infusion of U46619, DEA/NO (0.5-2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) produced dose-dependent decreases in mean pulmonary (from 7.3 +/- 5.6 to 24.1 +/- 13.3%, p < 0.05) and systemic arterial pressure (from 2.2 +/- 3.8 to 20.3 +/- 12.9%, p < 0.05). Cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), systemic arterial blood gases, and pH were unchanged; atrial pressures decreased at higher doses. Equimolar infusions of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine, nitroglycerin (NTG), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) produced similar decreases in pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure. The nucleophile/NO adducts are potent vasodilators; their predictable and quantitative release of NO make them potentially useful research tools. In addition, because these compounds may decrease the incidence of tolerance and the risk from toxic metabolites associated with use of other nitrovasodilators, they may be clinically useful.
Degradação biológica do PVC em aterro sanitário e avaliação microbiológica

O poli(cloreto de vinila) (PVC) e um dos polimeros utilizado no campo das embalagens e no setor calcadista, e, em funcao da sua aplicacao diversificada, apresenta elevados percentuais em aterros domesticos e industriais. E um polimero amorfo podendo apresentar diferentes teores de plastificante e outros aditivos responsaveis pela sua estabilizacao, os quais podem influenciar no tempo de vida util e nas propriedades do produto final. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo da degradacao quimica e biologica de filmes de poli(cloreto de vinila) flexivel (PVC-f), no aterro sanitario Sao Giacomo, na cidade de Caxias do Sul/RS, antes e apos 330 dias de disposicao. As amostras de PVC-f antes e apos a disposicao no aterro sanitario foram avaliadas por analise termica (TGA), estrutural (FT-IR) e morfologica (MEV e MO). Observou-se que as amostras de PVC-f dispostas no aterro sanitario (PVC-fa), apresentam um unico evento de perda de massa, em relacao ao PVC-f nao degradado ou virgem (PVC-fv), alem de um maior % de perda de massa e de mudancas estruturais. Nas amostras de PVC-fa foram observadas modificacoes morfologicas importantes para descrever os fenomenos de degradacao como erosao da superficie, bioerosao, que propiciaram a acao das leveduras, bacterias e fungos presentes no meio no polimero aterrado.
Regional Economic Convergence in Mexico: An Analysis by Industry

Existing studies of convergence across jurisdictions of a nation have focused on developed economies. A key assumption underlying regional convergence is geographical factor mobility, and in a developed economy, mobility is facilitated by low transportation costs. By the same token, convergence in a less-developed economy may be impeded by the absence of a well-developed transportation infrastructure. We examine the rate and industrial composition of economic convergence in a neighboring less-developed country (LDC), Mexico, to examine how it might have differed from the U.S. experience. We find evidence of stronger convergence in Gross State Product per capita in Mexico relative to existing estimates of U.S. convergence. Further, while manufacturing activity has been found to be a primary source of convergence in the U.S., we find weaker evidence of convergence of manufacturing activity in Mexico. On the other hand, industries such as hotels and transportation were found to be significantly influential in regional convergence in the Mexican economy.
Renormalization group in the large N limit

Abstract The normalization group in the large N limit is described and its fixed point and eigenvalues determined for 2
A probability distribution and convergence of the consistency index u in the analytic hierarchy process

In 1977, T.L. Saaty developed the analytic hierarchy process, which is widely applied in decision sciences. For each level of the hierarchy, a pairwise comparison matrix A is formed and a weight vector is derived by solving the eigenvector problem of the matrix A. Saaty defined u @? @l"m"a"x - nn - 1 as the consistency index, which is a measure of the consistency or reliability of information contained in the comparison matrix, where @l"m"a"x is the principal eigenvalue of A and n is the number of objects in a level of hierarchy. However, there has been little success in obtaining the probability distribution of u, because it is mathematically difficult to derive the analytic form of such a distribution function. This paper presents a numerical method to calculate the probability distribution function of u under the assumption that the error terms are independently and identically distributed with the lognormal distribution. The numerical result of such a probability distribution of u for @s = 1, n = 3, 4, ..., 10, which are very often used in practice, can be found in the Appendix. This paper also points out via an example the difficulty in proving or disproving Saaty's conjecture: the consistency index u converges. The paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition that the convergence of u is almost certain under the assumption that the error terms @e"i"j are independently and identically distributed.
A mechanism for hormonal activation of lipolysis and respiration in free brown fat cells.

Free brown fat cells were obtained by digestion of minced brown adipose tissue with bacterial collagenase. Electron micrographs have shown many mitochondria with tightly packed cristae in free brown fat cells. Lipolysis was activated in free brown fat cells was lipolysis accompanied by a marked stimulation of respiration. Insulin inhibits the catecholamine-induced respiration in the complete absence of glucose. Catecholamines, theophylline and dibutyryl 3′,5′-AMP all appear to activate lipolysis and respiration by a process dependent upon energy derived from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Uncoupling agents such asm-chlorocarbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone stimulated respiration. The addition of oligomycin prior to that of catecholamine inhibited the increase in respiration to a much greater extent than if it was added after the catecholamine. The increase in respiration due to lipolytic agents appears to be the result of increased free fatty acid release mediated through activation of lipolysis by cyclic 3′,5′-AMP, since the addition of octanoate or palmitate to brown fat cells mimicked the effects of lipolytic agents on respiration. The activation of energy metabolism may be the result of a large increase in the energy-dependent cyclic transport of K+, as a result of alterations in the mitochondrial membrane by free fatty acids. This hypothesis is based on the following findings. The activation of respiration by fatty acids or lipolytic agents was dependent upon the presence of K+ in the medium. The addition of K+, Rb+ or Cs+, but not NH4 +, to fat cells isolated and incubated in K+-free buffer restored the ability of lipolytic agents to increase respiration. Valinomycin, an antibiotic which stimulates uptake of K+ by mitochondria and increases the permeability of lipid membranes to K+, was a potent stimulator of respiration in free brown fat cells in the presence of K+. The stimulation of respiration by theophylline or valinomycin was blocked by nigericin which also increases the K+ permeability of membranes but blocks the uptake of K+ by mitochondria. The lipolytic action of theophylline was virtually unaffected by K+ or nigericin.
Evidence That C Promoter-binding Factor 1 Binding Is Required for Notch-1-mediated Repression of Activator Protein-1

Abstract Cell fate determination in invertebrate and vertebrate systems is regulated by the Notch signaling pathway. Four mammalian Notch genes, Notch 1–4, encode differentially expressed transmembrane receptors. The canonical Notch pathway involves proteolytic liberation of the Notch-1 intracellular domain (NIC-1), which activates CSL (CBF1, Su(H), and Lag-1)-mediated transactivation. We showed previously that NIC-1 also represses activator protein-1 (AP-1)-mediated transactivation. The N-terminal RAM (RBP-Jκ associated molecule) domain of NIC-1 was required for both activation and repression. To investigate the mechanism of AP-1 repression, we tested whether distinct sequences within the RAM domain mediate activation versus repression. We analyzed the capacity of RAM domain mutants to bind endogenous CBF1, to activate CSL-mediated transactivation, and to repress AP-1. A mutant lacking 20 amino acids of the RAM domain (Δ1759–1778) resembled the RAM domain deletion mutant in being defective in all activities. Analysis of 14 deletion and alanine substitution mutants revealed a correlation between CBF1 binding, CSL-mediated transactivation, and AP-1 repression. Stably transfected K562 cells could only tolerate very low level expression of wild-type NIC-1 and NIC-1 mutants retaining activation/repression activities. By contrast, transcriptionally compromised NIC-1 mutants accumulated at high levels. These results support a model in which the binding of NIC-1 to CBF1 is required for AP-1 repression and reveal a powerful cell-sensing mechanism that suppresses the levels of transcriptionally competent NIC-1.
CYTOPLASMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MALIC DEHYDROGENASE.

Abstract Malic dehydrogenase in the mature human erythrocyte possesses the properties of the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme. The red cell contains a large quantity of malic dehydrogenase in contrast to the absence or minimal activity of certain other enzymes in this tissue which also exist in the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial form. A possible role for malic dehydrogenase in the metabolism of the erythrocyte has been suggested.
Paths for Future Population Aging

Trends in demographic aging in developed and developing countries are examined. "Developed countries with low fertility and mortality rates are already experiencing population aging and will continue to do so. Some developing countries undergoing demographic transitions are beginning to acknowledge the issues of population aging. The projected declines in fertility in other developing countries will mean substantial population aging in the future. Alternative measures for population aging can clarify issues that arise with this process. Because population aging is inevitable all countries need to incorporate aging policies with population policies." (EXCERPT)
Evidence on the interrelationships of the families of clavarioid fungi

Observations on the cyanophilous reaction of spore ornamentation and other microscopic characteristics of the fruiting bodies in the clavarioid fungi largely support Donk's (1964) taxonomic treatment of the group. A new combination, Ramaria crassipes (Peck) is proposed.
Differential effect of monoclonal anti-DR antibody on monocytes in antigen- and mitogen-stimulated responses: Mechanism of inhibition and relationship to interleukin 1 secretion

A differential role for DR antigens on monocytes in antigen-stimulated as opposed to mitogen-stimulated human lymphocyte responses has been observed. A monoclonal anti-DR antibody used to treat monocytes caused inhibition of antigen-induced T-cell responses and of T-cell-dependent B-cell responses. However, anti-DR antibody treatment of monocytes did not inhibit mitogen-induced responses. Anti-DR treatment of monocytes did not induce suppression, as antigen-induced responses could be reconstituted with untreated monocytes. Anti-DR treatment of monocytes did not merely block interleukin 1 (IL-1) secretion since addition of IL-1 could not restore antigen-induced responses. Monoclonal anti-DR antibody did not directly inhibit monocyte secretion of IL-1. DR-negative monocytes, selected by antibody and complement, could not present antigen, even though they were capable of secreting IL-1. Thus, this monoclonal anti-DR antibody sterically blocks antigen presentation by monocytes without induction of suppression or inhibition of IL-1 secretion. Monocyte DR antigens appear essential for stimulation of antigen-induced responses, but DR antigens on monocytes may not be essential for mitogen-stimulated responses and do not appear to be related to the ability of monocytes to secrete IL-1.
A highly reproducible rotenone model of Parkinson's disease

The systemic rotenone model of Parkinson's disease (PD) accurately replicates many aspects of the pathology of human PD and has provided insights into the pathogenesis of PD. The major limitation of the rotenone model has been its variability, both in terms of the percentage of animals that develop a clear-cut nigrostriatal lesion and the extent of that lesion. The goal here was to develop an improved and highly reproducible rotenone model of PD. In these studies, male Lewis rats in three age groups (3, 7 or 12-14 months) were administered rotenone (2.75 or 3.0 mg/kg/day) in a specialized vehicle by daily intraperitoneal injection. All rotenone-treated animals developed bradykinesia, postural instability, and/or rigidity, which were reversed by apomorphine, consistent with a lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Animals were sacrificed when the PD phenotype became debilitating. Rotenone treatment caused a 45% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive substantia nigra neurons and a commensurate loss of striatal dopamine. Additionally, in rotenone-treated animals, α-synuclein and poly-ubiquitin positive aggregates were observed in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra. In summary, this version of the rotenone model is highly reproducible and may provide an excellent tool to test new neuroprotective strategies.
Small angle x-ray scattering study of imperfections in copper

Upon annealing, the small angle X-ray scattering in deformed copper first increases and then decreases in the angle range between 10 and 30 minutes of arc. This result combined with Blin and Guinier’s observation that under similar conditions the scattering decreases in the range of 1 1/2 to 7 degrees may be interpreted as an indication of clustering of defects prior to their disappearance.
Growth of bean and tomato plants as affected by root absorbed growth substances and atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Bean and tomato plants were grown in solution culture root media containing pre-determined concentrations of gibberellin A3 (GA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), N6-benzyladenine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC), and at atmospheric levels of 300 and 1000 ppm of CO2. Net assimilation rates (NAR), relative growth rates (RGR), leaf area ratios (LAR), root to top dry weight ratios (R/T) and changes in dry weight, size, and form of each organ were recorded. Gibberellin had no effect on RGR of either plant species but increased the NAR of tomatoes at 1000 ppm CO2. Total dry weight was only slightly affected by GA but root growth and R/T were markedly depressed. CCC had no effect on NAR, but decreased RCR and LAR. Root growth of beans and R/T in both plants were promoted by CCC. NAR and RGR were strongly inhibited by BA and NAA. Inhibition of stem and leaf growth by CCC and NAA was greater than that for roots; thus, R/T ratios were increased. Root branching was promoted by NAA. High (1000 ppm), compared to the low (300 ppm), atmospheric levels of CO2 generally promoted root growth and produced an increase in the R/T, both in the absence and presence of chemical treatment. The multiplicity of effects of the rootabsorbed chemical growth substances and CO2 on growth and photosynthesis is discussed.
Molecular biology studies of tubercidin resistance in Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosomatids are incapable of de novo purine synthesis; purines are obtained through the scavenging of exogenous nucleosides. To advance our understanding of purine utilization, we mutagenized aTrypanosoma cruzi stock and selected for resistance to high levels of tubercidin (7-deazaadanosine, TUB), a purine analog. The TUB-resistant stocks were>100 times more resistant to TUB than was the parental stock. TUB and uridine transport in the TUB-resistant stocks decreased by 50%–90%, whereas thymidine and adenosine transport were unaffected. These data imply that TUB-resistant stocks have defects in the pathways involved in the transport of TUB and uridine but not in the thymidine and adenosine transport pathways. Karyotype analyses using specific probes showed that the deletion of a 950-kb chromosome-size DNA occurred in both of the TUB-resistant stocks. These data suggest that genes involved in nucleoside transport are located in this DNA region. This study will facilitate the identification and characterization of the specific genes involved in nucleoside transport and aid in the elucidation and development of new chemotherapeutics for Chagas' disease.
Further Investigation of High-Temperature Alkaline Floods

Effectiveness of alkalies such as NaOH, Na/sub 2/SiO/sub 3/ and Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ to recover residual oil during hot waterfloods (180/sup 0/C) was investigated and compared. These alkalies with or without surfactants may be added to steam to enhance the oil recovery from that portion of the reservoir which is subjected to a hot waterflood during steam injection. Tertiary flood rate and concentration of the injected alkalies were changed and their corresponding effects on recovery efficiency, water-oil ratio, recovery mechanism and alkali consumption were studied. Some lower temperature floods were also performed using caustic. Dynamic interfacial tensions between the acidic crude oil and the alkaline solutions at different pH were measured at elevated temperatures up to 180/sup 0/C using a drop weight technique. For some alkalies (e.g. NaOH), effect of salt and surfactant addition were also investigated.
QUIET REVOLUTION FOR WHOM

ABSTRACT Land use control reform has been a staple of liberal thought in the U.S. over the last two decades. The need to accommodate larger developments and to secure state or regional review of local government decisions is now widely accepted as inevitable, rational, and in the public interest. This opinion did not gain its popularity by chance, however; it has been promoted vigorously by a small group of people closely associated with large developers and the business-backed regional planning movement. The reforms they advocate are best understood in terms of the obstacles presented to capital accumulation by three historical changes. First, increases in the scale and changes in the design of residential projects after World War II made prewar zoning practices obsolete. Second, popular movements began to oppose unrestricted urban growth in the 1960s. Third, the postwar property boom of 1968–1973 gave way to recession. Moreover, contrary to the reformers' claims, large-scale residential developments are...
An automated turbidimetric rate method for immunoglobulin assays

A turbidimetric rate method for the determination of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM has been adapted to an automatic kinetic rate analyzer. The procedure can be run on mildly lipemic sera without correction for sample light scatter. We report correlations with results by an immunodiffusion method and a manual laser nephelometric technique. The automated rate procedure described provides a rapid, accurate, precise and sensitive way to measure immunoglobulins.
Osiris: generating concern models from source code

Comprehending software is hard. There's an inversely proportional relationship between a software system's complexity and size on the one hand and the usability of existing approaches for program comprehension on the other. Ironically, the need for these approaches increases directly proportional with the size of the system. In this work, we describe our approach and tool Osiris for automatic generation of concern models from source code. Our approach helps in program comprehension by identifying coherent sets of methods, grouping them into concerns and propagating these concerns along the concern graph of the application.
Control of angular momentum evolution in Stark wave packets

Using techniques of ultrafast coherent control, we propose a method to produce high-purity high-$\mathcal{l}$ (angular momentum) states in Rydberg Stark wave packets. Two time-delayed phase-locked laser pulses excite the atom from a low-lying ``launch state'' into a low-$\mathcal{l}$ Rydberg wave packet, in the presence of a static electric field. By choosing the time delays between the pulses, and the static electric field, we find that a high-$\mathcal{l}$ state with high purity can be created at the target time.
Age- and genotype-dependent differences in catecholamine concentrations in the porcine caudate nucleus

Abstract Catecholamine concentrations of the caudate nucleus were determined by radio-enzymatic assay in stress-susceptible and stress-resistent pigs at five different ages. Dopamine concentrations increased with age up to the time of puberty and declined therafter in both genotypes of pigs. Generally, epinephrine concentrations increased with increasing age in both genotypes of pigs. Norepinephrine concentrations remained relatively constant for all ages of pigs except the oldest pigs. For most age groups, dopamine concentrations were lower in pigs of stress-susceptible genotype than in stress-resistant genotype.
Late Neogene and Quaternary landscape evolution of the northern California Coast Ranges: Evidence for Mendocino triple junction tectonics

A landscape records the surface response to tectonics at time scales intermediate between short time-scale information derived from seismic imaging and global positioning systems and the long-term geologic record. We link late Neogene and Quaternary deposits and landforms in the northern California Coast Ranges to the tectonics of the Mendocino triple junction. In the northern California Coast Ranges, the Mendocino crustal conveyor geodynamic model describes crustal thickening, thinning, and dynamic topography that produce a "double-humped" pattern of uplift that migrates northward with the Mendocino triple junction. The tectonics are manifest in the drainage system and elevation pattern of the Coast Ranges. At long wavelengths, the elevation pattern closely matches the predicted double-peaked shape of Mendocino crustal conveyor topography, and the high points of uplift control the location of drainage divides. Presently, the divide between the Russian and Eel Rivers and the divide between the Eel and Van Duzen Rivers approximately correspond to the peaks of uplift predicted by the Mendocino crustal conveyor model. As the triple junction migrates northward, the double-humped pattern of uplift and subsidence migrates, and the Coast Ranges emerge. Smaller drainages develop and evolve by stream capture and flow reversal, and the two main divides migrate in concert with the triple junction. In contrast to the systematic development of the small streams, the largest trunk streams can maintain grade through regions of high uplift, and coastal river mouths remain stationary despite the uplift moving north. Before ca. 2 Ma, the majority of the Coast Range drainage flowed to a southern coastal outlet near the present mouth of the Russian River. At 2 Ma, facilitated by headwater stream capture at key locations, the drainage direction reversed, and the majority of Coast Range rivers now drain into the north-flowing Eel River. The major drainage reorganization at 2 Ma highlights the potential for complexity in geomorphic response to tectonics.
Elaphrosaurus , an ornithomimid dinosaur from the upper jurassic of north America and Africa

A humerus from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of western North America is referred toElaphrosaurus which is represented by a skeleton from the Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania, East Africa. The referral ofCoelurus agilis Marsh (Morrison Formation, western U.S.A.) andTeinurosaurus sauvagei (Huene) (Kimmeridgian, France) toElaphrosaurus is incorrect. The recognition ofElaphrosaurus from North America provides additional evidence for a Morrison-Tendaguru land connection sometime during the Late Jurassic.Elaphrosaurus is referred to the family Ornithomimidae because the form of the humerus, slender and straight with a low deltopectoral crest, is diagnostic of this family.Deinocheirus from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia is a giant ornithomimid.
Inactivation of polyphenol oxidase in muscadine grape juice by dense phase-CO2 processing

Abstract The effect of dense phase-CO2 processing (DP-CO2) on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, polyphenolic and antioxidant changes in muscadine grape juice under different processing pressures (27.6, 38.3, and 48.3 MPa) and CO2 concentrations (0, 7.5, and 15%) were measured. Subsequently two DP-CO2 conditions (48.3 MPa at 0 or 15% CO2) were evaluated for polyphenolic and antioxidant changes during storage (4 °C, four weeks). Pressure alone was responsible for a 40% decrease in PPO activity that resulted in 16–40% polyphenolic and antioxidant losses. Increasing CO2 from 0 to 7.5% was responsible for an additional 35% decrease in enzyme activity and a two-fold greater polyphenolic retention. However, insignificant changes in PPO activity or polyphenolic retention were observed when CO2 was increased to 15%. During storage, juices with residual PPO activity following processing resulted in greater polyphenolic (8- to 10-fold) and antioxidant capacity (four-fold) degradation compared to control juices with no PPO activity. This study demonstrated that partial PPO inactivation can be obtained by DP-CO2 and that CO2 level was the primary variable influencing PPO activity and polyphenolics and antioxidant capacity retention in muscadine grape juice.
Quantum Confinement Effects on the Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Si/Si1-xGex System

The Si/Sil−xGex quantum well system is attractive for high temperature thermoelectric applications and for demonstration of proof-of-principle for enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit Z, since the interfaces and carrier densities can be well controlled in this system. We report here theoretical calculations for Z in this system, and results from theoretical modeling of quantum confinement effects in the presence of δ-doping within the barrier layers. The δ-doping layers are introduced by growing very thin layers of wide band gap materials within the barrier layers in order to increase the effective barrier height within the barriers and thereby reduce the barrier width necessary for the quantum confinement of carriers within the quantum well. The overall figure of merit is thereby enhanced due to the reduced barrier width and hence reduced thermal conductivity, dd. The δ-doping should further reduce dd in the barriers by introducing phonon scattering centers within the barrier region. The temperature dependence of Z for Si quantum wells is also discussed.
Long-term trends in cigarette smoking among young U.S. adults

Retrospective examination of a national probability sample revealed that young women, particularly those who dropped out of high school, have reached smoking rates as high or higher than subgroups of young men. These results suggest that surveillance, research, and public health programs are needed to address the rapid increase in smoking among young women.
Semantics-based distributed I/O for mpiBLAST

BLAST is a widely used software toolkit for genomic sequence search. mpiBLAST is a freely available, open-source parallelization of BLAST that uses database segmentation to allow different worker processes to search (in parallel) unique segments of the database. After searching, the workers write their output to a filesystem. While mpiBLAST has been shown to achieve high performance in clusters with fast local filesystems, its I/O processing remains a concern for scalability, especially in systems having limited I/O capabilities such as distributed filesystems spread across a wide-area network. Thus, we present ParaMEDIC---a novel environment that uses application-specific semantic information to compress I/O data and improve performance in distributed environments. Specifically, for mpiBLAST, ParaMEDIC partitions worker processes into compute and I/O workers. Compute workers, instead of directly writing the output to the filesystem, the workers process the output using semantic knowledge about the application to generate metadata and write the metadata to the filesystem. I/O workers, which physically reside closer to the actual storage, then process this metadata to re-create the actual output and write it to the filesystem. This approach allows ParaMEDIC to reduce I/O time, thus accelerating mpiBLAST by as much as 25-fold.
Factors Affecting Ultrasonic Release from eLiposomes

Liposomes containing emulsion droplets (eLiposomes) were studied as ultrasound-responsive liposomal drug carriers. This paper presents the effects of temperature, eLiposome size, and ultrasound parameters on the ultrasonically actuated release of calcein, to test hypotheses concerning the physics of acoustic droplet vaporization with regard to vapor pressure and Laplace pressure. Small (200 nm) eLiposomes containing 100-nm emulsion droplets were formed and compared with large (800 nm) eLiposomes containing 100- or 450-nm droplets. Calcein release was quantified by spectroscopic methods. Various experiments examined the influence of perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplet size, vesicle size, temperature, PFC composition and vapor pressure, insonation time, and insonation frequency. Results showed that eLiposome samples released significantly more calcein than their conventional liposome counterparts. Surprisingly, temperature (which directly controls vapor pressure) did not have a strong effect on ultrasound-induced calcein release. In general, calcein release decreased with decreasing droplet size, as hypothesized based on Laplace pressure. Release decreased with increased ultrasound frequency if the pressure amplitude and exposure time were maintained constant, indicating that the gas-phase nucleation rate may have an important role in rupture of eLiposomes. Interestingly, when ultrasound of the same mechanical index was applied at two frequencies, the amount of release correlated strongly with the mechanical index.
The chronic toxicity of octadecylamine in the rat--a supplemental report.

Abstract Rats fed diets containing octadecylamine at levels of 200 and 500 ppm, respectively, for a two-year period exhibited no signs of toxicity and no pathologic changes attributable to the feeding of this compound. Food consumption, increase in body weight, and rate of survival of the rats were normal. These results confirm the conclusions of our previous report.
Strategic planning for data warehousing

Abstract In the course of a major strategic planning exercise for a large municipal government, data warehousing emerged as a tactic for consolidating and sharing information among many City departments with different informational needs and a variety of computing platforms. In this paper, we describe processes and analytical methods for shaping a data warehousing strategy and for determining the contents of the data warehouse. We also present some cautionary conclusions about the development of monolithic data warehouses to serve an entire organization.
The course of retinal vasculitis

Aims To determine if characteristics of retinal vasculitis correlate with ocular complications, or the response to different lines of treatment. Materials and methods We performed a computerised database analysis of 56 patients evaluated for uveitis at the Casey Eye Institute from September 1985 until May 2010. All patients had non-infectious retinal vasculitis and at least 1 year of follow-up. Results Although occlusive vasculitis was rare, retinal neovascularisation occurred much more commonly in the occlusive vasculitis subgroup than among the non-occlusive vasculitis subgroup (p Conclusions The heterogeneity of retinal vasculitis should be considered in providing prognostic information. Neovascularisation occurs more commonly in occlusive retinal vasculitis, and ERM is diagnosed more frequently in conjunction with cotton wool spots and intraretinal haemorrhage rather than just vascular sheathing. Cigarette use predicts visual loss and patients who are relatively young often receive treatment beyond oral corticosteroids.
“It Depends on How You Define Integrated”: Neighborhood Boundaries and Racial Integration in a Baltimore Neighborhood1

There are a significant number of racially integrated neighborhoods in the United States, many of which have been stable over time. However, very little is known about the characteristics of these neighborhoods and of the residents who live in them. With data taken from a larger study of an integrated neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, this article discusses homeowners’ perceptions of their community and racial integration. Fifty semi-structured interviews were completed with 67 homeowners to investigate their perceptions and experiences of race, class, and change in their community. This study shows that statistical racial integration and perceptions of racial integration are two different factors. Residents define true racial integration as both residential and social. As a result, homeowners reported that their neighborhood is both segregated and integrated—a type of “qualified” integration. Perceptions of racial integration are also affected by inconsistently defined neighborhood boundaries and racial clustering, block by block.