cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience with the Polymer-Coated Hydroxyapatite Implant after Enucleation in 126 Patients

Objective To evaluate the new polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implant. Design Retrospective nonrandomized single-center case series. Participants One hundred twenty-six patients managed with enucleation and placement of the polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implant at the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital of Thomas Jefferson University. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 126 patients managed with enucleation and placement of the polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implant. Main Outcome Measures Ease of placement, functional ocular motility, tissue complications, and patient satisfaction. Results The preenucleation diagnoses included uveal melanoma (n = 76; 61%), retinoblastoma (n = 34; 27%), blind painful eye (n = 8; 6%), neovascular glaucoma from intraocular tumors or retinal detachment (n = 5; 4%), and others (n = 3; 2%). Previous ocular therapies for posterior segment conditions such as plaque radiotherapy, retinal detachment repair, and chemoreduction, thermotherapy, and cryotherapy had been performed in 22% of patients (n = 27). The implant size was 20 mm (n = 103; 82%), 18 mm (n = 22; 17%), and 16 mm (n = 1; 1%). Implant preparation and placement was uncomplicated in all patients, without adhesion to surrounding tissue. Four rectus muscles were attached to the implant in all patients. Socket motility was judged to be good (n = 118; 94%), fair (n = 6; 5%), and poor (n = 2; 2%). Complications included conjunctival thinning (n = 1; Conclusions The polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implant is smoothly placed into the orbit after enucleation without the need for additional tissue wrap. With proper placement, this implant provides satisfactory functional motility and shows favorable tissue tolerance with no clinical evidence of allergic reaction or extrusion.
Pathologic findings in women with atypical glandular cells on Pap test.

Introduction It has been shown that a significant subset of atypical glandular cells (AGC) indicates underlying malignancies. Therefore, it is imperative to recognize, diagnose, and treat these lesions early. We evaluated the clinical significance of AGC on cervical cytology in our hospital. Materials and methods A total of 376 consecutive Pap tests with a diagnosis of AGC between January 2005 and January 2011 at a tertiary community hospital were reviewed and correlated with concurrent or follow-up histopathology. Results Over a 6-year period 376 (0.23%) Pap tests were reported as AGC. Histopathology was available in 223 cases. Atypical hyperplasia, dysplasia, or malignant lesion was found in 128 (57.4%) cases. Of these, 80 (62.5%) were glandular lesions. In women younger than 48 years benign lesions (52.9%) were more common. Women who were 48 years and older were more likely to have a malignant glandular lesion (56 out of 73, 76.7%) compared with women under 48 years, who were more likely to have a malignant squamous lesion (31 out of 55, 56.4%).This difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.002). Malignant lesion was seen in 58 (26%) of the women. Endometrial carcinoma (30 cases) was the most common malignancy—51.7% of the malignant lesions and 13.4% overall. Chronic cervicitis and endometritis were the most common non-malignant findings. Conclusion AGC on Pap test may be the initial manifestation of a wide range of cervical pathologies. Because many AGC diagnoses did not have a histopathological follow-up, clinicans should be more diligent at having patients follow up, especially in peri- and post-menopausal women.
A prospective randomized controlled study of erythromycin on gastric and small intestinal distention: implications for MR enterography.

Objectives To assess if erythromycin increases gastric emptying and hence improves small intestinal distention during MR enterography.
Electronically-coupled MM quadruply-bonded complexes of molybdenum and tungsten.

The synthesis, molecular and electronic structures of covalently linked dinuclear units having MM quadruple bonds (M = Mo or W) are described together with their attendant spectroscopies. Particular attention is paid to compounds where M2δ to bridge π bonding generates strongly coupled M2 centers whose mixed valence ions formed upon one electron oxidation traverse the Class II/III border.
The U.S. Supreme Court's new federalism and its impact on antidiscrimination legislation

In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has developed a new federalism policy that has eviscerated the powers of the U.S. Congress in favor of states' rights. This article addresses the implications of the Supreme Court's new federalism policy for the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 as amended. It focuses on two recent High Court decisions, Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents and Garrett v. the University of Alabama, which greatly reduced the scope of both the ADA and the ADEA. In light of these decisions, alternative actions for enforcing antidiscrimination laws are provided.
Adaptive set-membership normalized least mean squares: An adaptive filter for the systems with bounded noise

A new set-membership filtering method, adaptive set-membership normalized least mean squares (ASM-NLMS), is presented that introduces a forgetting factor into the conventional set-membership normalized least mean squares (SM-NLMS) method. The proposed ASM-NLMS method is more effective in dealing with non-stationary systems compared to the SM-NLMS method. The performance of the proposed ASM-NLMS method and the conventional SM-NLMS method in reducing the effect of motion artifacts in the impedance signals measured on the arms are compared. It is shown that the proposed ASM-NLMS has better accuracy and less computational complexity compared to the conventional SM-NLMS.
NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE BLACK WITCH MOTH, EREBUS ODORA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND

On 27 August 1970, Mr. G. Mogridge, Kilbride, St. John's West, submitted a large (135 mm wingspan) living moth which he found on the sidewalk near the United Nail and Foundry Building, Hamilton Avenue, St. John's. The moth was identified as Erebus odora Linnaeus and was thought to be a first record for that species in Newfoundland. However, this was a second occurrence (see below).
Intercomparison of voltammetric techniques to determine the chemical speciation of dissolved copper in a coastal seawater sample

Abstract The chemical speciation of dissolved copper in a coastal seawater sample was determined using a variety of voltammetric methods by three different research groups. This intercomparison study was performed on a sample from near the mouth of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, chosen to be representative of coastal seawater from the East Coast of North America. Three research groups used distinct methods of competitive ligand equilibration/adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-ACSV) with different competing ligands (salicylaldoxime, benzoylacetone and 8-hydroxyquinoline), two of which employed a range of added ligand concentrations. Two groups used anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) with a thin mercury film (TMF) rotating glassy carbon disk electrode (RGCDE). Combining these various approaches, resulted in analytical competition strengths (αCu(AL)2) ranging from 102.7 to 106.5 for the CLE-ACSV approaches and 101.3 (αCu) for the ASV methods. As the value of the analytical competition strength for the added competing ligand increased, the value determined for the natural Cu-binding ligand concentration decreased, while its conditional stability constant, KCuLi,Cu2+cond, increased. This type of behavior is consistent with the natural Cu-binding ligands consisting of a continuum of Cu-binding ligands with increasingly smaller concentrations of increasingly stronger ligands. Results from the different approaches carried out at similar analytical competition strengths compared very favorably. All of the approaches determined that dissolved copper in this sample was overwhelmingly chelated with strong Cu-binding ligands (>99.97%). Thus, although the total dissolved copper concentration was 12.7 nM (10−7.9 M), the Cu-binding ligands lowered the free cupric ion concentration, [Cu2+], to ∼10−13.0 M, a concentration that is non-toxic to even the most sensitive marine microorganisms.
Effect of Blade Tip Geometry on Tip Flow and Heat Transfer for a Blade in a Low Speed Cascade

A comprehensive investigation of the effect of various tip sealing geometries is presented on the blade tip leakage flow and associated heat transfer of a scaled up HPT turbine blade in a low-speed wind tunnel facility. The linear cascade is made of four blades with the two corner blades acting as guides. The tip section of a HPT first stage rotor blade is used to fabricate the 2-D blade. The wind tunnel accommodates an 116° turn for the blade cascade. The mainstream Reynolds number based on the axial chord length at cascade exit is 4.83 × 105 . The upstream wake effect is simulated with a spoked wheel wake generator placed upstream of the cascade. A turbulence grid placed even farther upstream generates the required free-stream turbulence of 4.8%. The center blade has a tip clearance gap of 1.5625% with respect to the blade span. Static pressure measurements are obtained on the blade surface and the shroud. The effect of crosswise trip strips to reduce leakage flow and associated heat transfer is investigated with strips placed along the leakage flow direction, against the leakage flow and along the chord. Cylindrical pin fins and pitch variation of strips over the tip surface are also investigated. Detailed heat transfer measurements are obtained using a steady state HSI-based liquid crystal technique. The effect of periodic unsteady wake effect is also investigated by varying the wake Strouhal number from 0. to 0.2, and to 0.4. Results show that the trip strips placed against the leakage flow produce the lowest heat transfer on the tips compared to all the other cases with a reduction between 10–15% compared to the plain tip. Results also show that the pitch of the strips has a small effect on the overall reduction. Cylindrical pins fins and strips along the leakage flow direction do not decrease the heat transfer coefficients and in some cases enhance the heat transfer coefficients by as much as 20%.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The 'Birds And The Bees' Differ For Boys And Girls: Sex Differences In The Nature Of Sex Talks

The daughter-guarding hypothesis posits that “parents possess adaptations with design features that function to defend their daughter’s sexual reputation, preserve her mate value, and protect her from sexual victimization” (Perilloux, Fleischman, & Buss, 2008, p. 219). One way that parents may attempt to guard their daughters’ sexualities is by conveying to them certain messages about sex. To explore this possibility we administered an online questionnaire that tested 8 sex-linked predictions derived from the daughter-guarding hypothesis about the content of parent– child communications about sex. Participants were undergraduates from a Northeastern U.S. Jesuit Catholic university (n 226) and young adults recruited through Facebook (n 391). As predicted, daughters were more likely than sons to recall receiving messages from their parents that (a) emphasized being discriminating in allocating sexual access; (b) emphasized abstinence; (c) encouraged them to deter, inhibit, and defend against their partners’ sexual advances; (d) encouraged them to not emulate depictions of sexual activity; (e) stipulated when they were old enough to date; and (f) curtailed contact with the opposite sex. Results supported several hypothesized design features of the daughter-guarding hypothesis. Parents may be socializing children in ways that fostered ancestral reproductive success through sex-linked birds-and-the-bees talks and messages.
The Multiple Source Effect in Persuasion The Effects of Distraction

Holding constant information about the number of sources and number of arguments to which they might be exposed, subjects viewed one source presenting three different arguments, three sources presenting different versions of a single argument, or three sources presenting three different arguments (one each) in favor of a counterattitudinal position. For hayf of the subjects, this message was accompanied by a distraction task. In the single task conditions, replicating Harkins and Petty (1981), three-source/three-arguments subjects were more persuaded than subjects in the other two conditions, but when the message was accompanied by a distractor, this persuasive advantage disappeared. Since distraction also led to disruption of favorable thought production, but left recall unaffected, these data are consistent with the view that the enhanced persuasion found in the multiple-source/multiple-argument condition is the result of additional message elaboration elicited by the combination of different sources an...
Reading in Children with Orofacial Clefts versus Controls

Objective To examine reading and related skills in children with and without orofacial clefts. Methods Forty-two children with orofacial clefts were recruited from an urban craniofacial center. A demographically similar sample of 43 children without clefts was recruited using community advertisements and a research registry. Participants completed assessments of basic reading, phonological awareness, phonological memory, reading fluency, and rapid naming. Parents completed a semi-structured interview regarding educational and medical history. Results Children with clefts scored significantly lower than controls on measures of basic reading, phonological memory, and reading fluency. Conclusions This is one of the first studies of reading in children with orofacial clefts to include a control sample. The findings suggest that children with clefts are less adept readers than demographically matched peers without clefts, supporting the need to monitor academic achievement in this population.
Acceleration of the matrix multiplication of Radiance three phase daylighting simulations with parallel computing on heterogeneous hardware of personal computer

Building designers are increasingly relying on complex fenestration systems to reduce energy consumed for lighting and HVAC in low energy buildings. Radiance, a lighting simulation program, has been used to conduct daylighting simulations for complex fenestration systems. Depending on the configurations, the simulation can take hours or even days using a personal computer. This paper describes how to accelerate the matrix multiplication portion of a Radiance three-phase daylight simulation by conducting parallel computing on heterogeneous hardware of a personal computer. The algorithm was optimized and the computational part was implemented in parallel using OpenCL. The speed of new approach was evaluated using various daylighting simulation cases on a multicore central processing unit and a graphics processing unit. Based on the measurements and analysis of the time usage for the Radiance daylighting simulation, further speedups can be achieved by using fast I/O devices and storing the data in a binary format.
Toroid formation in charge neutralized flexible or semi-flexible biopolymers: potential pathway for assembly of DNA carriers.

Background The theoretical state diagram for semi-flexible macromolecules such as DNA predicts that a tightly wound toroid can be a stable structure. Experimentally, toroids roughly 100 nm in diameter are routinely observed for DNA in the presence of multivalent cations at low DNA concentration. Theory also predicts toroids can form between non-DNA semi-flexible polymers and multivalent counterions. This phenomenon provides a means to co-package DNA with functionalized anionic polymers to create gene delivery systems. Methods and results We show using electron microscopy that non-DNA polymers (polylysine, polyglutamic acid, and dextran sulfate) form toroids when mixed with multi- or polyvalent ions of opposite charge. The non-DNA toroids are similar in diameter to ones made with DNA. The results using dextran sulfate, a semi-flexible polymer, are explained by current theory. However, theory predicts that high flexibility in polypeptides should discourage their incorporation into stable toroids. To explain these latter observations we propose that charge neutralization facilitates secondary structure formation, which confers stiffness, thereby allowing stable toroids for the polypeptides studied. We measured the secondary structure of the toroid-forming polypeptides using circular dichroism (CD). The CD spectrum indicates the polypeptides undergo transitions from non-ordered structures (random coil) to ordered secondary structures (either α-helix or β-sheet) upon charge neutralization which supports the hypothesis. The type of secondary structure is dependent on the type of multivalent counterion used to form the toroids. Formation of the polypeptide toroids confers resistance to heat denaturation of the resulting polypeptide secondary structure. The CD spectrum of DNA in a toroid also is changed from that of uncomplexed DNA, but all of the counterions used to form DNA toroids created structures with similar CD spectra in the DNA region (250–290 nm). Conclusions The toroid structure obtained using DNA is observed in other semi-flexible non-DNA polymers such as dextran sulfate, and also in flexible polymers such as polylysine and polyglutamic acid upon charge neutralization with multivalent counterions. In the flexible polymers we propose that this phenomenon is due to induction of secondary structure upon charge neutralization, which decreases polymer flexibility, i.e. increases polymer stiffness, to enable toroid formation. These results have significant implications for the co-assembly of non-DNA anionic polymers with DNA to create nanoscopic gene carriers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta-analysis of surgical techniques for preventing parotidectomy sequelae.

Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of the literature on surgical methods for the prevention of Frey syndrome and concave facial deformity after parotidectomy. Methods A PubMed search through February 2008 identified more than 60 English-language studies involving surgical techniques for prevention of these parameters. Analyzed works included 15 retrospective or prospective controlled studies reporting quantitative data for all included participants for 1 or more of the measured parameters in patients who had undergone parotidectomy. Report quality was assessed by the strength of taxonomy recommendation (SORT) score. Data were directly extracted from reports and dichotomized into positive and negative outcomes. The statistical significance was then calculated. Results The mean SORT score for all studies was 2.34, and the mean SORT score for all the analyzed studies was 1.88. Meta-analysis for multiple techniques to prevent symptomatic Frey syndrome, positive starch-iodine test results, and contour deformity favored intervention with a cumulative odds ratio (OR) of 3.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.81-5.34); OR, 3.66 (95% CI; 2.32-5.77); and OR, 5.25 (95% CI, 3.57-7.72), respectively. Conclusion Meta-analysis of operative techniques to prevent symptomatic Frey syndrome, positive starch-iodine test results, and facial asymmetry suggests that such methods are likely to reduce the incidence of these complications after parotidectomy.
Movie character smoking and adolescent smoking: who matters more, good guys or bad guys?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between smoking onset and exposure to movie smoking according to character type. METHODS: A longitudinal, random-digit-dial telephone survey of 6522 US adolescents was performed with movie exposure assessed at 4 time points over 24 months. Adolescents were asked whether they had seen a random subsample of recently released movies, for which we identified smoking by major characters and type of portrayal (divided into negative, positive, and mixed/neutral categories). Multivariate hazard regression analysis was used to assess the independent effects of these exposures on the odds of trying smoking. RESULTS: By the 24-month follow-up survey, 15.9% of baseline never-smokers had tried smoking. Within the sample of movies, 3848 major characters were identified, of whom 69% were male. Smokers represented 22.8% of 518 negative characters, 13.7% of 2486 positive characters, and 21.1% of 844 mixed/neutral characters. Analysis of the crude relationship showed that episodes of negative character smoking exposure had the strongest influence on smoking initiation. However, because most characters were portrayed as positive, exposure to this category was greatest. When the full population effect of each exposure was modeled, each type of character smoking independently affected smoking onset. There was an interaction between negative character smoking and sensation-seeking with stronger response for adolescents lower in sensation-seeking. CONCLUSIONS: Character smoking predicts adolescent smoking initiation regardless of character type, which demonstrates the importance of limiting exposure to all movie smoking. Negative character portrayals of smoking have stronger impact on low risk-taking adolescents, undercutting the argument that greater exposure is a marker for adolescent risk-taking behavior.
Effects of music information load on a reading comprehension task.

27 male and 27 female high school students read a passage of literature in the presence of silence, low information-load, or high information-load music. Comprehension was best in the first music c...
Intraseasonal behavior of clouds, temperature, and motion in the tropics

The spectral character of tropical convection is investigated in an 11-yr record of outgoing longwave radiation from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) to identify interaction with the tropical circulation. Along the equator in the eastern hemisphere, the space-time spectrum of convection possesses a broad peak at wavenumbers 1-3 and eastward periods of 35-95 days. Significantly broader than the dynamical signal of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), this quasi-discrete convective signal is associatd with a large-scale anomaly that propagates across and modulates time mean or 'climatological convection' over the equatorial Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Outside that region the convective signal is small, even though, under amplified conditions, coherence can be found east of the date line and in the subtropics. Having a zonal scale of approximately wavenumber 2, anomalous convection propagates eastward at some 5 m/s and suppresses as well as reinforces climatological in the eastern hemisphere. The convective signal amplifies to a seasonal maximum near vernal equinox and, to a weaker degree, again near autumnal equinox, when climatological convection and warm sea surface temperature (SST) cross the equator. Contemporaneous records of motion from European Center for medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses and tropospheric-mean temperature from Microwave Sounding Unit reveal an anomalous component of the tropical circulation that coexists with the convective signal and embodies many of the established properties of the MJO. In the eastern hemisphere, subtropical Rossby gyres and zonal Kelvin structure along the equator flank the convective anomaly as it tracks eastward, giving the anomalous circulation to form of a 'forced response.' In the western hemisphere, the dynamical signal is composed chiefly of wavenumber-1 Kelvin structure, which as the form of a 'propagating response' that is excited in and radiates away from anomalous convection at some 10 m/s. Kelvin structure comprising the propagating response appears in 850-mb and 200-mb zonal winds even when the convective signal is absent, albeit with much smaller amplitude. In contrast, the signal in 1000-mb convergence appears only when accompanied by anomalous convection, which suggests that convergence in the boundary layer is instrumental in achieving strong interaction with the convective pattern.
Superplasticity in Ceramics

Superplasticity in metals has received a considerable amount of attention in recent years. However, the possibility that ceramic materials also may show anomalous deformational properties coincident with a phase transformation has been neglected. Examples will be given where ready deformation of ceramic bodies may occur with (1) simple allotropic phase transformation, (2) eutectic exsolution, (3) exsolution from solid solution, (4) exsolution by decomposition of mixed crystal systems, and (5) simple decomposition producing one or more solid-phase products and a gas phase; these will be related to the better known processes in metallic systems. It will be shown that the unifying feature of these phenomena in both metals and ceramics is achievement and retention of extremely fine crystal size during deformation.
Abstract 17672: Interaction of Global Coronary Vasomotor Dysfunction and Early Revascularization on Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes

Background: Coronary vasomotor dysfunction identifies patients at risk for cardiac death. We sought to determine the association between global coronary flow reserve (CFR, an integrated measure of coronary vasomotor function) and adverse cardiovascular events, in patients referred for coronary angiography with or without subsequent revascularization. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients (n=329) without prior coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), heart failure, or left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction referred for invasive coronary angiography after stress testing with myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography (PET) were followed (median 3.1 years) for cardiovascular death and heart failure admission. Extent and severity of coronary angiographic stenosis was estimated using the CAD prognostic index (CADPI) and CFR measured noninvasively by PET. A subset of patients (n=193) underwent early revascularization, defined as CABG and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 90 days after PET. After adjusting for clinical risk score, LV ejection fraction, LV ischemia, CADPI, and time-dependent early revascularization with CABG and/or PCI, CFR remained independently associated with events (hazard ratio for unit decrease in CFR, 2.02; 95% CI 1.20-3.40, p=0.008). In adjusted analysis, there was a significant interaction (p=0.04) between CFR and early revascularization by CABG, such that patients with impaired CFR who underwent CABG (n=39), but not PCI (n=154), experienced event rates comparable to those with preserved CFR, independently of revascularization. Conclusions: CFR associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes independently of angiographic severity, and modified the effect of early revascularization. Diffuse atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular death and heart failure, and impact upon the outcomes of revascularization.
Abstract B41: A mouse model for inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis

The link between chronic inflammation and cancer development has lately gained extensive epidemiological and experimental support, particularly in organs like liver, stomach, colon, and lung. Although experimental models are available to study inflammation-driven tumorigenesis in the liver, stomach, and colon, no such models are available for lung cancer. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to develop a model for inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis. A/J mice received four intraperitoneal injections (two doses/week) of the tobacco smoke carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) at a dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight. Beginning one week after the last dose of NNK, the mice were given weekly intranasal instillations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10ug/mouse), a potent inflammation-inducing agent, until the end of the study at week 27. Upon termination of the study, tumors on the surface of the lung were counted, their size determined and histopathologically analyzed. Moreover, we analyzed alterations in the expression of inflammation- and tumorigenesis-related proteins and microRNAs (miRs) by Western immunoblotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. Chronic exposure NNK-treated mice to LPS increased the number and size of lung tumors (47.3 ± 11 tumors/mouse for the NNK plus LPS group versus 28 ± 8 tumors/mouse in the NNK only group). Furthermore, lung tumors in the NNK plus LPS treated mice were significantly larger than the lung tumors of the mice challenged with NNK alone. Multiplicities of lung tumors in LPS-treated mice were similar to those mice given the vehicle. Multiplicities of the histopathological lesions pulmonary hyperplastic foci, adenoma, adenoma with dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in the NNK only group were 3.0 ± 1.2, 7.1 ± 2.9, 1.3 ± 1.1, and 0.3 ± 0.5/mouse, respectively. The corresponding frequencies of the lesions in the NNK plus LPS group were 3.1 ± 1.8, 11.8 ± 5.2, 3.9 ± 1.8, and 0.6 ± 0.7/mouse. Western immunoblotting studies showed that LPS exposure of NNK-treated mice enhanced activation of NF-kappaB, STAT3, and Akt but caused down-regulation of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN. Further, analyses of levels of five carcinogenesis-related microRNAs (miR-21, miR-146a, miR-150, miR-155 and miR-21, and miR-181b-1) showed increases in the expressions of miR-155 and miR-21. Levels of miR-155 and miR-21 were increased by 2.3-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively, in mice treated with NNK plus LPS group as compared to mice treated with NNK. Moreover, levels of miR-155 and miR-21 were increased by 10.5-fold and 4.7-fold, respectively, in LPS treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that LPS-induced chronic lung inflammation enhances lung tumorigenesis. This model could be a vey useful tool to understand the role inflammation in lung tumorigenesis and for identification of anti-inflammatory and lung cancer chemopreventive agents. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B41.
Tumor Immunity in Hamsters Infected with Adenovirus Type 12 or Simian Vims 40

SummaryThe oncogenicity of adenovirus type 12 and SV40 administered to hamsters when newborn could be inhibited or prevented by administration of large doses of the homologous virus at later dates. The protection achieved appeared to vary inversely with the concentration of virus in the initial infecting dose. The administration of greater initial infecting doses of virus resulted in fewer tumor-free animals in the treated groups. The size of the dose of virus used in treatment was a factor, and a large dose (1 ml) gave a little more protection than a 0.25 or 0.5 ml dose. The usual course of treatment was a total of 13 doses of virus administered at twice weekly intervals. Smaller numbers of doses used in treatment were sometimes effective. Treatment with virus heated to 50°C for an hour in the presence of magnesium chloride was not effective in preventing the induction of tumors.
Family of Cofacial Bimetallic Complexes of a Hexaanionic Carboxamide Cryptand

A series of coordination compounds has been prepared comprising manganese, iron, nickel, and zinc bound by a hexaanionic cryptand where carboxamides are anionic N-donors. The metal complexes have been investigated by X-ray crystallography, and possess metal centers in trigonal monopyramidal geometries with intermetallic distances spanning dMn,avg = 6.080 A to dNi,avg = 6.495 A. All complexes featuring trigonal monopyramidal metal(II) ions crystallize in Cc, and feature extended three-dimensional networks composed of cryptate anions linked by bridging potassium countercations. We also report the first solid state structure of the free cryptand ligand, which features no guest in its cavity and which possesses an extended hydrogen-bonding network. SQuID magnetometry data of the metal complexes reveal weak antiferromagnetic coupling of the metal centers. Only the diiron(II) complex exhibits reversible electrochemistry, and correspondingly, its chemical oxidation yields a powder formulated as the diiron(III) c...
The impact of John Henryism on self-reported health behaviors in African American men.

Purpose: African American men have poorer health and higher disease-related mortality as compared to non–African American men. John Henryism refers to the predisposition to engage in active high-effort coping with environmental stressors. Little is known about relationships between John Henryism and personal health behaviors in African American men. The study purposes were to examine predictive relationships among John Henryism, marital status, age, education years, and health insurance on health behaviors in African American men. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Method: The convenience sample included 60 African American men (mean age 54.8 + 10.13) recruited from a large urban area in the Midwestern United States. Findings: John Henryism significantly predicted self-reported health behaviors accounting for 12% of the multiple regression model variance. Discussion and Conclusions: Results suggest that John Henryism could have benefits for African American men’s engagement in health behaviors. Im...
A Computational Study on Tip Vortex Noise

Tip vortex noise is an important component of aircraft high-lift device noise. It is imperative to gain a better understanding of this problem before appropriate noise reduction technologies can be developed and implemented effectively. This paper reports results from our ongoing work on tip vortex simulations. The simulations are performed using a high-order accurate, multi-block, large eddy simulation (LES) code with overset grid capability. The main emphasis of the present simulations is to simulate the formation of a tip vortex around a wing with a blunt tip and its interaction with the wing surface. The blunt tip geometry actually gives rise to the formation of two vortices. The primary vortex forms over the upper surface of the wing, while the secondary vortex forms off of the side edge. These two vortices merge together to form the tip vortex. Comparisons of the simulation results with available experimental data are shown. Some of the observed differences between the LES and the experiment are believed to be due to the Reynolds number differences between them. The Reynolds number of the LES is lower than that in the experiment due to computational limitations. The higher Reynolds number of the experiment implies that the boundary layers in the experiment transition to turbulence faster. It was originally anticipated that the state of the boundary layers on the wing surface might have significant effects on the formation and properties of the primary and secondary vortex. Thus, to alleviate the Reynolds number difference and promote quicker transition to turbulence in the LES wing boundary layers, we have experimented with a new technique in which isotropic turbulence fluctuations are injected into the freestream flow approaching the wing. It is shown that without turbulence injection, natural transition to turbulence on the upper wing surface takes place relatively fast due to the fine wall resolution on the wing surface. Freestream turbulence injection moves the upper wing surface transition point even closer to the leading edge. On the other hand, without turbulence injection, the lower wing surface boundary layers remain laminar. With turbulence injection, there is a dramatic change in the state of the lower wing surface boundary layers. It was initially thought that the significantly different state of the lower wing surface boundary layers in the second simulation would have an important effect on the secondary vortex forming off of the tip side edge. However, the comparisons made between the two simulations show that the two sets of results are not much different. These observations lead us to conclude that for the blunt tip geometry, the state of the lower wing surface boundary layers do not have much effect on the secondary vortex forming off of the tip side edge.
Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking System

Design and development of energy efficient vehicles is of paramount importance to the automobile industry. Energy efficiency can be enhanced through recovery of the kinetic energy lost in the form of waste heat during braking. The kinetic energy could be converted into a reusable energy source and aid in acceleration, hence the braking system would contribute to improving the overall efficiency of a vehicle. Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking (HPRB) systems are a hybrid drive system that works in tandem with a vehicle’s engine and drivetrain to improve efficiency and fuel-economy. A HPRB system functions by recovering the energy typically lost to heat during vehicle braking, and storing this energy as a reusable source that can propel a vehicle from a stop. The major advantages of a HPRB system are that a vehicle would not require its engine to run during braking to stop, nor would the engine be required to accelerate the vehicle initially from a stop. The benefit realized by this system is an increase in fuel-efficiency, reduced vehicle emissions, and overall financial savings. An HPRB system aids in slowing a vehicle by creating a drag on the driveline as it recovers and stores energy during braking. Therefore, HPRB system operation reduces wear by minimizing the amount of work performed by the brake pads and rotors.An experimental investigation of Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking (HPRB) system was conducted to measure the system’s overall efficiency and available power output. The HPRB in this study is a 1/10th lab-scale model of a light-duty four wheel vehicle. The design/size was based on a 3500 lbs light-duty four wheel vehicle with an estimated passenger weight of 500 lbs. It was assumed that the vehicle can accelerate from 0–15 mph in 2 seconds. The aim of this work is to examine the effect of heat losses due to irreversibility on energy recovery. The experimental facility consisted of a hydraulic pump, two hydraulic-pneumatic accumulators, solenoid and relief valves, and data acquisition system. The HPRB system did not include any driveline components necessary to attach this system onto a vehicle’s chassis rather an electric motor was used to drive the pump and simulate the power input to the system from a spinning drive shaft.Pressure transducers, Hall effects sensor, and thermocouples were installed at suction and discharge sections of the hydraulic and pneumatic components to measure hydrodynamic and thermos-physical properties. The measured data were used to determine the system’s energy recovery and power delivery efficiency. Results showed that the HPRB system is capable of recovering 47% of the energy input to the system during charging, and 64% efficient in power output during discharging with an input and output of 0.33 and 0.21 horsepower respectively. Inefficiencies during operation were attributed to heat generation from the gear pump but especially due to the piston accumulator, where heat loss attributed to a 12% reduction in energy potential alone.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Developmental care of low birth weight infants

Nurses are the key to the implementation of developmentally focused care for LBW infants. There seems to be a sufficient research base to support reduced lighting in the hospital setting and consideration of cycled lighting. Face-to-face visual stimulation would seem sufficient for infants less than 40 weeks old until further research is done. In regard to sound, it seems clear that failure to reduce noise created by personnel, faculty equipment, radios, and so on represents negligence. Talking to infants who are in states other than sleep is to be encouraged, and planned interventions such as taped music and vocal selections need continued exploration. There seems to be a sufficient research base to support handling and caretaking that considers the state of the infant and aims to disrupt sleep as little as possible. Similarly, there appears to be ample support for placing infants in ways that promote a balance of flexion and extension or in the prone position whenever possible. NNS should be used during feeding and to reduce stress. Attention to reducing pain should be as much a part of the care of LBW infants as it is for adults. The potential negative effects of drugs on the developing brain must be considered and studied. Finally, the family, including siblings, should be encouraged to participate in the infant's plan of care as much as possible and prepared for discharge well in advance of the actual date. A note of caution should be entertained for stimulation programs not based on sufficient research. It is possible, perhaps even probable, that excessive sensory input at critical times can do harm. Interventions may be recommended with great enthusiasm but without research support. Thus, until the relative merits and possible adverse effects of various interventions are known, they should be approached with caution. Perhaps remembering that the first consideration in giving care is to "Do not harm" should facilitate our care of LBW infants.
Free-Standing, Nanopatterned Janus Membranes of Conducting Polymer-Virus Nanoparticle Arrays.

Nanostructured mesoscale materials find wide-ranging applications in medicine and energy. Top-down manufacturing schemes are limited by the smallest dimension accessible; therefore, we set out to study a bottom-up approach mimicking biological systems, which self-assemble into systems that orchestrate complex energy conversion functionalities. Inspired by nature, we turned toward protein-based nanoparticle structures formed by plant viruses, specifically the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). We report the formation of hierarchical CPMV nanoparticle assemblies on colloidal-patterned, conducting polymer arrays using a protocol combining colloidal lithography, electrochemical polymerization, and electrostatic adsorption. In this approach, a hexagonally close-packed array of polystyrene microspheres was assembled on a conductive electrode to function as the sacrificial colloidal template. A thin layer of conducting polypyrrole material was electrodeposited within the interstices of the colloidal microspheres and mo...
Planar GaAs PIN photodiode with pico-second time response

The development of optical signal processing and optical communication systems has created the need for ultrafast photodetectors to achieve high data rates. Very fast response times have been achieved with GaAs Schottky photodiodes.1 Here we report the development and characterization of a high speed planar GaAs PIN photodiode which exhibits an impulse response of 19-psec FWHM to 4-psec pulses from a near-IR laser. Because of its design characteristics, the photodiode is ideally suited for fiber-optic coupling of the light directly into the intrinsic layer. Since the device has planar contacts it can easily be integrated in optoelectronic circuits.
The Sole Trader and the Partnership

Business undertakings fall into two distinct classes, those which are privately owned and those which are owned or controlled by the State or a local authority. The use of the word ‘public’ is sometimes confusing to the student as we refer to public companies (which are privately owned organisations), and public enterprises (which are State owned and/or controlled and financed by taxpayers’ money).
Charitable Giving as a Luxury Good and the Philanthropic Sphere of Influence

Using regression analysis, 41 years of charitable giving and income data was evaluated to determine if charitable giving is a luxury, normal, or inferior good, and to determine the income elasticity for separate nonprofit sectors. Total Giving to the nonprofit subsector as well as most nonprofit sectors (Religion, Education, Human Services, and Environment) is a normal good, while Arts and International giving are likely luxury goods. However, evidence suggests that Health and Public Benefit are likely inferior goods. This research makes three contributions. First, it offers quantitative data as evidence in the supply-side and demand-side debates. Second, owing to income elasticities, researchers propose the Philanthropic Sphere of Influence and postulate that as incomes rise, donors are more likely to give to causes from which they are less likely to personally benefit. Third, by evaluating charitable giving as a whole and then by each subsector, the research demonstrates that each nonprofit subsector responds uniquely to changes in income. Therefore, nonprofit sectors should be evaluated separately.
A practical guide to studying G-quadruplex structures using single-molecule FRET

In this article, we summarize the knowledge and best practices learned from bulk and single-molecule measurements to address some of the frequently experienced difficulties in single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) measurements on G-quadruplex (GQ) structures. The number of studies that use smFRET to investigate the structure, function, dynamics, and interactions of GQ structures has grown significantly in the last few years, with new applications already in sight. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome before reliable and reproducible smFRET data can be obtained in measurements that include GQ. The annealing and storage conditions, the location of fluorophores on the DNA construct, and the ionic conditions of the experiment are some of the factors that are of critical importance for the outcome of measurements, and many of these manifest themselves in unique ways in smFRET assays. By reviewing these aspects and providing a summary of best practices, we aim to provide a practical guide that will help in successfully designing and performing smFRET studies on GQ structures.
The Execution of Wallace Wilkerson: Precedent and Portent

Wallace Wilkerson was executed by a Utah firing squad in 1879 after the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of his sentence. Shots from the marksmen’s rifles missed his heart. Not str...
Targeted α-Particle Radiation Therapy of HER1-Positive Disseminated Intraperitoneal Disease: An Investigation of the Human Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody, Panitumumab.

Abstract Identifying molecular targets and an appropriate targeting vehicle, i.e., monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and their various forms, for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) remains an active area of research. Panitumumab, a fully human and less immunogenic mAb that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (Erb1; HER1), was evaluated for targeted α-particle radiation therapy using 212 Pb, an in vivo α generator. A single dose of 212 Pb-panitumumab administered to athymic mice bearing LS-174T intraperitoneal (i.p.) tumor xenografts was found to have greater therapeutic efficacy when directly compared with 212 Pb-trastuzumab, which binds to HER2. A dose escalation study determined a maximum effective working dose of 212 Pb-panitumumab to be 20 μCi with a median survival of 35 days versus 25 days for the untreated controls. Pretreatment of tumor-bearing mice with paclitaxel and gemcitabine 24 hours prior to injection of 212 Pb-pantiumumab at 10 or 20 μCi resulted in the greatest enhanced therapeutic response at the higher dose with median survivals of 106 versus 192 days, respectively. The greatest therapeutic impact, however, was observed in the animals that were treated with topotecan 24 hours prior to RIT and then again 24 hours after RIT; the best response from this combination was also obtained with the lower 10-μCi dose of 212 Pb-panitumumab (median survival >280 days). In summary, 212 Pb-panitumumab is an excellent candidate for the treatment of HER1-positive disseminated i.p. disease. Furthermore, the potentiation of the therapeutic impact of 212 Pb-pantiumumab by chemotherapeutics confirms and validates the importance of developing a multimodal therapy regimen.