cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Living with chronic illness: a phenomenological study of the health effects of the patient-provider relationship.

Purpose: To understand the patient–healthcare provider (HCP) relationship from the lived experience of women with chronic disease and determine how this relationship affects women’s health. Data sources: Narrative accounts of 25 women’s relationships with HCPs in repeated group and individual interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Interpretive phenomenology was used to explore the data using three interconnected modes of paradigm cases, exemplars, and themes. Conclusions: Women with chronic disease believed their health was significantly affected by their relationships with HCPs. They experienced a greater sense of well-being and security in connected relationships and had more confidence and motivation to manage their illness. Implications for practice: This research suggests that for women with chronic disease, relationships with HCPs that are connected, and characterized by partnership, and personableness result in the women feeling better in many dimensions. The context of today’s healthcare system often pushes the nurse practitioner (NP) to provide care more attuned to medical issues, leaving little time for the development of connected relationships. In spite of this pressure, NPs need to strive to develop relationships with patients that are intersubjective/connected.
The relative efficacy of buspirone, imipramine and placebo in panic disorder: a preliminary report.

There is a need for safe effectibe alternatives to benzodiazepines in the treatment ofpanic disorder. Buspirone, a new nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic, is compared to imipramine and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder in an 8 week double-blind controlled study of 52 randomly assigned patients. Weekly assessments were made using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Sheehan Clinician Rated Anxiety Scale, the Sheehan Patient Rated Anxiety Scale, the Phobia Scale, the Disability Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Montgomery Asberg Depression Scale, the Investigator Rated Global Improvement Scale and the Patient Rated Global Improvement Scale. Preliminary results of repeated measures Anovas are reported. Imipramine was superior to placebo on many of the outcome measures. Imipramine was superior to buspirone on the Patient Rated Global Improvement Scale and on the Investigator Rated Global Improvement Scale, but not on other measures. Although buspirone appeared to be more effective than placebo, differences were not statistically significant. Some buspirone patients did very well compared to others, suggesting a possible bimodal distribution of response. Patients on buspirone had fewer and less disruptive side effects than those on imipramine.
Exponential attractors of reaction-diffusion systems in an unbounded domain

We consider reaction-diffusion systems in unbounded domains, prove the existence of expotential attractors for such systems, and estimate their fractal dimension. The essential difference with the case of a bounded domain studied before is the continuity of the spectrum of the linear part of the equations. This difficulty is overcome by systematic use of weighted Sobolev spaces.
Investigating string stability of a time-history control law for Interval Management

Interval Management (IM) is a concept being developed as a part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR). The objective of Interval Management is to achieve a more precise spacing interval between an IM aircraft and an assigned target aircraft. Speed commands, calculated by avionics onboard the IM aircraft using state information from the target aircraft received by ADS-B, are implemented by the IM aircraft in order to achieve a desired spacing interval relative to its target aircraft. In some IM operations, it is expected that a string of IM aircraft will be formed, where each aircraft is spacing relative to its immediately preceding aircraft. In the design of a speed control law that calculates speed commands for the IM aircraft, one must not only examine the performance and stability of one aircraft relative to another, but also the performance and stability of the entire string. String behavior fundamentally affects the potential operational practicality of successfully implementing Interval Management in certain environments. This paper presents a simplified, closed-form string stability analysis for a time-history speed control law, which has been proposed for Interval Management. Simulation results are shown to validate the closed-form analysis and are used to evaluate string behavior and system performance for an approach-spacing operation.
Substrate Pretreatment can Reduce the Alcohol Requirement During Biodiesel Production Via in Situ Transesterification

The ability of physical pretreatment of the feedstock to reduce the alcohol requirement for high yield fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production during the in situ transesterification of soybeans was investigated. Four physical treatments were studied: (a) dehulling and flaking, (b) dehulling, flaking and passage through a twin screw extruder, (c) passage through an expander type extruder, or (d) conversion to a flour-like consistency (1–10 μm particles) via disruption in a Pulsewave disintegrator. Following drying, optimal reaction conditions for high yield, room temperature, in situ transesterification of the lipid-linked fatty acids resident in these materials were determined. Expander and Pulsewave pretreatment did not substantially reduce the amount of methanol required for high level FAME production below that required for flaked soybeans. However, the combination of flaking, extrusion and drying achieved a minimum nearly threefold reduction in the methanol requirement compared with that for soybeans that had been only flaked and dried. The flaking/extrusion/drying regime resulted in a minimum optimal molar ratio for (methanol/substrate fatty acid) of 9:1 for effective in situ transesterification. This is a 20-fold reduction in methanol usage compared to the previously reported ratio of 181:1 for the use of flaked-only soybeans. (Haas et al. in J Am Oil Chem Soc 81:83–89, 2004).
HYDROPHOBIC MUTATIONS ALTER THE MOVEMENT OF MG2+ IN THE PORE OF VOLTAGE-GATED POTASSIUM CHANNELS

The permeation pathways of the voltage-gated K+ channels Kv3.1 and ShakerB delta 6–46 (ShB delta) were studied using Mg2+ block. Internal Mg2+ blocked both channels in a voltage-dependent manner, and block was partially relieved by external K+, consistent with Mg2+ binding within the pore. The kinetics of Mg2+ block was much faster for Kv3.1 than for ShB delta. Fast block of Kv3.1 was transferred to ShB delta with transplantation of the P-region, but not of S6. The difference in the P-region, causing the change in Mg2+ binding kinetics, was attributed to ShB delta (V443) and its analog Kv3.1(L401), because in both channels leucine at this position gave fast block, whereas valine gave slow block. For Kv3.1 the major determinant of the voltage dependence of Mg2+ binding resided primarily in the off rate, whereas for Kv3.1(L401V) the voltage dependence resided primarily in the on rate, consistent with a change in the rate-limiting barrier for Mg2+ binding. Our data suggest that hydrophobic residues at positions 401 of Kv3.1 and 443 of ShB delta act as barriers to the movement of Mg2+ in the pore.
Visual activity and its association with myopia stabilisation.

Purpose To evaluate the association between outdoor and nearwork activities at baseline and myopia stabilisation by age 15 in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET). Methods Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial enrolled 469 children (ages: 6–11 years) with spherical equivalent myopia between −1.25 and −4.50 D, who were randomised to progressive addition or single vision lenses and followed for 5 years in their original lenses. At baseline, families recorded the child's outdoor and nearwork activities for 3 days within a week. Weekly hours spent in nearwork and outdoor activities were calculated for each participant. Refractions collected over 11 years were fit using the Gompertz function to determine each participant's myopia stabilisation age. Myopia for each child was then categorized as stable/not stable by age 15. Results Half (233/469) of participants had usable baseline activity diaries and refraction data that could be fit with the Gompertz function, 59.7% (139/233) had stable myopia by age 15 and 40.3% had myopia that was not yet stable. The frequency of stable myopia was similar for the two categories (median split) of outdoor activities: 60% (71/118) for ≤9.0 hours/week−1 and 59% (68/115) for >9.0 hours/week−1. 56% (64/114) of children reporting >21.0 h of baseline weekly nearwork activity had stable myopia by age 15 compared to 63% (75/119) with ≤21.0 h of near work (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.43–1.29). Using baseline nearwork as a continuous variable, the multivariable odds ratio for the association between baseline nearwork hours and stabilisation by age 15 is 0.98: 95% CI: 0.96–1.00, a result trending towards significance. Conclusion While time spent in outdoor activities in childhood does not appear to be related to myopia stabilisation by age 15, less near work activity might potentially be associated with myopia stabilisation by that age.
A brief note on pasturization

Dans cet article, l'A fait part de ses reflexions concernant la collection Remaking Modernity, qui traite de la sociologie historique, et revient sur la progression de cette discipline au cours du 20eme siecle
Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity

Virus-based vectors are widely used in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy, and have the ability to integrate permanently into genomic DNA, thus driving long-term expression of corrective genes in all hematopoietic lineages. To date, HSC gene therapy has been successfully employed in the clinic for improving clinical outcomes in small numbers of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID), adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), thalassemia, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). However, adverse events were observed during some of these HSC gene therapy clinical trials, linked to insertional activation of proto-oncogenes by integrated proviral vectors leading to clonal expansion and eventual development of leukemia. Numerous studies have been performed to understand the molecular basis of vector-mediated genotoxicity, with the aim of developing safer vectors and lower-risk gene therapy protocols. This review will summarize current information on the mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to integrating gene transfer vectors, discuss the available assays for predicting genotoxicity and mapping vector integration sites, and introduce newly-developed approaches for minimizing genotoxicity as a way to further move HSC gene therapy forward into broader clinical application.
Zinc Enhances Ethanol Modulation of the α1 Glycine Receptor

Glycine receptor function mediates most inhibitory neurotransmission in the brainstem and spinal cord and is enhanced by alcohols, volatile anesthetics, inhaled drugs of abuse, and endogenous compounds including zinc. Because zinc exists ubiquitously throughout the brain, investigations of its effects on the enhancement of GlyR function by alcohols and anesthetics are important to understanding the effects of these agents in vivo. In the present study, the effects of zinc plus ethanol, pentanol, or isoflurane were tested on homomeric α1 glycine receptors to determine if concurrent applications of physiological concentrations of zinc with each of these modulators changed the magnitude of their effects. Homomeric α1 glycine receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique was used to measure glycine-mediated currents in the presence of combinations of zinc with ethanol, pentanol or isoflurane. The combined effects of zinc plus ethanol were greater than the sum of the effects produced by either compound alone. However, this was not seen when zinc was combined with either pentanol or isoflurane. Chelation of zinc by tricine decreased the effects of sub-maximal, but not maximal, concentrations of glycine, and diminished the magnitude of ethanol enhancement observed. These findings suggest a zinc/ethanol interaction at the α1 GlyR that results in the enhancement of the effects of ethanol action on GlyR function.
Membrane Trafficking: Licensing a Cargo Receptor for ER Export

Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum prevents packaging of immature and misfolded proteins into vesicles, but the actual mechanisms involved in this process have not been defined for most cargos. A recent study demonstrates that the engagement of mature cargo with its receptor triggers the recruitment of a vesicle cargo adaptor.
Echocardiography in determining nonresectability of carcinoma of the lung. A brief report.

Numerous techniques are currently employed to determine resectability of lung cancer to spare patients an unnecessary thoracotomy. Echocardiography may be used to demonstrate invasion of hilar lesions into the heart. We report a case in which echocardiography demonstrated nonresectability of a lung cancer which was confirmed via a Chamberlain procedure. (Chest 1988; 94:1306-07)
Hyper expression ofBacillusstearothermophilus α-amylase gene inBacillussubtilis

Utilizing plasmids pUB110, pBR322 and pRG71, we have constructed a number of vectors which could be utilized for expression of cloned genes both in gram positive and gram negative bacteria. This report discusses the hyperexpression of α-amylase gene ofB.stearothermophilus BR135 using these vectors.
Reduced order modeling of a two-dimensional flow with moving shocks

Abstract The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the ability of proper orthogonal decomposition, in combination with domain decomposition, to produce accurate reduced order models (ROMs) for two-dimensional high-speed flows with moving shock waves. To demonstrate this ability, a blunt body flow with quasi-steady shock motion is considered. The blunt body flow contains a strong bow shock that is moved via a change in inlet Mach number and angle of attack. Accuracy is quantified by comparing surface pressures obtained from the ROMs with those from the full order simulation under the same free stream conditions. The order reduction, and computational performance of the ROM is also quantified relative to the full order simulation. The robustness of the ROM to varying flow parameters is explored. A non-Galerkin quasi-implicit steady state implementation is considered.
In vivo effect of CoA and other factors on lipide phosphorylation.

Summary1. The in vivo effects of CoA, ATP, AMP, CMP and oxalacetate on lipide phosphorylation in the liver of rats have been investigated in choline deficient rats. 2. A single dose of coenzyme A stimulates phospholipide synthesis in choline and in pantothenic deficient animals; oxalacetate stimulates in choline deficient animals. 3. Administration of a single dose of a mixture of CoA, AMP, oxalacetate and choline stimulates lipide phosphorylation in both mitochondria and nuclei greater than choline or saline alone. The greatest stimulation occurred in the lecithin fraction. 4. Cytidine monophosphate stimulates lipide phosphorylation. There is further stimulation when CMP is administered with AMP, oxalacetate and choline.
Mars Observer mission and systems overview

The objective of the Mars Observer mission is the scientific investigation of the planet's surface, atmosphere, and gravitational and magnetic fields. The Mars Observer spacecraft provides a three-axis-stabilized platform for the payload system. This spacecraft is the first in a planned series of planetary orbiters that use Earthorbiting design heritage adapted to planetary exploration mission objectives. The operation of the payload instruments is based on a new distributed concept, providing home-based commanding capabilities for the science investigators. The spacecraft will be launched during the September/October opportunity of 1992 and will travel approximately 11 months to Mars. During a two-year mapping period, the spacecraft will be placed in a nearly circular, low-altitude, Sun-synchronous orbit with a repeat cycle of 7 Martian days. At the end of the mission, the spacecraft will relay scientific information from scientific equipment, placed on the Martian surface, as part of a joint American, Soviet, and French experiment.
Harpellales in Newfoundland aquatic insect larvae

Among nine Harpellales (Trichomycetes) reported from aquatic insect larvae collected in New- foundland, Canada, four new species are described: Harpellomyces abruptus [living in Thaumalea verralli (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)], Orphella avalonensis [in Leuctra ferruginea (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) ], Stachy- lina litoralis [in Telmatogeton japonicus (Diptera: Chi- ronomidae)], and an unnamed species of Smittium (in Chironomidae) from which an axenic culture was obtained. Other Harpellales were from Simuliidae (Harpella melusinae, Pennella simulii, Simuliomyces microsporus), Chironomidae (Stachylina robusta), and an unnamed new genus in caddis fly larvae (Trichop- tera). Low vagility of Plecoptera and the occurrence of different species of Orphella in the USA and Eu- rope suggest that the genus existed before the North Atlantic formed a barrier as the continents separated. It is hypothesized that vicariant speciation may have occurred in Orphella as well as in Harpellomyces from Thaumaleidae larvae
Punctuated equilibrium: the view from the elephant

Novelists and playwrights have often remarked that their characters and plots sometimes move in directions not always intended by their ostensible creators. So, in analogous fashion, has this issue. The final product, we must confess, is not quite what we had originally visualized. It is, we think, more interesting; it is probably better; but it is admittedly somewhat different. We accomplished both more and, as we will soon note, a bit less than we had intended. This issue is designed to accomplish three objectives or, more precisely, three sets of objectives: first, we want to trace the history, and to identify the key theoretical components, of the evolutionary doctrine currently called punctuated equilibrium (or ‘punctuationism’).t What are its basic tenets? From what sources did it draw? In short, what are its specific claims? Our second objective is to assess the current status of punctuated equilibrium among evolutionary theorists. Which punctuationist concepts have earned general acceptance? Which have been rejected? Which have been modified? Which are still being controverted? Third, we seek to weigh the scientific implications of punctuated equilibrium. This undertaking has two aspects: Most immediately and obviously, what are its implications for biology (i.e., evolutionary theory)? The Eldredge & Gould (1972) paper unleashed a controversy which still roils the scientific journals and which has divided evolutionary theorists into often angrily contesting camps. It seems only sensible, after a decade and a half, to attempt an assessment of its implications for the neo-Darwinian synthesis. We are also interested, however, in its implications for the social sciences. Over the past twenty some years, more and more social scientists have turned to biological theory (and to biologically-derived research techniques) to help them better understand and explain the phenomena with which they are concerned. As a result, biologically-oriented ‘sub-fields’ have emerged in sociology, economics, political science, archaeology (and, most recently, even law); there has long been, of course, a strong ‘biological’ component
Adoptive transfer of cells sensitized in vitro into mice in a skin allograft assay

Abstract In these experiments we investigated the ability of adoptively transferred in vitro -sensitized cells to cause an accelerated rejection of skin allografts. The survival of B10.BR or B10.D2 skin grafts on B6AF1 mice was measured. It was determined that 5 × 10 7 in vitro -sensitized cells were required for a consistent accelerated skin allograft rejection. Attempts to optimize sensitization using syngeneic mouse serum were unsuccessful. In vitro -sensitized lymphocytes were specific in their activity toward skin allografts, but were nonspecific in their lysis of tumor targets. Inadvertant transfer of alloantigen with in vitro -sensitized cells was not responsible for accelerated graft rejection. This work demonstrates that cells sensitized in vitro can cause specific accelerated skin allograft rejection in normal mice.
Engineering monoclonal antibodies.

Efforts to alter the mAb component of pharmaceuticals have focused on making them more human-lIke and smaller. Ultimately, the smallest molecular recognition unit derived from antibodies may be a single complementarity region.
Energy-efficient H.264 video decoding on VLIW embedded processors

The energy consumption profiling of the H.264 video decoder on VLIW embedded processors using the Trimaran simulator is conducted. Based on this study, we observe that the branch operations in the quarter-pixel (QP) interpolation and the DCT slow down the issue rate of the VLIW processors. Then, several new instruction architecture sets are proposed to address this issue. These new instructions can be used to speedup the issue rate, and reduce the total energy consumption. Finally, experimental results of the proposed instruction-level power-efficient strategies on the TI C6416 processor are reported and discussed.
Insecticide resistance patterns among colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae), populations in north carolina

A residual bioassay was used to determine insecticide susceptibility in populations of Colarado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in eastern North Carolina. Mean bioassay mortalities were subjected to correlation analysis to assess patterns of resistance among tested insecticides. Within insecticide classes, cross-resistance patterns were observed between carbaryl and carbofuran (carbamates), fenvalerate and permethrin (pyrethroids), and among azinphosmethyl, methamidophos, and phosmet (organophosphates). Significant associations between insecticides from different insecticide classes were concluded to be due to multiple resistance. Knowledge of multiple and cross-resistance patterns are discussed in relation to the bioassay as a tool for monitoring insecticide resistance.
Initial results in the detection and estimation of forced oscillations in power systems

With the phasor measurement unit (PMU) networks that have been developed to improve utilities' wide-area situational awareness, it is now possible to obtain high-fidelity observations of forced oscillations (FOs). Due to the large variation in their amplitudes, reliable methods for detecting forced oscillations and estimating their parameters are needed. In this paper, an algorithm designed for the detection and estimation of sinusoids in white Gaussian noise is modified for the colored noise environment of power systems. A novel time-localization algorithm based on the cross-correlation estimator is proposed to estimate the start and end points of a forced oscillation, and an estimator for the forced oscillation's amplitude dependent on these location estimates is developed. Using a simple model, the algorithms are shown to be capable of detecting a forced oscillation, estimating its frequency, locating it within the data, and estimating its amplitude.
Flavinylation and assembly of succinate dehydrogenase are dependent on the C-terminal tail of the flavoprotein subunit.

The enzymatic function of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is dependent on covalent attachment of FAD on the ∼70-kDa flavoprotein subunit Sdh1. We show presently that flavinylation of the Sdh1 subunit of succinate dehydrogenase is dependent on a set of two spatially close C-terminal arginine residues that are distant from the FAD binding site. Mutation of Arg582 in yeast Sdh1 precludes flavinylation as well as assembly of the tetrameric enzyme complex. Mutation of Arg638 compromises SDH function only when present in combination with a Cys630 substitution. Mutations of either Arg582 or Arg638/Cys630 do not markedly destabilize the Sdh1 polypeptide; however, the steady-state level of Sdh5 is markedly attenuated in the Sdh1 mutant cells. With each mutant Sdh1, second-site Sdh1 suppressor mutations were recovered in Sdh1 permitting flavinylation, stabilization of Sdh5 and SDH tetramer assembly. SDH assembly appears to require FAD binding but not necessarily covalent FAD attachment. The Arg residues may be important not only for Sdh5 association but also in the recruitment and/or guidance of FAD and or succinate to the substrate site for the flavinylation reaction. The impaired assembly of SDH with the C-terminal Sdh1 mutants suggests that FAD binding is important to stabilize the Sdh1 conformation enabling association with Sdh2 and the membrane anchor subunits.
Sex on the Brain

Release of testosterone during early development is necessary for masculinization of brain structures in rodents. Wu et al. (2009) now elucidate the neuronal changes caused by aromatase-mediated conversion of testosterone into estrogen in perinatal mice and the ensuing effects on adult behavior.
Serum Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone Levels Following Orchiectomy in the Adult Rat

Serum concentration of testosterone (T) in 24 normal adult male rats, expressed as mean ± SD, was 5.5 ± 2.7 ng/ml. In the same animals mean dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was 0.35 ± 0.18 ng/ml. Within 5 min after orchiectomy, serum T concentration had decreased to 55.5% of the initial "control" value. Within 2 hr after orchiectomy serum T was undetectable (less than 0.06 ng/ml) in 4 of 6 animals. Twenty—four hr after orchiectomy, serum T was undetectable in 7 of 8 animals. Serum DHT concentrations decreased similarly after orchiectomy. (Endocrinology 92: 1579, 1973)
Does Hair Impose a Significant Effect on the Propagation of Terahertz Radiation in Human Skin

Thus far studies reported on the interactions of terahertz radiation and skin have centered on the dermal layers. However, we determined that there is a need to account for the effects from hair structures.
Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on hepatic function in the duck

Abstract 1. The indocyanine green dye clearance test for hepatic function was determined in mallard ducks before and during the chronic ingestion (7 months) of representative paraffinic or aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons (PH). 2. No mortality or visible symptoms of toxicity occured in any of the tests. Ingestion of 4000 ppm aromatic PH produced significant increases in liver (25%), plasma clearance of indocyanine green (33%) and hepatic blood flow (30%). 3. Although the aromatics elicited a greater hepatic stress response than the paraffins, the ducks tolerated high concentrations of PH for extended periods.
Modeling of transient and static components of intrinsic emission from VLSI circuits

This work presents a study of the effect of electrical parameters, such as signal frequency and switching activity, on the intensity of transient and static emission components in time-integrated emission images acquired from VLSI circuits. Time-integrated and time-resolved emission data were acquired from a 32 nm SOI test chip at different operating conditions to weight and separate the transient and static components of circuit spontaneous emission. A novel model to explain the experimental data is also proposed.
A spatial equilibrium analysis of Southern Pine lumber pricing and allocation

The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum allocation and pricing pattern of Southern Pine lumber as well as to evaluate the current and future demand-supply situation. With regard to the latter, spatial equilibrium of the Southern Pine lumber market is analyzed, and a comparative statics approach involving two equilibrium points is employed. The year 1981 is chosen as the initial point in time. The future date of 1984 is selected to be used for comparative statics analysis. A spatial solution—the optimal allocation and pricing pattern—will be obtained by using the Takayama-Judge and the Liew-Shim quadratic spatial equilibrium models. In estimating regional demand and supply functions, which are critical for the analysis, the two-stage least-squares estimation method will be used, based on apooled sample of cross section and time series for the period 1971–1981. As a result of comparing the optimum 1984 solution with the 1981 solution, it is expected that some of the areas under study can experience a tight supply of Southern Pine lumber, and consequently, lumber production-consumption balances will result in deficit production.
A Strategy for Increasing Postrape Medical Care and Forensic Examination: Marketing Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners to the College Population

Despite the physical and emotional damage of sexual assault, most raped women do not receive postassault medical care. This article describes a social marketing strategy to sell sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) services available on a college campus directly to matriculated students (potential victims and allies). Significant results found in postcampaign surveys were that the majority of students saw posters and generally retained the information in them, students exposed to more sources of information had more accurate knowledge of services, and students' recommendations concerning SANE usage reflected their exposure to information and their perception of assault risk. The article concludes with policy recommendations.
Multivariate discriminant analysis of dental data bearing on early hominid affinities

Abstract The dimensions of hominoid dentitions are compared by multiple discriminant analysis. By this technique the fossil taxa are compared with living pongids and modern man in a multivariate framework. This enables the classification of the fossils to be made consistent with that of the living forms. H. africanus and H. erectus generally form the most compact grouping within the hominids, thus suporting the argument that these two species can indeed be lumped into a single genus. The degree of separation between H. africanus and Paranthropus is found to be at least as great as that between the genera of modern apes. Gigantopithecus sorts with the hominids rather than with the pongids and seems to be most closely related to Paranthropus .
Which postinfarction ventricular arrhythmias should be treated

Abstract There is still no consensus on which arrhythmias should be treated in the 6- to 12-month high-risk period after acute myocardial infarction. To examine this question, we analyzed 24-hour ECG recordings in 430 patients who survived for at least 2 weeks after myocardial infarction and studied these patients for at least 1 year. During the year after infarction, 63 cardiac deaths occurred. High ventricular premature depolarization (VPD) frequency increased the risk of dying; 26% of the patients had ≥ 10 VPDs/hr and were 2.6 times as likely to die within a year as those with lower frequencies. Repetitive VPDs (pairs or ventricular tachycardia) also were strongly associated with mortality. Thirty-one percent had repetitive VPDs, and these patients were 3.2 times as likely to die as those who lacked this characteristic. Frequent or repetitive VPDs were strongly associated with many other important postinfarction risk factors (e.g., left ventricular dysfunction or digitalis treatment). Nevertheless, frequent or repetitive VPDs contributed significantly to death in the first year after infarction independent of other risk factors; about 90% of these arrhythmias can be controlled satisfactorily with antiarrhythmic drugs. As yet, no definitive trial has been conducted to show whether controlling frequent or repetitive VPDs will significantly reduce the mortality in the first year after infarction. The principal design features for such a trial are discussed.
Global Cities, Systemic Power, and Upper-Middle-Class Influence

Perhaps the central feature distinguishing global cities from nonglobal ones is transnational connectedness. But another important consideration in urban globalization is the disproportion-ately hi...
On interfacial failure in notched unidirectional glass/epoxy composites

The splitting mechanism in notched unidirectional glass/epoxy composites under tensile loading has been studied to gain insight into this failure process. An already- available mathematical expression based on the J-integral technique proposed by Tirosh [1] has been used for this purpose. This expression relates the length of the split crack to the in-plane elastic constants of the composite, original notch length, inter facial shear yield stress, and the applied tensile stress. This model has been used to distinguish between the quality of fiber-matrix bonding in two E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites by evaluating their interfacial shear yield stress using transversely edge-notched unidirectional composites. The experimental results demonstrate that an important requirement to control the length of the split crack is higher fiber-matrix in terfacial shear yield stress. Also, the Tirosh model is found to effectively predict the progression of splitting in notched unidirectional composites.
Mad2 Is a Critical Mediator of the Chromosome Instability Observed upon Rb and p53 Pathway Inhibition

Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain how Rb and p53 tumor suppressor loss lead to chromosome instability (CIN). It was recently shown that Rb pathway inhibition causes overexpression of the mitotic checkpoint gene Mad2, but whether Mad2 overexpression is required to generate CIN in this context is unknown. Here, we show that CIN in cultured cells lacking Rb family proteins requires Mad2 upregulation and that this upregulation is also necessary for CIN and tumor progression in vivo. Mad2 is also repressed by p53 and its upregulation is required for CIN in a p53 mutant tumor model. These results demonstrate that Mad2 overexpression is a critical mediator of the CIN observed upon inactivation of two major tumor suppressor pathways.
A Bayesian approach to assess heart disease mortality among persons with diabetes in the presence of missing data

Some states’ death certificate form includes a diabetes yes/no check box that enables policy makers to investigate the change in heart disease mortality rates by diabetes status. Because the check boxes are sometimes unmarked, a method accounting for missing data is needed when estimating heart disease mortality rates by diabetes status. Using North Dakota’s data (1992–2003), we generate the posterior distribution of diabetes status to estimate diabetes status among those with heart disease and an unmarked check box using Monte Carlo methods. Combining this estimate with the number of death certificates with known diabetes status provides a numerator for heart disease mortality rates. Denominators for rates were estimated from the North Dakota Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Accounting for missing data, age-adjusted heart disease mortality rates (per 1,000) among women with diabetes were 8.6 during 1992–1998 and 6.7 during 1999–2003. Among men with diabetes, rates were 13.0 during 1992–1998 and 10.0 during 1999–2003. The Bayesian approach accounted for the uncertainty due to missing diabetes status as well as the uncertainty in estimating the populations with diabetes.
On the dynamics of liquids in their viscous regime approaching the glass transition.

Recently, Mallamace et al. (Eur. Phys. J. E 34, 94 (2011)) proposed a crossover temperature, T × , and claimed that the dynamics of many supercooled liquids follow an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence between T × and the glass transition temperature T g . The opposite, namely super-Arrhenius behavior in this viscous regime, has been demonstrated repeatedly for molecular glass-former, for polymers, and for the majority of the exhaustively studied inorganic glasses of technological interest. Therefore, we subject the molecular systems of the Mallamace et al. study to a “residuals” analysis and include not only viscosity data but also the more precise data available from dielectric relaxation experiments over the same temperature range. Although many viscosity data sets are inconclusive due to their noise level, we find that Arrhenius behavior is not a general feature of viscosity in the T g to T × range. Moreover, the residuals of dielectric relaxation times with respect to an Arrhenius law clearly reveal systematic curvature consistent with super-Arrhenius behavior being an endemic feature of transport properties in this viscous regime. We also observe a common pattern of how dielectric relaxation times decouple slightly from viscosity.
A pilot study using the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire (GCLQ) as a clinical care tool to identify lower extremity lymphedema in gynecologic cancer survivors

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility and efficacy of using the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire (GCLQ) as a symptom scale for lymphedema of the lower extremity (LLE). Methods Twenty-eight gynecologic cancer survivors with documented LLE and 30 without a history or presence of lymphedema completed the GCLQ and provided feedback about their satisfaction with and feasibility of using the GCLQ at their oncology follow-ups. The study survey took approximately 5–10 min to complete, and it was easily understood by the majority of the sample. Results Participants had a mean age of 59.6 years (range, 28–80 years). Twenty-eight women (48%) had LLE, and 30 (52%) had no history or presence of LLE (confirmed by limb volume [LV] measurements at assessment). Type of cancer history included endometrial, 38 (66%); cervical, 13 (22%); and vulvar, 7 (12%). GCLQ scores differed significantly by lymphedema diagnosis; LLE patients had higher scores ( P Conclusions The GCLQ effectively distinguished between gynecologic cancer survivors with and those without LLE, with good sensitivity and specificity. The patients, particularly those with LLE, showed high confidence in the GCLQ's ability to detect LLE symptoms.
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Capable of Degrading Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Organophosphorus Pesticides from PAH-Contaminated Soil in Hilo, Hawaii

Nineteen bacterial strains were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil in Hilo, HI, and characterized by two different spray-plated methods, turbidity test in liquid medium, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Analysis of the soil showed 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a range from 0.6 to 30 mg/kg of dry weight each and 12 PAH metabolites. Five distinct bacterial strains (C3, C4, P1-1, JS14, and JS19b1) selected from preliminary plating and turbidity tests were further tested for PAH degradation through single PAH degradation assay. Strains C3, C4, and P1-1 degraded phenanthrene (40 mg/L) completely during 7 days of incubation. Strain JS14 degraded fluoranthene (40 mg/L) completely during 10 days of incubation. Strain JS19b1 degraded 100% of phenanthrene (40 mg/L) in 7 days, 77% of fluorene (40 mg/L) in 14 days, 97% of fluoranthene (40 mg/L) in 10 days, and 100% of pyrene (40 mg/L) in 14 days. Turbidity tests showed that strains P1-1, JS14, and JS19b1 utilized several organophosphorus pe...
A Comparison of Learning-Disabled Children's Performance on the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, K-ABC, and WISC-R:

The study examined the relationship among the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI), the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) for a sample of learning-disabled children. The results indicated that the TONI score was significantly lower than the K-ABC Simultaneous Processing Scale and the WISC-R Performance and Full Scale IQs. The TONI correlated significantly with the K-ABC Arithmetic and Reading Understanding achievement tests and with the Kamphaus and Reynolds Reading Composite score. The TONI's discriminant validity was examined; implications for practice are discussed.
Comparison of methods of evaluating nephrotoxicity of cis-platinum.

The urinary excretion of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and β2-microglobulin was measured in 12 cancer patients receiving cis-platinum to evaluate the sensitivity of these indices for renal tubular damage. NAG and LAP excretion rose markedly in all patients, and β2-microglobutin rose in 11. Seven of the 9 patients who had received cis-platinum 6 wk before the study had prestudy dose elevations of one or more of these indices. We conclude that these urinary proteins are sensitive indicators of proximal renal tubular injury and may provide greater sensitivity for comparison of the nephrotoxic potential of future platinum analogs or for assessing the efficacy of regimens designed to protect the kidney from platinum nephrotoxicity than other measurements. The persistence of high excretion values for these indices 6 wk after a dose demonstrates the persistent renal injury by cis-platinum. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 27, 557–562; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.79
Short-range coherence of internal protein dynamics revealed by high-precision in silico study.

Correlated internal dynamics of proteins, which is believed to be important for their function, is analyzed at unprecedented precision using explicit-solvent submicrosecond molecular dynamics simulations of ubiquitin and calbindin D9k. Without exception, all of the mobile dihedral angle pairs in ubiquitin with sizable dynamics correlations (R2 ≥ 0.1) are at short-range distance. In rare cases, they involve sequentially remote dihedral angles that form sparse clusters, suggesting a structural-dynamic propagation mechanism via soft torsional couplings that act over short distances with a rapid loss of coherence over longer distances.
The reactions of nitric oxide with nickel films as studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been employed to study the reactions between nitric oxide and freshly deposited nickel films. When the nickel surface is treated with NO at pressures of less than 1 · 10 −4 torr for 60 s (6000L), the NO is dissociatively adsorbed with no oxidation of the nickel surface. When treated with 0.40 torr of NO that has been exposed to varying degrees of oxidation, the nickel surface is oxidized and species such as NO 3 − , NO 2 − , NO and N 2 may be found on the surface. The species found are determined by the extent of oxidation of NO.
Studies in otitis media: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh-University of Pittsburgh progress report--2004.

Objectives/Hypothesis: The present Progress Report has summarized the key otitis media clinical trials and laboratory studies conducted since 1969 by investigators at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh–University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, PA). Study Design: Review. Methods: Included in the discussion are the following: 1) studies of the epidemiology and risk factors; 2) anatomy and pathology of the eustachian tube–middle ear from human temporal bone histopathological specimens; 3) physiology and pathophysiology of the eustachian tube–middle ear in humans and animal models; 4) pathogenesis; 5) otitis media in special populations (e.g., patients with cleft palate, Native Americans, patients with Down syndrome); 6) microbiology; 7) diagnosis; 8) outcomes of randomized clinical trials that evaluated efficacy of nonsurgical and surgical methods of treatment and prevention; 9) studies of certain complications and sequelae (e.g., effect of middle-ear effusion on hearing, early child development, and the vestibular system; chronic suppurative otitis media). Also included are relevant summary tables and 256 references.
Noise in gravitational wave detector suspension systems: A universal model

In a recent review of gravitational wave detectors, Ricci and Brillet discussed models for noise in the various suspension systems and concluded that ``\dots{}there is probably no universal model\dots{}.'' Here we present such a model which is based on work carried out by Ford, Lewis, and the present author [Phys. Rev. A 37, 4419 (1988)]; the latter work presents a very general dissipative model (which has been applied already to many areas of physics) with the additional merit of being based on a microscopic Hamiltonian. In particular, we show that all existing models fall within this framework. Also, our model demonstrates (a) the advantages of using the Fourier transform of the memory function to parametrize the data from interferometric detectors such as the Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory (rather than the presently-used Zener function) and (b) the fact that a normal-mode analysis is generally not adequate, consistent with a conclusion reached by Levin [Phys. Rev. D 57, 659 (1998)].
Discrimination of monosodium glutamate and sodium chloride solutions by rats.

Abstract Discrimination of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions by rats was studied in a series of two or three bottle preference tests in free-choice situations. In two bottle preference tests, solutions containing 0.001–0.1 M NaCl or MSG were preferred to deionized water and the peak preference was 0.05 M for both NaCl and MSG-flavored solution. The transition point from preference to aversion was found to be very close to the isotonic point. Total fluid intake of both choices (MSG or NaCl-flavored water and water) was approximately 30% above the consumption of tap water controls when solutions contained 0.1 M NaCl or MSG. However, maximum intake of moles of MSG or NaCl did not exceed approximately 2 × 10 −2 mmoles per gram body weight. In a series of three choice preference tests, MSG (0.005–0.01 M) was preferred to comparable concentration of NaCl and water. Both MSG and NaCl (0.05–0.1 M) were preferred to water. When mixtures of MSG and NaCl (0.05 and 0.1 M) were compared with equimolar solutions of MSG or NaCl, the mixtures were preferred to solutions containing a single taste substance. It is concluded from these results that the rat might recognize MSG solution as a favorable substance, differently from NaCl solution.
Neighborhood effects on the self-rated health of older adults from four racial/ethnic groups.

Building upon the sizable literature on individual-level predictors of self-rated health, this study examined the impact of neighborhood characteristics, using older adult samples of four racial/ethnic groups. The considered neighborhood characteristics include (a) the proportion of individuals age 65 and older, (b) the proportion of individuals below poverty, and (c) the proportion of individuals from the same racial/ethnic background in the Census-block group. The samples were drawn from the 2004–2005 Survey of Older Floridians, which includes Whites (n = 488), Blacks (n = 345), Cubans (n = 319), and non-Cuban Latinos (n = 230). Using the reported residential address, each participant was linked to the 2000 Census at block-group level to retrieve the above-mentioned neighborhood characteristics. Multilevel analysis of self-rated health was estimated for each racial/ethnic group, considering individual-level variables (e.g., age, gender, marital status, education, financial strain, and chronic conditions...