cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three‐Year Outcomes of a School‐Hospital Partnership Providing Multitiered Mental Health Services in Urban Schools

Background From the perspective of schools, children's mental health is essential to academic success. Multitiered systems of support (MTSS) that provide prevention/promotion, early identification/intervention, and clinical treatment services have been embraced as a promising means to deliver mental health services in the school setting. Methods A school-hospital partnership tested the implementation over 3 consecutive academic years of an MTSS model for elementary through high-school students enrolled in 6 urban public schools. The model was designed to embed whole-school and classroom-level prevention/promotion programs alongside small group and individual services for selected youth. Utilization, satisfaction, and student- and school-level outcomes were assessed. Results Students participating in early intervention had significantly improved social-emotional competencies and coping skills (particularly those students at highest risk), and students with mental health disorders who participated in clinical treatment had significantly improved symptoms and functioning. Schools significantly enhanced their capacity to provide mental health services across prevention/promotion, early identification/intervention, and crisis management domains. These findings were replicated across 3 consecutive years of program implementation. Conclusions A school-hospital partnership using an MTSS model was found to be feasible, valued, and effective in improving students' mental health status and schools' capacities to provide mental health services.
Implications of Training in Incremental Theories of Intelligence for Undergraduate Statistics Students

This chapter documents the effects of training in incremental theories of intelligence on students in introductory statistics courses at a liberal arts university in the US. Incremental theories of intelligence examine the beliefs individuals hold of knowledge and how it is attained. An individual with an incremental theory of intelligence believes that intelligence can be developed. The research examined differences by gender in mastery of statistics and attitudes toward statistics for students who received growth mind-set training. A pre-test, post-test design utilised the Students’ Attitudes Toward Statistics© instrument and the Comprehensive Assessment of Outcomes in a first Statistics course. An ANCOVA revealed that females gained more than males on their value of statistics (F(1, 63) = 9.40, MSE = 3.79, p = .003, η P 2 = 0.134) and decreased less for effort expended to learn statistics (F(1, 63) = 4.41, MSE = 4.07, p = .040, η P 2 = 0.067). Females also gained mastery of statistical concepts at a greater rate (F(1, 63) = 5.30, MSE = 0.06, p = .025, η P 2 = 0.080) indicating a possible path to alleviate the under-representation of females in STEM.
What Makes People Imagine Themselves in Contact with Outgroup Members: Exploring the Relationship between Vicarious Media Contact Experiences and Imagined Contact

We explored whether mediated intergroup contact might stimulate other forms of intergroup contact. Our study compared two forms of mediated contact: vicarious intergroup contact (exposure to an int...
Review of alternative access in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has surpassed surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) as the most common treatment strategy for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis over the past decade. As TAVR technology has continued to advance, it has been expanded from being an option only for extreme risk patients to now being the preferred option for the majority of patients with severe aortic stenosis. Recent trials have shown that TAVR is superior or non-inferior to SAVR even in patients at low surgical risk. One limitation of TAVR is the need for large bore vascular access. This has improved over time with smaller sheath sizes and improved delivery systems, but is still a significant issue in a patient population that often has many comorbidities including peripheral arterial disease. Early in the TAVR experience the only option for alternative access was transapical access, which has consistently been linked to increased procedural complications and worsened clinical outcomes. However, in recent years several centers have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of several alternative access strategies including transaxillary, transcarotid, transcaval, and direct aortic. There are no randomized data comparing these strategies, so access site approach is chosen by the multidisciplinary heart team based on patient anatomy and site expertise. We will review the current data in alternative access that in our view supports prioritizing a transaxillary or transcarotid strategy. In addition, we will describe our center’s pre-procedural planning, peri-procedural approach, and propose an algorithm for alternative access.
Evidence for rapid trace element alteration of planktic foraminiferal shells from the Panama Basin: Manganese adsorption during vertical transport

Abstract The trace elemental composition of planktic foraminifera shells serves as a proxy for understanding the physical environment in which foraminifera lived, but may also reflect chemical alterations that occur after death. Understanding how foraminiferal geochemistry varies across time, species, and after death is therefore essential for deconvolving ecological from diagenetic information and decoding the environmental signals contained within foraminiferal shells. We analyzed the trace elemental composition (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, and U/Ca) of four species of planktic foraminifera (Globigerina ruber, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globorotalia menardii, and Globorotaloides hexagonus) from moored sediment traps (890, 2590, and 3560 m deep) in the Panama Basin collected over one calendar year (1979–1980). Shells recovered from the shallowest trap demonstrate moderate variability in trace elemental composition, both throughout the time series and between species. Most elemental ratios are not significantly influenced by depth, with the exception of Mn/Ca. Ratios of Mn/Ca are substantially higher in the 3560 m trap versus the 890 m trap, with increases with depth greater in the thin walled species G. ruber and G. hexagonus. Elevated Mn/Ca ratios are frequently noted in fossil foraminifera shells as the result of diagenesis within the sediment. Our results demonstrate the potential for Mn-enrichment of foraminiferal calcite, via Mn adsorption onto the surface of foraminiferal shells, within the water column during sinking and prior to deposition in the sediment.
Effects of Gonadal Hormones and Contraceptive Steroids on Respiration

When the editors assigned me the task of reviewing the effects of gonadal hormones and contraceptive steroids on the pulmonary system, I replied that I was in somewhat of a quandry as to where to begin. Their suggestion was merely that all biological literature be reviewed and any appropriate data pertaining to these steroids and respiration be presented. Thus, my first reference was found in Genesis (1) and describes a most dramatic effect of estrogens on a portion of the pulmonary system of man (Fig. 1). Thus far, no one has been able to reproduce that experiment.
Pharmacy Technicians Help to Push Boundaries in Delivering Quality Care

We are so pleased that Pharmacy dedicated a themed Special Issue to pharmacy workforce supportpersonnel, namely technicians [...].
Domestic Violence and Sterilization Skew in India: An Instrumental Variable Analysis.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of domestic violence in ever-married women in India and analyze the relationship between domestic violence and use of female sterilization a...
Staining and automated image quantification of callose in Arabidopsis cotyledons and leaves

Callose is a β-1,3-glucan polysaccharide that is deposited at discrete sites in the plant cell wall in response to microbial pathogens, likely contributing to protection against pathogen infection. Increased callose deposition also occurs in response to the 22-amino acid peptide flg22, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) derived from bacterial flagellin protein. Here, we provide protocols for callose staining using aniline blue in cotyledon and leaf tissue of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Aniline blue stain utilizes a fluorochrome that complexes with callose for its visualization by microscopy using an ultraviolet (UV) filter. For robust quantification of callose deposits, we outline an automated image analysis workflow utilizing the freely available Fiji (Fiji Is Just ImageJ; NIH) software and a Trainable Weka Segmentation (TWS) plugin. Our methodology for automated analysis of large batches of images can be easily adapted to quantify callose in other tissues and plant species, as well as to quantify fluorescent structures other than callose.
Day and night synergy to improve subpixel urban impervious surface mapping in desert environments at 30-m Landsat resolution

Few studies provide effective guidance for detecting subpixel urban impervious surface in desert environments. Such an environmental setting is substantially different from the study areas of most ...
Determining Allele-Specific Protein Expression (ASPE) Using a QconCAT-Based Proteomics Method: a Novel Approach to Identify Cis-acting Genetic Variants

Measuring allele-specific expression (ASE) is a powerful approach for identifying cis-regulatory genetic variants. Here we developed a novel targeted proteomics method for quantification of allele-specific protein expression (ASPE) based on scheduled high resolution multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM-HR) with a heavy stable isotope-labeled quantitative concatamer (QconCAT) internal protein standard. This strategy was applied to the determination of the ASPE of UGT2B15 in human livers using the common UGT2B15 nonsynonymous variant rs1902023 (i.e. Y85D) as the marker to differentiate expressions from the two alleles. The QconCAT standard contains both the wild type tryptic peptide and the Y85D mutant peptide at a ratio of 1:1 to ensure accurate measurement of the ASPE of UGT2B15. The results from 18 UGT2B15 Y85D heterozygotes revealed that the ratios between wild type Y allele and mutant D allele varied from 0.60 to 1.46, indicating the presence of cis-regulatory variants. In addition, we observed no significant correlations between the ASPE and mRNA ASE of UGT2B15, suggesting the involvement of different cis-acting variants in regulating the transcription and translation processes of the gene. This novel ASPE approach provides a powerful tool for capturing cis-genetic variants involved in post-transcription processes, an important yet understudied area of research.
CapWAP: Image Captioning with a Purpose

The traditional image captioning task uses generic reference captions to provide textual information about images. Different user populations, however, will care about different visual aspects of images. In this paper, we propose a new task, Captioning with A Purpose (CapWAP). Our goal is to develop systems that can be tailored to be useful for the information needs of an intended population, rather than merely provide generic information about an image. In this task, we use question-answer (QA) pairs---a natural expression of information need---from users, instead of reference captions, for both training and post-inference evaluation. We show that it is possible to use reinforcement learning to directly optimize for the intended information need, by rewarding outputs that allow a question answering model to provide correct answers to sampled user questions. We convert several visual question answering datasets into CapWAP datasets, and demonstrate that under a variety of scenarios our purposeful captioning system learns to anticipate and fulfill specific information needs better than its generic counterparts, as measured by QA performance on user questions from unseen images, when using the caption alone as context.
Abstract PO-256: Factors determining adherence to lung cancer screening in a Hispanic urban population

Background: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that lung cancer screening reduces lung cancer mortality by 20% in high risk individuals. The rate of adherence to screening was more than 90% in the NSLT in a predominant non- Hispanic White (NHW) population, with only 1.8% Hispanics. Concerns regarding adherence in lung cancer screening have been widely reported. The goal of our study was to investigate the attributes of a Lung Cancer (LC) screening program and factors associated with screening adherence in a largely Hispanic urban population and compare with the NLST population. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 421 consecutive cases who underwent LDCT screening from 2016-2019 at the University of Miami (UM), with similar inclusion criteria as the NLST. Annual adherence was defined as returning for imaging within 1 year and 90 days after an initial negative scan. Screening results, LC detection and screening adherence were examined and compared with the NLST cohort using summary statistics and X2 test for categorical variables. Association between adherence and baseline factors including age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance, smoking history, and COPD was analyzed. Results: A total of 421 patients underwent screening from 2016-2019. UM cohort had a different racial and ethnic profile, with a higher percentage of Hispanics (47.3% vs 1.8%) and African Americans (15% vs 4.5%) in the UM than the NLST cohort respectively. Compared with NLST Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) arm, the UM cohort had fewer active smokers and a lighter smoking history. The proportion of positive LDCT screens (Lung-RADS Class 3/4) in the UM cohort (14.1%) was comparable to the NLST cohort (13.7%). Eighty-five percent of initial scans (359 of 421) were benign (Lung-RADS Class 1/2). The no-show rate for the LDCT screening shared-decision visit was 26% (228 of 891 visits). Early adherence rate to repeat annual imaging was 31.4% (81/258) Factors associated with early adherence included gender smoking, and race/ethnicity, with greater adherence in men than women, former smokers, and patients of NHW ethnicity. Despite, lower adherence to screening, the UM cohort had higher LC detection rate (3.3%) than the NLST cohort (1.1%) (p Citation Format: Estelamari Rodriguez, Marie Jeanette Charles, Sophie Torrents, Richa Dawar, Nestor Villamizar, Dao Minh Nguyen, Kunal Gawri. Factors determining adherence to lung cancer screening in a Hispanic urban population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-256.
Plural and fluid place attachment amid tourism-induced neighborhood change in a disadvantaged neighborhood in South Korea

Abstract Many urban neighborhoods have emerged as new urban tourist destinations since increasing numbers of visitors seek to experience ‘authentic’ mundane experiences. Ihwa Mural Village (IMV), a disadvantaged urban neighborhood in Seoul, South Korea, is such a case whereby a public art project implemented by the government to regenerate disadvantaged areas has led to the touristification of the neighborhood. The socioeconomic reconfiguration of IMV has complicated people–place relationships and has engendered controversial outcomes. This research draws upon recent debates of ‘fluid and relational’ place attachment and employed qualitative methods to demonstrate how people continuously construct, adapt, and reshape their connections to place and attachments and respond to such dynamics during tourism-induced neighborhood change. Findings reveal that people’s place attachment is plural as it may not necessarily only premised on rootedness. Also, place attachment is multidimensional and fluid that could either amplify or attenuate during the trajectory of neighborhood change contingent upon the proximity to tourism hotspot, diverse neighborhood events affecting their quality of lives, and conflicting benefits. Comprehending the plurality and fluidity of place attachment is imperative to understand neighborhoods experiencing tourism-induced change since it could minimize the potential neighborhood conflicts.
Best-Effort Lazy Evaluation for Python Software Built On APIs

This paper focuses on an important optimization opportunity in Python-hosted domain-specific languages (DSLs): the use of laziness for optimization, whereby multiple API calls are deferred and then optimized prior to execution (rather than executing eagerly, which would require executing each call in isolation). In existing supports of lazy evaluation, laziness is "terminated" as soon as control passes back to the host language in any way, limiting opportunities for optimization. This paper presents Cunctator, a framework that extends this laziness to more of the Python language, allowing intermediate values from DSLs like NumPy or Pandas to flow back to the host Python code without triggering evaluation. This exposes more opportunities for optimization and, more generally, allows for larger computation graphs to be built, producing 1.03-14.2X speedups on a set of programs in common libraries and frameworks.
Occupational Health Update: Evaluation and Management of Exposures and Postexposure Prophylaxis

Health care personnel (HCP) are at risk of exposure to infectious agents depending on their job duties and other factors. Risks include percutaneous exposure to blood-borne pathogens via sharp injuries (eg, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus); exposure by direct contact, droplet, or airborne transmission of pathogens through direct patient care (eg, pertussis, invasive meningococcus infections, tuberculosis); and through indirect contact transmission related to the contaminated health care environment (eg, Clostridioides difficile). Occupational health programs must effectively identify and respond to potential exposures and provide guidance to HCP on postexposure prophylaxis.
EphA2 signaling within integrin adhesions regulates fibrillar adhesion elongation and fibronectin deposition.

Abstract The multifunctional glycoprotein fibronectin influences several crucial cellular processes and contributes to multiple pathologies. While a link exists between fibronectin-associated pathologies and the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2, the mechanism by which EphA2 promotes fibronectin matrix remodeling remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that EphA2 deletion reduces smooth muscle fibronectin deposition and blunts fibronectin deposition in atherosclerosis without influencing fibronectin expression. We now show that EphA2 expression is required for contractility-dependent elongation of tensin- and α5β1 integrin-rich fibrillar adhesions that drive fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Mechanistically, EphA2 localizes to integrin adhesions where focal adhesion kinase mediates ligand-independent Y772 phosphorylation, and mutation of this site significantly blunts fibrillar adhesion length. EphA2 deficiency decreases smooth muscle cell contractility by enhancing p190RhoGAP activation and reducing RhoA activity, whereas stimulating RhoA signaling in EphA2 deficient cells rescues fibrillar adhesion elongation. Together, these data identify EphA2 as a novel regulator of fibrillar adhesion elongation and provide the first data identifying a role for EphA2 signaling in integrin adhesions.
Mestizo International Law: A Global Intellectual History 1842-1933

The development of international law is conventionally understood as a history in which the main characters (states and international lawyers) and events (wars and peace conferences) are European. Arnulf Becker Lorca demonstrates how non-Western states and lawyers appropriated nineteenth-century classical thinking in order to defend new and better rules governing non-Western states' international relations. By internalizing the standard of civilization, for example, they argued for the abrogation of unequal treaties. These appropriations contributed to the globalization of international law. With the rise of modern legal thinking and a stronger international community governed by law, peripheral lawyers seized the opportunity and used the new discourse and institutions such as the League of Nations to dissolve the standard of civilization and codify non-intervention and self-determination. These stories suggest that the history of our contemporary international legal order is not purely European; instead they suggest a history of a mestizo international law.
Investigating Multimodal Classroom Experiences across a Biology Curriculum

The Center of Learning Innovation at the University of Minnesota Rochester aims to deliver an undergraduate curriculum that advances learner-centered, technology-enhanced, competency-based, assessm...
Building portable options: skill transfer in reinforcement learning

The options framework provides methods for reinforcement learning agents to build new high-level skills. However, since options are usually learned in the same state space as the problem the agent is solving, they cannot be used in other tasks that are similar but have different state spaces. We introduce the notion of learning options in agentspace, the space generated by a feature set that is present and retains the same semantics across successive problem instances, rather than in problemspace. Agent-space options can be reused in later tasks that share the same agent-space but have different problem-spaces. We present experimental results demonstrating the use of agent-space options in building transferrable skills, and show that they perform best when used in conjunction with problem-space options.
Near Magnetic Field Investigation, Instrumentation, Spacecraft Magnetics and Data Access

The primary objective of the investigation is the search for a body-wide magnetic field of the near Earth asteroid Eros. The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) 3-axis fluxgate magnetometer includes a sensor mounted on the high-gain antenna feed structure. The NEAR Magnetic Facility Instrument (MFI) is a joint hardware effort between GSFC and APL. The design and magnetics approach achieved by the NEAR MFI effort entailed low-cost, up-front attention to engineering solutions which did not impact the schedule. The goal of the magnetometer is reliable magnetic field measurements within 5 nT, which necessitates the use of an extensive spacecraft magnetic interference model but is achievable with the full year's orbital data set. Such a goal has been shown viable with recent in-flight calibration data and comparisons to the WIND magnetometer data. The NEAR MFI effort has succeeded in providing magnetic field measurements for the first flight in NASA's Discovery line.
Rapid 3D-print-and-shrink fabrication of biodegradable microneedles with complex geometries

We have developed a simple technique for fabricating polymeric microneedles of complex geometries. We achieve this by coupling 3D printing technology with an isotropic shrinkage technique, which effectively enhances the current resolution limits of 3D printing by at least five fold. The technique consists of transferring 3D printed patterns to a hydrogel which is subsequently shrunk by up to 40 % within 12 hours. The process can be repeated for further shrinkage/refinement. Needle patterns are then transferred to a biodegradable polymer (PVP), resulting in microneedles which are sufficiently sharp (tips down to 9.6 µm radius of curvature) to penetrate porcine skin and deliver loaded/embedded chemicals.
The Moon before Apollo

When Galileo first turned his telescope toward the sky, he made two major discoveries. One, the four large moons of Jupiter, is justly famous. The other, less familiar, is perhaps more important historically. He saw the Moon with enough resolution to conclude that it is not a ‘heavenly body’ as that term was understood, made of perfect and everlasting heavenly stuff, but a rough, cratered object more like the Earth — a real world rather than a figment of the human imagination. Its study moved from the field of theology to that of natural philosophy, now called science.
Regulation of novelty seeking by midbrain dopamine D2/D3 signaling and ghrelin is altered in obesity

Objective To investigate the relationship of novelty seeking traits (NS) with midbrain dopamine (DA) receptors and acyl ghrelin levels (AG) in normal weight (NW) and obese females. NS predict addictive behaviors and are hypothesized to contribute to eating behaviors. In healthy, NS are negatively associated with DA receptors in the substantia nigra (SN). We hypothesized that obesity would influence the regulation of NS by DA signaling and AG.
InP HEMT lightwave communication ICs for 40 Gbit/s and beyond

Ultrahigh-speed integrated-circuit technology is one of the keys to achieving ultralarge-capacity optical communication systems. Technological breakthroughs in circuit and packaging design as well as improved transistor performance are needed to reach the over-40 Gbit/s operating region. This paper describes a 0.1 /spl mu/m gate InP HEMT, novel circuit design, and broadband packaging technologies developed to boost the circuit speed. We used these technologies to make 40 Gbit/s lightwave communication ICs. This paper also describes the problems in moving toward 100 Gbit/s operation.
Dielectric Breakdown of Thinned BaO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 Glass

The dielectric breakdown behavior of alkali-free glass was determined as a function of thickness and surface roughness. The thickness of commercially available glass (as-received thickness=50 μm) was reduced to a range of thicknesses between 47 and 5 μm by chemical etching. The RMS surface roughness of the as-received glass was in the range of 0.14–0.47 nm, and the surface roughness increased to up 10 nm after etching; it was also found that agitating the etching solution by ultrasound reduced the overall surface roughness. The evaluation of these samples revealed that the dielectric breakdown strength increased as the thickness decreased. However, the Weibull modulus representing the distribution of dielectric strengths showed a dependence on the surface roughness of the etched glass. A power law dependence, EB∝d−n, where d is the glass thickness and n=0.14 and 0.86, has been found to fit the data in the respective thickness ranges of 5–20 and 25–50 μm. Self-healing behavior, which allows the dielectric to continue to support a high electric field after breakdown, was found to be more likely as the dielectric layer thickness decreased. The susceptibility to self healing was correlated with the stored electrostatic energy and latent heat of vaporization for the gold electrode material.
Wideband blind signal classification on a battery budget

A wideband signal sensor is an essential component to enable cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access techniques, providing real-time detection and modulation classification in a wideband environment of interest. The problem is challenging, requiring a processing suite incorporating detection, estimation, and classification, with stringent power objectives to enable widespread use in untethered battery powered devices. This article provides an overview of an integrated system-on-chip extremely low-power solution, including a wideband mixed-signal front-end, an algorithm suite that incorporates a blind hierarchical modulation classifier, and an ASIC implementation that employs dynamic voltage-frequency scaling and parallel processing that achieves measured energy efficiency ranging between 11.9 GOPS/mW and 13.6 GOPS/mW for full channel feature extraction, resulting in power consumption of 20.1-22.6 mW depending on the number of signals and signal bandwidth. The system bandwidth is selectable at 5, 50, and 500 MHz; in the 500 MHz case an efficient analog 8-point FFT channelizer relaxes the A/D requirement. The sensor can blindly detect and process up to 32 concurrent non-overlapping signals, with a variety of signal characteristics including single- vs. multi-carrier discrimination, carrier detection and estimation, and modulation classification.
Top of the Charts

In this column, CiSE's editor in chief proposes a new benchmark for high-performance computing based on flops per joule.
Pituitary-adrenal activity in the postpartum rat in the absence of suckling stimulation.

Abstract Suckling results in many of the endocrine changes which accompany lactation in rats, and stimulation from pups other than suckling produces some of these changes as well. In the present study, we wished to see if suckling is necessary for the reduced pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to stress which occurs during lactation. Mothers whose nipples were removed prior to conception were continuously exposed to pups. Although maternal behavior is maintained normally in these females, we found that the mother-pup interaction, in the absence of suckling, was not sufficient to diminish ACTH and corticosterone elevations following stress. Possible endocrine factors which may be related to this lowered responsiveness in suckled rats are discussed.
Microstructure and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7?? thin films incorporated with a self-assembled magnetic vertically aligned nanocomposite

A thin layer of a vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) with separated phases of ferromagnetic Fe2O3 and non-magnetic CeO2, arranged as alternating nanopillars, is introduced in YBa2Cu3O7?? (YBCO) thin films as either a cap or a buffer layer using a pulsed laser deposition method. Detailed microstructural characterization including XRD, high resolution XTEM and STEM is conducted and correlated with the superconducting properties to investigate the flux pinning properties introduced by the magnetic VAN layers. The Tc values of both doped samples are above 89?K and the measured at 65?K increased to 150% of that of the reference YBCO prepared under the same conditions. As the measurement temperature decreases, the magnetic pinning effect increases and the field dependent Jc(H???c) is further improved to more than 200% of the Jc value of the reference YBCO sample. This suggests that the Fe2O3:CeO2 VAN can provide both ordered magnetic pillars and controlled defect density. Furthermore, the magnetic pillars are very effective pinning centers especially in the high field and low temperature regime.
Sex- and age-related differences in major depressive disorder with comorbid anxiety treated with fluoxetine.

Objective: To examine sex- and age-related differences of treatment outcome in a cohort of outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD), with and without comorbid anxiety, treated with fluoxetine.
Neural darwinism and consciousness

Neural Darwinism (ND) is a large scale selectionist theory of brain development and function that has been hypothesized to relate to consciousness. According to ND, consciousness is entailed by reentrant interactions among neuronal populations in the thalamocortical system (the `dynamic core?). These interactions, which permit high-order discriminations among possible core states, confer selective advantages on organisms possessing them by linking current perceptual events to a past history of value-dependent learning. Here, we assess the consistency of ND with 16 widely recognized properties of consciousness, both physiological (for example, consciousness is associated with widespread, relatively fast, low amplitude interactions in the thalamocortical system), and phenomenal (for example, consciousness involves the existence of a private flow of events available only to the experiencing subject). While no theory accounts fully for all of these properties at present, we find that ND and its recent extensions fare well.
Perspectives on the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in plants

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PBH) was recently shown to be produced in genetically engineered plants which expressed the genes from Alcaligenes eutrophus responsible for the formation of PHB from acetoacetyl-CoA. The transgenic plants accumulated PHB as granules which were similar in size and appearance to the bacterial PHB granules. These observations suggest that large scale production of PHB and other polyhydroxyalkanoates in genetically altered crop plants may be feasible.
Chromatographic performance and capillary gas chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Abstract In gas chromatography-infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR), the instrumental requirements of Fourier transform (FT) IR spectroscopy place special constraints on the interface between the gas chromatograph and spectrometer as well as on the chromatographic experiment. State-of-the-art capillary GC-FTIR reflects a necessary compromise between sensitivity and chromatographic performance to yield an analytically useful system. Some of the trade-offs between optimal IR performance and optimal GC performance are reviewed. Investigations of the chromatographic performance of a capillary GC-FTIR system are reported.
An Experimental Study of Synthetic Jets From Rectangular Orifices

Results of an experimental investigation on isolated synthetic jets in crossflow from rectangular orifices of different aspect ratio and orientation are presented. Three aspect ratios, AR = 4, 8, and 16, with pitch α = 90°, were investigated. Additionally, the AR = 8 case was pitched at 20°. The yaw angle, β, was varied through 0°, 10°, 45° and 90°. All orifices had same exit area and the data were compared with synthetic as well as steady jet from a circular orifice of same area. Hotwire measurements were performed to obtain all three components of mean velocity and turbulent stresses. Data were acquired for momentum-flux ratio up to J = 50. Distributions of time- and phase-averaged data were obtained on the cross sectional plane at x/D = 0.5, 5 and 10, as well as on the axial plane of the symmetry. Qualitative flowfield similarity between synthetic and steady jets is observed. However, high-momentum ‘cap’ above the low-momentum ‘dome’, characteristic of steady jets, does not necessarily appear in the synthetic jet. The position and shape of the high-momentum region depend on the distance from the orifice, pitch, yaw as well as momentum-flux ratio. Consequently, the location of the minimum velocity in the ‘dome’ measured at the plane of symmetry, ymin , is adopted as a reference for penetration estimate and trajectory comparison. For AR = 16, the dome is the largest in area with maximum velocity deficit. However, the penetration is somewhat higher for AR = 4. Increase in yaw reduces the spatial extent of the dome and the penetration height but augments the velocity deficit. At low J the dome is connected to the boundary layer and traces of the cap of high momentum fluid are visible above it. Increase in J lifts the dome and reorganizes the high-momentum fluid around its perimeter, eventually bringing it underneath. Phase-averaged data document dynamic topological changes within the cycle. Phase-averaged streamwise velocity contours on the cross-sectional plane exhibit behavior commensurate with that seen in time-averaged data at various J.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Inhibition by sodium of sodiumindependent amino acid transport

Abstract 1. 1. Characterization of the sodium-independent amino acid transport system in Xenopus laevis embryos showed that sodium was inhibitory to the transport of leucine and isoleucine. two amino acids representative of the sodium-independent L system. 2. 2. Replacement of the sodium cation by the choline cation had no inhibitory effect showing that this phenomenon is sodium-ion specific. 3. 3. Replacement of the sodium cation by neutral mannitol showed no inhibition; indicating the lack of a general cationic effect.
Effect of contrast on spatial frequency tuning of neurones in area 17 of cat's visual cortex

Previous investigations have revealed that perceived spatial frequency of gratings rises as contrast is lowered. In order to account for this finding it has been postulated that the spatial frequency which produces the maximum response from cortical neurones decreases with contrast. We have examined this hypothesis by determining optimal spatial frequency at 3-5 different contrast levels for 37 neurones in the cat striate cortex. For the complete sample no systematic changes in optimal spatial frequency was observed. However, a shift in the predicted direction was found for cells tuned to high spatial frequencies.
Diffraction contrast in reflection electron microscopy—I. Screw dislocation

Abstract The diffraction contrast theory has been used to anslyze the reflection electron microscopy (REM) image features of a normally emerging screw dislocation and the dependence of these features on the incident beam conditions. The reflected beam rocking curve has been assumed to be a Gaussian-like function but with different half-widths on the two sides of a specific Bragg angle. The calculated images show some fine structures around the dislocation core which depend on the incident beam conditions. This dependence suggests a method of measuring the rotation field from surface defects. Experimentally obtained REM images show features which are in good agreement with the diffraction contrst theory.
The Lowering of Vascular Atherosclerotic Risk (LOVAR) Program: An Approach to Modifying Cerebral, Cardiac, and Peripheral Vascular Disease

More than 1 million US citizens die of cerebral, cardiac, and peripheral vascular disease (collectively, CVD) each year. Basic science and clinical outcome research aimed at reducing the burden of this illness is widespread, but the knowledge gleaned from controlled trials has not fully translated into everyday clinical practice and care of patients with CVD and their inherent risk factors. The Lowering of Vascular Atherosclerotic Risk (LOVAR) program was a 5-year observational study that evaluated the feasibility of a high-intensity multidisciplinary program of risk factor reduction in a population with known symptoms of CVD. The population comprised patients with documented clinically symptomatic cerebral, cardiac, or peripheral vascular disease and at least two modifiable risk factors for stroke, myocardial infarction, or peripheral vascular occlusive disease. Final outcomes were evaluated by comparing primary and secondary end points and quality of life. A total of 271 patients were enrolled in the intervention group, and 242 were enrolled in the standard care group (control). At 3 years, significant improvements in several risk factors were seen in the intervention group, with no significant improvements for the control group. The rate of patient retention was 95% at 3 years, and overall rates of physician and patient satisfaction were high. We believe that the Lowering of Vascular Atherosclerotic Risk program is generalizable to a sufficiently motivated population targeted as high risk for vascular disease.
Citramalate lyase of Clostridium tetanomorphum.

Assay methods and some properties of (+)-citramalate pyruvatelyase, an enzyme from Clostridium tetanomorphum that converts (+)-citramalate to pyruvate and acetate, are described. The enzyme is very active (0.8–1.2 units per mg protein) in freshly prepared extracts, but loses activity rapidly during storage. (+)-Citramalate is the only substrate found to be cleaved by the lyase; the equilibrium for the reaction permits almost complete cleavage at low substrate concentrations. A divalent cation is required as a cofactor. A sensitive and specific enzymic method for estimating (+)-citramalate is described.
Performance summary of the brookhaven superconducting power transmission system

Abstract Following a study in 1971 at Brookhaven National Laboratory it was concluded that an optimal design for a superconducting power transmission system would utilize niobium-tin superconductor in flexible cables cooled by supercritical helium. A 1000 MVA prototype was constructed and operated from 1982 until the present. The operating performance of the cables, cable enclosure and terminations is summarized over a wide range of operating conditions. The results confirm the technical feasibility of this technology to move large blocks of electric power over long distances.
Accurate power measurement methodology for VLSI circuits using CAD tools

Electronic design Automation (EDA) tools are used for design verification before fabrication of the integrated circuits. The accuracy of the power measured using these EDA Tools are overlooked since the approximations are good enough to take design decisions. An error in the range of 9.6 – 14.18% is observed between the power indicated in the circuit by the tool and theoretical calculations. These approximations are not very well documented by the EDA tool vendors. Of late, with IP based design flow, power has been the major parameter to assess the quality of the IP core and accuracy of the power measurement of the CAD tools is important. The EDA simulation tools come with built-in functions to measure the power consumption. [1] In this paper we present different ways of measuring the power of the circuit using the EDA simulation tools and their accuracy when compared with the theoretical computations. Work demonstrates the most appropriate method of power measurement in a circuit using Cadence Virtuoso Analog design environment and its result browser.
Multiple Soliton Solutions for a Variety of Coupled Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equations

Recently, many nonlinear coupled evolution equations, such as the coupled Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, the coupled Boussinesq equation, and the coupled mKdV equation, appear in scientific applications [1 – 13]. The coupled evolution equations attracted a considerable research work in the literature. The aims of these works have been the determination of soliton solutions and the proof of complete integrability of these coupled equations [14 – 24]. Various methods have been used to investigate the nonlinear evolution and the coupled nonlinear evolution equations. Examples of the methods that have been used are the Hirota bilinear method, the Hietarinta approach, the Backlund transformation method, the Darboux transformation, the Pfaffian technique, the inverse scattering method, the Painleve analysis, the generalized symmetry method, and other methods. The Hirota bilinear method [1 – 7], the Hietarinta approach [8, 9], and the Hereman simplified form [10 – 12] are rather heuristic and significant. These approaches possess powerful features that make them practical for the determination of multiple soliton solutions [13 – 24] for a wide class of nonlinear evolution equations. The computer symbolic systems such as Maple and Mathematica allow us to perform complicated and tedious calculations. It is interesting to point out that the soliton solution should demonstrate a wave of permanent form. The soliton solution is localized, which means that the solution either decays exponentially to zero such as the KdV solitons, or converges to a constant at infinity such as the sine-Gordon equation. Since we will talk about the multiple soliton solutions, we point out that the soliton interacts with other solitons preserving its character. We also add that the soliton solution u(x, t), along with its derivatives, tends to zero as | x |→ ∞. This clearly shows that the soliton reside in Hilbert space, and it results from initial-boundary value problems. Concerning the modified KdV equation, it describes nonlinear wave propagation in systems with polarity symmetry. The mKdV equation is used in electrodynamics, wave propagation in size quantized films, and in elastic media. It is used to describe acoustic waves in anharmonic lattices and Alfven waves in collisionless plasma. The mKdV equation differs from the KdV equation only because of its cubic nonlinearity. The mKdV equation is completely integrable and can be solved by the inverse scattering method. In this work, a variety of coupled mKdV equations will be investigated for complete integrability and for the determination of multiple soliton solutions. The coupled mKdV equations that we selected are
Photoproton cross section and isospin components of the giant resonance in 64Zn

Abstract The absolute cross section for the reaction 64 Zn(γ, p) 63 Cu using a thin target of 99.6 % isotopically pure 64 Zn has been measured at four angles using bremsstrahlung from the Los Alamos Electron Prototype Accelerator. The results are compared with the previously measured 64 Zn(γ, n) 63 Zn cross section to clearly show the two isospin components of the giant dipole resonance. The measured photoproton cross section is combined with previously measured (γ, n), (γ, 2n) and (γ, np) results to obtain a “total” photodisintegration cross section for 64 Zn.
A pregnant woman's fear of her baby.

Received November 10, 1999; revised March 16, 2000; accepted May 31, 2000. From the Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Brenes. Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157; e-mail: gbrenes@wfubmc.edu. Copyright 2000 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. It is not uncommon for women to experience pregnancyrelated anxiety, especially with respect to fear of the delivery, worry about death, and maternal separation. An often overlooked source of anxiety during pregnancy is fear of medical procedures, including blood draws and needle sticks, which are a standard part of prenatal care. Although fears of medical procedures are relatively common and such phobias may lead to decreased medical care, the effect of medical-procedures phobias on prenatal care has not been examined. We describe the successful treatment of a pregnant woman with numerous anxieties related to her pregnancy and prenatal care, including a fear of medical procedures and needles as well as emotional distress related to having a fetus living within her body.
Primitive, Atypical, and Abnormal-Psychotic Behavior in Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Children.

Five case reports are presented to illustrate primitive, atypical, and abnormal (or psychotic) behaviors, said to constitute the three most common types seen in institutionalized mentally retarded children and adolescents. Behavioral manifestations and specific approaches to management and treatment are related to the histories of 5 boys, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years and representing, respectively, primitive behavior amidst delayed development, atypical intra-familial communication patterns, atypical behavior response of the child from a closely knit family, childhood psychosis, and the rumination syndrome. Administrative implications and suggested guidelines for implementing specific diagnostic and treatment approaches to emotionally disturbed young patients are discussed within the context of redirected goals for appropriate institutions. It is suggested that such institutions should provide regional resource programs and facilities as back-up services for community-based programs for the mentally retarded.
Hydride formation in La1−xMgxNi2☆

A single-phase ternary compound with the C15 structure exists from LaNi2 to La0.33Mg0.67Ni2. The resulting compounds form hydrides at room temperature. Whilst LaNi2 forms a pseudo-amorphous hydride, partial magnesium substitution results in well-crystallized hydrides. This has to do with the diminishing rate of hydrogen uptake in magnesium-substituted materials providing slower heat evolution in the hydriding process. In desorption experiments at elevated temperatures the hydrides show a tendency to decompose into LaH3, MgH2 and nickel. Magnesium-rich specimens appear to evolve hydrogen at room temperature; however, desorption rates are slow. The implications of a local model for understanding the hydriding behavior in disordered (positional entropy) materials are discussed.