cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polarizable charge equilibration model for predicting accurate electrostatic interactions in molecules and solids

Electrostatic interactions play a critical role in determining the properties, structures, and dynamics of chemical, biochemical, and material systems. These interactions are described well at the level of quantum mechanics (QM) but not so well for the various models used in force field simulations of these systems. We propose and validate a new general methodology, denoted PQEq, to predict rapidly and dynamically the atomic charges and polarization underlying the electrostatic interactions. Here the polarization is described using an atomic sized Gaussian shaped electron density that can polarize away from the core in response to internal and external electric fields, while at the same time adjusting the charge on each core (described as a Gaussian function) so as to achieve a constant chemical potential across all atoms of the system. The parameters for PQEq are derived from experimental atomic properties of all elements up to Nobelium (atomic no. = 102). We validate PQEq by comparing to QM interaction energy as probe dipoles are brought along various directions up to 30 molecules containing H, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, and Cl atoms. We find that PQEq predicts interaction energies in excellent agreement with QM, much better than other common charge models such as obtained from QM using Mulliken or ESP charges and those from standard force fields (OPLS and AMBER). Since PQEq increases the accuracy of electrostatic interactions and the response to external electric fields, we expect that PQEq will be useful for a large range of applications including ligand docking to proteins, catalytic reactions, electrocatalysis, ferroelectrics, and growth of ceramics and films, where it could be incorporated into standard force fields as OPLS, AMBER, CHARMM, Dreiding, ReaxFF, and UFF.
Phenomenology of the Inapparent

Phenomenology is traditionally considered to be a thought of presence, assigned to a phenomenon that is identified with the present being, or with an object for consciousness. In all cases, the phenomenon with which phenomenology is concerned always seems to be accessible to a conscious experience. Indeed, consciousness itself is nothing but a form of presence, i.e., a presence to self. As a thought of presence, and of presence to consciousness (itself, then, a form of presence), phenomenology would know nothing of the unconscious. However, I will suggest in the following pages that phenomenology is haunted by the presence of a certain unappearing dimension, an alterity that escapes presentation, which led Heidegger to characterize the most authentic sense of phenomenology as a “phenomenology of the inapparent.” I show how the “inapparent” plays in phenomenality and in phenomenology, stressing its ethical import as this withdrawal of presence within phenomena involves a responsibility to the otherness of a secret. Ultimately, this secret is a dimension that constantly haunts phenomenology, and to which it belongs, whether it knows it or not.
A transformed path integral approach for solution of the Fokker–Planck equation

Abstract A novel path integral (PI) based method for solution of the Fokker–Planck equation is presented. The proposed method, termed the transformed path integral (TPI) method, utilizes a new formulation for the underlying short-time propagator to perform the evolution of the probability density function (PDF) in a transformed computational domain where a more accurate representation of the PDF can be ensured. The new formulation, based on a dynamic transformation of the original state space with the statistics of the PDF as parameters, preserves the non-negativity of the PDF and incorporates short-time properties of the underlying stochastic process. New update equations for the state PDF in a transformed space and the parameters of the transformation (including mean and covariance) that better accommodate nonlinearities in drift and non-Gaussian behavior in distributions are proposed (based on properties of the SDE). Owing to the choice of transformation considered, the proposed method maps a fixed grid in transformed space to a dynamically adaptive grid in the original state space. The TPI method, in contrast to conventional methods such as Monte Carlo simulations and fixed grid approaches, is able to better represent the distributions (especially the tail information) and better address challenges in processes with large diffusion, large drift and large concentration of PDF. Additionally, in the proposed TPI method, error bounds on the probability in the computational domain can be obtained using the Chebyshev's inequality. The benefits of the TPI method over conventional methods are illustrated through simulations of linear and nonlinear drift processes in one-dimensional and multidimensional state spaces. The effects of spatial and temporal grid resolutions as well as that of the diffusion coefficient on the error in the PDF are also characterized.
Shakespeare's Global Weirding: Macbeth's Posting of "Anthropos," Cinematization, and the Era of Extinction

"In global weirding, “nature” or the “natural” has become, not “unearthly,” but all too earthly. The occluded term at the peripheries names an unseeable and untrackable backloop that feeds off its acceleration in advance to the cognitive reactions or defenses that reconstitute the public memes and hermeneutic rituals of a post-fact society running on circular postings, as if spellbound in a cinematic circuit, unable to project futures other than tomorrows that resemble its imaginary. From a certain point of view, Shakespeare did not provide the vocabulary of modernity and personae, except as a revocation. Weird, exhumed from extinction as a word, circulated as a staining mesh and anagrammatic monster, bearing extinction as the weird sisters bear the gift of Macbeth’s ascent and revoked future at once, would, demurely and like an eviscerating emoji, virtually haunt the Globe. One might say that that which is irreversible has become irreversible, is fated, destined, and what amounts to being inscribed in the arc of “Anthropos” (if he exists or existed as such). Depending on the moment of cognizance, one cannot remove from the apparatus Macbeth’s bumbling and self-referential drive to decrypt or read the aprophetic words themselves as agency and factor in assuming the modus operandi of an algorithmic backloop."
Albert Ellis, rational therapy and the media of ‘modern’ emotional management:

This article explores the development of therapeutic psychological techniques for emotional management as exemplified by Albert Ellis’s development of rational therapy (RT) in the 1950s and 1960s. ...
Kinetic Monte Carlo Study of Li Intercalation in LiFePO4.

Even as a commercial cathode material, LiFePO4 remains of tremendous research interest for understanding Li intercalation dynamics. The partially lithiated material spontaneously separates into Li-poor and Li-rich phases at equilibrium. Phase segregation is a surprising property of LiFePO4 given its high measured rate capability. Previous theoretical studies, aiming to describe Li intercalation in LiFePO4, include both atomic-scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations of static Li distributions and entire-particle-scale phase field models, based upon empirical parameters, studying the dynamics of the phase separation. Little effort has been made to bridge the gap between these two scales. In this work, DFT calculations are used to fit a cluster expansion for the basis of kinetic Monte Carlo calculations, which enables long time scale simulations with accurate atomic interactions. This atomistic model shows how the phases evolve in LixFePO4 without parameters from experiments. Our simulations revea...
A New Flavonoid Regulates Angiogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production

The tumor vascular system, which is critical to the survival and growth of solid tumors, has been an attractive target for anticancer research. Building on studies that show that some flavonoids have anticancer vascular effects, we developed and analyzed the flavonoid derivative R24 [3, 6-bis (2-oxiranylmethoxy)-9H-xanthen-9-one]. A CAM assay revealed that R24 disrupted neovascular formation; fewer dendrites were detected and overall dendritic length was shorter in the R24-treated chicken embryos. The antiproliferative effect of R24 was measured by MTT assay in A549 (lung cancer), AsPC-1 (pancreatic cancer), HCT-116 (colorectal cancer), and PC-3 (prostate cancer) cell lines. R24 reduced proliferation with an IC50 of 3.44, 3.59, 1.22, and 11.83 μM, respectively. Cell-cycle analysis and Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining showed that R24 induced apoptosis. In addition, R24 regulated intracellular ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. CM-H2DCFDA staining indicated that intracellular ROS production increased with the R24 dose. In summary, we found that R24 exhibits potent antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effects, induces apoptosis, and promotes ROS production.
Cancer survivorship care plans: Processes, effective strategies, and challenges in a Northern Plains rural state.

OBJECTIVES Health systems face resource and time barriers to developing and implementing cancer survivorship care plans (SCPs) when active cancer treatment is completed. To address this problem, the South Dakota (SD) Department of Health partnered with two of SD's largest health systems to create the SD Survivorship Program. The purpose of this program evaluation study was to describe and compare SCP development and implementation at the two health systems. DESIGN & SAMPLE A descriptive qualitative design was used. Interview participants were instrumental in the development and implementation of SCPs within their respective health system. MEASURES Content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. RESULTS The two health systems used similar processes for (a) early designation of program personnel, (b) developing SCP templates, (c) provider/staff input, and (d) identifying/tracking eligible patients. In contrast, they developed differing processes for SCP completion and delivery. The two health systems also identified effective strategies and challenges in SCP development and implementation. CONCLUSION This evaluation suggests that partnerships between state health departments and local health systems could be key for meeting the nation-wide goal of universal SCP implementation. Particularly, other low-population rural states like SD can use the findings to help build their SCP programs.
Intellectual Brilliance and Presidential Performance: Why Pure Intelligence (or Openness) Doesn’t Suffice

In recent years it has become popular on the internet to debate the IQ of the incumbent president of the United States. Yet, these controversies (and hoaxes) presume that IQ has some relevance to understanding the president’s actual performance as the nation’s leader. This assumption is examined by reviewing the empirical research on the intelligence–performance association in political leadership, with a special focus on U.S. presidents. The review starts by discussing at-a-distance assessment techniques, a method that has yielded reliable and valid measures of IQ, Intellectual Brilliance, and Openness to Experience; three correlated even if separable concepts. The discussion then turns to the reliable and valid measurement of presidential performance—or “greatness”—via successive surveys of hundreds of experts. These two lines of research then converged on the emergence of a six-predictor equation, in which Intellectual Brilliance plays a major role, to the exclusion of both IQ and Openness. The greatest presidents are those who feature wide interests, and who are artistic, inventive, curious, intelligent, sophisticated, complicated, insightful, wise, and idealistic (but who are far from being either dull or commonplace). These are the personal traits we should look for in the person who occupies the nation’s highest office if we seek someone most likely to solve the urgent problems of today and tomorrow.
Experimental study of CO2 diluted, piloted, turbulent CH4/air premixed flames using high-repetition-rate OH PLIF

Abstract High-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was applied to turbulent premixed flames with CO2 addition. Instantaneous PLIF images capturing emissions from the OH radical via the A2Σ-X2Π (1,0) band were collected. Three flames with varying levels of CO2 addition were established at the same adiabatic flame temperature, Reynolds number, and Lewis number, thereby minimizing the effects of differences in flame temperature and transport. The chemical effects of CO2 addition were investigated through critical combustion parameters revealing turbulent flamelet structure and burning velocity. The flamelet structure analysis suggests that the development of the mean flame brush thickness follows the turbulent diffusion law with a secondary effect introduced by CO2 addition. The flame surface density of these flames is affected by CO2 addition mainly through modification of mean progress variable distributions. The flame length is extended by CO2 addition with an enhancement of unburned pocket formation in the downstream portion of the flame. The apparent size and consumption speed of the fine scale unburned reactant pockets are similar among flames with varying CO2 addition. The global consumption speed of flames with CO2 addition is reduced predominantly by a reduction in the laminar flame speed. The global combustion intensity shows a constant value within uncertainty limits for flames with CO2 addition. The local combustion intensity before x/D = 1.5 is observed to be lower for the flames with CO2 addition due to the attenuation of pocket formation in the flame brush development region. Its effect on global combustion intensity is counterbalanced by the contribution of pocket formation process in the downstream portion of the flame.
Analyzing the subspace structure of related images: concurrent segmentation of image sets

We develop new algorithms to analyze and exploit the joint subspace structure of a set of related images to facilitate the process of concurrent segmentation of a large set of images. Most existing approaches for this problem are either limited to extracting a single similar object across the given image set or do not scale well to a large number of images containing multiple objects varying at different scales. One of the goals of this paper is to show that various desirable properties of such an algorithm (ability to handle multiple images with multiple objects showing arbitary scale variations) can be cast elegantly using simple constructs from linear algebra: this significantly extends the operating range of such methods. While intuitive, this formulation leads to a hard optimization problem where one must perform the image segmentation task together with appropriate constraints which enforce desired algebraic regularity (e.g., common subspace structure). We propose efficient iterative algorithms (with small computational requirements) whose key steps reduce to objective functions solvable by max-flow and/or nearly closed form identities. We study the qualitative, theoretical, and empirical properties of the method, and present results on benchmark datasets.
The Magic of Paradox: How Advertising Ideas Transform Art into Business and the Ordinary into the Extraordinary

Malefyt offers an intriguing analysis of how commercial advertising operates as a magical network of paradoxes. As an aesthetic art form and also business enterprise, advertising enlists an elite few of advertising creatives to transform ordinary mass products into unique aspirational ideals through idea creation. The process begins with transient idea ephemera but, through networked transformations, it solidifies ideas into human relationships and advertised product goods across contexts and audiences. Malefyt identifies three elements—the magician, formula, and rite (also recognized by Mauss and Malinowski)—as essential to magical production and network connections. The chapter concludes by revealing how symbolic power and authority in advertising are surrounded by contradiction and ambiguity, which enable the manipulation of reality as a key feature of magic, both inside and outside advertising agencies.
Human liver contains two populations of NK cells based on CD49e expression

Natural killer cells are a subset of innate immune lymphocytes that can kill transformed and infected cells, and produce cytokines that modulate the host immune response. Previous studies on human NK cells have primarily characterized NK cells isolated from peripheral blood. However, studies in mice from our lab and others indicate an additional tissue-resident NK (trNK) population that does not re-circulate in contrast to conventional NK (cNK). When the mouse liver was excised and flushed with saline, trNK cells were detected, indicating that the trNK cells reside in the liver sinusoidal space. Recent studies to identify trNK cells in the human liver have concentrated on the differential expression of CD56-dim/bright populations of NK cells and also CD49a, a marker we previously defined for mouse trNK cells in the liver. Herein we obtained samples from liver transplantation cadaveric donors. Matching donor venous blood and serial liver saline flushes were studied. Our preliminary data identifies a subset of putative liver-trNK cells based on lack of CD49e expression which appeared in the terminal liver flush aliquot and was not present in earlier liver flushes nor peripheral blood whereas CD49a expression was not discriminatory. Mass cytometry experiments with cytometry by time-of-flight instrument and a panel of 42 antibodies corroborated these findings. Interestingly, the liver-resident CD49e − cells have elevated EOMES but lower Tbet expression which contrasts the CD49a + trNK cell populations in human and mouse liver. Finally, the putative trNK cells express different killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) repertoire than cNK cells thus, a unique population of trNK cells that reside in the sinusoidal space of the human liver.
Nutrition and the Neurologic Patient

Acute neurological injury is known to be associated with a catabolic state which can be associated with complications such as secondary brain injury, hospital-acquired infections, multiple organ dysfunction, and prolonged mechanical ventilation, all of which can impair recovery. Additionally, in acute brain injuries, there is often associated dysphagia, prolonged partial or complete immobilization, and other metabolic pathways that need to be considered when assessing nutritional status and devising targeted therapies. Therefore, nutrition is not only for support of metabolic processes but for therapy to attenuate catabolic state, oxidative cellular injury, and immune responses.
The Nuclear Physics Uncertainty on Kilonova Heating Rates and the Role of Fission

The detection of an electromagnetic counterpart to GW170817 suggests that r-process elements are produced in neutron star mergers. This electromagnetic counterpart has been modeled as a kilonova, which is a light curve thought to be powered mainly from the radioactive decay of heavy elements formed. We investigate uncertainties on the nuclear heating from the nuclear physics inputs of nucleosynthesis simulations. Using 12 theoritical mass models in regions where experimental mass measurements are unavailable, we find that the uncertainty in the total nuclear heating rate is a factor of a few. The \(\beta \)-decay is the dominating heating channel at about 1 day after merger for all 12 mass models. The energy contribution from fission are not neglectable at around one day.
Electronic Health Records in Ophthalmology: Source and Method of Documentation.

Purpose This study analyzed and quantified the sources of electronic health record (EHR) text documentation in ophthalmology progress notes. Design EHR documentation review and analysis. Methods S etting : a single academic ophthalmology department. S tudy population : a cohort study conducted between November 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, using secondary EHR data and a follow-up manual review of a random samples. The cohort study included 123,274 progress notes documented by 42 attending providers. These notes were for patients with the 5 most common primary International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, version 10, parent codes for each provider. For the manual review, 120 notes from 8 providers were randomly sampled. Main outcome measurements were characters or number of words in each note categorized by attribution source, author type, and time of creation. Results Imported text entries made up the majority of text in new and return patients, 2,978 characters (77%) and 3,612 characters (91%). Support staff members authored substantial portions of notes; 3,024 characters (68%) of new patient notes, 3,953 characters (83%) of return patient notes. Finally, providers completed large amounts of documentation after clinical visits: 135 words (35%) of new patient notes, 102 words (27%) of return patient notes. Conclusions EHR documentation consists largely of imported text, is often authored by support staff, and is often written after the end of a visit. These findings raise questions about documentation accuracy and utility and may have implications for quality of care and patient-provider relationships.
SWIR windows as an adjunctive to biopsy for distinguishing and monitoring benign and malignant tissues

The short wavelength infrared (SWIR) region (1000-2500 nm) has three near-infrared (NIR) windows (1100-1350 nm, 1600-1870 and 2100-2350 nm). These windows have received increased attention in imaging and spectroscopy. We investigated the total attenuation lengths (lt) (based on absorption and scattering properties of light) through human normal and malignant prostate and breast tissues. It was found, using window III (at a wavelength of 1700 nm), that lt from prostate normal and cancerous tissues were 589 and 216 microns, whereas lt from breast normal and cancerous tissues were 271 and 106 microns. This non-invasive SWIR technique can show how prostate and breast cancer are different from normal prostate and breast. This could be important for patients who have hundreds of potential tumors, in which numerous biopsies are not possible. Important examples include patients with multiple skin, lung or bowel lesions. For example, patients with Von Recklinghausen’s Disease (neurofibromatosis), which occurs in about one in 2800 people, may have multiple (perhaps hundreds) of benign tumors, but have a markedly increased risk of developing cancer. These lesions are far too many to biopsy. Patients may be multiple lipomas. Many patients have numerous polyps in the small or large bowel which are not malignant, but may become so. It is very common in parts of the country that many inhabitants there have multiple “cannonball” lesions on chest x-ray that may be cancer, sarcoidosis or areas of fungal (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis etc.) accumulation. In addition, when patient has multiple lesions, they can also be monitored at frequent intervals to see if there are changes in any suspicious lesions.
A comparison of online and in-person counseling outcomes using solution-focused brief therapy for college students with anxiety

This study compared online, synchronous video counseling to in-person counseling using solution-focused brief therapy for college students with mild to moderate anxiety. Participants: Participants ...
Empirical Assessment of Typical versus Maximal Responding in Behavior Description Interviews

The purpose of this investigation was to provide a direct assessment of typical versus maximal responding in a Behavior Description Interview. A total of 109 participants were recruited from three ...
Connecting Journalism and Public Policy: New Concerns and Continuing Challenges

This Introduction to this special issue on Policy Issues in Digital Journalism explores the reasons why this is a particularly important time for scholars to be exploring policy issues in digital j...
If you build it, they will come: rapid colonization by dragonflies in a new effluent-dependent river reach

Background Aquatic ecosystems are greatly altered by urban development, including the complete loss of natural habitat due to water diversions or channel burial. However, novel freshwater habitats also are created in cities, such as effluent-dependent streams that rely on treated wastewater for flow. It is unclear how diverse these novel ecosystems are, or how quickly aquatic species are able to colonize them. In this study, we (1) quantify odonate (Insecta, Odonata) colonization of a novel effluent-dependent river reach, (2) examine how drying events affect odonates in these novel habitats, and (3) explore whether effluent-dependent streams can support diverse odonate assemblages. Methods We conducted monthly odonate surveys at three sites along the Santa Cruz River (Tucson, AZ, USA) between June 2019 and May 2020. One site was in a long-established effluent-dependent reach (flowing since the 1970s) that served as a reference site and two sites were in a newly-established reach that began flowing on June 24, 2019 (it was previously dry). We compared odonate species richness, assemblage composition, and colonization patterns across these reaches, and examined how these factors responded to flow cessation events in the new reach. Results Seven odonate species were observed at the study sites in the new reach within hours of flow initiation, and species rapidly continued to arrive thereafter. Within 3 months, species richness and assemblage composition of adult odonates were indistinguishable in the new and reference reaches. However, drying events resulted in short-term and chronic reductions in species richness at one of the sites. Across all three sites, we found over 50 odonate species, which represent nearly 40% of species known from the state of Arizona. Discussion Odonates were surprisingly diverse in the effluent-dependent Santa Cruz River and rapidly colonized a newly established reach. Richness levels remained high at study sites that did not experience drying events. These results suggest that consistent discharge of high-quality effluent into dry streambeds can be an important tool for promoting urban biodiversity. However, it remains to be seen how quickly and effectively less vagile taxa (e.g., mayflies, caddisflies) can colonize novel reaches. Effluent-dependent urban streams will always be highly managed systems, but collaboration between ecologists and urban planners could help to maximize aquatic biodiversity while still achieving goals of public safety and urban development.
The genomic signature of ecological divergence along the benthic-limnetic axis in allopatric and sympatric threespine stickleback

The repeated occurrence of similar phenotypes in independent lineages (i.e., parallel evolution) in response to similar ecological conditions can provide compelling insights into the process of adaptive evolution. An intriguing question is to what extent repeated phenotypic changes are underlain by repeated changes at the genomic level and whether patterns of genomic divergence differ with the geographic context in which populations evolve. Here, we combined genomic, morphological and ecological data sets to investigate the genomic signatures of divergence across populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that adapted to contrasting ecological niches (benthic or limnetic) in either sympatry or allopatry. We found that genome-wide differentiation (FST ) was an order of magnitude higher and substantially more repeatable for sympatric benthic and limnetic specialists compared to allopatric populations with similar levels of ecological divergence. We identified genomic regions consistently differentiated between sympatric ecotypes that were also differentiated between or associated with benthic vs. limnetic niche in allopatric populations. These candidate regions were enriched on three chromosomes known to be involved in the benthic-limnetic divergence of threespine stickleback. Some candidate regions overlapped with QTL for body shape and trophic traits such as gill raker number, traits that strongly differ between benthic and limnetic ecotypes. In summary, our study shows that magnitude and repeatability of genomic signatures of ecological divergence in threespine stickleback highly depend on the geographic context. The identified candidate regions provide starting points to identify functionally important genes for the adaptation to benthic and limnetic niches.
Liver simulated allocation model does not effectively predict organ offer decisions for pediatric liver transplant candidates

The SRTR maintains the liver-simulated allocation model (LSAM), a tool for estimating the impact of changes to liver allocation policy. Integral to LSAM is a model that predicts the decision to accept or decline a liver for transplant. LSAM implicitly assumes these decisions are made identically for adult and pediatric liver transplant (LT) candidates, which has not been previously validated. We applied LSAM's decision-making models to SRTR offer data from 2013 to 2016 to determine its efficacy for adult (≥18) and pediatric (<18) LT candidates, and pediatric subpopulations-teenagers (≥12 to <18), children (≥2 to <12), and infants (<2)-using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). For nonstatus 1A candidates, all pediatric subgroups had higher rates of offer acceptance than adults. For non-1A candidates, LSAM's model performed substantially worse for pediatric candidates than adults (AUC 0.815 vs. 0.922); model performance decreased with age (AUC 0.898, 0.806, 0.783 for teenagers, children, and infants, respectively). For status 1A candidates, LSAM also performed worse for pediatric than adult candidates (AUC 0.711 vs. 0.779), especially for infants (AUC 0.618). To ensure pediatric candidates are not unpredictably or negatively impacted by allocation policy changes, we must explicitly account for pediatric-specific decision making in LSAM.
Towards an alternative interpretation of the socio-cultural dimensions of urban greenspace planning in the Global South: Evidence from the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana

Many scholars offer alternatives to Global North theories on urban governance, access to socioeconomic opportunities, and informality in the Global South. Yet, these alternative arguments have scar...
Stress Fractures in Sport: Shoulder

Athletes who perform repetitive tasks with the upper extremity are at risk to develop stress fractures about the shoulder girdle. Stress fractures about the shoulder girdle account for 10% of all stress fractures, and the vast majority of these injuries are reported in rowers and throwing athletes (Jones, Clin Sports Med 25: 159–174, 2006; Verma, Am J Orthop 12: 848–860, 2001; Matheson et al., Am J Sports Med 15: 46–58, 1987; Fredericson et al., Top Magn Reson Imaging 17: 309–325, 2006; Brukner, Sports Med 26: 415–424, 1998; Allen, Radiology 167: 799–801, 1988). The other 90% of stress fractures occur predominantly in the lower extremity. The most common mechanisms for these injuries involve repetitive bony torsion, weight bearing, and muscle contraction overload about the proximal humerus, scapula, and clavicle (the shoulder girdle). Any athlete complaining of the non-traumatic onset of pain in the upper extremity that occurs during or after the repetitive activity should raise concern for a stress injury or fracture (Jones, Clin Sports Med 25: 159–174, 2006). Most of these injuries are low-risk and do not require surgical stabilization. The vast majority of patients may be treated with a period of relative rest, complete rest, or activity modification with improved biomechanics and nutritional support. These treatments ultimately allow for fracture healing and full return to sport. An understanding of the most common locations of upper extremity stress fractures and their associated causative activities is key for rapid diagnosis and targeted treatment initiation.
Enabling Best Practices for Cardiac Radioablation Through a Remote Education and Peer Review Program.

Purpose/Objective(s) Noninvasive cardiac radioablation (CRA) is increasingly used for treatment of high-risk ventricular tachycardia (VT). In an effort to promote consistency and disseminate best practices learned from our experience and that of other centers, we developed a remote education and peer review program via our Center for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation (CNCR). We report structure and international engagement via the CNCR program. Materials/Methods Centers that contacted CNCR with interest in starting a CRA program were provided with a digital packet of relevant literature on CRA, as well as brief guidance documents for optimizing simulation, image reorientation, and targeting. An introductory video call was scheduled with representatives from electrophysiology and radiation oncology between the site and CNCR. A consistent set of topics was discussed with each center in light of their local capabilities, including general principles of patient selection, targeting, simulation, motion management, treatment planning, delivery, and follow-up, and when appropriate, regulatory and billing issues. To facilitate consistent approaches to discussion of targeting, the American Heart Association 17-segment model construct was employed. For centers with a potential CRA case(s), interactive peer review was accomplished for targeting and planning, with the final decision for treatment at the discretion of the treating centers. Results From 2019 to present, 50 centers have engaged with CNCR through our program, representing 11 countries across 5 continents. Following initial engagement, 35/50 (70%) have treated at least one patient (range, 1-7), with 82 patients treated to date. Ninety-seven percent (34/35) of centers have maintained active engagement with CNCR following initial treatment of their first patient. Subsequently, three of those centers have develop prospective IDE trials through the FDA. All centers have committed to engagement in a newly established international registry and enrollment on developing clinical trials. Conclusion Cardiac radioablation is undergoing rapid uptake as a potential treatment for patients with high-risk VT, with the potential for wide variability in implementation. The CNCR remote education and peer review program has enabled rapid engagement with centers around the world, with a focus on best practices, establishing relationships for mutual sharing and collaboration, and encouraging prospective evaluation of safety and efficacy for CRA.
Reliability Analysis of Great Lakes Marine Diesels: State of the Art and Current Modeling

Some essential steps for the application of reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) techniques to marine diesel engines are presented. The paper begins with a summary of the basic concepts of reliability engineering, followed by a survey of the relevant literature on RAM applications to the marine industry and to marine diesel engines in particular. Next, the results of an informal survey of the reliability, maintenance, and replacement practices of Great Lakes operators are presented. Finally, the first two steps for a RAM application, failure modes and effects analysis and fault tree analysis, are introduced and applied for a prototype Colt-Pielstick marine diesel engine.
Agricultural Policies in the Next Decade: A Global Perspective

Many countries around the world either tax agriculture or provide subsidies through trade and agricultural policies. This paper presents historical developments in the United States, European Union, Canada, China, India, and Thailand, which generally subsidize agriculture although the level of subsidization has decreased because of the significant rise in commodity prices. While progress has been made in lowering tariff and non-tariff barriers around the world with positive outcomes, the future progress in this area is questionable as evidenced by the Doha Round trade talks. Policy makers are now grappling with how to deal with price instability, uncertainty, and rising food prices. Keywords : agricultural policy, trade distortion, price instability, subsidies, taxes JEL Classification : F13, Q28, Q38
Electrode kinetics with specifically adsorbed reactants

Summary A series of isothiocyanate complexes of chromium(III) have been studied with regard to their adsorption on mercury and the kinetics of their reduction in the specifically adsorbed state. Rate-potential data at a constant reactant coverage have been analyzed using a theoretical relation derived in a companion paper, and a clear correlation established between these kinetic parameters and the corresponding potential dependence of the adsorption free energies of the adsorbed reactants and products. These, in turn, are closely related to the electronic structure of the adsorbed complexes. Intrinsic transfer coefficients for electrontransfer reactions were evaluated. Some qualitative relationships between the adsorption parameters, relative reactivity and the rate-coverage dependence at constant potential were noted. Diffuse layer effects on the reduction rates of adsorbed reactants are also described.
FAYETTEVILLE GREEN LAKE, NEW YORK. III. THE LAMINATED SEDIMENTS1

The surficial sediments of Fayetteville Green Lake show laminated and unlaminated beds. Couplets of a basal pale and an overlying dark lamina are varves. Unlaminated beds are probably deposited from density currents. yr-l dry wt or 0.05 g cm-’ yr-l CaCOa. Varve sedimentation averages 0.07 g cm-’ Turbidites account for 40 to 65% total sediment accumulation,
New perspectives on islam in senegal: Conversion, migration, wealth, power, and femininity

The literature on Islam in Mrica has been dominated by two main tracks: the making of Muslim societies and the “Africanization of Islam.”1 It has tended to reproduce a reductive binary in which the processes of “Africanization” provide content, selecting the local factors that constitute the key drivers in determining the character of Islam in Africa, while the “Islamization of African societies” lays out the structures from which the faith deploys itself. The issues with which scholars engaged were constructed around additional binaries such as universal and local manifestations and appropriations of Islam, literate (doctrinal modes) and magical (imagistic modes) discourses and practices,2 individual religious responsibility and submission to religious leaders, and spirituality and economic and political functions of the brotherhoods.3
The safety of multiple oral immunotherapy in phase one studies at a single center

Background There are over 15 million people with food allergies, 38% of which suffer from more than 1 food allergy. With increasing interest in oral immunotherapy (OIT) as a potential treatment, the safety of ingesting known allergens is a major concern. Little to no data are available for OIT with multiple simultaneous allergens. Also, the effect of omalizumab as adjunctive therapy in rush multi OIT had not been investigated.
The Meat Business:Devouring a Hungry Planet

The Meat Business: Devouring. Hungry Planet. Geoff Tansey and Joyce D'Silva. eds. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.
Excitonic radiative dynamics in multiple quantum wells

The fundamental intrinsic radiative process associated with excitons in semiconductor multiple quantum wells is discussed within the context of exciton polaritons. Multiple quantum wells in which each well is randomly displaced from its ideal periodic position are discussed in order to investigate the effect of disorder on excitonic radiative widths. The coherent transpori of excitons in multiple quantum wells is discussed.
A model of competing selling mechanisms

Abstract A model where sellers choose sequentially between any two selling mechanisms is studied. With monotonicity and minimum mechanism difference, there exists a unique equilibrium where all sellers choose the mechanism of higher per-seller surplus at a critical number of sellers.
Stability of Unstable Learning Algorithms

We introduce graphical learning algorithms and use them to produce bounds on error deviance for unstable learning algorithms which possess a partial form of stability. As an application we obtain error deviance bounds for support vector machines (SVMs) with variable offset parameter.
CATALYST EFFECTIVENESS FACTORS UNDER GAS-TO-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER LIMITING REGIME IN LIQUID PHASE METHANOL SYNTHESIS PROCESS

ABSTRACT The effectiveness factors of methanol synthesis catalyst were experimentally measured under condition of gas-to-liquid mass transfer limiting regime in the liquid phase methanol synthesis process, where the synthesis catalyst is slurried in an inert liquid phase. The experimental measurements of effectiveness factors were based on an intrinsic methanol synthesis rate per unit mass of catalyst (gmol/kg cat.h) which is not limited by external mass transfer. The experiments were carried out under well-defined conditions of temperature, pressure, syngas feed flow rate, and impeller speed. The experiments were carried out in a 1-L stirred autoclave. The catalyst slurry ratios were varied from 10 g in 550 mL of Witco-40 oil (corresponding to a slurry ratio of 2.2%) to 150 g in 550 mLof Witco-40 oil (corresponding to a slurry ratio of 25.1%). The experimental measurements have been summarized in one single plot as generalized catalyst effectiveness factor as a function of catalyst slurry ratio. The resu...
Small Proline-Rich Proteins Are Cross-Bridging Proteins in the Cornified Cell Envelopes of Stratified Squamous Epithelia☆☆☆

The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a specialized structure which contributes barrier function to stratified squamous epithelial cells. It is composed of an amalgam of several structural proteins that are rendered insoluble by isopeptide bond crosslinking by transglutaminases. One set of the structural proteins present in CEs of most such epithelia are the small proline rich (SPR) proteins, which are a family of about 12 related structural proteins. We have recovered a large number of peptides containing isopeptide crosslinks, including 236 involving SPR proteins, following proteolysis of CEs isolated from foreskin epidermal tissue and cultured epidermal keratinocytes. Analysis of this database has provided novel information on their function. First, we found that SPRs became crosslinked to many other structural proteins within the CE. Second, multiple glutamine and lysine residues located only on the amino- and carboxy-termini of the SPR proteins were involved in crosslinking, so that the two ends are functionally equivalent. Third, the SPRs functioned as cross-bridging proteins, by directly adjoining other CE structural proteins. In the specialized case of the epidermal CE, the SPRs cross-bridged between loricrin. In cultured keratinocytes which make little loricrin and serve as a model for internal stratified squamous epithelia, the SPRs formed extensive cross-bridges among themselves. Thus SPRs are ubiquitous cross-bridging proteins whose differential expression patterns apparently reflect specific barrier requirements of different epithelia.
Experimental study of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes during the current ramp in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Experiments conducted in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak have explored the physics of reversed shear Alfven eigenmodes (RSAEs) during the current ramp. The frequency evolution of the RSAEs during the current ramp provides a constraint on the evolution of qmin, a result which is important in transport modeling and for comparison with other diagnostics which directly measure the magnetic field line structure. Additionally, a scaling of the RSAE minimum frequency with the sound speed is used to derive bounds on the adiabatic index, a measure of the plasma compressibility. This scaling places the adiabatic index at 1.40 ± 0.15 and supports the kinetic calculation of separate electron and ion compressibilities with an ion adiabatic index close to 7/4.
Electrochemistry of nickel (111) in alkaline electrolytes

The electrochemical properties of Ni(111) prepared and characterized in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by surface analytical techniques have been examined by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M KOH electrolytes using a UHV/electrochemical cell transfer system. For most of the experiments, a protecting c(4[times]2)-CO overlayer was adsorbed on the Ni(111) surface prior to the transfer, to decrease the extent of contamination with adventitious gas-phase dioxygen, and later removed by electrochemical oxidation. Coulometric analyses of the cyclic voltammetry curves for both bare and CO-protected Ni(111) surfaces in the range between 1.2 and 1.5 V vs RHE indicate that the electrochemically-formed, redox-active hydrous oxide layer involves a charge equivalent to 1 (for the first few cycles) to about 1.5 (for 20 or more cycles) monolayers of Ni(111) metal atoms. In analogy with the behavior observed for nickel electrodes prepared by more conventional means, extensively cycled hydrated nickel oxide films displayed a shoulder on the negative side of the NiOOH reduction peak. Bare Ni(111) surfaces were found to yield much sharper redox peaks than their CO-protected counterparts. 22 refs., 4 figs.
Raman spectra of porcine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase

Raman spectra of porcine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase have been collected and analysed. The existence of weak hydrogen bonds is indicated by the intensity ratio of the tyrosine doublet and a band is found which can be attributed to disulfide bonds. The observed frequencies in the amide I and III regions favor significant contributions from α-helix and random conformations. An analysis of the intensities using standard methods predicts a very low β-sheet content.
Attitudes of primary care providers and recommendations of home blood pressure monitoring--DocStyles, 2010.

To assess primary care providers' (PCPs) opinions related to recommending home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) for their hypertensive patients, the authors analyzed a Web-based 2010 DocStyles survey, which included PCPs' demographics, health-related behaviors, recommendations on HBPM, views of patient knowledge, and use of continuing medical education. Of the 1254 PCPs who responded, 539 were family practitioners, 461 were internists, and 254 were nurse practitioners; 32% recommended HBPM to ≥90% of their patients and 26% recommended it to ≤40% of their patients. Nurse practitioners were significantly more likely to recommend HBPM than were internists (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.78). The top reasons for not recommending HBPM were “patient can't afford it” and “patient doesn't need it.” A total of 20% of PCPs indicated that their patients were poor to lower middle class; these PCPs were less likely to recommend HBPM to their patients than were those PCPs with most patients in higher economic classes. Additional efforts are needed to provide education to providers, especially physicians, about the benefits of HBPM in improved and cost-effective blood pressure control in the United States.