cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Social, Spatial, and Bioarchaeological Histories of Ancient Oman project: the mortuary landscape of Dhank

The Social, Spatial, and Bioarchaeological Histories of Ancient Oman (SoBO) project has conducted three seasons of survey and excavation in north-western Oman. Focus- ing on third-millennium BC archaeological features, this project is unique because of the combination of geospatial survey and bioarchaeological excavation of mortuary monuments in and around the town of Dhank. Here we report our initial findings, define our survey area and techniques and discuss excavated funerary structures and associated radiocarbon dates from both charcoal and human skeletal remains. This report presents preliminary results that introduce this new project on the prehistoric mortuary landscapes of Oman and highlight the techniques the SoBO team employs to examine Bronze Age communities in this rural location.
Successful medical management of recurrent emphysematous pyelonephritis

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is characterized by infection and gas formation in the renal parenchyma. This rare disorder tends to occur more frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus and urinary tract obstruction. In this case report, we describe a nondiabetic patient with Hinman syndrome who developed recurrent emphysematous pyelonephritis that was successfully treated with antibiotics on both occasions.
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits ritonavir-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries

Background HIV infection and treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir (RTV) have been associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease including pulmonary arterial hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine if nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a natural herbal antioxidant found in the creosote bush Larrea tridentate, can protect vascular tissues against RTV-induced vascular injury.
Are Ethnic Differences in Diagnosis of Childhood Psychopathology an Artifact of Psychometric Methods? An Experimental Evaluation of Harrington's Hypothesis Using Parent-Reported Symptomatology.

Abstract Based on a series of animal studies in the 1960s and 1970s, Harrington 1968 , Harrington 1975 , Harrington 1984 , Harrington 1988 , a developmental psychobiologist, hypothesized and subsequently provided what he believed was strong empirical evidence that the mean differences in scores evident on various measures of aptitude among different ethnic groups were the result of flawed psychometric methods used in test item selection. Since test-items traditionally are selected on the basis of total sample statistics, Harrington argued that the selection of items is affected primarily by the Whites (the numerical majority of a population proportionate sample) due to problems with classical test theory that cause items to favor the numerical majority of any test development sample. The present study constructed a human experimental model to test empirically Harrington’s hypothesis of race differences on a test assessing behavior and used data from the Parent Rating Scale (Adolescent form; PRS-A) from the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992 ). Three separate forms of the PRS-A were developed in which each ethnic group completely and separately was the test development population. According to Harrington, by developing homogeneous ethnic tests, each ethnic group should score in the direction of less pathology on their dedicated test. Results indicate that Harrington’s proposed effect is not evident for this set of behavioral data.
Acute sinusitis in adults. Difficult to diagnose, essential to treat.

PREVIEWAlthough commonly encountered in primary care, acute sinusitis is often misdiagnosed because the symptoms mimic those of other common illnesses. Early recognition and timely treatment are essential to avoid complications. Drs Kankam and Sallis clarify the confusing diagnostic problems associated with this condition and present their recommendations for effective management.
Blind adaptive decorrelating RAKE (DRAKE) downlink receiver for space-time block coded multipath CDMA

A downlink receiver is proposed for space-time block coded CDMA systems operating in multipath channels. By combining the powerful RAKE receiver concept for a frequency selective channel with space-time decoding, it is shown that the performance of mobile receivers operating in the presence of channel fading can be improved significantly. The proposed receiver consists of a bank of decorrelating filters designed to suppress the multiple access interference embedded in the received signal before the space-time decoding. The new receiver performs the space-time decoding along each resolvable multipath component and then the outputs are diversity combined to obtain the final decision statistic. The proposed receiver relies on a key constraint imposed on the output of each filter in the bank of decorrelating filters in order to maintain the space-time block code structure embedded in the signal. The proposed receiver can easily be adapted blindly, requiring only the desired user's signature sequence, which is also attractive in the context of wireless mobile communications. Simulation results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed receiver in multipath CDMA systems.
‘All my relatives’: Persons in Oglala religion

Ake Hultkrantz has insisted that religion is fundamentally rooted in a belief in the supernatural. Inherent in Hultkrantz's understanding of the supernatural is a dichotomy between ‘supernature’ and ‘nature’ which posits an ontological gap between the spiritual and material dimensions of existence. This essay challenges Hultkrantz's claims through an analysis of the Oglala concept of person. It suggests that the Oglala world view provides a quite different understanding, one which embodies a relational ontology and ethic. The essay concludes that such a world view is much more similar to the model described by A. Irving Hallowell in his analysis of the Ojibwa than to Hultkrantz's framework.
Evaluation of Aerodynamic Infrasound Radiating From Upwind and Downwind HAWTs

A Computational Fluid Dynamics tool is used to determine the detailed flow field developing around two-blade horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) in downwind and upwind configurations. The resulting flow field around the wind turbine is used to evaluate the low-frequency noise radiating to the far-field, using an acoustic analogy method. The influence of the variation of wind velocity and rotational speed of the rotor to the sound pressure level is analyzed. This paper shows that the tower shadow effect of a downwind configuration wind turbine generates higher aerodynamic infrasound when compared to a corresponding upwind configuration. For validation, a comparison between numerical results and experimental data consisting of sound pressure levels measured from a two-blade downwind configuration wind turbine is presented.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Gaussian Basis SCF Calculations for OH−, H2O, NH3, and CH4

Extensive SCF LCAO MO calculations utilizing comparable Gaussian basis sets for OH−, H2O, NH3, and CH4 give SCF energies of −75.377, −76.034, −56.201, and −40.198 a.u., respectively. An ad hominem assumption of an error of 0.03 a.u. due to an incomplete basis set in each calculation leads to estimates of −75.41, −76.06, −56.23, and −40.23 a.u., respectively, for the Hartree—Fock limits, and of −0.39, −0.38, −0.33, and −0.28 a.u., respectively, for the correlation energies of these molecules. Details of the use of linear combinations of Gaussian functions as bases in molecular calculations are presented. The results show that considerable computation time can be saved with little sacrifice in accuracy for well‐chosen combinations.
Adult mice lacking the p53/p63 target gene Perp are not predisposed to spontaneous tumorigenesis but display features of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes.

Adult mice lacking the p53/p63 target gene Perp are not predisposed to spontaneous tumorigenesis but display features of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes
Assessment of models for estimation of land-derived nitrogen loads to shallow estuaries

The performance of several models used to estimate land-derived N loads to shallow receiving estuaries are compared. Models included in the comparison differed in complexity and approach, and predicted either loads or concentrations in estuary water. In all cases, model predictions were compared to measured loads or concentrations, as appropriate. Measured N loads to 9 estuaries on Cape Cod, MA, were obtained as the product of mean concentrations in groundwater about to seep into estuaries multiplied by the annual recharge of groundwater. Measured annual mean N concentrations in estuaries were obtained by extensive sampling surveys. The validity of this procedure to measure loads was verified by comparison against seepage meter data. Responsiveness of model predictions was generally good: predictions increased significantly as measured values increased in 8 of the 10 models evaluated. Precision of predictions was significant for all models. Three models provided highly accurate predictions; correction terms were calculated that could be applied to predictions from the other models to improve accuracy. Four of the models provided reasonable predictive ability. Simulations were run with somewhat different versions of two of the models; in both cases, the modified versions yielded improved predictions. The more complex models tended to be more responsive and precise, but not necessarily more accurate or predictive. Simpler models are attractive because they demand less information for use, but models with more comprehensive formulations, and emphasis on processes tended to perform better. Different models predicted widely different partitioning of land-derived N loads from wastewater, fertilizers, and atmospheric deposition. This is of concern, because mitigation options would be based on such partitioning of predictions. Choice of model to be used in management decisions or for research purposes therefore is not a trivial decision.
Recruitment Methods for Intervention Research in Bereavement-Related Depression: Five Years' Experience

The authors compared various strategies for recruiting elderly subjects with bereavement-related depression into a randomized clinical trial. Over 5 years, they empaneled 65 patients from a total of 441 subjects screened (14.7%). Response to media advertisements was the single most effective strategy (54% of subjects). Another effective, but labor-intensive, strategy was using letters to bereaved spouses found through newspaper obituaries (14%); another 14% were referred by friends who had seen study advertisements. Information letters to healthcare providers yielded no study participants. Pathways to study participation did not differ as a function of race or gender and did not influence study retention or remission rates. Our experience suggests that successful intake depends on a personal mode of recruitment.
Preparation of fibrous cellulose formate by the action of thionyl chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide

Abstract Cotton cellulose yarn, either in the untreated state, or altered by swelling pretreatments involving mercerization or solvent-exchange, or both, reacts readily with solutions of thionyl chloride in N , N -dimethylformamide at room temperature. Subsequent hydrolysis produces cellulose formate as the major product; this derivative is presumably formed via reaction of the cellulose with the iminium salt, and a chlorodeoxycellulose. The reaction variables studied were the effect of ( a ) preswelling the cellulose in N , N -dimethylformamide, ( b ) the reaction time, ( c ) the concentration of thionyl chloride, and ( d ) the moisture content of the cotton prior to preswelling and reaction. The effect of various pretreatments on the type and rate of reaction which the cotton undergoes was also determined. The stability of the formyl group and of the sulfurous acid monoester group to hot water and to dilute ammonium hydroxide, as well as the tensile properties of yarns treated with thionyl chloride and N , N -dimethylformamide, were investigated.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Influence of Conformation on the Solvation Thermodynamics of 1,2-Dimethoxyethane and 1,2-Dimethoxypropane in Aqueous Solution

We have performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) in aqueous solution in order to compare the free energy, energy, and entropy of solvation of these ethers as well as to examine the influence of ether conformation on the thermodynamics of solvation. The free energy and energy of solvation were found to be highly favorable for both ethers, whereas the entropy of solvation was highly unfavorable, indicating that the ethers are strongly water-structuring. The free energy of solvation of DMP was found to be slightly more favorable than that of the smaller DME. However, scaling for molecular volume differences reveals that the solvation of DME is intrinsically more favorable than that of DMP. This difference was found to be energetic in origin, resulting from stronger water−ether interactions in the DME solution. DME was found to lead to a larger decrease in entropy upon solvation compared to DMP, indicating that a severe entropic penalty is ...
A formal approach to stochastic integration and differential equations

Stochastic integrals are defined using a differential rule and the fundamental theorem of calculus. It is shown that such integrals lead to the solution of stochastic differential equations driven by a single Wiener process or square integral sample path continuous martingale
New Mononuclear and Polynuclear Perfluoroarylmetalate Cocatalysts for Stereospecific Olefin Polymerization

Mononuclear and polynuclear perfluoroarylborate, -aluminate, and -gallate cocatalysts for metallocene-mediated olefin polymerization have been synthesized as trityl fluoride adducts of known perflu...
Multifunctional fiber optics networks for composite structures

Fiber-optic based sensors and sensor networks are being increasingly used for a variety of sensing applications in composite structures. In this paper, we propose a multifunctional fiber optic network configuration where the fiber-optic network can serve a dual role -- as a communications network and as a health monitoring system. This can be made possible through wavelength division multiplexing, which allows multiplexing of multiple wavelengths into a single fiber. For example, multi-axis fiber Bragg gratings operating at 1550 nm can be used to sense strain, temperature, humidity etc, while allowing use of 1310 nm wavelength for communications. The goal is to develop a smart network that can interrogate the state of the structure on demand using fiber-optic gratings and also use the same fiber-optic network for communication as a data bus integrated in the structure. Such architectures are desirable for applications such as next generation lightweight systems for military as well as commercial composites industry, where real-time monitoring and cross functionality are required of structural materials. A composite laminate was fabricated with an embedded fiber Bragg grating and subjected to a 3-point bending test, while being connected to a computer network. Network traffic in the composite and strain under 3-point bending were monitored simultaneously. Results show no network performance deterioration up to composite failure, thus allowing the same fiber to serve both as a data bus and a sensor system.
Estrogen promotes neuron addition to an avian song-control nucleus by regulating post-mitotic events

Abstract Only male zebra finches sing and several telencephalic song control regions exhibit sex differences in neuron number that presumably reflect effects of estrogen (E2) exerted during the first few posthatch weeks. That is, implanting females with E2 during this time masculinizes neuron number and instills the capacity for vocal behavior. In certain song regions, E2 masculinizes neuron number by preventing the naturally-occurring death of neurons, long after their production, migration and process outgrowth are complete. However, in the Higher Vocal Center (HVC), the cellular mechanisms by which E2 establishes sex differences in neuron number are poorly understood. In contrast with other song regions, HVC neurogenesis overlaps with sexual differentiation and the incorporation of new neurons is greater in young males and E2-treated females, than in normal females. However, it is not known whether E2 promotes the addition of HVC neurons by stimulating their production, specification, and/or survival. To address this issue we injected males and females with [ 3 H]thymidine on days 15 and 16 to label a small group of sexually dimorphic HVC neuronal cohorts born during sexual differentiation. Afterwards, on day 17, females were implanted with Silastic pellets filled with estradiol benzoate (EB) or left empty. We report here that EB exposure on day 17 masculinized (increased) the number of neurons in the HVC at day 35 that were labeled by [ 3 H]thymidine injections on days 15/16. Thus, EB was able to increase cell number among at least some HVC neuronal cohorts after their final division, implying estrogenic regulation of post-mitotic events . When viewed with other studies that have examined the development of sex differences in the HVC, our results suggest that during sexual differentiation E2 promotes the specification and/or early survival of HVC neurons.
Miao et al. reply

Replying to P. Rez & M. M. J. Treacy Nature503,http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12660(2013) Although we welcome Rez and Treacy’s comment1 on our paper2, we find—on the basis of the considerations below—that these authors do not provide concrete scientific evidence to support their arguments, and that their main statements are not consistent with our multislice simulations and experimental results using two independent filters.
THE STATE OF THE ART IN NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

ABSTRACT Recent needs assessment studies are reviewed, with I emphasis on the needs of adult learners and of needs assessors. Thriee general purposes of needs assessment are described: (1) providers cf educational services are interested in what their market (adult population) wants: (2) public agencies are interested in whether or not all segments of the population have equal access to educational programs: or (3) researchers are interested in furthering knowledge about the attitudes and interests of adult students. Brief examples a:e presented to illustrate what types of informaticn axe most useful for each type of needs assessment. Only one-third of the studies L.eviewed have effectively used the data they collected. Certain conclusions are predictable from any needsassessment because they have beet replicated so often: level of educational attainment is a positive predictor of interest and participation in further education, and interest and participation drop sharply after age 55. Respondent's opinions are fihaped by their current perceptions, rather than by their ability to imagine what might exist in the future: the surprising success of the Elderhostel concept illustrates this problem. Four types of needs assessment errors are discussed: relativity: interpretation: lumping: and consideration of the small picture. (GDC)
The SIN3 deacetylase complex represses genes encoding mitochondrial proteins: implications for the regulation of energy metabolism.

Deacetylation of histones by the SIN3 complex is a major mechanism utilized in eukaryotic organisms to repress transcription. Presumably, developmental and cellular phenotypes resulting from mutations in SIN3 are a consequence of altered transcription of SIN3 target genes. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying SIN3 mutant phenotypes in Drosophila, we used full-genome oligonucleotide microarrays to compare gene expression levels in wild type Drosophila tissue culture cells versus SIN3-deficient cells generated by RNA interference. Of the 13,137 genes tested, 364 were induced and 35 were repressed by loss of SIN3. The ∼10-fold difference between the number of induced and repressed genes suggests that SIN3 plays a direct role in regulating these genes. The identified genes are distributed throughout euchromatic regions but are preferentially excluded from heterochromatic regions of Drosophila chromosomes suggesting that the SIN3 complex can only access particular chromatin structures. A number of cell cycle regulators were repressed by loss of SIN3, and functional studies indicate that repression of string, encoding the Drosophila homologue of the yeast CDC25 phosphatase, contributes to the G2 cell cycle delay of SIN3-deficient cells. Unexpectedly, a substantial fraction of genes induced by loss of SIN3 is involved in cytosolic and mitochondrial energy-generating pathways and other genes encode components of the mitochondrial translation machinery. Increased expression of mitochondrial proteins in SIN3-deficient cells is manifested in an increase in mitochondrial mass. Thus, SIN3 may play an important role in regulating mitochondrial respiratory activity.
Storage of Lactic Streptococci. II. Proteinase Synthesis Following Storage in Phosphate Buffer

Abstract The stability and synthesis of the extracellular proteinase of Streptococcus lactis N-2 were studied following storage of the cells in 0.05 m phosphate buffer at pH 8.5 and pH 4.5. Rapid inactivation of the residual proteinase was observed under both conditions within the first six days of storage. The amount of proteinase synthesized during the first three hours of growth in milk by the cells stored at pH 8.5 decreased with length of storage and was negligible by the tenth day. The cells stored at pH 4.5 exhibited an increased capacity for proteinase synthesis up to the fourth day of storage; thereafter, the amount of enzyme synthesized decreased. When results were correlated with culture viability and acid production under the two conditions of storage, no relationship was found between culture activity and proteinase activity. A number of factors are suggested which might contribute to the over-all activity of a culture besides that of its extracellular proteinase.
Selective Computation—VI: Stiff Differential equations

IN THIS paper, we wish to consider stiff differential equations. This is a very serious problem computationally and very interesting analytically. It is relevant to selective computation since stiffness is very significant in case we want to do long term integration. In Section 2, we make some comments about the origins of stiffness. In Section 3, we show that the calculation of the matrix exponential can occasionally circumvent this problem and we present another method for calculating it. In Section 4, we consider second order linear differential equations and the problem of computing the smaller solution. In Section 5, we present a systematic way of treating the same problem for linear differential equations of higher order. This will depend upon a method for reducing the order of an equation knowing one solution. In Section 6, we turn to nonlinear differential equations. In Section 7, the concluding section, we make some remarks about the use of other approaches.
Troponin I as a Marker for Myocardial Injury and Ischemia during Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery

Troponin I as a Marker for Myocardial Injury and Ischemia during Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=168

Abstract Experimental data pertaining to all nuclei with mass A=168 have been evaluated. Level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented, along with associated tables of experimental data and adopted properties for levels and transitions.
Formerly novel optics: a collection of optical tidbits

Thefirst birefringent optical element was the calcite trilobite eye, 540,000,000 years ago. One type was a hexagonal array of from one to several thousand lenslets of calcite crystals, oriented to produce no double images. At each molt new eyes were grown. Some trilobite eyes were calcite with spherical aberration correction resulting from a gradient index. (Some trilobites were blind.) Reference: Richard Fortey, Trilobite!, Knoff, New York, 2000
Heat Transfer Modeling and the Assumption of Zero Wall Temperature Fluctuations

At present, it is not clear how the fluctuating temperature at the wall can be properly specified for near-wall turbulent heat-flux models. The conventional approach is to assume zero fluctuating temperature or zero gradient for the temperature variance at the wall. These are idealized specifications and the latter condition could lead to an ill-posed problem for fully developed pipe and channel flows. The validity and extent of 4 the zero fluctuating wall temperature condition for heat transfer calculations are examined
Performing with robots: embodiment, context and vulnerability relations

This essay discusses the manner in which machine aesthetics influenced early twentieth-century performance and then draws on contemporary philosophy of technology in order to consider how robots can be experienced as other and how ontological differences between robotic and human bodies are manifested in particular vulnerability relations. These points are then used to analyze two performance pieces that present the interaction of robots and human actors.
Humatrix, a novel myoepithelial matrical gel with unique biochemical and biological properties

Abstract Myoepithelial cells in situ and in vitro exert important paracrine effects on carcinoma cells which are mediated by high expression of extracellular matrix molecules, proteinase inhibitors and angiogenic inhibitors. Myoepithelial xenografts (human matrix secreting (HMS)-X, HMS-3X and HMS-4X) established from benign human salivary gland and breast myoepithelial tumors accumulate an abundant extracellular matrix which can be extracted with 6 M urea and 2 M guanidinium hydrochloride to form a gel at 25–37°C. This gel, termed Humatrix , exhibits different biochemical and biological properties than the conventional non-human matrical gels in existence, i.e. Matrigel and Vitrogen 100. Whereas Matrigel consists mainly of basement membrane molecules, e.g. laminin, type IV collagen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and Vitrogen 100 consists mainly of non-basement membrane molecules, e.g. type I and type III collagen, Humatrix contains significant amounts of both basement membrane and non-basement membrane molecules, including large amounts of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Like Matrigel, Humatrix contains bound growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I); unlike Matrigel, which contains predominately significant quantities of bound proteinases, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and angiogenic factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)- β , Humatrix contains predominately bound proteinase inhibitors such as protease nexin II (PN-II) and α 1-antitrypsin and angiogenic inhibitors such as thrombospondin-1. Humatrix selectively stimulates the growth and tumorigenicity of human myoepithelial cell lines but inhibits invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of other non-myoepithelial malignant cell lines. Because of its myoepithelial origin Humatrix represents a more natural source of extracellular matrix molecules and bound factors that carcinoma cells encounter in vivo.
Non‐hodgkin's lymphomas iv. clinicopathologic correlation in 405 cases

An analysis is presented of the histopathologic, clinical, and prognostic features in a series of 405 previously untreated patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas referred to Stanford University Medical Center between 1960 and 1971. .411 biopsies were histologically classified according to the criteria of Rappaport et al. and clinical extent of disease was thoroughly evaluated prior to treatment and staged according to the Ann Arbor Classification. Nodular lymphomas constituted 44% of the group and diffuse lymphomas 56%. Patients under the age of 35 years and those over 60 tended to have diffuse lymphomas. Although 39% of the patients had Stage IV disease at presentation, localized forms (Stage I, I,., 11, 11,) were observed in 37%. Localized extralymphatic involvement occurred more often in patients with diffuse than nodular lymphomas (11 < 0.001). Systemic symptoms occurred in 24% of patients with diffuse and 17% of those with nodular lymphomas; however, their presence did not adversely affect survival. Mediastinal adenopathy was noted in 24% of diffuse and 18% of nodular lymphomas (P = NS), and mediastinal “skipping” was observed in 20% of diffuse and 40% of nodular lymphomas (p < 0.05). By the criteria used, 81% of evaluable patients (Stages I1 through 111,) with nodular lymphoma and 90% of those with diffuse lymphoma had contiguous sites of involvement (p = 0.07). Two frequently observed sites of initial extralymphatic involvement were bone marrow and gastrointestinal; the former was observed more often in advanced lymphocytic lymphomas, whether nodular or diffuse, and the latter in advanced, diffuse lymphomas. Actuarial survival correlated strongly with the histopathologic type of lymphoma; in each cellular category, patients with nodular lymphomas survived significantly longer than those with diffuse lymphomas (1’ < 0.05). Age at presentation also influenced survival in relation to certain histologic patterns. Patients with diffuse lymphocytic or mixed lymphomas who were less than 40 years of age had a worse prognosis than those over 40 (p = 0.02). In contrast, older patients with nodular lymphocytic and mixed lymphomas fared worse than those under 40 (p < 0.01). Patients with either initial bone marrow or gastrointestinal involvement survived longer if their lymphoma had a nodular pattern. It is concluded that histopathologic classification proposed by Rappaport et al. and the Ann Arbor Staging Classification are both useful guides to the management and prognosis of the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
DETE: connectionist/symbolic model of visual and verbal association

A description is given of a neurally inspired, computational model of the associative interactions between two types of cognitive functions in humans: the processing of visual and verbal information. DETE, a computer implementation of the model, is designed to learn to associate language descriptions of objects moving in a visual field with those objects, and thus explore the grounding problem, i.e. how language semantics maps to sensory experiences. The model consists of connectionist and microsymbolic modules responsible for processing of the visual and verbal inputs and interacting through an associative module coupled with a mechanism for selective attention. DETE accepts input from two modalities: visual, which consists of a continuous sequence of visual scenes showing the behavior of simple 2-D shaped objects in a square region, and verbal, i.e. occasional streams of English sentences describing the everchanging visual scenes. The overt behavior of the system is language generation and visual imagination. >
Spinal cord injury and co-occurring traumatic brain injury: assessment and incidence.

Abstract Macciocchi S, Seel RT, Thompson N, Byams R, Bowman B. Spinal cord injury and co-occurring traumatic brain injury: assessment and incidence. Objectives To examine prospectively the incidence and severity of co-occurring traumatic brain injury (TBI) in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to describe a TBI assessment process for SCI rehabilitation professionals. Design A prospective, cohort design to collect and analyze clinical variables relevant for diagnosing co-occurring TBI. Setting An urban, single-center National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research Model Spinal Cord Injury System in the Southeastern United States. Participants People (N=198) who met inclusion criteria and provided consent within an 18-month recruitment window. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure FIM cognitive scale. Results Based on participants' presence and duration of posttraumatic amnesia, initial Glasgow Coma Scale total score, and presence of cerebral lesion documented by neuroimaging, 60% of our traumatic SCI sample also sustained a TBI (n=118). Most co-occurring TBIs were mild (34%). Co-occurring mild complicated (10%), moderate (6%), and severe TBI (10%) were less common but still occurred in a significant percentage (26%) of persons with traumatic SCI. Persons with traumatic SCI who were injured in motor vehicle collisions and falls were more likely to sustain a co-occurring TBI. Cervical level traumatic SCI was associated with greater rates of TBI but not more severe injuries. Tree analyses established a practical algorithm for classifying TBI severity associated with traumatic SCI. Analysis of variance established criterion validity for the algorithm's TBI severity classifications. Conclusions Findings from our prospective study provide strong support that TBI is a common co-occurring injury with traumatic SCI. Incomplete acute care medical record documentation of TBI in the traumatic SCI population remains a considerable issue, and there is a significant need to educate emergency department and acute care personnel on the TBI clinical data needs of acute rehabilitation providers. A systematic algorithm for reviewing acute care medical records can yield valid estimates of TBI severity in the traumatic SCI population.
Erlotinib plus bevacizumab in previously treated patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma

BACKGROUND. We conducted a phase 2, multicenter, open-label study of erlotinib plus bevacizumab in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma who had previously received 1 prior chemotherapy regimen. These agents have activity in non–small cell lung cancer, but their role in mesothelioma is unclear. The primary endpoint is response rate. Secondary endpoints include time to progression, survival, and toxicity. METHODS. Eligible patients with mesothelioma who had previously received 1 chemotherapy regimen were treated with erlotinib 150 mg per os daily and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg administered intravenously on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression or development of significant toxicity. Tumor response was assessed after every 2 cycles using previously established mesothelioma response criteria from Byrne and Nowak. RESULTS. Twenty-four eligible patients initiated therapy with erlotinib and bevacizumab between February 2004 and October 2006. There were no complete or partial responses, although 12 patients achieved stable disease for at least 2 cycles of treatment. The median time to progression was 2.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 months-5.9 months). The median survival was 5.8 months (95% CI, 2.8 months-10.1 months). The most common toxicities were rash and diarrhea. There were no treatment-related deaths, intracranial bleeding, or hemoptysis. CONCLUSIONS. The combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab was tolerated reasonably well, but there was no evidence of radiographic response. This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting trials in mesothelioma patients who have failed first-line therapy. More therapeutic studies with effective agents are needed for these patients. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
The archival nexus: rethinking the interplay of archival ideas about the nature, value, and use of records

This article traces an alternative to the evidence/memory dichotomy in archival discourse by highlighting the nexus between archival ideas about the nature, value, and use of records as viewed and imagined through the lens of an archival concept of evidence as a relation between record and event. This article then explores how “the archival nexus” provides a different framework for understanding the various meaning-making processes surrounding archives both within and outside the archival repository, and for rethinking the role of the archivist and the position of the archival discipline with regard to other disciplines that explicitly address and engage with the archive.
A test of the theoretical model of the Revised Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities

This study tested the theoretical model underly ing the Revised Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). The ITPA model is a hierarchical factor model which includes five first-order factors (Receptive Process, Organizing Process, Expressive Process, Closure, and Sequential Memory); two sec ond-order factors (Representational Level and Automatic Level); and one third-order factor (Psy cholinguistic Ability). Results from correlated mul tiple-group component analyses of the ITPA subtest intercorrelations for each age group in the standardization sample provided strong support for the theoretical model.
An experimental procedure for determining the pertinent parameters in a plasma containing three electron energy groups

In an experimental study of the properties of a double-beam plasma device where the drive plasma was separated from the target plasma by a hemispherical separating screen, three Maxwellian energy groups of electrons appeared whenever an ion beam was sent from the driver plasma to target plasma. A method is given for determining the densities and temperatures of these energy groups. >
The role of staging laparoscopy in hepatobiliary malignancy: prospective analysis of 401 cases.

Background:Patients with potentially resectable hepatobiliary malignancy are frequently found to have unresectable tumors at laparotomy. We prospectively evaluated staging laparoscopy in patients with resectable disease on preoperative imaging.
Difference approximations for wave equations via finite elements II. Error analysis

Difference-like schemes for the wave equation arise naturally from a Galerkin finite-element formulation, if we adopt certain quadrature rules in evaluating the mass and stiffness matrices. One can extend these schemes to problems involving sharp interfaces by applying the quadrature on a refinement of the finite-element grid that includes the interfaces. We develop error estimates for this modified scheme that corroborate numerical results for acoustic and elastic wave equations, presented in a companion article. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Scanning fiber system for angle-resolved low coherence interferometry

We propose a fiber-optic system for Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. The system is based on singlemode fiber couplers and employs a scanning fiber to collect the angular scattering distribution of the sample. The measured distribution is then fitted to Mie theory to estimate the size of the scatterers. Depth resolution is achieved with Fourier-domain low coherence Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The sample arm of the interferometer illuminates the specimen with polarized light and collects back-scattered light from the sample. The probe's optical performance is evaluated and its depth-resolved sizing capability is demonstrated with subwavelength accuracy using a two-layer microsphere phantom.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOUSE

Little is currently known regarding the ontogeny of smooth muscle tissues during normal mammalian development. The alpha-smooth muscle and gamma-smooth muscle isoactins have been shown to be excellent molecular markers of smooth muscle cell phenotype. This study characterizes both the temporal and spatial patterns of alpha-smooth muscle and gamma-smooth muscle isoactin expression in the developing mouse. In situ analysis was performed on serial sections of whole mouse embryos on embryonic day 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 using alpha-smooth muscle and gamma-smooth muscle isoactin-specific riboprobes. Distinct temporal and spatial patterns of alpha-smooth muscle and gamma-smooth muscle isoactin gene expression were observed in the developing gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, respiratory tract, and vascular system. Independent expression of the alpha-smooth muscle isoactin was observed during the early stages of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle myogenesis as well as in a novel subset of distinct organs including the postnatal component of the hindgut, allantois, and primitive placenta. The results of this study indicate that distinct cellular phenotypes are involved in smooth muscle myogenesis and suggest that organ-specific mechanisms might exist for the initiation of smooth muscle development in vivo. In addition, the pattern of independent alpha-smooth muscle isoactin expression observed in this study provides novel information regarding the early stages of hindgut and placental development, and suggests that a common functional phenotype may be associated with the early stages of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle myogenesis.
Cholestatic jaundice and bone lesions in an elderly woman.

Background A 74-year-old Caucasian female presented with jaundice, clay-colored stools, diarrhea, and fatigue of 3 months' duration, accompanied by a weight loss of 6.8 kg. Physical examination demonstrated mild hepatomegaly. Initial blood work revealed abnormal liver biochemistries with a cholestatic pattern. An abdominal CT scan showed intrahepatic bile-duct dilatation without masses but with multiple lytic and blastic bone lesions. A sacral bone biopsy established the diagnosis. Investigations Endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, CT scan, bone biopsy and liver biopsy. Diagnosis Systemic mastocytosis affecting the biliary system resulting in a primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-like picture combined with diffuse blastic and lytic bone lesions. Management Biliary stenting, histamine 1- and 2-receptor blockers, and chemotherapy (cladribine). This article highlights the case of a 74-year-old Caucasian female who presented with jaundice, clay-colored stools, diarrhea, and fatigue of 3 months' duration, accompanied by a weight loss of 6.8 kg. The results of initial investigations were interpreted as primary sclerosing cholangitis, but futher investigation revealed lytic and and blastic bone lesions. A sacral bone biopsy established the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.
Growth of conformal copper films on TaN by electrochemical deposition for ULSI interconnects

Abstract Seedless copper electrochemical deposition (ECD) becomes a potential interconnect technology while device dimension keeps shrinking in ULSI design. In seedless copper ECD on TaN, which is a widely used diffusion barrier, uniform growth of copper film on TaN is hindered because a robust native Ta 2 O 5 exists on TaN surface. Complete removal of the native Ta 2 O 5 can be attained using a saturated KOH solution that is assisted by an anodic voltage. This then permits that copper film grows on the pretreated TaN surface in a copper–citrate (Cu–Cit) complex electrolyte. Its growing morphology and deposition rate are dependent on the etching depth of as-deposited TaN in the KOH solution. Even for a very short etching time of 0.8 s, thin Ta 2 O 5 is totally etched off and the activated TaN surface appears. Thin and conformal copper films grown in a layer-by-layer mode on the TaN surface are proper to function as an ECD seed or metal lines for ULSI interconnects.
Comparative accumulation of manganese and boron in barley tissues

The uptake of Mn and B by barley plants was studied in a 5-week period in growth chambers. Fluorescent light was provided with an intensity of 3200 foot-candles in a 12-hour day length and the entire plants were grown at temperatures of 10°, 15°, or 20°C. The root medium consisted of a base nutrient solution in which Mn or B was added in the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 ppm. Five plants were grown in volumes of 20 liters of solution. At the end of the growth period the shoots and roots were analyzed for Mn and B.
Improved Use of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Suspected Pulmonary Embolism

Since hypoxemia is not known to be a sensitive indicator of acute pulmonary embolism, we performed a retrospective study to determine whether an increased P(A-a)O 2 gradient or hypocapnia improved the sensitivity of blood gas analysis in acute embolism. The study group consisted of 78 patients with angiographically documented emboli who had blood gas samples obtained while breathing room air. None had a prior history of cardiopulmonary disease. Hypoxemia was present in 59 patients (76 percent), hypoxemia or hypocapnia in 73 patients (93 percent), an increased P(A-a)O 2 gradient in 74 patients (95 percent), and an increased P(A-a)O 2 gradient or hypocapnia in 77 patients (98 percent). Only one patient with acute embolism showed a normal P(A-a)O 2 gradient and normal PaCO 2 breathing room air. These results suggest that a normal P(A-a)O 2 gradient and a normal PaCO 2 obtained in a patient during room air breathing can be used as evidence against the presence of pulmonary emboli. (Chest 1989; 95:48-51)
Melittin-Induced Bilayer Leakage Depends on Lipid Material Properties: Evidence for Toroidal Pores

The membrane-lytic peptide melittin has previously been shown to form pores in lipid bilayers that have been described in terms of two different structural models. In the ''barrel stave'' model the bilayer remains more or less flat, with the peptides penetrating across the bilayer hydrocarbon region and aggregating to form a pore, whereas in the ''toroidal pore'' melittin induces defects in the bilayer such that the bilayer bends sharply inward to form a pore lined by both peptides and lipid headgroups. Here we test these models by measuring both the free energy of melittin transfer (DG) and melittin-induced leakage as a function of bilayer elastic (material) properties that determine the energetics of bilayer bending, including the area compressibility modulus (Ka), bilayer bending modulus (kc), and monolayer spontaneous curvature (Ro). The addition of cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers, which increases Ka and kc, decreases both DG and the melittin-induced vesicle leakage. In contrast, the addition to PC bilayers of molecules with either positive Ro, such as lysoPC, or negative Ro, such as dioleoylglycerol, has little effect on DG, but produces large changes in melittin-induced leakage, from 86% for 8:2 PC/ lysoPC to 18% for 8:2 PC/dioleoylglycerol. We observe linear relationships between melittin-induced leakage and both Ka and 1=R 2 o : However, in contrast to what would be expected for a barrel stave model, there is no correlation between observed leakage and bilayer hydrocarbon thickness. All of these results demonstrate the importance of bilayer material properties on melittin-induced leakage and indicate that the melittin-induced pores are defects in the bilayer lined in part by lipid molecules.
Kala-Azar as a Cause of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

With our present day highly mobile population, the diagnosis of kala-azar must be considered in any patient presenting with fever, enlarged liver and spleen, anemia and leukopenia who has visited a region where this disease is endemic, particularly since the incubation period may be as long as a year. We report a case in which disseminated intravascular coagulation was an un usual complication.
Isohormones of Human Growth Hormone. I. Characterization by Electrophoresis and Isoelectric Focusing in Polyacrylamide Gel

Fractionation of several standard preparations of human growth hormone (hGH) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) reveals a multiplicity of bands identified by relative mobility (Rf) values. Four major components (B, C, D and E) were physically characterized at pH 7.8, 8.8, 10.2 (0 C) and 9.5 (25 C): They are indistinguishable in molecular size, but show a progressive increase in molecular net charge from B to E. Species B predominates in hGH preparations of relatively low prolactin bioactivity, whereas species C, D and E predominate in those of high prolactin activity. (Endocrinology 93: 848, 1973)