cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adverse Events Associated with the Use of Guide Extension Catheters during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Reports from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

Abstract Background/purpose We aimed to assess the reported complications and event modes for the GuideLiner and Guidezilla extension catheters. Methods/materials The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was queried for reported events. Results Of the 65 cases with reported GuideLiner-related issues, 15 (23%) involved the inability to pass equipment through or damage to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) devices in the GuideLiner catheter, 38 (58%) involved GuideLiner catheter fracture , 9 (14%) involved coronary artery dissection , 2 (3%) involved coronary artery perforation , and 1 (1.5%) involved thrombus formation in the catheter. Of the 408 cases with reported Guidezilla-related issues, 53 (13%) involved inability to pass or damaged PCI devices into the Guidezilla catheter, 117 (29%) involved inability to advance the Guidezilla catheter to the target lesion , 59 (14%) involved kinked Guidezilla catheter, mostly because of partial or complete catheter fracture upon further investigation, 164 (40%) involved a broken Guidezilla catheter, 10 (2.5%) involved coronary artery dissection, 2 (0.5%) involved coronary artery perforation, 1 (0.2%)involved aortic dissection , 1 (0.2%) involved thrombosis formation, and 1 (0.2%) involved no-reflow phenomenon. Conclusions Findings from the MAUDE database highlight the complications and modes of events associated with the use of GuideLiner and Guidezilla extension catheters. Summary To assess the reported complications and event modes for the GuideLiner and Guidezilla extension catheters, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was queried. There were more reports on Guidezilla-related events during the search period. The events for both extension catheters mainly involved the inability to pass equipment through or damage to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) devices in the extension catheter, extension catheter fracture, coronary artery dissection and perforation and, occasionally, the death of the patients.
Prognostic value of p53 expression in early stage low grade endometrioid endometrial cancer.

e16510 Background: Low grade endometrioid EC is the most common subtype and is usually estrogen dependent and associated with mutations in PTEN. Overexpression of p53 correlates with poor prognosis...
Learning what we don’t care about: Anti-training with sacrificial functions

Abstract The traditional machine learning paradigm focuses on optimizing an objective. This task of optimization is carried out by adjusting the free parameters of a model; however, many times in classification we do not assess the performance of the model using the optimized objective. Furthermore, choosing a poor set of free parameters for the objective function could lead to unintentional overfitting of the data. In this work, we present a novel approach based on the theory of anti-training for generating sacrificial functions that transform data. These sacrificial functions incorporate new classifier-independent objectives into the task of choosing a models’ free parameters. Our approach builds upon recent work in anti-training to develop a new class of functions that a classifier should not perform well on. We use multi-objective evolutionary algorithms to solve the task of model selection by minimizing a sacrificial function(s) and functions the model should always perform well on (i.e., error, sensitivity, specificity, etc.). Our experiments found that the proposed method provides statistically significant improvements in the generalization error over the state-of-the-art optimizers.
Conflict resolution and the volunteer personality

Since my dissertation focused on the relationship between personality and conflict resolution styles, I approached this book with great interest. Having reviewed much of the literature in this area, I agree with the author that “the overwhelming concern with the resolution of conflict at the political, administrative, and pyschological levels has apparently overshadowed the investigation of conflict resolution as a personal adaptation” (p. ix). For this reason I welcome this work, as the purpose of this book is to present a framework for understanding certain styles of conflict resolution as personality variables capable of influencing behavior at both the individual and (ultimately) at the socio-political level. While The Conflict Resolution Syndrome makes an important contribution to personality and conflict resolution theory simply because it attempts to study conflict from the personal level while at the same time raising some interesting and relevant questions, nevertheless, I found some of the author’s arguments unconvincing. The book is divided into six chapters: an introduction and overview, a critical review of research on the Volunteer Personality, a description of the author’s own research on volunteers which prompted this book, a description of the Conflict Resolution Syndrome as developed by Abdennur, and, finally, two chapters entitled “Volunteers, Volunteerism, and Society” and “The Tender Trap” that detail the relationship between the Conflict Resolution Syndrome and its effects on society. In the first chapter, the general outline of the book is nicely captured via a review of the chapter contents. First various theorists’ perspectives are presented with regard to personality and its relationship to the environment. These include the viewpoints of personality, situational, and interactionist theorists. Conflict resolution style is then discussed both as a personality variable and a variable in volunteering. The chapter closes with a brief description of the Conflict Resolution Syndrome and the impact of social-political factors on volunteerism. The second chapter reviews research on the volunteer personality, concluding that the inconsistent findings prevent any generalizations about the common characteristics of volunteers except for the following: While they come from all walks of life, the majority tend to be middle-class females from urban centers who have white collar jobs and higher than average education. They also appear to be well-socialized conventional people who readily accept established community values. They view themselves as sensitive and sympathetic to others,
A generalized framework for process-informed nonstationary extreme value analysis

Abstract Evolving climate conditions and anthropogenic factors, such as CO2 emissions, urbanization and population growth, can cause changes in weather and climate extremes. Most current risk assessment models rely on the assumption of stationarity (i.e., no temporal change in statistics of extremes). Most nonstationary modeling studies focus primarily on changes in extremes over time. Here, we present Process-informed Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis (ProNEVA) as a generalized tool for incorporating different types of physical drivers (i.e., underlying processes), stationary and nonstationary concepts, and extreme value analysis methods (i.e., annual maxima, peak-over-threshold). ProNEVA builds upon a newly-developed hybrid evolution Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach for numerical parameters estimation and uncertainty assessment. This offers more robust uncertainty estimates of return periods of climatic extremes under both stationary and nonstationary assumptions. ProNEVA is designed as a generalized tool allowing using different types of data and nonstationarity concepts physically-based or purely statistical) into account. In this paper, we show a wide range of applications describing changes in: annual maxima river discharge in response to urbanization, annual maxima sea levels over time, annual maxima temperatures in response to CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, and precipitation with a peak-over-threshold approach. ProNEVA is freely available to the public and includes a user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) to enhance its implementation.
Focal epilepsy caused by single cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is associated with regional and global resting state functional connectivity (FC) disruption

Epilepsy, including the type with focal onset, is increasingly viewed as a disorder of the brain network. Here we employed the functional connectivity (FC) metrics estimated from the resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to investigate the changes of brain network associated with focal epilepsy caused by single cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). Eight CCM subjects and 21 age and gender matched controls were enrolled in the study. Seven of 8 CCM subjects underwent surgical resection of the CCM and became seizure free and 4 of the surgical subjects underwent a repeat rsfMRI study. We showed that there was both regional and global disruption of the FC values among the CCM subjects including decreased in homotopic FC (HFC) and global FC (GFC) in the regions of interest (ROIs) where the CCMs were located. There was also the disruption of the default mode network (DMN) especially the FC between the middle prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the right lateral parietal cortex (LPR) among these individuals. We observed the trend of alleviation of these disruptions after the individual has become seizure free from the surgical resection of the CCM. Using a voxel-based approach, we found the disruption of the HFC and GFC in the brain tissue immediately adjacent to the CCM and the severity of the disruption appeared inversely proportional to the distance of the brain tissue to the lesion. Our findings confirm the disruption of normal brain networks from focal epilepsy, a process that may be reversible with successful surgical treatments rendering patients seizure free. Some voxel-based metrics may help identify the epileptogenic zone and guide the surgical resection.
The Effects of Vitamin D on Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to evaluate all epidemiological evidence in the literature linking the effect of vitamin D supplementation to metabolic and hormonal functions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The literature search was performed with two databases, namely Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, until 20 May 2019 for both observational and experimental studies concerning relationships between vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome. A total of ten studies with randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial design from 2008 to 2019 were selected for this review. The inclusion criteria were women 18–45 years of age with polycystic ovary syndrome and comparing the metabolic or endocrine parameters between placebo and vitamin D supplementation groups. A total of ten studies were selected for this review. We found that vitamin D supplementation had a significant effect on insulin metabolism, total serum testosterone, hirsutism, C-reactive protein, and total antioxidant capacity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Evidence from available randomized controlled trials suggests that patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should take vitamin D supplementation for the beneficial effect of metabolic profiles. However, future research is needed regarding the beneficial effects in women who are non-obese with polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as more studies with larger sample sizes.
The risk prevention of invasive monitoring and treatment in ICU

In order to analyze and judge the condition of critical patients in PICU,and provide an objective basis for the treatment,invasive monitoring of physiological functions as a technology of understanding organs state is particularly important in clinical practice.Due to organ failure,some children require in vitro device to completely or partly replace organ function for a certain time,which can save and restore organ function.In order to reduce the incidence of iatrogenic damage,risk awareness and active prevention are required during these invasive procedures and organ replacement. Key words: Intensive care unit; Invasive monitoring; Organ function replacement; Risk prevention
Large Rises in Thoracolumbar Fusions by 2040: A Cause for Concern with an Increasingly Elderly Surgical Population.

Abstract: Background /Objective: With a growing aging population in the United States, the number of operative lumbar spine pathologies continues to grow. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the future demand for lumbar spine surgery volumes for the United States to the year 2040. Methods The National/Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for years 2003-2015 for anterior interbody and posterior lumbar fusions (ALIF, PLF) to create national estimates of procedural volumes for those years. The average age and comorbidity burden was characterized, and Poisson modeling controlling for age and sex allowed for surgical volume prediction to 2040 in ten year increments. Age was grouped into categories ( 85), and estimates of surgical volumes for each age subgroup were created Results ALIF volume is expected to increase from 46,903 to 55,528, while PLF volume is expected to increase from 248,416 to 297,994 from 2020 to 2040. For ALIF, the largest increases are expected in the 45-54 year old (10,316 to 12,216) and 75-84 year old (2,898 to 5,340) age groups. Similarly the largest increases in PLF will be seen in the 65-74 year old (71,087 to 77,786) and 75-84 year old (28,253 to 52,062) age groups. Conclusion The large increases in expected volumes of ALIF and PLF could necessitate training of more spinal surgeons and an examination of projected costs. Further analyses are needed to characterize the needs of this increasingly large population of surgical patients.
Column Guest Editor’s Introduction: A Tactic for Clarifying the Teacher’s Role in Universal Design for Learning:

Readers with an interest in Universal Design for Learning (UDL) will recognize the fundamental challenge presented in this month’s guest column, “Classroom Menus for Supporting the Academic Success...
Learning curve in robotic colorectal surgery

With the rapid adoption of robotics in colorectal surgery, there has been growing interest in the pace at which surgeons gain competency, as it may aid in self-assessment or credentialing. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the learning curve of an expert laparoscopic colorectal surgeon who performed a variety of colorectal procedures robotically. This is a retrospective review of a prospective database of 111 subsequent colorectal procedures performed by a single colorectal surgeon. The cumulative summation technique (CUSUM) was used to construct a learning curve for robotic proficiency by analyzing total operative and console times. Postoperative outcomes including length of stay, 30-day complications, and 30-day readmission rates were evaluated. Chi-square and one-way ANOVA (including Kruskal–Wallis) tests were used to evaluate categorical and continuous variables. Our patient cohort had a mean age of 62.4, mean BMI of 26.9, and mean ASA score of 2.41. There were two conversions to open surgery. The CUSUM graph for console time indicated an initial decrease at case 13 and another decrease at case 83, generating 3 distinct performance phases: learning (n = 13), competence (n = 70), and mastery (n = 28). An interphase comparison revealed no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, ASA score, types of procedures, or indications for surgery between the three phases. Over the course of the study, both mean surgeon console time and median length of stay decreased significantly (p = 0.00017 and p = 0.016, respectively). Although statistically insignificant, there was a downward trend in total operative time and postoperative complication rates. Learning curves for robotic colorectal surgery are commonly divided into three performance phases. Our findings contribute to the construction of a reliable learning curve for the transition of colorectal surgeons to robotics. Furthermore, they may help guide the stepwise training and credentialing of new robotic surgeons.
Orbits and photometry of Pluto's satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1 and S/2005 P2

We present new astrometry of Pluto's three satellites from images taken of the Pluto system during 2002-3 with the High Resolution Camera (HRC) mode of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. The observations were designed to produce an albedo map of Pluto but they also contain images of Charon and the two recently discovered satellites, S/2005 P1 and S/2005 P2. Orbits fitted to all three satellites are nearly co-planar and, for Charon and P2, have eccentricities consistent with zero. The orbit of the outermost satellite, P1, has a significant eccentricity of 0.0052 +/- 0.0011. Orbital periods of P1, P2, and Charon are 38.2065 +/- 0.0014, 24.8562 +/- 00013, and 6.3872304 +/- 0.0000011 days, respectively. The total system mass based on Charon's orbit is 1.4570 +/- 0.0009 x 10^22 kg. We confirm previous results that orbital periods are close to the ratio of 6:4:1 (P1:P2:Charon) indicative of mean-motion resonances, but our results formally preclude precise integer period ratios. The orbits of P1 and P2, being about the barycenter rather than Pluto, enable us to measure the Charon/Pluto mass ratio as 0.1165 +/- 0.0055. This new mass ratio implies a density of 1.65 +/- 0.06 g cm^-3 for Charon (603.6 km radius) and 2.03 +/- 0.06 g cm^-3 for Pluto (1153 km radius) thus adding confirmation that Charon is significantly less dense than Pluto. Finally, by stacking all images, we can extract globally averaged photometry. P1 has a mean opposition magnitude of V=24.39 +/- 0.09 and color of (B-V) = 0.64 +/- 0.12. P2 has a mean opposition magnitude of V=24.55 +/- 0.10 and color of (B-V) = 0.91 +/- 0.15.
The Outer Membrane Loops of OmpA Control the Slow Rate of In Vitro Folding

Outer membrane proteins are all beta barrels and these barrels have a variety of well-documented loop conformations. Here we test the effect of three different loop types on outer membrane protein A (OmpA) folding. We designed twelve 5-residue loops and experimentally tested the effect of replacing the long loops of outer membrane protein OmpA with the designed loops. Our studies succeeded in creating the smallest known outer membrane barrel. We find that significant changes in OmpA loops do not have a strong overall effect on OmpA folding. However, when decomposing folding into a fast rate and a slow rate we find that changes in loops strongly affect the slow rate of OmpA folding. Outer membrane loop types with higher levels of hydrogen bonds increase the slow folding rate and outer membrane loop types with low levels of hydrogen bonds decrease the slow folding rate. Having the slow rate affected by loop composition is consistent with the slow rate being associated with the insertion step of outer membrane protein folding.
A guide to the literature of the finite rectangular well

The finite rectangular well (FRW) has been a staple of quantum mechanics texts and classes for decades and is the subject of a rich literature. Despite being a problem about which there would apparently be not much more to be said, the FRW continues to serve as a system for introducing students to various analytic techniques and has numerous connections to current technology and research. This paper gives a survey of past and recent FRW literature, with an emphasis on pedagogical contributions directed at graphical and analytic solutions for energy eigenvalues.
From Digital Divide to Facebook Divide, Reconstruct Our Target Market Segments with Facebook Native and Facebook Immigrant

Digital divide emerge since early nineties when popular internet come to age. People forty-five or older then forty-five years-old are less likely to have internet access during their time as university students, and they are most likely to obtain web-based Internet related knowledge thereafter formally. The age of forty-five can be regard as the turning point age to distinguish people who may or may not have lesser knowledge on using the web-based Internet. The availability of Smartphone for the last 10 years help to increase the internet penetration rate and it also contribute to a wider digital divide. Facebook is the number on online social network in terms of usage in most of the top fifties countries. From 2004 onward students who joined Facebook are Facebook natives, while people who join and acquire Facebook skills outside collage and thereafter are Facebook immigrants. Facebook native and Facebook immigrant are the two major market segments, which marketers are dealing with in current years.
Preliminary Results of a Reverse Thermal Gel Patch for Fetal Ovine Myelomeningocele Repair.

Abstract Background Prenatal surgical closure of Myelomeningocele (MMC) is considered part of the current age armamentarium. Clinical data has demonstrated the need for innovative patches to maximize the benefits and decrease the risks of this approach. Our team has developed a minimally invasive reverse thermal gel (RTG) patch with cellular scaffolding properties. Here, we demonstrate the initial gross and microscopic histological effects of this RTG patch in the fetal ovine model of MMC. Materials and Methods A fetal ovine MMC defect was created at 68-75 days gestation, RTG patch application or untreated at 100-103 days, and harvest at 135-140 days. The RTG was applied to the defect and secured in place with an overlay sealant. Defect areas underwent gross and microscopic analysis for inflammation and skin development. Brains were analyzed for hindbrain herniation and hydrocephalus. Results The untreated fetus (n = 1) demonstrated an open defect lacking tissue coverage, evidence of spinal cord injury, increased caspase-3, Iba1 and GFAP in spinal cord tissues, and hindbrain herniation and ventricular dilation. RTG treated fetuses (n = 3) demonstrated defect healing with well-organized dermal and epidermal layers throughout the entire healed tissue area overlaying the defect with minimal inflammation, reduced caspase-3, Iba1 and GFAP in spinal cord tissues, and no hindbrain herniation or ventricular dilation. Conclusion An RTG patch applied to MMC defects in fetal sheep promoted skin coverage over the defect, was associated with minimal inflammation of the spinal cord tissues and prevented brain abnormalities. The present findings provide exciting results for future comprehensive radiological, functional, and mechanistic evaluation of the RTG.
On Diffusion Processes with Drift in a Morrey Class Containing $$L_{d+2}$$ L d + 2

We present new conditions on the drift of the Morrey type with mixed norms allowing us to obtain Aleksandrov type estimates of potentials of time inhomogeneous diffusion processes in spaces with mixed norms and, for instance, in $$L_{d_{0}+1}$$ with $$d_{0}<d$$ .
Complex-shaped, finely-featured ZrC/W composites via shape-preserving reactive melt infiltration of porous WC structures fabricated by 3D ink extrusion

Abstract Complex-shaped, finely-featured, ultra-high-melting ZrC/W composite structures were produced by coupling, for the first time, three-dimensional (3D) ink-extrusion printing with shape/size-preserving reactive melt infiltration (the Displacive Compensation of Porosity, DCP, process). Inks containing sub-micron WC powders were printed at ambient temperature into either fine-scale structures (sub-millimeter filaments) or into a larger-scale, finely-featured 3D structure (a centimeter-scale nozzle with a sub-millimeter-thick wall). After organic binder removal, the printed structures were sintered at 1650 °C for 1 h to achieve a porosity of 50%. The porous, rigid WC structures then underwent ambient pressure infiltration and reaction with Zr-Cu liquid at up to 1350 °C for 2 h. The reaction of WC to yield more voluminous ZrC and W products filled prior pores (DCP process) to yield shape-preserved, dense ZrC/W structures after Cu dissolution from external surfaces. This new integrated approach opens the door to ultra-high-melting ceramic/metal composite structures with complex 3D shapes and fine (millimeter-scale) features.
First-trimester ultrasound diagnostic features of placenta accreta spectrum in low-implantation pregnancies

OBJECTIVE Low implantation pregnancy is an important marker for the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in the first trimester. Many grayscale and color Doppler markers have been well defined in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy but not well studied in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to determine if and which placenta accreta spectrum sonographic markers can be used in the first trimester to differentiate patients with low implantation pregnancy who end up developing placenta accreta from those who do not. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study of pregnancies who delivered at our institution from 2009-2019. Cases represented pregnancies with placenta accreta spectrum who delivered by cesarean hysterectomy and had a first trimester ultrasound with low implantation pregnancy. Controls represented pregnancies with persistent placenta previa without placenta accreta spectrum, who delivered by cesarean section without postpartum hemorrhage and had a first trimester ultrasound with low implantation pregnancy. Sonographic images were reviewed by an investigator blinded to pregnancy outcome and sonography reports. Images were reviewed for presence of abnormal uteroplacental interface, increased lower uterine segment hypervascularity, and placental lacunae, with or without swirling on grayscale or color Doppler. RESULTS 21 cases and 46 controls met the inclusion criteria. Lacunae were present in 18/21 (85.7%) cases and in 7/46 (15.2%) controls (OR 33.4; 95% CI 7.7-144.4, p<.001). The number of lacunae was significantly higher in the cases as compared to the controls with a median of 5 lacunae in the cases as compared to a median of 1 lacunae in the controls (p<.001). The median size of the lacunae was also significantly larger in the cases measuring 10.03mm (IQR 7.3-12.05) compared to 4.15mm (IQR 4.05-5.05) in the controls (p=.001). Lacunae swirling on grayscale or color Doppler was noted only in the cases with 10/12 (83.3%) having swirling on grayscale and 12/12 (100%) having swirling on color Doppler (p <.001). Presence of an abnormal uteroplacental interface was also noted only in the cases at a rate of 17/20 (85.0%, p <.001). Lower uterine segment (uterovesical, subplacental, and/or intraplacental) hypervascularity was present in 14/14 (100%) cases and only 1/12 (8.33%) controls (p <.001). CONCLUSION In PAS-at-risk pregnancies, ultrasound markers of PAS can and should be assessed as early as the first trimester. The use of a first-trimester prenatal ultrasound screening protocol and standardized approach to the ultrasound examination in at-risk mothers may help in increased detection of PAS and in planning for the optimal management of these pregnancies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Kinematics of the Uinta Fault System (Southern Wyoming and Northern Utah) during the Laramide Orogeny

The origin of the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Uinta uplift created during the Laramide orogeny has long been problematic, because the structure is E-trending nearly parallel to the ENE-WSW direction of regional shortening. Early workers have proposed that the Uinta uplift is bounded by a large pop-up thrust system, which suggests that uplift was induced by N-S contraction. The geometric relationship between E-trending Laramide faults that bound the Uinta uplift and nearly N-S–trending folds and thrusts at the eastern end of the uplift implies that the formation of the Uinta uplift could have been related to strike-slip faulting. In order to test whether the Uinta uplift was created by either N-S compression or E-W strike-slip faulting, we performed detailed field mapping, kinematic analysis of fault zones, and construction of detailed cross sections along the E-trending Uinta fault system in the northern Uinta Mountains. The results of our study suggest that the Uinta fault is a reverse left-slip struc...
Domestic Institutions and Supranational Human Rights Adjudication: The ECtHR and the IACtHR Compared

In this paper we offer an account of the constitutionalization or transposition of regional convention law into national law that highlights the role of domestic political actors. We develop a theoretical framework for understanding the response of national political actors to the jurisprudence of regional level courts. Specifically, we explore the circumstances under which regional court decisions are a political tool for politicians and other political or social actors to achieve their policy goals. Are national political actors attuned to the jurisprudence of regional courts? Under what conditions might legislators in national parliaments take decisions or impending decisions of regional courts into account as they draft legislation? We address these questions in the empirical context of two regional courts, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), and two states in those regional jurisdictions, Germany and Chile, respectively.
Silver yoga versus physical exercise for physical fitness

Chen KM, Fan JT, Wang HH, Wu SJ, Li CH, Lin HS. Silver yoga exercises improved physical fitness of transitional frail elders. Nurs Res 2010; 59: 364–70.
MAGIC method for subnanomolar orthophosphate determination in freshwater

A freshwater magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation method (MAGIC) has been developed to accurately and reproducibly determine low (nanomolar to subnanomolar) soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in freshwater. The method allows investigation of phosphorus distributions and cycling for systems in which SRP is below the detection limits of conventional methods. In natural waters, both inorganic and organic forms of P are coprecipitated; hence the method is essentially a preconcentration rather than a separation technique. Quantification of SRP on dissolved MAGIC precipitates follows a modified version of the standard molybdenum blue colorimetric method, using a spectrophotometer with ~0.1 milliabsorbance (mAbs) noise. Detection limit is 0.15 nM, improving on typical conventional colorimetric methods by a factor of ~50, with precision (RSD of triplicates) of ~10% at the 1 nM SRP level, 10% at ≤0.5 nM, and 4% to 7% at >1 nM. Considerable method development was necessary to eliminate or correct for multiple interferences, including a novel finding of potential interference by colored dissolved organic matter, and to optimize recovery, precision, and detection limit. The method was applied to filtered, frozen samples from western Lake Superior, showing that SRP concentrations are characterized by limited seasonal variability, largely uniform vertical distribution, and near-bottom enrichment. Concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 10.9 nM SRP, representing ~10% of the total dissolved phosphorus pool. MAGIC is an easily employed analytical method appropriate for measurement of very low SRP in lakes and rivers.
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)

Publisher Summary The ultraviolet-visible spectrum for Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is measured by the wavelength ellipsometry as illustrated by Marple and Ehrenreich in the 5-1.5-eV region. Samples are single crystals with cleaved surfaces. The measurements are completed in less than an hour after cleavage in air. The reflectivity is measured to higher photon energies. Myers et al measured refractive index n and extinction coefficient k for both single crystals and polycrystalline film samples in the region 0.45-1.9 μm. The films were essentially made by sublimation of the compound with deposition on heated fused-quartz substrates. Films of cubic structure and films with mixed cubic-hexagonal structure were produced. The thin-film constants were then determined, the higher the temperature, the larger is n , while the reverse is true for k . The single-crystal material was mechanically polished with 0.25 μm grit. It is noted that only the reflectance is measured directly. In this case average values of k for the films are assumed, and then n is calculated.
Animal Memory and Cognition

Behaviorism, a dominant movement in animal learning until about 1970, emphasized that the subject matter of psychology is behavior. Originating about 1970 was a concern with animal cognition, a movement that emphasized to a considerable extent laboratory investigations in animals of processes commonly attributed to humans such as serial learning, numerical processes, categorization, inference formation, rule learning, and language learning. This approach, which is very much alive at present, assumes that animal cognition is a less complex version of human cognition. Several other approaches to animal cognition, while not necessarily rejecting the view that animal and human cognition are similar in some respects, seek to identify learning and cognitive processes that may be unique to particular species. This approach, characteristic of, for example, evolutionary psychology, evolutionary biology and cognitive ethology, may employ in addition to laboratory investigations, an examination of behavior in the animals environmental niche. Examples of this approach would include communication in vervet monkeys, navigation over long distances in birds and other animals, social and other behavior in chimpanzees. Each of these broad approaches has something to contribute. On the one hand it is generally agreed that there are some processes common to a variety of species such as the sort of associative learning that occurs under Pavlovian conditioning. On the other hand, others forms of learning and cognition may be species typical, such as echolocation in bats and language learning in humans. Keywords: animal cognition; animal memory; behaviorism; cognitive ethology; evolutionary psychology; spatial learning; theory of mind
The gate misalignment effects of the sub-threshold characteristics of sub-100 nm DG-MOSFETs

In this paper, simulation results of the gate misalignment effects on the sub-threshold characteristics of asymmetric (ADG) and symmetric (SDG) double-gate MOSFET (DG-MOSFET) in the sub-100 nm regime are presented. Gates alignment in DG-MOSFETs becomes more and more difficult as devices are scaling down in non-self-aligned double-gate processes. The results show that gate misalignment effects are not as serious as generally expected and 60-80% misalignment is considered to be tolerable in some circuit applications.
Boron: Polyhedral Carboranes

Carboranes are compounds in which carbon, boron, and hydrogen atoms are present in polyhedral cages. The cages are stabilized by multi-centered bonds, which gives the carboranes unique chemical and structural properties. Many of these compounds are chemically and thermally stable enough to allow their use as boron delivery agent for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in cancer treatment and as molecular assemblies. Keywords: carboranes; electron deficient compounds; BNCT; macro-assemblies; electron-counting rules; diamond-square-diamond (DSD) process
Complexation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with ferric and ferrous ions.

Abstract Motivated by the observed influence of stainless steel and ferric and ferrous ions on the behavior of the peroxidase/oxidase oscillator, the mechanism and kinetics of interaction of 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) with iron ions in 0.1 M acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer with pH 5.1 and with the solution/stainless steel interface were extensively studied. The character of a possible mutual influence of NADH/acetate buffer solution and Type 316 stainless steel has been investigated. We also suggest the mechanism of stainless steel corrosion inhibition by NADH. It was determined that fast complexation of ferric and ferrous ions with NADH occurred with rate constant k compl = 4.0 × 10 9 ± 0.2 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 . The composition of the product complex is [Fe-(NADH) 2 ] for both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . A previously unreported complex of ferrous ion and NADH was discovered, determined, and separately investigated. Kinetic and equilibrium constants for reactions of iron ions-NADH complexation and following redox processes of the complex decomposition were determined from spectrophotometric and electrochemical experiments.
Cardiac autonomic control and the effects of age, race, and sex: the CARDIA study.

Background Stratification variables of age, race, and sex figure prominently in the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk. Similarly, cardiac autonomic regulation, measured by RR interval variability (RRV), is associated with risk. The relationship among these variables is unclear.
Resting sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity in subjects with low and high tolerance to central hypovolemia induced by lower body negative pressure

Central hypovolemia elicited by orthostasis or hemorrhage triggers sympathetically-mediated baroreflex responses to maintain organ perfusion; these reflexes are less sensitive in patients with orthostatic intolerance, and during conditions of severe blood loss, may result in cardiovascular collapse (decompensatory or circulatory shock). The ability to tolerate central hypovolemia is variable and physiological factors contributing to tolerance are emerging. We tested the hypothesis that resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are attenuated in male and female subjects who have low tolerance (LT) to central hypovolemia induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP). MSNA and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) were recorded in 47 human subjects who subsequently underwent LBNP to tolerance (onset of presyncopal symptoms). LT subjects experienced presyncopal symptoms prior to completing LBNP of -60 mm Hg, and subjects with high tolerance (HT) experienced presyncopal symptoms after completing LBNP after -60 mmHg. Contrary to our hypothesis, resting MSNA burst incidence was not different between LT and HT subjects, and was not related to time to presyncope. BRS was assessed as the slope of the relationship between spontaneous fluctuations in DAP and MSNA during 5 min of supine rest. MSNA burst incidence/DAP correlations were greater than or equal to 0.5 in 37 subjects (LT: n= 9; HT: n=28), and BRS was not different between LT and HT (-1.8 ± 0.3 vs. -2.2 ± 0.2 bursts•(100 beats)-1•mmHg-1, p=0.29). We conclude that tolerance to central hypovolemia is not related to either resting MSNA or sympathetic BRS.
Children's participation in household tasks as portrayed by national television advertisements in the U.S.A.

This paper provides a content analysis of portrayals of children's participation in household tasks in national television advertisements within the U.S.A. The analysis indicates that children are rarely shown working in the home, even when they could help. Furthermore, parents are shown routinely performing tasks children could have done for themselves. The resulting stereotypes are clearly drawn: children are shown to be non-productive and parents are portrayed as servants. Such portrayals may be counter-productive in the context of growing time pressures in the household and the potential benefits that families might realize by working together towards common goals.
Blood γδ T cells, Campylobacter jejuni, and GM1 titers in Guillain–Barré syndrome

The gammadelta T cells participate in microbial defense, are prevalent in intestinal epithelia, and are activated in autoimmune diseases. We studied whether peripheral blood gammadelta cells and gammadelta subsets are increased in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and whether elevations are associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection or GM1 elevations. In 20 GBS patients, we performed serial flow cytometry studies of blood gammadelta, Vdelta1, and Vdelta2 cells (+/- CD8+), C jejuni, and ganglioside titers. There was no significant difference in median gammadelta T-cell percentages between GBS patients and controls at onset and at convalescence. However, 5 patients had marked Vdelta1/CD8+ elevations. Elevated Vdelta1 or Vdelta1/CD8+ cells occurred in 3 of 6 patients with C jejuni or GM1 titer elevations. A minority of GBS patients have elevations of Vdelta1/CD8+ cells, possibly associated with elevated C jejuni or GM1 titers. The gammadelta T cells may have a cytotoxic (or suppressor) role in the disease.
Multiscale detection of filamentary features in image data

Taking advantage of the new developments in mathematical statistics, a multiscale approach is designed to detect filament or filament-like features in noisy images. The major contribution is to introduce a general framework in cases when the data is digital. Our detection method can detect the presence of an underlying curvilinear feature with the lowest possible strength that are still detectible in theory. Simulation results on synthetic data will be reported to illustrate its effectiveness in finite digital situations.
Loyalty conflicts and family relationships in latency age boys: A comparison of joint and maternal custody.

Forty boys aged 6-11, 20 living in maternal and 20 in joint physical custody, were administered tests assessing specific aspects of divorce-related emotional adjustment. An original child-administered loyalty conflict measure found no custody group difference despite the fact that joint custody parents perceived significantly higher levels of loyalty conflict in their sons than did maternal custody parents. Tests assessing children's feelings toward their parents (Family Relations Test) and children's perception of the post-divorce family structure (Kinetic Family Drawing Test) indicated that boys in joint custody were comfortable in expressing negative as well as positive feelings toward both parents and were not preoccupied with fantasies of parental reconciliation.
The strategic marriage of method and motif. Total synthesis of varitriol

Detailed in this report are several new efficient synthetic approaches toward the natural product anti cancer agent varitriol, culminating in a concise total synthesis. A common theme for these routes is that they employ a new catalytic stereoselective vinyl oxirane ring expansion reaction, which provides rapid access to the common cis-2,5-tetrahydrofuran core. The combination of careful synthetic design and proper selection of starting materials results in an excellent marriage between this new method (vinyl oxirane ring expansion) and the motif (varitriol).
Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication by adenosine.

Abstract The yield of infectious particles from BHK-21 cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was decreased by almost an order of magnitude when adenosine was present in the medium. This inhibition was not due to a toxic effect on the cells but rather to decreased particle production resulting from a lower rate of virion RNA synthesis. In contrast, virus-induced mRNA species accumulated at a greater rate in adenosine-treated cells. Although the slight increase of primary transcription could have been due to a lower degradation rate of mRNA species or increased complete transcription of the viral genome, the relatively greater increase of secondary transcription indicated that the newly synthesized viral ribonucleocapsids (RNCs) transcribed at a higher efficiency. Newly synthesized RNCs, isolated from adenosine-treated or untreated cells, had a similar amount of NS protein which was phosphorylated to approximately the same degree. However, the L protein content of RNCs from adenosine-treated cells was increased. This increase was probably due to the greater accumulation of L mRNA species in adenosine-treated cells. Based on these findings and the previous observation that the rate of virion RNA replication was directly proportional to the amount of NS protein in RNCs ( G. M. Clinton, B. W. Burge, and A. S. Huang, 1978 , J. Virol. 27, 340–346), it was concluded that the synthetic capability of viral cores may be determined by the L to NS subunit ratio of their polymerase. A transient association of cytoplasmic NS proteins with viral RNCs, such that the L to NS subunit ratio decreases, could increase the RNA replicative ability of the core.
Solubility and demixing of polyethylene in supercritical binary fluid mixtures : carbon dioxide-cyclohexane, carbon dioxide-toluene, carbon dioxide-pentane

Solubility of polyethylene in three different supercritical binary solvent systems—carbon dioxide–cyclohexane, carbon dioxide–toluene, and carbon dioxide–pentane—have been studied. Solvent compositions that lead to complete dissolution at pressures below 70 MPa have been identified. Demixing pressures have been determined for a range of polymer concentrations at temperatures up to 200°C. It is shown that the behavior of the solutions depends strongly on the fluid composition. In the composition ranges studied, solutions in cyclohexane–carbon dioxide mixtures were found to show lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. It is found that the behavior of solutions in carbon dioxide–toluene and carbon dioxide–pentane mixtures shifts from upper critical solution temperature (UCST) to LCST with increasing toluene or pentane content. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
703 PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (PSS)-LIKE SYNDROME FOLLOWING BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

A 15 year old boy developed skin changes compatible with chronic graft versus host reaction (CGVHR) following bone marrow transplantation. His skin was thin, dry, inelastic, and telan-giectatic. Biopsy revealed basal vacuolization, loss of rete pegs, atrophy of sweat glands, perivascular lymphocyte cuffing, and dense dermal collagenization. Because of the dermatologic similarity to PSS, we compared this patient to 38 PSS patients for evidence of systemic involvement. He had significant restrictive lung disease (VC and TLC 50% of predicted), cardiac conduction abnormalities (first degree heart block, right bundle branch block), and a pericardial effusion. Each of these abnormalities was found in 30-40% of the PSS group. Arteriolar intimal proliferation was seen in the heart and kidneys of our patient at autopsy. This finding has been noted in approximately 25% of PSS patients. Our patient had Raynaud's phenomenon as did 95% of the PSS group. He had a striking polyclonal elevation in serum IgG (4 gms/dl), an uncommon finding in PSS. 84% of the PSS patients showed esophageal dysmotility, but our patient did not have this abnormality. The clinical and pathologic similarities between this patient and PSS patients suggest that CGVHR and PSS may have a common pathogenesis. The use of animal models of graft versus host reaction may lead to an understanding of mechanisms responsible for both disease processes.