cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracking climate models

Climate models are complex mathematical models designed by meteorologists, geophysicists, and climate scientists, and run as computer simulations, to predict climate. There is currently high variance among the predictions of 20 global climate models, from various laboratories around the world, that inform the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Given temperature predictions from 20 IPCC global climate models, and over 100 years of historical temperature data, we track the changing sequence of which model predicts best at any given time. We use an algorithm due to Monteleoni and Jaakkola that models the sequence of observations using a hierarchical learner, based on a set of generalized Hidden Markov Models, where the identity of the current best climate model is the hidden variable. The transition probabilities between climate models are learned online, simultaneous to tracking the temperature predictions. On historical global mean temperature data, our online learning algorithm's average prediction loss nearly matches that of the best performing climate model in hindsight. Moreover, its performance surpasses that of the average model prediction, which is the default practice in climate science, the median prediction, and least squares linear regression. We also experimented on climate model predictions through the year 2098. Simulating labels with the predictions of any one climate model, we found significantly improved performance using our online learning algorithm with respect to the other climate models and techniques. To complement our global results, we also ran experiments on IPCC global climate model temperature predictions for the specific geographic regions of Africa, Europe, and North America. On historical data, at both annual and monthly time-scales, and in future simulations, our algorithm typically outperformed both the best climate model per region and linear regression. Notably, our algorithm consistently outperformed the average prediction over models, the current benchmark. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 372–392, 2011 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bringing humanities into dental education. A modest experiment

New York University College of Dentistry and The Humanities Council of New York University have, since 1978, participated in a unique experiment in which an attempt has been made to make humanities courses available to dental students. Two kinds of humanities courses have been offered—optional, non-credit seminars, and so-called selectives, which all first-year dental students are required to take. The background for the decision to include humanities in dental education is considered, the characteristics of the dental student and the nature of dental education are discussed, details of the various humanities programs at the dental school are presented, and conclusions are drawn about the value of the program.
Compassion and Power: Religion, Spirituality, and Public Administration

Abstract The involvement of faith-based organizations in public matters may be motivated by compassion, by a desire for political power, or perhaps by some other purpose. This article argues that it is appropriate for organizations with pronounced religious perspectives to play roles in the delivery of public services and in informing public-decision making. We also argue that such involvement has considerable potential for controversy and, under certain circumstances, can have an adverse impact on a pluralistic democracy.
Review: Interventions for patient transition from hospital to primary care may improve outcomes

Source Citation Hesselink G, Schoonhoven L, Barach P, et al. Improving patient handovers from hospital to primary care: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:417-28. 22986379
Scintillation counting of 3H- and 14C-containing gel slices: a one-step method.

Abstract A new one-step method for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels containing tritium and carbon-14 for liquid scintillation counting is presented. Forty-four hours after placing the gel slices in the scintillation fluid described in the text, the samples are ready for counting. This one-step method is compared to the method of D. Goodman and H. Martzura (1971, Anal. Biochem.42, 481) and is shown not only to require fewer manipulations but also to eliminate the need for a heating oven and to reduce the reagent costs.
A simple thiourea based colorimetric sensor for cyanide anion

Abstract A simple and easily synthesized colorimetric anion sensor, based on a thiourea moiety as a binding subunit on a 1,2-cyclohexane backbone and a p-nitrophenyl group as a signaling unit, has been synthesized in a one step procedure. The selective sensing of anions, particularly cyanide, has been investigated in DMSO by UV–vis titration, 1H NMR titration techniques and through ‘naked eye’ observation experiments.
Transsexualism: A standardized psychosocial rating format for the evaluation of results of sex reassignment surgery

A follow-up rating format for the postsurgical evaluation of sex reassignment was designed from the existing literature and a follow-up study in progress. The format assesses areas of interpersonal relationship psychopathology, legal problems, sexual adjustment and acceptance, family acceptance of the change, and employment patterns. The format was then tested for reliability and validity through the follow-up of 17 biological male transsexuals an average 8.2 years after surgery. Reliability between two judges was 0.9, and there was a significant correlation of the overall ranking with MMPI testing (p less than 0.01). The format can be used both for an overall ranking of the study groups and as indication of specific pre- and postsurgery changes.
Ultrasonic-Vibration Assisted Pelleting for Cellulosic Biofuel Manufacturing: Investigation on Power Consumption With Design of Experiment

Cellulosic biomass is abundantly available in the nature. It is an attractive feedstock to make alternative fuels to petroleum-based transportation fuels. Because of low bulk density and irregular shape, raw biomass materials are difficult to handle, transport, and store. Pelleting can increase the density of cellulosic biomass. Pellets can be easily handled, resulting in reducing their transportation and storage costs. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting is a new pelleting method. Moisture content, particle size, pelleting pressure, and ultrasonic power are four important input parameters affecting pellet quality and sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield). However, their effects on power consumption in UV-A pelleting have not been adequately investigated. Since power consumption directly affects ethanol manufacturing costs, it is desirable to understand how input parameters affect power consumption. This paper reports an experimental investigation of power consumption in UV-A pelleting. A 24 factorial design is employed to evaluate the effects of four input parameters (moisture content, particle size, pelleting pressure, and ultrasonic power) on power consumption in UV-A pelleting. Results show that three input parameters (moisture content, particle size, and ultrasonic power) significantly affect power consumption. Higher moisture content, lower ultrasonic power, and larger particle size result in higher power consumption. Only one interaction of two parameters is significant, i.e. with the increase of pelleting pressure, power consumption will increase at the high level of particle size while decrease at the low level of particle size.© 2012 ASME
Quantifying recent erosion and sediment delivery using probability sampling: a case study

Estimates of erosion and sediment delivery have often relied on measurements from locations that were selected to be representative of particular terrain types. Such judgement samples are likely to overestimate or underestimate the mean of the quantity of interest. Probability sampling can eliminate the bias due to sample selection, and it permits the explicit expression of uncertainty with estimates of variance and confidence intervals. In this case study of the Van Duzen River Basin of northwestern California, erosion and sediment delivery originating after 1955 were estimated using a ratio estimator for air-photo-identifiable features greater than 3800 m3 and a stratified random sample (STRS) of field plots to quantify smaller erosion features. A method is also illustrated for estimating the variance of the ratio of two STRS estimates. Variance estimation permits one to partition the uncertainty associated with different kinds of erosion measurements. The most reliable estimates were obtained from discrete hillslope features, while earthflow yield estimates had extremely high variance. The variance estimates presented can be used to determine sample sizes and allocations required to meet the objectives of future investigations in similar terrain types. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Not Just Fun and Games: Digital Play, Gender and Attitudes Towards Technology

Data about analog and digital play behaviors were collected. Results show that there are significant gender differences in types of play, attitudes towards play, and technological self-efficacy in the study population. Those who play with digital technology feel more empowered in relation to digital technology than those who do not. Encouraging digital gameplay in females might increase self-efficacy towards technology and help address the current deficit of females in technology-related fields.
Whole-Mount in Situ Hybridization of Cell-Type-Specific mRNAs in Dictyostelium

We have been able to hybridize nonradioactive probes from cell-type-specific genes to fixed whole-mounts prepared at the mound, slug, and culminant stages of Dictyostelium development. The cellular patterns of labeling with probes from the prespore gene, cotB, and the prestalk genes, ecmA and ecmB, confirmed the patterns seen in strains carrying reporter constructs in which the regulatory regions of these genes drive beta-galactosidase. This technique permits the direct observation of protein synthetic capacity from characterized genes without the need of generating transformed lines carrying specific reporter constructs. Moreover, the pattern is not complicated by a previous developmental history of gene expression.
Clofibrate microcapsules II: Effect of wall thickness on release characteristics

The effect of wall thickness on the release characteristics of clofibrate from microcapsules prepared in gelatin-sodium sulfate was investigated. The wall thickness, calculated by recovering the wall material from the microcapsules and using the relationship between two concentric spheres, was related to the surface area of the droplets being encapsulated. Thinner walled microcapsules gave faster release and showed greater deviation from zero-order kinetics but followed the square root of time plots. Microcapsules having thicker walls approximated zero-order release but deviated from the square root of time plots. A theoretical model was developed to explain the release characteristics of the microcapsules. A linear correlation was found between the wall thickness and the in vitro t50% release time.
Student perceptions of instructional and personality characteristics of faculty: A canonical analysis.

A relationship between teacher personality variables (interpersonal, task and feedback orientation) and evaluations is demonstrated.
Perceived Resources and Environmental Correlates of Domain-Specific Physical Activity in Rural Midwestern Adults

Background: Rural adults participate in lower levels of physical activity (PA) than urban or suburban adults. Due to known effects of the environment on PA participation, this study examined perceived ecological correlates (social, environmental, and policy) of domain- and intensity-specific PA in rural adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was completed by 143 individuals residing in the rural Midwest. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; correlates of PA were measured using a modified version of the PA in Communities Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using general linear modeling. Results: Predictors of PA included: employers providing time for exercise (P = .0003); available shopping malls (P = .0032); activity-friendly community aspects (P = .0048); favorable policy attitudes (P = .0018): participation in sports (P < .0001); encouragement from friends (P = .0136); awareness (P = .0015) and use (P = .0113) of community resources; and havi...
Measures of Imbalance for Unbalanced Models

Abstract : This paper presents a procedure to measure the degree of imbalance of an unbalanced data set. The procedure is based on choosing an appropriate loglinear model for the subclass frequencies of the data. A measure of imbalance is then introduced as some function of the chi-squared statistic used in the goodness-of-fit test for the loglinear model. The proposed procedure can also be used to measure departures from certain types of balancce, such as proportionality of subclass frequencies, partial balance, and last-stage uniformity. (Author)
Synthesis and characterization of dextran-methacrylate hydrogels and structural study by SEM.

The objectives of this study were to develop a simple and reproducible method for the preparation of the hydrogel precursor dextran-methacrylate and to conduct a visual observation of the interior structure of the swollen dextran-methacrylate hydrogel with minimum artifacts. A dextran-methacrylate hydrogel precursor was synthesized by reacting dextran with methacrylic anhydride in the presence of triethylamine as a catalyst. The effects of reaction time, temperature, concentration, and catalyst amount were studied to obtain a wide range of degree of substitution (DS) in dextran by methacrylate. The dextran-methacrylate synthesized showed an enhanced solubility in water and common organic solvents. UV irradiation of dextran-methacrylate by a long-wave UV lamp (365 nm) generated a photocrosslinked hydrogel. This dextran-methacrylate hydrogel showed a range of swelling ratio from 67 to 227% and exhibited an increase in swelling ratio with a decrease in methacrylate substitution. The pH of the swelling media did not affect the swelling behavior of the dextran-methacrylate hydrogels at all the degrees of substitution used. Special cryofixation and cryofracturing techniques were used to prepare aqueous swollen dextran-methacrylate hydrogel samples for SEM observation of their surface and interior structures. A unique three-dimensional porous structure was observed in the swollen hydrogel but was absent in the unswollen hydrogel. Different pore sizes and morphologies between the surface and the interior of swollen hydrogels also were observed.
The Importance of Emotional and Social Isolation to Loneliness Among Very Old Rural Adults

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of emotional and social isolation to loneliness among very old rural adults. The sample (N = 119) was selected using a compact area cluster sampling design. Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional isolation--more specifically, the loss of spouse--accounted for more loneliness than social isolation. Hearing acuity and visits with siblings (social isolation variables) were also significant predictors of loneliness. The implications for loneliness interventions are discussed.
Animal Model of Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency I. Hormonal Responses to LHRH Immunoneutralization

Morphologic changes in the male reproductive system of mongrel dogs immunized against LHRH were quantitated using linear measurements and morphometric techniques at the light-microscopic level. Two experimental groups (5 nonimmunized control animals and 5 actively immunized animals) were killed 12 weeks after the primary immunization. No significant differences were observed between three immunized dogs having low LHRH antibody titers (immunized-unaffected) and the five nonimmunized control dogs. The two immunized dogs (affected) with the highest antibody titers against LHRH were characterized by atrophy and dedifferentiation of the testes, prostate, and excurrent ducts. The morphologic changes in the testes of these two dogs were striking and included an apparent arrest or significant reduction in the spermatogenic process, concurrent epithelial degeneration, and apparent diminution of Leydig cell mass. Drastic reductions in the size of the prostatic acini and epithelial cells, as well as loss of secretory granules, reflected depression of function and androgen production. Similarly, in the excurrent ducts decreases in the measured parameters and loss of regional cytoplasmic specialization denoted functional decrescence. This study demonstrates the regressive effects of LHRH immunoneutralization on the morphology of the reproductive system in the male dog and further supports the feasibility of this system as an animal model for the study of isolated gonadotropin deficiency.
Singular perturbations of nonlinear boundary value problems arising in chemical flow reactors

Abstract The boundary value problem governing reactant concentration in a chemical flow reactor with axial diffusion includes a second order nonlinear differential equation with an inhomogeneous boundary condition at the inlet and a homogeneous boundary condition at the outlet. By considering the second order diffusion term as a singular perturbation on the reactor flow and kinetics, closed form approximations have been generated for the axial concentration profiles. The analytic approximations for the isothermal reaction of a single substance agree well with corresponding numerical solutions obtained by Fan and Bailie using finite difference methods in conjunction with a digital computer That singular perturbation methods can provide generality and flexibility in interpreting the physical behavior of flow reactors is demonstrated by extending the approach to multi-substance isothermal reactors and to single-substance adiabatic reactors, cases which have hitherto proved intractable to analysis and have not been investigated numerically, presumably because of the large number of parameters involved.
Psychosocial and emotional sequelae of individuals with traumatic brain injury: a literature review and recommendations.

The psychosocial problems of decreased social contact, depression, and loneliness that occur for many with traumatic brain injury (TBI) create a major challenge for enhancing efforts at community re-entry. Despite dramatic physical progress within the first six months after injury, these psychosocial problems remain a persistent long-term problem for the majority of individuals with severe TBI. Researchers have consistently suggested that the psychosocial problems associated with TBI may actually be the major challenge facing rehabilitation. The majority of individuals who sustain TBI are young males between the ages of 19 and 25, who are in the early stages of establishing their independence in areas including friendships, leisure activities, intimate relationships, residence, and employment. The problems of social isolation and decreased leisure activities create a renewed dependence of the survivor on his/her family to meet these needs. In this article we review a large number of papers which examine t...
Decision making of an electricity supplier's bid in a spot market

In a market environment, profitability is the main objective for market players. This paper describes an environment in which suppliers sell electricity via a single auction system, e.g., the UK market. The suppliers submit bids to sell electricity. The market is cleared by maximizing social welfare, subject to power system operational constraints. The bidding decision is optimized from a single supplier's viewpoint. A probabilistic model is proposed for competing suppliers. Their bids are described by probability distributions constructed from decision-maker's observations. The single supplier's decision-making problem is solved by stochastic optimization. The expected value of the profit is calculated over the decision options. This study also shows that in a "multiplecommodity second price auction", the suppliers have an incentive to bid at marginal costs.
Nuclear localization is required for Dishevelled function in Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Dishevelled (Dsh) is a key component of multiple signaling pathways that are initiated by Wnt secreted ligands and Frizzled receptors during embryonic development. Although Dsh has been detected in a number of cellular compartments, the importance of its subcellular distribution for signaling remains to be determined. We report that Dsh protein accumulates in cell nuclei when Xenopus embryonic explants or mammalian cells are incubated with inhibitors of nuclear export or when a specific nuclear-export signal (NES) in Dsh is disrupted by mutagenesis. Dsh protein with a mutated NES, while predominantly nuclear, remains fully active in its ability to stimulate canonical Wnt signaling. Conversely, point mutations in conserved amino-acid residues that are essential for the nuclear localization of Dsh impair the ability of Dsh to activate downstream targets of Wnt signaling. When these conserved residues of Dsh are replaced with an unrelated SV40 nuclear localization signal, full Dsh activity is restored. Consistent with a signaling function for Dsh in the nucleus, treatment of cultured mammalian cells with medium containing Wnt3a results in nuclear accumulation of endogenous Dsh protein. These findings suggest that nuclear localization of Dsh is required for its function in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We discuss the relevance of these findings to existing models of Wnt signal transduction to the nucleus.
Spread spectrum technology for the command post on the move

Discusses the operating conditions for broadband CDMA cellular systems as they may be used for mobile command posts. The authors conclude that the mobile command post will permit communication of voice and data with no performance degradation as compared to a fixed command post. >
Modeling optical microscope images of integrated circuit structures

The waveguide model has been extended so that light scattering problems in semiconductor structures due to illumination of arbitrary polarization can be solved. A numerical algorithm has been developed so that once the characteristic matrix of the structure is set up, the reflected scattering matrix can be calculated efficiently. The validity of the model was examined both theoretically and experimentally, and good results have been obtained. With this modeling capability, we can successfully simulate accurate optical images of semiconductor structures obtained from various microscopes including polarization-dependent ones such as Nomarski microscopes.
Blepharoptosis and HAART related mitochondrial myopathy.

AbstractPurpose: To report a case of blepharoptosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with biopsy confirmed mitochondrial deletions consistent with HAART related myopathy.Methods: A 51-year-old man with HIV demonstrated visually significant ptosis after being on HAART therapy for over 20 years.Results: Muscle tissue biopsy following blepharoplasty was analyzed and found to have significant mitochondrial deletions.Conclusions: This patient represents a case of isolated ptosis consistent with acquired myopathy secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction without systemic manifestations otherwise seen in inherited mitochondrial disorders.
Quality distribution and yield theory for diode laser fabrication

Summary form only given. The ability to understand predict, and interpret fabrication yield is extremely important for efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. Here, we present a yield theory derived from simple fundamental equations. This theory is compared with a large number of sets of experimental data, including threshold current, voltage, and wavelength distributions of both vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and edge-emitting lasers.
The KRAB Zinc Finger Protein RSL1 Regulates Sex- and Tissue-Specific Promoter Methylation and Dynamic Hormone-Responsive Chromatin Configuration

Over 400 Kruppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) are encoded in mammalian genomes. While KRAB-ZFPs strongly repress transcription in vitro, little is known about their biological function or gene targets in vivo. Regulator of sex limitation 1 (Rsl1), one of the first KRAB-Zfp genes assigned a physiological role, accentuates sex-biased liver gene expression, most dramatically for mouse sex-limited protein (Slp), which provides an in vivo reporter of KRAB-ZFP function. Slp is induced in males in the liver and kidney by growth hormone (GH) and androgen, respectively. In the liver but not kidney, the Rsl1 genotype correlates with methylation of a CpG dinucleotide in the Slp promoter that is demethylated at puberty. RSL1 binds 2 kb upstream of the Slp promoter, both in vitro and in vivo, within an enhancer containing response elements for STAT5b. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate that RSL1 recruits KAP1/TRIM28, the corepressor for KRAB action in vitro, to this enhancer. Slp induction requires rapid cycling of STAT5b in chromatin. Remarkably, RSL1 simultaneously binds adjacent to STAT5b with a reciprocal binding pattern that limits hormonal response. These experiments demonstrate a surprisingly dynamic interplay between a hormonal activator, STAT5b, and a KRAB-ZFP repressor and provide unique insights into KRAB-ZFP epigenetic mechanisms.
An extended bottleneck model: Accounting for the metabolic turnover effect in microorganisms

The bottleneck model proposed by Powell1 can describe the growth rate hysteresis effect, but fails to account for the stationary state of microbial cultures. It is modified to obtain an extended bottleneck model (EBM), which adequately represents the stationary state of microbial cultures. The basis for modification is the metabolic turnover of proteins in microorganisms. Under special conditions the EBM can be reduced to the Powell bottleneck model or the Monod model. The EBM yields improved predictions of the transient growth of E. coli in nitrogen limited cultures.
Reducing Anchor Loss in MEMS Resonators Using Mesa Isolation

In microelectromechanical systems resonators, dissipation of energy through anchor points into the substrate adds to resonator energy loss, contributing to low values of Q. A design for improving Q based on the reflection of anchor-generated surface acoustic waves is presented here. In this design, the resonator is surrounded by a trench, or a mesa, that partially reflects the wave energy back to the resonator. Depending on the distance from the resonator to the mesa, the reflected wave interferes either constructively or destructively with the resonator, increasing or decreasing Q. The proposed design is experimentally tested using a dome-shaped flexural mode resonator for a range of distances of the mesa from the resonator. Improvements in Q of up to 400% are observed. The resonator/mesa system is modeled using a commercially available finite-element code. Experiments and simulations compare well, suggesting that a finite-element-method analysis can be used in the preliminary design of mesas for the optimization of Q. The concept of using mesas to improve Q is simulated for both flexural and in-plane modes of vibration.
The eukaryotic transcriptional machinery: complexities and mechanisms unforeseen

The temporal and spatial expression of specific genes is central to processes such as development, differentiation and homeostasis in eukaryotes, and is regulated primarily at the level of transcription. An understanding of the molecular basis for this regulation has presented a major challenge for the past 40 years. After early insights into genetic control mechanisms in prokaryotes, elegantly elaborated in the classic 1961 paper of Jacob and Monod, it was anticipated by many that similar principles would apply in eukaryotes. However, early studies in animal cells faced the problem of genomic complexity (including reiterated DNA sequences) and the lack of tractable genetic approaches. By the time I entered graduate school in the mid 1960s, the general RNA classes—ribosomal (rRNA), transfer (tRNA), messenger (mRNA) and the enigmatic heterogeneous nuclear (hnRNA)—had been recognized, and variations in the levels of these RNA classes were being defined during various growth, developmental, hormonal and viral responses. However, except for the early work from the laboratories of Max Birnstiel and Don Brown on the purification and structural analysis of the amplified rRNA
The aircraft energy efficiency active controls technology program

Broad outlines of the NASA Aircraft Energy Efficiency Program for expediting the application of active controls technology to civil transport aircraft are presented. Advances in propulsion and airframe technology to cut down on fuel consumption and fuel costs, a program for an energy-efficient transport, and integrated analysis and design technology in aerodynamics, structures, and active controls are envisaged. Fault-tolerant computer systems and fault-tolerant flight control system architectures are under study. Contracts with leading manufacturers for research and development work on wing-tip extensions and winglets for the B-747, a wing load alleviation system, elastic mode suppression, maneuver-load control, and gust alleviation are mentioned.
Phenotypic Characterization of Recent Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States

Abstract Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, has been reported in the United States and Canada since the mid-nineteenth century. Due to the lack of or very limited sexual reproduction, the populations of P. infestans in the United States are primarily reproducing asexually and, thus, show a simple genetic structure. The emergence of new clonal lineages of P. infestans (US-22, US-23, and US-24) responsible for the late blight epidemics in the northeastern region of the United States in the summers of 2009 and 2010 stimulated an investigation into phenotypic traits associated with these genotypes. Mating type, differences in sensitivity to mefenoxam, differences in pathogenicity on potato and tomato, and differences in rate of germination were studied for clonal lineages US-8, US-22, US-23, and US-24. Both A1 and A2 mating types were detected. Lineages US-22, US-23, and US-24 were generally sensitive to mefenoxam while US-8 was resistant. US-8 and US-24 were primarily pathogenic...
Properties of vortices in the self-similar turbulent jet

Instantaneous, two-dimensional velocity mea- surements were conducted in the axial plane of a self- similar turbulent axisymmetric jet. The velocity fields were high-pass filtered to expose the vortical structures. An automated method was used to identify the radial and axial coordinates of the vortex centers and rotational sense, and to measure their size, circulation, vorticity, and energy. New insights into turbulent jets are obtained by plotting statistical distributions for vortex properties as functions of Reynolds number and radial position. While the probability of finding a vortex is uniform up to the edge of the jet, the strongest eddies in the high-pass fil- tered field occur near the jet axis. The average circulation is directly proportional to the vortex size. The Reynolds number strongly affects the average vorticity, circulation, and energy of the eddies. However, the normalized curves show a good collapse implying that the jet is indeed self- similar. Results for the left and right half-planes of the jet are also presented. Interestingly, we find that contrary to customary drawings of jet flows, a substantial number of both clockwise and counter-clockwise rotating eddies exist on both sides of the jet axis, with almost equal numbers of oppositely rotating vortices close to the jet axis. Further, the disparity in the number of oppositely rotating eddies in each half-plane increases with the eddy size. Never- theless, these results are consistent with the well-known radial vorticity distribution of axisymmetric jets.
Clinical issues in social-skills training with adolescents

Abstract Adolescence is a transitional period in which interpersonal interactions and behaviors necessary for successful social functioning become increasingly complex. Fortunately, social-skills training has moved beyond basic skill acquisition toward a method characterized by techniques designed to promote generalization and maintenance of an effective interpersonal repertoire. The present paper reviews relevant empirical literature for clinical issues in social-skills training with adolescents. Clinical issues are discussed in the context of the developmental stage of adolescence, and include: (a) Generalization and maintenance; (b) social validation; (c) compliance and resistance; (d) confidentiality; (e) practicality; and (f) termination. Future directions for research and clinical intervention are also discussed.
The Effect of Changes in Cell Geometry Associated with Freezing on the Radiation Dose from Decay of Internal Isotopes

(1982). The Effect of Changes in Cell Geometry Associated with Freezing on the Radiation Dose from Decay of Internal Isotopes. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 99-103.
Bad Blood between Countries: A Call for International Regulation of the Blood Industry

The management of blood products varies significantly around the globe. The fact that there is no standardized regulation of the blood industry even though blood products are imported and exported worldwide results in a potential threat to the well being of donors not only within a given country but also globally. This paper examines the differences in blood safety management around the world and then describes six impediments to the delivery of safe blood products worldwide. The paper concludes by identifying some changes that are necessary in the global management of blood products if the world's blood supply is to be considered safe. Clearly international regulation of this life-giving industry is necessary.
The Spherical Dual for p-adic Groups

The local Langlands conjectures have played a very significant role in the study of the representation theory of reductive algebraic groups. Roughly they say that the parametrization of equivalence classes of irreducible representations should be given in terms of conjugacy classes of continuous homomorphisms of the Weil group W F into the dual group L G. When G is split, the local Langlands conjectures say basically that the parametrization of equivalence classes of irreducible representations should be given in terms of conjugacy classes of homomorphisms of the Weil group W F into the dual group L G. More precisely, let V G be the connected complex group with root data dual to the root data of G. Then consider V G conjugacy classes of continuous homomorphisms $$\phi :W_\mathbb{R} \to ^L G$$ (0.1) , such that the image consists of semisimple elements. In the real case, these conjectures were crucial for the classification of admissible irreducible (g, K) modules in the work of Langlands, Shelstad, Knapp—Zuckerman and Vogan. In the p-adic case they play a significant role in the work of Kazhdan—Lusztig and Lusztig. There is a technical modification in that one considers maps of the Weil—Deligne—Langlands group, $$\phi :W_\mathbb{F} \times SL(2) \to \,^L G$$ (0.2) .
The ototronix MAXUM middle ear implant for severe high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss: Preliminary results

Objectives/Hypothesis To report the preliminary results of the Ototronix MAXUM middle ear implant for treatment of severe high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Study Design Case series with chart review. Methods Six consecutive ears with severe high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (≥75 dB HL at 2, 3, and 4 kHz) and poor aided word recognition performance (≤60% single words) underwent implantation of the MAXUM system at a single, private otologic referral center. Primary outcome measures included frequency-specific functional gain and word recognition score improvement compared to optimally fitted hearing aids. Results Six ears, in four adult patients (two female; median age 67.5 years) were included. The median unaided preoperative high-frequency pure-tone average (HFPTA) (2, 3, and 4 kHz) was 80.0 dB (range, 75.0–85.0 dB), and the median best-aided word recognition score was 48.0% (range, 24%–60%). The median HFPTA functional gain with the MAXUM system was 47.2 dB, a 25.0 dB improvement (range, 16.7–33.3 dB) (P = .03) over optimally fit hearing aids, and the median word recognition score with MAXUM was 81.5%, a 42.0% improvement (range, 20%–48%) (P = .03) with the MAXUM middle ear implant over optimally fitted hearing aids. Conclusions These preliminary data demonstrate that the MAXUM middle ear implant provides superior functional gain and word recognition scores in quiet for patients with severe high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss compared to optimally fitted hearing aids. Future studies with greater patient numbers and patient reported outcome measures are needed to confirm these promising but preliminary results. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2016
Startup and Steady-State Performance of a New Renewable Hydroprocessed Depolymerized Cellulosic Diesel Fuel in Multiple Diesel Engines

A new Hydroprocessed Depolymerized Cellulosic Diesel (HDCD) fuel has been developed using a process which takes biomass feedstock (principally cellulosic wood) to produce a synthetic fuel that has nominally 1/2 cyclo-paraffins and 1/2 aromatic hydrocarbons in content. This HDCD fuel with a low cetane value (Derived Cetane Number from the Ignition Quality Tester, DCN = 27) was blended with naval distillate fuel (NATO symbol F-76) in various quantities and tested in order to determine how much HDCD could be blended before diesel engine operation became problematic. Blends of 20% HDCD (DCN = 45), 30%, 40% (DCN = 41) and 60% HDCD (DCN = 37) by volume were tested with conventional naval distillate fuel (DCN = 49). Engine start performance was evaluated with a conventional mechanically Direct Injected (DI) Yanmar engine and a Waukesha mechanical indirect injected (IDI) CFR diesel engine, and showed that engine start times increased steadily with increasing HDCD content. Longer start times with increasing HDCD content were the result of some engine cycles with poor combustion leading to a slower rate of engine acceleration towards rated speed. A repeating sequence of alternating cycles which combust followed by a non-combustion cycle were common during engine run-up. Additionally, steady state engine testing was also performed using both engines. HDCD has a significantly higher bulk modulus than F76 due to its very high aromatic content, and the engines showed earlier Start of Injection (SOI) timing with increasing HDCD content for equivalent operating conditions. Additionally, due to the lower DCN, the higher HDCD blends showed moderately longer Ignition Delay (IGD) with moderately shorter overall burn durations. Thus, the mid-combustion metric (CA50: 50% burn duration Crank Angle position) was only modestly affected with increasing HDCD content. Increasing HDCD content beyond 40% led to significantly longer start times.© 2015 ASME
Tuning the Electrochemistry of Re26+ Species with Divergent Bicyclic Guanidinate Ligands and by Modification of Axial π Interactions

Four Re26+ paddlewheel compounds with equatorial bicyclic guanidinate ligands and two monodentate anions in axial positions show a large change in the metal−metal distance that depends on the bite angle of the ligands and whether there are pi interactions between the dimetal unit and the axial ligands. These processes are accompanied by significant changes in the redox behavior. The two pairs of compounds that have been synthesized are Re2(tbn)4Cl2, 1, and Re2(tbn)4(SO3CF3)2, 2, as well as Re2(tbo)4Cl2, 3, and Re2(tbo)4(SO3CF3)2, 4, where tbn is the anion of a bicyclic guanidinate with six- and five-membered rings (1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-6-ene) and tbo is an analogous species with two five-membered rings (the anion of 1,4,6-triazabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-4-ene). For both 1 and 2 as well as for 3 and 4, the metal−metal distances are shorter for the triflate species than for the chloride analogues because of the π interactions of the Cl with the π bonds of the triply bonded Re26+ cores compounded by a small...
Zika Virus Disease in Travelers Returning to the United States, 2010–2014

Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that typically causes a mild febrile illness with rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis. Zika virus has recently caused large outbreaks of disease in southeast Asia, Pacific Ocean Islands, and the Americas. We identified all positive Zika virus test results performed at U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2010 to 2014. For persons with test results indicating a recent infection with Zika virus, we collected information on demographics, travel history, and clinical features. Eleven Zika virus disease cases were identified among travelers returning to the United States. The median age of cases was 50 years (range: 29-74 years) and six (55%) were male. Nine (82%) cases had their illness onset from January to April. All cases reported a travel history to islands in the Pacific Ocean during the days preceding illness onset, and all cases were potentially viremic while in the United States. Public health prevention messages about decreasing mosquito exposure, preventing sexual exposure, and preventing infection in pregnant women should be targeted to individuals traveling to or living in areas with Zika virus activity. Health-care providers and public health officials should be educated about the recognition, diagnosis, and prevention of Zika virus disease.
Distribution and Drug resistance of pathogens Isolated from severe hand-foot-mouth disease with ventilator-associated pneumonia between 2010-2011

Objective:To explore distribution and drug resistance of pathogens Isolated from severe hand-foot-mouth disease with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)and to provide a reasonable basis for the clinical use of antibiotics.Methods:A total of 31 severe hand-foot-mouth disease with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)patients in ICU in our hospital between January 2010-December 2011,retrospective analysis of sputum culture and drug sensitivity of pathogens isolated.Results:Infection rate was 31.31%,isolated 54 pathogens were all Gram-negative bacteria.Strains were isolated from severe hand-foot-mouth disease with VAP patients.The first was the Pseudomonas aeruginosa then were non-fermenting gram-negative and acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions:Severe hand-foot-mouth disease with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) patients were maily gram-negative bacteria,third-generation cephalosporins,sulfonamides,can be the first concurrent drug of choice as a clinical treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hand,foot and mouth with(VAP).Monocyclic β-lactams,sulfonamides,third-generation cephalosporins as a non-fermenting gram-negative infection drug of choice.Monocyclic β-lactams,third-generation cephalosporins as Acinetobacter infection drug of choice.
Extended Newsboy Problem Based on Fuzzy Random Demand

This paper made search for single period fuzzy random demand inventory system optimization problem based on fuzzy random demand expected value theory. The paper set up a fuzzy random Newsboy model and a fuzzy random programming Newsboy model which make whole fuzzy random profit maximum.The paper put forward an intelligence algorithm based on genetic algorithm combined with computer fuzzy random variable simulation.
The Field Application of SVT20 Spinning Drop Video Tensiometer to Improve Oil Recovery

Surfactant flooding is very important to enhance oil recovery in the late stage of oilfield development.Appropriate surfactants should be chosen according to the magnitude of interfacial tension.There are a lot of methods for measuring interfacial tension,the close attention was paid to spinning drop method.SVT20 spinning drop video tensiometer,a new type of instrument imported from Germany can be used easily and operated simply.The application was not good due to many factors impacting the measurement of interfacial tension.The experiment using SVT20 spinning drop video tensiometer for accurate measurement were conducted with consideration of the following prospect,the rotary speed,droplet size,the light source,effect of bubbles,and its elimination,etc.The best rotary speeds ranged from 5 000 to 8 000 rpm,and the injected droplet size ranged from 0.3 to 0.8μl.Theoretically,the lower the interfacial tension of driving agent,the better the oil displacement effect.The interfacial tensions of some surfactants were measure in laboratory,the corresponding core displacement experiments were conducted and the experiment results agree with theoretical analysis.
Protein inhibitors of crystal growth.

AbstractNephrocalcin is a urinary glycopeptide that may be a physiological inhibitor of nephrolithiasis. Monomeric nephrocalcin purified from ethylenediaminetetracetic acid-treated urine is 14,000 daltons. Compositional analyses indicate that nephrocalcin is 10 per cent carbohydrate by weight and that 25 per cent of the amino acid residues are acidic (glutamic acid, aspartic acid and γ-carboxyglutamic acid). Nephrocalcin binds reversibly to calcium oxalate crystals with a dissociation constant of about 0.5 µM. The high collapse pressure of nephrocalcin, 41.5 dynes per cm., measured for a monolayer at the air-water interface, suggests a highly organized structure in which hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions occupy separate regions on the surface of the inhibitor. Nephrocalcin contains the unusual amino acid, γ-carboxyglutamic acid. Nephrocalcin isolated from urine of stone formers and from kidney stones does not contain γ-carboxyglutamic acid and it has altered surface properties compared to normal nephroc...
Development of a novel key-derivation function for speed, security and simplicity in picture-passphrase encryption

A new key-derivation function is proposed with the purposes of improved speed, better usability, and security in picture-passphrase based encryption. Certain encryption software use key-derivation functions (KDFs) such as PBKDF2, which can be computationally expensive and too slow to be used in some systems. Although some technologies will be able to withstand lower usability or efficiency from certain implementations of slow KDFs, others may not; it is therefore necessary to choose the best key derivation function that meets security, usability, and efficiency requirements. Our algorithm takes a passphrase and a picture as input and, based on the passphrase, randomly selects pixels from the picture to be converted to binary strings to be used as keys. In this paper, an introduction is given, followed by background material and an analysis of the new KDF and its outcomes. Finally, we make a conclusion on the finding.
Differences between nuclear and microsomal cytochrome P-450 in uninduced and induced rat liver.

Cytochrome P-450 in rat liver nuclei was distinguishable from that in the corresponding liver microsomes. Characterization was carried out using carbon monoxide and ethyl isocyanide binding difference spectra. Nuclear cytochrome P-450 in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced animals had different spectral properties from the nuclear cytochrome P-450 in uninduced and phenobarbital-induced animals. These spectral data demonstrate that hepatic nuclear cytochrome P-450 differs from the microsomal species.
A Measurement of the Magnetic Moment of Oxygen Isolated in a Methane Lattice

This study of the proton magnetic resonance line shape of CH4 examines in detail the broadening by a dilute mixture of unlike spins. Usual treatments of such broadening1 assume the magnetic moment of an unlike spin to be the same order of magnitude as that of the spin on which the NMR observation takes place. In this case, however, the unlike spin is that of the Σ3 state of an oxygen molecule. Since its magnetic moment is much larger than that of CH4, some modifications must be made in the theory.