cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE SECOND DECADE OF THE FACULTY PUBLICATION PROJECT: JOURNAL ARTICLE PUBLICATIONS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FACULTY SCHOLARSHIP

This report summarizes the findings of the Faculty Publication Project for 2000–2004 and examines the association between faculty scholarship expectations and publication productivity at the leading graduate programs. Findings suggest higher rates of faculty publication in recent years and increases in multi-authored publications and articles published in non-social work journals. However, the correlation between the scholarship expectation and publication was not statistically significant when controlled; rather U.S. News and World Report's ratings of master of social work programs continue to be the major correlate of publication productivity. Implications for the profession, the graduate schools, and for individual faculty members are discussed.
Approximations to the powers of the likelihood ratio tests: the loop ordering and slippage alternatives

Approximations to the power functions of the likelihood ratio tests of homogeneity of normal means against the simple loop ordering at slippage alternatives are considered. If a researcher knows which mean is smallest and which is largest, but does not know how the other means are ordered, then a simple loop ordering is appropriate. The accuracy of the several moment approximations are studied for the case of known variances and it is found that for powers in the range typically of interest, the two-moment approximation seems quite adequate. Approximations based on mixtures of noncentral F variables are developed for the case of unknown variances. The critical values of the test statistics are also tabulated for selected levels of significance.
Correlation Function Analysis Corrects Artifactual Self-Clustering and Reveals Significant Co-Localization of Fceri and Lyn in Resting RBL-2H3 Mast Cells

We use pair auto- and cross-correlation functions to quantify lateral heterogeneity within the plasma membranes of intact RBL-2H3 mast cells. 5nm and 10nm gold-antibody conjugates are used to specifically label plasma membrane proteins and lipids, and these are visualized using scanning electron microscopy with backscatter detection. An automated image-processing algorithm identifies positions of gold particle centers, enabling the processing of large datasets with high particle densities. Consistent with previous studies, we find that gold particles labeling a variety of plasma membrane lipids and proteins are highly self-clustered in resting cells. In contrast to previous studies, we find that this apparent self-clustering can be accounted for by multiple gold particles binding to single target proteins with Gaussian-shaped binding surfaces. This is demonstrated by imaging antibodies covalently conjugated to a silicon surface, by comparing correlation functions for a wide range of cell surface labels with varying surface densities, and by measuring cross-correlations between identical but distinguishable pools of either IgE-FcɛRI or GM1 labeled with cholera toxin B on the cell surface. After correcting for artifactual clustering, we find that all (>5) proteins and lipids examined are not auto-correlated in resting cells at physiological temperatures, within experimental error bounds. In contrast, we find significant cross-correlation between IgE-FcɛRI and the inner leaflet signaling protein Lyn in these unstimulated cells, and this co-clustering is only moderately modulated when membrane cholesterol levels are altered with MβCD. Significant large-scale self-clustering of IgE-FcɛRI occurs upon cross-linking with multivalent antigen, and we describe analytical methods to correct for multiple gold binding and quantify clustering in these stimulated cells. Our correlation function particle distribution approach is likely to have wide applicability in nanoscale image analysis.
The Mercury Arc Cathode

Conduction electrons in the liquid at the arc spot are considered to be heated to about 4000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by electronic bombardment from the vapor while the atomic temperature of the liquid is near 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Thermionic emission apparently yields the arc current plus that returning from the vapor. An arc spot was driven around a circular mercury track by a radial magnetic field. The spot traveled opposite to the ponderomotive force for fields below approximately 5000 gauss with velocity proportional to field strength and showed a negative temperature coefficient. The Righi-Leduc effect considered as a thermomotive force operative in the hot layer of conduction electrons was assumed to drive the spot. The velocity was evaluated in terms of the vertical thermal gradient and compared with the observed, yielding a gradient of about 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ degrees cm. Arcs were extinguished by current pulses of about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ sec. in the same direction as the arc current. This gave means for calculating the total energy of the hot electronic layer, and finally the vertical thermal gradient in good agreement with the value above. The Thomson heat stops losses along this gradient, and is apparently the factor causing the characteristic arc current density.
First-principles studies of the electronic structure of cyclopentene on Si(001) : density functional theory and GW calculations

The electronic structure and ground-state geometry of cyclopentene monolayers on Si(001) are studied using ab initio pseudopotential density-functional theory (DFT). Quasiparticle excitation spectra are calculated within the GW approximation. Both cis and trans cyclopentene monolayers are considered. In both geometries, a strong electronic coupling between the monolayer and Si substrate is found; substantial inter-molecular interactions are present, as indicated by broadening in molecular levels that are decoupled from the substrate. It is argued that the cis structure is kinetically favored, and we evaluate self-energy corrections to the eigenstates of this configuration near the band edges within the GW approximation. The calculated self-energy corrections are large, exceeding those of bulk Si, and increase the energy gap between occupied and unoccupied frontier adsorbate states by 1.3 eV.
Investigation of Increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, November 2001–December 2003

Abstract ISSUE: In November 2001, the number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (PAI) increased in the NICU from 38 in 2000 to 67 (a 43.3% increase). Despite meeting with the NICU leaders to increase awareness of basic infection prevention measures, the increase in PAI continued. Respiratory PAI increased 40% in 2001 compared to 2000. In August 2002, more aggressive interventions were begun. PROJECT: Environmental cultures (EC) were obtained. The NICU was cleaned thoroughly on several occasions between cultures. Water restrictions were imposed for patients and staff. Concurrently, hand cultures (HC) were done on all staff members present in the NICU. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on the positive environmental and staff cultures and was compared to the PFGE done on the patients. In May 2003, an additional intervention was initiated: changing in-line suction catheters every 24 hours instead of three times/week. RESULTS: Forty percent (40%) of patient isolates and 27% of EC grew Pseudomonas spp., and 7% of the HC grew Pseudomonas. All patient isolates, HC, and EC were unique. One HC isolate matched one infant and another matched a second infant's isolate. Although we saw intermittent cases after May 2003, our PAI decreased from 29 in 2002 to 13 in 2003 (55%). Our incidence rate of PAI from endotracheal/nasal suction decreased from 2.4 per 1000 patient days in 2002, to 0.7 in 2003. This is less than our pre-outbreak rate of 1.05. LESSONS LEARNED: Despite several studies indicating that weekly changes of in-line suction catheters is not associated with an increase in ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults, little is known about neonates. In one study looking at neonates, Freytag et al. found that changing the catheter every 72 hours significantly enhanced microbial growth on the catheters and appreciably increased colonization of the lower respiratory tract. Cordero et al. found that when in-line suction catheters were changed daily, colonization with gram-negative organisms occurred significantly less frequently than in infants who were suctioned with single-use catheters. Because changing the respiratory catheter every 24 hours increases costs, more study in this vulnerable population is needed.
Distinguishing accurate from inaccurate eyewitness identifications via inquiries about decision processes

Accurate eyewitness identifications can be distinguished from erroneous ones in part by asking witnesses to describe the decision processes that led to their judgments. In 4 studies, mock witnesses were presented with a videotaped staged crime and then asked to identify the perpetrator from a photo lineup. Of those making positive identifications, accurate witnesses were more likely than their inaccurate counterparts to state that their judgments resulted from automatic recognition (e.g., «His face just 'popped out' at me»). Inaccurate witnesses more frequently stated that they followed a process of elimination strategy (e.g., «I compared the photos to each other to narrow the choices»). A 5th study revealed that people have partial understanding of these principles, and thus are modestly succesful in differentiating accurate from inaccurate identifications
Direct simulation of transport in open-cell metal foam

Flows in porous media may be modeled using two major classes of approaches: (a) a macroscopic approach, where volume-averaged semiempirical equations are used to describe flow characteristics, and (b) a microscopic approach, where small-scale flow details are simulated by considering the specific geometry of the porous medium. In the first approach, small-scale details are ignored and the information so lost is represented in the governing equations using an engineering model. In the second, the intricate geometry of the porous structures is accounted for and the transport through these structures computed. The latter approach is computationally expensive if the entire physical domain were to be simulated. Computational time can be reduced by exploiting periodicity when it exists. In the present work we carry out a direct simulation of the transport in an open-cell metal foam using a periodic unit cell. The foam geometry is created by assuming the pore to be spherical. The spheres are located at the vertices and at the center of the unit cell. The periodic foam geometry is obtained by subtracting the unit cell cube from the spheres. Fluid and heat flow are computed in the periodic unit cell. Our objective in the present study is to obtain the effective thermal conductivity, pressure drop, and local heat transfer coefficient from a consistent direct simulation of the open-cell foam structure. The computed values compare well with the existing experimental measurements and semiempirical models for porosities greater than 94%. The results and the merits of the present approach are discussed.
Dopant activation and surface morphology of ion implanted 4H- and 6H-silicon carbide

The activation of ion-implanted B into 4H-SiC, and B, and Al into 6H-SiC is investigated. Complete activation of B implants into 4H-SiC is achieved by annealing at 1750°C for 40 min in an Ar environment. Significant activation (>10%) is not achieved unless the annealing temperature is 1600°C or greater. Sheet resistances of Al-implanted 6H-SiC annealed at 1800°C are 32.2 kΩ/□, indicating high activation of Al at this temperature. Annealing conditions which result in good acceptor activation are shown to be damaging to the surface of either 4H- or 6H-SiC. Atomic force microscopy and Nomarski differential interference contrast optical microscopy are applied to characterize the surfaces of these polytypes. Roughening of the surfaces is observed following annealing in Ar, with measured roughnesses as large as 10.1 nm for B-implanted 4H-SiC annealed at 1700°C for 40 min. Based on data obtained from these techniques, a model is proposed to describe the roughening phenomenon. The premise of the model is that SiC sublimation and mobile molecules enable the surface to reconfigure itself into an equilibrium form.
Comparative study of retrospective methods to reduce non-uniform illumination effects to bridge coating

Abstract Digital image processing methods have been actively studied and applied to various infrastructure components including bridge painting assessment. Despite the advantages of image recognition techniques to bridge coating, the results can be greatly affected by the non-uniform illumination of target conditions. It is necessary to first convert all images to a standardized background illumination condition. The effect caused from non-uniform illumination can be minimized by setting lighting conditions properly or capturing additional calibration images. However, capturing additional calibration images is not possible in many practical situations and hence a good method of shading correction is required. This paper addresses the way to correct digital bridge coating images containing non-uniform illumination, which becomes more difficult when it comes to assessing facility surfaces with rust defects. In order to choose the most appropriate one, four representative shading correction methods were selected and tested to identify their suitability to processing bridge coating images. These methods include: (1) image smoothing, (2) homomorphic filtering, (3) morphological filtering, and (4) entropy minimization method. Test results on bridge coating images showed that the entropy minimization method outperformed the other three methods.
Individual Consistency in Behavioral State Profiles in Human Fetuses Between 38 and 40 Weeks Gestation

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the degree of consistency in individual state profiles for 12 normal human fetuses examined on three separate occasions between 38 and 40 weeks gestation. For each fetus, heart rate and eye and gross body movements were monitored continuously for two consecutive 120-min periods on each of 3 days. Fetal behavioral states were assigned using the criteria of Nijhuis et al. [1]. The percent time spent in each behavioral state and in transition and insertion periods was determined for each of the three 4-hr study sessions; a within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to obtain an objective measure of state profile consistency for each fetus. For the study population as a whole, there was a large range in the distribution of the state profile consistency statistic (F): two fetuses exhibited no consistency in their state profiles (F = 2.5, F = 11.2), the within-subject state profiles for three fetuses were virtually identical over the three study se...
Power Converter Sizing for a Switched Doubly Fed Machine Propulsion Drive

Doubly fed machines (DFMs) can be used to make variable speed drives (VSDs) that not only provide full shaft speed control but also avoid the need for a dc electrical bus capable of providing full mechanical shaft power. This makes the DFM attractive for any VSD application where the primary power source is ac. Switching configuration of the DFM on-the-fly opens up opportunity to operate the DFM on a wider speed range with reduced power electronics. This paper explores the design requirements for a switched DFM rotor power electronics in full-speed-range VSD applications, including propulsion drives. Tradeoffs are examined for power electronics sizing versus transient settling characteristics.
Physician deception of insurance companies: hyperbole or cause for concern?

Clinicians in contemporary practice are getting accustomed to their clinical decision making being constantly questioned: by health plans, clinic and hospital administrators, and by patients. Share...
Carbohydrate metabolism in exercising horses

Carbohydrate and fat are the predominant sources of energy during exercise in mammals. Carbohydrates, such as muscle glycogen and plasma glucose, and fats from adipose tissue and intramuscular triglycerides are oxidized during exercise in amounts and proportions that vary depending on the exercise intensity, level of fitness and nutritional status. In horses, muscle glycogen, and to a lesser extent plasma glucose, are oxidized in substantial amounts during low-, moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Carbohydrate availability to skeletal muscle affects exercise performance in humans, however this relationship is not well outlined in horses. Glucose supplementation by intravenous administration during exercise in horses increases duration of moderate-intensity exercise. However, the effect of glucose supplementation by ingestion of a soluble carbohydrate-rich meal prior to exercise on athletic performance has not been established in horses. Low muscle glycogen concentrations prior to exercise in horses are associated with decreased time to exhaustion at moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Nutritional interventions intended to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis have proved less successful in horses than in other species. Replenishment of muscle glycogen after strenuous exercise in horses is not complete until 48–72 h after exercise, whereas in humans and laboratory animals it is complete by 24 h. The slower rate of muscle glycogen replenishment after exercise in horses may be related to an inherent lower ability to digest starch and other sources of glucose, a lower ability to synthesize muscle glycogen, or both. The aim of this review is to describe the present understanding of carbohydrate metabolism in the exercising horse, its implications on nutrition and athletic performance, and to contrast it with that in other species.
Cultural Anxiety and the Female Body in Zeffirelli's Hamlet

Xianfeng Mou analyzes in her paper, "Cultural Anxiety and the Female Body in Zeffirelli's Hamlet," the workings of power, both discursive and visual, behind Zeffirelli's handling of the Nunnery and Mousetrap scenes, focusing on feminist interpretations of the female body and female sexuality. Drawing on theories by Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, and Julia Kristeva, Mou analyzes how Zeffirelli, using Hamlet as his spokesman, constructs his negative meanings about Gertrude's sexuality as rampant and aberrant and Ophelia's body as disloyal, insincere, and insignificant. Mou argues that Zeffirelli's discursive and visual constructions confer absolute power upon Hamlet and that this reflects Zeffirelli's intentions as well as society's desire for more power over the female body. That cultural desire, in turn, disguises male anxiety about the power of women in cultural production. Xianfeng Mou, "Cultural Anxiety and the Female Body in Zeffirelli's Hamlet" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 6.1 (2004):
Influence of Dietary Protein Concentration and Degradability on Performance of Lactating Cows during Hot Environmental Temperatures

To test effects of protein concentrations and degradability, 60 lactating Holstein cows in midlactation were offered the following diets during three trials between May and October in Tucson, AZ: high protein (18.4%), high degradability; high protein (18.5%), medium degradability; medium protein (16.1%), high degradability; and medium protein (16.1%), medium degradability. Diets comprised 39% alfalfa hay, 12% cottonseed hulls, 10% whole cottonseed, and 39% concentrate (DM) and concentrates contained 60, 40, 57, and 40% degradability, respectively, as determined by ficin assay. Rectal and ambient temperatures suggested that cows were under moderate to intense heat stress, as did group water intakes, which were increased about 15% by high degradability. Milk yields (3.5% FCM) and persistencies were lower for the high protein, high degradability diet than for all others. Mean DM intakes across treatments were quite high but were lower on high than medium protein; whereas ruminal ammonia and blood serum urea were higher on high protein. Milk composition, ruminal VFA, serum glucose, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and cortisol were not affected by treatment.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF FAMILY TO MEN'S FEAR OF SUCCESS IN COLLEGE

This study examined fear of success in college men in relation to their parents' college education or lack of it. 44 male college freshmen wrote stories to a cue designed to elicit fear of success imagery. Analysis showed more fear of success in students whose parents had not gone to college than in students whose parents had some college experience. The results, taken together with those of previous study by the author, suggest that fear of success in college among men involves fear of rejection and disapproval by significant others—family and friends.
Spectral Effects in the Use of Newton&#8212;Cotes Approximations for Computing Discrete Fourier Transforms

It is possible to view the discrete Fourier transform as the result of approximating the Fourier integral by a trapezoidal rule integration formula. In this correspondence the effects of using higher ordered Newton–Cotes integration formulas are examined. It is shown that in computing the spectrum of a bandlimited process, the trapezoidal rule is preferred when judged by the criterion of choosing the integration formula which leads to the coarsest sampling of the data.
RosettaScripts: A Scripting Language Interface to the Rosetta Macromolecular Modeling Suite

Macromolecular modeling and design are increasingly useful in basic research, biotechnology, and teaching. However, the absence of a user-friendly modeling framework that provides access to a wide range of modeling capabilities is hampering the wider adoption of computational methods by non-experts. RosettaScripts is an XML-like language for specifying modeling tasks in the Rosetta framework. RosettaScripts provides access to protocol-level functionalities, such as rigid-body docking and sequence redesign, and allows fast testing and deployment of complex protocols without need for modifying or recompiling the underlying C++ code. We illustrate these capabilities with RosettaScripts protocols for the stabilization of proteins, the generation of computationally constrained libraries for experimental selection of higher-affinity binding proteins, loop remodeling, small-molecule ligand docking, design of ligand-binding proteins, and specificity redesign in DNA-binding proteins.
Freeze-etching observations on nucleated erythrocytes with special reference to the nuclear and plasma membranes.

Nucleated erythrocytes from several vertebrate species have been examined by utilizing the freeze-etching technique. The cytoplasm of these cells generally contains randomly distributed particles embedded in a smooth matrix although some regional ordering of the particles is occasionally seen.
Risk factors for persistent candidemia infection in a neonatal intensive care unit and its effect on mortality and length of hospitalization

Risk factors for persistent candidemia infection in a neonatal intensive care unit and its effect on mortality and length of hospitalization
Intravascular mucinosis with mucin emboli and thrombosis accompanying adenocarcinomas

Three cases of adenocarcinoma that were complicated by nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are described. In two of these cases mucin was demonstrable within vascular channels as well as within the thrombotic vegetations of the cardiac valves. This intravascular mucin was also responsible for vascular occlusion with resultant infarction in such organs as heart and brain. Intravascular mucin of this magnitude has not been previously recorded and mucinous accumulations behaving as thromboemboli with infarcts have not been heretofore described.
GUIDELINES FOR THEORIZING ABOUT REALIZATION

Realization can be roughly understood as a kind of role-playing, a relationship between a property that plays a role and a property characterized by that role. This rough sketch previously received only moderate elaboration; recently, however, several substantive theories of realization have been proposed. But are there any general constraints on a theory of realization? What is a theory of realization supposed to accomplish? I first argue that a view of realization is viable, in part, to the extent that physical realization under that view explains or accounts for why instances of realized properties are necessitated by how things are physically in a modally strong sense. In this sense, I claim that physical realization should explain physical supervenience. I then call into question two alternative desiderata and raise a challenge for attempts to explicate realization in terms of isomorphism or analogy. Finally, I explain how a causal-functional account of realization, as well as less demanding accounts, can meet the preferred desideratum.
Twin gestations at a community hospital: comparing management styles of private versus resident and maternal–fetal medicine services

Abstract Objective: In 1990, we developed fixed criteria for transfer of multiple gestations to the maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) service. To evaluate these criteria and analyze outcome and quality of care for multiple gestations, a retrospective review of low-risk twin gestations was conducted. Methods: All low-risk twin pregnancies delivered by private and MFM/resident services in 1990–1997 were identified, pertinent data obtained from chart review, and results summarized. Results: Of the low-risk twin pregnancies (n = 491), 73% were seen by private services, 8.5% by MFM, and 18% by resident. Resident patients had a lower average maternal age and less infertility and were higher in parity and gravidity. A greater proportion of MFM patients had significant past medical histories, and more had undergone selective reduction. There was an increased use of oral tocolytics, a higher birth weight, and a higher mean gestational age in the private group. Total rate of cesarean deliveries for private patients was higher when compared with resident/MFM (52%–37%). The rate of combined procedures (vaginal followed by cesarean delivery) was significantly different with 4/90 resident/MFM and 33/151 private services second twins delivered abdominally ( P = 0.02). A greater proportion of breeches were delivered vaginally, and there were more instrumental vaginal deliveries in the resident/MFM group ( P = 0.02). Perinatal morbidity was not different among the groups. Conclusions: Outcome results are similar among private, MFM, and resident services. Differences in practice patterns result in a higher private services cesarean delivery rate. Good outcomes for both groups reflect adherence to management protocols. Use of version and inexperience with breech extraction were major contributors to the higher private cesarean delivery rate.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Rural Adolescent Females: Knowledge, Protected Sex, and Sexual Risk Behaviors

Reduction of cervical cancer morbidity/mortality relies on prevention and early detection of human papillomavirus (HPV). This study examined HPV knowledge, attitudes toward protected sex, and sexual risk behaviors among rural female adolescents, through cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample (n = 159). Data analysis, via the Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS), identified a sexually active sample (64%) with limited knowledge regarding effective sexual protection or HPV. Subjects living with both parents were (a) less knowledgeable about HPV than those living with single parents (b = -2.05, p = 0.035), as well as (b) less likely to be sexually active than those in other living arrangements (55% vs 77%, p = .0082). These findings suggest that the adolescent-parent relationship warrants further exploration in increasing knowledge regarding risk and reducing exposure to HPV.
On the anionic polymerization of cyanogen

The reaction of anionic initiators with cyanogen was investigated by ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectroscopy. It is argued that the reaction proceeds via formation of an analog of the heterocyclic anion C7N7− previously known from the reaction of KCN with (CN)2. The analytical results and spectra of the final black product were indicative of the possible formation of open-structured C7N7− dimers. A molecular model of the dimer suggests why the polymerization might terminate at the dimer stage. The pyrolysis of the cyclic acid HC7N7 was studied with the aim of determining the structure and mechanism of the formation of the resulting black product. It is suggested that this thermally induced polymerization reaction probably proceeds via formation of azomethine-type intermolecular crosslinks and may serve as a model for the investigation of the mechanism of nitrile polymerization in pyrolyzed acrylonitrile polymers.
Correctability of voltage violations in on-line contingency analysis

This paper focuses on determining the correctability of bus voltage violations during the contingency selection process. The present day strategy in the contingency selection function consists of flagging the worst contingency cases for further detailed analysis, when preventive and/or corrective actions are obtained. The worst contingency cases are the ones which bear a large severity or performance index (PI). However, one must take into account that contingencies with a large PI may be easily correctable, whereas contingencies with small PI, that had not even been flagged, may be noncorrectable. Thus, the selection process should flag not only those contingencies with large PI but also those that are not easily correctable. In a previous paper, it was shown that correctability of line overloads can be determined using a first order sensitivity approach with an acceptable increase in contingency selection time. In this paper, the correctability of voltage violations is addressed. Because of the nonlinearities, the algorithm used requires more calculations than the correctability of real power violations, but the additional time needed for the selection process is still quite acceptable for on-line purposes. The paper describes the algorithm, and provides test and timing results. >
Human factors and ergonomics as a patient safety practice

Background Human factors and ergonomics (HFE) approaches to patient safety have addressed five different domains: usability of technology; human error and its role in patient safety; the role of healthcare worker performance in patient safety; system resilience; and HFE systems approaches to patient safety. Methods A review of various HFE approaches to patient safety and studies on HFE interventions was conducted. Results This paper describes specific examples of HFE-based interventions for patient safety. Studies show that HFE can be used in a variety of domains. Conclusions HFE is a core element of patient safety improvement. Therefore, every effort should be made to support HFE applications in patient safety.
Transient radiation hardness of the CMOSV 1.25 micron technology

Several devices fabricated in the AT&T/Sandia CMOSV 1.25 mu m technology have been characterized for transient radiation hardness. Dose rate upset levels exceeding 10/sup 9/ rad(Si)/s were obtained on 16-bit microprocessor, 64 K SRAM and 256 K SRAM ICs. Experimental data on neutron irradiated parts is given. Secondary photocurrents are shown to exist in logic structures which do not have adequate p-well contact placement. Layout guidelines are developed which allow the IC designer to eliminate secondary photocurrents in a given design. >
Antiphospholipid-Protein Antibodies and Ischemic Stroke Not Just Cardiolipin Any More

Within the past decade, cerebral infarction in as many as 40% of patients was not found to have a determined cause based on NINCDS Stroke Data Bank criteria.1 With improved understanding of the complex pathogenic processes leading to ischemic stroke and refined imaging and diagnostic tests, underlying potential causes are more often recognized. Yet, the etiology of ischemic stroke in a discouragingly large number of patients continues to elude clinicians. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies associated with a clinical syndrome characterized by thrombo-occlusive events. Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), detected by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the lupus anticoagulant (LA), which prolongs phospholipid-dependent coagulation assays, are conventional assays for aPL and the ones currently best characterized and standardized.2 3 There is partial concordance between the 2 assays. The preponderance of evidence indicates, however, that LA assay is more specific for patients at risk for thromboembolic events.4 In contrast, the aCL assay is more sensitive but nonspecific and could be found also in various contexts ranging from health to certain medications, malignancies, and infectious diseases. aCL have been identified in approximately 10% of unselected patients with first ischemic stroke.5 The isotype mainly implicated in thrombosis is IgG, more specifically subtype IgG2.6 Recent data suggest that the presence of high titers of aCL immunoreactivity, mainly IgG isotype but possibly also IgM, correlates with an increased risk of thrombosis.7 8 9 Generally, titers of IgG aCL implicated are >40 GPL, although this is a somewhat arbitrary cutoff point and is dependent on the test systems, which are not standardized. Data accumulating over the last few years have radically changed our understanding of the antigenic specificities of the autoantibodies associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome (aPS) and the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these antibodies. …
Spontaneous Perforation of Meckel's Diverticulum in a Neonate.

A 7-day-old neonate weighing 2.5kg was referred to our department with abdominal distention for four days and absolute constipation for 2 days. The baby was born by C-Section at full term and was given rose water and few sips of cow’s milk after birth. He passed meconium normally. The baby started bilious vomiting on 2nd day of life followed by abdominal distention on the next day. On 7th day the abdomen became tense. On clinical examination the patient was tachypneic and the abdomen was tense and distended. Bowel sounds were absent. Rectum was empty on rectal examination. The laboratory investigations showed a deranged clotting profile. An erect abdominal x-ray was advised for the suspicion of a perforation, which showed free gas under the diaphragm.
Role of Dipicolinic Acid in the Germination, Stability, and Viability of Spores of Bacillus subtilis

Spores of Bacillus subtilis spoVF strains that cannot synthesize dipicolinic acid (DPA) but take it up during sporulation were prepared in medium with various DPA concentrations, and the germination and viability of these spores as well as the DPA content in individual spores were measured. Levels of some other small molecules in DPA-less spores were also measured. These studies have allowed the following conclusions. (i) Spores with no DPA or low DPA levels that lack either the cortex-lytic enzyme (CLE) SleB or the receptors that respond to nutrient germinants could be isolated but were unstable and spontaneously initiated early steps in spore germination. (ii) Spores that lacked SleB and nutrient germinant receptors and also had low DPA levels were more stable. (iii) Spontaneous germination of spores with no DPA or low DPA levels was at least in part via activation of SleB. (iv) The other redundant CLE, CwlJ, was activated only by the release of high levels of DPA from spores. (v) Low levels of DPA were sufficient for the viability of spores that lacked most α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins. (vi) DPA levels accumulated in spores prepared in low-DPA-containing media varied greatly between individual spores, in contrast to the presence of more homogeneous DPA levels in individual spores made in media with high DPA concentrations. (vii) At least the great majority of spores of several spoVF strains that contained no DPA also lacked other major spore small molecules and had gone through some of the early reactions in spore germination.
The Social Science History Association: The Network on Workers and Industrialization

The annual business meeting of the Network on Workers and Industrializa tion was held at the Social Science History Association Convention in Nashville last October. A number of interesting and significant decisions were reached there. The Network first offered a strong vote of thanks to the Executive Board members whose terms expired in 1981: Ronald Aminzade (Sociology?Europe, University of Wisconsin, Madison), Michael Hanagan (History?Europe, Vander bilt University), and Thomas Dublin (History?U.S., University of California, San Diego). The addition of three new members was authorized: Richard Barett (Sociology?Asia, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle), Florencia Mallon (His tory?Latin America, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), and Helen I. Safa (Anthropology?Latin America, Univ. of Florida). Continuing members of the Board are: (term expiring in 1982) David Montgomery (History?U.S., Yale Uni versity), Bo Ohngren (History?Europe, Upssala University), and Joan Scott (His tory?Europe and U.S., Brown University); (term expiring in 1983) Susan Hirsch (History?U. S., Northwestern University), Martin Murray (Sociology?Africa, State University of New York, Binghamton), and Sharon Stichter (Sociology? Africa, University of Massachusetts, Boston). Members of the Network authorized the Chair to establish independent, tax exempt status for the organization. This was deemed necessary in order to facili tate collection of dues, which were authorized at the $4.00 level, and other such activities. The Network will continue its affiliated status with the Social Science History Association. Network members also authorized the formation of several area or thematic
On the design of a graduate-level cross-disciplinary course on smart grids

Development and maintenance of smart grids require power systems engineers to have a good understanding of auxiliary fields like computer networks and vice-versa. This paper discusses a graduate level course and its offered topics towards meeting such cross-disciplinary training objectives. Furthermore, this paper discusses the lessons that can be learnt from such a graduate level course for undergraduate eduction in smart grids.
Adventures in the blogosphere: from blog readers to blog writers

This paper reports on a year-long project in which students participated as both readers and writers of blogs. Specifically, this study examines the steps students progress through while reading and writing blogs, students' reactions to blogging, and how self-expression is characterised in the blogosphere. Data from student blogs, reports, and focus group interviews suggest that this project fostered both ownership and creativity; allowed students to experiment with language; facilitated expression in a relaxed environment; and provided students with a window into the target culture that their textbooks did not provide. Finally, we also report on questionnaires that were designed to assess students' reactions to the project. Examples from student projects are discussed.
Examining Predictors Which May Influence Sentencing Outcomes for Individuals Convicted of Offenses against Children: A Brief Report

Numerous studies examine sentencing decisions, yet little attention has been given to sentencing of child maltreatment and, more specifically, on variables that could impact sentencing outcomes for this form of criminality. Using Pennsylvania Sentencing Data for 2006, this research adds to the existing sentencing research by exploring predictors that might influence sentencing decisions for individuals convicted of crimes against children. The findings indicate that offender sex significantly affects the sentencing decision and offender age significantly affects sentencing length. In addition, all offense characteristics significantly influence the sentencing length decision. Implication of these results and directions for future research are discussed.
Apneic Seizures in Infants: Role of Continuous EEG Monitoring:

Respiratory compromise is not uncommon in epileptic seizures. However, pure apneic seizures are rare. In this study, we report 10 children who presented with pure apneic seizures. All the children were admitted because of apneic events. Seizures were also considered in the differential diagnosis. Six patients had nonspecific findings consisting of multifocal interictal epileptiform activity with no event correlation. Continuous 24-72 hours electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed in all patients to rule out apneic seizures. Ictal EEG showed high correlation with the apneic episodes, confirming the diagnosis of apneic seizures. Our study suggests that continuous EEG monitoring is essential in the diagnosis and treatment of apneic seizures.
Experimental results for a CW-mode optically controlled microwave switch with a carrier-confinement structure

A new design for a CW-mode optically controlled microwave switch (CW-mode OMS) on a semiconductor coplanar waveguide (CPW) is investigated, which is based on a silicon (Si) substrate etching for both top and bottom to confine the optically generated free-carriers. We fabricate the CW-mode OMS with and without carrier-confinement structures using a micro-fabrication technique, and the insertion loss is measured and compared. With the new carrier-confined CW-mode OMS, we are able to obtain less than 2 dB of insertion loss which is an improvement of more than 5 dB from without the carrier-confinement structure. Also, more than 20 dB of the ON/OFF difference is obtained up to 20 GHz.
Optical intersatellite links for the Celestri satellite communications system

Summary form only given. The requirements and design for the Celestri (Motorola) system optical intersatellite link (OISL) terminals are described at a top system level. To serve user needs effectively, Celestri will require use of satellite-to-satellite links. The Celestri system OISLs will have a high average data throughput with a transmission data rate of 7.5 Gbits/s to accommodate a peak user data rate of 4.5 Gbits/s with the associated coding and system overhead.
Basolateral inositol transport by intestines of carnivorous and herbivorous teleosts

Myoinositol transport by isolated basolateral membrane vesicles was characterized from intestines of the herbivorous tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the carnivorous eel (Anguilla anguilla). [3H]myoinositol transport occurred by nonelectrogenic, facilitated diffusion independent of cation gradients and was inhibited by phloretin (Ki = 0.6 and 0.9 mM for tilapia and eel, respectively) but not by phloridzin. Kinetic analysis of myoinositol influx disclosed no differences in concentration yielding half-maximal influx or maximum influx between these species. D-Glucose inhibition of myoinositol influx was shown to be noncompetitive. Additional inhibition studies with a range of sugars demonstrated that aldohexoses in the C-1 chair conformation were preferred substrates. Myoinositol had no inhibitory effect on D-glucose transport. Preloading vesicles with myoinositol transstimulated [3H]myoinositol uptake, while the use of internal D-glucose was without effect. These basolateral data support the contention that epithelial myoinositol carriers are separate from D-hexose transport systems present on the same membrane but are modulated by hexose binding to a regulator site on the myoinositol transporter. Furthermore, the comparison of two fish species suggests that genetic dietary transport adaptation occurs on the brush-border membrane, while no such adaptation is present at the epithelial basolateral pole.
Topoisomerase II and the response to antileukemic therapy

A number of recent studies have investigated the expression of topoisomerase II in clinical leukemia specimens. Here we outline the rationale for these studies, identify potential pitfalls, summarize recent results, and discuss unanswered questions in this area.
Synergistic effects of exposure of surfaces of ionic crystals to radiation and water

Abstract We present studies of the consequences of simultaneous exposure of inorganic single crystals to radiation and water. The first case consists of a biomineral, CaHPO 4 ·2H 2 O (brushite), which is a wide band gap, hydrated inorganic single crystal. We examine the laser-induced ion and neutral emissions accompanying 248 nm excimer laser radiation. Both types of emission are several orders of magnitude higher following exposure to 2 keV electrons at current densities of 200 μA/cm 2 and doses of 10 2 to 10 3 mC/cm 2 . We show that the enhancements in emission are strongly correlated with e-beam induced morphology changes (including recrystallization) on this unusual surface. We then examine similar effects on “dry” crystals such as NaCl and NaNO 3 which are exposed to 10 −5 Pa partial pressures of H 2 O. Again dramatic enhancements in radiation induced emissions are exhibited along with the generation of unique morphological structures with nanometer scale dimensions.
Biomagnetic instrumentation and measurement

The instruments and techniques of biomagnetic measurement have progressed greatly in the past 15 years and are now of a quality appropriate to clinical applications. The paper reports on recent developments in the design and application of SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) magnetometers to biomagnetic measurement. The discussion covers biomagnetic field levels, magnetocardiography, magnetic susceptibility plethysmography, ambient noise and sensor types, principles of operation of a SQUID magnetometer, and laboratory techniques. Of the many promising applications of noninvasive biomagnetic measurement, magnetocardiography is the most advanced and the most likely to find clinical application in the near future.