cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coherence of iodine and bromine in the atmosphere of Hawaii, northern Alaska, and Massachusetts

Previously reported analyses of rain, snow, aerosols, and gas from Hawaii, Alaska, and Massachusetts, and new analyses of Antarctic and Alaska snow and ice, are compared. Both I and Br appear to be associated with aerosols of smaller particle sizes and longer residence times than Cl-rich aerosols. In most suites of samples there is a clustering at I/Br? 0.1-0.2, and Br/Cl exceeds the sea water ratio (3.4 times 10 ?3 ) several-fold. Aerosols collected over open sea water in Hawaii, however, show Br/Cl several-fold lower than in sea water. The latter particles are identified as “sea salt” aerosols whereas the Br-rich aerosols are smaller in size and may be basically different in composition, e.g. ammonium sulfate as discussed by Junge (1963). It is suggested that Br is “distilled” from the sea spray droplets, possibly by photochemical oxidation to Br 2? and then “condensed” onto the smaller particles, possibly by participating in the oxidation of SO 2 to sulfate. Iodine may engage in similar reactions, and the resulting I and Br-rich particles exhibit a world-wide constancy in I/Br. Precipitation analyses show a similar constancy in I/Br. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1966.tb00239.x
Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard and the centennial of endocrinology

Most biological and medical disciplines evolved over decades as the result of scientific advance. For example, the subdivisions of biology, such as botany, physiology, anatomy, pharmacology, population biology, and neurobiology, slowly split off from the parent discipline as knowledge expanded. Likewise, the clinical disciplines developed as a result of increasing knowledge, first into the major divisions of surgery, pediatrics, internal medicine, obstetrics, etc., and then into subspecialties. Pulmonary medicine, cardiology, rheumatology, hematology come readily to mind as fields that became distinct because of the increasing complexity of knowledge about the pathology, physiology, and pharmacology of the organ systems involved. The founding of endocrinology as a biological and medical discipline is in distinct contrast. Most students of the subject are in agreement that the birth of endocrinology occurred a hundred years ago last summer, June 1, 1889, as a result of the presentation of a paper at the me...
Empirical relationship of T-wave energy and fault parameters of northeast Pacific Ocean earthquakes

A total of 179 northeast Pacific Ocean earthquakes that occurred between 1992–1998 are used to investigate the relationship of T-wave acoustic energy and earthquake fault parameters. The moderate-sized (3.7 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.9) earthquakes were recorded by ocean hydrophones and had their source parameters estimated by land-based seismic networks. The acoustic energy release at the seafloor-water interface of each earthquake was estimated by removing the signal attenuation along the propagation path and instrument gain from the hydrophone signal. There appears to be a relationship where, for a given magnitude earthquake, T-wave energy is lower for normal and reverse fault earthquakes than strike-slip events. A more detailed comparison indicates acoustic energy of the earthquake will often decrease as the component of dip-slip motion increases. These observations suggest fault parameter information is contained within the T-wave signal packet.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evaluation and treatment of respiratory impairment

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) invariably develop respiratory muscle weakness and most die from pulmonary complications. There are numerous tests available to evaluate respiratory status in ALS and it is important to understand their various advantages and limitations. Forced vital capacity (FVC) is commonly used but can remain normal despite substantial inspiratory muscle weakness. Maximal pressures measured at the mouth are useful for excluding weakness if they are normal but are difficult to interpret if abnormal. Invasive testing, such as measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure, provides an accurate measure of inspiratory strength but is not readily available and is not practical for serial measures. There are supportive respiratory techniques that have been shown to benefit patients with ALS. Clinicians should be familiar with these interventions, including mechanically assisted coughing, non-invasive ventilation and tracheostomy with mechanical ventilation. Observational studies have demonstrated improved survival and quality of life with noninvasive ventilation. Tracheostomy with long-term mechanical ventilation is not frequently used but can be an important component of care for ALS. This review describes an approach to respiratory evaluation and care of patients with ALS.
Five traps for consulting psychologists: or, How I learned to take culture seriously.

In this article, the author identifies the major traps that consulting psychologists fall into because they do not take cultural and sociological factors into account when working with complex social systems. Too many of the consulting models coming out of psychology assume that what works at the in
The Hsp90 Inhibitor Radicicol Interacts with the ATP-Binding Pocket of Bacterial Sensor Kinase PhoQ

Sensor kinases in the bacterial two-component system share a unique ATP-binding Bergerat fold with the GHL (gyrase, Hsp90, and MutL) family of proteins. We demonstrated that selected GHL inhibitors bind to the catalytic domain of sensor kinase PhoQ (PhoQcat) using NMR chemical shift perturbation experiments. Using crystallographic approaches, we show that radicicol (an Hsp90 inhibitor) binds and interacts specifically with residues in the ATP-binding pocket of PhoQ. The interaction between radicicol and PhoQcat demonstrates significant similarities as well as differences compared to AMPPNP (a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog) bound to PhoQcat and radicicol bound to Hsp90. Our results suggest that GHL inhibitors may be useful lead compounds for developing sensor kinase inhibitors.
Role of excision repair cross-complementation 1 expression as a prognostic marker for response to radiotherapy in early-stage laryngeal cancer.

Background High expression of excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) predicts for resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. We evaluated the prognostic value of ERCC1 expression in a cohort of laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy alone. Methods ERCC1 expression was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays constructed from 123 patients with stages I–II laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with standard radiotherapy. Results ERCC1 expression did not correlate with clinicopathologic risk factors, local control, or overall survival. At 5 years, local control was 75% versus 71% (p = .78) and overall survival was 68% versus 54% (p = .65), for nonexpressors and expressors of ERCC1, respectively. On multivariate analysis, T classification predicted for local control, and T classification and age predicted for overall survival. Conclusions ERCC1 expression did not predict for radiotherapy resistance or worse survival. Therefore, radiotherapy remains an effective treatment in tumors with high ERCC1 expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Intramolecular DNA triplexes, bent DNA and DNA unwinding elements in the initiation region of an amplified dihydrofolate reductase replicon

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of 6.2 kb (1 kb = 103 base-pairs) of DNA that encompasses the earliest replicating portion of the amplified dihydrofolate reductase domains of CHOC 400 cells has been determined. Origin region DNA contains two AluI family repeats, a novel repetitive element (termed ORR-1), a TGGGT-rich region, and several homopurine/ homopyrimidine and alternating purine/pyrimidine tracts, including an unusual cluster of simple repeating sequences composed of (G-C)5, (A-C)18, (A-G)21, (G)9, (CAGA)4, GAGGG-AGAGAGGCAGAGAGGG, (A-G)27. Recombinant plasmids containing origin region sequences were examined for DNA structural conformations previously implicated in origin activation. Mung bean nuclease sensitivity assays for DNA unwinding elements show the preferred order of nuclease cleavage at neutral pH in supercoiled origin plasmids to be: (A-T)23⪢ the (A-G) cluster ⪢(A)38 ⪢ vector = (AATT)n. At acid pH, the hierarchy of cleavage preferences changes to: the (A-G) cluster ⪢(A-T)23 ⪢ (AATT)n > vector = (A)38. A region of stably bent DNA was identified and shown not to be reactive in the mung bean nuclease unwinding assay at either acid or neutral pH. Intermolecular hybridization studies show that, in the presence of torsional stress at pH 5.2, the (A-G) cluster forms triple-stranded DNA. These results show that the origin region of an amplified chromosomal replicon contains a novel repetitive element and multiple sequence elements that facilitate DNA bending, DNA unwinding and the formation of intramolecular triple-stranded DNA.
IMPORTANCE OF SPECIFIC ADENOSINE N3-NITROGENS FOR EFFICIENT CLEAVAGE BY A HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME

Five modified hammerhead ribozyme/substrate complexes have been prepared in which individual adenosine N3-nitrogens have been excised and replaced with carbon. The modified complexes were chemically synthesized with the substitution of a single 3-deazzaadenosine (c3A) base analogue for residues A6, A9, A13, A14, or A15.1. Steady-state kinetic analyses indicate that the cleavage efficiencies, as measured by kcat/K(M), for the c3A6, c3A9, and c3A14 complexes were only marginally reduced (< or = 5-fold) relative to the native complex. By comparison, the cleavage efficiencies for the c3A13 and c315.1 complexes were reduced by 9-fold and 55-fold, respectively. these reductions in cleavage efficiency are primarily a result of lower kcat values. Profiles of pH and cleavage rate suggest that the chemical cleavage step is the rate-limiting reaction for these complexes. These results suggest that the N3-nitrogen of the A13 residue and particularly the A15.1 residue in the hammerhead ribozyme/substrate complex are critical for transition state stabilization and efficient cleavage activity. We have additionally compared the locations of these critical functional groups, as well as those identified from other studies, with recent crystallographic analyses. In some cases, the critical functional groups are clustered around proposed metal binding sites and may reflect functional groups critical for binding the metal cofactor. In other cases, clusters of functional groups may form a network of hydrogen bonds necessary for transition state stabilization.
Repeated retrieval during learning is the key to long-term retention

Abstract Tests not only measure the contents of memory, they can also enhance learning and long-term retention. We report two experiments inspired by Tulving’s (1967) pioneering work on the effects of testing on multitrial free recall. Subjects learned lists of words across multiple study and test trials and took a final recall test 1 week after learning. In Experiment 1, repeated testing during learning enhanced retention relative to repeated studying, although alternating study and test trials produced the best retention. In Experiment 2, recalled items were dropped from further studying or further testing to investigate how different types of practice affect retention. Repeated study of previously recalled items did not benefit retention relative to dropping those items from further study. However, repeated recall of previously recalled items enhanced retention by more than 100% relative to dropping those items from further testing. Repeated retrieval of information is the key to long-term retention.
An array transmitter for dual-frequency contrast enhanced intravascular ultrasound imaging

Recent studies suggests that contrast ultrasound for molecular imaging or vasa vasorum (VV) assessment may be promising in identification of vulnerable plaques. However, conventional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) transducers with frequency of 15 MHz – 60 MHz are not optimized for imaging with micro bubble contrast agents due to the ineffective micro bubble excitation at high frequencies and poor signal separation from tissue. This paper presents design and fabrication of a lateral mode transducer array with center frequency of 2 MHz for contrast enhanced IVUS (CE-IVUS) imaging, which can generate sufficient pressure to excite microbubbles more effectively and therefore could be used for dual-frequency microbubble superharmonic imaging, or ‘acoustic angiography’. Several commercial transducers with central frequency of 15 MHz, 20 MHz and 25 MHz were used as receivers to receive the contrast signal. In the contrast testing, the high frequency echo of the nonlinear response from microbubbles in a micro-tube with diameter of 0.2 mm was detected. The maximum contrast to noise ratio was 12.2 dB. The results show that superharmonic signals (over 9th harmonic) can be received; suggesting good resolution and signal separation in contrast enhanced IVUS imaging.
Engineered herpes simplex virus expressing bacterial cytosine deaminase for experimental therapy of brain tumors

Lack of effective therapy of primary brain tumors has promoted the development of novel experimental approaches utilizing oncolytic viruses combined with gene therapy. Towards this end, we have assessed a conditionally replication-competent, gamma(1)34.5-deleted herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) expressing cytosine deaminase (CD) for treatment of malignant brain tumors. Our results are summarized as follows: (i) a recombinant HSV (M012) was constructed in which both copies of the gamma(1)34.5 gene were replaced with the bacterial CD gene, under the control of the cellular promoter Egr-1; (ii) M012-infected cells in vitro efficiently convert 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil, thereby enhancing cytotoxicity of neighboring, uninfected cells; (iii) both direct and bystander cytotoxicity of murine neuroblastoma and human glioma cell lines after infection with M012 were demonstrated; (iv) direct intracerebral inoculation of A/J mice demonstrated lack of neurotoxicity at doses similar to G207, a gamma(1)34.5-deleted HSV with demonstrated safety in human patient trials and (v) intratumoral injection of M012 into Neuro-2a flank tumors in combination with 5-FC administration significantly reduced tumor growth versus tumors treated with R3659 combined with 5-FC, or treated with M012 alone. Thus, M012 is a promising new oncolytic HSV vector with an enhanced prodrug-mediated, antineoplastic effect that is safe for intracranial administration.
SERINE PROTEASE ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF EIMERIA TENELLA

A number of complex processes are involved in Eimeria spp. survival, including control of sporulation, intracellular invasion, evasion of host immune responses, successful reproduction, and nutrition. Proteases have been implicated in many of these processes, but the occurrence and functions of serine proteases have not been characterized. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that the Eimeria tenella genome contains several serine proteases that lack homology to trypsin. Using RT-PCR, a gene encoding a subtilisin-like and a rhomboid protease-like serine protease was shown to be developmentally regulated, both being poorly expressed in sporozoites (SZ) and merozoites (MZ). Casein substrate gel electrophoresis of oocyst extracts during sporulation demonstrated bands of proteolytic activity with relative molecular weights (Mr) of 18, 25, and 45 kDa that were eliminated by coincubation with serine protease inhibitors. A protease with Mr of 25 kDa was purified from extracts of unsporulated oocysts by a combination ...
Establishing Conversational Exchanges with Family and Friends Moving from Training to Meaningful Communication

Three high school students with severe disabilities were taught to participate in conversations with a number of peers in a variety of school and community settings utilizing a communication book adaptation. Additionally, during baseline, training, and informed-generalization-partner phases, measures were taken of the degree to which conversation initiation and turn taking generalized to conversation opportunities outside the instructional situation with family members and other nondisabled partners at home and in the community. During the independence phase, when students were participating in sustained conversations with a large number of peers at school, there continued to be breakdowns in conversational turn taking in probe contexts. Utilizing a multiple baseline design across students, probe partners at home and school received the information they needed to support the students with disabilities by conversing via the communication book and utilizing the conversation structure to provide additional p...
Mouth lesions in broiler chickens caused by scirpenol mycotoxins.

Abstract Dietary scirpentriol (STO), triacetoxyscirpenol (TAS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species, were compared for their ability to cause mouth lesions when graded dietary levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 μg STO or TAS/g; 0, .5, 1, 2, and 4 μg MAS or DAS/g) were fed to male broiler chickens for 21 days after hatching. The mouth lesions provoked by each scirpenol were dose-related. The minimum effective doses (MED) were 4, 2, 1, and .5 μg/g for TAS, STO, DAS, and MAS, respectively, whether the number of affected birds or the number of affected mouth parts (angles, upper beak, lower beak, and tongue) was the measured response. Lesion sites in the mouth varied with the toxin. The rank orders from greatest to least affected sites were angles, upper beak, lower beak, and tongue for TAS and STO, upper beak, lower beak, angles, and tongue for MAS, and upper beak, lower beak, tongue, and angles for DAS. Mouth lesions were clearly visible with each toxin after feeding for 1 wk and the numbers of affected mouth parts almost tripled after 2 wk exposure. During Week 3 of exposure, only the increase caused by MAS was significant (P
Personal construct theory and the argument against mental illness

Abstract An attempt is made to integrate Thomas Szasz's 0974) theory of personal conduct and George Kelly's (1955) theory of personal constructs (PCT). It is argued that PCT provides an alternative to the void left behind by Szasz's negation of mental illness. Because PCT is concerned with psychological, rather than physiological, constructions of problems in living, it is not compatible with the biological model associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic categories. Rather, it is in keeping with the views of Szasz. Kelly's and Szasz's writings are used to support this view. Kelly's transitive diagnosis approach to “mental illness”, wherein diagnosis and therapy are construed as process oriented as opposed to category driven, is described as an alternative to the biological model. A contextualist approach (Sarbin & Mancuso, 1980) is also discussed. These approaches not only empower clients and allow them to assert responsibility and control over their lives, but...
The GEM Silicon Tracking System

The GEM Collaboration has produced a baseline design for the GEM detector. The baseline design of the GEM Silicon Tracking System (STS) is discussed in this article. Mechanical and electrical engineering progress on the GEM STS is described. Results from simulations of detector performance and the implications on engineering issues are described.
Extending Dynamic Constraint Detection with Polymorphic Analysis

The general technique for dynamically detecting likely invariants, as implemented by Daikon, lacks specific object- oriented support for polymorphism. Daikon examines only the declared type of a variable which prohibits it from examination of the runtime variables in the presence of polymorphism. The approach presented in this paper extends the technique to consider the runtime type of a polymorphic variable, which may have different declared and runtime types. The runtime behavior of a polymorphic variable is captured by polymorphic constraints which have the form of an implication with the name of the runtime class in the antecedent. We demonstrate the improved accuracy of the dynamically detected specification on the Money example from the JUnit testing framework tutorial. Polymorphic constraints are shown to reveal the specification of the runtime behavior of the example.
High Power Subpicosecond KRF Laser

A subpicosecond KrF laser system with peak power of the order 50 GW is described. Results of the short pulse amplification in an excimer laser amplifier have indicated that the stored energy can be efficiently extracted on a subpicosecond time scale.
TWO DEMOGRAPHIC DICHOTOMIES: "BLACK VS WHITE," "LEFT VS RIGHT'

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises sponsors of new drugs to classify human subjects on the basis of four specific demographic categories—age, race, sex, and weight. The FDA provides no advice for other possible categories, such as handedness. Sponsors' collection of data on race (a model requisite category) is seldom overridingly important, however, and sponsors' inattention to handedness (a model neglected category) can be very wasteful. For some drugs and some trials, an array of demographic characteristics other than those identified in the FDA Guideline should be analyzed.
Fabrication and measurements using ultra-tall near-field coaxial tips

We present a new method for microfabrication of coaxial silicon tips with heights >50 /spl mu/m. The coaxial silicon tip acts as an electrically small antenna. Microwave measurements using a microfabricated coaxial tip chip are performed with a network analyzer HP8753D and an atomic force microscope (AFM). Scanning near-field microwave microscopy (SNMM) using the ultra-tall coaxial tip is demonstrated with a commercial AFM silicon probe in noncontact mode as a sample.
Ethnic differences in the correlates of mental distress among homeless women.

Background Homeless women experience high rates of mental distress. We sought to determine whether ethnic differences exist in the relationship between the predisposing and enabling domains of the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations and mental distress. Methods We selected 821 homeless women in the Los Angeles area using a representative probability sampling design and invited them to participate in face-to-face interviews. The sample was 67% African American, 17% Hispanic, and 16% White. Results We identified a number of ethnic differences in the correlates of mental distress. Being partnered or married was associated with greater distress among African American and White women, and experiencing competing needs was predictive of distress for African Americans and Hispanics. Conclusion A variety of factors contribute to mental distress among different ethnic groups of homeless women; these differences should be considered in the development of culturally appropriate services designed to address mental health problems among homeless populations.
Balancing Freedom, Autonomy and Accountability in Education by Charles L. Glenn and Jan De Groof (Eds.)

School choice and accountability have been debated for decades in the United States, with increased attention to international education. In this context, Balancing Freedom, Autonomy and Accountabi...
Remembering entails knowing

In his recent book, Bernecker (Memory, 2010) has attacked the following prominent view: (RK) S remembers that p only if S knows that p. An attack on RK is also an attack on Timothy Williamson’s view that knowledge is the most general factive stative attitude. In this paper, I defend RK against Bernecker’s attacks and also advance new arguments in favor of it. In Sect. 2, I provide some background on memory. In Sect 3, I respond to Bernecker’s attacks on RK and develop a new argument for RK. In Sects. 4 and 5, I develop two more new arguments for RK.
Association of cumulative lead and neurocognitive function in an occupational cohort.

Lead is a neurotoxicant that accumulates in bone with a half life of 25–30 years. To evaluate the association of lead biomarkers and cognitive function, a cohort of exposed and nonexposed workers who had been previously assessed in 1982 was retested approximately 22 years later. For the current assessment, both blood lead and tibia bone lead levels were determined. In addition, cognitive function was tested with the Pittsburgh Occupational Exposures Test battery, which had previously been administered in 1982. In exposed workers, bone lead level predicted lower current cognitive performance and cognitive decline over 22 years. In those lead-exposed workers older than age 55, higher levels of bone lead predicted poorer cognitive scores, suggesting vulnerability for older workers with higher past lead exposure. Finally, there was no association with bone lead level and recency of exposure, suggesting that cumulative body burden is most likely responsible for the progressive cognitive decrement evidenced with vulnerability because of aging.
Efficient routing of single photons by one atom and a microtoroidal cavity.

Single photons from a coherent input are efficiently redirected to a separate output by way of a fiber-coupled microtoroidal cavity interacting with individual cesium atoms. By operating in an overcoupled regime for the input-output to a tapered fiber, our system functions as a quantum router with high efficiency for photon sorting. Single photons are reflected and excess photons transmitted, as confirmed by observations of photon antibunching (bunching) for the reflected (transmitted) light. Our photon router is robust against large variations of atomic position and input power, with the observed photon antibunching persisting for intracavity photon number 0.03 ≾ n ≾ 0.7.
Parents With Low Literacy Report Higher Quality of Parent-Provider Relationships in a Residency Clinic

Objective Quality of care in pediatrics is suboptimal for many children from families of low socioeconomic status. Literacy is one aspect of socioeconomic status. We hypothesized that low parental literacy would be associated with low-quality well-child care. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of caregivers of 1- to 4- year-old children in a pediatric resident clinic. To assess parental literacy, we used the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine. To assess the quality of well-child care, we used 5 subscales from the Promoting Healthy Development Survey relevant to either provider-parent relationships or content of discussions in the well-child visit. Results We enrolled 157 caregivers. The mean age of the respondents was 30 years, 55% were African American, 69% received Medicaid, and 85% had graduated high school. A total of 34% of the respondents scored below a ninth-grade reading level (low literacy). Parents with low literacy were more likely than those with higher literacy to report Family-centered care (79% vs 61%, P = .03), and Helpfulness and Confidence building (79% vs 57%, P = .01). There was no difference, by literacy level, in the percentage of parents who reported reaching established threshold levels for discussion of Psychosocial issues, Safety issues, or Anticipatory guidance topics. Conclusions The lower-literacy respondents reported higher-quality parent-provider relationships; there was no difference in quality of content of discussions by literacy level. Parents with low literacy may have lower expectations regarding relationships with their health care provider or may be less likely to be critical. Alternatively, pediatric residents may be more effective at relationship building with low-literacy families.
Multiframe blocking-artifact reduction for transform-coded video

A major drawback of block-based still-image or video-compression methods at low rates is the visible block boundaries that are also known as blocking artifacts. Several methods have been proposed in the literature to reduce these artifacts. Most are single image methods, which do not distinguish between video and still images. However, video has a temporal dimension that can lead to better reconstruction if utilized effectively. We show how to combine information from multiple frames to reduce blocking artifacts. We derive constraint sets using motion between neighboring frames and quantization information that is available in the video bit stream. These multiframe constraint sets can be used to reduce blocking artifacts in an alternating-projections scheme. They can also be included in existing set-theoretic algorithms to improve their performance by narrowing down the feasibility set. Experimental results show the effectiveness of using these multiframe constraint sets.
Rapid serial enzyme measurements in evaluation of patients with suspected myocardial infarction

Because clinical and laboratory criteria cannot accurately establish the presence or absence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the time of initial presentation, this diagnosis is not confirmed in the majority of patients admitted to coronary care units. To study the effectiveness of serial changes in enzyme activity in specimens taken at presentation and 8 hours later in establishing the likelihood of AMI, the results in 1,214 patients with acute cardiac symptoms of less than 24 hours' duration were retrospectively evaluated. In 1,007 patients with initially normal creatine kinase (CK), an increase in CK (positive delta-CK) occurred in 98% of patients with AMI and 16% of patients without AMI. In 196 patients with elevated total CK, a low ratio of CK to aspartate aminotransferase was found in 98% of patients with AMI and 33% of patients without AMI. These 2 enzyme ratios had a sensitivity greater than 90% in patients with typical and atypical histories. The overall predictive value of serial enzyme measurements for AMI was 53%, compared with 18% in patients selected for admission. These results suggest that serial enzyme measurements could be used in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected AMI, and have the potential to reduce the number of patients admitted to coronary care units who do not have AMI.
On group network codes: Ingleton-bound violations and independent sources

In principle, network codes derived from non-Abelian groups can be used to attain every point in the capacity region of wired acyclic networks. However, group codes derived from a particular group, and its subgroups, is useful only if it can model independent sources, as well as violate the Ingleton bound which restricts the capacity region obtainable by linear network codes. We study both the independent source and the Ingleton-violating requirement for subgroups of the groups PGL(2, ρ) and GL(2, ρ) with primes ρ ≥ 5. For both these groups we demonstrate that the requirements can be met, which suggests that PGL(2, ρ) and GL(2, ρ) are rich enough groups to construct network codes superior to linear ones. We also construct a model for independent sources using the direct product of the aforementioned groups.
Reducing heart failure hospital readmissions from skilled nursing facilities.

Purpose/objectives Readmission rates for heart failure patients are a Center for Medicare & Medicaid and Joint Commission core measure. At this urban Midwestern medical center, the 6-month baseline skilled nursing facility (SNF) readmission rate was 30%. Nurse case management implemented a process to decrease the rate for this population. Follow-up phone calls were in place for patients discharged to home, but a gap remained in those discharged to SNFs. Nurse case management developed a follow-up phone call process within 48 hours of discharge to the registered nurse/licensed practical nurse in the SNFs to verify that: 1. Daily morning weights were ordered. 2. Parameters to contact primary care provider if weight gain was greater than 3 pounds per day or 5 pounds per week. 3. 2 gram sodium restricted diet was ordered. 4. Appropriate diuretic was ordered and reconciled. 5. Follow-up provider visits were made, for patient to be seen within 3 to 5 days following discharge. Primary practice setting Acute inpatient care settings. Findings/conclusions The phone calls resulted in improved continuity of care and clarification of discharge orders. The opportunity for question-and-answer time between the hospital and the SNF nurse provided just-intime education; relationships have also been strengthened. Recent data show that the current readmission rate averages 11.32% (a decrease from 30%). This nurse case management–driven process of follow-up phone calls between the hospital and SNF staff to reduce readmission rates in heart failure patients resulted in improved continuity of care and clarification of discharge orders. Implications for cm practice This simple, innovative process allowed for improved continuity of care and partnerships between inpatient hospitalization and the SNF, thereby reduced transcription errors and improved patient health outcomes. Enhanced communication between providers allowed for a significant reduction in readmissions from SNFs to the hospital.
348 A workplace intervention targeting obesity and diabetes in Latino farmworkers

Objectives To demonstrate the importance of a workplace modality in targeting a difficult to access community of Latino farm workers with the goal of preventing and reducing morbidities associated with diabetes and obesity. Methods 254 Latino farm workers were recruited in a California occupational setting. Enrollees were randomly placed in the intervention or control arms (2:1 ratio). All were interviewed at baseline, anthropometric measures and fasting blood glucose were assessed. The intervention consisted of weekly participatory education classes, demonstrations and exercise over a 10-week period. Final evaluation repeated the baseline assessments. 178 farm workers (70%) completed the follow up screening. Results 112 individuals, 27 males and 85 females completed the intervention for 6 weeks or more, resulting in a 63% completion rate. Amongst the female intervention cohort, all anthropometric mean measures improved. BMI decreased by 0.39 units (95%CI -0.64 to -0.15), weight decreased compared to baseline by 1.47 lb (-2.77 to -0.17), waist decreased by 1.09 cm (-1.93 to -0.26) compared to baseline. Men showed similar directional effects, yet not statistically significant, perhaps limited by smaller enrollment numbers. Significant improvement in days of exercise per week improved in males and females who received the intervention compared with controls. Comparison of intervention vs. control cohorts will also be presented. Conclusion Latino farm workers are difficult to access through traditional health interventions and suffer disproportionate morbidities from increased rates of obesity and diabetes. Integrating health interventions through a culturally sensitive workplace program allows for increased access to this community and yields significant gains in health.
Effects of amlodipine combined with benazepril in treatment of primary hypertension

Objective To investigate the antihypertensive effect of amlodipine,benazepril treatment of essential hyperten sion.Methods A total of 100 hypertensive patients in our hospital,all patients were randomly divided into two groups(amlodipine,benazepril combination therapy) and control group(amlodipine) 50 cases each,two groups were compared an tihypertensive effect and adverse reactions.Results The observation group buck total effective rate was 92.0%,significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05).SBP of the observation group,of DBP than before treatment and control group was significantly lower(P 0.05).Conclusion Amlodipine,benazepril treatment of essential hypertension have syn ergistic antihypertensive effect,the exact effect of step-down,security is good,worthy of promotion and application.
Apgar Score at 5 Minutes Is Associated with Mortality in Extremely Preterm Infants Even after Transfer to an All Referral NICU.

Objective The Apgar score has been shown to have utility in predicting mortality in the extremely preterm infant in delivery hospital populations, where most mortality occurs within 12 hours of birth. We tested the hypothesis that the 5 minute Apgar score would remain associated with mortality in extremely preterm infants after transfer from the delivery hospital to an all referral neonatal intensive care unit at an average age of 10 days. Study Design A retrospective analysis of 454 infants born at Results The median Apgar score was 3 at 1 minute (interquartile range [IQR] 2–6) and 6 at 5 minutes (IQR 4–7). The Apgar score increased from 1 to 5 minutes by 2.0 ± 1.7 ( p p Conclusion Infants born at
Endothelin-1 inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase

Because nitric oxide (NO.) and endothelin (ET)-1 frequently have opposing effects on physiological and inflammatory processes, we sought to determine whether ET-1 regulates NO. synthesis by the inducible isoform of NO. synthase (iNOS). L2 cells are a rat lung epithelial cell line that synthesizes ET-1 and in which ET-1 has an autocrine role. In the current study, we demonstrate that L2 cells generate the oxidative products of NO., nitrite and nitrate, after exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lipopolysaccharide, and interferon-gamma. Exposure to these cytokines also dramatically increases the expression of iNOS mRNA. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, dexamethasone, and cycloheximide prevent the cytokine-mediated increase in NO. oxidative products, demonstrating that iNOS accounts for their generation. Because L2 cells synthesize ET-1, to test the effect of removing endogenous ET-1, we used phosphoramidon (an ET-converting enzyme inhibitor) or BQ-123 (an ET receptor A antagonist). Removal of endogenous ET-1 with either phosphoramidon or BQ-123 significantly augments cytokine-stimulated NO. synthesis by approximately 20%. To further test the effect of ET-1 on iNOS, we treated cells with phosphoramidon to inhibit endogenous ET-1 synthesis and then administered ET-1 (10(-9) to 10(-7) M). In this setting, ET-1 significantly decreases inducible NO. production by 33% and iNOS mRNA by 50%. We conclude that ET-1 can decrease inducible NO. synthesis by cytokine-stimulated lung epithelial cells.
Open-Loop Coherent Distributed Arrays

The ability to cohere the wireless operations between separate, moving microwave systems enables significant increases in capability for remote sensing, radar, communications, and other microwave wireless applications. Open-loop coherent distributed arrays, which are distributed systems of nodes that coherently coordinate without external signal inputs from the destination, are introduced in this paper. A model of the signal received from a coherent distributed array is derived, and a statistical analysis of the variation in signal power in the presence of coordination errors is presented. Requirements on the tolerable errors for internode range measurement, beamsteering angle measurement, and internode clock phase synchronization are given as a function of the probability of achieving a given signal power. Approaches for achieving the necessary internode range and angle measurements are presented, and the experimental results of a novel one-way clock transfer approach to phase synchronization are shown. These examples demonstrate the feasibility of implementing coherent distributed arrays on moving platforms operating at frequencies extending into the microwave region.
Conformational Dynamics of Model Membranes

Interest in the study of biological membranes has increased considerably in recent years as a result of the realization that these structures are complex systems involved in a great variety of functions. Electron microscopy has revealed that the membrane is not just a simple cell envelope; on the contrary, it is a highly convoluted structure which permeates much of the cell and encloses all cell organelles. Among its many functions are replication, energy transduction, nerve impulse propagation, sensory reception, and hormonal integration.
First Report of Fruit Rot of Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

Ridge gourd is a specialty cucurbit vegetable cultivated in the United States on a small scale for select markets. We report the infection of ridge gourd fruit by Sclerotium rolfsii (teleomorph: At...
Complexity of Sustainable and Resilient Building Design and Urban Development

Given the sizable contribution of the building industry to greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing the capacity of the building industry to mitigate climate change is critical. Sustainable design and development strategies can lead to significant reductions in energy consumption as well as minimizing the carbon footprint of buildings. The following paper provides an overview of the complex issues, current design and development processes, and barriers in achieving goals of sustainable and resilient built environments.
Racing to Serve or Race-ing for Money? Hispanic-serving Institutions and the Colorblind Allocation of Racialized Federal Funding:

It is often presumed that minority-serving institutions (MSIs)—colleges and universities with the mission or capacity to serve underrepresented students—operate with a mission to alleviate broad in...
Phase-field model of insulator-to-metal transition in VO 2 under an electric field

The roles of an electric field and electronic doping in insulator-to-metal transitions are still not well understood. Here we formulated a phase-field model of insulator-to-metal transitions by taking into account both structural and electronic instabilities as well as free electrons and holes in ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$, a strongly correlated transition-metal oxide. Our phase-field simulations demonstrate that in a ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ slab under a uniform electric field, an abrupt universal resistive transition occurs inside the supercooling region, in sharp contrast to the conventional Landau-Zener smooth electric breakdown. We also show that hole doping may decouple the structural and electronic phase transitions in ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$, leading to a metastable metallic monoclinic phase which could be stabilized through a geometrical confinement and the size effect. This work provides a general mesoscale thermodynamic framework for understanding the influences of electric field, electronic doping, and stress and strain on insulator-to-metal transitions and the corresponding mesoscale domain structure evolution in ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ and related strongly correlated systems.
Microbial Treatment and Utilization of Waste

Waste treatment and utilization presents a particular challenge to the biotechnologist. Wastes are highly diversified and have time variable compositions. Waste treatment processes are frequently run in a nonaseptic environment and with mixed cultures of microorganisms. The challenge is to stabilize the system and design a process that will assure the needed degree of reliability and product specification. The products of a waste treatment process can be a liquid or gaseous fuel, an animal or human feed or food, chemicals, fertilizer or drinkable water. Every waste is unique in character and amount with each location. Consequently, there is a unique optimal solution for the handling of each waste which may depend not only on the economics, but upon local needs and attitudes. It is becoming clear that future populations must view wastes not as a troublesome problem, but as a recycleable resource in which the nutrients or the chemicals from that waste are economically returned to the community. This paper will briefly review the various waste treatment and utilization alternatives and then focus in on the treatment of human sewage. It will specifically examine the problems of optimal removal of BOD, nitrates and nitrites and phosphate plus the utilization of the microbial sludge and other products derived from the treatment processes.
HJM: A Unified Approach to Dynamic Models for Fixed Income, Credit and Equity Markets

The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the key elements of the HJM approach as originally introduced in the framework of fixed income market models, to explain how the very same philosophy was implemented in the case of credit portfolio derivatives and to show how it can be extended to and used in the case of equity market models. In each case we show how the HJM approach naturally yields a consistency condition and a no-arbitrage conditions in the spirit of the original work of Heath, Jarrow and Morton. Even though the actual computations and the derivation of the drift condition in the case of equity models seems to be new, the paper is intended as a survey of existing results, and as such, it is mostly pedagogical in nature.
Neural development and sensorimotor control

What is the relationship between development of the nervous system and the emergence of voluntary motor behavior? This is the central question of the nature-nurture discussion that has intrigued child psychologists and pediatric neurologists for decades. This paper attempts to revisit this issue. Recent empirical evidence on how infants acquire multi-joint coordination and how children learn to adapt to novel force environments will be discussed with reference to the underlying development of the nervous system. The claim will be made that the developing human nervous system by no means constitutes an ideal controller. However, its redundancy, its ability to integrate multi-modal sensory information and motor commands and its facility of time-critical neural plasticity are features that may prove to be useful for the design of adaptive robots.
The Rhetoric of Progress: Crisis Avoidance in Science and Technology Policy for Development Discourse

The politics of science in the West have been characterized as “a rhetorical struggle over the ways that science and technology are interpreted.”1 Paradoxically, in its more than three decades of existence, science and technology policy for development discourse (STPDD) — loosely defined here as a set of analytic claims, research programs and policy agendas — has been challenged by a series of crises but has not given rise to any rhetorical struggle. This absence is due to a central characteristic of STPDD: its avoidance to deal with crises, linked to, paraphrasing Albert Hirschman, its epistemological entrapment in the rhetoric of progress.2 Consequently, STPDD’s faulty conceptual framework and misinformed analytic and policy agendas perpetuate its disciplinary stagnation. In this essay I offer a comparative, critical assessment of STPDD and its responses to crises, based on tools furnished by Hirschman’s analysis of development economics’ reactionary and progressive rhetoric and its disciplinary crisis. This essay thus responds to calls within both STPDD and Science, Technology and Society discourse to strengthen analytic ties with the discipline of economics, perceived as a discipline that provides rigor but also admits its subject’s muddiness.3