cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell-cycle withdrawal in cultured keratinocytes

Cell-cycle withdrawal is the irreversible arrest of replication that occurs in keratinocytes early in terminal differentiation. According to the epidermal proliferation unit (EPU) model of renewal, withdrawal takes place in a subset of cells that have completed a final cycle of amplification replication. Using a recently developed double-labelling assay, we followed cell-cycle withdrawal in growing cultures of epidermal keratinocytes and correlated these results with population-growth kinetics. The levels of withdrawal measured were much too high to be consistent with the population-growth kinetics. These unexpectedly high levels could be explained by postulating that withdrawal takes place in a specific subset of cells, as described by the EPU model. Other possible explanations were entertained but, for various reasons, were considered unlikely. To learn whether withdrawal occurred in basal or suprabasal cells, confluent cultures were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine, and the position of the labeled cells was monitored by autoradiography during the period of cold chase. The results indicated that, in cultured keratinocytes, withdrawal takes place while the cells are still in the basal compartment.
Abnormalities of the Erythrocyte Membrane

Primary abnormalities of the erythrocyte membrane lead to a variety of clinical syndromes including hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, and related disorders.1 Clinical and laboratory manifestations, as well as associated molecular defects, of these disorders vary widely. Abnormalities of erythrocyte shape on peripheral blood smear often provide clues to the underlying pathobiology and clinical diagnosis of the underlying disorder.
Subnuclear dynamics and transcription factor function.

At a simplistic level, the nucleus can be thought of as singular organelle with a nuclear envelope designed to isolate the biochemical reactions required for gene transcription and DNA replication from the cytoplasm. It has become increasingly clear, however, that many higher levels of organization exist within the nucleus. A functional consequence of this organization is that nuclear processes that include transcription, RNA processing, and DNA synthesis are isolated to specific intranuclear domains to ensure efficiency. With the advent of GFP technologies and increasingly sophisticated instrumentation, we have continued to dissect the relationship between organization and function, in particular using live cells and ligand-dependent steroid receptors as a model system. These new opportunities have provided further insight into receptor function and the dependence upon intranuclear dynamics that take place within minutes of hormone addition. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 35:99-106, 2000.
Matrix Downdating Techniques For Signal Processing

We are concerned with a problem of finding the triangular (Banachiewicz-Cholesky) factor of the covariance matrix after deleting observations from the corresponding linear least squares equations. Such a problem, often referred to as downdating, arises in classical signal processing as well as in various other broad ares of computing. Examples include recursive least squares estimation and filtering with a sliding rectangular window in adaptive signal processing, outlier suppression and robust regression in statistics, and the modification of Hessian matrices in the numerical solution of non-linear equations. Formally the problem can be described as follows: Given an n xn upper triangular matrix L and an n-dimensional vector x such that LTL - xxT > 0 find an n xn lower triangular matrix L such that LLT = LLT - XXT We will look at the following issues relevant to the downdating problem: - stability - rank-1 downdating algorithms - generalization to modifications of a higher rank
19α-hydroxygelsamydine from Gelsemium elegans

Abstract A new indole alkaloid, was isolated from Gelsemium elegans, 19α-hydroxygelsamydine and its stereochemistry and 1H and 13C-NMR data were determined by two-dimensional NMR techniques, computer modelling calculations and comparison with gelsamydine.
Effect of aging on the bioavailability of vitamin B-6 in rats☆

Abstract An age-related decline in vitamin B-6 status has been demonstrated in humans and rodents. In this study, the bioavailability of vitamin B-6 was evaluated in 3- and 2-month-old, male Fischer 344 rats by administration of a single, oral dose of [3H]pyridoxine. In addition, plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentration and alkaline phosphatase and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity were measured. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentration was 75% lower in the aged rats compared with the 3-month-old rats. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was reduced and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity increased in the aged rats. There was no difference in the stimulation of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity with pyridoxal phosphate. Approximately 99% of the radioisotope was absorbed by rats from both age groups. No differences were observed in the tissue distribution of [3H]vitamin B-6 between the two age groups or the retention of radioactivity by the various tissues examined. The urinary excretion of total 3H, as well as [3H]4-pyridoxic acid, was not different between the two age groups. Reduced plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentration with aging does not appear to be the result of decreased intestinal absorption of vitamin B-6, increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, or altered metabolic utilization of vitamin B-6. Based on this information, plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentration may not be an adequate assessment parameter for vitamin B-6 status as affected by aging.
Ammonia Maser in a Molecular Outflow toward W51

We report the discovery of a14NH3 maser in the (J, K) = (3, 3) transition toward the W51-North H II complex. The maser line has a FWHM of 1.7 km s-1 and an asymmetric profile, which suggests multiple features in the velocity range. Measured with the VLA, the maser emission has a peak flux of 230 mJy and a maximum deconvolved size of 02. These values set a lower limit to the brightness temperature of 1.3 ? 104 K. Thermal emission of ammonia was also detected toward this region. The elongated structure, velocity, and temperature gradients, and high excitation of the thermal ammonia indicate that the (3, 3) maser is excited in an expanding shell of a molecular outflow, powered possibly by the massive OB star D2. Molecular hydrogen densities and kinetic temperatures in the maser region are consistent with models of collisional pumping of the (3, 3) maser.
A crack at the interface between a Kane-Mindlin plate and a rigid substrate

Abstract The interface fracture of an elastic plate bonded to a rigid substrate is studied using Kane and Mindlin's kinematic assumptions for the quasi-three-dimensional (3-D) deformations of plates deformed in stretching. The stresses and deformations are computed for a semi-infinite plate perfectly bonded to a rigid substrate and subjected to uniform in-plane normal tractions at infinity. These agree well with those obtained from the 3-D elasticity theory when the latter are averaged over the plate thickness. The Kane-Mindlin theory predicts a boundary layer adherent to the interface between the plate and the substrate and its thickness approximately equals the plate thickness. An interface crack between the elastic plate and the rigid substrate is investigated. The crack front average stress fields consist of a plane strain (not plane stress) oscillatory singular field and an antiplane shear inverse-square-root singular field, and the three fracture modes are coupled. These agree with the existing 3-D finite element results. The effect of the plate thickness on stress intensity factors and phase angles is studied. The antiplane shear stress intensity factor approaches zero for a vanishingly thin plate, but cannot be ignored otherwise. A path-independent integral including the thickness effects is deduced and is used to establish a fracture criterion for thin plates. Finally, the interface fracture criterion is discussed within the framework of the Kane-Mindlin theory.
The analysis of multigrid algorithms for cell centered finite difference methods

In this paper, we examine multigrid algorithms for cell centered finite difference approximations of second order elliptic boundary value problems. The cell centered application gives rise to one of the simplest non-variational multigrid algorithms. We shall provide an analysis which guarantees that the W-cycle and variable V-cycle multigrid algorithms converge with a rate of iterative convergence which can be bounded independently of the number of multilevel spaces. In contrast, the natural variational multigrid algorithm converges much more slowly.
Caregiver behavior in center and family day care

Abstract In an effort to examine relationships between variations within day care settings and adult caregiving behaviors the social experiences of 40 toddlers and their caregivers in family and center care were systematically observed. Caregivers were interviewed and conditions of caregiving recorded. Caregivers in both settings with fewer children in their care, who worked shorter hours, with less housework responsibilities engaged in more facilitative social stimulation, expressed more positive affect, were more responsive, and less restrictive and negative. Family day care caregivers who worked in spaces specifically designed to be safe and appropriate for children were less restrictive of toddler activity. Adult-child ratio and caregiver training appeared to be the best indicators of quality care in center day care, while a safe and appropriate caregiving environment and small groups appeared as quality indicators in family day care.
Millimeter Microwave Emission from a Maser by use of Plasma-Produced Electrons Orbiting a Positively Charged Wire

Plasma-produced electrons have been trapped for long periods of time in orbits around a positively charged wire. Since the frequency of rotation of each electron increases if it loses kinetic energy and sinks into the positive-potential well, phase bunching resulting in intense microwave emission can be easily excited.
Mechanical Behavior and Toughness of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers

This study examines the toughness and mechanical properties of biodegradable poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) with varying hydroxyapatite (HAP) content (0 – 30 wt%). Fracture toughness of HAP-filled PCL was also examined for the electrospun fibers using the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept. The electrospun fibers exhibited a diameter ranging from 200–500 nm and a combination of HAP particle sizes ranging from (50–100 nm) under the SEM. The tensile stress-strain behavior and fracture toughness of electrospun nanofibers were assessed using a nanoforce tensile tester. The electrospun system showed a substantial increase in plane-stress essential work of fracture in comparison to bulk specimens processed from pellets. Toughness decreased as HAP loading increased. The effect of simulated body fluid (SBF) on the mechanical properties was also studied. Mechanical properties including tensile strength and modulus were found to increase with HAP concentration in general. Compression molded electrospun nanofibers were spatially confined such that the tensile strength and stiffness of molded and spun fibers are remarkably higher than those from molded specimen of pellets.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Determining the appropriate amount of data for classifying consumers for direct marketing purposes

This article examines the impact of using incremental amounts of purchasing data on the ability to classify consumers in consumer packaged goods categories for direct marketing purposes. Building on the work of Rossi, McCulloch, and Allenby (1996), who focused on the impact of three information sets—(a) demographics only, (b) demographics and one purchase made by a consumer, and (c) demographics plus an entire purchasing history of a consumer—we examine the impact of each additional purchase, starting with no purchasing information (i.e., demographics only) through 20 purchases. Using two different classification models, a Multinomial Logit model and an Artificial Neural Network model, we examine the sensitivity of classification accuracy to each additional purchase. We use these results in a profitability analysis of a hypothetical direct marketing campaign to determine the optimal number of purchases to use for classification in the category studied. The findings suggest an optimal number of purchasing observations exists for classification and targeting purposes and this optimal number falls between one purchase and a “history” of purchases as studied by Rossi et al. Our findings illustrate the importance of conducting a sensitivity analysis to identify the optimal amount of purchasing data to use when classifying consumers for the purpose of a direct marketing campaign.
Purification of D&C Red. No. 33 by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to purify a composite sample of D&C Red No. 33. A number of contaminating impurities were isolated fromthe dye and the purified material was essentially free of residual aromatic amines. A comparison was made between purification by preparative HPLC and recrystallization.
Removal of Malathion Residues on Lettuce by Washing

Malathion (S-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate), a broad-spectrum insecticide, was used in California to eradicate infestations of the Mediterranean fruitfly (Medfly-Ceratitis capitata) (Segawa 1991). Under the eradication program, malathion in a protein-sugar bait was applied by helicopters over extensive agricultural and residential areas where many of the over 260 host plants susceptible to Medfly infestation could be found (Foote 1993). Homeowners were concerned about consuming fruits and vegetables grown in home gardens that were exposed to the bait sprays. Water rinsing or washing has been reported to remove malathion residues from vegetables (Smith et al. 1955, Wallis et al. 1957). The extent to which pesticide residues could be removed from treated produce by washing may be influenced by a variety of factors such as the chemical properties and formulation type of the pesticide, the nature of the commodity, the length of time that the residue has been on the commodity’s surface, and the rinsing time and rinsing agents used (Smith et al. 1955).
Directed Evolution of the Biosphere: Biogeochemical Selection or Gaia?

At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, a few Russian scientists proposed an interrelated hypothesis on the coevolution of life and the environment. Because political, linguistic, and cultural barriers between Russia and the rest of the world existed through most of the twentieth century, many of their concepts are not well known in Western science. The synthesis of their works presented in this article leads to the concept of directed evolution of the global ecosystem. Similar to the influential Gaia hypothesis, this concept predicts evolution of the global ecosystem toward conditions generally favorable for organisms. Unlike the Gaia hypothesis, however, the directed evolution in works of Russian scientists results from the superposition of “micro–forces” controlled on local and regional scales by the universal criterion of biogeochemical selection.
Two-photon excitation cross section in light and intermediate atoms in frozen-core LS -coupling approximation

Using the method of explicit summation over the intermediate states two-photon absorption cross sections in light and intermediate atoms based on the simplistic frozen-core approximation and LS coupling have been formulated. Formulas for the cross section in terms of integrals over radial wave functions are given. Two selection rules, one exact and one approximate, valid within the stated approximations are derived. The formulas are applied to two-photon absorptions in nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine. In evaluating the radial integrals, for low-lying levels, the Hartree-Fock wave functions, and for high-lying levels, hydrogenic wave functions obtained by the quantum-defect method have been used. A relationship between the cross section and the oscillator strengths is derived.
Purification and properties of the Streptomyces peucetius DpsC beta-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase III that specifies the propionate-starter unit for type II polyketide biosynthesis.

Biosynthesis of the polyketide-derived carbon skeleton of daunorubicin (DNR) begins with propionate rather than acetate, which is the starter unit for most other aromatic polyketides. The dpsC gene has been implicated in specifying the unique propionate-starter unit, and it encodes a protein that is very similar to the Escherichia coli β-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (FabH or KS III) enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis. Purified DpsC was found to use propionyl-coenzyme A as substrate and to be acylated by propionate at the Ser-118 residue. DpsC exhibits KS III activity in catalyzing the condensation of propionyl-CoA and malonyl-ACP, and also functions as an acyltransferase in the transfer of propionate to an ACP. The DpsC enzyme has a high-substrate specificity, utilizing only propionyl-CoA, and not malonyl-CoA, 2-methylmalonyl-CoA or acetyl-CoA, as the starter unit of DNR biosynthesis.
Political Modernism, Jabra, and the Baghdad Modern Art Group

In his article "Political Modernism, Jabrā, and the Baghdad Art Group" Nathaniel Greenberg discusses how the art and literature of the late Palestinian novelist Jabrā Ibrahīm Jabrā challenged the normative perception of Arab modernism both within and outside the Middle East. Greenberg evaluates the influence of French existentialism on Jabrā's political vision of modernism and discusses the impact and nature of existentialism on Jabrā and on the Middle East. Educated in Europe, Jabrā returned to the Middle East in 1948 to live permanently in Baghdad where he was a member of the influential Baghdad Modern Art Group, established in 1951 under the direction of the preeminent Iraqi artist of the time, Jawād Selīm. While Jabrā became a leading proponent of the Baghdad Group and wrote about Selim's vision of modernism, in his own art he sought to move beyond the binary of Islam and the West, repetition and change, emulation and innovation. In politics, Jabrā attributed the loss of Palestine to an "outmoded tradition" and thus his novels and paintings depict individuals experimenting with action over reflection and self-determinism over communalism.
The Shepherd of Hermas

There is no danger that anyone will overlook the importance of Mr. Bonner's article on the Michigan Papyrus of the Shepherd of Hermas in the number of this Review for April, 1925. The publication of a manuscript of the Shepherd of Hermas dating from the third century will be a real event in the history of the interpretation of early Christian literature. But there is one point in his statement which, though it will appeal at once to those who have worked on the Shepherd, is likely to escape the notice of others unless attention be drawn to it.
Low energy limit of compton scattering withoutT, C, P invariance

WhenTCP invariance only is valid, Compton scattering from a spin — 1/2 particle is shown to he entirely determined by its mass, charge, magnetic and electric dipole moment in the two lowest orders of the frequency.
Imagery perspective and source monitoring in imagination inflation.

The present experiments suggest that imagery perspective—first person (own) versus third person (observer’s)—influences source-monitoring judgments. Imagination inflation (Garry, Manning, Loftus, & Sherman, 1996) occurs when imaginary experience with events is mistaken for real experience. In Experiment 1, the perspective used to visualize real past events depended on memory test wording (“remember doing?” vs. “happened to you?”). Experiment 2 manipulated the perspective used to visually imagine counterfactual events and showed that the effect on imagination inflation depended on memory test wording. Imagination inflation was most likely when memory test wording encouraged participants to visualize real events from the same perspective as they had used to imagine counterfactual ones. Imagination inflation may result not simply from having created imaginary representations of events, but also from having created representations that match the decision criteria used in source monitoring.
Concurrent and Predictive Relationships Between Compulsive Internet Use and Substance Use: Findings from Vocational High School Students in China and the USA

Purpose: Compulsive Internet Use (CIU) has increasingly become an area of research among process addictions. Largely based on data from cross-sectional studies, a positive association between CIU and substance use has previously been reported. This study presents gender and country-specific longitudinal findings on the relationships between CIU and substance use. Methods: Data were drawn from youth attending non-conventional high schools, recruited into two similarly implemented trials conducted in China and the USA. The Chinese sample included 1,761 students (49% male); the US sample included 1,182 students (57% male) with over half (65%) of the US youth being of Hispanic ethnicity. Path analyses were applied to detect the concurrent and predictive relationships between baseline and one-year follow-up measures of CIU level, 30-day cigarette smoking, and 30-day binge drinking. Results: (1) CIU was not positively related with substance use at baseline. (2) There was a positive predictive relationship between baseline CIU and change in substance use among female, but not male students. (3) Relationships between concurrent changes in CIU and substance use were also found among female, but not male students. (4) Baseline substance use did not predict an increase in CIU from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: While CIU was found to be related to substance use, the relationship was not consistently positive. More longitudinal studies with better measures for Internet Addiction are needed to ascertain the detailed relationship between Internet addiction and substance use.
Binding of neomycin-class aminoglycoside antibiotics to the A-site of 16 s rRNA

Aminoglycoside antibiotics that bind to ribosomal RNA in the aminoacyl-tRNA site (A-site) cause misreading of the genetic code and inhibit translocation. We have recently solved the structure of an A-site RNA-paromomycin complex. The structure suggested that rings I and II, common to all aminoglycosides that bind to the A-site, are the minimum motif for specific ribosome binding to affect translation. This hypothesis was tested biochemically and with a detailed comparative NMR study of interaction of the aminoglycosides paromomycin, neomycin, ribostamycin, and neamine with the A-site RNA. Our NMR data show that rings I and II of neomycin-class aminoglycosides are sufficient to confer specificity to the binding of the antibiotics to the model A-site RNA. Neomycin, paromomycin, ribostamycin and neamine bind in the major groove of the A-site RNA in a unique binding pocket formed by non-canonical base pairs and a bulged nucleotide. Similar NMR properties of the RNA and the diverse antibiotics within the different complexes formed with neomycin, paromomycin, ribostamycin and neamine suggest similar structures for these complexes.
Nonprecipitating and electrophoretically restricted antibodies to carbohydrate of group A Streptococcus in the rat.

Hyperimmunization of Sprague-Dawley rats with group A streptococcal vaccine elicited both precipitating and nonprecipitating antibodies to the group-specific carbohydrate of the Streptococcus. The occurrence of nonprecipitating antibodies in the immune response of the rat appeared to be genetically influenced by selective inbreeding that causes a low precipitin response. A number of rats responded to immunization by producing electrophoretically restricted antibody components. This restriction in light-chain heterogeneity confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of isolated antibody is apparently genetically influenced and capable of recall after extended periods of nonimmunization. Recently, hyperimmunization of rabbits [1], chickens [2], and rats [3] with streptococcal vaccines has been shown to stimulate the production of large quantities of precipitating antibody. Not infrequently, however, the response to the vaccines of a number of rabbits consisted predominately of nonprecipitating antibody [1]. Aware of this phenomenon and faced with the discrepancies encountered in our own system, we conducted a careful analysis of immune sera from adult Sprague-Dawley rats hyperimmunized with vaccine derived from group A Streptococcus. The occurrence and subsequent isolation of nonprecipitating antibodies was suggested by abnormal
Stimulation of coronary vasculogenesis/angiogenesis by hypoxia in cultured embryonic hearts.

Hypoxia is known to stimulate vascular growth by up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but little is known about the function of hypoxia in the development of the coronary vasculature, and the relationship between hypoxia and VEGF in this event. To test the effects of hypoxia and VEGF on coronary vasculogenesis/angiogenesis in the developing heart, ventricles from 6-day-old quail embryos were cultured on three-dimensional collagen gels. After 2 days of growth in normal medium and 1 day of starvation in low serum medium (0.5% fetal bovine serum), the heart explants were further cultured under various oxygen levels for another 24, 48, and 72 hr. Angioblasts and endothelial cells, which migrated out from the heart explants, were identified by QH1 antibody using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. In the normoxic culture environment, the endothelial cells began to proliferate and migrate out from the heart explants after 3 days of growth; they formed tubes mainly after another 72 hr. In contrast, this vascular growth was accelerated under hypoxic conditions, as evidenced by increased tube formation with significant differences observed at 48 hr. On the other hand, hyperoxia delayed this process. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results indicated that VEGF (including VEGF(122), VEGF(166), and VEGF(190)) was up-regulated in the heart explants under hypoxia and down-regulated under hyperoxia. VEGF neutralizing antibody added to the culture medium partially blocked this vascular growth. We conclude from this study that hypoxia can stimulate or up-regulate coronary vasculogenesis/angiogenesis and that VEGF signaling plays a major role in this event. Dev Dyn 1999;216:28-36.
The newsletters and annual reports of the Alaska Native corporations

Hales is associate professor of l ibrary science at the Elmer E. Rasmuson Library , Univers i ty of Alaska at Fairbanks. When Congress enacted the Alaska Native Claims Sett lement Act (ANCSA) on 18 December 1971, it not only implemented one of the most massive redistr ibutions of land ownership in the history of the Uni ted States, but also created a major agreement be tween the federal government and Nat ive Americans. Along with awarding the Alaska Natives about four mill ion acres of land and a monetary set t lement of $962.5 million, the act stipulated the establ ishment of twelve regional corporations to manage the money, resources, and lands of the Alaska Natives. A th i r teenth corporat ion was later added to take care of Alaska Natives living outside Alaska. A nonprof i t organizat ion was fo rmed to carry out the health, education, housing, employment , and other social programs of each of the thir teen Alaska Nat ive corporat ions. Most of the Nat ive corporat ions or their nonprof i t components present ly publish annual reports and newsletters. The annual reports generally provide overviews of the corporat ion 's activities for the year, f inancial s tatements , and general business activities. While the chief purpose of the newsletters has been to i n fo rm the shareholders of continuing activities and business dealings of the corporations, m a n y contain much more, such as historical articles about the Nat ive groups, their cultures, and leaders. There are also articles treat ing the many social changes of concern to the Nat ive Alaskans. The Nat ive corporat ions are involved in a mult ipl ic i ty of business ventures, in both Alaska and other parts of the world. Al though efforts are present ly being made to amend the Alaska Native Claims Sett lement Act, the law current ly stipulates that as of 18 December 1991, shareholders
Revealing the Substructure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fibers

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) uniquely combine characteristics of polymers (e.g., they are molecules composed of repeat units) as well as nanoscale colloids (e.g., they are extremely stiff); because of these characteristics, they may qualify as the ideal building blocks for the long-sought Staudinger's “continuous crystal.” To this end, neat SWNT fibers have been produced by wet-spinning concentrated dispersions of 6−10 wt % SWNTs in 102% H2SO4. A unique protocol that combined UV−ozone dry chemical etching and cryoultramicrotoming was developed to directly visualize the internal voids, alignment, and composition of these SWNT neat fibers. A substructure of large aligned SWNT ropes, 200−500 nm in diameter, was revealed throughout the fibers. This substructure may be linked to the SWNT spaghetti, threadlike liquid-crystalline domains observed in dispersions of SWNTs in H2SO4.
Diphenylhydantoin: Pharmacological and clinical use

Abstract Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) has been demonstrated to be an effective agent in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias of various etiologies. It appears to have special utility in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, especially those which are digitalis-induced. The drug has been shown to be ineffective in converting atrial fibrillation and flutter to normal sinus rhythm. DPH counteracts the arrhythmic action of digitalis. It depresses ventricular automaticity, enhances A-V conduction and does not significantly effect intraventricular conduction. Also, DPH counteracts the depressant effects of procaine amide. Limited observations, thus far, indicate that DPH is effective when given prophylactically in clinical situations which predispose to the production of cardiac arrhythmias. Side effects of DPH are generally of a mild and transient nature and may be minimized by administering the drug at a rate not to exceed 25–50 mg./min.
Conditioning Factors in Stroboscopic‐induced Seizures

SUMMARY This study indicates the possibility of conditioned extinction techniques as a therapeutic method in sensory evoked seizures when the patient has a potential extinction mechanism. RESUME Cette etude montre la possibilite de techniques d'extinction conditionnee en tant que methode therapeutique, lors de crises provoquees par une stimulation sensorielle quand le malade a un mecanisme potentiel d'extinction.
Checking local optimality in constrained quadratic programming is NP-hard

In this paper we prove that the problem of checking local optimality for a feasible point and the problem of checking if a local minimum is strict, are NP-hard problems. As a consequence the problem of checking whether a function is locally strictly convex is also NP-hard.
The usefulness of the plant-lectin, Ulex europaeus, in a large-scale blood-group study.

Summary A saline extract of Ulex europaeus seeds has been used to differentiate between apparent A1 and A2 red cells in 284 instances, and between A1B and A2B cells in 94 instances. It has also been used to detect H-substance in salivas of 3144 individuals. Because of frequent failure to detect A2B cells, the Ulex reagent proved inferior to presently available anti-A1 agglutinins for routine use. However, the finding that certain A cells were agglutinated by both anti-A1 and anti-H reagents indicates once again that A1-A2 differentiation is not always clear-cut. About 24% of the salivas tested did not contain H-substance. Among the other 76%, larger amounts of H-substance tended to occur in the salivas from individuals of blood groups O and A2. Resume Un extrait salin de graines d'Ulex ouropaeus a ete employe pour differencier entre les sous-groupes A1 et A2 chez 284 individus, et entre les sous-groupes A1B et A2B chez 94 individus. Cet extrait a aussi 6th employe pour la recherche de substance H dans la salive de 3144 individus. Le reactif Ulex s'est montre inferieur aux antiserums anti-A1 pour la determination des sous-groupes AB, puisqu'il est souvent incapable d'agglutiner les hematies A2B. Dans le groupe A, par contre, certains echantillons furent agglutines aussi bien par l‘antid-A1 que par le reactif Ulex, ce qui montre encore une fois que la differentiation A1-A2 n'est pas toujours nette. Environ 24% des salives testees ne contenaient pas de substance H. Parmi le reste, les salives d'individus de groupe O et A2 avaient en general plus de substance H que celles d'autres groupes. Zusammenfassung Mit einem Kochsalzextrakt von Ulex europaeus-Samen wurden die A1-A2-Bestimmungen bei 284 A- und 94 AB-Blutproben uberpruft. Der Extrakt wurde im weiteren benutzt, um im Speichel von 3144 Individuen H-Substanz nachzuweisen. Der Extrakt versagt oft bei der Bestimmung der Gruppe A2B. Er ist deswegen fur Routinebestimmungen ungeeignet und vermag die Anti-A1-Seren nicht zu ersetzen. Der Befund, das gelegentlich A-Erythrozyten durch Anti-A1-Seren und Anti-H-Reagentien agglutiniert werden, unterstreicht die heute noch bestehenden Lucken der A1-A2-Differenzierung. Etwa 24% der Speichelproben enthielten keine H-Substanz. Bei den etwa 76 % H-Ausscheidern zeigte sich, das O und A2-Individuen im allgemeinen mehr H-Substanz im Speichel ausscheiden, als die Angehorigen der ubrigen Gruppen.
Mass spectral fragmentations of alkylpyridine N-oxides

The behavior of a series of (2-, 3- and 4-) methyl-, ethyl- and n-butylpyridine N-oxides has been investigated at 70 and 14 eV. A loss-of-OH fragmentation occurs in all the N-oxides studied but is most important for 2-methyl- and 2-ethylpyridine N-oxides. All isomeric n-butylpyridine N-oxides show only a very weak loss-of-OH fragmentation from the molecular ion and a much stronger loss-of-OH fragment ion from the [M – 42] fragment. The loss-of-oxygen fragmentation is relatively intense in all cases studied, however. The loss-of-alkyl and McLafferty rearrangement fragmentations characteristic of the ethyl- and butylpyridines appear in the N-oxide mass spectra and are manifest from the molecular [M] and [M – 16] ions.
Distributed Rate-Distortion With Common Components

We describe a scheme for rate-distortion with distributed encoding in which the sources to be compressed contain a common component. We show that this scheme is optimal in some situations and that it strictly improves upon existing schemes, which do not make full use of common components. This establishes that independent quantization followed by independent binning is not optimal for the two-encoder problem with a distortion constraint on one source. We also show that independent quantization and binning is suboptimal for the three-encoder problem in which the goal is to reproduce one of the sources losslessly. This provides a counterexample that is fundamentally different from one provided earlier by Korner and Marton. The proofs rely on the binary analogue of the entropy power inequality and the existence of a rate loss for the binary symmetric Wyner-Ziv problem.
Ocean optical-property estimation with the Zaneveld–Wells algorithm

The Zaneveld–Wells algorithm for calculating N inherent optical expansion coefficients from N + 1 measured angle-integrated moments of the radiant light field is investigated. Because the algorithm is well conditioned but sensitive to errors in the spatial derivatives, different approximations for the spatial derivatives are considered. The effects of noise and sensor error on the performance of the algorithm have been evaluated analytically, and testing with randomly sampled simulated noise was performed to assess the stability and sensitivity of the algorithm. Results show that the algorithm is fairly insensitive to sensor noise, but neither using a higher-order finite-difference approximation for the derivatives nor reformulating the algorithm into an integral form was successful in overcoming the large errors observed.
The Sun and the Throne.

In this study, I seek to elucidate the process by which the Japanese royal descent myth evolved into the form with which the modern world is familiar. I analyze and compare the forms of the myth found in the Nihongi and the Kojiki , and explicate their evolution through historical and textual analysis. By examining the interplay of the internal dynamics of the myth itself and the external factors that worked to shape it, I reconstruct the mythographical process, and suggest key factors that may have molded the myth. In particular, I argue that it was the introduction of Buddhism at the Yamato court that stimulated the establishment of an imperial cult at Ise and the reconfiguration of key mythic traditions. According to my analysis, the myth itself originated during the reign of king Keitai (early 6th century). In the original myth, the ancestor of the ruling house was not the sun-goddess Amaterasu, but rather the heavenly ruler Takami-musubi. In the mid-sixth century, a sun-goddess named Ō-hirume was introduced in an effort to combat the rising influence of Buddhism. The artificial figure of Amaterasu was introduced only during the reign of Temmu, late in the seventh century.
A case history in selective elimination as a solution to the information crises

Les AA. comparent deux volumes de l'Encyclopedica Britannica pour montrer le pourcentage de nouveautes et pour etablir un coefficient d'annulation historique
Towards a general model for protein–substrate stereoselectivity

Protein-substrate interactions in enzymatic, neurological, and immunological systems are typically characterized by a high degree of stereoselectivity towards complex substrates. We propose a novel stereocenter-recognition (SR) model for stereoselectivity of proteins (or receptors in general) towards substrates that have multiple stereocenters, based on the topology of substrate stereocenters. The model provides the minimum number of substrate locations that need to enter into binding, nonbinding, or repulsive interactions with receptor sites, for stereoselectivity to occur. According to this model, a substrate location may interact with multiple receptor sites, or multiple substrate locations may interact with a single receptor site, but a stereoselective receptor has to offer, in the correct geometry, at least as many interactions as the required minimum number of substrate locations. The SR model predicts that stereoselectivity towards an acyclic substrate with N stereocenters distributed along a single chain requires interactions involving a minimum of N + 2 substrate locations, distributed over all stereocenters in the substrate, such that effectively three locations exist per stereocenter. Thus, enantioselective recognition of molecules with one chiral center requires a protein to interact with a minimum of three substrate locations, while stereoselectivity towards substrates with two or three stereocenters requires interactions with a minimum of four or five substrate locations, respectively, and so on. We demonstrate the general applicability of this model to protein-substrate interactions by interpreting several previous experimental observations.
Inhibitory Mechanism of the Protein C Pathway on Tissue Factor-induced Thrombin Generation SYNERGISTIC EFFECT IN COMBINATION WITH TISSUE FACTOR PATHWAY INHIBITOR

Abstract The effects of the components of the protein C pathway on thrombin generation were studied in a reconstituted model in which thrombin is generated by factor VIIa and relipidated tissue factor (TF) via the activation of the purified coagulation factors X, IX, VIII, V, and prothrombin. The influence of protein C and soluble thrombomodulin on thrombin generation was correlated with factor Xa generation, factor V(a) and factor VIII(a) formation/inactivation, and protein C activation. Thrombin generation initiated by low concentrations of factor VIIa·TF (1.25 pM) occurs in an explosive fashion during a propagation phase which occurs after an initiation phase of ∼1 min in which only traces of thrombin are formed. In the absence of other inhibitors, protein C (65 nM) in combination with high concentrations of soluble thrombomodulin (10 nM) resulted in a reduced rate of thrombin generation during the propagation phase without affecting the initiation phase; the activated protein C generated failed to neutralize prothrombinase activity and did not prevent prothrombin consumption. In the presence of plasma levels of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (2.5 nM recombinant TFPI), the protein C pathway reduced the rate of thrombin generation, initiated by 1.25 pM factor VIIa·TF, and completely eliminated prothrombinase activity at soluble thrombomodulin concentrations of ≥1 nM. The neutralization of prothrombinase activity coincided with cleavages at Arg-506 and subsequent cleavage at Arg-306 of the factor Va heavy chain by activated protein C. Thus, the protein C pathway combined with TFPI creates a minimal inhibitory potential required to shut down TF-initiated thrombin generation. The protein C pathway constituents did not influence factor Xa generation or factor VIIIa degradation over the interval in which prothrombinaseactivity was neutralized. Our data thus suggest that the protein C pathway regulates thrombin generation solely by the inactivation of factor Va. At low initiating factor VIIa·TF (1.25 pM) and high thrombomodulin concentrations (10 nM), the factor Va heavy chain is cleaved before significant amounts of light chain are generated. The ability of the protein C pathway to inhibit thrombin generation was greatly reduced when the reaction was initiated in the presence of factor Va, supporting the hypothesis that effective down-regulation of thrombin generation by the protein C pathway, in reactions initiated with the procofactor, occurs by prevention of the coexistence of the factor Va heavy and light chains.
The δf Algorithm for Beam Dynamics

An algorithm is developed to study particle dynamics of beams including collective interaction with high accuracy and low noise. Particle dynamics with collective interactions is treated through particle simulation, where the main or average distribution f0 and the deviation away from it, ?f , are separately followed. The main distribution f0 is handled by an analytic equilibrium solution and the perturbation away from it, ?f, is followed by the method of characteristics. We call this the ?f algorithm. We specifically model a synchrotron collider which includes the collision section where collective effects of collisions are simulated by this ?f algorithm and the rest of the collider where single particle dynamics are treated by simple harmonic transport. The most important target of this simulation is to understand and predict the long-time (108-109 rotations) behavior of the beam luminosity and lifetime. The ?f method allows us to study the effect of small perturbations over long timescales of beam lifetime by eliminating the numerical noise problem that is inherent in particle-in-cell techniques. In the ?f code using the reference parameters of the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider), beam blow-up near resonances and oscillations in the tune shift, ?v, far from resonances are observed. In studying long timescale particle diffusion in the phase space of the beams away from resonances, the ?f code performance is compared with a tracking code which does not incorporate collective interaction.
Formation of Schiff Base Adduct between Acetaldehyde and Rat Liver Microsomal Phosphatidylethanolamine

Recent studies have established the formation of acetaldehyde adducts of proteins even at low concentrations of acetaldehyde expected to occur in vivo under conditions of ethanol metabolism. Although formation of acetaldehyde adducts with phospholipids has been obtained at high pH values and at high concentrations of acetaldehyde, the occurrence of such adducts under more physiological conditions had yet to be demonstrated. Rat liver microsomes were incubated with 0.2 mM [14C]acetaldehyde at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. After treatment with sodium borohydride to reduce any Schiff bases formed, the phospholipids were isolated. The major radioactive component within the phospholipid fraction had chromatographic properties identical to N-ethylphosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, the nitrogenous base derived therefrom by acid hydrolysis was identical to N-ethylethanolamine. These results indicate that a Schiff base adduct between acetaldehyde and microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine had been formed during incubation of low concentrations of acetaldehyde with rat liver microsomes.
Alternatives to present price policies for the CAP

The costs and benefits of the CAP, as conventionally measured, suggest that the CAP is seriously inefficient. However, the per-head net benefits for affected groups, the non-uniformity of their incidence among countries, and the particular effects of the common principles all provide reasons for the policy's persistence in the face of apparently growing pressures. The CAP demonstrates a logical and historical profession from unlimited support through price prudence and thresholds to quantitative controls on supplies. Associated with this progression, the relative weights of the various policy pressures can be identified, which in turn define a range of future policy options. A qualitative assessment of these options suggests that recurring crises will continue and that the chances of achieving a more liberal international trading attitude are less than 20 percent. Copyright 1989 by Oxford University Press.
Temperature Dependence of the Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Face‐Centered Cubic Cobalt

Single crystals of face-centered cubic cobalt have been examined between 4.2° and 850°K. The usual transformation to the hexagonal structure below 700°K is avoided by using two special forms of samples: (a) thin films evaporated onto MgO substrates, and (b) the precipitated cobalt-rich phase in a 2% Co-Cu single crystal. In both cases the fcc cobalt is stabilized by and has a close correspondence with the host lattice. Standard ferromagnetic (electron-spin) resonance techniques have been used to determine the magneto-crystalline anisotropy parameters K 1/M and K 2/M over the temperature range indicated, and, in addition, the spectroscopic splitting factor g is found to be 2.06±0.03 independent of temperature. The temperature dependence of the anisotropy constants is in accord with the relation K(T)/K(o) = [M(T)/M(o)] n , where for M(T)/M(o) we have taken the determination by V. Jaccarino [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 4, 461 (1959)] of the temperature dependence of the cobalt-nuclear magnetic resonance frequency which we assume to be proportional to the magnetization. The results that are obtained indicate that the power n of the dependence noted is nearly 10 for K 1 and much higher for K 2. At 0°K samples of type (a) have −K 1/M=600 oe.
Implications of Static-99 Field Reliability Findings for Score Use and Reporting:

The Static-99 is a well-researched measure used in many courtroom and correctional settings to help make decisions about sexual offenders. But, as with most forensic assessment measures, we know mu...