cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation of functionally active and highly purified neuronal mitochondria from human cortex

Abstract Background Functional and structural properties of mitochondria are highly tissue and cell dependent, but isolation of highly purified human neuronal mitochondria is not currently available. New method We developed and validated a procedure to isolate purified neuronal mitochondria from brain tissue. The method combines Percoll gradient centrifugation to obtain synaptosomal fraction with nitrogen cavitation mediated synaptosome disruption and extraction of mitochondria using anti mitochondrial outer membrane protein antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads. The final products of isolation are non-synaptosomal mitochondria, which are a mixture of mitochondria isolated from different brain cells (i.e. neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) and synaptic mitochondria, which are of neuronal origin. This method is well suited for preparing functional mitochondria from human cortex tissue that is surgically extracted. Results The procedure produces mitochondria with minimal cytoplasmic contaminations that are functionally active based on measurements of mitochondrial respiration as well as mitochondrial protein import. The procedure requires approximately four hours for the isolation of human neuronal mitochondria and can also be used to isolate mitochondria from mouse/rat/monkey brains. Comparison with existing methods and conclusions This method will allow researchers to study highly enriched neuronal mitochondria without the confounding effect of cellular and organelle contaminants.
Open Chain Systems Based on Oriented Graph - Matroid Theory

This paper presents a novel technique for the kinematic analysis of planar and spatial open chain systems, called the Incidence and Transfer Method (IT), which is based on the incidence matrices associated with the edgeoriented graph attached to the mechanism and the transfer joints. Relative to such joints, a set of independent equations can be automatically generated for the efficient computation of manipulator’s joint positions and velocities. Kinematics of open chain manipulators with common joints such as revolute (R), prismatic (P), cylindrical (C), and helical (H) can be solved by using the sparse matrices derived from the manipulator’s graph model. Complete kinematic equations are obtained in matrix form using a base of circuits from a cycle matroid. The proposed method has general applicability and can be employed for systems with any number of links and degrees of freedom, as illustrated by the numerical example presented. This method has applicability in kinematic optimization for mechanisms usage in automobiles.
Improved methods to estimate the effective impervious area in urban catchments using rainfall-runoff data

Summary Impervious surfaces are useful indicators of the urbanization impacts on water resources. Effective impervious area (EIA), which is the portion of total impervious area (TIA) that is hydraulically connected to the drainage system, is a better catchment parameter in the determination of actual urban runoff. Development of reliable methods for quantifying EIA rather than TIA is currently one of the knowledge gaps in the rainfall-runoff modeling context. The objective of this study is to improve the rainfall-runoff data analysis method for estimating EIA fraction in urban catchments by eliminating the subjective part of the existing method and by reducing the uncertainty of EIA estimates. First, the theoretical framework is generalized using a general linear least square model and using a general criterion for categorizing runoff events. Issues with the existing method that reduce the precision of the EIA fraction estimates are then identified and discussed. Two improved methods, based on ordinary least square (OLS) and weighted least square (WLS) estimates, are proposed to address these issues. The proposed weighted least squares method is then applied to eleven urban catchments in Europe, Canada, and Australia. The results are compared to map measured directly connected impervious area (DCIA) and are shown to be consistent with DCIA values. In addition, both of the improved methods are applied to nine urban catchments in Minnesota, USA. Both methods were successful in removing the subjective component inherent in the analysis of rainfall-runoff data of the current method. The WLS method is more robust than the OLS method and generates results that are different and more precise than the OLS method in the presence of heteroscedastic residuals in our rainfall-runoff data.
Abstract 4990: Complement promotes growth of ovarian cancer.

Objective: The complement system is a component of innate immunity against invading pathogens, but also mediates the cell-cell communication in organ regeneration, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. We studied whether the complement system affect tumor growth in ovarian cancer. Materials & Methods: Complement C3 mRNA level was quantified using qRT-PCR in ovarian cancer cell lines and in tumor specimens from patients with ovarian cancer. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to investigate the consequences of C3 gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. Results: C3 was expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor tissues from patients. Silencing of the C3 gene decreased ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. In orthotopic murine models of ovarian cancer, C3 siRNA reduced growth of implanted tumors by 60% as was evident by lower number and smaller size of tumor nodules in C3-siRNA treated mice in comparison to those in scrambled siRNA treated control mice (average tumor weight of 0.19 g in C3 siRNA vs. 0.61 g in scrambled siRNA, n=8 in each group, p=0.017; average nodule number of 4.4 in C3 siRNA vs. 11.4 in scrambled siRNA, n=8 in each group, p=0.05; t-test). Consistent with our in vitro and animal studies, ovarian cancer patients with a higher C3 mRNA level in their tumors had a worse prognosis with overall survival rates compared to those with a lower C3 mRNA level (n=75, p=0.03). Conclusion: Our studies revealed a novel role for complement in cancer biology. Cancer cell-derived C3 promotes tumor growth and progression. Our studies might identify the complement system as a new target for the development of new anti-tumor reagents. Citation Format: Min Soon Cho, Hernan G. Vasquez, Hee Dong Han, Sunila Pradeep, Rajesh Rupaimoole, Behrouz Zand, Michael Kroll, Anil K. Sood, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan. Complement promotes growth of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4990. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4990
Registered nurses: the impact of wages on labour force participation and hours worked – are wages an effective mechanism for addressing RN shortages with evidence from 1960 to 2008?

ABSTRACTRegistered nurses (RNs) are critical producers and coordinators of patient care in acute and non-acute settings (Needleman et al. 2011). The Affordable Care Act coupled with an ageing population, are increasing demand for health care and, in turn, RNs. Numbering 3 million, RNs comprise the largest professional occupation in health care. Therefore, the labour force participation and hours worked are of keen interest to stakeholders and policymakers. Rising demand may exacerbate nursing shortages and have important effects on costs. We estimate the impact of wages on participation and hours worked as a possible policy tool to increase nursing supply. In 2008, the RN wage had a positive and significant effect on participation and a small positive but only marginally significant effect on hours worked given participation. The latter elasticity for married females (single females) was 0.11 (0.33). Therefore, the elasticity of hours worked with respect to the nurse wage is and unlikely to have an import...
Calcium-mediated agonists activate an inwardly rectified K+ channel in colonic secretory cells

Single-channel recording techniques were used to identify and characterize the K+ channel activated by Ca(2+)-mediated secretory agonists in T84 cells. Carbachol (CCh; 100 microM) and taurodeoxycholate (TDC; 0.75 mM) stimulated oscillatory outward K+ currents. With K gluconate in bath and pipette, cell-attached single-channel K+ currents stimulated by CCh and ionomycin (2 microM) were inwardly rectified and reversed at 0 mV. The single-channel chord conductance was 32 pS at -90 mV and 14 pS at +90 mV. Similar properties were observed in excised inside-out patches in symmetric K+, permitting further characterization of channel properties. Partial substitution of bath or pipette K+ with Na+ gave a K(+)-to-Na+ selectivity ratio of 5.5:1. Channel activity increased with increasing bath Ca2+ concentration in the physiological range of 50-800 nM. Maximal channel activity occurred at intracellular pH 7.2 and decreased at more acidic or alkaline pH values. Extracellular charybdotoxin (CTX; 50 nM) blocked inward but not outward currents. Extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM) reduced single-channel amplitude at all voltages. No apparent block of the channel was observed with extracellular Ba2+ (1 mM), apamin (1 microM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 4 mM), quinine (500 microM), or glyburide (10 microM). Cytosolic quinine and 4-AP blocked both inward and outward currents, whereas Ba2+ blocked only outward currents. Apamin, CTX, TEA, and glyburide did not affect channel activity. The agonist activation and pharmacological profile of this inwardly rectified K+ channel indicate that it is responsible for the increase in basolateral K+ conductance stimulated by Ca(2+)-mediated agonists in T84 cells.
River Ice Processes

The presence of ice in rivers is an important aspect to be considered in the development of water resources in cold regions. River ice research has largely been driven by engineering and environmental problems that concern society. Ice formation can affect the design, operation, and maintenance of hydraulic engineering facilities, in addition to issues related to ecological, environmental, and morphological aspects of the river. River ice processes involve complex interactions between hydrodynamic, mechanical, and thermal processes. They are also influenced by weather and hydrologic conditions. This chapter gives a brief overview of river ice processes, followed by discussions on the state of knowledge of these processes from freeze-up to breakup, and sediment transport in rivers under ice conditions.
Going, Going, Gone: Case Studies in Library Deaccessioning

Although a relatively common practice in the world of Special Collections, deaccession is perhaps the one premeditated activity that is most conducive to controversy. Why is this the case? Among the reasons, I think, are the following: research libraries generally, and Special Collections particularly, have been perceived traditionally in terms of permanence and in correlative terms of the imperative to accumulate, to gather in and preserve forever the product of human intellectual endeavor; deaccession erodes this perception of permanence. Special Collections, virtually without exception, build their collections to a considerable extent through a network of associations with donor/collectors whose . . .
Analysis of Neuronal Spike Trains, Deconstructed

As information flows through the brain, neuronal firing progresses from encoding the world as sensed by the animal to driving the motor output of subsequent behavior. One of the more tractable goals of quantitative neuroscience is to develop predictive models that relate the sensory or motor streams with neuronal firing. Here we review and contrast analytical tools used to accomplish this task. We focus on classes of models in which the external variable is compared with one or more feature vectors to extract a low-dimensional representation, the history of spiking and other variables are potentially incorporated, and these factors are nonlinearly transformed to predict the occurrences of spikes. We illustrate these techniques in application to datasets of different degrees of complexity. In particular, we address the fitting of models in the presence of strong correlations in the external variable, as occurs in natural sensory stimuli and in movement. Spectral correlation between predicted and measured spike trains is introduced to contrast the relative success of different methods.
The First Sicilian Slave War, 135–132 b.c.

The first major slave war faced by the Roman Republic erupted in the center of the island of Sicily, the state’s first overseas province. According to most accounts, the war began with a sudden outburst of violence in 135 b.c. in the city of Enna, the agricultural center of one of the richest agricultural plains on the island and also an important cult center of the goddess Demeter. A slave named Eunus led the initial outbreak, but the war also involved other smaller revolts, led by local slave leaders, in different parts of the island.
Multi-layer text classification with voting for consumer reviews

As social media has become increasingly popular in the modern world, people are using these platforms to express their opinions about products, businesses, and services. The need for categorizing these consumer reviews has been prominent. One effective solution is sentiment analysis (SA), which has been an active research topic. The goal of SA is to automatically extracting and classifying user opinions. Pervious research works however have not shown satisfied results. In this paper, a multilayer architecture is proposed to increase the performance of multiclass classification. The framework includes data-preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, and classifier building. The framework is a two-layer classification, choosing from Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression as base models, and using a voting scheme to obtain the final predicted class. The proposed model is applied to more than 1.3 million restaurant reviews from the Yelp Challenge dataset. We have achieved a high accuracy of 86% for cross validation, and using real-world online review data as test data, we have achieved an accuracy of 80%. The results show that the proposed framework has greatly improved classification accuracy while comparing with those using single-layer architectures. We believe that the proposed method may be applied to, and would have significant contributions to other areas of opinion mining.
Phylogeography of the Habronattus amicus species complex (Araneae: Salticidae) of western North America, with evidence for localized asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression

The frequency and significance of hybridization and gene introgression in spiders (Araneae) is unclear, largely because few studies have combined multiple lines of evidence in the study of systems where introgression is likely. Here we consider multiple types of data to gauge the prevalence and importance of mitochondrial introgression for three species of the Habronattus amicus species complex distributed in western North America. A comprehensive phylogeographic sample recovers some geographically-coherent mitochondrial clades, but conspicuously fails to resolve nominal species as monophyletic. This pattern of discordance between molecules and morphological taxonomy is studied in more detail for two species, H. amicus (Peckham and Peckham) and H. ustulatus (Griswold), found in syntopy on three dune systems in south-central Oregon. Here, multivariate morphological analyses clearly distinguish these two species, but also reveal a narrow window of size overlap between small H. amicus females and large H. ustulatus males. A quantitative assessment of microhabitat use shows that these species occupy different microhabitats at two of three dune systems, but that this difference breaks down at a single site (Summer Lake). Consistent with the size overlap and ecological data, mitochondrial data suggest interspecific gene flow at Summer Lake, which is apparently asymmetric from H. amicus into H. ustulatus. The introgression dynamics revealed in south-central Oregon impact our interpretation of mitochondrial gene trees for the entire species complex, and provide important insight into how hybridization may be influencing evolution in this diverse spider genus.
Rightward attentional bias in windshield displays: Implication towards external human machine interfaces for self-driving cars

The current paper describes research, examining the daytime lighting requirements for windshield based human machine interface (HMI) components of self-driving cars or highly autonomous vehicles (HAVs). The results of this study showed a significant rightward attentional bias in the detection of amber LEDs at low luminosity levels. The rightward bias persists at different viewing angles. However, this bias is absent for white LEDs. These results support the Saliency-Effort-Expectancy-Value (SEEV) model [12] of selective attention. These results highlight that priority should be given to the driver side for placement of critical external HMI components, especially those with lower perceptual saliency.
Dose of physical activity, physical functioning and disability risk in mobility-limited older adults: Results from the LIFE study randomized trial.

Understanding the minimal dose of physical activity required to achieve improvement in physical functioning and reductions in disability risk is necessary to inform public health recommendations. To examine the effect of physical activity dose on changes in physical functioning and the onset of major mobility disability in The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study. We conducted a multicenter single masked randomized controlled trial that enrolled participants in 2010 and 2011 and followed them for an average of 2.6 years. 1,635 sedentary men and women aged 70–89 years who had functional limitations were randomized to a structured moderate intensity walking, resistance, and flexibility physical activity program or a health education program. Physical activity dose was assessed by 7-day accelerometry and self-report at baseline and 24 months. Outcomes included the 400 m walk gait speed, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months, and onset of major mobility disability (objectively defined by loss of ability to walk 400 m in 15 min). When the physical activity arm or the entire sample were stratified by change in physical activity from baseline to 24 months, there was a dose-dependent increase in the change in gait speed and SPPB from baseline at 6, 12, and 24 months. In addition, the magnitude of change in physical activity over 24 months was related to the reduction in the onset of major mobility disability (overall P 48 minutes per week) in regular physical activity participation had significant and clinically meaningful effects on these outcomes. Trial registration: ClinicalsTrials.gov NCT00116194
Occurrence, distribution and composition of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin, US

The Lower Fox River is a 39 mile section which supports approximately 270,000 rural inhabitants across 18 counties, 303,000 metropolitan residents in Green Bay and Appleton, Wisconsin, and several large industrial complexes such as paper mills and power plants. This paper presents the distribution and concentrations of aliphatic (n-alkanes) and aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) as well as total organic carbon (TOC) in the Lower Fox River to identify the sources of hydrocarbon contamination. Excluding one outlier, percent TOC values were between 0.73 and 19.9% with an average value of 6.74%. Total n-alkanes ranged from 3.51 μg/g to 117 μg/g and showed a strong presence of odd carbon-numbered n-alkane ratios (range of C25 to C35), suggesting source input from terrestrial biomass. The mean polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration was 24,800 ng/g. High molecular weight PAH concentrations dominated the distribution of hydrocarbon contaminants. Cross-plots of PAHs were used to compare diagnostic source ratios of benz[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), fluoranthene (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phe), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (InP), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) by depth and area. PAH ratios varied slightly with the core depth. Deeper core sections indicated the presence of biomass combustion while the upper core sections indicated combustion of both petroleum and biomass. The PAH toxicity of one core was estimated using toxicity equivalency factors, and the benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalence quotient totaled 2,293 ng/g-dry wt. Levels of PAHs in sediments are compared with established regulatory values and recommendations are made.
IN-FANS SONORUM

Infancy and its way of thinking has been, for a long time, silenced. But, under a perspective of sound, what is silence if not a different way of sound? Under the opening up to listening that this new understanding of silence gives us, we will discover that infancy has been negated in a double way. At first, under a visual –and official- perspective of thinking; an in the second place, and this is what really matters to us, in its evocative and resounding way of thought.
A note on the use of conservation practices in U.S. agriculture.

This article measures the effect of an increase in productivityattributable to an increase in soil organic carbon associated with theincrease in the use of conservation practices in agriculture in theUnited States. Both the direct and indirect effects are calibrated. Theanalytical approach used consists of a dynamic computable generalequilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 10 consumingsectors, seven household categories classified by income, and agovernment. The results suggest that the impact of a change inproductivity is an increase in output over a six year period starting in1998 in field crops. The most significant impact is felt in thelivestock sector. This is because field crops are a major input in theproduction of livestock. The food processing sector also exhibits arelatively large increase because of the increase in inputs of both fieldcrops and livestock. Manufacturing output increases primarily becauseoverall investment rises and most investment utilizes manufacturinggoods. The other producing sectors are generally unaffected by theincrease in agricultural production due to an increase in soil organiccarbon. Coincident with the increase in the production of field cropsis a relatively large decrease in the price of field crops. Othernoticeable price reductions occur in the livestock sector and the foodprocessing sector. For the consuming sectors, the consumption offood and alcohol and tobacco increase but consumption in all of theother sectors remains basically unchanged. Prices in the food andalcohol and tobacco sectors decline by about 1% while theprices in the other sectors remain static. Household welfare increasesin the aggregate by only 0.1% with this increase occurringuniformly across all household categories. Revenue received by thegovernment increases a modest 2% in response to an increase inoutput and, hence, an increase in taxes paid. The results indicate thatthere are significant production benefits for several sectors that can berealized by an increase in the use of conservation practices inagricultural production which, in turn, enhances soil organic carbon.There are a number of policy options available to promote the use ofconservation practices. These include education and technicalassistance, financial assistance, research and development, landretirement, and regulation and taxes.
Does R Prime Imply M R (R 2 ) is Simple

In [1] Maxson and van der Walt prove that when M R(R2) is simple, then R must be prime. In this paper we present a class of examples which proves the converse need not be true. That is, R prime does not imply M R(R2) is simple.
Social Justice in English Language Teaching, by Hastings, C., & Jacob, L. (Eds.): (2016). Alexandria, VA: TESOL Press. 315 pp. $60.95 (paperback). ISBN: 9781942799429.

Social Justice in English Language Teaching, edited by Christopher Hastings and Laura Jacob, is a collection of essays written by educators currently working in the field of English Language Teachi...
Abstract SY14-02: Personalized therapies: Neoantigen discovery and vaccination

Tumor antigens derived from somatic mutations, or indels, are referred to as mutation-derived tumor antigens (MTAs) but are also known as neoantigens,or tumor-specific antigens. Evidence suggests that MTAs play a significant role in the endogenous adaptive immune response to tumors, and in the induced response following treatment with checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1. This session will cover the concept of shared neoantigens in cancer and vaccine approaches to elicit adaptive antitumor immunity. Citation Format: Nina Bhardwaj. Personalized therapies: Neoantigen discovery and vaccination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY14-02.
Excluding inflammatory bowel disease in the irritable bowel syndrome patient: how far to go?

Purpose of review Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is among the most commonly encountered conditions in primary care and gastroenterology. There is ample evidence that an IBS diagnosis based on symptom-based criteria and exclusion of alarm features that would otherwise support diagnostic testing is accurate and durable. For many clinicians, however, IBS remains a diagnosis of exclusion because of concern surrounding missed diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or other organic gastrointestinal diseases. Using blood and/or fecal biomarker tests to shift the precolonoscopy probability of IBD in patients with symptoms mimicking IBS is becoming an increasingly reasonable practice with improvement in 'preliminary' tests. Recent findings Fecal calprotectin (FCP) testing appears to be the most sensitive preliminary test for discriminating IBD from IBS. Although both fecal lactoferrin and FCP were superior to serum C-reactive peptide (CRP) in their diagnostic accuracy, FCP is superior to fecal lactoferrin based on available literature. Summary In patients with IBS with diarrhea who have not undergone previous extensive evaluation, the ability of screening tests to detect colonic inflammation is improving. FCP and fecal lactoferrin are reliable predictors of colonic inflammation and should be considered for standard testing in patients with IBS-D symptoms to help identify those who would benefit most from colonoscopy. Although predictive, there currently are no fecal or serum tests that can definitively identify or subtype IBD.
Juice Displaces Milk and Fruit in High School Lunches.

Abstract Objective To compare beverages and foods selected by high school students on days when juice was offered (juice days) and not offered (non-juice days) with the reimbursable school meal. Methods Lunch register data from 386 days across 3 low-income Northeast high schools were used to compare juice and non-juice days for average daily selections of meal components and a la carte water and 100% juice sales. Results On juice days, 9.9% fewer milks (P Conclusions and Implications Reducing juice availability in the reimbursable school lunch may increase selection of milk and fruit. Future research is warranted to assess how juice availability influences selection of milk, fruit, and water across a range of student populations.
Sanitary quality of drinking water analysis in rural areas of Heyuan.

Objective To investigate sanitary quality of drinking water in rural areas of Heyuan.Methods Using stratified random sampling principle to investigate and analysis the water.Results Heyuan rural drinking water mainly to the underground water which accounted for 79.47% .It is mainly a non-centralized way of supply , accounted for 77.71%.The percentages of drinking from water supply with complete treatment, partial treatment, tap water without any treatment are 26.92% , 15.39% and 57.69% , respectively.In the 150 water samples, the water quality of rural drinking water above grade II have 82, accounting for 54.67%.Underground water is better than surface water, with a pass rate(χ2=3.96, P0.05).The total bacteria, total coliform count of the centralized water supply is superior to the decentralized water supply, with a significant difference in the passing rate(χ2=4.32、5.58, P0.05).Conclusion The main factor of Heyuan unsafe drinking water in rural areas is the microbial contamination.Strengthen the awareness of rural drinking water hygiene, water well site selection, protection and water purification and disinfection are important to prevent all kinds of water-mediated diseases, and the protection of people's health.
Resiliency factors that protect against post-deployment drug use among male US Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers.

Abstract Background Service members who have been deployed are at risk for substance use, especially Reserve/Guard troops. However, it is unclear what modifiable factors protect against substance use in this at-risk population. Our objective was to examine the effects of pre-, peri-, and post-deployment resiliency factors on post-deployment drug use. Methods Data were drawn from Operation: SAFETY (Soldiers and Families Excelling Through the Years), an ongoing study examining the health of US Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers. This sample consisted of male USAR/NG soldiers with at least one combat deployment (N = 228). At baseline, we assessed the following as potential protective factors: deployment preparation, unit support and support from family/friends during soldiers’ most recent deployment, and marital satisfaction. We examined the relations between each of these resiliency factors with drug use at the first follow-up assessment using the NIDA modified ASSIST 2.0. Results Greater unit support (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.92; p 0.05). Conclusions Social support provided to soldiers during deployment, either by his unit or his family/friends, showed evidence of protection against post-deployment drug use. In addition to existing post-deployment efforts, we recommend interventions that facilitate stronger interpersonal relationships during deployment.
Practicing Critical Oral History: Connecting School and Community. By Christine K. Lemley. Practicing Oral History series. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. 172 pp. 978-1-1382-99320 (Softcover) $34.95. 978-1-1382-99313 (Hardcover) $155.00. 978-1-3150-98043 (e-Book) from $17.48.

Education Professor Christine Lemley has produced a slim book in which she joins two passions: the methodology of oral history and culturally relevant pedagogy. In her classes, oral history is used...
The compensation hypothesis goes east: FDI and welfare state demand in postcommunist countries

While existing research provides evidence that globalisation sparks citizen demand for the welfare state in wealthy Western democracies, less is known about how globalisation affects public demand for welfare elsewhere. This study explores the link between globalisation and welfare preferences in postcommunist countries by examining workers at multinational corporations (MNCs). These workers have previously been found to have lower levels of job security, even in Western Europe. Additionally, in the postcommunist context, MNC employment also frequently offers better opportunities than other available jobs. This combination of risk and benefit creates higher demand for social insurance (such as unemployment insurance) because MNC workers have both higher job insecurity and higher costs of job loss (if the benefits of MNC employment make it difficult to find an equally good job). Original survey data from Ukraine shows that MNC workers experience greater insecurity and are paid more than other workers. They also express preferences for more expansive welfare programmes, prioritising those related to labour market insurance. This pattern of MNC workers’ experience and preferences is confirmed in cross-national survey data from 30 peripheral economies, demonstrating that the compensation hypothesis has wider application than previously shown.
The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Ischemic Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in up to 90% of the human genome through interactions with messenger RNA (mRNA). The expression of miRNAs varies and changes in diseased and healthy states, including all stages of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). These changes in expression make miRNAs an attractive potential therapeutic target. Herein, we review the differences in miRNA expression prior to ischemia (including remote ischemic conditioning and ischemic pre-conditioning), the changes during ischemia-reperfusion, and the changes in miRNA expression after IRI, with an emphasis on inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Additionally, we review the effects of manipulating the levels of certain miRNAs on changes in infarct size, inflammation, remodeling, angiogenesis, and cardiac function after either ischemia-reperfusion or permanent coronary ligation. Levels of target miRNA can be increased using molecular mimics ("agomirs"), or can be decreased by using "antagomirs" which are antisense molecules that act to bind and thus inactivate the target miRNA sequence. Other non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, also regulate gene expression and have a role in the regulation of IRI pathways. We review the mechanisms and downstream effects of the miRNAs that have been studied as therapy in both permanent coronary ligation and ischemia-reperfusion models.
A Balance Control Strategy for H-Bridge Cascaded Energy Storage Converter Battery Pack

H-bridge cascade structure is a typical way for energy storage equipment to achieve high voltage and large capacity. It is difficult to ensure that each battery operates in accordance with the same charge-discharge curve because of the difference of the parameters of each battery. It is very easy to cause overcharge and over discharge of single battery and reduce the life and performance of energy storage equipment. Aiming at the above problems, a balancing control strategy of cascaded H-bridge energy storage converter is proposed. Firstly, the working principle and internal energy transfer mode of cascaded H-bridge energy storage converter are explained. Secondly, the working state of each battery pack and the sub-module electricity are calculated by the current charge state and average charge-discharge curve of each battery pack. Capacitance voltage command value is combined with sorting algorithm and nearest level approximation method to realize the sub-module capacitance voltage stability and make N−1 battery pack work according to the average electric curve (N is the number of H-bridge modules). Finally, in the MATLAB/Simulation software, a small simulation model is built to verify the feasibility of the control algorithm and provide a reference for large-capacity multi-module storage.
Microtitration of Sulfate with Beryllon II as indicator: Determination of sulfate in environmental samples

A new indicator, 2-(8-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-1-naphthylazo)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (Beryllon II, DSNADNS) is proposed for microtitrimetric determination of sulfate with barium. This method is an order of magnitude more sensitive (LOD 0.25 ppm) and has less interference than the existing indicators. The color change is sharper and faster compared to Thorin. Titration is carried out in 80% 2-propanol at an apparent pH of 3.5. The superiority of the indicator is attributed to the lower solubility of the bariumdye salt. Results are presented for environmental samples and compared with values obtained by ion chromatography.
Beyond the Nuclear Family: Children’s Social Networks and Depressive Symptomology

This study identified social network profiles among children, determined whether profiles vary across sociodemographic characteristics, and investigated links between childhood profiles and depressive symptomology using three waves of data spanning 23 years (Wave 1, 1992 Metro-Detroit representative sample: n = 193, ages 8?12). Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles: Close Family (22%), Varied Family (57%), Friend and Family (21%). White children were more likely than Black children to be in the Friend and Family profile. Children in the Close Family profile reported the lowest levels of depressive symptomology in childhood, but exhibited the steepest increase over time. Findings suggest that close, family centric networks are protective in childhood, but less so as children develop into adulthood, highlighting the importance of considering developmental perspectives.
Variables of which values are a function.

The ordinary-language concept of values has a complex history in psychology and in science generally. The traditional fact—value distinction commonly found in traditional scientific perspectives has been challenged by the varieties of philosophical pragmatism, which have similarities to Skinner’s radical behaviorism. Skinner’s challenge to the fact—value distinction maintained that the phenomena of both “facts” and “values” are a matter of contingencies of environment—behavior interaction, and both phenomena may be observed when a scientist does research or makes recommendations in applied settings based on that research. Some of the processes and variables relevant to an analysis of values as behavioral phenomena are described, and examples of both nonverbal and verbal contingencies are considered, along with implications for the values of an individual and a culture. If the various issues of methodology can be addressed successfully, then behavior analysis will be in the position to move beyond descriptive studies of values, such as those found in humanistic psychology, by providing analyses of the variables of which values are a function.
The composition of decomposition: unpacking reading in teacher education

As teacher education aims to prepare thoughtfully adaptive teachers, programs have begun to examine a practice-focused approach. One movement focuses on the pedagogy of teacher education, including...
Adamantinoma-like Ewing Sarcoma of the thyroid gland: Cytomorphologic, phenotypic and molecular features.

Adamantinoma-like Ewing Sarcoma (ALES) is a rare subtype of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFTs) which are defined by their EWSR1 gene rearrangements. We present a case of a 15-year old female with a swelling in her anterior neck of 4 months duration which had recently begun to rapidly grow in size. Fine needle aspiration showed a small blue round cell tumor with immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, CD99 and FLI1. Material for molecular testing was available on the resection specimen. Demonstration of t(11;22) (EWS-FLI1) was helpful in establishing the diagnosis.
Interface Density Effects on Cross-Plane Thermal Conductance of Nanolaminate Thin Films

Thermal resistance arises at the interface of two different materials. However, developers of sensors, electronics, and power conversion devices often ignore this effect. The additional thermal resistance imposed due to interface can enhance sensitivity of thermal sensors, and efficiency of thermal energy harvesting devices such as thermoelectrics. This work demonstrates that the effect of interfaces cannot, and should not, be ignored when dealing with many interfaces in a system. We use frequency-domain thermoreflectance to demonstrate that nanolaminate thin films significantly reduce the overall thermal conductance of the film stack. As an example, with 500nm total film thickness, a repeated period of 10nm each of high thermal conductivity aluminum (k bulk,Al = 212 Wm-1K-1) and silicon dioxide (k bulk,SiO2 = 1.4 Wm-1K-1) have measured effective thermal conductivity less than that of silicon dioxide alone (1.20 Wm-1K-1 vs 1.38 Wm-1K-1). While this is substantial, the diffuse mismatch model (which often over-predicts thermal conductance of single interfaces) predicts an even lower value of effective thermal conductivity (0.56 Wm-1K-1), meaning much lower nanolaminate thermal conductivity could be realized with appropriate treatment of the surface where an interface will form.
Engineering Curriculum in Support of Industry 4.0

The paper discusses how multiphysics simulations and applications are being used to build essential skills in preparation for entry into an Industry 4.0 workforce. In a highly networked and collaborative human/machine cyberspace, some important competencies for engineering graduates include the ability to: (1) explore design options and results easily between suites of software, (2) predict and visualize performance of complex problems in the beginning phase of the design process, and (3) identify and optimize key parameters prior to fabrication. We describe how integrated project- and inquiry-based learning in the context of a simulation environment and across the curriculum is improving student readiness and transition into industry. Our paper offers a template of how to transition into a curriculum that produces newly minted engineers better equipped to engage in complex design. Examples of project assignments, assessment methods, and student work are discussed as well as future plans.
Transdiagnostic emotion regulation processes explain how emotion-related factors affect co-occurring PTSD and MDD in relation to trauma.

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) co-occur at high rates and greater disorder severity. Studies examining the contributions of specific emotion regulation (ER) processes and negative affect (NA) to PTSD and MDD co-occurrence are scarce. This study investigated a transdiagnostic understanding of the nature of PTSD and MDD co-occurrence by examining the roles of NA, ER processes, and negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancies in PTSD and MDD in relation to trauma. Methods Structural equation modeling was used to examine the roles of emotionality, PTSD, and MDD constructs in 200 individuals with primary PTSD. Results ER processes fully mediated the relationships between NA and PTSD (β = .40, p Conclusions NA and NMR expectancies exert their effects on PTSD and MDD almost entirely through ER processes. ER appears to be a transdiagnostic process, partly accounting for the co-occurrence between PTSD and MDD. Co-occurrence models could benefit by incorporating ER processes to inform diagnostic classification and criteria and clinical intervention improved by specifically targeting ER processes.
Oscillatory flow around a vertical wall-mounted cylinder: Flow pattern details

The interaction between surface gravity waves and a vertical wall-mounted rigid cylindrical structure such as a pier or vegetation involves various interdependent physical phenomena including the scouring process and the vertical mixing and horizontal dispersion of materials. As a step toward understanding this interaction, detailed flow fields of sinusoidal oscillatory flow passing a vertical wall-mounted cylinder are numerically investigated for three different wave conditions. With a moderately wide range of the Keulegan–Carpenter number from 6 to 20, numerical simulations are systematically performed, and the data are extensively investigated to determine the dynamic characteristics of the oscillatory flow past a wall-mounted cylinder. In this study, three-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the open-source software, OpenFOAM®. Grid-convergence tests are conducted, and the undisturbed oscillating Stokes boundary-layer determined by numerical simulations is validated by a good agreement with the analytical solution. Flow details in the form of profiles, streamlines, and contours of calculated turbulence fields are presented. Coherent structure dynamics is illustrated using iso-surfaces of the Q-criterion. The synthesis of various flow variables presents a mechanistic view of the bed shear and processes responsible for scour near the cylinder-wall junction.
La Directiva “Whistleblowing”: Aspectos clave de su transposición al ordenamiento jurídico español

This paper analyses the key aspects of the imminent transposition into Spanish law of Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law. As a starting point, it provides a contextualisation of the phenomenon of whistleblowing at the global level. Then, the essential content of the Directive is addressed, going deeper into the internal and external whistleblowing channels. Finally, the key aspects of its transposition into Spanish law are addressed. To carry out this last section, the author makes use of the public consultation on the transposition of the Directive proposed by the Ministry of Justice on 7 January 2021, as well as some of the contributions made during this process by stakeholders.
Long-term outcome of absorbable synthetic mesh in clean ventral hernia repairs.

BACKGROUND There are many materials available for the reinforcement of complex abdominal wall reconstruction, including permanent synthetic, biologic, and absorbable synthetic meshes. The recurrence rate of complex hernia repairs beyond 5 years has not been reported. We hypothesized that the use of absorbable synthetic mesh in clean wounds would yield favorable long-term outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Patients who underwent open complex ventral hernia repair with clean wounds (CDC class 1) using absorbable synthetic mesh (Bio-A, Gore, Flagstaff, AZ) in the retrorectus position were retrospectively reviewed. Chart review and a validated telephone questionnaire to screen for recurrence were utilized to evaluate and document hernia recurrence. RESULTS A total of 49 patients were included in this study. Patients were followed for recurrences for up to 105 months, with a mean follow-up time of 62.4 months (5.2 years). The total number of midline hernia recurrence was 7 out of the original 49 patients (14%). The mean and median recurrence time are 37.4 and 38.8 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated hernia recurrence rate as 2%, 4.6%, 7.1%, 12%, 15%, and 18% at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of absorbable synthetic mesh in clean wound ventral hernia repair resulted in favorable long-term recurrence rates. The recurrence rate of absorbable synthetic mesh is similar to that of permanent synthetic mesh, which gives a viable option for patients in whom permanent synthetic mesh is not an option.
Space Shuttle solid rocket motor testing for return to flight - Transient Pressure Test Article test program

The Transient Pressure Test Article (TPTA) test program, which is being conducted at a new facility at NASA-Marshall, is described. The facility is designed to test and verify the sealing capability of the redesigned solid rocket motor's (RSRM) field, igniter, and nozzle joints. The test article consists of full-scale RSRM hardware loaded with inert propellant and assembled in a short stack configuration. The test facility is described as well as test implementation, test effectiveness, and test results.