cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Israeli Kibbutzim

The kibbutz is a form of intentional community whose roots date back to the years shortly before World War I, when Dagania A, the first cooperative Jewish settlement in Palestine, was established. In subsequent decades, through the period of British authority over the region, the number of kibbutzim grew. By 1948, the year of Israeli statehood, the kibbutz represented the normal living arrangement of over 50,000 people. Following national independence, kibbutz membership continued to increase at a reduced rate until the mid-1950s, when it stabilized at a population of some 80,000 distributed among approximately 230 settlements.1
Contextualizing the “Socially Responsible” Corporation and the Cultural Legitimation of Harm

Corporate harms and their legitimation are situated within a complex cultural, structural, and historical landscape. This chapter is an effort to illuminate that landscape. The unifying argument of this chapter is that Tyson’s harm/socially responsible discourse reflects general attitudes about harm to nonhumans and corporate power, as well as weak corporate regulation. In addition, Tyson’s harm/discourse cannot be understood without also understanding the history of corporate public relations or “spin,” and its contemporary conduit par excellence, the corporate web page, and the particularly modern “need” for companies to project social responsibility.
Examining the factor structure of narrative meaning-making for stressful events and relations with psychological distress.

This study examined the underlying factor structure of 15 narrative meaning-making indices for narratives of stressful events, and explored the incremental validity of the narrative factor solution...
IL-17C: A Unique Epithelial Cytokine with Potential for Targeting across the Spectrum of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis.

Both atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are characterized by complex inflammatory circuits that may be regulated through "feed-forward" mechanisms in the epidermis that amplify cellular immune responses through production of keratinocyte-derived cytokines and inflammatory mediators. IL-17C is a unique cytokine that is produced by keratinocytes and that is involved in such synergistic loops that may be responsible for amplifying the inflammation in both diseases. This may ultimately lead to induction of S100As and other molecules that accompany epidermal hyperplasia. Thus, antagonism of IL-17C may be beneficial in both psoriasis and AD patients. The IL-17C neutralizing antibody MOR 106 was able to inhibit both T helper type 2 cells and T helper type 17/T helper type 22-skewed inflammatory loops that drive different features of AD and psoriasis. The therapeutic potential of IL-17C antagonism in AD is supported by a recently reported small phase 1 clinical trial in patients with AD.
Intermittent Stressors: New York City Subway Fire – December 28, 1990

Morning commuters on subway train No. 3 bound for Manhattan found themselves stuck in a smoke-filled tunnel for 40 min during the height of rush hour on Friday, December 28, 1990. Smoke from a fire – which broke out 125 ft south of Clark Street station – drifted toward four other trains to engulf their passengers and crew [1–4]. By the time the train was evacuated, two people were dead, at least 180 passengers had been injured, and another 1,000 had been affected [1, 2, 4–6].
Introduction: Multiple Dirichlet Series

This introductory article aims to provide a roadmap to many of the interrelated papers in this volume and to a portion of the field of multiple Dirichlet series, particularly emerging new ideas. It is both a survey of the recent literature, and an introduction to the combinatorial aspects of Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series, a class of multiple Dirichlet series that are not Euler products, but which may nevertheless be reconstructed from their p-parts. These p-parts are combinatorially interesting, and may often be identified with p-adic Whittaker functions.
Professional Development Framework for Secondary Mathematics Teachers

Teacher professional development for mathematics teachers is critical to improving teacher quality and student achievement. This study clarifies nine core features for effective professional development programs in mathematics education, based on previous research. These features are: (1) content focus, (2) active learning, (3) fostering coherence, (4) duration, (5) collective participants, (6) teacher outcomes, (7) research-based models, (8) data driven by students, and (9) changes in teachersâ€™ beliefs and attitudes. In addition, this study provides a module of professional development programs involving all of the nine core features for mathematics teachers. The evidence concerning the effectiveness of the program is discussed. This study provides guidelines to create effective teacher professional development programs. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.17.10.9
NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity contributes to tumor control by a cytostatic drug combination

Molecularly targeted therapies aim to obstruct cell autonomous programs required for tumor growth. We show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors act in combination to suppress the proliferation of KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells while simultaneously provoking a natural killer (NK) cell surveillance program leading to tumor cell death. The drug combination, but neither agent alone, promotes retinoblastoma (RB) protein-mediated cellular senescence and activation of the immunomodulatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP components tumor necrosis factor–α and intercellular adhesion molecule–1 are required for NK cell surveillance of drug-treated tumor cells, which contributes to tumor regressions and prolonged survival in a KRAS-mutant lung cancer mouse model. Therefore, molecularly targeted agents capable of inducing senescence can produce tumor control through non–cell autonomous mechanisms involving NK cell surveillance.
Self-healing, re-adhering, and carbon-steel corrosion mitigating properties of fly ash-containing calcium aluminum phosphate cement composite at 300 °C hydrothermal temperature

Abstract This study assesses the ability of calcium aluminate phosphate (CAP)/fly ash F (FAF) blend composite to self-heal at early age; to re-adhere to the casing surfaces after debonding and to protect carbon steel (CS) against brine-caused corrosion before and after the re-adherence. The composite was damaged after autoclaving for 24 h at 300 °C and then exposed to the same conditions for 5 more days for the self-healing and re-adhering processes. The ability of the blend to self-heal and re-adhere to CS was evaluated 1) by measurements of the recovery of compressive and bond strengths and Young's modulus; 2) by performing the 3-dimensional micro-image analysis of sealed cracks; 3) by phase identification in composite matrix and in the cracks after the healing; 4) by measurements of CS corrosion impediment by the re-adhered composite after 300°C-5-day restoration period. After the healing, the two factors, sealing effect of cracks by reaction products and change in phase composition of cement matrix, essentially governed the recovery of the original mechanical strength. For the former, analcime phase derived from pozzolanic FAF autogenous healing aid played the major role in sealing the cracks, while the well-formed hydroxyapatite phase contributed to the latter factor. The lap-shear bond with the strength of 1.11 MPa at CS plate/composite adhesive/CS plate joint failed cohesively, showing higher bond strength than strength of the composite matrix. The rebonded composite-CS plates developed a 0.37 MPa bond strength after the 5-day restoration period. The results of electrochemical polarization corrosion tests revealed that the re-adhered composite covering CS plate significantly inhibited the brine-caused corrosion of CS, leading to 0.011 mm/year corrosion rate, corresponding to 50% reduction compared with that of before re-adhering. There were two factors governing such corrosion mitigation: enhanced adhesive contact of composite with CS and increased coverage by the re-adhering composite.
Is recent decline in breast cancer incidence equal across different US racial groups

3839 Abstract 3839 has been selected for inclusion in the AACR’s Annual Meeting press program and is therefore embargoed until date and time of press briefing or scientific presentation, whichever comes first. The abstract is scheduled for scientific presentation and will be posted to this site at or after the following date and time: 4/15/2008 8:00 AM.
Similar effects of high-fructose and high-glucose feeding in a Drosophila model of obesity and diabetes.

As in mammals, high-sucrose diets lead to obesity and insulin resistance in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (called Drosophila hereafter). To explore the relative contributions of glucose and fructose, sucrose’s component monosaccharides, we compared their effects on larval physiology. Both sugars exhibited similar effects to sucrose, leading to obesity and hyperglycemia. There were no striking differences resulting from larvae fed high glucose versus high fructose. Some small but statistically significant differences in weight and gene expression were observed that suggest Drosophila is a promising model system for understanding monosaccharide-specific effects on metabolic homeostasis.
Complications of Frontal Sinus Surgery

Surgery of the frontal sinus continues to be the most technically challenging of all of the paranasal sinuses. Safe surgery of the frontal sinus requires thorough preoperative planning, understanding of patient-specific anatomy, and meticulous surgical technique. Various complications can occur, including scarring and stenosis, mucocele formation, hemorrhage, orbital injury, and intracranial injury. Although serious complications are rare, patients must be made aware of these risks, and surgeons must be prepared to recognize and address any complications in an expeditious manner.
Construction and application of joinpoint regression model for series cumulative data

Based on the principle of Joinpoint regression (JPR) model and the additivity of Poisson distribution, this paper constructed a JPR model for series cumulative data. The notifiable incidence number of dengue fever cases per week and weekly cumulative data in Guangdong province from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed, using (mean squared errors) MSE and (mean absolute percentage error) MAPE to evaluate different models. Except for 2015, the MSE and MAPE produced from the logarithmic linear JPR model based on weekly cumulative incidence number were smaller than those based on the weekly data. The fitting accuracy of JPR model for series cumulative data for trend analysis had been improved significantly. This model could be applied to the analysis of the trend change and the prediction of staged cumulative incidence.
GEMINI: An open-label, single-arm, phase II trial of intraoperative gemcitabine intravesical instillation in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

TPS594Background: The standard treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff resection. Subsequent intravesical recurrence is common an...
Functional Characterization of Cj1427, a Unique Ping-Pong Dehydrogenase Responsible for the Oxidation of GDP-d-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose in Campylobacter jejuni.

The capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni contain multiple heptose residues with variable stereochemical arrangements at C3, C4, C5, and C6. The immediate precursor to all of these...
Evaluating sensitivity and specificity of handheld point-of-care ultrasound testing for gynecologic pathology: a pilot study for use in low resource settings

Point-of-care ultrasound (POC-US) is a diagnostic test conducted at the site of patient care with direct interpretation by the clinician, providing immediate results. POC-US for gynecologic application is not well characterized by current literature yet has the potential to increase access in limited resource settings. We compared the diagnostics of three POC-US devices for gynecologic (GYN) pathology and then performed evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of a single best POC-US device for intended use in a low resource setting. This is prospective, pilot descriptive study of 60 subjects. In part 1, comparison of three POC-US devices was performed. Twenty subjects underwent POC-US with three test units [GE Vscan (Vscan), Sonosite Iviz (Iviz), Philips Lumify (Lumify)] followed by diagnostic ultrasound (Dx-US) for reference imaging. Image quality and correlation for devices was scored by blinded reviewers and quantitative measurements of GYN pathology were compared. In part 2, forty subjects underwent POC-US validation with the highest scoring device (Lumify) and Dx-US for reference imaging. Concordance of POC-US operator-interpreted diagnosis with reference imaging interpretation were assessed by Cohen’s unweighted kappa coefficient. Accuracy and agreement of POC-US were assessed by linear regression and Bland–Altman plot analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of POC-US for gynecologic pathologies were calculated. In aggregate qualitative measurements, Lumify and Iviz units performed superiorly to Vscan. There was no statistically significant difference in quantitative measurements between devices, but a trend towards lower mean error was seen for Lumify and Iviz as compared to Vscan. Lumify device had highest overall scoring and was selected for further testing. In validation comparison of Lumify to Dx-US, no statistically significant differences were found for measurements of endometrium, uterus, ovaries, adnexal pathology, or leiomyomata, (P 0.7). Sensitivity and specificity of detecting pathology was 80–100% with PPV and NPV 76–100%. Among three POC-US devices, Lumify and Iviz devices show highest potential for successful application to clinical gynecologic ultrasound. Clinician-performed POC-US has high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for basic GYN anatomy and pathology. POC-US is an acceptable and feasible diagnostic tool with potential for future application in a low resource setting to increase access to ultrasound.
High-quality genome and methylomes illustrate features underlying evolutionary success of oaks

Abstract The genus Quercus, which emerged ~55 million years ago during globally warm temperatures, diversified into ~450 species. We present a high-quality de novo genome assembly of a California endemic oak, Quercus lobata, revealing features consistent with oak evolutionary success. Effective population size remained large throughout history despite declining since the early Miocene. Analysis of 39,373 mapped protein-coding genes outlined copious duplications consistent with genetic and phenotypic diversity, both by retention of genes created during the ancient γ whole genome hexaploid duplication event and by tandem duplication within families, including the numerous resistance genes and also unexpected candidate genes for an incompatibility system involving multiple non-self-recognition genes. An additional surprising finding is that subcontext-specific patterns of DNA methylation associated with transposable elements reveal broadly-distributed heterochromatin in intergenic regions, similar to grasses (another highly successful taxon). Collectively, these features promote genetic and phenotypic variation that would facilitate adaptability to changing environments.
Laser Bathymetry for Coastal Protection in Schleswig-Holstein

For the need arising from EU, federal and state law for large-scale, area-wide and high-resolution morphological data of the seabed and the adjacent coasts, the Schleswig-Holstein State Agency for Coastal Protection, National Park and Marine Conservation (LKN.SH) uses the method of laser bathymetry, which replaces ship-based hydrographic surveys in shallow water areas of the Wadden Sea and the coastal areas of the North Sea and Baltic Sea.
Referral patterns for undescended testis: A 7 year comparative analysis of primary care providers.

Summary Introduction Cryptorchidism, or undescended testis (UDT), is identified in 1% of boys by one year of age and carries long term risks of infertility and testicular neoplasia. In 2014, the American Urological Association (AUA) released a guideline statement stating that patients with UDT should be referred to a urologist by 6 months of age in order to facilitate timely surgical correction. This study is the follow-up to a 2010 study assessing referral patterns to our university center from primary care providers. Objective In this new study, we aim to identify changes in referral patterns in response to the establishment of the 2014 AUA guidelines and to understand how our referring physicians stay abreast of current knowledge regarding UDT. Study design A 9 question anonymous survey regarding UDT referral patterns was sent to providers who had previously referred a patient to our pediatric urology practice. The results were categorized by specialty and were compared to the similar survey from 2010. Results Surveys were sent to 500 physicians with 138 (27.6%) responses received. Less than half of respondents reported that they would refer a boy with unilateral or bilateral palpable UDT by 6 months of age (37.0% and 38.4% respectively). This was not significantly different than the 2010 survey (p = 0.68 and 0.27 respectively). Two-thirds of physicians would refer a patient with unilateral nonpalpable UDT within the recommended time frame (68.8%); this was also unchanged from 2010 (p = 0.87). There was an improvement in respondents who would refer immediately for bilateral nonpalpable testes from 49.8% in 2010 to 53.6% in 2017 (p = 0.01). Residency training was most commonly cited as the primary source of knowledge regarding UDT although 89.3% of respondents citing this were >5 years removed from residency training. Discussion Delayed referral patterns were reported by the majority of providers for palpable UDT and by greater than one-third of providers for nonpalpable UDT. There was minimal change in referral patterns between 2010 and 2017 despite the release of the AUA cryptorchidism guidelines in 2014. In both 2010 and 2017, residency training was identified as the primary source of knowledge regarding management of UDT. Conclusion These findings suggest an unmet need for education regarding contemporary management of UDT for the primary care physicians in our community.
A nematode, fungus, and aphid interact via a shared host plant: implications for soybean management

Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), is an introduced crop to America and initially benefited from a small number of pests threatening its production. Since its rapid expansion in production beginning in the 1930s, several pests have been introduced from the native range of soybean. Our knowledge of how these pests interact and the implications for management is limited. We examined how three common economic soybean pests, the nematode Heterodera glycines Ichinohe (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), the fungus Cadophora gregata Harrington & McNew (Incertae sedis), and the aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), interact on soybean cyst nematode-susceptible (SCN-S) and soybean cyst nematode-resistant cultivars carrying the PI 88788 resistance source (SCN-R). From 2008 to 2010, six soybean cultivars were infested with either a single pest or all three pests in combination in a micro-plot field experiment. Pest performance was measured in a ‘single pest’ treatment and compared with pest performance in the ‘multiple pest’ treatment, allowing us to measure the impact of SCN resistance and the presence of other soybean pests on each pest’s performance. Performance of H. glycines (80% reduction in reproduction) and A. glycines (19.8% reduction in plant exposure) was reduced on SCN-R cultivars. Regardless of cultivar, the presence of multiple pests significantly decreased the performance of A. glycines, but significantly increased H. glycines performance. The presence of multiple pests decreased the performance of C. gregata on SCN-S soybean cultivars (20.6% reduction in disease rating).
Planning Construction of Repetitive Building Units

The construction of repetitive building units may be described as the continuous manufacture of many units which each require considerable time for completion. A line of balance (LOB) can be produced to show the required status of every activity for every unit for any time from start to finish of a project. This technique describes the application to construction of LOB in its present form, which fits a desired unit completion schedule. Another form is then proposed to describe the required activity status to meet a desired project completion date where the activities have different maximum rates of production. The LOB complements bar charts and CPM and the differing data which each requires and furnishes is described. An example is given for each of the two forms of LOB to illustrate the calculation methods and demonstrate their use.
Yeast DNA 3'-repair diesterase is the major cellular apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease: substrate specificity and kinetics.

Abstract DNA strand breaks with damaged 3' termini are potentially toxic lesions caused by free radicals. The purified yeast diesterase that removes small nucleotide fragments from such 3' termini in oxidized DNA has been further characterized with respect to its substrate specificity. In addition to the 3'-phosphoglycolaldehyde esters used to monitor the activity during purification, the enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed a variety of other 3'-esters in DNA. These included 3'-phosphates, 3'-(2,3-didehydro-2,3-dideoxyribose phosphates), and the 3'-blocking damages formed in vivo in Escherichia coli by H2O2 or in vitro by DNA treatment with bleomycin. This same transition metal-dependent enzyme also constitutes the major yeast endonuclease for apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA, hydrolyzing these damages to yield normal 3'-hydroxyl nucleotides and 5'-phosphoryl base-free sugar termini (a Type II apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease). Yeast 3'-phosphoglycolaldehyde diesterase therefore appears to be involved in two distinct pathways of DNA repair: initiation of the repair of oxidative strand breaks in DNA and the restoration of sites of base loss caused by many types of DNA-damaging agents.
General Properties of the Paramyxoviruses

1 Classification 2 Morphology and General Properties 3 Genome Structure and Organization 4 Replication 5 Polypeptides 6 Acknowledgments Keywords: general properties of paramyxoviruses; matrix protein; fusion protein; attachment protein; large (polymerase) protein; NS1 and NS2 proteins; small hydrophobic proteins; M2-1 and M2-2 proteins
Responsibilization, same-sex marriage, and the end of queer sex

Over the last decade, a paradox has emerged in U.S. law and society: the growing legalization and cultural acceptance of same-sex marriage, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, increasing legal restrictions and ongoing cultural ambivalence over abortion. This essay argues that the delinking of equal rights for LBG persons from reproductive freedom for women is no paradox at all, but is in fact predictable within the terms of highly moralized neoliberal conceptions of personal responsibility and sexual discipline.
The ABCDs of Service-Learning: Who Is Serving Whom?.

The concept of and approach to service-learning across higher education has changed dramatically over the last two and a half decades. Historically, one of the primary goals of service-learning was to prepare undergraduate students to become engaged citizens and to introduce them to the challenges experienced by individuals from marginalized or disenfranchised communities (Dunlap, 1998; Shadduck-Hernandez, 2005). Now, 25 years after the implementation of the National and Community Service Act of 1990, many universities are shifting this focus to include meeting community needs, accomplishing graduate and undergraduate student learning outcomes, and establishing reciprocity of respect.
Mixed halo/hydroxy-carborane anions: thermally stable platforms for hydronium ion isolation.

Hydroxylation of the robust, weakly coordinating hexahalo- carborane anion system, CB11H6Br6−1, produces a new class of anion with mixed halo/hydroxyl substituents, HCB11(OH)5Br6−1 which can be used to isolate a number of hydronium cation salts including an ‘ice tautomer’ composed of hydronium cation, anion hydroxyl groups and coordinated water molecules.
Novel approach to the application of botulinum toxin to the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in acquired brain injury.

Primary objective: To determine if the finger flexor mapping technique is useful in the reduction of spasticity when injecting neurotoxin within the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.Research design: Case series of consecutive persons with acquired brain injury with upper limb spasticity.Methods and procedures: The flexor digitorum superficialis mapping technique was used to determine the optimal location for botulinum toxin A insertion into each belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) ratings were recorded pre- and post-flexor digitorum superficialis injection from 17 patients (18 limbs) with upper limb spasticity.Main outcomes and results: The pre-injection mean MAS score was 3.0 ± 0.7 and the post-injection mean MAS score was 1.5 ± 0.9 for this cohort. Using the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test, the mean MAS finger flexor scores decreased significantly ( p < 0.05). No adverse events were noted with the procedure.Conclusions: This novel technique appears to ...
Autoimmunity's collateral damage: Immunodeficiency hints at autoreactivity to cytokines

Autoimmunity develops when one's own immune cells and pathogenic antibodies react against the body, causing inflammation, degeneration, tissue destruction and even organ failure. But autoimmunity mediators can also evoke other pathological side effects, and individual factors can worsen the morbidity of the people suffering from autoimmune disorders, adding another level of complexity to these diseases. In 'Bedside to Bench', Mark Anderson and Michael Waterfield peruse a potential link between immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Autoantibodies against cytokines involved in tackling Candida albicans infection may underlie the trait of increased susceptibility to yeast observed in people with such autoantibodies. In 'Bench to Bedside', Daniel Cua and Jonathan Sherlock discuss how the immune response induced by gut microbiota may be responsible for autoimmune attacks at distant sites, such as the joints.
Do Nonplanar Porphyrins Have Red-Shifted Electronic Spectra? A DFT/SCI Study and Reinvestigation of a Recent Proposal

It is commonly believed that nonplanar distortions of the porphyrin skeleton bring about significant red shifts in the electronic absorption spectra. However, based on absorption spectroscopy and semiempirical AM1 studies of meso-tetrakis(perfluoroalkyl)porphyrins, DiMagno and co-workers have challenged this notion. Here we present density functional theory based configuration interaction singles calculations which uphold the traditional view. Both ruffling and saddling deformations do bring about significant red shifts in the electronic spectra. Nonplanarity-induced destabilization of the porphyrin HOMOs appears to be the principal cause of these red shifts.
Somatic rearrangement of the TP63 gene preceding development of mycosis fungoides with aggressive clinical course.

Somatic rearrangement of the TP63 gene preceding development of mycosis fungoides with aggressive clinical course
High performance liquid chromatography analysis of phytate (IP6) in selected foods

Populations whose dietary staples consist primarily of foods of plant seeds origin, such as beans, maize, whole grains or flat breads have the greatest probability of suffering from zinc deficiency. Eighty-two commonly consumed foods were chosen for phytate analysis. Thirty-three of those contained phytate above the level of detection (8 ng/g). They were assigned zinc values and phytate:zinc molar ratios were calculated. Using this method, 49 foods were found to be below the level of phytate detection. Most of the snack foods are found in this category: candy, cakes, doughnut, cookies, crackers, chips, English muffin, and some cereals also consumed as snacks. However, nuts, except filberts (hazelnuts), macadamia nuts and popcorn are relatively high in phytate. The phytate:zinc molar ratio may be used to evaluate foods and total diets for available zinc. A phytate:zinc molar ratio of 10 or less is necessary to sustain zinc homeostasis.
Separation of negatively charged carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has recently emerged as a highly promising technique consuming an extremely small amount of sample and capable of the rapid, high-resolution separation, characterization, and quantitation of analytes. CE has been used for the separation of biopolymers, including acidic carbohydrates. Since CE is basically an analytical method for ions, acidic carbohydrates that give anions in weakly acid, neutral, or alkaline media are often the direct objects of this method. The scope of this review is limited to the use of CE for the analysis of carbohydrates containing carboxylate, sulfate, and phosphate groups as well as neutral carbohydrates that have been derivatized to incorporate strongly acidic functionality, such as sulfonate groups.
International Evidence on Fiscal Solvency: Is Fiscal Policy Responsible?

This paper looks at fiscal solvency and public debt sustainability in both emerging market and advanced countries. Evidence of fiscal solvency, in the form of a robust positive conditional relationship between public debt and the primary fiscal balance, is established in both groups of countries. Evidence of fiscal solvency is much weaker, however, at high debt levels. These findings suggest that many industrial and emerging market economies, including several where fiscal solvency has been the subject of recent debates, appear to conduct fiscal policy responsibly. Yet our results cannot reject the hypothesis of fiscal insolvency in groups of countries with high debt ratios.
Using hybrid scheduling for the semi-autonomous formation of expert teams

Selecting and scheduling human experts to cooperatively solve a problem can be a highly complex task, given various constraints (such as what expertise is needed and when) and preferences (such as which expertise an expert most prefers to exercise). Computational agents can thus greatly help users form and schedule expert teams. This paper introduces a new formulation of the team formation and scheduling problem as a Hybrid Scheduling Problem (HSP) and compares the performance of an agent using the HSP formulation to a prior agent-based approach. We empirically demonstrate the promise of the HSP formulation and highlight how the application of HSP techniques to this problem has led us to identify important modifications to mechanisms that improve HSP solving. Finally, we summarize how the HSP formulation can support human-agent collaboration during the process of forming and scheduling expert teams.
Differential attrition rates in alcohol abusing and nonabusing schizophrenic inpatients: a methodological note.

This study investigates the impact of the screening process on the decomposition of the final sample of alcohol abusing and nonabusing hospitalized schizophrenics. The group of nonabusing schizophrenics had higher rates of study rejections by staff, refusals, inappropriate subjects, and a lower rate of study completers. The findings suggest that these differential attrition rates may have a significant impact on the interpretation of results of studies focusing on substance use in schizophrenic samples.
A developmental switch to GABAergic inhibition dependent on increases in Kv1-type K+ currents.

Mature nucleus magnocellularis (NM) neurons, the avian homolog of bushy cells of the mammalian anteroventral cochlear nucleus, maintain high [Cl − ] i and depolarize in response to GABA. Depolarizing GABAergic postsynaptic potentials (GPSPs) activate both the synaptic conductance and large outward currents, which, when coupled together, inhibit spikes via shunting and spike threshold accommodation. We studied the maturation of the synaptic and voltage-dependent components of inhibition in embryonic NM neurons using whole-cell and gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp techniques to measure Cl − reversal potential, GABAergic synaptic responses, and voltage-dependent outward currents. We found that GABA enhanced excitability in immature NM neurons, undergoing a switch to inhibitory between embryonic day 14 (E14) and E18. Low-voltage-activated Kv1-type (dendrotoxin-I sensitive) K + currents increased in amplitude between E14 and E18, whereas Cl − reversal potential and synaptic conductances remained relatively stable during this period. GABA was rendered inhibitory because of this increase in low-voltage activated outward currents. GPSPs summed with other inputs to increase spike probability at E14. GPSPs shunted spikes at E18, but blocking Kv1 channels transformed this inhibition to excitation, similar to E14 neurons. Subthreshold depolarizing current steps, designed to activate outward currents similar to depolarizing GPSPs, enhanced excitability at E14 but inhibited spiking in E18 neurons. Blocking Kv1 channels reversed this effect, rendering current steps excitatory. We present the novel finding that the developmental transition of GABAergic processing from increasing neuronal excitability to inhibiting spiking can depend on changes in the expression of voltage-gated channels rather than on a change in Cl − reversal potential.
Paget's disease. Report of a case involving the maxilla.

Abstract Osteitis deformans has been studied for many years, but little is known of its etiology. Recently, a number of new thoughts have been advanced concerning its cause and, in addition, new methods of treatment have been postulated. Although the most striking changes in Paget's disease occur in the long bones and skull, resulting in altered appearance and stature, maxillary and mandibular involvement is not an uncommon finding. In the case reported here the patient presented the classic signs of Paget's disease with oral involvement.
Comparison of immune derangements in patients with different malignancies

Immune function was evaluated in 109 patients with carcinoma of the breast, bladder, head and neck, and lung. Patients with head and neck cancer showed the most profound derangements of immune function; patients with lung cancer showed no detectable abnormalities. Non-irradiated patients with disseminated head and neck cancer had significantly depressed lymphocyte counts (mean 1357/mm3, P less than .05), E-rosette forming cells (mean 770/mm3, P less than .05), and response to phytohemagglutinin (P less than .05) as compared to controls. This immunodeficiency was detected in patients with localized as well as advanced disease. Although significant differences were noted between patients with head and neck cancer and the other tumors, these differences were minimized by radiation therapy. All irradiated patients showed comparable degrees of immune dysfunction. Absolute Fc-receptor cells were depressed in all irradiated patients and in non-irradiated patients with disseminated breast cancer.
Behavior therapy techniques as a fulfillment of community mental health ideology.

Due to value orientations, lack of knowledge, or exposure, the behavioral approach has been avoided by many professionals in the community mental health field. This is unfortunate, because many concepts of behavior analysis are identical to some of the guiding principles of the community mental health movement. Furthermore, the methods derived from a behavioral framework can help implement the community mental health ideology. This paper identifies possible linkages in the areas of treatment, client population, and evaluation.
The Influence of Recovery Duration on High-Intensity Exercise Performance After Oral Creatine Supplementation

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on the ability to reproduce and maintain a high percentage of peak power output during the second of two bouts of ...
Genetic influences on the immune response of rats to streptococcal A carbohydrate

Selective breeding of Sprague-Dawley rats immunized with group A streptococcal vaccine (GASV) revealed genetic influences on the magnitude of the precipitin response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate (SACHO). After four brother-sister inbreedings, a family of low-precipitin responders (LPR) was segregated from a family of high-precipitin responders (HPR). Precipitin analysis of all four generations of rats bred for low-precipitin responses revealed an earlier influence of inbreeding on the secondary as compared to the primary precipitin response. Prolonged immunization and/or variation in the dose of antigen failed to enhance the magnitude of the precipitin response of LPR. Examination of anti-SACHO antisera for cross-specificity revealed A-variant carbohydrate precipitins in only 1%. This system may offer an opportunity to examine the clinical relevance of anti-SACHO antibodies to rheumatic heart disease.
Uptake of α-thioethyl D-glucopyranoside by Saccharomyces cerevisiae II. General characteristics of an active transport system

Abstract The properties of α-thioethyl d -glucopyranoside accumulation in induced cells of Sacchromyces cerevisiae carrying the dominant MG2 gene have been studied. At equilibrium the internal concentration of α-thioethyl- d -glucopyranoside was 10–150 times that of the external media depending upon the external concentration of α-thioethyl- d -glucopyranoside employed. The uptake system was stereospecific, had a pH optimum of 4.6 and displayed a Michaelis-Menten substrate dependence with a Km of 1.8 mM. Accumulated α-thioethyl- d -glucopyranoside could be displaced by maltose, glucose or α-methyl glucoside but not by NaN3, an effective inhibitor of α-thioethyl- d -glucopyranoside uptake. The relationships of the α-thioethyl- d -glucopyranoside pyranoside uptake systems by facilitated diffusion in uninduced cells and by active transport in induced cells are discussed.
Uranium in Diagenesis of Pruett, Duff, and Tascotal Formations, Trans-Pecos, Texas: ABSTRACT

The Pruett, Duff, and Tascotal Formations (Eocene-Oligocene) form a 1-km thick sequence of tuffaceous sediment composed, prior to diagenesis, of rock and mineral fragments and volcanic glass. Ground-water diagenesis dissolved glass and some mineral fragments to produce the following mineral assemblages from top to bottom: (1) hydrated glass, (2) clinoptilolite-opal, (3) clinoptilolite-quartz, and (4) analcime-quartz. Calcite and montmorillonite formed early and are present throughout the section. The presence of minor uranium mineralization in underlying Cretaceous rocks and in channel sandstones and lacustrine deposits in tuffaceous sediments and the presence of uranium concentrations up to 100 ppb in present ground water in tuffaceous sediments confirm that some uranium mobilization has occurred. Average uranium concentration increases down section reflecting either (1) greater primary abundance in older sediment due either to greater abundance of glass or more U-rich End_Page 761------------------------------ glass or (2) minor enrichment in uranium resulting from diagenesis. Whole-rock Th/U ratios average about 2 whereas ratios in glass alone are about 3 to 4, implying that a significant fraction of uranium is contained in relatively Th-poor detrital components such as zircon. Th/U ratios in sediments do not show any correlation with either stratigraphic position or mineralogic zone, implying that no measureable uranium depletion has occurred. Fission-track maps of glassy sediment show that uranium occurs in glass and in high concentrations in zircons and amorphous iron hydroxides. In altered rocks uranium is enriched in amorphous iron hydroxides and is unevenly distributed in moderate concentrations through the groundmass associated with no distinct mineral. Opal, calcite, clinoptilolite, and analcime contain little uranium. This shows that solution of glass, including minor etching during hydration, releases uranium but most is immediately absorbed by hydroxides. Later recrystallization of diagenetic minerals does not mobilize uranium. Diagenesis which affected amorphous iron hydroxide could mobilize uranium. End_of_Article - Last_Page 762------------
Biofilm formation by ica positive and ica negative strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a clinically important opportunistic pathogen that forms biofilm infections on nearly all types of indwelling medical devices. The biofilm forming capability of S. epidermidis has been linked to the presence of the ica operon in the genome, and the amount of biofilm formation measured by the crystal violet (CV) adherence assay. Six S. epidermidis strains were characterized for their ica status using PCR, and their biofilm forming ability over 6 days, using the CV assay and a flow cell system. Ica-negative strains characterized as 'negative for biofilm formation' based on the CV assay were demonstrated to form strongly attached biofilms after 6 days. However, the biofilms were not as extensive as the ica-positive strains. It was concluded that ica is not required for biofilm formation, nor is the 24-h CV assay generalizable for predicting the 6-day biofilm-forming ability for all S. epidermidis strains.
Failure to rescue and pulmonary resection for lung cancer.

Abstract Objective Failure to rescue is defined as death after an acute inpatient event and has been observed among hospitals that perform general, vascular, and cardiac surgery. This study aims to evaluate variation in complication and failure to rescue rates among hospitals that perform pulmonary resection for lung cancer. Methods By using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database, a retrospective, multicenter cohort study was performed of adult patients with lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection. Hospitals participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database were ranked by their risk-adjusted, standardized mortality ratio (using random effects logistic regression) and grouped into quintiles. Complication and failure to rescue rates were evaluated across 5 groups (very low, low, medium, high, and very high mortality hospitals). Results Between 2009 and 2012, there were 30,000 patients cared for at 208 institutions participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database (median age, 68 years; 53% were women, 87% were white, 71% underwent lobectomy, 65% had stage I). Mortality rates varied over 4-fold across hospitals (3.2% vs 0.7%). Complication rates occurred more frequently at hospitals with higher mortality (42% vs 34%, P P Conclusions Variation in hospital mortality seems to be more strongly related to rescuing patients from complications than to the occurrence of complications. This observation is significant because it redirects quality improvement and health policy initiatives to more closely examine and support system-level changes in care delivery that facilitate early detection and treatment of complications.
A COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF PANELS SELECTED USING ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS

. A comparison of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis as statistical methods for selecting members of a descriptive panel was conducted. Using 150–mm unstructured line scales, 10 panelists evaluated the performance in coffee of 2 whiteners on 14 sensory attributes. Factor analysis showed that 5 factors were adequate to model the data. The sensory ballot used had a reliability coefficient omega (Ω) equal to 0.93. One-way ANOVA and cluster analysis resulted in 2 different panels consisting of 9 judges each. Means and standard deviations of the scores showed that greater variability among panelists’ ratings resulted when the panel was selected using one-way ANOVA than when cluster analysis was used.
English law and striking workmen the molestation of workmen act, 1859∗

(1981). English law and striking workmen the molestation of workmen act, 1859. The Journal of Legal History: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 238-257.
Semi-monthly reproductive cycles in male and female fiddler crabs, Uca pugnax

Abstract In the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax , numbers of displaying males, numbers of burrows with half-dome superstructures (hoods), numbers of females with decalcified vulvar opercula, and numbers of females hatching their eggs, all follow a semi-monthly cycle with peaks near the time of the spring tides. These are all aspects of reproduction in Uca . Decalcification of female opercula, although necessary for mating and egg deposition, is neither necessary nor sufficient for behavioural response to courting males. In fact, behavioural responsiveness to males probably precedes decalcification in most cases. The different aspects of the reproductive cycle are coordinated so that females and males are ready to mate at about the same time near one spring tide, and the resulting eggs will be ready to hatch on the next spring tide. Two decalcified females which were kept isolated from males produced fertile clutches, suggesting that stored sperm from a previous mating may fertilize eggs in a later cycle. This may be one reason for the relative rarity of observed matings or precopulatory behaviour in Uca .
Acute Rejection in the Long-Term Cardiac Transplant Survivor Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment and Significance

Thirty-two of 59 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center since January, 1968, have survived longer than three months. In 19 of these long-term survivors 47 episodes of late acute rejection occurred. In the first two months post-transplantation the incidence of acute rejection is one episode per 20.5 patient days, but between four and 12 months post-transplantation decreases to one episode per 200 patient days. Late acute rejection episodes are usually clinically mild and can be detected by electrocardiographic changes, evidence of mild graft dysfunction and characteristic histologic changes in tissue obtained by transvenous endomyocardial biopsy. Out-patient treatment with increased oral prednisone has successfully reversed 70% of these late acute rejection episodes, with the other 30% requiring more aggressive therapy. Late acute rejection or complications related to its treatment have contributed to the death of three long-term survivors and has been implicated as a causative factor in the development of graft coronary atherosclerosis in six patients in the earlier part of our series. However, the occurrence of acute rejection in the long-term cardiac transplant patient does not preclude good graft function and patient survival in the majority of patients.
Low-loss all-optical quantum switching

We present a two-input, two-output, single-photon switch prototype that is capable of achieving insertion loss 5 GHz.