cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Porter Is Not Enough: Economic Foundations of Sustainable Strategic Management

Currently the field of strategic management is in the middle of a paradigmatic shift similar to the one that took place over 40 years ago when the internal, conceptual model of business policy and planning was questioned and then changed to the externally, focused paradigm of strategic management. The Porterian models of industry structure and value creation have provided the cornerstones for the development of the field of strategic management. By taking a coevolutionary perspective, we argue that the field is now moving to the next coevolutionary stage in its development, to sustainable strategic management (SSM), an open-systems view of the processes of strategic management. SSM is culminative in nature, encompassing both the business policy/planning and strategic management paradigms. It, however, expands the strategic management paradigm to the realistic view of the organization and its strategic management processes as a subsystem of not only the economy, but also the larger society and ecosystem. SSM provides a theoretical framework to incorporate critical global issues such as climate change and income inequality. Although Porter and Kramer’s creating shared value (CSV) concept is a step toward SSM, it is still based on the unrealistic, neo-classical economic assumption of the economy as a closed system. The open-system view of the firm, based on the assumptions of ecological economics, provides strategic managers with conceptual models that better depict the reality of the practice of management. Current models used in most textbooks today demonstrate the fallacy of misplaced concreteness, mistaking abstract models for accurate descriptions of reality.
HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORM STATIONS IN DESIGN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR COVER THE SPECIFIC AREA

This paper explains how to design a wireless communication system via high altitude platform stations HAPS to cover the specific area (Using Diwaniyah city area as a model). High altitude platform station HAPS is unmanned airplane provides the wireless communication service to the wider area. It is designed to work at high altitude between (17-22 Km) and coverage area 400 Km. This study illustrated for calculating the co-channel interference between HAPS ground station with a terrestrial station and satellite station. Free space losses for a HAPS ground station has been applied to meet the geographic of Diwaniyah city. In addition, explaining the relationship between elevation angles with the radius of the coverage area. Interference mitigation techniques have been given, such as improving the antenna radiation pattern, then it proposed the elevation angle for the HAPS's ground stations to reduce an interference between HAPS network with Fixed Service (FS) and fixed satellite service (FSS). Finally, this study explains the relationship between elevation angles with the radius of the coverage area. For more reliability, the Scenario for covers the city of Diwaniya. Two ground stations have been proposed to connect with high-altitude platform station.
Patient and parent perceptions of an elective inpatient non-invasive ventilation setup bed

Introduction: Our hospital has recently launched a dedicated inpatient setup bed (ISUB) with staff available to train and support out of our hours in order to admit children for management of their non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The patients are admitted for up to 1 week enabling intensive support and ability to adjust management swiftly in response to observations. Aims: 1. To identify patient and parents perceptions of ISUB 2. To identify any trends in patients utilising the ISUB. Methods: We conducted a prospective patient/parent survey as part of a service evaluation, gathering feedback on patient experiences of using ISUB to commence or adjust NIV. Patients were given the survey following their inpatient stay. Results of progress at discharge and 3 months were recorded, along with any comments from families. Results: The survey was given to 10 patients, with 4 responses. 2 of these patients (50%) were previously established and required monitoring during titration. 4 patients (100%) left fully established (over 4 hours use) on nocturnal NIV. 3 patients (75%) found the overall experience either good or extremely good (Figure 1). Conclusions: This preliminary data supports the use of a dedicated NIV setup bed for selected patients in order to establish optimal NIV. We were unable to identify any trends in usage/success due to the small numbers, however we hope to gather further data allowing this analysis in the future.
Econometric Reviews Honors Peter Charles Bonest Phillips, the Master Econometrician

This collection of two issues of Econometric Reviews is the Reviews’ modest way to participate in honoring the pathbreaking contributions and leadership of Peter C. B. Phillips in the sciences, gen...
Modified Method for Extraction of Photosynthetic Plant Pigments for Microcolumn Chromatography

Column chromatography of photosynthetic plant pigments is a common experiment in introductory laboratory courses for science majors and nonscience majors alike. We report a simple, rapid, reproducible, and small-scale solid–liquid extraction of photosynthetic pigments from inexpensive, store-bought dried herbs that affords a dark-green extract solution, all of which can be applied directly to a pipet microcolumn made from as little as 0.75 g of silica gel. Carotenes and chlorophylls are cleanly separated using standard steps in microcolumn chromatography: the former elute together within 20 min using gravity and 9:1 (v/v) heptane:EtOAc, and the latter elute together within seconds using air pressure and EtOAc.
SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and limited inflammatory cytokines are present in the stool of select patients with acute COVID-19

Background and aims: Immune dysregulation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought to play a pathogenic role in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 can infect a variety of host cells, including intestinal epithelial cells. We sought to characterize the role of the gastrointestinal immune system in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response associated with COVID-19. Methods: We measured cytokines, inflammatory markers, viral RNA, microbiome composition and antibody responses in stool and serum samples from a prospectively enrolled cohort of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Results: SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool of 41% of patients and was found more frequently in patients with diarrhea than those without (16[44%] vs 5[19%], p=0.06). Patients who survived had lower median viral genome copies than those who did not (p=0.021). Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients had higher median fecal levels of IL-8 (166.5 vs 286.5 pg/mg; p=0.05) and lower levels of fecal IL-10 (678 vs 194 pg/mg; p<0.001) compared to uninfected controls. Stool IL-23 was higher in patients with more severe COVID-19 disease (223.8 vs 86.6 pg/mg; p=0.03) and we find evidence of intestinal virus-specific IgA responses, which was associated with more severe disease. Fecal cytokines and calprotectin levels were not correlated with gastrointestinal symptoms or with the level of virus detected. Conclusions: Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detectable in the stools of COVID-19 patients and select individuals had evidence for a specific mucosal IgA response, intestinal inflammation was limited, even in patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms.
A Dynamic Approach for Managing Heterogeneous Wireless Networks in Smart Environments

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensors connected through a wireless infrastructure and is primarily used to collect data in a given environment. In their early phase of existence, WNSs were mostly homogeneous devices with low computational capabilities assigned simple tasks like gathering information about temperature or humidity in large fields or remote locations. Recently, WSNs have been evolving rapidly and have transformed into employing clever devices capable of performing complex tasks in smart environments. Future WSNs are likely to consist of heterogeneous sensors embedded in many objects performing various types of tasks that are far more advanced than simple data collection. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a typical example of evolved WSNs, in which WSNs include sensors embedded in a variety of ‘things’ in a variety of environments such as homes, factories, vehicles, and hospitals. Traditional network management approaches, designed to manage simple uniform sensor networks, are no longer appropriate to deal with such complex networks. In this work, we propose a new approach for managing heterogeneous WSNs designed to accommodate variabilities associated with different environments. The proposed approach is implemented using genetic algorithms to achieve the flexibility needed to optimize different types of objective functions such as quality of coverage, redundancy and energy-awareness. We report the results of employing the proposed approach under different scenarios with different sets of assumptions and priorities for typical application domains. For assessment purposes, we compare our algorithm with two greedy algorithms used to manage WSNs in different applications. The proposed algorithm performs better than other methods and exhibits the ability to adjust to the different needs of each scenario.
Self-Aligned Capillarity-Assisted Printing of High Aspect Ratio Flexible Metal Conductors: Optimizing Ink Flow, Plating, and Mechanical Adhesion

High-resolution, low-resistance, flexible metal interconnects that are many centimeters long were additively manufactured on plastic substrates using a roll-to-roll compatible print and plate proce...
Design in Planning: Reintegration through Shifting Values

Design is increasingly entering planning beyond the subfield of urban design. At a larger scale, designers are moving into the social sciences to apply design skills at intersections with the social sciences. This article offers an overview of research and practice at the forefront of both interpreting design fields and understanding their growing importance within planning. This transcends examinations of urban design to incorporate the potential of design more broadly in planning, with particular emphasis on community development and engagement. The article does this through a case study of an existing design-based nonprofit (bcWORKSHOP) which leverages techniques across design and planning to generate new forms of community planning practice in the State of Texas. Ultimately, this case study begins to ask whether planning can fully address a number of issues (like social/racial justice and climate change) without understanding these issues from both design and planning perspectives simultaneously. It also emphasizes the importance of training planners to both envision and build alternate possible worlds, a skillset fundamental to design that could reshape planning education and practice.
Abstract WP447: Increased Platelet- and PMN-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EV) including microvesicles, microparticles and exosomes are now being recognized as key players in cardiovascular/metabolic diseases, hemostasis and thrombosi...
Factors That Impact the Reporting of Customer aggression and Agency decisions to Correct Customer Aggression

Most research concerning customer aggression focuses on antecedents of customer aggression, the coping strategies targets of customer aggression use, and the impact it has on employee attitudes and behaviors. This article takes a different approach, examining whether employees report customer aggression, and if so, whether agencies do anything about the aggression (i.e., issue corrective actions). To investigate these components of customer aggression, Merit Systems Protection Board data were examined. The results demonstrate that customer aggression was more likely to be reported when the respondent indicated that that the target’s performance was high at the time of the harassment. However, the performance of the target at the time of the customer’s aggression did not influence whether the agency decided to do something about the aggression. Finally, whether the reporter was a supervisor and whether the organization had a workplace aggression policy did not affect reporting or the issuance of corrective actions. The implications of these findings are discussed in the article.
An Introductory Review

Semiconductor technology has long been dependent on controlling or at least using phenomena that occur on very short time and space scales. Millimeter-wave devices such as Gunn diodes or impact avalanche transit-time diodes (IMPATTs) depend critically on controlling the phase shifts between particle currents and terminal voltage waveforms in frequency ranges where times of less than a picosecond can visibly alter device performance. Monolithic silicon metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technology depends on creating an inversion layer whose width is on the order of 100 A and in which purely quantum mechanical “size” effects can be seen. The above examples are old. Arguably we have been lucky in these millimeter-wave devices in that phenomena occurring on times which seemed to lie beyond the resolution of any foreseeable measurement system actually provided the base for working devices. In the MOSFET world these quantum effects did not provide a basis for any actual devices but merely complicated the understanding of certain parameters used in the device model. Technological advances have now created a situation however in which we can fabricate semiconductor structures of submicron and even nanometer dimension in which quantum and other “novel” physical mechanisms are used in device operation and other advances have simultaneously created situations in which it is possible to perform measurements with subpicosecond resolution.
Co-Occurrence of Substance-Related and Other Mental Health Disorders Among Adolescent Cannabis Users.

Objective Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States and is increasingly being legalized throughout the United States. Many believe that cannabis is relatively harmless, and some believe that cannabis is not addictive. We wondered what the rates of cannabis abuse and dependence might be among adolescents referred for substance use evaluations and also about the incidence of co-occurring psychiatric illnesses and substance use disorders among those individuals. Methods Herein, we analyze intake data from 483 adolescents referred for evaluation at an adolescent substance abuse clinic, with information gleaned from the adolescents and their parents or caregivers. Results Forty-seven percent of our sample met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria for cannabis dependence and another 32% for cannabis abuse. Among adolescents with cannabis use disorders, the co-occurrence of alcohol and opioid abuse or dependence was high. These individuals also suffered from significant psychiatric comorbidities otherwise. Conclusions Our results show that cannabis use carries the risk of dependence and also carries with it significant risk of comorbidities, both with respect to other substance use disorders and other psychiatric illness. Given the growing body of research linking cannabis use with addiction and other psychiatric illness, public health efforts ought to center on the potential dangers of cannabis use.
Sensitivity to Hidden Bias

Cornfield, Haenszel, Hammond, Lilienfeld, Shimkin, and Wynder (1959) first conducted a formal sensitivity analysis in an observational study. Their paper is a survey of the evidence available in 1959 linking smoking with lung cancer. The paper asks whether the association between smoking and lung cancer is an effect caused by smoking or whether it is instead due to a hidden bias. Can lung cancer be prevented by not smoking? Or are the higher rates of lung cancer among smokers due to some other difference between smokers and nonsmokers?
Modeling differential equations in biology

Based on a very successful one-semester course taught at Harvard, this text teaches students in the life sciences how to use differential equations to help their research. It needs only a semester's background in calculus. Ideas from linear algebra and partial differential equations that are most useful to the life sciences are introduced as needed, and in the context of life science applications, are drawn from real, published papers. It also teaches students how to recognize when differential equations can help focus research. A course taught with this book can replace the standard course in multivariable calculus that is more usually suited to engineers and physicists.
A Field and Laboratory Study of Wave Damping by Grease Ice

In a field and laboratory study we discuss the formation, growth, and wave-absorption properties of grease ice. Our field observations show that grease-ice formation occurs under cold windy conditions in both leads and polynyas. In leads grease ice forms in the open water, then is herded to the down-wind edge of the lead; in polynyas a Langmuir circulation herds the grease ice into long plumes parallel to the wind. In the laboratory we grow grease ice in a wave tank and measure its wave absorption properties for single-frequency, two-dimensional waves. On a large scale we find that the thickness of the grease ice, which increases away from the paddle, is determined by a balance between the wave-momentum flux and the free-surface tilt. On a small scale our photographs show that the crystals which make up the grease ice consist of discs measuring about 1 mm in diameter and 1–10 µm thick, which at low rates of shear sinter together into larger clumps yielding a viscosity increase. To measure this non-linear viscosity, we study the decay of wave amplitude between two critical distances measured inwards from the leading edge. The first occurs when the depth of grease ice exceeds k−1 where k is the wave number; the second further distance is a line of transition from liquid to solid behavior which we call the dead zone. Between these two distances the wave amplitude decays with a linear slope α, which increases as (a 0 k)2 where a0 is the wave amplitude in open water. Concurrent measurements of ice concentration show that it increases from values of 18–22% at the leading edge to a local maximum of 32–44% at the dead zone, while the values at the dead zone increase non-linearly with a0k. Finally, comparison of the observed α to that calculated from a yield-stress viscosity model shows if the yield-stress coefficient is proportional to the incident wave-momentum flux, the model predicts the observed α.
Effect of skin temperature on multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis

This study assessed the effects of changes in skin temperature on multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (MF-BIA) and on the prediction of body water compartments. Skin temperature (baseline 29.3 +/-...
Thanatourism, Caminata Nocturna, and the Complex Geopolitics of Mexico's Parque EcoAlberto

This article provides readers with a critical analysis of Mexico's Parque EcoAlberto. Utilizing some of the theoretical work of interdisciplinary scholars who are interested in the study of “thanatourism,” the authors illustrate how this park, with its Caminata Nocturna (night hike), is much more than simply a “dark” tourist attraction that deters those who might travel North to the U.S. border. This study shows how the indigenous Hnahnu in Mexico have to confront a host of symbolic and material forces that are sometimes hidden in the patriotic metanarratives that swirl around this park.
Primary coronary vasodilation associated with pauses in heart rhythm during sleep

We observed 162 episodes of pause in heart rhythm in chronically instrumented dogs primarily during transitions from deep slow-wave sleep to other stages of sleep. These pauses lasted 1.1-8.0 s and were followed by increases in coronary blood flow (CBF) averaging 30% and ranging up to 84%. The postpause surges in CBF do not appear to be mediated by local metabolic factors because the flow surges occurred without significant changes in the heart rate x systolic blood pressure (HRxSBP) product, a standard index of cardiac metabolic activity. Enhanced vagal tone is suggested by the background of marked respiratory sinus arrhythmia, low average heart rates, and the hallmark event, the pause in heart rhythm. In a series of experiments in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs, we demonstrated that direct vagus nerve stimulation can induce both the pause in heart rhythm and the postpause increase in CBF in a pattern similar to that observed during sleep. This response was markedly attenuated after pericoronary denervation. These observations provide suggestive evidence but not definitive proof that enhanced vagal activity may be involved in the increase in CBF after spontaneous pauses in heart rhythm during sleep.
Efficient and robust segmentations based on eikonal and diffusion PDEs

In this paper, we present efficient and simple image segmentations based on the solution of two separate Eikonal equations, each originating from a different region. Distance functions from the interior and exterior regions are computed, and final segmentation labels are determined by a competition criterion between the distance functions. We also consider applying a diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) based method to propagate information in a manner inspired by the information propagation feature of the Eikonal equation. Experimental results are presented in a particular medical image segmentation application, and demonstrate the proposed methods.
Fatal Rhabdomyolysis as a Complication of ET-743 (Yondelis) Chemotherapy for Sarcoma

Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome in which skeletal muscle damage and necrosis leads to the release of intracellular muscle contents, which can ultimately lead to electrolyte disturbances, renal failure and even death. Chemotherapy is an extremely rare cause of rhabdomyolysis. Herein, we describe a fatal case of rhabdomyolysis in a patient with metastatic sarcoma after receiving the chemotherapeutic agent Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743, trabectedin) as palliative chemotherapy treatment.
To the Land of Bliss

To the Land of Bliss. Directed by Wen-jie Qin. 2001. 47 minutes. Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA. docued@der.org.
Aerobic and anaerobic catabolism of phthalic acid by a nitrate-respiring bacterium

A Bacillus sp., isolated by anaerobic enrichment on a o-phthalic acid-nitrate medium, grew either aerobically or anaerobically on phthalic acid. Cells grown anaerobically on phthalate immediately oxidized phthalate and benzoate with nitrate, whereas aerobic oxidation only occurred after a lag period and was inhibited by chloramphenicol. 2-Fluoro-and 3-fluorobenzoate were formed from 3-fluorophthalate by cells grown anaerobically on phthalate. Aerobically grown cells immediately oxidized phthalate, benzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate with oxygen. The aerobic and anaerobic route of catabolism of phthalate may thus share an initial decarboxylation to benzoate. This is the first report of the anaerobic dissimilation of phthalic acid by a pure bacterial culture.
Synthesis and reaction chemistry of fluoroxydifluoromethyl fluoroformyl peroxide

Abstract The reaction of bis(fluoroformyl) peroxide 1 with F 2 in the presence of CsHF 2 of KHF 2 produces FOCF 2 OOC(O)F 2 in 60% yield. The previously known FOCF 2 OOCF 2 OF is also obtained as a byproduct along with small amounts of the new compounds FOCF 2 OOC(O)OOC(O)F 3 and FOCF 2 OOC(O)OOCF 2 OF 4 . Hydrolysis of 2 affords either FOCF 2 OOC(O)OOCF 2 OF 4 or FOCF 2 OOH 5 in low yield, depending on the reaction conditions. Fluorination of peroxides 3 – 5 provides the corresponding fluoroxy compounds in high yields and provides further proof of structure.
In situ study of heavy ion induced radiation damage in NF616 (P92) alloy

Abstract NF616 is a nominal 9Cr ferritic–martensitic steel that is amongst the primary candidates for cladding and duct applications in the Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor, one of the Generation IV nuclear energy systems. In this study, an in situ investigation of the microstructure evolution in NF616 under heavy ion irradiation has been conducted. NF616 was irradiated to 8.4 dpa at 50 K and to 7.6 dpa at 473 K with 1 MeV Kr ions. Nano-sized defects first appeared as white dots in dark-field TEM images and their areal density increased until saturation (∼6 dpa). Dynamic observations at 50 K and 473 K showed appearance and disappearance of TEM-visible defect clusters under irradiation that continued above saturation dose. Quantitative analysis showed no significant change in the average size (∼3–4 nm) and distribution of defect clusters with increasing dose at 50 K and 473 K. These results indicate a cascade-driven process of microstructure evolution under irradiation in these alloys that involves both the formation of TEM-visible defect clusters by various degrees of cascade overlap and cascade induced defect cluster elimination. According to this mechanism, saturation of defect cluster density is reached when the rate of defect cluster formation by overlap is equal to the rate of cluster elimination during irradiation.
Morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular abnormalities in therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia.

We describe 17 cases of therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (tAPL). Treatment for the initial neoplasms (mostly carcinomas and non-Hodgkin lymphomas) included radiation and chemotherapy in 11 patients, radiation in 3, and chemotherapy in 3. The interval between the initial neoplasm and tAPL ranged from 17 to 116 months (median, 40 months). Morphologically, all 13 cases with available bone marrow aspirate smears showed tAPL. Dyserythropoiesis or dysmegakaryopoiesis was identified in 11 cases. In 2 cases, too few nonneoplastic cells and, in all cases, too few maturing granulocytes were present to assess for dysplasia. Conventional cytogenetics or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed the t(15;17)(q22;q21) in all cases; 6 as a sole abnormality, 9 with additional abnormalities, and 2 assessed only by FISH. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies showed PML/RARα in 13 cases (8 short form, 5 long form). Mutations of the flt3 gene were detected by PCR in 5 (42%) of 12 cases. We conclude that dysplastic features, secondary cytogenetic abnormalities, and flt3 mutations are common in tAPL.
Transforming to Teach: Teaching Religion to Today's Black College Student

. Emerging from the particular experiences of the marginalized, postmodern pedagogies (bell hooks, Paolo Freire, feminist pedagogies) argue that education is more than conveying information from teacher to student. Rather education should encompass the transformative process of shaping character, values, and politics through the dynamic interaction among the teacher, the students' experiences, and the content of the instructional material. These perspectives argue that educators should reject “the banking model” of education, and teach to transform. However, religious studies with today's black college student tests the mettle of these approaches. On the one hand, historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have long practiced transformative education through a commitment to shaping both the minds and characters of their students. On the other hand, many of today's black college students are less receptive to transformation, particularly in the academic study of religion. This resistance to transformation is a reflection of (1) the socio-economic reality of the current student, and (2) a new black religiosity that portrays the world in binary terms. These economic and religious realities present a teaching context for which few religious scholars are prepared. This essay discusses the particularities of teaching religion to today's black college student by sharing the challenges, failures, successes, and joys of teaching religion at a small church-related, historically black women's college in the south. I will discuss the techniques that fail, and the way in which this unique context causes me to transform the way I teach religion. In the midst of a commitment to postmodern pedagogies, I feel a need to return to the banking model's establishment of authority and emphasis on content. As I negotiate with this method, I find ways to stealthily infuse transformative pedagogical techniques. I also discuss the way such a dramatic shift in pedagogy has transformed me, the teacher.
Intraoperative Vascular Imaging and Robotics: How Operating Rooms Will Look in the Near Future

Describing the appearance of the operating room of the future is challenging due to the rapid developments in both imaging and robotics. As described elsewhere in this journal, both rigid (Intuitive) and flexible (Hansen) robotics promise to fundamentally alter the way we deliver therapy within body cavities and blood vessels. In this manuscript, we describe yet another application of robotics in cardiovascular therapy, namely the development of robotics angiographic imaging systems. The vascular bed is a dynamic one and thus, not including motion, could allow for misinterpretation. Therefore, imaging must include four aspects in order to be of great promise in the endovascular arena: 1) the equipment must have adequate definition and thereby be able to characterize tissues and define boundaries between anatomic structures; 2) the system must be interactive and intuitive; 3) three-dimensional capabilities are necessary when navigating vascular anatomy; and 4) it must include a fourth dimension, the ability to evaluate motion. The ideal operating room would be able to incorporate all these features into a flat panel, high-definition system that can be controlled from a common user interface. Furthermore, since post-imaging analysis is commonplace, it is imperative that all imaging be saved in the same format. The most common and exploitable format is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). The Siemens Zeego angiographic imaging system is a completely new concept in angiographic imaging (Figure 1), replacing traditional C-arms with robotic, highly articulated C-arrns modeled around car assembly line robots. There are numerous advantages for such a system: it optimizes space efficiency in equipment-laden hybrid rooms, it allows for rapid repositioning for total body imaging, and the speed of camera movement optimizes image quality. The capability of these C-arms to rapidly acquire a fluoro CT (or DynaCT) image will revolutionize catheter and device navigation (Figure 2).
Money illusion, distribution effects and the household and business demands for money☆

Abstract This paper examines, using flow-of-funds data, the household and business demands for money. Questions explored include whether the demand for money should be expressed in nominal, real, per capita, or real per capita terms and whether distributional effects are important. In considering this latter point, we employ aggregate measures of inequality (i.e., Gini coefficients and variance of logarithms of income and business receipts) in the regression equations.
The impact of baseball participation on the educational experiences of black student-athletes at historically black colleges and universities

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of baseball participation on the educational experiences of black student-athletes at two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in the southeastern United States (US). HBCUs were selected for this study because of the limited amount of research on student-athletes at these institutions. Two separate focus group interviews were conducted for data collection. Data was retrieved from student-athletes who participated in baseball at two selected HBCUs in the southeastern US. A grounded theoretical approach was employed to examine the relationship between intercollegiate athletic participation and the educational experiences of black baseball student-athletes at HBCUs. The findings from this study revealed that the current structure of intercollegiate baseball created both positive and negative impacts on the overall educational experiences of black baseball student-athletes at HBCUs. However, when there is a healthy balance between academics a...
The MAP Kinase Cascade. Discovery of a New Signal Transduction Pathway

Using biochemical techniques similar to those used by Krebs and Fischer in elucidating the cAMP kinase cascade, a protein kinase cascade has been found that represents a new pathway for signal transduction. This pathway is activated in almost all cells that have been examined by many different growth and differentiation factors, suggesting control of different cell responses. At this writing, four tiers of growth factor regulated kinases, each tier represented by more than one enzyme, have been reconstituted in vitro to form the MAP kinase cascade. Preliminary findings suggesting multiple feedback or feedforward regulation of several components in the cascade predict higher complexity than a simple linear pathway. (Mol Cell Biochem 127/128: 201–209, 1993)
A computational framework for telemedicine

Emerging telemedicine applications require the ability to exploit diverse and geographically distributed resources. Highspeed networks are used to integrate advanced visualization devices, sophisticated instruments, large databases, archival storage devices, PCs, workstations, and supercomputers. This form of telemedical environment is similar to networked virtual supercomputers, also known as metacomputers. Metacomputers are already being used in many scientific application areas. In this article, we analyze requirements necessary for a telemedical computing infrastructure and compare them with requirements found in a typical metacomputing environment. We will show that metacomputing environments can be used to enable a more powerful and unified computational infrastructure for telemedicine. The Globus metacomputing toolkit can provide the necessary low level mechanisms to enable a large scale telemedical infrastructure. The Globus toolkit components are designed in a modular fashion and can be extended to support the specific requirements for telemedicine.
“Twenty-five years of Economic Development” revisited

Abstract The basic question asked in this essay is do Morawetz's findings in Twenty-five Years of Economic Development hold when extended to a period (1975–1989) of great turmoil in the international economy. The record is mixed. Some of the trends that were observed during 1950–1975 did not carry over to 1975–1989. Growth during 1950–1975 now looks exceptional compared to what followed, and the balance-of-payments and debt constraints to growth have come sharply to the fore. Others — especially the divergence in growth among countries and regions, and the relationship between growth, poverty and inequality foreshadowed longer run trends. Some of Morawetz's conclusions also do not hold when seen in the light of the experience of 1975–1989: for example, his pronouncement regarding a socialist and inward alternative to equitable growth and development now appears premature. But the most surprising finding is the confirmation of his little-noted statement regarding the contribution of political stability and stability of the economic rules of the game and (by extension) of the nation-building process to development performance.
Periprocedural complications by child-pugh class in patients undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization or chemoembolization to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma at a VA medical center

BACKGROUND: For patients with compensated cirrhosis, transcatheter arterial embolization with and without additive chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival. The aim of this study was to compare periprocedural complications in a population with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma to evaluate for differences in complications by severity of liver disease. METHODS: Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter arterial embolization with or without additive chemotherapy procedures from 2003 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed and compared by Child-Pugh (CP) class. A total of 141 embolizations were done in 76 patients. RESULTS: Complication rates were seen in 27% of CP class A and 17% of CP class B patients. There was no significant difference in the grade of complications between the 2 groups or between procedure types. Survival rate was dependent on the degree of liver dysfunction (3-year CP class A, 49%; CP class B, 13%; P = .0048). CONCLUSION: Embolization procedures to treat hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality rates, even in patients with a compromised hepatic reserve.
Cholinergic molecules modify the in vitro behavior of cells from early embryos of the medaka Oryzias latipes, a teleost fish

Abstract 1. A method is described that enables one to collect with a micropipette cells from several hundred early medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) embryos in less than 30 min; the cells can subsequently be dissociated by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. 2. d -Tubocurarine (10 μM) decreased and carbamylcholine (10 μM) increased the rate of aggregation of these cells in vitro . 3. d -Tubocurarine also decreased the proportion of cells that translocated a measurable distance in vitro . 4. Extracts of the cells contain acetylcholine, and the amount they contain is about 25% of that present in whole embryos. 5. No acetylcholine was detected in the culture medium bathing aggregating cells.
Photodegradation of carbon monoxide–styrene copolymer in benzene and formation of block copolymer with methyl methacrylate

Photodegradation of carbon monoxide–styrene copolymer in benzene was investigated. In relation to the average number of main-chain scissions per macromolecule versus photoirradiation time, the straight line did not pass through the origin. This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of a labile bond from the carbonyl group in the main chain, in accordance with the results of Cameron and Lawrence which were found in the study of photodegradation of thermally polymerized polystyrene. In utilization of photodegradative behavior in carbon monoxide–styrene copolymer, a block copolymer of styrene with methyl methacrylate was prepared and was ascertained by precipitated fractionation, elementary analysis, and turbidimetry.
Investigation on Texture Evolution in Plastic Deformation Layer of SMAT Iron

The texture evolution in the plastic deformation layer of the pure iron sample after the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was discussed through electron backscattering and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed that: the surface layer of the iron sample can be subdivided into four sub-layers along the depth from the top surface: nano-sized regime, submicro-sized regime, micro-sized regime and deformed coarse-grained regime. Nano-sized regime possesses random crystallographic orientations. But in submicro-sized regime and micro-sized regime, the //ND fiber texture is the prominent texture with a strong orientation of (110)[1-11]. Increasing treatment time during SMAT process does not change the components of texture in plastic deformation layer, only strengthen their orientation density.
Factors associated with adaptation of youths discharged from residential treatment

This descriptive study examined the relationships among differing sources of social support, stress, stability, and adaptation of youths who had been in residential treatment. Study subjects were 50 former residents one to three years postdischarge. Data were drawn from interviews with youths and from youths' treatment records. The structured interview included four standardized measures. The study interviewer knew neither the subjects nor their clinical status at discharge. Correlational and multivariate analyses of data revealed that (a) differing dimensions of adaptation are related; (b) differing sources of social support are not related; (c) among the sources of social support, family support is related most strongly to adaptation; (d) family support, stress, and stability, considered together, are related to adaptation. Each also has an independent effect on differing dimensions of adaptation; (e) when knowledge of youths' scores on family support, stress, and stability is applied, it is easier to predict youths who have adapted poorly postdischarge than those who have adapted well. Implications of findings for future research and program design are delineated.
N-Me-pAB-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Tyr(3-NO2): an internally quenched fluorogenic γ-glutamyl hydrolase substrate

Abstract A γ-glutamyl tripeptide containing an internally quenched fluorophore has been synthesized and shown to be a substrate for recombinant rat γ-glutamyl hydrolase. HPLC, LC–MS, and fluorescence spectra support the conclusion that selective hydrolysis occurs at the penultimate peptide bond. Preliminary data indicate that hydrolysis of this substrate can be monitored continuously to yield steady-state kinetic data
ARCH and Bilinear Time Series Models: Comparison and Combination

Two extensions to the ARMA model, bilinearity and ARCH errors are compared, and their combination is considered. Starting with the ARMA model, tests for each extension are discussed, along with various least squares and maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and tests of the estimated models based on these. The effects each may have on the identification, estimation, and testing of the other are given, and it is seen that to distinguish between the two properly, it is necessary to combine them into a bilinear model with ARCH errors. Some consequences of the misspecification caused by considering only the ARMA model are noted, and the methods are applied to two real time series.
Family Members’ Informal Roles in End-of-Life Decision Making in Adult Intensive Care Units

Background To support the process of effective family decision-making, it is important to recognize and understand informal roles various family members may play in the end-of-life decision-making process.
Intracoronal reinforcement and coronal coverage: A study of endodontically treated teeth

T echniques to reinforce endodontically treated teeth have been available for more than 100 years. However, few dentists have questioned the rationale that dictates automatic dowel reinforcement and coronal coverage of pulpless teeth. The difficulties of in vivo studies have motivated investigators to increase the number of in vitro studies of endodontically treated teeth. Although findings from in vitro studies provide guidelines, direct application of tensile, torque, and shear tests on experimental models or extracted teeth are questionable. This is particularly true if the elasticity of tooth structure, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament is considered. The purpose of this study was to correlate clinical and laboratory studies of 1273 endodontically treated teeth in retrospect and determine the clinical significance of post reinforcement and coronal coverage. The location of the tooth in the arch and how it modifies the restorative requirements of an endodontically treated tooth are evaluated.
Closed-loop dynamic shape control of a flexible beam

An experimental implementation of a new distributed parameter shape control design methodology is presented. The technique is based upon the input/output representation of distributed parameter systems in a spatially- and temporallytransformed frequency space. The analysis is specialized to shape control through the introduction of generalized spatial transforms of the plant response which explicitly parameterize the shape control task. Experiments are summarized wherein a 4Oin pinned-pinned steel beams shape is controlled, in the presence of quasi-static and resonant disturbances, over a bandlimited set of four sinusoidal shape basis functions at a closed-loop temporal bandwidth of 2Hz, using distributed piezoelectric actuators. Temporal compensation is provided by digitally-implemented LQG/LTR compensators. A novel inner-loop damping formulation, based upon the second method of Lyapunov, is developed and implemented to damp the beam resonant response beyond the LQG/LTR control bandwidth.
The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire in intercollegiate athletes: validity limited by ceiling effect.

Hypothesis: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire has been validated as an effective upper extremity specific outcome measure. Normative scores have not been established for young athletes. This study was conducted to establish normative DASH scores for intercollegiate athletes. We hypothesized that DASH scores in intercollegiate athletes differ from published values obtained from the general population. Materials and methods: The DASH questionnaire was administered to 321 athletes cleared for full participation in intercollegiate sports. Their scores were compared with normative values in the general population and 2 other age-matched cohorts. Results: Intercollegiate athleteshad significantly betterupper extremity function compared with thegeneral population (1.37 � 2.96 vs 10.10 � 14.68, P < .001) and an age-matched cohort of employed adults (1.37 � 2.96 vs 5.40 � 7.57, P < .0001). The DASH was 0 for 65.1%. Within this cohort, men reported better upper extremity function than women (0.98 vs 1.82, P ¼ .010). Athletes participating in overhead sports reported worse upper extremity function than nonoverhead athletes (1.81 vs 0.98, P ¼ .042). Discussion: We report normative DASH values for a group of intercollegiate athletes and show a significant difference between the scores of these athletes and the general population. Within our cohort of competitive athletes, overhead sports and female gender are associated with significantly lower DASH scores and sports module scores. The utility of using these results are limited by a substantial ceiling effect in this population of competitive athletes. Differences within our cohort and differences between our cohort and other populations are minimized by this ceiling effect. Various upper extremity outcome measures may be similarly limited by a ceiling effect and should be examined for appropriateness before use. Conclusion: Intercollegiate athletes report significantly greater upper extremity function than the general population; however, validity of the DASH in these athletes is limited and population differences may be minimized by a substantial ceiling effect. Level of evidence: Level IV, Case-Control Study, Diagnostic Study 2010 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.
Plane partitions IV: A conjecture of Mills-Robbins-Rumsey

In this paper we consider a problem posed by W Mills D Robbins and H Rumsey for a certain plane partition generating functionZn(x, m) The special caseZn(1,m) is the generating function that arose in the weak Macdonald conjecture Mills—Robbins—Rumsey conjectured thatZn(2,m) also possesses a nice finite product representation Their conjecture is proved as Theorem 1
Anticipatory compliance and effective regulatory activity

Abstract A number of case studies document the coexistence of significantly high levels of compliance with low inspection frequencies. The present paper provides an explanation of this puzzle by analyzing a sequential game where the enforcement activity is predicated on the (observable) level of violations, and the agents anticipate the effect of their compliance decisions on the regulator. Such anticipatory behavior is shown to result in higher levels of compliance at lower monitoring frequencies compared to the equilibrium outcome of the corresponding simultaneous move game.