cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflection, Realization, and Reaffirmation: Voices of Black and White Faculty Members Engaged in Cross-Racial Mentoring

This article focuses on the experiences of four faculty members engaged in cross-racial mentoring at predominantly White institutions in the United States. Using scholarly personal narratives, the study addresses psychosocial and cultural struggles that both White and Black faculty members experience as they mentor individuals of differing ethnicities. The participants were a Black woman, a White woman, a Black man, and a White man, all of whom were faculty members. Their narratives shed light on difficulties precipitated through cross-racial interactions regardless of social station, racial identity, or racial awareness. The study provides a unique, emic perspective that addresses ideas of ambivalence, White privilege, Black social reticence, and White obliviousness as well as summarily advancing the discussion on faculty-student engagement in cross-racial mentoring. Ultimately the authors challenge themselves and faculty colleagues to be uncomfortable as they learn more about social stigmas, racialized ...
Current burden of gunshot wound injuries at two Los Angeles County Level I Trauma centers

Background Gunshot wound (GSW) injuries present a unique surgical challenge. This study explored the financial and clinical burdens of GSW patients across 2 Los Angeles County Level I trauma centers over the last 12 years, and compared them with other forms of interpersonal injury (OIPI). Study Design This was a retrospective study of patients presenting as those with GSW and OIPI (defined as combined stab wound or blunt assault), between January 1, 2006 and March 30, 2018, at LAC+USC Medical Center (LAC+USC) and Harbor UCLA Medical Center (HUCLA). Demographic and clinical variables were assessed for GSW patients and compared with victims of OIPI. Results There were 17,871 patients who met inclusion criteria. There was a significant difference in mortality for patients with GSW vs OIPI (11% vs 2%, p Conclusions When compared with OIPI, GSW patients arrived more severely injured and required more operations, more ICU admissions, and longer hospital stays. Patients with GSW incurred significantly higher hospital charges and had a significantly higher mortality rate. Gunshot wound injury is a unique public health concern requiring comprehensive, nation-wide, contemporary study.
Hydrogen exchange between the methyl and hydride ligands of dicyclopentadienylhydridomethyltungsten prior to methane elimination

The elimination of methane from Cp/sub 2/W(H)CH/sub 3/ (Cp-cyclopentadiene) was investigated using thermolysis and acetonitrile-toluene mixtures as the matrix. With the use of deuterium labeled intermediates, an intramolecular methane elimination was found in dilute solutions while the process appears to be intermolecular at higher concentrations. Results for /sup 1/H, /sup 2/H, /sup 13/C NMR were used to calculate the final mole fractions of 16 isotopically labeled species occurring in mixtures of Cp/sub 2/W(H)/sup 13/ CH/sub 3/ Cp/sub 2/W(H)CD/sub 3/ mixtures. Analysis of results shows that the tungsten hydride in Cp/sub 2/W(H)CH/sub 3/ is able to exchange with the C-H bonds in the methyl ligand of another molecule of the same material, at a rate which competes well with intramolecular methane except in a very dilute solution. The compounds discussed are among the first hydrides for which intermolecular exchange with an aliphatic ligand has been reported. 16 references.
Spatial and Temporal Relations between Fluvial and Allacustrine Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout, Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri, Spawning in the Yellowstone River, Outlet Stream of Yellowstone Lake

Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT), Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri, that spawn in the outlet of Yellowstone Lake show two potamodromous migration patterns, fluvial and allacustrine. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether those fluvial and allacustrine YCT represent reproductively isolated stocks. Redd surveys indicated spawning occurred during about 5 consecutive weeks between late May and mid-July 1993–1995. Lake fish (N=6), defined as radiotagged YCT that entered Yellowstone Lake after the spawning period (i.e. allacustrine pattern), were found in the river between the lake outlet (river kilometer [Rkm] 0) and Rkm 20.0 during spawning. Probable lake fish (N=28; tagged YCT that were last detected near the lake outlet) were found between Rkm 0 and Rkm 22.5 during spawning. River fish (N=4; tagged YCT that remained in the river when annual tracking concluded in fall, i.e. fluvial pattern) were found between Rkm 1.1 and Rkm 18.0 during spawning. Fidelity to spawning areas used between consecutive years was suggested by one of five lake fish and the single river fish for which data were available. Spatial overlap in spawning and a lack of temporal separation between the life-history types during spawning suggested that fluvial and allacustrine YCT were not reproductively isolated. Radiotagging, as well as visual observations made annually from boats during April and May, indicated fluvial YCT overwintered downstream from Rkm 14 and were few, probably on the order of 10% of all YCT that spawned in the Yellowstone River.
Cross-kingdom recognition of bacterial small RNAs induces transgenerational pathogenic avoidance

Abstract We recently discovered that C. elegans can pass on a learned avoidance of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) to four generations of its progeny. This transgenerational inheritance is bacterial species-specific, but how C. elegans recognizes and distinguishes different bacteria and transmits this information to future generations is not apparent. Here we show that small RNAs purified from pathogenic PA14 are sufficient not only to induce avoidance of pathogens in mothers, but also to confer transgenerational inheritance of this species-specific behavior for four generations, all without direct contact with pathogenic bacteria. This behavior requires the small RNA transporters SID-1 and SID-2, RNA interference pathway components, the piRNA Piwi/Argonaute pathway, a functioning germline, and TGF-β ligand daf-7 expression in the ASI sensory neuron. Our results suggest that C. elegans “reads” small RNAs expressed by pathogenic bacteria, and uses this information to induce an escape behavior that lasts for four additional generations. C. elegans may have evolved this trans-kingdom signaling system to avoid pathogens in abundant classes of bacteria in its environment and its microbiome.
Targeted Expansion of Tissue-Resident CD8+ T Cells to Boost Cellular Immunity in the Skin.

Summary Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells are positioned within environmental barrier tissues to provide a first line of defense against pathogen entry, but whether these specialized T cell populations can be readily boosted to increase protective immunity is ill defined. Here, we demonstrate that repeated activation of rare, endogenous TRM CD8+ T cells, using only topical application of antigenic peptide causes delayed-type hypersensitivity and increases the number of antigen-specific TRM CD8+ T cells, specifically in the challenged skin by ∼15-fold. Expanded TRM CD8+ T cells in the skin are derived from memory T cells recruited out of the circulation that became CD69+ tissue residents following a local antigen encounter. Notably, recruited circulating memory CD8+ T cells of a different antigen specificity could be coerced to become tissue resident using a dual-peptide challenge strategy. Expanded TRM CD8+ T cells significantly increase anti-viral protection, suggesting that this approach could be used to rapidly boost tissue-specific cellular immunity.
Dislocation Inhomogeneity in Cyclic Deformation

The development of a dislocation inhomogeneity in the form of regular spatial patterns during cyclic deformation is examined from a dynamical instability point of view. A gradient-dependent dislocation dynamics framework is devised and the competition between mobility, interaction, and generation processes is considered. Within such a framework, it is shown that uniform dislocation distributions may become unstable versus spatial modulations leading to the formation of different types of patterns including cellular, ladderlike, and labyrinth structures. In particular, the spatially periodic wall structure of persistent slip bands (PSBs), along with the theoretical determination of the corresponding wavelength, is discussed on the basis of nonlinear dynamical equations of the reaction-diffusion type. The effect of temperature on the wavelength selection process is predicted in accordance with experimental observations. Moreover, it is shown that the possibility of secondary or multiple slip effects and the associated labyrinth structures can conveniently be described by the dynamical model. Finally, a preliminary discussion on the applicability of gradient-dependent disloca­tion dynamics and self-organization techniques, in describing the early stages of the deformation with emphasis on the inhomogeneous development of slip during monotonic loading, is given.
Evaluation of methotrexate clearance with an enteral urine alkalinization protocol for patients receiving high-dose methotrexate

PurposeHigh-dose methotrexate is a cytotoxic agent used to treat several malignancies. Urine alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate and hyperhydration are given with methotrexate to prevent drug pr...
Segregation within integrated schools: Racially disproportionate student-teacher assignments in middle school

Racial segregation has been an ongoing issue in American education and one of the leading contributors to the racial achievement gap. Prior to the Brown v. Board decision of 1954, Black Americans were legally relegated to substandard schools and educational opportunities. Post-Brown, racial segregation continues to manifest as a result of de facto segregation and second-generation segregation. Moreover, the predominantly White teaching force – a negative consequence of desegregation – has been linked to poorer outcomes for Black and Latino students. Our study examines trends in racially disproportionate assignment of Black and Latino students to less experienced teachers than their White counterparts. Specifically, our analysis illustrates statistically significant trends in the assignment of less experienced teachers to Black and Latino students in middle school math over several years. This analysis contributes to the recent research phenomenon of measuring the cumulative pattern of racially disproportionate teacher-student assignments over time as a particularly effective means of understanding the effects of systematic and sustained inequalities on academic achievement. Across several grades and content areas of instruction, we found that the race of students was related to the teaching experience of their teachers. Our findings illustrate the negative impacts of racial segregation on students of color and supports the need for more intervention and administrative intentions regarding teacher-student assignments and racial equity in schools.
Continuous Bupivacaine Infusion versus Liposomal Bupivacaine in Adductor Canal Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Multimodal pain management for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential to enhance functional recovery. Regional anesthesia became a vital component to decrease pain after TKA. Several studies compared femoral versus adductor canal blocks, including evaluating medications that can prolong adductor canal blocks. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) and continuous local infusion (OnQ) both extend local anesthetic delivery beyond 24 hours. This superiority study compared the use of OnQ versus LB in adductor canal blocks. A retrospective study was conducted between two cohorts of consecutive patients who received adductor canal blocks with either LB or a continuous ropivacaine infusion catheter. Morphine equivalent dose (MED), pain scores, and length of stay (LOS) were compared between the two groups by using the analysis of covariance test. There were 106 patients in the OnQ group and 146 in the LB group. The OnQ group consumed significantly fewer opioids compared with the LB group in the recovery room (5.7 MED vs. 11.7 MED, p = 0.002) and over the entire hospitalization (the recovery room plus on the floor; 33.3 MED vs. 42.8 MED, p = 0.009). Opioid use between the OnQ and LB group did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.21). The average pain scores at rest and with activity were similar in both groups (p = 0.894, p = 0.882). The LOS between the OnQ and LB groups was not statistically significant (1.2 vs. 1.3, p = 0.462). OnQ and LB were equally effective in decreasing opioid consumption on the floor over the averaged 1.3 days of hospitalization; however, the OnQ group significantly reduced opioid use in the recovery room. There was no difference in pain scores or LOS between the two groups. OnQ comparatively prolonged infusion of local anesthetic is a potential edge over LB. This advantage may offset the inconvenience of catheter management and infrequent catheter complications.
The Unsung Heroes of the Desegregation of American Law Schools

In 1940 seventeen American states prohibited interracial education by force of law. In 1945 the south offered white students sixteen law schools, but African-American students were limited to one segregated law school. Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP developed a strategy to desegregate American education by first attacking the inequities in graduate and professional education in the courts. Law schools were the first targets as Marshall hoped to develop a cadre of civil rights advocates who could carry on his work. These lawsuits required courageous individuals to step forward to serve as test plaintiffs. These individuals were vilified, intimidated, and threatened. Ultimately only two actually graduated from the schools they sued to attend and practiced law, although some graduated from other law schools and went on to highly successful careers. The Article examines the desegregation of American law schools in all seventeen states with de jure segregation. It reviews the NAACP’s criteria for selecting test plaintiffs, the legal battles that led to those students enrolling in formerly whites-only schools, the students’ experiences in the newly desegregated schools, and some of the factors contributing to their lack of success. The Article concludes by noting the honors awarded these test plaintiffs decades later, often posthumously.
The Multilevel Effects of Changes in Disadvantage on Changes in Crime

While social disorganization theory suggests the importance of change, most prior research examining macro-level criminological associations uses cross-sectional data. The current study examines th...
Statistical optics modeling of dark-field scattering in X-ray grating interferometers: Part2. Simulation

A grating-based Talbot-Lau X-ray interferometer provides three imaging modalities, namely attenuation, differential phase contrast, and dark field. Of these, dark-field imaging is uniquely capable of detecting and characterizing micron-scale fine structure in an object via small-angle scattering that reduces fringe visibility. In Part 1 [Opt. Express29, 40891 (2021)10.1364/OE.447794], we formulate a statistical optics model that predicts the change in visibility, or dark-field signal, as a function of the statistical properties of the scattering object as well as its location within the interferometer. In Part 2, we demonstrate use of this model by simulating an object comprising a random collection of scattering microspheres placed in an X-ray grating interferometer designed to operate at 28 keV. The statistical optics results are validated by numerical Fourier optics simulations.
Structural Holes and Click-Throughs in Online Advertising

This paper examines the impact of social capital on advertising performance in an online social network. Specifically, I show that a widely-employed measure of social capital - network constraint - explains variation in the number of click-throughs received by 5986 banner advertisements appearing on 25 Twitter-related websites. As predicted, banner advertisements receive significantly more clicks when placed on websites that bridge structural holes.
Temperament and Attention as Core Mechanisms in the Early Emergence of Anxiety

Anxiety is a pervasive, impairing, and early appearing form of psychopathology. Even when anxiety remits, children remain at a two- to threefold increased risk for the later emergence of a mood disorder. Therefore, it is imperative to identify and examine underlying mechanisms that may shape early emerging patterns of behavior that are associated with anxiety. One of the strongest and first visible risk factors is childhood temperament. In particular, children who are behaviorally inhibited or temperamentally shy are more likely to exhibit signs of anxiety by adolescence. However, not all shy children do so, despite the early risk. We know that attention mechanisms, particularly the presence of attention biases toward or away from threat, can play a critical role in the emergence of anxiety. The current chapter will bring together these separate lines of research to examine the ways in which attention can modulate the documented link between early temperament and later anxiety. In doing so, the chapter will highlight multiple levels of analysis that focus on the behavioral, cognitive, and neural mechanisms in the temperament-attention-anxiety network. The chapter will help identify both markers and mechanisms of risk, supporting future work aimed at improving theory and intervention by focusing on attention biases to environmental threat.
A True Wiener Filter Implementation for Improving Signal to Noise and Resolution in Acoustic Images

The use of ultrasonic imaging for the detection of flaws is a common non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique. However, like most imaging techniques, ultrasonic images are degraded by blurring due to practical limitations of the ultrasound system. Consequently, while detection of a flaw may be simple, the characterization of the flaw may be quite difficult. In addition, even the detection of flaws may be challenging because of the presence of correlated noise. Correlated spatial noise is generally the result of inherent structure present in the material and could be more appropriately referred to as ‘unwanted signal’. However, since this is the most dominant image feature which restricts the ability to detect low reflectivity flaws, this unwanted signal will be referred to as ‘noise’.
Teleseismic Array Analysis of Upper Mantle Compressional Velocity Structure

Relative array analysis of upper mantle lateral velocity variations in southern California, analysis techniques for dense data profiles, the P-wave upper mantle structure beneath an active spreading center: the Gulf of California, and the upper mantle under the Cascade ranges: a comparison with the Gulf of California are presented.
On the Fluid Mechanics of Human Coronary Artery Stenosis

Human coronary artery stenosis can have dramatic hemodynamic effects on coronary flow rate and perfusion. To quantitatively investigate these relationships, nineteen proximal coronary arteries with varying focal stenoses (2%-98%) were dissected from fresh post mortem adult hearts and perfused with isotonic glycerol saline (n = 2.7 centipoise) at constant pressures of 30, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 mm Hg, while varying the distal bed resistance (r b ) over the range 0.1 to 5 mm Hg/ml/min. Flow rate (Q) and arterial segment pressure drop (?P) were measured at each perfusion pressure and r b , and a permanent cast of silicone rubber was made under 100 mm Hg pressure following perfusion. Hydraulic resistance (R = ?P/Q) tended to be constant at low Q (10-30 ml/min), with resistance increasing 2 or 3 times at higher Q (30-100 + ml/min). Curves of Q vs. % stenosis showed that Q was relatively constant with stenoses less than 70-80%. With a small further increase in stenosis, however, Q decreased dramatically. Furthermore, significant reductions occurred at lower % stenoses for greater demands (lower r b ), a contributing factor toward effort angina, as less severe stenoses became increasingly significant under flow demand. Elastic effects in eccentric lesions produced additional flow losses at lowered perfusion pressures. In addition, a critical relation was demonstrated between percent stenosis and the minimum coronary perfusion pressure necessary to maintain a given Q.
The Laplace transform inversion by inspection

Illustration d'une methode d'inversion de la transformation de Laplace par inspection sur l'exemple d'un probleme aux valeurs limites
Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy: the first 6 years.

Purpose of reviewNephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD) is a newly recognized scleroderma-like fibrosing skin condition. It develops in patients with renal insufficiency. This review summarizes recent case reports and examines theories of disease pathogenesis. Information from the Yale University NF
Radial basis function neural network-based adaptive critic control of induction motors

This paper presents a new adaptive critic controller to achieve precise position-tracking performance of induction motors using a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The adaptive controller consists of an associative search network (ASN), an adaptive critic network (ACN), a feedback controller and a robust controller. Due to the mechanical parameter drift, unmodelled dynamics, actuator saturation, and external disturbances, the exact model of an induction motor is difficult to be obtained. The ASN, which can approximate nonlinear functions, is employed to develop an RBFNN-based feedback control law to deal with the unknown dynamics. The ACN receives a reward from credit-assignment unit to generate an internal reinforcement signal to tune the ASN. Due to the inevitable approximation errors and uncertainties, a robust control technique is developed to reject the effects of the uncertainties. Moreover, the weight updating laws with projection algorithm can tune all parameters of the RBFNN and ensure the localized learning capability. By Lyapunov theory, the stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed RBFNN-based induction motor controller is verified by experimental results.
Metabolic rates of small homeotherms in a waterbath.

Abstract 1. The rates of heat loss of small birds ( Junco hyemalis , Passer domesticus ) and rodents ( Rattus norvegicus albino, Spermophilus beldingi , Heteromys desmarestianus ) immersed to the neck in water were 5 to 10 times as great as those in air. 2. Maximum metabolic rates were elicited at waterbath temperatures of 28 to 30°C. 3. Minimum metabolic rates were comparable to those from the literature of the same species in air but maximum rates for R. norvegicus and P. domesticus were lower than those attained in air or in a helium-oxygen atmosphere.
Electric Dipole Moment of the Lowest Singlet π* State of Propynal

Stark‐effect measurements of the 0–0 band of the 3820‐A transition (1A″←1A′) have been made. Analysis of the pP subbands with K″ = 9, 10, and 11 yields a value μa′ = 0.7±0.2 D. The other component of the dipole moment, μb′, of the upper state is not determined. The relatively complex spectrum produced in the Stark effect is readily simulated by computed spectra. The techniques used appear to be applicable to complex spectra.
A Method to Derive Friction and Rolling Power Loss Formulae for Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication

Prediction of mechanical power losses of gear pairs requires elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analyses to be carried out at every discrete contact position. This makes gear efficiency models computationally demanding. As a remedy to this problem, a method is proposed in this study to derive EHL-based friction coefficient and rolling power loss formulae to be used in gear efficiency models. This method employs a large number of EHL analyses covering a full matrix of all key contact parameters, namely normal load, rolling and sliding velocities, radii of curvature, lubricant parameters and surface roughness amplitudes, within typical ranges dictated by gear contacts. Linear regression of the results of the EHL analyses yields friction coefficient and rolling power loss formulae suitable for gear efficiency models. In the EHL model, the hydrodynamic fluid and asperity contact zones are treated in a unified manner. The sliding friction is computed as the sum of the viscous shear within the lubricant and the boundary friction at the local asperity contact spots. The rolling power loss induced by fluid pressure gradient is formulated to include the entire contact zone instead of only the inlet region, since the pressure gradient is substantial within the contact for rough surface condition. The proposed method is demonstrated using an example turbine fluid. Typical measured gear surface roughness profiles are used in the analyses. At the end, the results from the regression formulae are compared to actual EHL predictions to assess their accuracy under various contact conditions.
Understanding individual differences in young children’s imitative behavior

Abstract Because early theoretical frameworks such as Piaget’s stage model and social learning theory sought to explain the development and performance of imitation in terms of overall group trends, any evidence for individual differences in this behavior was until recently largely overlooked. Results of contemporary imitation studies have not only begun to acknowledge the presence of individual differences in imitative performance, but also challenge early cognitive developmental theories’ proposal of an adherence of the capacity to imitate to a fixed progression of developmental stages. Likewise, such studies support the idea of stable cognitive variables underlying the capacity for imitation. Preliminary investigations of the stability of these variables within the individual have revealed some evidence suggesting that genetic influences may be at work. Additional research in this area will further explore the possibility for genetically influenced individual difference variables contributing to imitative ability.
A simple stepwise method to determine and evaluate the initiation of tertiary flow for asphalt mixtures under dynamic creep test

Abstract A number of research studies have focused on the linkage between material properties and pavement performance. Part of the efforts in this research was the development of Superpave simple performance tests (SPT). One of the Superpave SPT is the repeated loading or dynamic creep test. The output of this test is the flow number, which is the initiation of tertiary flow. A common method in examining the flow number is to locate the lowest point in the strain rate versus cycle number curve, or the minimum value of the strain rate. However, this method may provide confusion due to the variation in the test data. Researchers have been trying to discover new effective methods for determining flow number. Their efforts have led to the development of several excellent approaches. However, these methods need to be more refined in order to improve the user-friendliness to engineers, researchers, and even students. A new simple stepwise method was developed and evaluated in this paper. In this process, it was assumed that the strain would only be maintained at the same point or increased over the load cycle number. Then, the flow number at the minimum point of new strain rate versus cycle number was determined. The flow number results from this new method are simpler and more practical compared to other methods for determining the flow number. In addition, the rate of deformation at the secondary stage was correlated well with the flow number using this method.
Common Property and Conservation: The Potential for Effective Communal Forest Management Within a National Park in Mexico

Common property regimes may contribute to environmental conservationand offer a complementary institutional model to state-run protected areas. The potential conservation value of common property management is of particular significance in Mexico, where a large majority of forests are held communally. Systems of common property management often exist in a context of close institutional overlap with state institutions. This project assessed the function of a common property regime nested within Lagunas de Montebello National Park (PNLM) in Chiapas, Mexico. We documented forest status and analyzed common property forest management institutions following severe fires that threatened forest conservation. Forests managed by the common property regime are less intact than federal forests, yet still moderately conserved, and many attributes necessary for common property management are functional, despite the recent fire crisis. Yet external authorities contest common property management by local institutions, resulting in limited joint management by the national park and the community. Formalization and expansion of de facto cooperation between the federal and community institutions may enhance forest conservation within PNLM.
Late Postclassic Lowland Maya Archaeology

The archaeology of the Late Postclassic lowland Maya (ca. A.D. 1200–1517) is summarized and reviewed. The history of past research is outlined, and investigations on topics of major scholarly concern are discussed. The current data allow us to present an approximate reconstruction of the events and processes that characterize the period, although the information on many areas and topics is still fragmentary. Research in Maya archaeology has focused heavily on the more spectacular developments of earlier periods, creating the impression that the last few centuries of the prehispanic era were a time of disorganization and decline. New data and interpretations indicate that the Late Postclassic was a dynamic period in which the lowland Maya were moving in new directions, restructuring their society and worldview.
Insulin and epidermal growth factor stimulate poly ADP-ribosylation

Abstract Treatment of contact-inhibited BALBc 3T3 fibroblasts with insulin or epidermal growth factor elicited a considerable increase in the capacity of poly (ADP-ribose) synthesis. Stimulation of the poly ADP-ribosylation was observed after long-term hormone treatment (18 hours) but not after short-term treatment (1 hour) and it appeared to be correlated with the cell's entry into DNA synthesis. Several cellular components were found to be enhanced in poly ADP-ribosylation. The data suggest a possible role for poly ADP-ribosylation in mitogenic action of polypeptide hormones and growth factors.
Kinetic lattice Monte Carlo simulations of processes on the silicon (100) surface

Abstract We present kinetic lattice Monte Carlo simulations of the Si (100) surface. Taking into account the known anisotropy produced by the surface reconstruction, we examine the diffusion properties of Si ad-dimers and adatoms on the surface. Our results show a transition from quasi-one-dimensional diffusion to two-dimensional motion as the temperature is raised.
Modeling of PCB Concentrations in Water and Biota (Mytilus edulis) in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts

The water column concentration and bioaccumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener CB052 was modeled in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, using site-specific hydrodynamics and loading information. Equilibrium partitioning theory was used to estimate interstitial water CB052 concentrations from sediment concentrations in New Bedford Harbor and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. The rate of CB052 vertical flux from the interstitial water to the overlying water column was calculated by multiplying the vertical concentration gradient at the sedimentwater interface by a flux coefficient. The vertical flux coefficient and the flux rate from model-generated water-column concentrations were calculated using an interative procedure. Movement of CB052 within New Bedford Harbor was simulated using calibrated two-dimensional, vertically-integrated, finite element hydrodynamic and transport models. Quasi-steady-state water column concentrations and a field-derived bioconcentration factor were used to predict the expected concentration of CB052 in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) at two stations in New Bedford Harbor. The model was used to predict the effects of two remedial scenarios (i.e., reducing average sediment total PCB concentrations to 50 ppm or 10 ppm) on concentrations of CB052 in water and blue mussel tissue. Based on the model results, the CB052 concentration in blue mussels would be reduced by 33–53% for the 50 ppm option and by 67–84% for the 10 ppm option.
Research issues and future directions in strategic alliances: a reply to Prof. Parkhe's reply

This is a response to Prof. Parkhe's reply to my article published in this journal, International Journal of Strategic Business Alliances in Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009. It notes that Prof. Parkhe mostly agree with my views and assessments of strategic alliances in terms of their epistemology and taxonomy. However, it recognises that agency theory was not covered in my article as noted by Prof. Parkhe. In addition, this reply explores most recent literature (years 2008 and 2009) on strategic alliance and interfirm partnerships. Moreover, it points out that prospective research avenues for future researchers. Toward this end, it emphasises the importance of investigating collaboration between firms from developed and emerging markets.
Semiterpenoid esters from the venom of the European hornet, (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Abstract A series of semiterpenoid esters unique in insects have been identified in the venom of the European hornet.
One Case of Triphallia in the Marine Snail Echinolittorina peruviana (Caenogastropoda: Littorinidae)

Los representantes gonocoricos de Littorinidae presentan un sistema reproductor organizado con organos de transito que conectan al testiculo con un pene especializado para la fecundacion interna. Sin embargo, pueden ocurrir malformaciones a este nivel, como la trifalia (presencia de pene triple). Esta descripcion corresponde a un caso de trifalia encontrado en el representante gonocorico Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822), habitante de las costas del Pacifico Sur. El analisis macro y microscopico revela que cada pene es un apendice independiente cuya morfologia individual es semejante a la de individuos normales, caracterizada por un pene de forma conica no pigmentado asociado a una glandula de tipo mamiliforme ubicada en la base del tentaculo ocular derecho. El surco espermatico cervical revestido por un epitelio simple cilindrico ciliado y secretor, recorre el cuello del animal, se subdivide en la base de cada pene conformando el surco espermatico peneano en cada uno de ellos, y asciende dorsalmente desde la base hasta el apice. Los otros organos que conforman el sistema reproductor poseen una organizacion normal (sin duplicaciones o triplicaciones), y el testiculo organizado en acinos contiene todos los tipos celulares de la linea germinal masculina. Aunque aun la causa de esta patologia es desconocida podria estar asociada a causas geneticas y no de tipo ambiental.
Monitoring anthrax vaccine safety in US military service members on active duty: surveillance of 1998 hospitalizations in temporal association with anthrax immunization ☆

We compared 1998 hospitalizations in active-duty US military personnel for possible temporal association with anthrax immunization. Immunization, demographic, and hospitalization data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling for hospitalization within 42 days of vaccination. Discharge diagnoses were aggregated into 14 International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) categories. Approximately 11% of subjects received one or more doses of vaccine during 1998; those immunized were more likely to be younger and male. Lower hospitalization rates were observed across doses and diagnostic categories among the immunized. Adjusted risk ratios for hospitalization by diagnostic category suggest that immunized service members were at equal or lesser risk for hospitalization than the non-immunized.
Decreases in Systemic Arterial and Hindquarters Perfusion Pressure in Response to Nociceptin Are Not Inhibited by Naloxone in the Rat

Abstract Czapla, M. A., H. C. Champion and P. J. Kadowitz. Decreases in systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressure in response to nociceptin are not inhibited by naloxone in the rat. Peptides 18(8) 1197–1200, 1997.—Nociceptin, the endogenous ligand for the ORL 1 receptor, has been shown to decrease systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressures in the rat. The present study was undertaken to determine if decreases in systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressures, in response to nociceptin, are mediated by a naloxone-sensitive mechanism. Injections of nociceptin decreased systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressures in a dose-related manner. The decreases in systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressure in response to nociceptin were not altered by the administration of naloxone in a dose of 2 mg/kg IV. Met-enkephalin decreased systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressures and responses to the opioid receptor agonist were significantly reduced by naloxone, whereas decreases in systemic arterial pressure in response to the nitric oxide donor, DEA/NO, were not altered. The results of the present study show that decreases in systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressure in response to nociceptin are not mediated by a naloxone-sensitive mechanism in the rat.
Cache Effects of Virtual Machine Placement on Multi-Core Processors

Virtual machine prevalence in datacenters introduces a range of potential efficiency issues. It is well known that virtual machines negatively impact application performance when compared to native execution. Multi-core architectures present new opportunities for limiting the performance impact of virtualized execution. The research presented in this paper examines the effects of multi-core cache structure on scientific applications running inside Xen virtual machines. Multiple strategies for assigning virtual machines to physical CPUs are detailed for cases where one or more virtual machines reside on a single node. The results show that placing virtual machines in caches generally improves performance when compared to the default scheduling scheme.
Serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in non-human primates: phylogenetic and genetic implications

Abstract 1. Serum dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity is one to two orders of magnitude higher in man than in any other species previously studied. The high levels of human serum DBH are associated with the inherited allele DBHH. 2. DBH activity was measured in serum from gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, gibbons, rhesus monkeys and squirrel monkeys in an attempt to determine how recently in the course of evolution the allele DBHH had originated. 3. Of the non-human primates tested, only gorillas had high levels of serum DBH activity comparable to those found in man. 4. The genetic polymorphism responsible for elevated serum DBH in man is probably of very recent evolutionary origin.
Deconstructing service quality and customer satisfaction: challenges and directions for future research.

Scholars and practitioners constantly seek to improve the quality of service through the study and practice of concepts such as service quality and customer satisfaction. The present research examines the various perspectives on quality and satisfaction, explains some of the challenges, and proposes a quality framework and directions for future research. Throughout this article, the author argues in favor of a more comprehensive view on quality that considers consumer-driven, internally driven, and intrinsic or expert-driven sources. According to the proposed framework customer-driven service quality is guided by ideal expectations, performance, detailed criteria, and value perceptions. Expert-driven quality is driven by service standards, ratings, and awards. Internally driven quality is driven by benchmarking, quality circles and empowerment, and brand standards. The present study is a call to reexamine the ways of defining and measuring service quality. The ideas presented can help advance a research a...
New Poly(methyl methacrylate)/n-Butyl Acrylate/Pentafluorostyrene/Poly(ethylene glycol) (p-MMA/nBA/PFS/PEG) Colloidal Dispersions: Synthesis, Film Formation, and Protein Adsorption

A new family of water-dispersible colloidal particles composed of poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate/pentafluorostyrene/poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate) (p-MMA/nBA/PFS/PEG) copolymers w...
Dimensional Reduction: A Practical Formalism for Manipulating Solid Structures

Conceptually, it is not difficult to imagine reaching into a solid structure and carving out just that portion of the framework we desire. Solid-state reactions incorporating an ionic component into a covalent structure have long been recognized as experimental means for accomplishing just such feats. However, the method does not always succeed, and so, in an effort to extend its use in more logical approaches to solid synthesis, we herein provide an assessment of the scope and limitations of the reaction type. Dimensional reduction is set forth as a general formalism describing how the metal−anion (M−X) framework of a parent compound, MXx, is dismantled upon reaction with an ionic reagent AaX to form a child compound AnaMXx+n. The added anions serve to terminate M−X−M bridges, yielding a less tightly connected framework that retains the metal coordination geometry and polyhedron connectivity mode of the original parent structure. In most instances, the connectedness of the ensuing framework can also be p...
Coagulation challenges after severe injury with hemorrhagic shock

During the past 50 years, there have been huge changes in the approach to coagulopathic bleeding following the treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock (HS). Treatment during the 1960s consisted primarily of physiologic saline (balanced electrolyte solution [BES]) and whole blood supported with sodium bicarbonate for acidosis. Subsequent coagulopathy was assumed to be caused by lack of the labile factors (FV and FVIII) which were then replaced by fresh whole blood. The decade of 1970s saw the implementation of component therapy by the American Blood Banking Association so that HS was treated with BES and packed red blood cells (RBC). A new paradigm had to be learned to determine when and how much fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was needed to restore all coagulation factors. By the end of 1970s, most trauma centers were supplementing BES and RBC with FFP in patients with severe injuries requiring massive transfusion of more than one circulating blood volume. By the 1980s, the use of FFP skyrocketed, creating a crisis for the American Blood Banking Association. This led to a National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference which concluded that FFP should be given to only those patients who had a documented coagulopathy as evidenced by a prolongation of the prothrombin time and the partial thromboplastin time. Restriction of FFP replacement to patients with proven coagulopathy after treatment for HS led to postoperative bleeding which was sometimes fatal. During the 1990s, uncontrolled clinical studies and rigorously controlled animal studies showed that FFP should be administered before the onset of proven coagulopathy with prolongation of the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. Later during the 1990s, recombinant-activated factor VII (FVIIa) was purported to provide quicker hemostasis in patients treated with HS. The efficacy of FVIIa supplementation is still being assessed. During the 2010s, the military surgeons promoted the use of a hemostatic regimen which consists of platelets, RBC, and FFP in a 1:1:1 ratio. This recommendation is still being assessed with different authors reporting benefits and detriments. Throughout these years, an unusual entity of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was known to complicate the resuscitation of seriously injured patients with HS. This syndrome was typically seen after treatment of HS and was associated with abnormal bleeding plus respiratory failure and renal failure thought to be caused by a combination of micro- and macrothromboses. The early studies suggested that the best therapy for breaking this viscous cycle of bleeding and intravascular coagulation was by infusing fresh whole blood. The theoretical benefits of administering heparin to prevent the thrombosis and epsilon-aminocaproic acid to enhance lysis have not proven beneficial. DIC is also seen in association with toxic exposures, including snake bites. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid may be beneficial in that setting. Many of the intricate understandings of DIC remain elusive and are still being studied.
Long-wavelength GaAs quantum-well IR detectors: low-temperature performance characteristics

We have fabricated and characterized several GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well infrared detectors at temperatures ranging from 6 K to 77 K. The detectors were designed to have a single bound state in the quantum well and the first excited state in the continuum above the AIGaAs conduction band edge. The difference in energy between the two levels, as determined by the quantum well width and aluminum mole fraction in the barrier, was chosen such that absorption would occur in the 8-14 tm wavelength region. Each detector was characterized by FTIR absorption, dark current, responsivity, spectral noise density, and thermal activation energy measurements. The -maximum observed detectivity is 1 .8 x 1 012 cmIHz/W at ?= 8.3 jim and 6 K.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Color properties and structural phase transition in penta- and hexacoordinate isothiocyanato Ni(II) compounds.

We investigated the optical properties of (NBu{sub 4}){sub 3}[Ni(NCS){sub 5}], a pentacoordinate Ni compound, and compared the results with the more traditional hexacoordinate analogue (NEt{sub 4}){sub 4}[Ni(NCS){sub 6}]. On the basis of our complementary electronic structure calculations, the color properties of this high spin complex can be understood in terms of excitations between strongly hybridized orbitals with significant Ni d and ligand character. Variable temperature vibrational studies show mode softening with decreasing temperature and splitting near 200 K, trends that we attribute to improved low temperature intermolecular interactions and a weak structural phase transition, respectively.
Automated tuning of a closed-loop hand grasp neuroprosthesis

An automated tuning algorithm was developed to reduce the time and skill required to tune a closed-loop hand grasp neuroprosthesis. The time reduction results from simultaneous tuning of four gain parameters controlling the dynamic response of the system, and from automation of the calculation and decision processes. The method is therefore an automated parallel tuning method, replacing a manual sequential method in which only one parameter at a time was tuned. RMS error between the step input and the grasp output is minimized, with absence of oscillation as a constraint. The difference between the system's RMS ramp tracking errors for the two tuning methods was less than 1% of the ramp size regardless of the initial values of the parameters, implying that the tuning methods were equivalent. However, the parallel tuning method was faster and required fewer trials than the sequential method. The capability of the closed-loop system to regulate grasp output in the presence of disturbances was shown to be better than the capability without feedback. >