cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Severe infectious diseases of childhood as monogenic inborn errors of immunity

This paper reviews the developments that have occurred in the field of human genetics of infectious diseases from the second half of the 20th century onward. In particular, it stresses and explains the importance of the recently described monogenic inborn errors of immunity underlying resistance or susceptibility to specific infections. The monogenic component of the genetic theory provides a plausible explanation for the occurrence of severe infectious diseases during primary infection. Over the last 20 y, increasing numbers of life-threatening infectious diseases striking otherwise healthy children, adolescents, and even young adults have been attributed to single-gene inborn errors of immunity. These studies were inspired by seminal but neglected findings in plant and animal infections. Infectious diseases typically manifest as sporadic traits because human genotypes often display incomplete penetrance (most genetically predisposed individuals remain healthy) and variable expressivity (different infections can be allelic at the same locus). Infectious diseases of childhood, once thought to be archetypal environmental diseases, actually may be among the most genetically determined conditions of mankind. This nascent and testable notion has interesting medical and biological implications.
State-of-the-art of laser annealing of Si for FPD applications

SLS is a pulsed-laser-based crystallization technique that can be used to produce low defect-density polycrystalline Si films for high-performance TFTs on glass substrates. In this talk, we will discuss the following topics: (1) Excimer-laser-based SLS manufacturing system from JSW; (2) Roadmap for future SLS manufacturing technology; and (3) Recent advances in SLS research and their implications.
Nathanson, Elizabeth. Television and Postfeminist Housekeeping: No Time for Mother. Routledge Advances in Television Studies (Series)

Elizabeth Nathanson's Television and Postfeminist Housekeeping: No Time for Mother joins a slate of recent studies about representations of “women's work” within a postfeminist TV landscape. Like m...
Abstract 200: Cost-Effectiveness of Newer Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

Background: A number of new anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (SPAF) have gained regulatory approval or are in late-stage development. We sought to conduct a systematic review of economic models of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban for SPAF. Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and Health Technology Assessment database along with the Tuft’s Registry through October 10, 2012. Included models assessed the cost-effectiveness of dabigatran (150mg, 110mg, sequential), rivaroxaban or apixaban for SPAF using a Markov model or discrete event simulation and were published in English. Results: Eighteen models were identified. All models utilized a lone randomized trial (or an indirect comparison utilizing a single study for any given direct comparison), and these trials were clinically and methodologically heterogeneous. Dabigatran 150mg was assessed in 9 of models, dabigatran 110mg in 8, sequential dabigatran in 9, rivaroxaban in 4 and apixaban in 4. Adjusted-dose warfarin (either trial-like, real-world prescribing or genotype-dosed) was a potential first-line therapy in 94% of models. Models were conducted from the perspective of the United States (44%), European countries (39%) and Canada (17%). In base-case analyses, patients typically were at moderate-risk of ischemic stroke, initiated anticoagulation between 65 and 73 years of age, and were followed for or near a lifetime. All models reported cost/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, and while 22% of models reported using a societal perspective, no model included costs of lost productivity. Four models reported an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for a newer anticoagulant (dabigatran 110mg (n=4)/150mg (n=2); rivaroxaban (n=1)) vs. warfarin above commonly reported willingness-to-pay thresholds. ICERs (in 2012US$) vs. warfarin ranged from $3,547-$86,000 for dabigatran 150mg, $20,713-$150,000 for dabigatran 110mg, $4,084-$21,466 for sequentially-dosed dabigatran and $23,065-$57,470 for rivaroxaban. In addition, apixaban was demonstrated to be an economically dominant strategy compared to aspirin and to be dominant or cost-effective ($11,400-$25,059) vs. warfarin. Based on separate indirect treatment comparison meta-analyses, 3 models compared the cost-effectiveness of these new agents and reported conflicting results. Conclusions: Cost-effectiveness models of newer anticoagulants for SPAF have been extensively published. Models have frequently found newer anticoagulants to be cost-effective, but due to the lack of head-to-head trial comparisons and heterogeneity in clinical characteristic of underlying trials and modeling methods, it is currently unclear which of these newer agents is most cost-effective.
Discovery of 6,7-Dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines as Orally Available G Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 Agonists

GPR119 is a 7-transmembrane receptor that is expressed in the enteroendocrine cells in the intestine and in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Indolines and 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines were discovered as G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonists, and lead optimization efforts led to the identification of 1-methylethyl 4-({7-[2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (GSK1104252A) (3), a potent and selective GPR119 agonist. Compound 3 showed excellent pharmacokinetic properties and sufficient selectivity with in vivo studies supporting a role for GPR119 in glucose homeostasis in the rodent. Thus, 3 appeared to modulate the enteroinsular axis, improve glycemic control, and strengthen previous suggestions that GPR119 agonists may have utility in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Ab Initio Potential Energy Surface and Vibrational Energies of H3O+ and Its Isotopomers†

We report a new full dimensional potential energy surface for the hydronium ion (H 3 O + ). This surface is constructed by a least-squares fit of ab initio electronic energies obtained using the CCSD(T) method with an aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, augmented by some calculations using an aug-cc-pVQZ basis set. The calculated inversion barrier is 693 cm - 1 . Full dimensional vibrational calculations are reported using the new surface for H 3 O + , D 3 O + , H 2 DO + , and HD 2 O + using the codes RVIB4 and MULTIMODE. Comparison with all available experimental data on both splittings and vibrational energies shows significant improvement over our previous calculations using the OSS3(p) potential. A number of vibrational band energies and splittings not measured experimentally are reported for D 3 O + , HD 2 O + , and H 2 DO + .
Morphine, pentazocine and naloxone effects on responding under a multiple schedule of reinforcement in rhesus monkeys and pigeons

The effects of morphine, pentazocine, naloxone and combinations of these drugs on schedule-controlled behavior were examined in rhesus monkeys and pigeons. The order of potency in decreasing response rates under a multiple 5-minute fixed-interval, 30-response fixed-ratio schedule in both monkeys and pigeons was morphine greater than pentazocine greater than naloxone. Compared to monkeys, pigeons were less sensitive to morphine and pentazocine and slightly more sensitive to naloxone. In monkeys and pigeons, as the morphine dose increased, higher naloxone doses were required to restore responding to or near control levels. In pigeons, however, the response rate decreases caused by naloxone prevented the complete antagonism of the highest morphine dose and limited the range of naloxone doses over which complete antagonism of morphine occurred. Antagonism of pentazocine by naloxone generally was greatest at the lowest pentazocine dose tested in both monkeys and pigeons. At higher pentazocine doses, if any antagonism was obtained, it was slight, and the amount of antagonism typically did not increase as the naloxone dose increased. Pentazocine generally failed to antagonize morphine in monkeys and pigeons.
The Evolving Roles of the Medical Journal

In addition to disseminating new knowledge, medical journals define the scope of medical concerns and articulate norms for physicians' professional and social roles. The history of NEJM provides a window on the changing functions of journals and the medical profession.
Celiac Disease and Stroke

A 3-year-old girl who presented with recurrent episodes of transient hemiplegia and cerebral infarction was diagnosed with asymptomatic celiac disease in a report from Southampton General Hospital, UK.
Five Years of Hessian Fly Studies in Ohio

Fall plant infestation counts have been made during five years in fields and plats of known dates of sowing. Actual safe sowing dates as they occurred for the same points in northern counties, varied widely during this time. This was apparently due to the difference in intensity of the brood and to meteorological influences. Permanent safe seeding dates are now established, but the entomologists, through surveys, locate the counties where the most intense fall emergence will occur. They, through the county extension service, devote their efforts toward guiding these counties past such an emergency. Parasitism has been high in all flaxseeds passing the summer months above ground. Submerged flaxseeds gave rise to the most of the fall emergence during these years. Parasitism of submerged flaxseeds is limited largely to Platygaster hiemalis Forbes, which deposits its eggs in the fall in the eggs of the host. This parasite has been efficient in killing a high percent of the host larvae developing from eggs deposited during the first wave of emergence of adults, but does not control the host. It is absent in the fields during the visitation of the stragglers of the brood which, in Ohio, is the portion that perpetuates the insect in fields sown near the proper seeding dates.
Optimal Charging of Electric Vehicles for Load Shaping: A Dual-Splitting Framework With Explicit Convergence Bounds

This paper proposes a tailored distributed optimal charging algorithm for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). If controlled properly, large PEV populations can enable high penetration of renewables by balancing loads with intermittent generation. The algorithmic challenges include scalability, computation, uncertainty, and constraints on driver mobility and power-system congestion. This paper addresses computation and communication challenges via a scalable distributed optimal charging algorithm. Specifically, we exploit the mathematical structure of the aggregated charging problem to distribute the optimization program, using duality theory. Explicit bounds of convergence are derived to guide computational requirements. Two variations in the dual-splitting algorithm are also presented, which enable privacy-preserving properties. Constraints on both individual mobility requirements and power-system capacity are also incorporated. We demonstrate the proposed dual-splitting framework on a load-shaping case study for the so-called California “Duck Curve” with mobility data generated from the vehicle-to-grid simulator.
Detection and analysis of rhodopsin mutation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa

Objective To study the correlation between rhodopsin(RHO) mutation and clinical manifestation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa(RP).Methods Polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing were employed to detect point mutations occurring in the complete coding regions and splice sites of RHO gene in 33 probands with RP.Among these patients,there are 5 cases with autosomal dominant RP,8 cases with autosomal recessive RP and 20 sporadic subjects.Fifty normal subjects were collected as control.All subjects were examined clinically by slit-lamp,direct funduscopy,Goldman kinetic perimetry,Humphery threshold perimetry and electroretinogram.Results Assaying sequence showed that 1 sporadic patient was heterozygous for RHO P347L mutation.The code 347 was changed from CCG to CTG.This patient reported night blindness at thirteen years old;Impairment of visual acuity and loss of visual field was relatively severe,rod and cone electroretinogram were not detectable at 46 years old.Funduscope showed optic atrophy,vessel attenuation and a lot of bone spicule-like pigments in retina.Conclusion The patient carrying RHO P347L mutation showed severe clinical characters,and the RHO P347L mutation is responsible for the patient with RP.
Strain and Suicide:an Analysis of 155 Suicide Cases

Objective:To explore the strain experiences by suicides and to test the strain theory of suicide.Methods:A consecutive sample of 155 suicides(91 males and 64 females)aged from 15 to 34 years was studied with the psychological autopsy method.Informants consisted of family members and close friends of the suicides.Suicide stories were composed based on the background information of the suicides and what happened at the suicide site and then content-analyzed and rated by independent judges.Results:All of the victims had experienced at least one type of strain before suicide took place.The sequence of the 4 types of strains beginning with the most frequent one was coping strain,100%;aspiration strain,81%,deprivation strain,72% and value strain,45%.Generally,males experienced more coping strains,especially loss of money or investment than females [(8.85±3.64)vs.(7.72±3.77),(0.35±0.92)vs.(0.09±0.52);Ps0.05],except for the traditionalism and modernity for status of women,religion and atheism [(0.08±0.37)vs.(0.53±0.97),(0.00±0.00)vs.(0.06±0.30);Ps0.05].As age increased,value strain tended to increase(r= 0.16,P=0.048),whereas aspiration strain tended to decrease(r=-0.30,P0.001).Conclusion:With the prevalence of dissonant stresses among suicide victims,it is suggested that crisis intervention and suicide prevention should begin with strain reduction through psychological counseling and therapy.
Matematica ed ideologia: la politica degli infinitesimali

Italian translation by Davide Spagnoli The Mathematical Manuscripts of Karl Marx were translated into Chinese in 1975, at the end of the Cultural Revolution, by two teams of scholars working in China, one in Beijing, the other in Shanghai. The response to these translations by mathematicians, philosophers, and even the public at large, is discussed here, including the role non standard analysis played in the reception of Marx’s ideas in China. Marx’s understanding of the calculus, which he based on the concept of infinitesimal, was given new currency thanks to Abraham Robinson’s theory of nonstandard analysis. How nonstandard analysis was a subject of growing interest among mathematicians, philosopher and logicians in China is also considered, including the first Chinese symposium for nonstandard analysis held in 1978.
Motivations, Roles, Characteristics, and Power: Women Volunteer Leaders on Nonprofit Boards of Directors

MOTIVATIONS, ROLES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND POWER: WOMEN VOLUNTEER LEADERS ON NONPROFIT BOARDS OF DIRECTORS Bridget E. Lyons, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2004 Director: Michael S. Wise, Ed.D Program Head, Recreation, Parks and Sports Management Division of Health, Physical Education and Recreation The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the leadership experiences of woman presidents of nonprofit agencies who are perceived as successful. Recognizing that participants’ descriptions of their leadership experience are both similar and different, those similarities and differences are explored and analyzed. Commitment to the organization’s mission, communicating a vision into action, fostering collaboration, and an adaptable leadership approach all contributed to the success of these female board presidents. A case study design was used to obtain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of women leaders on nonprofit boards of directors. In-depth interviewing, observations with field notes, member checking, and written materials were utilized as
An Array of Descending Visual Interneurons Encoding Self-Motion in Drosophila.

The means by which brains transform sensory information into coherent motor actions is poorly understood. In flies, a relatively small set of descending interneurons are responsible for conveying sensory information and higher-order commands from the brain to motor circuits in the ventral nerve cord. Here, we describe three pairs of genetically identified descending interneurons that integrate information from wide-field visual interneurons and project directly to motor centers controlling flight behavior. We measured the physiological responses of these three cells during flight and found that they respond maximally to visual movement corresponding to rotation around three distinct body axes. After characterizing the tuning properties of an array of nine putative upstream visual interneurons, we show that simple linear combinations of their outputs can predict the responses of the three descending cells. Last, we developed a machine vision-tracking system that allows us to monitor multiple motor systems simultaneously and found that each visual descending interneuron class is correlated with a discrete set of motor programs.
A finite state output-feedback controller for constrained linear systems with quantized output

We propose a finite state output-feedback controller for a class of linear systems with quantized output. We formulate the control objective in terms of constraint satisfaction, and construct a predictive controller that consists of a deterministic finite state machine and a table-lookup. We also present conditions for which this proposed controller is guaranteed to achieve the prescribed objectives.
Impact of Agent Role on Confusion Induction and Learning

The presentation of contradictory information to trigger deeper processing and increase learning has been investigated in a variety of ways (e.g., conversational agents, worked examples). However, the impact of information source (e.g., expertise, gender) and the relationship between the contradicting sources (e.g., status level) has not been investigated to the same degree. We previously reported that confusion can successfully be induced and learning increased when contradictory information was presented by two conversational agents (tutor, peer student). In the present experiment we investigated contradictions posed by two peer student agents. Self-reports of confusion and learner responses to embedded forced-choice questions revealed that the contradictions still successfully induced confusion. There were, however, differences in the nature of confusion induction based on the inter-agent relationship (i.e., student-student vs. tutor-student). Learners performed better on transfer tasks when presented with contradictions compared to a no-contradiction control, but only when they were successfully confused.
Evaluation of New Sweet Corn Herbicides

Current weed control recommendations rely heavily on the use of multiple herbicide groups for broad spectrum weed control and preventing development of herbicide resistant weeds. Sweet corn growers, as compared with other specialty crop growers, are fortunate in this regard as they have a fairly diverse and growing list of herbicides from which to choose. Recently, the herbicides Acuron and Acuron Flexi from Syngenta, Anthem and Anthem Maxx from FMC, and Revulon Q from Dupont were approved for use in sweet corn. Ingredients in these products represent five different herbicide groups (HG). The purpose of this trial was to evaluate these new herbicides for sweet corn crop safety and weed control effectiveness to provide information on how they might best fit in a weed control program.
Comparison of primary compliance in electronic versus paper prescriptions prescribed from the emergency department.

Author(s): Andrusaitis, Jessica Gwynne | Advisor(s): Greenfield, Sheldon | Abstract: The Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act passed by Congress in 2008 has changed prescribing practices in the United States. Electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions) have now become the most widely used form of prescriptions. The government in fact financially discourages the use of the older more traditional paper prescriptions. Many emergency medicine physicians fear that this blanket policy is not in the best interests of their unique patient population. It is the belief of many of these physicians that emergency patients are more likely to fill paper prescriptions than e-prescriptions. This theory is predicated on the knowledge that many emergency patients are less established in the system and their visits are frequently rushed, chaotic, and unplanned. For these reasons, the e-prescription system is not ideal for them and the theorized consequence is that many e-prescriptions go unfilled, leaving patients to go untreated. A retrospective analysis was conducted at the emergency department of the University of California, Irvine Medical Center to identify insured adult patients who were given a non-controlled substance prescription in either the paper or electronic form. Pharmacy claim data to insurances was used to determine whether these prescriptions were filled. 405 encounters were included, 218 of which included e-prescriptions and 187 of which included paper prescriptions. Our findings showed that paper prescriptions are filled at the same rate as electronic prescriptions (58.3% versus 57.8% p=1). These results were surprising as they contradicted what many physicians believe is the situation. More studies are needed in order to be able to broaden these results to the entire emergency medicine patient population, but these results may begin to alter prescription practices in emergency medicine.
Pathophysiology of colonic motility disorders.

Motility disorders that involve the colon are among the most common problems seen by the primary care physician, and lead frequently to an assessment by the abdominal surgeon. Although a diet low in fiber may be a contributing factor in many of these disorders, various abnormalities underlying neurochemical control and motility patterns have been described. To date, our understanding of the pathophysiology of many these conditions is far from complete, with often conflicting findings for the same disease. In some areas, particularly constipation, insight into the underlying disease mechanism has facilitated a more rational approach to evaluation and treatment. It is hoped that as progress is made in the understanding of these disorders, better therapeutic approaches to many of these conditions may become available.
Policy Implications of Attachment Processes in Adulthood: Caregiving and Family Preservation

Attachment theory originated from Bowlby’s (1969/1982) clinical observations about the real life experiences of institutionalized children, and the initial policy changes that emerged out of his concerns focused on improving child care (Rutter, 2008). In collaboration with his social work colleague, John Robertson, Bowlby’s early work had major impact on public health when his analysis of Robertson’s films of hospitalized children was presented to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1951. Public policy was eventually altered in response to the presentation’s emphasis on the negative reactions of children separated from parents for medical treatment or residential care (Bowlby, 1951; Robertson & Robertson, 1971). Subsequent attachment research has continued to influence the development of child welfare policies over the past half century (Rutter, 2008), and primary focus has remained on the needs of children. Little attention has been given to the attachment needs of adults, yet all family policies inevitably affect the emotional well-being and attachment systems of adults as well. This chapter highlights the interface of attachment and current social welfare policies from the standpoint of adults.
Abelian invariants of satellite knots

A knot in S 3 whose complement contains an essential** torus is called a satellite knot. In this paper we discuss algebraic invariants of satellite knots, giving short proofs of some known results as well as new results. To each essential torus in the complement of an oriented satellite knot S , one may associate two oriented knots C and E (the companion and embellishment) and an integer w (the winding number). These are defined precisely below. In the late forties, Seifert [S] showed how to compute the Alexander polynomial of S in terms of w and the polynomials of C and E . Implicit in his work is a description of the Alexander module of S . Shinohara [SI,$2] recovered Seifert's results and computed the signature of S using an illuminating description of the infinite cyclic cover M S of S (recalled in ~I below as built up out of the covers of C and E . This description of M S is in essence also due to Seifert ([S] pp. 25, 28). Using it, Kearton [K] stated (without proof) various properties of the Blanchfield palring of S , and deduced a formula for the p-signatures of S (obtained independently by Litherland [L] from a 4-dimensional viewpoint). In §2 we give a complete description of the Blanchfield pairing of S . It depends only on w and the Blanchfield pairings of C and E . (In contrast S cannot be recovered from w , C and E .) In theory one may then compute all the abelian invariants of S from w and the associated invariants of C and E , as the Blanchfield pairing of a knot determines its Seifert form [T2]. This seems difficult in practice however, and so it is appropriate to give more direct computations using the description of M S This is done in §3 for the quadratic form of S , which recovers Shinohara's computation of the signature and gives a formula for the rational Witt invariants of S .
Children’s preference for real activities: Even stronger in the Montessori Children’s House

In the United States, children are often given the opportunity to engage in pretend activities; many believe this kind of play benefits children’s development. Recent research has shown, though, that when children ages 4 to 6 are given a choice to do the pretend or the real version of 9 different activities, they would prefer the real one. The reasons children gave for preferring real activities often concerned their appreciation of the functionality; when children did prefer pretend activities, their reasons often cited being afraid of, not allowed to, or unable to do the real activity. Given that children in Montessori classrooms have more experience performing real, functional activities, in this study we asked if this preference for real activities is even stronger among children in Montessori schools. We also asked children to explain their preferences. The data are from 116 3- to 6-year-old children (M = 59.63 months, SD = 12.08 months; 68 female): 62 not in Montessori schools and 54 in Montessori schools. Children explained their preferences for pretendand real versions of 9 different activities. Children in Montessori schools preferred real activities even more than did children in other preschools, but all children explained their choices in similar ways. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to play in preschool classrooms.
Comprehensive Analysis of Smart Beams

This paper introduces a comprehensive analysis tool and framework for studying the structural dynamic and aeroelastic behavior of smart beams. It includes the theory behind the components of this c...
Physiological changes and growth of micropropagated chile ancho pepper plantlets during acclimatization and post-acclimatization

Little is known about physiological changes that occur with micropropagated chile ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) plantlets during acclimatization. Plantlets were transferred to ex vitro conditions to study selected physiological changes and growth performance during acclimatization and post-acclimatization. The physiology of the plantlets was characterized by measuring leaf gas exchange and water status. Plant growth was determined by assessing plant height, leaf number, total leaf area, relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf, root, and stem dry matter (DM). Chile pepper plantlets became acclimatized within 6 days after transplantation. During this period, physiological adjustments occurred, which were critical for plantlet survival. After initial ex vitro transplanting, plantlets experienced water deficit [leaf wilting and reduced relative water content (RWC)], which corresponded with reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E), and an increase in stomatal resistance (rs). Thus, leaf stomata that developed in vitro were functional ex vitro. Because of this stomatal control, plantlets minimized transplant shock, recovered and survived. Prior to transplanting, plantlets were photomixotrophic, as indicated by low photosynthetic rates (A). During acclimatization, RWC, gs, E, and A were significantly lower two days after transplanting. However, within 6 days after transplanting, plantlets recovered and became photoautotrophic – attaining high A, gs, and E. Water use efficiency was initially low during the first days after transplanting, but increased dramatically at the end of the acclimatization period in part due to increased A. The stabilization and improvement of plantlet water status and gas exchange during acclimatization and post-acclimatization closely correlated with increased plantlet growth.
A retrospective study of dose-dense adjuvant paclitaxel without G-CSF support in patients with breast cancer.

e20547 Background: Dose dense AC (Adriamycin plus Cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel (Pac) given every 2 weeks with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating factor (G-CSF) support remains the standard ...
Dative Arguments in Turkish: Caused Experiencers versus Applicatives

This paper investigates a type of construction in Turkish which is similar to Ingason's (2016) "caused experience" construction in Icelandic. The study draws a distinction between experiencers and applicatives through an investigation of novel data, and contends that these two arguments occupy distinct syntactic positions in the structure. The caused experiencers in Turkish are introduced by the syntactic head Aff(ect) of Bosse and Bruening (2011); Bosse et al. (2012), whereas applicatives are introduced by the Applicative head (Pylkkanen, 2008). The proposal also captures the at-issue meaning of the sentence as well as not-at-issue meaning (an implicature) of the sentence.
Severe Essential Tremor: Illustrative Videos.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) can be profoundly disabling in severe cases; however, such cases may not often be encountered by general practitioners, primary care physicians, or general neurologists, leading to misdiagnosis. Phenomenology shown: Severe kinetic, postural, and intention tremors in patients with ET. Educational value: To provide visual examples of severe, long-standing ET for general practitioners, primary care clinicians, and general neurologists.
Deep learning Using Physically-Informed Input Data for Wetland Identification

Abstract Automated and accurate wetland identification algorithms are increasingly important for wetland conservation and environmental planning. Deep learning for wetland identification is an emerging field that shows promise for advancing these efforts. Deep learning is unique to traditional machine learning techniques for its ability to consider the spatial context of object characteristics within a landscape scene. However, applying deep learning typically requires very large datasets for training the algorithms, which limits their application for many environmental applications including wetland identification. Using four study sites across Virginia with field delineated wetlands, we provide insight into the potential for deep learning for wetland detection from limited, but typical, wetland delineation training data. Our proposed workflow performs a wetland semantic segmentation using DeepNets, a deep learning architecture for remote sensing data, and an input dataset consisting of high-resolution topographic indices and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Results show that models trained and evaluated for a single site were able to achieve high accuracy (up to 91% recall and 56% precision) and similar accuracy can be obtained for models trained across multiple sites (up to 91% recall and 57% precision). Through this analysis we found that, across all sites, input data configurations taking advantage of hydrologic properties derived from elevation data consistently outperformed models using the elevation data directly, showing the benefit of physically-informed inputs in deep learning training for wetland identification. By refining the wetland identification workflow presented in this paper and collecting additional training data across landscapes, there is potential for deep learning algorithms to support a range wetland conservation efforts.
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Efficacy Against Fusarium oxysporum Is Affected by Soil Temperature, Amendment Type, Rate, and C:N Ratio.

A meta-analysis of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was conducted emphasizing effects of environment and organic amendment...
HIV Testing and Awareness of Partner's HIV Status Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men in Main Partnerships

Many men who have sex with men (MSM) do not use condoms with their main partners, especially if both parties are of the same HIV status. However, significant proportions of MSM have never tested or recently tested and are unaware of their main partners’ HIV status. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 524 MSM in Jiangsu, China in 2013–2014. Time-location sampling and online convenience sampling were used to recruit participants. We compared awareness of HIV status and recent HIV testing between participants who had main partners versus those who did not, and identified factors associated with recent HIV testing among men in main partnerships. Participants in main partnerships were significantly more likely to report recent HIV testing and being HIV-negative instead of HIV-unknown compared to participants in casual partnerships only. Overall, 74.5 % of participants were aware of their main partners’ HIV status. Among participants in main partnerships, those who had 2–5 male anal sex partners in the past 6 months and those who reported that their partners were HIV-negative had 2.36 (95 % CI 1.12, 4.97) and 4.20 (95 % CI 2.03, 8.70) fold greater odds of being tested in the past year compared to those who had main partners only and those whose partners were HIV-positive/unknown, respectively. Chinese MSM in main partnerships might be practicing serosorting and may be at lower risk for HIV infection due to increased awareness of main partners’ HIV status and higher uptake of recent testing.
A tunable Marchand balun at K band in silicon germanium (SiGe) technology

This paper presents the design of a switch-based, tunable Marchand balun at K band. The tunability is achieved by using pass gate CMOS structures that ideally switch in or out sections of the balun, thereby controlling its frequency response. The balun is fabricated in a high performance SiGe BiCMOS process with standard 180 nm CMOS technology. The ability to tune the response across a frequency range is demonstrated. The balun is characterized in terms of mixed signal scattering parameters. Extensive layout and simulations have been executed. The authors believe this is the first demonstration of a tunable balun using pass gate structures to change the lengths of the balun windings in the high region of the microwave range.
Computer Assisted Instruction to Teach Item Selection in Grocery Stores: An Assessment of Acquisition and Generalization:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a computer-based program designed to increase percentage of correct match to sample discrimination tasks and generalization of the ski...
On the use of prime implicates in conformant planning

The paper presents an investigation of the use of two alternative forms of CNF formulae—prime implicates and minimal CNF—to compactly represent belief states in the context of conformant planning. For each representation, we define a transition function for computing the successor belief state resulting from the execution of an action in a belief state; results concerning soundness and completeness are provided. The paper describes a system (PIP) which dynamically selects either of these two forms to represent belief states, and an experimental evaluation of PIP against state-of-the-art conformant planners. The results show that PIP has the potential of scaling up better than other planners in problems rich in disjunctive information about the initial state.
Purification by oligo(dT)-cellulose of viral-specific RNA from sarcoma virus-transformed mammalian nonproducer cells.

Abstract Viral-specific RNA has been purified by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography from sarcoma virus-transformed nonproducer cells. This RNA comprises approximately 3% of the purified RNA, as judged by RNA-DNA hybridization.
Older Workers: Understanding, Reaching And Using This Important Labor Resource Effectively In The Hospitality Industry:

Demographic changes are significantly impacting labor availability within the hospitality industry. Older persons are being considered as a labor resource in spite of myths associated with older workers. Although older persons can enhance the work force, their participation is not without a price. Considerable modification of the work environment, employment practices and policies, and retirement policies will be required. The implementation of innovative part-time schedules, creation of a work environment free from age bias, and development of comprehensive benefit packages for part-time employees are key factors for effective employment of older persons.
Tp53-Associated Growth Arrest and DNA Damage Repair Gene Expression Is Attenuated in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Rats Fed Whey Proteins

Dietary protection from mammary cancer is likely coordinated through multiple signaling pathways, based on the known heterogeneity of the disease and the distinct origins of mammary tumor cells. The present study examined the modulatory effects of dietary intake of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) relative to casein (CAS), on mammary epithelial cell resistance to endogenous DNA damage using Tp53 gene expression and signaling as a read-out, and on systemic proapoptotic and immune surveillance activity, in young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were fed AIN-93G diets made with CAS or WPH as the sole protein source beginning at gestation d 4. At postnatal day (PND) 50, mammary glands of rats fed WPH had lower levels of activated Tp53 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins, and reduced transcript levels for Tp53-associated DNA damage repair, growth arrest, and proapoptotic genes than those of CAS-fed rats. Serum from WPH-fed rats had greater apoptotic activity in MCF-7 tumor cells than that from rats fed CAS. Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were higher in WPH- than in CAS-fed rats. MCF-7 cells treated with CAS serum + recombinant rat MCP-1 had apoptotic activity and Tp53 and p21 gene expression levels comparable to those treated with WPH serum or recombinant MCP-1. Results indicate that mammary glands of rats fed a WPH diet are more protected from endogenous DNA damage than are those of CAS-fed rats, and identify MCP-1 as a potential serum biomarker for the positive effects of healthy diets.
Lymphangioma presenting as congenital stridor

Lymphangiomas are uncommon benign congenital malformations of the lymphatic system which usually present as neck masses in early childhood [2,4]. It is unclear whether these lesions represent congenital developmental malformations, hamartomas, vascular defects or neoplasms [31. Laryngeal lymphangiomas have only rarely been reported. Laryngeal involvement usually presents in later infancy or childhood, and is almost always associated with the presence of a neck mass or tongue lesions which cause macroglossia [8,14]. The following case report describes a neonate with laryngeal lymphangioma who presented with congenital inspiratory stridor without an obvious neck mass or dysphagia.
The determination of errors in polarized neutron diffractometry

Abstract The polarized neutron method of determining the magnetic form factor of magnetic materials is examined in detail with special attention given to the way in which statistical errors are propagated. Because of the nonlinear relation between the polarizing efficiency of a crystal and the magnetic scattering length, the usual methods of linear error theory will not work. However, this difficulty can be circumvented by using the nonlinear formulas directly. The statistical error analysis is applied to the practical problem of how long one should count on a particular Bragg peak. This time will depend on the ratio of the magnetic to the nuclear scattering lengths, p b , and on the accuracy with which the beam polarizations and flipping efficiencies have been determined.
Transition metal catalyzed cationic polymerizations

Certain complexes of platinum, rhodium, iridium and cobalt are capable of initiating cationic vinyl and ring-opening polymerizations in the presence of a Si-H containing cocatalyst. An investigation has shown that two distinctly different mechanisms are involved, however, in both cases cationic polymerization can be explained by the formal attack of an electrophilic silicon species on the monomers. Since the transition metal complexes listed above also are catalysts for hydrosilation reactions, it is possible to carry out simultaneous cationic polymerizations and hydrosilation reactions to prepare novel and interesting polymers and oligomers.
Investigation of the mechanism of ARFI-based Color Doppler feedback of histotripsy tissue fractionation

Histotripsy controls cavitating bubble clouds to fractionate tissue using high pressure ultrasound pulses. Over the histotripsy treatment, the tissue is increasingly fractionated and eventually liquefied. This process can be monitored in real time using color Doppler synchronized with histotripsy pulses, but the mechanism is not fully understood. We hypothesize that there are two motion phases after each histotripsy pulse: 1) chaotic motion due to cavitation followed by 2) coherent motion induced by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) from the histotripsy pulse. By delaying the Doppler acquisition after the chaotic motion phase, color Doppler can be used to detect the ARFI-induced motion in the treatment tissue, providing real-time feedback for histotripsy tissue fractionation. The residual nuclei from cavitation can persist after the collapse to provide strong acoustic scatterers for Doppler. An agarose tissue phantom was treated with 2-cycle pulses at > 30 MPa using a 500 kHz phased array transducer. Ultrasound acquisitions and high-speed optical images were acquired for 19 ms after every 10th therapy pulse to estimate the motion of the residual cavitation nuclei (the only scatterers in the phantom). PIV and Doppler results showed a brief period of chaotic motion (0.5-2.0 ms depending on the fractionation level) followed by coherent motion first moving away from the transducer (3-6 ms) and then rebounding back (up to 19 ms). Over the course of the treatment in both phantom and ex vivo porcine liver, the duration of the push and rebound increased with increasing number of therapy pulses, and eventually peaked. Using an appropriate delay between the Doppler and the histotripsy pulse to monitor the ARFI motion, the Doppler velocity increased with the number of therapy pulses and peaked, likely when the tissue was liquefied. The results support our hypothesis that appropriately timed color Doppler can measure the coherent ARFI-induced motion in the tissue treated with histotripsy without cavitation inference, providing real-time therapy feedback.
NSF director says “Use it or lose it”

Director Neal Lane shared his excitement for scientific progress and discovery when he discussed his recent experience during the Alvin submersible dive off Catalina. The quoted material below is taken from comments he made during his presentation of the National Science Foundation budget at a meeting held on March 19, 1996, just 2 days after the Alvin dive.
Spin waves in static non-periodic magnetic structures

Abstract We have studied the propagation of spin waves in a number of static non-periodic magnetic structures. We have established that (1) a ferromagnetic spin wave can ride over a domain wall with little reflection if its wavelength is less than twice the thickness of the wall; (2) in a ferromagnet with a set of parallel but irregularly spaced domain walls the spin wave linewidth is determined by the product of the scattering strength of the walls and the degree of randomness of the wall spacings; and (3) spin waves of rather narrow linewidths can exist in continuously varying irregular spin structures.
Assessment of Risk Factors for 30-Day Hospital Readmission After Surgical Cytoreduction in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma

Objective: To evaluate factors that place epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients at increased risk for hospital readmission. Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with EOC undergoing surgical cytoreduction at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from 2001 to 2008 was performed. Patients who required readmission were identified. Demographic data, comorbidities, surgical data including bowel resections, and hospital length of stay were evaluated. Results: A total of 207 patients were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 32-89 years), 58% had optimal debulking (n = 120), and the mean number of comorbidities was 1.3 (range, 0-6). Readmission within 30 days of discharge occurred in 33 (16%) of 207 patients. The readmission group had a statistically higher number of comorbidities (1.75 vs 1.01, P = 0.025). The most common reasons for readmission were small bowel obstruction/ileus, wound complications, and thromboembolic events. Conclusions: The most common reason for readmission after cytoreductive surgery for EOC is small bowel obstruction/ileus. Studies assessing postoperative disease management programs including nursing telephone follow-up, administration of outpatient intravenous fluids, and continuation of antithrombotic agents may offer opportunities to reduce readmissions.