cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of immediate complete dentures on tooth eruption and jaw development.

Abstract Dental treatment of a 4-year-old boy included the extraction of all deciduous teeth and construction of immediate complete dentures to serve until the permanent teeth erupted. Important findings from follow-up examinations of this patient follow. 1. 1. The patient, at this young age, tolerated and accepted the complete dentures very satisfactorily. 2. 2. The absence of the primary dentition apparently did not affect the eruption and positioning of the permanent teeth. 3. 3. During the 3 year edentulous period, the general growth pattern of the facial components was within normal limits. 4. 4. By the end of the edentulous period, the maxillae and mandible demonstrated deficiency in their growth in the vertical plane. 5. 5. By the end of the edentulous period, the mandible appeared to be in a prognathic relationship and longer anteroposteriorly when compared to the standard composite for the same age group.
Health Focused Psychotherapy In Treating a Dual Diagnosed Patient

Health-focused psychotherapy offers a contemporary model used in assessment, treatment planning and evaluation in addressing patients with both medical and psychiatric diagnoses. Clinicians in the health and mental health disciplines must know and understand the importance of standards of care and models of intervention and evaluation in clinical practice for this type of patient. Examined is the use of a specific model providing a tailored orientation to patient education, along with the development and use of a clinical algorithm and care pathway for clinical practice. Provided is a case study for applying the development and use of a clinical algorithm and care pathway for a dual diagnosed patient receiving health-focused psychotherapy.
Mechanisms and genetics of antipsychotic-associated weight gain.

Antipsychotic medications, which comprise one of the most widely prescribed medication classes, have proven effective in many psychiatric conditions. However, these agents can also be associated with obesity and other metabolic abnormalities, the mechanisms of which have been partially elucidated. We review here the current state of knowledge of the effects of these medications on weight and appetite, as well as genetic markers that may help predict weight gain and prevent the undesirable cardiometabolic effects of these agents. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011) 90 1, 179–183. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.97
Kinetic energy enhanced molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si{100}

Abstract For kinetic energy enhanced molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si{100} we show that there are direct mechanisms of dimer opening, i.e. unreconstruction, that lead to epitaxial growth. These unreconstructions occur on the femtosecond timescale rather than requiring the long times associated with surface diffusion. The opening energy range to be 5–10 eV.
17α-ethinylestradiol Transformation via Abiotic Nitration in the Presence of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria

Impacts of trace concentrations of estrogens on aquatic ecosystems are a serious environmental concern, with their primary source being wastewater treatment facility effluents. Increased removal of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been reported for activated sludge treatment with long enough solids retention time for nitrification. Previous work based on batch tests with Nitrosomonas europaea and nitrifying activated sludge at high EE2 concentrations (>300 000 ng/L) and high NH4—N concentrations (>200 mg/L) has led to the hypothesis that ammonia oxidizing bacteria cometabolically degrade EE2. This work investigated EE2 transformation with N. europaea and Nitrosospira multiformis at environmentally relevant EE2 concentrations and LC-MS-MS to observe transformation products. Degradation of EE2 was not observed in batch tests with no NH4—N addition or with 10 mg/L NH4—N fed daily. At increased NH4−N concentrations (200−500 mg/L) EE2 transformation was observed, but the only detected products were nitrated EE2....
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in an intensive care nursery: potential for interinstitutional spread.

Background After surveillance surveys documented the absence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in our intensive care nursery, an outbreak of MRSA infection occurred there during a 7-month period in 2005. Methods Control measures included reinforcement of hand hygiene and contact precautions procedures. Active surveillance cultures were obtained on all neonates, including interinstitutional transfers. A cohort unit was dedicated exclusively for neonates with MRSA. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed on isolates to determine relatedness. We surveyed transferring hospitals to evaluate MRSA activity and surveillance practices in their nurseries. Results Twenty-five neonates were colonized with MRSA; 9 of these had clinical infections. Isolates from 18 of 21 neonates from this outbreak and 4 neonates from a previous cluster were identical, including 1 isolate obtained upon transfer from another institution. Admission and discharge logs from a 9-month period showed that 127 of 460 admissions (27.6%) were admitted from 34 hospitals, and 247 of 460 (53.7%) were discharged to 32 hospitals. Among 30 transferring hospitals responding to our survey, MRSA activity occurred in 2 of 28 (7%) level 1 nurseries, 4 of 11 (36%) level 2 nurseries and 6 of 10 (60%) level 3 nurseries. Nine of the 30 hospitals (30%) performed some active surveillance. Conclusions Interinstitutional transfer can play a role in the initiation and propagation of MRSA outbreaks in neonatal nurseries. The burden of MRSA in area nurseries and the rate of transfers affect the potential for interhospital spread of MRSA and may justify changes in policy regarding surveillance for MRSA and communication between hospitals.
PHARMACOLOGIC ADJUNCTS TO MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Acute or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was first described in the 1960s 7 and was recently reviewed. 101 The medical treatment of this syndrome has been largely directed at ventilatory and general supportive care. The recent slight reduction in the historic 50% mortality rate for ARDS has been attributed to advances in respiratory care. 102 In this article, pharmacologic attempts at mitigating the severity of presentation or preventing the development of ARDS are discussed. Specifically, clinical trials examining the therapeutic effects of ketoconazole, antioxidants, corticosteroids, surfactant, ketanserin, pentoxifylline, bronchodilators, and almitrine on the development or manifestation of ARDS are reviewed. Further aspects of current animal data, basic science, proposed mechanism of actions, and supporting clinical trials are critically reviewed. Pulmonary vasodilators, (i.e., prostacyclin and prostaglandin E 1 ), inhaled nitric oxide, new techniques for ventilation, extracorporeal approaches to the removal of carbon dioxide and the supplementation of oxygen, and techniques in which partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbons are used are covered in other articles in this publication.
Evaluating Impact of Pavement Condition Sampling Advances on Life-Cycle Management

Over the past two decades, several new nondestructive technologies have been developed and applied in collecting raw condition data and processing them to produce useful condition input to infrastructure inspection, maintenance, and rehabilitation (IM&R) decision making aimed at minimizing expected total life-cycle cost. Such advances initially motivated the quantification of condition measurement uncertainty and the incorporation of this uncertainty in decision making. Following this development, the spatial variation of condition has been quantified and has led to the recent extension of decision-making methods to take into account sampling uncertainty and determine the optimal sample size, along with the other IM&R activities. In this paper, the evaluation of the contributions of the condition sampling-related advances to improved decision making is presented. An evaluation methodology is developed and subsequently applied to a realistic example facility. The methodology is based on comparing decision-...
Spinal inputs to the ventral dendrite of the teleost Mauthner cell

Abstract Ascending excitatory inputs from the periphery to the ventral dendrite of the goldfish Mauthner (M)-cell are characterized in this report. Direct stimulation of the spinal cord, at strengths suprathreshold for antidromic activation of the M-axon, evoked a graded excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in the distal ventral dendrite of the cell. This localization was demonstrated by multiple intracellular recordings from the soma and dendritic loci. The EPSP had a relatively long latency (mean= 3.6ms) and contained multiple components. Furthermore, the EPSP amplitudes were extremely sensitive to frequency, being reduced by more than 50% at frequencies of 1–2 Hz and maximal with interstimulus intervals of 30–60s. The spinal input is, therefore, likely to be mediated by a polysynaptic pathway. Direct stimulation of the skin surface evoked similar EPSPs, in terms of latency, wave form, graded nature, frequency dependence and spatial distribution on the M-cell ventral dendrite. Thus, the spinal cord and skin inputs probably relay somatosensory information from the trunk to the M-cell ventral dendrite. This notion was further confirmed by an interaction study of the EPSPs evoked from the two sites. We also report that the ventral dendrite does not support active spike electrogenesis, as indicated by the spatial profile of the M-cell antidromic impulse amplitude.
Anterior segment complications secondary to continuous positive airway pressure machine treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder that, when left untreated, can have serious complications, mainly cardiovascular. OSA is commonly treated with a continuous positive airflow pressure (CPAP) machine. Patients using CPAPs routinely complain of dryness of the nose and eyes. Cases Case 1: A keratoconic woman, wearing gas-permeable lenses began therapy with a CPAP, and vascularized limbal keratitis (VLK) developed. She now wears soft lenses, compromising visual acuity, but preventing the VLK. Case 2: A man with 20/20 visual acuity in the right eye (O.D.) and hand motion in the left eye (O.S.), presented with recurring corneal ulcers O.D. after starting treatment with a CPAP. Case 3: A man with pellucid degeneration started using a CPAP, which increased his complaint of dryness with his lenses. He subsequently had 2 occurrences of bacterial conjunctivitis. Conclusion It is unclear if the complications seen in these cases come from leakage of air into the eyes causing drying, from bacteria trapped under the mask being forced up into the eyes, or from air passing from the nose into the eye via the nasolacrimal duct. In the care of these patients, being aware of complications, suggesting nighttime lubricants, and knowing the alternatives to CPAP could help maintain ocular health and successful lens wear.
Technology in the Classroom: Using Skype for Exciting Projects

Envision walking into a 6th-grade classroom in the United States where a teacher assigns students to write a list of questions to ask of students in a class in Tokyo. One day later, after the Ameri...
Enhancement of Tc induced by twin-boundary effect in YBa2Cu3O7−x

Abstract In this paper we discuss the twin-boundary effect in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x . It is pointed out that exciton can be formed on the twin boundaries and thus enhance T c in the vicinity of the boudaries.
Better Than Expected: Improvements in Borderline Personality Disorder in a 3-Year Prospective Outcome Study

We report on the symptomatic outcome, predictors of outcome, and different courses of change in a 3-year prospective, naturalistic study of 37 female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Results show significant improvements in several areas and no significant deterioration. Most patients showed a course of erratic improvement, and only a few showed decline over time. The main baseline predictors of good 3-year outcome were low obsessiveness and phobia symptoms. Results from the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) in this study, like five prior studies, demonstrate that by 3 years BPD patients can be expected to move from a poor to a fair level of functioning. It is suggested that over a 3-year period, improvements may be expected from BPD patients. Prior reports of poor short-term outcome may have been the result of different diagnostic criteria and outcome measurement. Limitations of this study and the need for tentative interpretation of its results are also discussed.
Abstract 5649: Highly synergistic anti-tumor efficacy induced by the combination of two natural dietary agents, luteolin and EGCG: Role of p53 phosphorylation, stabilization and translocation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Natural dietary agents have drawn a great deal of attention for cancer prevention and therapy because of their wide safety margin and easy availability. However, single agent intervention has failed to bring the expected outcome in clinical trials in many instances; therefore, combinations of chemopreventive agents are gaining increasing attention. In the present study, we have investigated a combinatorial approach using two natural dietary polyphenols, luteolin and EGCG, and found that combination of the two compounds at low doses (at which almost no apoptosis was observed after single agent treatment) tremendously increased apoptosis (50-70%) in both head and neck and lung cancer cell lines (a panel of 11 cell lines tested). This combination also significantly inhibited growth of head and neck cancer Tu212 and lung cancer A549 xenografts as compared with either of the single agents (P value 50%) as evidenced by decreased PARP and caspase 3 cleavage. Moreover, we found more efficient stabilization and phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 by the combination as compared with either single agent, particularly when the basal p53 levels were low. In addition, we observed mitochondrial translocation of p53 after treatment with luteolin or the combination of EGCG and luteolin. Taken together, our results, for the first time, suggest that combination of luteolin and EGCG has synergistic/additive growth inhibitory effects both in vitro and in vivo via a p53-dependent pathway and will provide an important rationale for chemoprevention or treatment trials using this combination. This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute award 5 P50 CA128613 SPORE in Head and Neck Cancer (ARA, JCB, TM, FRK, ZGC and DMS). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5649.
Guanidinium-rich, glycerol-derived oligocarbonates: a new class of cell-penetrating molecular transporters that complex, deliver, and release siRNA.

A highly versatile and step-economical route to a new class of guanidinium-rich molecular transporters and evaluation of their ability to complex, deliver, and release siRNA are described. These new drug/probe delivery systems are prepared in only two steps, irrespective of length or composition, using an organocatalytic ring-opening co-oligomerization of glycerol-derived cyclic carbonate monomers incorporating either protected guanidine or lipid side chains. The resultant amphipathic co-oligomers are highly effective vehicles for siRNA delivery, providing an excellent level of target protein suppression (>85%). These new oligocarbonates are nontoxic at levels required for cell penetration and can be tuned for particle size. Relative to the previously reported methyl(trimethylene)carbonate (MTC) scaffold, the ether linkage at C2 in the new transporters markedly enhances the stability of the siRNA/co-oligomer complexes. Both hybrid co-oligomers, containing a mixture of glycerol- and MTC-derived monomers, a...
Developmental neurotoxicity screening using human embryonic stem cells.

Research in the area of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, along with neuroscience, will further our understanding of drug-induced death of neurons during their development. With development of an in vitro model of stem cell-derived human neural cell lines investigators can, under control conditions and during intense neuronal growth, examine molecular mechanisms of various drugs and conditions on early developmental neuroapoptosis in humans. If the use of this model will lead to fewer risks, or identification of drugs and anesthetics that are less likely to cause the death of neurons, this approach will be a major stride toward assuring the safety of drugs during the brain development. The ultimate goal would be not only to find the trigger for the catastrophic chain of events, but also to prevent neuronal cell death itself.
Geometric hashing and object recognition

We discuss a new geometric hashing method for searching large databases of 2D images (or 3D objects) to match a query built from geometric information presented by a single 3D object (or single 2D image). The goal is to rapidly determine a small subset of the images that potentially contain a view of the given object (or a small set of objects that potentially match the item in the image). Since this must be accomplished independent of the pose of the object, the objects and images, which are characterized by configurations of geometric features such as points, lines and/or conics, must be treated using a viewpoint invariant formulation. We are therefore forced to characterize these configurations in terms of their 3D and 2D geometric invariants. The crucial relationship between the 3D geometry and its 'residual' in 2D is expressible as a correspondence (in the sense of algebraic geometry). Computing a set of generating equations for the ideal of this correspondence gives a complete characterization of the view of independent relationships between an object and all of its possible images. Once a set of generators is in hand, it can be used to devise efficient recognition algorithms and to give an efficient geometric hashing scheme. This requires exploiting the form and symmetry of the equations. The result is a multidimensional access scheme whose efficiency we examine. Several potential directions for improving this scheme are also discussed. Finally, in a brief appendix, we discuss an alternative approach to invariants for generalized perspective that replaces the standard invariants by a subvariety of a Grassmannian. The advantage of this is that one can circumvent many annoying general position assumptions and arrive at invariant equations (in the Plucker coordinates) that are more numerically robust in applications.
A climatological consideration of the transference of agricultural technology

Abstract The adoption of a farming system is successful only if it is ecologically viable and economically profitable. Standard climatic classifications are of little use in delineating ecological limits of various crops. Several procedures are cited to illustrate the complexity of the problem. Crop yields are determined by both the photosynthetic process and the phenological development of a crop and can be related to the energy budget and water balance. Several formulas for estimating maximum crop yields are discussed. In general, crop response to fertilizer application is reduced in areas of low climatic yield potential.
Construction of a large superconducting spectrometer dipole magnet with negative curvature

The construction of a large superconducting dipole magnet with a negative curvature side is described. The cryostable coils consist of 350 turns each and operate at 500 A. Support links which support the coil and minimize bobbin deflections have been built and tested. A mapping system which follows the beam trajector is being built. The coil winding, the support links, the assembly, and the field mapper are discussed. >
Vascular injuries during anterior exposure of the thoracolumbar spine.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the vascular injuries, repairs, and complications encountered during anterior thoracolumbar spine exposures. Methods The medical records of patients undergoing anterior spine exposures from January 2004 to June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 269 anterior exposures were performed in 260 patients. The average patient age was 50.1 years, and the average body mass index was 29.0. Female patients represented 146 (54.3%) cases. Previous spinal surgery was noted in 145 (53.9%) cases, and 19 (7.1%) had previous anterior exposure. The median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 300 mL, and there were no postoperative mortalities. A vascular injury occurred in 37 cases (13.8%), with redo anterior exposure ( n = 19, 52% vs. 11%; P n = 145, 19% vs. 7%; P = 0.01), and diagnosis of a tumor ( n = 14, 36% vs. 12.5%; P = 0.03) being associated with increased vascular injury. A vascular injury resulted in greater EBL (median: 800 mL vs. 300 mL; P P = 0.04). Most frequently injured was the left common iliac vein (in 21 of the 37 [52.5%] injured cases). A vascular surgeon performed the exposure in 159 (59.1%) cases. There was a decrease in EBL (250 mL vs. 500 mL; P P = 0.002), and length of stay (5 days vs. 6.5 days; P P = 0.04). There were no differences between groups regarding vascular injury type, repair type, or the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Conclusion Collaboration between spine and vascular teams may result in decreased blood loss and consequently improved morbidity and length of hospital stay.
Loop and data transformations for sparse matrix code

This paper introduces three new compiler transformations for representing and transforming sparse matrix computations and their data representations. In cooperation with run-time inspection, our compiler derives transformed matrix representations and associated transformed code to implement a variety of representations targeting different architecture platforms. This systematic approach to combining code and data transformations on sparse computations, which extends a polyhedral transformation and code generation framework, permits the compiler to compose these transformations with other transformations to generate code that is on average within 5% and often exceeds manually-tuned, high-performance sparse matrix libraries CUSP and OSKI. Additionally, the compiler-generated inspector codes are on average 1.5 faster than OSKI and perform comparably to CUSP, respectively.
Learning robust cell signalling models from high throughput proteomic data

We propose a framework for learning robust Bayesian network models of cell signalling from high-throughput proteomic data. We show that model averaging using Bayesian bootstrap resampling generates more robust structures than procedures that learn structures using all of the data. We also develop an algorithm for ranking the importance of network features using bootstrap resample data. We apply our algorithms to derive the T-cell signalling network from the flow cytometry data of Sachs et al. (2005). Our learning algorithm has identified, with high confidence, several new crosstalk mechanisms in the T-cell signalling network. Many of them have already been confirmed experimentally in the recent literature and six new crosstalk mechanisms await experimental validation.
The importance of genetic recombination for fidelity of chromosome pairing in meiosis

In budding yeast, absence of the Hop2 protein leads to extensive synaptonemal complex (SC) formation between nonhomologous chromosomes, suggesting a crucial role for Hop2 in the proper alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Genetic analysis indicates that Hop2 acts in the same pathway as the Rad51 and Dmc1 proteins, two homologs of E. coli RecA. Thus, the hop2 mutant phenotype demonstrates the importance of the recombination machinery in promoting accurate chromosome pairing. We propose that the Dmc1/Rad51 recombinases require Hop2 to distinguish homologous from nonhomologous sequences during the homology search process. Thus, when Hop2 is absent, interactions between nonhomologous sequences become inappropriately stabilized and can initiate SC formation. Overexpression of RAD51 largely suppresses the meiotic defects of the dmc1 and hop2 mutants. We conclude that Rad51 is capable of carrying out a homology search independently, whereas Dmc1 requires additional factors such as Hop2.
Asymmetric Production of l-Carnitine from trans-Crotonbetaine by Proteus mirabilis

A novel enzymatic method for the production of L-carnitine (L-4-trimethylamino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) has been developed. Microorganisms that asymmetrically produce L-carnitine from trans-crotonbetane(trans-4-trimethylamino-2-butenoic acid), which was easily supplied through the chemical dehydration of DL-carnitine with an acid, were screened from stock cultures in our laboratory. Of the 686 strains of microorganisms examined, i.e., 416 bacteria, 37 actinomycetes and 233 yeasts, strains belonging to the genera, Proteus and Escherichia, were found to be efficient producers of L-carnitine from trans-crotonbetaine. Through the screening, Proteus mirabilis AJ-2772 and AJ-12137, with potent abilities, were selected as representative strains. The trans-crotonbetaine-hydrating enzyme was inducibly and intracellularly produced on either the addition of trans-crotonbetainQ or L-carnitine to the medium under partially anaerobic conditions. With intact cells of P. mirabilis AJ-2772, 40 g/l of L-carnitine chloride was produced from 62.5g/l of trans-crotonbetaine.
Seattle public library as place: Nonparametric analyses of community perceptions and attitudes

In an attempt to characterize the role(s) – social, political, cultural, or informational – of an individual library in the lives of community members, we conducted 226 interviews among people within and nearby the newly-constructed Central Library building of the Seattle Public Library. This poster presents the results of exploratory and nonparametric quantitative analyses of coded qualitative data to reveal potentially fruitful associations between the participants' characteristics and their perceptions and attitudes toward the Central Library as a physical or symbolic space. While not attempting to generalize beyond our sample, these associations may nevertheless be useful to guide future studies on the roles of libraries in society.
Stability of the dense radial morphology in diffusive pattern formation.

The dense radial structure is a distinct morphology which develops in many diffusive pattern-forming systems. We propose the first model to explain the stability of this structure. Stability arises in this model from the resistivity of the growth channels, which has been neglected in previous analyses. We also report excellent agreement between the predictions of our model and experimental results from two-dimensional electrochemical deposition.
Digital human modeling for ergonomic evaluation of patient table height

Laparoscopic techniques provide significant advantages to patients, such as shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and minimal scarring. However, poor ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery and failure to understand the ergonomics of laparoscopic surgery increase the discomfort and fatigue of the surgeon. According to a questionnaire designed by SAGES (Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons) task force on ergonomics in 1999, a large number of laparoscopic surgeons suffer frequent pain of the necks, and upper extremities pain [1]. One of the critical factors that cause these pains is the poorly adapted operation table height. The aim of this study is to investigate new technical solutions from ergonomic aspect to reduce the stress and strain on the surgeon during laparoscopic procedures. This was attempted by digital human modeling and its posture prediction when it is integrated into the operating room (OR) environment. The predicted postures at different heights of the OR table can then be evaluated in terms of discomfort measurement, and the optimal solution for an ergonomic table height can be determined with regard to the specific individual body size. We hope that by integrating this digital human model into the OR ergonomic simulation, we can provide an alternative approach with more efficiency and less cost compared with conventional ergonomics studies which rely on experiments and questionnaires.
Investments in rent-seeking

Since the publication of a number of articles concerning efficient rent-seeking both political scientists and economists have been interested in discovering how firms make rent-seeking investments and in developing a model of that process. In addition, several writers have been interested in the question of why politicians and bureaucrats in the United States do not capture more of the benefits or rents that they provide through their policy decisions (see Tullock, 1989). In this article I attempt to move toward explaining lobbying or rent-seeking investments by examining the questions, “How do firms decide how much to spend on campaign contributions?” and “Do these decisions reflect any underlying models of decision making?”
The Effect of Circle Hooks and Straight (J) Hooks on the Catch Rates and Numbers of White Marlin and Blue Marlin Released Alive by the U.S. Pelagic Longline Fleet in the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The effect of circle and straight (J) hooks on the catch rates of white marlin Kajikia albida (formerly Tetrapturus albidus) and blue marlin Makaira nigricans and the proportions released alive by the U.S. pelagic longline fleet targeting yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the Gulf of Mexico was assessed with data collected by scientific observers aboard commercial vessels between 1992 and 2004. Catch rates were lower with circle hooks than with straight hooks, but the differences were not significant; while the catch rates of the targeted species, yellowfin tuna, were the same for both hook types. However, a significantly higher proportion of marlins was released alive from circle hooks than from J hooks.
Role of Ground Water in Geomorphology, Geology, and Paleoclimate of the Southern High Plains, USA

Study of ground water in the Southern High Plains is central to an understanding of the geomorphology, deposition of economic minerals, and climate change record in the area. Ground water has controlled the course of the Canadian and Pecos rivers that isolated the Southern High Plains from the Great Plains and has contributed significantly to the continuing retreat of the westward escarpment. Evaporative and dissolution processes are responsible for current plateau topography and the development of the signature 20,000 small playa basins and 40 to 50 large saline lake basins in the area. In conjunction with eolian processes, ground water transport controls the mineralogy of commercially valuable mineral deposits and sets up the distribution of fine efflorescent salts that adversely affect water quality. As the water table rises and retreats, lunette and tufa formation provides valuable paleoclimate data for the Southern High Plains. In all these cases, an understanding of ground water processes contributes valuable information to a broad range of geological topics, well beyond traditional interest in water supply and environmental issues.
Direct Measurement of a Biphotonic Photo-ionization in Liquid Solution

THE history of low energy photo-ionization in organic solutions began with the work of G. N. Lewis et al.1. Certain rigid organic solutions at 77° K were found to be photo-ionized by light quanta the energies of which were as little as half those required for gas phase ionization. More recently it has been demonstrated2 that very similar systems also undergo low energy photo-ionization in their fluid state at room temperature. To determine how the energy requirements are met, several workers3–5 have suggested that the mechanism of photo-ionization may involve two photons with a triplet state as a possible intermediate. The involvement of two photons in the photo-ionization of several benzene derivatives has now been clearly demonstrated in a rigid saturated hydrocarbon at 77° K by means of an analysis of the initial rise in the photoconductivity5. The results of these studies do not, however, suggest a triplet state as the intermediate state. For the molecule N, N, N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) in 3-methyl-pentane (3-MP), an additional spectrophotometric study at 77° K revealed that the cation product, Wurster's blue, was also produced by a reaction involving two photons, and a triplet was identified as the intermediate state6. We have now completed a flash photoconductivity study of the same system in liquid solution at room temperature and find that the mechanism once again involves two photons. The nature of the intermediate state (or states) has not yet been established. In fact, energy considerations make it clear that inert solvents with low dielectric constant cannot radically alter the energy required for complete charge separation over that for the gaseous state. Thus low energy photo-ionizations which are well below (2–3 eV) the gaseous threshold must be expected to be no less than biphotonic whatever the details of the mechanism. The present extension of the earlier observations to a liquid would seem to confirm this point.
Search and discrimination

Abstract Firms seeking to hire low-wage minority workers face higher recruitment costs since with segregation a lower proportion of interviewed workers are from the target group. The low wages compensate for higher recruitment costs so profit rates are equal for firms hiring majority or minority workers. Free entry will then fail to eliminate wage discrimination. Wages and job satisfaction increase and unemployment decreases as the group's proportion in the labor market rises, generating instability in proportions of minorities in an occupation. The instability leads to occupational segregation and crowding.
How students interpret and enact inquiry-oriented defining practices in undergraduate real analysis

Abstract This study investigates the influence of inquiry-oriented real analysis instruction on students’ conceptions of the situation of mathematical defining. I assess the claim that inquiry-oriented instruction helps acculturate students into advanced mathematical practice. The instruction observed was “inquiry-oriented” in the sense that they treated definitions as under construction. The professor invited students to create and assess mathematical definitions and students sometimes articulated key mathematical content before the instructor. I characterize students’ conceptions of the defining situation as their (1) frames for the classroom activity, (2) perceived role in that activity, and (3) values for classroom defining. I identify four archetypal categories of students’ conceptions. All participants in the study valued classroom defining because it helped them understand and recall definitions. However, students in only two categories showed strong acculturation to mathematical practice, which I measure by the students’ expression of meta-mathematical values for defining or by their bearing mathematical authority.
Shape Engineered InAs Quantum Dots with Stabilized Electronic Properties

We have studied the influence of overgrowth procedure and a few monolayer-thick AlAs overlayer on the properties of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). PL spectroscopy was used to optimize optical properties of the QDs by shape engineering (QD truncation) through adjustment of the thickness of overlayers and temperature of the subsequent heating. QDs with 6 nm - thick overlayer with subsequent heating up to 560°C was found to have the highest PL intensity at room temperature and the lowest FWHM, 29 meV. Ground state energy of the truncated QDs is very stable against variations of growth parameters. 1.23 μm edge-emitting laser of triple-layer QD structure demonstrated room temperature threshold current density, 74 A/cm2.
Irradiation alone or combined with hyperthermia in the treatment of recurrent carcinoma of the breast in the chest wall: a nonrandomized comparison

Tumour response and control (freedom from local relapse) were compared in two non-randomized groups of patients with recurrences from carcinoma of the breast (95 per cent in the chest wall and 5 per cent in the axillary or supraclavicular lymph nodes) receiving treatment at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. One group, comprising 48 patients treated between March 1978 and December 1984, received varying doses of irradiation (2000-4000 cGy in fractions of 400 cGy every 72 h) followed by local microwave hyperthermia (41-43 degrees C, 30-60 min). Irradiation was usually delivered with electrons ranging from 9 to 16 MeV. Hyperthermia was administered with 915 MHz external microwaves. The second group of 116 patients, with lesions similar to those treated with hyperthermia and irradiation, were treated with irradiation alone between January 1964 and December 1984. Doses of irradiation ranged from 2000 to 6000 cGy, usually delivered in daily fractions of 200-300 cGy TD. Irradiation was administered with Cobalt-60, 4 MeV photons or electrons (9-13 MeV) and occasionally with superficial X-rays. Patients with lesions 1-3 cm in diameter treated with irradiation and hyperthermia exhibited a complete tumour response rate of 80 per cent (12/15) while patients receiving irradiation alone had a complete response rate of 33 per cent (P = 0.04, Fisher exact test, two tail). The complete response rate for tumours larger than 3 cm treated with irradiation and heat was 65 per cent (13/20) compared to 42 per cent (18/43) for lesions receiving irradiation alone (P = 0.1, Fisher exact test, two tail).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influences of North Atlantic climate variability on low-flows in the Connecticut River Basin

Summary Connections between summertime, ecologically relevant low-flow indicators and both winter and spring climate phenomena are explored for the Connecticut River Basin, with an emphasis on assessing forecast potential. Low-flow streamflow statistics deemed important for ecological health, including minimum 1-day mean flows, minimum 7-day mean flows, and monthly streamflow averages from June to September, are derived from 61 years of continuous, daily streamflow data at 15 United States Geological Survey streamflow gauging stations across the basin. Relationships between the ecological flow indicators with leading sea-surface temperature and sea-level pressure are investigated using correlation and composite analysis. Results suggest lagged relationships of up to 5 months between summer streamflow and the wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation, springtime east coast pressure trough, and springtime North Atlantic Tripole. These climate states have been linked to shifts between zonal and meridonal airflow as well as sea-surface temperature anomalies off the coast of the eastern US, both of which have implications for the movement of moisture systems over the study region. This study suggests that residual influences on airflow and sea-surface temperature persist into the summer following these earlier climate states, influencing low-flow hydrology in the region. As eco-hydrologic flow targets often conflict with other stakeholder objectives within a watershed, reservoir operators may utilize such lagged teleconnection patterns to predict annual low-flow characteristics in the region and help negotiate tradeoffs between traditional water management objectives and those emphasizing ecological conservation.
Grafting isocyanate-terminated elastomers onto the surfaces of carbon fibers: Reaction of isocyanate with acidic surface functions

Abstract Isocyanate functional groups can readily react with sterically accessible acidic functional groups on carbon fiber surfaces. Solvent effects on these reactions were investigated. Polar solvents such as DMF seem to favor this reaction. The grafting efficiency of isocyanate terminated-oligomers decreased with increasing molecular weight even though the total weight gain was higher when higher molecular weight oligomers were grafted. Isocyanate grafting efficiency was described by G rme = K × M n a where K = 2.7 × 10 3 and a = −0.82 when the solvent was DMF. Similar correlations were observed in chlorobenzene and xylene. Reactions on carbon fibers were compared to literature results on carbon black.
Response to immunotherapy in six related horses with urticaria secondary to atopy

Urticaria secondary to atopy may be a familial problem in some horses. Immunotherapy using a vaccine containing antigens selected on the basis of history and results of intradermal testing can be an effective method of managing atopy in horses; a response to therapy may be seen within 2 months.
Inelastic Charged-Lepton Scattering of Nucleons

In this review, I am going to present data on the final-state products in deeply inelastic scattering processes of muons and electrons off nucleon targets. Since the nucleon structure functions are being discussed elsewhere in this Conference, I will restrict my report to final-state hadrons, as observed in several recent experiments.
Randomized phase III trial of single versus multiple chemotherapeutic treatment following surgery and during radiotherapy for patients with anaplastic gliomas

In 81 patients with anaplastic supratentorial gliomas, single versus multiple chemotherapeutic agents were selected for treatment following surgery and during radiotherapy in a prospective randomized study. Time to treatment failure and survival were not significantly enhanced by multiple agent chemotherapy, as administered in this study.
The Stability and Dynamics of E-Coli Beta-Clamp by Single Molecule and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

The sliding clamp is an important component of DNA polymerase III. In the presence of the γ complex and ATP, the β clamp, which consists of two monomeric units, forms a ring-like structure around double stranded DNA. The rest of the DNA replication machinery binds to the β clamp and continues replication. This process increases the rate and the processivity of replication by orders of magnitude.In this project, we investigated the dimerization equilibrium of the beta-clamp dimer, and the existence of rapid spontaneous conformations that involve the opening of the dimer interface. The β-clamp was labeled with TMR dyes. In a closed conformation, the dyes can form a H-dimer and quench the fluorescence. However, in an open conformation, the dyes are further apart from each other and their fluorescence increases. Thus, if the β-clamp dissociates at low concentrations it should result in more fluorescence. This was investigated through single molecule spectroscopy, and the data was used to find the dissociation constant of the β-clamp. In addition, the kinetics of the rapid spontaneous fluctuation between open and closed conformations of the β-clamp is studied using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
Organizational construction of intrinsic motivation

Some psychological theorists claim that the worker's level of intrinsic motivation or alienation stems from the meeting between universal drives and personality characteristics and the material attributes of job tasks. Social theorists—focusing on organizational socialization and cultural practices—emphasize the firm's capacity to manipulate the meaning of a task independent of its material qualities. This social construction of a task's meaning may shape the intrinsic rewards a worker associates with it. Little empirical evidence exists that clarifies the conditions under which the psychological or the social model holds, particularly the conditions under which socialization practices within the firm can shape the worker's level of intrinsic motivation associated with specific tasks. We argue that the intrinsic value associated with a task is determined by its centrality to and fit with the organization's normative social and technical structure. Based on a study of eighty-four staff members within a bureaucratic organization we found that workers perceived high levels of intrinsic value for tightly controlled and routine tasks when the firm's rationalized methods of organizing were seen as legitimate. This interaction operated independently of the direct (usually negative) influence of task control on intrinsic value. A contingency model of intrinsic motivation is proposed, taking into account both the material structure of a work task and its fit with the firm's social and technical structure. Here the perceived legitimacy of the organization's structure conditions whether tightly controlled and routine tasks are viewed as alienating or as intrinsically motivating.
Pearls or People: A Biometric Analysis of Interregional Exchange During Hopewell Times

The pattern of Hopewell site distribution throughout the midwest has given rise to several models of interaction during Middle Woodland times. Primary among these is the idea of the Hopewell Interaction Sphere (HIS), involving the movement of material items and ideological concepts but not groups of people. An analysis of biological distance between skeletal populations drawn from Ohio and Illinois Hopewell mortuary sites was done in order to test this interpretation. The pattern of biosocial interaction resulting from comparison of inherited osteological traits, both metric and non-metric, supports such a model. The degree of heterogeneity between the two areas of Hopewell expression suggests little exchange was occurring on a biological level. The HIS as an interregional trade network composed of locally adapted, indigenous cultural groups appears to have reality in both the biological and material aspects of its archeological remains.
A TRF1-controlled common fragile site containing interstitial telomeric sequences

Mouse telomeres have been suggested to resemble common fragile sites (CFS), showing disrupted TTAGGG fluorescent in situ hybridization signals after aphidicolin treatment. This “fragile” telomere phenotype is induced by deletion of TRF1, a shelterin protein that binds telomeric DNA and promotes efficient replication of the telomeric ds[TTAGGG]n tracts. Here we show that the chromosome-internal TTAGGG repeats present at human chromosome 2q14 form an aphidicolin-induced CFS. TRF1 binds to and stabilizes CFS 2q14 but does not affect other CFS, establishing 2q14 as the first CFS controlled by a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. The data show that telomeric DNA is inherently fragile regardless of its genomic position and imply that CFS can be caused by a specific DNA sequence.
Monte Carlo turbulence simulation using rational approximations to von Karman spectra

Turbulence simulation is computationally much simpler using rational spectra, but turbulence falls off as f exp -5/3 in frequency ranges of interest to aircraft response and as predicted by von Karman's model. Rational approximations to von Karman spectra should satisfy three requirements: (1) the rational spectra should provide a good approximation to the von Karman spectra in the frequency range of interest; (2) for stability, the resulting rational transfer function should have all its poles in the left half-plane; and (3) at high frequencies, the rational spectra must fall off as an integer power of frequency, and since the -2 power is closest to the -5/3 power, the rational approximation should roll off as the -2 power at high frequencies. Rational approximations to von Karman spectra that satisfy these three criteria are presented, along with spectra from simulated turbulence. Agreement between the spectra of the simulated turbulence and von Karman spectra is excellent.