cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MOF-based electronic and opto-electronic devices.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid materials with unique optical and electronic properties arising from rational self-assembly of the organic linkers and metal ions/clusters, yielding myriads of possible structural motifs. The combination of order and chemical tunability, coupled with good environmental stability of MOFs, are prompting many research groups to explore the possibility of incorporating these materials as active components in devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, radiation detectors, and chemical sensors. Although this field is only in its incipiency, many new fundamental insights relevant to integrating MOFs with such devices have already been gained. In this review, we focus our attention on the basic requirements and structural elements needed to fabricate MOF-based devices and summarize the current state of MOF research in the area of electronic, opto-electronic and sensor devices. We summarize various approaches to designing active MOFs, creation of hybrid material systems combining MOFs with other materials, and assembly and integration of MOFs with device hardware. Critical directions of future research are identified, with emphasis on achieving the desired MOF functionality in a device and establishing the structure–property relationships to identify and rationalize the factors that impact device performance.
Modulation of p,p'-DDT-induced tremor by catecholaminergic agents.

Abstract p,p′-DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane; 75 mg/kg) or corn oil was administered po to male Fisher 344N rats. Tremor was quantified 8 hr later by spectral analysis of whole body movements. The effect of sc injection of pharmacological challenges on the spectral profile of body movements was determined. The α antagonist phenoxybenzamine decreased the intensity of movements over most of the power spectra in animals exposed to DDT, but decreased spectral power only at lower frequencies in control subjects. The α-1 antagonist prazosin had similar effects in animals given DDT. The α-2 antagonist yohimbine and the β antagonist propranolol produced lethality and increased the intensity of movements in animals administered DDT, without significantly affecting control animals. The α-2 agonist clonidine decreased the spectral profile over a wide range of frequencies in animals exposed to DDT, while depressing the spectral power of control animals only at higher frequencies. The dopamine antagonist haloperidol increased the intensity of movements in DDT-treated animals, without altering the spectral profile of controls. The dopamine agonist apomorphine induced stereotypy in control animals, but failed to significantly alter the power spectra in subjects given DDT. These data suggest a facilitatory and inhibitory role, respectively, for α-1 and α-2 receptors in the modulation of DDT-induced tremor. Dopamine and β receptors may be involved in the tonic inhibition of tremor produced by DDT.
Classified power capping by network distribution trees for green computing

Power management is becoming very important in data centers. To apply power management in cloud computing, Green Computing has been proposed and considered. Cloud computing is one of the new promising techniques, that are appealing to many big companies. In fact, due to its dynamic structure and property in online services, cloud computing differs from current data centers in terms of power management. To better manage the power consumption of web services in cloud computing with dynamic user locations and behaviors, we propose a power budgeting design based on the logical level, using distribution trees. By setting multiple trees or forest, we can differentiate and analyze the effect of workload types and Service Level Agreements (SLAs, e.g. response time) in terms of power characteristics. Based on these, we introduce classified power capping for different services as the control reference to maximize power saving when there are mixed workloads.
Response of Lactating Cows to Pelleted and Unpelleted Soybean Meal After Partial Protein Depletion

Twenty-four first-lactation cows, averaging 82 d postpartum, were protein depleted for 20 d by consuming a 9.4% crude protein diet. The cows were then assigned randomly and equally to a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments in which either pelleted or unpelleted soybean meal containing 1% sodium bentonite was supplemented to corn or corn silage-based diets to yield 12.2, 15.4, or 18.1% crude protein, dry basis. Between 9 and 15 d of the depletion period, milk, milk protein production, and dry matter consumption decreased 20 to 25%. Blood hematocrit increased. On refeeding three amounts of protein, dry matter intake was greatest during week 4 of repletion. Milk production rapidly increased to a plateau averaging approximately 88% of preexperimental production with a somewhat greater response to the higher soybean rations. Neither intake, milk, milk protein production, plasma urea, serum albumin, or blood hematocrit provided any evidence that pelleted or unpelleted soybean meal differed nutritionally.
Mayo Clinic Scottsdale Experience With Laparoscopic Nephron Sparing Surgery for Renal Tumors

ABSTRACTPurpose: Nephron sparing surgery is an accepted treatment for small renal masses, of which many have been detected incidentally due to the widespread use of advanced imaging techniques. We report our experience with laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery.Materials and Methods: From May 2000 to May 2002 a total of 20 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies were performed in 19 patients. The kidney was mobilized to allow adequate dissection, hemostasis and inspection of the kidney. Cautery, a harmonic scalpel and a TissueLink (TissueLink Medical, Inc., Dover, New Hampshire) device were variably used for dissection and hemostasis. Further hemostasis was then achieved using an argon beam laser with Fibrillar (Fibrillar Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey), fibrin glue or the TissueLink device. Intact removal and biopsy of the lesion base were done to assess margin status.Results: Mean patient age was 66 years (range 41 to 80). Mean tumor size was 2.1 cm. (range 1 to 7) and average operative time was 130 minutes ...
Thrombospondin-4 is expressed by early osteogenic tissues in the chick embryo.

ABSTRACT The thrombospondins are a family of related glycoproteins found in the em- bryonic extracellular matrix. To date, five mem- bers of this family have been identified. Thrombo- spondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 have similar primary structure, but are expressed in different tissues at different times during development. Thrombospondins-3, -4, and cartilage oligomeric protein belong to a second thrombospondin sub- group in which the carboxyl-half of each molecule is most similar to thrombospondin-1 and -2. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of a novel probe to avian thrombospondin-4. We have used this probe to determine the origins of thrombo- spondin-4 in the chick embryo by in situ hybrid- ization. Thrombospondin-4 transcripts first ap- pear in the mesenchyme surrounding bone anlage coinciding with the initial stages of osteogenesis. The expression in osteogenic tissues is transient: thrombospondin-4 mRNAs are not seen in the 0s- teoblasts of bone collars in developing long bones. This pattern is distinct from avian thrombospon- din-2, which is expressed in perichondrium and embryonic fibrous connective tissues. Our obser- vations indicate that connective tissues are the principal site of thrombospondin-4 expression in the chick. The diverse origins of different throm- bospondin gene family members imply distinctive roles for these proteins related to the growth and differentiation of cartilage, tendons, and bone.
Multi degree of freedom IPMC sensor

Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) has been examined through simulation and experimental tests as a material for use in multi degree of freedom (DOF) sensor applications. Mechanoelectrical transduction, the ability to generate current from imposed mechanical deformation, enables IPMCs to be applied as sensor devices. This phenomenon has been reported and is reasonably well described by various models. In this study, a physics-based model is applied to predict performance of an IPMC sensor over a range of conditions. Configuration of our interest is cylindrical IPMC with 2-DOF mechanoelectrical sensor capabilities. The prototype of cylindrical IPMC has an outer diameter of 1 mm and a 25 mm length. Application of deformation induced voltage of the fabricated cylindrical IPMCs as a means of mechanoelectrical transduction have been simulated and experimentally verified. The performance of the prototype IPMC under several operating conditions was also analyzed, and experimental results have provided keen insight into the physical phenomenon of mechanoelectical IPMC transduction.
SU‐E‐J‐176: Further Investigation of Improved Reconstruction Algorithm for Tomosynthesis Plus Few Discrete Projections: Noisy Projections and TV Filtration

Purpose: Investigations over the past few years have demonstrated some of the benefits and shortfalls of tomosynthesis in radiation therapy for patient positioning or dose tracking. Tomosynthesis generates excellent image quality in one reconstruction plane; however, there is a loss of edge and frequency information in the additional planes due to the spatial incompleteness of the projection data. In our previous study, we demonstrated improved results from a new discrete frequency interpolation technique (DFIT), which is used to incorporate tomosynthesis limited arc projection data and three additional “filling” projections. Here, we continue investigation into DFIT by studying noisy projections for the data and incorporation of total variation (TV) noise reduction into the reconstruction processing. Methods: For this investigation, we simulated a Shepp‐Logan phantom to generate 93 parallel beam projections with ±5% uniform random noise. 90 of these projections were over a 90‐degree tomosynthetic arc. The remaining three projections were evenly spaced (i.e. 22.5, 45, and 67.5 degrees from the end of the arc) to help “fill in” the incomplete data. DFIT+TV was used to reconstructimages by interpolating frequency values into the gaps of the Fourier spectrum, inverse Fourier transforming from frequency to image space, adding the resultant image to a filtered backprojection (FBP) image, and finally applying a TV noise reduction step. Results: The images by traditional FBP, DFIT, FBP+TV and DFIT+TV are compared visually and using horizontal and vertical line profile plots. Additionally, contrast results are examined. The DFIT+TV images show improved edge delineation in the usual tomosynthesis “blurred” direction and improved reconstructed contrast. Conclusions: The addition of limited “filling” discrete projections and DFIT+TV can be used to improve the reconstruction accuracy and quality of short arc imaging. Future work will study DFIT+TV in the cone beam geometry. Research supported by Nucletron, B.V.
Wavelet packet transform for R-R interval variability.

Abstract Introduction : Wavelet transform is used for time-frequency analysis. Recently, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been used to analyze R-R interval or heart rate variability. However, we hypothesized that wavelet packet transform (WPT) is a better way to analyze such variability. In the present study, we compared resolution of frequency band and amplitude, which are used for analysis of the variability, with DWT and WPT, followed by Hilbert transform. Methods : A chirp signal which covers all frequency bands used for R-R interval variability was employed as a simulated signal. Levels 1–6 of DWT and level 3 of WPT were used for signal analysis. Amplitudes of the gained signal were evaluated with Hilbert transform. Differences in error of the gained amplitude from expected amplitude between CWT and DWT for low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components were compared. To evaluate time-dependent changes in R-R interval variability, head-up tilt (HUT) was employed as an orthostatic challenge. Results : Errors for both HF and LF, derived from the simulated signal with WPT, were significantly smaller than those of DWT. With HUT, time dependent changes in LF, HF, and LF/HF were observed. Discussion : Although DWT is a valuable method for time-frequency analysis, WPT is a more appropriate method to utilize wavelet transform due to the equivalent resolution of the gained frequency band. WPT for time-frequency analysis improves analysis of time-dependent changes in R-R interval variability.
Understanding pregnancy in a population of inner-city women in New Orleans--results of qualitative research

Unintended pregnancy has conventionally been defined as a pregnancy that is mistimed or unwanted, and this classification has been widely used in survey research. This study explores the utility of these constructs for women who visited a family planning clinic and a prenatal clinic in inner-city New Orleans, LA, and, by extension, for women of similar background and experience. We used semi-structured, open-ended research to explore sexual debut and history, contraceptive knowledge and use, pregnancy history, partner relations, and service use among 77 women (73 of whom were African-American). This study addresses the apparent paradox of high-risk sexual and contraceptive behavior in the presence of expressed preferences to postpone childbearing. It provides some insight into the cultural and social context in which these events and decisions take place and explores the multiple dimensions that shape women's sexual behaviors and their desires for pregnancy. The dimensions explored include perceptions of and experiences with sex/sexuality, values concerning childbearing/motherhood, relationships with partners, experiences with contraception, and attitudes toward abortion. The apparent ambivalence seen in reports of women asked whether a pregnancy was intended, such as statements that they did not want to get pregnant but were either not using contraception or using it irregularly, calls into question the idea that intendedness can be routinely and easily inferred from survey research. Correspondingly, it is not possible to simply assume that either intentionality or future intentions directly affect decisions to use contraception. The problem is that the many factors-structural and individual-affect women's preferences and ability to postpone a pregnancy or to use contraception.
N-state Markov jump process

Abstract A certain N -state Markov jump process is studied in connection with laser mode hopping and phase switching. We show that the Chapman-Kolmogorov-Smoluchowski equations can be solved exactly to yield a simple expression for the transition probability function. Some properties of such a process and its connection with the related pre-gaussian process are examined. We also study the atomic response to excitation by a laser whose phase or frequency exhibits such jumps, and the non-gaussian property of the line shape is discussed.
Prescription to over-the-counter switch: a regulatory perspective

This paper discusses the origins of the over-the-counter (OTC) drug category and presents information about the process of switching a drug from prescription (Rx) to OTC status. It also reviews past and current drug laws in terms of how they relate to OTC drugs.
Adaptive and Reliable Clock Distribution Design for 3-D Integrated Circuits

In this paper, we present novel techniques to handle the complexity and challenges in clock distribution for 3-D integrated circuit. First, we propose a novel active deskew technique to adaptively mitigate the cross-tier variations and the 3-D wiring asymmetry. The new deskew technique neither relies on an accurate through-silicon-vias model nor an accurate reference clock distribution. Second, we design a phase-mixer-based tunable-delay-buffer (TDB), which can be linearly tuned in 360° and tolerant to process-voltage-termperature (PVT) variations. Third, based on the new deskew technique and TDB design, we propose an efficient clock distribution network topology, which can be realized without a need of balanced H-tree. Moreover, a thermal profile-based optimization flow is developed to further improve the power efficiency and reduce design overhead. A case study shows that the proposed techniques are able to largely improve the clock skews. The optimization flow is capable of reducing the design cost to achieve a better tradeoff of the skew performance and the design overhead.
The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on dopamine2, serotonin1A and serotonin2A receptors in the rat brain

The Effect of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes on Dopamine 2 , Serotonin 1A and Serotonin 2A Receptors in the Rat Brain
The effects of reactive site location on the inhibitory properties of the serpin α1-Antichymotrypsin

The large size of the serpin reactive site loop (RSL) suggests that the role of the RSL in protease inhibition is more complex than that of presenting the reactive site (P1 residue) to the protease. This study examines the effect on inhibition of relocating the reactive site (Leu-358) of the serpin alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin either one residue closer (P2) or further (P1') from the base of the RSL (Glu-342). alpha(1)-Antichymotrypsin variants were produced by mutation within the P4-P2' region; the sequence ITLLSA was changed to ITLSSA to relocate the reactive site to P2 (Leu-357) and to ITITLS to relocate it to P1' (Leu-359). Inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like proteases human chymase and chymotrypsin and the non-target protease human neutrophil elastase (HNE) were analyzed. The P2 variant inhibited chymase and chymotrypsin but not HNE. Relative to P1, interaction at P2 was characterized by greater complex stability, lower inhibition rate constants, and increased stoichiometry of inhibition values. In contrast, the P1' variant inhibited HNE (stoichiometry of inhibition = 4) but not chymase or chymotrypsin. However, inhibition of HNE was by interaction with Ile-357, the P2 residue. The P1' site was recognized by all proteases as a cleavage site. Covalent-complexes resistant to SDS-PAGE were observed in all inhibitory reactions, consistent with the trapping of the protease as a serpin-acyl protease complex. The complete loss in inhibitory activity associated with lengthening the Glu-342-reactive site distance by a single residue and the enhanced stability of complexes associated with shortening this distance by a single residue are compatible with the distorted-protease model of inhibition requiring full insertion of the RSL into the body of the serpin and translocation of the linked protease to the pole opposite from that of encounter.
Massenspektrometrische Identifizierung substituierter Phenylthiohydantoine aus dem Edman‐Abbau von Petiden

The mass spectroscopic identification of substituted phenylthiohydantoins from the Edman degradation of peptides is described. For better recognition of the PTH peaks within the spectrum, p-bromophenylisothiocyanate was used predominantly. The mass numbers, characteristic for each of the common amino acid PTH derivatives, are shown. The whole procedure, named MS-Edman degradation was tested by degradation of the octapeptide Pro-Phe-Phe-Leu-Ile-Ile-Leu-Val and the N-terminal sequence of glucagon (16 cycles). This procedure has the following advantages: a) Direct identification of phenylthiohydantoins by mass numbers instead of indirect, e.g. chromatographic comparison. b) Unequivocal assignment of the amide groups by differences between the phenylthiohydantoins of Asn and Asp, or Gln and Glu and easy differentiation of Leu and Ile. c) High sensitivity. d) Simultaneous observation of side reactions and peptide fragmentation during the Edman procedure.
Grassland plantings and landscape natural areas both influence insect natural enemies

Abstract Local habitat management and landscape composition are main factors in determining the abundance and diversity of conservation biological control agents. In Midwestern U.S.A., the establishment of conservation plantings is encouraged through government programs. These plantings buffer streams from agricultural inputs and increase wildlife habitat. We examined the effects that these plantings and semi-natural areas in the surrounding landscape have upon the abundance and diversity of natural enemies of the soybean aphid. We quantified abundances of soybean aphids and their natural enemies in soybean fields and adjacent plantings in Newton County, Indiana, U.S.A. We found a higher number of natural enemies in conservation plantings than in soybean fields before aphids arrived. When soybean aphid populations were increasing, aphid abundance was a main factor influencing the four major predator groups (Anthocoridae, Nabidae, and exotic and native Coccinellidae). Along with aphid abundance, the presence of adjacent plantings and forest areas within 3 km affected nabid abundance and the presence of adjacent plantings and grassy areas within 5 km influenced the abundance of native coccinellid in soybean fields. Lastly, this study showed that the presence of grassland strips enhances beta diversity of natural enemies in soybean fields. Therefore, natural enemy communities may be more resilient to disturbance in landscapes containing conservation plantings. The increased natural enemy abundance with plantings and semi-natural areas in the surrounding landscape may enhance conservation biological control and benefit farmers.
Abridgment of lightning: Progress in lightning research in the field and in the laboratory

WHILE there is still much to learn, lightning may be said to be now at least on an engineering basis since it is expressed numerically in volts and amperes. It has been removed from the realm of the “medicine man.”
Disc edema and retinal periphlebitis as the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis.

A 23-year-old man presented with a 2-day history of decreased vision and distortion in his right eye. His visual acuities were 20/50 OD and 20/20 OS. He had a right relative afferent pupillary defect and normal appearing anterior segments in both eyes. A dilated fundus examination revealed vitritis, bilateral optic disc edema (Figure 1), and retinal periphlebitis causing a branch vein occlusion (Figure 2). He was admitted to the hospital for intravenous corticosteroid therapy and evaluation for retinal vasculitis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the patient’s brain revealed no masses, and lumbar puncture findings showed a mildly elevated opening pressure of 220 mm of water and mild pleocytosis without evidence of infection. A chest radiograph (Figure 3) showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. The patient’s angiotensinconverting enzyme level was elevated at 0.086 U/L (normal, ,0.04 U/L). A lymph node biopsy specimen obtained by mediastinoscopy revealed granulomatous inflammation, confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The patient responded well to treatment with systemic corticosteroids, and despite complication of retinal neovascularization requiring laser treatment, the vision in his right eye remains stable at 20/20.
Hodgkin's disease.

The etiology of Hodgkin's disease is unknown, and the identity of the normal counterpart of the malignant cell involved in Hodgkin's disease remains controversial. Yet, three of every four patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease will be cured. This success in treatment is due in large part to the application of modern oncologic techniques, such as combination chemotherapy and the use of staging to guide therapy. This article reviews important advances in the understanding and treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Polynesia revisited: species numbers and the importance of sampling intensity

Morrison, L. W. 1996. The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of polynesia revisited: species numbers and the importance of sampling intensity. - Ecography 19: 73-84. The ant faunas of three remote Polynesian islands were censused using hand collecting techniques. Known ant species richnesses were increased by factors of 2.3, 3.7, and 4.3, and total species richnesses were estimated with a first-order jackknife estimator. The large increase in species numbers is apparently due to inadequate earlier censuses (which missed localized and cryptic species) rather than recent immigrations. Tests of species associations revealed more positive than negative interactions among species, on both a pairwise and community-wide basis. There is no evidence that ant species on these islands exclude each other from islands or from communities within islands, with the exception of three very aggressive species. A multiple regression analysis of known ant species richness against sampling effort and area for Polynesian islands which have been differentially censused for ants by various collectors revealed sampling effort was highly significant, while area was not significant, in explaining variation in known ant species numbers. On Pacific islands that have been surveyed relatively thoroughly for ants, multiple regression analyses of known ant species richness on area and distance showed that area was always highly significant, but distance was only marginally significant (depending on the regression model used). Thus remote Polynesian islands appear neither to be as depauperate as previously thought in numbers of ant species present, nor possess an unusual potential for evolutionary increase in species numbers.
Is the presence of children at the scene of domestic violence incidents associated with increased violence, alcohol intoxication, or weapon use?

Study objectives: We determine the differences between households with and without children at the scene of intimate partner violence (IPV) 911 telephone calls in regard to arrests, presence of a weapon, alcohol use, and injury severity. Methods: 911 telephone calls for IPV in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, placed in 2002 were linked with cases of police-documented IPV incident reports. These incident reports were reviewed for relationship of offender and victim, sociodemographic information, weapon and substance use, previous incidents, and injury severity (measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale [CTS]). Results: Incident reports (1,677) were characterized as IPV and linked with 911 calls. Of these, 1,505 came from unique addresses. Children were present at 45.7% of IPV incidents (n=664/1,453). IPV victims were less likely to be arrested (5.7% versus 11.2%; P P =.004) if a child was present at the scene. There were no differences in regard to weapon use (13.8% versus 13.2%; P =.78) or increased severity of violence/CTS score greater than 13 (87.7% versus 86.4%; P =.45) and presence of children at the scene. However, IPV victims (4.7% versus 16.6%; P P Conclusion: Households with children that called 911 for IPV were arrested less frequently and were less likely to be intoxicated at the incident. There are no differences in weapon use or severity of violence between households with and without children that call 911 for IPV.
Blending remote sensing data products to estimate photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in the surface ocean

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its precursor, superoxide (O2−), are well-studied photochemical products that are pivotal in regulating redox transformations of trace metals and organic matter in the surface ocean. In attempts to understand the magnitude of both H2O2 and O2− photoproduction on a global scale, we implemented a model to calculate photochemical fluxes of these products from remotely sensed ocean color and modeled solar irradiances. We generated monthly climatologies for open ocean H2O2 photoproduction rates using an average apparent quantum yield (AQY) spectrum determined from laboratory irradiations of oligotrophic water collected in the Gulf of Alaska. Because the formation of H2O2 depends on secondary thermal reactions involving O2−, we also implemented a temperature correction for the H2O2 AQY using remotely sensed sea surface temperature and an Arrhenius relationship for H2O2 photoproduction. Daily photoproduction rates of H2O2 ranged from <1 to over 100 nM per day, amounting to ∼30 μM per year in highly productive regions. When production rates were calculated without the temperature correction, maximum daily rates were underestimated by 15–25%, highlighting the importance of including the temperature modification for H2O2 in these models. By making assumptions about the relationship between H2O2 and O2− photoproduction rates and O2− decay kinetics, we present a method for calculating midday O2− steady-state concentrations ([O2−]ss) in the open ocean. Estimated [O2−]ss ranged from 0.1–5 nM assuming biomolecular dismutation was the only sink for O2−, but were reduced to 0.1–290 pM when catalytic pathways were included. While the approach presented here provides the first global scale estimates of marine [O2−]ss from remote sensing, the potential of this model to quantify O2− photoproduction rates and [O2−]ss will not be fully realized until the mechanisms controlling O2− photoproduction and decay are better understood.
Proliferative index of breast carcinoma by thymidine labeling: prognostic power independent of stage, estrogen and progesterone receptors.

We studied cellular proliferation by measuring the tritiated thymidine labeling index (TLI) in slices of primary invasive breast carcinomas. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were measured by ligand-binding assay. The TLI was a strong independent predictor of survival and relapse-free survival in women with or without axillary lymph nodal metastases and in American Joint Committee stage I. In operable node-negative women treated surgically, predicted survival at 5 years was 89 ± 4% (probability±standard error) for 81 patients with low TLI (⩽3%), 64 ± 7% for 101 with mid TLI (3.1 – 8%), and 66 ± 6% for 86 with high TLI (>8%) (P = 0.001). Probabilities of survival for patients with positive axillary nodes were 79 ± 6% for 86 with low, 71 ± 7% for 71 with mid, and 52 ± 6% for 89 with high TLI (P = 0.0002). In stage I patients (tumor diameter not exceeding 2 cm), 5-year survival probabilities were 93 ± 4% in 70 with low, 72 ± 8% in 43 with mid, and 58 ± 10% in 35 with high TLI, (P = 0.0005). The TLI was predictive for survival and relapse-free survival within subgroups positive and negative for ER and positive for PgR (P<0.05) in stage I patients, and a predictive trend was observed in the PgR-negative subgroup (P = 0.16). TLI also predicted within different categories of vascular invasion and nuclear grade. A stepwise Cox proportional hazards model selected TLI, number of positive axillary lymph nodes, and maximum diameter of the breast carcinoma as independent variables predictive of relapse, and added ER as a fourth variable for prediction of survival.
Amebic Liver Abscess: A Therapeutic Approach

The clinical presentation of 48 patients with amebic liver abscess was no different than that reported in earlier studies. However, most patients were from countries endemic for parasitic disease. Failure to consider this diagnosis resulted in potentially avoidable surgery for six patients. Although metronidazole was successful primary therapy in 85% of 41 patients so treated, four of seven ruptured abscesses occurred in cases where metronidazole treatment failed. For assessment of factors that might predict metronidazole treatment failures, multiple parameters were analyzed. Of the factors evaluated, only timing of clinical response correlated with successful therapy. Ninety-four percent of metronidazole responders showed dramatic clinical improvement within 72 hours of initiation of therapy, whereas only 33% nonresponders had improved modestly during this time (P = .0014). Therefore, early diagnosis of amebic liver abscess in patients from endemic areas and treatment with metronidazole will result in successful therapy in 85% of cases. Surgical intervention or alternative medical therapy is indicated for those patients who do not respond after 72 hours of metronidazole therapy.
Making Room for Dynamics in Evidence-Based Practice: The Role of Psychodynamic Theory in Client-Centered Approaches

The move toward evidence-based practice has fortified, and continues to strengthen, the social work profession through accountability, greater support for social interventions, and linking research and practice. This article considers potential limitations in exclusively promoting evidence-based practice in social work programs and advocates for an integrative approach when teaching clinical practice to master of social work students. Such an approach includes using psychodynamic principles in an effort to teach social work students the importance of self-awareness, dialoguing about diversity issues, and the use of theory in case formulations. Implications for social work education are discussed.
Colon cancer screening practices in New York City, 2003 : Results of a large random-digit dialed telephone survey

BACKGROUND New York City (NYC) has one of the highest concentrations of gastroenterologists in the country, yet only 33% of colorectal cancers in NYC are diagnosed early, and approximately 1500 New Yorkers die from colorectal cancer each year. METHODS Using data from a large, local, random-digit dialed telephone survey (n = 9802), the authors of the current study described types of colorectal cancer screening modalities and characteristics of adults undergoing screening within a recommended timeframe. Multivariate analyses were used to examine demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and neighborhood-level predictors of screening participation, with particular attention to factors associated with colonoscopy, the recommended screening modality in NYC. RESULTS Fifty-five percent of NYC adults aged ≥ 50 years reported a recent colorectal cancer screening test, and 42% reported a colonoscopy within the past 10 years. After multiple statistical adjustments, groups with the lowest likelihood of screening were the poor (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.83) and uninsured (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.20–0.48), as well as Asians (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29–0. 72), and current smokers (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50–0.78). Colonoscopy was less frequently reported by non-Hispanic Black New Yorkers and by women; both groups reported higher use of fecal occult blood tests. Less than 10% of adult New Yorkers reported a sigmoidoscopy in the past 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Low screening uptake in NYC leaves nearly 1 million New Yorkers, particularly poor and uninsured adults, at risk for undetected colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy screening programs in NYC should address health care and socioeconomic barriers and target racial and ethnic minorities and women. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Polyolefin Spheres from Metallocenes Supported on Noninteracting Polystyrene

To obviate the destructive interaction of highly reactive metallocene catalysts with classical silica-based supports while retaining the advantage of supported catalysts, a noninteracting polystyrene support was developed. Supported catalysts for the polymerization of alpha-olefins are prepared by treating lightly cross-linked, chloromethylated polystyrene beads consecutively with a secondary amine, an ammonium salt of a weakly coordinating anion, and a neutral dialkylmetallocene. Catalytic sites are distributed homogeneously throughout the support particle, and the polymerization occurs within the bead, in contrast to traditional surface-supported metallocene catalysts. The copolymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene at 40 degreesC affords discrete spherical polyolefin beads with a size (0.3 to 1.4 millimeters) that varies according to the polymerization time.
Die diokletianische Tetrarchie als Epoche einer historischen Wende in antiker und moderner Sicht

The reign of the emperor Diocletian has always been regarded as one of the most crucial periods in Roman history. Sometimes it is emphasized as the turning point between the principate and the following epoch, which is called in English the “Later Roman Empire,” in French “le Bas-Empire,” and in German “die Spatantike” or, more pointedly, “der Dominat.” Such a determination was already suggested in antiquity by the orator Lactantius, who was a contemporary of Diocletian and his three co-emperors, who together formed the socalled “tetrarchy.” This new system of rule was created by Diocletian in order to establish in all endangered regions of the Roman world the presence of an emperor, who would guarantee the security of his part of theImperium Romanum. Lactantius based his assessment of Diocletian’s reign on the observation that it saw the last major persecution of the Christians who were later to be recognized by Constantine. In modern times, following the more secular position of Edward Gibbon, many historians who treated the tetrarchic period in an overwhelming number of works expressed the view that we can acknowlege these years as an important time because of the many substantial reforms that were initiated by Diocletian; but the persecution of the Christians was only one among many events of his reign. The period of the Diocletianic tetrarchy was really fundamental, but characterizing it as an historical turning point would be a simplifying overstatement.
Hilbert Coefficients and the Depths of Associated Graded Rings

This work was motivated in part by the following general question: given an ideal I in a Cohen–Macaulay (abbreviated to CM) local ring R such that dim R / I =0, what information about I and its associated graded ring can be obtained from the Hilbert function and Hilbert polynomial of I ? By the Hilbert (or Hilbert–Samuel) function of I , we mean the function H I ( n ) =λ( R / I n ) for all n [ges ]1, where λ denotes length. Samuel [ 23 ] showed that for large values of n , the function H I ( n ) coincides with a polynomial P I ( n ) of degree d =dim R . This polynomial is referred to as the Hilbert, or Hilbert–Samuel, polynomial of I . The Hilbert polynomial is often written in the form formula here where e 0 ( I ), [ctdot ], e d ( I ) are integers uniquely determined by I . These integers are known as the Hilbert coefficients of I .
Physicochemical characterization of poly(ethylene glycol)-modified anti-GAD antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) were modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and the resulting conjugates were characterized. Monoclonal anti-GAD antibodies were purified from ATCC HB184 hybridoma cells by either cell culture supernatant or ascites fluid from BALB/c mice. Polyclonal rabbit IgG antibodies were also used as a model protein. Polyclonal rabbit IgG or purified anti-GAD was modified by PEG (MW = 5000 or 20000 Da) through either the lysine residues or through the carbohydrate moiety. Lysine modification was performed in PBS (pH 7.4) or 0.1 M borate (pH 9.2) by adding a molar excess (5−80) of a succinimidyl activated propionic acid terminated mPEG (SPA-PEG) while stirring at room temperature. Carbohydrate modifications were performed in PBS (pH 6.2) by first oxidizing the antibody with sodium periodate followed by incubation with hydrazide-terminated PEG followed by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride. The degree of modification was assessed by 1H NMR or...
Human-computer interaction in information seeking tasks

Abstract The third in a series of experiments utilizing a simulated online bibliographic information seeking environment called DBASE is discussed. Variables considered in the study are computer aiding, availability of citation lists, data base structure, and type of search task. Effects of these variables on six performance measures are examined using analysis of variance. Linear discriminant analysis is utilized to provide a more fine-grained analysis of important problem features and to form a basis for investigating differences among individual searchers and the dynamic nature of information seeking tasks.
The Effect of Pyrethrins in Combination with Chlorinated Hydrocarbons on Resistant and Nonresistant House Flies

A DDT resistant strain of house flies being reared for insecticidal tests exhibited a high degree of resistance to all chlorinated hydrocarbons to which it had been exposed. Results obtained from use of the OTI (Official Test Insecticide) in the Peet-Grady chamber indicated that this strain also showed a marked degree of resistance to pyrethrins. Though the knockdown rate was only slightly lower than that for nonresistant flies, the resulting mortality was considerably lower. Since pyrethrins and chlorinated hydrocarbons are quite dissimilar both in structure and mode of action, it was thought that the toxicity of combinations of these substances might provide some useful information. To provide an additional point of comparison flies from both the DDT resistant and nonresistant cultures were exposed to these combinations.
Colors and patterns of an intertidal snail, Thais lamellosa

Shell patterns and colors and the genetic complexity of the polymorphism of the marine snail,Thais lamellosa, are similar to those of several terrestrial pulmonates. Frequent parallel evolution of such complex polymorphisms must reflect a substantial selective advantage. To form a hypothesis to account for pattern evolution, morph compositions of several populations were quantified and compared with environmental qualities. All three primary colors were found at only two of five sites. Shells with many banding patterns were found; however, the most common pattern of one site was rare or absent at most other sites. Snails were fed monotonous diets of barnacles or mussels for 7 months to evaluate the importance of diet. Colors deposited in most shells were diluted progressively during the period and, like siblings in the field, most snails had white shells at the end of the experiment. No morph characteristics could be attributed to diet. Patterns are usually prominent only on juveniles, and may be obscured for much of the juvenile period, so the colors and patterns distinguish snails from each other for only a short portion of their lives. Morph differences from site to site are correlated with environmental differences. Environmental qualities could affect densities of the principal predator,Cancer productus, and thus predation intensity, or could affect the relative visible qualities of the morphs.
The Lab Sheet: Making the Lab Teach.

The lack of quality and variety of commercial tapes for use in the language lab is one of the primary reasons why students have increasingly resisted lab practice. Teachers have also found these tapes boring and lacking in the creative ingenuity which should provide the student with meaningful and productive practice. In order to offer students more stimulating and worthwhile lab learning, teachers at the University of Hawaii have developed the ‘lab sheet’-a procedure which combines listening and writing skills in the language lab. The procedure may be adapted for almost any text and level of language learning. The lab sheet is intended primarily as a culminating activity covering the major structural concepts and vocabulary in a unit. For those students who have already learned the material, the lab sheet serves as reinforcement and review; it acts as a learning device for those who have not yet mastered the material. With its introduction, lab attendance increased nearly twenty percent during the spring 1973 semester. Student responses endorse the lab sheet as an excellent and profitable learning procedure.
A disaster recovery system featuring uncertainty visualization and distributed infrastructure

This paper will present the use and implementation of uncertainty visualization in a disaster recovery tool called DiRecT. DirecT is an emergency response system that couples the visualization mechanism with a distributed computing architecture for a more reliable, failsafe infrastructure. The uncertainty visualization cues help provide the means of determining the priority of assigning resources to the entities by taking into account various factors such as their identity, location, and health. With DiRecT the incident commander would be able to quickly assess the current scenario and make critical and informed decisions. An important part of DiRect is its distributed, real-time infrastructure which supports capture, storage and delivery of data from various sources in the field. DiRect also supports personnel communication through an instant memoing feature.
Recurrent Hypothermia and Thrombocytopenia After Severe Neonatal Brain Infection

Two children with multiple severe disabilities due to brain destruction by neonatal infection had recurrent hypothermia (less than 34 degrees C) with associated thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000), and clinical hemorrhage. They also had milder, less consistent erythroid and myeloid cell line abnormalities. The hypothermia was presumed to be due to hypothalamic dysfunction. Rewarming was always followed by correction of hematologic problems, but normal temperature was difficult to maintain. Recognition of this entity may improve long-term management of some severely disabled children.
Etretinate therapy stimulates deposition of mucus-like material in epidermis of patients with psoriasis

During therapy for psoriasis with the oral aromatic retinoid etretinate, a finely granular material was detected by electron microscopic examination of the epidermis of ten patients. Since this amorphous substance has some of the ultrastructural characteristics of mucin, it is called mucus-like material (MLM). MLM occurs occasionally in untreated psoriatic lesions; however, its deposition is enhanced by etretinate therapy. While MLM has not been fully characterized, evidence exists for the possibilities that it represents either cell products (such as mucin, or carbohydrates associated with the cell surface) or an exudate infiltrating the epidermis.
College students' credibility judgments and heuristics concerning Wikipedia

This study examined: (1) whether a peripheral cue and subject knowledge influenced the credibility judgments in the context of Wikipedia; and (2) whether certain factors affected heuristic processing in the context of Wikipedia. The theory of bounded rationality and the heuristic-systematic model serve as the basis of this study. Data were collected employing a quasi-experiment and a web survey at a large public university in the Midwestern United States in the fall of 2011. The study participants consisted of undergraduate students from nine courses whose instructors agreed to their participation. A total of 142 students participated in the study, of which a total of 138 surveys were useable. The major findings of this study include the following: a peripheral cue and knowledge influenced the credibility judgments of college students concerning Wikipedia. The effect of a peripheral cue on credibility judgments was not different between those with high versus low knowledge. Finally, perceived credibility was positively related to heuristic processing, but knowledge, cognitive workload or involvement in a topic was not. This study suggests that educators and librarians need to integrate heuristic approaches into their literacy programs, guiding students to effectively use and not blindly accept cues. Wikipedia needs to offer noticeable cues that can help Wikipedia readers assess the credibility of information. The role of perceptions in heuristic processing needs further investigation. Further, this study demonstrates the strength of a peripheral cue on credibility judgments, suggesting that further research is needed when cues lead to effective credibility judgments and when cues lead to biased credibility judgments. Finally, this study provides the suggestion of an integrated model of the theory of bounded rationality and the heuristic-systematic model that can enhance our understanding of heuristics in relation to credibility judgments.