cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Asia's new competitive game

Purpose – To explore the implications of the fundamental forces that are reshaping the competitive playing field in Asia and the strategies required to win in the future.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is draws on detailed fieldwork and consulting assignments with Asian companies, backed by the author's 20 years of experience working in Asia to analyze the key competitive changes and provide a framework for developing successful strategic responses.Findings – Four fundamental changes are underway that are reshaping the competitive game in Asia: the demise of asset speculators; the rapid development of China scattering the traditional “flying geese” pattern of development; the breakdown of barriers that traditionally protected Asia's national economic baronies; and the decay of “me‐too” strategies. New strategies are therefore called for.Practical implications – In the new Asian competitive environment, successful strategies will include the following elements: a new productivity drive; renewed foc...
Effects of medial septal lesions on an operant go/no-go delayed response alternation task in rats

Previous work in our laboratory has found that whereas medial septal lesions impaired an operant left-right delayed alternation task in rats, the lesion also facilitated the performance of rats on a cued go/no-go discrimination task with a delay between the cue and the required response. These findings suggested to us that the medial septal lesions impaired "response" working memory, which in turn led to a compensatory enhancement of attention to stimulus cues. If this hypothesis is true, then the lesions should impair a go/no-go task based on "response" working memory. The current experiment tested this hypothesis. Rats (12 with medial septal lesions and 12 with sham operations) were tested on a discrete trial operant go/no-go response alternation task. The rats were first tested for 20 days without a delay contingency, followed by 35 days of testing with a 15-s delay between "go" and "no-go" trials. Both groups became proficient at the task under nondelay conditions and their terminal performance (averaging about 85% correct) did not differ. However, under delay conditions the performance of the lesioned rats was significantly impaired compared to the controls. As the go/no-go task does not require a spatial discrimination, the best explanation for our findings is that the lesions impaired response working memory.
Solving the optimal process target problem using response surface designs in heteroscedastic conditions

The contemporary industrial environment continues to rely on the identification of the optimal process target as a means to minimise the product defect rate and ultimately reduce manufacturing costs. Within the context of the optimal process target problem, this paper will offer three distinct contributions. First, a review of literature associated with the process target problem indicates that most research work assumes a known process distribution mean and variance prior to the identification of optimal settings. In contrast, this paper will incorporate the use of response surface designs into solving the process target problem, thus removing the need to make assumptions regarding the process parameters. Second, most research regarding the development of response surface designs either assumes that the same number of observations are made on a quality characteristic of interest, or model error always exhibits a uniform pattern of constant variance. This paper, however, will incorporate alternative model...
Attraction Studies of Male Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with New Combination of Olfactometer and Pheromone Dispenser

A new combination of olfactometer and pheromone-dispensing technique was used in attraction studies of Lepidoptera, allowing measurements over a continuous range of concentrations from threshold attractancy to suppression of attraction. Complete darkness inhibited any response. The velocity of reaction to the pheromone source increased with an increase in concentration.
Scientists and Self-Doubt Across Strata of Academic Science

Most institutional studies of science have focused on the functioning of its reward system. Less is known about perspectives scientists develop on their variously rewarded and recognized careers. This study examines people’s subjective appraisals of attainment in academic science based on a sample of interviews with physicists who discussed their perspectives on success, including the most salient self-doubts they experience in their roles. The sample is divided into achievement echelons to see how self-doubts vary among those throughout the strata of science. Self-doubts about work accomplishment grip scientists across productivity strata, but these self-doubts grow more uniform as productivity increases. The most diverse sources of self-doubt are found among the least productive scientists in advanced professional ranks.
The effects of schools and their curricula on the reading and mathematics achievement of hearing impaired students

Abstract This paper reports the result of a national study of achievement patterns of hearing impaired students. Data were collected by Gallaudet University's Center for Assessment and Demographic Studies during its 1983 norming of the Stanford Achievement Test with a sample of approximately 8,000 hearing impaired students. Teachers of a randomly selected subsample of over 2,000 students in both special schools and mainstream programs responded to specific questions regarding school and curricula. Factors examined in this study include time spent on learning tasks, reading and mathematics curricula content exposure, grade placement relative to other hearing impaired students of the same age, and classroom integration with hearing students. Multiple regression analysis, controlling for fixed demographic factors, demonstrates the relative contributions of these alterable factors to the prediction of achievement. Results indicate the overall importance of classroom factors, as well as some diminishing returns. Observed interactions for some factors indicate differential effects on population subgroups.
Bifurcating optical pattern recognition in photorefractive crystals

A new concept and experimental demonstration of a bifurcating optical pattern recognizer that uses a nonlinear gain saturation memory medium such as a high-gain photorefractive crystal are presented. A barium titanate crystal is used as a typical example of the nonlinear medium for the demonstration of the bifurcating optical pattern recognizer.
Asymptotic robustness of the normal theory likelihood ratio statistic for two-level covariance structure models

Data in social and behavioral sciences are often hierarchically organized. Special statistical procedures have been developed to analyze such data while taking into account the resulting dependence of observations. Most of these developments require a multivariate normality distribution assumption. It is important to know whether normal theory-based inference can still be valid when applied to nonnormal hierarchical data sets. Using an analytical approach for balanced data and numerical illustrations for unbalanced data, this paper shows that the likelihood ratio statistic based on the normality assumption is asymptotically robust for many nonnormal distributions. The result extends the scope of asymptotic robustness theory that has been established in different contexts.
Potential dependent chronoamperometry: experimental verification

Abstract Potential dependent chronoamperometry is examined for its utility in examining homogeneous chemical reactions following charge transfer. By carrying out single step chronoamperometry experiments at potentials in the region of Eo′, kinetic information may be derived from the resulting current vs. time response. Advantages of the technique include the sensitivity of the response to reaction mechanism, and the ability to extend the time frame of the experiment to values greatly exceeding the true reaction half life. The method is compared with conventional methods for determining the rate constant of the benzidine rearrangement. The strengths and limitions of the method are discussed.
A bidirectional NMOSFET current reduction model for simulation of hot-carrier-induced circuit degradation

An approach for modeling hot-electron induced change in drain current that significantly improves the ease of parameter extraction and provides new capabilities for modeling the effect of bidirectional stressing and the asymmetrical I-V characteristics after stressing is presented. The change in the drain current, Delta I/sub D/ is implemented as an asymmetrical voltage-controlled current source and the new Delta I/sub D/ model is independent of the MOSFET model used for circuit simulation. The physical basis of the model, the analytical model equations, the implementation scheme in BERT (BErkeley Reliability Tools) simulator and simulation results for uni- and bidirectional circuit stressing are presented. >
Rethinking Desi Race, Class, and Online Activism of South Asian Immigrants in the United States

This article examines drumnyc.org, the website of New York–based South Asian activist organization Desis Rising Up and Moving (DRUM), and interrogates the politics of the site within the overlappin...
A simplified derivation of stimulated emission by black holes

A black hole, when acting as a scatterer for quanta in a single mode of a massless scalar field, is known to convert any ingoing Gibbs state of that mode into an outgoing Gibbs state (with some other mean particle number). The paper presents a simple derivation for this property which may help to clarify what relation, if any, it bears to the microscopic structure of the black hole horizon.
Chemical Rescue of I-site Cleavage in Living Cells and in Vitro Discriminates between the Cytomegalovirus Protease, Assemblin, and Its Precursor, pUL80a

Chemical rescue is an established approach that offers a directed strategy for designing mutant enzymes in which activity can be restored by supplying an appropriate exogenous compound. This method has been used successfully to study a broad range of enzymes in vitro, but its application to living systems has received less attention. We have investigated the feasibility of using chemical rescue to make a conditional-lethal mutant of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) maturational protease. The 28-kDa CMV serine protease, assemblin, has a Ser-His-His catalytic triad and an internal (I) cleavage site near its midpoint. We found that imidazole can restore I-site cleavage to mutants inactivated by replacing the critical active site His with Ala or with Gly, which rescued better. Comparable rescue was observed for counterpart mutants of the human and simian CMV assemblin homologs and occurred in both living cells and in vitro. Cleavage was established to be at the correct site by amino acid sequencing and proceeded at ∼11%/h in bacteria and ∼30%/h in vitro. The same mutations were unresponsive to chemical rescue in the context of the assemblin precursor, pUL80a. This catalytic difference distinguishes the two forms of the CMV protease.
Plant genetic differences influence herbivore community structure: evidence from a hybrid willow system

To determine the influence of plant genetic variation on community structure of insect herbivores, we examined the abundances of 14 herbivore species among six genetic classes of willow: Salix eriocephala, S. sericea, their F1 and F2 interspecific hybrids, and backcross hybrids to each parental species. We placed 1-year-old plants, grown from seeds generated from controlled crosses, in a common garden. During the growing season, we censused gall-inducing flies and sawflies, leaf-mining insects, and leaf-folding Lepidoptera to determine the community structure of herbivorous insects on the six genetic classes. Our results provided convincing evidence that the community structure of insect herbivores in this hybrid willow system was shaped by genetic differences among the parental species and the hybrid genetic classes. Using MANOVA, we detected significant differences among genetic classes for both absolute and relative abundance of herbivores. Using canonical discriminant analysis, we found that centroid locations describing community structure of the insect herbivores differed for each genetic class. Moreover, the centroids for the four hybrid classes were located well outside of the range between the centroids for the parental species, suggesting that more than additive genetic effects of the two parental species influenced community formation on hybrid classes. Line-cross analysis suggested that plant genetic factors responsible for structuring the herbivore community involved epistatic effects, as well as additive and dominance effects. We discuss the ramifications of these results in regard to the structure of insect herbivore communities on plants and the implications of our findings for the evolution of interspecific interactions.
Adaptive Hashing with Signatures

Abstract Adaptive hashing with signatures combines the adaptive hashing file structure together with superimposed signatures and several new algorithms to produce a new order-preserving data structure. This new technique has excellent direct retrieval performance, localized index organizations, and improved file index balance. In keeping with the principle advantage of the original adaptive hashing technique, algorithms to improve both primary and secondary memory storage utilization are also discussed. Furthermore, the new data structure has a high degree of flexibility, allowing it to be tailored for the optimum performance vs storage utilization ratio for a given application.
The partial complement of graphs

For a graphG, the switched graphS v (G) ofG at a vertexv is the graph obtained fromG by deleting the edges ofG incident withv and adding the edges of $$\bar G$$ incident withv. Properties of graphs whereS v (G) ≅G or $$S_v (G) \cong \bar G$$ are studied. This concept is extended to the partial complementS H (G) where H $$H \subseteq V(G)$$ . The investigation here centers around the existence of setsH for whichS H (G) ≅ G. A parameter is introduced which measures how near a graph is to being self-complementary.
Effects of lubrication and aspect ratio on the consolidation of metal matrix composites under cyclic pressure

Abstract The effects of powder compaction under cyclic load were compared to traditional single-cycle compaction. The effect of interparticle friction as modified by lubrication and compact aspect ratio received particular attention. Mixtures of Al and Al 2 O 3 were consolidated at room temperature in contained uniaxial consolidation experiments. The experiments showed that in static compaction, lubrication aids densification at low pressures but can inhibit consolidation at high pressures. Enhanced densification was observed following pressure cycling. These improvements were more pronounced in compacts having smaller aspect ratios. The efficiency of pressure cycling was reduced by the lubricant. Lubrication also decreased the effects of aspect ratio in both the static and cyclic compaction cases. Although lubrication did increase density uniformity, the resulting compact green strength was much lower. Both single and double action compaction were studied and the best green strength and density distribution were obtained with double-action compaction under cyclic pressure without lubricant.
π-Bonded molecular wires: self-assembly of mixed-valence cation-radical stacks within the nanochannels formed by inert tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate anions

A series of mixed-valence cation-radical salts D(n+1) TFPBn, where D is a planar organic donor of about 0.7 to 0.9 nm wide and 1.1 to 1.3 nm long (e.g., tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene, octamethylanthracene, octamethylbiphenylene, perylene) and TFPB is a tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate anion, were crystallized and characterized via single-crystal X-ray analyses and UV–vis-NIR-IR measurements. All these salts showed isolated one-dimensional arrays of π-stacked partially-oxidized donors (resulting from the self-assembly of planar organic cation-radicals with their parent molecules) located within the nanochannels formed by the bulky inert anions. The essentially parallel hydrocarbon moieties within the π-stacks are arranged at interplanar separations of ~3.4–3.6 A. As a result of the intermolecular interactions within the mixed-valence arrays, all these salts show intense absorption bands in the NIR to IR range (8000–1500 cm−1) characteristic of conducting organic materials with a low HOMO/LUMO gap. Quantum mechanical computations afforded electronic coupling elements between adjacent species of 0.1 eV to 0.3 eV. These values are larger than half of the corresponding reorganization energy for electron transfer, which implies significant electron/hole delocalization between neighboring π-bonded species. In comparison, crystallization of smaller tetrathiafulvalene, tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine cation-radicals with the same counter-ion afforded 1 : 1 salts which contained isolated cationic moieties and were transparent in the NIR range. On the whole, the tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate anion appears as an efficient building block for creating supramolecular insulating networks sheathing π-bonded molecular wires with a cross-section of about 1 nm2.
Experimenter Bias in Reporting Opinion Statements

Rosenthal (1963) and Orne ( 1962) have emphasized that social psychological experimental results may be due to factors other than the independent variables, namely, experimenter bias and demand characteristics of experimental situations. Two groups of Es (introductory social psychology students) were instructed to carry out the Verplanck (1955) procedure in which the number of opinion statements offerecl by another person is recorded during three 10-min. intervals. E successively establishes a baseline for opinion statements, agrees with each opinion, and disagrees with each opinion. Group A was given Verplanck's reinforcement hypothesis: that agreement and disagreement with opinion statements act as positive and negative reinforcement, respectively, and the number of such statements should vary accordingly. Group B was given a balance hypothesis which stated opinions either established or disrupted balance. Since agreement balances the situation by establishing a positive bond, it reduces the need to give more balance-producing opinions. Disagreement, however, by disrupting balance, leads to an increased number of opinion statements. Es were free to choose their own Ss, experimental situation, and topics of conversation. It was predicted that data reported would vary according to the hypothesis given E. For 23 Es with the reinforcement hypothesis the mean number of opinion statements during baseline, agreement, and disagreement were 7.43, 9.74, and 7.96, respectively. For 23 Ss with the balance hypothesis (2 sets were omitted at random to achieve equal Ns) the values were 18.87, 18.35, and 22.57. Analysis of variance yielded an interaction berween groups and time periods (F = 15.61, df = 2/88, 9 < .01) of the form predicted (Fqu.drntle = 30.41, df = 1/44, p < .01). An effect occurred for time period (F = 7.76, df = 2/88, p < .01), but this appears to be due to the interaction. An unexpected difference berween the two groups warrants consideration. Group B reported more opinion statements than Group A (F = 89.01, df = 1/44, p < .01). A greater number from Group B chose the presidential campaign of 1964 for their main topic of conversation; and because this topic probably evoked strong opinions and chance for argument, it may account for the higher level of opinion statements in this group. Selection of this topic by Es may be considered part of their attempt to obtain results congruent with the hypothesis given them. The evidence for experimenter bia is open to various interpretations. For example, some data may have been fabricated by Es for presentation, selective recording may have occurred, or Es may have given cues indicating the "correct" response.
Impurity pinning studies in Nb1−xTaxSe3 alloys

Abstract We have measured the nonlinear conductivity of Nb 1−x Ta x Se 3 alloys in both charge density wave states. The threshold field E T for the onset of nonlinear conduction increases linearly with x. A large scatter for relatively pure samples suggests other pinning mechanisms, such as grain boundaries, for small impurity concentrations.
Special education teacher attitudes toward AAC: preliminary survey

This preliminary study was designed to investigate the attitudes of special education teachers in a midwestern state toward the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems by students with severe communication impairments. A focus group of professionals working with AAC users was used to develop a survey instrument that was sent to 317 special education teachers. Results indicate that teachers' perceptions of their students' abilities to learn to communicate more effectively was the strongest positive influence on their intentions to use AAC systems in the classroom. However, teachers' perceptions of students' abilities appeared to be strongly affected by perceptions of their own skills and responsibilities to provide communication training in the classroom. Implications of the results with regards to AAC service delivery and teacher preparation programs are discussed.
Power grasp force distribution control using artificial neural networks

In this article, methods for force distribution control of power grasp are developed. A power grasp is characterized by multiple points of contact between the object grasped and the surfaces of the fingers and palm. The grasp is highly stable because of form closure. However, modeling power grasps is difficult because of the resulting closed kinematic structure and the complexity of multiple contacts. The first method used to obtain the desired force distribution is based on linear programming. In particular, a model of the DIGITS grasping system, under development at The Ohio State University, is used, and constraint equations are formulated for force balance and actuator torque limits. Supervisory control of the desired forces at the contacts is achieved by prescribing a desired clinch level. The objective function is designed to achieve the desired clinch level, except in cases where the specified force is inadequate to stably hold the object. Although this method yields the desired force distribution, a second method based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) is developed to achieve constant-time solutions. Linear programming solutions are used to generate training data for a set of ANNs. Two techniques, modular networks and adaptive slopes, are also developed and employed in the training to improve the training time and accuracy of the ANNs. The results show that the ANNs learn the appropriate nonlinear mapping for the force distribution and provide stable grasp over a wide range of object sizes and clinch levels.
Roles of PKC isoforms in the induction of apoptosis elicited by aberrant Ras.

Emerging evidence indicates that suppression of protein kinase C (PKC) renders the susceptibility of cells expressing mutated ras to apoptosis. Although the effort has been made, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, using small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or PKC inhibitor, we show that the concurrent suppression of PKC-α and β induces cells ectopically expressing v-ras to undergo apoptosis. In this apoptotic process, PKC-δ is upregulated and translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus. The activated PKC-δ associates with and phosphorylates p73 to initiate apoptosis. In this apoptotic process, Akt seems to be downstream of oncogenic Ras. Moreover, overexpression of PKC-δ, without co-suppression of PKC-α and β, is not apoptotic to the cells, suggesting that PKC-δ and PKC-α/β function oppositely to facilitate cells harboring v-ras to survive. Thus, our study shows that PKC-α and β are necessary for sustaining the homeostasis in cells containing a hyperactive Ras. The abrogation of these two isoforms switches on the p73-regulated apoptotic machinery through the activation of PKC-δ.
A novel formulation for determining joint constraint loads during optimal dynamic motion of redundant manipulators in DH representation

The kinematic representations of general open-loop chains in many robotic applications are based on the Denavit–Hartenberg (DH) notation. However, when the DH representation is used for kinematic modeling, the relative joint constraints cannot be described explicitly using the common formulation methods. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of solving a system of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) where the method of Lagrange multipliers is incorporated into the optimization problem for optimal motion planning of redundant manipulators. In particular, a set of fictitious joints is modeled to solve for the joint constraint forces and moments, as well as the optimal dynamic motion and the required actuator torques of redundant manipulators described in DH representation. The proposed method is formulated within the framework of our earlier study on the generation of load-effective optimal dynamic motions of redundant manipulators that guarantee successful execution of given tasks in which the Lagrangian dynamics for general external loads are incorporated. Some example tasks of a simple planar manipulator and a high-degree-of-freedom digital human model are illustrated, and the results show accurate calculation of joint constraint loads without altering the original planned motion. The proposed optimization formulation satisfies the equivalent DAEs.
Effect of temperature on gradient reequilibration in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

Abstract The effect of mobile phase modifier and temperature on gradient reequilibration is examined using three different stationary phases. The stationary phases studied are a traditional C18 phase, a polar endcapped C18 phase, and an alkyl phase with a polar embedded group. It was observed that both temperature and choice of mobile phase organic modifier had an effect on gradient reequilibration volume on both the traditional C18 stationary phase and the polar endcapped phase. On both these phases, at any given temperature, the reequilibration volume was generally smaller when methanol was used as the mobile phase modifier as compared to acetonitrile. As the temperature is increased from 10 to 50 °C, significant reductions in reequilibration volume were observed with both mobile phase modifiers. In contrast, neither temperature nor choice of modifier appeared to have much effect on reequilibration volume when the polar embedded group stationary phase was considered.
A comparative analysis of dissimilarity measures for clustering categorical data

Similarity and dissimilarity (distance) between objects is an important aspect that must be considered when clustering data. When clustering categorical data, for instance, these distance (similarity or dissimilarity) measures need to address properly the real particularities of categorical data. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis with four different dissimilarity measures used as a distance metric for clustering categorical data. The first one is the Simple Matching Dissimilarity Measure (SMDM), which is one of the simplest and the most used metric for categorical attribute. The other two are context-based approaches (DIstance Learning in Categorical Attributes - DILCA and Domain Value Dissimilarity-DVD), and the last one is an extension of the SMDM, which is proposed in this paper. All four dissimilarities are applied as distance metrics in two well known clustering algorithms, k-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithms. In this analysis, we also use internal and external cluster validity measures, aiming to compare the effectiveness of all four distance measures in both clustering algorithms.
Effects of salinity and calcium concentration on arm regeneration byOphiothrix angulata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

At 33‰ salinity a tissue stump formed 2 to 3 d after autotomy and developing ossicles were present by the fourth day inOphiothrix angulata (Say). Regeneration proceeded rapidly from the sixth day until the thirteenth day, when the rate decreased greatly. The length of the regenerated arm and the number of ossicles formed did not vary over a salinity range of 28 to 38‰ S, but were significantly less at 23‰ S. The number of ossicles regenerated increased linearly (y=1.9 x-7.7;r=0.9089) with the calcium concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 9.5 mM. No ossicle formation occurred at 3.8 mM calcium concentration. Rate of net uptake of calcium-45 into the ossicles of intact individuals in salinities of 28 and 33‰ was significantly greater than that in 23 and 38‰ S. However, net uptake rate of calcium into the soft tissues of the arms was significantly higher at 18‰S than at the lower two salinities.
A Conversion Proposal for Iran’s IR-40 Reactor with Reduced Plutonium Production

This article examines possible modifications of Iran’s IR-40 (Arak) heavy-water reactor that would limit its plutonium production without compromising its usefulness for civilian purposes. The proposed modifications only involve the fuel composition, avoid changes to the fuel and core geometry, and therefore have the advantage of minimizing the overall complexity and cost of conversion as well as shortening the time period required to implement these modifications. The suggested changes would significantly reduce the reactor’s production of plutonium from 7–9 kilograms to less than 1 kilogram per year. The article also examines key safety parameters, medical isotope production rates, and uranium resource requirements for all modifications considered. The analysis is relevant beyond the case of Iran’s Arak reactor and may provide some future guidance for converting other heavy-water reactors that continue to operate today.
VOC Accumulation and Pore Filling in Unsaturated Porous Media

A series of unsaturated column experiments was conducted to study different grain-scale accumulation mechanisms affecting total uptake of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) onto a model solid and subsequent removal of VOCs from the porous media. Experimental variables included VOC (benzene, methylbenzene, 1,4-dimethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), moisture content (primarily water-unsaturated conditions), and influent VOC concentration. Calculations of the mass distributions of benzene indicated that it was primarily in the aqueous and air phases with a small fraction at the air−water interface. Similar calculations for the other VOCs indicated that greater than 50% of the accumulated mass of these VOCs was located within intraparticle pores and on the substrate surface. Analysis of the sorption data in terms of a pore-filling model support the hypothesis that a capillary phase separation (CPS) process occurred within the pores and produced a neat, separate VOC phase. We suggest that CPS will become...
Effects of recombinant human αA interferon in gnotobiotic calves challenged with respiratory syncytial virus

Abstract The effects of recombinant human αA interferon were studied in gnotobiotic calves challenged with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Gnotobiotic calves given doses of interferon by intramuscular injection over five days showed a marked, dose-related, rise in rectal temperature and depression of circulating leucocytes. Differential counts showed decreases in both lymphocytes and neutrophils. No significant pathological differences were found between treated and untreated calves, nor could any difference be demonstrated in the pattern of RSV infection.
A Constitutive Approach to Interpersonal Communication Studies

The future of interpersonal communication research and theory is no doubt constitutive. Scholars have made this argument (e.g., Baxter, 2004; Manning, 2013), focusing on how communication is not a ...
Many-Particle Derivation of the Effective-Mass Equation for the Wannier Exciton

The exciton state in an insulator is defined as an excited state of the fully interacting electronic system. Its motion is governed by the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation. From this we derive the effective-mass approximation in the limit of small binding energy, small total momentum, and large spatial extent of the exciton. The corrections to the effective-mass approximation are briefly indicated.
Where Were Douglass and Melville on April 15, 1865?

My title refers to the question that people often ask each other in a discussion of historic events: Where were you when you heard about . . . ? Anticipated events—Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the moon, the unscheduled but not unexpected resignation of Richard Nixon— sometimes evoke the “where were you” question, but shocking, violent acts— the attack on Pearl Harbor, JFK’s assassination, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001—raise the question in a way that demands a fuller explanation, one less likely to be nostalgic, more likely to reveal the personal in the political response, and vice versa. Without question, Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, which occurred on April 14 but became known to the public the following day, was such an event, described at the time in terms similar to those of more recent time-stopping national tragedies. Ralph Waldo Emerson, speaking in Concord on April 19, remarked that “[i]n this country, on Saturday, every one was struck dumb, and saw at first only deep below deep, as he meditated on the ghastly blow.”1 Henry Lyman Morehouse, a minister in East Saginaw, Michigan, described the reaction to the news from “over the wires”: “Business stopped; hearts throbbed almost audibly; knots of men congregated on the streets; telegraph offices were thronged by anxious faces; and all were incredulous that such a stupendous, nefarious transaction had occurred in America. . . .America mourns as she never mourned before.”2 My question, then, is how did Herman Melville and Frederick Douglass, two of the most perceptive and thoughtful civilian observers of the war and its causes, react to this event that, even then, nearly everyone recognized as epochal, the event
Race and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

A comparison of racial distributions for three groups of patients showed that 115 of 140 patients (81.6%) with open-angle glaucoma, 221 of 392 patients (56.4%) with ocular hypertension, and 1,028 of 2,109 patients (48.7%) in a random sample were black. Average age at diagnosis was significantly (P = .006) higher for whites than for blacks (69.1 years vs 63.7 years). Black patients with primary open-angle glaucoma had a significantly larger mean cup-disk ratio (P≤.002) and a higher but not significantly higher mean intraocular pressure at the time of diagnosis. Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was more frequent at the time of diagnosis in blacks (43 of 129 patients or 33.3%) than in whites (five of 27 patients or 18.5%), but this difference was not significant.
32 Comparison of Neonatal Outcome of Different Ventilators in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Background: A recent advance in ventilator system introduced the Puritan Bennett 840™ Ventilators (PB840) were introduced in the BUHMC during 2003. We observed its outcome in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
Pit lakes: their characteristics and the potential for their remediation

Pit lakes form when open-pit mining operations are discontinued and dewatering ceases. The increase in open-pit metal mining since the 1970s will lead to the formation of numerous pit lakes over the next 50 years. Many of these lakes will develop acid sulfate conditions with high levels of dissolved metals. Approaches to remediation of these conditions that have been recommended include the addition of lime or other alkaline materials and the stimulation of sulfate-reducing bacteria. However, prevention rather than remediation is probably the preferable approach. Measures to prevent oxidation of mining waste and wall rocks, including measures to fill pits quickly with water, to inhibit the activity of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and to promote anoxic conditions at the lake bottoms may minimize the formation of acids and dissolved metals.
Does gender matter in the virtual world? Examining the effect of gender on the link between online social network activity, security and interpersonal victimization

The growth in the number and scope of private information breaches of social networking (SN) websites subscribers’ has prompted researchers to focus on the utilization of privacy and security measures among SN users. Previous research suggests that users who engaged in risky online behaviors, such as adding strangers as friends, were more likely to be victimized online. The current study examines the role gender plays in the relationship between SN security and online interpersonal victimization (OIPV). Utilizing a probability sample of college students from a large Midwestern university, gender differences in online SN activity and security were found. Some factors (number of SN updates and adding strangers as friends) had a significantly different impact on OIPV among males and females.
Laboratory Evaluation of Antiepileptic Drugs

SUMMARY Numerous studies have shown that seizure susceptibility can be altered by brain damage. Though most chronic lesions have involved the motor cortex, damage to posterior portions of the cerebral cortex also lowers convulsive threshold. Few studies have involved subcortical areas, but evidence has been cited showing that lesions of specific subcortical nuclei lower threshold to chemically-induced seizures. The ease of administration, safety and low inter- and intra-animal variability associated with the use of flurothyl, a chemical convulsant, make it ideally suited for seizure susceptibility studies in brain-damaged animals. Consistent dose-response curves can be established for antiepileptic drugs against flurothyl-induced convulsions and multiple endpoints can be determined in each animal. Preliminary data indicate that differences in sensitivity to antiepileptic drugs may exist after damage to specific brain loci. Further investigations along these lines seem indicated as an aid in the laboratory evaluation of antiepileptic drugs. RESUME De nombreuses etudes ont montre que la susceptibilitye aux crises peut etre modifyee par les lesions cerebrales. Bien que la plupart des lesions chroniques aient concerne le cortex moteur, les lesions causees aux aires posterieures du cortex cerebral abaissent egalement le seuil convulsif. Peu ďetudes ont ete consacrees aux regions sous-corti-cales, mais on a cite des observations qui montrent que des lesions aflfectant certains noyaux sous-corticaux specifiques abaissent le seuil des crises provoquees par des substances chimiques. La facilityeďadministration et la sureteďemploi du flurothyl, qui est un convulsivant chimique, ainsi que les faibles variations qui se produisent ďun animal a Fautre et chez le meme animal, font que cette substance convient idealement pour les etudes de la susceptibilitye aux crises chez les animaux porteurs de lesions cerebrales. Des courbes constantes de correspondance entre les doses administerees et les reponses enregistrees peuvent etre etablies pour les medicaments antiepileptiques aľegard des convulsions provoquees par le flurothyl et des points terminaux multiples peuvent etre determines chez chaque animal. Certaines donnees preliminaries indiquent que des differences de sensibilityeaľegard des medicaments antiepileptiques peuvent exister apres des lesions causees a des regions cerebrales specifiques. Des etudes complementaires suivant cette methode paraissent indiquees en tant que methodes auxiliaires pour F appreciation, en laboratoire, de la valeur des medicaments antiepileptiques.
Cutaneous bullae following acute steroid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus

SUMMARY A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed severe widespread bullae following sudden steroid withdrawal. Histologically the lesion was suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with a regenerating subepidermal bulla, but immunofluorescence on non-lesional skin was typical of lupus erythematosus. Treatment led to resolution of the bullous eruption, and despite exacerbations of the patient's lupus nephropathy, the blisters have not recurred. The differential diagnosis of bullous LE is discussed.
Gloria Richardson: Breaking the Mold

In Watzlawick's (1974) book Change, the theorist discusses the therapeutic approach of paradoxical intervention. The idea behind the approach of infusing a system with an unexpected change is to, in effect, "blow" the system and provide an opportunity for the traditional configuration to be disturbed, thus creating a window for deep and lasting change. In an examination of civil rights activist Gloria Richardson, this idea comes to mind recurrently. Whereas time after time writers of the day asked, "Why would the relatively affluent Richardson become a violent Black activist?" and "Why would the small northerntown of Cambridge, Maryland, explode?" the activist herself asks, "Why not?" Both "Why?" and "Why not?" are the questions with which I approached the task of examining this woman of the civil rights movement-a woman who, for a short time, took her place among the leadership of the freedom movement. Richardson served as adult adviser to the Cambridge Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (CNCC), a branch of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from June 1962 until approximately August 1964. Identified by Giddings (1984) as "the first woman to be the unquestioned leader of a major movement" (p. 290), Richardson's influence had more impact than its smalltown associations might suggest. Richardson's leadership took the form of holding formal office in the CNCC, where at one point she was the only Black woman head of a local civil rights agency (Davis, 1981). But more importantly, Richardson helped to carve
Antigenic structure of cell surfaces, an immunoferritin study of the occurrence and topography of h-2, theta, and tl alloantigens on mouse cells.

The representation of mouse alloantigens belonging to three systems, H-2, θ and TL, on the surface of cells from thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and peritoneal cavity, was studied by electron microscopy with ferritin-labeled antibody. As expected from earlier serological data, TL was confined to thymocytes, θ was found on thymocytes and lymphocytes, and H-2 occurred to some extent on all cell types observed. On reticular cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils, the majority of the cell surface was occupied by H-2; thymocytes had considerably less H-2, and erythrocytes and peritoneal macrophages least of all. In every instance the representation of antigen was discontinuous, the fraction of the cell surface covered being characteristic both of the antigen and of the type of cell. H-2 and θ provide a striking example of this; H-2 is present in far higher amounts on lymphocytes than on thymocytes, whereas the converse is true of θ. Within areas positive for H-2 or θ, protuberances of the surface membrane were often antigen-negative. A better definition of cell surface structure, gained from studies such as this, is necessary for further inquiry into how the cell surface is assembled, and into selective gene action in relation to cellular differentiation.
Design of feedback control systems for stable plants with saturating actuators

A systematic control design methodology is introduced for multi-input/multi-output stable open-loop plants with multiple saturations. The idea is to introduce a supervisor loop so that when the references and/or disturbances are sufficiently small, the control system operates linearly as designed. For signals large enough to cause saturations, the control law is modified in such a way to ensure stability and to preserve, to the extent possible, the behavior of the linear control design. Key benefits of this methodology are: (1) the modified compensator never produces saturating control signals: (2) integrators and/or slow dynamics in the compensator never windup: (3) the directional properties of the controls are maintained; and (4) the closed-loop system has certain guaranteed stability properties. The advantages of the proposed design methodology are illustrated by the simulation of an academic example and the simulation of the multivariable longitudinal control of a modified model of the F-8 aircraft. >
Gapped-inductor foil windings with low AC and DC resistance

A new configuration for foil windings in gapped inductors reduces AC resistance while maintaining very low DC resistance. Thus, it is particularly valuable for current waveforms composed of a large DC component with high-frequency ripple. The new technique is applied to an example 50 /spl mu/H inductor in which several different winding cross sections are compared. Finite-element simulations confirm that losses can be reduced by a factor of five relative to standard foil windings.
Mutation-specific pharmacology of the long QT syndrome.

The congenital long QT syndrome is ar are disease in which inherited mutations of genes coding for ion channel subunits, or channel interacting proteins, delay repolarization of the human ventricle and predispose mutation carriers to the risk of serious or fatal arrhythmias. Though a rare disorder, the long QT syndrome has provided invaluable insight from studies that have bridged clinical and pre-clinical (basic science) medicine. In this brief review, we summarize some of the key clinical and genetic characteristics of this disease and highlight novel findings about ion channel structure, function, and the causal relationship between channel dysfunction and human disease, that have come from investigations of this disorder.
ALL-SILICON CARBIDE HYBRID WIRELESS-WIRED OPTICS TEMPERATURE SENSOR NETWORK BASIC DESIGN ENGINEERING FOR POWER PLANT GAS TURBINES

Proposed is a novel design of a fiber-remoted temperature sensor network for operation in the extreme environments of power generation gas turbines. The network utilizes a robust all-Silicon Carbide wireless-wired hybrid temperature probe design that features an all-passive front-end, active laser beam targeting, and the use of an optical wedge that eliminates optical interferometric noise in addition to serving as a partial vacuum window for the probe cavity to minimize laser beam wander due to air turbulence. An example basic network is built at the 1550 nm band using 1 × 2 micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fiber-optic switches with engineered sensor system robust performance observed at 1000°C using a custom assembled all-SiC probe with a Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) high temperature window.
An architecture for congestion management in Ethernet clusters

Interconnects for clusters and bladed systems must deliver efficient throughput, low latency, low delay variations and minimal frame drops. The primary technical issues hindering Ethernet adoption for cluster and blade system interconnects are the current methods Ethernet switches use for dealing with congestion, which can happen frequently under cluster and blade system workloads. The common response to congestion is to drop frames and the common method of avoiding the need to drop frames is to utilize very large switch buffers. In this paper, we propose a three-level approach to dealing with congestion that provides efficient throughput, low latency, low delay variations, and can eliminate frame drops, even with very modest sized switch buffers. The approach employs three levels of congestion management: 1) improved link level transient congestion control; 2) oversubscription control at layer 2 subnet ingresses, and 3) end-to-end oversubscription control by the higher layer protocols. We present compelling simulation results showing the incremental benefits provided by each level.