cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Testosterone and Testosterone Enanthate in Equine Plasma by UHPLC-MS-MS

Testosterone and testosterone enanthate are performance-enhancing substances that are banned in racehorses competing in the State of Pennsylvania (PA). A tolerance concentration of 2,000 pg mL−1 plasma has been established for testosterone in intact colts and stallions at the time they are competing in PA. Testosterone enanthate is a precursor of testosterone and can be used to boost plasma testosterone concentration above natural, age and seasonally variable plasma concentration. To control abuse, a verifiable method for rapid determination of both substances in equine plasma was needed. For this reason, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for high-throughput analysis of both analytes in equine plasma was developed. Analytes were recovered from plasma by liquid–liquid extraction using mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl acetate (50:50, v/v), separated on a C18 sub-2 μm column and detected on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization mode with selected reaction monitoring scan. SRM ion transitions of m/z 289 → m/z 97, m/z 289 → m/z 109, m/z 289 → m/z 79 were used for testosterone identification while m/z 401 → m/z 253, m/z 401 → m/z 271, m/z 401 → m/z 97 were employed for testosterone enanthate. Retention time and product ion intensity ratio were used as confirmation criteria to ascertain the presence of both analytes in equine plasma. The limits of detection, quantification and confirmation were 50 pg 0.5 mL−1, 100 pg 0.5 mL−1 and 250 pg 0.5 mL−1, respectively for both analytes. The method was validated for recovery efficiency, sensitivity, matrix effect, linearity, precision and accuracy. This method is routinely used in the PA program for androgenic anabolic steroids doping control in racehorses and in the on-going testosterone enanthate pharmacokinetics study. The method is defensible, fast, selective, specific and reproducibly reliable.
Titrimetric determination of silver, chloride and bromide in glasses

Abstract Titrimetric methods are described for the determination of total silver, free silver or free halide (Cl, Br and I), and bromide (or iodide) in glasses. Total silver is titrated potentiometrically with standard bromide solution after hydrofluoric—sulfuric acid sample decomposition followed by sodium hydrogensulfate fusion for volatilizing hydrogen halide. Free silver is determined similarly on a separate sample without the fusion step. For glasses containing excess of halide, free halide is titrated potentiometrically with standard silver(I) solution after dissolution of the sample in ice-cold hydrofluoric—nitric acid. Total bromide (or iodide) is determined by iodometric titration after oxidation to bromate (or iodate) with hypochlorite solution. The methods have been applied to a wide range of complex glass compositions and results are compared with values obtained by controlled-potential coulometry and x-ray fluorescence analysis.
Quantitative analysis of intensity-rate and intensity-latency functions in peripheral auditory nerve fibers of northern leopard frogs (Ranap. pipiens)

Abstract The intensity-rate and intensity-latency functions were analyzed quantitatively from single auditory fibers in the eighth nerve of northern leopard frogs (Rana p. pipiens). There was a firing rate change of as high as 15 impulses/s and a latency shift of as much as 1.4 ms per dB change in sound intensity. These rates of change were different for units with the same best excitatory frequency and greater for each unit studied at lower intensities than at high intensities. The significance of the latency function on central binaural time processing was discussed.
B Lymphocytes Are Resistant to Death Receptor 5-induced Apoptosis

Death Receptor 5 (DR5) induces apoptosis in various types of cells and is a potential therapeutic target. We have investigated whether targeting DR5 could be used to eliminate pathogenic B lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We examined DR5 expression and function on B lymphocytes from healthy controls subjects, SLE patients, and human tonsil. DR5 was expressed similarly on all B cell subpopulations, including resting and activated B cells. Expression of DR5 was equivalent on B cells from SLE patients and healthy subjects. Additionally, DR5 expression was unchanged after B lymphocyte stimulation. However, B cells were resistant to DR5-induced apoptosis, including after in vitro activation. No changes in subsets of B cells were observed in subjects of a trial of CS-1008, an agonist anti-DR5. While DR5 shows promise as a way to selectively eliminate tumor cells and activated synoviocytes, these data suggest DR5 alone cannot be used as a target to remove pathogenic SLE B cells.
Organized labor’s political scorecard

In Chapter 13 of their book, Richard Freeman and James Medof f (FM American firms have capitalized on productivity improvements to meet market demand with fewer workers; and the government has adopted a host of public-policy initiatives hostile to union workers, such as the narrowing of eligibility for overtime pay, imposition of onerous union financial disclosure requirements, and waiver of union rights in large parts of the federal service. The situation has stimulated a massive political response. At the AFL-CIO ' s annual Executive Council meeting in March 2004, John Sweeney pledged labor's biggest political effort ever in 2004 to influence the national elections: "Amer ica ' s unions are united for the biggest and earliest mobilization effort for the 2004 elections in the union movement ' s history" (Sweeney, March 10, 2004).
Enterohepatic Circulation of Bilirubin

THE enterohepatic circulation of bile pigment has been the subject of protracted debate. Recirculation of bilirubin, and its bacterial reduction products, the urobilinoids, has been postulated and denied1. The availability of bilirubin labelled with carbon-14 in this Laboratory2 has obviated many of the problems previously inherent in the study of bilirubin metabolism. The following is a preliminary report of investigations of the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin.
K-Ar dating young rhyolitic rocks: A case study of the Sierra La Primavera, Jalisco, Mexico

This study demonstrates the feasibility of dating by the K-Ar method an eruptive sequence of silicic volcanic rocks with ages close to the limits of conventional 14 C dating. Forty-six conventional K-Ar analyses of sanidine and glass from rhyolites of the Sierra La Primavera, Mexico, yielded dates of 5 to 150 Ka (thousand years). One-sigma errors range from 3 to 39 Ka. Although the samples contain small amounts of extraneous argon, most of the dates are consistent with relative ages determined in the field. The exceptions are dates on immediately postcaldera eruptive units, which are older than the dates for the caldera-producing ash-flow tuff. A similar result has been obtained on dating tuffs and lavas of some other Pleistocene calderas. This effect is attributed to incomplete outgassing of the larger amount of extraneous argon dissolved in magma that occupied a position deeper in the chamber than the ash-flow tuff magma and that erupted immediately after caldera collapse. We present two new error equations: One, a simple extension of the commonly used equation, demonstrates the importance of including a term for the uncertainty in the spectrometer mass-discrimination factor in the error equation. The second equation is a more rigorous formulation of the propagation of errors in the calculation of the age. It yields meaningful error estimates for all proportions of radiogenic 40 Ar, and, because it expresses the error in absolute rather than relative terms, it can be used to put an upper limit on the age of a sample when no radiogenic 40 Ar has been resolved.
Growing smooth interfaces with inhomogeneous moving external fields: dynamical transitions, devil's staircases, and self-assembled ripples.

We study the steady state structure and dynamics of an interface in a pure Ising system on a square lattice placed in an inhomogeneous external field with a profile designed to stabilize a flat interface and translated with velocity v e . For small v e , the interface is stuck to the profile, is macroscopically smooth, and is rippled with a periodicity in general incommensurate with the lattice parameter. For arbitrary orientations of the profile, the local slope of the interface locks in to one of infinitely many rational values (devil's staircase) which most closely approximates the profile. These "lock-in" structures and ripples disappear as v e increases. For still larger v e the profile detaches from the interface.
Novel Techniques for Microspectroscopy and Chemical Imaging Analysis of Soybean Seeds and Embryos

Novel methodologies are currently being evaluated for the Chemical Analysis of soybean seeds as well as developing mature soybean embryos by FT-IR/NIR Microspectroscopy. This is the first report of FT-NIR Chemical Images obtained with 1 micron resolution. NIR spectra of Proteins, Oil and DNA fibers are obtained for regions as small as 1μ^2^.
Relating daily solar ultraviolet radiation dose in salt marsh‐associated estuarine systems to laboratory assessments of photoactivated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity

Estuaries of the southeastern United States not only serve an important nursery function but also are common repositories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from upland activities. Thus, these habitats may be at risk for PAH phototoxicity. To better characterize this risk, a daily survey of ultraviolet-A (UV-A; 320-400 nm) irradiance was performed at Leadenwah Creek (Wadmalaw Island, SC, USA) on June 27 and August 1, 2003. In addition, laboratory assays were completed using two light exposure regimes: One that was typical of historical phototoxicity assessments (continuous light [C-UV]), and a more environmentally realistic regime (ER-UV). On both survey days, irradiance at a depth of 10 cm exhibited a pattern generally similar to that observed at the surface, whereas irradiance at the bottom of the creek was a function of both tidal height and time of day. Total UV-A dose at a 10-cm depth on June 27 and August 1, 2003 was 4.37 and 4.78 J/cm 2 , respectively. Attenuation coefficients on both days varied as a function of tidal height. In the laboratory, larval grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) exposed to an ER-UV regime for these habitats (photoperiod, 12:12-h light:dark; total daily UV-A dose, 4.40 J/cm 2 ) exhibited a 2.5-fold decrease in toxicity compared with those exposed to the C-UV regime (photoperiod, 24:0-h light:dark; total daily UV dose, 1.50 J/cm 2 ), despite a threefold higher UV dose in the ER-UV regime. The lower potency under the ER-UV regime likely is attributable to the presence of a 12-h dark period allowing for recovery. The consequences of these results are discussed in the context of habitat-specific UV-A dose and its relevance to future laboratory assessments of PAH phototoxicity.
Applications of the COG multiparticle Monte Carlo transport code to simulated imaging of complex objects

COG is a major multiparticle simulation code in the LLNL Monte Carlo radiation transport toolkit. It was designed to solve deep-penetration radiation shielding problems in arbitrarily complex 3D geometries, involving coupled transport of photons, neutrons, and electrons. COG was written to provide as much accuracy as the underlying cross-sections will allow, and has a number of variance-reduction features to speed computations. Recently COG has been applied to the simulation of high- resolution radiographs of complex objects and the evaluation of contraband detection schemes. In this paper we will give a brief description of the capabilities of the COG transport code and show several examples of neutron and gamma-ray imaging simulations. Keywords: Monte Carlo, radiation transport, simulated radiography, nonintrusive inspection, neutron imaging.
Effects of amlodipine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs ☆

Abstract The effects of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker amodipine on subendocardial segment shortening (%SS), regional myocardial blood flow, myocardial high-energy phosphate levels and tissue water Content were compared with those of a saline-treated group of barbital-anesthetized dogs subjected to a 45-minute coronary artery occlusion followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Saline or amlodipine (200 μg/kg administered intravenously) was given 15 minutes before coronary occlusion. There were no significant differences between groups in ischemic bed size or hemodynamies although dP/dt was higher after amlodipine administration. Subspicardial collateral blood flow was higher in the amlodipine group during coronary occlusion. After occlusion, %SS in the ischemic region was markedly decreased in both series and passive systolic lengthening resulted. Despite similar decreases In %SS during occlusion, the amlodipine-treated dogs showed a marked improvement in myocardial segment function of the ischemic reperfused region throughout 60 minutes of reperfusion compared with same-treated dogs. In addition, amlodipine prevented the rebound increase in phosphoaeathne and attenuated the loss of adenine nucleotides and increase in tissue water in the ischemic reperfused area at 60 minutes of reperfusion. These results suggest that amlodipine has a favorable effect on the functional and metabolic recovery of the ischemic reperfused myocardium and may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of coronary artery disease. The mechanism of action of amlodipine in this model is unknown but may be partially related to a drug-induced increase in coronary collateral blood flow or a decrease in afterload.
National Waste Terminal Storage Program: Progress & Status

The progress and status of the National Waste Terminal Storage Program (NWTS) is discussed. Ongoing site characterization activities are described along with waste package and repository design development efforts. Overall systems and licensing work is reviewed. These activities are set in the context of program objectives and scope, strategy implementation, and the technical and institutional impacts of pending waste management legislation, regulatory activities, and NEPA compliance.
On the balanced truncation and coprime factors reduction of Markovian jump linear systems

Abstract The paper deals with the balanced truncation and coprime factors reduction of Markovian jump linear (MJL) systems, which can have mode-varying state, input, and output dimensions. We develop machinery for balancing mean square stable MJL system realizations using generalized Gramians and strict Lyapunov inequalities, and provide an improved a priori upper bound on the error induced in the balanced truncation process. We also generalize the coprime factors reduction method and, in doing so, extend the applicability of the balanced truncation technique to the class of mean square stabilizable and detectable MJL systems. We provide tools to establish mean square stabilizability and detectability of the considered MJL systems. In addition, a notion of right-coprime factorization of MJL systems and methods to construct such factorizations are given. The error measure in the coprime factors reduction approach, while still norm-based, does not directly capture the mismatch between the nominal system and the reduced-order model, as is the case in the balanced truncation approach where mean square stable models are considered. Instead, the error measure is given in terms of the distance between the coprime factors realizations, and thus has an interpretation in terms of robust feedback stability. The paper concludes with an illustrative example which demonstrates how to apply the coprime factors model reduction approach.
X-ray photoelectron evidence for bacteria-enhanced dissolution of hornblende

An Arthrobacter species capable of extracting Fe from hornblende was isolated from a soil from the Adirondacks, NY (USA). This bacteria isolate, used in batch experiments with hornblende, accelerated the release of Fe from hornblende without measurably affecting Al release. The isolate produces both low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) and a catecholate siderophore. Polished hornblende (glass and crystal) discs were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after incubation with growing Arthrobacter sp. to investigate whether the bacteria caused a distinguishable chemical signature on the upper 100 A of mineral surface. After removal of the arthrobacter grown on hornblende crystal or glass substrates using lysozyme, XPS revealed surface depletion of Fe for samples grown for several days in buffered (crystal) and unbuffered (crystal and glass) media. Fe/Si ratios of hornblende surfaces dissolved under biotic conditions are significantly lower than Fe/Si ratios on surfaces dissolved under abiotic conditions for similar amounts of time. Enhanced Fe release and the formation of Fe-depleted surfaces is inferred to be caused by catechol complexation at the mineral surface. Because natural siderophore was not isolated in sufficient quantities to run bacteria-free leaching experi- ments, parallel investigations were run with a commercially available siderophore (desferrioxamine B). Desferrioxamine B was observed to enhance release of Fe, Si, and Al from hornblende both with and without added bacteria. Formation of desferrioxamine-Fe surface complexes were probed by studying the multiple splitting and shift in intensities of the N 1s line analyzed by XPS on siderophore 6 Fe on gold surfaces and siderophore 1 hornblende crystal surfaces. Based upon the observed formation of an hydroxamate (desfer- rioxamine) surface complex on hornblende, we infer that catecholate siderophores, such as those produced by the arthrobacter, also complex on the hornblende surface. Surface complexation is favored because of the extremely high association constants for siderophore 1 Fe(III). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic data is therefore consistent with a model wherein enhanced Fe release by these bacteria or desferrioxamine B is caused by Fe-siderophore complexation at the silicate surface. Such complexation presumably weakens bonds between the Fe and the oxide lattice, causing enhanced Fe leaching and an Fe-depleted surface. Some leaching may also be due to LMWOA, although this is interpreted to be of secondary importance. Copyright © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd
Ethanol induces apoptosis in hepatocytes by a pathway involving novel protein kinase C isoforms.

Abstract Ethanol abuse is one of the major etiologies of cirrhosis. Ethanol has been shown to induce apoptosis via activation of oxidative stress, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and tyrosine kinases. However, there is a paucity of data that examine the interplay among these molecules. In the present study we have systematically elucidated the role of novel protein kinase C isoforms (nPKC; PKCδ and PKCɛ) in ethanol-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. Ethanol enhanced membrane translocation of PKCδ and PKCɛ, which was associated with the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, p42/44MAPK and JNK1/2, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. This resulted in increased apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes. Inhibition of both PKCδ and PKCɛ resulted in a decreased MAPK activation, decreased nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1, and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, ethanol activated the tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ via tyrosine kinase in hepatocytes. The tyrosine phosphorylated PKCδ was cleaved by caspase-3 and these fragments were translocated to the nucleus. Inhibition of ethanol-induced oxidative stress blocked the membrane translocation of PKCδ and PKCɛ, and the tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ in hepatocytes. Inhibition of oxidative stress, tyrosine kinase or caspase-3 activity caused a decreased nuclear translocation of PKCδ in response to ethanol, and was associated with less apoptosis. Conclusion: These results provide a newly-described mechanism by which ethanol induces apoptosis via activation of nPKC isoforms in hepatocytes.
CHILDREN-AT-RISK IN AN INNER CITY HOSPITAL

The newborn nursery in an inner-city hosp. provides an opportunity for the detection and treatment of abnormalities in a high risk population. Twelve months of births at Boston City Hospital were reviewed to determine the incidence of conditions requiring follow up. This was the first stage of a project designed to determine the extent and sources of follow up care received. Of the 1700 live births studied, approximately 8% were found to have a major or moderate abnormality on the basis of predetermined criteria. An additional 8% were considered at risk because of a medical condition of the infant such as prematurity, hyperbilirubinemia, or RDS; and 6% because of a medical problem of a parent such as a mother with TB, syphilis, or drug and alcohol abuse. Using hosp. records, an attempt was made to locate abnormal and at risk children to determine current status. Only 10% of the sample could be located. Further attempts were made to increase follow up using Neighborhood Health Centers, Head-start, death certificates, Crippled Children Program and Housing Authority records, and were unsuccessful. Welfare data could not be obtained. The inability to find the sample suggests high geographic mobility, self referral to multiple resources for care, parental unawareness, or a resolution of the condition. If the population cpntinues to be at risk without the benefit of needed medical services, then the hosp. has failed in the important area of parental guidance and support.
Unveiling Potential Binding Sites in the Hv1 Four Helix Bundle

Hv1 is a voltage-sensor protein that plays essential roles in proton conduction, pH homeostasis and production of high-level superoxide by phagocytes. Unregulated Hv1 activity has pathological implications, such as hyper-proliferation of cancer cells and exacerbation of brain damage in ischemic stroke.Unlike other voltage-gated ion channels, Hv1 is composed by two subunits each containing a voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and lacking the pore domain. On the other hand, Hv1 shares striking similarities with the M2 proton channel of the influenza A virus (A/M2): in both cases a bundle of four helices lines a proton conduction pathway and positively charged “fragment-like” molecules act as blockers.Starting from the recently solved structure of Hv1, we combined homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations and site finding methods to unveil potential binding pockets in the most relevant conformational states. We discovered that, similarly to the case of A/M2, the distribution of water molecules inside the channel lumen is state-dependent, offering a rationale to designing novel pore blockers.
Sustainability of a practice-individualized preventive service delivery intervention

Abstract Background The long-term effect of most interventions has not been studied. Changes due to interventions to improve patient care may revert to baseline after the intervention stimulus ends. This analysis reports the 24-month follow-up of a practice-tailored intervention to increase preventive service delivery rates. Design Group randomized clinical trial with 24-month follow-up of intervention sites. Setting/participants Seventy-seven community family practices in northeast Ohio. Intervention Practice-individualized facilitation of implementation of tools and approaches. Main outcome measures Summary scores of health habit counseling, screening, and immunization services recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force that were up to date for consecutive patients during randomly selected chart review days. Results Previously reported increases in global preventive service delivery rates, health habit counseling, and screening rates at 12 months were sustained after 24 months. Conclusions A practice-individualized approach can result in sustainable increases in rates of preventive service delivery, even 1 year after the outside intervention stimulus ends. Tailoring of approaches to the unique characteristics of each practice may result in institutionalization of changes.
DNA methylation is not increased in mouse-human somatic cell hybrids

The level of DNA methylation in three mouse-human cell lines that retained different human chromosomes and in the parental mouse and human lines has been determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The level of methylation is similar in the hybrid and parental cells, indicating that interspecific somatic cell hybridization followed by preferential chromosome segregation can occur without an increase in overall DNA methylation.
THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT ACCOUNTS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANALYTICAL TOOL*

The purpose of this article is to record the history of the national income and product accounts of the United States, concentrating on the period 1932–47. During that period the single national income aggregate evolved into a set of accounts and the estimates emerged as an important analytical tool. Interviews with participants in these developments were extensively utilized to trace the events, people, ideas, and other factors which shaped the history of the accounts. The generally recognized need for economic information during the Great Depression stimulated the request that the Department of Commerce undertake what became the first official continuing series on national income in the United States. These estimates were prepared with the cooperation of the National Bureau of Economic Research and were published in 1934. By the late 1930's, estimates were extended to include income by state and a monthly series. World War II was the impetus for the development of product, or expenditure, estimates. By the mid-1940's, the estimates had evolved into a set of income and product accounts–a consolidated production account, sector income and outlay accounts, and a consolidated saving-investment account–designed to provide a bird's-eye-view of the economy. During this period uses of the accounts widened; analysis of wartime production goals and anti-inflation policy are noteworthy examples. The National Income, 1947 Edition was the culmination of a period of intensive conceptual discussion, extension of data sources, and improvement of estimating techniques. Thereafter the mainlines of development are more familiar, encompassing refinement and elaboration of the estimates and proliferation of uses.
Seawater recharge along an eastern bounding fault in Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge

[1] A transect of four boreholes was drilled at ODP Site 855 in Middle Valley, a sedimented spreading center on the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, near an eastern bounding (normal) fault. Systematic variations in pore water chemical profiles along this transect are consistent with recharge of seawater into basaltic crust along the exposed fault, followed by flow of formation fluid laterally within upper basaltic basement. Chemical data are interpreted using an advection-diffusion model, resulting in a seawater flux into the seafloor of ∼9 m3 yr−1 per meter of fault, with a specific discharge of ≥100 m yr−1. Calculations suggest that flow is confined to a thin interval within upper basaltic basement. Integrating over the 17-km length of exposed fault results in a recharge flux that is only 3% of the present day, high-temperature hydrothermal discharge in Middle Valley. Most of the seawater recharge occurs elsewhere through more transmissive pathways.
Incorporating peptides in the outer-coordination sphere of bioinspired electrocatalysts for hydrogen production

Four new cyclic 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligands have been prepared and used to synthesize [Ni(PPh2NR2)2]2+ complexes in which R is a mono- or dipeptide. These complexes represent a first step in the development of an outer-coordination sphere for this class of complexes that can mimic the outer-coordination sphere of the active sites of hydrogenase enzymes. Importantly, these complexes retain the electrocatalytic activity of the parent [Ni(PPh2NPh2)2]2+ complex in an acetonitrile solution with turnover frequencies for hydrogen production ranging from 14 to 25 s−1 in the presence of p-cyanoanilinium trifluoromethanesulfonate and from 135 to 1000 s−1 in the presence of protonated dimethylformamide, with moderately low overpotentials, ∼0.3 V. The addition of small amounts of water results in rate increases of 2−7 times. Unlike the parent complex, these complexes demonstrate dynamic structural transformations in solution. These results establish a building block from which larger peptide scaffoldin...
Addition and elimination of hydrogen and ligand substitution on triosmium clusters. Kinetics and mechanism

Abstract The kinetics of the reversible reaction HOs 3 (μ-COMe)(CO) 10 + H 2 ⇌ H 3 Os 3 (μ 3 -COMe)(CO) 9 + CO has been investigated. The reaction of HOs 3 (μ-COMe)(CO) 10 with hydrogen involves dissociation of a CO ligand prior to the rate-determining step, which is proposed to be the oxidative addition of molecular hydrogen. The reaction of H 3 Os 3 (μ 3 -COMe)(CO) 9 with CO involves rate-limiting hydrogen loss. The equilibrium constant and the competition ratio for hydrogen and CO for the unsaturated intermediate were determined. The mechanism of substitution by AsPh 3 on HOs 3 (μ-COMe)(CO) 10 also involves a CO dissociative mechanism. Based upon relative rate constants for CO, AsPh 3 , and hydrogen addition to HOs 3 (COMe)(CO) 9 , CO dissociation and hydrogen addition are proposed to occur at different metal sites.
How and How Much Can the Organization of Critical Care Services Influence Patient Outcome

Hall JD. How and how much can the organization of critical care services influence patient outcome? J Intensive Care Med 1999;14:251–253.
Management of the patient with large cell lymphoma

Lymphomas are neoplasms of B-lymphocytic (75% of cases) or T-lymphocytic (20% of cases) origin. It is now appreciated that the various sub-types of disease represent counterparts of the normal pathways of lymphoid differentiation and transformation, from resting cells to fully transformed and activated lymphoid cells. The large cell lymphomas represent a group of neoplasms, formerly grouped together and termed 'histiocytic lymphoma' which represent transformed lymphocytes, of T- or B-cell derivation. Within the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage, a recently proposed translational tool, these lymphomas fall within the 'Intermediate' or 'High-grade' disease categories. The initial evaluation of a patient with large-cell lymphoma must include a formal staging procedure, in order to ascertain the precise extent of disease, so that appropriate therapeutic decisions may be made. This evaluation is also useful for defining all sites of lymphomatous disease, so that the results of any given therapeutic intervention can be accurately assessed. For the patient with localized, stage I disease, one option would be to take the patient to formal staging laparotomy, in order to attempt to prove the presence of pathologic Stage I disease. In this instance, wide-field radiotherapy may be employed, with the chance of achieving long-term, disease-free survival of approximately 70%. Alternatively, the patient may be staged less aggressively, and given combination chemotherapy, which is also effective in low-stage disease. In patients with Stage II, III or IV large-cell lymphoma, multi-agent chemotherapy is the expected treatment modality, although some controversy currently exists regarding the optimal regimen(s).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recognizing Conventionality: Reply to Shweder and Helwig et al

Shweder and Helwig et al. attribute to my thesis a denial of objective moral law. This is a misinterpretation of the argument. On the other hand, the critics deny the implications of the social construction of reality, leading them to reject the concept of transparency. This commits them to the remarkable position that all social formations are equally transparent. Helwig et al. do not reconcile their perspective with the phenomenon of ethnocentrism. They imply that I ignore the consistent results of the majority of studies, when in fact my critique centers on the unwarranted theoretical generalizations drawn from these results. Helwig et al. also do not adequately explain the murky distinction between “marginal” and “conventional.”
In-transit melanoma: the role of alkylating-agent resistance in regional therapy.

Abstract Background Regional perfusion treatments for melanoma, using the alkylating agent melphalan, show variable responses in magnitude and duration. Surprisingly, the potential contribution of alkylating-agent resistance mechanisms to diminish tumor responses, especially the crucial cellular detoxifying system formed by glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), has remained unexplored. Objectives of this study were to characterize GSH levels and GST activity in melanoma of patients undergoing regional perfusion and examine the effect of melphalan concentration in both an in vitro human melanoma cell line and in the extremity melanoma of an in vivo rodent limb infusion model. Study design Human in-transit melanoma, muscle, subcutaneous tissue, and skin (n = 9) and metastatic regional lymph nodes (n = 7) were evaluated for GSH level and GST activity. Effects of increasing melphalan exposure on GSH and GST were studied in an in vitro human melanoma cell line. A survival human melanoma xenograft model of isolated limb infusion using increasing dosages of melphalan was used, with evaluation of GSH and GST in the recurrent tumor. Results GSH levels in human in-transit lesions and muscle were significantly higher than that of skin and subcutaneous tissue. Four of 9 patients had tumor-to-muscle GSH ratio > 1. A strong correlation was seen between in vitro melphalan dose and resultant GSH level and GST activity. In vivo recurrent tumor GSH levels correlated with increasing melphalan infusion dose. Conclusions A GSH-based resistance pathway may play a role in effecting response and toxicity to regional melphalan perfusion.
Toward the self-regulation of mood: Theory and research

Moods, defined as diffuse or global feeling states, may lead us to take self-regulatory action designed to maintain them (good moods) or eliminate them (bad moods). This paper first surveys theories that help explain the origin and nature of such feeling states and then goes on to review and evaluate evidence purporting to demonstrate that self-regulation of mood occurs. Some support was found for the idea that people in bad moods will engage in various self-gratifying or self-indulgent acts as “therapy.” Other techniques that appear to be used are alcohol consumption and self-serving cognitive processes. The evidence regarding other sorts of self-regulation is fragmentary and/or anecdotal. It is argued that research on the self-regulation of mood would profit from better theoretical development, and some ideas along these lines are offered.
Multi-variable extended mean values

On considere des fonctions dont les valeurs sont des valeurs moyennes d'une suite x=(x 0 ,..., x n ) de nombre reels. Pour une bonne paire (f,g) de fonctions, on definit une valeur moyenne E(f,g;x) de chaque suite x a valeurs dans cette intervalle
Thy-1 immunoreactivity distinguishes patches/striosomes from matrix in the early postnatal striatum of the rat

At P0, P2 and P3, islands of increased density of Thy-1-immunoreactive (Thy-1-IR) material, which coincided with the islands of dense dopaminergic axons, were noted in the striatum. By P5, the distribution of Thy-1-IR material was homogeneous throughout the developing striatum, but islands of dense dopaminergic axons persisted. The pattern of appearance of Thy-1, which is involved in extension of neurites and stabilization of synapses, suggests that it is involved in formation of connections between the substantia nigra and striatum in the developing rat brain.
LATE PEAKING OF THE T WAVE AS A DIGITALIS EFFECT.

Abstract Of 200 consecutive electrocardiograms (100 recorded in 1949, and 100 in 1958) showing “digitalis effect” (hammock-shaped RS-T, shortened Q-T, and “early” inversion of the T wave), 22 showed terminal peaking of the T wave. Of the 21 patients who could be studied, 9 had renal disease with uremia, acidosis, or hyperkalemia, 3 were receiving potassium salts, and 2 had angina pectoris. Serial tracings indicated that peaking was generally transient and related to changing electrolyte balance, occasionally persistent. In 9, none of these factors was at play; they had in common only the fact that they had heart disease and were receiving digitalis. Digitalis induces a loss of intracellular potassium. This may have an effect upon the transmembrane potential similar to that caused by an increase in extracellular potassium. The concomitance of intracellular decrease and extracellular increase in potassium concentration may explain these digitalis-induced electrocardiographic changes.
Higher taxa of basidiomycetes: an 18S rRNA gene perspective

ABSTRACTIn order to identify monophyletic groups and evaluate competing class level systems of classification, we sequenced the 18S rRNA gene from nine basidiomycetes. For phylogenetic analysis, th...
Impairment of antigen-presenting cell function by ultraviolet radiation. II. Effect of in vitro ultraviolet irradiation on antigen-presenting cells

The s.c. injection of 10 mM 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) derivatized splenic adherent cells (SACs) into syngeneic mice primes for contact sensitivity or delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) when these animals are challenged with picryl chloride on the ear or trinitrophenol (TNP)-coupled cells in the footpad, respectively. If recipient mice are exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation and are immunized with normal TNP-treated SACs, they develop marked DTH reaction upon challenge but develop limited DTH reactions if immunized with hapten-derivatized SACs that had been obtained from UV-treated recipients. Moreover, if the SACs are obtained from normal mice but are treated in vitro with UV light (1.2 to 1.4 mJ/cm2/sec over the wavelength range 280 to 340 nm at a tube to target distance of 20 cm) these cells can neither prime nor elicit hapten-specific T cell immunity in UV-treated recipients. If UV-treated TNP SACs are used to prime UV-irradiated recipients, TNP-specific suppressor T cells are generated rather than T effector cells.
The effect of heat treatment, mechanical deformation, and alloying element additions on the rate of bainite formation in austempered ductile irons

Several Alloys of Ductile Cast Iron containing various amounts of manganese, molybdenum, and nickel were austempered in the temperature range 316° to 427 °C. The rate and morphology of ferrite platelet formation (bainite reaction) were studied by optical metallography, x-ray diffraction, and hardness measurements. Austenitizing temperature, austempering temperature, and deformation by rolling were used as variables to control the kinetics of ferrite formation, stage I of the austempering reaction.
Some key considerations for high-speed civil transports

Factors affecting the development of a new generation of high-speed (supersonic/hypersonic) transports are reviewed. Market projections of growth on long-range routes indicate a potential need for faster transport aircraft by the turn of the century. A review of NASA-sponsored studies shows how both market forces and technology combine to define mission performance and vehicle design constraints. The vehicle worth and price projected for a given vehicle are shown to relate to an assumed technology level. Preliminary results from an initial set of vehicle concepts lead to the conclusion that currently projected technology will need to be enhanced with increased research to meet the first market window around the year 2000.
Development, theoretical analysis and performance evaluation of shelf type solar driers☆

Abstract A brief summary of solar driers is given. A simple shelf type drier is described and test results are outlined. The mathematical model of the multi-shelf type drier is developed and its solution using a digital computer is compared with test results to verify the mathematical formulation. Theoretical values of temperatures and drying rates are presented. Extension of the analysis for the refinement of the shelf type driers is discussed.
Negative regulation of atrial natriuretic factor receptor coupled membrane guanylate cyclase by phorbol ester. Potential protein kinase C regulation of cyclic GMP signal in isolated adrenocortical carcinoma cells of rat.

Abstract Rat adrenocortical carcinoma cells possess a high density of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) receptors which are coupled with membrane guanylate cyclase and corticosterone production. Herein we show that pretreatment of these cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a known activator of protein kinase C, attenuates the ANF-stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. The half maximum inhibitory concentration of PMA was 10 −10 M. When these cells were incubated with PMA in the presence of 1-(5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl)-2-methyl piperazine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, the PMA-mediated attenuation of ANF-stimulated cyclic GMP formation is blocked. These results suggest that protein kinase C negatively regulates the ANF-receptor coupled membrane guanylate cyclase system in these cells.
Characterization of the changes in the initial morphology for MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta polymerization catalysts

Ball-milled and precipitated MgCl 2 -supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts were characterized both as prepared and during the initial stages of polymerization (to ∼ 100 g polymer/g catalyst). It was found that the initial catalyst may be represented by a complex agglomerate of small crystallites as contrasted with the branched pore network found in Cr/silica catalysts. As a result, it is concluded that the initial fragmentation of the MgCl 2 based systems is more uniform as contrasted with the progressive fragmentation of the silica-based system
Concurrent Validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale for Clients with Schizophrenia

Although the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale is a widely utilized instrument, little data on construct validity is available about its use with clients having schizophrenia. This study compared point-specific GAF scores with concurrent ratings of symptomatology and social and occupational impairments using the Functional Assessment Rating Scale (Ward & Dow, 1994). A linear multiple regression analysis of empirical data from investigations of clients' global functioning showed that increased work and school-related problems, danger to others, and psychotic symptoms predicted lower GAF scores. In general, GAF scores seem to reflect the construct of global psychological, social, and occupational functioning that the scale was designed to measure.
Effect of Thiocyanate, Perchlorate and Other Anions on Plasma Protein-Thyroid Hormone Interaction in Vitro

The effect of perchlorate, thiocyanate and other thyroid-blocking anions upon thyroid hormone-plasma protein interaction of the rat was studied in vitro by 2 methods: the uptake of labeled thyroxine (131I-T4) and triiodothyronine (131I-T3) by muscle and electrophoresis of plasma containing 131I-T4. Increases in the anion concentration and the uptake by muscle were parallel in the presence of dilute plasma, while, in the absence of plasma, there was no anion effect upon muscle uptake. The increaseincrease in muscle uptake paralleled the known activity of each thyroid blocking anion (C1O4 -> SCN->BF4>NO3>C1O3). Other anions (Cl-, BrO3- and MnO4-), known to be ineffective in blocking thyroid iodide transport, failed to increase the muscle uptake of 131I-T4 in the presence of plasma. Electrophoresis on acrylamide and starch gel indicated an in vitro displacement of 131I-T4 from prealbumin-albumin area in the presence of thyroid-blocking anions. {Endocrinology 82: 47, 1968)
Evaluating the Effect of Smart Parking Technology on Campus Parking System Efficiency using Discrete Event Simulation

This study investigated the effect of smart parking systems (SPS) on parking search times (PST) in large parking lots. SPSs are systems that disseminate parking spot availability to drivers. The pa...
Scanning tropospheric ozone and aerosol lidar with double-gated photomultipliers

The Ozone Profiling Atmospheric Lidar is a scanning four-wavelength ultraviolet differential absorption lidar that measures tropospheric ozone and aerosols. Derived profiles from the lidar data include ozone concentration, aerosol extinction, and calibrated aerosol backscatter. Aerosol calibrations assume a clear air region aloft. Other products include cloud base heights, aerosol layer heights, and scans of particulate plumes from aircraft. The aerosol data range from 280 m to 12 km with 5 m range resolution, while the ozone data ranges from 280 m to about 1.2 km with 100 m resolution. In horizontally homogeneous atmospheres, data from multiple-elevation angles is combined to reduce the minimum altitude of the aerosol and ozone profiles to about 20 m. The lidar design, the characterization of the photomultiplier tubes, ozone and aerosol analysis techniques, and sample data are described. Also discussed is a double-gating technique to shorten the gated turn-on time of the photomultiplier tubes, and thereby reduce the detection of background light and the outgoing laser pulse.
Comparative evaluation of miRNA expression between in vitro and in vivo airway epithelium demonstrates widespread differences

Airway epithelial cells cultured at an air–liquid interface bear many hallmarks of in vivo cells and are used extensively to study the biology of the lung epithelium. Because miRNAs regulate many cellular functions, we postulated that miRNA profiling would provide an unbiased assessment of the effects of in vitro culturing. RNA was extracted from primary airway epithelial cells either immediately after cell procurement (in vivo condition) or after air–liquid interface culture was established (in vitro condition). We assessed 742 miRNAs and determined differential expression between in vivo and in vitro conditions. Air–liquid interface culturing of airway epithelial cells caused widespread changes in miRNA expression. A similarly extensive alteration in gene expression was observed in an independent set of publicly available microarray data. We integrated miRNA and gene expression results to identify culture-induced differences in transcriptional programs (including several involved in epithelial injury and repair). Air–liquid interface cultures are useful models for studying airway biology, but the present findings indicate that, despite phenotypic similarities with primary cells, these culture systems profoundly perturb miRNA and gene expression. Studies of lung epithelium based on in vitro culture should therefore be designed and interpreted with an appreciation of the limitations of air–liquid interface culture systems.
Relation between apexcardiographic a wave and posterior aortic wall motion

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, an apexcardiogram and an aortic root echocardiogram were recorded in 24 patients. Eleven patients (46 percent) had a ratio of atrial to total amplitude (aOE ratio) greater than 14 percent in the apexcardiogram, and all patients had a left atrial systolic posterior aortic wall motion after the conduit period that was greater than 50 percent of the total posterior aortic wall excursion as measured from the O to V points (AOV ratio) on the echocardiogram. Only 2 of 24 patients (8 percent) had an echographic A/OV ratio greater than 0.5 with an apexcardiographic aOE ratio of less than 14 percent. There was a significantly (P <0.001) high degree of positive correlation between the apexcardiographic aOE ratio and the echographic AOV ratio (r = 0.81), the aOE ratio and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.82), and the AOV ratio and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.75). It is concluded that the amplitude of posterior aortic root motion during atrial systole in relation to total posterior aortic wall motion may provide a useful index for the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular compliance and end-diastolic pressure.