cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Einsatzgebiete von Supercomputern in der Automobilindustrie

Die Automobilindustrie ist heute einer der Hauptanwender modernster Rechner und Rechnerprogramme. Der Grund liegt in der gewachsenen Leistungsfahigkeit der Rechenanlagen, mit deren Hilfe es heute moglich ist, Millionen von mathematischen Operationen pro Sekunde bei einer Speicherfahigkeit von Hunderten von Megabytes auszufuhren. Zusatzlich existieren eine Vielzahl von Rechnerprogammen, die in den fruhen Phasen der Auslegung von Automobilen eingesetzt werden konnen. Diese Hilfsmittel sind dringend notwendig, um den gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Entwicklung von Automobilen gerecht zu werden.
Data-centric development of architecture models with the DM2 and MS-SDF

The Department of Defense Architecture Framework's (DoDAF) [1]data-centric development paradigm offers the potential for depth in architecture data and flexibility in presentation styles aimed at decision support. However the architecture development methodology advocated in versions 2.0 and upwards is a significant shift in approach, compared to prior versions. The framework specification, supporting literature and exemplar implementations fail to offer enough detail on a number of pertinent issues, among them executable modeling and architecture analysis, and the technology or tooling requirements which will facilitate their implementation. As part of ongoing research efforts aimed at addressing this gap this paper offers an overview of the literature on architecture modeling methodologies specifically tailored to the DoDAF, and propose the Modeling and Simulation Systems Development Framework (MS-SDF) [2] as a coherent and comprehensive approach for modeling within the DoDAF.
Evolution of the EUV Background from Quasar Absorption Line Studies

The integrated extreme ultraviolet. (EUV) radiation from quasars and other high redshift sources provides an ambient ionizing radiation field which may photoionize the gas seen as quasar absorption lines. In particular, the observed evolution of the Lyα forest clouds probably results in part from the evolution of the EUV metagalactic field. Estimates of the EUV field as a function of redshift can be made from measuring the “proximity effect” in quasar spectra; uncertainties in these estimates may be large. Given the uncertainties, the estimated EUV field at z≈3 derived from the proximity effect is in reasonable agreement with the expected contribution from luminous quasars.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in PSEN1-Related Spastic Paraparesis Reveals Widespread White Matter Abnormalities (P6.218)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate white matter changes in familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) patients with spastic paraparesis (SP) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). BACKGROUND: Though FAD due to PSEN1 mutations typically recapitulates late onset AD, it can have unusual clinical features including SP. SP is seen with specific PSEN1 mutations and is frequently associated with “cotton wool” amyloid plaques. The pathophysiology underlying SP in FAD is not well understood, though disproportionate degeneration of the corticospinal tracts has been implicated. DESIGN/METHODS: We compared white matter integrity in two persons with the A431E PSEN1 mutation with early and severe SP to that of 8 symptomatic PSEN1 mutation carriers without SP from DTI images obtained on a 3T Siemens Trio scanner using 64 direction EPI sequence. Fractional Anisotropy (FA) images were generated using FSL Diffusion Toolbox. FA images were then processed using FSL Tract Based Spatial Statistics toolbox to obtain group level voxel-based statistical maps. RESULTS: The patients with SP were men, mean age of 48, duration of illness of 5.5 years, and CDR SOB scores of 8.5. The 8 subjects without SP (5 men) had various PSEN1 mutations, mean age of 54 years, illness duration of 4.6 years, and CDR SOB scores of 6.1 (all p-values n.s.). Using the false discovery rate to correct for multiple comparisons, significantly lower FA were seen in subjects with SP in widespread areas including in the orbitofrontal region, corpus callosum, bilateral precentral gyri and the anterior limb of the right internal capsule. The reverse contrast revealed no areas in which persons without SP had lower FA relative to those with SP. CONCLUSIONS: SP is the most evident clinical manifestation of widespread FA decreases in persons with the A431E PSEN1 mutation, suggesting it may be mediated by a generalized effect of this mutation on white matter. Study Supported by: PHS K08 AG-22228, DIAN NIA U19 AG032438, the UCLA CTRI 1UL1-RR033176, ADRC P50 AG-16570, GCRCP M01-RR00865 Disclosure: Dr. Soosman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Braskie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wharton has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ringman has received personal compensation for activities with Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and StemCells, Inc. Dr. Ringman has received research support from Janssen, Pfizer Inc, Accera, Bristol-Myer Squibb Company, and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals.
Characterization of an electrothermal plasma with polymer and metal source materials

Pulsed electrothermal (ET) plasma sources were originally used as ignition sources for electrothermal chemical weapons and secondary rail gun armature. An ET system consists of a discharge capacitor and accompanying electronics. The capacitor discharges through an electrode, normally comprised of tungsten, which sends current to ground through an insulating liner. The liner can be any insulating material that is subject to dissociation and ablation due to joule heating.
The Dot Com Effect: the impact of e-commerce announcements on the market value of firms

The media hype surrounding the growth of electronic commerce has led to considerable firm interest in making the significant investments required to participate in this growing market. However, the evidence on benefits to firms from e-commerce is far from unequivocally positive, as popular accounts would lead us to believe. In this paper, we explore the following questions: What are the economic returns to firms from engaging in ecommerce? How do the returns to non-net, brick and mortar firms from e-commerce initiatives compare with returns to the new breed of net firms? How do returns from business-to-business e-commerce compare with returns from business-to-consumer e-commerce? We examine these issues using event study methodology and assess the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) for 305 e-commerce announcements between October and December 1998. The results suggest that e-commerce initiatives announced in this period do indeed lead to positive CARs for firms. However, the hypothesis drawing on the resource-based view of the firm: that the CAR to non-net firms is significantly more than the CAR to net firms is not supported. Further, the CARs associated with business-to-consumer e-commerce announcements are higher than the CARs for business-to-business ecommerce, a result contrary to the hypothesized direction. The results are robust to the removal of outliers and time windows of varying length between firm announcements and capital market adjustments of prices. Most importantly, the magnitudes of CARs (between 3% and 11%) observed in response to e-commerce announcements are considerably larger than those observed for a variety of firm actions in the prior literature. This paper presents the first empirical test of the dot com effect, validating the popular notion that capital markets recognize the transformational potential of e-commerce and expect significant future benefits to firms entering into ecommerce arrangements. What did the CEO say to the CIO? Nice website, but what is it doing for our business?
Drug interactions involving immunologic agents. Part I. Vaccine-vaccine, vaccine-immunoglobulin, and vaccine-drug interactions

Information about immunologic drug interactions is needed by pharmacists to make rational drug-use decisions. Previously, reports of interactions involving vaccines, immune globulins, and immunodiagnostic reagents were widely dispersed. In this two-part review article, over 50 individual and categorical interactions are described, as are dozens of vaccine-vaccine and vaccine-immunoglobulin, and vaccine-drug interactions are reviewed in this first part. Vigilance by all pharmacists is needed to detect previously unreported immunologic drug interactions and to further assess known interactions.
The Effects of Superior Temporal Cortex Lesions on the Processing and Retention of Auditory Information in Monkeys (Cebus apella)

Three monkeys with extensive preoperative training on visual and auditory memory tasks (delayed matching-to-sample), an auditory pattern-discrimination task, and a visual serial-order task, received bilateral lesions of the superior temporal (ST) cortex in two stages, with testing after each lesion. Unilateral ST cortex lesions resulted in only moderate auditory memory impairments, whereas bilateral ST cortex lesions resulted in severe auditory memory impairments. The bilateral ST cortex lesions also resulted in severe impairments in the ability to relearn the auditory pattern-discrimination task. In contrast to the auditory impairments, neither unilateral nor bilateral ST cortex lesions had any effect whatsoever on either visual memory or visual serial-order behavior. These findings indicate that the ST cortex plays a role in auditory processing and retention similar to that played by the inferior temporal cortex for visual processing and retention.
Conformational dynamics of STIM1 activation

The binding of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) to ORAI calcium channels is critical for store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), a calcium influx pathway conserved among nearly all vertebrate cells. Although many major steps of this pathway are well understood, crucial details regarding the mechanism of STIM1 activation remain unclear. A study in this issue provides important new insights into the conformational changes that occur during STIM1 activation.
SOURCE CREDIBILITY AND DIMENSIONAL STABILITY: A TEST OF THE LEATHERS PERSONAL CREDIBILITY SCALE USING PERCEPTIONS OF THREE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES '

A sample of 407 university students completed the Leathers Personal Credibility Scale on each of the three candidates for President after the final 1992 televised presidential debate. A factor anal...
Teratoma of the face associated with a patent canal extending into the cranial cavity (Rathke's pouch) in a three-week-old child.

Abstract A midline facial teratoid mass associated with a patent Rathke's Pouch has not been, reported previously. Such a case was encountered in a three-week-old white female who subsequently underwent surgery for repair of the facial defect. At the time of excision, the teratoma was found to connect with a passage which emitted spinal fluid. The mass had previously been shown to have its own EEG pattern, but at autopsy it had no direct neuronal connection with the brain of the infant. However, the canal opening into the anterior portion of the sphenoid bone contained extensions of the meninges and remnants of pituitary tissue.
Urinary tract reconstruction: Applied urodynamics

Sixty-four patients underwent urinary reconstruction guided by urodynamic investigation. Twenty-eight patients had myelodysplasia (MM) and 26 had spinal cord injuries (SCI). Operative outcomes were assessed by repetitive urodynamic testing. Bladder reservoir function and detrusor contractile activity were correctly assessed in all 64 patients. Operative creation of a more adequate reservoir was required in 58 patients. Assessment of urethral continence function was inaccurate in six instances wherein we judged urethral sphincter function adequate when, in fact, it was not. Ureteral function was judged radiographically or by furosimide renography, or Whitaker perfusion testing. In the two instances where ureteral function was in doubt, it made no difference in outcome. There was a striking resolution of ureteral radiographic abnormalities after reconstruction which we attribute to the low-pressure reservoir.
Depressed mood and marital conflict: Relations to maternal and paternal intrusiveness with one-year-old infants

This study examined how depressed mood and marital conflict affect mothers' and fathers' intrusive behavior with their infants, and how the relationships among these variables differ by interactive context. Sixty-two families with 12-month-old infants (31 girls) participated. Mothers and fathers were each observed with their infant in a 15-minute free-play session and an open-ended teaching task session. Parents also completed self-reports of depressed mood and marital conflict. Regression analyses revealed that mothers' appraisal of marital conflict mediated the effect that their depressed mood had on their intrusive parenting during the teaching task. In contrast, depressed mood was directly related to less intrusiveness for both mothers and fathers in the free-play session. Differences in how depressed mood and marital conflict affect parenting behavior of mothers and fathers are discussed, and the role of context in better understanding how depressed mood and marital conflict impact parents of infants is highlighted.
Evaluation of residents, faculty, and program.

In the evaluation of residents, attention should be directed toward the purpose of the evaluation, the content to be assessed, the evaluators, the residents being evaluated, the settings in which the evaluations take place, the timing of the evaluations, the methods used to collect and summarize the information about each resident, and the management of information by the program. Problems in resident evaluation systems used by local internal medicine residency programs were identified by the American Board of Internal Medicine Hospital Visit Program through visits to training programs. The most common problems cited by program directors, attending faculty, and residents are outlined in Figure 1 (1, pp 63–64). Solutions to these problems include counseling of evaluators; improving communication among all involved regarding performance, criteria, and expectations; and developing an early warning system for residents with problems. Poor feedback to residents was cited as a problem by all three groups and will be addressed later in this article.
Diagnostic value of breast proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 1.5T in different histopathological types.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for characterizing breast lesions at 1.5T, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of in vivo breast 1H-MRS using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. 112 patients (99 malignant and 13 benign tumors) who were scanned with the MRI/MRS protocol were included in this study. Choline-containing compounds (tCho) levels were measured and compared with histological findings. The measured tCho levels in this work had range of 0.08–9.99 mmol/kg from 65 (66%) of 99 patients with malignant tumors. Of the 13 benign lesions, 1H-MRS detected one as false positive, with tCho level of 0.66 mmol/kg. The optimal tCho level cutoff point that yielded the highest accuracy was found to be >0.0 mmol/kg. The resulting sensitivity was 66% and specificity 92% for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. The tCho levels were found to be higher in invasive cancer compared to ductal carcinoma in situ or benign lesions, possibly associated with more aggressive behavior or faster cell replication in invasive cancer. Quantitative in vivo 1H-MRS may provide useful information for characterizing histopatholoigical types in breast cancer.
Synthetic inhibitors of glucocerebroside beta-glucosidase.

The glucocerebrosidase of human placenta was studied with various potential inhibitors. Several compounds that resemble the lipoidal product of enzyme action, ceramide, proved to be excellent inhibitors, acting by mixed modes (primarily noncompetitively). These were N-decyl-oL-erythro-3-phenyl-2-amino-l.3-propanediol and several p-substituted derivatives. These compounds were also highly effective in rat spleen toward glucocerebroside and p-nitrophenyl fi-glucoside as substrates. The compounds were inactive toward the analogous enzyme, galactocerebrosidase of rat brain, and were slightly stimulatory toward the rat brain enzyme which makes galactocerebroside. Longer and shorter N-alkyl groups proved to be less effective. Decanoic acid amides of phenylaminopropanediol and related compounds proved to be relatively inert, although some were stimulatory. Deoxycorticosterone P-glucoside was a moderately effective noncompetitive inhibitor and is apparently hydrolyzed by a different glucosidase. p-Nitrophenyl P-glucoside was also a moderately effective inhibitor, acting by mixed modes. p-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate was a good inhibitor, presumably acting on a sensitive cysteine residue. It is concluded that cerebrosidase contains two sensitive sites, one catalytic and the other allosteric. each containing an important anionic group and able to bind glucosides and ceramide-like compounds.
Nanoscale measurements of the assembly of collagen to fibrils.

Abstract Observing the self-assembly of collagen from single collagen monomers to higher order fibrils and fibers provides a bottom-up approach to engineering its ultrastructure in comparison to structural studies of already formed collagen fibers. This approach can be used for the fabrication of controlled collagen-based biomaterials with varying mechanical properties. Here, we investigate the time-dependent self-assembly of collagen into single fibrils in vitro through high resolution imaging of collagen type 1 prior to fibrillogenesis. This was confirmed by comparing persistence length and diameter in controlled experiments and studying the morphology and mechanical properties of nanoscale collagen fibrils through AFM nanoindentation measurements. The Young's modulus of these collagen fibrils was estimated to be around 1 GPa in the dehydrated state. The stability and mechanical characteristics of collagen obtained in these experiments indicate the hierarchical assembly occurs at both a structural and mechanical level.
Solid–fluid equilibria in natural gas systems

Abstract Solid–fluid equilibria (SFE) in natural gas systems were calculated using a number of equations of state (EOS) including the Redlich–Kwong–Soave (RKS) equation, the Peng–Robinson (PR) equation, the Patel–Teja (PT) equation, and a Lennard–Jones (LJ) equation of state. A number of mixing rules were used with one of the equations of state to study the effect of the mixture model on calculations of SFE. The natural gas systems studied included n -alkanes in supercritical carbon dioxide and n -alkanes in ethane. The predictive capabilities of the equations were examined by extrapolation to high pressures and temperatures where the extrapolated results were compared with experimental results.
Helping students assess parenting education needs.

A card-sort exercise based on the tenets of adult education and Q methodology was developed to offer baccalaureate nursing students an alternative to current approaches to assessing parents' needs for education on home visits. The card sort was designed to facilitate parents' self-diagnosis of learning needs in relation to infant care and postpartum self care behaviors; emphasize the importance of parents' role in the assessment process; and promote structured mutuality in home visiting. The technique was field tested on student home visits to new parents and was evaluated as an effective aid for engaging parents in the assessment process.
Somatosensorimotor function of the superior colliculus, somatosensory cortex, and lateral hypothalamus in the rat

The role of the superior colliculus in multimodal sensory function is unsettled, in large part because a clear distinction between the somatosensory effects and the postural/motor effects of damage to the deep layers of the superior colliculus has not been obtained. Unilateral lesions of the entire superior colliculus impair orienting of the head and eyes to tactile, visual, and auditory stimuli presented on the side of the body contralateral to the lesion; however, even in the absence of sensory stimulation animals with such a lesion tend to circle ipsiversively and fail to make contralateral head movements. To determine whether or not unilateral damage to the superior colliculus produces a somatosensory asymmetry independently of head movement/circling biases, a neurological test was used in which lateral head or trunk movements were not required. Small pieces of adhesive-backed paper were attached to each forelimb and the latencies to contact and remove the stimuli were recorded. A battery of standard neurological tests was administered as well. The entire superior colliculus was removed unilaterally, and for comparison, the sensorimotor cortex or lateral hypothalamus were damaged in additional groups. Lesions of the superior colliculus produced the expected deficit in contralateral orienting and ipsilateral circling/postural biases, but failed to produce a somatosensory asymmetry in the head movement-independent sensorimotor test. In contrast, both sensorimotor cortex and lateral hypothalamus lesions produced a severe asymmetry in the head-movement-independent sensorimotor test. We conclude that the superior colliculus is involved in the control of lateral head movements and that its role in somatosensory function is fundamentally different from that of the sensorimotor cortex or lateral hypothalamus regions.
Measuring species diversity to determine land-use effects on reptile and amphibian assemblages

Populations of herpetofauna are declining globally primarily due to land-use practices (e.g., silviculture or conversion to agriculture) and declines require monitoring of all herpetofauna communities. Therefore, forest management plans for Bull Neck Swamp, a pocosin wetland in North Carolina, USA, initiated an inventory of the herpetofauna community. Our objectives were to: (1) derive diversity measures for four designated habitat preserves (i.e., Atlantic whitecedar [ Chamaecyparis thyoides ], Pond pine [ Pinus serotina ], Non-riverine Swamp, and Shoreline/Islands) and a Forest manageable area, (2) determine if there were benefits to habitat preserves for the herpetofauna community, and (3) provide recommendations for future monitoring. We employed 11 different sampling techniques across the four habitat preserves and Forest manageable area. Species richness estimates and similarity indices were derived using EstimateS 8.0. For post hoc comparisons, we derived species distributions with the Nestedness Temperature Calculator Program. Observed species richness ranged from 7 to 32 species (S = 13 to 44) and abundances ranged from 99 to 873 individuals. Similarity indices suggested species compositions were similar among habitats. Further, nestedness temperature (T = 12.6°C) indicated an even species distribution among assemblages. Comparable similarity indices among habitats, an even species distribution, and habitat continuity suggested management practices would have little impact on the herpetofauna community. Nevertheless, future management practices should be carefully considered and planned to mitigate effects to individual species. We recommend studies employ species richness, relative abundance, species composition, and distribution as conservation tools when inventorying or monitoring herpetofauna communities.
Differential carrier lifetimes and efficiency of InGaN/GaN quantum well and quantum dot light emitting diodes

Temperature-dependent efficiency and differential carrier lifetimes have been measured on InGaN/GaN quantum well and quantum dot LEDs. The roles of Auger recombination and carrier leakage in LED efficiency roll-off are elucidated.
Annual variations in sea surface height northeast of the Hawaiian Islands

[1] A decade-long satellite altimeter data set is used to analyze the annual variations in the sea surface height (SSH) field northeast of the Hawaiian Islands. The annual harmonic amplitudes for the SSH and the along-island geostrophic flow are 2–4 cm and 2–4 cm s−1, respectively. Although these values are an order of magnitude smaller than the regional mesoscale eddy signals, the annual SSH signals have a robust spatial structure that can be expressed as a function of distance northeastward away from the Hawaiian Islands. The annual SSH signals are then described by using trapped annual waves and a basin-scale non-propagating signal. Using the linearized vorticity equation, we suggest that the trapped annual waves are baroclinic Rossby waves that decay from the Hawaiian Islands.
Interpretive sociology and Paul ricoeur

Consider that human behavior is meaningful. Consider also that this meaningfulness presents certain difficulities for those who would engage in its scientific study. Within the social sciences, a tradition of Blumer, Cicourel, and a number of others stemming back beyond Weber has insisted on the centrality of meaning in human interaction. At the same time, this tradition has met with continual difficulities when it comes to calibrating the emphasis on meaning with the aims of a rigorous science. Two sorts of difficulties in particular deserve mention?those pertaining to historicity and those relating to Verstehen. "Historicity" is a shorthand for the long-recognized problem of authentically extracting generalities from unique and transient events. Each human interaction is a unique moment in history, so that generalizations across a number of interactions distort them or fail to preserve the uniqueness of each event. Blumer (1969) and others have linked up this emphasis on the changing, processual aspect of human interaction with the thesis that social interaction is fundamentally a process of interpreting meanings. The point for Blumer then becomes to develop a methodology ("the methodology of symbolic interactionism") that taps this process rather than ignoring its fundamental feature. This highlighting of uniqueness, interpretation, and concomitant methodological difficulties has been given a further twist in writings commonly associated with ethnomethodology. Wilson (1970) says that within the interpretation process of social interaction different meanings stand in a part/whole interrelation such that generalization becomes even more problematical. The extraction of meanings from their contexts becomes both a phenomenon for study in its own right and a methodological problem besetting all generalizations (see also Cicourel, 1974; Coulter, 1971). A temporal dimension also contributes to and rounds out the overall problem of historicity. Historical sociology in particular faces this problem: If an event is to be understood by reference to the epoch in which it occurred,
Relationship between Colony Morphology and the Life Cycle of Haemophilus influenzae: The Contribution of Lipopolysaccharide Phase Variation to Pathogenesis

Colonies of Haemophilus influenzae are heterogeneous in appearance because of phase variation in opacity. The only cell surface component found to have structural variation correlating with differences in opacity was the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Changes in LPS structure, seen as migration patterns on tricine-SDS-PAGE, appeared to be independent of a previously described mechanism for generating LPS phase variation. The more transparent variants expressing a higher-molecular-weight LPS were serum sensitive and could efficiently colonize the infant rat nasopharynx after intranasal inoculation. In contrast, the fully opaque variant expressing a smaller-molecular-weight LPS was serum resistant, unable to colonize the nasopharynx, and more virulent when intraperitoneally administered. Organisms disseminating into the blood-stream from the nasopharynx changed phenotype from transparent to opaque. These findings demonstrate the potential importance of LPS structures that determine opacity in pathogenesis and colonization of mucosal surfaces.
A comparison of two methods for the preparation of 3-Deazapurine ribonucleosides

The reaction of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 4,6-dichloroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine with 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosyl bromide gave four nucleosides-the α- and β-anomers of the 1-isomer and the α- and β-anomers of the 3-isomer (3.9:2.7:1.5:1). In contrast, the fusion reaction of 4,6-dichloroimidazo[4,5-c ]pyridine with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranose gave a high yield of the 1-β-isomer, which was converted to the known 3-deazaadenosine (4-amino-l-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine).
Adriamycin and bleomycin, alone and in combination, in gynecologic cancers.

Treatment with adriamycin (ADM) and bleomycin (BLEO) alone and in combination has been evaluated in 56 patients with a variety of advanced stage gynecologic cancers. ADM has a high degree of antitumor activity against uterine sarcomas (leiomyosarcoma and stromal sarcoma) and some of the unusual ovarian cancers including ovarian teratoma. ADM was also active and gave clinically worthwhile responses against squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and vagina. Occasional objective remissions were seen ip patients with epithelial ovarian adenocarcinomas. The combination of ADM plus BLEO appeared to show no enhancement of the effect achieved by ADM alone. There were no objective responses in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with BLEO alone. The usual toxic manifestations of ADM and BLEO were observed, and there appeared to be no potentiation of the toxicity of each agent when used in combination. It is concluded that ADM is a valuable chemotherapeutic agent for certain gynecologic cancers which are usually refractory to other chemotherapeutic agents. Further investigation of its use alone and in combination with other drugs is indicated.
Quantitative Radioisotope Measurements with the NSF-Arizona Regional Accelerator Facility

Results of tests on the tandem accelerator mass spectrometer (TAMS) at the University of Arizona are presented. These results demonstrate: (a) measurements of 14C/13C ratios with precisions of a few percent can be made in a period of one to several hours; (b) measurements with precisions of 0.5% have been made in which the uncertainties were mainly statistical and in which contributions to the uncertainty of machine fluctuations were negligible; (c) precise measurements of the ratio of 14C/13C in samples of N.B.S. oxalic acid and of 1890 wood are consistent with the accepted value of that ratio; (d) the real signal from a 44,000 year old sample is equal to the background rate produced from a dead carbon sample. In addition, results of some measurements on archaeological samples are presented.
Analysis of Malpighian tubule membrane proteins from Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract A method had been developed for radioactively labelling and analyzing the membrane proteins of Malpighian tubules and other tissues obtained by dissections from Drosophila melanogaster larvae. A fraction was identified on sucrose gradients which binds concanavalin A , and is labelled by galactose oxidase reduction. This fraction was examined in the electron microscope and found to contain membraneous structures. The membrane proteins were analyzed following fractionation of dissected tissues using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Animals were made radioactive by feeding larvae on yeast which was grown in a medium containing [ 32 S]sulphate. The membrane fraction of Malpighian tubules contains approx. 125 major spots. Of these, about 50% seem to be common to the membranes of several cell types. The remainder of the membrane proteins appear to be tissue type specific.
Similar Document Search and Recommendation

Query formulation is one of the most difficult aspects of search, especially for a novice user. We propose a new search interaction where the user searches with a reference document and the system learns from the user inputs over a period of time to “push” relevant and new content without additional user interaction. Our method is based on identifying key phrases from the input document. The key phrases are used to query a search engine and the results are evaluated for similarity to the original document. By caching documents received from a user over a period of time, a user profile is built. The profile is then used to provide recommendations to the user. Evaluations show that this method has a good precision in finding documents of interest to the user. Also our key phrase extraction method has good recall in retrieving the input document. Additional experiments reveal that our recommendation system is of help in exploring documents of interest to the user.
Positron annihilation study of strontium doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductors

Abstract Doppler broadened lineshapes of the gamma lines from positron annihilation in Y(Ba 2−x Sr x )Cu 3 ) 7− δ superconductors were measured with x = 0.0 to 1.2. Results are indicative of additional oxygen vacancies introduced by doping.
Analysing design-oriented dialogues: a case study in conceptual data modelling

Abstract Although several question typologies have been elaborated to respond to the needs of knowledge system users, they lend only limited support to the generation of advice and explanations related to design applications. Different tasks lead to different types of questions that require different kinds of schemata to answer them. In this article, a methodology for analysing design oriented dialogues and a typology of question and response types for implementing a question-answering facility for design are presented. The paper describes the approaches used to analyse the exchange between the target user of a cooperative system for conceptual data design anti a domain expert, The analysis of the data has led to the identification of a classification scheme to describe user-expert interactions and to the specification of a question-answering mechanism. As a result, 12 question-types are assumed relevant to design applications, The main question categories include Elaboration (e.g. ‘Tell me about ;’), Enablement (e.g. ‘How do I decide if I should ?’), Validation-Current-Model (e.g. ‘Check the validity of ’), Validation-Future-Model (e.g. ‘Should I ?’) and Clarification (e. g. ‘Do you mean that …’). A framework for generating responses to 11 of the 12 question-types has been implemented, The ultimate goal of this work is the specification of a dialogue management facility for a variety of engineering design applications.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in children.

Obesity has emerged as a significant new health problem in the pediatric population. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an entity in the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from fat in the liver -- simple steatosis, NASH/ steatohepatitis -- fat with inflammation and/or fibrosis to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis when fat may no longer be present. NASH is associated with obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertriglyceridemia. While majority of individuals with risk factors like obesity and IR have steatosis only a minority develop steatohepatitis, possible mechanisms have been discussed. Clinical experience with pediatric NASH is limited. Children generally present in the prepubertal age group, have a male predominance with a higher incidence in children of Hispanic origin. Body mass index (BMI) of 25-29.9 is considered to be overweight and that > or =30 obese. Acanthosis nigricans as a marker of IR should be looked for. As NASH is a diagnosis of exclusion, other causes of chronic liver disease must be excluded. Increased echogenicity in the liver is noted on ultrasound. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard in establishing the diagnosis. Histopathological lesions thought to be necessary for diagnosis of NASH include steatosis (macrovesicular > microvesicular), mixed mild lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning. A system of grading depending on degree of steatosis and/or inflammation and staging depending on the extent of fibrosis has also been proposed. Although there is no consensus for the treatment for NASH, effort needs to be made to prevent development of fibrosis, which results in cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Slow, consistent weight loss has been shown to be effective in childhood NAFLD, based on improvement of serum aminotransferases or liver sonogram. A low glycemic index diet has been shown to be more effective than a low fat diet in lowering BMI. Family based behavioral intervention may also enhance success with diet. Several pharmacological agents have been used including ursodeoxycholic acid, vitamin E, betaine, n-acetyl cysteine, and insulin sensitizing agents like metformin, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone. Transplantation for overt NASH is rare, accounting for 40% are not used routinely. Prognosis in NASH is dependent not only on severity and number of risk factors but also on the degree of histological damage. Clinical trials are needed to identify an effective treatment that halts the progression of NAFLD to NASH in both pretransplantation and post-transplantation patients.
Understanding the Behavioural Paradigm in Property Research

AbstractTo seek its definition, the behavioural approach to real estate research fits into a model of research paradigms. The general framework, underlying psychological theories, data generation and data evaluation methods for the approach are identified. The existing literature is organised and discussed. The findings support the view of the real estate decision maker as a problem solver seeking efficiency and pursuing potentially biasing simplifying heuristics to overcome limitations in human information processing. Some results are consistent with an agency bias and the hypothesis that some heuristic behavior may be the unconscious, routinised response to pervasive agent-client concerns.
Phenylalanine metabolism in Microtus montanus chronically infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.

Abstract 1. 1. Alterations in phenylalanine metabolism were observed in Microtus montanus infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 2. 2. Reductions were found in the incorporation of phenylalanine into free amino acid pools and into proteins of the liver and other organs of infected animals. 3. 3. Increased quantities of phenylpyruvate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and pyruvate were found in the urine of infected Microtus. 4. 4. There appeared to be very limited conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in infected animals. This suggested that either phenylalanine transaminase activity was greatly elevated in proportion to phenylalanine hydroxylase activity; or that phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was actually reduced during the infection.
FGF as a Target-Derived Chemoattractant for Developing Motor Axons Genetically Programmed by the LIM Code

LIM transcription factors confer developing axons with specific navigational properties, but the downstream guidance receptors and ligands are not well defined. The dermomyotome, a transient structure from which axial muscles arise, is the source of a secreted long-range chemoattractant specific for medial-class spinal motor neuron axons (MMCm axons). We show that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) produced by the dermomyotome selectively attract MMCm axons in vitro. FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression is restricted to MMCm neurons, and conditional deletion of FGFR1 causes motor axon guidance defects. Furthermore, reprogramming the identity of limb-innervating motor neurons to that of dermomyotome-innervating MMCm cells using the LIM factor Lhx3 induces FGFR1 expression and shifts an increased number of motor axons to an FGF-responsive state. These results point to a role for FGF signaling in axon guidance and further unravel how downstream effectors of LIM codes direct wiring of the developing nervous system.
Comparison of treatment plans for lower extremity arterial occlusive disease made with electrocardiography-triggered two-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography.

Abstract Background: The purpose of the study was to determine whether preoperative treatment plans for patients with lower extremity ischemia can be made with electrocardiography (EKG)-triggered two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) as accurately as digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Methods: Forty patients were prospectively evaluated with the combination of EKG-triggered 2D TOF MRA, DSA, and pulse volume recordings. Blinded reviewers graded arterial segments for disease severity. Accuracy of separate MRA- and DSA-based treatment plans was compared with the procedures performed based on all available information. Results: There was an 86% exact match between MRA- and DSA-based plans (92% MRA and 94% DSA accuracy). The MRA-based plan accurately predicted 90% of suprainguinal and 95% of infrainguinal procedures, whereas the DSA-based plan accurately predicted 100% of suprainguinal and 85% of infrainguinal procedures. Two-year primary patency was 83% for all procedures. Radiologists’ review of disease severity resulted in a mean exact correlation between studies of 81% (κ = 0.64). The agreement between radiologists interpreting the MRA was 84% (κ = 0.7) compared with 82% (κ = 0.66) for the DSA. Conclusions: MRA- and DSA-based preoperative management plans were of comparable efficacy. Significant interobserver variability was seen with the interpretations of both preoperative studies. EKG-triggered 2D TOF MRA can be used to plan arterial reconstructions; however, all patients require arterial pressure measurements prior to suprainguinal repair and confirmatory intraoperative angiography during infrainguinal revascularization.
Virus transport during infiltration of a wetting front into initially unsaturated sand columns.

We investigated the effect of different flow conditions on the transport of bacteriophage ϕX174 in Memphis aquifer sand. Virus transport associated with a wetting front moving into an initially unsaturated horizontal sand column was experimentally compared with that observed under steady-state saturated vertical flow. Results obtained by sectioning the sand columns show that total (retained and free) resident virus concentrations decreased approximately exponentially with the travel distance. The rate of decline was similar under both transient unsaturated flow and steady-state saturated flow conditions. Total resident virus concentrations near the inlet were an order of magnitude greater than the virus concentration of the influent solution in both experiments, indicating continuous virus sorption during flow through this zone. Virus retardation was quantified using the ratio of the centroids of the relative saturation and virus concentration versus relative distance functions. The mean retardation facto...
Changes in volcanic hazard exposure in the Northwest USA from 1940 to 2100

This investigation frames volcano disaster potentialities for the US Pacific Northwest by assessing the interaction of the region’s growing population and affiliated housing development with volcanic hazards. Changes in human and residential exposure to the hazards are measured for a period of 1940 through 2100 by employing fine-scale (100 m) historical, current, and forecast demographic data derived from a spatial allocation model. Forecast population and housing unit density data from the model are based on societal change scenarios generated by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This ensemble approach reveals variations and uncertainties in the future hazard exposures, illustrating an envelope of volcano disaster possibilities. The demographic data are evaluated using a three-step, worst-case, downscaling approach by first calculating possible regional impacts before measuring volcano proximal and, thereafter, local hazard consequences. Results indicate that the Northwest regional study area is forecast to experience as much as a 445 % increase in total population and 1336 % amplification in housing unit counts from 1940 to 2100. The Mount Rainier proximal and local hazard analyses reveal the greatest overall increase in the total population and housing units for the entire period of record, whereas the Glacier Peak proximal and local hazard zone are forecast to experience the greatest percentage increase in population and housing units. These findings may be used by emergency managers, land planners, insurers, decision makers, and the public to discover changes in volcanic hazard risk and exposure within their communities, as well as assess potential mitigation and sustainability options.
Influence of isoflurane on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in dogs.

The authors studied the influence of locally administered isoflurane anesthesia on the pulmonary vascular response to regional alveolar hypoxia (hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction [HPV]) over a range of cardiac outputs (COs) in seven mechanically ventilated, closed-chest dogs. The right lung was ven
Evidence for en bloc incorporation of exogenous oligonucleotides into HeLa cell RNA

3H uridine and 3H guanosine labeled oligonucleotides were separately produced by degradation of high molecular weight RNA by endogenous intracellular ribonucleases of HeLa cells. After incubation of this low molecular weight RNA with HeLa cells under conditions limiting labeled mononucleotide incorporation, significant label was found in high molecular weight 18s RNA, but not in 28s RNA. The label in the 18s RNA was alkali labile and remained with the 18s RNA peak under denaturation conditions. Actinomycin in the incubation mixture prevented the appearance of label in the 18s RNA. These results raise the possibility that exogenous oligonucleotide segments can be incorporated en bloc into RNA.
Resistively bridged harmonic filter for power converters [with disscusion and author reply]

A commonly used form of harmonic filter for the ac side of mercury-arc power converters (rectifiers or inverters) consists of several series-resonant branches connected in parallel. Each branch is tuned to one of the principal harmonic frequencies generated by the converter.
Investigation of Tin films reactively sputtered using a sputter gun

Abstract TiN films were prepared by reactive sputtering of titanium in a gas mixture of argon and nitrogen using a sputter gun. The properties of the sputtered films were investigated with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, electrical resistivity and optical reflectivity measurements, X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. For a given input power to the sputter gun the film properties depend on the gas composition, the bias voltage applied to the substrates and oxygen contamination during sputtering. In addition, it was found that powering the sputter gun with r.f. causes an iron contamination in the films by material sputtered off the plasma confinement shield. This contamination is very much reduced when d.c. is employed to power the sputter gun.