cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deformations of quantum symmetric algebras extended by groups

Abstract We discuss a general construction of a deformation of a smash product algebra coming from an action of a particular Hopf algebra. This Hopf algebra is generated by skew-primitive and group-like elements, and depends on a complex parameter. The smash product algebra is defined on the quantum symmetric algebra of a finite-dimensional vector space and a group. In particular, an application of this result has enabled us to find a deformation of such a smash product algebra which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first known example of a deformation in which the new relations in the deformed algebra involve elements of the original vector space. Using Hochschild cohomology, we show that the resulting deformations are nontrivial by giving the precise characterization of the infinitesimal.
Nuclear Electric Dipole Moment of 3He

A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of a physical system would require time-reversal (T) violation, which is equivalent to charge-conjugation-parity (CP) violation by CPT invariance. Experimental programs are currently pushing the limits on EDMs in atoms, nuclei, and the neutron to regimes of fundamental theoretical interest. Nuclear EDMs can be studied at ion storage rings with sensitivities that may be competitive with atomic and neutron measurements. Here we calculate the magnitude of the CP-violating EDM of {sup 3}He and the expected sensitivity of such a measurement to the underlying CP-violating interactions. Assuming that the coupling constants are of comparable magnitude for {pi}-, {rho}-, and {omega}-exchanges, we find that the pion-exchange contribution dominates. Finally, our results suggest that a measurement of the {sup 3}He EDM is complementary to the planned neutron and deuteron experiments, and could provide a powerful constraint for the theoretical models of the pion-nucleon P,T-violating interaction.
Segmentation of three dimensional cell culture models from a single focal plane

Three dimensional cell culture models offer new opportunities for development of computational techniques for segmentation and localization. These assays have a unique signature of a clump of cells that correspond to a functioning colony. Often the nuclear compartment is labeled and then imaged with fluorescent microscopy to provide context for protein localization. These colonies are first delineated from background using the level set method. Within each colony, nuclear regions are then bounded by their center of mass through radial voting, and a local neighborhood for each nucleus is established through Voronoi tessellation. Finally, the level set method is applied again within each Voronoi region to delineate the nuclear compartment. The paper concludes with the application of the proposed method to a dataset of experimental data demonstrating a stable solution when iterative radial voting and level set methods are used synergistically.
An update on the middle levels problem

The middle levels problem is to find a Hamilton cycle in the middle levels, M"2"k"+"1, of the Hasse diagram of B"2"k"+"1 (the partially-ordered set of subsets of a 2k+1-element set ordered by inclusion). Previously, the best known, from [I. Shields, C.D. Savage, A Hamilton path heuristic with applications to the middle two levels problem, in: Proceedings of the Thirtieth Southeastern International Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory, and Computing (Boca Raton, FL, 1999), vol. 140, 1999], was that M"2"k"+"1 is Hamiltonian for all positive k through k=15. In this note we announce that M"3"3 and M"3"5 have Hamilton cycles. The result was achieved by an algorithmic improvement that made it possible to find a Hamilton path in a reduced graph (of complementary necklace pairs) having 129,644,790 vertices, using a 64-bit personal computer.
URBAN GROWTH EXTERNALITIES AND NEIGHBORHOOD INCENTIVES: ANOTHER CAUSE OF URBAN SPRAWL?*

This paper suggests a cause of low density in urban development or urban sprawl that has not been given much attention in the literature. There have been a number of arguments put forward for market failures that may account for urban sprawl, including incomplete pricing of infrstructure, environmental externalities, and unpriced congestion. The problem analyzed here is that urban growth creates bene…ts for an entire urban area, but the costs of growth are borne by individual neighborhoods. An externality problem arises because existing residents perceive the costs associated with the new residents locating in their neighborhoods, but not the full bene…ts of new entrants which accrue to the city as a whole. The result is that existing residents have an incentive to block new residents to their neighborhoods, resulting in cities that are less dense than is
On stability and performance of sampled-data systems subject to wordlength constraint

In this paper we study the effects of finite-precision controller implementation on the stability and performance of sampled-data systems. A framework is presented in which these effects can be analyzed from a statistical point of view. We analyze the behavior of finite-precision controllers at fast sampling rates and consider the problem of /spl Lscr//sub 2/-induced norm minimization, subject to a wordlength constraint. >
Well-posedness for the Heat Flow of Biharmonic Maps with Rough Initial Data

This paper establishes the local (or global, resp.) well-posedness of the heat flow of biharmonic maps from ℝn to a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary for initial data with small local BMO (or BMO, resp.) norms.
Leading-order seismic imaging using curvelets

Curvelets are plausible candidates for simultaneous compressionofseismicdata,theirimages,andtheimagingoperator itself. We show that with curvelets, the leading-order approximation in angular frequency, horizontal wavenumber, and migrated location to common-offset CO Kirchhoff depth migration becomes a simple transformation of coordinates of curvelets in the data, combined with amplitude scaling. This transformation is calculated using map migration, whichemploysthelocalslopesfromthecurveletdecomposition of the data. Because the data can be compressed using curvelets, the transformation needs to be calculated for relatively few curvelets only. Numerical examples for homogeneous media show that using the leading-order approximationonlyprovidesagoodapproximationtoCOmigrationfor moderate propagation times.As the traveltime increases and raysdivergebeyondthespatialsupportofacurvelet;however, the leading-order approximation is no longer accurate enough. This shows the need for correction beyond leading order,evenforhomogeneousmedia.
The index of a vector field on an orbifold with boundary

A Poincare‐Hopf theorem in the spirit of Pugh is proven for compact orbifolds with boundary. The theorem relates the index sum of a smooth vector field in generic contact with the boundary orbifold to the Euler‐Satake characteristic of the orbifold and a boundary term. The boundary term is expressed as a sum of Euler characteristics of tangency and exit-region orbifolds. As a corollary, we express the index sum of the vector field induced on the inertia orbifold to the Euler characteristics of the associated underlying topological spaces.
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on components of the transforming growth factor beta-1 pathway: implication for dietary modification and prevention in ovarian cancer.

Objective We previously demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids (OM-3FAs) have definitive inhibitory effects on ovarian cancer cell lines. We sought to determine whether the inhibitory effects of OM-3FAs were mediated by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling pathway. Study Design Ovarian cancer cell lines were grown at 37°C in 5% CO 2 and treated with OM-3FAs, omega-6 fatty acids, and control at different concentrations for 24-72 hours. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay and Western blot analysis were used to measure TGF-β1, phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)-3 and p21 protein levels. Results An ELISA assay demonstrated that OM-3FA treatment increased TGF-β1 in all 3 Hey cell lines ( P Conclusion OM-3FAs increased the level of TGF-β1, Smad-3, and p21 protein in ovarian cancer cells known to be more sensitive to their inhibitory effect.
EXTREMAL RAYS AND NULL GEODESICS ON A COMPLEX CONFORMAL MANIFOLD

A holomorphic conformal structure on a complex manifold X is an everywhere non-degenerate section for some line bundle N. In this paper, we show that if X is a projective complex n-dimensional manifold with non-numerically effective Kx and admits a holomorphic conformal structure, then X ≅ ℚn. This in particular answers affirmatively a question of Kobayashi and Ochiai. They asked if the same holds assuming c1 (X) > 0. As a consequence, we also show that any projective conformal manifold with an immersed rational null geodesic is necessarily a smooth hyperquadric ℚn.
Microscopic formulation of the hierarchy of quantized Hall states

Explicit wave functions for the hierarchy of fractionally quantized Hall states are proposed, and a method for integrating out the quasiparticle coordinates in the spherical geometry is developed. Their energies and overlaps with the exact ground states for small numbers of particles with Coulomb interactions are found to be excellent. We then generalize the adiabatic transport argument of Arovas, Schrieffer, and Wilczek to evaluate quasiparticle charges and statistics, and show that none of the proposed states is the exact ground state of any model Hamiltonian with two-body interactions only.
Quasilinear and Hessian equations of Lane-Emden type

The existence problem is solved, and global pointwise estimates of solu- tions are obtained for quasilinear and Hessian equations of Lane-Emden type, including the following two model problems: or viscosity sense has been an open problem even for good data fi E Z>s(fi), s > 1. Such results are deduced from our existence criteria with the sharp exponents s = n(q~p+1) for the first equation, and s = ^ for the second one. Furthermore, a complete characterization of removable singularities is given. Our methods are based on systematic use of Wolff's potentials, dyadic models, and nonlinear trace inequalities. We make use of recent advances in potential theory and PDE due to Kilpelainen and Maly, Trudinger and Wang, and Labutin. This enables us to treat singular solutions, nonlocal operators, and distributed singularities, and develop the theory simultaneously for quasi- linear equations and equations of Monge- Ampere type.
Cell-based sensors for quantifying the physiological impact of microsystems

Microsystems are increasingly used in the manipulation, patterning and sorting of cells. Critical to the widespread adoption of these new technologies is development of an understanding of their impact on cellular physiology. Here we show the integration of a cell-based sensor, a microfabricated electrical screening platform, and quantitative imaging to enable the first large-scale physiological screens of the impact of microsystems on cells. To perform physiological screening, we developed a cell-based sensor that reports on stress-mediated transcription (via Heat Shock Factor 1 induced expression of GFP). This cell-based sensor was quantitatively characterized using automated imaging. The integration of this quantitative physiological sensor with a microfabricated system enabled the execution of multiplexed screens across electric field strength, frequency, and application duration. Voltage sweeps indicate increasing physiological stress with increasing voltage due to Joule heating, while frequency sweeps indicate increased stress at lower frequencies ( 1 MHz) due to generation of reactive species at lower frequencies. Combined voltage and frequency sweeps enable the generation of complex maps of physiological state.
Negotiated Transfer Pricing: Is Fairness Easier Said than Done?

Questionnaire responses reported by Luft and Libby (1997) reveal that transfer price negotiators expect fairness‐based price concessions that moderate the influence of an outside market price when the outside market price strongly favors one of the parties. We examine whether these expectations of fairness extend to the actual prices that result from real‐cash negotiations. Findings indicate that expectations of fairness‐based price concessions do not survive actual negotiations when participants negotiate over a computer network with no communication other than bids, asks, and acceptances. Conversely, both expectations and actual negotiated outcomes reflect fairness‐based price concessions when participants negotiate in a face‐to‐face setting with unrestricted communication. Together, these results imply that the extent to which questionnaire‐based judgments of social behavior generalize to actual behavior depends on the whether the competitive environment suppresses or reinforces the social presence nec...
Exclamative Clauses: At the Syntax-Semantics Interface

Sadock and Zwicky (1985) define clause types as a pairing of grammatical form and conversational use.' In this paper we discuss exclamatives within the context of this notion of clause type. We argue that exclamatives are not a purely semantic or pragmatic category expressed by a variety of unrelated syntactic forms; rather, the diverse realizations of exclamatives all share certain syntactic characteristics. These represent the defining semantic properties of this clause type. Thus, ours is a study of the syntaxlsemantic interface and its application to the study of exclamatives, and to the notion of clause types more generally. The syntactic part of our claim is both interesting and difficult because of the diversity of forms which are plausibly to be categorized as exclamatives. Consider, for example:
Surface-strain effects on photorefractive gratings.

Taking the crystal surface to be traction free, we calculate the lattice distortions and associated elasto-optic refractive-index changes induced by a photorefractive grating. The surface effects are significant and result in refractive-index changes near the surface that differ considerably from bulk values. Such surface effects should be of importance in thin-film photorefractive devices, in thin samples, and in certain situations in bulk crystals.
Almost optimal intervention sets for causal discovery

We conjecture that the worst case number of experiments necessary and sufficient to discover a causal graph uniquely given its observational Markov equivalence class can be specified as a function of the largest clique in the Markov equivalence class. We provide an algorithm that computes intervention sets that we believe are optimal for the above task. The algorithm builds on insights gained from the worst case analysis in Eberhardt et al. (2005) for sequences of experiments when all possible directed acyclic graphs over N variables are considered. A simulation suggests that our conjecture is correct. We also show that a generalization of our conjecture to other classes of possible graph hypotheses cannot be given easily, and in what sense the algorithm is then no longer optimal.
Propargyl Radical Chemistry: Renaissance Instigated by Metal Coordination

ConspectusOver the last two decades, radical chemistry of propargyl systems was developed into a potent synthetic field providing access to classes of organic compounds that are otherwise hardly accessible. The levels of diastereoselection thus achieved (up to 100%) are unprecedented for free propargyl radicals, as well as for organic radicals π-bonded to transition metals. These advances were enabled by the coordination of the triple bond to a Co2(CO)6 core that precluded an acetylene–allene rearrangement, stabilized requisite propargyl cations, created conformational constraints at the carbon–carbon bond formation site, configurationally altered the acetylenic moiety allowing for 1,3-steric induction upon the newly formed stereocenters, increased bulkiness of propargyl triads thus controlling the spatial orientation of converging radicals, and allowed for α-to-γ projection of the reaction site and alteration of the transiency of radical intermediates.In the course of these studies, a number of popular “...
Radiation therapy of seminoma of the testis

This study is a review of 66 patients with a diagnosis of testicular seminoma, treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, from 1959 to 1978. Sixty-four of the patients were diagnosed as pure seminomas and two as spermatocytic type. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 75 years with a median of 39. Fifty-four patients (82%) presented with swelling or mass in the testis, 7 patients with pain, 1 patient with hydrocele, and 4 patients had seminoma diagnosed incidentally. The distribution was equal for both right and left sides. There were 39 (59%) and 27 (41%) patients in stages I and II, respectively. All stage I patients received only infradiaphragmatic irradiation by a "hockey stick" field, and the majority of them received a dose of 3,200-3,600 rads in 3-4 weeks time. Stage II patients received elective irradiation to the mediastinum and neck region, in addition to the infradiaphragmatic irradiation. The 5-year actuarial survival rates for stage I and II seminomas are 96% and 92%, respectively. There were no serious complications during follow-up. The role of elective irradiation in stage I disease is discussed with a brief review of the literature.
Understanding and predicting synthetic lethal genetic interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using domain genetic interactions

Background: Synthetic lethal genetic interactions among proteins have been widely used to define functional relationships between proteins and pathways. However, the molecular mechanism of synthetic lethal genetic interactions is still unclear. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that yeast synthetic lethal genetic interactions can be explained by the genetic interactions between domains of those proteins. The domain genetic interactions rarely overlap with the domain physical interactions from iPfam database and provide a complementary view about domain relationships. Moreover, we found that domains in multidomain yeast proteins contribute to their genetic interactions differently. The domain genetic interactions help more precisely define the function related to the synthetic lethal genetic interactions, and then help understand how domains contribute to different functionalities of multidomain proteins. Using the probabilities of domain genetic interactions, we were able to predict novel yeast synthetic lethal genetic interactions. Furthermore, we had also identified novel compensatory pathways from the predicted synthetic lethal genetic interactions. Conclusion: The identification of domain genetic interactions helps the understanding of originality of functional relationship in SLGIs at domain level. Our study significantly improved the understanding of yeast mulitdomain proteins, the synthetic lethal genetic interactions and the functional relationships between proteins and pathways.
An observation on highest weight crystals

Abstract In this paper, we observe that a certain local property on highest weight crystal graphs forces a more global property. In type A, this statement says that if a node has a single parent and single grandparent, then there is a unique walk from the highest weight node to it. This crystal observation was motivated by certain representation-theoretic behavior of the affine Hecke algebra of type A. In other classical types, there is a similar statement. This walk is obtained from the associated level 1 perfect crystal, B 1 , 1 . (It is unique unless the Dynkin diagram contains that of D 4 as a subdiagram.)
Pseudocycles and integral homology

We describe a natural isomorphism between the set of equivalence classes or pseudocycles and the integral homology groups of a smooth manifold. Our arguments generalize to settings well-suited for applications in enumerative algebraic geometry and for construction of the virtual fundamental class in the Gromov-Witten theory.
Wild and Wooley Numbers

The wild integer semigroup W(Z) consists of the integers in the multiplicative semigroup generated by { 3n+2 2n+1 : n ≥ 0} and 1 2 . The wild numbers are the irreducible elements in W(Z). The paper presents evidence that the wild numbers are the set of all prime numbers excluding 3. The smaller semigroup W0(Z) of integers in the semigroup generated by { 3n+2 2n+1 : n ≥ 0} are called the Wooley integer semigroup, and its irreducible elements are called Wooley numbers. This semigroup is shown to be recursive, and various open problems are formulated about Wooley integers.
Theory of Interactive Combustion of Counterflow Premixed Flames

The framework of large activation energy asymptotics is used in an investigation of the extinction characteristics of two interacting premixed flames in counterflow configuration, analyzing the interactive combustion modes of two lean premixed flames, two rich premixed flames, and one of each type of flame separated by a diffusion flame. Regions corresponding to symbiotic combustion of two lean or two rich premixed flames exist in which either flame will be extinguished in the absence of the other. Conditions for the existence of superadiabatic flames within mixtures outside of the conventional flammability limit compositions are established, and practical implications of flame interaction for combustion in inhomogeneous mixtures are discussed.
The choice of cooperative strategies in sealed bid auctions

Abstract Isaac and Walker (1985) demonstrated that stable cooperative agreements are often formed in sealed bid auctions. By extending the experimental environment to multiple, simultaneous sealed bid auctions, it is possible to not only examine whether bidders collude in experimental auctions, but also to determine the strategies they choose in order to implement their collusive agreements. Bidders have a variety of strategies, as opposed to the single auction, that they may select from. In the experiments reported, bidders often choose cooperative strategies that are consistent with truthful revelation of their values. However, bidders occasionally select strategies that ignore individual incentive compatibility. An analysis of the choice of strategies in different informational and distributional environments as well as of the auction outcomes provides some insights into these unusual choices.
The Schwarz lemma at the boundary

The most classical version of the Schwarz lemma involves the behaviour at the origin of a bounded, holomorphic function on the disc. Pick's version of the Schwarz lemma allows one to move the origin to other points of the disc. In this article we explore versions of the Schwarz lemma at a boundary point of a domain (not just the disc). Estimates on derivatives of the function, and other types of estimates as well, are considered. We review recent results of several authors, and present some new theorems as well.
A Novel PDMS Microfluidic Spotter for Fabrication of Protein Chips and Microarrays

A novel polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) microfluidic spotter system has been developed for the patterning of surface microarrays that require individually addressing each spot area and high probe density. Microfluidic channels are used to address each spot region, and large spot arrays can be addressed in parallel. Fluorescence intensity measurement of dye-spotted samples compared to control and pipetted drops demonstrated a minimum of three-fold increase in dye surface density compared to pin-spotted dyes. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement of protein-spotted samples as compared to pin-spotted samples demonstrated an 86-fold increase in protein surface concentration. The spotting system has been applied successfully to protein microarrays for SPR applications, in both a 12-spot linear and 48-spot two-dimensional (2-D) array format. This novel spotter system can be applied to the production of high-throughput arrays in the fields of genomics, proteomics, immunoassays, and fluorescence or luminescence assays
Bounds on the Segal-Bargmann transform of L p functions

This article gives necessary conditions and slightly stronger sufficient conditions for a holomorphic function to be the Segal-Bargmann transform of a function inL p (ℝ d , ρ) where ρ is a Gaussian measure. The proof relies on a family of inversion formulas for the Segal-Bargmann transform, which can be “tuned” to give the best estimates for a given value of p. This article also gives a single necessary-and-sufficient condition for a holomorphic function to be the transform of a function f such that any derivative of f multiplied by any polynomial is in Lp ( d , ρ). Finally, I give some weaker but dimension-independent conditions.
Interdisciplinary product design education

An approach to experimental education is presented that has succeeded at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in motivating both engineering and management students to orient their academic studies and career plans towards design activities. The course emphasizes that product development is an interdisciplinary function requiring skills that span traditional departmental boundaries. The authors consider the demands of modern design practice in order to specify a model for educating design professionals. They describe the motivation for a new way of teaching design, and outline some of the difficulties in meeting this challenge. The course taught at MIT is described, and some related issues are addressed. The information distributes the results of experience in product design education to educators and practitioners. >
Incorporating societal concerns into communication technologies

Considers how scientists and policy makers are designing and advocating the use of technologies to proactively protect or serve societal values. These include protecting minors from indecent content, protecting privacy, and protecting intellectual property rights.
Highly active chiral ruthenium catalysts for asymmetric ring-closing olefin metathesis.

The synthesis of olefin metathesis catalysts containing chiral, monodentate N-heterocyclic carbenes and their application to asymmetric ring-closing metathesis (ARCM) are reported. These catalysts retain the high levels of reactivity found in the related achiral variants (1a and 1b). Using the parent chiral catalysts 2a and 2b and derivatives that contain steric bulk in the meta positions of the N-bound aryl rings (catalysts 3−5), five- through seven-membered rings were formed in up to 92% ee. The addition of sodium iodide to catalysts 2a−4a (to form 2b−4b in situ) caused a dramatic increase in enantioselectivity for many substrates. Catalyst 5a, which gave high enantiomeric excesses for certain substrates without the addition of NaI, could be used in loadings of ≤1 mol %. Mechanistic explanations for the large sodium iodide effect as well as possible mechanistic pathways leading to the observed products are discussed.
Choosing Language: Social Service Framing and Social Justice

Summary Traditional social service language is embedded in an ideological framework that views individuals as the primary source of their predicaments and the solution to their problems, ignoring racism, poverty and other structural inequities. Stigmatizing language serves to maintain those inequities and reduce the collective sense of responsibility to address them. Social service providers who care about social justice, but do not understand the relationship between language and the larger social vision they want to help create, may unwittingly undermine their own project by reinforcing the language of hegemony.
Time-Split Finite-Volume Method for Three-Dimensional Blunt-Body Flow

An efficient numerical method for calculating plane, axisymmetric, and fully three-dimensional blunt-body flow is presented. It is a second-order-accurate, time-dependent finite-volume procedure that solves the Euler equations in integral conservation-law form. These equations are written with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system in which an embedded mesh adjusts in time to the motion of the bow shock that is automatically captured as part of the weak solution. With such an adjusting mesh, oscillations in flow properties near the shock are shown to be virtually eliminated. The scheme uses a time-splitting concept that accelerates the convergence appreciably. Comparisons are made between computed and experimental results.
Synthesis, Stability, and Crystal Chemistry of Dibarium Pentatitanate

Only ZrO2 was found to stabilize the phase previously reported as “Ba2Ti5O12.” A metastable phase corresponding to this compound was found to form between 650° and 675°C from hydrolyzed ethoxide precursors. The stability was increased to ∼850°C by the addition of 1 to 2 mol% Nb2O5 to the precursor solutions. Addition of 5 mol% SnO2 failed to yield appreciable amounts of this phase in solid-state preparations, contrary to the previous report. Addition of 8 mol% ZrO2, however, did produce the desired phase as reported, both with and without additional Nb2O5, apparently stable to >1300°C. Small single crystals, picked from a ZrO2-stabilized specimen with 1 mol% Nb2O5, showed the compound Ba2Ti5-xZrxO12 to be a 10-layer structure, triclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic with A-centered symmetry and a =9.941(5), b= 11.482(4), c= 23.528 (10) × 10–1 nm. The corresponding reduced triclinic unit cell has a = 9.941, b= 11.482, c= 13.090 × 10–1 nm, α= 116.01°, β= 90.0°, γ= 90.0°.
A Note on N = 2 Superstrings

In this note we investigate the generalized critical N=2 superstrings in (1, 2p) spacetime signature. We calculate the four-point functions for the tachyon operators of these theories. In contrast to the usual N=2 superstring in (2, 2) space-time, the four-point functions do not vanish. The exchanged particles of the four-point function are included in the physical spectrum of the corresponding theory and have vanishing fermion charge.
MAGPIS: A Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey

We present the Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey (MAGPIS), which maps portions of the first Galactic quadrant with an angular resolution, sensitivity and dynamic range that surpasses existing radio images of the Milky Way by more than an order of magnitude. The source detection threshold at 20 cm is in the range 1-2 mJy over the 85% of the survey region (5{sup o} < l < 32{sup o}, |b| < 0.8{sup o}) not covered by bright extended emission; the angular resolution is {approx} 6''. We catalog over 3000 discrete sources (diameters mostly < 30'') and present an atlas of {approx} 400 diffuse emission regions. New and archival data at 90 cm for the whole survey area are also presented. Comparison of our catalogs and images with the MSX mid-infrared data allow us to provide preliminary discrimination between thermal and non-thermal sources. We identify 49 high-probability supernova remnant candidates, increasing by a factor of seven the number of known remnants with diameters smaller than 50 in the survey region; several are pulsar wind nebula candidates and/or very small diameter remnants (D < 45''). We report the tentative identification of several hundred H II regions based on a comparison with the mid-IR data; they range in size from unresolved ultra-compact sources to large complexes of diffuse emission on scales of half a degree. In several of the latter regions, cospatial nonthermal emission illustrates the interplay between stellar death and birth. We comment briefly on plans for followup observations and our extension of the survey; when complemented by data from ongoing X-ray and mid-IR observations, we expect MAGPIS to provide an important contribution to our understanding of the birth and death of massive stars in the Milky Way.
Organizational Buffering: Managing Boundaries and Cores

Organizations generally are more innovative, relevant, and responsive when they are exposed to market influences, yet they must regulate or limit the impact of outside influences to operate efficiently. This dynamic organization-environment tension has inspired the creation of several models of organizational buffering which delineate the systematic exposure and insulation of organizations from environmental uncertainty. We review three buffering paradigms — core, minimalist, and dispersed — and attempt to synthesize a model which weaves these perspectives together. The key to understanding functional and dysfunctional buffering lies with the organization’s requisite variety and continuous or discontinuous environmental change.
EFFICIENT SYNTHESES OF PYROFOLIC ACID AND PTEROYL AZIDE, REAGENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYL-DIFFERENTIATED DERIVATIVES OF FOLIC ACID

Reaction of folic acid (1) with excess trifluoroacetic anhydride provides access to both the previously unknown N10-(trifluoroacetyl)pyrofolic acid (8) and pyrofolic acid (9). Reaction of either of these materials with hydrazine selectively affords pteroyl hydrazide (13), which may be oxidized to pteroyl azide (27) on a large scale (62% overall from 1 without the need for chromatography). Treatment of 27 with differentially protected glutamates provides a convenient and high-yielding synthesis of differentially protected, optically pure folates.
Characterization of Two Distinct Structural Classes of Selective Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 Inhibitors.

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) catalyze the irreversible oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acid. Alterations in ALDH1A1 activity are associated with such diverse diseases as cancer, Parkinson's disease, obesity, and cataracts. Inhibitors of ALDH1A1 could aid in illuminating the role of this enzyme in disease processes. However, there are no commercially available selective inhibitors for ALDH1A1. Here we characterize two distinct chemical classes of inhibitors that are selective for human ALDH1A1 compared to eight other ALDH isoenzymes. The prototypical members of each structural class, CM026 and CM037, exhibit submicromolar inhibition constants but have different mechanisms of inhibition. The crystal structures of these compounds bound to ALDH1A1 demonstrate that they bind within the aldehyde binding pocket of ALDH1A1 and exploit the presence of a unique glycine residue to achieve their selectivity. These two novel and selective ALDH1A1 inhibitors may serve as chemical tools to better understand the contributions of ALDH1A1 to normal biology and to disease states.
Enantiopure N-acyldihydropyridones as synthetic intermediates. An asymmetric synthesis of solenopsin A

Abstract The trans-piperidine alkaloid, (-)-solenopsin A, was prepared in seven steps from readily available 4-methoxy-3-(triisopropylsilyl)pyridine in 43% overall yield.
Should I repeat my 1:2s QC rejection?

RESULTS: The false-rejection rates for the repeatsampling strategies were similarly low to those of the 1:3s QC rule. The error detection rates for the repeatsampling strategies approached those of the 1:2s QC rule for moderate to large out-of-control error conditions. In most cases, the power of the repeat-sampling strategies was superior to the power of the QC multirules we evaluated. The increase in QC utilization rate ranged from 4% to 13% for the repeat-sampling strategies investigated. CONCLUSIONS: The repeat-sampling strategies provide an effective tactic to take advantage of the desirable propertiesofboththe1:2sand1:3sQCrules.Additionally, the power of the repeat-sampling strategies compares favorably with the power of 2 common QC multirules. These improvements come with a modest increase in the average number of controls tested. © 2012 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
Comparative Studies of Disordered Proteins with Similar Sequences: Application to Aβ40 and Aβ42

Quantitative comparisons of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) with similar sequences, such as mutant forms of the same protein, may provide insights into IDP aggregation—a process that plays a role in several neurodegenerative disorders. Here we describe an approach for modeling IDPs with similar sequences that simplifies the comparison of the ensembles by utilizing a single library of structures. The relative population weights of the structures are estimated using a Bayesian formalism, which provides measures of uncertainty in the resulting ensembles. We applied this approach to the comparison of ensembles for Aβ40 and Aβ42. Bayesian hypothesis testing finds that although both Aβ species sample β-rich conformations in solution that may represent prefibrillar intermediates, the probability that Aβ42 samples these prefibrillar states is roughly an order of magnitude larger than the frequency in which Aβ40 samples such structures. Moreover, the structure of the soluble prefibrillar state in our ensembles is similar to the experimentally determined structure of Aβ that has been implicated as an intermediate in the aggregation pathway. Overall, our approach for comparative studies of IDPs with similar sequences provides a platform for future studies on the effect of mutations on the structure and function of disordered proteins.
Tussle in cyberspace: defining tomorrow's internet

The architecture of the Internet is based on a number of principles, including the self-describing datagram packet, the end-to-end arguments, diversity in technology and global addressing. As the Internet has moved from a research curiosity to a recognized component of mainstream society, new requirements have emerged that suggest new design principles, and perhaps suggest that we revisit some old ones. This paper explores one important reality that surrounds the Internet today: different stakeholders that are part of the Internet milieu have interests that may be adverse to each other, and these parties each vie to favor their particular interests. We call this process "the tussle". Our position is that accommodating this tussle is crucial to the evolution of the network's technical architecture. We discuss some examples of tussle, and offer some technical design principles that take it into account.
On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters

Traditional thermal evolution models of giant planets employ arbitrary initial conditions selected more for computational expediency than physical accuracy. Since the initial conditions are eventually forgotten by the evolving planet, this approach is valid for mature planets, if not young ones. To explore the evolution at young ages of jovian mass planets, we have employed model planets created by one implementation of the core-accretion mechanism as initial conditions for evolutionary calculations. The luminosities and early cooling rates of young planets are highly sensitive to their internal entropies, which depend on the formation mechanism and are highly model dependent. As a result of the accretion shock through which most of the planetary mass is processed, we find lower initial internal entropies than commonly assumed in published evolution tracks. Consequently, young Jovian planets are smaller, cooler, and several to 100 times less luminous than predicted by earlier models. Furthermore, the time interval during which the young Jupiters are fainter than expected depends on the mass of planet. Jupiter mass planets (1MJ) align with the conventional model luminosity in as little at 20 million years, but 10MJ planets can take up to 1 billion years to match commonly cited luminosities, given our implementation of the core-accretion mechanism. If our assumptions, especially including our treatment of the accretion shock, are correct and if extrasolar Jovian planets indeed form with low entropy, then young Jovian planets are substantially fainter at young ages than currently believed. Furthermore, early evolution tracks should be regarded as uncertain for much longer than the commonly quoted 106 yr. These results have important consequences both for detection strategies and for assigning masses to young Jovian planets based on observed luminosities.
Transplant tourism: the ethics and regulation of international markets for organs.

“Medical Tourism” is the travel of residents of one country to another country for treatment. In this article I focus on travel abroad to purchase organs for transplant, what I will call “Transplant Tourism.” With the exception of Iran, organ sale is illegal across the globe, but many destination countries have thriving black markets, either due to their willful failure to police the practice or more good faith lack of resources to detect it. I focus on the sale of kidneys, the most common subject of transplant tourism, though much of what I say could be applied to other organs as well. Part I briefly reviews some data on sellers, recipients, and brokers. Part II discusses the bioethical issues posed by the trade, and Part III focuses on potential regulation to deal with these issues.
DOUBLE-LOBED RADIO QUASARS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY

We have combined a sample of 44 984 quasars, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 3, with the FIRST radio survey. Using a novel technique where the optical quasar position is matched to the complete radio environment within 450'', we are able to characterize the radio morphological make-up of what is essentially an optically selected quasar sample, regardless of whether the quasar (nucleus) itself has been detected in the radio. About 10% of the quasar population have radio cores brighter than 0.75 mJy at 1.4 GHz, and 1.7% have double lobed FR2-like radio morphologies. About 75% of the FR2 sources have a radio core (> 0.75mJy). A significant fraction ({approx}40%) of the FR2 quasars are bent by more than 10 degrees, indicating either interactions of the radio plasma with the ICM or IGM. We found no evidence for correlations with redshift among our FR2 quasars: radio lobe flux densities and radio source diameters of the quasars have similar distributions at low (mean 0.77) and high (mean 2.09) redshifts. Using a smaller high reliability FR2 sample of 422 quasars and two comparison samples of radio-quiet and non-FR2 radio-loud quasars, matched in their redshift distributions, we constructed compositemore » optical spectra from the SDSS spectroscopic data. Based on these spectra we can conclude that the FR2 quasars have stronger high-ionization emission lines compared to both the radio quiet and non-FR2 radio loud sources. This is consistent with the notion that the emission lines are brightened by ongoing shock ionization of ambient gas in the quasar host as the radio source expands.« less
Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning: A Comparative Study

In search of better, more cost effective ways to deliver instruction and training, universities and corporations have expanded their use of e-learning. Although several studies suggest that online education and blended instruction (a “blend” of online and traditional approaches) can be as effective as traditional classroom models, few studies have focused on learner satisfaction with online instruction, particularly in the transition to online learning from traditional approaches. This study examines students’ perceptions of integrating online components in two undergraduate business courses where students completed online learning modules prior to class discussion. The results indicate that participants in an elective course rated the online modules significantly better than those in a required course. Overall, participants in the elective course rated the online modules marginally positive while those in the required course rated them marginally negative. These outcomes suggest that instructors should be selective in the way they integrate online units into traditional, classroom-delivered courses. This integration should be carefully planned based on learner characteristics, course content, and the learning context. For most participants of the study (83 percent), this was their first experience completing an online learning activity or module. In addition, the largest dissatisfaction factor reported among the participants was the time required to complete the online modules. Future research is encouraged to explore: (1) how previous experience with technology and online learning affects students’ attitudes towards and success with e-learning; and (2) the effects of interspersing online units that are considerably shorter in length into the traditional classroom model. This additional research can provide greater insight into which factors promote e-learning success.
Taking Experiential Givenism Seriously

In the past few years, a small but intense debate has transpired on the margins of mainstream scholarship in the discipline of Philosophy, particularly within the subfield of American pragmatism. While most philosophical pragmatists dedicate their attention to questions concerning how ideas improve experience (or the theory-practice continuum), those participating in this exchange have shown greater concern for an issue that is, at its core, a theoretical matter: Does the theory of experience espoused by the classic American philosopher John Dewey succumb to what contemporary analytic philosophers—for instance, Wilfred Sellars, Donald Davidson, and John McDowell—call the Myth of the Given? One commentator, Scott Aikin, claims that Dewey relied on noninferential and nonconceptual content or givens as perceptual inputs for cognitive experience. The upshot of Aikin's objection is that these experiential givens constitute a proxy epistemological foundation for the beliefs that flow from inquiry—a position clearly in conflict with Dewey's commitment to antifoundationalism. The objection assumes a slightly different form in the hands of another scholar of American pragmatism, Colin Koopman. Gregory Pappas and David Hildebrand respond to Koopman's version of the objection. The goals of this article are to clarify the objection, highlight the stakes in the debate, identify misunderstandings of Dewey's experiential metaphysics on both sides, and determine why the experiential givenism objection merits serious philosophical scrutiny in the future.
Asynchronous distributed searchlight scheduling

This paper develops and compares two asynchronous distributed scheduling algorithms for multiple controlled searchlights in nonconvex polygonal environments. A searchlight is a ray emitted by source location that (i) cannot penetrate the boundary of the environment and (ii) undergoes controlled slewing about its source location. Evaders move inside the environment along continuous trajectories and are detected precisely when they are on the searchlight ray at some time instant. The objective is for the searchlights to detect any evader in finite time and to do so using only local sensing and limited communication among them. The first algorithm we develop, called the distributed one way sweep strategy (DOWSS), is a distributed version of an algorithm described originally in 1990 by Sugihara et al [Sugihara, K., et al., 1990]; this algorithm may be slow in "sweeping" the environment because only one searchlight slews at a time. Second we develop an algorithm, called the parallel tree sweep strategy (PTSS), in which searchlights sweep concurrently under the assumption that they are placed in appropriate locations; for this algorithm we establish linear completion time.
The impact of separate taxation on the intra-household allocation of assets: evidence from the UK

Abstract The income tax system in the United Kingdom moved from joint to independent taxation of husbands’ and wives’ income in 1990. One interesting aspect of independent taxation is the ability for households to choose the division of household assets between the two spouses. This tax reform, therefore, creates an opportunity for households to engage in a form of tax avoidance by shifting their investment income to the spouse with the lower marginal tax rate. We use Family Expenditure Survey (FES) data to examine the impact of this tax reform on the magnitude of investment income shifting between spouses with different marginal tax rates. We find a sizeable shift in the share and incidence of asset income claimed by wives, who typically have lower marginal tax rates, as well as in the incidence of the wife claiming all the household asset income, indicating that households responded to this policy change by reallocating asset ownership.