cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joining security realms: a single login for netware and kerberos

Accommodating disjoint security realms is a challenge for administrators who have to maintain duplicate data sets and for users who need to recall multiple pass phrases, yet joining security realms together can expose one realm to the weaknesses of the other. In this paper, we compare the Kerberos and NetWare security realms, examine methods of joining the two realms under a single login, and propose an attractive single login design.
The Solar Quiet Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region

The chromosphere-corona transition region of the Sun enjoys both simplicities of character and complexities of character which result from its very thin geometrical extent. The simplicities derive from the reasonably clear view of the energy balance (both observationally and theoretically), while the complexities derive from both the proximity of the not-so-clearly viewed regions below and above, and the almost certain convolutions and perhaps discontinuities in the three dimensional geometry of the transition sheet. While observational resolution and spectral information has improved greatly in recent years, the problems associated with a single vantage point, the Earth and its environs, have not gone away. To understand the transition region we must resolve structures radially and temporally as well as in the plane of the sky.
Influence of CAD/CAM zirconia for implant-abutment manufacturing on gingival fibroblasts and oral keratinocytes

This study investigated the influence of three CAD/CAM zirconia ceramics for implant-abutment manufacturing on cell viability, migration ability, and cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and oral keratinocytes (HOK) in vitro. HGF and HOK were cultured on zirconia ceramic disks (VITA In-Ceram YZ, Ivoclar IPS e.max ZirCAD, Sirona inCoris ZI) and on control disks made of tissue culture polystyrene. Cell viability was analyzed by a MTT assay. Migration ability was detected by a scratch assay. A ToxiLight assay was used to analyze the influence of the tested zirconia ceramics on adenylate kinase (ADK) release and cytotoxicity. At MTT assay, HGF showed an increased cell viability compared to the control after 9 and 12 days for all ceramics (p each ≤0.0002) while HOK demonstrated a decreased cell viability after 9 and 12 days for all ceramics (p each ≤0.0003). At scratch assay, HGF exhibited for all ceramics decreased relative distances of the scratch wound compared to the control from 24 to 48 h (p each <0.0001) with exception of VITA In-Ceram YZ after 48 h. HOK showed increased distances compared to the control for all ceramics after 48 h (p each <0.0001). At ToxiLight assay, a minimal cytotoxicity of the tested materials could be detected. Overall, significant influences of the investigated CAD/CAM zirconia ceramics on HGF and HOK could be shown. The analyzed zirconia ceramics could influence oral soft-tissue cells that might affect the esthetic outcome after implant placement using CAD/CAM zirconia abutments.
Path planning simulator for a mobile robot

INTRODUCTION Path planning is a critical problem encountered in the operation of a mobile robot. When driving a car one simultaneously plans a path and executes a locomotion controlling function. Thus, describing a smooth continuous path for the car is straight forward. However, if the planning and execution functions are performed by two different persons some form of path description must be explicitly passed from the planner to the executor. This problem arises in autonomous vehicle control because in many cases, these two functions are executed in separated components. The motion planning problem, in its simplest form, is to find a path from a specified starting position to a specified goal position that avoids collisions with a known set of obstacles. The purpose of this paper is to present a software package that implements the motion planning and collision avoidance systems for an automaton operating amongst static and moving obstacles in a 2-D environment.
Central dialysis catheters

Ideal permanent hemodialysis access consists of a permanent upper extremity arteriovenous fistula or a graft. Newly placed arteriovenous fistulas should be allowed to mature for at least 1 month, and a graft should be placed at least 3 weeks before use. However, intravenous catheters, both temporary nontunneled and long-term tunneled, provide immediate access for patients requiring hemodialysis. These catheters are indicated when patients require hemodialysis before maturation of the fistula or while awaiting renal transplantation or the institution of ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. For some patients, in whom no other access is possible, a tunneled dialysis catheter must function as permanent access. Dialysis catheters represent a special breed of externally tunneled central catheters and therefore require special attention. Proper maintenance of long-term dialysis catheters is critical for the longevity of satisfactory dialysis.
An improved ultracentrifugation method for the separation of cholesterol carriers in bile.

Vesicles and micelles, the major carriers of cholesterol in bile, play a role in the formation of cholesterol gallstones. A simple and rapid ultracentrifugation method was developed to isolate these biliary cholesterol carriers when only microliter amounts of bile were available. The proposed method employs a 46 to 0% sucrose density gradient, a NVT90 near-vertical rotor, and a centrifugation time of one hour. As little as 25 μL of bile can be used with no disruption of the carriers. The method was validated by comparison with gel filtration column chromatography using 6 mM taurocholate in the elution buffer. The sucrose linear density gradient ultracentrifugation procedure described here is simple, fast, and compares favorably with the gel filtration chromatography method for the separation of cholesterol carriers from bile.
CENP-B is a highly conserved mammalian centromere protein with homology to the helix-loop-helix family of proteins.

CENP-B is a centromere associated protein originally identified in human cells as an 80 kDa autoantigen recognized by sera from patients with anti-centromere antibodies (ACA). Recent evidence indicates that CENP-B interacts with centromeric heterochromatin in human chromosomes and may bind to a specific subset of human alphoid satellite DNA. CENP-B has not been unambiguously identified in non-primates and could, in principal, be a primate-specific alphoid DNA binding protein. In this work, a human genomic DNA segment containing the CENP-B gene was isolated and subjected to DNA sequence analysis. In vitro expression identified the site for translation initiation of CENP-B, demonstrating that it is encoded by an intronless open reading frame (ORF) in human DNA. A homologous mouse gene was also isolated and characterized. It was found to possess a high degree of homology with the human gene, containing an intronless ORF coding for a 599 residue polypeptide with 96% sequence similarity to human CENP-B. 5′ and 3′ flanking and untranslated sequences were conserved at a level of 94.6% and 82.7%, respectively, suggesting that the regulatory properties of CENP-B may be conserved as well. CENP-B mRNA was detected in mouse cells and tissues and an immunoreactive nuclear protein identical in size to human CENP-B was detected in mouse 3T3 cells using human ACA. Analysis of the sequence of CENP-B revealed a segment of significant similarity to a DNA binding motif identified for the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of DNA binding proteins. These data demonstrate that CENP-B is a highly conserved mammalian protein that may be a member of the HLH protein family and suggest that it plays a role in a conserved aspect of centromere structure or function.
Laterobasal membranes from intestinal epithelial cells: isolation free of intracellular membrane contaminants

A simplified method for isolating highly purified laterobasal membranes (LBM) from enterocytes is based on treatment of membranes with 8mm CaCl2 concentration in order to aggregate intracellular membrane contaminants. The resultant LBM showed an average 15-fold enrichment and constituted 8% of the original K-stimulated phosphatase in the initial crude homogenate. It showed typical LBM migration on counter-current distribution (CCD) and was essentially free of contamination with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes. This method is highly efficient and yields sufficient purified LBM to allow comprehensive analysis of enterocyte membrane events.
A laboratory study of open ocean barometric response

Abstract An attempt is made to explain the physical mechanism for the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) bottom pressure observations of Brown et al. (1975) by means of a joint laboratory and theoretical study. First, possible relevant effects in an f -plane model are considered, where pressure driving forms and transient effects can be evaluated. If atmospheric pressure change is local (of a standing wave nature), sea surface response increases with increasing subinertial frequency. If pressure changes are advective, sea surface response decreases with increasing speed. Overreaction of the free surface to forcing, causing overshoot, can occur when the free inertia-gravity modes of the basin are excited. Laboratory experiments are performed which agree with the theory of the local pressure change mechanism to within assinged experimental error. The study is extended to consider the response of an equivalent β-plane system in a more laboratory-oriented approach. It is found that the β-effect is important in the entire range of frequencies studied in the laboratory, with the response approaching that of an f -plane ocean at higher frequencies. The excitation of free planetary modes of the basin proves to be important in the barometric response, allowing for local oversoot and undershoot and for the generation of a substantial pressure signal at a distance from the driving, allowing a significant contribution to the incoherent bottom signal to be forced by distant atmospheric pressure disturbances in the ocean basin.
Pyridine nucleotide flux and glutathione oxidation in the cultured rat conceptus.

Abstract It is proposed that protection of the developing embryo from chemical and environmental insults that produces oxidative stress requires a proper glutathione (GSH) and pyridine nucleotide status in both the embryo and extra-embryonic membranes. Modulation of pyridine nucleotide flux {NAD(H) and NAD(P)H} in the visceral yolk sac (VYS) by the thiol oxidants diamide and tert -butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) was studied in real time using microfiberoptic sensors in GD 10 rat conceptuses. Consecutive 5-min exposures to 125- and 250-μM diamide resulted in a fluorescence decrease of 14 and 32 Arbitrary Fluorescence Units (AFU). An additional consecutive exposure to 500-μM diamide caused an attenuated decrease followed by a rebound increase of 22 AFU. Consecutive 5-min exposures to tBH at 250 and 500 μM produced fluorescence decreases similar to that of 500 μM diamide, but the decreases were attenuated at 1000 μM. However, there was variability in the rebound increase. A 5-min exposure to tBH (500 μM) alone caused a fluorescence decrease of 14 AFU followed by a rebound increase of 8 AFU. The rate of fluorescence decrease was attenuated by 50% with pretreatment with the glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rd) inhibitor, BCNU (1,3, bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea), indicating that the decrease in surface fluorescence was probably attributable to a decrease in NADPH. Decreases in fluorescence, observed from the surface of the VYS, correlated with decreases in GSH/GSSG ratios in the embryos and the VYS. After exposure to tBH, GSH levels in conceptuses decreased at the end of 5 and 15 min, with a corresponding increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the end of 3, 5, and 15 min. Our results demonstrate that the increased production of GSSG on exposure to thiol oxidants correlates with a decrease in the reduced pyridine nucleotide, implying the presence of an active GSSG-Rd pathway in the conceptus during organogenesis, and implicating an important role of the pyridine nucleotides in the restoration of GSH homeostasis in the developing rat conceptus during organogenesis.
Antibodies to viral antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Sera from 31 patients with lupus erythematosus, 31 controls matched by age and sex and 33 patients with connective tissue disorders other than SLE were examined for specific antibodies to 15 viral antigens by hemagglutination-inhibition tests. Complement-fixation tests were also employed to measure antibodies to measles virus and rubella virus. Sera from patients with LE had significantly higher geometric mean antibody titers than matched controls to measles, rubella, parainfluenza types 2 and 3 and reovirus type 2 antigens. When antibody levels from patients with LE were compared with those from patients with other connective tissue disorders, significant differences were noted for measles, rubella, parainfluenza types 1 and 2 and mumps antigens. Removal of nonspecific antinuclear antibodies from selected SLE sera by adsorption with mouse liver nuclear antigens failed to appreciably alter specific viral antibody. The elevated antibody levels in sera from patients with SLE are consistent with the existence of a hyperreactive immunologic state in this disorder and do not necessarily carry etiologic implications.
V2G integration and experimental demonstration on a lab-scale microgrid

Electric and plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles are soon likely to be integrated as bidirectional energy storage elements with the electric grid or local microgrids. This paper discusses the interfacing of a plug-in vehicle with a lab-scale microgrid, and how this integration was successfully achieved with a power electronics converter that utilizes a power-following droop controller. Simulations, which are verified with experimental results obtained with two electric research vehicles and a lab-scale microgrid, demonstrate that for both single and three-phase cases the imbalances created by vehicle charging and discharging meet, or nearly meet the required power quality and phase imbalance standards. The power-following droop control is validated as an effective way of supporting the microgrid during transients as well as maintaining, in the long term, a desired charging rate. Fast charging is also briefly introduced as part of the future work.
PROSPECTIVE SURVEILLANCE OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL (GAS) INFECTIONS IN CONNECTICUT: DISEASE RATES AND ASSOCIATION WITH MULTIPLE SEROTYPES. † 637

Concern about recent increases in severe GAS infections led the CDPH to conduct active surveillance among hospitalized patients from 7/1-12/31/94. CDPH was notified of all GAS isolates from hospitalized patients; isolates(from sterile and from non-sterile sites) were collected and serotyped. During the study period 133 persons were hospitalized with GAS infections (4.1 cases/100,000 population). Rates were highest for children (6.1/100,000) and adults >64 yrs (4.9/100,000). Of the 133 patients, 52 (39%) had GAS isolated from a normally sterile site. 19 patients (14%) had severe GAS infections (i.e., those resulting in death or in complications); 3 died as a result of their GAS infection.
Transport of loaded and unloaded microcarriers in a colloidal magnetic shift register.

We demonstrate the dispersion free digital transport of emulsion droplets and biological cells in an aqueous solution using paramagnetic colloidal particles above a uniaxial magnetic garnet film. Magnetic modulations above the stripe domain pattern induce a step-wise transport of paramagnetic particles dispersed in water and deposited on the surface of the film. Capillary or hydrodynamic interactions are then used to couple the cargo to the paramagnetic beads. We achieve full control of the cargo motion up to velocities in the 100 μm/s range.
Tectonic histories of the Paleo- to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of the south-central Wyoming Province

The Sacawee block is a narrow belt of Paleo- to Mesoarchean crust that extends for ~70 km across the northern Granite Mountains. It is composed of the ~3.3 Ga Sacawee orthogneiss, additional calc-alkalic and tonalitic orthogneisses, and the ~2.86 Ga Barlow Gap Group. The Sacawee block basement is characterized by negative eNd values and Paleoarchean Nd crustal residence model ages. A broad east–west-trending zone of Neoarchean high strain, which is part of the Oregon Trail structural belt, transects the Sacawee block and was studied at two locations, the Beulah Belle Lake area and West Sage Hen Rocks. U–Pb analyses of magmatic zircon from a sheared amphibolite within the high-strain zone of the Beulah Belle Lake area constrain the age of the Neoarchean deformation to be later than 2688 ± 5 Ma. At West Sage Hen Rocks, metamorphic zircons in a sheared amphibolite provide a direct date on the shear zone of 2649 ± 2.8 Ma. These data, combined with similar ages of deformation from two other shear zones, are in...
Excitation-energy dependence of the photoluminescence total-light decay in arsenic chalcogenides

Abstract Previous measurements of transient photoluminescence (PL) in a-As2S3 have indicated that the PL spectrum is extremely sensitive to the excitation photon energy. In the present paper we show that this sensitivity is also manifest in the total-light decay (TLD), the spectrally integrated PL intensity as a function of time. The most surprising result of this study is that, whereas the TLD decays approximately as a power law of the form t −0·75 for times between 10−8 and 10−3 s for high excitation energy, low excitation energy reveals two well-defined rates of 106 and 103 s−1. The dependence of the TLD on excitation energy is found to be consistent with a model in which excitations are localized at low energy and delocalized at high energy. TLD results are also presented for a-As2Se3, c-As2S3 and c-As2Se3. Well-defined rates are observed in all samples, and it is found that a process at long times (∼ 10−3 s) usually exhibits the highest relative quantum efficiency. Arguments are presented which sugge...
Hybrid catalysts used in the Catalytic Steam Cracking process (CSC): Influence of the pore characteristics and the surface acidity properties of the ZSM-5 zeolite-based component on the overall catalytic performance

Abstract Data of the present work show that, in order to obtain high yields in light olefins, the ZSM-5 zeolite – the cracking component of the hybrid catalyst, must have a relatively low SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 mol ratio, so that its density of acid sites is high, thus resulting in a high total conversion. Such zeolite must also exhibit relatively mild acidity strength, favouring thus a high propylene/ethylene product ratio. On the other hand, these milder acid sites also lead to a lower coke deposition and thus to a greater on-stream catalyst stability because the cleaning action of the hydrogen spilt-over species is much eased. Feed contamination by trimethylbenzenes is an excellent tool for providing further evidence of the coke cleaning effect by the hydrogen spilt-over species, the latter being generated by the Ni supported co-catalyst. In the case of blending of petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks with non-oil derived compounds, the latter should not have strong competitive adsorption properties such as those found in polymethylbenzenes (ex: 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), otherwise rapid fouling phenomena may occur.
Grading of posterior staphyloma with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and correlation with macular disease.

Abstract Objective To develop a novel grading system for posterior staphyloma imaged by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to correlate the incidence of macular disease (vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membrane, macular schisis, lamellar macular hole, and full-thickness macular hole) with each grade. Design Retrospective chart review. Participants A total of 150 eyes from 89 patients with posterior staphylomas were examined at Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles. Methods Retrospective analysis of the Cirrus SD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Calif.) database at a large institution (Jules Stein Eye Institute) was performed and eyes with a posterior staphyloma involving the macula were evaluated for the presence of macular pathology. The radius of each circle was measured and graded, and the incidence of macular pathology was correlated with each staphyloma grade. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results The overall incidence rate of macular disease was 50.6% (76/150 eyes). The incidence rate of macular schisis was 17.3% (26/150) and was significantly greater with steeper (grade 3 [25.0%] and grade 4 [30.3%] staphyloma) versus shallower grade (grade 1 [5.6%]) staphyloma ( p = 0.016). Conclusions Imaging of staphyloma via SD-OCT is a valuable tool for determining the severity of posterior staphyloma and for determining risk stratification for various macular diseases.
Evaluating the feasibility of using memory content similarity to improve system resilience

Building the next-generation of extreme-scale distributed systems will require overcoming several challenges related to system resilience. As the number of processors in these systems grows, the failure rate increases proportionally. One of the most common sources of failure in large-scale systems is memory errors. In this paper, we propose a novel run-time for transparently exploiting memory content similarity to improve system resilience by reducing the rate at which memory errors lead to node failure. We evaluate the feasibility of this approach by examining memory snapshots collected from eight HPC applications. Based on the characteristics of the similarity that we uncover in these applications, we conclude that our proposed approach shows promise for addressing system resilience in large-scale systems.
Visual Material Traits: Recognizing Per-Pixel Material Context

Information describing the materials that make up scene constituents provides invaluable context that can lead to a better understanding of images. We would like to obtain such material information at every pixel, in arbitrary images, regardless of the objects involved. In this paper, we introduce visual material traits to achieve this. Material traits, such as "shiny," or "woven," encode the appearance of characteristic material properties. We learn convolution kernels in an unsupervised setting to recognize complex material trait appearances at each pixel. Unlike previous methods, our framework explicitly avoids influence from object-specific information. We may, therefore, accurately recognize material traits regardless of the object exhibiting them. Our results show that material traits are discriminative and can be accurately recognized. We demonstrate the use of material traits in material recognition and image segmentation. To our knowledge, this is the first method to extract and use such per-pixel material information.
Virtual network on demand: dedicating network resources to distributed scientific workflows

The VNOD project aims to build an on-demand network virtualization infrastructure that can deliver the unprecedented networking performance and quality of service required by modern, distributed, data-intensive applications utilized by user communities. Recent networking technologies, already deployed in production and/or in experimental phases, offer the capability to dynamically provision network resources interconnecting multiple end sites hosting storage and computing resources. The VNOD infrastructure described in this paper leverages these technologies to provide an environment that facilitates the establishment and management of virtual network topologies. At the same time, VNOD also offers a platform for co-scheduling end-site resources with local and wide-area network resources through the use of various algorithms and optimization objectives.
Can ends justify the means?: Telomeres and the mechanisms of replicative senescence and immortalization in mammalian cells

Finite replicative lifespan, or senescence, of mammalian cells in culture is a phenomenon that has generated much curiosity since its description. The obvious significance of senescence to organismal aging and the development of cancer has engendered a long-lasting and lively debate about its mechanisms. Recent discoveries concerning the phenotypes of telomerase knockout mice, the consequences of telomerase reexpression in somatic cells, and genes that regulate senescence have provided striking molecular insights but also have uncovered important new questions. The objective of this review is to reconcile old observations with new molecular details and to focus attention on the key remaining puzzles.
Converting loss into language

I am a seasoned griever having withstood the blows of three singular losses. The dead grandparents, great-aunts and uncles, pets – these losses were wrenching but nothing like the triad I am about ...
Development of Online Ultrasound Instructional Module and Comparison to Traditional Teaching Methods

A Web-based teaching device was constructed to deliver information on fundamentals of ultrasound imaging to approximately one-half the students in an undergraduate medical imaging course, while the remaining students were taught the same material via traditional lectures and typed notes. The students participating in this study were separated randomly but in such a manner that prior achievement was statistically equivalent for the two groups. After approximately two weeks of instruction, an ultrasound imaging exam was administered. Results indicated no statistically significant difference in scores on homework assigned during the instructional period between the traditional and online groups. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the average exam scores of students in the two groups. The traditional group required significantly more time on learning activities than did the online group. These results indicated that level of understanding was not affected by use of the online device, while efficiency of learning improved dramatically. Reasons reported by the students for the improved efficiency of the online method included flexibility in time usage and ability to cater to the individual, which came with the added responsibility of self-discipline. The traditional teaching method, meanwhile, allowed interaction with and instant feedback from a professor and other students. In this study we have demonstrated that the nature of an online device yields a higher level of efficiency than traditional lectures, despite the inherent drawbacks of the approach. The effectiveness of this device could potentially be improved by implementing enhancements to increase the level of interaction for the user and to help with discipline and time management.
Evaluation of the competitive landscape of a regional U.S. university's MIS program

The recent economic downturn has affected numerous industries and regions within the United States. The field of education has been just as vulnerable as statewide budget cuts have forced some U.S. educational institutions to make significant changes to their offerings. Some MIS programs have been especially encumbered by the double shock of a decline in student interest resulting, in part, from the dot.com bubble burst and now, a period of economic recession. Although recent articles have indicated a rise in technology related jobs and have labeled technology jobs as "recession-proof", university student enrollments in the U.S. have not kept pace with the changing headlines.In MIS classes, professors advocate the strategic implementation of technology to the field of business to enhance competitive strength. One of the tools that is often extolled as a means of evaluating the competitive landscape is that of Porter's Competitive Forces Model. However, although the field of education is a competitive field, minimal research has been conducted using Porter's framework as a means of strengthening an educational program's position nationally, let alone, internally. In this paper, the authors propose utilizing Porter's model as an evaluative tool in the higher educational landscape. The paper begins by examining the current economic condition in the field of Management Information Systems (MIS) followed by an examination of current research in higher education utilizing Porter's Competitive Forces Model. Porter's Model is slightly adapted to fit the educational environment and the framework is then applied to the competitive environment of a MIS program at a regional four year university in the United States. A plan for enhancing the program is proposed based upon the findings of the evaluation.
TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING AUTISM RISK FACTORS: A CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN IMAGES WITH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES

We demonstrate the use of support vector machine methods to classify autism neuroimaging data collected from multiple sites.
Ultrafast gain and excited-state absorption in luminescent polymers: Pump-wavelength invariance

Abstract We report ultrafast pump-and-probe results for solutions and films of luminescent conjugated polymers. Both photoinduced absorption (PA) and stimulated emission (SE) features were recorded in the excited-state spectrum. The time evolution of the photoexcitations responsible for SE and PA were monitored as a function of the pump wavelength. We find that the PA and SE spectral features and decay dynamics of the excited state are independent of the pump wavelength. This insensitivity to pump wavelength is important for polymer-based photonic applications such as photopumped lasers and ultrafast holographic switches.
Prediction Of Patient Doses In Diagnostic Radiology

X-ray spectra and outputs are computed based on three formulations of x-ray bremsstrahlung production by Kramers, Storm, and Birch and Marshall. Published, measured spectra compare favorable with Storm and Birch and Marshall. Measured outputs (mR/mAs at 100 cm) agree best with Storm. TLD measurements of x-ray exposure agree well with predictions made using Storm over a range of techniques. Rapid calculation of output for either single phase or three phase operation is possible using coefficients from a third order fit to the data based on Storm for 40 to 120 kV and 2 to 8 mm aluminum total filtration.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Black Residential Segregation in the City and Suburbs of Detroit: Does Socioeconomic Status Matter?

According to ecological theory, the socioeconomic status of a minority group is inversely related to the group’s level of residential segregation from the majority group. This article determines wh...
Modeling of the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene chains

The mechanical properties of polypropylene depend critically on the crystallizability of the chains, which depends in turn on their stereochemical structures. These dependences were investigated using Monte Carlo methods to generate chains having various stereochemical sequences and then scrutinizing parallel arrays of these chains to look for matches in isotactic stereochemistry that could lead to the formation of crystallites. The fraction of such units in matches, for example, gives a direct measure of the degree of crystallinity expected for the specified degree of isotacticity. Other quantities of interest obtainable in this way were the natures of the sequence distributions themselves, melting points, free energies of fusion, interfacial free energies, and moduli (calculated on the basis of the crystallites acting as crosslinks within an elastomeric network structure).
Understanding local deformation in metallic polycrystals using high energy X-rays and finite elements

Abstract A methodology for understanding the stress and elastoplastic deformation responses within a loaded polycrystal is presented along with illustrative examples. High energy synchrotron X-rays are used to penetrate bulk metallic samples and produce diffracted intensity from each deforming crystal – revealing the evolving internal structure. A virtual representation of the microstructure is constructed using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the evolution of the elastoplastic deformations, stress fields, and lattice orientations within the deforming crystals as the polycrystal is loaded. Simulations are compared directly to experimental diffraction data. In the case of powder experiments, lattice strain pole figures (SPFs) measured experimentally are compared to SPFs calculated by projecting X-rays through the finite element mesh. During in situ loading experiments, the stress states are found to differ from one crystal to the next and to vary from the stress being applied at the macroscale. A SPF/FEM-based methodology for quantifying residual stress fields within processed polycrystalline components is described. SPFs were measured at many points within a shrink-fit sample. Finite element discretizations of both the sample and orientation space of each diffraction volume were used to formulate an optimization for the distribution of the stress tensor within the sample. A different experiment, one in which the X-ray beam and the crystals are closer to the same size, is used to investigate the aggregate crystal by crystal. The Debye–Scherrer rings reduce to a set of spots associated with each crystal within the diffraction volume. This method is demonstrated by tracking deformation of four grains within a deforming BCC titanium aggregate loaded in situ within the elastic regime to determine the single crystal elastic moduli. Plastic deformation can also be investigated by monitoring the size and shape of individual diffraction spots. Each spot contains geometrically exact information regarding the internal structure of the crystal. Instead of reconstructing the crystal structure by inverting the diffraction data, virtual diffraction experiments are performed on the finite element mesh and the resulting simulated diffraction patterns are compared directly to the experimental results. Once the experimental/simulation methodology is validated, the approximation of the subgrain distribution of stress and lattice orientation from the finite element model can be used to construct theories for failure phenomena such as microcrack initiation. As opposed to other methods of discretizing a polycrystalline aggregate, the finite element framework enables a seamless transition to analyses associated with mechanical design.
The role and position of graphics in computer science education

The SIGGRAPH Education Committee has been considering recommendations for inclusion of graphics in various curricula for higher education. Several issues of computer graphics in computer science or computer science/engineering curricula are identified here. In particular the course content and support facilities necessary and the status of graphics courses within programs are discussed. A basic premise is stated that Curriculum '78[1] and other guidelines[2, 3, 4, 5, 6] for educational programs are flawed in their lack of computer graphics content. The reasons for this are not immediately apparent, but might in part be attributed to the lower profile of graphics during the time of their initial development. Since that time the significant technical advancements and standardization of terms and concepts have not been incorporated as changes in recommended curricula designs.
Gut-liver axis in alcoholic liver disease.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been among the leading causes of cirrhosis and liver-related death worldwide for decades. Early discoveries in alcoholic liver disease identified increased levels of bacterial endotoxin in the portal circulation, suggesting a role for gut-derived toxins in ALD. Indeed, alcohol consumption can disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier and result in increased gut permeability that increasingly is recognized as a major factor in ALD. Bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, is a prototypic microbe-derived inflammatory signal that contributes to inflammation in ALD through activation of the Toll-like receptor 4. Recent studies also have shown that alcohol consumption is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, and the dysbalance of pathogenic and commensal organisms in the intestinal microbiome may contribute to the abnormal gut–liver axis in ALD. Indeed, bacterial decontamination improves ALD both in human and animal models. This short review summarizes recent findings and highlights emerging trends in the gut–liver axis relevant to ALD.
Parallel QR factorization for hybrid message passing/shared memory operation

Abstract The capability to blend the message passing and shared memory programming environments is a common feature of many high performance computer architectures. To probe the performance benefits of this feature on a 64-processor HP SPP-2000, a 32-processor IBM SP3, and a 128-processor SGI Origin 2000, we propose a new hybrid parallel fast Givens QR factorization algorithm that can interpolate between pure message passing and pure shared memory.
Spontaneous hybrids between native and exotic Rubus in the Western United States produce offspring both by apomixis and by sexual recombination

Facultative asexual reproduction is a trait commonly found in invasive species. With a combination of sexual and asexual reproductive modes, such species may adapt to new environments via sexual recombination during range expansion, while at the same time having the benefits of asexuality such as the maintenance of fitness effects that depend upon heterozygosity. In the Western United States, native species of Rubus (Rosaceae) reproduce sexually whereas exotic naturalized Rubus species reproduce by pseudogamous apomixis. We hypothesized that new asexual lineages of Rubus could arise from hybridization in this range. To detect hybridization between native and exotic Rubus, we genotyped 579 individuals collected across California, Oregon and Washington with eight nuclear microsatellites and two chloroplast markers. Principal Coordinate Analysis and Bayesian clustering revealed a limited amount of hybridization of the native R. ursinus with the exotic R. armeniacus and R. pensilvanicus, as well as cultivated varieties. Genetic distances between these hybrids and their offspring indicated that both R. ursinus × R. armeniacus and R. ursinus × R. pensilvanicus produced a mix of apomictic and sexual seeds, with sexual seeds being more viable. Although neither of these hybrid types is currently considered invasive, they model the early stages of evolution of new invasive lineages, given the potential for fixed heterosis and the generation of novel genotypes. The hybrids also retain the ability to increase their fitness via sexual recombination and natural selection. Mixed reproductive systems such as those described here may be an important step in the evolution of asexual invasive species.
Development of artemisinin compounds for cancer treatment

Artemisinin contains an endoperoxide moiety that can react with iron to form cytotoxic free radicals. Cancer cells contain significantly more intracellular free iron than normal cells and it has been shown that artemisinin and its analogs selectively cause apoptosis in many cancer cell lines. In addition, artemisinin compounds have been shown to have anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastasis, and growth inhibition effects. These properties make artemisinin compounds attractive cancer chemotherapeutic drug candidates. However, simple artemisinin analogs are less potent than traditional cancer chemotherapeutic agents and have short plasma half-lives, and would require high dosage and frequent administration to be effective for cancer treatment. More potent and target-selective artemisinin-compounds are being developed. These include artemisinin dimers and trimers, artemisinin hybrid compounds, and tagging of artemisinin compounds to molecules that are involved in the intracellular iron-delivery mechanism. These compounds are promising potent anticancer compounds that produce significantly less side effect than traditional chemotherapeutic agents.
Phase-only projection-slice filters for invariant optical pattern recognition

The projection-slice theorem, often used in tomographic applications for medical imaging, is utilized in conjunction with the SDF concept to implement a distortion-invariant filter. The marriage of these two well-known fields results in an effective tool for invariant pattern recognition. 1D filtering and phase-only techniques are used to implement the projection-slice synthetic discriminant function filter, which is then compared with bench-mark filters, such as the SDF filter and the matched filter in both complex and phase- only forms for a particular set of images.
Transitivity and consistency

Abstract In the presence of the Weak Chernoff property, the expansion consistency property known as β characterises transitivity of the base relation. It is shown that β may be replaced by a new property. The new property is a substitution property. Since it is not an expansion consistency property, it is argued that it is some form of equivalent treatment rather than expansion consistency that is the essential requirement for transitivity of the base relation. The content of this paper is taken from the section on collective rationality in Baigent (1989), which contains more results similar to the one offered here.
Design, Fabrication of High-Throughput Microarray Microfluidic Device for Membrane Protein Polyhedra Formation

In this paper, we designed and fabricated High-throughput Microfluidic device for membrane protein polyhedral. Protein is the most important functional element in our human body and also it could be applied to the key application areas of drug bonding and drug delivery. However protein stucture is difficult to be analyzed due to the complex and variable geometry of protein stucture which can be randomly formed by 20 amino acids and also plused 3D folding of stucture possibly. Based on this, we could imagine it would be a huge variable number of protein stucture, let’s say billion possibilities. Therefore if we can successful discover protein stucture, then we can expect that will improve drug delivery of medical technology forward to a big step.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Convective losses from cavity solar receivers--Comparisons between analytical predictions and experimental results

Cavity solar receivers are generally believed to have higher thermal efficiencies than external receivers due to reduced losses. A simple analytical model was presented by the author which indicated that the ability to heat the air inside the cavity often controls the convective loss from cavity receivers. Thus, if the receiver contains a large amount of inactive hot wall area, it can experience a large convective loss. Excellent experimental data from a variety of cavity configurations and orientations have recently become available. These data provided a means of testing and refining the analytical model. In this manuscript, a brief description of the refined model is presented. Emphasis is placed on using available experimental evidence to substantiate the hypothesized mechanisms and assumptions. Detailed comparisons are given between analytical predictions and experimental results. Excellent agreement is obtained, and the important mechanisms are more clearly delineated.
The effects of neutral positioning with and without padding on spinal immobilization of healthy subjects

Objectives. To compare the incidences and severities of pain experienced by healthy volunteers undergoing spinal immobilization in the neutral position with and without occipital padding. To compare the incidence of pain when immobilized in the neutral position with the incidence in a nonneutral position. Methods. Thirty-nine healthy volunteers over the age of 18 years who had no acute pain or illness, were not pregnant, and had no history of back problems or surgery voluntarily participated in a prospective, randomized, crossover study conducted in a clinical laboratory setting. Appropriately sized rigid cervical collars were applied to the subjects, who were then immobilized on wooden backboards with their cervical spines maintained in the neutral position using towels (padded) or plywood (unpadded) under their occiputs. The subjects were secured to the board with straps, soft head blocks, and tape for 15 minutes to simulate a typical ambulance transport time. The straps, head blocks, and tape were remo...
Development of an electrochemical insulin sensor based on the insulin-linked polymorphic region

Here we report the design and fabrication of an electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor for detection of insulin. The aptamer used in this study is the insulin-linked polymorphic region (ILPR) sequence, a G-rich sequence that presumably undergoes ligand-induced folding to form a G-quadruplex in presence of insulin. Our circular dichroism data, however, suggests that the ILPR sequence, even in absence of the target, is predominantly in a G-quadruplex-like form. Insulin binding, however, has shown to further induce the formation of the G-quadruplex. To evaluate the potential of the ILPR sequence as a biosensing element, we constructed two E-AB insulin sensors that are identical in all aspects but the location of the methylene blue (MB) redox label. We find that the sensor fabricated with internal MB-modified probes (In-IT) shows enhanced sensing behavior when compared to one fabricated using terminal-MB modified probes (In1). The improvements observed with the In-IT sensor could be attributed to the more effective obstruction of electron transfer upon insulin binding. Overall, both sensors perform well, affording a detection limit of 10 nM and 50 nM for the In-IT and In1 sensors, respectively.
Psychoanalysis: Critique of Habermas' prototype of critical social sciences

Abstract Habermas' hermeneutic interpretation of psychoanalysis is examined and his claim that it represents “the only tangible example of a science, incorporating methodological self-reflection” is evaluated and rejected. It is argued that Freud's therapeutic practice cannot be separated from his metapsychology which, in fact, grounds and permeates the therapeutic relationship. Nor can it be maintained that the patient and analyst relate as equals, as Habermas' conception of the ideal-speech situation requires. In fact Habermas fails to justify the psychoanalytic claim of “cure” through insight, and overlooks the systematically ideological character of psychoanalytic interpretation.
The Illinois Smart Energy Design Assistance Program

ABSTRACT In response to growing energy costs and in support of small business, the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) has developed the Smart Energy Design Assistance Program to provide businesses and the public sector with help in identifying opportunities to save energy and money while reducing overhead and operational costs. The program is implemented by the Smart Energy Design Assistance Center (SEDAC), operated by the Building Research Council (BRC) at the University of Illinois at Urb ana-Champaign in partnership with 360 Energy Group, LLC. In the past four years, the program has assisted over 1,560 Illinois clients. These Illinois entities have more than 43,000 employees, representing a geographical cross section of the state. Of these clients, 427 have received quantitative energy-saving project recommendations. Our analysis suggests that, with an additional first-year investment of $81.7 million, these clients could accrue annual energy cost savings of $17.3 million. ...