cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outpatient Psychiatric Documentation Use by Primary Care Physicians Following De-Sensitization in the Electronic Medical Record.

The authors assessed the ways in which primary care physicians (PCPs) utilize outpatient psychiatric documentation that has recently become accessible to non-psychiatric providers in the UC Davis Healthcare System electronic medical record (EMR). The authors distributed a nine-question paper survey to 71 PCPs on the UC Davis Medical Center Campus in Sacramento, California. Questions addressed awareness of changes in accessibility of psychiatric documentation, which parts of the psychiatric note were most useful, and ways in which reviewing psychiatric notes changed providers’ practice and perception of patients with mental illness. Survey return rate was 100 % due to in-person distribution and collection of survey. More than half (58 %) of respondents were unaware that they had access to psychiatric notes. Within the psychiatric note, providers focused most on plan, diagnosis, and assessment components. Those who were aware reported improved understanding (97 %) and comfort with discussing mental illness (79 %), increased consideration of side effects of psychiatric medications (79 %), and improved efficiency in encounters with psychiatric patients (97 %). Responses about likelihood to contact psychiatrists directly varied considerably. About 45 % of respondents were more likely to consider psychosomatic etiology for patients who were also seen by outpatient psychiatry. Overall, PCPs reported that accessibility of outpatient psychiatric notes significantly enhanced their experience of caring for patients with mental illness. Future goals include increasing awareness and education about availability of psychiatric notes as well as optimizing communication between psychiatrists and PCPs. The authors recommend future studies focused on changes in perceptions among providers as a result of continued use of psychiatric documentation.
Hume’s Theory of Business Ethics Revisited

Hume’s examination of the conventions of property, trade, and contract addresses the moral foundations that make business possible. In this light, Hume’s theory of justice is also a foundational work in business ethics. In Hume’s analysis of these conventions, both philosophers and game theorists have correctly identified “proto” game-theoretic elements. One of the few attempts to offer a Humean theory of business ethics rests on this game-theoretic interpretation of Hume’s argument. This article argues that game-theoretic reasoning is only one part of a Humean business ethics and this can be shown by further analyzing Hume’s theory of justice. As we examine his theory, it becomes clear that Hume is not trying to show how it is always rational to respect the rules of business. Hume is not engaging in, or attempting, a reconciliation project and neither is a Humean business ethics. The final section of the article is a brief Humean analysis of the effectiveness of codes of ethics. The purpose of this section is not to decide the issue but to show how a Humean approach is both useful, relevant, and involves more than reconciling rationality and morality.
Ectopic Thyroid in the Right Carotid Triangle

• A neck mass in the right carotid triangle of a 28-year-old woman was found to be the only thyroid tissue she possessed. Resection of the mass led to clinical and biochemical hypothyroidism. A possible explanation for the unlikely occurrence of lateral aberrant thyroid tissue and absence of a thyroid gland in the usual location is offered. It is suggested that patients with midline or low lateral neck masses undergo isotopic scanning of the thyroid gland before any iodinated contrast materials are administered or surgery performed. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1988;114:913-915)
Fluctuations in Continuous Mammalian Cell Bioreactors with Retention

Continuous flow bioreactors with cell retention have been increasingly used for the cultivation of mammalian cells. The potential advantages of such bioreactors are high cell concentrations and volumetric productivities. In many reported cases, these systems have shown fluctuations in cell concentrations of various frequency and magnitude. To analyze the dynamics of the fluctuations, a model-based approach is followed. Simulations showed that large fluctuations in biomass resulted in response to fluctuations in the retention ratio when the system is operated at high dilution rate and high cell retention. The dependence of cell concentration fluctuations on variations in dilution rate and retention ratio was established by a cross-correlation statistical analysis on available experimental data. The slower dynamics and the fluctuation propensity of retention systems suggest that continuous culture without retention is more convenient for kinetic studies. In all likelihood, continuous culture with retention can be stabilized by controlling both the retention ratio and the dilution rate.
Difference in Disease Burden and Activity in Pediatric Patients on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Time of Multiple Sclerosis Onset vs Adults

Objective To compare initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of children and adults at multiple sclerosis (MS) onset. Design Retrospective analysis of features of first brain MRI available at MS onset in patients with pediatric-onset and adult-onset MS. Setting A pediatric and an adult MS center. Patients Patients with pediatric-onset Main Outcome Measures We evaluated initial and second (when available) brain MRI scans obtained at the time of first MS symptoms for lesions that were T2-bright, ovoid and well defined, large (≥1cm), or enhancing. Results We identified 41 patients with pediatric-onset MS and 35 patients with adult-onset MS. Children had a higher number of total T2- (median, 21 vs 6; P P P = .001) and enhancing lesions (68.4% vs 21.2%; P P P Conclusion While it is unknown whether the higher disease burden, posterior fossa involvement, and rate of new lesions in pediatric-onset MS are explained by age alone, these characteristics have been associated with worse disability progression in adults.
Musculoskeletal parameters of muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow and the effect of sarcomere length sample size on estimation of optimal muscle length.

Abstract Background. Knowledge of musculoskeletal parameters is essential to understanding and modeling a muscle's force generating capability. A study of musculoskeletal parameters was conducted in two parts: (I) Empirical measurement of upper extremity musculoskeletal parameters. (II) Computational bootstrap simulation to examine statistical power of detecting optimal muscle length as a function of sarcomere length sample size and effect size. Methods. Parameters were determined with a cadaver model. Sarcomere lengths were measured for 120 samples per muscle using laser diffraction and the mean sarcomere length used to estimate optimal muscle length. A bootstrap computational simulation was conducted to estimate variance in mean sarcomere length as a function of sample size. Statistical power for detecting optimal muscle length as a function of sample size and effect size was then determined. Findings. Parameters are reported in tabular format. Power is 80% at approximately 85, 50, 40 and 25 samples for effect sizes of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 mm respectively. Interpretation. Musculoskeletal parameters for predicting muscle forces can be adequately measured in a cadaver model. Measurement of 40–60 sarcomere lengths per muscle is sufficient to calculate mean sarcomere length for estimating optimal muscle length with power of 80% for an effect size of 0.75–1.0 mm.
Starfield identification for autonomous interplanetary navigation

A six feature all-sky star field identification algorithm has been developed for interplanetary navigation of autonomous spacecraft. The minimum identifiable star pattern element consists of an oriented star triplet defined by three stars, their celestial coordinates, and visual magnitudes. Two navigational instruments are made obsolete by using this algorithm integrated with the CCD-based imaging camera.
The importance of scale to energy security

Energy security, once solely a local matter, has evolved into several scales of consideration – household, workplace, nation-state, and global systems. In result, energy policies addressing energy security must evolve as well. Based on discussions at a two-day workshop in Singapore, this paper summarizes four of the most important. First, in order for energy policies to embrace both efficacy and equity, they must be considered in terms of their scalar effects; second, energy security at the national level demands that each country initiate a diversity of energy supplies and an abundance of routes for energy delivery; third, establishing proper and effective policies for energy security must closely consider context if they are to be adequate and useful; fourth, energy security requires a non-linear approach to policy formation if threats and challenges are to be adequately conceptualized and addressed. All future research into energy security must explore the complex relationship between scale and energy security.
474—Electrochemistry of 6,7-dimethylpterins

Abstract 6,7-Dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetdhydropterin (6,7-DMTHP) gives rise to three voltammetric oxidation peaks at the pyrolytic graphite electrode. Peak I a is an almost reversible 2 e − −2 H + oxidation reaction to an unstable quinonoid dihydropterin. The actual structure of this unstable species has not been established but cyclic voltammetry, thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry and potentiostatic experiments reveal that the quinonoid dihydropterin undergoes a pH dependent first order reaction to give 6,7-dimethyl-7,8-dihydropterin (6,7-DMDHP). Peak II a is due to a 2 e − −2 H + quasi-reversible electrooxidation of covalently hydrated 6,7-DMDHP (6,7-DMDHP-H 2 O) giving rise to 6,7-dimethylpterin (6,7-DMP). Non-hydrated 6,7-DMDHP in turn reacts chemically to give 6,7-dimethylpterin (6,7-DMP). Non-hydrated 6,7-DMDHP is oxidized to 6,7-DMP in the peak III a process.
Wide area monitoring in power systems using cellular neural networks

The demand of power and the size and complexity of the power system is increasing. Wide area monitoring and control is an integral part in transitioning from the traditional power system to a Smart Grid. However, wide area monitoring becomes challenging as the size of the electric power grid, and consequently the number of components to be monitored, grows. Wide area monitor (WAM) designed using feed-forward and feedback neural network architectures do not scale up to handle the growing complexity of the Smart Grid. In this paper, cellular neural network (CNN) is presented as a way to provide scalability in the development of a WAM for Smart Grid. The CNN based WAM is compared with multilayer perceptrons (MLP) based WAM on two different power systems. The results show that the CNN has better or comparable performance with, and scales up much better than, MLP.
A post-accelerator for the US rare isotope accelerator facility

Abstract The proposed rare isotope accelerator (RIA) facility includes a post-accelerator for rare isotopes (RIB linac) which must produce high-quality beams of radioactive ions over the full mass range, including uranium, at energies above the Coulomb barrier, and have high transmission and efficiency. The latter requires the RIB linac to accept at injection ions in the 1+ charge state. A concept for such a post accelerator suitable for ions up to mass 132 has been previously described [1] . This paper presents a modified concept which extends the mass range to uranium. A high resolution separator for purifying beams at the isobaric level precedes the RIB linac. The mass filtering process will provide high purity beams while preserving transmission. For most cases a resolution of about m/ Δ m=20 000 is adequate at mass A=100 to obtain a separation between isobars of mass excess difference of 5 MeV. The design for a device capable of purifying beams at the isobaric level includes calculations up to fifth order. The RIB linac will utilize existing superconducting heavy-ion linac technology for all but a small portion of the accelerator system. The exceptional piece, a very-low-charge-state injector section needed for just the first few MV of the RIB accelerator, consists of a pre-buncher followed by several sections of cw, normally-conducting RFQ. Two stages of charge stripping are provided: helium gas stripping at energies of a few keV/u, and additional foil stripping at ∼680 keV/u for the heavier ions. In extending the mass range to uranium, however, for best efficiency the helium gas stripping must be performed at different energies for different mass ions. We present numerical simulations of the beam dynamics of a design for the complete RIB linac which provides for several stripping options and uses cost-effective solenoid focusing elements in the drift-tube linac.
Kinematic Measurements of the Vocal-Fold Displacement Waveform in Typical Children and Adult Populations: Quantification of High-Speed Endoscopic Videos

Purpose This article presents a quantitative method for assessing instantaneous and average lateral vocal-fold motion from high-speed digital imaging, with a focus on developmental changes in vocal-fold kinematics during childhood. Method Vocal-fold vibrations were analyzed for 28 children (aged 5–11 years) and 28 adults (aged 21–45 years) without voice disorders. The following kinematic features were analyzed from the vocal-fold displacement waveforms: relative velocity-based features (normalized average and peak opening and closing velocities), relative acceleration-based features (normalized peak opening and closing accelerations), speed quotient, and normalized peak displacement. Results Children exhibited significantly larger normalized peak displacements, normalized average and peak opening velocities, normalized average and peak closing velocities, peak opening and closing accelerations, and speed quotient compared to adult women. Values of normalized average closing velocity and speed quotient wer...
Enlargement of high density lipoprotein in mice via liver X receptor activation requires apolipoprotein E and is abolished by cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression.

The factors involved in the generation of larger high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, HDL1 and HDLc, are still not well understood. Administration of a specific synthetic liver X receptor (LXR) agonist, T0901317, in mice resulted in an increase of not only HDL cholesterol but also HDL particle size (Cao, G., Beyer, T. P., Yang, X. P., Schmidt, R. J., Zhang, Y., Bensch, W. R., Kauffman, R. F., Gao, H., Ryan, T. P., Liang, Y., Eacho, P. I., and Jiang, X. C. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 39561–39565). We have investigated the roles that apoE and CETP may play in this process. We treated apoE-deficient, cholesterol ester transport protein (CETP) transgenic, and wild type mice with various doses of the LXR agonist and monitored their HDL levels. Fast protein liquid chromatography and apolipoprotein analysis revealed that in apoE knockout mouse plasma, there was neither induction of larger HDL formation nor increase of HDL cholesterol, suggesting that apoE is essential for the LXR agonist effects on HDL metabolism. In CETP transgenic mice, CETP expression completely abolished LXR agonist-mediated HDL enlargement and greatly attenuated HDL cholesterol levels. Analysis of HDL particles by electron microscope and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis revealed similar findings. In apoE-deficient mice, LXR agonist also produced a significant increase in very low density lipoprotein/low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B content. Our studies provide direct evidence that apoE and CETP are intimately involved in the accumulation of the enlarged HDL (HDL1 or HDLc) particles in mice.
Amrubicin hydrochloride for relapsed small-cell lung cancer

Introduction: Despite small-cell lung cancer often being very sensitive to chemotherapy treatment, duration of response is often short-lived in patients who are diagnosed with extensive disease at the onset. To improve survival in these patients and provide alternative treatment options, new chemotherapeutic agents have been evaluated, including amrubicin, a recent second-line treatment for patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Areas covered: The authors reviewed the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of amrubicin and evaluated it versus other currently available chemotherapeutic agents. Existing Phases I, II, and III clinical data were reviewed. In Phase I trials, amrubicin was shown to be a safe and tolerable agent. Results from Phase II studies appeared promising, suggesting that patients treated with amrubicin had a better overall response rate and a longer progression-free survival versus topotecan. Unfortunately, the randomized Phase III trial, designed to definitively compare amrubicin ...
New examples of maximal space like surfaces in the anti-de Sitter space

Abstract Let H 1 3 be the three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. In this paper we will construct new examples of complete maximal space like surfaces in H 1 3 . Moreover, we will prove that any complete maximal space like surface in H 1 3 with principal curvatures ±κ bounded away from zero must be isometric to the hyperbolic cylinder. Since the new examples that we have constructed have exactly two principal curvatures everywhere, we conclude that the condition on the principal curvatures on the previous result, i.e. the condition | κ ( m ) | > c > 0 , cannot be replaced by the condition | κ ( m ) | > 0 .
Radon levels can be predicted

Scientists doing a yearlong study of radon levels in houses have identified several major factors that affect concentrations and have developed a method for predicting indoor radon levels before a house is built. Douglas Mose and George Mushrush (George Mason University, Fairfax, Va.) studied 1500 homes in northern Virginia and central Maryland near Washington, D.C. Radon is a radioactive decay product of uranium that occurs in many rock types. The gas can accumulate in buildings and pose a serious health hazard. Results from the Washington-area study show that ∼35% of the houses had average yearly radon concentrations above 4 pico-Curies per liter (pCi/L), the level at which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) suggests that a homeowner should take steps to reduce radon concentrations. At a level of 4–10 pCi/L an estimated 13–120 lung cancer deaths would be expected for every 1000 people exposed. Such a risk is comparable to having 200 chest X rays per year, according to EPA statistics.
Leucocyte Adhesion Molecules in Host Defence against Infection

The destructive potential of leucocytes needs to be fully held in check in the circulation, while being released at the site of tissue destruction and infection. Leucocyte adhesion molecules are the key to this regulation, the recognition by the leucocytes of areas of tissue damage, and to transendothelial migration of leucocytes into these areas. The three classes of leucocyte adhesion molecules - the integrins, selectins and immunoglobulin superfamily members - are reviewed with their ligands and presented in the context of leucocyte migration, activation and host defence.
Quantifying actinic keratosis: assessing the evidence.

Actinic keratoses are pre-malignant lesions, and it is standard practice to destroy them. Optimal management of actinic keratoses requires data on the efficacy of the numerous tecniques employed in their treatment. Evaluating treatment efficacy requires before and after treatment quantification of actinic keratoses. Studies on the therapy and natural history of actinic keratoses have quantified these lesions by counting them. Counting actinic keratoses is unreliable because this technique lacks interobserver reproducibility. Consequently, studies based on counting actinic keratoses are fatally flawed and their conclusions of doubtful accuracy. Counting actinic keratoses should be abandoned as a technique for evaluating the therapy of actinic keratoses and the issue of spontaneous regression of actinic keratoses. A technique for reliably quantifying actinic keratoses is sorely needed.
Influence of recurrent selection for flowering on flowering and yields in kura clover

These investigations were conducted to determine the effectiveness of first- and second-season selection programs for increasing forage and seed yield in kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.). ‘Rhizo’ kura clover, the base population, was grown as spaced plants in two programs for six generations of selection for flowering in the seedling and second seasons. Remnant seed for each generation of selection was used to establish spaced plant and broadcast evaluation trials. The first-season selection program was effective in increasing flowering not only in the first season, but for two subsequent seasons. The second-season selection for flowering had little or no effect. However, vigor, forage and seed yields were not increased by either program, and the first-season program progressively reduced vigor and forage yields as generations of selection increased. The cause of this is unknown but may be associated with inbreeding depression or detrimental physiological effects of first-season flowering. Reselection to eliminate possible inbreeding effects is being conducted to further examine the possibility of increasing seedling and aftermath vigor in kura clover.
Phase stability under irradiation — a review of theory and experiment

Abstract A critical review of the current state of the theories for phase stability under irradiation is presented. Starting from the primary damage structure a formalism is presented which is used to describe radiation enhanced diffusion, precipitate dissolution, metastable precipitate sequences and phase diagram modification under irradiation. In the case of precipitate dissolution it is shown that current theory has been misinterpreted, and an alternative steady state analysis is presented which shows that the particle distribution depends on the pre-existing distribution or on new nucleation. Current theories for phase diagram modification under irradiation are critically reviewed and extended to cover the effect of radiation-induced disordering and amorphization. For the former case a calculated phase diagram (Ti-Ru) is presented as modified by irradiation.
A general approach to criteria aggregation using fuzzy measures

Abstract The central focus of this work is to provide a general formulation for the aggregation of multi-criteria. This formulation is based upon the use of fuzzy subsets to model the criteria and the use of fuzzy measures to capture the interrelationship between criteria. A form of the fuzzy integral is used to connect these two to obtain the overall decision function. We are particularly interested here in the formulations obtained under different assumptions about the nature of the underlying fuzzy measure. We show how a number of the classic aggregation methods fall out as special cases of this very general formulation.
The molecular basis of anterior associated immune deviation (ACAID).

(1997). The molecular basis of anterior associated immune deviation (ACAID) Ocular Immunology and Inflammation: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 213-215.
Second-Class Representatives or Work Horses? Committee Assignments and Electoral Incentives in the Scottish Parliament

The Scottish Parliament was designed to break from the traditional Westminster model. Two major changes introduced in the Scottish Parliament were the use of the mixed-member proportional (MMP) system to elect representatives, and the creation of powerful legislative committees. This article links these two areas, by showing that there is a difference in the committee strategies of constituency MSPs and list MSPs, with list MSPs being more active on legislative committees than constituency MSPs. However, not all list MSPs follow the same strategy. As candidates are allowed to run for office both as a constituency candidate and as a member of the party list, I find that those list MSPs who ran for office exclusively on the party list are the most active committee members.
Rapid purification of immunoglobulin G using aza-arenophilic chromatography: novel mode of protein—solid phase interactions

A derivative of aza-arenophilic gel having a dichlorosubstituent and an hydroxy ion as a capping nucleophile has been prepared. The properties of this gel in relation to IgG purification have been investigated in details. In the presence of high salt (1.5 M), albumin and some other serum proteins did not bind to the gel. IgG and some other minor proteins, however, were bound to the gel. The bound proteins can be eluted with an acidic buffer. SDS-PAGE showed that the fraction eluted with 0.1 M sodium acetate pH 4.2 consisted mainly of IgGs.
Impact of maternal immunization on influenza hospitalizations in infants

We sought to determine whether maternal vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations in infants
A universal Strouhal number for the ‘locking-on’ of vortex shedding to the vibrations of bluff cylinders

It is well known that the vortices shed from a circular cylinder lock on in frequency to the vibrations when the cylinder is forced to vibrate or is naturally excited to sufficient amplitudes by flow-induced forces. This paper presents a model for a universal wake Strouhal number, valid in the subcritical range of Reynolds numbers, for both forced and vortex-excited oscillations in the locking-on regime. The Strouhal numbers thus obtained are constant at St* = 0·178 over the range of wake Reynolds numbers Re* = 700-5 × 104. This value is in good agreement with the results obtained by Roshko (1954a) and Bearman (1967) for stationary circular cylinders and other bluff bodies in the same range of Reynolds numbers. A correspondence between the amplification of the cylinder base pressure, drag and vortex circulation is demonstrated over a wide range of frequencies and for vibration amplitudes up to a full cylinder diameter (peak to peak). The fraction e of the shed vorticity in the individual vortices is found to be dependent upon the base-pressure parameter K = (1 − Cpb)½. Consequently, e is also a function of the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations in the locking-on regime.
Subclavian Steal Due to Hypoplasia of the Seventh Left Intersegmental Artery

Hypoplasia of the seventh left intersegmental artery resulted in a symptomatic subclavian steal syndrome in a 35-year-old white man. The lesion was successfully treated by aortosubclavian bypass.
Three-dimensional simulation of electrothermal deicing systems

This paper examines three-dimensional transient heat transfer in a multilayered body that is ice covered. The physical application studied is the process of melting and removal of ice from aircraft components by use of electrothermal heaters. To model the ice-phase change, a predictor-corrector technique is used which assumes a phase for each ice gridpoint. This allows the use of the method-of-Douglas three-dimensio nal alternating direction numerical solver to iteratively converge on the correct phase of each ice node for each time step. Three-dimensional results are presented and the usefulness of the code as a design tool is illustrated. Comparisons between experimental deicer test results and numerical simulations are discussed. Nomenclature Cp = specific heat capacity, Btu/lb-°F H = enthalpy, Btu/lb h = heat transfer coefficient, Btu/h-ft2-°F k = thermal conductivity, Btu/h-ft-°F L = latent heat of fusion of ice, Btu/lb Q = rate of heat generation per unit volume, Btu/h-ft3 Rx — jc-direction Fourier number, dimensionless Ry = y-direction Fourier number, dimensionless Rz = z-direction Fourier number, dimensionless T = temperature, °F
Anti—Ro/SS-a Antibodies in the Pathophysiology of Congenital Heart Block in Neonatal Lupus Syndrome, An Experimental Model

Objective. To determine whether anti—Ro/SS-A antibodies selectively bind to neonatal cardiac cells and alter membrane repolarization. Methods. An in vitro electrophysiologic and immunocytochemical experimental model contrasting neonatal and rabbit cardiac tissue was employed. Results. Sera and IgG-enriched fractions from anti—Ro/SS-A antibody—positive mothers of infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus and congenital heart block bind to neonatal, rather than adult, rabbit cardiac tissue and alter the transmembrane action potential (i.e., inhibit repolarization). The additional presence of anti—La/SS-B antibodies was not additive or synergistic for these immunocytochemical and electrophysiologic features. Sera containing other antibody specificities (i.e., anti—native DNA, cardiolipin, Sm, and nuclear RNP) failed to stain the neonatal cardiac tissue or produce alterations in membrane repolarization. Conclusion. Anti—Ro/SS-A antibodies may play a pathophysiologic role in the development of congenital heart block in neonatal lupus.
Metastatic seminoma and grade 1 follicular lymphoma presenting concurrently in a supraclavicular lymph node: a case report

An asymptomatic 67-year-old man presented with a left supraclavicular lymph node that enlarged over a 2-month period which was biopsied. Pathologic features were consistent with involvement by metastatic seminoma and follicular lymphoma, follicular pattern, grade 1 (of 3). Staging Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography scans indicated several areas of enlarged lymph nodes. The patient completed chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy. This is the first reported case of metastatic seminoma and follicular lymphoma occurring in the same lymph node. No obvious pathophysiologic link exists between these two malignancies and there are no shared common risk factors. Given the natural history of these two malignancies, if this patient develops recurrent lymphadenopathy, it will be difficult to identify whether the enlarged lymph nodes represent recurrent seminoma or follicular lymphoma without a biopsy of each pathologically enlarged node. Similarly, Fluorodeoxyglucose- Positron Emission Tomography is known to be active in both seminoma and follicular lymphoma, making this scan non-specific in this patient. Finally, this patient had no baseline elevation in any germ cell tumor marker. Thus, serum tumor markers cannot be relied upon as surrogates for response to chemotherapy or as identifiers of relapsed seminoma.
Feedback on Feedback: Exploring Student Responses to Teachers' Written Commentary

Writing is an act of confidence, as Mina Shaughnessy has reminded us in Errors and Expectations. L1 and L2 theories related to learning to write thus suggest that feedback be supportive to facilitate that confidence. 1 Although most educators agree—at least in theory—that a positive, dynamic interaction is necessary to give students the confidence to take charge of their writing (Brannon and Knoblauch; Elbow; Ferris, “Response;” Lea and Street; Straub, “The Student”), research shows that commentary practices don’t always reflect that premise. As Stern and Solomon put it, overwhelmed with the number of papers to respond to and unsure of how to provide effective commentary, instructors often “scribble a few arbitrary comments and assign an obligatory grade” (24). Such comments are more likely to
THE LOOMING CRISIS: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MARINE MAMMALS AND FISHERIES

Direct fisheries interactions pose a serious threat to the conservation of many populations and some species of marine mammals. The most acute problem is bycatch, unintended mortality in fishing gear, although this can transition into unregulated harvest under some circumstances. A growing issue in some fisheries is depredation, in which marine mammals remove captured fish from nets or lines. Depredation reduces the value of catch and may lead to a greater risk of entanglement and the potential for retaliatory measures taken by fishermen. The conservation threat caused by direct fisheries interactions is most dire for small populations of cetaceans and dugongs. Immediate action is needed to assess the magnitude of bycatch, particularly in many areas of Africa and Asia where little work has been conducted. New and innovative solutions to this problem are required that take account of the socioeconomic conditions experienced by fishermen and allow for efficient transfer of mitigation technology to fisheries of the developing world.
Dexmedetomidine sedation in a patient with superior vena cava syndrome and extreme needle phobia.

p 1 4 l t UPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME (SVCS) is a lifethreatening condition associated with high morbidity and ortality.1 Providing anesthesia for these patients can be paricularly challenging. The induction of general anesthesia may e associated with sudden airway obstruction, hemodynamic ompromise, and death.2 The underlying pathogenesis of cariorespiratory compromise in these patients is caused by exrinsic (or intrinsic) airway (with or without cardiac or major essel) compression.3 It is particularly concerning that some atients with little or no symptoms of airway compression may evelop life-threatening airway obstruction and cardiovascular ollapse after the induction of general anesthesia.4 There are several case reports and review articles on the ethods of providing anesthesia for these patients.4 Suggested ptions include local anesthesia in patients with evidence of evere airway obstruction, general anesthesia with spontaneous entilation, and elective preparation for venovenous bypass, hich involves cannulating the femoral vessels and priming a ardiopulmonary bypass circuit before the induction of general nesthesia.5 A thorough review of the medical literature did not eveal any previous report of the use of dexmedetomidine for edation and analgesia in these patients. Therefore, the management of a patient with a large anterior ediastinal mass associated with clinical and radiologic feaures of SVCS is presented using a dexmedetomidine infusion or sedation and analgesia during anterior mediastinotomy Chamberlain’s procedure). This minimally invasive procedure nvolves a left parasternal incision and deep dissection to gain ccess to the lymph nodes in the aortopulmonary window.
Evolution of the talking dinosaur: the (not so) natural history of a new interface for children

The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate key features of the interface and content design of ActiMates Barney. ActiMates Barney operates in three different usage contexts: As a freestanding toy and, by means of a wireless radio link, with PC-based software and linear videotapes. The interface features of each mode (freestanding, with the computer, and with the television) are described, as well as how the interplay between design goals and usability research results shaped the product’s final form.
ACUTE CHARCOT'S ARTHROPATHY OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE

Charcot's joint (neuropathic osteoarthropathy) is a progressive condition affecting the musculoskeletal system and is characterized by joint dislocation, pathologic fractures, and often debilitating deformities (Figs. 1 and 2).1 The condition most commonly occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus who have severe peripheral neuropathies. The prevalence of Charcot's joint is variable, ranging from 0.16% of all patients with diabetes2 to as high as 13% of patients receiving care at a high-risk diabetic foot clinic.1 The frequency of diagnosis of this condition appears to be increasing as a result of increased awareness of its signs and symptoms. The Etiology of Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy (Charcot's Joint) Neuropathic osteoarthropathy was first reported by Musgrave in 1703.3 He described it as an arthralgia secondary to venereal disease. In 1868, the noted French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot became the first investigator to concisely describe the neuropathic component of the disease.4…
The Norwegian Scots: An Anthropological Interpretation of Viking-Scottish Identity in the Orkney Islands

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Michael A. Lange Year: 2007 Pages: 356 Publisher: The Edwin Mellen Press ISBN: 978-0-7734-5362-3 (hard cover). Prices: $119.95 USD(hard cover).
Teaching Brain-Behavior Relations Economically with Stimulus Equivalence Technology.

Instructional interventions based on stimulus equivalence provide learners with the opportunity to acquire skills that are not directly taught, thereby improving the efficiency of instructional efforts. The present report describes a study in which equivalence-based instruction was used to teach college students facts regarding brain anatomy and function. The instruction involved creating two classes of stimuli that students understood as being related. Because the two classes shared a common member, they spontaneously merged, thereby increasing the yield of emergent relations. Overall, students mastered more than twice as many facts as were explicitly taught, thus demonstrating the potential of equivalence-based instruction to reduce the amount of student investment that is required to master advanced academic topics.
Chinese Mortgage Law: An American Perspective

The task of creating a system of law for real estate security interests is a daunting one – and all the more so if it must be done very quickly. The law of mortgages that prevails in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the other nations whose legal systems were derived from England has had the luxury of some 600 years of development. By contrast, the People’s Republic of China had little privately-owned real property, and hence little need for a law of real estate security, until 1988. From that time to the present, the Chinese government has been aggressively building a system of real estate finance that can support private ownership of property. In general, this effort has been remarkably successful and stands as a great compliment to its drafters. Loans on the security of houses, apartments, and commercial land and buildings are made every day, and without doubt have contributed vastly to the economic development of China during the past decade. At the same time, however, Chinese mortgage law has a number of serious problems – features which are either uncertain in operation, or which are unnecessary stumbling blocks to the smooth and efficient functioning of the market in real estate financing.
2,2′‐Biphospholane‐1,1′‐bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐(1S,1′S,2R,2′R)‐(9CI)

[470480-32-1] C16H32P2 (MW 286.37) InChI = 1S/C16H32P2/c1-15(2,3)17-11-7-9-13(17)14-10-8-12-18(14)16(4,5)6/h13-14H,7-12H2,1-6H3/t13-,14-,17+,18+/m1/s1 InChIKey = SJNUZTRUIDRSJK-KNCCTNLNSA-N (reagent used as a chiral ligand in a number of transition metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions, especially in asymmetric hydrogenations.1) Alternative Name: (1S,1′S,2R,2′R)-1,1′-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 2,2′-biphospholane; (1S,1S′,2R,2R′)-TangPhos. Physical Data: mp N/A due to autooxidization upon exposure to air, especially during heating process. Solubility: sol in CH2Cl2, ether, EtOAc, and most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white powdery solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, HRMS. Preparative Method: commercially available from Aldrich and Strem. Purification: pass through a basic Al2O3 plug, eluting with Et2O: hexane = 1:10. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: To prevent auto oxidization in the air, storing under argon and moisture free atmosphere is highly recommended.
Thermodynamics of Coupled Protein Adsorption and Stability Using Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulations

A better understanding of changes in protein stability upon adsorption can improve the design of protein separation processes. In this study, we examine the coupling of the folding and the adsorption of a model protein, the B1 domain of streptococcal protein G, as a function of surface attraction using a hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) approach with temperature replica exchange and umbrella sampling. In our HMC implementation, we are able to use a molecular dynamics (MD) time step that is an order of magnitude larger than in a traditional MD simulation protocol and observe a factor of 2 enhancement in the folding and unfolding rate. To demonstrate the convergence of our systems, we measure the travel of our order parameter the fraction of native contacts between folded and unfolded states throughout the length of our simulations. Thermodynamic quantities are extracted with minimum statistical variance using multistate reweighting between simulations at different temperatures and harmonic distance restraints from the surface. The resultant free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of the coupled unfolding and absorption processes are in qualitative agreement with previous experimental and computational observations, including entropic stabilization of the adsorbed, folded state relative to the bulk on surfaces with low attraction.
Experimental Bacterial Endocarditis in Altitude Rats II. Shortening Acclimatization Period

Summary and ConclusionSprague-Dawley rats were exposed in a low pressure chamber 4 hours daily 0 to 30 days to a simulated altitude of 25,000 feet (bar. p. 282 mm Hg). During the following 12 days, they were given 8 intravenous injections of 5. mitis. Bacterial endocarditis was found in 87% of the rats acclimatized 30 days, but in only 44% if the exposures to altitude were discontinued after the first injection. It was found in 17% of rats never exposed to altitude, and in 45% of those beginning exposures to altitude immediately before their first injection. Endocarditis was found in 11 of 15 altitude rats given a single injection of S. jaecalis. The susceptibility to endocarditis in this study varied with the mean hematocrit value. Since the hematocrit value approaches a maximum in about 30 days, there seems to be little indication for increasing the preliminary exposures to altitude beyond 30 days. It is suggested that such altitude rats be used for screening of methods for the treatment of bacterial en...
Complex partial seizures of childhood onset: a clinical and encephalographic study.

Electroclinical manifestations of 30 patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) of childhood onset (
Effects of Host Size on Selected Fitness Components of Aphytis melinus and A. lingnanensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Two congeneric ectoparasitoids, Aphytis lingnanensis Compere and A. melinus DeBach, discriminated among different-sized hosts of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell). Both parasitoids laid male eggs on small scales and females on large scales, but the scale on which A. melinus began to lay female eggs was smaller than that laid upon by A. lingnanensis. No differences in immature parasitoid mortality based on host size were detected. Over a certain range of scale sizes, female parasitoid size directly correlated with host size, and at intermediate host size female pupal size attained its maximum in both species. Potential fecundity, as predicted by female size, differed between the species. Also, A. melinus generally matured fewer ovarian eggs less quickly than A. lingnanensis. Influence of survival, size, and fecundity on competitive interactions between these parasitoid species are discussed.
Adaptive-Velocity Time-Geographic Density Estimation for Mapping the Potential and Probable Locations of Mobile Objects

Time-geographic density estimation (TGDE) provides a method for generating probability density surfaces for mobile objects. The technique operates by fitting distance-weighted geo-ellipses to each pair of points in a tracking dataset and combining them to create a final density surface. The sizes of the geo-ellipses, and thus the amount of smoothing, are determined by a velocity parameter which specifies how fast the object can travel. In prior formulations of TGDE this maximum-velocity parameter was treated as constant or fixed. This can be problematic if an object displays variable movement patterns, such as alternating between movements and stops. In this research we develop a more robust formulation of time-geographic density estimation, termed adaptive-velocity TGDE, which allows the maximum-velocity parameter to vary for each segment of the space-time path. First, the new mathematical formulation is demonstrated and compared with fixed-TGDE through an application to synthetic pedestrian tracking data. Second, both methods are evaluated in the context of accurately mapping the movement patterns of a homing pigeon tracked by GPS. The results of both applications demonstrate that adaptive-velocity TGDE has the potential to more accurately delineate the trajectories of mobile objects than the fixed-velocity version. Implications of these results in the context of developing a probabilistic time geography for general mobile objects are also discussed.
Slipping Away: Banana Politics and Fair Trade in the Eastern Caribbean

Mark Moberg. New York: Berghahn Books, 2011. xv and 250 pp., maps, photos, illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $32.95 paper (ISBN 978-1-84545-197-4); $90.00 cloth (ISBN 978-1-84545-145-5); $...
Effect of tempering and aging on mechanical properties of SA335 P92 steel weld joint

Effect of tempering and aging on mechanical properties of SA335 P92 steel weld joint was studied systematically.The results show that the hardness and impact energy of P92 weld joint tempered at 760 ℃ are higher than those of tempered at 740 ℃ and repaired by three times,the creep rupture of weld joint repaired by three times is significantly faster than the other two weld joint under the same stress which indicate that the repairing time of P92 steel weld joint should not exceed twice.The mechanical properties of P92 steel weld joint decrease with the prolongation of aging time after tempering,the aging causes the softening site in the heat-affected zone changing from 3 mm to 2 mm at the distance of the fusion line.
Quantitative RT-PCR Methods for Mature microRNA Expression Analysis

This chapter describes two methods to measure expression of mature miRNA levels using qRT-PCR. The first method uses stem-loop RT primers to produce cDNA for specific miRNAs, a technique that our laboratory has modified to increase the number of miRNAs being reverse transcribed within a single RT reaction from one (as suggested by the manufacturer) to five. The second method uses a modified oligo(dT) technique to reverse transcribe all transcripts within an RNA sample; therefore, target miRNA and normalizing mRNA can be analyzed from the same RT reaction. We examined the level of miRNA-132, a miRNA known to be upregulated in granulosa cells following hCG treatment, using both of these methods. Data were normalized to GAPDH or snU6 and evaluated by DeltaDeltaCt and standard curve analysis. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in miRNA-132 expression between the stem-loop and modified oligo(dT) RT methods indicating that both are statistically equivalent. However, from a technical point of view, the modified oligo(dT) method was less time consuming and required only a single RT reaction to reverse transcribe both miRNA and mRNA.