cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C5a Complement Depletion Suppresses In Vivo B Lymphoma Progression and Enhances Development Of Cellular Anti-Tumor Immune Response

Background Proteins within the complement system have complex effects on cellular immune responses. In previous studies, we found that active complement components, especially C5a, can dampen the development of antigen-specific immune responses following vaccination with a model antigen, in part by promoting generation of APC-induced T regulatory (Treg) cells. These studies also demonstrated that B lymphoma cell lines exposed to complement can induce Treg generation in vitro. The current study was designed to address whether depletion of C5a could enhance development of a cellular anti-lymphoma immune response in vivo. Methods Immunocompetent Balb/C mice were inoculated subcutaneously with syngeneic A20 B lymphoma cells mixed with either 10 μg of rat anti-mouse C5a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or 10 μg of isotype-matched Rat IgG2a control mAb. Tumor growth was followed. In select experiments, mice were sacrificed and analyzed for the percentage and activity of tumor-infiltrating T cells and A20-specific splenic T cell responses. Results 1. Tumor progression. Lymphoma grew more slowly in mice treated with anti-C5a mAb compared to mice treated with control mAb (p<0.05) {[Fig. 1][1]). ![Figure][2] 2. Intratumoral T cells. Tumors from mice treated with anti-C5a mAb had higher CD8+ T cell infiltration compared to mice treated with control mAb (p=0.002) ([Fig. 2][3]). Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells showed a trend towards higher intracellular IFNg production in mice treated with anti-C5a mAb compared to control mAb (p=0.051). ![Figure][2] 3. Splenic T cells. Splenic T cells from mice treated with anti-C5a mAb produced IFNg to a greater degree than did splenic T cells from control mice when splenocytes were cultured with irradiated A20 cells in vitro (p=0.041) ([Fig. 3][4]). There was a trend towards decreased numbers of splenic CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Tregs in C5a-depleted mice compared to control mice. ![Figure][2] Conclusions Depletion of C5a at the site of tumor inoculation slows tumor growth and increases the number of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells in a syngenic immunocompetent model of lymphoma. A trend towards enhanced production of IFNg in the tumor infiltrating T cells, increased numbers of tumor-specific splenic T cells, and reduced numbers of splenic Tregs, suggests intratumoral C5a depletion can enhance tumor-specific immune responses both within the tumor and systemically. Ongoing studies are exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in C5a-promoted tumor progression and the use of C5a depletion as a novel strategy to improve anti-tumor immunity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes [3]: #F2 [4]: #F3
Retracing Propinquity and the Ethno[flow]

Transnational migration flows are the conundrum of mobility and globalization: While transforming entire urban sections of the city into 'ethnic enclaves' - allowing for hosting nodes of reception to new arrivals - they also translate into extrapolated patches of these flows' points of geographical origin, conforming a new urban polynational metropolis. The results of this extra-national presence in the city generate instantaneous transnational connections in terms of financial, media and political links, which simultaneously reverse the original flow back to the point of departure. Thus, both flows consolidate themselves into a continuum: Biopower (Negri) 1 aggregates to form the incoming flow, while Immaterial Labour (Lazzaratto) 2 configures the reversed flow. Both of them conform the Ethno(flow) 3 The Ethno(flow) both generates and hinders multinational integration and propinquity, allowing for simultaneous tension and harmony. It enhances local urban economies, while financially supporting far away points in the globe. 'Transnational Suburbs' (Davis) 4 and 'Transnational Community+ies' (Portes) 5 are products of the Ethno(flow) The article gravitates around the concept of Ethno(flow) and its impact in the polynational metropolis. Case study analysis will be used to generate critical mass for theoretical elaborations resulting from the study of this phenomenon affecting the contemporary city.
Predictors of Rehospitalization Among Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Are Lesion Specific

Background— Readmission is responsible for a large proportion of inpatient care costs in adult congenital heart disease. There are, however, few data available to identify at-risk patients or to suggest strategies for intervention to prevent rehospitalization. Methods and Results— We conducted an analysis of admissions in patients over the age of 18 years with a 3-digit International Classification of Diseases -Ninth Revision code of 745 to 747 from the State Inpatient Databases of Arkansas (2008–2010), California (2003–2012), Florida (2005–2012), Hawaii (2006–2010), Nebraska (2003–2011), and New York (2005–2012). We investigated index admission diagnoses most commonly associated with 1-year readmission and the most common reasons for readmission. We then selected variables we thought would be associated with increased rates of 1-year readmission and constructed multivariable regression models grouping patients by congenital lesion, to examine the relative contribution of the specified variables to readmission risk for each lesion. A total of 64 420 patients were included in the final analysis. Thirty-nine percent of patients experienced a readmission within 12 months of an index admission. Compared with those who did not experience a readmission, those who did were more likely to have had a primary diagnosis of congestive heart failure at the time of index admission, and the most common diagnoses at the time of readmission were congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. There is lesion-specific heterogeneity in risk factors for readmission. Conclusions— Patients with adult congenital heart disease have high rates of readmission, predominantly for congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Predictors of readmission are lesion specific, and future strategies aimed at decreasing readmission rate will likely need to be individualized.
The Measurement of Adolescent Alcohol Problems via Item Response Theory and Their 15-Year Prospective Associations with Alcohol and Other Psychiatric Disorders.

Background A limited number of measures exist to assess alcohol problems during adolescence. Item response theory modeling was used to scale a measure of adolescent alcohol problems, including drinking and driving, and then related to alcohol and other psychiatric disorders that occurred over a 15-year period. Methods High school students (N = 832) completed the 13-item Alcohol Problems Index (API) at age 18 years as part of a long-term longitudinal study of predictors of alcohol use and alcohol disorders. Frequency of drinking and driving was also measured during adolescence. Lifetime psychiatric disorders, including alcohol disorders, were measured during young adulthood. Rasch modeling was used to scale the severity of alcohol problems, and the scaled total score was used to prospectively predict alcohol disorders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also computed between the adolescent alcohol problems and alcohol and other psychiatric disorders across a 15-year period. Results The prevalence of alcohol disorders was 38.7% (for alcohol dependence, it was 27.7%). Rasch modeling indicated that the API assessed a range of severity of alcohol problems and that drinking and driving were among the less severe indicators. Age 18 API scores significantly correlated with an alcohol diagnosis (0.34), and ROC curve analysis indicated that for adolescent alcohol problem scores, the diagnostic accuracy (or area under the curve) for an alcohol diagnosis by age 33 was 0.70. Conclusions Our findings supported the unidimensionality and reliability of the API, and statistically significant prospective prediction of young adult alcohol disorders. The measurement of alcohol problems during adolescence, in addition to drinking and driving, may be beneficial in understanding adverse consequences of drinking during adolescence as well as transitions in alcohol use and alcohol disorders across the lifespan.
BATHE: An Approach to the Interview Process in the Primary Care Setting

The American health care delivery system is undergoing a rapid and substantive change. Health care providers are now expected to depart from their traditional role of healers of the sick to a more comprehensive one of including maintenance of health as well. Incentives are being put in place to encourage physicians to interdict disease at its early, more curable stage and to detect and treat previously unrecognized or underrecognized conditions. Research indicates that there is a great need in the area of mental heath. In order for primary care practitioners to recognize patients who have mental health problems with some facility, it is recommended that they employ the BATHE technique for developing a psychosocial history. This technique will enable primary care practitioners to succinctly and efficiently uncover psychosocial problems while at the same time to lend support to patients as they attempt to come to grips with these issues.
Biodegradable organic matter and rapid-rate biofilter performance: A review.

Biodegradable organic matter (BOM), found in all surface waters, is a challenge for drinking water utilities because it can lead to distribution system bio-regrowth, react to form disinfection by-products, or be a specific compound of concern. A critical review of BOM (occurrence and oxidant effects) and rapid-rate biofiltration performance (preozonation, backwashing with an oxidant, empty bed contact time (EBCT) and temperature) was carried out. An extensive literature data analysis (n = 100) found total organic carbon (TOC) in nonozonated water is comprised of 20% (median) biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) and 3% (median) assimilable organic carbon (AOC). For ozonated waters (n = 103), these values increased to 30% (median) BDOC and 9% (median) AOC. For all operation conditions (n = 117), biofilters (12 min average EBCT) removed 12% (median) of the influent TOC with higher removals for ozonated waters, 15% (median), compared to nonozonated waters, 10% (median). As temperature increased from ≤10 °C to ≥20 °C, TOC removal increased from 10% to 17% (median). This review demonstrates biofiltration can be an efficient treatment technology to remove a portion of the BOM from the filter influent and should be optimized to achieve maximum removal.
Integrin Expression and Epithelial Cell Differentiation

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contribution of a type of cell adhesion receptors, the integrins, to the biology of epithelial cells. While our knowledge on this subject is far from satisfactory, the available evidence suggests that integrins play a critical role in determining many attributes of epithelial cells.
Determination of Variance of Secondary Metabolites in Lettuces Grown Under Different Light Sources by Flow Injection Mass Spectrometric (FIMS) Fingerprinting and ANOVA–PCA

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world and different management practice can result in considerable variability of the secondary metabolites. Flow injection mass spectrometry (FIMS) combined with analysis of variance–principle component analysis (ANOVA–PCA) was used to study differences in the secondary metabolites originating from different lighting conditions (Sunlight, white light, and florescent light) and lettuce varieties (Romaine and Lollo Rossa). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry was used for putative marker compound identification. Quinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, L-chicoric acid, and quercetin malonyl glucoside varied significantly for Romaine lettuce grown under different light conditions. The study showed that the combination of FIMS fingerprinting and ANOVA–PCA can be a useful tool for the characterization of the sources of variance in plant materials regarding to genetic, environmental, and management factors.
Visual Voltammogram at an Array of Closed Bipolar Electrodes in a Ladder Configuration

In this paper, we report a method for obtaining a visual voltammogram at a linear array of closed wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs). This advancement is significant, because the visual voltammogram captures the entire current–potential (i–E) relationship of a faradaic reaction in one image and is continuously generated over time. Therefore, we anticipate that this method will allow monitoring in redox systems that change over time. Further, the use of a linear array of BPEs eliminates the need to use a potentiostat and can be carried out with a simple DC power supply. Our experimental and numerical results demonstrate that the visual voltammogram is similar to a linear sweep voltammogram and therefore, information about the faradaic process can be extracted from the wave position, height, and shape.
Relationship of Retention to Parental Aspirations of Students with Learning Disabilities.

The present study was an investigation into retention effects on parental aspirations for students with learning disabilities. Results indicated that retention occurs twice as frequently for studen...
A spectral fatigue method incorporating non-proportional multiaxial loading

Abstract A frequency domain method incorporating multiaxial non-proportional loading conditions is presented in this paper. The non-proportionality is modelled by implementing a multiaxial cycle counting procedure of path dependent maximum range\moment of load path proposed recently by Mei and Dong (2016) in frequency domain through a formulation of an effective equivalent structural stress (EESS) transfer function. Additionally, the formulation through transfer functions and the treatment of phase differences between normal and shear stresses represents a unique approach to multiaxial fatigue analysis in frequency domain. The numerous test studies performed on a representative structural detail in marine structure showed rather promising results. Reasonable multiaxial fatigue damage estimations have been obtained through the developed method by comparing the fatigue damages computed with time domain methods.
A Practical Method for Creating Targeted Focal Ischemic Stroke in the Cortex of Nonhuman Primates

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability among adults worldwide. Despite its prevalence, few effective treatment options exist to alleviate sensory and motor dysfunctions that result from stroke. In the past, rodent models of stroke have been the primary experimental models used to develop stroke therapies. However, positive results in these studies have failed to replicate in human clinical trials, highlighting the importance of nonhuman primate (NHP) models as a preclinical step. Although there are a few NHP models of stroke, the extent of tissue damage is highly variable and dependent on surgical skill. In this study, we employed the photothrombotic stroke model in NHPs to generate controlled, reproducible ischemic lesions. Originally developed in rodents, the photothrombotic technique consists of intravenous injection of a photosensitive dye such as Rose Bengal followed by illumination of an area of interest to induce endothelial damage resulting in the formation of thrombi in the illuminated vasculature. We developed a quantitative model to predict the extent of tissue damage based on the light scattering profile of light in the cortex of NHPs. We then employed this technique in the sensorimotor cortex of two adult male Rhesus Macaques. In vivo optical coherence tomography imaging of the cortical microvasculature and subsequent histology confirmed the formation of focal cortical infarcts and demonstrated its reproducibility and ability to control the sizes and locations of light-induced ischemic lesions in the cortex of NHPs. This model has the potential to enhance our understanding of perilesional neural dynamics and can be used to develop reliable neurorehabilitative therapeutic strategies to treat stroke.
Resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) from Mississippi and North Carolina

Background Clethodim, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide, is one of the few postemergence chemical control options available to growers of Mississippi to manage glyphosate and/or other herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass populations. Recently, clethodim failed to adequately control Italian ryegrass populations across Mississippi. A sethoxydim, also an ACCase inhibitor, -resistant Italian ryegrass population from North Carolina was cross-resistant to clethodim. This research characterized the magnitude and mechanisms of clethodim resistance in the Mississippi and North Carolina Italian ryegrass populations via whole-plant herbicide dose response, cross resistance, and metabolism studies, and molecular analysis. Results Two clethodim-resistant biotypes from Mississippi, MS24 and MS37, were 10- and 4-fold resistant, respectively, relative to a susceptible (SUS1) biotype. A North Carolina biotype, NC21, was 40-fold resistant to clethodim compared to SUS1. Two additional biotypes from North Carolina, NC22 and NC 23, recorded shoot dry weight reduction of only 17-30% of nontreated at the highest clethodim dose of 2.17 kg ha-1 , (8×). The NC22 biotype was cross-resistant to sethoxydim, fluazifop, quizalofop, and pinoxaden. Metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan did not affect resistance of MS37, MS51, and NC22 biotypes to fenoxaprop, clethodim, or pinoxaden. The MS37 biotype had three target site mutations, I2041N, C2088R, and G2096A. Another clethodim-resistant biotype from Mississippi, MS51, had only the C2088R substitution. The NC22 and NC23 biotypes had I1781L, I2041N, and D2078G replacements. Conclusion This study shows that the mechanism of resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass from Mississippi and North Carolina is due to target site modifications in the ACCase gene leading to broad cross-resistance to other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Broadband characterization of stress induced anisotropy in nanocomposite Co74.6Fe2.7Mn2.7Nb4Si2B14

Abstract We report on the broadband characterization of Co74.6Fe2.7Mn2.7Nb4Si2B14 (at%) melt-spun, soft magnetic alloy ribbons after various secondary processing treatments. Ribbons were investigated in the as-cast (melt-spun) condition, after annealing under stress at 50–200 MPa, and after transverse magnetic field (TMF) annealing. The magnetization dynamics of these materials have been studied from 10 to 60 GHz using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The in-plane uniaxial anisotropy was determined from the FMR data and permeability extracted for each condition. The permeability determined from broadband FMR was in good agreement with independently determined values using vibrating sample magnetometry and impedance spectrometry of toroidal cores. The effective damping parameter ( α eff ) of all the samples was close to 0.015 except for the TMF sample, which showed higher damping, possibly due to two magnon scattering.
Linear stability of katabatic Prandtl slope flows with ambient wind forcing

We investigate the stability of katabatic slope flows over an infinitely wide and uniformly cooled planar surface subject to a downslope uniform ambient wind aloft. We adopt an extension of Prandtl’s original model for slope flows (Lykosov & Gutman, Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR Atmos. Ocean. Phys., vol. 8 (8), 1972, pp. 799–809) to derive the base flow, which constitutes an interesting basic state in stability analysis because it cannot be reduced to a single universal form independent of external parameters. We apply a linear modal analysis to this basic state to demonstrate that for a fixed Prandtl number and slope angle, two independent dimensionless parameters are sufficient to describe the flow stability. One of these parameters is the stratification perturbation number that we have introduced in Xiao & Senocak (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 865, 2019, R2). The second parameter, which we will henceforth designate the wind forcing number, is hitherto uncharted and can be interpreted as the ratio of the kinetic energy of the ambient wind aloft to the damping due to viscosity and the stabilising effect of the background stratification. For a fixed Prandtl number, stationary transverse and travelling longitudinal modes of instabilities can emerge, depending on the value of the slope angle and the aforementioned dimensionless numbers. The influence of ambient wind forcing on the base flow’s stability is complicated, as the ambient wind can be both stabilising as well as destabilising for a certain range of the parameters. Our results constitute a strong counterevidence against the current practice of relying solely on the gradient Richardson number to describe the dynamic stability of stratified atmospheric slope flows.
Estimating the total energy costs of a brief 1-minute bout of heavy bag punching

Introduction: We compared a one minute total energy cost estimate – aerobic and anaerobic, exercise and recovery - with published per minute exercise-only oxygen uptake measures for pugilistic exercise. Material and Methods: Ten male subjects completed testing: 25.6 ± 3.5 years; ht 180.5 ± 8.0 cm; wt 80.7 ± 8.4 kg. The punching exercise (using wrapped hands and 16 oz. gloves) included: 6 rapid punches to a hanging heavyweight bag followed by a brief pause for a total of 16 sets; in all 96 punches were completed within 61.5 ± 5.3 sec of exercise. The protocol was repeated twice and an average net cost of the 2 trials was reported. Results and Discussion: Aerobic exercise costs were 33.1 kJ ± 5.5 (7.9 ± 1.3 kcal), anaerobic energy costs were 37.1 ± 8.9 kJ (8.9 ± 2.1 kcal), excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) was 83.4 ± 15.8 kJ (19.9 ± 3.8 kcal) and total energy costs were 153.7 ± 20.1 kJ (36.7 ± 4.8 kcal). For brief intense pugilistic exercise, our total energy cost estimate was as much as 4.5-fold greater than previously published per minute exercise oxygen uptake rates. It is concluded that the steady state modeling of energy costs should not be judiciously applied to brief, intense, non-steady state, intermittent exercise.
PROFILE OF PATIENTS DISCHARGED AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE: IS THERE A COST?

There is a paucity of data on the patients [pts] with heart failure (HF) who leave against medical advice (AMA). We sought to identify pts and hospital characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized pts with HF who left AMA compared to pts discharged home. Data from Get With The Guidelines-HF from
Abstract 122: Use of Machine Learning to Accurately Predict Adverse Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Using Electronic Health Record Data

Introduction: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at high risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). However, no currently available risk scores accurately deli...
Single-Layer Obstacle-Aware Substrate Routing via Iterative Pin Reassignment and Wire Assignment

It is known that single-layer obstacle-aware substrate routing is necessary for modern IC/Package designs. In this article, given a set of two-pin nets and a set of rectangular obstacles inside a single-layer routing plane, a two-phase routing algorithm including an iterative routing phase and a rip-up-and-reroute phase can be proposed to maximize the number of the routed nets in single-layer obstacle-aware substrate routing. In the iterative routing phase, based on the pin and path distribution of the routing nets and the locations of the obstacles inside a single-layer routing plane, the start or target pins on some routing nets inside dense obstacle regions may be firstly reassigned to complete the partial wiring paths on the nets. Based on the region extraction of two intersected nets in single-layer routing, the private regions of some routing nets inside sparse obstacle regions can be extracted and the nets inside the extracted regions can be further routed by using maze routing. In the rip-up-and-reroute phase, the routability of the routing nets can be improved by ripping up some routed nets and rerouting the unrouted nets. Compared with Liu's modified algorithm and Yan's flow-based algorithm in single-layer obstacle-aware substrate routing, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can use less CPU time to increase 3.4% and 1.8% of the routability on the routing nets for eight tested examples on the average. Additionally, the percentage of the tested examples with the 100% routability of the routing nets on the eight tested examples has been improved from 25% to 62.5%.
Hysteresis loop critical exponents in 6-ε dimensions

The hysteresis loop in the zero-temperature random-field Ising model exhibits a critical point as the width of the disorder increases. Above six dimensions, the critical exponents of this transition, where the infinite avalanche'' first disappears, are described by mean-field theory. We expand the critical exponents about mean-field theory, in 6[minus][epsilon] dimensions, to first order in [epsilon]. Despite [epsilon]=3, the values obtained agree reasonably well with the numerical values in three dimensions.
Barrier Island Breakdown: The Ephemeral Outer Banks of North Carolina

This chapter describes sudden coastal change that took place in North Carolina, USA 1200 years ago during a period of warmth in the northern hemisphere known as the Medieval Climate Anomaly. It explains how we know that this event occurred, and it describes the geologic tools that we used to reconstruct the event. A large segment of the Outer Banks barrier islands was flattened, probably by one or more strong hurricanes. Oceanic waters entered estuarine Pamlico Sound, which metamorphosed into an open Pamlico Bay. The tidal range increased, tidal currents increased in strength, salinity increased, and fish migrated as they adapted to new conditions. Human inhabitants of the region would also have had no choice but to adapt. Over 500 years the barrier islands were reconstructed and pre-storm conditions returned by the time the first Europeans landed on this coast in 1585. A similar series of events could occur once more in coastal North Carolina during the current period of global warming. Economic effects would be disastrous.
Accurate Efficiency Measurements for Emerging PV: A Comparison of NREL's Steady-State Performance Calibration Protocol Between Conventional and Emerging PV Technologies

Emerging PV technologies (e.g. Perovskite, and Quantum Dot) are commonly known to possess challenges for accurate performance measurement under the existing IEC 60904 series of standards, which were developed for conventional Si solar cells. Potential performance artifacts depending on scan rates and directions and light bias exposure history are often seen in those emerging solar cells. To avoid these artifacts and provide an unbiased and reliable efficiency measurement, NREL's Cell and Module Performance (CMP) Group has developed a steady-state performance calibration protocol - the asymptotic PMAX method. In this paper, we applied this procedure to four PV cell technologies, Si, CIGS, perovskite, and Quantum Dot (QD), and compared their performance variations between the transient and the steady-state conditions. By comparison, we found that the performance parameters ( i.e. VOC, ISC, FF, η) measured between fast I-V scans (and the asymptotic method (steady-state) change significantly for perovskite and QD cells. These changes do not happen for Si and CIGS cells. Furthermore, the statistical performance analysis on nearly 100 emerging cells received globally (including OPV, Perovskite, and QD) shows that over 70 % of the fast I-V scans have a relative performance deviation larger than 1% compared to those determined using the asymptotic PMAX scan. Given the complex dynamic behavior observed in emerging PV devices, the CMP group at NREL thus only certifies their steady steady-state performance using the Asymptotic PMAX method. We highly recommend similar steady-state performance calibration protocol for all researchers in emerging PV because accuracy in reported efficiencies is critical to the long-term success of those promising new PV technologies.
The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning, edited by Carol A. Chapelle and Shannon Sauro

The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning Edited by Carol A. Chapelle and Shannon Sauro Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell US $195.00 ISBN 9781118914038 (Hardcover) 520 pages 2017
A Salter-Harris II Distal Radius Fracture Irreducible by Closed Methods.

Case A 10-year-old boy presented with a Salter-Harris II distal radius fracture that was irreducible by closed methods. An open reduction was performed in the operating room where a sleeve of periosteum was found interposed between the fracture fragments. Successful reduction was performed without difficulty after the periosteum was removed from the fracture. Conclusion Soft-tissue interposition must be kept in mind when having difficulty performing closed reductions of pediatric distal radius physeal fractures to avoid excessive reduction attempts.
Medical referral and license disposition for drivers in Iowa.

Abstract Introduction: Driver retirement and determination of fitness-to-drive are important aspects of reducing the risk of motor-vehicle collision for an older driver. A lack of information about the review process may lead to poor evaluation of drivers or an increased testing burden to referred drivers. Methods: This paper evaluates the license review process for the state of Iowa. We evaluated data from January 2014 to January 2018 and described the source of referral, testing process, and ultimate license disposition. Cox proportional hazards for competing risk were used to determine the risk of having a change in restrictions on the license and the risk of license denial. Results: 20,742 individuals were followed through the medical referral process. The most common source of referrals was licensing officials (39.7%). Drivers referred by licensing officials were less likely to be denied their license when compared to drivers from other sources (HR = 0.92 95%CI: 0.87–0.98); however, licensing official referrals were more likely to result in license restrictions compared to other sources (HR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.82–2.00). Drivers referred by either law enforcement or a physician were more likely to ultimately have their license denied. Conclusions: Physician and law enforcement referred the drivers most likely to have their license denied. A smaller proportion of drivers were referred by physicians and law enforcement compared to licensing officials. Practical Applications: Licensing agencies should work with physicians and law enforcement to identify drivers who may need a review of their license. Comprehensive tracking of all medical referrals for a driver’s license review is important for individual states to understand the burden of their driver referral process and for identifying referral sources with a high proportion of referrals with no licensing change for targeted outreach and education.
Does Aid Cause Trade? Evidence from an Asymmetric Gravity Model

Anderson and vanWincoop developed what has become the standard framework for framing and interpreting empirical work using the gravity model. Their framework relies heavily on an assumption of symmetry among countries. For issues related to North-South trade, this assumption is problematic. In this paper, we develop an asymmetric extension of the Anderson–vanWincoop framework appropriate to the analysis of North-South trade, where Northern countries produce differentiated goods and Southern countries homogenous ones. In addition, we use an appropriately extended version of Baier and Bergtrand and Taylor linear expansion – thus permitting its estimation using (good old) OLS. The result is an empirical model that (i) is better suited to the analysis of North-South trade, (ii) is easy to estimate and compute comparative statics, not requiring a customised NLS routine and, given the way the South is included, (iii) provides a simple explanation of zero trade flows between some country pairs, a fact still not fully explained in the literature. As an illustration of its use, we examine the empirical link between foreign aid and trade.
Pre-weaning pneumonia in cow-calf herds:

The risk factors associated with outbreaks of pneumonia in pre-weaned beef calves are not as well characterized as those associated with bovine respiratory disease in post-weaned calves. Therefore, the expertise of veterinarians is often called upon to investigate these outbreaks with the goal of identifying pertinent risk factors that may be avoided in subsequent years. Field investigations of pre-weaning beef calf pneumonia cases should begin with a review of the facts surrounding the operation, their animals, and their management. Veterinarians should attempt to describe the outbreak in terms of the animals, their locations, and timing. Among the most critical items to determine are a workable case definition that differentiates an affected calf from a non-affected calf, and dates of illness onset. When a good understanding of the various risk factors present in the outbreak is obtained, the calves and their environment should be examined to further add to the information set. Antemortem diagnostics should be considered only when there is a clear understanding of how the results will be used. In many cases, however, testing for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus persistently infected animals may be a worthy consideration. Significant risk factors for the herd's pre-weaning beef calf pneumonia problems may be determined simply from review of the information gained from the history and examination. Otherwise, simple calculations of incidence rates between calves in different risk factor categories, as well as risk ratios and construction of histograms, may be useful to help determine significant risk factors for the herd.
The Contextual Appointment Scheduling Problem.

This study is concerned with the determination of optimal appointment times for a sequence of jobs with uncertain duration. We investigate the data-driven Appointment Scheduling Problem (ASP) when one has $n$ observations of $p$ features (covariates) related to the jobs as well as historical data. We formulate ASP as an Integrated Estimation and Optimization problem using a task-based loss function. We justify the use of contexts by showing that not including the them yields to inconsistent decisions, which translates to sub-optimal appointments. We validate our approach through two numerical experiments.
African Americans: History and Experience as the “Other”

It is beyond the scope of this chapter to attempt a comprehensive rendition of African American history. Instead, this section provides an outline of key events and themes that dominate African American history in the U.S.
Immune-Mediated Neurological Disorders

Autoimmune disorders are increasingly recognized causes of several neurological disorders leading to significant clinical disability. This article reviews recent developments in our understanding on the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and diagnoses of selected immune-mediated neurological disorders. It also provides a brief summary of current theories on autoimmunity and the role that certain environmental factors play in the development of immune-mediated neurological disorders. Recently recognized biomarkers might play a pathogenetic role or simply serve as a diagnostic tool.
Centrosome replication in somatic cells: the significance of G1 phase.

Publisher Summary Proper cell division requires that the cell be able to form a bipolar spindle during mitosis. The centrosome must be replicated accurately during interphase. The mechanisms that allow centrosome doubling to be coordinated with other cell cycle progression processes are advancing at a rapid pace. This chapter discusses the cell cycle in somatic mammalian cells, cellular events of centrosome replication, and events in G 1 that trigger centrosome replication in somatic mammalian cells. The centrosome, which is composed of a pair of centrioles surrounded by an osmiophilic substance pericentriolar material (PCM), is the principal microtubule-organizing center in mammalian cells. The somatic cell cycle in multicellular organisms is the most complex of the cell cycles. The chapter focuses on processes that allow somatic cells to integrate centrosome replication with the various other cell-cycle progression events. The earliest recognizable events of centrosome replication occur during the G 1 phase in somatic mammalian cells, and these events are set in motion following the activation of the machinery that is responsible for regulating centrosome replication. During the G 1 phase, the spindle pole body (SPB), which serves as a functional homolog of the centrosome, undergoes a conservative replication process.
Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of Evolution Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the methods of investigation of the asymptotic behavior of solutions of evolution equations, endowed with a dissipative mechanism, based on the study of the structure of the ω-limit set of trajectories of the evolution operator generated by the equation. The dissipative mechanism usually manifests itself by the presence of a Liapunov functional, which is constant on ω -limit sets; the central idea of the approach presented in the chapter is to use this information in conjunction with properties of ω -limit sets such as invariance and minimality. The chapter discusses two examples of wave equations with weak damping for which the scheme set up by Hale applies. In particular, this requires that the Liapunov functional be continuous on phase space. The chapter explores the case of a hyperbolic conservation law that generates a semigroup on space. It also presents a survey of various applications and extensions of these ideas that may serve as a guide to those interested in learning more about the method.
Kinetic Separation of Oxygen and Argon Using Molecular Sieve Carbon

A pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) simulation study was performed for the separation of a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% Ar using a molecular sieve carbon (MSC) as the adsorbent. Two PSA cycles have been outlined to maximize the recovery of either argon or oxygen as a high purity product. The effect of cycle parameters such as cocurrent depressurization pressure, purge/feed ratio, pressure ratio and adsorption pressure on the separation of O2/Ar has been studied. It was found that it is feasible to obtain an argon product of purity in excess of 80% with reasonably high recovery using one of the cycles. The other cycle is capable of producing high purity oxygen (>99%) at high recovery (>50%) with reasonably high product throughputs. The PSA process can be conducted at room temperature and hence has an advantage over conventional processes like cryogenic distillation and cryogenic adsorption.
The enrichment of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia franciscana with taurine liposomes and their subsequent effects on the larval development of California yellowtail (Seriola lalandi)

Taurine is an essential or conditionally essential nutrient for many species of marine fish, especially during early development. There is growing evidence that marine fish larvae benefit from taurine-enriched rotifers; however, it is unknown if larvae benefit from taurine-enriched Artemia. We investigated the effects of taurine-enriched rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia franciscana on the growth and whole-body taurine concentrations of California yellowtail (Seriola lalandi; CYT) larvae. The approach used in this study was to encapsulate taurine within microparticles (liposomes), which were then fed to rotifers and Artemia. We found that feeding taurine liposomes to rotifers and Artemia resulted in taurine concentrations in these prey species that were similar to or above those previously reported in copepods. At the end of the rotifer phase, CYT larvae fed taurine-enriched rotifers showed increased growth (final dry weights; DW) and had higher whole body taurine concentrations when compared to larvae fed unenriched rotifers. At the end of the Artemia phase, CYT whole body taurine concentrations varied among dietary treatments. Larval lengths and DWs were not significantly different among treatments at the end of the Artemia phase, suggesting that the taurine concentrations of unenriched Artemia were sufficient to support the growth of CYT larvae.
RVLM and raphe differentially regulate sympathetic outflows to splanchnic and brown adipose tissue.

To determine whether neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) specifically control the sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT SNA), thereby regulating adipocyte metabolism and B...
Early diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta in children: a continuing dilemma.

UNLABELLED Because late repair of coarctation of the aorta (COA) is associated with premature cardiovascular disease in adult life, early detection and treatment is important. OBJECTIVES To determine the timing of referral to see whether early detection of COA has improved in the past decade, to evaluate the pattern of and reasons for medical center referral, and to assess the clinical signs relating to the diagnosis of COA. METHODS The records of 50 consecutive patients older than 1 year who had surgical repair of COA from 1980 to 1990 were reviewed. The age of referral, pattern of referral, and presence of standard clinical signs of COA were analyzed, and data were compared with those from the previous decade. RESULTS The mean and median ages at referral were 8.4 and 5.8 years, respectively. Pediatricians accounted for 64% of the referrals. A specific diagnosis of COA was made in 2 (4%) of 50 patients before referral to a pediatric cardiologist. The most consistent clinical findings were a cardiac murmur and a systolic blood pressure gradient between the arms and legs of greater than 10 mm Hg, which were both present in all patients. Lower-extremity pulses were decreased in 37 (74%) and absent in 9 (18%). Forty-seven children (94%) had upper-extremity hypertension (> 95th percentile for age); 25 (50%) had systolic blood pressure higher than 140 mm Hg. COA would have been missed in 82% of children if absent lower-extremity pulses were required as a diagnostic feature. These findings were similar to those reported by our institution in the previous decade, suggesting that early detection has not improved. CONCLUSIONS The timing of, reasons for, and sources of referral for COA in this study, compared with data from the previous decade, indicate no improvement in early detection of COA by pediatricians. Screening all children for COA by routinely measuring upper- and lower-extremity blood pressures during at least one physical examination after the newborn period is mandatory.
Physical Properties, Chemical Composition and Structure of Circulating Lipoproteins

Before discussing the structure of lipoproteins, a brief survey of the surface properties of their major constituents is in order. This will be followed by a discussion of the basic thermodynamic laws governing small spherical particles. The main discussion will be concerned with the gross structural features of lipoproteins, which can be predicted from the regularities observed in chemical composition as a function of particle size.
Psychiatric symptoms in metabolic and other genetic disorders: is our "organic" workup complete?

(2002). Psychiatric Symptoms in Metabolic and Other Genetic Disorders: Is Our 'Organic' Workup Complete? Harvard Review of Psychiatry: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 242-248.
French Theory and the Seduction of Feminism

In the quotation I just read you from Baudrillard, he is caught up in just such contradictory logic. On the one hand he says that “seduction is of the order of appearances,” on the other hand he asks “and what if everything, contrary to appearances, marched to seduction?” In promoting seduction, throughout the book, he frequently valorizes the realm of appearances. Yet here he asserts that there might be a hidden order “contrary to appearances,” and that seduction might be that hidden order. In fact, right after he writes “contrary to appearances,” he adds a parenthetical correction, cognizant of the contradiction. The actual sentence with its parenthetical insertion reads: “And what if everything, contrary to appearances-in fact according to the secret rule of appearances-if everything marched to seduction?”
Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Derivatives as a Fusion Tag for in vitro Experiments

In biochemistry and molecular biology, fusion protein technique allows us to isolate a protein of interest with easier purification methods or to identify the tagged protein even when any antibody of the target protein is yet developed. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives have been used as a fusion tag for many proteins in living cells and many in vivo experiments due to its convenience of noninvasive monitoring. Likewise, fluorescent proteins can be advantageous when they are being used as fusion tag for recombinant proteins in vitro. This paper introduces the approaches to take advantage of GFP variants as a fusion tag for in vitro experiments.
The ELDER Project: Educational Model and Three-Year Outcomes of a Community-Based Geriatric Education Initiative

The purpose of the ELDER (Expanded Learning and Dedication to Elders in the Region) Project was to address the needs of underserved older adults by providing worksite education to individuals who provide nursing care to older adults in community health centers, home health agencies, and long-term care facilities. Four agencies located in a Health Professional Shortage and Medically Underserved Area participated. Project staff conducted separate focus groups with administrators and staff at each agency to determine educational needs and preferences. Curricula from the Hartford Institute, End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium, and Geriatric Education Centers were adapted to design unique curricula for each agency and level of personnel (licensed nurse or unlicensed caregiver). Activities included focus group meetings to tailor content to the needs of each agency, on-site educational sessions, and identification of an agency champion to sustain the program after the funding ended. A case-based simulation-learning approach was used in the final year to validate application of knowledge and to facilitate teamwork and interprofessional communication. Over 100 nurses and nursing assistants and eight administrators and allied health professionals participated over the three-year period of the project. Retention over this period, independent evaluations, and simulations demonstrated participants' ability to integrate best practices into typical clinical scenarios and revealed improved communication among care providers. Tailored on-site education incorporating simulation was an effective model for translating gerontological knowledge into practice and improving the care of older adults in these multiple settings.