cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The application of preirradiation combustion and neutron activation analysis technique for the determination of iodine in food and environmental reference materials

The pre-irradiation combustion (PC) of samples to liberate iodine, followed by trapping the iodine on charcoal and quantifying the element by neutron activation analysis (NAA), has been used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the determination of iodine in biological materials. The applicability of this technique to numerous environmental and dietary matrices is illustrated by analysis of a range of certified reference materials (CRMs) and a powdered grass material that was prepared as an in-house reference material (RM). Because of the combustion step involved, samples with low or no fat content (e.g., cereal products, selected botanical specimens, and nonfat milk powder) and inorganic materials (e.g., coal fly ash and dried sediments) are more suited for analysis by this method. In general, the results for several types of samples obtained by this method agreed with those obtained by a second radiochemical (R) NAA, as well as by a third method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). PC-NAA is a useful technique for determining iodine in biological and environmental samples, especially for verification of iodine results obtained from other methods.
Evaluating Educational-Vocational Counseling: A Model for Change.

This study sought to assess students' reactions toward their vocational and educational counseling at a university counseling center. Students receiving educational-vocational counseling during the 1968-69 academic year served as subjects whose responses to a 29-item questionnaire were used to determine their reactions to counseling. The majority of clients who were counseled by advanced trainees or doctorate level staff viewed their counseling experience positively. A large percentage of the clients of beginning practicum students viewed their counseling negatively. The findings suggested weaknesses in vocational counseling facilities, in counselors' skills, and in training of beginning practicum students. Implications for change are suggested and the need for assessment in counseling agencies is emphasized.
A survey of spinal and epidural techniques in adult cardiac surgery.

Abstract Objective: To determine if a significant number of anesthesiologists are performing spinal and epidural techniques in adults undergoing cardiac surgery and if any neurologic injuries have been associated with these techniques. Design: Anonymous survey of clinical practice. Setting: Data collected via mail from members of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. Participants: Attending anesthesiologists. Interventions: Anesthesiologists completed an anonymous survey of their use of spinal and epidural techniques in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Measurements and Main Results: Of 3974 anesthesiologists, 974 (24%) responded to the questionnaire; 892 are at institutions that perform cardiac surgery. Of the 892 responders, 68 (7.6%) reported they use spinal techniques, whereas 62 (7%) reported they use epidural techniques. Nine (1%) anesthesiologists reported they use both techniques. There were no reports of neurologic complications related to the use of spinal or epidural techniques performed by the anesthesiologists responding to the survey. Conclusions: A significant number of anesthesiologists are performing spinal and epidural techniques in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Prospective, controlled trials should be performed to evaluate the benefits and risks of spinal and epidural techniques in this population. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Dynamical direct methods for everyone

Recent work has demonstrated that direct methods, using the minimum relative entropy approach, can be applied to strongly dynamical diffraction from bulk inorganic structures. In the present work, the possibility of using intensity data which is thickness averaged, as for a wedge-shaped specimen, is explored. It is shown that for structures which contain a large number of light atoms, well resolved in projection, use of direct methods with thickness averaged data, combined with limited phase information from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) can indicate the positions of the light atoms. The possibility of using direct methods from thickness-averaged data allows the use of data from conventional microscopes without fine probe capabilities, and is also of importance for use of direct methods with beam-sensitive samples.
Thermo-Responsive Devices Using Poly(vinyl methyl ether) Hydrogels

Aqueous solution of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) shows phase transition around 38°C. PVME hydrogel cross-linked by γ-ray irradiation is also a thermally responsive hydrogel and undergoes volume change at the same temperature; it swells below and shrinks above 38°C. PVME hydrogel prepared near phase transition temperature has heterogeneous and macroporous structure. The volume change of the macroporous hydrogel takes place rapidly with changing temperature. An attempt has been made to develop thermally activated chemomechamcal devices such as an artificial muscle model, an automatic separation system, an artificial finger model, and a photo-responsive device.
Spiritual Awakening in Alcoholics Anonymous: Empirical Findings

Spiritual awakening, a key aspect of 12-Step recovery, is designated in the 12th Step of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). The authors applied a psychiatric survey instrument to 161 long-term AA members who reported having had such an awakening. Sixty-seven percent of respondents reported no craving for alcohol or drugs at the time of this survey. Their awakening had most often taken place gradually (60%), while they were working the Steps (52%), and right after bottoming out (57%). Their responses reflected a major experiential transformation, including highly significant changes: decreases in craving and depression and increases in service to other AA members. A factor analysis of descriptors of the awakening revealed the following six dimensions of the experience, with variability across respondents: positive mood, abstinence, interpersonally related, a sensory experience, God-related, and related to personal meaning. Findings showed that it is feasible to characterize commonalities in the nature of a spiritu...
The World as Exhibition

The Egyptian delegation to the Eighth International Congress of Orientalists, held in Stockholm during the summer of 1889, traveled to Sweden via Paris and paused there to visit the World Exhibition. The four Egyptians spent several days in the French capital, climbing twice the height (they were told) of the Great Pyramid in Alexandre Eiffel's new tower, and exploring the city and exhibition laid out beneath. Only one thing disturbed them. The Egyptian exhibit had been built by the French to represent a street of medieval Cairo, made of houses with overhanging upper stories and a mosque like that of Qaitbay. "It was intended," one of the Egyptians wrote, 'to resemble the old aspect of Cairo." So carefully was this done, he noted, that "even the paint on the buildings was made dirty."' The Egyptian exhibit had also been made carefully chaotic. In contrast to the orderliness of the rest of the exhibition, the imitation street was arranged in the haphazard manner of the bazaar. The way was crowded with shops and stalls, where Frenchmen, dressed as Orientals, sold perfumes, pastries, and tarboushes. To complete the effect of the Orient, the French organizers had imported from Cairo fifty Egyptian donkeys, together with their drivers and the requisite number of grooms, farriers, and saddlemakers. The donkeys gave rides for the price of one franc up and down the street, resulting in a clamor and confusion so lifelike, the director of the exhibition was obliged to issue an order restricting the donkeys to a certain number at each hour of the
Reduction of interpolants for logic synthesis

Craig Interpolation is a state-of-the-art technique for logic synthesis and verification, based on Boolean Satisfiability (SAT). Leveraging the efficacy of SAT algorithms, Craig Interpolation produces solutions quickly to challenging problems such as synthesizing functional dependencies and performing bounded model-checking. Unfortunately, the quality of the solutions is often poor. When interpolants are used to synthesize functional dependencies, the resulting structure of the functions may be unnecessarily complex. In most applications to date, interpolants have been generated directly from the proofs of unsatisfiability that are provided by SAT solvers. In this work, we propose efficient methods based on incremental SAT solving for modifying resolution proofs in order to obtain more compact interpolants. This, in turn, reduces the cost of the logic that is generated for functional dependencies.
An LDA technique for in situ simultaneous velocity and size measurement of large spherical particles in a two-phase suspension flow

Abstract A relatively simple optical scheme using the reference-mode laser Doppler anemometry for the in situ measurement of flow properties of a dilute particle-fluid two-phase suspension having a predominant flow direction is hereby proposed. It is an extension of the established technique of optical gating for particle sizing which is fully integrated into the established technique of laser Doppler anemometry for velocity measurement. Particles that can be measured by this scheme are limited to those with sizes greater than the smaller dimension of the optical measuring volume. Inherent in the methodology is a procedure for providing information on the local particle number density and velocity distributions for each size range of the particles and the local velocity distribution of the continuous phase. The accompanying electronics and interfaces are also established for data processing and analysis in a mini computer. Validation of the scheme has been accomplished by controlled experiments using stainless steel balls and water droplets of 1 mm and greater in diameter.
Infectious Diseases that Pose Specific Challenges After Natural Disasters: A Review

In a time span of less than one year, December 2004 to October 2005, several natural disasters of extreme proportions struck different areas of the world, causing unparalleled destruction and loss of lives and property. In each of these instances, the potential existed for acquisition of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, mold, and mildew and demonstrated that such disasters represent a public health concern, which is exacerbated by the fact that many factors may work synergistically to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by communicable diseases. This article reviews causes, symptoms, and treatments of various infectious diseases that pose a threat in the event of a natural disaster.
Implicit Social Policy in Agriculture

The current agricultural policy instrument of direct payments to farmers is also very much a form of social policy. This applies particularly for agricultural systems based on small family farms. Taking Switzerland as an example, the main weaknesses of the present system are outlined. A quantitative analysis reveals massive income differences among Swiss farmers, with the richest receiving more direct payments than the poorest. Potential improvements to the agricultural policy system are suggested by explicitly redefining direct payments as a social policy instrument.
Habitat Selection by the Rock Gunnel, Pholis gunnellus L. (Pholidae)

Pholis gunnellus (Rock Gunnel) is an amphibious fish found along North Atlantic coastlines. Remaining above the waterline at low tide and breathing air, it is ecologically unusual and is a food source for a variety of seabirds, mammals, and fish. We investigated intertidal and subtidal habitat selection by the Rock Gunnel along the US East Coast. To quantify characteristics of intertidal microhabitats and their usage by the Rock Gunnel, we conducted intertidal quadrat surveys in midcoast Maine and New Brunswick. Using datasets from trawl surveys conducted by state (Massachusetts and Connecticut) and federal fishery management agencies, we investigated how subtidal habitat characteristics influenced the occurrence of Rock Gunnel in trawl yields. Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis showed that Rock Gunnels preferred microhabitats in the lower intertidal zone, with sand/pebble/gravel substrata and overlying cobbles, tidepools, and dense algal cover. The occurrence of Rock Gunnel in trawl yields did not depend upon temperature, salinity, or latitude, but decreased with depth and increased moving eastward. In the intertidal zone, the Rock Gunnel appears to select habitat that minimizes the risks of predation and desiccation at low tide, while allowing access to abundant intertidal prey resources at high tide. The Rock Gunnel's broad physiological tolerances suggest that its selection of habitat in the subtidal zone is driven primarily by the availability of sheltering structure and biotic factors, rather than by temperature or salinity.
Metallic Foams: Structure, Properties, and Applications

Recently, a number of novel processes have been developed for making metallic foams. Their combination of properties make them attractive in a variety of engineering applications. Their low weight and ability to be formed into complex shapes make them attractive for use in structural sandwich panels. Their capacity to undergo large deformations at almost constant load can be exploited in energy-absorption devices. And the high thermal conductivity combined with the connected porosity in open-cell metallic foams makes them attractive for heat sinks. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the uniaxial behavior of metallic foams and relate their properties to micromechanical models.
ON THE WEAKLY NONLINEAR KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY OF TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITIES IN MHD

We derive a quadratically nonlinear equation that describes the motion of a tangential discontinuity in incompressible magnetohydrodynamics near the onset of a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We show that nonlinear effects enhance the instability and give a criterion for it to occur in terms of a longitudinal strain of the fluid motion along the discontinuity.
Continuous maximal flows and Wulff shapes: Application to MRFs

Convex and continuous energy formulations for low level vision problems enable efficient search procedures for the corresponding globally optimal solutions. In this work we extend the well-established continuous, isotropic capacity-based maximal flow framework to the anisotropic setting. By using powerful results from convex analysis, a very simple and efficient minimization procedure is derived. Further, we show that many important properties carry over to the new anisotropic framework, e.g. globally optimal binary results can be achieved simply by thresholding the continuous solution. In addition, we unify the anisotropic continuous maximal flow approach with a recently proposed convex and continuous formulation for Markov random fields, thereby allowing more general smoothness priors to be incorporated. Dense stereo results are included to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach.
Developmental expression and distinctive tyrosine phosphorylation of the Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinase Cek9.

Cek9 is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the Eph subfamily for which only a partial cDNA sequence was known (Sajjadi, F.G., and E.B. Pasquale. 1993. Oncogene. 8:1807-1813). We have obtained the entire cDNA sequence and identified a variant form of Cek9 that lacks a signal peptide. We subsequently examined the spatio-temporal expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of Cek9 in the chicken embryo by using specific antibodies. At embryonic day 2, Cek9 immunoreactivity is concentrated in the eye, the brain, the posterior region of the neural tube, and the most recently formed somites. Later in development, Cek9 expression is widespread but particularly prominent in neural tissues. In the developing visual system, Cek9 is highly concentrated in areas containing retinal ganglion cell axons, suggesting a role in regulating their outgrowth to the optic tectum. Unlike other Eph-related receptors, Cek9 is substantially phosphorylated on tyrosine in many tissues at various developmental stages. Since autophosphorylation of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases typically correlates with increased enzymatic activity, this suggests that Cek9 plays an active role in embryonic signal transduction pathways.
INVARIANCE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONFIGURATIONS

A method of testing for significant relationships between multidimensional configurations is presented. The ‘index of invariance” is defined as the correlation between the inter-point distances from one configuration and the corresponding inter-point distances from a second configuration. Empirical distributions of the index are developed for varying numbers of points and dimensions. Fitting the Gram-Charlier family of curves to these data, additional distributions of the index are estimated based on two parameters, namely, the number of points and the number of dimensions. Tables of significance are presented for the index in terms of the two parameters. Applications based on ordinal multidimensional scaling and other multivariate techniques are discussed.
Pi4SOA: A Policy Infrastructure for Verification and Control of Service Collaboration

This paper proposes a pattern-based service collaboration architecture using services as building blocks in a service-oriented architecture (SOA). In this architecture, service registry is used to obtain the metadata of services and collaboration patterns. Thus, not only services, but also collaboration patterns can be reused. However, dynamic collaboration requires a measure to verify and validate such a dynamic process at the meta-control level. This paper presents a policy-based infrastructure to dynamically verify and control the collaboration process in SOA
State laser regulations: Arizona's approach and experience

established laser regulations. Examples are Texas, Florida, Arizona, Mass.many more are considering establishing such rules, such as N.J., Ii.,Neb. On the federal level, the Food and Drug AdministratiOn has been themost active entity. OSHA has just recently established laser safetyguidelines for its inspection staff.In March of 1990 the State of Arizonaenacted rules for the control of Nonionizing radiation. This fell underArticle 14 of Tittle 12 of the Arizona Administrative Code, which is underthe authority of the Arizona Radiation regulatory Agency.The rules cover a wide range of nonionizing sources, but the major emphasisis in the area of laser devices. While all class lasers fall under Article14, only Class IlIb and Class IV laser use facilities are required to beregistered and inspected by the agency. The rules apply to al Class IIIband Class IV laser users, meaning medical, industrial, entertainment andalso research facilities.The basic requirements of the rules are the following:A - Each facility must have a Laser Safety Officer, the duties arespelled out in the rules.B - Each facility must perform laser safety audits at intervals notto exceed six months.C - Each facility using eyewear must perform on eyewear evaluationat least every six months.
Alcohol Dependence, Other Psychiatric Disorders, and Health‐Related Quality of Life: A Replication Study in a Large Random Sample of Enrollees in the Veterans Health Administration

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between alcohol dependence and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with and without other selected psychiatric disorders. A sample of 127,308 Veterans Health Administration enrollees completed a survey that included questions about alcohol use and the Veterans SF-36, a well-validated measure of HRQoL. In addition, a Veterans Administration database was used to obtain respondents' past-year history of alcohol dependence and other psychiatric disorders. Comorbid psychiatric disorders significantly moderated or attenuated the relationship between alcohol dependence and HRQoL. Respondents with a history of alcohol dependence plus one or more other psychiatric disorders had significantly lower HRQoL in domains pertaining to psychological and social functioning than respondents with alcohol dependence only. Effect size differences (mean differences of clinical groups/pooled standard deviation) were large (greater than 0.80 of one standard deviation). Respondents with a history of alcohol dependence only vs. no history of alcohol dependence had poorer HRQoL. Effect size differences were small to moderate (between 0.20 and 0.50 of one standard deviation). Findings highlight the important moderating influence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in the relationship between alcohol dependence and HRQoL. As comorbid psychiatric disorders are often associated with poorer treatment outcome, findings also provide strong corroboration for the importance of treating other psychiatric disorders concurrently with alcohol dependence.
Wavefront amplitude distortion and image sidelobe levels. I. Theory and computer simulations

The quality of an imaging system is degraded by propagation anomalies that distort wavefronts propagating through the medium. Adaptive phase-deaberration algorithms compensate for phase errors in the wavefront. The algorithms suffer, however, when the wavefront is also significantly distorted. A theory which shows that the rise of image background level, which is the average sidelobe floor (ASF), in a single point-like source image is proportional to the amplitude distortion of the wavefront and inversely proportional to the effective number of array elements is derived. From the theory, the tolerance to the amplitude distortion, after the phasefront has been corrected by a deaberration algorithm, can be calculated based on the design requirement of the sidelobe floor for a given array. Computer simulations show good agreement with the theory. >
Simultaneous Separation of Diazepam and Its Chiral and Achiral Metabolites by HPLC on a Chiralcel OD-R Column

Abstract A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous separation of diazepam and its achiral (nordiazepam) and chiral (oxazepam and temazepam) metabolites. Chromatographic resolution of the analytes was performed under isocratic conditions using a mobile phase of 0.3 M sodium perchlorate-acetonitrile (57:43, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min on a reversed-phase cellulose-based chiral stationary phase (Chiralcel OD-R column) with UV detection set at 210 nm. Disc solid-phase extraction was carried out for serum sample clean-up prior to HPLC separation. Recoveries were determined for diazepam, nordiazepam, and oxazepam and temazepam enantiomers from human serum at 300 ng/ml levels. The limits of detection were 25 ng/ml each for diazepam and nordiazepam, and about 25 ng/ml for each enantiomer of oxazepam and temazepam (S/N = 2). The method can be applicable to the in vivo analysis of human serum samples containing diazepam and its chiral and achiral metabolites.
The generalized Weierstrass system and an application to the study of deformations of surfaces by means of integrable hierarchies

Generalized Weierstrass representations can be used to investigate deformations of surfaces under the action of integrable hierarchies. It will be shown that the generalized Weierstrass representation of Konopelchenko leads to a linear system in a single independent space variable in the case of surfaces of revolution. This result is combined with a second linear problem with an unknown second matrix in terms of a parameter. It is then shown how an integrable hierarchy can be obtained. Solutions to this hierarchy generate deformations which preserve the surface-inducing means of generalized Weierstrass representation.
Severe Cardiomyopathy Simulating Hepatitis in Adolescence

Two adolescent patients referred for evaluation of severe "hepatitis" were found to have clinically unsuspected cardiac failure. Clinical profiles were characterized by anorexia, malaise, right upper quadrant pain, mild jaundice, initially predominantly indirect hyperbilirubinemia, profound elevations of transaminases, and prolonged prothrombin time. Left ventricular failure and low cardiac output were documented by clinical examination, echocardiography, and measurements of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac index. Acute and chronic intrinsic liver disease was ruled out by appropriate tests. At autopsy, pathologic lesions of centrilobular necrosis characteristic of hepatic hypoxia were noted, and there was evidence of marked myocardial degeneration. These two cases emphasize the need for careful cardiac examination when evaluating acute hepatitis.
Potential and problems of developing transdermal patches for veterinary applications

A new frontier in the administration of therapeutic drugs to veterinary species is transdermal drug delivery. The primary challenge in developing these systems is rooted in the wide differences in skin structure and function seen in species ranging from cats to cows. The efficacy of a transdermal system is primarily dependent upon the barrier properties of the targeted species skin, as well as the ratio of the area of the transdermal patch to the species total body mass needed to achieve effective systemic drug concentrations. A drug must have sufficient lipid solubility to traverse the epidermal barrier to be considered for delivery for this route. A number of insecticides have been developed in liquid "pour-on" formulations that illustrate the efficacy of this route of administration for veterinary species. The human transdermal fentanyl patch has been successfully used in cats and dogs for post-operative analgesia. The future development of transdermal drug delivery systems for veterinary species will be drug and species specific. With efficient experimental designs and available transdermal patch technology, there are no obvious hurdles to the development of effective systems in many veterinary species.
How clean is the future of SOAP

If developers are not wise with its application, SOAP may lose the ability to tunnel through firewalls---an ability that represents one of its primary advantages.
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium adjunct on User interface software and technology

Welcome to UIST 2011, the Twenty-Fourth Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. UIST is the premier forum for the presentation of research innovations in the software and technology of human-computer interfaces. Sponsored by ACM's special interest groups on computer-human interaction (SIGCHI) and computer graphics (SIGGRAPH), UIST brings together researchers and practitioners from many areas, including web and graphical interfaces, new input and output devices, information visualization, interactive displays, tangible computing, and computer supported cooperative work. The single-track schedule, intimate size, and location in Santa Barbara, "the American Riviera", make UIST 2011 an ideal place to exchange results and to forge future collaborations. We received 262 paper submissions from more than 20 countries. After a thorough review process, the program committee accepted 67 papers (25%). Each anonymous submission was reviewed by a primary program committee member and two external reviewers. If any of the three reviewers deemed a submission to pass a rejection threshold we asked a secondary committee member to write a fourth review of the paper. Authors then received all the reviews and if their paper passed the rejection threshold they had the opportunity to write a short rebuttal. The program committee met in person in San Francisco on June 17-18, 2011, to examine each submission and select the top papers. Submissions were finally accepted only after the authors provided a final revision addressing the committee's comments. In addition to the presentations of accepted papers, this year's program includes keynotes by Ge Wang (Stanford professor and co-founder of Smule) on computers and music and by Dan Jurafsky (another Stanford professor and MacArthur Fellow) on computational linguistics. Posters, demos, the eighth annual Doctoral Symposium, and third annual Student Innovation Content (this year focusing on Microsoft's new TouchMouse) complete the program.
Impulsivity and gambling: A complex clinical association across three measures.

Background and Objectives Gambling disorder (GD) is often characterized as an impulsive condition, but results to date have varied substantially by the measure used to assess impulsivity and the modality of the assessment. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the clinical associations between three measures of impulsivity (Eysenck impulsiveness questionnaire [EIQ], Barratt impulsiveness scale [BIS], and stop-signal task [SST]) and GD symptom severity. Methods One hundred and fifty-four participants with a current GD diagnosis were assessed on at least one of the three measures of impulsivity and additional clinical measures of gambling severity. Groups within each domain of the measures were divided using a mean split to compare high and low impulsivity (HI and LI) across clinical and demographic variables. Results Of the included domains, the motor impulsivity domain of the BIS showed multiple clinical differences between the HI and LI groups. The attentional impulsivity domain of the BIS showed limited clinical associations. Surprisingly, HI and LI groups from the SST and EIQ domains did not show any differences in symptom severity. Discussion and Conclusions These findings emphasize the complex nature of impulsivity, particularly as it relates to GD. With disparate results between different measures, it will be important to clarify the specific features assessed by each measure, and their optimal use clinically. Scientific Significance This analysis suggests that the motor impulsivity feature of the BIS shows the strongest clinical utility for predicting gambling severity. It also emphasizes the importance of sub-typing impulsivity, rather than considering it a single neurocognitive feature. (Am J Addict 2016;25:138–144)
Determining expert research areas with multi-instance learning of hierarchical multi-label classification model

Automatically identifying the research areas of academic/ industry researchers is an important task for building expertise organizations or search systems. In general, this task can be viewed as text classification that generates a set of research areas given the expertise of a researcher like documents of publications. However, this task is challenging because the evidence of a research area may only exist in a few documents instead of all documents. Moreover, the research areas are often organized in a hierarchy, which limits the effectiveness of existing text categorization methods. This paper proposes a novel approach, Multi-instance Learning of Hierarchical Multi-label Classification Model (MIHML) for the task, which effectively identifies multiple research areas in a hierarchy from individual documents within the profile of a researcher. An Expectation-Maximization (EM) optimization algorithm is designed to learn the model parameters. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of proposed research with a real world application.
Research note: The historiographical challenges of exploring Second World–Third World alliances in the international women’s movement:

Throughout the United Nations (UN) Decade for Women, world governments met three times in Mexico City (1975), Copenhagen (1980), and Nairobi (1985) to discuss the status of the world’s women and pr...
Electrospun composite polycaprolactone scaffolds for optimized tissue regeneration

There is evidence to suggest that the development of a stable microvasculature at the site of a critical-sized bone defect or fracture aids in repairing or regenerating bone. Identifying a tissue engineering scaffold that optimizes bone tissue and blood vessel development could improve regenerative capabilities. In this paper we study the proliferation and directed differentiation potentials of endothelial colony forming cells and mesenchymal stem cells cultured on electrospun polycaprolactone matrices and compare them with data obtained for composite polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate and polycaprolactone–small intestine submucosa electrospun matrices. Polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate fibers on average displayed a two-fold increase in fiber diameter and average pore-size area as compared with polycaprolactone or polycaprolactone–small intestine submucosa scaffolds. X-ray diffraction showed that ...
Hydrogen Storage Properties of 3Mg(NH2)2–2Li3AlH6

Recent efforts have been made to develop high-capacity complex hydride composites by combining alanates and amides. The hydrogen storage mechanisms in those composites are not unambiguously clarifi...
Epistemic and non‐Epistemic Theories of Remembering

Contemporary memory sciences describe processes that are dynamic and constructive. This has led some philosophers to weaken the relationship between memory and epistemology; though remembering can give rise to epistemic success, it is not itself an epistemic success state. I argue that non-epistemic (causal) theories will not do; they provide neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for remembering that p. I also argue that the shortcomings of the causal theory are epistemic in nature. Consequently, a theory of remembering must account for both its fundamentally epistemic nature and for its constructive and dynamic processes.
James Dyson (1948) Shrinkage of Sperry and Grinnell Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana. Geographical Review 38(1): 95–103

A warming climate is melting the namesake glaciers of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. James Dyson’s 1948 paper was one of the earliest publications to emphasize climate change impacts to the cryosphere through an examination of Sperry and Grinnell Glaciers. This paper, combined with his subsequent works, acts as a pillar for current glacier monitoring efforts.
GaAs multibit delta-sigma A/D converters based upon a new comparator design

In this paper, the design of multibit delta-sigma converters based upon a new comparator bank structure is described. The comparator bank approach eliminates the need for comparator threshold terminals, allowing each of the individual latched comparators to operate upon the same differential input signal. This new comparator design was incorporated into a complete four-bit delta-sigma modulator which was fabricated on a 0.6 /spl mu/m GaAs MESFET process.
An Unusual Etiology of Hypokalemia in a Patient With an Eating Disorder

Patients with eating disorders are at risk for electrolyte imbalances that can lead to life-threatening complications. Timely recognition and evaluation of electrolyte abnormalities, including hypokalemia, are essential. In this case report, we describe an uncommon etiology of hypokalemia in a patient with disordered eating.
Seventeen years of Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia in a single Southeast Asian paediatric centre.

Aim Biliary atresia (BA) has preponderance in Asian populations with Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) regarded as the first-line standard of care. Yet reports from Southeast Asia remain scant. This study reviews the demographics, short- and medium-term outcomes for our cohort, and evaluates prognostic factors for outcome. Methods All patients diagnosed with BA between January 1997 and December 2013 were included. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Jaundice clearance was defined as total bilirubin < 20 µmol/L within 6 months after KP. Two-year and 5-year native liver survival (NLS) were determined. Prognostic factors examined included gender, ethnicity, associated anomalies, age at KP, post-KP cholangitis and clearance of jaundice within 6 months. Results Of 58 patients studied, 31(53.4%) were male. Median age at time of KP was 53 days (range: 28–127). Ethnic distribution showed 32 (55.2%) Chinese, 16 (27.6%) Malays and 10 (17.2%) others. Twenty-one (36.2%) patients achieved jaundice clearance by 6 months. Two-year NLS rate was 36 out of 50 (72%), while 5-year NLS rate was 16 out of 35 (45.7%). Only clearance of jaundice within 6 months had a significant association with NLS (P = 0.006). All other factors showed no significant impact on outcome. Conclusions Our short- and medium-term outcomes after KP for BA are comparable with those reported by most international centres. However, prognostic factors such as age at KP, cholangitis episodes and associated anomalies did not show significant correlation; only clearance of jaundice within 6 months was significantly predictive of NLS.
Protection Against Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Retention of Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect after Allogeneic BMT in Mice Conditioned with TLI and Anti-Thymocyte Serum.

In a completely MHC-mismatched model of bone marrow transplantation [C57BL/6 (H-2 b ) donors into BALB/c (H-2 d ) hosts], we have developed a technique of non-myeloablative host conditioning using fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and and anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) that prevents lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We have previously reported that this GVHD prevention is dependent on the secretion of IL-4 and on host regulatory NKT cells. In the current study, we assessed the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect of BMT to determine whether the GVT effect remains intact in this non-myeloablative conditioning model. Male BALB/c mice were given fractionated TLI (17 doses of 240 cGy each), 3 doses of ATS, and subsequently received intravenous infusion of 50 x 10 6 bone marrow and 60x 10 6 splenocytes from C57BL/6 donors, with and without the BCL 1 B-cell lymphoma. Animals were observed for minimum of 100 days, and underwent autopsy at death to assess for sub-clinical evidence of GVHD or tumor infiltration. TLI/ATS-conditioned mice achieved a high percentage of donor chimerism, in the range of 50–100% in all lineages. TLI/ATS-conditioned hosts uniformly survived without signs of GVHD beyond day +100. By contrast, hosts conditioned with a single dose of 800cGy total body irradiation (TBI) died of acute GVHD (severe diarrhea, hunched back, weight loss) by day +21. When TBI/ATS or TBI-treated mice receive bone marrow, splenocytes, and BCL 1 lymphoma, all hosts died with signs of acute GVHD by day +28. TLI/ATS-conditioned hosts receiving marrow, splenocytes and tumor cells showed no evidence of disease progression by day +100 and either cleared tumor idiotype completely or had persistence of low-intensity staining for tumor idiotype (tumor dormancy). TLI/ATS-conditioned hosts given BCL 1 tumor cells without allogeneic BMT all succumbed to tumor. TLI/ATS hosts receiving bone marrow plus BCL 1 without splenocytes all died by day +108 with high circulating BCL 1 tumor burden and no clinical evidence of GVHD. The data indicate that peripheral donor T cells are necessary to maintain a robust graft-versus-tumor effect after TLI/ATS conditioning, and that complete donor chimerism is not a requirement for tumor eradication. In conclusion, using the TLI/ATS non-myeloablative conditioning regimen, it is possible to maintain a clinically significant graft-versus-tumor effect without inducing GVHD despite a high dose of infused donor peripheral T cells.
Unoriginalism's Law Without Meaning

Review essay of: Original meanings: politics and ideas in the making of the Constitution. By Jack N. Rakove. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1996. Pp. 439.
Comparison of arthroscopic and open treatment of septic arthritis of the wrist. Surgical technique.

BACKGROUND: Open irrigation and debridement is the standard of treatment for septic arthritis of the wrist. Although isolated cases of arthroscopic irrigation and debridement have been reported, a comparison of arthroscopic and open techniques has not been performed, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods of management. METHODS: A retrospective comparison of patients with septic arthritis of the wrist initially treated, over an eleven-year period, with open or arthroscopic irrigation and debridement was undertaken at a single institution. The clinical presentation, laboratory and microbiological findings, hospital course, complications, and outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2007, thirty-six patients with septic arthritis involving a total of forty wrists were identified. Nineteen wrists (seventeen patients) were initially treated with open irrigation and debridement, and twenty-one wrists (nineteen patients) were initially treated arthroscopically. Eleven wrists in the open-treatment cohort required repeat irrigation and debridement, and eight wrists in the arthroscopy cohort required a repeat procedure. If a repeat irrigation and debridement was required, it was performed in an open fashion in all but two cases. When the comparison included all of the patients in the series, no difference between the two cohorts was found with regard to the number of irrigation and debridement procedures required or the length of the hospital stay. However, when the comparison was limited to the patients with isolated septic arthritis of the wrist, it was found that only one of seven wrists in the open-treatment cohort but all eight wrists in the arthroscopy cohort had been successfully managed with a single irrigation and debridement procedure (p = 0.001). No patient in whom isolated septic arthritis of the wrist had been treated with arthroscopic irrigation and debridement required a second operation. The patients in whom isolated septic arthritis of the wrist was treated with the open method stayed in the hospital for an average of sixteen days compared with a six-day stay for those in whom isolated septic arthritis of the wrist was treated with the arthroscopic method (p = 0.04). The ninety-day perioperative mortality rate in the series was substantial (18% [three patients] in the open-treatment cohort and 21% [four patients] in the arthroscopy cohort). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement is an effective treatment for patients with isolated septic arthritis of the wrist; these patients had fewer operations and a shorter hospital stay than did patients who had received open treatment. However, these benefits were not seen in patients with multiple sites of infection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: “Comparison of Arthroscopic and Open Treatment of Septic Arthritis of the Wrist” (2009;91:1387-93).
Correlating Preclinical Ambulatory Care Specialty Exposure with First-Year Medical Student Performance on an Objective Structured Clinical Examination

Preclinical Ambulatory Care exposure offers medical students early opportunities to improve clinical performance; however, it is unknown whether exposure to generalist care rather than specific specialties results in variable performances on standardized patient examinations (SPEs). We intend to compare mean objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores for students by ambulatory specialty exposure. One hundred ninety-seven first-year medical students were exposed to one of ten outpatient specialties before taking a two-station OSCE. Performance was assessed in the domains of communication, elicitation of patient concerns, and history-taking. OSCE scores were measured and compared by specialty and on the basis of generalist versus specialist preceptors. By specialty, student performances in all domains did not significantly differ. Students with generalist preceptors outperformed peers with specialist preceptors in eliciting concerns from patients in their first case (1.00 vs. 0.98; p = 0.03), but results did not significantly differ in the second case or in the total score for that domain. No other scores significantly differed. Our results allow for the recruitment of preceptors from a variety of outpatient specialties to provide preclinical students with a longitudinal ambulatory care experience without concern for significant differences in clinical development or performance communicating, attaining clinical histories, or eliciting patient concerns on an OSCE.
Predicting risk of cardiac events among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with conservatively managed non-infarct-related artery coronary artery disease: An analysis of the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Disease.

Background Recent randomized evidence has demonstrated benefit with complete revascularization during the index hospitalization for multivessel coronary artery disease ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients; however, this benefit likely depends on the risk of future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods Using data from Duke University Medical Center (2003-2012), we identified those at high risk for 1-year MACE among 664 STEMI patients with conservatively managed non–infarct-related artery (non-IRA) lesions. Using multivariable logistic regression, we identified clinical and angiographic characteristics associated with MACE (death, myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization) to 1 year and developed an integer-based risk prediction model for clinical use. Results In this cohort (median age 60 years, 30% female), the unadjusted Kaplan-Meier rates for MACE at 30 days and 1 year were 10% and 28%, respectively. Characteristics associated with MACE at 1 year included reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, hypertension, heart failure, higher-risk non-IRA vessels (left main), renal insufficiency, and greater % stenosis of non-IRA lesions. A 15-point risk score including these variables had modest discrimination ( C -index 0.67) across a spectrum of subsequent risk (4%-88%) for 1-year MACE. Conclusions There is a wide spectrum of risk following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI patients with multivessel disease. Using readily available clinical characteristics, the expected incidence of MACE by 1 year can be calculated with a simplified risk score, facilitating a tailored approach to clinical care.
Resonant two- or three-photon ionization of noble-gas atoms captured by time-resolved photoelectron momentum spectroscopy

We present an all-electron, ab initio calculation of time-resolved photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) induced by resonant two-color, two- or three-photon ionization of helium and neon atoms, as recently measured by Villeneuve et al. [Science 356, 1150 (2017)] using a femtosecond infrared (IR) laser pulse and an attosecond pulse train (APT) produced with high harmonic generation as an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photon source. In contrast to a monochromatic XUV pulse commonly used at the free-electron laser facilities, an APT is broadband and ultrashort ($l1$ fs), so that it could induce nonresonant one-photon transitions above ionization threshold as well as a resonantly excited state. They may interfere with each other upon subsequent absorption or emission of an IR photon, so that the resultant PMD loses clear orbital symmetry. Our time-dependent density functional calculation demonstrates that the selection of a particular excited state in the time-resolved PMD is nevertheless possible if energy and timing of an APT are adjusted properly.