cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase I study of two different schedules of bortezomib (BORT) and pemetrexed (PEM) in advanced solid tumors

17051 Background: BORT(PS-341) is a small molecule proteasome inhibitor while PEM, a multi-targeted antifolate, inhibits multiple enzymes involved in purine/pyrimidine formation. Both are approved ...
Polypeptides of the mouse mammary tumor virus. II. Identification of two major glycoproteins with the viral structure.

Abstract In order to localize the major structural polypeptides of the murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV), three subviral fractions were prepared, examined by electron microscopy, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Treatment of intact virus with 0.05 N HCl at 4° for 20 min resulted in the removal of the characteristic surface projections of the virus. Viral membrane fragments with attached projections (rosettes), consisting of stalks and knobs, were prepared by treating MuMTV with Tween-80 and ether. The buoyant density (in sucrose gradients) of the particles after removal of the projections was 1.181 g/cm 3 , as compared with 1.171 g/cm 3 for the intact virus. PAGE analysis of the viral material released by the action of acid (for 20 min at 4°) revealed that it contained mainly two glycoproteins of 55,000 (gp55) and 68,000 (gp68) molecular weight (MW), gp55 being the major species. The polypeptide composition of the projectionless particles was found to be complex; the major component was a glycoprotein of 34,000 molecular weight (gp34). Although intact virus contained only one glycoprotein (gp55) in the 50,000–60,000-MW range, the projectionless particles were found to contain two minor components within the same MW range, only one of which was a glycoprotein. The nonglycopeptide component with an apparent MW of 51,000 (p51) appears to be a normal minor protein constituent of MuMTV. The viral rosettes were found to contain gp34, gp55, gp68, and an additional glycoprotein of MW 90,000 (gp90). A comparison of the morphology and polypeptide composition of the intact virus and subviral components suggests that the knobs of the viral projections are composed of gp55. The gp34 component is associated with the viral membrane and may be situated within the membrane bilayer from which the projections protrude.
Autonomic nervous system and adipose tissue

The sections in this article are: 1 Autonomic Control of the Mobilization of Fat 1.1 Adaptation to Extrauterine Life 1.2 Adaptation to Upright Posture 1.3 Fasting 1.4 Exercise 1.5 Psychological Stress 1.6 Exposure to Cold 1.7 Effects of Drugs 2 Hormonal Factors Modifying the Response to Autonomic Stimulation 2.1 Adrenal Cortex 2.2 Thyroid 2.3 Pancreatic Beta Cells 3 Effects of Mobilization of FFA by the Sympathetic Nervous System 3.1 Oxidative Metabolism 3.2 Hepatic Lipids and Plasma Lipoproteins 3.3 Lipids in Other Tissues
Interconnecting Information Systems Narrative Research: An End-to-End Approach for Process-Oriented Field Studies

This study presents an end-to-end narrative research approach that is particularly useful for describing, undertaking, and understanding process-oriented field research. The approach is informed by scholars in the fields of cognitive psychology, organization theory, and information systems. We situate the end-to-end approach within an emerging body of IS narrative research and argue that its adoption by qualitative researchers can provide multiple insights about computer-mediated change initiatives. By exploiting a narrative research strategy at all stages of the empirical work, researchers are better equipped to see the interconnectivity of stories and to follow the change process as it unfolds. The narrative of emergence and the narrative of repair are introduced as two useful concepts for the collection, handling, and analysis of empirical data.
What are the Relevant Features for Assessing Economic Competition in Developing Countries

Competition policymakers have long assumed the existence of a basic "core" competition policy agenda to be enforced regardless of the country’s state of development. If the aftermath of the policy turns out to be a failure, the instrumentation of the policy usually takes the blame; its core substratum seldom does. This paper challenges this assumption, and explores whether core principles enforced through competition policy in developing countries actually have connection with what policy users (i.e. businesses and consumers) perceive to be their day-to-day competitive activities in the market. Empirical evidence suggests that the conventional competition policy agenda and the perception of policy users is not aligned. Businesses and consumers associate competition dynamics with activities dealing with a "playing level field" and "transparent regulatory environment". This emphasis is due to their need of stabilizing their market expectations under conditions of uncertainty; competition in this framework is mainly a trial-and-error activity in search of new information. Anti-monopoly enforcement, on the other hand, seems to be associated with predictable, postulated industrial concentration models.This paper identifies the intellectual source of this "dissonance" in the twist of competition theory introduced by Joan Robinson in the 1930s. This "wrong turning" (as later Robinson herself would acknowledge) drove competition theory into focusing on structural market outcomes, thereby abandoning its previous assessment of the institutions that make it possible in the first place.The later part of this paper focuses on the institutional aspects of competition that appear to predominate in the case of developing countries.
An Agent-Based Design for Problem Solving Environments

In this paper we examine alternative means to exploit the advantages of code mobility, object-oriented design, and agent technology for high performance distributed computing. We describe an infrastructure for Problem Solving Environments based upon software agents.
Peptide analogs to a fibronectin receptor inhibit attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to fibronectin-containing substrates.

Binding of cells of Staphylococcus aureus to fibronectin has been proposed as a mechanism of bacterial adhesion to host tissues. In this study, we have attempted to define the role of a recently identified fibronectin receptor in the adhesion of staphylococcal cells to fibronectin-containing substrates by using different receptor analogs as potential inhibitors of bacterial adherence. The results showed that synthetic peptides D1, D2, and D3, corresponding to variations of a repeated unit in the fibronectin-binding domain of the receptor, and ZZ-FR, a chimeric protein containing the fibronectin-binding domain of the receptor with the D1, D2, and D3 sequences, inhibited the attachment of staphylococcal cells to microtiter wells coated with intact fibronectin or with the 29-kilodalton amino-terminal fragment of fibronectin. The chimeric protein ZZ-FR also partially inhibited the adherence of staphylococci to human plasma clots formed in vitro but had no effect on bacterial adhesion to clots formed from fibronectin-depleted plasma. These data confirm previous reports suggesting that fibronectin may serve as a substrate for adhesion of staphylococcal cells and indicate that bacterial adhesion is mediated by the identified fibronectin receptor. Furthermore, analogs to the fibronectin receptor can be used to inhibit the adhesion of bacterial cells to these model substrates, and these analogs may be of clinical use. Images
The Krasnoselskii-Rabinowitz Bifurcation Theorem

In the previous chapter, we used spectral theory to make a computation of Leray-Schauder degree, thus combining two of the main topics of Part II. In this chapter, which presents the main result of the book, we’ll also be using the separation theorem from point-set topology that we proved in Chapter 11. However, we first need to introduce a hypothesis that permits us to apply the theory of compact linear operators in a more general, nonlinear, setting.
Using the Balance Sheet Approach in Surveillance: Framework and Data Sources and Availability

Recent improvements in statistical methodologies and data availability are facilitating detailed, high-frequency, timely macroeconomic balance sheet analysis. This paper provides practical instruction on how to design the framework to analyze vulnerabilities in a country as well as an overview of data sources that can be employed for this analysis. The paper also discusses how these new datasets are enhancing surveillance activities related to balance sheet vulnerabilities.
Impacts of winter hay feeding on pasture soils and plants

Abstract In temperate regions, feeding livestock year round on pasture is usually limited by weather conditions and livestock must be fed hay, or other stored feeds, at least part of the year when pasture forage runs out. On many farms, hay must be fed during winter and hay feeding is typically confined to pastures that are sacrificed for this purpose. The concentrated use of pasture during winter hay feeding could negatively impact subsequent forage production from soil compaction and possibly create water quality degradation from manure runoff. In 2008, we initiated a field experiment to address how winter hay feeding on pasture might have affected forage and soil variables in VA, USA. Variables were compared between 12 paired pastures each with and without hay feeding sites. Forage accumulation, forage mass, nutritive value and plant species composition along with soil penetration resistance, soil respiration and soil nutrient concentrations were monitored for 2 years. The presence of winter hay feeding sites in pastures had neutral to positive effects on forage productivity and forage nutritive value. Hay feeding pastures were not weedier than control pastures as we predicted, and they did contain more white clover through the grazing season (P
Suffer the little children

As I set about planning this address, I reviewed many of the recent addresses given by our esteemed past presidents. They are generally in one of three categories: historic, scientific, or philosophic. They have nearly always been of a personal nature, to a greater or lesser degree, revealing something of the inner character of the speaker. Dr. Russell Malinak's address last year was especially stirring and memorable. I recall one of our members asking me immediately after the talk whether I felt that I could top it this year. Of course, I won't be able to, and I won't even try. But I hope at the end I will have given you some food for thought, and perhaps you'll also know a little more about me. My talk is more of the philosophic type, and I think it will reveal a little of how I think and what has become very important to me over the years. The title of this address is "Suffer the Little Children.... " What do I mean by that? I think that most of you are aware that this is from the New Testament, the Gospel according to Mark, chapter 10, verse 14. "Suffer the little children to come unto me and forbid them not, for such is the Kingdom of God." After preaching all day, Jesus is tired and is resting and the little children in the area have come for his words and his blessing, and his disciples are trying to keep them from him so that he may rest. In this case, Jesus uses the term suffer to mean permit. He indicates that the children have a priority higher than any need that he may have for rest. Indeed, he indicates their helplessness and innocence in the words "for such is the Kingdom of God." I have used the word suffer in a double context in this address, because the children in our world and in our country do suffer. And, of course, they are innocent. By now you are certainly aware that we have a
On-line control of active camera networks for computer vision tasks

Large networks of cameras have been increasingly employed to capture dynamic events for tasks such as surveillance and training. When using active cameras to capture events distributed throughout a large area, human control becomes impractical and unreliable. This has led to the development of automated approaches for on-line camera control. We introduce a new automated camera control approach that consists of a stochastic performance metric and a constrained optimization method. The metric quantifies the uncertainty in the state of multiple points on each target. It uses state-space methods with stochastic models of the target dynamics and camera measurements. It can account for static and dynamic occlusions, accommodate requirements specific to the algorithm used to process the images, and incorporate other factors that can affect its results. The optimization explores the space of camera configurations over time under constraints associated with the cameras, the predicted target trajectories, and the image processing algorithm. The approach can be applied to conventional surveillance tasks (e.g., tracking or face recognition), as well as tasks employing more complex computer vision methods (e.g., markerless motion capture or 3D reconstruction).
CD40-CD40L interactions promote neuronal death in a model of neurodegeneration due to mild impairment of oxidative metabolism.

Abstract Abnormalities in oxidative processes, region-selective neuron loss, inflammation and diminished activity of thiamine-dependent enzymes characterize age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Thiamine deficiency (TD) models the selective neurodegeneration that accompanies mild impairment of oxidative metabolism. As in human neurodegenerative diseases, alterations in multiple cell types accompany the TD-induced neurodegeneration. The current studies demonstrate that CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L), two co-stimulatory immune molecules, are involved in TD-induced selective neuronal death. TD induced CD40 immunoreactivity in microglia and CD40L immunoreactivity in astrocytes. Both CD40-positive microglia and CD40L-positive astrocytes increased during the progressive TD-induced neuronal death. In early stages of TD, targeted deletion of CD40 diminished the number of CD40L-positive astrocytes and reduced neuronal death by 35%. The number of CD40L-positive astrocytes increased whenever the number of NeuN-positive neurons decreased. In early stages of TD, deletion of CD40L diminished CD40-positive microglia and reduced the neuronal death by 64%. In advanced phases of TD, neither CD40 nor CD40L deletion protected against neuronal death. The data show for the first time that TD induces expression of CD40 by the microglia and CD40L by astrocytes. The results indicate that CD40–CD40L interactions promote neuronal death in early stages of TD, but that at later phases the protective effects of the diminished CD40 or CD40L are over-ridden by other mechanisms.
A New Water-Soluble Phosphine Derived from 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA),† 3,7-Diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane. Structural, Bonding, and Solubility Properties

The phosphine 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, which we will condense to DAPTA, and its oxide have been fully characterized both in solution and in the solid state. These compounds were prepared by acylation of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) and its oxide with acetic anhydride. The nonionic compounds were found to be soluble in most common organic solvents, in addition to possessing extremely large molar solubilities in water. Indeed, the molar solubility of DAPTA was shown to be 7.4 M, which is 4 time more soluble than the commonly utilized water-soluble phosphine, triply meta-sulfonated triphenylphosphine (TPPTS). In the case of DAPTA this enhanced water solubility is attributed to a strong interaction of water with the amide nitrogen−CO bond dipole as revealed by a large red shift of the νCO vibration on going from a weakly interacting solvent such as CH2Cl2 to water. This latter observation is supported by the short average amide nitrogen−carbonyl carbon bond distance o...
Understanding process and the quest for deeper questions in software engineering research

This paper provides a brief summary of some overall currents and directions in my research with a particular emphasis on my work in the area of process. Using this perspective as a basis, the paper suggests the importance of using the challenge of grappling with hard technical problems as a basis for searching for deeper questions. The search for deep and enduring problems at the core of our discipline is rewarding for individual researchers and could provide substance, direction, purpose, and credibility for the community.
Yersinia pestis: an instant species?

Y. pestis is considered a different species from Y. pseudotuberculosis because of the differences in the modes of transmission (fleas and contaminated food, respectively) and pathogenesis. These ecological differences have not only created genetic isolation, but also different selective pressures. If a strain of Y. pseudotuberculosis can be found that is from the same clone as the one that gave rise to Y. pestis, comparative genomics could give an indication of the divergent selective pressures on these two species. I predict that, although one or two genes will have been introduced into Y. pestis by lateral transfer, most of the differences will be in shared genes, with many of these changes inactivating genes in Y. pestis.
The correlation of chemical structure and electrical conductivity in polypyrrole films by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to track chemical structure changes in conducting polypyrrole films which were electrochemically grown at various current densities. The film structures were correlated to changes in the film electrical conductivities. High resolution spectra of the C 1s, N 1s and O 1s regions were recorded. Concentrations of the charge compensating counter-ions used in the growth of the film were also monitored and correlated to electrical performance. Results indicated that the films grown at low current densities contained hydroxide anions and deprotonated nitrogen species, while films grown at high current densities contained no hydroxide ions or deprotonated nitrogens and exhibited higher charge removal from the pyrrole ring. At medium current densities, the amount of incorporated dopant anion was maximized.
Understanding the challenges faced during the management of data mining models

While the IT industry is moving forward with service-based solutions, they have left behind critical processes and soft IT assets unmanaged, especially at the intersection of business processes with Business Intelligence (BI). In this paper, we describe the challenges faced by model developers (or statisticians) and business analysts while managing data mining model assets of an organization that supports business processes in making real-time decisions and forecasts.
Inference and Insight

Moreover, we are not only disposed to draw such inferences, we feel entitled to them a priori: simply on the basis of the premises, and without any further information, we take ourselves to be justified in believing the conclusion. In what does our justification for making such inferences consist? Notice: I am asking here about our justification for inferring according to the rule MPP, not about our belief, which we might also have, that MPP is valid, necessarily truth-preserving in all its applications. I take the question concerning the practice to be more fundamental than the corresponding question about the belief; later, I shall return to the question concerning the belief.
Generalization of the Harary–Palmer power group theorem to all irreducible representations of object and color groups- color combinatorial group theory

The Harary–Palmer classic power group enumeration theorem applies to a group G acting on a set D of objects such as vertices, edges, faces and simultaneously with a group H acting on another set R of colors such that the power group \(\hbox {H}^\mathrm{G}\) acts on the set \(\hbox {R}^\mathrm{D}\) of all functions from D to R. In this paper we show for the first time that the power group enumeration can be generalized to all irreducible representations of the object group G of D and also all irreducible representations of the color group H of R. We have also provided interpretation of various power group generating functions for different irreducible representations in the context of color symmetry group theory. Special cases of the power group enumeration with all irreducible representations of G keeping the color group representation fixed to the totally symmetric representation are shown to have important enumerative combinatorial applications in a number of problems of chemistry, physics and biology that involve color symmetry (color inversions) such as magnetism, neutron imaging, NMR, ESR spectroscopy, catalytic functions of non-rigid disordered proteins, and quantum chromodynamics of strong interactions of fundamental particles.
Production of Riboflavin and Vitamin B12 by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13639 and Enterobacter aerogenes in Corn Meal

The % RNV values and available lysine of corn meal were decreased (P 0.05) among the yields of riboflavin by B. megaterium in fermented corn meal at different pH and temperatures. Vitamin B12 and riboflavin increased most rapidly during the first day of fermentation and continued to increase until the 5th day.
Peroxynitrite-induced nitration of tyrosine hydroxylase: identification of tyrosines 423, 428, and 432 as sites of modification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and tyrosine-scanning mutagenesis

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine, is inactivated by peroxynitrite. The sites of peroxynitrite-induced tyrosine nitration in TH have been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry and tyrosine-scanning mutagenesis. V8 proteolytic fragments of nitrated TH were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A peptide of 3135.4 daltons, corresponding to residues V410-E436 of TH, showed peroxynitrite-induced mass shifts of +45, +90, and +135 daltons, reflecting nitration of one, two, or three tyrosines, respectively. These modifications were not evident in untreated TH. The tyrosine residues (positions 423, 428, and 432) within this peptide were mutated to phenylalanine to confirm the site(s) of nitration and assess the effects of mutation on TH activity. Single mutants expressed wild-type levels of TH catalytic activity and were inactivated by peroxynitrite while showing reduced (30–60%) levels of nitration. The double mutants Y423F,Y428F, Y423F,Y432F, and Y428F,Y432F showed trace amounts of tyrosine nitration (7–30% of control) after exposure to peroxynitrite, and the triple mutant Y423F,Y428F,Y432F was not a substrate for nitration, yet peroxynitrite significantly reduced the activity of each. When all tyrosine mutants were probed with PEO-maleimide activated biotin, a thiol-reactive reagent that specifically labels reduced cysteine residues in proteins, it was evident that peroxynitrite resulted in cysteine oxidation. These studies identify residues Tyr423, Tyr428, and Tyr432 as the sites of peroxynitrite-induced nitration in TH. No single tyrosine residue appears to be critical for TH catalytic function, and tyrosine nitration is neither necessary nor sufficient for peroxynitrite-induced inactivation. The loss of TH catalytic activity caused by peroxynitrite is associated instead with oxidation of cysteine residues.
Washington's public ownership district power law

The story of a hot campaign resulting in victory for the District Power Bill making possible rural public ownership of light and power systems. Probable significance of the new law.
Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antibody-based ELISA and its application to human breast carcinoma detection

An anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high efficacy in human breast carcinoma detection is described. Immunoreactive T epitopes occur in approximately 90% of all carcinomata; all humans have anti-T antibodies, naturally occurring anti-carcinoma antibodies, induced by their own intestinal flora. Carcinoma patients, but not control subjects, show alterations of serum anti-T hemagglutinin levels. Human anti-T antibodies are predominantly IgM. In the protocol presented here, anti-T IgM antibodies are quantitated by ELISA using Immulon 2 wells coated with human blood group O erythrocyte-derived T antigen as solid phase; in addition, total IgM in each serum is quantitated by ELISA in parallel with the anti-T IgM. Inter-assay coefficient of variation was 2% for both ELISAs. Although anti-T IgM values alone distinguish between carcinoma patients and control subjects, use of the quotient, QMe, which also considers total IgM, increases this distinction. For a given serum, QMe was obtained by the formula: QMe = (100 x (anti-T IgM)2/total IgM). Sera of 242 subjects, 117 breast carcinoma patients, 36 benign breast disease patients and 89 healthy persons were analyzed. QMe identified 88% of the breast carcinoma patients: it all six (100%) in situ, 11/13 (85%) Stage I, 48/58 (83%) Stage II and III and 38/40 (95%) Stage IV patients. Sera from 83% of the 36 benign breast disease patients were negative, i.e. within normal range; five of the six positive sera originated from patients with increased long-term risk of breast carcinoma, while sera from 11 other patients with increased carcinoma risk were negative. Overall, 90% of the 125 non-carcinoma control subjects were negative by both anti-T IgM and QMe. In preliminary studies, the ELISA protocol detected 11/14 (79%) patients with carcinomata other than those of the breast. The identification of all six in situ breast carcinoma patients by QMe points to its usefulness in carcinoma detection, especially early.
Expression of c-Fos in arcuate nucleus induced by electroacupuncture: Relations to neurons containing opioids and glutamate

Abstract Electroacupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan–Jianshi acupoints (P5–P6, overlying the median nerve) attenuates sympathoexcitatory reflexes probably through the opioid system. The arcuate nucleus (ARC) within hypothalamus is an important brain area that produces opioid peptides. Physiological studies have demonstrated that the predominant response to EA is excitation in the ARC and that excitatory projections from the ARC to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray during EA at P5–P6 contribute to inhibition of sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflexes. These data imply that ARC neurons activated by EA also may contain excitatory neurotransmitters. Thus, the present study evaluated activation of the ARC induced by EA at P5–P6, in relation to the opioid system and glutamate, by detecting c-Fos, an immediate early gene, opioid peptides and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3). To enhance detection of perikarya containing the opioid peptides, colchicine (90–100 μg/kg) was administered in cats 28–30 h before EA or the sham-operated control. EA was performed at P5–P6 for 30 min. Compared to controls (n = 5), c-Fos-positive cells and neurons double-labeled with c-Fos and β-endorphin, enkephalin or VGLUT3 in the ARC were significantly increased in EA-treated cats (n = 6; all P
Factor VIII Detection by Hemagglutination Inhibition: Hemophilia A and von Willebrand's Disease

Factor VIII activity was detected immunologically in both the serums and plasmas of 14 normal individuals and 14 patients with hemophilia A. A hemagglutination-inhibition test with rabbit antibody to highly purified (10,000-fold) factor VIII from humans was used. Serums and plasmas from eight patients with von Willebrand's disease showed little or no factor VIII activity in this test, an indication that the test may serve as a specific assay for differentiation between von Willebrand's disease and hemophilia A.
Substitution of inosine for chloride in [Pt2(hdta)Cl2]2−(hdta4− = 1,6-hexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate)

The substitution reaction of inosine (ino) with the displacement of Cl− from [Pt2 11(hdta)Cl2]2−, (hdta4 = 1,6-hexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate) has been studied in D2O at 35.0°C. Each Pt11 center has initially the coordination comparable to mer-[Pt(mida)Cl]−, (ida2 = N-methyliminodiacetate), as shown by the 195Pt NMR signal at - 1330 ppm for mer, mer-[Pt2(hdta)Cl2]2− and −1317 ppm for mer-[Pt(mida)Cl]. By operating under conditions wherein the ratio of [inosine]:available Pt11 binding sites = 0.25, (excess Pt11), the first ligand addition of inosine was followed by monitoring with time the changes in the 500 MHz NMR spectrum of [Pt2(hdta)Cl2]2−. The H-8 proton resonance of inosine (site of Pt11-coordination) appears at 8.82 ppm for the coordinated [Pt2(hdta)(ino)Cl]− complex, replacing the 8.32 ppm H-8 resonance of free inosine. A substitution rate of 3.48 × 10−4s−1, controlled by the loss of Cl− was determi comparison, the guanosine bases of DNA displace Cl from cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] about 3.4 times more slowly. Time-dependent spectra of the tether CH2 protons of the hdta4 backbone also exhibit characteristics downfield shifts as Cl− is displaced by ino, with the second CH2 outward from the Pt11N bond experiencing the largest influence (Δδ=−0.21 ppm). The 13C NMR spectrum of the product mixture of [Pt2(hdta)-(ino)Cl] [Pt2(hdta)Cl2]2 showed 27% of the ino-substituted complex (25% theoretical). Also no free carboxylate resonances appear near 175 ppm, but rather only the new resonance at 188.6 ppm for the inosine complex and the 188.4 ppm resonance of the [Pt2(hdta)Cl2]2 excess reagent are detected. This identifies the first inosine addition step as occurring only with Cl− displacement. A second addition step further displaces a coordinated glycinate group at a slower rate.
Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood – By John Renard

Since the seventh‐century rise of Islam, literate Muslims have recorded accounts of “Friends of God,” a term signifying men and women whose acts and beliefs set a standard for devotion among the la...
Pfiesteria toxin and learning performance.

Abstract Pfiesteria piscicida is an estuarine dinoflagellate involved with fish kills along the east coast of the United States. We previously documented a radial-arm maze learning deficit in rats exposed to Pfiesteria that may be related to cognitive deficits seen in humans after accidental Pfiesteria exposure. The current study elucidated important behavioral parameters of this deficit. There were six dose groups. Forty (10/group) adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were injected (SC) with a single dose of Pfiesteria taken from aquarium-cultured Pfiesteria (35,600, 106,800, or 320,400 Pfiesteria cells/kg of rat body weight or a cell-free filtrate of the 106,800 cells/kg dose). One control group ( N = 10) was injected with saline and one ( N = 10) with aquarium water not containing Pfiesteria. Half of the rats in each group were tested on an 8-arm radial maze in a standard test room, and the other half were tested on the radial maze in a sound-attenuating chamber. In the standard maze room, there was a significant effect of Pfiesteria ( p Pfiesteria when the rats were tested on the same configuration radial maze in the sound-attenuating chamber. After 18 sessions of training in one room, the rats were switched for six sessions of testing in the other room and finally were switched back to their original room for three sessions. There was a significant Pfiesteria -induced deficit when the rats were tested in the standard test room but not when they were tested in the sound-attenuating chamber. When the Pfiesteria -exposed rats were initially switched from the sound-attenuating chamber to the standard test room they performed significantly worse than controls, whereas Pfiesteria -treated rats switched from the standard test room to the sound-attenuating chamber did not perform differently from controls. These results suggest that the Pfiesteria -induced learning impairment may result from the negative impact of distracting stimuli. At the time of the learning impairment, no overt Pfiesteria -related effects were seen using a functional observational battery and no overall response latency effects were seen, indicating that the Pfiesteria -induced choice accuracy deficit was not due to generalized debilitation. In the initial use of the figure-8 maze in this line of research, the rats in the same Pfiesteria treatment groups that showed significant deficits in the radial-arm maze showed greater declines in activity rates in a 1-h figure-8 locomotor activity test. Both the 106,800 and 320,400 Pfiesteria cells/kg groups showed significantly greater linear trends of activity decline relative to tank water-treated controls. This reflected an initial slight hyperactivity in the Pfiesteria -treated animals followed by a decrease to control levels. Pfiesteria effects in the figure-8 maze and in early radial-arm maze training may be useful in a rapid screen for identifying the critical toxin(s) of Pfiesteria in future studies. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
The Majorana project: 76Ge 0ν ββ-decay neutrino mass measurement

Abstract Interest in, and the relevance of, next-generation 0ν ββ-decay experiments is increasing. Even with nonzero neutrino mass strongly suggested by SNO, Super Kamiokande, and similar experiments sensitive to δm2, 0ν ββ-decay experiments are still the only way to establish the Dirac or Majorana nature of neutrinos by measuring effective electron neutrino mass, 〈mν〉. Various theorists have recently argued in favor of a neutrino mass between 0.01 and 1 eV. The Majorana Project aims to probe this effective neutrino mass range, reaching a sensitivity of 0.02–0.07 eV. The experiment relies entirely on proven technology and has been devised based upon the materials, technology, and data analysis demonstrated to produce the lowest background per kilogram of fiducial germanium. The project plan includes 500 kg of germanium detector material enriched to 85% in 76Ge, specialized pulse-acquisition electronics and detector segmentation for background rejection, and underground electroformed copper support hardware.
Use of damaged DNA and dNTP substrates by the error-prone DNA polymerase X from African swine fever virus

The structural specificity that translesion DNA polymerases often show for a particular class of lesions suggests that the predominant criterion of selection during their evolution has been the capacity for lesion tolerance and that the error-proneness they display when copying undamaged templates may simply be a byproduct of this adaptation. Regardless of selection criteria/evolutionary history, at present both of these properties coexist in these enzymes, and both properties confer a fitness advantage. The repair polymerase, Pol X, encoded by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most error-prone polymerases known, leading us to previously hypothesize that it may work in tandem with the exceptionally error-tolerant ASFV DNA ligase to effect viral mutagenesis. Here, for the first time, we test whether the error-proneness of Pol X is coupled with a capacity for lesion tolerance by examining its ability to utilize the types of damaged DNA and dNTP substrates that are expected to be relevant to ASFV. We (i) test Pol X's ability to both incorporate opposite to and extend from ubiquitous oxidative purine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine), oxidative pyrimidine (5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine), and noncoding (AP site) lesions, in addition to 5,6-dihydrothymine, (ii) determine the catalytic efficiency and dNTP specificity of Pol X when catalyzing incorporation opposite to, and when extending from, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine in a template/primer context, and (iii) quantitate Pol X-catalyzed incorporation of the damaged nucleotide 8-oxo-dGTP opposite to undamaged templates in the context of both template/primer and a single-nucleotide gap. Our findings are discussed in light of ASFV biology and the mutagenic DNA repair hypothesis described above.
Characterization and localization of profilin in pollen grains and tubes of Lilium longiflorum

Pollen tubes show a rapid and dramatically polarized growth in which the actin cytoskeleton appears to play a central role. In order to understand the regulation of actin we characterized its associated protein, profilin, in pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum. By using purified polyclonal antibodies prepared against bean root profilin [Vidali et al., 1995: Plant Physiol. 108:115–123] we detected in pollen grains and tubes two profilin polypeptides with molecular masses of 14.4 and 13.4 KDa, and an identical isoelectric point of 5.05. Profilin comprises ∼0.47% of the total grain protein, with actin being ∼1.4%. We were unable to detect a statistically significant profilin increase after germination, while the actin increased ∼68%. We also spatially localized the distribution of profilin using immunocytochemistry of fixed cells at both the light and electron microscope level, and by fluorescent analog cytochemistry on live cells. The results show that profilin is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and does not specifically associate with any cellular structure. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 36:323–338, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Grand Guignol and littérature putride in contemporary Korean horror cinema: Park Chan-wook's cinematic translation of Zola's Thérèse Raquin

ABSTRACTThere seems to be near-universal agreement that South Korean director Park Chan-wook's films are highly disturbing. For one, Park uses violence and extreme abjection in his films to critique contemporary Korean society and human behaviour more broadly. More interestingly, the critical voices surrounding Park as a film-maker in the contemporary ‘transnational’ cinematic landscape are strikingly similar to those that surrounded French Naturalist author Emile Zola. I explore the variety of ways in which Park's 2009 film Thirst plays with the horror genre as it adapts and builds upon Emile Zola's 1867 novel Therese Raquin (TR). I also suggest that the literary environment surrounding Zola's creation of TR has much in common with the current cinematic environment in Korea. I argue finally that Zola and Park, as purveyors of art, share similar ‘instinctual tendencies’, and I analyse select scenes in Thirst to demonstrate how Park uses Zola's TR to create an entirely new cinematic hybrid form.
Temperature, pressure and film thickness measurements for an offset half bearing

Abstract A fluid film journal bearing test rig with a shaft, 70 mm in diameter, was developed and an offset half journal bearing was tested at five vertical loads and two rotational speeds. The bearing had a length-to-diameter ratio of 1.00, a pre-load factor of 0.51 and an offset factor of 1.0. Loads from 0 to 4450 N and speeds of 2250 and 1650 rev min−1 were tested. On-rotor instrumentation and amplification are used to measure continuous fluid film pressures around the bearing, film thicknesses and journal temperatures. Slip ring telemetry is used to transmit the data to a real time data collection system. External instrumentation is used to measure film pressures and temperatures in discrete locations on the bearing surface, thus, allowing comparison with the on-shaft measurements. The eccentricity ratio and attitude angle are pressure measurements obtained indicate agreement within 5% between the results recorded by the on-shaft and the external pressure transducers. The experimental film thickness, temperature and pressure profiles and journal eccentricity agree with the expected behavior for this bearing type and are presented for Sommerfeld numbers from 0.41 to 2.2.
Arguing for Uniformity: Rethinking Lyell's Principles of Geology

The standard interpretation of Lyell's argument strategy in the Principles of Geology turns the actual strategy on its head. Lyell is not arguing for a picture of the earth based upon a priori methodological assumptions, as is usually thought. Rather, he is attempting to ground a geological method upon empirical conclusions he draws about the earth and its past. Lyell's attempt to ground a methodology upon a picture of the earth, rather than the other way around, challenges important assumptions about method and its relation to science.
Competition and structural change in Eastern Europe

Widely publicized reform programs for East Europe which emphasize rapid privatization are questioned on the grounds that structural changes to assure workable competition take precedence and will take years. A mix of deconcentrated state, cooperative, worker-owned, private, and foreignowned business can be workable. Import competition and antitrust legislation have auxiliary roles.
Visual acuity in human infants assessed with stationary stripes and phase-alternated checkerboards

Abstract In recent studies of the development of visual acuity in infants, finer acuity has been found in studies employing visually evoked potentials (in which temporally-modulated stimuli such as alternating checkerboards are used) than in studies employing preferential looking (in which stationary gratings have typically been used). In the present experiment, phase-alternated or stationary checkerboards, and stationary square-wave gratings, were used to obtain behavioral estimates of visual acuity in 2-month-old infants. The forcedchoice preferential looking technique was used. Similar acuity values were found for all three stimuli. The results suggest that the differential acuity values found between previous visually evoked potential and preferential looking studies are not attributable to differences in the stimuli used. Other possible causes of the discrepancy are discussed.
Coaggregation of Paramagnetic d- and f-Block Metal Ions with a Podand-Framework Amine Phenol Ligand†

This report covers initial studies in the coaggregation of nickel (Ni2+) and lanthanide (Ln3+) metal ions to form complexes with interesting structural and magnetic properties. The tripodal amine p...
Discrete micromechanics of elastoplastic crystals

The prediction of elastoplastic behaviour of single crystals is a basic problem which is central to the prediction of the overall behaviour of the crystal aggregate. It is well known that quasi-static and isothermal plastic deformation in single crystals arises almost solely from slip on specific crystallographic planes, and that this process occurs when the resolved shear stress on a critical slip system reaches a certain maximum value. In this paper we use small-deformation multisurface plasticity theory to phrase properly the problem of crystal slips at infinitesimal increments
Effects of Repeated Electroshocking on Condition, Growth, and Movement of Selected Warmwater Stream Fishes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of repeated monthly use of pulsed-DC electrofishing on condition factor (K), instantaneous growth rate (G), and movement of stream-dwelling creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, white suckers Catostomus commersonii, and green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus. Fish that were captured five or more times by approximately monthly electrofishing were compared with control groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models indicated that repeated electroshocking had such a minute impact (≤0.2% reduction in error sum of squares) on K that this effect was unlikely to be biologically meaningful, especially given that it was positive for white suckers. Similar models for G showed small but statistically significant decreases in white sucker and creek chub G-values from repeated monthly electroshocking; there was no effect for green sunfish. An additional model analyzing the impact of repeated electroshocking of white suckers at bimonthly intervals showed no significant...
Upper and lower bounds in quantum mechanical perturbation theory using linear programming

Abstract Upper and lower bounds to quantum mechanical second order perturbation quantities are found using the method of Linear Programming. In this paper bounds on the polarizability of hydrogen, helium and neon are obtained using the sum rules popularized by Dalgarno.
Balance performance under varied conditions of sensory cues.

43 junior-high-school girls performed three trials on a dynabilometer on each of seven days. After learning the balance task with all sensory cues available, subjects were tested under three conditions of partial feedback occlusion, i.e., with earphones, blindfold, and combination of earphone and blindfold. When visual feedback was absent, performance deteriorated significantly. Such deterioration did not occur when hearing was occluded.
Standard Errors of Statistics Students

Students in introductory statistics courses often commit similar errors in computation and interpretation. A handout that lists such common errors is described. Students appreciated the hand-out, thought it reduced errors, and recommended it for future classes.
Maternal age, social class, and the obstetric performance of teenagers.

It has been widely reported that teenage mothers experience more complications of labor and delivery as well as higher rates of prematurity and low-birth weight infants than women 20–30 years old. However, a few studies have suggested that birth complications are related to social class, not maternal age. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of social class, maternal age, and obstetric and neonatal outcome. When samples of primparous low-income and middle-income teenagers (15–19 years) were compared with samples of primiparous low-income and middle-income women (20–30 years), the reported differences by maternal age did not emerge. Instead there was evidence of a complex interaction between maternal age and social class that suggested that low-income, older mothers may be the most “at-risk” group, while middle-income teenage mothers may be the least at-risk group. It is suggested that risk assessment based on social class or maternal age alone is too simplistic to be useful.
Innate and Acquired Immunity to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Abstract Immunization with heat-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) 2–5 days before ocular infection reduced the frequency of establishment of latent HSV-1 infection in the trigeminal ganglion (TG); this induction of resistence coincided with reduced expression of IFN-γ mRNA in the TG. Immunization with unrelated antigens was not protective. In part, this resistance to nervous system invasion correlated with the appearance of serum antibody to HSV-1. Immunization reduced viral replication in the eye and trigeminal ganglion, and prevented HSV-1 spread to the cerebellum. IFN-γ was detected in immunized mice 4 days postocular infection as determined by plaque reduction using neutralizing Ab to IFN-α/β and IFN-γ. Injection of antibody (Ab) to IFN-α/β and IFN-γ administered at the time of immunization did not affect survival. Anti-IFN-γ-treated mice had significantly reduced levels of IFN in their serum. Treatment with anti-IFN-α/β Ab resulted in an elevation in viral replication as determined by the expression of latency associated transcripts in the TG of mice. Likewise, there was a significant increase in the CD8, IL-12 (p40), and TNF-α mRNA levels in the TG of the anti-IFN-α/β-treated mice. TG explant cultures demonstrated that viral load was significantly increased in the TG of anti-IFN-α/β-treated mice relative to TG of control mice 7 days after infection. The results suggest that exposure to viral antigens 2–5 days before infection is an important determinant of the extent of HSV-1 spread to the nervous system. Moreover, the data suggest that both an antibody response and IFN-α/β play a role in limiting the progress of infection from the peripheral tissues to the central nervous system.
RNA helicases at work: binding and rearranging

RNA helicases are ubiquitous, highly conserved enzymes that participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism. These proteins bind or remodel RNA or RNA–protein complexes in an ATP-dependent fashion. How RNA helicases physically perform their cellular tasks has been a longstanding question, but in recent years, intriguing models have started to link structure, mechanism and biological function for some RNA helicases. This review outlines our current view on major structural and mechanistic themes of RNA helicase function, and on emerging physical models for cellular roles of these enzymes.