cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 361: Single cell detection of protein and RNA: Development of a novel method combining immunocytochemistry andin situhybridization in breast cancer cells

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) utilizes antibodies to visualize the localization of specific proteins in cells while in situ hybridization (ISH) is a useful research tool for examining the presence and changes in levels of gene expression in cells. The ability to simultaneously visualize the co-localization of protein and RNA species in individual cells is necessary to address important biological questions. Additionally, studying both protein and RNA can be useful in cases where expression levels vary between mRNA and protein and to detect post-translational modifications. However, a combined technique has proved challenging due to the incompatibility of ICC and ISH protocols. Furthermore, traditional ISH methods have lacked sensitivity to detect low abundance RNA species and have limited multiplexing capability. Here, we describe a novel technique combining ICC staining with RNA ISH (based on the ViewRNA Assay), which utilizes branched DNA signal amplification technology allowing for single copy mRNA sensitivity. We demonstrate the utility and versatility of this technique using a variety of antibody and probe combinations relevant for cancer research. We compared expression of protein and mRNA of HER2, estrogen receptor alpha, and progesterone receptor in several breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-175, MDA-MB-231, and BT474) known to express differential levels of these targets. We also compared expression of several microRNAs (let-7a, miR-17, miR-30d, miR-107, and miR-93) known to play a role in cancer development in combination with staining for proteins involved in proliferation (Ki-67), anti-apoptosis (survivin), and cell structure (tubulin). We show successful detection of low abundance RNA species together with various protein markers. This novel technique is a valuable tool not only for cancer researchers, but also for investigators across numerous fields in biological research. Citation Format: Lisa J. Ma, Richard T. Frank, Xiaoxiao Li, Steve Lai, Jeanette Schmidt, Peggy Just, Sara Becker-Catania. Single cell detection of protein and RNA: Development of a novel method combining immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 361.
Predictors of HIV-related risk perception and PrEP acceptability among young adult female family planning patients

ABSTRACTHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) presents new opportunities for HIV prevention. While women comprise approximately 20% of new HIV infections in the US, significant questions remain about how to most effectively facilitate PrEP uptake for this population. Family planning clinics are a dominant source of health care for young women and support an estimated 4.5 million women annually. We explore characteristics associated with HIV risk perception and PrEP acceptability among young adult women seeking reproductive health services in a high-prevalence setting. A cross-sectional, clinic-based survey was conducted with women ages 18–35 (n = 146) seeking health care at two family planning clinics in the greater Baltimore, Maryland area, from January to April 2014. An estimated 22% of women reported being worried about HIV risk, and 60% reported they would consider taking a pill daily to prevent HIV. In adjusted models, HIV-related worry was associated with having no college education, being single or d...
Mechatronics course projects for use in Simulation Center

A senior-level technical elective for mechanical engineering and electrical engineering students has been offered annually. In the course, the students follow a traditional course structure and lecture following a textbook focusing on mechatronics. In parallel over the duration of the semester, interdisciplinary electrical and mechanical engineering teams are assimilated to perform and complete a project prototype of an electromechanical system for the additional course content. Several novel and innovative projects have been performed with this format including those for healthcare simulation which are summarized in this paper.
In situ solid-state electrochemistry of mass-selected ions at well-defined electrode-electrolyte interfaces.

Molecular-level understanding of electrochemical processes occurring at electrode–electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is key to the rational development of high-performance and sustainable electrochemical technologies. This article reports the development and application of solid-state in situ thin-film electrochemical cells to explore redox and catalytic processes occurring at well-defined EEIs generated using soft-landing (SL) of mass- and charge-selected cluster ions. In situ cells with excellent mass-transfer properties are fabricated using carefully designed nanoporous ionic liquid membranes. SL enables deposition of pure active species that are not obtainable with other techniques onto electrode surfaces with precise control over charge state, composition, and kinetic energy. SL is, therefore, demonstrated to be a unique tool for studying fundamental processes occurring at EEIs. Using an aprotic cell, the effect of charge state ( PMo 12 O 40 3 - / 2 - ) and the contribution of building blocks of Keggin polyoxometalate (POM) clusters to redox processes are characterized by populating EEIs with POM anions generated by electrospray ionization and gas-phase dissociation. Additionally, a proton-conducting cell has been developed to characterize the oxygen reduction activity of bare Pt clusters (Pt30 ∼1 nm diameter), thus demonstrating the capability of the cell for probing catalytic reactions in controlled gaseous environments. By combining the developed in situ electrochemical cell with ion SL we established a versatile method to characterize the EEI in solid-state redox systems and reactive electrochemistry at precisely defined conditions. This capability will advance the molecular-level understanding of processes occurring at EEIs that are critical to many energy-related technologies.
Evaluating GeoContext: A system for creating geographical topics from a social media stream

Social media can provide an insight into different contextual and temporal events that are not easily discovered with traditional search engines. In this paper, we evaluate different configurations for creating a social media analysis engine. We briefly describe our system, GeoContext, for analyzing a Twitter stream. GeoContext creates clusters of tweets that have the same topic, and then analyzes the topic clusters to determine if each cluster is centered in a geographical location. In this paper, we present our evaluation of four threshold values present in GeoContext: the threshold value of GeoContexts similarity score calculation by which two tweets are considered to have similar topics, the time between pruning sessions, at which old irrelevant clusters of tweets are removed, the time at which a cluster is considered to be irrelevant, or stale, and the threshold value of GeoContexts geographical analysis algorithm, by which a cluster of tweets is considered to be centered at a location. We posit that these types of threshold values are likely to be present in any system for clustering and analyzing a social media stream.
Phase I Trial of Multiple Infusions of Autologous Activated T Cells with Anti-CD3 x Anti-CD20 Bispecific Antibody (CD20Bi) after Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant for NonHodgkins Lymphoma To Improve Graft-vs-Lymphoma Effects.

Relapse rates after high dose chemotherapy (HDC) autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) for high risk refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients remain unacceptably high. In order to augment the anti-lymphoma effect and decrease relapsed rates, our strategy combines 1) the cytotoxicity mediated by anti-CD3 activated autologous T cells (ATC) armed with a bispecific antibody (BiAb) that redirects ATC to kill CD20 + lymphoma cells and circumvents rituximab resistance (Exp Hemat33:452, 2005) and 2) autologous PBSCT after high dose chemotherapy. Arming ATC with anti-CD3 x anti-CD20 (CD20Bi) converts each ATC into a CD20-specific cytotoxic T cell. Our phase I trial tests whether multiple infusions of armed ATC armed given after HDC followed by PBSCT are safe and whether such infusions will provide an anti-lymphoma effect to improve overall survival and disease free survival after PBSCT. On day +4, the patients receive immune consolidation consisting of 3 infusions of CD20Bi-armed ATC per week for 3 weeks and then 1 infusion per week for 6 additional weeks. The dose levels are 5, 10, 15, and 20 x 10 9 cells/infusion with total armed ATC doses equaling 75, 150, 225, and 300 x 10 9 CD20Bi-armed ATC. Subcutaneous IL-2 (300,000 IU/m 2 /day) will be given daily beginning d+4 and ending after the last dose of armed ATC. The dose of CD34+/kg ranged from 1.04 to 3.4 x 10 6 . T cells in the leukopheresis product were activated with anti-CD3 and expanded in low dose IL-2, harvested, armed with CD20Bi, and cryopreserved for infusions after PBSCT. The ATC harvest ranged from 119–140 billion with >94% viability with 96–99% CD3+, 33–67% CD4+, 32–53% CD8+, and 9 CD20Bi armed ATC) without any dose limiting toxicities. All of the patients are alive 780, 650, and 521 days after PBSCT. Two are free of disease and one was transplanted with persistent disease went into remission after PBSCT and relapsed 8 months after PBSCT. He is now in remission following chemotherapy and a MUD PBSCT. The cytotoxicity mediated by the patients’ ex vivo expanded, armed ATC against the B9C cell line was significantly higher than unarmed ATC. CTL activity directed at B cell targets was detected by 3 weeks after PBSCT. These results suggest that large numbers of armed autologous ATC can be infused after PBSCT without major side effects related to the armed targeted ATC. This strategy may provide a unique opportunity to increase the GVL effect without increasing toxicities after autologous PBSCT for CD20+ lymphomas.
Extraterritorial Human Security

Chapter 5 analyzes the bureaucracy set in place to manage the protection of emigrants’ human security. It identifies and examines the Centre de Securite et de Soutien (CDCS) as the key cosmonational agency responsible for coordinating intervention and managing local crises affecting the human security of French nationals abroad. The literature on human security, in contrast or in addition to state security, is reviewed to explain the expansion of services made available to the extraterritorial population. It examines the ways in which cosmonationalism manifests itself in the operation of the CDCS, also calling attention to the rise of cosmoeuropeanism in the area of human security. The relations of CDCS and the local embassy are assessed, along with the cosmonational contexts within which these occur. This chapter further shows the different forms that a crossborder cosmonational bureaucracy may embody and explains how they induce and sustain postdiasporization.
Choosing to be present with clients: an evidence – based model for building trainees’ counselling competence

ABSTRACTBeing present with clients has been suggested to be a necessary condition for the therapeutic relationship [Geller & Greenberg, 2012. Therapeutic presence: A mindfull approach to effective ...
Parent reports of children's working memory, coping, and emotional/behavioral adjustment in pediatric brain tumor patients: A pilot study.

ABSTRACTNeurocognitive problems in childhood survivors of brain tumors are well documented. Further, research has shown that problems in cognitive functioning may be associated with impairment in the use of complex strategies needed to cope with stress, including secondary control coping strategies (e.g., acceptance and cognitive reappraisal) which have been associated with fewer adjustment problems. The present study measured cognitive function, coping strategies, and adjustment in children ages 6–16 years at the time of brain tumor diagnosis and at two follow-up time-points up to 1 year post-diagnosis. In a prospective design, working memory was assessed in a total of 29 pediatric brain tumor patients prior to undergoing surgery, child self-reported coping was assessed at 6 months post-diagnosis, and parent-reported child adjustment was assessed at 12 months post-diagnosis. Significant correlations were found between working memory difficulties and secondary control coping. Secondary control coping was ...
Optimizing autonomous surveillance route solutions from minimal human-robot interaction

Resource-constrained surveillance tasks represent a promising domain for autonomous robotic systems in a variety of real-world applications. In particular, we consider tasks where the system must maximize the probability of detecting a target while traversing an environment subject to resource constraints that make full coverage infeasible. In order to perform well, accurate knowledge of the underlying distribution of the surveillance targets is essential for practical use, but this is typically not available to robots. To successfully address surveillance route planning in human-robot teams, the design and optimization of human-robot interaction is critical. Further, in human-robot teaming, the human often possesses essential knowledge of the mission, environment, or other agents. In this paper, we introduce a new approach named Human-robot Autonomous Route Planning (HARP) that explores the space of surveillance solutions to maximize task-performance using information provided through interactions with humans. Experimental results have shown that with minimal interaction, we can successfully leverage human knowledge to create more successful surveillance routes under resource constraints.
Culturally Relevant Pedagogy and its Implications for Retaining Minority Students in Predominantly White Institutions (PWIS)

Equitable access to education has been an issue for decades in the United States. In the 19th century, laws existed that denied access to immigrants, non-Christians, women and people of color. Now, even in the 21st century, issues of equitable access to formal education still exist. These issues are especially true for higher education.
Young adults' perceptions of acceptability and effectiveness of a text message-delivered treatment for cannabis use disorder

Abstract Objective This study collected in-depth treatment satisfaction and effectiveness data to provide insight into the mechanisms of behavior change and to identify aspects of a text message- delivered treatment for cannabis use disorder that could be improved. Methods Data were collected via a web-based survey from 30 young adults (ages 18–25) who were recent participants in a randomized controlled trial of Peer Network Counseling-txt (PNC- txt), a text message treatment for cannabis use disorder. The survey assessed reactions to the text-delivered treatment, changes in cannabis use, reactions to the peer-focused components, and feedback about improvements to the treatment. Results Nearly all (93%) respondents found PNC-txt to be helpful to their treatment. The majority of the sample (63%) reported that PNC-txt heightened awareness of their cannabis use, and 40% reported a better understanding of problematic use. Fifty percent reported that they use less cannabis than they did prior to the intervention. Seventy percent of respondents stated that it was helpful to answer questions about their close friend group and nearly one- quarter of participants decreased the amount of time spent with “unhealthy” friends. Approximately 85% indicated that thinking about their peer network helped them meet goals of stopping, reducing, or better managing their cannabis use. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the acceptability of the text-delivered treatment platform and potential mechanisms of behavior change for PNC-txt. The participants provided positive feedback about the treatment and indicated that it helped reduce their cannabis use. Given the acceptability and promising efficacy of PNC-txt, continued research is warranted, particularly with adolescents and with larger samples.
Sliding Mode Control of Underactuated Vehicles in Three-Dimensional Space

This paper describes the derivation of a trajectory tracking sliding mode control law for general three-dimensional vehicle models with one degree of underactuation, which allows the control law to be applied to different vehicle models. The method is based on the transformation of the problem into a reduced order error dynamics. We then prove that the stabilization of the error dynamics results in tracking all the system states in the presence of bounded modeling uncertainties and disturbances. The method is then applied to a generic underwater vehicle model and simulated to verify its performance.
Electrical brain stimulation in different variants of primary progressive aphasia: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been recently shown to improve language outcomes in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) but most studies are small and the influence of PPA variant is unknown. Methods Thirty-six patients with PPA participated in a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, within-subject crossover design for 15 daily sessions of stimulation coupled with written naming/spelling therapy. Outcome measures were letter accuracy of treated and untreated words immediately after and at 2 weeks and 2 months posttreatment. Results tDCS treatment was more effective than sham: gains for treated words were maintained 2 months posttreatment; gains from tDCS also generalized to untreated words and were sustained 2 months posttreatment. Different effects were obtained for each PPA variant, with no tDCS advantage for semantic variant PPA. Discussion The study supports using tDCS as an adjunct to written language interventions in individuals with logopenic or nonfluent/agrammatic PPA seeking compensatory treatments in clinical settings.
Escherichia coli Remodels the Chemotaxis Pathway for Swarming.

Many flagellated bacteria "swarm" over a solid surface as a dense consortium. In different bacteria, swarming is facilitated by several alterations such as those corresponding to increased flagellum numbers, special stator proteins, or secreted surfactants. We report here a change in the chemosensory physiology of swarming Escherichia coli which alters its normal "run tumble" bias. E. coli bacteria taken from a swarm exhibit more highly extended runs (low tumble bias) and higher speeds than E. coli bacteria swimming individually in a liquid medium. The stability of the signaling protein CheZ is higher in swarmers, consistent with the observed elevation of CheZ levels and with the low tumble bias. We show that the tumble bias displayed by wild-type swarmers is the optimal bias for maximizing swarm expansion. In assays performed in liquid, swarm cells have reduced chemotactic performance. This behavior is specific to swarming, is not specific to growth on surfaces, and persists for a generation. Therefore, the chemotaxis signaling pathway is reprogrammed for swarming.IMPORTANCE The fundamental motile behavior of E. coli is a random walk, where straight "runs" are punctuated by "tumbles." This behavior, conferred by the chemotaxis signaling system, is used to track chemical gradients in liquid. Our study results show that when migrating collectively on surfaces, E. coli modifies its chemosensory physiology to decrease its tumble bias (and hence to increase run durations) by post-transcriptional changes that alter the levels of a key signaling protein. We speculate that the low tumble bias may contribute to the observed Levy walk (LW) trajectories within the swarm, where run durations have a power law distribution. In animals, LW patterns are hypothesized to maximize searches in unpredictable environments. Swarming bacteria face several challenges while moving collectively over a surface-maintaining cohesion, overcoming constraints imposed by a physical substrate, searching for nutrients as a group, and surviving lethal levels of antimicrobials. The altered chemosensory behavior that we describe in this report may help with these challenges.
Formative Assessment of Performance in Diagnostic Ultrasound Using Simulation and Quantitative and Objective Metrics.

Background We developed simulator-based tools for assessing provider competence in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and vascular duplex scanning. Methods Psychomotor (technical) skill in TTE image acquisition was calculated from the deviation angle of an acquired image from the anatomically correct view. We applied this metric for formative assessment to give feedback to learners and evaluate curricula.Psychomotor skill in vascular ultrasound was measured in terms of dexterity and image plane location; cognitive skill was assessed from measurements of blood flow velocity, parameter settings, and diagnosis. The validity of the vascular simulator was assessed from the accuracy with which experts can measure peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV). Results In the TTE simulator, the skill metric enabled immediate feedback, formative assessment of curriculum efficacy, and comparison of curriculum outcomes. The vascular duplex ultrasound simulator also provided feedback, and experts' measurements of PSV deviated from actual PSV in the model by Conclusions Skill in acquiring diagnostic ultrasound images of organs and vessels can be measured using simulation in an objective, quantitative, and standardized manner. Current applications are provision of feedback to learners to enable training without direct faculty oversight and formative assessment of curricula. Simulator-based metrics could also be applied for summative assessment.
Stricture Prevention after Extensive Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Neoplastic Barrett's Esophagus: Individualized Oral Steroid Prophylaxis.

Introduction. Endoscopic resection (ER) exceeding ≥75% of the esophageal circumference is accompanied with a high stricture risk regardless of the resection method. The ideal strategy for stricture prevention is not well defined today. Different approaches have been reported but data are limited to the resection of squamous cell neoplasia. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an individualized oral steroid regimen to prevent strictures after extensive ER in neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus (NBE). Materials and Methods. Over a 50-month period, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed in 193 patients with NBE. 23 patients with resections exceeding 75% of the circumference were included. 19 resection ulcers were noncircumferential (NCR) while 4 were circumferential (CR). Stricture prevention was performed using oral prednisolone starting with a daily dose of 50 mg and standard tapering over 8 weeks (50/40/30/25/20/15/10/5 mg). Tapering was individualized according to the ulcer healing process (assessed endoscopically in the first tapering period and before stopping the steroids). Data were analyzed retrospectively. Results. Stricture rates were 5.3% (1/19) for NCR and 100% (4/4) for CR ( ). The only stricture in the NCR group was seen in a patient who had stopped steroids without any reason after few days. 12/19 patients received standard tapering over 8 weeks (63.1%). According to the individual ulcer healing, treatment was prolonged to 9-10 weeks in 4/19 (21.1%) and shortened to 7 weeks in another 2/19 (10.5%). After CR, all patients needed endoscopic balloon dilatation (median 6.5 sessions; range 3-14 sessions for 8-40 weeks). Side effects of the steroid therapy were not noted. Conclusion. Oral prednisolone therapy with an endoscopy-based individualized tapering regimen is effective in avoiding strictures after NCR of Barrett’s neoplasia. After CR, the stricture risk is not sufficiently decreased. CR should be restricted to circumferential neoplasia which is a very rare scenario in neoplastic BE.
Single-crystal structure of the 2H-related perovskites (A(3-x)Nax)NaBO6 (A = La, Pr, Nd; B = Rh, Pt).

Single crystals of La 2.47 Na 1.53 RhO 6 , Pr 2.45 Na 1.55 RhO 6 , Nd 2.45 Na 1.55 RhO 6 , La 2 Na 2 PtO 6 , and Nd 2 Na 2 PtO 6 were grown from carbonate and "wet" hydroxide fluxes. All were found to crystallize in the trigonal space group R3c and adopt the K 4 CdCl 6 structure.
Modernism and the fate of individuality: From the epic To the Lighthouse

Woolf enters this book as she entered the lists of the modern novel, as a woman among a crowd of men and as a literary revolutionary writing after the first wave of revolution had passed. These two conditions, her sex and her age, threatened to make her the modernists' unwanted daughter, at once belated and premature – belated because she seemed doomed to repeat the rituals of aesthetic revolt, premature because she was doomed to live before the epoch of the daughters. To the Lighthouse , which becomes finally a vindication of the rights and gifts of the daughter, does so by revealing her as neither belated nor premature but as a timely alternative to the conceptions of character that had dominated English modernism. It is well to remember that early twentieth-century definitions of the new aesthetic favored a sexual metaphor which cast women as major contributors to precipitous cultural decline. One thinks, for instance, of Irving Babbitt's claim that the “predominance of the feminine over the masculine virtues … has been the main cause of the corruption of literature and the arts during the past century”; of T. E. Hulme's appeal for a new poetry of “virile thought”; or of Joyce's remark that “T. S. Eliot ends [the] idea of poetry for ladies.”
Design of Incentive Cooperation Bidding Mechanism for Independent Power Suppliers and Grid Corporation Based on Carbon Emission Reduction Dispatching

Market mechanism is the basic institutional arrangement to establish long-term carbon emission reduction mechanisms.In view of the current energy saving based generation dispatching lacks market price discovery,this paper studies the decision-making problem about IPSs and the grid corporation's cooperative bidding mechanism based on carbon emission reduction dispatching.The optimal parameters of the mechanism are discussed.Several conclusions are derived.The cooperative bidding mechanism contributes to the supply and operation indices optimization in electricity market.Thus,the policy guidance of generation scheduling is conformed.The profit of the low carbon unit with the cooperative bidding mechanism is higher than which of the case without the mechanism.Thus,the independent power supplier's enthusiasm increases.The research is expected to provide a method and basis for practice of CO2 emission reducing.
Assessing Public Perceptions of Police Use-of-Force: Legal Reasonableness and Community Standards

How do public expectations of police use-of-force align with the strict professional and legal guidelines under which police officers train and operate? This is a largely unexamined but salient que...
Copper(II) as a Platform for Probing the Steric Demand of Bulky β-Diketonates.

The synthesis and characterization of a series of copper bis(β-diketonate) complexes, functionalized with sterically hindered o-biphenyl and m-terphenyl functional groups, are reported. X-ray struc...
The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66

It is one of the paradoxes of Nigeria’s decolonization that the country’s most pre-eminent nationalist figure, Nnamdi Azikiwe, emerged at independence in the position of constitutional head of state, and that he had been put there at the behest of his new allies in the Northern Region. This chapter presents a first account of Azikiwe’s tenure as Governor-General (1960–63) and then President of Nigeria (1963–66), and his role in the nation-wide constitutional crisis of December 1964–January 1965, which pushed Nigeria towards military coup, civil war, and the shift towards ‘executive presidencies’ in the decades to follow.
Outcomes of chronic distal biceps reconstruction with tendon grafting: a matched comparison with primary repair

Background The purpose of this analysis was to analyze outcomes of distal biceps reconstruction with soft tissue allograft in the setting of chronic, irreparable distal biceps ruptures. The outcomes of these cases were then compared with a matched cohort of distal biceps ruptures that were able to be repaired primarily. Methods Retrospective review of an institutional elbow surgery database was conducted. All cases of distal biceps repairs were identified by Common Procedural Terminology, ICD-9, and ICD-10 codes from January 2009 to March 2018. A direct review of operative reports was then conducted to identify which cases required allograft reconstruction. After identification of this population, a 2:1 manually matched cohort of patients who underwent primary repair was generated using age, gender, body mass index, and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index. Finally, the allograft reconstruction and matched primary repair cohorts were compared for reoperation, range of motion, and patient-reported outcomes scores. Results There were 46 male patients who underwent distal biceps reconstruction with allograft (14 Achilles tendon, 32 semitendinosus) and they were matched to 92 male patients that underwent primary distal biceps repair. Mean patient age (46.9 ± 10.3 vs. 47.0 ± 9.8 years, P = .95), BMI (31.3 ± 5.3 vs. 31.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2, P = .60), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.2 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 0.9, P = .64) were similar between allograft reconstruction and primary repair groups. Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (7.4 ± 18.0 vs. 1.6 ± 4.1, P = .23), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (92.1 ± 19.7 vs. 97.3 ± 6.4, P = .36), and Oxford Elbow Score (43.4 ± 11.0 vs. 46.8 ± 3.2, P = .25) were not significantly different between groups at mean 5.1 years (range, 1.5-10.9 years) after surgery. There were 1 of 42 (2.2%) allograft patients who require revision compared with 3 of 92 (3.3%, P = .719) in the primary repair group. In addition, one primary repair required reoperation for scar tissue excision and lateral antebrachial cutaneous neurolysis. Final range of motion data (twelve-week follow-up) for the allograft reconstruction group was similar to primary repair group in flexion (136.1° ± 5.3° vs. 135.9° ± 2.7°, P = .81), extension (0.8° ± 2.9° vs. 0.4° ± 1.7°, P = .53), pronation (78.0° ± 9.0° vs. 76.4° ± 15.4°, P = .50), supination (77.4° ± 10.7° vs. 77.5° ± 11.9°, P = .96). Conclusion Patients who underwent distal biceps reconstruction with a graft had similar failure rates, reoperation rates, final range of motion, and patient-reported outcomes scores as those treated without a graft. Patients can be consulted that direct repair in the acute setting is preferred; however, even in the setting of a distal biceps reconstruction with graft augmentation, they can expect low complications and good functional results.
Structural Strengthening of Concrete Footings Using External Prestressing

Bridge footing plays an important role in transferring loads from superstructure to the soil underneath. Its flexural, shear, and load carrying capacities are critical to the overall performance of the bridge. Bridge footings may require strengthening due to structural deficiency, or increase in traffic load. In this paper, a footing enlargement retrofit method utilizing external prestressing is proposed. For a square spread footing, the proposed strengthening system could be implemented using the following steps: (1) trimming four corners of the square footing, (2) installing circular prestressing ducts and tendons, (3) placing formwork and casting the additional concrete, and (4) stressing the prestressing strands. The composite action between the new and existing concrete parts is provided by the external circular prestressing. Compared with the dowel-splicing connections used in traditional methods, this new connection is more effective and practical, as the punching shear is the dominating mode of failure in the bridge footing. In this research, the effectiveness of the proposed method on improving the punching shear capacity of square spread footing is presented. Finite element models were built and analyzed using the commercial software Abaqus CAE. The primary investigated parameters were footing size, reinforcement ratio, and amount of prestressing strands. The results of this investigation suggest that the external circular prestressing can significantly improve the punching shear capacity of square spread footing.
The Impact of an Educational Intervention on Infant Caregivers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Regarding Oral Health

Background: Dental caries are the most common chronic disease affecting children and adolescents in the U.S. Rates of dental caries are rising in the 2-4 yr. age group, specifically in children from poor families and those of non-Hispanic black and Mexican American ethnicity. However, little is known about oral health practices of infants. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention in the Rainbow Ambulatory Practice on caregiver knowledge, attitude, and adherence to recommended oral …
The HER Salt Lake media campaign: comparing characteristics and outcomes of clients who make appointments online versus standard scheduling

Little research has examined how media outreach strategies affect the outcomes of contraceptive initiatives. Thus, this paper assesses the potential impact of an online media campaign introduced during the last six months of a contraceptive initiative study based in Salt Lake City, UT (USA). During the last six months of the HER Salt Lake Contraceptive Initiative (September 2016-March 2017), we introduced an online media campaign designed to connect potential clients to information about the initiative and a brief (9-item) appointment request form (via HERsaltlake.org). Using linked data from the online form and electronic medical records, we examine differences in demographics, appointment show rates, and contraceptive choices between “online requester” clients who made clinical appointments through the online form (n = 356) and “standard requester” clients who made appointments using standard scheduling (n = 3,051). We used summary statistics and multivariable regression to compare groups. The campaign logged 1.7 million impressions and 15,765 clicks on advertisements leading to the campaign website (HERSaltLake.org). Compared to standard requesters, online requesters less frequently reported a past pregnancy and were more likely to be younger, white, and to enroll in the survey arm of the study. Relative to standard requesters and holding covariates constant, online requesters were more likely to select copper IUDs (RRR: 8.14), hormonal IUDs (RRR: 12.36), and implants (RRR: 10.75) over combined hormonal contraceptives (the contraceptive pill, patch, and ring). Uptake of the contraceptive injectable, condoms, and emergency contraception did not differ between groups. Clients demonstrating engagement with the media campaign had different demographic characteristics and outcomes than those using standard scheduling to arrange care. Online media campaigns can be useful for connecting clients with advertised contraceptive methods and initiatives. However, depending on design strategy, the use of media campaigns might shift the demographics and characteristics of clients who participate in contraceptive initiatives. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02734199, Registered 12 April 2016—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02734199 .
Manipulating Facebook’s Notification System to Provide Evidence of Techno-Social Engineering:

Techno-social engineering (TSE) theory argues that digital platforms shape and program human behaviors. We provide empirical evidence of this theory by introducing a novel method to conduct in-netw...
Legume Re-Establishment in Pastures after the Application of Residual Herbicides

Introduction Integrated management of pastures and hayfields sometimes require the application of broadleaf herbicides to manage weeds. Weed infestations are usually caused by a variety of factors including but not limited to drought, poor grazing management, and feeding weed infested hay in pastures. Weeds can adversely affect livestock access to forage as well as reduce forage quantity and quality. Producers are often hesitant to apply herbicides to manage weeds because of the effect the herbicides will have on forage legumes present in the pasture. Many problematic pasture weeds such as Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and musk thistle (Carduus nutans) are best controlled by residual herbicides that will control later emerging seedlings of these and other weeds. While these residual herbicides provide longterm weed control of a variety of weeds, they can adversely affect re-establishment of legumes in pastures if replanting occurs too soon after the herbicide application. Studies in Nebraska, Missouri, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and in Iowa at the McNay Research Farm over the past 4 years show that forage legumes can be successfully re-established into pastures 12 months after the application of maximum labeled rates of aminopyralidcontaining herbicide products, ForeFront (2.6 pints/acre) or Milestone (7 fluid ounces/acre) herbicides. In pastures with dense perennial weed infestations, producers will often apply residual herbicides two years in a row to provide long-term weed control. This study was initiated to evaluate the re-establishment of several forage legumes (red clover, white clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and alfalfa) after one year or two consecutive years of application of ForeFront R&P herbicide. ForeFront is a new herbicide from Dow AgroSciences and is a premix of the new active ingredient, aminopyralid, and 2,4-D.
What Blood Temperature for an Ex Vivo Extracorporeal Circuit

Extracorporeal therapies are widely used in numerous fields of medicine. Millions of patients around the world are treated with hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease, receive cardiopulmonary bypass during open heart surgery, or plasmapheresis for autoimmune disease (1–3). In critical care, 5% of patients will undergo renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury during their stay in the intensive care unit, and besides renal support, some of these extracorporeal therapies (high volume hemofiltration, super high-flux hemofiltration, hemoperfusion, coupled plasma filtration adsorption) are also proposed as a blood purification treatment for septic shock (4–6). Because of blood exposure to foreign materials, the extracorporeal circuit by itself is responsible for inflammation activation (7). Despite recent improvements in circuit biocompatibility, this additional production of locally formed inflammatory mediators is still considered a major adverse effect (8). For research purposes, ex vivo circuits are commonly employed because they allow for evaluation of filters, dialyzers, sorbent cartridges, or other adsorption devices without any exposure to a patient or an animal, and they can be miniaturized, thus permitting rapid screening of materials (9–13). Blood is usually placed in a reservoir and then circulates through a closed loop with multiple passes through the device being studied. Circuit settings are not standardized and experimental conditions vary from one study to another (9–13). These ex vivo extracorporeal circuits are also under the influence of the inflammatory activation due to special environmental conditions such as artificial tubing, temperature, blood movement, and blood–air interface. However, in order to evaluate blood purification devices using ex vivo circuits, it is important to establish conditions that have the least inflammatory activation possible because this activation may interfere with or overshadow the effects of the device itself. One such parameter that is known to have a significant impact on inflammatory cell activation is temperature. However, in ex vivo circuit experiments, it is unclear if work should be conducted at body temperature (37°C) or some other temperature (e.g., room temperature). One could argue that maintaining blood temperature at 37°C with a warmer could be physiological, but if maintaining body temperature is itself proinflammatory, then this effect will confound any attempt to evaluate artificial material. In addition, hypothermia (room temperature) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte response following several tissue insults such as ischemic brain or liver injury (14–16). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different blood temperature conditions on cytokine production and leukocyte surface markers expression in a miniaturized extracorporeal ex vivo circuit.
Commonality of Ground Systems in Launch Operations

NASA is examining the utility of requiring a certain degree of commonality in both flight and ground systems in the Constellation Program. While the benefits of commonality seem obvious in terms of minimizing upfront development and long-term operations and maintenance costs, success in real, large-scale engineering systems used to support launch operations is relatively unknown. A broad literature review conducted for this paper did not yield a single paper specifically addressing the application of commonality for ground systems at any launch site in the United States or abroad. This paper provides a broad overview of the ground systems, captures historical and current application of commonality at the launch site, and offers suggestions for additional research to further develop commonality approaches.
Automatic discovery of semantic structures in HTML documents

Template-driven HTML documents possess an implicit, fixed schema denoting concepts and their relationships in a hierarchical fashion. Discovering this schema remains a relatively unexplored problem. By exploiting a key observation that semantically related items in HTML documents exhibit spatial locality, we develop an algorithm for automatically partitioning them into tree-like semantic structures which expose the implicit schema.
Does distance matter? A comparison of boundary and distance-based measures of internal migration

This study demonstrates that migration measures predicated on cross-boundary movement introduce significant misclassification error into both migrant and non-migrant samples. The former is shown to occur when across-boundary moves cover only relatively short distances, while the later results from long distance residential movement occurring within the boundary. Using a unique sample of geocoded data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, I find that over half of all intercounty moves and one-third of all interstate moves cover distances of less than fifty miles. In contrast, more than half of all within-state moves (of at least ten miles) cover distances of more than fifty miles while over thirty-five percent cover at least one hundred miles. Estimation results from a standard discrete-choice model of migration propensity are shown to be highly sensitive to distance suggesting that inferences based on a particular migration definition will often not generalize across alternative measures.
Grape Seed Polyphenolic Extract as a Potential Novel Therapeutic Agent in Tauopathies

Abnormal misfoldings of the microtubule-associated protein tau, leading to the aggregation of tau into paired helical filaments that are ultimately deposited as neurofibrillary tangles, is a key neuropathologic feature of a number of neurodegenerative disorders collectively referred to as tauopathies. We recently observed that a particular grape seed polyphenolic extract (GSPE), namely, Meganatural-Az may attenuate the generation and stability of misfolded proteins. We hypothesized that Meganatural- Az GSPE might also attenuate tau protein misfolding that leads to the generation of tau filamentary aggregates that are critical for the initiation and progression of neurodegeneration and/or cognitive dysfunctions in tauopathies. In this study, we used in vitro aggregations of synthetic Ac- 306 VQIVYK 311 tau peptide as a model system to explore whether Meganatural-Az GSPE might modulate aggregations of tau protein. We demonstrate that this GSPE is capable of inhibiting tau peptide aggregations, as well as dissociating preformed tau peptide aggregates. Results from this study suggest that this GSPE might provide beneficial disease- modifying bioactivities in tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders by modulating tau-mediated neuropathologic mechanisms. Our observation, in conjunction with the demonstrated bioavailability, as well as safety and tolerability, of this GSPE, supports the development of Meganatural-Az GSPE for the prevention and/or treatment of tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
Franck-Condon factors for high rotational levels of nitrogen

Abstract Franck-Condon factors and band strengths of some strong bands of the first negative, first positive, and second positive systems of nitrogen are calculated in the Morse potential approximation and are shown to exhibit little dependence upon rotational level up to rotational quantum number 100.
Improvements in the energy resolution and high-count-rate performance of bismuth germanate

Several methods for improving the energy resolution of bismuth germanate (BGO) have been investigated. It is shown that some of these methods resulted in a substantial improvement in the energy resolution. In addition, a method to improve the performance of BGO at high counting rates has been systematically studied. The results of this study are presented and discussed.
Translations and other Ways in Which one Literature Refracts Another

(1984). Translations and other Ways in Which one Literature Refracts Another. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 127-142.
1425 NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING IN-UTERO EXPOSURE TO INTRAVENOUS RITODRINE

Intravenous administration of ritodrine has been shown to prolong pregnancy in selected patients. However, the drug has been associated with maternal cardiovascular and metabolic derangements. If tocolytic therapy fails and the neonate delivers soon after ritodrine is discontinued, significant drug levels could increase neonatal morbidity. The purpose of this study was to examine the following neonatal outcomes: Apgar score 1 min. and 5 min., neonatal pH, plasma bicarbonate, hypotension, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome & neonatal mortality in infants exposed to IV ritodrine within 12 hours of delivery. Fifty-eight neonates delivered within 12 hours of discontinuing intravenous maternal ritodrine were matched for birthweight and gestational age with 58 control infants without ritodrine exposure. The study infants had a mean GA of 32.8 ± 2.8 wks., & a mean BW of 1744 ± 512 gm. The potential effect of the total ritodrine dose used and the drug discontinuance to delivery intervals (DDDI) on the 8 neonatal outcomes were evaluated. The frequencies of maternal medical and obstetric complications were similar in both groups. PROM and prolonged rupture of membranes >12 hours were more common in the control group (p<0.001). Of the neonatal morbidity variables examined, only hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in the ritodrine exposed neonates as compared to control group. Stepwise discriminant analysis and stepwise multilinear regression failed to reveal an effect of total maternal ritodrine dose, and DDDI on the occurrence of the neonatal morbidity variables. The analysis showed that gestational age was a good predictor of RDS and neonatal death but that ritodrine dose and DDDI did not add significantly to the prediction of any neonatal complications. These findings suggest that ritodrine used per protocol is not associated with a significant increase in neonatal morbidity.