cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infrared detection of a phenylboronic acid terminated alkane thiol monolayer on gold surfaces.

Polarization modulation infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) have been used to characterize the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of N-(3-dihydroxyborylphenyl)-11-mercaptoundecanamide) (abbreviated PBA) on a gold surface and the subsequent binding of various sugars to the PBA adlayer through the phenylboronic acid moiety to form a phenylboronate ester. Vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation (VR-SFG) spectroscopy confirmed the ordering of the substituted phenyl groups of the PBA adlayer on the gold surface. Solution FTIR spectra and density functional theory were used to confirm the identity of the observed vibrational modes on the gold surface of PBA with and without bound sugar. The detection of the binding of glucose on the gold surface was confirmed in part by the presence of a C−O stretching mode of glucose and the observed O−H stretching mode of glucose that is shifted in position relative to the O−H stretching...
Recent advances in the theory of superconductivity

The theory of superconductivity in which it is assumed that there is a net attractive interaction between pairs of "electrons" in time-reversed ststes, which give rise to a condensed stste in which "electrons" near the Fermi surface are strongly correlated over distances of approximately 1O/sup -4/cm, is reviewed. The excitation modes and a generalized enengy gap equation are discussed. A system of free fermions interacting via an effective two-body potential whose matrix elements are attractive for transitions in which both particles remain in the region about the Fermi surface but are repulsive otherwise is considered. The application of the independent quasi-particle approximation to a system of fermions interacting via strong short-range forces is also discussed. (M.C.G.)
Production of Placentomata in Rats Injected with Anterior Hypophyseal Fluid.

Conclusion1. In animals injected daily with anterior hypophyseal fluid, and presenting numerous persistent corpora lutea, it is possible to obtain regularly large placentomata if the injury of the uterine mucosa is produced around the fifth day of injections and the animal killed 5 to 7 days after operation.2. If the injury of the uterine mucosa is made the day before the injections started, it is not possible to obtain large placentomata. A slight enlargement at the sites of injury may be observed.3. If the injury of the uterine mucosa is made after 10 days or more, placentomata are never obtained.
Automated measurement of polarization mode dispersion using Jones matrix eigenanalysis

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), which can limit the bandwidth of optical transmission links, has been difficult to measure in a manner independent of human judgment, leading to difficulties in automating the measurement. It is shown that PMD in any linear, time-invariant network can be completely characterized by eigenanalysis of Jones matrices measured at a series of discrete wavelengths, even for networks exhibiting polarization-dependent loss. A fast, automated system using a tunable laser and an accurate, real-time polarimeter affords the temporal accuracy of approximately 2% down to a limit of several femtoseconds, as demonstrated by comparison with other techniques and comparison with known samples. Both the principal states of polarization and the group delay difference were measured as a function of optical frequency. >
MTO1 Codes for a Mitochondrial Protein Required for Respiration in Paromomycin-resistant Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mutations in MTO1 express a respiratory defect only in the context of a mitochondrial genome with a paromomycin-resistance allele. This phenotype is similar to that described previously for mss1 mutants by Decoster, E., Vassal, A., and Faye, G. (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 232, 79–88. We present evidence that Mto1p and Mss1p are mitochondrial proteins and that they form a heterodimer complex. In a paromomycin-resistant background, mss1 and mto1 mutants are inefficient in processing the mitochondrial COX1 transcript for subunit 1 of cytochrome oxidase. The mutants also fail to synthesize subunit 1 and show a pleiotropic absence of cytochromes a, a 3, and b. In vivo pulse labeling of an mto1 mutant, however, indicate increased rates of synthesis of other mitochondrial translation products. The respiratory defective phenotype of mto1 and mss1 mutants is not seen in a paromomycin-sensitive genetic background. The visible absorption spectra of such strains indicate a higher ratio of cytochromes b/a and elevated NADH- and succinate-cytochromec reductase activities. To explain these phenotypic characteristics, we proposed that the Mto1p·Mss1p complex plays a role in optimizing mitochondrial protein synthesis in yeast, possibly by a proofreading mechanism.
Function and regulation of SRBC-induced contrasuppressor T cells which modulate suppression of MOPC-315 cell secretory differentiation in vivo and in vitro.

Contrasuppression was first described as a regulatory activity which counteracted suppressive influences on helper T cells and so promoted antibody responses [I-4]. A similar activity was seen which affected cellmediated immune responsiveness [5, 6]. Subsequently, Braley-Mullen [7-9] showed that such antisuppressive activity could be directly focused on B lymphocytes. In all o f these situations, the effector cells of contrasuppression shared certain surface phenotypic markers. They all were I-J*, Vicia villosa lectin-adherent, Lyt 1", 2T cells. Some investigators, including ourselves, have found that not all o f these markers are found on all T cells which express this regulatory activity [10-12]. Indeed, the only constant marker of all contrasuppressor T cells so far described has been their adherence to F. villosa lectin-coated Petri plates. Studies of Contrasuppression in the MOPC-315 System
Depositional Framework of Sandy Mid-Fan Complexes of Tourelle Formation, Ordovician, Quebec

The Lower Ordovician Tourelle Formation was deposited on a series of small coalescing submarine fans along the eastern margin of an unstable fore-deep trough during early development of the Taconic orogeny. The following features suggest deposition within the mid-fan area: (1) a high proportion of coarse, massive sandstone layers with less amounts of shale, siltstone, and classic turbidites; (2) the presence of deep sand-filled channels; (3) association with olistostromes; (4) a pronounced segregation of coarse sandstones into amalgamated packets separated by thick muddy horizons; and (5) the presence of both thinning- and thickening-upward sequences. Sand packets are characteristic of the unchanneled mid-fan lobes. Some sandstone packets have thinning- or thickening-upward trends in layer thickness. Most, however, show no systematic layer-thickness variation. Each sandstone packet represents deposition associated with development and basinward progradation of a single mid-fan lobe complex. Lobe abandonment, caused by avulsion upfan, results in accumulation of a mud blanket on top of coarse facies of the active progradational phase. At a later time, the same part of the fan may be reoccupied, allowing deposition of yet another sand packet. Sequences deposited in mid-fan channels differ from lobe sequences in that they are coarser, contain deeper channels, lack thick mud horizons, and contain a higher percentage of asymmetric cycles which thin upward. The present submarine fan model places emphasis on thickening- or thinning-upward cycles for environmental interpretation. These asymmetric cycles are, however, uncommon in the Tourelle Formation. If flow size is controlled by a combination of external factors such as rate of sediment supply, frequency of major storms or earthquakes to initiate submarine mass flows, etc, then environmental controls on layer thickness will be masked, and recognizable asymmetric cycles will not be common. External control of layer thickness trends will not, however, affect the observed stratigraphic segregation of coarse and fine facies which characterizes the depositional lobes. This development of alternating amalgamated sandstone packets and mud blankets may be a more useful criterion for recognition of ancient mid-fan lobe sequences.
Subsurface profile refinement for neutron specular reflectivity (Invited Paper)

The importance of modeling in the analysis of neutron and x-ray reflectivity data cannot be overstated. For specular reflectivity, the theory is straightforward and one merely needs a flexible pattern for constructing density profiles. We will describe the parameters used in and the limitations of such models.
Irradiation‐Induced Enhancement of Pc 4 Fluorescence and Changes in Light Scattering are Potential Dosimeters for Pc 4‐PDT

Phthalocyanine 4 (Pc 4) is a promising photosensitizer currently in clinical trials. Photobiological responses to Pc 4 photodynamic therapy (Pc 4-PDT) have been characterized extensively, but relatively little has been done to evaluate dose metrics for this sensitizer. We describe an irradiation-induced increase in fluorescence in tumor cell monolayers. This increase is due solely to enhanced fluorescence from Pc 4, as confirmed by confocal spectroscopy. In EMT6 cells incubated with 250 nM Pc 4 for 24 h, the maximum increase in fluorescence is approximately 3.7-fold above baseline levels. This increase occurs over a range of fluences, 0.05 - 0.6 J cm -2 , where clonogenic survival decreases by 3 orders of magnitude. Light scattering measurements performed on similarly treated EMT6 cells in suspension suggested a Pc 4-PDT-mediated mitochondrial swelling of approximately 13% at 0.6 J cm -2 , where fluorescence enhancement saturates under these treatment conditions. Fluorescence imaging and light scattering experiments performed at a five-fold lower Pc 4 incubation concentration revealed a reduced fluorescence enhancement at a five-fold higher fluence, which produced comparable mitochondrial swelling. Taken together, these data suggest that Pc 4 is initially aggregated at high local concentration in mitochondria and that irradiation relaxes the quenching of Pc 4 fluorescence through a mechanism that may involve mitochondrial swelling.
Effect of an expanded physical facility on nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract Fifty-two months' data were reviewed to assess the effect of a threefold increase in space per infant in a neonatal intensive care unit on rates of nosocomial infections (NIs) and colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (39 months in a crowded 18-bed unit and 13 months in a spacious 32-bed unit). Mean length of stay, survival rates, mean birth weights, and other parameters indicated that infant populations in the old and new units were similar. NI rates were not significantly different in the old and new units (11.7% and 9.6%, respectively; p=0.17) nor were rates of colonization of anterior nares with S. aureus (11.7% and 10.7%; p=0.5). NI rates, but not S. aureus colonization rates, were significantly higher during months of high patient turnover (p Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused 20.4% of NIs in the old unit, but only 2.1% in the new unit (p
Effect of Glucose and Insulin on Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Adipose Tissue and Milk

Abstract Twelve pairs of Holstein cows were infused intravenously every 7th day with 3 liters of .9% saline or 25% glucosesaline for 24-h periods in a double reversal experiment to study the effect of glucose on lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue and milk. The mean enzyme activities ( μ eq of fatty acids released per h per g of tissue or per ml of milk) for cows during saline and glucose treatments were: 22.2 and 26.8 in the adipose tissue and 332 and 342 in milk. Blood glucose of saline and glucose-infused cows was 54.6 and 96.9 mg/100ml. Both blood glucose and lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue were higher during glucose treatment than during saline treatment and were correlated .31. After the adipose tissue biopsy at the end of the infusion, six cows received 40 to 80 IU of insulin intravenously. Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue taken 15min after insulin injection was 31 compared to 23 in the pre-insulin samples. Adipose tissue samples from two nonlactating Holstein cows were incubated for 2.5h at 38C in: (a) 5ml buffer, (b) buffer + 10mg glucose, (c) buffer + 50 mU insulin, and (d) buffer + 10mg glucose + 50 mU insulin. At the end of die incubation the mean lipoprotein lipase activities for treatments a, b, c, and d were 4.6, 7.7, 9.3, and 10.3.
Using reed-muller sequences as deterministic compressed sensing matrices for image reconstruction

An image reconstruction algorithm using compressed sensing (CS) with deterministic matrices of second-order Reed-Muller (RM) sequences is introduced. The 1D algorithm of Howard et al. using CS with RM sequences suffers significant loss in speed and accuracy when the degree of sparsity is not high, making it inviable for 2D signals. This paper describes an efficient 2D CS algorithm using RM sequences, provides medical image reconstruction examples, and compares it with the original 2DCS using noiselets. This algorithm entails several innovations that enhance its suitability for images: initial best approximation, a greedy algorithm for the nonzero locations, and a new approach in the least-squares step. These enhancements improve fidelity, execution time, and stability in the context of image reconstruction.
Semiclassical perdurance of de Sitter space

We investigate the classical and semiclassical instabilities of de Sitter space. Due to the presence of a cosmological event horizon and its associated Hawking temperature, de Sitter space might be expected to behave in some respects like flat space at finite temperature. We use the euclidean formulation of quantum gravity to show that de Sitter space does exhibit a semiclassical instability to the nucleation of black holes. We find, however, no analog to the classical instability due to gravitational clumping of thermally excited gravitons.
Design of coprime DFT arrays and filter banks

Coprime arrays offer degrees of freedom of O(MN) given O(M +N) sensors, where M and N are coprime integers. The performance of coprime arrays is based on coprime DFT filter banks (coprime DFTFBs), which cascade an M-channel DFTFB and an N-channel DFTFB to achieve MN-channel filter banks. However, practical designs of coprime DFTFBs have not been fully studied. In this paper, a systematic design is related to IFIR filter designs, based on M, N, filter orders, and peak ripples. Our design owns a parameter λ that provides tradeoffs between passbands and stopbands. A design example for different λ is also presented.1
Memory for Illocutionary Forces and Perlocutionary Effects of Utterances.

Abstract A series of experiments was carried out to examine memory for illocutionary forces and perlocutionary effects of sentences containing reported utterances. The illocutionary force of an utterance corresponds roughly to the intent of the speaker (to warn, to ask, to order). The perlocutionary effect is the effect the utterance might have on a hearer (to amaze, to bore, to frighten). Since understanding the illocutionary forces and the perlocutionary effects of utterances appears to be a central part of using language, it was hypothesized that subjects hearing sentences containing reported utterances would confuse these original sentences with new sentences containing illocutionary forces or perlocutionary effects consistent with the original sentences. The predicted effects were found in recall for illocutionary forces and in recognition memory for perlocutionary effects.
Pareto and Fascism Reconsidered

FROM TIME TO TIME various writers have linked the name of the Italian economist and sociologist, Vilfredo Pareto, with fascism. He has been portrayed by some as the ideological father of fascism ("Marx of the bourgeoisie"),' by still others as a precursor of fascism. Accordingly, it would seem well systematically to appraise Pareto's work, especially as it relates to fascist ideology. Here we will attempt this task, singling out four aspects of his work: first, his anti-intellectualism and anti-rationalism; second, his quasi-biological theory of the elite third; his vilification and hatred of democracy; and fourth, his glorification of force as an instrument of rule.
Clopidogrel treatment before coronary artery bypass graft surgery increases postoperative morbidity and blood product requirements.

Objectives: An increasing number of patients are referred for coronary artery bypass graft surgery while treated with clopidogrel. This agent inhibits the platelet P2Y12 adenosine-5′-diphosphate (ADP) receptor, which results in an inhibition of platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative clopidogrel treatment on postoperative bleeding, mortality, and morbidity in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: University hospital (single institution). Participants: One hundred forty-four patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Interventions: Seventy-two patients who received clopidogrel during the preoperative period formed the study group. Seventy-two patients (matched based on age, sex, and preoperative risk profile) served as the control group. Measurements and Main Results: Clopidogrel-treated patients received significantly more platelet (4.4 ± 5.7 v 1.3 ± 3.2 U, p < 0.001) and red blood cell (5.1 ± 4.2 v 2.6 ± 2.6 U, p < 0.001) transfusions compared with the control group. All-cause mortality and morbidity were significantly higher in clopidogrel-treated patients (n = 7, 9% v n = 1, 1%; p = 0.031). In addition, the lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital were significantly longer in these patients (2.5 ± 2.7 v 1.4 ± 0.9 days, p = 0.002; 9.9 ± 11 v 6 ± 2.5 days, p = 0.003). Despite an increased morbidity in the clopidogrel group, the midterm survival was similar between the 2 groups (1-year and 5-year survival 97% ± 2% and 95.7% ± 3% v 100% ± 0% and 87% ± 10%, respectively; p = 0.885). Conclusions: Preoperative clopidogrel is associated with increased transfusion requirement after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The present data suggest that all-cause mortality and major morbidity may also increase in these patients. In clopidogrel-treated patients, coronary artery bypass graft surgery should be delayed in the absence of specific medical indications as recommended by recent American Heart Association guidelines.
Kinetic View of the Influence of Internal Energy States on Shock Structure

The Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck (WCU) equation is numerically integrated to characterize the internal structure of Mach 3 and Mach 5 shock waves in a gas with excitation in the internal energy states for the treatment of inelastic collisions. Elastic collisions were modeled with the hard sphere collision model and the transition rates for the inelastic collisions modified appropriately using probabilities based on relative velocities of the colliding particles. The collision integral is evaluated by the conservative discrete ordinate method of Tcheremissine1, 2 developed for the Boltzmann equation. For the treatment of the diatomic molecules, the internal energy modes in the Boltzmann equation are described quantum mechanically given by the WCU equation. As a first step in the treatment of the inelastic collisions by the WCU equation, a twoand three-quantum system is considered to study the effect of the varying (1) the inelastic cross section and (2) the energy gap between the quantum energy states. Consistent results for the Mach 3 and 5 standing shock waves simulations were achieved in the study. The boundary conditions for the standing shock are obtained from modified Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions accounting for the contribution of the internal energy states. For the two level system there exists a range of temperatures, close to the maximum in the specific heat, within which an intensive population of particles from the ground level to the excited level takes place. In this range the ratio of the specific heats decreases from 5/3 approaching 3/2 resulting in substantial changes in the downstream properties.
Fact or Fiction? Children’s Preferences for Real Versus Make-Believe Stories:

Some children and adults are more drawn to the imaginary than others. Here, we examine whether developmental differences also play a role in the degree to which individuals are drawn to make-believ...
Coordinating the resource investment decision for a two-market, price-setting firm☆

Abstract We study the capacity investment decision of a two-product firm that is a price-setter for both products. The products are of varying complexities such that the resource that can be used to produce the higher level product can also be used to produce the lower level one, but not vice versa. Although the firm needs to make its capacity investment decision under demand uncertainty, it can utilize this limited (downward) resource flexibility, in addition to pricing, to more effectively match its supply with demand. As an example, consider a firm that owns a main plant, satisfying both end-product and intermediate-product demand, and a subsidiary, satisfying the intermediate-product demand only. We formulate this decision problem as a two-stage stochastic programming problem with recourse and analyze the impact of coordinated decision-making, when the resource flexibility is taken into account in the investment decision, and demand correlation on the firm's optimal investment strategy. Our results offer managerial principles on the firm's optimal resource investment strategy.
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION FOR POLLINATION LOWERS SEED PRODUCTION AND OUTCROSSING IN MIMULUS RINGENS

Sympatric plant species with similar flowering phenologies and floral mor- phologies may compete for pollination, and as a consequence potentially influence each other's reproductive success and mating system. Two likely competitors are Mimulus ringens and Lobelia siphilitica, which co-occur in wet meadows of central and eastern North Amer- ica, produce blue zygomorphic flowers, and share several species of bumble bee pollinators. To test for effects of competition for pollination, we planted experimental arrays of Mimulus ringens, each consisting of genets with unique combinations of homozygous marker ge- notypes. In two arrays we planted mixtures of Mimulus and Lobelia, and in two additional arrays we planted Mimulus without a competitor for pollination. Bumble bee pollinators frequently moved between Mimulus and Lobelia flowers in the mixed-species arrays, with 42% of plant-to-plant movements being interspecific transitions. Pollinator movements between species were associated with a reduction in the amount of conspecific pollen arriving on Mimulus stigmas. The presence of Lobelia led to a significant 37% reduction in the mean number of Mimulus seeds per fruit. In addition, Mimulus had a significantly lower rate of outcrossing in the mixed-species arrays (0.43) than in the ''pure'' arrays (0.63). This is the first study to demonstrate that competition for pollination directly in- fluences outcrossing rates. Our work suggests that in self-compatible populations with genetic load, competition for pollination may not only reduce seed quantity, but may also lower seed quality.
The structure of the fungal siderophore, isotriornicin

A siderophore isolated from Epicoccus purpurascens has been found to be an isomer of triornicin (I) which differs from I only in interchange of the positions of acetyl and (E)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentenoyl hydroxamate groups. The structure of the new compound, isotriornicin (II), was determined by spectroscopic techniques and by cleavage with methanol-ammonia to a new dihydroxamic acid (III) and N-acetyl- trans -fusarinine methyl ester (IV).
Surface-controlled Bulk Conductivity in Organic Crystals

IN an earlier paper1 experiments were described which demonstrated hole injection from unexcited and optically excited electrode layers into an adjacent anthracene crystal, resulting in a large increase in the current passing through the bulk of the crystal. In the present communication, the interaction between an optically excited anthracene crystal and its adjacent electrode is reported.
Gender specific gene–environment interactions on laboratory-assessed aggression

Abstract We examined gene–environment interactive effects on aggressive behavior among men and women genotyped (short versus long alleles) for the serotonin transporter gene. Aggressive behavior was indexed via a laboratory paradigm that measured the intensity and duration of shocks delivered to a putative “employee”. Half of the participants were exposed to a physical stressor during the procedure (stress) and half were not (no-stress). Participants’ physiological responses were gauged via acoustic startle eyeblink reactions (startle reactivity). Results were that men with the homozygous short (s/s) genotype showed increased aggression only under stress, whereas women and men carrying the long allele did not show differences in aggression in stress versus no-stress. However, although stress exposure produced increases in startle reactivity, there were no genotype or gender differences in physiology. These results replicate longitudinal research findings confirming the interactive effects of genes and environment on behavioral reactivity and on the development of externalizing psychopathological syndromes, at least in men.
The Cultural Dimensions Of Alcohol Policy Worldwide

Prologue: The complex mixture of ideology, morality, politics, and culture involved in any discussion of alcohol policy has led some to call it a “dogma-eat-dogma” world. An international symposium...
The application of recent theories in the treatment of undescended testes

Summary 1. A series of six cases with maldescent of the testes, two bilateral and four unilateral, has been presented. 2. A course of treatment which consisted of hypodermic injections of follutein and daily oral doses of thyroid and anterior pituitary extracts was administered. 3. Complete success was obtained in 50 per cent, and partial success in the remaining 50 per cent. An increase in the secondary sex characteristics was noted in all cases. 4. Surgery is indicated in unsuccessful cases when mechanical or developmental irregularities are present. This should be followed by hormone therapy. 5. Definite psychic improvement was observed in four cases. 6. In view of our encouraging results in decreasing nocturnal enuresis, we believe that further investigation should be directed toward a solution of this problem. 7. One patient in our series has been successfully treated with growth hormone
Polarization techniques in coherent Raman spectroscopy

The advantages of performing coherent Raman spectroscopy with definite input and output polarizations are reviewed. Methods are described for evaluating Raman susceptibility tensor elements, depolarization ratios and nonresonant contributions to the third order nonlinear susceptibility. A systematic development of the signal-to-noise ratio reveals the advantages of incomlete suppression of the nonresonant background signal. Results obtained using coherent Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, the Raman-induced Kerr effect and four-wave mixing are also reviewed with emphasis on liquids and solids.
Initial postoperative serum lactate levels predict survival in children after open heart surgery

To evaluate the relationship between postoperative serum lactate levels and outcome in children undergoing open heart surgery. Prospective, noninterventional study. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a university hospital. 41 nonconsecutive children who had had cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of congenital heart disease. None. Serum lactate levels were measured on admission to the PICU immediately after open heart surgery. Lactate levels were correlated with bypass and cross clamp times, estimated intraoperative blood loss, lowest temperature on bypass, admission Pediatric Risk of Mortality score, anion gap, and measures of postoperative morbidity. Mean lactate levels on admission to the PICU were 6.86±0.79 mmol/l for nonsurvivors (n=7) and 2.38±0.13 mmol/l for survivors (n=34) (p<0.0001), and 4.87±0.7 mmol/l and 2.35±0.19 mmol/l, for patients with (n=11) and without (n=30) multiple organ system failure, respectively (p<0.0001). Admission lactate levels correlated with all measurements of postoperative morbidity. A serum lactate level of greater than 4.2 mmol/l had a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 97% for postoperative death. Initial postoperative serum lactate levels after pediatric open heart surgery may be predictive of outcome. Lactate levels are also higher in patients who go on to develop multiple organ system failure. Elevated postoperative lactate levels may reflect intraoperative tissue hypoperfusion, and measures aimed at increasing oxygen delivery, with normalization of lactate, may improve patient outcome.
Effect of hyaluronidase during the early phase of acute myocardial ischemia: An ultrastructural and morphometric analysis

Hyaluronidase has been shown to reduce the size of experimental myocardial infarcts and to prevent the reduction in collateral coronary blood flow that normally occurs 15 minutes to 6 hours after coronary occlusion. To study the mechanism of action of this agent further, its effects on cardiac ultrastructure during the early phases of myocardial ischemia in the rat were examined. The left coronary artery was ligated for 1 or 3 hours in untreated and hyaluronidase-treated rats and tissue was sampled for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis, using light microscopy on 1 μ thick specimens of tissue taken from comparable anatomic sites of the ischemic anterior left ventricular wall 3 hours after occlusion, showed that in the untreated rats 80 ± 7 percent (mean ± standard error) of myocardial cells and 48 ± 8 percent of vessels had morphologic evidence of ischemic damage, whereas in treated rats 50 ± 10 percent of myocardial cells (P < 0.05) and 24 ± 6 percent (P < 0.05) of vessels had ischemic changes. Ultrastructural studies of untreated ischemic tissue at 1 hour showed absence of glycogen, nuclear chromatin clumping, intermyofibrillar edema, I bands, intramitochondrial dense bodies and edema, endothelial blebs, gaps and swelling and decreased pinocytotic vesicles, red cell sludging and microscopic foci of hemorrhage. At 3 hours myocardial cell and vascular damage were more severe. In treated animals, more myocardial and endothelial cells from the ischemic anterior ventricular wall appeared normal on electron microscopy at both times. In these animals, myocardial cells that showed ischemic damage had nuclear, mitochondrial and myofibrillar morphologic features similar to those of untreated rats, but more glycogen granules were present than in the untreated group. Hyaluronidase may protect ischemic myocardium by preserving glycogen, and its preservation of collateral flow may be related to its reduction of ischemic damage in the microvasculature.
Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Wind Turbine Blades Using Coherent Guided Waves From Diffuse Fields

Diffused acoustic fields exist during the operation in wind turbine blades because of consistent and stochastic loads and the aerodynamic noise generated from turbulent pressure fields. The Green’s function can be extracted from an ensemble average of the cross-correlations of signals recorded from two passive sensors within the diffused acoustic field. Here the wave fields reconstructed are multimodal and dispersive, which makes their extraction challenging. The causal and anti-causal Green’s function is estimated by taking the derivative of the ensemble average of cross correlation.This method was studied experimentally using a wind turbine test blade (CX-100) located at the UCSD’s Powell Structural Laboratories. A diffuse field was approximated by exciting the skin of the blade with a random signal at several locations using an electrodynamic shaker. The reconstructed Green’s function estimate is compared to experimentally measured impulse response functions. The use of various features of the reconstructed Green’s function for potential applications to structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades is discussed.© 2013 ASME
An investigation of shock-induced fracture in a lamellar eutectic two-phase metal alloy

Abstract A preliminary study of the nature of dynamic fracture in a bi-phase lamellar eutectic metal is made by a finite-difference computer code simulation. Through the simulation, the mode and location of incipient fracture are predicted and compared to experimental results. The ease where an initially planar shock pulse traveling parallel to the direction of the lamellae is considered. Incipient fracture is predicted through the use of the cumulative damage spall model, based on a maximum principle stress criterion for the damage threshold. Results of the simulation show that incipient fracture occurs in the intermetallic CoAl phase, and along the interphase boundary. Dynamic fracture experiments with soft recovery of the lamellar cobalt-aluminum eutectic using a bi-crystal have been performed. The experimental results indicate that incipient dynamic fracture occurs throughout the CoAl phase and along the interphase boundary at approximately the stress level predicted. Thus agreement between the experimental results and the simulation was achieved.
Survey for internal parasites in cattle in Kentucky (1993)

Fecal samples were examined between 17 September and 1 November 1993 from 1765 cattle (one bull, 533 cows, 474 heifers, 22 steers, and 735 calves) on pasture on 15 farms in 11 countries in Kentucky for eggs or larvae of internal parasites. All of the cattle were beef-type except for 22 which were dairy-type. In fecal samples from the bull, cows, heifers, steers, and calves, the types of helminth eggs present were trichostrongyles (excluding Nematodirus) in 0%, 25%, 31%, 86%, and 93%, Nematodirus in 0%, 0%, <1%, 0% and 34%, Strongyloides in 0%, 0%, <1%, and 7%, Trichuris in 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, and 2%, Capillaria in 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, and <1%, and Moniezia in 0%, 1%, 8%, 5%, and 21%, respectively. Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae were present in feces of calves (7%) on one farm and heifers (<1%) on another farm.
Peptidomics applied: A new strategy for development of selective antagonists/agonists of insect pyrokinin (FXPRLamide) family using a novel conformational-mimetic motif

Abstract Applied peptidomics: A PK active core analog incorporating a novel transPro conformational-mimetic motif, the dihydroimidazole moiety, was found to demonstrate pure, selective agonism in pyrokinin (PK) family bioassays. A second PK core analog incorporating the dihydroimidazole moiety proved to be an antagonist of the diapause-termination activity of another PK assay. The dihydroimidazole analogs feature a modification adjacent to the primary tissue-bound peptidase hydrolysis site that is expected to enhance biostability over natural PK peptides identified by peptidomics. The research identifies a novel scaffold to design mimetic PK analogs as potential environmentally favorable pest management agents capable of disrupting PK-regulated systems.
Interleukin-8 stimulates placental prostacyclin production in preeclampsia.

Wang Y, Baier J, Adair CD, Lewis DF, Krueger S, Kruger T, Gurski M, Brown E. Interleukin-8 stimulates placental prostacyclin production in preeclampsia. AJRI 1999; 42:375–380 © Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM: Our purpose was to determine placental interleukin (IL)-8 production and its correlation with the prostacyclin production in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies and to evaluate the beneficial effect of IL-8 on prostacyclin production. METHOD OF STUDY: We determined 1) the in vitro production of IL-8 and prostacyclin by placental villous tissues from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies and 2) the production of prostacyclin by villous tissues from preeclampsia treated with recombinant human IL-8 (rhIL-8). IL-8 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and prostacyclin by radioimmunoassay of 6-keto PGF1α, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin. RESULTS: 1) Placental production of IL-8 and 6-keto PGF1α were significantly less in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancies, P < 0.05. 2) Placental production of 6-keto PGF1α and IL-8 was significantly correlated in preeclampsia, P < 0.01. 3) Placental tissues treated with IL-8 exhibited a concentration-dependent increase in 6-keto PGF1α production. CONCLUSIONS: Placental tissues from preeclampsia produce significantly less IL-8 than tissues from normal pregnancies, which correlates with decreased prostacyclin production. IL-8 improves placental prostacyclin production in preeclampsia.
On the Almost Sure Stability of Linear Time-lag Systems with Stochastic Parameters†

ABSTRACT The stability problem associated with linear time-lag systems with stochastic parameters is considered. A sufficient condition for ensuring almost sure asymptotic stability in the largo is derived. Its application is illustrated by examples.
Theory and performance of auxiliary discharge thermionic energy converters

Abstract A theory of auxiliary discharge thermionic energy converters is presented. This theory permits the prediction of a converter's I – V characteristics as functions of auxiliary discharge current, auxiliary discharge voltage and geometry. It also permits the prediction of the resistive voltage drop across the plasma as a function of load current. Measurements of auxi iary discharge converter I – V characteristics were performed with auxiliary discharge current and voltage as parameters. These measurements are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. The relatively low auxiliary discharge currents, low auxiliary discharge powers, and low plasma resistivities observed in these experiments are found to be consistent with the theory.
Volume holographic memory systems: techniques and architectures

Although the concept of using multiplexed holography for data storage has been considered for some time, recent advances in several critical device technologies along with developments in storage materials have greatly enhanced the likelihood of successful implementations. We review several basic architectural concepts along with various multiplexing options and associated techniques for holographic data storage.
Right and Left Ventricular Planimetry in Newborns Treated with Inhaled Nitric Oxide † 1639

Planimetry was performed by two-dimensional echocardiography in 33 newborns with lung disease and pulmonary hypertension who were treated with inhaled nitric oxide to determine the influence of therapy on right and left ventricular size and function. The area of each ventricle was measured during diastole and systole from apical 4-chamber images before and after (30-60 minutes) the onset of 20 parts per million inhaled nitric oxide. Areas were indexed according to patient weight. Ventricular function was determined by(diastolic area-systolic area)/diastolic area. The severity of pulmonary hypertension was evaluated by Doppler echocardiography. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error, * p <0.05. Results: There were no changes in heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and right or left ventricular function. However, nitric oxide acutely decreased the oxygenation index (53± 5 vs. 30 ± 3*), the proportion of right to left ductal shunt(nonrestrictive ductus arteriosus, n=22; 0.60 ± 0.06 vs. 0.31 ± 0.06*), the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (closed or restrictive ductus arteriosus, n=11; 71 ± 8 vs. 50 ± 7, mmHg*), and the indexed right ventricular diastolic (0.84 ± 0.04 vs 0.75 ± 0.03, cm2/kg*) and systolic (0.62 ± 0.04 vs 0.55 ± 0.03, cm2/kg*) areas. Baseline heart rate, blood pressure, blood gases, and Doppl. Baseline left ventricular function (0.28 ± 0.03, n=8 vs. 0.39± 0.02, n=25*) was less in patients who developed an increase in left ventricular diastolic area following nitric oxide inhalation. Conclusions and speculation: Oxygenation and pulmonary hemodynamics improve after nitric oxide inhalation in newborns with lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. This results in a decrease in right ventricular size; however, patients may develop an increase in left ventricular size if left ventricular function is decreased.
When is an almost monochromatic k4 guaranteed

Suppose that n > (log k)ck, where c is a fixed positive constant. We prove that, no matter how the edges of Kn are coloured with k colours, there is a copy of K4 whose edges receive at most two colours. This improves the previous best bound of kc′k, where c′ is a fixed positive constant, which follows from results on classical Ramsey numbers.
Compressible Wall-Injection Flows in Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Regimes: Numerical Prediction

Numerical simulations of compressible rocket flows are conducted in laminar, transitional, and turbulent regimes. The laminar simulation is carried out on a planar rocket flow without nozzle using the unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes system. The transitional and turbulent flows are performed in three-dimensional on an extended rocket geometry with a divergent outlet using compressible large eddy simulation (LES) models. In both cases, the compressibility effect plays an important role. In the laminar case, pressure oscillation is forced at the outflow boundary. The time-averaged part of the solution is compared with the inviscid theory of compressible rocket flow of Balakrishnan et al. (Balakrishnan, G., Linan, A., and Williams F. A., "Compressibility Effects in Thin Channels with Injection," AIAA Journal, Vol.29, No. 12, 1991, pp. 2149-2154) and the oscillatory part with the acoustic layer model of Majdalani and Van Moorhem (Majdalani, J., and Van Moorhem, W. K., "Improved Time-Dependent Flowfield Solution for Solid Rocket Motors," AIAA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 2, 1998, pp. 241-248). The mean flow from the present numerical result is in better agreement with the compressible theory than the conventional Taylor's profiles (Taylor, G. I., "Fluid Flow in Regions Bounded by Porous Surfaces," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 234, 1956, pp. 456-475), as expected. The oscillatory part of the flow agrees well in the first quarter of the axial extent, near the head end. Farther downstream, the discrepancies develop rapidly between the numerical result and the acoustic-layer model. Possible causes of the difference are the effect of compressibility, which alters the local speed of sound, hence, acoustic properties, and the interference of hydrodynamic instabilities. In the transition and turbulent regimes, the dynamic LES model is applied on different resolutions. The measurements data of Traineau et al. (Traineau, J. C., Hervat, P., and Kuentzmann, P., "Cold Flow Simulation of a Two Dimensional Nozzleless Solid Rocket Motor," AIAA Paper 86-1447, June 1986) are employed for comparison purposes. The refinement study by comparison with the measurement data suggests the importance of resolving the laminar and transition region for a reliable application of LES in transitional flows. With the consideration of this aspect, LES with efficient grid size can produce resonable accuracy. Forcing hydrodynamic instabilities and a more realistic injection fluctuations model are recommended.
A cautionary note on predicting behavioral treatment outcome

Miller and Gottlieb's (1974) Responsivity Index for Parents (RIP) as a predictor of behavioral treatment outcomes is discussed. It is argued that the 91% hit rate claimed for RIP was obtained in an inappropriately comprised cross-validation sample. However, reanalyses of the data in an appropriate cross-validation sample do provide tentative support for the validity of RIP.
Reduced inspiratory drive following laryngeal chemoreflex apnea during hypoxia

Respiratory inhibition following laryngeal water administration was investigated by breath-by-breath analysis of inspiratory ventilation (VI) and central inspiratory drive (P0.1) in 15 unanesthetized lambs studied in 0.21 FIO2 (PaO2: 82-92 torr, PaCO2 41-43 torr) and in 0.1 FIO2 (Pao2 30-34 torr, PaCO2 32-33 torr). During the 30 sec period after stimulation, VI decreased significantly compared to prestimulation levels both in 0.21 FIO2 (-22, -21 and -18%) and in 0.1 FI(O2), (-16, -23 and -19%) at 5, 16 and 29 days, respectively. In contrast, P0.1 remained at prestimulation levels during normoxia in all age groups (1, 10 and 9%, NS), but decreased significantly during hypoxia (-11 and -13%, P < 0.05) at 16 and 29 days, respectively. Poststimulation apnea duration was significantly related to the decrease in VI (P < 0.001) but not to the change in P0.1. Laryngeal stimulation during hypoxemia/hypocapnia induces a prolonged decrease of central inspiratory drive in postneonatal lambs, a finding of potential significance for the mechanisms of sudden infant death syndrome.
Successful percutaneous drainage of duodenal hematoma after blunt trauma

Duodenal hematoma after blunt trauma is usually treated nonoperatively with bowel rest, nasogastric tube suction, and intravenous hydration. We report a case in which obstructive symptoms persisted despite more than 2 weeks of conservative management. An ultrasound-guided percutaneous drain was placed, with successful resolution of symptoms.
Age-Related Changes in Visual Tracking

Background To reassess conflicting findings in earlier studies on the effect of aging on smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements, we compared visual tracking in a large number of elderly normal subjects aged 75 to 93 years and a group of young adults aged 18 to 43 years. Methods Saccades and smooth pursuit were induced by a laser target projected onto a screen. Eye movements were recorded with electrooculography and analyzed with a digital computer. Results Smooth pursuit gain was significantly decreased at all target velocities in the older subjects, and the difference between young and old increased with increasing target velocity and acceleration. Peak saccade velocity was significantly slower for amplitudes exceeding 20 degrees, and saccadic reaction times were prolonged in older subjects compared with younger subjects. Mean saccade accuracy was not significantly different between age groups. Within tests, variability increased with aging for smooth pursuit, saccadic reaction time, and saccadic accuracy measurements. Conclusion The increased intratest variability in older subjects probably resulted from nonspecific changes in alertness and attention commonly occurring with aging, whereas the decreased gain of smooth pursuit and saccades with increasing stimulus magnitude most likely resulted from age-related neural degeneration in specific visuomotor pathways.
Common Task and Uncommon Knowledge: Dissenting Voices in the Discursive Construction of Physics Across Small Laboratory Groups

In this article, we investigate the multiple roles of dissenting voices in conversations for four Grade 12 physics laboratory student groups. The theoretical orientation draws from sociolinguistics and ethnography to construct a framework for examining the discursive practices of students using microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) data acquisition technologies. The empirical analysis considers the ways each of the four groups negotiated an understanding of a common task involving computer representations of oscillatory motion. The analyses show how the construction of physics tasks by the different student groups involved more than doing, talking, and knowing physics; it also involved establishing and maintaining positions and relationships within the group, negotiating what counts as an appropriate contribution to the developing text, and defining the limits and direction of the task. Results show how a common task led to differential contexts for learning physics, to the construction of different public texts, and to the development of different opportunities for learning physics. In particular, student take up of dissenting positions to group decisions is presented as a way of understanding the differential influence of individual contributions to group interpretations.