cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Circadian Rhythmicity and Homeostatic Stability in Thermoregulation

Stability and circadian variation in core body temperature (Tc) were believed to be homeostatic responses until well into the 20th century. Defense of a narrow thermoneutral range was well documented, whereas circadian oscillations were attributed to episodic biochemical and environmental stimuli or chronological stressors in life routines. Research in thermal physiology has illuminated several of the "black boxes" in the understanding of temperature regulation, and advances in chronobiology have shattered old paradigms. While these discoveries are still evolving, existing information provides valuable clues about physiological responses to heat loss or over-heating that could improve clinical assessment and intervention. Discoveries that circadian rhythm of Tc is regulated by an endogenous "clock" and is remarkably stable have helped to make it the most widely used circadian indicator. More recently, Tc was found to exert its own cyclic rhythm under free-running conditions. While some investigators claim that circadian and homeostatic processes are independent, there are conditions in which clinical distinctions are less clear. This overview reviews contemporary scientific findings about circadian and homeostatic processes in thermoregulation. Examples are drawn from human and animal research. Physiological responses and mechanisms are explained in relation to their relevance to clinical treatment or health care. Gaps in existing research and application are discussed.
ANTI-ASTHMATIC PROPERTIES OF A NEW PERORAL DRUG (HC 20–511.)

A clinical trial was performed with a new substance (HC 20-511) derived from the cycloheptothiophene group used in the management of asthma. Twenty-four asthma patients were treated at random, with HC 20-511 or placebo or the antihistaminic substance, clemastin (Tavegyl). A statistical evaluation of the results unequivocally demonstrates good protection with a single dose of 2.0 mg or two times 1.0 mg for 3 days against a challenging antigen, compared with the placebo or the antihistaminic agent. Tolerance was excellent.
Genomic characterization of a novel avian arthritis orthoreovirus variant by next-generation sequencing

By using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we have identified a divergent avian orthoreovirus (ARV) field variant (Reo/PA/Broiler/15511/13, or PA15511), isolated from broiler chickens with viral arthritis in Pennsylvania in 2013. The complete genome of the PA15511 field strain was 23,495 bp in length with 10 dsRNA segments encoding 12 viral proteins. The lengths of the genomic segments ranged from 1192 bp (S4) to 3958 bp (L1). Genomic analysis has revealed that this virus is distinct from reference ARV strains and meets criteria for a new or novel strain.
[13C]Aminopyrine breath test detects altered liver metabolism caused by low-dose oral contraceptives.

The [13C]aminopyrine breath test measures hepatic mixed function oxidase activity. The cumulative percent dose recovered over 2 hr is a sensitive indicator of hepatic dysfunction; values ≤7.0% have been shown to indicate severe liver disease. Previous studies have suggested that the test results may be influenced by the use of oral contraceptive steroids. We compared the results from five non-oral contraceptive-using women with those from 31 women whose duration of oral contraceptive steroid usage ranged from 4 to 204 months. The women were taking one of four oral contraceptive formulations that differed in the amounts of estrogen (20, 35, or 50 μg with 1 mg progesterone) and progesterone (35 μg estrogen with stepped levels of progesterone of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg). The [13C]aminopyrine breath test was performed on days 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle. Cumulative percent dose recovery values among the normal menstrual cycle of non-oral contraceptive steroid-using women were 12.1±1.6 and 11.8±1.5% (mean±sd). In contrast, oral contraceptive steroid users showed a marked reduction in cumulative percent dose recovery at 21 days, averaging 6.1±2.3% (P<0.001), and returned to normal values (10.2±3.6%) at 28 days in most women (seven days after oral contraceptive steroid usage was paused). The adverse impact on hepatic mixed function oxidase by oral contraceptive formulations did not differ on the basis of estrogen or progesterone content. The adverse impact of oral contraceptive usage on the mixed function oxidase activity measured by the [13C]aminopyrine breath test must be considered for women of childbearing potential.
The Ubuntu Chat Corpus for Multiparticipant Chat Analysis

We present the Ubuntu Chat Corpus as a data source for multiparticipant chat analysis. This addresses the problem of the lack of a large, publicly suitable corpora for research in this medium. The advantages of using this corpus for research is its large number of chat messages, its multiple languages, its technical nature, and all of the original chat messages are in the public domain.
Independence and interaction: understanding seniors' privacy and awareness needs for aging in place

As America's baby boom population gets older, aging in place -- the idea that seniors can remain independent in a comfortable home environment while being monitored and receiving care from family and caregivers living elsewhere -- has received significant attention. Fostering a sense of independence while simultaneously enabling monitoring and frequent interaction can seem paradoxical, however. This raises questions of how we can design technologies that help seniors retain their independence and a sense of comfort, while still interacting with and being monitored regularly by others. We present results from an interview study of 30 seniors, caregivers and relatives in which we sought to understand how they managed their interactions, availability, privacy and independence. Results suggest that they rely on attributes of the physical environment, temporal structures such as routine conversations and activities, and technological mediation.
Resilience in Nurses: An Integrative Review

Aim To describe nursing research that has been conducted to understand the phenomenon of resilience in nurses. Background Resilience is the ability to bounce back or cope successfully despite adverse circumstances. Nurses deal with modern-day problems that affect their abilities to remain resilient. Nursing administrators/managers need to look for solutions not only to recruit nurses, but to become knowledgeable about how to support and retain nurses. Evaluation A comprehensive search was undertaken for nursing research conducted between 1990 and 2011. Key search terms were nurse, resilience, resiliency and resilient. Whittemore and Knafl's integrative approach was used to conduct the methodological review. Key issues Challenging workplaces, psychological emptiness, diminishing inner balance and a sense of dissonance are contributing factors for resilience. Examples of intrapersonal characteristics include hope, self-efficacy and coping. Cognitive reframing, toughening up, grounding connections, work-life balance and reconciliation are resilience building strategies. Conclusion This review provides information about the concept of resilience. Becoming aware of contributing factors to the need for resilience and successful strategies to build resilience can help in recruiting and retaining nurses. Implications for nursing management Understanding the concept of resilience can assist in providing support and developing programmes to help nurses become and stay resilient.
Clinical characteristics and management of wound foreign bodies in the ED.

Abstract Objectives Wound foreign body (FB) management is challenging. Little data exist describing ED management. We sought to describe case characteristics and ED management of wound FBs. Methods Retrospective case series of all patients with ICD-9 code diagnosis of wound FB over 4 years in 2 EDs. Results Four hundred ninety cases met inclusion criteria. A total of 75.6% presented within 48 hours of injury. Wounds from foreign material or stepping on something accounted for two thirds of the mechanisms. Most were wood, metal, or glass. Diagnosis was primarily by physical exam with exploration (77.6%; 95% confidence interval, 73.4%-81.5%), but 22.4% (95% confidence interval, 18.5-26.6%) were only diagnosed radiographically. X-rays missed 25% of glass and 93% of wood FBs. Eighty-nine percent were removed in the ED. Consultation was uncommon (9.6%). Conclusions Most, but not all, patients with wound FBs presented within 48 hours of injury and had suspicious complaints or mechanisms. Diagnosis was usually clinical but sometimes only by radiography. Radiographs were not sufficiently sensitive to reliably detect wood and glass. Most FBs were successfully removed without specialty consultation.
Temperature distribution descriptor for robust 3D shape retrieval

Recent developments in acquisition techniques are resulting in a very rapid growth of the number of available three dimensional (3D) models across areas as diverse as engineering, medicine and biology. It is therefore of great interest to develop the efficient shape retrieval engines that, given a query object, return similar 3D objects. The performance of a shape retrieval engine is ultimately determined by the quality and characteristics of the shape descriptor used for shape representation. In this paper, we develop a novel shape descriptor, called temperature distribution (TD) descriptor, which is capable of exploring the intrinsic geometric features on the shape. It intuitively interprets the shape in an isometrically-invariant, shape-aware, noise and small topological changes insensitive way. TD descriptor is driven by by heat kernel. The TD descriptor understands the shape by evaluating the surface temperature distribution evolution with time after applying unit heat at each vertex. The TD descriptor is represented in a concise form of a one dimensional (1D) histogram, and captures enough information to robustly handle the shape matching and retrieval process. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of TD descriptor within applications of 3D shape matching and searching for the models at different poses and various noise levels.
Performance of FDDI used in network interconnections

File transfer performances in a high-speed backbone token ring are studied in this paper. Two token holding strategies, namely the single and the exhaustive service disciplines, are used for packet transmission. An M/G/1 vacation model is employed in obtaining expressions of file transfer delays in both schemes. The average file transfer delays of the two service schemes are compared for both balanced and unbalanced traffics. The results can be used to analyze the performance of FDDI backbones. >
Arctic Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties Derived from Surface-Based Sensors at SHEBA

Arctic mixed-phase cloud macro- and microphysical properties are derived from a year of radar, lidar, microwave radiometer, and radiosonde observations made as part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) Program in the Beaufort Sea in 1997–98. Mixed-phase clouds occurred 41% of the time and were most frequent in the spring and fall transition seasons. These clouds often consisted of a shallow, cloud-top liquid layer from which ice particles formed and fell, although deep, multilayered mixed-phase cloud scenes were also observed. On average, individual cloud layers persisted for 12 h, while some mixed-phase cloud systems lasted for many days. Ninety percent of the observed mixed-phase clouds were 0.5–3 km thick, had a cloud base of 0–2 km, and resided at a temperature of 25° to 5°C. Under the assumption that the relatively large ice crystals dominate the radar signal, ice properties were retrieved from these clouds using radar reflectivity measurements. The annual average ice particle mean diameter, ice water content, and ice water path were 93 m, 0.027 g m 3 , and 42 g m 2 , respectively. These values are all larger than those found in single-phase ice clouds at SHEBA. Vertically resolved cloud liquid properties were not retrieved; however, the annual average, microwave radiometer–derived liquid water path (LWP) in mixed-phase clouds was 61 g m 2 . This value is larger than the average LWP observed in single-phase liquid clouds because the liquid water layers in the mixed-phase clouds tended to be thicker than those in all-liquid clouds. Although mixed-phase clouds were observed down to temperatures of about 40°C, the liquid fraction (ratio of LWP to total condensed water path) increased on average from zero at 24°C to one at 14°C. The observations show a range of 25°C at any given liquid fraction and a phase transition relationship that may change moderately with season.
Rapid behavioural diagnosis of domoic acid toxicosis in California sea lions

Domoic acid is a neurotoxic metabolite of widely occurring algal blooms that has caused multiple marine animal stranding events. Exposure to high doses of domoic acid, a glutamate agonist, may lead to persistent medial temporal seizures and damage to the hippocampus. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are among the most visible and frequent mammalian victims of domoic acid poisoning, but rapid, reliable diagnosis in a clinical setting has proved difficult owing to the fast clearance of the toxin from the blood stream. Here, we show that the behavioural orienting responses of stranded sea lions diagnosed with domoic acid toxicosis habituate more slowly to a series of non-aversive auditory stimuli than do those of sea lions with no apparent neurological deficits. A signal detection analysis based on these habituation measures was able to correctly identify 50 per cent of subjects with domoic acid toxicosis while correctly rejecting approximately 93 per cent of controls, suggesting potential diagnostic merit.
Predicting surgical intervention for airway obstruction in micrognathic infants.

ObjectiveTo determine which factors present in the neonatal period may predict subsequent need for surgical intervention in infants with micrognathia.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTwo, urban, tertiary pediatric hospitals.Subjects and MethodsThe otolaryngology databases from 2 institutions were queried for the diagnosis of micrognathia over a 10-year period, and 123 infants were identified (101 with Pierre Robin sequence and 21 with micrognathia without cleft palate). The presence or absence of surgical airway intervention during the first year of life was noted, as were associated diagnoses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for requiring a definitive airway intervention.ResultsForty-eight (39%) micrognathic children required definitive airway intervention during infancy in this series. These interventions came in the form of either tracheostomy (12 patients), mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO; 33 patients) or prolonged intubation prior ...
Inhibition of microglial inflammatory responses by norepinephrine: effects on nitric oxide and interleukin-1β production

Background: Under pathological conditions, microglia produce proinflammatory mediators which contribute to neurologic damage, and whose levels can be modulated by endogenous factors including neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE). We investigated the ability of NE to suppress microglial activation, in particular its effects on induction and activity of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and the possible role that IL-1β plays in that response. Methods: Rat cortical microglia were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce NOS2 expression (assessed by nitrite and nitrate accumulation, NO production, and NOS2 mRNA levels) and IL-1β release (assessed by ELISA). Effects of NE were examined by co-incubating cells with different concentrations of NE, adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists, cAMP analogs, and protein kinase (PK) A and adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitors. Effects on the NFκB:IκB pathway were examined by using selective a NFκB inhibitor and measuring IκBα protein levels by western blots. A role for IL-1β in NOS2 induction was tested by examining effects of caspase-1 inhibitors and using caspase-1 deficient cells. Results: LPS caused a time-dependent increase in NOS2 mRNA levels and NO production; which was blocked by a selective NFκB inhibitor. NE dose-dependently reduced NOS2 expression and NO generation, via activation of β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs), and reduced loss of inhibitory IkBα protein. NE effects were replicated by dibutyryl-cyclic AMP. However, co-incubation with either PKA or AC inhibitors did not reverse suppressive effects of NE, but instead reduced nitrite production. A role for IL-1β was suggested since NE potently blocked microglial IL-1β production. However, incubation with a caspase-1 inhibitor, which reduced IL-1β levels, had no effect on NO production; incubation with IL-receptor antagonist had biphasic effects on nitrite production; and NE inhibited nitrite production in caspase-1 deficient microglia. Conclusions: NE reduces microglial NOS2 expression and IL-1β production, however IL-1β does not play a critical role in NOS2 induction nor in mediating NE suppressive effects. Changes in magnitude or kinetics of cAMP may modulate NOS2 induction as well as suppression by NE. These results suggest that dysregulation of the central cathecolaminergic system may contribute to detrimental inflammatory responses and brain damage in neurological disease or trauma.
Smart Technology and the Moral Life

Smart technology is recording and nudging our intuitive and behavioral reactions in ways that are not fully shaped by our conscious ethical reasoning and so are altering our social and moral worlds. Beyond reasons to worry, there are also reasons to embrace this technology for nudging human behavior toward prosocial activity. This article inquires about four ways that smart technology is shaping the individual moral life: the persuasive effect of promptware, our newly evolving experiences of embodiment, our negotiations with privacy, and our experiences of risk and serendipity.
The FIFA World Cup and Dysfunctional Television Distribution in the United States

This paper examines television distribution of FIFA World Cup events in the United States and compares the costs of television coverage in the United States with costs elsewhere in the world. The article explains how the current system of bundled distribution of television channels for pay TV viewers contributes to the high payments made by US viewers relative to non-US viewers. It explores various possible remedies that could lead to more competitive and consumer-friendly options for US viewers to watch FIFA events, other sporting events, and other video programming.
Emerging role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of lymphoma.

PURPOSEThe results of laparoscopic procedures on patients with suspected or known lymphoma were analyzed to review the application and define the role of laparoscopy in lymphoma.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe hospital records of 94 patients who underwent 101 procedures between June 1993 and October 1996 were reviewed for demographic and clinicopathologic information.RESULTSThe procedure was diagnostic in 85 patients, either at primary presentation (48 patients), possible relapse (21 patients), in the course of treatment (eight patients), or of a liver lesion (eight patients). In the remaining 16 patients, it was used to stage possible intraabdominal disease. Twenty-seven patients had a previous unsuccessful diagnostic procedure. There were no operative deaths and eight postoperative complications (8%). The laparoscopy revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in 48 patients, Hodgkin's disease (HD) in 14 patients, other neoplastic conditions in six patients, and benign conditions in 33 patients. There was adequate in...
The Technic of the Wassermann Reaction with Reference to Thomas and Ivy's Method of Complement Dosage and to the Management of Natural Antisheep Amboceptor

Thomas and Ivy1 have recently proposed a method for increasing the delicacy of the Wassermann reaction. Their method consists of the use of the minimum amount of complement and amboceptor which will give complete hemolysis in the presence of the proper quantity of antigen and of (pooled) negative serum. They make no reference to the occurrence of natural antisheep amboceptor in the human serum which was added in titrating the complement. It attempting to test their method we have found that this may occasionally lead to error. Many authors have referred to the frequent occurrence of natural antisheep amboceptor in appreciable amounts in human serum. The well-known modifications of Bauer,2 as well as those of Hecht and Weinberg and others, take advantage of this and the substitutes for the Wassermann method, such as that of Noguchi, are devised chiefly to eliminate the error caused by it. The occasional occurrence of a great excess of such natural amboceptor is also well recognized.3 We have found in 2,158 tests that 955 sera (44 percent) had an appreciable amount of natural amboceptor and that 476 sera (21 percent) had sufficient to produce complete laking without further addition of amboceptor. Thus, a number of negative sera pooled at random almost always have some natural amboceptor, and we have occasionally found that such pooled sera had so much natural amboceptor that complete hemolysis occurred without the addition of artificial amboceptor. It is obvious (from the law of inverse ratios of Morgenroth and Sachs4) that under these circumstances the complement titration would give too
Analysis on epidemic trend and features of measles in Zhouzhi County of Xi'an City during 2001-2009.

[Objective]To understand the epidemic trend and features of measles in Zhouzhi County of Xi'an City during 2001 - 2009.[Methods]Epidemic data were collected from Notifiable Diseases Reporting System Network and Measles Surveillance System. Capture ELISA method was adopted to detect measles IgM antibody. The diagnosis was based on " Xi'an Measles surveillance Program" . The data were analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 12. 0.[Results]A total of 135 cases of measles were reported in Zhouzhi County in 9 years,without death case. The average incidence was 2. 36 /100 000,and the incidence trend showed significant periodicity. The peak incidence appeared in 2001,2005 and 2009. The highest incidence rate was 9. 66 /100 000 in 2009,and the inci- dence fluctuated from 0. 32 /100 000 to 0. 64 /100 000 in other years,with cycle interval of 3 years (P 0. 05) . 24 cases (17. 78%) were infants 8 months; 61 (45. 19%) were children aged 8 months to 3 years; 115 with age 15 years; the difference of age structure between different years was significant (χ2 = 91. 0350,P 0. 01) . The ratio of male to female incidence was 2. 0∶ 1. 90 cases (66. 67% ) occurred in summer,followed by spring with 34 cases (25. 19% ) ,autumn and winter; the differences between seasons were significant( χ2 = 35. 2620,P 0. 01) . All 22 villages and towns had reported measles cases,most cases ( 80 cases,accounting for 59. 26% ) distributed in plain areas,followed by county areas ( 50 cases,accounting for 37. 04% ) and moun- tainous areas ( 5 cases,accounting for 3. 70% ) ; the highest incidence appeared in county areas,followed by mountainous areas and plain areas,the differences were not significant by χ2 test. 75 cases(55. 56% ) had no history of measles immunization,7 cases (5. 19%) had unknown inoculation history,32 cases (23. 70%) had full course of immunization. The differences of immunization history and incidence between years were significant (χ2 = 35. 2620,P 0. 01) .[Conclusion]The key to control and elimination of measles is increasing measles immunization rate and successful vaccination rate.
What is and what will be the need for formally educated optometric technicians

The number of two-year degree optometric technician programs has drastically decreased in recent years. The main reasons are budget cuts common to higher education institutions and low enrollments. Two explanations for difficulty in maintaining full enrollments are lack of career awareness and low salaries. Are optometrists in private practice aware of this decrease and do they realize how much more difficult it will be in the future to hire formally educated employees? The optometric profession should evaluate its future personnel needs and address how those needs will be met. Time is of the essence since many of the remaining programs face a great risk of closing.
Experimental study of an in-service spread slab beam bridge

Abstract A new class of spread slab beam bridges has recently been developed and implemented in Texas. Due to the absence of appropriate design guidelines, moment and shear design actions have been based on those used for spread box beam bridges; however, their applicability remains in question. To develop new criteria, the load distribution behavior of this new bridge system is investigated. Comprehensive static and dynamic tests are performed on an in-service spread slab beam bridge located on US 69 in the city of Denison, Texas. Various experimental methods are used to infer the moments and shears resisted by individual beams that arise from a heavily loaded truck. Experimentally derived load distribution factors (LDFs) are compared with refined finite element model predictions. Satisfactory agreement is obtained. The experimental test results indicate that the existence of a sidewalk and guardrail markedly stiffens the structure leading to higher than expected moment values. The observed bridge responses under moving dynamic loads exceed the present design specifications impact factor of 33%. Thus, for service load design it is recommended the allowable tensile stress be slightly reduced.
The laparoscopic approach for repair of indirect inguinal hernias in infants and children.

Repair of an indirect inguinal hernia is one of the most common operations performed around the world by pediatric surgeons. Until the last 15 years, most inguinal hernia repairs were performed using an inguinal crease incision and extraperitoneal ligation of the patent processes vaginalis. However, since 2000, the laparoscopic approach has gained popularity and there have been increasing descriptions about various techniques for laparoscopic hernia (LH) repair. At our institution, we have transitioned the majority of inguinal hernia repairs to the laparoscopic approach. In this article, we will describe the technique that is utilized at Children’s Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri (USA) and express our thoughts on the current debate regarding laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair in infants and children.
Public sector research in accounting: a review and synthesis

Accounting researchers have performed many studies related to public sector budgeting and financial management. Public sector accounting research seeks to explain the role of accounting and auditing in the public sector. For example, researchers examine issues such as (1) the use of accounting information by elected officials, (2) the demand for auditing, and (3) the determination of bond ratings. This review of the public sector accounting literature describes some of the theoretical foundations utilized in public sector accounting research and reviews a sample of selected empirical studies.
Zygomaticomaxillary Morphology and Maxillary Sinus Form and Function: How Spatial Constraints Influence Pneumatization Patterns among Modern Humans

Previous research has suggested that the maxillary sinuses may act as “zones of accommodation” for the nasal region, minimizing the impact of climatic-related changes in nasal cavity breadth on surrounding skeletal structures. However, a recent study among modern human crania has identified that, in addition to nasal cavity breadth, sinus morphology also tracks lateral facial form, especially anterior-posterior positioning of the zygomatics. Here, we expand upon this previous study to further investigate these covariation patterns by employing three samples with distinct combinations of nasal and zygomatic morphologies: Northern Asians (n = 28); sub-Saharan Africans (n = 30); and Europeans (n = 29). For each cranium, 30 landmarks were digitized from CT-rendered models and subsequently assigned to either a midfacial or maxillary sinus “block.” Two block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analyses indicate that sinus morphology primarily reflects superior-inferior dimensions of the midface, rather than either nasal cavity breadth or zygomatic position. Specifically, individuals with relatively tall midfacial skeletons exhibit more inferiorly and laterally expanded sinuses compared to those with shorter midfaces. Further, separate across-group and within-group 2B-PLS analyses indicate that regional differences between samples primarily build upon a common pattern of midfacial and sinus covariation already present within each regional group. Allometry, while present, only explains a small portion of the midface-sinus covariation pattern. We conclude that previous findings of larger maxillary sinuses among cold-adapted individuals are not predominantly due to possession of relatively narrow nasal cavities, but to greater maxillary and zygomatic heights. Implications for sinus function and midfacial ontogeny are discussed. Anat Rec, 300:209–225, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract 5517: Polymeric nanogel-based treatment regimen for enhanced efficacy and sequential administration of synergistic drug combination in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, due to aggressive tumorigenicity, early metastasis and development of drug resistance to standard care chemotherapy. Since its approval in 1997, Gemcitabine has been the first-line treatment for advanced disease. However, there is no standard second-line therapy after Gemcitabine failure. The combination of Gemcitabine with Cisplatin (CDDP) has been explored in clinical trials for metastatic disease and our preliminary in vitro studies with the free drugs on T3M4 Simple Cells (COSMC deleted cells) showed that synergy of the combination is schedule-dependent, and Gemcitabine administration followed by CDDP showed the most potent cytotoxic activity. However, this combination proved to be only marginally effective in actual practice due to combined increased toxicity of both the agents. We have shown that encapsulation of CDDP in polymeric nanogels with cross-linked ionic cores enhanced its tumor accumulation and improved its safety profile. Additionally, sustained release profile of CDDP from nanogels allows for the administration of free Gemcitabine and CDDP loaded nanogels in a single injection while still retaining schedule-dependent synergy of the combination. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells are known to express truncated O-glycans (Tn and STn antigens) and it is anticipated that decorating the nanogels with an antibody directed against this antigen will further enhance their uptake by tumor cells while reducing off-target accumulation. Citation Format: Kruti S. Soni, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Prakash Radhakrishnan, Tatiana K. Bronich. Polymeric nanogel-based treatment regimen for enhanced efficacy and sequential administration of synergistic drug combination in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5517
HCI themes for the future: collaborative design, social creativity, and meta-design

The participants will be acquainted with HCI themes for the future. These themes will be instantiated with new conceptual frameworks and illustrated with innovative systems. The presentation will be linked as much as possible to the concerns and experiences of the participants. The objective of the tutorial is to provide the participants with opportunities to think differently about the future challenges facing HCI research and practice and to illustrate with concrete examples how these challenges can be addressed. The tutorial will focus on three major themes: (1) design, specifically collaborative design and an assessment of different design methodologies (including: user-centered design, learner-centered design, and participatory design); (2) social creativity which is required because complex design problems transcend the unaided, individual human mind; and (3) meta-design which creates environments involving users as active contributors rather than as passive consumers. The themes of the tutorial will be illustrated with specific theoretical frameworks and innovative systems developed by the presenter and his colleagues and other research groups working on these topics. The relevance of these themes has been demonstrated by their impact on research, education, and design practices in companies, educational institutions, and research organizations with which we have collaborated.
Does Endothelium Buffer Fat

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the metabolic gatekeepers of the body. All tissues require nutrients for growth and function, and those nutrients must pass the endothelial layer. In some tissues like the liver, the endothelium is discontinuous and marked by “fenestrae” (from the Latin for “window”), dedicated transcellular openings that allow free movement of nutrients. But in most tissues such as the heart, muscle, and brain, endothelia lack fenestrae, and nutrients must traverse the endothelial wall directly. The list of nutrients that must do so is long and includes sugars, amino acids, and fats. Of those, the latter have received the least attention, although organs like the heart consume copious fatty acids for the generation of ATP. Article, see p 1289 Fatty acids travel the blood stream largely in 2 forms: esterified as triglycerides in lipoprotein particles, including chylomicrons and VLDL (very-low–density lipoprotein), or unesterified and noncovalently bound to albumin. Esterified fatty acids are liberated by lipoprotein lipase, which, importantly, is located on the luminal side of the endothelium. Therefore, all fatty acids must traverse the endothelial layer before reaching underlying parenchyma. Recent work has demonstrated that paracrine factors, both proteins and metabolites, secreted by parenchymal cells can promote adjacent endothelium to transport fats. For example, VEGFB (vascular endothelial growth factor B), a VEGF family member, is secreted from fat-consuming oxidative skeletal and heart muscles to promote transendothelial fat transport, thereby coordinating myocyte metabolism with nutrient delivery.1 Similarly, 3-hydroxy-isobutyrate, a metabolite of valine catabolism, is secreted from skeletal muscle to promote transendothelial fatty acid transport, and it may contribute to muscle lipotoxicity and insulin resistance.2 How does the endothelium handle and transport fats in response to these and other signals? Surprisingly little is known about how this process inside ECs occurs. Several mechanisms have been proposed: diffusion within endothelial …
Youth and Revolution in Tunisia. By Alcinda Honwana

Who started the uprising widely known as the Arab Spring of 2011? How was it started? Why did youth revolt? Interdisciplinary scholar Alcinda Honwana tackles these three questions head-on in Youth ...
Abstract 2836: Emergency Department Nursing Shift Change and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage

Introduction: Extended time in the emergency department (ED) has been related to adverse outcomes among stroke patients. Previous research reported higher rates of pneumonia and poorer outcomes in ...
Many-Objective Evolutionary Optimisation and Visual Analytics for Product Family Design

Product family design involves the development of multiple products that share common components, modules and subsystems, yet target different market segments and groups of customers. The key to a successful product family is the product platform—the common components, modules and subsystems—around which the family is derived. The fundamental challenge when designing a family of products is resolving the inherent trade-off between commonality and performance. If there is too much commonality, then individual products may not meet their performance targets; however, too little sharing restricts the economies of scale that can be achieved during manufacturing and production. Multi-objective evolutionary optimisation algorithms have been used extensively to address this trade-off and determine which variables should be common (i.e., part of the platform) and which should be unique in a product family. In this chapter, we present a novel approach based on many-objective evolutionary optimisation and visual analytics to resolve trade-offs between commonality and many performance objectives. We provide a detailed example involving a family of aircraft that demonstrates the challenges of solving a 10-objective trade-off between commonality and the nine performance objectives in the family. Future research directions involving the use of multi-objective optimisation and visual analytics for product family design are also discussed.
Perfectionism: The Bane of Happiness

Have you lost your juice after office hours? Do you feel drained after a day in clinic? Did you recently complete a grueling 70-min knee “short procedure”? (Fig. 6.1). Are you critical of others and of yourself? Chances are you suffer from perfectionism—the mind’s recipe for misery. Sadly, perfectionistic tendencies infiltrate the thinking of most physicians. While the lure of perfection promises satisfaction, it only yields unhappiness. Perfectionism robs us of truly being our best selves.
Snappy surrounding alert for android

Snappy surrounding alert is an android application for headphone users who receive voice alert message about their surroundings while they are listening to something using their headphone. It alerts the users automatically by capturing the situation in his surroundings. If the user wants to be alerted about the surrounding when he uses the headphone he should first enable the Snappy surrounding alert app and the GPS. After enabling, the application starts to work and alerts the user under three different scenarios. First is a location based alert, where the GPS continuously collects the current latitude and longitude of the user and alerts him through his headphone speaker with a voice message when he is in careful zone such as railway station, highways, railway track. Second is a high pitch alert, which is triggered when the headphones microphone receives a high pitch sound such as vehicle horn from the surrounding. Third is a calling alert that will be raised when someone from nearest surrounding calls the mobile user by his name or other general context such as sir, excuse me, madam and so on. The alert message for all the scenarios are played in the format of voice. Thus this application can continuously monitor the surroundings and warn the mobile headphone users. It reduces many accidents and introduces a system which solves the problem for headphone users.
The Structure and Catalytic Reactivity of Supported Homogeneous Cluster Compounds

Although tunneling spectroscopy has been applied heretofore to only a limited extent in the investigation of homogeneous cluster compounds supported on oxide surfaces, it is quite possible that it will prove to be one of the more valuable techniques that can be used to elucidate the structure and catalytic reactivity of this important class of catalysts. The principles of tunneling spectroscopy have been described in Chapter 1 of this book as well as in the previous review articles.(1–5) Examples of the use of tunneling spectroscopy to investigate the catalytic properties of metal crystallites supported on oxide surfaces have been described in previous review articles,(1–5) and, in particular, in Chapter 13 of this text. This application is closely related to the study of supported homogeneous cluster compounds. In the former case, one is concerned with aggregates of reduced metallic atoms attached to an oxide “support,” while in the latter case, the topic of this chapter, one is concerned with the attachment and catalytic reactivity of cluster compounds (which may or may not have lost one or more of their ligands) “supported” on an oxide surface.
Modeling and Rendering Subsurface Scattering Using Diffusion Equations

For modeling and rendering of heterogeneous translucent materials, this chapter presents techniques that enable acquisition from measured samples, interactive editing of material attributes, and real-time rendering. The materials are assumed to be optically dense such that multiple scattering can be approximated by a diffusion process described by the diffusion equation. For modeling heterogeneous materials, the inverse diffusion algorithm is presented for acquiring material properties from appearance measurements. This modeling algorithm incorporates a regularizer to handle the ill-conditioning of the inverse problem, an adjoint method to dramatically reduce the computational cost, and a hierarchical GPU implementation for further speedup. Rendering an object with known material properties is done by the polygrid diffusion algorithm, which solves the diffusion equation with a boundary condition defined by the given illumination environment. This rendering technique is based on representation of an object by a polygrid, a grid with regular connectivity and an irregular shape, which facilitates solution of the diffusion equation in arbitrary volumes. Because of the regular connectivity, this rendering algorithm can be implemented on the GPU for real-time performance. These techniques are demonstrated by capturing materials from physical samples and performing real-time rendering and editing with these materials.
Radio-Frequency Safety Assessment of Stents in Blood Vessels During Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the need for high-resolution detailed anatomical modeling to correctly estimate radio-frequency (RF) safety during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RF-induced heating near metallic implanted devices depends on the electric field tangential to the device (Etan). Etan and specific absorption rate (SAR) were analyzed in blood vessels of an anatomical model to understand if a standard gel phantom accurately represents the potential heating in tissues due to passive vascular implants such as stents. Methods: A numerical model of an RF birdcage body coil and an anatomically realistic virtual patient with a native spatial resolution of 1 mm3 were used to simulate the in vivo electric field at 64 MHz (1.5 T MRI system). Maximum values of SAR inside the blood vessels were calculated and compared with peaks in a numerical model of the ASTM gel phantom to see if the results from the simplified and homogeneous gel phantom were comparable to the results from the anatomical model. Etan values were also calculated in selected stent trajectories inside blood vessels and compared with the ASTM result. Results: Peak SAR values in blood vessels were up to ten times higher than those found in the ASTM standard gel phantom. Peaks were found in clinically significant anatomical locations, where stents are implanted as per intended use. Furthermore, Etan results showed that volume-averaged SAR values might not be sufficient to assess RF safety. Conclusion: Computational modeling with a high-resolution anatomical model indicated higher values of the incident electric field compared to the standard testing approach. Further investigation will help develop a robust safety testing method which reflects clinically realistic conditions.
Theoretical and experimental study of transient squeezing flow in a highly porous film

Abstract We report a theoretical and experimental study for transient squeezing flow through a thin, highly porous structure, where the pressure response is governed by the local acceleration, the viscous effect and the Darcy force from the porous structure. It is predicted that the flow developed from an initial inviscid stage to a behavior attesting to the Brinkman equation. The transition is governed by the Brinkman number and the ratio of Reynolds number to Stroudhal number. An experimental study was performed, showing excellent agreement with the theory. The paper, revealing the important role of soft porous media for squeeze damping and lubrication, has significant potential in biomedical and industrial applications.
How language choices in feedback change with technology: Engagement in text and screencast feedback on ESL writing

Abstract An understanding of the impact of our technological choices in giving feedback has become a necessity for instructors. However, few studies have explored how technology choices might be influencing the nature and language of feedback. The present study investigates how the modes of video and text change the language used to give feedback and by doing so, shift its interpersonal aspects. The study employs engagement , from the appraisal framework, to investigate parallel collections of screencast and MS Word feedback from three English as a second language (ESL) writing instructors over four assignments in intact classes. This engagement analysis highlights how other voices are considered in the feedback and provides understanding of the position of the instructor and the role of the feedback itself and how they shift across modes. Text feedback was found to position the instructor as a single authority while video feedback better preserved student autonomy, offering feedback as suggestion and advice and positioning the instructor as one of many possible opinions. Understanding these differences can help instructors choose technology that will best support their pedagogical purposes.
D-Transposition s/p Arterial Switch Operation

In d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), the great vessels arise from the wrong side of the ventricular septum; i.e., the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle. When an arterial switch operation (ASO) is performed, the great vessels are transected above the sinuses and re-anastomosed to the hemodynamically and anatomically appropriate arterial roots. The coronary arteries are also transferred, along with a “button” of aortic tissue, from the original aortic root to the neoaortic root. Patients who have had successful ASO generally have excellent exercise function. Pulmonary artery stenosis resulting from stretching and/or kinking of the pulmonary arteries during surgery can cause pulmonary blood flow maldistribution and ventilation/perfusion mismatch, which may manifest during an exercise test as elevation of the VE/VCO2 slope. Coronary artery obstructions associated with the transfer of the coronary arteries during the surgery are also sometimes encountered. Exercise testing may be of value in this context, but it must be recognized that the sensitivity and specificity of exercise testing for these lesions are imperfect.
Antipowers in Uniform Morphic Words and the Fibonacci Word

Fici, Restivo, Silva, and Zamboni define a $k$-antipower to be a word composed of $k$ pairwise distinct, concatenated words of equal length. Berger and Defant conjecture that for any sufficiently well-behaved aperiodic morphic word $w$, there exists a constant $c$ such that for any $k$ and any index $i$, a $k$-antipower with block length at most $ck$ starts at the $i$th position of $w$. They prove their conjecture in the case of binary words, and we extend their result to alphabets of arbitrary finite size and characterize those words for which the result does not hold. We also prove their conjecture in the specific case of the Fibonacci word.