cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ko e Mana Fakahā ‘Otua ‘o e Fakatupu: Creation as Sacrament

After the preliminary remarks, the first section will focus on Creation as Trinitarian and manifestation of God’s love, grace and blessings for/of humans. This will be based on the theologies of Popes Benedict and Francis. Pope Francis in Laudato Si, writes: “Everything was created by the Trinity”. Hence, creation and all creatures have a structure of the Trinity in them. Therefore, everything is inter-related, inter-connected like a web of relationships.
The impact of intersectional stigma on health outcomes: The case of an older lesbian veteran

Approximately one million gay and lesbian Americans are veterans. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) veterans experience high rates of trauma, discrimination, and minority stress and sh...
Mathematical aspects of scientific software

The goal is to survey the impact of scientific software on mathematics. Three types of impacts are identified and several topics from each are discussed in some depth. First is the impact on the structure of mathematics through its role as the scientific tool for problem solving. Scientific software leads to new assessments of what algorithms are, how well they work, and what a solution really is. Second is the initiation of new mathematical endeavors. Numerical computation is already very widely known, we discuss the important future roles of symbolic and geometric computation. Finally, there are particular mathematical problems that arise from scientific software. Examples discussed include round-off errors and the validation of computations, mapping problems and algorithms into machines, and adaptive methods. There is considerable discussion of the shortcommings of mathematics in providing an adequate model for the scientific analysis of scientific software.
A Cost Optimal Parallel Algorithm for Computing Force Field in N-Body Simulations

We consider the following force field computation problem: given a cluster of n particles in 3-dimensional space, compute the force exerted on each particle by the other particles. Depending on different applications, the pairwise interaction could be either gravitational or Lennard-Jones. In both cases, the force between two particles vanishes as the distance between them approaches to infinity. Since there are n(n-1)/2 pairs, direct method requires Θ(n2) time for force-evaluation, which is very expensive for astronomical simulations. In 1985 and 1986, two famous Θ(n log n) time hierarchical tree algorithms were published by Appel [3] and by Barnes and Hut [4] respectively. In a recent paper, we presented a linear time algorithm which builds the oct tree bottom-up and showed that Appel's algorithm can be implemented in Θ(n) sequential time. In this paper, we present an algorithm which computes the force field in Θ(log n) time using an n/log n processor CREW PRAM. A key to this optimal parallel algorithm is replacing a recursive top-down force calculation procedure of Appel by an equivalent non-recursive bottom-up procedure. Our parallel algorithm also yields a new Θ(n) time sequential algorithm for force field computation.
Hyperfine Interactions in Metals

We deal with the magnetic interactions between conduction electrons and nuclei of the metal atoms. The electrons are polarized by an external magnetic field, and expose the nuclear magnetic moments to a hyperfine field which in the simplest case involves s-electrons. This is usually called the “contact” interaction, which is applied to the nucleus while they are both in the same place, in contrast to “action at a distance” as between two separate ions.
Bayesian‐information‐gap decision theory with an application to CO2 sequestration

Decisions related to subsurface engineering problems such as groundwater management, fossil fuel production, and geologic carbon sequestration are frequently challenging because of an overabundance of uncertainties (related to conceptualizations, parameters, observations, etc.). Because of the importance of these problems to agriculture, energy, and the climate (respectively), good decisions that are scientifically defensible must be made despite the uncertainties. We describe a general approach to making decisions for challenging problems such as these in the presence of severe uncertainties that combines probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods. The approach uses Bayesian sampling to assess parametric uncertainty and Information-Gap Decision Theory (IGDT) to address model inadequacy. The combined approach also resolves an issue that frequently arises when applying Bayesian methods to real-world engineering problems related to the enumeration of possible outcomes. In the case of zero non-probabilistic uncertainty, the method reduces to a Bayesian method. Lastly, to illustrate the approach, we apply it to a site-selection decision for geologic CO2 sequestration.
Electrophoretic enzyme analysis of North American and eastern Asian populations of Agastache sect. Agastache (Labiatae)

Genetic relationships among the seven species of Agastache sect. Agastache common in North America and the one found in eastern Asia were assessed using starch-gel electrophoresis of twelve enzymatic proteins. Nei's (1976) genetic distance and identity values, calculated among the 32 populations used in this study, partitioned the Agastache section into four discrete groups: (1) A. nepetoides (eastern North America), (2) A. scrophulariifolia and A. foeniculum (eastern and central North America), (3) the four species of the western U.S. (A. urticifolia, A. occidentalis, A. parvifolia, and A. cusickii), and (4) A. rugosa (eastern Asia). The Asian Agastache, separated from its American congeners for over 12 million years, differed from American populations at only two (the IDH-1 and LAP-1 alleles) of the fifteen loci surveyed; these alleles were not found in any of the North American plants. Nei's genetic distances between the Asian and North American populations ranged from 0.2877 to 0.6734.
Mechanisms by which thrombolytic therapy results in nonuniform lysis and residual thrombus after reperfusion.

A transport reaction model describing penetration of plasmin by diffusion and permeation into a dissolving fibrin gel was solved numerically to explore mechanisms that lead to the formation and growth of dissolution fingers through blood clots during thrombolytic therapy. Under conditions of fluid permeation driven by arterial pressures, small random spatial variations in the initial fibrin density within clots (±4 to 25% peak variations) were predicted by the simulation to result in dramatic dissolution fingers that grew in time. Within vitro experiments, video microscopy revealed that the shape of the proximal face of a fibrin gel, when deformed by pressure-driven permeation, led to lytic breakthrough in the center of the clot, consistent with model predictions of increased velocities in this region leading to cannulation. Computer simulation of lysis of fibrin retracted by platelets (where more permeable regions are expected in the middle of the clot due to retraction) predicted cannulation of the clot during thrombolysis. This residual, annular thrombus was predicted to lyse more slowly, because radial pressure gradients to drive inner clot permeation were quite small. In conjunction with kinetic models of systemic pharmacodynamics and plasminogen activation biochemistry, a two-dimensional transport-reaction model can facilitate the prediction of the time and causes of clot cannulation, poor reperfusion, and embolism during thrombolysis.
Graphical spatial models: a new view on interpreting spatial pattern

Graphical models provide an important tool for facilitating communication between scientists, decision-makers, and statisticians—many complicated ecological processes can be described in terms of “box-and-arrow” conceptual diagrams (e.g., Shipley in Cause and correlation in biology: a user’s guide to path analysis, structural equations and causal inferences, Cambridge Universtiy Press, Cambridge, 2000; Clark and Gelfand TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution 21:375–380, 2006). In particular, problems in landscape ecology often involve modeling relationships among multiple physical and/or biological variables that may operate on differing spatial scales (e.g., Rossi et al. in Ecol Monographs 62:277–314, 1992; Legendre et al. in Ecography 25:601–615, 2002; Overmars et al. in Ecol Model 164:257–270, 2003; Brown and Spector in J Appl Ecol 45:1639–1648, 2008; Koniak and Noy-Meir in Ecol Model 220:1148–1158, 2008). These problems are inherently multivariate, though researchers commonly rely on univariate methods, such as spatial regression models, to address them. In this paper, we introduce a multivariate method—graphical spatial models—that extends path analysis to incorporate spatial autocorrelation in one or more variables in a directed graph. We show how both exogenous and endogenous ecological processes as defined by Legendre et al. (Ecography 25:601–615, 2002) and Lichstein et al. (Ecol Monographs 72:445–463, 2002) can be represented in a graph. Most importantly, we show how to translate graphs representing these ecological processes into statistically estimable models. We motivate our theoretical results using an example of stream health data from the Willamette Valley, Oregon. For these data we are interested in the spatial pattern within both riparian land use and an index of stream health, and whether there is an association between land use and stream health, after accounting for these spatial patterns. We use a graphical spatial model to address these ecological questions simultaneously. We find that the health of a stream decreases as the percent of developed land within a 120-m riparian buffer increases; interestingly, there is only evidence of spatial pattern within land use.
Short-term avifaunal turnover in small even-aged forest habitats

Abstract Turnover rates of avian communities during three consecutive breeding seasons were compared among six habitats created for ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus management via forest clearcutting. Habitat size had minimal effect on turnover rates because each habitat selected for study consisted of 3 ha (three 1-ha stands). Degree of isolation of habitats also did not affect turnover of species composition. However, stage of vegetative succession presumably resulted in high turnover rates in the youngest clearcut habitat. Rates declined in clearcut oak habitat compared to clearcut aspen habitat of similar age. In mature aspen habitat on the treated (managed) sector of the study area, rates were affected by proximity to young clearcut habitats. The occasional occurrence of three uncommon species intolerant of forest fragmentation combined with relatively high species richness were factors influencing high turnover rates in habitat on the control (uncut) sector.
Cardiovascular Responses to Postural Changes: Differences with Age for Women and Men

The cardiovascular responses to postural change, and how they are affected by aging, are inadequately described in women. Therefore, the authors examined the influence of age and sex on the responses of blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, and other variables to change in posture. Measurements were made after 10 minutes each in the supine, seated, and standing positions in 22 men and 25 women who ranged in age from 21 to 59 years. Several variables differed, both by sex and by age, when subjects were supine. On rising, subjects' diastolic and mean arterial pressures, heart rate, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and thoracic impedance increased; cardiac output, stroke volume, and mean stroke ejection rate decreased; and changes in all variables, except heart rate, were greater from supine to sitting than sitting to standing. The increase in heart rate was greater in the younger subjects, and increases in TPR and thoracic impedance were greater in the older subjects. Stroke volume decreased less, and TPR and thoracic impedance increased more, in the women than in the men. The increase in TPR was particularly pronounced in the older women. These studies show that the cardiovascular responses to standing differ, in some respects, between the sexes and with age. The authors suggest that the sex differences are, in part, related to greater decrease of thoracic blood volume with standing in women than in men, and that the age differences result, in part, from decreased responsiveness of the high-pressure baroreceptor system.
Physical Bioinformatics Applied to Intrinsically Disordered Nucleoporin Sequences Reveals Universal Functional Features

Bioinformatics of disordered proteins is especially challenging given high mutation rates for homologous proteins and that functionality may not be strongly related to sequence. We introduce a novel form of bioinformatic analysis, which can be applied to disordered proteins, based on the spatial clustering of physically relevant features such as binding motifs and charges. We apply this technique on thousands of disordered Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) FG motif containing proteins (FG nups) to elucidate the elusive biophysical mechanism by which FG nups regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Our analysis reveals a set of highly conserved spatial features in the sequence structure of individual FG nups, such as the separation, localization, and ordering of FG motifs and charged residues along the protein chain. These conserved features provide insight into the functioning of the pore and strongly constrain current models. Additionally this method allows us to identify potentially functionally analogous disordered proteins across distantly related species.
Touring Russia with Isadora: Maurice Magnus’ account

(2000). Touring Russia with Isadora: Maurice Magnus’ account. Dance Chronicle: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 233-261.
Who are the “enemies of Russia”? The question of Russophobia in the samizdat debate before glasnost’

The Communist system has forced the Russian people into a state of sulking introspection which seeks outlets in xenophobia, petulant demonstrations of national superiority—or, at the opposite end, maudlin admissions of national inferiority. Milovan Djilas
Base station transmitting antenna arrays for multipath environments

Abstract Adaptive transmitting antenna arrays can increase the capacity of mobile radio networks by reusing a channel among several users. To reuse bandwidth, a transmitting antenna array can exploit feedback information from the mobile receivers in order to track changes in the multipath environment. When the mobile is moving rapidly, the required feedback rates can become significant. We present a new method for transmission beamforming, which, by exploiting the subspace structure present in the spatial channel, requires much lower feedback data rates than previous methods. We consider antenna arrays at the base only, and the mobile has a single omnidirectional antenna.
Gender Stereotypes, Information Search, and Voting Behavior in Political Campaigns

It is still unclear exactly how gender influences vote choice. Using an information processing perspective, we argue that instead of directly influencing vote choice, candidate gender guides the amounts and types of information that voters search for during a campaign, and that effects of gender on vote choice ultimately come from differences in information search influenced by candidate gender. Using two unique experimental datasets, we test the effects of candidate gender on vote choice and information search. We find that subjects change their search based on a candidate’s gender, seeking out more competence-related information about female candidates than they do for male candidates, as well as more information related to “compassion issues.” We also find that evaluations of candidates’ traits and issue positions are important predictors of subjects’ vote choice.
Production and regulation of leptin in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Abstract Previously, leptin has been found in human and rodent mammary tissue. The present research was conducted to determine (1) if leptin is produced by bovine mammary epithelial cells and (2) if leptin production in bovine mammary epithelial cells is hormonally regulated. Western blot analysis indicated the presence of leptin in bovine milk, while reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated the presence of leptin mRNA in mammary tissue and cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cell line). A real time RT-PCR method was developed that allowed quantitative assessment of bovine leptin mRNA over approximately 3 orders of magnitude. Time course studies indicated a rapid increase in leptin mRNA in response to insulin or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). When normalized against bovine GAPDH as an internal control, 0.5 or 1 h treatment with 10 ng/mL insulin gave 39±4 and 64±2-fold increase in leptin mRNA compared with 0 h control. Leptin mRNA was increased 257±9 and 75±23-fold by 0.5 or 1 h treatment with 10 ng/mL IGF-I. Dose response studies indicated significant increases in leptin mRNA in response to as little as 1 ng/mL insulin or 0.1 ng/mL IGF-I. Maximum increase in leptin mRNA was observed in response to 10 ng/mL insulin and 10 ng/mL IGF-I. These results indicate that production of leptin by bovine mammary epithelial cells can be regulated by factors known to alter mammary function and nutrient partitioning. This suggests that leptin may be an autocrine/paracrine signal in the bovine mammary gland.
Security issues with the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the basis for a significant new architecture for mobile applications incorporating voice, video and data services. The IMS is an overlay network on top of IP that uses SIP as the primary signaling mechanism. The IMS presents several new security challenges for both network providers and network users. This paper provides an overview of the IMS architecture and the security challenges that it raises. It is intended as the basis for developing a new set of research objectives around IMS security.
O modelo do sistema de orçamento corporativo: influências no comportamento e no desempenho gerencial

This study investigates how differences in corporate-level budgeting systems are related to corporate size, diversity, and degree of decentralization, and how different choices in system design and use are related to organizational performance and manager motivation and attitudes. A model was developed from related findings in research in accounting and organizational behavior, and the expectations in the model were explored with data gathered from 19 firms in the electronics industry. The results generally support the model. They show that budgeting, as part of the corporate control strategy, is related to the corporate context. Larger firms tend to make relatively high use of more formal administrative, as opposed to interpersonal, controls. In all firms, the more formal and elaborate budgeting processes are generally received well by the managers, but in larger firms they appear to be more positively linked with performance.
The Many Faces of Weimar Cinema: Rediscovering Germany's Filmic Legacy

Christian ROGOWSKI (Ed.), Campden House, 2010, ISBN 978-01-57113-4295, £55.00 (hbk), 354 pp. This collection of eighteen essays attempts to readdress and refocus, or rather open up, cinematic histo...
Dose and temporal parameters of morphine-induced hyperalgesia in domestic fowl.

Abstract Recent research in this laboratory has identified a biological model in which morphine produced a hyperalgesic response to a noxious thermal stimulus. Morphine effects, however, were examined at only one injection-to-test interval (10 min). Because a single injection-to-test interval is relatively uninformative, the present research was designed to more fully characterize this morphine hyperalgesic effect. In Experiment 1, 15-day-old White Leghorn cockerels were placed on a hot plate (59°C) in 10 min after injection of morphine (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/ml/kg) or the distilled water vehicle (1 ml/kg). Latency to perform a jump response or attainment of a 90-sec no-jump criterion were recorded. Experiment 2 examined morphine effects (2.5 mg/ml/kg) on hot plate jump latencies at various injection-to-test intervals (10, 30, 60, and 240 min). Morphine produced a dose-dependent hyperalgesic response. Temporal characteristics of morphine effects were evident as a U-shaped function. The dose and temporal characteristics of morphine-induced hyperalgesia in White Leghorn cockerels are similar to the dose and temporal characteristics of morphine-induced analgesia typically seen in other species.
Some general methods for the analysis of categorical data in longitudinal studies

This paper is concerned with the analysis of multivariate categorical data from epidemiologic and clinical studies with longitudinal designs. An expository discussion of pertinent hypotheses for such situations is provided within the context of two relevant data sets. Appropriate large-sample tests of these hypotheses are developed through the application of weighted least squares to generate Wald statistics. These procedures are illustrated with extensive analyses of one of these data sets. In some situations, the resulting cross-classification of the response variables leads to extremely sparse frequency data, especially when the number of subjects is not large. For such repeated measurement designs in which a single variable is measured repeatedly over time, this paper considers the use of a generalized Mantel-Haenszel strategy for tests of marginal homogeneity (symmetry). These randomization model methods are illustrated for data in which the repeated measurement variable is reported on an ordinal scale. This paper also focuses on the available computing software to implement these methods within the version 5 release of the SAS system. The randomization model approach can be implemented within the FREQ procedure and a broad range of models and hypotheses can be investigated within the CATMOD procedure.
Atypical attachment in infancy and early childhood among children at developmental risk. IV. Maternal frightened, frightening, or atypical behavior and disorganized infant attachment patterns.

A central question in the study of atypical attachment relationships in infancy is whether interactive processes between caregiver and infant are associated with the infant’s display of disorganized strategies (Main & Hesse, 1990). Attachment theory locates one central influence on the infant’s attachment strategies in the interplay between parent and infant over the 1st year, especially in the degree of sensitive responsiveness to the entire range of the infant’s affectively charged communications (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall, 1978). Linkages between appropriate parental responsiveness and secure infant attachment strategies have been supported in a number of empirical studies (Ainsworth et al., 1978; Belsky, Rovine, & Taylor, 1984; Grossmann, Grossmann, Spangler, Seuss, & Unzner, 1985; Londerville & Main, 1981; van IJzendoorn, 1995). These earlier studies, however, were undertaken prior to the discovery of the disorganized/disoriented infant attachment pattern. They explored the relation between maternal behavior and the three organized infant attachment strategies only (ambivalent/avoidant/ secure). With the increasing recognition that a sizable proportion of infants from families with serious social risk factors display disorganized forms of attachment strategies, the question of whether disorganized behaviors emerge in the context of particular patterns of parent-infant interaction also must be addressed. The issues of whether and how mother-infant interactive processes are related to disorganization of infant attachment patterns gains additional importance from recent findings that early disorganized or controlling
A Literature Review of Studies of Depression and Treatment Outcomes Among U.S. College Students Since 1990

Objective The mental health of U.S. college students is a growing public health concern. Particularly alarming is the prevalence of depression and risk of suicide in this cohort. Methods A literature review of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases was conducted in order to identify and evaluate depression and treatment outcomes among U.S. college students since 1990. Results Four studies documenting depression and treatment outcomes among U.S. college students were identified and reviewed. Conclusions Although research on the depression and treatment outcomes among U.S. college students exists, it is scarce and inconsistent, with varying inclusion and exclusion criteria and measurement of depression severity and its treatment. Future work needs to focus on the development of reasonable benchmarks of depression and treatment outcomes in the college population and the integration of such outcome data into college mental health practice.
3-D PLOT, a FORTRAN IV program for projecting a triplex of factor loadings

Description. This program plots the projected factor loadings from a factor analysis or multidimensional scaling output in three dimensions. A triplex is formed when the output series of two two-dimensional joined graphs is folded 90 deg along their common side. The resulting orthogonally opposed three dimensions project a rectangular coordinate system known as a left-handed system (Wade & Taylor, 1969, pp. 257-264) in three­ space. With a 31-point scale along each axis, the euclidian space generated results in 29,791 (31 3 ) possible plot points. Grid marks and factor loading scales are indicated for each of the labeled axes. Input. The program is interactive and provides instructions and rationale upon request. The study title is also entered. Items or variables are coded as alpha characters. The positive and negative loadings for each item are entered to three decimal places for the X, Y, and Z factor dimensions. Output. The output consists of two 31-point scaled, two-dimensional plotted graphs, and a data summary
The Duration of Nicotine Withdrawal-Associated Deficits in Contextual Fear Conditioning Parallels Changes in Hippocampal High Affinity Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Upregulation

A predominant symptom of nicotine withdrawal is cognitive deficits, yet understanding of the neural basis for these deficits is limited. Withdrawal from chronic nicotine disrupts contextual learning in mice and this deficit is mediated by direct effects of nicotine in the hippocampus. Chronic nicotine treatment upregulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); however, it is unknown whether upregulation is related to the observed withdrawal-induced cognitive deficits. If a relationship between altered learning and nAChR levels exists, changes in nAChR levels after cessation of nicotine treatment should match the duration of learning deficits. To test this hypothesis, mice were chronically administered 6.3mg/kg/day (freebase) nicotine for 12 days and trained in contextual fear conditioning on day 11 or between 1 to 16 days after withdrawal of treatment. Changes in [(125)I]-epibatidine binding at cytisine-sensitive and cytisine-resistant nAChRs and chronic nicotine-related changes in α4, α7, and β2 nAChR subunit mRNA expression were assessed. Chronic nicotine had no behavioral effect but withdrawal produced deficits in contextual fear conditioning that lasted 4 days. Nicotine withdrawal did not disrupt cued fear conditioning. Chronic nicotine upregulated hippocampal cytisine-sensitive nAChR binding; upregulation continued after cessation of nicotine administration and the duration of upregulation during withdrawal paralleled the duration of behavioral changes. Changes in binding in cortex and cerebellum did not match behavioral changes. No changes in α4, α7, and β2 subunit mRNA expression were seen with chronic nicotine. Thus, nicotine withdrawal-related deficits in contextual learning are time-limited changes that are associated with temporal changes in upregulation of high-affinity nAChR binding.
Adherence to Sleep Apnea Therapy and Use of Lipid-Lowering Drugs: A Study of the Healthy-User Effect

Background Evidence that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces cardiovascular morbidity comes largely from observational studies. This association may be confounded if CPAP adherents are healthier in ways not measured by investigators. We assessed whether patients adhering to lipid-lowering medications were more adherent to CPAP. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study undertaken at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center (2005–2006) of consecutive patients on lipid-lowering therapy newly initiating CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea. Adherence to medications dispensed via the VA closed-pharmacy system was measured as the proportion of days covered (≥80% vs Results Complete data were available for 117 of 142 (81.5%) subjects. After adjustment for age, race, medical comorbidity, and sleep apnea-related clinical factors, subjects with low medication adherence demonstrated a 40.1% (95% CI, 30.0–51.0) probability of using CPAP ≥ 4 h/d compared with 55.2% (95% CI, 46.9–63.1) for subjects with adequate (≥80%) medication adherence (adjusted for comparison, odds ratio (OR) = 1.8 [95% CI, 1.0–3.3], P = .04). Married patients were more adherent to medications and CPAP; inclusion of this factor reduced to nonsignificance the association of medication and CPAP adherence (OR = 1.6 [95% CI, 0.9–2.8], P = .12). Conclusion Patients consistently refilling lipid-lowering medications were more adherent to CPAP, suggesting that differences in medication adherence or other health-promoting behaviors should be investigated in future nonrandomized, observational studies linking CPAP adherence and cardiovascular outcomes.
Are Environmental Professors Unbalanced? Evidence From the Field

Most outcomes assessment in higher education has focused on content knowledge or skills development; however, attitudinal change is also a legitimate focus of assessment. We use the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) to test whether courses designed to meet the same university environmental literacy requirement changed student environmental attitudes, and whether these changes resulted from instructor and/or course-content effects. We found student environmental attitudes did change significantly but in different directions depending upon who taught the course. The ability to measure such changes adds to the discussion in the environmental education community on the desired nature of attitudinal change and of the responsibilities of higher education instructors.
39.3: The Need for Speed in Touch Systems

We show the impact of touch-to-display latency, frame rate, and motion blur on the user experience of a touch system. Using a custom device, we achieve latencies down to ∼1ms, with frame rates up to 1000Hz. The effects are not subtle, demonstrating the opportunity for higher performance in touch devices.
Mississippi Deltaic Wetland Survival: Sedimentation Versus Coastal Submergence

Seasonal sedimentation, measured with the aid of artificial marker horizons, was markedly different in deteriorating as compared with stable marshes in the Mississippi River deltaic plain. Deteriorating marshes receive most sediment during storm events, whereas stable marshes receive substantial amounts of sediments during the spring river flood. The deteriorating marshes are accreting at a faster rate (1.5 centimeters per year at streamside, 0.9 centimeter per year at inland areas) than the stable marshes (1.3 centimeters per year at streamside, 0.6 centimeter per year at inland areas). However, relative to local apparent sea-level rise as measured by tide gauges in each area, the deteriorating marshes are not maintaining their intertidal elevation as well as the stable marshes. These results indicate the importance of considering accretion relative to submergence.
Binuclear cationic μ-bromo complexes of vanadium(II)

Abstract The compounds [V2(μ-Br)3L6]BPh4, with L = 3-methyltetrahydrofuran (1) and tetrahydrofuran (2), have been prepared. The crystal and molecular structures of 1 have been determined. The compound crystallizes in space group Cc with unit cell dimensions a = 18.499(3), b = 10.923(3), c = 29.619(7) A, β = 103.18(2)o, V = 5827(5) A3 and Z = 4. The [V2(μ-Br)3(CH3C4H7O)6]+ ion is analogous to the [V2(μ-Cl)3L6]+ cations previously described, but has a longer V—V distance, viz. 3.146(4) A. The UV-vis spectrum shows a double spin-flip transition but it is extremely weak compared to that in the chloro analog. Qualitatively, this was expected because of the ca 0.16 A increase in the V—V distance, but the magnitude of the decrease (∼ 5 fold) is of interest.
CONCEPTUALIZING SMALL TOWNS AS URBAN PLACES: THE PROCESS OF DOWNTOWN REDEVELOPMENT IN GALENA, ILLINOIS

This research investigates the process through which small-town central business districts (CBDs) are transformed into visitor-oriented attractions. A case study of Galena, Illinois, reveals that the dominant characteristics of the downtown redevelopment process are applicable to metropolis and small town alike. Similar economic “tools,” enabling legislation, and other mechanisms are available to essentially all municipalities regardless of size. Further, growth coalitions and interest groups are formed to promote the particular use and exchange values of CBDs throughout the urban hierarchy. What differs between small town and large metropolis, however, is the way in which contemporary CBDs are perceived by the community. While the metropolitan downtown is now largely viewed as a “command center” within a global economy, the small-town CBD is still varyingly perceived as the community's economic and social center. Such contrasting conceptions of downtown hold implications for the ability to successfully t...
‘NOT FOR SALE’—AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY AND CANADIAN SHOE FACTORIES: THE UNITED SHOE MACHINERY COMPANY OF CANADA, 1899–1912

(1988). ‘NOT FOR SALE’—AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY AND CANADIAN SHOE FACTORIES: THE UNITED SHOE MACHINERY COMPANY OF CANADA, 1899–1912. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 59-82.
Polyhedral hybrid approach to bonding in molecules containing transition metals

Abstract A polyhedral hybrid approach, based on generalized valence bond theory, is proposed to treat the electronic structure and bonding in transition metal molecules. A key feature of the approach is the ubiquity of “bent bonds” formed from overlapping hybrid orbitais.
Strong ion gap can be accurately estimated with a simple bedside equation

The anion gap (AG) is used routinely in the assessment of metabolic acidosis, but can be misleading in patients with hypoalbuminemia and other disorders commonly encountered in intensive care. This approach to acid-base analysis relies on assessment of pH, pCO2, sodium, bicarbonate and chloride, and can lead to underestimation or overestimation of the true electrochemical status of a patient, as it does not include important ions such as lactate, calcium, magnesium, and albumin. The strong ion gap (SIG) is an alternative to the AG and is based upon Stewart's physical chemistry approach. However, the SIG is cumbersome to calculate. As such, a number of shortcut equations have been developed in an effort to approximate the SIG. We sought to compare three such equations, the Kellum corrected anion gap (KellAGc), the Moviat equation, and EZSIG, in an effort to evaluate precision and accuracy [1-3].
3-D Image-guided diffuse optical tomography using boundary element method and MPI implementation

Boundary elements provide an attractive method for image-guided multi-modality near infrared spectroscopy in three dimensions using only surface discretization. This method operates under the assumption that the underlying tissue contains piece-wise constant domains whose boundaries are known a priori from an alternative imaging modality such as MRI or microCT. This significantly simplifies the meshing process providing both speed-up and accuracy in the forward solution. Challenges with this method are in solving dense matrices, and working with complex heterogeneous domains. Solutions to these problems are presented here, with applications in breast cancer imaging and small — animal molecular imaging.
Pre- and postsynaptic aspects of dopamine-mediated transmission.

Dopamine agonist administration induces changes in firing rate and pattern in basal ganglia nuclei that provide an insight into the role of dopamine in basal ganglia function. These changes support a more complex, integrated basal ganglia network than envisioned in early models. Functionally important effects on basal ganglia output involve alterations in burstiness, synchronization and oscillatory activity, as well as rate. Multisecond oscillations in basal ganglia firing rates are markedly affected by systemic administration of dopamine-receptor agonists. This suggests that coordinated changes in neuronal activity at time scales longer than commonly investigated play a role in the cognitive and motor processes that are modulated by dopamine.
The static approximation in the interpretation of collision broadening

Abstract The validity of the static approximation for analyses of spectral line profiles is considered. The Fourier transform of the profile of an isolated line is compared for representative cases with the unified theory, and it is shown that the simple static approximation can be used effectively to interpret low spectral resolution experiments. This result applies to the entire profile in the limit of high density, but it also applies at low density if the instrumental line width is sufficiently large. Furthermore, in the absence of turning points in the interatomic potential, the unified and static theories produce almost identical line-wing profiles. Easily evaluated criteria are provided to guide application of the straightforward static theory to the interpretation of interatomic potentials.
Deficit Irrigation of Micro-Irrigated Tomato Affects Yield, Fruit Quality, and Disease Severity

Florida's water resources have been burdened by competition between a steadily increasing population and 2 million acres of irrigated agriculture. During chronic dry weather, regulatory agencies may impose mandatory cutbacks in water drawn for agricultural use to protect groundwater levels, regardless of irrigation methods used by growers. We investigated the impact of water application deficits on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Sunny') under micro-irrigation (drip irrigation), where normally little surplus water is applied above crop requirements. Full-bed plastic-mulched tomato was grown for three springs on a sandy Spodosol in south Florida. Following 3 wk for crop establishment, three irrigation treatments were applied through the rest of the growing season: (i) full irrigation based on daily evapotranspiration (ET) estimates and soil water tension, (ii) 15% deficit from full irrigation, and (iii) 30% deficit. Treatments were applied daily by adjusting the irrigation time. Estimated seasonal tomato plant ET ranged between 5.5 and 7.4 in., and full irrigation ranged between 3.9 and 7.1 in. Soil water tension at the 6-in. soil depth under the micro-irrigation tubing fluctuated between 2 and 20 cbars, and was consistently greater with decreased irrigation. Tomato plant height decreased about 1.5 in., and crop water stress index (CWSI) increased with decreased irrigation. In 1992, early blight disease (caused by the fungus Alternaria solari) incidence was 50% more severe, and in 1994, blossom end rot incidence was five times more severe in the 30% deficit treatment compared with full irrigation. Three-year mean total marketable tomato yield decreased from 11.09 to 8.83 tons/acre as irrigation decreased. The yield decrease was chiefly due to decreased production of extra-large fruit, which receive the highest price on the fresh market. An economic analysis showed that 15 and 30% irrigation reductions would reduce gross revenue by 15 and 22%, respectively. Therefore, deficit-irrigating micro-irrigated tomato could cause substantial economic loss through decreased crop marketability.
Impact of Interference on the Throughput of a Multihop Path in a Wireless Network

The impact of interference on the throughput of a multihop path in a wireless network is studied in this paper. Interference is caused due to packets of the same end-to-end flow (intra-path), as well as packets of different flows (inter-path), as packets are transmitted over multiple hops in the network. We show how much throughput is lost due to such interference, and how much is lost due to other factors like the media access scheme, maximum transmission power limit, or overhead at various networking layers. The MAC is considered to be that of IEEE 802.11, while the physical layer is chosen to be that specified in IEEE 802.11a. The simulations are performed with careful representation of wireless channel characteristics, receiver performance, and IEEE 802.11 MAC layer parameters, such as the signal level that causes a device to be blocked (energy detect (ED) threshold). Sensitivity of the throughput of a multihop path, to parameters like transmission power, data rate and ED threshold is studied, and the throughput achievable by optimizing these parameters is evaluated for environments with different propagation characteristics. The limiting factors are identified in different cases, by contrasting the throughput of a multihop path with that of a single hop path and an optimally scheduled multihop path. The results are revealing in terms of the amount of throughput lost due to various factors. The paper also provides a good understanding with regards to the tuning of various parameters to improve the throughput of multihop paths in a wireless network.
The dynamic response model of nine different skeletal muscles

The frequency response model of nine different skeletal muscles in the hindlimb of the cat was determined with the aid of electrical nerve stimulation, which allows orderly stimulation of motor units concurrently with firing rate increase. It was shown that the general model consists of a linear second-order system with double real poles and a pure time delay. The pole values were different for the different muscles, ranging from 1.55 to 2.8 Hz. Similarly, the pure time delay varied from muscle to muscle, ranging from 8 to 17 ms. Statistical analysis demonstrates that, under isometric contraction with force oscillations in the range of 10-90% of maximal, the model poles are determined, and could be predicted, from the muscle's functional and anatomical location in the limb and from its pennation pattern. >
Fast GC instrumentation and analysis for field applications

Environmental contaminants are found in a wide variety of molecular shapes and sizes, with organic pollutants exhibiting vapor pressures in the 103-10-6 torr range. This translates into a need for chemical analyzers that are capable of analyzing both volatile compounds (i.e., those compounds that have high vapor pressures at ambient temperatures) as well as semivolatile substances (i.e., those compounds that must be heated before they exhibit substantial vapor pressures). Volatile environmental analytes are found in gaseous, liquid, or solid sample matrices, whereas semivolatile analytes exist as either liquids or solids, including aerosol dispersions. Unfortunately, conventional field-portable GC analyzers are only capable of analyzing for volatile analytes. A small, fast, dual-high-resolution-column GC instrument that is capable of analyzing both volatile and semivolatile analytes has been developed and patented. As typically configured, it uses two narrow-bore, 100-micron ID separation columns, is temperature programmable at rates of 5-20 °C per second, and uses less than 150 W of dc power. Typical separation times for compounds with Kovatt's retention indices of <1000 are 10-15 s, and compounds with retention indices of up to 2500 are separated in <1 min. Because the instrument has dual columns and detectors, analytes are simultaneously analyzed on columns with different liquid phases, thus providing added confidence in the quality of the analytical data. Because this fieldable GC device uses a solid-sorbent trapping system with a conventional heated injector inlet system, it can analyze a wide variety of sample matrices, Including gases, dilute gases, thermal extracts from VOS tubes, purge-and-trap water/soil extracts, headspace samples, membrane extracts, SPME, thermal and SCF extracts, liquid organic solvent extracts, and direct aqueous samples. This report describes this new instrument and presents typical data from analysis of volatile and semivolatile analytes in a variety of sample matrices.
The influence of ambient lighting levels on postural sway in healthy children

The purpose of this study was to determine whether postural sway in healthy children varied in different levels of ambient lighting. Twelve boys and 26 girls with a mean age of 118 months stood on a force platform under three conditions: eyes closed, eyes opened in regular light (200 lx) and eyes opened in dim light (3 lx). Analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons revealed significantly more postural sway with the eyes closed condition compared to the regular and dim light conditions but no differences between the regular and dim light conditions. While our results on postural sway during the eyes closed condition are consistent with current findings in the pediatric and adult literature, our findings comparing postural sway during regular and dim light conditions differ from those found in older adults. It appears that the visual system of children is efficient in dim light conditions, adding support to the view that quiet standing is more dependent on vision in older adults than in younger individuals.
Epoxy Reinforced Aerogels Made Using a Streamlined Process

Reinforcing silica aerogels by conformally coating the nanoskeleton with a polymer has been demonstrated to be an effective way to improve mechanical properties. In addition, the mesoporosity and low thermal conductivity is maintained, making this robust form of aerogel an enabling material for a variety of aerospace applications. However, the process for making the aerogels can be quite long, involving production of the gel, solvent exchanges, and diffusion of monomer, followed by more solvent exchanges and supercritical fluid extraction. This paper for the first time compares a synthetic scheme that shortens the process to make epoxy reinforced aerogels by eliminating monomer diffusion and half of the solvent washes to the previously described diffusion-controlled process. The ethanol-soluble epoxy monomers are included in the initial step of the sol−gel process without interfering with gelation of the starting silanes. Notably, properties of aerogels made using a low amount of amine reactive sites have...
Public Pension Underfunding in California A Perfect Storm Likely to Sweep the Nation

As is widely known, public sector pension plans and state and local governments throughout the country are in trouble. Things are about to get worse. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board has...
Parvovirus glomerulonephritis in a patient with sickle cell disease.

A child with sickle cell disease developed glomerulonephritis 10 days following an aplastic crisis induced by human parvovirus B 19 infection. An initial kidney biopsy showed focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 1 year later was compatible with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Renal tissue, tested by polymerase chain reaction, was positive for parvovirus, while the patient’s blood was negative. For the first time a direct relationship has been demonstrated between parvovirus infection and glomerulonephritis.