cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simian virus 40 large T antigen stably complexes with a 185-kilodalton host protein.

Abstract Stable interactions between simian virus 40 large T antigen and host proteins are believed to play a major role in the ability of the viral protein to transform cells in culture and induce tumors in vivo. Two of these host proteins, the retinoblastoma susceptibility protein (pRB) and p53, are products of tumor suppressor genes, suggesting that T antigen exerts at least a portion of its transforming activity by complexing with and inactivating the function of these proteins. While analyzing T antigen-host protein complexes in mouse cells, we noted a protein of 185 kDa (p185) which specifically coimmunoprecipitates with T antigen. Coimmunoprecipitation results from the formation of stable complexes between T antigen and p185. Complex formation is independent of the interactions of T antigen with pRB, p120, and p53. Furthermore, analysis of T-antigen mutants suggests that T antigen-p185 complex formation may be important in transformation by simian virus 40.
A quantitative ranking of the Biomedical Informatics serials.

We have developed a quantitative serial ranking system based on multiple citation analysis techniques, library use statistics, expert opinion, and selected distinguishing publication characteristics. Evaluation criteria categories include: average Science Citation Index (Impact Factor, Immediacy Index, Total citations) rankings from 1987 to 1992; citation source counts of multiple "core" biomedical informatics publications; a questionnaire sent to American College of Medical Informatics Fellows; publication delay; distinguishing characteristics (e.g., subscription cost, total circulation, year established, places indexed, affiliation with a professional society, major biomedical resource library holdings); and the total number of interlibrary loan requests to the U. S. National Library of Medicine. The top serials were Computers and Biomedical Research, MD Computing, Methods of Information in Medicine, Medical Decision Making and Computers in Biology and Medicine.
Synthesis, stereocomplex crystallization and properties of poly(l-lactide)/four-armed star poly(d-lactide) functionalized carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Functionalized carbon nanotubes (F-CNTs) were synthesized through the nucleophilic substitution reaction between four-armed star poly(d-lactide) (4PDLA) and acryl chloride of carbon nanotubes and were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the 4PDLA was successfully grafted onto carbon nanotubes, and it contained 45.5 wt% of 4PDLA. Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites with different F-CNTs content were prepared by solution casting. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results showed that F-CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the nanocomposites. Crystallization behavior and crystal structure of PLLA nanocomposites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results found that poly(lactide) stereocomplex crystal could be formed between PLLA and F-CNTs. F-CNTs played different roles in the process of solution casting and melting crystallization. Polarizing microscope also revealed that crystallization temperature had a significant effect on the nucleation and spherulites growth of PLLA. Thermal stability and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. These results demonstrated that the addition of F-CNTs obviously improved thermal stability and tensile strength of PLLA. The results showed that PLLA/F-CNTs would have potential values in engineering fields. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Harlem Shadows: Re-evaluating Wallace Thurman's The Blacker the Berry

Wallace Thurman's first novel, The Blacker the Berry, appeared at an extremely productive time for this young turk of the Harlem Renaissance-and in many ways, this novel reflects his complex interrogation of racial, sexual, and cultural identity more completely than any of his other works. Three and a half years after arriving in New York City, he had a banner year in 1929 with the publication of The Blacker the Berry and the Broadway production of the play he co-wrote with William Jourdan Rapp, Harlem: A Melodrama of Negro Life. These two works and other shorter writings of the late 1920s reveal how much the transformational allure of Harlem had fascinated Thurman. Taken in such a context, Blacker is clear testament to the vivacity and variety of this place Thurman calls the "city of surprises." In several essays on Harlem reprinted in The Collected Writings of Wallace Thurman, Thurman makes it clear that Harlem is more than a black mecca (an early title for his 1929 play); it is a site of considerable-even revolutionary-social and personal possibilities, a stage for upheavals and transformations of identity that could re-organize and complicate the way the self is perceived and presented. In a 1927 essay, "Harlem: A Vivid Word Picture," Thurman writes:
Proportionate-type NLMS algorithms based on maximization of the joint conditional PDF for the weight deviation vector

In this paper, we present a proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithm which operates by choosing adaptive gains at each time step in a manner designed to maximize the joint conditional probability that the next-step coefficient estimates reach their optimal values. We compare and show that the performance of the joint maximum conditional probability density function (PDF) one-step algorithm is superior to the proportionate normalized least mean square algorithm when operating on a sparse impulse response. We also show that the new algorithm is superior to a previously introduced algorithm which assumed that the conditional PDF could be represented by the product of the marginal conditional PDFs, i.e., that the weight deviations are mutually conditionally independent.
Structure of Connexin43 and its Regulation by pHi

Electrical coupling in the heart provides an effective mechanism for propagating the cardiac action potential efficiently throughout the entire heart. Cells within the heart are electrically coupled through specialized membrane channels called gap junctions. Studies have shown that gap junctions are dynamic, carefully regulated channels that are important for normal cardiogenesis. We have recently been interested in the molecular mechanisms by which intracellular acidification leads to gap junction channel closure. Previous results in this lab have shown that truncation of the carboxyl terminal (CT) of connexin43 (Cx43) does not interfere with functional channel expression. Further, the pH-dependent closure of Cx43 channels is significantly impaired by removal of this region of the protein. Other studies have shown that the CT is capable of interacting with its receptor even when not covalently attached to the channel protein. From these data we have proposed a particle-receptor model to explain the pH-dependent closure of Cx43 gap junction channels. Detailed analysis of the CT has revealed interesting new information regarding its possible structure. Here we review the most recent studies that have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of regulation of the cardiac gap protein Cx43.
Imaging of intrathoracic disease with indium 111-labeled leukocytes.

Indium 111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy provides an excellent noninvasive means for identifying and localizing infectious and inflammatory sites within the body. This article first compares gallium 67 citrate, the long-established radiopharmaceutical for infection imaging, to {sup 111}In-labeled leukocytes, particularly as applied to the chest. {sup 111}In-labeled leukocytes require time-consuming preparation, and the technical and practical aspects of cell labeling and imaging are reviewed in detail. The main focus of this article is the application of labeled leukocyte imaging to the evaluation of pleural, mediastinal, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disease.49 references.
Blood pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass: Which technique is accurate?

To evaluate the accuracy with which a patient's aortic blood pressure can be estimated upon separating from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), simultaneously recorded radial artery pressure, oscillometric brachial artery pressure, pressure in the CPB circuit, and the surgeon's estimate of blood pressure by aortic palpation were compared to directly measured aortic root pressure. After obtaining institutional approval and written informed consent, 20 patients requiring CPB for cardiac operations were studied. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with fentanyl, vecuronium, and enflurane. Blood pressure measurements were made before CPB and repeated 2, 5, and 10 minutes after discontinuation of CPB. Radial artery systolic pressure before CPB and radial artery mean pressure 10 minutes after CPB were different from the aortic root pressures (P < 0.05). Although the other radial artery pressures and the surgeon's estimate of systolic aortic pressure were statistically similar to the aortic root pressures, the range of differences was clinically significant. The oscillometric technique and CPB line were poor estimates of aortic root pressure. Of the techniques used to estimate aortic blood pressure, including radial arterial, oscillometric, aortic line of the CPB circuit, and digital palpation, the radial arterial was the best, and the aortic line from the CPB machine and palpation by the surgeon were the worst. When a clinician is unsure of the blood pressure during separation from CPB, direct measurement of central aortic blood pressure is advised.
Age-related neuropathology, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's disease

In the last 20 years, there have been tremendous strides made in the understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that occur during brain aging, as well as our understanding of age-related disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive performance, and is the biggest risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the underlying basis for both of these observations is poorly defined. Both normal aging and AD are associated with overlapping and increased levels of pathology. Numerous reports have now linked elevations in pathology as potential mediators of cognitive decline in the elderly, with most studies focusing on the role of AD-related pathology. However, it is important to point out that there are numerous other pathological features observed in the aging brain including corpora amylacea, argyrophilic grains, neuromelanin, and lipofuscin. In this review, I discuss the decreased cognitive performance observed during normal aging, the potential for pathology to alter neuronal function and neuronal viability during normal brain aging, and the potential for common pathologies to either inhibit or promote the development of age-related disorders such as AD.
Isotope dynamic mixing and vibronic structure

Abstract Existing theories which deal with the isotope dependence of vibronic structure have neglected the isotope dependence of vibration dynamics. The latter dependence (isotope dynamic mixing) is an adiabatic correction to vibronic structure theory. A theory of vibronic structure, which includes isotope dynamic mixing, is developed. The results of model calculations are presented.
10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence

We have measured the concentration of the cosmogenic isotope10Be in soil samples from various horizons at six sites, including three independently dated Rappahannock River terraces and a previously undated Piedmont soil to which we have assigned an age. All of the incident10Be can be accounted for in one of these soils and a second is within a factor of two. In three soils, whose concentrations vary widely with depth, a significant fraction of the incident10Be cannot be accounted for. Incomplete sampling, and enhanced Be mobility caused by organic components, are the probable reasons for the low inventory of Be from these three soils. Overall, the data from these six sites indicate that10Be accumulation could be used to assign ages to soils if Be is not mobilized and lost from the soil profile.
Fatal Air Bag Mediated Craniocervical Trauma in a Child

This case report describes a 5-year-old child who sustained fatal craniocervical injuries as the result of an inflating automobile air bag. Although air bags have in general been shown to reduce the severity of injury to occupants of vehicles involved in front-end collisions, a growing number of incidents suggests that in some instances the air bag system itself may cause injuries, some of which can be serious or even fatal. Small children and infants in infant seats travelling in the front passenger seat appear to be particularly at risk. The increasing number of reports of air bag mediated injuries highlights the need for changes in both system design and possibly the threshold speed required for air bag deployment.
Structural monitoring of composite marine piles using multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors: in-field applications

The goal of this project is to obtain structural health monitoring data using optical fiber Bragg grating sensors embedded in the filament-wound composite tube of a load carrying pile. This technology has applications for structural health monitoring of bridges, piers, and other post-supported infrastructure. These sensors provide strain data for the life history of the pile including pre-installation, installation, residual strains due to the installation process, and health monitoring for the lifetime of the pile. This paper describes the embedding process for the multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors into a 2-ft diameter, 60-ft long composite shell including composite manufacturing lay-up, sensor orientation, and ingress/egress of the optical fiber lead from the composite shell. The paper then discusses in-field tests of the monitoring system. Results from the sensor system will provide civil engineers with a greater understanding of load transfer in the composite pile system. Long term structural monitoring of the composite piles will also be demonstrated with this technology. The purposes of these tests are to: 1) determine the survivability of the sensor arrays during a pile driving process, 2) measure strains on the filament wound composite shell following the pile driving process, and 3) determine if structural integrity issues are observed from the strain data.
Superoxide dismutase-3 promotes full expression of the EPO response to hypoxia.

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is the primary extracellular enzymatic scavenger of superoxide (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(^{{\cdot}}\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}\) \end{document}). SOD3's expression is highest in the kidney, but its distribution and biologic functions there are unknown. To investigate the function of renal SOD3, we colocalized it with erythropoietin (EPO) to proximal tubules using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We then exposed wild-type (Wt) and SOD3 knock-out (KO) mice to hypoxia and found a late hematocrit response in the KO strain. EPO mRNA expression was attenuated in KO mice during the first 6 hours of hypoxia preceded at 2 hours by less accumulation of nuclear hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 α (HIF-1α) protein. Meanwhile KO mice exposed to hypoxia showed increases in renal mRNA for superoxide-producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX4) and early significant increases in glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/glutathione (GSH), a marker of oxidative stress, compared with Wt mice. Plasma nitrite/nitrate and renal 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTyr), indicating peroxynitrite formation, increased later in hypoxia, and renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein induction was similar in both strains. These data show that hypoxic activation of HIF-1α and its target gene EPO in mouse kidney is regulated closely by the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium involving SOD3, thus identifying renal SOD3 as a regulatory element in the body's innate adaptation to hypoxia.
Towards understanding ambivalence in educational policy outcomes in Kenya

Abstract Five decades after independence, the majority of Kenyan children do not receive quality education and live with limited economic and social opportunities. To this end, why have educational policies not worked as intended? I use Chabal and Daloz's (1999) framework to argue that good policies have not produced intended outcomes; instead, their implementations have delimited educational, social, and economic opportunities. Lackluster policy outcomes have perpetuated concentration of power and wealth, fostered weak public institutions, and destabilized citizenry while normalizing chaos.
Secrets or No Secrets: Confidentiality in Couple Therapy

This paper discusses secrecy in couple therapy from ethical and clinical perspectives. The author explains what secrets mean in terms of therapy and then moves to what controversies are raised by revealing or withholding secrets. The author reviews and evaluates current approaches to handling secrets in couple therapy regarding the use of informed consent. Additionally, the manner of implementation serves as another variable. In this paper, the author presents several scenarios which are widely used. The article ends with a call for further research on how the change of formats in therapy affects confidentiality.
The Effect of β-Blocker Use on Cyclosporine Level in Cardiac Transplant Recipients

Background β-Blockers are frequently used after cardiac transplantation for blood pressure control. There is no well-known interaction between β-blockers and cyclosporine A (CsA). However, recent reports have suggested that carvedilol, but not metoprolol, modulates P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane protein that regulates CsA absorption. We evaluated the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on CsA level when initiated in cardiac transplant recipients. Methods Using our cardiac transplant database, we identified patients who were started on either carvedilol or metoprolol for blood pressure control. We then compared their CsA doses and levels before and within 2 weeks after the initiation of β-blocker therapy. Results We found 20 patients taking metoprolol and 12 patients taking carvedilol. With initiation of metoprolol, CsA level decreased in 12 patients and increased in 8 patients. The mean CsA level before and after metoprolol initiation was 236 ng/ml and 253 ng/ml, respectively ( p = 0.50). In an attempt to maintain a therapeutic CsA level, the mean CsA dose was not significantly adjusted (from a mean of 293 mg/day to a mean of 294 mg/day; p = 0.92). In the Carvedilol Group, CsA level increased in 10 of 12 patients. The mean CsA level before the initiation of carvedilol was 257 ng/ml. The mean CsA level after carvedilol initiation was 380 ng/ml ( p = 0.009). In an attempt to maintain a therapeutic CsA level, the mean CsA dose was reduced by 10%, from a mean of 319 mg/day to a mean of 288 mg/day ( p = 0.004). Conclusion Carvedilol, but not metoprolol, was associated with a significant increase in CsA levels after initiation in cardiac transplant recipients. Although carvedilol and CsA do not interact at the level of cytochrome P450 system, it appears that carvedilol influences CsA levels through its effects on P-gp. An average reduction of 10% is necessary on the CsA dose upon initiation of carvedilol, and close follow-up of the level is essential.
Buddhist Monks and Ethnic Politics: A War Zone in an Island Paradise

A partir d'une recherche de terrain realisee entre 1991 et 1996, l'A. examine le role des moines bouddhistes cingalais dans le conflit qui oppose les Cingalais au Tamouls au Sri Lanka, mettant en evidence les positions sociales et religieuses du Sangha, l'ordre des moines bouddhistes, notamment dans le contexte nouveau de la societe moderne. Il decrit d'abord la conception qu'ont les moines de leur role social qui s'exprime par la notion de samaja sevaya. Il examine ensuite la relation entre les moines et la societe laique. Selon l'A. la societe laique cingalaise tend majoritairement a situer le role du Sangha dans le domaine religieux et rituel, et non dans le domaine social et politique. Selon lui, l'approche qui veut que les moines bouddhistes constituent un obstacle a la paix, constitue une phobie des politiciens imbus de pouvoir, et une construction imaginaire des elites urbaines et des observateurs occidentaux, contribuant ainsi a retarder le necessaire partage du pouvoir entre les parties en conflit.
Communication and mutual resource exchange in north Florida hermit crabs

The patterns of shell exchange in three species of hermit crabs which overlap in distribution and shell use were observed in the laboratory. Crabs showed no tendency to initiate more exchanges with conspecifics as compared with nonconspecific individuals and there were no specific size dominance effects. Lack of common communicatory patterns betweenClibararius vittatus andPagurus pollicaris was correlated with minimal actual exchange, whilePagurus impressus exchanged with both species and executed patterns in common with both. The pattern of shell exchanges and preferences indicated that, in some cases, both individuals may gain in interspecific exchanges.
Observations on methodological and measurement challenges in the assessment of communication during medical exchanges.

Abstract Reviews of medically related communication research clearly demonstrate that physicians have been studied far longer and more frequently than any other type of health care provider; nevertheless, much of what is known is limited to what is said by primarily male, White, primary care physicians during the delivery of outpatient care. Furthermore, the majority of communication studies assess medical communication largely as a physician monologue with only occasional attention to what an individual patient may say back. Limitations of the literature are obvious. Little is known about the role of a patient companion during medical visits or the consequence of patient and provider race and gender concordance (or discordance) on interpersonal dynamics. We do not know very much about relationships under stress or how patients and providers respond in those rare, but critically important events when observational techniques in the natural setting are logistically impossible or otherwise inappropriate. While it is difficult to argue with the basic tenets of ecological validity and the value of authentic settings for observational studies, the contribution of simulations and analogue studies to our understanding of medical dynamics is worthy of consideration. This essay explores methodological and design challenges related to broadening the study of medical communication through more creative and thoughtful study designs.
Does This Friend Make Me Look Fat? Appearance-Related Comparisons Within Women's Close Friendships

The present research investigated the effects of close friends on women's body image and the moderating role of comfort with intimacy. Female participants wrote about a thin or heavy close friend prior to completing implicit (Study 1) and explicit (Study 2) body image measures. Results revealed that participants who avoided intimacy experienced contrast effects, feeling worse about their bodies following exposure to thin friends. However, these effects were attenuated, and sometimes reversed, among participants comfortable with intimacy. Thus, close friends—and the comfort with intimacy within those friendships—have important implications for women's body image.
Effects of Positive Reputation Systems

Abstract For a given population of potential trustees—actors or objects in whom others may seek to place trust—a positive reputation system is a formalized or institutionalized procedure or process by which a particular positive reputation is acquired or lost. Positive reputation systems are common in modern society. Examples include awarding of certifications, awards, credentials, and positive reviews. This study mathematically derives effects of two general characteristics of such systems—how easy it is to get a reputation and how effective the reputation is at discriminating between cooperators and noncooperators—in the context of a third factor, the proportion of cooperators in the population. Some findings are as follows. The gain in confidence from a potential trustee having a reputation is a U-shaped function of reputation ease, with maximum depending on proportion of cooperators in the population. For potential trustees with a positive reputation, and trustors seeking and able to make deals with a limited number of trustees with positive reputations, the reputation is worth more the harder it is to get. However, when reputation effectiveness is moderate to high, the worth of a potential trustee with a positive reputation compared to the worth of a potential trustee without one becomes maximal when reputation is easy. The study also suggests a way to model continuous positive reputation systems—ones in which positive reputations are acquired gradually, as through amassing references.
Fluidized Bed Solar Collector

An air fluidized bed, contained in the wall cavity of an exterior building wall, forms the basis of a new solar collector design which is simpler than a water-cooled collector and has a thermal performance superior to that of an air-cooled collector. The fluidized bed serves as an intermediate heat transfer medium between a solar flux absorbed on the external building surface and a liquid thermal transfer loop. Fluidized beds yield heat-transfer coefficients an order of magnitude higher than single phase air flow. Low density particles are used in the bed to minimize power consumption. When defluidized, the bed acts as a good thermal insulator. Recent experimental results are presented for the heat-transfer coefficients of the immersed tubes, bounding walls, the effective conductivity of the bed, and the overall full-scale thermal design efficiency for various low density materials. Structural and power consumption performance is examined as well. An integrated fluidized bed solar collector design is proposed and compared with representative water and air collector designs.
The Discipline of Foreign Language Studies and Reforming Foreign Language Education

I read with great interest the position paper of the MLA Ad Hoc Committee on Foreign Lan guages. The committee is to be applauded for ad dressing issues and suggesting possible solutions that have been an agreed upon mainstay of the professional conversation for many years, though not necessarily at the MLA. In fact, I view this re port as an effort by the MLA to regain a voice in the area of collegiate foreign language (FL) education. It is to be welcomed by anybody who wants to see the MLA as a strong, relevant voice in advocating for (collegiate) FL instruction in the United States. Borrowing a phrase used by the committee, I will be "ungraciously blunt" in my comments. Criticism, as they say, can be a particularly gen erous kind of praise. But before addressing the content of the report, I want to make these obser vations about its creation. It is unfortunate that
Readying the Health Education Specialist for Emergencies

This article provides a resourceful guide for the health education specialist to improve emergency management knowledge and skills specific to their setting, including training and preparing for emergencies and providing adequate support to students, clients, and colleagues. Five steps guide competent health education practice before, during, and after a crisis event. Free training resources and priority actions are emphasized. The authors underscore professional benefits of emergency readiness that align with performance expectations established by the Coalition of National Health Education Organizations, including promoting and protecting the health of individuals, families, and communities and providing education and services to reduce costly premature deaths and disability.
Die enzymatische Synthese von Ribonucleinsäure (RNS)

Ribonucleinsaure (RNS) ist an der Biosynthese der Proteine beteiligt. In einigen Viren ist sie Trager der genetischen Information. Aus Azotobacter vinelandii konnte ein Enzym, Polynucleotid-Phosphorylase, isoliert werden, das die Bildung hochmolekularer RNS aus Nucleosid-diphosphaten auch im Reagensglas katalysiert. Die Synthese mus durch Zugabe von Oligo- oder Polynucleotiden gestartet werden. Die Starter-Wirkung der Polynucleotide weist eine begrenzte Spezifitat auf. — Ribonucleinsauren bilden in Losung Komplexe, denen die Struktur einer zwei- oder drei-strangigen Helix zukommt. Die Polynucleotid-Ketten werden in diesen Komplexen durch Wasserstoff-Brucken zwischen den Purin- und Pyrimidin-Basen zusammengehalten.
Artificial Limbs and Industrial Workers' Bodies in Turn-of-the-Century Pittsburgh

This article examines artificial limb manufacturers' strategies for marketing their products to Pittsburgh industrial workers at the turn of the twentieth century. Pittsburgh was home to some of the nation's most mechanized and dangerous workplaces by 1900, leading to medical and economic problems for its workers and a public image dilemma for city leaders. Prostheses promised to solve these crises by reconstructing the diligent, untiring worker's body for the glory of both the individual and the Steel City. Limb-makers' advertising materials, especially mail-order product catalogues, suggested four ways in which the injured worker should think of his rehabilitated body: as an illusion that made him "normal" once again; as a sophisticated whole that allowed him to enjoy a new social milieu; as a machine that represented American technological perfection; and as a tool that gamed him reentry into the workplace. Together, these appeals presented a vision of the working body that depended upon equal measures of utility and consumerism. The results of these prosthetic campaigns were mixed, offering workers renewed physical capabilities even as they failed to address the stark inequities and daily hazards of modern industrial work.
Young Adults’ Perceptions of Intergenerational Communication: Mongolian and American Data

This study examines Mongolian and American young adults’ perceptions of intergenerational communication, specifically with respect to age stereotypes, norms of respect, communication behavior, and communication satisfaction. Using the Communication Predicament of Aging Model as a theoretical framework, the relationships between these variables are investigated using regression analyses. Young adults from both cultural contexts were asked to evaluate prior interactions with both middle-aged and older adults. The findings indicate a difference between how each generation is perceived, and the unique role of the middle-aged generation in Mongolia is evident.
Measurement of IR optics with linear coupling's action-angle parametrization

Linear coupling's action-angle parametrization is convenient for interpretation of turn-by-turn beam position monitor (BPM) data. We demonstrate how to apply this parametrization to extract Twiss and coupling parameters in interaction regions (IRs), using BPMs on each side of a long IR drift region. Example data were acquired at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, using an ac dipole to excite a single transverse eigenmode. We have measured the waist of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ function and its Twiss and coupling parameters.
Post-ischemic hypothermia for 24h in P7 rats rescues hippocampal neuron: association with decreased astrocyte activation and inflammatory cytokine expression.

Abstract Hypothermia is an effective method for reducing the neuronal damage induced by hypoxia–ischemia (HI) but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the effects of post-HI hypothermia on the developing brain, 7-day-old rats were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by 8% oxygen for 2 h. They were divided into a hypothermia group (rectal temperature 32–33 °C for 24 h) and a normothermia group (36–37 °C for 24 h) immediately after hypoxia–ischemia. Animals were sacrificed at 12, 24 and 72 h for gene analysis and 0, 1, 3 and 7 days for protein analysis after HI. There was a significant decrease in infarct volume in the hypothermia group at 7 days after HI compared with that in the normothermia group. The hypothermia group had more neuronal nuclei (NeuN) positive neurons and lower levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA and immunoreactivity in the hippocampus CA1 region than the normothermia group. Real-time PCR showed no significant difference in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA expression in the hippocampus in the two groups at various time points after HI. However, GDNF protein level was significantly increased in the hypothermia group. On the other hand, mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were dramatically decreased in the hypothermia compared with the normothermia group. The present findings highlight an apparent association between inhibition of hippocampal neuron loss by hypothermia and decreased astrocytosis and inflammatory cytokine release after hypoxia–ischemia in the developing brain.
Selective impairment of humoral immunity in feline leukemia virus-induced immunodeficiency.

Abstract We used a panel of in vitro assays to investigate the nature of immune dysfunction in cats infected with FeLV-FAIDS, a naturally occurring, molecularly cloned feline leukemia virus (FeLV) isolate which induces a fatal immunodeficiency syndrome in infected cats. During the asymptomatic period preceding immunodeficiency disease, we were unable to detect any deficits in concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis, xenogeneic mixed-lymphocyte reaction assays, stimulation of lymphocytes by soluble protein antigen, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte assays. However, during this period humoral immune responses in the FeLV-FAIDS-infected cats were dramatically impaired. As early as 9 weeks after virus inoculation, the ability to mount either an IgM or IgG response to soluble protein antigens was lost. Neither B cell function, as assessed by lipopolysaccharide-induced blastogenesis or circulating B cell numbers, as assessed by immunofluorescence, differed between infected and control cats. These results suggests that FeLV-FAIDS infection may impair a subpopulation of T helper cells, that provides help for the production of antibody. Consistent with earlier observations of cats naturally infected with FeLV, our results indicate that early impairment of humoral imunity is an important component of the immunodeficiency syndrome induced by FeLV in cats.
An Age Dependent Epidemic Model

Abstract The model presented here describes the spread of an infection in a population by keeping track of the chronological ages of the participants as well as their “class ages” (i.e. the length of time since entering their present state). The reasoning behind this model is similar to that used in the equation of age dependent population growth.
In vitro Culture of Yaba Virus-induced Tumour from Monkeys

Bearcroft and Jamieson1 discovered a tumour on the face of a rhesus monkey imported from India to their laboratory in West Africa. In rapid succession, similar tumours appeared in other Asian monkeys housed in the same colony. Andrewes et al.2,3 demonstrated that the tumour was produced by a virus which probably belongs in the pox group. Investigators at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute4–9 classified this tumour as a histiocytoma and demonstrated (by electron microscopy) that the virus was indistinguishable from other viruses of the pox group, although no antigenic relationship to vaccinia or monkey pox virus could be demonstrated. The virus, when inoculated intravenously, produced lesions in the skin and internal organs of Asiatic monkeys, but monkeys imported from Africa appeared to be immune. The susceptibility of human beings to this virus was observed in a laboratory accident in which an injection needle containing Yaba virus suspension accidentally penetrated the skin of an investigator6.
Isoprenoid Metabolism and the Pleiotropic Effects of Statins

Convincing evidence from basic research and animal studies shows that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors (ie, statins) exert cardiovascular protective effects beyond cholesterol lowering. Because of the central role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in mediating vascular pathology and the efficacy of statins for lowering LDL cholesterol, the clinical importance of these additional nonlipid effects remains to be determined. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence from recent clinical trials that suggests that some of the beneficial effects of statins may be unrelated to changes in LDL cholesterol. Indeed, in animal studies many of the cholesterol-independent or pleiotropic effects of statins are due predominantly to inhibition of isoprenoid, but not cholesterol, synthesis. Thus, with the recent findings of the Heart Protection Study and Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm, the potential cholesterol-independent effects of statins have shifted the treatment strategy from numerical lipid parameters to the global assessment of cardiovascular risks.
Partial cytochrome b deficiency and generalized dystonia

An 18-year-old female had clinical features of idiopathic torsion dystonia with bilateral hypodense putaminal lesions on computed tomography. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy was suspected because of persistent lactic acidemia and myopathy. Studies of oxidative metabolism on isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria revealed partial cytochrome b deficiency indicating a defect in the cytochrome b- c1 complex. This finding represents a unique, multisystem syndrome of progressive dystonia, putaminal degeneration, myopathy, and mitochondrial cytochrome b deficiency. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders may be a cause of torsion dystonia when other known associated factors are absent.
LOGISTICS PARTNERSHIPS AND SUPPLY CHAIN RESTRUCTURING: SURVEY RESULTS FROM THE U.S. COMPUTER INDUSTRY

This research investigates the interaction between formation of logistics partnerships and supply chain restructuring in the U.S. computer industry via a survey of 30 ongoing partnerships. Partnerships that have included restructuring are compared to those that have not. Examples of representative partnerships are presented. The survey results indicate that restructurers use partnerships to facilitate restructuring. Restructurers and non-restructurers form partnerships for different reasons and realize different types of benefits. Furthermore, restructurers realize greater benefits than do non-restructurers and view their partnerships as more successful. Restructurers report dramatic improvements in logistics cost (1l-30%) and order cycle time (62%). The research contributes to the existing literature by highlighting restructuring as an important aspect of logistics partnership formation and by presenting empirical data that shows how the two strategies are linked.
Talking about treatment: the language of populations and the language of individuals.

As physicians, we need to become bilingual—we must speak the language of populations as well as the language of individual patients. If we are fluent in both languages, we remind ourselves that we ...
Leak detection with liquid helium

Abstract A method for approximately locating ultra-small leaks in a superconducting cyclotron magnet cryostat has been developed using liquid helium. A method for locating ultra-small leaks using cold helium gas (
The exocyst component Sec5 is required for membrane traffic and polarity in the Drosophila ovary

The directed traffic of membrane proteins to the cell surface is crucial for many developmental events. We describe the role of Sec5, a member of the exocyst complex, in directed membrane traffic in the Drosophila oocyte. During oogenesis, we find that Sec5 localization undergoes dynamic changes, correlating with the sites at which it is required for the traffic of membrane proteins. Germline clones of sec5 possess defects in membrane addition and the posterior positioning of the oocyte. Additionally, the impaired membrane trafficking of Gurken, the secreted ligand for the EGF receptor, and Yolkless, the vitellogenin receptor, results in defects in dorsal patterning and egg size. However, we find the cytoskeleton to be correctly oriented. We conclude that Sec5 is required for directed membrane traffic, and consequently for the establishment of polarity within the developing oocyte.
Large-Scale Interventions in Science Education: The Road to Utopia?.

This article provides commentary on the five articles in this issue on large-scale interventions in science education for diverse student groups in varied educational settings. Using these articles as a point of departure, I discuss three challenges to science education research and practice. The first concerns the changed meaning of science education reform over the past two decades. The science education research and development community must be aware of the shifting policy and public awareness context of their work and react accordingly if it wishes for its work to make a difference in the lives of teachers and students. The second addresses the importance of teacher professional development and the role that well-designed and internally valid research plays in developing knowledge in this area. The third discusses the chaotic and contradictory nature of educational policy in this country and argues that our field needs to align our research work with the ways in which real and impactful decisions are made about education in general and science education in particular. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 420–427, 2012
Colonialism from the Middle: African Clerks as Historical Actors and Discursive Subjects

In a review of my first published book one of the founding figures of african historical studies suggested that instead of giving so much attention to European colonial administrators and African traditional chiefs I should have focused upon “the clerks, the schoolmasters and the evangelists, who were to take the lead when indirect rule had failed.” The terms in which this admonition was expressed implies a confidence in the nationalist project of “educated elites” that is less tenable today than it was during the 1960s. Nonetheless, in the late stages of my own career I have come to the conclusion that of the various occupational categories cited by Roland Oliver, African clerks do deserve greater examination than they have received so far in the historiography of colonial Africa. However, if they do prefigure the political leadership of postcolonial Africa, it is less in the heroic and innovative mode of “nation-building” than in the more problematic and continuous role as “gate-keepers,” or “brokers” (honest or not) between subject populations and external sources of power/patronage.I am not alone in this concern and an entire recent volume of essays has been dedicated to the study of such colonial “African intermediaries.” I contributed a chapter to this book and have continued to pursue a study of colonialism from “the middle” (as opposed to the “above” of my previous work as well as the social history “from below” that emerged in more recent decades). The focus of my research on this topic is upon two figures who are of both historical and literary significance: Amadou Hampâte Bâ (1900-1991), the very renowned Malian writer and scholar who produced a memoir about his early career as a colonial clerk; and “Wangrin,” a clerk and interpreter of an earlier generation, who is the subject of Hampâte Bâ's most widely read book.
Effects of Turbidity and Visual vs. Chemical Cues on Anti-Predator Response in the Endangered Fountain Darter (Etheostoma fonticola)

Altered turbidity resulting from anthropogenic stressors is a global problem. Threatened by climate change, pollution, and increased recreational usage, the streams and rivers of central Texas are no exception. The impacts of turbidity include behavioral effects as turbidity degrades visual information, which can impair an animal's ability to accurately detect and respond to a predator. Here, we tested the impact of simulated turbidity on anti-predator response in the endangered fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola. We examined the response of E. fonticola to four predator cue treatments (chemical, visual, chemical and visual, and no cues) using a native predator, the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). All cue treatments were tested across two vision levels: clear and impaired, to simulate the visual effects of low turbidity (~30 NTU). Our results indicate that E. fonticola requires a combination of visual and chemical stimuli to respond to a native fish predator. In the absence of one or the other sensory modality, E. fonticola did not show an anti-predator response. Also, anti-predator response to a combination of visual and chemical stimuli was only present at the clear vision level. When vision was impaired owing to simulated turbidity, a combination of visual and chemical stimuli did not produce a significant anti-predator response. These results indicate that blocked or compromised vision hampers anti-predator response in E. fonticola, which may be of concern regarding the future management of this endangered species.
Creep failure and fracture of polyethylene in uniaxial extension

It is shown that under conditions of uniaxial creep the fracture of high density polyethylene can be categorized as one of three types, depending upon the magnitude of the applied load, molecular architecture, and environment. When subjected to relatively large loads, the specimens neck and then fracture almost immediately. At the other extreme of very small initial loadings, the specimens fracture in a brittle fashion through crack formation and growth. In the intermediate range of loadings the specimens neck and, depending upon the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, may then elongate substantially before fracture. It is shown that the uniaxial creep behavior for the region where drawing occurs, when plotted in terms of isochrones, represents a type of phase diagram, one boundary of which describes the fracture enelope. In addition, experiments employing different constant rate of loading histories are described and an additivity of damage criterion used to predict the time to failure under constant load conditions, and visa versa.
Erlotinib sensitizes hepatocellular cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced cell death

INTRODUCTION: TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is emerging as a promising anti-cancer therapy by virtue of its strong anti-tumor activity in wide range of cancer cells. Unfortunately,Hepatocellular cancer is resistant toTRAIL.Development of strategies to overcome this resistance will lead to emergence of novel therapies for this difficult to treat malignancy. EGFR dependent signaling pathways are up-regulated in multiple cancer cells and induce resistance to chemotherapy and apoptosis. In this study we evaluated whether erlotinib, an inhibitor of EGFR signaling, sensitizes hepatocellular cancer cells to TRAIL induced cell death.
Platelet secretory products have a damaging effect on neurons

We studied the direct effect of platelet secretory products on rat spinal cord explants. Morphological changes in the ventral horn neurons were assessed after staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Compared to control, exposure to platelet secretory products was associated with a significant decrease in the number of AChE-positive neurons per ventral horn. Aspirin appeared to partially prevent this neurotoxicity. These results suggest that platelet secretory products may contribute to neuronal injury.