cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional and Nonclinical Similarity of ABP 980, a Biosimilar of Trastuzumab

The in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic assessment of ABP 980 similarity to its reference product is intended to compare the activity of ABP 980 and trastuzumab and support the overall conclusion of similarity based on a comprehensive analytical and functional evaluation. This work complements the primary assessment of functional similarity with additional in vitro assays, binding studies, and non-clinical studies including human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) kinetic binding, HER2 signaling, HER2 internalization, synergy with docetaxel chemotherapy, FcγR kinetic binding, primary natural killer and monocyte cell binding, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activity, in vivo xenograft studies, and toxicokinetic parameters. The results contribute to the totality of evidence with respect to functional similarity and support that ABP 980 is similar to trastuzumab in all primary and secondary mechanisms of action. These results also support the scientific justification of extrapolation to all approved indications of trastuzumab given the established functional similarity of the two products and the same mechanisms of action across all conditions of use.
Home visits for Parkinson disease—a window into a murky situation

Increasingly immobile Parkinson disease (PD) patients may become home-bound or bed-bound, representing a major obstacle to their optimal care. Evidence regarding best practices in this murky situation is scant. The study by Fleisher and colleagues provides new insights into the issues faced by home-bound PD patients, and examines new potential evaluation and treatment approaches to improve their management.
Chapter 7 – QUANTUM MECHANICS

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the use of group theory in quantum mechanics. For solutions to the wave equation with a central field V = V (|r|), the angular parts of the wave functions are the spherical harmonics Yml (θ, ϕ). An eigen function can in principle be found for each eigenstate, and the energy of each state is determined by a principal quantum number n and the orbital quantum number l. The transformation properties of scalar wave functions are a scalar quantity that at every point gives a definite value and this value is independent of coordinate system. The scalar quantity has different functional forms in different coordinate systems. According to theorem that relates group theory to quantum mechanics, eigenfunctions that have the same eigenvalue form a basis of a representation of G. Also, eigenfunctions that are partners of an irreducible representation have the same eigenvalue.
Veterans Affairs and Rural Community Providers’ Perspectives on Interorganizational Care Coordination: A Qualitative Analysis

Objective To investigate challenges in care coordination between US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics and community providers serving rural veterans. Methods We completed qualitative interviews in 2017-2018 with a geographically diverse sample of 57 VA and community staff. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used Rapid Qualitative Inquiry (RQI) to guide analyses. Results Results suggested 5 pivotal domains related to interorganizational care coordination at these sites: organizational mechanisms; organizational culture; relational coordination; contextual factors; and the role of the third party administrators charged with management of scheduling and reimbursement of community services through recent legislation. Across these domains, strategies to bridge gaps between organizations (eg, contracts with third party administrators, development of VA-based community care offices, provision of boundary-spanning staff) at times exacerbated coordination challenges. Conclusions Steps taken to improve interorganizational care coordination between VA and community clinics may inadvertently complicate an already complex process. Our findings emphasize the importance of attending to key contextual barriers in coordinating care for rural veterans, and they illustrate the value of fundamental structural and relational approaches to enhancing such care coordination.
Understanding ESD Induced Thermal Mechanism in FinFETs Through Predictive TCAD Simulation

A predictive ESD TCAD deck including the workflow is developed for the 12nm FinFET technology. ESD failure in the I/O FET and ESDNFET is analyzed through TCAD simulation with calibrated silicon fin dimension-dependent thermal conductivity.
Machine-learning models for Raman spectra analysis of twisted bilayer graphene

Abstract The vibrational properties of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) show complex features, due to the intricate energy landscape of its low-symmetry configurations. A machine learning-based approach is developed to provide a continuous model between the twist angle and the simulated Raman spectra of tBLGs. Extracting the structural information of the twist angle from Raman spectra corresponds to solving a complicated inverse problem. Once trained, the machine learning regressors (MLRs) quickly provide predictions without human bias and with an average 98% of the data variance being explained by the model. The significant spectral features learned by MLRs are analyzed revealing the intensity profile near the calculated G-band to be the most important feature. The trained models are tested on noise-containing test data demonstrating their robustness. The transferability of the present models to experimental Raman spectra is discussed in the context of validation of the level of theory used for construction of the analyzed database. This work serves as a proof of concept that machine-learning analysis is a potentially powerful tool for interpretation of Raman spectra of tBLG and other 2D materials.
Lumbar Spine Injuries in Football

Football is a traumatic sport on the spine and injuries are common. A thorough understanding of the potential lumbar injuries and treatments is important for a medical staff taking care of a football team. Most injuries are minor and, with some basic treatment, an athlete can return to play quickly. However, catastrophic injuries do occur. Therefore, it is imperative to have a medical team aware of possible injuries, the treatment of injuries, a plan of care, and knowledge as to when to activate emergency services. Herein we will review the most common injuries to the spine that occur while playing football and review the basic care required.
Investigating the Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Welded-Wire Reinforcement

AbstractWelded-wire reinforcement (WWR) is widely used as the main reinforcement in bridge decks and vertical shear reinforcement in concrete bridge girders. Previous studies on concrete members re...
Why is AI hard and Physics simple

We discuss why AI is hard and why physics is simple. We discuss how physical intuition and the approach of theoretical physics can be brought to bear on the field of artificial intelligence and specifically machine learning. We suggest that the underlying project of machine learning and the underlying project of physics are strongly coupled through the principle of sparsity, and we call upon theoretical physicists to work on AI as physicists. As a first step in that direction, we discuss an upcoming book on the principles of deep learning theory that attempts to realize this approach.
Infrastructuring Telehealth in (In)Formal Patient-Doctor Contexts

Telehealth technologies have long remained on the peripheries of healthcare systems that prioritize in-person healthcare provision. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has foregrounded the need to formalize telehealth infrastructures, particularly teleconsultations, to ensure continued care provision through remote mechanisms. In the Indian healthcare context, prior to the pandemic, teleconsultations have been used to substitute for in-person consultations when possible, and to facilitate remote follow-up care without exacerbating pressures on limited personal resources. We conducted a survey and interview study to investigate doctors' and patients' perceptions, experiences, and expectations around teleconsultations, and how these contribute towards supplementing healthcare infrastructures in India, focusing on the changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe the efforts of our participants towards infrastructuring telehealth, examining how technologies were adapted to support teleconsultation, how expectations shifted, and how the dynamics of caregiving evolved through this transition. We present implications for the future design and uptake of telehealth, arguing that COVID-19's impact on teleconsultations lays the foundation for new telehealth infrastructures for more inclusive and equitable care.
Electrical resistivity of carbon granules in a fluidized bed

The purpose of this investigation was to study the parameters affect­ ing the apparent resistivity of a fluidized bed of carbon granules, to determine which parameters were important, and to correlate these para­ meters by means of a mathematical expression which could be used to pre­ dict the apparent resistivity. All determinations were made at room tem­ perature. The method used in determining resistivity values was the four terminal method of resistance measurement which employed two current ter­ minals and two potential terminals. The use of this method eliminated any contact resistance between the potential terminals and the bed. Measure­ ments of current and voltage drop together with bed dimensions gave values for the apparent resistivity according to the relationship R = pL/A, where R is resistance, p is apparent resistivity, L is the distance between probes and A is the cross-sectional area of the fluidized bed. It was observed that the resistivity of a given bed of material in­ creased with the time length of use. The resistivity increased rapidly at first and then it subsequently increased more gradually. The increase in resistivity was probably due to the elutriation of fines from the bed and perhaps polishing of individual particles by attrition. Materials used were petroleum coke, calcined coke and graphite having Tyler mesh sizes from -65 to +250 and in some cases, from -65 to +400. As the gas flow rate through a bed was increased from zero, the resis­ tivity remained constant at the relatively low value of the settled bed re­ sistivity. When the flow rate approached the minimum fluidization rate,
Sterigmatosporidium Kraepelin & Schulze

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Sterigmatosporidium genus and its member species. Growth of this genus on solid medium is white to cream-colored, either butyrous or rough. Haploid yeast cells are polymorphic, ovoid to cylindrical, and reproduce by polar budding, usually on spiny denticles or thin sterigmata with the septa at the distal end. Heterothallic sexual reproduction occurs following conjugation of haploid cells of opposite mating types. Self-sporulating strains occur, which develop dikaryotic hyphae with clamp connections. The sole member species of this genus is Sterigmatosporidium polymorphum . The cells of this species, after undergoing growth in 5% malt extract for three days at 20° C, appear as polymorphic and as singly, or bud on spiny denticles or sterigmata. New buds, which are ovoidal to spheroidal, separate from the distal end of the sterigmata or occasionally a sterigma breaks in the middle. After undergoing growth on 5% malt extract agar for one month at 20° C, the streak colonies of the haploid and the dikaryon are white to cream-colored, raised, butyrous, smooth with buds forming on short stalks, or the colonies may be rugoid in which the buds form on long sterigmata.
Vanadium complexes inhibit the growth of HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines

Cancer is characterized by an over-proliferation of cells that are no longer within control of the cell cycle. Platinum chemotherapeutic agents have been used effectively in cancer treatment but with adverse toxic effects. Recent studies suggest that complexes using vanadium (VCs) have effectively slowed or inhibited cancer cell growth through many methods, including the activation of apoptotic pathways. We synthesized novel VCs possessing different functional groups for this study. We hypothesized that these VCs act to inhibit cancer cell growth via induction of caspase 3/7. HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines were used as models of colon and breast cancer, respectively. Three different VCs were synthesized, each having a unique functional group (5-Br, 5-OMe, 3-OMe) that affected the electron density distribution within the VC. Using cell proliferation assays, efficacy of each VC was assessed in vitro. Treatments were applied for 24 hours in triplicate and the experiments were repeated on three separate occasions...
Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma

The expanded use of imaging in recent decades and its technical advances have allowed increased detection and characterization of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Imaging is considered essential in the management of RCC, not only for detection, but also for staging, surgical planning, guiding local ablative therapies, and assessing post-treatment response, including to targeted antiangiogenic therapy. In this chapter, we summarize the current status of imaging in each of these aspects and compare the strengths and weaknesses of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. The imaging features of different histologies of RCC and other solid renal masses are also discussed and illustrated.
Factor IX San Dimas: Substitution of glutamine for arg−4 in the propeptide leads to incomplete γ-carboxylation and altered phospholipid binding properties

DNA sequence analysis of the Factor IX gene from a hemophilia B patient (98% Factor IX antigen; less than 0.01 unit/ml clotting activity) has identified a point mutation in exon II. A guanine to adenine transition causes the substitution of a glutamine codon for an arginine codon at -4 in the propeptide of Factor IX. This variant, termed Factor IX San Dimas, circulates in the plasma as proFactor IX with a mutant 18-amino acid propeptide still attached. Like Factor IX Cambridge (Arg-1----Ser), Factor IX San Dimas is unable to express metal-induced epitopes recognized by conformation-specific polyclonal antibodies. Amino acid analysis of the alkaline hydrolysate indicates that purified Factor IX San Dimas contains a reduced number of gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues compared to Factor IX. However, this protein undergoes metal-induced quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence. In addition, Factor IX San Dimas is unable to interact with phospholipid vesicles. The absence of coagulant activity in Factor IX San Dimas can be attributed to impaired calcium-induced conformational changes and loss in the ability to bind phospholipid vesicles in the presence of calcium ions.
Topology of hybrid systems

We discuss topological issues that arise when differential equations and finite automata interact (hybrid systems). In particular, we examine topologies for achieving continuity of maps from a set of measurements of continuous dynamics to a finite set of input symbols and from a finite set of output symbols into the control space for those continuous dynamics. Finding some anomalies in completing this loop, we discuss a new view of hybrid systems that may broach them and is more in line with traditional control systems. In fact, the most widely used fuzzy control system is related to this new view and does not possess these anomalies. Indeed, we show that fuzzy control leads to continuous maps (from measurements to controls) and that all such continuous maps may be implemented via fuzzy control. >
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Sleep Disturbances: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

OBJECTIVES There is limited research on racial/ethnic variation in sleep disturbances. This study aimed to quantify the distributions of objectively measured sleep disordered breathing (SDB), short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and self-reported sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia) across racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Six US communities. PARTICIPANTS Racially/ethnically diverse men and women aged 54-93 y in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Sleep Cohort (n = 2,230). INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Information from polysomnography-measured SDB, actigraphy-measured sleep duration and quality, and self-reported daytime sleepiness were obtained between 2010 and 2013. Overall, 15.0% of individuals had severe SDB (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 30); 30.9% short sleep duration (< 6 h); 6.5% poor sleep quality (sleep efficiency < 85%); and 13.9% had daytime sleepiness. Compared with Whites, Blacks had higher odds of sleep apnea syndrome (AHI ≥ 5 plus sleepiness) (sex-, age-, and study site-adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20, 2.63), short sleep (OR = 4.95, 95% CI: 3.56, 6.90), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.48), and daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.60). Hispanics and Chinese had higher odds of SDB and short sleep than Whites. Among non-obese individuals, Chinese had the highest odds of SDB compared to Whites. Only 7.4% to 16.2% of individuals with an AHI ≥ 15 reported a prior diagnosis of sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances are prevalent among middle-aged and older adults, and vary by race/ethnicity, sex, and obesity status. The high prevalence of sleep disturbances and undiagnosed sleep apnea among racial/ethnic minorities may contribute to health disparities.
Polyoma small T antigen triggers cell death via mitotic catastrophe

Polyoma small T antigen (PyST), an early gene product of the polyoma virus, has been shown to cause cell death in a number of mammalian cells in a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-dependent manner. In the current study, using a cell line featuring regulated expression of PyST, we found that PyST arrests cells in mitosis. Live-cell and immunofluorescence studies showed that the majority of the PyST-expressing cells were arrested in prometaphase with almost no cells progressing beyond metaphase. These cells exhibited defects in chromosomal congression, sister chromatid cohesion and spindle positioning, resulting in the activation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). Prolonged mitotic arrest then led to cell death via mitotic catastrophe. Cell cycle inhibitors that block cells in G1/S prevented PyST-induced death. PyST-induced cell death that occurs during M is not dependent on p53 status. These data suggested, and our results confirmed that, PP2A inhibition could be used to preferentially kill cancer cells with p53 mutations that proliferate normally in the presence of cell cycle inhibitors.
Phase Equilibria in High‐Alumina Part of the System CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2

Results are presented of a study of phase equilibria among crystalline and liquid phases in the quaternary system CaO–MgO-Al2O3–SiO2 at Al2O3 contents greater than 35%. Equilibrium diagrams shown are for the five triangular joins CaAl2Si2O3-Ca2Al2SiO7-MgAl2O4, Ca2Al2SiO7-MgAl2O4-Al2O3, CaAl2Si2O8-MgO-Al2O3, CaAl2Si2O8-Mg2SiO4-MgAl2O4, and CaAl2Si2O8-MgO-Mg2SiO4. The composition and nature of the four quaternary peritectic points and the relationships of univariant lines and primary phase volumes are discussed.
Blocking Ca2+ mobilization with thapsigargin reduces neurite initiation in cultured adult rat DRG neurons

Abstract Adult rat DRG neurons rapidly extend extensive neuritic arbors after a 1–2-day delay in culture and generate large depolarization-induced calcium signals during this time period that are derived primarily from intracellular calcium release. To assess whether intracellular calcium mobilization is required for neurite initiation, calcium stores were depleted by brief exposure to the irreversible endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin; cultures were then maintained for 3 days, immunostained for neurofilament and scored for percentage of neurons with neurites at least twice as long as the cell body. Brief thapsigargin treatment (20 min) during the first 24 h in culture resulted in a substantial decrease in neurite initiation frequency without affecting neuronal or nonneuronal cell survival, suggesting that intracellular calcium mobilization is necessary for triggering neurite initiation in these neurons.
Designing a Java graphics library for CS 1

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using Java in introductory computer science courses. The advantages of choosing Java, however, must be balanced against two significant drawbacks: the instability caused by the rapid evolution of the Java toolkits and the complexity of the graphics model for new students. This paper outlines a strategy for teaching Java that eliminates these problems. The first component of that strategy is a set of low-level classes, DBCanvas and XGraphics, which together offer a double-buffered graphics model that is well matched to student intuition. The second component is a set of higher-level classes, principally Collage and Widget, which make it easy to introduce object-oriented techniques at the beginning of CS1. The sources for these classes are available on the Web at the URL http://cse.stanford.edu/java
Quantification of Alefacept, an immunosuppressive fusion protein in human plasma using a protein analogue internal standard, trypsin cleaved signature peptides and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract Quantitative analysis of a therapeutic protein through use of surrogate proteotypic peptides was evaluated for the measurement of Amevive (Alefacept) in human plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Signature peptides were obtained through in silico and iterative tuning processes to represent Alefacept for quantification. Horse heart myoglobin was chosen as a protein analogue internal standard to compensate for errors associated with matrix effects and to track recovery throughout the entire sample pretreatment process. Samples were prepared for analysis by selective precipitation of the target proteins with pH controlled at 5.1 and heat denaturation at 45 °C followed by enzymatic digestion, dilution, and filtration. On-line extraction of the signature peptides was carried out using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 security guard column (4.0 mm × 2.0 mm) as a loading column and a Gemini C18 (100 mm × 2.1 I.D., particle size 5 μm) as the analytical (eluting) column. Tandem mass spectrometric detection was performed on a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap equipped with electrospray ionization to positively ionize signature peptides for Alefacept and myoglobin. The method was linear for Alefacept (protein) concentrations between 250 and 10,000 ng/mL. Precision and accuracy for inter- and intra-assay for the lower limit of quantification was less than 20% (16.2 and 10.3, respectively). The method was validated according to current FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation.
Biologic role(s) of the 25(R),26-hydroxycholesterol metabolic pathway.

Abstract Expression of the gene coding for the synthesis of 25(R),26-hydroxycholesterol in many tissues and the finding that this sterol can be the sole pathway for the production of bile acids have led to a renewed interest in this metabolic pathway. A further impetus for exploring the normal biologic roles that are served by expression of the CYP27A1 gene is the knowledge that mutations in humans are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and with severe neurologic impairment. The molecular mechanisms governing these phenotypic expressions are not known but in light of the traditional role of steroids as ligands for receptors that regulate gene expression it seems likely that the intermediates in this pathway modulate a number of enzymatic activities that remain to be elucidated.
Relative Pareto minimizers for multiobjective problems: existence and optimality conditions

In this paper we introduce and study enhanced notions of relative Pareto minimizers for constrained multiobjective problems that are defined via several kinds of relative interiors of ordering cones and occupy intermediate positions between the classical notions of Pareto and weak Pareto efficiency/minimality. Using advanced tools of variational analysis and generalized differentiation, we establish the existence of relative Pareto minimizers for general multiobjective problems under a refined version of the subdifferential Palais-Smale condition for set-valued mappings with values in partially ordered spaces and then derive necessary optimality conditions for these minimizers (as well as for conventional efficient and weak efficient counterparts) that are new in both finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional settings. Our proofs are based on variational and extremal principles of variational analysis; in particular, on new versions of the Ekeland variational principle and the subdifferential variational principle for set-valued and single-valued mappings in infinite-dimensional spaces.
Period analytic estimates of moments of the power spectrum: A simplified EEG time domain procedure

Abstract The relationships that connect zero crossing descriptors (also called period analytic descriptors) with moments of the power spectral density are described mathematically. Analyzed EEG data are presented to demonstrate that counting zero crossings over an epoch is effectively equivalent to the more complex procedures of computing the auto-correlation function and taking its derivatives at zero lag, or squaring and integrating derivatives of the EEG time trace over each epoch.
Housing Privatization: Social Goals and Policy Strategies

ABSTRACT: This essay examines privatization proposals for publicly assisted housing in the context of adjustments in the state's role within a mixed economy. Four case studies are presented that deal with: (1)tax subsidies for homeownership, (2)the use of subsidies to private developers, (3)the use of housing vouchers, and (4)ownership for the poor. The author compares how well these solutions perform in relation to quality, equity, efficiency, choice, and community.
Conductivity of liquid metals: Vertex corrections in the effective-medium approximation

A result is obtained for the conductivity of a liquid metal in the effective-medium approximation, which reduces to Velicky's coherent-potential-approximation result for the crystalline-alloy case. A variational-derivative technique is used which is similar to that which Popielawski used to obtain the Gyorffy-Korringa-Mills result. Vertex corrections are included, and the result represents the generalization of the Ziman formula to include multiple-scattering effects.
Communication and a sense of community in a metropolitan neighborhood: A factor analytic examination

This study focuses upon the relationship between communication and “sense of community” in a demonstrably typical and stable neighborhood area of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Factor analysis is applied to survey data as a means of examining patterns and relationships among items. The result is a six factor, multi‐dimensional scale which taps the construct, Sense of Community. Recommendations are made for comparative studies among various kinds of urban neighborhoods leading to a general theory about communication and sense of community in urban settings.
Stepping off a ledge in an HMD-based immersive virtual environment

We explore whether a gender-matched, calibrated self-avatar affects the perception of the affordance of stepping off of a ledge, or visual cliff, in an immersive virtual environment. Visual cliffs form demonstrations in many immersive virtual environments because they create compelling environments. Understanding the role that self-avatars contribute to making such environments compelling is an important problem. We conducted an experiment to find the threshold at which subjects on a ledge in an immersive virtual environment would report that they could step gracefully off of the ledge without losing their balance, and compared the threshold height at which their decision changed under the condition of having and not having a self-avatar. The results show that people unrealistically say they can step off a ledge that is approximately 50% of their eyeheight without a self-avatar, and realistically about 25% of their eyeheight with a self-avatar.
DEVELOPING BUS OPERATING COST MODELS: A METHODOLOGY

This paper presents a methodology for developing transit bus cost models to assist in state-level subsidy planning. Aggregate and disaggregate unit cost models for twenty-five bus companies operating in New Jersey are developed and evaluated. A method is presented for stratifying the bus companies by size of operation, type of service, location, and subsidy status. The stratification process indicated that model accuracy can be enhanced, that diseconomies of scale existed, and that a carrier's subsidy status did not tend to affect the cost of operation.
Three new species of parasitic copepods (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Shiinoidae) infecting the nasal lamellae of Japanese actinopterygian fishes

[Three new species of the family Shiinoidae, Shiinoa japonica, S. purionura, and Parashiinoa cookeola are described based on specimens recovered from the nasal lamellae of Japanese actinopterygian fishes, Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835, and Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829), respectively. The male of S. japonica and the male copepodid II of P. cookeola are described. All host fishes named above represent new host families for the Shiinoidae. The phylogenetic affinity of this family with the Philichthyidae is discussed. Trois especes nouvelles de la famille des Shiinoidae, Shiinoa japonica, S. purionura, et Parashiinoa cookeola sont decrites a partir de specimens preleves sur les lamelles nasales des poissons actinopterygiens japonais, Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835, et Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829), respectivement. Le mâle de S. japonica et le copepodite II mâle de P. cookeola sont decrits. Tous les poissons-hotes nommes ci-dessus representent de nouvelles familles-hotes pour les Shiinoidae. L'affinite phylogenetique de cette famille avec celle des Philichthyidae est discutee., Three new species of the family Shiinoidae, Shiinoa japonica, S. purionura, and Parashiinoa cookeola are described based on specimens recovered from the nasal lamellae of Japanese actinopterygian fishes, Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835, and Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829), respectively. The male of S. japonica and the male copepodid II of P. cookeola are described. All host fishes named above represent new host families for the Shiinoidae. The phylogenetic affinity of this family with the Philichthyidae is discussed. Trois especes nouvelles de la famille des Shiinoidae, Shiinoa japonica, S. purionura, et Parashiinoa cookeola sont decrites a partir de specimens preleves sur les lamelles nasales des poissons actinopterygiens japonais, Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835, et Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829), respectivement. Le mâle de S. japonica et le copepodite II mâle de P. cookeola sont decrits. Tous les poissons-hotes nommes ci-dessus representent de nouvelles familles-hotes pour les Shiinoidae. L'affinite phylogenetique de cette famille avec celle des Philichthyidae est discutee.]
Application of triple-deck theory to the prediction of glaze ice roughness formation on an airfoil leading edge

Abstract A viscous–inviscid interaction triple-deck structure is developed to describe the thermomechanical interaction of an air boundary layer with ice sheets and liquid films. Linear stability results are compared with nonlinear triple-deck computations, and a number of nonlinear simulations of air–water–ice interactions are presented. An icing instability is encountered in regimes with simultaneous wall and air cooling that is believed to admit small scale and highly irregular surface roughness. The stabilization of the smallest scale icing disturbances is obtained through the Gibbs–Thomson relation. This local thermodynamic condition relates the freezing temperature of a pure substance to the surface tension and the mean curvature of the interface and provides a short scale stabilizing mechanism for icing instability modes. Comparison with available experimental data on glaze ice roughness diameters, accreted on NACA 0012 airfoil leading edges under glaze icing conditions, is provided. It is also found in all cases computed in this study that water beads can be formed on a wetted ice surface once the water film is locally ruptured by ice roughness elements.
Premature ventricular contractions causing sinus arrhythmia and alternating P-R prolongation.

A 68-year-old male patient was referred because of an irregular heart rhythm. The electrocardiogram (Fig. 1) showed sinus bradycardia with interpolated premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) occurring in a trigeminal pattern. There are two interesting observations in Figure 1. First, there is an alternating pattern of P-P intervals, with intervals of 1,320–1,340 ms whenever there is a PVC between two conducted sinus beats and longer P-P intervals of 1,420–1,470 ms when there is not. Secondly, there is also an alternating pattern of P-R intervals, with a P-R interval of 280 ms fol-
Temporal Trends in Gas-Phase Concentrations of Chlorinated Pesticides Measured at the Shores of the Great Lakes

Multiple regression was used to examine the temperature dependence and to elucidate temporal trends of atmospheric gas-phase partial pressures of 10 organochlorine pesticides at five sites near the Great Lakes. The relation ship of temperature to gas-phase partial pressures was examined using the Clausius−Clapeyron equation, and environmental phase-transition energies were calculated for each of the pesticides. A first-order rate constant for the decline in gas-phase partial pressures was estimated from the regression, and corresponding regional atmospheric half-lives were determined. The atmospheric half-lives of the hexachlorocyclohexanes ranged from 2.2 yr for γ-HCH at Lake Michigan to 7.3 yr for γ-HCH at Lake Ontario. The half-life for hexachlorobenzene ranged from 3.3 yr at Lake Michigan to 12 yr at Lake Superior. The half-life for p,p‘-DDT was less than 3 yr at Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Erie. A decreasing trend for chlordanes could only be discerned at Lakes Michigan, Erie, and Ontario, where ha...
From Hero to Zero? The Role of the Euro in the Current Crisis: Theory and some Empirical Evidence

A simple theoretical model of monetary unification and data from 11 euro members are used to investigate the common currency’s role in the macroeconomic performance of these countries. Euro membership has been typically accompanied by lower (or steady) inflation, but also by higher business-cycle volatility. In addition, synchronization of cyclical output was substantially affected by the common currency only in Greece (where it declined considerably) and Finland and Ireland (where it increased). Consistent with the theoretical predictions, the empirical evidence shows a strong negative relationship between cyclical synchronizations and volatilities, which however is not much stronger under the euro than it was during the Maastricht period.
Enantioselective Polymeric Transporters for Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, and Histidine Prepared Using Molecular Imprinting Techniques☆

Abstract Developing new methods for the separation of enantiomers is of great current interest because of the importance, challenge, and high cost associated with such separations. This is particularly true in the pharmaceutical industry because of the requirement for the high purity, including enantiopurity, of the final drug products. In this study, polymeric molecular transporters were prepared using molecular imprinting techniques with D -tryptophan, D -phenylalanine, and D -histidine as the templates, respectively. It was found that the transporters thus prepared were able to transport the template amino acids across a hydrophobic chloroform layer in a U-tube at rates that were 1.34- to 3.8-fold higher than the transport of their L -enantiomers. The magnitude of discrimination depends on the conditions of polymerization and the templates used. Molecular “receptors” prepared using molecular imprinting techniques could potentially be used for the separation of enantiomers through serial enantioselective transports.
Bridge Life Extension Using Semiactive Vibration Control

This paper focuses on the use of a control system to extend the life of a highway bridge. The safe life of a bridge can be more than tripled if the peak strain levels it experiences are reduced by just 33%. As of 2012, over 5000 bridges in the country have been deemed to be structurally deficient. Hence, the use of a vibration control system to extend the lives of bridges can be of tremendous societal impact. This paper utilizes a dynamic model of the Cedar Avenue tied arch steel bridge in Minnesota to investigate avenues for peak strain reduction. Simulations show that the use of passive structural modification devices such as stiffeners and dampers is inadequate to reduce the key resonant peaks in the frequency response of the bridge. Both active and semiactive vibration control strategies are then pursued. Active vibration control can effectively reduce all resonant peaks of interest, but is practically difficult to implement on a bridge due to power, size, and cost considerations. Semiactive control with a variable orifice damper in which the damping coefficient is changed in realtime using bridge vibration feedback can be practically implemented. Simulation results show that, when employed with multiple devices, the proposed semiactive control system can reduce the response at all critical resonant frequencies. Further analysis reveals that the location and number of actuators on the bridge is critical for controlling these specific resonant frequencies.
Depressed luteinizing hormone response to estradiol in vivo and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vitro in experimentally diabetic swine

The influence of the acute withdrawal of insulin therapy in streptozocin-diabetic female swine was examined for changes in 1) the in vivo pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), 2) the preovulatory-like gonadotropin patterns after exogenous estradiol, and 3) the in vitro LH secretion by cultured pituitary cells. In Experiment 1, ovariectomized diabetic pigs (n = 4) were maintained with insulin therapy until 4 d before estradiol benzoate (EB; 7 micrograms/kg body weight; subcutaneous) was administered. Four normal ovariectomized pigs, matched for age and weight, served as controls. The diabetic state was confirmed by the measurement of glucose and insulin concentrations during a glucose tolerance test. Pulsatile LH secretion was not influenced by experimental diabetes mellitus. However, the expected surge in LH was not induced by EB in diabetic gilts. In contrast, three of four normal gilts had a preovulatory-type surge in LH. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone in serum were not affected by diabetes mellitus. Estradiol concentrations in serum after ER were influenced by diabetes mellitus (treatment by time interaction; P < 0.001). In individual estradiol profiles, maximum concentrations were similar (104 +/- 10.4 and 91 +/- 12.0 ng/ml for normal and diabetic pigs, respectively), but the interval to maximum concentration was delayed in diabetic pigs (27.5 vs. 9.0 h; SE = 3.0; P < 0.05). However, the duration of standing estrus (2.2 +/- .3 d) and the interval from EB to estrus (3.6 +/- 0.3 d) were not influenced by diabetes mellitus. In Experiment 2, LH secretion by cultured cells and residual cellular LH content were greater in the pituitaries of normal than diabetic pigs (P < 0.05), and only cells from normal pigs responded to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), with increased production of LH (P < 0.05). In conclusion, diabetes mellitus did not affect pulsatile LH secretion but did lower the ability of exogenous estradiol to stimulate a surge in vivo and of GnRH to increase LH in vitro, suggesting that the pituitary response to estradiol and GnRH is more severely affected by diabetes than is the GnRH pulse generator.
Modeling of vapor-liquid equilibrium of gasoline-ethanol blended fuels for flash boiling simulations

Flash boiling is a physical phenomenon which governs the non-equilibrium phase change of a high temperature fluid as it is depressurized below its vapor pressure. The modeling of this process is of importance to a number of industrial applications and requires the vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of the fluid under consideration. The highly non-ideal nature of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends makes vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations extremely difficult for such fluids. A simple model known as GEFlash (Gasoline-Ethanol Flash), based on existing literature and fundamental chemical engineering thermodynamics is proposed to calculate the properties of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends that are required to perform flash boiling simulations. In addition, a second model based on the chemical engineering software Aspen Plus is also proposed and the predictions of the two models are validated against experimental data available in open literature. The results indicate that both models reproduce the trend in experimental data for vapor pressures and saturated liquid density for blends with different ethanol contents. The GEFlash model does not match the vapor mole fraction predictions of the Aspen Plus model for fuels with low ethanol content (E20 and E40). However, the vapor mole fractions for high ethanol content fuels (greater than E60) are accurate over the majority of the temperature range tested.
THE MOLECULAR OUTFLOW AND POSSIBLE PRECESSING JET FROM THE MASSIVE YOUNG STELLAR OBJECT IRAS 20126)4104

We present images of the molecular gas in the IRAS 20126)4104 massive out—ow and examine the interaction between the energetic out—owing material and the surrounding molecular cloud. Mosaic interferometric images in CO(1¨0), 13CO(1¨0), C18O(1¨0), C17O(1¨0), and millimeter continuum emis- sion are compared with mid-infrared images at 12.5 and 17.9 km, near-infrared images in the band K s (2.17 km) and line emission, and optical Ha and (S II) images. We show that the molecular out—ow H 2 is approximately 6 ) 104 yr old with a mass of about 50¨60 and mass out—ow rate M _ M0 f D 8 ) 10~4 yr~1. The driving source is located near the center of the molecular cloud, and the mass M _ Z300 M _ of the disk plus circumstellar envelope traced by millimeter continuum emission is D50 The M _ . out—ow appears to be bounded on most sides by higher density gas traced by C18O emission. Shocks identi—ed by and (S II) emission knots follow a NW-SE jet close to the young stellar object and then H 2 rotate more north-south along the edges of the CO —ow. The most likely interpretation appears to be that the knots trace the working surfaces of a collimated jet that precesses through an angle of D45i. Possible mechanisms that could produce the jet precession include tidal interactions between the disk and a companion star in a noncoplanar orbit or an anisotropic accretion event that dramatically altered the angular momentum vector of the disk. Subject headings: H II regionsISM: jets and out—owsISM: moleculesstars: formation
Agronomic and Seed Characteristics of Soybean Lines with Increased Oleate Content

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines have been developed with the o/ allele for elevated oleate from the mutant line M23 and alleles for reduced linolenate as a means of increasing stability of the oil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of elevated oleate content on agronomic and seed traits. From each of three segregating populations, 27 low-linolenate lines with a mean oleate content >500 g kg -1 and 27 low-linolenate lines with a mean oleate content <280 g kg -1 were selected for evaluation in three Iowa environments in 2007. The mean seed yield of the mid-oleate (MO) lines was significantly less by 12% than the lines with conventional oleate (CO) content and the highest yielding lines in each population were of the CO type. The mean protein content of the MO lines was significantly greater by 14 g kg -1 and their mean oil content significantly less by 7 g kg -1 than the CO lines. The mean differences between the MO and CO lines were <1 d for time of maturity, 3 cm for plant height, 0.3 for lodging score, and 8 mg seed -1 for seed weight. The primary challenge for developing commercially acceptable MO lines derived from M23 will be to overcome the difference in yield compared with CO lines.
Robert M. Chanock, MD: A Living Legend in the War Against Viruses

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract viral disease of infants and children worldwide, accounting for approximately 91,000 hospitalizations of infants each year in the United States alone, at a cost of 300 million dollars, and 1 million deaths worldwide, including 4,500 in the United States. Following experiences of Morris and colleagues with a 1956 outbreak of coryza in a colony of chimpanzees and work with Finberg, Dr Robert M. Chanock first identified and characterized RSV. Subsequently, he discovered the four parainfluenza viruses. Chanock made these discoveries while he was Head of the Respiratory Virus Section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases (LID). In 1968, Chanock became Chief of the LID, a position he holds to this day. This article provides a brief history of the LID and presents highlights of Chanock's early personal life; his training and preparation under Albert Sabin; and his career at LID: the early years, Head of the RVS, and Chief of LID. It also summarizes the many discoveries and advances made by Chanock and other scientists working with him. These include, in addition to those noted above, a vaccine for adenovirus 4 infection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , gastroenteritis viruses, rotavirus vaccine hepatitis, and recent progress toward a RSV vaccine. Although Robert Chanock's recognition is far too extensive to detail, several outstanding awards, as well as comments of colleagues, are noted: Squibb Award for General Excellence in the Field of Infectious Diseases (1969), National Academy of Sciences (1973), Danish Royal Academy of Sciences (1980), Robert Koch Medal of the Robert Koch Foundation (Bonn, Germany) (1981), ICN International Prize in Virology (1990), Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Infectious Disease Research (1993), Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal (1995).
Spectropolarimetric Back-Titration Method for the Determination of Milligram Amounts of Platinum (IV)

Abstract Spectropolarimetric titrimetry was first introduced by Kirschner et al.1,2 and has enjoyed considerable recent success. This was due principally to the introduction of several relatively inexpensive photoelectric polarimeters and subsequent improvements in their design and versatility3,4. Fundamental to this technique is the use of a photoelectric polarimeter to monitor the change in optical rotation of the solution as the titration proceeds. Parameters must be selected so that an inflection in the optical rotation occurs in the vicinity of the equivalence point. Spectropolarimetric titrimetry has been applied to acid-base titrations, as well as to different metals systems2. The applications of this technique have been significantly broadened by Pearson et al., who utilized the two chiral and stereospecific amino-polycarboxylic acids (R)-(-)-1,2-propylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, R-(-)PDTA, and (R, R)-(-)-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, R, R(-)CDTA, in the volumetric titrimetric ana...