cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the S41 Peptidase Gene in Mycoplasma mycoides capri Impacts Proteome Profile, H2O2 Production, and Sensitivity to Heat Shock

Members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster are among the most virulent of the mycoplasmas, causing worldwide economically significant diseases of cattle and goats. A distinguishing phenotype among the members of the cluster is the ability to degrade casein. The MMCAP2_0241 gene, an S41 peptidase, confers the proteolytic phenotype in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri GM12. In order to determine the impact of disruption of the gene, we used differential proteome profiling to compare the M. mycoides subsp. capri wild type with a mutant lacking the proteolytic phenotype. Disruption of MMCAP2_0241 resulted in altered phenotypes reminiscent of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC and had significant impacts on the proteome profile of the microbe. The mutant exhibited increased production of hydrogen peroxide, decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, and increased sensitivity to heat shock.
Supervenience: The grand-property hypothesis

(1988). Supervenience: The grand-property hypothesis. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 1-12.
A transmission line transformer having frequency independent matching properties

In this paper, we present a new transmission line transformer which is capable of matching a load resistance RL to a given source of internal resistance Rg in a frequency independent manner. This matching can be made perfect at all frequencies if RL/Rg = 4; for RL/Rg ≠ 4, the matching can still be made frequency independent but the power transferred to the load becomes less than the maximum available power.
Comparative toxicity, absorption, and metabolism of chlorpyrifos and its dimethyl homologue in methyl parathion-resistant and -susceptible tobacco budworms

Abstract Chlorpyrifos (Dowco 179) and its dimethyl homologue, chlorpyrifosmethyl (Dowco 214), were used to study the influence of the O,O-dialkyl group of organophosphorus insecticides on toxicity, absorption, and metabolism among larvae of the tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] from strains that were resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to methyl parathion. In toxicity tests, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifosmethyl were more toxic than methyl parathion to 3rd-stage R larvae but less toxic to S larvae. Chlorpyrifosmethyl was more toxic (3–4 ×) than chlorpyrifos to both strains of larvae, and the results of absorption studies indicated that the toxicity differential of the homologues may be explained in part by the more rapid absorption of the dimethyl form. Studies of the in vivo metabolism of both Dowco compounds indicated that each was degraded mainly by the cleavage of the pyridylphosphate linkage. In vitro tests demonstrated that the NADPH-dependent microsomal oxidases were of primary importance in detoxification, while glutathione (GSH)-dependent mechanisms (aryl- and alkyltransferases) present in the soluble cell fractions were of lesser importance. O-dealkylation occurred only with chlorpyrifosmethyl. The R larvae demonstrated greater capability in detoxifying both compounds in the comparative in vivo and in vitro studies of metabolism, but the differences were more apparent during the 5th instar than during the 3rd instar.
Mechanistic exploration of AhR-mediated host protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of invasive bacterial infection and pneumonia and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In prior studies we showed that pre-treating mice with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD), a potent agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), protects against S. pneumoniae -induced mortality and reduces pulmonary bacterial burden. The current studies were conducted to help elucidate the mechanism for this protective effect, and to characterize the response in the lung during the first 10 h following infection. C57Bl/6 mice were treated with TCDD one day prior to intranasal infection with serotype 3 S. pneumoniae . Monitoring of bacteria in the lung airways revealed that bacterial growth was inhibited in the TCDD-treated animals within 10 h of infection. To address the mechanism of this rapid protective response, macrophages, neutrophils, and invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells were quantified, and levels of natural antibodies produced by B-1 B cells were evaluated. Functional assays addressed whether AhR activation reduced the capacity of lung epithelial cells to bind bacteria, and whether TCDD treatment enhanced production of antimicrobial agents in the lung or blood. None of the hypothesized mechanisms was able to explain the protective effect. Finally, the exposure paradigm was manipulated to test whether administration of TCDD after instillation of the bacteria was also protective. Results showed that TCDD must be administered in advance of exposure to bacteria, suggesting that the lung environment is rendered inhospitable to the pathogens.
Extension of the method of quasilinearization to hyperbolic partial differential equations of first order

The well-known method of quasilinearization proved by Bellman and Kalaba [1,2] is extended to hyperbolic partial differential equations of the first order. The technic involves the application of lower and upper solutions and differential inequalities. The conclusion obtained includes non-convex fimctions thus extending the results for a larger class of functions. The upper and lower sequences converge to the unique solution quadratically.
Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Dye Doped Silica Glasses

The sol-gel process was used to incorporate organic dyes including Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-(4-phenyl) oxazole (4PyPO) and the n-methyl tosylate salt of 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-(4-methoxy phenyl)oxazole (4PyMPO-MePTS) in silica gel. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis of the dye doped gels showed that the gel structure loses the adsorbed water molecules from room temperature to 150°C and decomposition of the dye molecules followed at the higher temperature. Absorption and emission of the dyes in the sol-gel glass matrix were also studied and compared with the results of the dyes in alcohol solution. The environments of the dye in silica were different than in alcohol solution.
Consumer influence on product variety decisions

In this paper, we study how the heterogeneous consumer valuation of product quality influences the firm's product variety decisions, i.e. (a) the product variety in a product line; (b) the quality of every individual product; and (c) the product prices. First we consider in our analysis a simple uniform consumer valuation distribution (CVD). Then we shift to more complex CVDs such as the triangular and Weibull-based consumer valuation distributions which could represent a wide range of CVDs e.g. discount store customers to luxury store customers.
Stimulus variation as a means of enhancing punishment effects.

Abstract We compared the effects of varied punishers (presentation of one of three available punishers) with the single presentation of one of the punishers on the occurrence of inappropriate behaviors with three developmentally delayed children. Two children were presented with varied-punisher conditions in which either overcorrection, time-out, or a verbal "no" was presented contingent upon inappropiate behavior. A loud noise was substituted for overcorrection for a third child. Results of the multielement with reversal design indicated that both punishment formats produced a decrease in the target behaviors with the varied-punisher format slightly more effective than the single presentations of the punishers. The results suggest the use of varied punishers as a means of enhancing the effects of less intrusive procedures to effectively reduce inappropriate behaviors.
Diet and egg production of the copepod Acartia tonsa in Florida Bay. II. Role of the nutritional environment

As part of an ongoing study of changes in the trophic pathways of Florida Bay's pelagic ecosystem, the nutritional environment (seston protein, lipid and carbohydrate levels), diet (taxon-specific microplankton ingestion rates) and egg production rate of the important planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa were measured off Rankin and Duck Keys in July and September 1997 and in January, March and May 1998. Rankin Key has been the site of extensive sea grass mortality and persistent ultraplankton blooms since 1987. Duck Key has experienced neither of these perturbations. Protist (auto-plus heterotroph) biomass was approximately twice as high off Rankin as off Duck Key. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and heterotrophic protists dominated the food environment off Rankin Key, while cells <5 μm diam often predominated off Duck Key. Protein and carbohydrate concentrations were higher off Rankin Key than Duck Key, while average lipid levels were usually low at both stations. Ingestion rates at both stations frequently approached temperature- and food-dependent maxima for the species, exceeding 100% of estimated body C d−1 on 3 of 5 occasions off Rankin Key. Egg production rates, however, were consistently low (Rankin: 3 to 16 eggs copepod−1 d−1; Duck: 1 to 12 eggs copepod−1 d−1), and gross egg production efficiencies (100% × egg production C/ingested C) averaged <10%. At Duck Key, egg production rate varied with temperature and food concentration, while off Rankin Key, egg production was strongly correlated with seston protein content. The efficiency with which lipids (which were scarce in the seston) were transferred from the diet to the eggs increased exponentially with decreasing seston lipid content. Egg production efficiencies based on protein, however, were independent of seston protein content and never exceeded 10%.
Pulmonary function testing in infants with tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve syndrome.

Aim: Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) is found in 3-6% of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Along with findings of TOF, absence of pulmonary valve tissue results in aneurysmal dilatation of the main and branch pulmonary arteries compressing the trachea, main-stem, and intrapulmonary bronchi leading to obstructive airways disease. Our objective was to review pulmonary function tests (PFT) in TOF-APVS patients. Materials and Methods: Eight PFT were performed on five mechanically ventilated TOF-APVS patients in the intensive care unit. Tidal volume, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal expiratory flow 25%, resistance and compliance of the respiratory system were measured. Results: Pre-operative PFTs showed markedly elevated airways resistance (R RS ) (median 0.45 cmH 2 O/mL/sec, range 0.17-0.66) and marked variability of the static compliance of the respiratory system (C RS ) (median 0.6 mL/cmH 2 O/kg, range 0.25-2.6). Flow-volume loops measured by forced deflation showed flow limitation within the medium to small airways. Post-operative FVC was reduced in four of the five patients (median 46 mL/kg, IQR 42.9 - 48.8 mL/kg). Patients studied with various levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) showed improvement in tidal volume and reduced obstruction with PEEP greater than 10 cmH 2 O. For three patients with pre-operative data available, surgical correction resulted in near-normal post-operative C RS and improved, but still elevated R RS (median 0.14 cmH 2 O/mL/sec, interquartile range [IQR] 0.11-0.31). Conclusion: For our patients with TOF-APVS, airway resistance was elevated. Flow limitation was seen in the medium to small airways with a mild reduction of FVC. PFTs may help guide management of mechanical ventilation for TOF-APVS patients.
Why Johnny can't multicast: lessons about the evolution of the internet

The need to support multicast (or multipoint) communication in the Internet has been recognized for a long time. Significant effort has been expended over the last three decades by networking researchers and practitioners in designing and building multicast support capability within the Internet. In addition, several research efforts have demonstrated that highly scalable and desirable multimedia and information services can be deployed on top of a multicast-capable Internet infrastructure. Despite this, wide-spread availability and use of multicast communication is lacking in the Internet today. In this talk I will consider the history of multicast communication and services. This will be done in the context of an evolutionary model that explains the current state of multicast deployment. This exploration allows us to draw some lessons regarding the evolution of the Internet and how our approach to research and deployment can affect this evolution.
Does intensive care unit severity of illness influence recall of baseline physical function

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate if severity of illness in the intensive care unit influences patients' retrospective recall of their baseline physical function from before hospital admission. Materials and Methods This is a prospective cohort study of 193 acute lung injury survivors who, before hospital discharge, retrospectively reported their prehospitalization physical function using the Short Form 36 quality of life survey. Results Four measures were used to evaluate intensive care unit (ICU) severity of illness: (1) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Acute Physiologic Score at ICU admission, (2) Lung Injury Score at acute lung injury diagnosis, (3) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at study enrollment, and (4) maximum daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score during the entire ICU stay. In multivariable linear regression analysis, no measure of severity of illness was associated with prehospitalization physical function. Education level significantly modified the relationship between ICU severity of illness and baseline physical function with lower educational attainment having a stronger association with baseline physical function. Conclusion Intensive care unit severity of illness was not associated with patients' retrospectively recalled baseline physical function. Patients with a lower level of education may be more influenced by ICU severity of illness, but the magnitude of this effect may not be clinically meaningful.
Crystal structure of native chicken fibrinogen at 5.5-Å resolution

The crystal structure of native chicken fibrinogen has been determined at a resolution of 5.5 A. The full-length molecule is 460 A in length and sigmoidally shaped. The structure includes the full sweep of the coiled coils that connect the central and terminal domains; the chain paths of the central domain confirm a predicted scheme of planar disulfide rings in apposition with each other. Electron density maps have revealed the outlines of disordered alphaC domains nestled within the confines of the sinuous coiled coils. The amino-terminal segments of the alpha- and beta-chains, including the fibrinopeptides A and B, are also disordered.
A Value-Engaged Approach for Evaluating the Bunche-Da Vinci Learning Academy.

As illustrated in the Bunche–Da Vinci context, a value-engaged approach to evaluation emphasizes responsiveness to the particularities of the context, inclusion of and engagement with multiple stakeholder perspectives and experiences, and attention to the social and relational dimensions of evaluation practice.
Arsenite-dependent photoautotrophy by an Ectothiorhodospira -dominated consortium

Over the past decade numerous lineages of bacteria have been shown to obtain energy for growth through redox transformations of arsenic. However, phototrophic growth using reduced arsenic as an electron donor has not been described. Here we report the light-dependent oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, coupled with autotrophic growth, by an Ectothiorhodospira-dominated consortium of bacteria from alkaline, hypersaline Mono Lake, California. Pure cultures of the Mono Lake Ectothiorhodospira were not capable of phototrophic arsenite oxidation under the culture conditions tested. Electron micrographs of the culture showed a close association between consortia members, although the specific contribution of the individual bacteria is currently unknown. This report extends the list of compounds known to support anoxygenic photosynthesis and documents a previously unknown pathway in arsenic geochemistry.
Microfluidic immunocapture of circulating pancreatic cells using parallel EpCAM and MUC1 capture: characterization, optimization and downstream analysis

We have developed and optimized a microfluidic device platform for the capture and analysis of circulating pancreatic cells (CPCs) and pancreatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Our platform uses parallel anti-EpCAM and cancer-specific mucin 1 (MUC1) immunocapture in a silicon microdevice. Using a combination of anti-EpCAM and anti-MUC1 capture in a single device, we are able to achieve efficient capture while extending immunocapture beyond single marker recognition. We also have detected a known oncogenic KRAS mutation in cells spiked in whole blood using immunocapture, RNA extraction, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. To allow for downstream single-cell genetic analysis, intact nuclei were released from captured cells by using targeted membrane lysis. We have developed a staining protocol for clinical samples, including standard CTC markers; DAPI, cytokeratin (CK) and CD45, and a novel marker of carcinogenesis in CPCs, mucin 4 (MUC4). We have also demonstrated a semi-automated approach to image analysis and CPC identification, suitable for clinical hypothesis generation. Initial results from immunocapture of a clinical pancreatic cancer patient sample show that parallel capture may capture more of the heterogeneity of the CPC population. With this platform, we aim to develop a diagnostic biomarker for early pancreatic carcinogenesis and patient risk stratification.
Improved spin basis for angular correlation studies in single top quark production at the Fermilab Tevatron

We show in single top quark production that the spin of the top quark is correlated with the direction of the $d$-type quark in the event. For single top-quark production in the ${W}^{*}$ channel, the $d$-type quark comes dominantly from the antiproton at the Fermilab Tevatron, whereas for the $W$-gluon fusion channel the spectator jet is the $d$-type quark the majority of the time at this machine. Our results are that 98% of the top quarks from the ${W}^{*}$ process have their spins in the antiproton direction, and 96% of the top quarks in the $W$-gluon fusion process have their spins in the spectator jet direction. We also compare with the more traditional, but less effective, helicity basis. The direction of the top quark spin is reflected in angular correlations in its decay products.
Unconfusing Merely Confused Supposition in Albert of Saxony

Abstract In this essay I argue that Albert would reject the need for a separate fourth mode of common personal supposition, and that his view of merely confused supposition has not been fully explicated by modern scholars. I first examine the various examples of conjunct descent given by modern scholars from his Perutilis logica, and show that Albert clearly adopts it in resolving the sophistic examples involved. Second, I explicate the view of merely confused supposition that Albert defends in his Sophismata, and then attempt to answer the question: which view of merely confused supposition was his final view, the view articulated in the Perutilis logica or the view in the Sophismata? I conclude that based upon his Sophismata view of merely confused supposition, Albert came to realize the logical strength his revised theory of personal supposition afforded, and consequently, that he is one of the earliest 14th-century logicians to adopt conjunct terminal descent to resolve various sophisms, a move which gave his theory of personal supposition a logical symmetry having two sorts of propositional descents to singulars, and two sorts of terminal descents to singulars.
A charge separation mechanism for the production of polar auroras and electrojets

Abstract : A mechanism for charge separation in the geomagnetically trapped radiation is described which may account for some observed phenomena associated with the polar aurora and the electrojet current systems. Surfaces of constant number density may be separated from surfaces of constant integral invariant within the trapped radiation as a result of distortion of the geomagnetic field by solar streams. Drift separation of protons and electrons will follow, and for irregular distributions of plasma number density, electric fields will arise. A direct consequence of such polarization of the geomagnetically trapped radiation will be the polar-electrojet current systems. The polar aurora arise where energetic particles are discharged from regions of excess charge within the geomagneticall trapped radiation. A model for the discharge of such auroral particles is discussed. An interesting feature of the proposed mechanism is that the extreme thinness of auroral sheets appears to follow as a natural consequence of charge separation. This is shown analytically for a simple two-dimensional model of a trapped plasma.
Relationships between the acidity and osmolality of popular beverages and reported postprandial heartburn

Abstract Background/Aims: Although many beverages produce heartburn, the relationship between the acidity and osmolality of beverages and heartburn is unclear. The aim of this study was to relate the acidity and osmolality of beverages with their ability to cause heartburn. Methods: We measured pH, total titratable acidity, and osmolality of 38 beverages in vitro and then correlated acidity and osmolality with the amount of heartburn reported by questionnaire in 394 people with heartburn. Results: Among 17 citrus drinks and juices, titratable acidity correlated with reported heartburn scores (r = 0.65; P = 0.004). Soft drinks had the lowest pH readings of any beverages studied, and decreasing pH among soft drinks was correlated with reported heartburn scores (r = 0.82; P
Immunology of the Respiratory Tract

The pulmonary immune system is composed of innate and acquired components. Innate (natural) immunity includes physical barriers, cells, and blood-borne macromolecules. These elements are present prior to exposure to a foreign substance (xenobiotic) and do not discriminate among (recognize) xenobiotics. The inflammatory response represents one form of natural immunity.
Fluorescent CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystal-Peptide Conjugates for Long-term, Nontoxic Imaging and Nuclear Targeting in Living Cells

One of the biggest challenges in cell biology is the imaging of living cells. For this purpose, the most commonly used visualization tool is fluorescent markers. However, conventional labels, such as organic fluorescent dyes or green fluorescent proteins (GFP), lack the photostability to allow the tracking of cellular events that happen over a period from minutes to days. In addition, they are either toxic to cells (dyes) or difficult to construct and manipulate (GFP). We report here the use of a new class of fluorescent labels, silanized CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal−peptide conjugates, for imaging the nuclei of living cells. CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals, or so-called quantum dots (qdots), are extremely photostable, and have been used extensively in cellular imaging of fixed cells. Most of the studies about living cells so far have been concerned only with particle entry into the cytoplasm or the localization of receptors on the cell membrane. Specific targeting of qdots to the nucleus of living cells has not been repor...
ORGANOLEPTIC AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF CULTURED BUTTERMILK

Quality of cultured buttermilk was evaluated by organoleptic and gas chromatographic analyses of eight commercial brands available in local supermarkets. Samples were evaluated for body and texture, overall acceptance and diacetyl aroma on the day of purchase (O day) and after storage for 15 days at 7/Pm 2°C. Ether extracts of the steam distillates of the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography using a 100-150 mesh Porapak-Q column programmed to operate at 100-200°C at the rate of 10 C/min with N2 carrier gas flow of 45 ml/min. Analysis of variance for organoleptic data showed significant differences among brands and storage times with regards to diacetyl aroma (PGe0.05), body and texture and overall acceptance (PGe0.01). The total number of peaks and total peak areas in gas chromatograms decreased in stored samples compared with the same samples analyzed on the day of purchase. Data presented here suggest that gas chromatography and organoleptic evaluations may be used in conjunction with each other to determine the quality of commercial buttermilk.
Forward Shifting of a Payroll Tax Under Monopolistic Competition

I. The incentive argument for merit rating, 267. — Definitions, 268. — II. Monopoly profit before and after the imposition of contribution costs, 269. — Implications for forward shifting of contribution costs, 270. — III. Adequacy of profit reductions, 274. — Effect of different contribution rates upon a given monopolist, 274. — Effects of elasticities of demand and slopes of marginal cost functions, 276. — Conclusions, 283.
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Lepidium papilliferum (L. Henderson) A. Nels. & J. F. Macbr., L. montanum Nutt., and L. davisii Rollins (Brassicaceae)

Abstract Previous phylogenetic analyses of Lepidium included only a few accessions of L. montanum, L. flavum, and L. fremontii to represent western North American species. Two additional species endemic to southwest Idaho have posed both taxonomic and conservation questions regarding their species status. Lepidium papilliferum was originally described as a variety of L. montanum, is morphologically similar to L. montanum, and is found in small scattered populations in southwest Idaho. The plant is restricted to specific edaphic conditions known as slick spots where high clay content creates conditions amenable to L. papilliferum, but to few other species. Resolving whether the populations of L. papilliferum merit species status distinct from L. montanum is a vexing question and phylogenetic analyses can assist in resolving this issue. Like L. papilliferum, L. davisii has specific edaphic requirements and is found in playas, areas similar to slick spots, but larger and with deeper soils. Unlike L. papillif...
Identification of recombinant human EPO variants in greyhound plasma and urine by ELISA, LC-MS/MS and western blotting: a comparative study

The recombinant human erythropoietins epoetin alfa (Eprex®), darbepoetin (Aranesp®) and methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (Mircera®) were administered to greyhounds for 7, 10 and 14 days respectively. Blood and urine samples were collected and analysed for erythropoietin by ELISA, LC-MS/MS and western blotting. Limits of confirmation in plasma for western blotting and LC-MS/MS methods ranged from a low of 2.5mIU/mL, and closely matched the sensitivity of ELISA screening.
A New Store and Forward Message Switching System

A store and forward message switching system, made up of duplexed 16-bit computers, fixed head discs (FHDs), moving head discs (MHDs), and multiline controllers (MLCs) is described. The paper discusses the area of application for a system of this type, and the equipment configuration and operation of the subject system. The paper concludes with a discussion of the redundancyswitchover aspects of the system and the system size.
Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Morbid obesity is a major risk factor for the development of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Thromboembolic complications are the most common cause of death in bariatric surgery and contribute significantly to postoperative morbidity (1). A study of risk factors for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients demonstrated an association with age over 40 years, obesity, and major surgery (2). The increased risk in the morbidly obese is attributable to a sedentary lifestyle, increased abdominal pressure, and the excessive weight resting on the inferior vena cava drainage. Additional risk factors include prior history of DVT or PE, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, smoking, hypercoagulable states, malignancy, and trauma (Table 26-1). Although they are usually diagnosed as postoperative complications, DVT and PE may also occur in nonhospitalized patients. Studies of risk factors for thromboembolism in the general population have demonstrated an association with obesity, suggesting that morbid obesity is an independent risk factor for DVT and PE (3,4).
Investigation of the Safety and Accuracy of Intraoperative γ Probe Directed Biopsy of Bone Scan Detected Rib Abnormalities in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

ABSTRACTPurpose: We evaluated the technique of intraoperative γ probe directed rib biopsy in patients with suspected metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. This technique can be used to identify accurately the rib in question, reliably obtain sufficient tissue for diagnosis, be performed with minimal patient morbidity and potentially alter the course of therapy.Materials and Methods: From 1996 to 2001, 8 patients with biopsy proved adenocarcinoma of the prostate and suspicious rib lesions on radionuclide bone scanning underwent open rib biopsy as part of the evaluation for metastatic disease. Mean prostate specific antigen in the patient population was 17.1 ng/ml (range 6.1 to 36.5) and clinical stage was T1c to T3c. A new technique of intraoperative γ probe directed biopsy was used to localize and resect the rib in question. At 6 to 12 hours before the operation each patient received an intravenous injection of 28 mCi. 99mtechnetium-oxidronate. The hand held, pencil sized γ probe in a sterile sleeve was use...
Population size and selection intensity effects on long-term selection response in mice.

Long-term response to within full-sib family selection for increased postweaning gain was evaluated in lines having different effective population sizes ( Ne ) and selection intensities ( i ). Line designations were I4(4), I8(2), I16(2), M4(4), M8(2) and M16(2), where I and M indicate selection of the top 50% and 25%, respectively; 4, 8 and 16 represent the number of parental pairs per replicate and number of replicates is given in parentheses. Realized within full-sib family heritabilities ( hR2 ) in the first phase of selection (0-14 generations) were larger in 16-pair lines than in 4- and 8-pair lines. In the second phase of selection (>14 generations), hR2 declined significantly (P<.01) in all lines, and only the I16 and M16 lines had hR2 values significantly (P<.01) greater than zero. Realized genetic correlations involving number born, 12-day litter weight, weaning weight and six-week weight tended to decline in the second phase of selection. The I16, M16 and control (C16) replicates were crossed in all combinations at generation 14. Crosses were then selected within litters for high postweaning gain. The hR2 values in the crossbred lines were all larger than those in the second selection phase for M16-1, M16-2 and I16-1, but not for I16-2. Within each Ne level, total response was significantly (P<.01) less for I lines compared with M lines. Total response increased as Ne increased, within each level of i . Relatively small differences in realized i values among Ne lines could not account for this result. The difference in total response among the Ne lines at a given selection intensity may be due to inbreeding depression and a combination of interactions involving "drift" and selection. By crossing replicates of the M lines with the C16 control, the effects of inbreeding depression were removed. Inbreeding depression and genetic drift, as defined herein, were equally important in accounting for differences among Ne lines in total response.
The KPNO/Deeprange Distant Cluster Survey. I. The Catalog and the Space Density of Intermediate-Redshift Clusters

We have conducted an automated search for galaxy clusters within a contiguous 16 deg2 I-band survey in the north Galactic hemisphere. A matched filter detection algorithm identifies 444 cluster candidates in the range 0.2 z 1.2. The full catalog is presented along with the results from a follow-up spectroscopic survey. The estimated redshift distribution of the cluster candidates is consistent with a constant comoving density over the range 0.2 ≤ zest ≤ 0.8. A decline in the cluster space density by more than a factor of 3 over this redshift range is rejected at the greater than 99.9% confidence level. We find that the space density of Λcl ≥ 40 clusters in our survey lies in the range (1.6-1.8) × 10-5 h Mpc-3, ~1.5 times higher than the local distribution of comparably rich Abell richness class ≥0 clusters. The Λcl distribution is consistent with a power law. The discrepancy between the space density of Abell clusters and the clusters in this survey declines quickly as Λcl increases, suggesting that the difference at lower richness is due to significant incompleteness in the Abell catalog. A percolation analysis reveals that 10%-20% of the spectroscopically confirmed distant clusters are linked into superclusters at overdensities between 10 < δρ/ρ < 50, similar to what is seen in the local cluster distribution. This suggests that there has been little evolution of the cluster-cluster correlation length for z 0.5.
Challenges in community-based participatory research implementation : Experiences in cancer prevention with pacific northwest American Indian tribes

BackgroundMuch has been written about community-based participatory research (CBPR) history and principles, but few have addressed challenges in implementation in transcultural situations. The goal...
Temperature Regulation, Energy Metabolism and Mate-Searching in Rain Beetles (Pleocoma Spp.), Winter-Active, Endothermic Scarabs (Coleoptera)

Male rain beetles ( Pleocoma ; Scarabaeidae) of western North America engage in intense mate-searching activity at night during the winter. They may achieve a temperature excess greater than 35°C in flight, even though their thoracic pile is ineffective as insulation. Males also maintain thoracic temperature at high levels while walking on the ground in search of females. Female Pleocoma are flightless and are non-endothermic. In the laboratory, males maintained elevated body temperatures for as long as 4.2 h while walking in a respirometer chamber at an ambient temperature of 9°C. Energy metabolism and body temperature during these periods of sustained endothermy oscillated. Walking speed increased exponentially with body temperature. Male rain beetles compete (scramble competition) for opportunities to mate. It is likely that their mating success and ability to avoid predators depend on flight and rapid walking, which in turn depend on their having a high internal temperature.
Institutional Balancing and International Relations Theory: Economic Interdependence and Balance of Power Strategies in Southeast Asia:

This study integrates elements of neorealist and neoliberal theories with a model of institutional balancing that identifies the conditions under which this form of soft balancing occurs. Instituti...
Coastal urbanization and the integrity of estuarine waterbird communities: Threshold responses and the importance of scale

Estuarine ecosystems are becoming increasingly altered by the concentration of human populations near the coastline, however a robust indicator of this change is lacking. We developed an index of waterbird community integrity (IWCI) and tested its sensitivity to anthropogenic activities within 28 watersheds and associated subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay, USA. The IWCI was used as a tool to gain insight into how human land use affects estuarine ecosystem integrity. Based on Akaike’s information criteria (AIC), a single variable model including percent developed land in estuarine watersheds was thirteen (2002) and twenty-six (2003) times more likely than models including percent agriculture and forest cover to fit the IWCI data. Consequently, we examined how suburban, urban, and total development shaped IWCI scores at three spatial scales: (1) watershed; (2) inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) watershed (land cover near the coastline weighted proportionally greater than that farther away); (3) local (land cover within 500 m of the coastline). Suburban, urban, and total development were all significant predictors of IWCI scores. Relationships were stronger at the IDW and local scales than at the whole watershed scale. Nonparametric changepoint analysis revealed a >80% probability of a threshold in IWCI scores when as little as 3.7% (2002) and 3.5% (2003) of the IDW land cover within the watershed was urban. Our results indicate that, of the landscape stressors we examined, development near estuarine coastlines is the primary stressor to estuarine waterbird community integrity, and that estuarine ecosystem integrity may be impaired by even extremely low levels of coastal urbanization.
A field study of wind erosion following a grass fire on the Llano Estacado of North America

Interactions between earth, wind, and fire have always played an important role in the formation and evolution of the level plains of the Llano Estacado of North America. The uppermost sediments of this vast region are aeolian deposits, formed by aeolian deposition into grassland vegetation. Grass cover enhances
Energy-efficient surveillance system using wireless sensor networks

The focus of surveillance missions is to acquire and verify information about enemy capabilities and positions of hostile targets. Such missions often involve a high element of risk for human personnel and require a high degree of stealthiness. Hence, the ability to deploy unmanned surveillance missions, by using wireless sensor networks, is of great practical importance for the military. Because of the energy constraints of sensor devices, such systems necessitate an energy-aware design to ensure the longevity of surveillance missions. Solutions proposed recently for this type of system show promising results through simulations. However, the simplified assumptions they make about the system in the simulator often do not hold well in practice and energy consumption is narrowly accounted for within a single protocol. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a running system for energy-efficient surveillance. The system allows a group of cooperating sensor devices to detect and track the positions of moving vehicles in an energy-efficient and stealthy manner. We can trade off energy-awareness and surveillance performance by adaptively adjusting the sensitivity of the system. We evaluate the performance on a network of 70 MICA2 motes equipped with dual-axis magnetometers. Our results show that our surveillance strategy is adaptable and achieves a significant extension of network lifetime. Finally, we share lessons learned in building such a complete running system.
National Survey of Once‐Daily Dosing of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

To evaluate the scope of once-daily dosing of intravenous aminoglycoside antibiotics, a questionnaire was designed and mailed to a random sample of pharmacy directors at 500 acute care hospitals in the United States. The response rate was 68.4%. Nineteen percent of the respondents reported use of once-daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Affiliation with a pharmacy residency program and the presence of a pharmacokinetic consultation service by the pharmacy department were associated with this practice (p < 0.05). No other statistically significant differences were found. Reported indications, contraindications, and dosing were consistent with those found in the literature. The profession of pharmacy, as demonstrated by pharmacy residency programs and pharmacokinetic consultation services, appears to have been instrumental in implementing this method of dosing aminoglycosides.
Measuring social networks using proximity sensors

A significant body of research demonstrates strong connections between social connectedness, stress, and health. However, to date it is unclear whether the beneficial aspects of social connectedness are due to quantity, quality, stability, or role within the network. Here we describe a Bluetooth LE proximity sensor based on the Intel Edison that allows us to track interpersonal distances as function of time while triangulating absolute position. This enables us not only to identify the duration and frequency of social contacts, but also to determine who approaches whom—a feature that is necessary in order to establish social hierarchy structures within the group.
Molecular Mechanism of FXa Inhibition by Cufaxapin, the Main Salivary Anticoagulant of the West Nile Virus Vector Culex quinquesfaciatus

The saliva of mosquitoes contains complex mixtures of bioactive compounds inhibiting hemostasis in their vertebrate host. Here we have identified and characterized the main salivary anticoagulant (...
How a Reconstruction Approximates a Real Life Object

This chapter addresses the problem of reconstruction from projections in the context of reasonable assumptions about the original objective function. Since the objective function is never in the pixel reconstruction space, i. e., Z(n), it is not sufficient to resolve the problem by simply showing (as was done in Chapters III through VII) that if f is in Z(n), then the problem of reconstruction from projections can be made well-posed. Within this chapter, f is not assumed to be in Z(n), and the following question is answered: How close is h to f when h is chosen according to the criterion that Pθh is closest to Pθf, among all possible h in Z(n)?
Un objeto de deseo

This article evaluates and compares the ways in which women are dehumanized and limited to the role of “objects of desire.” The concept of the male gaze is used to depict how women are objectified in La invencion de Morel by Adolfo Bioy Casares and Rosario Tijeras by Jorge Franco, including it’s cinematic interpretation by Emilio Maille. Ultimately, all authors and directors sexualize female characters by limiting them in passive roles, depicting them as exotic objects in the eyes on the audience, the characters in the stories, and through narration and cinematography. This objectification reinforces passive female roles and a hegemony that takes away their agency. La desigualdad del genero, que proviene de una sociedad hegemonica, se manifiesta por la literatura y el cine. La novela La invencion de Morel por Adolfo Bioy Casares, el libro Rosario Tijeras por Jorge Franco y la pelicula dirigida por Emilio Maille retratan las mujeres principales en una manera similar. Los autores y narradores de cada obra convierten a la mujer en objeto por sus descripciones fisicas en las novelas, la cinematografia en la pelicula de Rosario Tijeras y la ubicacion de la mujer en la punta del triangulo amoroso. Este ensayo critica las obras en sus usos de la mirada masculina que deshumaniza a las mujeres y les quita su agencia. En las obras, las mujeres estan limitadas en dos papeles en la narrativa por la mirada de las otras personas. El primero es como un objeto exotico para los personajes en el cuento y el segundo es como un objeto exotico para la audiencia. Mientras tanto los hombres impulsan la trama del cuento. Al fin las feminas son cuerpos en que los varones proyectan sus deseos. El uso de la mirada masculina fortalece los papeles pasivos de las mujeres y la hegemonia que quita su agencia y sus poderes. LA TEORIA DE LA MIRADA
Parameter Mapping Method for Coupled Multidisciplinary Design Systems

Accurate recognition and effective management of coupling relationships among multidisciplinary design models is fundamental to implementation of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization in complex product developments.In view of the demand of complex product developments, a conceptual model of multidisciplinary coupling relationships is built by adopting the set concept.Subsequently, an object-oriented method is used for parameter recognition and representation;and automatic interconnections among multidisciplinary model solvers(design systems) are created by parsing data files.The parameter mapping approach controls and manages data generation, access, conversion, storage and computation processes at individual parameter granularity, enabling interoperations among heterogeneous multidisciplinary data sources.The approach also enables integration of coupled disciplinary model solvers, and effective coordination of multidisciplinary computation processes.The parameter mapping approach has been applied to aero-system developments, and which significantly improves the efficiency and quality of design.
Student Affairs Professionals Supporting Students with Disabilities: A Grounded Theory Model

In an action-based grounded theory project, the authors collected data from 31 student affairs professionals. During seven focus groups, practitioners described feeling unknowledgeable about disability law, accommodations, and diagnoses. However, they drew upon their core values and transferrable skills to support individual students. Participants wanted to move beyond “small wins” with individual students to campus-wide inclusion. To achieve this goal, they engaged in self-directed learning, collaboration, and proactive strategies. An emergent model is presented.
Estimation of functional hepatic mass in resected and regenerating rat liver.

Hepatic uptake of indocyanine green administered to rats in incremental doses follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and thereby provides a means of calculating maximal rate of uptake (Rmax) from removal rates of submaximal doses. Decrease in hepatic mass by weight after 35 and 65% hepatectomy could be identified with a reasonable degree of accuracy by determination of Rmax. In fact, Rmax closely correlated with return of liver weight during hepatic regeneration. Serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and transaminase were not related to liver weight. Temperature had a profound effect on indocyanine green uptake with hypothermia causing a reduction in Rmax. Under these experimental conditions, estimation of maximal removal rate for indocyanine green provided a relatively reliable (about ± 10%) method of quantitating hepatic mass.
Robots in the classroom

Advancements in technology are bringing robotics into interpersonal communication contexts, including the college classroom. This study was one of the first to examine college students communication-related perceptions of robots being used in an instructional capacity. Student participants rated both a human instructor using a telepresence robot and an autonomous social robot delivering the same lesson as credible. However, students gave higher credibility ratings to the teacher as robot, which led to differences between the two instructional agents in their learning outcomes. Students reported more affective learning from the teacher as robot than the robot as teacher, despite controlled instructional performances. Instructional agent type had both direct and indirect effects on behavioral learning. The direct effect suggests a potential machine heuristic in which students are more likely to follow behavioral suggestions offered by an autonomous social robot. The findings generally support the MAIN model and the Computers are Social Actors paradigm, but suggest that future work needs to be done in this area. Both teacher as robot and robot as teacher were rated as credible instructors.The teacher as robot (telepresence teacher) was rated as most credible.The robot as teacher (autonomous social robot) produced more behavioral learning.Robotic displacing technologies may create positive learning attitudes.Robotic replacing technologies may be more effective for influencing behavior.