cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
161 EFFECTS OF LIPOSOMES ON SPERM MOTILITY AND DNA-BINDING EFFICIENCY

In mice, microinjection is the most common gene transfer method used. Unfortunately, this strategy does not translate as well to livestock. Another potential method is sperm-mediated gene transfer, which takes advantage of sperm’s natural ability to bind to naked DNA. Gene transfer using sperm-mediated gene transfer has been shown in pigs (Gandolfi et al. 1989 J. Reprod. Fert. Abstr. Ser. 4) and cattle (Perez et al. 1991 Biotecnol. Apl. 8, 90–94). Based on these observations, we examined the efficiency of exogenous DNA binding to sperm using liposomes. In this experiment, we analysed methods to select thawed bovine sperm for DNA binding and evaluated the binding of exogenous DNA to those sperm. To determine the optimal sperm-selection method, the sperm were analysed using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA), the parameters selected were: total motility, rapid motility, and progressive motility. To measure the binding of DNA we used an indirect analysis using NanoDrop technology (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) to compare the different DNA concentrations among groups. Liposome preparation was done using a cationic lipid, 3-(trimethyl ammonium iodide) 1,2 dimystryl-propanediate and a neutral lipid, l-a Dioleoyl phosphatidyl-ethanolamine prepared according to the protocol of Russell (1997). Percoll or swim-up methods were used to select sperm after thawing (Rubessa et al. 2016), followed by incubation (3 h) with the liposome-DNA complexes according to liposome preparation protocol (Russell, 1997). We used enhanced green fluorescent protein in combination with the liposomes as a marker for exogenous DNA binding. Five treatments per selection method were analysed: 1) immediately after processing (Control), 2) After 3 h of incubation with no liposomes, 3) incubation with liposomes and no DNA, 4) incubation with 1 ng of DNA, and 5) incubation with 10 ng of DNA. This was repeated five times. The CASA results for total motility and rapid motility showed a greater amount of significant differences (P < 0.01) between the control and the other treatments in the Percol group as opposed to swim-up. These results confirm that the sperm selected with swim-up is more stable. Following CASA analysis, sperm was washed with PBS twice and collected in tubes. The DNA from all samples was extracted to determine the quantity of attaching varying amounts of DNA to sperm. The results showed a general increase in DNA concentrations with the increase of DNA added for both methods, but the statistical variation was too large to draw any definite conclusion. In future studies, real-time PCR will be used to determine the quantity of enhanced green fluorescent protein bound to the sperm. Table 1. Results of the computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA)
The fundamental group (summary)

This section is a brief account of elementary definitions and theorems. Let [X, O] be a topological space, and suppose that X is pathwise connected, in the sense defined at the beginning of Section 1. Topological generality will not concern us in the sequel: X will always be a polyhedron in a Cartesian space, or an open subset of such a space, or at least a space homeomorphic to one of these. Let P 0 ∈ X, and let CP (X, P 0) be the set of all closed paths $$p:\left[ {0,1} \right] \to X,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,0 \mapsto {P_0},\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,1 \mapsto {P_0}.$$
Synthesis of formamidinium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals through solid–liquid–solid cation exchange

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have emerged as promising materials for applications in solar energy harvesting as well as in optoelectronic devices. Here, we report the first demonstration of cation exchange on HOIP nanocrystals (NCs). In this reaction, methylammonium cations are replaced in methylammonium lead halide (MAPbX3) NCs by formamidinium cations through a solid–liquid–solid cation exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction and optical characterizations allowed for the close monitoring of this process. Through this new type of cation-exchange reaction, formamidinium lead halide (FAPbX3) NCs with various halide compositions were synthesized by altering the starting material. This allowed for the formation of FAPbX3 HOIP NCs with a wide range of emissions spanning from 395 nm to 700 nm.
Measuring, Modeling and Augmenting Reliability of Man-Machine Systems

Abstract This paper reviews analytical and empirical trends in dealing with human reliability. It reflects on the nature of human error and man-machine reliability, and poses some serious problems of definition which affect numerical results. Techniques for enhancing man-machine system reliability are presented.
The Activity of an ABL-MYC Retrovirus in Fibroblast Cell Lines and in Lymphocytes

Evidence from many laboratories indicates that v-abl and c-myc oncogenes both can participate in the induction of B-cell neoplasia, and under appropriate conditions both may synergize in that process. The first indication of the interaction of these two oncogenes was the experiments of Potter et al (1973) in which it was found that infection of pristane-primed mice with Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) greatly decreased the latent period for plasmacytoma development. Molecular analysis of those tumors indicated that most tumors expressed the v-abl oncogene product and contained a c-myc gene deregulated by chromosomal translocation (Ohno et al 1984) . Although c-myc deregulation has clearly been implicated in plasmacytoma development (Shen-Ong et al 1982; Adams et al 1983; Mushinski et al 1983), retroviruses that express v-myc or c-myc appear to induce tumors of the myeloid series of cells (Bambaugh et al 1985; Vennstrom et al 1984) . Moreover, infection with A-MuLV does not accelerate plasmacytoma development in Eμ-myc transgenic mice (Dyall-Smith et al 1988) . On the other hand, spleen cells from such mice can develop into plasmacytomas following infection with A-MuLV (Sugiyama et al 1989) . To investigate the interaction of v- abl and c-myc deregulated oncogenes under conditions where both are introduced simultaneously into cells we have constructed a virus that expresses both genes.
Ultrafast Hot Carrier Dynamics in GaN and Its Impact on the Efficiency Droop.

GaN is a key material for lighting technology. Yet, the carrier transport and ultrafast dynamics that are central in GaN light-emitting devices are not completely understood. We present first-principles calculations of carrier dynamics in GaN, focusing on electron–phonon (e-ph) scattering and the cooling and nanoscale dynamics of hot carriers. We find that e-ph scattering is significantly faster for holes compared to electrons and that for hot carriers with an initial 0.5–1 eV excess energy, holes take a significantly shorter time (∼0.1 ps) to relax to the band edge compared to electrons, which take ∼1 ps. The asymmetry in the hot carrier dynamics is shown to originate from the valence band degeneracy, the heavier effective mass of holes compared to electrons, and the details of the coupling to different phonon modes in the valence and conduction bands. We show that the slow cooling of hot electrons and their long ballistic mean free paths (over 3 nm at room temperature) are a possible cause of efficiency...
Beyond disciplinary boundaries: Leveraging complementary perspectives on global labour

This symposium-style article brings together scholars from history, sociology and political science to explore how different disciplinary traditions can contribute to a productive dialogue on workers’ collective action and labour power around the world. Grounded in reflections on recent research in three disciplinary communities, the article encourages scholars to tap into findings from other academic traditions to refine the focus and the contextualization of their own analyses. This strategy of moving beyond disciplinary boundaries, the article argues, promises to expand inherited styles of inquiry by encouraging analyses with a wider selection of cases, a more conscious temporal anchoring and broadened geographic reach. The evolution of scholarship along these lines would honour each discipline’s particular conceptual commitments and simultaneously seek to enlist them more broadly for a deeper understanding of labour’s contemporary reorientation.
Take a deep breath and digest the material: organoids and biomaterials of the respiratory and digestive systems

Human organoid models recapitulate many aspects of the complex composition and function of native organs. One of the main challenges in developing these models is the growth and maintenance of three-dimensional tissue structures and proper cellular organization that enable function. Biomaterials play an important role by providing a defined and tunable three-dimensional environment that is required for complex cellular organization and organoid growth in vitro or in vivo. This review summarizes organoids of the respiratory and digestive system, and the use of biomaterials to improve upon these model systems.
Chinese language varieties: pre- and in-service teachers’ voices

ABSTRACTWe investigate the perceptions of international and American Chinese bilingual pre- and in-service graduate students and language teachers regarding Chinese varieties. The 25 participants were currently enrolled college students or recent graduates majoring in language education or other associated programmes at an urban university in the north-eastern United States. Semi-structured interviews probed their views regarding alternative forms of Chinese. Themes identified included: what constitutes a language versus a dialect, a consideration of ethnic and regional identity associated with Chinese varieties (fāngyan), issues of mutual intelligibility, writing systems, sociopolitical and educational policy, language varieties as a resource, and concerns regarding the real and potential loss of language and associated subcultures. Findings show that with exposure to sociolinguists’ views of language, teachers can clarify terminology so that they can potentially present language to students more accurat...
One Point of View: University Research: It Is Paying Off

(1977). One Point of View: University Research: It Is Paying Off. Research Management: Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 8-9.
Clinical Dental Faculty Members' Perceptions of Diagnostic Errors and How to Avoid Them.

Diagnostic errors are increasingly recognized as a source of preventable harm in medicine, yet little is known about their occurrence in dentistry. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of clinical dental faculty members’ perceptions of diagnostic errors, types of errors that may occur, and possible contributing factors. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with ten domain experts at one U.S. dental school in May–August 2016 about their perceptions of diagnostic errors and their causes. The interviews were analyzed using an inductive process to identify themes and key findings. The results showed that the participants varied in their definitions of diagnostic errors. While all identified missed diagnosis and wrong diagnosis, only four participants perceived that a delay in diagnosis was a diagnostic error. Some participants perceived that an error occurs only when the choice of treatment leads to harm. Contributing factors associated with diagnostic errors included the knowledge and skills of the dentist, not taking adequate time, lack of communication among colleagues, and cognitive biases such as premature closure based on previous experience. Strategies suggested by the participants to prevent these errors were taking adequate time when investigating a case, forming study groups, increasing communication, and putting more emphasis on differential diagnosis. These interviews revealed differing perceptions of dental diagnostic errors among clinical dental faculty members. To address the variations, the authors recommend adopting shared language developed by the medical profession to increase understanding.
Crossing a Second Border for South Carolina DACA Students

This qualitative, narrative study explores the stories of three DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) recipients in the state of South Carolina who have had to face educational and career r...
Using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess distal-limb perfusion on venoarterial (V-A) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients with femoral cannulation:

Background:Patients requiring V-A ECMO who receive femoral cannulation have an associated risk of distal, lower-limb hypoperfusion and ischemia of the cannulated leg. This pilot study evaluated the...
Three Conceptions of Possible Worlds

Once it has been settled (so far as it has been settled) that quantification over mere possibilia is literal and objectual, one must choose between an Actualist reinterpretation of the possibilist quantifier and a more outrageous Concretist interpretation. Surprisingly, even within Concretism one must choose between a genuinely Meinongian view (such as that of Richard Sylvan ne Routley) and David Lewis’ unexpectedly different position.
Simulation of stream denitrification for watershed model

Stream denitrification plays an important role in nutrient processes. Incorrect simulation of stream denitrification could cause improper estimates of stream nitrogen loss and nitrogen transport factors, which have implications for watershed nutrient management. This paper presents an improved stream denitrification module for a watershed model to show the importance of simulation of stream denitrification, and analyzes the responses of denitrification to load reductions and flows, providing useful information for watershed nutrient management.
Ground‐Water Problems of the Coastal Plain

The broad lowland belt that extends along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from New York to the Rio Grande is underlain by sedimentarystrata ranging in age from Cretaceous to Recent. These strata consist chiefly of alternating beds of sand or gravel and clay, but also include much limestone and also other kinds of rock. They are largely of marine origin, showing that during much of the time since the early Cretaceous the Coastal Plain has been at least partly below sea level. As a rule the beds dip gently toward the sea, and successively younger formations appear as one approaches the sea. Many of the sand and gravel beds and some of the limestones contain large quantities of water which they yield freely. The clayey beds function as confining beds. Thus, as a rule, the water-bearing beds are replenished by rain and snow at their outcrops; thence, the water percolates down the dip, and on the lower lands, nearer the sea, it is under sufficient artesian pressure to rise to the surface when wells are drilled into the water-bearing formations. Throughout the Coastal Plain ground water, recovered from pumped or flowing wells, is extensively utilized for domestic and industrial supplies; most of the public water supplies are obtained from wells, including a large majority of the smaller municipalities and some of the large cities, such as San Antonio, Houston, Memphis, Jacksonville, Savannah, and Camden; and west of the Mississippi, large supplies for the irrigation of rice and other crops are obtained from wells. For example, during the irrigation season, the daily pumpage from wells in the Grand Prairie rice district, in Arkansas, is about equal to the daily water consumption of the entire city of New York.
The Challenges of Managing Not-for-Profit Organizations

We have not yet dealt specifically with the not-for-profit organizations (NFPOs), an important institutional segment, whose objective is not the creation of economic wealth but the pursuit of activities that will positively affect society at-large. The immediate problem we face when attempting to develop a cohesive strategy for NFPOs is their enormous diversity. The term not-for-profit seems to encompass a wide array of totally different institutions that only share the negative attribute that making money does not motivate them. Is it possible to conduct a coherent analysis of these institutions? We believe so. Moreover, we feel that the Delta Model can give us penetrating insights into how to manage them, based on conclusions that are quite different from the for-profit business sector.
Penn State Pulse: Using Telephone Surveys To Learn More about Students.

How can we know more about students—their habits, concerns, and preferences, as well as how they use and what they think about the services we provide? When educators at Penn State were confronted ...
A theoretical model of human-automation interaction grounded in resource allocation policy during automated driving

Automated driving systems have begun to allow drivers the ability to operate vehicles with reduced driver control. However, the literature in Human Factors indicates that automated systems of different types, purposes, and characteristics can often be used by human drivers counterproductively. This paper introduces an integrative model of human-automation interaction based on attentional resources and allocation policy to guide the systematic research on issues related to automated driving. The model builds upon a human information-processing model (Wickens et al., 2013) and focuses on the effective allocation of attentional resources to different perceptual, cognitive, and response stages when interacting with varying types and levels of automation (Parasuraman et al., 2000). The closed-loop mechanism allows drivers to evaluate joint human-machine performance and modulate the allocation policy, influenced by other factors. The model accounts for complacency and automation bias, and offers guidance of systematic research on drivers' attentional state during automated driving.
Application of RBF Neural Network Optimized Based on K-Means Cluster Algorithm in Fault Diagnosis

Radial Basis Function(RBF) neural network based on K-means cluster algorithm is widely used in intelligent fault diagnose with its good performance for nonlinear problems. However, the selection of initial center and number of hidden layer neurons is random. In this paper, a neural network based on improved K-means cluster algorithm with data density is proposed to solve this problem. The improved algorithm is applied to synchronous condenser's historical data. Simulation results prove the feasibility of the improved algorithm.
Effects of Fe concentration on helium bubble formation in NiFex single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys

Abstract The formation of helium bubbles and the consequential property degradation are critical challenges for materials used in advanced nuclear energy systems. The mechanism of helium bubble formation in a series of NiFex (x = 0, 20, 35, or 50 at.%) single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys (SP-CSAs) are studied in this work. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that with increasing Fe concentration, the average bubble size decreases while the bubble number density increases, indicating the growth of large helium bubbles in NiFex SP-CSAs is suppressed by increasing the alloy chemical complexity through increased Fe concentration. Mechanisms for the slower bubble growth rate in NiFex binary SP-CSAs compared Ni are identified. These mechanisms include promotion of Frenkel pair recombination, denser and more homogeneously distributed nucleation sites, and increased helium atom densities inside the bubbles. The results demonstrate that optimizing the chemical complexity in SP-CSAs can be an effective approach to design materials with superior resistance to helium bubble nucleation and growth.
Self-Management: A Comprehensive Approach to Management of Chronic Conditions

For both clinical and economic reasons, the increasing number of persons living with chronic conditions represents a public health issue of growing importance. Emphasizing patient responsibility, and acting in concert with the provider community, self-management represents a promising strategy for treating chronic conditions—moving beyond education to teaching individuals to actively identify challenges and solve problems associated with their illness. Self-management also shows potential as an effective paradigm across the prevention spectrum (primary, secondary, and tertiary) by establishing a pattern for health early in life and providing strategies for mitigating illness and managing it in later life. We suggest ways to advance research methods and practical applications of self-management as steps in its future development and implementation.
22 Concepts and Categorization

Human knowledge is organized by concepts. Our access to the world is filtered through our concepts. Concepts allow us to communicate, to categorize objects and events into inductively powerful groups, to construct complicated thoughts out of more elementary mental building blocks, and to conserve memory resources by facilitating encodings that incorporate important rather than extraneous information. Alternative theories have proposed that concepts are represented by rules, prototypical category members, many specific exemplars, and structured theories. We consider empirical evidence bearing on these proposals, which, on balance, recommends pluralism, with different representations implicated in different situations. Although concepts are connected to one another in a dense conceptual network, it is also crucial for concepts to connect to the external world via perception and action, as well as language. We consider several theoretical and empirical arguments for specific mechanisms by which concepts are shaped by, and in turn shape, our perceptual and linguistic processes. Finally, we consider future directions for research on concepts and categorization, emphasizing links to other fields such as object recognition and developmental psychology, the development and testing of computational models, and applications of category learning to education. Keywords: concepts; learning; prototype; exemplar; representation
Geriatric patients on antithrombotic therapy as a criterion for trauma team activation leads to over triage.

Abstract Background Our institution amended its trauma activation criteria to require a Level II activation for patients ≥65 years old on antithrombotic medication presenting with suspected head trauma. Methods Our institutional trauma registry was queried for geriatric patients on antithrombotic medication in the year before and after this criteria change. Demographics, presentation metrics, level of activation, and outcomes were compared between groups. Results After policy change, a greater proportion of patients received a trauma activation (19.9 vs. 74.9%, P Conclusions Implementing new criteria increased overtriage, decreased undertriage, and had little effect on mortality.
Applying Attributes of Contemplative Technopedagogy to a Social Media Assignment

With widespread prevalence of digital technology in contemporary higher education, researchers have been keen to identify best practices and understand impacts. Social media present opportunities to cultivate interactive, creative teaching-learning communities. However, inclusion of social media in a course does not necessarily equal deep or creative student engagement. Faculty play an important role in helping students critically and creatively engage with content, colleagues, and context. Utilizing a mixed-methods case study approach, this research explores how contemplative technopedagogy can aid in the development of social media assignments and positively influence student learning. While blogging has been studied as a pedagogical tool, Tumblr has not yet been studied as an educational technology. This research demonstrates how the integration of contemplative technopedagogical attributes can aid faculty in developing social media assignments with contextual awareness that enhance teaching and learning in contemporary higher education.
A tributação do capital: o Imposto de Renda da Pessoa Jurídica e o Imposto sobre Operações Financeiras

Sumario O capitulo apresenta a teoria da tributacao do capital, relativa as questoes sobre a base de incidencia, insercao do capital na economia globalizada e recaimento do onus do imposto nas pessoas juridicas. Discute questoes relativas ao Imposto de Renda na arrecadacao, apuracao e legislacao. Por fim, apresenta o Imposto sobre Operacoes Financeiras em termos de arrecadacao e formas de apuracao.
A validated 34-gene signature for assessing risk of recurrence in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

4522 Background: The objective of this study is to create a molecular tool that can be applied widely to clinical specimens using existing transcript signatures for use in clinical risk prediction ...
Multiple MLL fusion proteins suppress p53-mediated response to DNA damage

2618 Reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving the MLL (Mixed Lineage Leukemia) gene are frequently detected in acute leukemias of both myeloid and lymphocytic origin. It has been demonstrated that MLL fusions can mediate both malignant transformation of normal blood progenitors and subsequent onset of leukemia-like disease in animals. However, molecular mechanisms of MLL leukemogenesis are still poorly understood. We have recently demonstrated that MLL-ELL fusion protein is a potent inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activity, and that this inhibitory effect depends entirely on the presence of intact ELL C-terminus. In this study we investigated the effect of MLL-ELL and several additional frequently-detected MLL fusion proteins on p53 activity in response to genotoxic stress. To accomplish this, expression constructs encoding MLL-AF9, MLL-AF10, MLL-ENL and MLL-ELL were introduced into wild-type p53 U2OS and HCT116 cells using a retroviral gene delivery system. In addition, we generated HCT116 cells that expressed truncated MLL-ELL (MLL-ELLΔCT) incapable of suppressing p53 activity. The presence of MLL fusions in all cell lines was confirmed by RT-PCR and, in the case of MLL-ELL and its truncated mutant, by Western blot using anti-ELL antibodies. Next we challenged MLL fusion-expressing cells with various doses of either ionizing radiation (IR) or adriamycin; and then monitored the induction of endogenous p53 and its direct transcriptional targets. Following exposure to IR or adriamycin, p53 protein levels increased over time to comparable levels in all cell lines. The induction of endogenous p21, MDM2 and Bax was severely diminished in cells expressing full-length MLL fusion proteins, but not in Vector- or MLL-ELLΔCT-expressing cells. These data indicate that stable expression of MLL fusion proteins results in reduced p53 activity in response to a variety of stress signals. In order to increase the biological relevance of our findings to leukemic disease, we retrovirally transduced TK6 lymphoblastic leukemia cells, which express functional wild-type p53, with MLL fusions and treated these cells with either IR or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Despite a significant increase in p53 protein abundance following exposure to IR, TK6 cells expressing MLL-AF9, MLL-AF10, MLL-ENL and MLL-ELL exhibited reduced upregulation of p21 when compared with Vector or MLL-ELLΔCT-expressing cells. Apoptosis in response to 5-FU treatment was also dampened in full-length MLL fusion-expressing cells. Collectively our data show for the first time that frequently observed MLL leukemogenic fusion proteins interfere with cellular response to genotoxic stress by suppressing the activity of p53. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the presence of intact MLL partner protein is required for the inhibitory effect of MLL chimeras on p53. Our results suggest that abrogation of p53 functional activity can be a common feature of MLL leukemogenesis.
Cell antigens and cell specialization. I. A study of blood group antigens on normoblasts.

This article describes the application of four different models to the study of the presence of specific isoantigens on normoblasts. The findings demonstrate the A, B and H receptors on human normoblasts. These receptors can be shown to be present on the surface of normoblasts in all stages of development and on mitotic normoblasts. These findings suggest that cell isoantigens appear early in cell formation and independently of cell maturation.
Vulvar diseases: Approach to the patient

Patients with vulvar dermatoses often delay seeking medical treatment because of anxiety and embarrassment. Moreover, women frequently self-treat with various home remedies and see multiple clinicians before presenting to a dermatologist. Despite serving as the primary providers for patients with vulvovaginal symptoms, gynecologists typically receive limited training in the causes and management of these conditions. Dermatologists are experts in the evaluation and management of cutaneous disease and should be the caretakers of all skin, including the genitalia. Vulvar disorders are underrecognized by dermatologists for numerous reasons: inadequate training, lack of comfort with both interview and examination techniques, and unfamiliarity with normal anatomic variations. The first article in this continuing medical education series on vulvar dermatoses reviews the fundamentals, approach, and techniques that can be used to ensure a successful visit for both patient and provider.
The impact of chronic kidney disease on cerebral hemodynamics: A transcranial Doppler study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) independently increases the risk of stroke and small vessel disease (SVD). This study compared SVD and a transcranial Doppler (TCD)-based marker of intracranial vascula...
Threshold expansion formula of N bosons in a finite volume from a variational approach

In present work, we show how the threshold expansion formula of $N$ identical bosons in finite volume may be derived by iterations of Faddeev-type coupled dynamical equations. The energy shift of $N$-boson system near threshold is dominated by zero momenta mode of $N$-body amplitudes with all particles nearly static. The dominant zero momenta mode and sub-leading non-zero momenta mode contributions are connected through finite volume Faddeev-type coupled dynamical equations. Eliminating non-zero momenta modes by iterations ultimately yields an analytic expression that can be solved by threshold expansion.
Anomaly Detection for Primary Distribution System Measurements using Principal Component Analysis

The sensor measurements in power distribution systems can be potentially anomalous due to sensor malfunctions, communication failure, and cyberattacks. In this paper, a data-driven framework for network-wide anomaly detection in electric power distribution systems is proposed specifically to detect anomalies in primary distribution voltage magnitude measurements. The central hypothesis is that the voltage measurements at a given time-step for different buses of a phase in the power distribution system are correlated. This hypothesis is thoroughly validated for different distribution test systems. Upon leveraging this observation, the first stage of the proposed anomaly detection framework utilizes Batch Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - a dimensionality reduction technique - to reduce the dimensionality of the input data (voltage measurements). The second stage of the proposed framework entails the approach for anomaly detection and identification using the residuals computed from the PCA model. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated using the IEEE 8500-node distribution test system to detect missing and bad data anomalies.
A Network-Centric Analysis for the Internet of Vehicles and Simulation Tools

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging research framework, with network and graph theories as two of the major fields. Researchers in these topics use a variety of tools and approaches to simulate and perform experimentation on their proposed methodologies. A comprehensive study to facilitate the selection of such simulation tools is lacking from the literature. In this work, we provide a systematic review of the different simulation platforms. More precisely, the contributions of this paper are fourfold: firstly, we propose a two-tier hierarchical taxonomy based on the trends in the literature; secondly, we investigate the strengths and limitations of different simulation platforms; and thirdly, we take a network theoretic approach to identify the patterns in IoV research. To this end, we create a network of the publications and populate the edges among them. Community detection is performed using Louvian and Clauset-Newman-Moore algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel approach to reviewing the literature which provides a more in-depth analysis of the trends in the literature. Finally, we review the common datasets for IoV experimentation.
Missing or making the timely diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP): lessons learned

To review the presenting signs, symptoms, laboratory findings, clinical courses, complications, and maternal outcomes in women determined on medicolegal review to have had acute fatty liver of preg...
Unintentional Firearm Injuries in Children

In the United States, a child dies every third day from an unintentional firearm injury. For every death, nearly 20 children are injured, many with serious and lasting morbidity. It is widely believed unintentional firearm fatalities are underreported, as they are frequently misreported as suicide or homicide when medical examiners are uncertain about intent. American children between 5 and 14 years old are 11 times more likely to be killed unintentionally by firearms than in other comparable high-income countries. Approximately one in three children lives in a household with one or more guns. About 20% of these households contain guns stored loaded and unlocked, resulting in an estimated 4.6 million American children living in homes with unsafely stored guns. While children older than 14 years have two to four times the unintentional firearm mortality rate as younger children, the majority of firearm injuries to younger children are unintentional.
Enhancing neuronal plasticity through intracranial theta burst stimulation in the human sensorimotor cortex

Abstract The progress of therapeutic neuromodulation greatly depends on improving stimulation parameters to most efficiently induce neuroplasticity effects. Intermittent Theta Burst stimulation (iTBS), a form of electrical stimulation that mimics the natural brain activity patterns, has shown efficacy in inducing such effects in animal studies and rhythmic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) studies in humans. However, little is known about the potential neuroplasticity effects of iTBS applied through intracranial electrodes in humans which could have implications for deep brain stimulation therapies. This study characterizes the physiological effects of cortical iTBS in the human cortex and compare them with single pulse alpha stimulation, another frequently used paradigm in rTMS research. We applied these stimulation paradigms to well-defined regions in the sensorimotor cortex which elicited contralateral hand or arm muscle contractions during electrical stimulation mapping in epilepsy patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. Treatment effects were evaluated using effective connectivity and beta oscillations coherence measures in areas connected to the treatment site as defined with cortico-cortical evoked potentials. Our results show that iTBS increases beta band synchronization within the sensorimotor network indicating a potential neuroplasticity effect. The effect is specific to the sensorimotor system, the beta frequency band and the stimulation pattern (no effect was found with single-pulse alpha stimulation). The effects outlasted the stimulation by three minutes. By characterizing the neurophysiological effects of iTBS within well-defined cortical networks, we hope to provide an electrophysiological framework that allows clinicians and researchers to optimize brain stimulation protocols which may have translational value.
Thirty Years of Monte Carlo Simulations of Electronic Transport in Semiconductors: Their Relevance to Science and Mainstream VLSI Technology

We review briefly some aspects of the history of Monte Carlo simulations of electronic transport in semiconductors. In the early days their heavy computational cost rendered them suitable only to study problems of pure physics, as simpler models provided the answers necessary to design ‘electrostatically good’ devices. Now that scaling has taken another meaning (i.e., looking for alternative materials, crystal orientations, device geometries, etc.), Monte Carlo simulations may gain popularity once more, since they allow an efficient and reliable evaluation of speculative ideas. We show examples of both aspects of the results of Monte Carlo work.
Responses of pea plants to multiple antagonists are mediated by order of attack and phytohormone crosstalk.

Plants are often attacked by multiple antagonists and traits of the attacking organisms and their order of arrival onto hosts may affect plant defences. However, few studies have assessed how multiple antagonists, and varying attack order, affect plant defence or nutrition. To address this, we assessed defensive and nutritional responses of Pisum sativum plants after attack by a vector herbivore (Acrythosiphon pisum), a nonvector herbivore (Sitona lineatus), and a pathogen (Pea enation mosaic virus, PEMV). We show viruliferous A. pisum induced several antipathogen plant defence signals, but these defences were inhibited by S. lineatus feeding on peas infected with PEMV. In contrast, S. lineatus feeding induced antiherbivore defence signals, and these plant defences were enhanced by PEMV. Sitona lineatus also increased abundance of plant amino acids, but only when they attacked after viruliferous A. pisum. Our results suggest that diverse communities of biotic antagonists alter defence and nutritional traits of plants through complex pathways that depend on the identity of attackers and their order of arrival onto hosts. Moreover, we show interactions among a group of biotic stressors can vary along a spectrum from antagonism to enhancement/synergism based on the identity and order of attackers, and these interactions are mediated by a multitude of phytohormone pathways.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Legal Defense of Indigents: Provide Indigent Defense Funds to Defend Indigent Juveniles

The Act allows money given to counties for indigent defense to be used for the appointment of attorneys for juveniles as well as for adults involved in juvenile proceedings.
An Introduction to Deep Sea Drilling in the Indian Ocean

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to present a simple description of the morphology and structure of the Indian Ocean, to review the problems presented to the D/V CHALLENGER before drilling commenced and to present, within this general context, the highlights of the findings of the drilling program.
The Solution Conformation of the Ferrichromes IV. pH DEPENDENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL SLOW AMIDE HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE IN ALUMICHROME

Abstract The kinetics of hydrogen-deuterium exchange for the four individual protected amides of alumichrome, the Al3+ analogue of ferrichrome, have been studied by proton magnetic resonance. In the range 3 l pD l 7 the exchange rates are relatively invariant. A tighter binding to the metal as the pD is raised results in a conformational stability gain, which compensates for the known base catalysis of the intrinsic amide hydrogen exchange within this pD range. The analysis of the exchange kinetic data versus temperature within the framework of the "absolute reaction rate theory" yields the enthalpy (ΔH†) and entropy (ΔS†) contributions to the free energy of activation (ΔF†). Depending on the particular amide, ΔH† and ΔS† appear to vary over wider ranges than does ΔF†. On the average it is found that raising the pD from ∼3 to ∼7 increases ΔH† while decreasing ΔS†. It is proposed that while conformational fluctuations are of importance at low pD, at neutrality the exchange of certain amides might proceed through a higher energy barrier without significant exposure to the solvent.
Synthesis and generation of surfaces milled by ball nose end mills under tertiary cutter motion

The synthesis and generation of milled surfaces under tertiary cutter motion of the spindle with ball nose end mills was investigated and shown that a multitude of surface topographies can be generated. A basis for theoretical investigation was established by the derivation of the tooth path equations and the development of computer simulation models for ball nose end milling processes. The accuracy of the developed computer model and the feasibility of the tertiary cutter motion concept were subsequently authenticated and verified by the agreement between the experiments and the computer simulations.
Magneto-optical study of Ba(Fe 1-x M x ) 2 As 2 ( M=Co and Ni) single crystals irradiated with heavy ions

Optimally doped single crystals of $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{M}_{x})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ $(M=\text{Co},\text{ }\text{Ni})$ were irradiated with 1.4 GeV ${^{208}\text{P}\text{b}}^{56+}$ ions at fluences corresponding to matching fields of ${B}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}=0.1$, 0.5, 1, and 2 T. Magneto-optical imaging has been used to map the distribution of the magnetic induction in the irradiated samples. The imaging is complemented by the magnetization measurements. The results show a substantial enhancement of the apparent critical current densities as revealed by the much larger Bean penetration fields and an increase in the hysteretic magnetization. However, the effect depends on the compound, temperature, and applied magnetic field. In $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{0.926}{\text{Co}}_{0.074})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ crystals, at 15 K and low fields, the enhancement appears to scale with the irradiation dose at a rate of about $0.27\text{ }\text{MA}\ensuremath{\cdot}{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }{\text{T}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, whereas in $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{0.954}{\text{Ni}}_{0.046})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ crystals, higher irradiation doses are less effective. Our results suggest that moderate irradiation with heavy ions is an effective way to homogeneously enhance the current-currying capabilities of pnictide superconductors.
Characteristics of Streptococcus mutans strains lacking the MazEF and RelBE toxin-antitoxin modules.

Two pairs of genes were identified in Streptococcus mutans with similarity to relBE and mazEF toxin–antitoxin (TA) modules of Escherichia coli. Transcription of mazEF and relBE was repressed by amino acid starvation, and relBE expression was repressed by low pH. Mutants lacking MazF, RelE, or both toxins (MRT1) grew in broth media and formed biofilms as well as the parent. Biofilm populations of MRT1 were more resistant to acid killing than the parent or single mutants. MRT1 also exhibited a longer diauxie during growth on glucose and inulin and displayed decreased phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase activity. This is the first report that demonstrates a physiological role for TA modules in Gram-positive bacteria.
Need we measure anxiety differently for males and females

Using 2 separate large samples of children (N[sub 1] = 957 and N[sub 2 = 3,855) and 1 smaller sample of adolescents and adults (N[sub 3] = 416), 3 studies of item selection for measurement of anxiety were conducted to determine if item selection differed across gender when traditional psychometric methods were applied. Applying a common set of item selection rules for males and for females, the same items were selected for inclusion on various measures of anxiety with differing item-response formats with comparable internal consistency reliability obtained using separate gender and combined gender samples. Standard psychometric methods indicate anxiety is measured in males and females about equally well and by essentially the same items.
An asynchronous distributed algorithm for real-time payments-processing in a partially-connected network of banks

Abstract The payment-processing system in the banking industry consists of deposits, withdrawals, and transfers of monies through the use of cash, checks, magnetic tapes, and electronic transactions. Of these, nearly all of the check processing through the United States Federal Reserve System, most of the check processing in the private networks, and a part of the electronic transactions are realized through the utilization of the principles of batch-mode processing. This is a conservative and secure means of transaction processing wherein operations, initiated by users, are stored within the system for a certain length of time, typically a few hours to a day or a week, and completed during off-hours i.e.; when the bank is closed to users. Batch-mode processing suffers from many limitations, the principal ones being that: (i) users are denied real-time access to their money, and that (ii) a user's banking privileges cannot be extended — a facility that is increasingly being demanded by users. A centralized banking algorithm, similar to the Swiss Interbank Clearing System (SIC), is inadequate for the United States of America with nearly 12,700 financial institutions and which is extremely vulnerable to a natural calamity or an act of terrorism. This paper proposes a new, distributed architecture for payments processing within a network of major banks as an alternative to the Federal Reserve System. This approach distributes the processing operations to multiple, concurrent, cooperating geographically distributed computers i.e., at many sites, to achieve real-time transaction processing. In essence, a user's most recent account balance and the banking privileges of withdrawal, deposit and, transfer are available to a user, transparently, anywhere i.e., at any of the major banks constituting the network. The accuracy of every transaction is guaranteed and, as a result, (i) banks are not exposed to the risk of fraudulent or bad credits, and (ii) users are not denied complete access to their most recent balances.
Hilbert class library: A library of abstract C++ classes for optimization and inversion☆

According to the Object-Oriented Programming paradigm, a computer program should be organized around the fundamental objects it manipulates. In the C++ programming languages, these objects are embodied in classes. The Hilbert Class Library (HCL) is a collection of C++ classes designed for implementing numerical optimization algorithms in the context of Hilbert spaces. HCL includes base classes for defining vectors, linear operators, nonlinear operators and functionals, and related mathematical objects. Using these base classes, algorithms can be coded in a natural style that does not refer to application-specific details; nonetheless, the code can be applied to arbitrarily complex applications. Thus, HCL is intended to provide a way to bridge the often large gap between sophisticated numerical optimization routines and complicated simulation-based applications.
Effect of flap placement and defect size on healing of experimental furcation defects.

Through-and-through furcation defects were experimentally created in one group of monkeys (Study 1) and in one group of dogs (Study 2). The effect of reconstructive periodontal surgery using citric acid conditioning of the instrumented root surfaces was studied. Two experimental variables were investigated: (1) variation of the placement and suturing of the flaps and (2) variation of the size of the furcation defects. The results of these studies indicate that adequate postoperative flap coverage of the furcations seems to be critical for successful healing of the furcation defects. Variations in the vertical dimension of the defects seems to play a secondary role. Future studies in experimental animals should evaluate methods which will provide improved post-operative coverage of the furcation area during healing of furcation defects in human patients.
Avoid Dirty Acronym Pollution Today (ADAPT)

Humor usually contains a great deal of common sense. So it is with this paper. Through a satiric approach, it comments on the proliferation of acronyms in business and industrial communication.