cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Transport Mechanism of Neurotransmitter Sodium Symporter Proteins with Molecular Dynamics

Neurotransmitter transporters, such as monoamine transporters (MATs), are membrane-bound proteins on the presynaptic terminal responsible for the reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. Function of the MATs is associated with mood, emotion, and movement, among others. Dopamine transporter (DAT), a member of the MAT family, is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter responsible for pleasurable feelings. Work by Shan et. al. suggests that two DA molecules must bind before transport through DAT can occur, while other research disagrees. For this reason, the transport mechanism remains ambiguous. Using molecular dynamics simulations and a dual bilayer system with two DAT proteins, our study mimics physiological conditions at a synapse. One protein began in its occluded state, with DA and sodium bound in the S1 binding pocket. In this poster, we report the results from our simulation in which a single DA dissociated from the protein into the intracellular matrix without the need for a second bound DA. The sodium ions have yet to leave the binding pocket.
Culture, myth, and ideology as public argument: An interpretation of the ascent and demise of “Southern culture”;

This essay explores the complex relationships between culture, myth, and ideology and their expression in public argument. Myth provides the unique, characteristic “polarizing image”; around which elements of a culture coalesce. As culture is subjected to criticism, however, ideology emerges as an appropriate cultural form which “justifies”; that particular world view. A culture under increasing attack grants a preeminence to ideology that imbues it with mythic qualities such that it now redefines the polarizing image, hence, the culture itself. This analysis is used to explain the development and demise of “Southern Culture.”;
Response of laminated architectural glazing subjected to blast loading

Solutions based on the classical small deflection and large deflection plate theories are presented for a rectangular laminated architectural glazing subjected simulated blast loading. The results of the analytical models are compared with a three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis. Most of the recent studies have emphasized the effect of the positive phase of blast loading while determining the structural response. This study shows that for certain laminated glass panel configurations, the negative phase of a blast loading has a significant effect on the dynamic response. In particular, mid-span panel deflection and maximum tensile stress due to negative pressure are almost double the corresponding quantities due to positive blast loading phase. This means that if the glazing does not fail in the positive loading duration, it may do so in the negative loading phase because of higher dynamic stresses during this later phase.
Processing and characterization of nanographene platelets modified phenolic resin as a precursor to carbon/carbon composites—part I

Nanocomposites were formed by curing the dispersion of carbon nanofillers—nanographene platelets and vapor grown carbon nanofibers—in resole type phenolic resin. X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal expansion, and thermogravimetric and flexure testing were carried out to study the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of the manufactured nanocomposites. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreased by 15.36% (73.83 µm/m℃) and 14.23% (74.81 µm/m℃) with 1.5 wt% nanographene platelets and 1.5 wt% vapor grown carbon nanofibers, respectively, compared with neat phenolic (87.23 µm/m℃) in the temperature range 60–80°. The flexure strength of neat phenolic resin increased by 31.62% (48.57 MPa) and flexure modulus by 42.23% (2.9 GPa) at 0.5 wt% nanographene platelets. Comparatively, vapor grown carbon nanofibers at 1.5 wt% increased the flexure strength by 14.3% and flexure modulus by 23.5%. Nanographene platelets and vapor grown carbon nanof...
Clinical predictors and efficacy of antitachycardia pacing in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the importance of the patient's sex.

PETERS, R.W., et al.: Clinical Predictors and Efficacy of Antitachycardia Pacing in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: The Importance of the Patient's Sex. The ICD has become accepted as primary therapy for malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The incorporation of antitachycardia pacing into ICDs has provided a better tolerated alternative to shocks but has the potential disadvantage of delaying definitive therapy. Accordingly, we sought to delineate the characteristics of patients likely to experience unsuccessful termination of pacing and to identify ineffective pacing strategies. Of 519 patients who received ICDs, 11 clinical and tachycardia characteristics in the 162 who received antitachycardia pacing therapy for sustained ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated. Tachycardia episodes were grouped according to outcome of pacing (successful, unsuccessful, acceleration). Of 1,946 episodes, 1,502 (77.2%) were successfully reverted with pacing, 322 (16.5%) were unsuccessful, and 121 (6.2%) were accelerated. Antitachycardia pacing was less successful in women, patients with a history of myocardial infarction, those with more severe left ventricular dysfunction, those who received antiarrhythmic drugs, and those programmed to ramp pacing. Tachycardia acceleration was inversely related to tachycardia cycle length and was more frequent in patients programmed to more aggressive ramp pacing protocols. Women had an almost threefold incidence of tachycardia acceleration compared with men (14% vs 5%, P < 0.001). Antitachycardia pacing is generally successful in terminating ventricular tachycardia and has a low incidence of tachycardia acceleration. Caution should be used with rapid tachycardias and aggressive ramp pacing protocols because of an increased risk of acceleration. Antitachycardia pacing appears less successful and has a higher incidence of complications in women.
Characterization of Program Controlled CO 2 Laser-Cut PDMS Channels for Lab-on-a-chip Applications

PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) is an important material for lab-on-a-chip, an emerging technology to automate biological and chemical operations in microfluidic devices. Laser manufacturing of materials suitable for use in laminate-based construction of lab-on-a-chip devices is an important step in the development of automated assembly line procedures. This study investigates the effect of laser cutting parameters on channel topography when a carbon dioxide laser is used to create trenches in PDMS. We present cross-sectional micrographs of the laser-ablated channels that reveal a modified Gaussian contour, with smooth, circular arcs at the bottom of the channel. We define geometric parameters that describe the contours, including cut depth and maximum cut width. Relationships between laser power, pulses per inch, and laser traverse speed and ablation profile patterns are established. A strong linear relationship (R2=0.9951) between cut depth and laser power is demonstrated. Analysis of the radii of circular arcs at the bottom of the channel and at the surface of the PDMS was performed. As laser power density is increased (increase in laser power or pulses per inch) the PDMS surface radii and channel floor radius decrease.
A New Approach to Liquefaction Potential Mapping using Satellite Remote Sensing and Support Vector Machine Algorithm

Earthquake induced ground shaking in areas with saturated sandy soils pose a major threat to communities due to soil liquefaction. Currently liquefaction potential is assessed on two scales: regionally based on surficial geologic unit or locally based on geotechnical sample data. However, the regional maps fail to capture the variability whereas; the collection of geotechnical data on the local scale is costly. Remote sensing products from air and space borne sensors allow us to explore the land surface parameters at different spatial scales. We explore the use of satellite based remote sensing data (Landsat 7 ETM+), together with other satellite derived products and geologic map at a test site in California. A supervised classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) yielded an overall classification accuracy of 84% on a test data, indicating that the approach is promising for liquefaction potential mapping.
A probabilistic model of glenohumeral external rotation strength for healthy normals and rotator cuff tear cases

The reigning paradigm of musculoskeletal modeling is to construct deterministic models from parameters of an “average” subject and make predictions for muscle forces and joint torques with this model. This approach is limited because it does not perform well for outliers, and it does not model the effects of population parameter variability. The purpose of this study was to simulate variability in musculoskeletal parameters on glenohumeral external rotation strength in healthy normals, and in rotator cuff tear case using a Monte Carlo model. The goal was to determine if variability in musculoskeletal parameters could quantifiably explain variability in glenohumeral external rotation strength. Multivariate Gamma distributions for musculoskeletal architecture and moment arm were constructed from empirical data. Gamma distributions of measured joint strength were constructed. Parameters were sampled from the distributions and input to the model to predict muscle forces and joint torques. The model predicted measured joint torques for healthy normals, subjects with supraspinatus tears, and subjects with infraspinatus–supraspinatus tears with small error. Muscle forces for the three conditions were predicted and compared. Variability in measured torques can be explained by differences in parameter variability.
Cervical cancer vaccine.

Major advances in the prevention of cervical cancer have been made this year. On average there are about 9710 new cases of cervical cancer in the United States each year and 3700 deaths attributed to it. The lethality of cervical cancer is even greater worldwide where it is the second most common cancer in women causing over 470000 new cases each year and 233000 deaths. The discrepancy is largely due to the decreased availability of affordable screening and treatment in many countries. The vaccine Gardasil manufactured by Merck Pharmaceuticals was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) using a priority review process early in June of this year. By the end of June the Center for Disease Control (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) had issued recommendations that Gardasil be routinely given to girls when they are 11-12 years old. The ACIP recommendation also allows for the vaccination of girls beginning at 9 years at the discretion of the physician or healthcare provider. In addition the recommendation includes girls and women ages 13-26 years old because they will benefit from the protection although the best protection is achieved before the onset of sexual activity. (excerpt)
The Determination of Antibody to Streptococcus mutans Serotypes in Saliva for Children Ages 3 to 7 Years

The saliva of 29 children ages 3 to 7 years was followed by indirect immunofluorescence to determine the antibody reacting with the 5 different serotypes of S mutans. Fluorescent antisera specific for α chain and γ chain were used. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated a significant negative correlation between antibody of immunoglobulin class (IgA) to S mutans type b and the decayed, extracted, and filled surfaces of deciduous teeth.
Expression of SRY transcripts in preimplantation human embryos

We have examined the expression of SRY mRNA in individual in vitro fertilized preimplantation human embryos; because of ethical constraints, these studies were confined to embryos with one and three pronuclei. Using a sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, we observed SRY mRNA at the one-cell through the blastula stages but not in spermatozoa. These results indicate that the de novo transcription of this sex-specific gene occurs at a developmental time considerably earlier than that of gonadal differentiation. Our results also indicate that in vitro fertilized embryos with one pronucleus are likely to be diploid.
Cytomegalovirus Quantitation by Real-Time PCR Is Unaffected by Delayed Separation of Plasma from Whole Blood

A previous study suggested that delayed sample preparation can cause a false-positive plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) PCR. We evaluated 78 samples submitted for CMV testing, and we report that a 24-h delay in plasma separation did not affect viral quantitation by real-time PCR. Laboratories should evaluate specimen handling requirements for their own PCR technology.
Gender Specific Coping Patterns in Widowed Parents with Dependent Children

This article looks at how the gender of the surviving parent affects the coping styles of bereaved family's with dependent children. Interview data from five father- and five mother-headed bereaved families from the MGH/Harvard Child Bereavement Study were subjected to an in-depth analysis. The findings suggest differences in parental coping patterns that seemed to be gender specific. Mothers in this sub-sample tended to adjust their own priorities to their children's needs, recognizing their children's needs for continuity in daily family life. For mothers there was more continuity between their past and their present roles. Family life was more disrupted by the death in father-headed households and fathers' efforts to establish new family routines did not always achieve their goal. Fathers, in this sub-sample, recognized the importance of continuity for their children by the second year after the death. However, they did not always make needed changes in their coping styles to meet these needs. Coping s...
Focus on caregivers to prevent dental caries in young children.

Dental caries is the m o s t c o m m o n chronic disease of childhood and an area of major health disparity. Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood and an area of major health disparity. Approximately 14% of children in the U.S. aged 3 to 5 years have untreated caries, however, the rate increases to 25% in families below the poverty level according to a new study (Divaris et al., 2014). The new study looked at the role of caregivers on children's entry into the dental care system using prospectively collected interview data from 2007 to 2008 and Medicaid claims. The study identified 1000 children under the age of 5 who had not had a dental visit, 72% of whom were under the age of 2. Caregivers of these children were primarily single women; 31% had some college education. At a median 25 month follow-up, 39% of the children had entered the dental system with 13% encountering the dental system the first time for emergency dental care. Two-thirds had not entered the dental care system at all. The study found that caregivers' own dental neglect emerged as a significant predictor of non-entrance. Caregivers whose children had not received dental care had poor personal oral health, lower comprehension based health literacy, and higher dental neglect. The researchers concluded that caregivers have a pivotal role in children's oral health and care. They recommend that interventions aimed at improving children's oral health should involve community outreach to engage caregivers in a culturally appropriate manner when their children are infants or toddlers. This study confirms previous studies which found that the children most susceptible to dental caries (those with low incomes, bottle fed and high intake of sweetened drinks) were also the children most likely to have never seen a
The Spatiotemporal Organization of ErbB Receptors: Insights from Microscopy

Signal transduction is regulated by protein–protein interactions. In the case of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the precise nature of these interactions remains a topic of debate. In this review, we describe state-of-the-art imaging techniques that are providing new details into receptor dynamics, clustering, and interactions. We present the general principles of these techniques, their limitations, and the unique observations they provide about ErbB spatiotemporal organization.
Novel therapeutic agents in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Within the past few years, major advances in the preclinical and clinical testing of novel therapeutic agents have occurred in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). These include agents that target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, PKC pathways, NF-kB signaling pathway, as well as tyrosine kinases and histone deacetylase inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the clinical development of these agents in WM.
Interrelationships Between Oceanographic Events and Mass Wasting of the Sea Floor

The shaping of the ocean floor is dependent not only on the local geological setting and the nature of the substrate, but it is also influenced by the overlying water mass. The purpose of this paper is to explore various physical, chemical, and biological factors that can be responsible for subaqueous erosion and landslides. Because oceanographic conditions change in response to both global climate fluctuations and the continuous rearrangements of the size, shape, and depth of the ocean basins, submarine erosion has a certain degree of time dependency, Knowledge of the so-called “paleo-oceanographic events” is made available primarily from the results of deep-sea drilling and seismic reflection profiling.
Effect of Unsteady Wake With Trailing Edge Coolant Ejection on Film Cooling Performance for a Gas Turbine Blade

The effect of unsteady wakes with trailing edge coolant ejection on surface heat transfer coefficients and film cooling effectiveness is presented for a downstream film-cooled turbine blade. The detailed heat transfer coefficient and film effectiveness distributions on the blade surface are obtained using a transient liquid crystal technique. Unsteady wakes are produced by a spoked wheel-type wake generator upstream of the five-blade linear cascade. The coolant jet ejection is simulated by ejecting coolant through holes on the hollow spokes of the wake generator. For a blade without film holes, unsteady wake increases both pressure side and suction side heat transfer levels due to early boundary layer transition. Adding trailing edge ejection to the unsteady wake further enhances the blade surface heat transfer coefficients particularly near the leading edge region. For a film-cooled blade, unsteady wake effects slightly enhance surface heat transfer coefficients but significantly reduces film effectiveness. Addition of trailing edge ejection to the unsteady wake has a small effect on surface heat transfer coefficients compared to other significant parameters such as film injection, unsteady wakes, and grid generated turbulence, in that order. Trailing edge ejection effect on film effectiveness distribution is stronger than on the heat transfer coefficients.
Oxidative Degradation of 6-Selenoguanosine in Aqueous Solutions

The degradation of 6-selenoguanosine (NSC 137679)(I) in water and in various buffer systems ws investigated. Drug degradation in aqueous media was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Some kinetic aspects of the degradation of I in various brffer systems at 25° also were studied spectrophotometrically. The degradation, of I to be corresponding diselem=nide, which prouces a selenide and metallic selenium in the presence of oxygen. This degradation pathway differs from that reported for the oxidation of related thio compounds.
Age-related activation of the hepatic unfolded protein response and inflammasome are reduced by trehalose treatment (1115.2)

The accumulation of damaged proteins can perturb cellular homeostasis and provoke aging, pathological states and cell death. Quality control systems, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), in...
Methoxyflurane analgesia for office surgery

The use of methoxyflurane as a preoperative analgesic is discussed as an inexpensive and safe method for use in office surgery.
Nursery-phase Culture of Green Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis using “On-bottom” Cages

Abstract Sea urchin hatchery techniques are well established, but cost effective grow-out strategies are still under development. Juvenile green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) with a test diameter of less than 15 mm are vulnerable to predation when released into the wild and mortality can be high; therefore a protected nursery phase is required. This study investigated the feasibility of a cost effective on-bottom nursery cage system to provide protection at this stage. Wild-caught juvenile urchins (average diameter 7.93 ± 0.65 mm) were held in specially designed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh tubes, 50 per tube, at two lease sites in Penobscot Bay, ME. Replicate tubes were placed on 3 bottom types (mussel, cobble, and ledge) at the Sloop Island site and on cobble bottom type at the Job Island site. Groups of urchins were counted and measured 5 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo after placement to gauge handling mortality, growth, and survival. Handling mortality after 5 wk was 5% with no signific...
Exploring the Racial Divide in Education and the Labor Market through Evidence from Interracial Families

We examine gaps between minorities and whites in education and labor market outcomes, controlling for many covariates including maternal race. Identification comes from different reported races within the family. Estimates show two distinct patterns. First, there are no significant differences in outcomes between black and white males with white mothers. Second, large differences persist between these groups and black males with black mothers. The patterns are insensitive to alternative measures of own race and school fixed effects. Our results suggest that discrimination is not occurring on the basis of child skin color but through mother-child channels such as dialect or parenting practices.
Lissajous Curve Methods for the Identification of Nonlinear Circuits: Calculation of a Physical Consistent Reactive Power

This paper presents a novel analysis of nonlinear circuits useful for the computation of the reactive power from only terminal measurements. The method computes the reactive power of unknown circuits based on the physical understanding of Maxwell equations. The proposed method is able to identify instantaneous quantities (circuit parameters, powers, etc.) for two physical equivalent models: series and parallel circuits. The parallel equivalent model shows advantages for multi-subsystems. Several numerical examples are provided for validation of the proposed method and to illustrate step-by-step the calculation details. To be compatible with digital instrumentation, a time discrete formulation is used for all calculations. All examples are simulated in MATLAB and the EMTP (Electro-Magnetic Transients Program).
Small Business Transformation: The MEDS Approach

In today's rapidly changing business environment, small businesses must gain a deeper understanding of the future to develop strategies that will provide them with sustainable competitive advantage. The traditional approaches to strategy formulation are inadequate in an environment that is complex and dynamic. This paper investigates a "new " approach that helps small businesses "see the future." It discusses an application of the multi­ equilibrium dissipative structures (MEDS) approach to strategy formulation within the context of a small business involved in medical management software development. The dissipative systems approach can be used to evaluate the critical discontinuities that a small business faces in dealing with its changing environment. The approach also provides an opporrunity fur researchers to further develop theory in strategy formulation in small businesses, especially those directly involved in the rapidly changing areas of global operations and technology innovations.
Characterization of network traffic processes under adaptive traffic control systems

Abstract We present a compact characterization of network-level traffic processes for a dense urban area operating under an adaptive traffic control system. The characterization is based on a state classification scheme that is employed at a detector level, and a state transition model that works with combinations of detectors that are topologically dependent. Jointly, the two models provide a concise but rich representation of traffic processes at the network level. The key insight is the identification of transient states, termed under-utilized (U) states, where network effects such as insufficient downstream capacity are captured. In such states the green time is not fully used. The approach provides the space-time evolution of states across the network, conditional probabilities of upstream traffic states that drive state propagation in the near term, and probabilistic information on congested paths on the network, where paths are described as a sequence of detectors. The paper presents empirical evidence based on the SCATS adaptive control system in Dublin, the insights provided by the proposed approach, and the importance of under-utilized states, which represent as much as 20% of unused capacity along certain corridors in peak periods. The results provide a basis for future network control procedures.
Effect of Indomethacin in Endotoxin Shock in the Dog.

SummaryPretreatment of dogs with 20 mg/kg of indomethacin blocked some of the hemodynamic effects of endotoxin. In the treated animals i.v. injection of the LD80 dose of endotoxin (E. coli) caused a significantly smaller transient fall in the first phase of shock than in the control group. After the initial brief fall, the arterial blood pressure stayed at normal level for the duration of the experiment in dogs that received indomethacin. This was in contrast to the characteristic decline of arterial pressure in the untreated dogs in the second phase of shock. Administration of indomethacin lowered the rectal temperature and portal venous pressure of dogs. The results were discussed and compared to those obtained with other anti-inflammatory agents.
Pedro Calderon de la Barca and Madrid's Theatrical Calendar, 1700–1750: A Question of Priorities

Until recently, the subject of Calderon's dominance of eighteenth-century popular theatre has been a closed case. What discussion there had been was centered on the heated polemics which surged during the second half of the century between the rabidly anti-Calderonian neo-classicists and the pro-Calderonian nationalists. Despite their conflicts over the literary and dramatic quality of his work, the general consensus on both sides was that Calderon's plays enjoyed widespread popularity among theatre-goers, and that his style influenced successive generations of dramatists throughout the century.
PREDICTION OF PITCH-DAMPING OF PROJECTILES AT LOW SUPERSONIC AND TRANSONIC VELOCITIES

A computational approach for predicting the pitchdamping coefficient sum for axisymmetric projectiles at high subsonic, transonic and supersonic velocities is presented. The technique makes use of a specific combination of coning and spinning motions that allows the pitch-damping force and moment coefficients to be determined from the aerodynamic side force and moment. A key feature of the approach is that steady flow fields are produced by the selected motions. A timemarching thin-layer Navier-Stokes approach is applied to compute the steady-state aerodynamic forces and moments resulting from the imposed coning and spinning motions. The technique is validated using data obtained from aerodynamics range firings of an ogivecylinder configuration, and excellent agreement is found. Comparisons are also made with previously published parabolized Navier-Stokes computations at supersonic velocities. Nomenclature
Innate Immune Regulation of the Allergic March: Using House Dust to Validate the Hygiene Hypothesis

Over the last several decades, it has become increasingly clear that innate immune responses to microbes are mediated by several families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) constitutively expressed by a wide range of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types. These receptors respond to molecules and enzymatic byproducts generated by fungi, parasites, bacteria, and viruses that are often referred to as microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Not unexpectedly, my laboratory has found that PRRs also play a dominant role in innate responses to non-infectious immunostimulatory materials present in house dust extracts (HDEs) and the living environments they represent. However, our investigations challenge the commonly held view that microbial products in ambient air protect against the allergic march by promoting protective Th1 biased adaptive responses to inspired aeroallergens. Instead, all HDEs studied to date have preferentially promoted the development of Th2 biased airway hypersensitivities when used as adjuvants for intranasal (i.n.) vaccination of mice. In contrast, daily low dose i.n. HDE delivery was found to promote the development of aeroallergen tolerance. This article will review these experimental findings as evidence to propose a new paradigm by which airborne MAMPs and other stimulants of innate immunity may influence aeroallergen specific immunity and the genesis of allergic respiratory diseases.
Research on the Reuse Wastewater Treatment by Lime Process in Power Plant

This paper conducts experiments on the reuse wastewater treatment by lime process in two power plants of Hebei,determines the treatment parameters of different reuse wastewater and investigates its effects and characteristics.The test shows that it is reliable to use lime process to treat the reuse wastewater in power plant.
[Effect of cadmium chloride on the expression and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in normal rat kidney epithelial cells].

Objective To explore the effect of cadmium chloride on the expression and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in normal rat kidney epithelial (NRK)cells. Methods The NRK cells were incubated with cadmium chloride either at respective dose (0,1,5,10,20,40 μmol/L) for 24 h or at same dose (10 μmol/L) for respective time (0,0. 5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0 h). Western blotting was applied to test the expression of MAPK in NRK cells (ERK1/2,p38,JNK);and phosphor-specific antibody to detect the phosphorylated MAPK (p-ERK1/2, p-p38, p-JNK). Results There was no significant difference in the MAPK expression among the groups either treated with different doses or for different time; however,the level of phosphorylated MAPK was comparatively higher than it in control group. There was an obvious expression of p-ERK1/2 at 1.00 ±0. 06 in the group incubated with 10 μmol/L CdCl2; and the expression in the 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L CdCl2 group was 2. 58 ± 0. 11,2. 76 ±0. 23 respectively,which was 1.58 and 1.76 times more than it in 10 μmol/L CdCl2 group. The differences were statistically significant (F= 827.70, P＜ 0. 01). The respective expression of p-p38MAPK in the 20 μmol/L (2. 47 ±0. 20) and 40 μmol/L CdCl2 group (3.73 ±0. 25)was 1.47 and 2. 73 times more than it in control group (1.00 ± 0. 02), and the differences were also statistically significant (F = 280. 86, P ＜0. 01). There was a dose-effect relationship of the concentration of cadmium in the expression of p-ERK1/2(r = 0. 919, t = 4. 69, P = 0. 009) and p-p38MAPK (r = 0. 945, t = 5.79, P = 0. 004). Additionally,phosphorylated MAPK expressed in a time-dependent manner. The expression of p-ERK1/2 was obvious in the group incubated for 1 h (1. 26 ±0. 11) ,and the respective expression in the 4 h group (1.51 ±0. 07)and 8 h group (3.53 ± 0. 23) was 1.5 and 3.5 times of it in the control group (1.00 ± 0. 02). The differences were statistically significant (F = 427. 82, P ＜ 0. 001). The expression of p-p38MAPK increased significantly in 1 h group (1.31 ±0. 07); while the respective expression in 4 h group (3.53 ±0. 32) and 8 h group (4. 41 ±0. 38) was 3.5 and 4. 4 times of it in control group (1.00 ±0. 03). The differences were also statistically significant (F =280. 06,P＜0. 001). Conclusion Cadmium chloride could significantly enhance the phosphorylation of MAPK in NRK cells; and it is probably associated with the activation of MAPK. Key words: Cadmium chloride; Toxic actions; p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinases; JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases; Oxidative phosphorylation
Experience with the Osher Scheme for Applied Aerodynamics

This paper presents some of our experience in using Osher’s approximate Riemenn solver in solving the Navier-Stokes equations for high speed aerodynamic problems. Grid convergence in boundary layers, grid alignment with flow features in multi-dimensional applications and some anomalies in numerical simulations are discussed.
Screening in pediatric practice.

Description, evaluation, and recommendations for the many screening procedures in use in various settings today.
Linguistic Wisdom from the Crowd

Crowdsourcing for linguistic data typically aims to replicate expert annotations using simplified tasks. But an alternative goal — one that is especially relevant for research in the domains of language meaning and use — is to tap into people's rich experience as everyday users of language. Research in these areas has the potential to tell us a great deal about how language works, but designing annotation frameworks for crowdsourcing of this kind poses special challenges. In this paper we define and exemplify two approaches to linguistic data collection corresponding to these differing goals (model-driven and user-driven) and discuss some hybrid cases in which they overlap. We also describe some design principles and resolution techniques helpful for eliciting linguistic wisdom from the crowd.
System identification in the presence of adversarial outputs

We consider the problem of system identification of linear time invariant systems when some of the sensor measurements are changed by a malicious adversary. We treat adversaries as omniscient and impose no restrictions (statistical or otherwise) on how they can alter the measurements of the sensors under attack. Given a bound on the number of attacked sensors, and under a certain observability condition, we show that we can construct models that are useful for certain control purposes, e.g., stabilization. We also provide a precise characterization of the equivalence relation that identifies which models cannot be distinguished in the presence of attacks.
Treat the Patient, Not Just the Cell!

Recently we have used reductionist and integrative approaches as pioneered by the seminal work of Sanguinetti and Keating to link human arrhythmias with gene mutations that alter the biophysical activity of channel proteins. But as we begin to seek new methodologies to treat heart disease, we are faced with a myriad of data that clearly simple cell-based assays or culture models cannot address on their own. Is it time to change course? We all remember when in our ninth grade biology class, we first learned about the cell membrane. It was after all, critically important in that it held in the essential components of a cell allowing it to function. Many of us continue to be fascinated by the proteins (ion channels, transporters, and receptors) that traverse the membrane to synchronize cellular function at baseline and in response to physiological or pathological signaling. Over the past 2 decades, we have refined our approaches from whole animal physiology to highly quantitative biophysical, structural, and molecular technologies. These approaches, combined with refined human clinical phenotyping, have illustrated that gene variants in membrane proteins, particularly ion channels, are the source of potentially fatal forms of arrhythmia. Such an approach was pioneered by the work of Sanguinetti et al1 that linked long-QT syndrome with gene variants that altered the biophysical activity of voltage-gated potassium channels. Today, we have extensive experimental toolboxes to explore the role of ion channels in physiological signaling and disease. These approaches have aided our understanding of noncardiac forms of excitable cell disease. Most importantly, beyond fundamental scientific discovery, findings in our generation have aided in the diagnosis and treatment of disease in patients of all ages and backgrounds. In our current era, not a week goes by where new data link familial and acquired forms of heart failure and …
Contract or Lease

Review of a decision concerning whether agreement was a contract for sale or lease of real property.
Increased expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in osteoarthritis of human knee joint compared to hip joint

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by the destruction of cartilage. The greatest risk factors for the development of OA include age and obesity. Recent studies suggest the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of OA. The two most common locations for OA to occur are in the knee and hip joints. The knee joint experiences more mechanical stress, cartilage degeneration, and inflammation than the hip joint. This could contribute to the increased incidence of OA in the knee joint. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including high-mobility group box-1, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and alarmins (S100A8 and S100A9), are released in the joint in response to stress-mediated chondrocyte and cartilage damage. This facilitates increased cartilage degradation and inflammation in the joint. Studies have documented the role of DAMPs in the pathogenesis of OA; however, the comparison of DAMPs and its influence on OA has not been discussed. In this study, we compared the DAMPs between OA knee and hip joints and found a significant difference in the levels of DAMPs expressed in the knee joint compared to the hip joint. The increased levels of DAMPs suggest a difference in the underlying pathogenesis of OA in the knee and the hip and highlights DAMPs as potential therapeutic targets for OA in the future.
3. Smart Consequentialism: Kantian Moral Theory and the (Qualified) Defense of Capitalism

Moral philosophers have often grappled with defining rights and duties without looking to the overall consequences of certain rules. The leading defender of that position is Immanuel Kant, whose moral theory talks about how to universalize given norms without regard to their consequences. In this essay I claim that the Kantian standards are met at the macro level by the general system of welfare economics that relies on either Paretian or Kaldor-Hicks measures of social welfare that in turn support competitive, rather than monopolistic, institutions. I then argue that the same approach applies to conduct such as killing, lying, and breaking promises, which are all better understood in the same general framework used to establish and defend the characteristic features of both legal and moral obligations. Finally, this theory explains why obligations of beneficence are rightly regarded as imperfect.
Differential aversive learning enhances orientation discrimination

A number of recent studies have documented rapid changes in behavioural sensory acuity induced by aversive learning in the olfactory and auditory modalities. The effect of aversive learning on the discrimination of low-level features in the visual system of humans remains unclear. Here, we used a psychophysical staircase procedure to estimate discrimination thresholds for oriented grating stimuli, before and after differential aversive learning. We discovered that when a target grating orientation was conditioned with an aversive loud noise, it subsequently led to an improvement of discrimination acuity in nearly all subjects. However, no such change was observed in a control group conditioned to an orientation shifted by ±90° from the target. Our findings cannot be explained by contextual learning or sensitisation factors. The results converge with those reported in the olfactory modality and provide further evidence that early sensory systems can be rapidly modified by recently experienced reinforcement histories.
Dynamic Resource Management Across Cloud-Edge Resources for Performance-Sensitive Applications

A large number of modern applications and systems are cloud-hosted, however, limitations in performance assurances from the cloud, and the longer and often unpredictable end-to-end network latencies between the end user and the cloud can be detrimental to the response time requirements of the applications, specifically those that have stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Although edge resources, such as cloudlets, may alleviate some of the latency concerns, there is a general lack of mechanisms that can dynamically manage resources across the cloud-edge spectrum. To address these gaps, this research proposes Dynamic Data Driven Cloud and Edge Systems (D3CES). It uses measurement data collected from adaptively instrumenting the cloud and edge resources to learn and enhance models of the distributed resource pool. In turn, the framework uses the learned models in a feedback loop to make effective resource management decisions to host applications and deliver their QoS properties. D3CES is being evaluated in the context of a variety of cyber physical systems, such as smart city, online games, and augmented reality applications.
Clinical Features, Assessment, and Management of Patients with Developmental and Other Cerebellar Disorders

The cerebellum is essential for processing, modulating, and controlling movement, behavior, and cognitive functions. Cerebellar disorders cause tremor and incoordination, larger variability, and inaccuracy of movements during eye and limb movements, stance, and speech. Cerebellar dysfunction also results in impaired cognition and behavior. During the clinical assessment, details of the presenting complaints including onset and time course of ataxia, other symptoms, past medical history including developmental milestones, family history, and drug history are elicited. On examination emphasis is placed on examining the motor system especially speech and eye and limb movements. Other aspects include general examination, head size, dysmorphic features, neurocutaneous stigmata, and cognitive function assessment. A thorough exam of the cranial nerves, tone, strength, coordination, reflexes, gait, and sensation should be undertaken. A comprehensive assessment helps to narrow down the diagnostic possibilities and offers clues to specific disorders of the cerebellum. Management is guided by disease etiology.
Fourier Representation of Signals

The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it presents a review of the Fourier methods of representing signals. Second, it provides the foundation for a systematic transition from the Fourier representation of analog signals to that of digital signals.
Nodal involvement and survival in synovial, clear cell, angio, rhabdo, and epithelioid sarcoma.

11567Background: Synovial, Clear cell, Angiosarcoma, adult Rhabdomyosarcoma and Epithelioid sarcoma is often referred to by the mnemonic SCARE as soft tissue sarcoma subtypes with higher risk of ly...
Interventions to combat HIV/AIDS in conflict-affected youth in Côte d’Ivoire

ABSTRACTYouth, are the most affected by the recent political violence in Cote d’Ivoire, spanning 20 years from the late twentieth century to the early twenty-first Century when these youth were involved in the cycle of violence as victims and enablers of the conflict. Conflict subdued after 2011, but many young people remain in the mobile, gang-like groups that emanated after the conflict. Little research has focused on methods to reintegrate young people through health-care provision, specifically HIV/AIDS preventive care. Data collection on these young people remains difficult due to the surreptitious nature of their activities and living conditions. We carry out a literature review to examine the effect of the recent violent period on the youth and the HIV/AIDS rate in the country. Finally, we provide insight into possible interventions for providing HIV/AIDS programming to conflict-affected youth.
Engaging Older Adults With Parkinson’s Disease in Physical Activity Using Technology: A Feasibility Study:

Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, presents unique and daily challenges. Living with PD may limit one's physical activity and negatively affect quality of life (QOL). No studies were identified that utilized online technology to promote health in this population. The purposes of this study were to (a) assess the feasibility of an intervention that requires wearing a physical activity tracker and participating in an online support group, and (b) examine the effect of this intervention on the self-efficacy for physical activity and QOL of older adults with PD. A 12-week longitudinal pretest/posttest design was used to assess physical activity, engagement in an online support group, self-efficacy, and QOL. A postintervention questionnaire was used to capture the participants' (n = 5) experience using the physical activity tracker and an electronic tablet to engage in an online support group. The sample size of this feasibility study precluded robust quantitative analysis of QOL or self-efficacy. Findings from the open-ended questionnaire suggest technology was challenging for most participants, yet it did provide social support. Teaching effective interventions to promote self-management for increasing physical activity, and consequently improving QOL, is recommended. While technology can assist, older persons with PD may experience technological challenges.
Connecting the Dots: Data from a Personal Perspective

This personal narrative illustrates the different ways faculty may come to technology, some with explicit instruction earlier in their careers and some like myself who came to it much later. When I arrived at Hostos I have been teaching online for a few years, first at Seattle Central College and then at a community college in Massachusetts as an adjunct faculty member. Hostos has provided me with many opportunities to strengthen my online teaching skills. Here I have developed both asynchronous and hybrid psychology courses and continue to teach in all modalities (face-to-face, asynchronous, and hybrid). My involvement with the Hostos Online Learning Assessment (HOLA) task force since its beginning has been very rewarding, as this group is focused and collegial. Our research is helping inform the college community and City University of New York (CUNY) about our student perceptions of their online learning experience. Perhaps it was serendipitous that I arrived at Hostos when I did.