cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-racialism and Searches Incident to Arrest

For 28 years the Court held that an officer’s search incident to arrest powers automatically extended to the entire passenger compartment of a vehicle. In 2009, however, the Arizona v. Gant decision held that officers do not get to search a vehicle incident to arrest unless they satisfy (1) the Chimel v. California Court’s requirement that the suspect has access to weapons or evanescent evidence therein or (2) the United States v. Rabinowitz Court’s requirement that the officer reasonably believe evidence of the crime of arrest will be found therein. While many scholars read Gant as a triumph for civil liberties, I see it as a failure to fully address racial profiling. Racial profiling lives on in the post-Gant era because the Court failed to prohibit pretextual searches. Cops may leave suspects near a car in order to satisfy Gant’s first prong. More importantly, they will often be able to characterize the crime of arrest as suggesting there could be evidence in the car. For instance, if a distracted driver turns without signaling, what is to stop an officer from claiming she suspected the crime of Driving Under the Influence and was searching for beer cans? Nothing in the Gant decision.The Gant Court fails to address pretext because it takes a post-racial approach to racial profiling. That is, it acts as if race never matters by trying to address a problem of racism through a broader category of analysis. In Gant, that means ignoring former Justice Sandra Day O’Connor’s warning in her Atwater v. City of Lago Vista dissent that the search incident to arrest rule is used for racial profiling. The Gant Court thus remedies only the general problem of officers searching for weapons after they have eliminated any safety concerns, but not the specific problem of racial profiling through searches incident to arrest.Prior to Gant, scholar Donald Dripps identified an “Iron Triangle” of cases that made search incident to arrest doctrine inimical to civil liberties; I extend that metaphor and argue the problem of racial profiling stems from a “Mindless Square” of cases. Dripps points to the combination of New York v. Belton’s presumption that a car may be searched, Whren v. United States’s bar on considering officer motivations, and Atwater’s approval of arrests for de minimis crimes. I point out that these cases draw on the earlier United States v. Robinson case’s refusal to consider whether the officer actually had the state of mind that Chimel says justifies the search incident to arrest rule. Together, Robinson, Belton, Whren, and Atwater remove the officer’s mind from analysis of search incident to arrest doctrine.In order to address post-Gant racial profiling, we must address the mindlessness of present doctrine. That means reinvigorating Chimel by excising the Rabinowitz prong from Gant. It also means explicitly asking whether it is overall reasonable to allow a search incident to arrest when considering whether it was a pretext for racial profiling.
On Time Delay Margin Estimation for Adaptive Control and Robust Modification Adaptive Laws

This paper presents methods for estimating time delay margin for adaptive control of input delay systems with almost linear structured uncertainty and a step input reference command signal. The bounded linear stability analysis method seeks to represent an adaptive law by a locally bounded linear approximation within a time window. The time delay margin of this input delay system represents a local stability measure and is computed analytically by three methods: Pade approximation, Lyapunov-Krasovskii method with sum-ofsquares optimization, and matrix measure method. These methods are applied to the standard model-reference adaptive control, s -modification adaptive law, and optimal control modification adaptive law. The windowing analysis results in non-unique estimates of the time delay margin since it is dependent on the length of a time window and parameters which vary from one time window to the next. The optimal control modification adaptive law overcomes this limitation in that, as the adaptive gain tends to infinity and if the matched uncertainty is linear, then the closed-loop input delay system tends to a linear time-invariant system. A lower bound of the time delay margin of this system can then be estimated uniquely without the need for the windowing analysis. Simulation results demonstrates the feasibility of the bounded linear stability method for time delay margin estimation.
Experimental research on gas chromatographic determination for octane desorbed by sovent in the workplace air

Objective To study the use of gas chromatographic (GC) analytical method for octane in the workplace air using charcoal tube for sampling. Charcoal was used to adsorp octanein air, sample was desorpted by solvent and analyied by GC(FID). The coefficient of variation for the whole analytical method was in the range of 175～700mg/m3 was 1.8%.Regression formula was y=139+4.97X, r=0.9994.Determination limit was 0.13μg(injection for 1.0μl ).Desorption efficiency was 98.2%,breakthrough volume(BTV) was 13.7mg.After taking 991μg of octane in the charcoal tube and two weeks storage, its recovery efficiency was 96.6%. The upper detection limit of the method was dependent on the desorptive capacity of the charcoal tube.This capacity varies with the concentration of octane and other substances in the air. [Conclusion] This method can be used to determine the concentration of octane in workplace air by simply changing gas chromatographic conditions from isothermal to a temperature programmed mode of operation. It can determine simultaneously two or more substances of the workplace air.
Advances study on Aegy Wormwood Leaf

Folim artemsiat argyi with cold-dispelling pain,temperature through the hemostatic function,is widely used in clinical practice.This paper do a simple overview which is about ancient and modern the process methords of refining herbal medicine.
FCR holds up to the test of time: CLL8 follow-up.

In this issue of Blood, Fischer et al present long-term follow up of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)8 study, which established fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) as the gold standard for initial therapy of fit patients with CLL.1
PTP-ε, a tyrosine phosphatase expressed in endothelium, negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation

The vascular endothelium is a dynamic interface between the blood vessel and circulating factors and, as such, plays a critical role in vascular events like inflammation, angiogenesis, and hemostasis. Whereas specific protein tyrosine kinases have been identified in these processes, less is known about their protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) counterparts. We utilized a RT-PCR/differential hybridization assay to identify PTP-e as a highly abundant endothelial cell PTP. PTP-e mRNA expression is growth factor responsive, suggesting a role for this enzyme in endothelial cell proliferation. Overexpression of PTP-e decreases proliferation by 60% in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) but not in smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. In contrast, overexpression of PTP-e (D284A), a catalytically inactive mutant, has no significant effect on HUVEC proliferation. These data provide the first functional characterization of PTP-e in endothelial cells and identify a novel pathway that negatively regulates endothelial cell growth. Such a pathway may have important implications in vascular development and angiogenesis.
On the Feasibility of Power Transmission using Microwave Energy in Circular Waveguide

SummaryA cylindrical waveguide operating in the TE01 mode can transmit powers of the order of thousands of megawatts in frequency ranges below lOgc/s with acceptable copper losses over distances of hundreds of miles, provided It can be made with sufficient accuracy to avoid excessive power transfer into other unwanted high-loss modes. The tolerances on the guide straightness appear to be the most severe limitation on the use of this type of guide as a high power system component. These tolerances are evaluated here and found to be of the order of 10 to 100 mils in distances of a few hundred feet for typical values of the other parameters such as 2.0 gc/s in a 1-meter-radius guide providing one db power loss in a distance of 200 miles. It is also shown that low loss bends (about 0.005 db/mile) with bending radii of the order of 1.0 mils are possible if the length of the bend is accurately controlled and the guide has a dielectric lining of the proper thickness.
Other Complications: Late Flap Striae

Flap striae can reduce corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). When recognized and treated immediately, striae generally can be reduced to a level that is clinically insignificant. However, when the striae have been present for months, they are established and difficult to treat. The irregular collagen becomes fixed in position. When striae have been present for a month or more, direct treatment of the elevations of the striae is needed to reduce the optical impact of the striae.
Circadian Oscillators: Around the Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop and on to Output

From cyanobacteria to mammals, organisms have evolved timing mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes in order to optimize survival and improve fitness. To anticipate these regular daily cycles, many organisms manifest ∼24h cell-autonomous oscillations that are sustained by transcription–translation-based or post-transcriptional negative-feedback loops that control a wide range of biological processes. With an eye to identifying emerging common themes among cyanobacterial, fungal, and animal clocks, some major recent developments in the understanding of the mechanisms that regulate these oscillators and their output are discussed. These include roles for antisense transcription, intrinsically disordered proteins, codon bias in clock genes, and a more focused discussion of post-transcriptional and translational regulation as a part of both the oscillator and output.
Optimal Ex-Vivo Expansion (EvE) of Cord Blood (CB) Natural Killer (NK) Cells, NK Cytotoxicity and NK Receptor (NKR) Expression: Potential for CB Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy (ACI).

CD56 + NK subsets exhibit differential receptor profiles including killer-Ig-like receptors (KIR), C-lectin (NKG2) and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) involved with tumor target recognition which may play a role in ACI for malignancies (Farag et al Blood , 2002). NK cell activation and NK mediated cytolysis is induced by several triggering receptors such as NCR (i.e. NKp44, NKp46) and NKG2 surface receptors like NKG2D (Moretta, et al, Curr Opinion in Immunol , 2004; Marcenaro et al, Eur J Immunol , 2003). UCB is limited by the absence of available donor effector cells (NK, CTL, LAK and NKT cells) for infusion after transplantation for the treatment of minimal residual resistant hematological relapse and/or PTLD (Barker et al, Blood, 2001; Locatelli, et al Blood,1999). We demonstrated the ability to EvE CB in short term culture (48 hrs) with IL-2, IL-7, IL-12 and anti-CD3 (ABCY) cryopreserved, thawed, recryopreserved, rethawed and ex vivo expanded (CTCTE) with significant increase in CD3 − /16 + /56 + bright/dim subsets expressing KIR3DL1, KIR2DL1/S1, KIR2DL2 and CD94/NKG2A (Ayello/Cairo et al, BBMT , 25a, 2004). In this study, we compared short-term cultures (48 hrs) with prolonged cultures (4 to 10 days) on expansion, maturation and expression of NCR, NKG2, KIR and cytolytic mechanisms in previously cryopreserved CB that were TCTE. CB was cryopreserved and thawed by the NHLBI/COBLT method. (Kurtzberg/Cairo, Transfuison , 2005). Rethawed nonadherent CB cells were cultured (2–10 days) in serum-free medium alone or with anti-CD3 (50 ng/ml, IL-2 (5 ng/ml), IL-7 (10 ng/ml) and IL-12 (10 ng/ml) (ABCY). NK receptor expression (CD94, NKG2C, NKG2D, NKp44, NKp46, KIR2DS4) and intracellular perforin and granzyme B activity were determined by flow cytometry. NK and LAK cytotoxicity was measured by europium release assay. Significant increases were seen in NK activating KIR2DS4 at day 10 vs 2 in ABCY both in CD3 − /16 + /56 + dim and bright subsets (16.9±0.4 vs 2.1±0.2% and 22.3±0.3 vs 0.9±0.2%, p − /16 + /56 +dim ) KIR3DL1 subset at day 10 vs 2 (38.3±2.8 vs 18.9±6.3 7%, p − /16 + /56 + dim NKp44 subset was significantly decreasedat day 10 vs 2 of EvE with ABCY (15.2±0.7 vs 27.2±0.7%, p − /16 + /56 + dim NKp46 expression following day 10 vs 2 (8.5±0.2 vs 23.5±1.2 %, p +dim and bright ) and granzyme B expression but decreased NK C-lectin CD94/NKG2D, NCR NKp46 and NKp48 and perforin expression.
Second sphere ligand modifications enable a recyclable catalyst for oxidant-free alcohol oxidation to carboxylates

Modification of the classic terpyridine pincer ligand with pendent NHR (R = mesityl) groups provides enhanced activity and stability in Ru-catalyzed dehydrogenation catalysis. These second sphere modifications furnish highly active catalysts for the oxidant-free dehydrogenative oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylates and facilitate catalyst recycling.
The Local Government System in Indonesia and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Overview

Implementation of local self-government, centered on the regency or the level of the city, should emphasize democratic principles, public participation, equality and justice, and pay attention to local and to diversity. Through the implementation of local self-government, local development should be more efficient and effective. Local government is seen to be more familiar with the real situation and problems faced by its people and with appropriate programs and policies. This differs from what happened in the past when the local government was only the executor of the programs prepared by the central government. This paradigm shift has spurred dynamic change for both the government and the public. If central and local governments are supposed to be more democratic and responsive to local needs, citizens must simultaneously be made aware of their rights and responsibilities, be willing to participate actively in the organization of public affairs and have the capacity to have a with government and other public institutions. The local government system in Sri Lanka has long been well established. However, due to operational needs, local governments rely heavily on provincial and central government councils, through cadres, finance and legal provisions to take action against the local government. Despite these facts, one important characteristic remains evident: the democratic nature of elections in local communities. Attempts to strengthen local government administration will depend on the availability of resources to improve planning skills within local authorities, strengthening their organizational structure, steering networks, procedures and resource development Human resources; Level and improve income generation to make local communities more self-sufficient.
Observation of Intense X-ray Scintillation in a Family of Mixed Anion Silicates, Cs3RESi4O10F2 (RE = Y, Eu–Lu), Obtained via an Enhanced Flux Crystal Growth Technique

A new family of mixed anion cesium rare earth silicates exhibiting intense scintillation in several ranges of the visible spectrum are reported. Cs3RESi4O10F2 (RE = Y, Eu-Lu) have been synthesized using an enhanced flux growth method for the targeted growth of mixed anion systems. This is the first example of this method being used for the growth of oxyhalides. The compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 with the lattice parameters a = 7.0832(2) A, b = 7.1346(2) A, c = 16.2121(5) A, α = 95.8090(10)°, β = 90.0580(10)°, γ = 119.7650(10)° for the Tb analogue. The structure consists of REO6 and REO2F4 polyhedra connected by Si4O10 sheets with a previously unobserved silicate sheet topology that contains the uncommon cyclic Si3O9 trimers. The synthesis, structure, magnetic and optical properties are reported including, notably, intense X-ray scintillation in Cs3TbSi4O10F2.
‘Where Are the Gods of Hamath?’ (2 Kings 18.34 // Isaiah 36.19): The Use of Foreign Deities in the Rabshakeh's Speech*:

This article uses a range of critical approaches in order to provide new insights into the Rabshakeh's speech and its biblical context. On one level, it suggests a cluster of meanings relating to 2 Kgs 18.34 and the use of foreign gods. These include a possible reference to the Assyrian practice of plundering foreign divine statues, as well as the identification of a Deuteronomistic trope, ‘Where are the gods?’ On another level, this article demonstrates that the Rabshakeh's speech is an integral part of 2 Kings: it builds directly on the narrative of 2 Kings 17, thus contrasting the fall of Samaria with the deliverance of Jerusalem. Finally, this study reevaluates the tone of the speech: rather than being seen as an example of ‘masterful rhetoric’, it should be more properly viewed as superficial bluster, taking part in the larger Deuteronomistic (and prophetic) ridicule of false gods and divine statues.
Informal Logic: A Handbook for Critical Argumentation. By Douglas N. Walton.

(1990). Informal Logic: A Handbook for Critical Argumentation. By Douglas N. Walton. Argumentation and Advocacy: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 38-40.
African American pre-service physical education teachers’ learning about aquatic courses:

The purpose of this study was to describe how African American pre-service physical education teachers engage themselves in learning aquatic content. This study used a case study design in andragog...
Subjective and Objective Comparison of Baked Potato Aroma as Influenced by Variety/Clone

SUMMARY Five named potato varieties and eight promising experimental clones were grown at the same location and their baked aromas compared using a sensory panel as well as the levels of specific pyrazines present. Varieties/clones that scored well with the panel had the highest pyrazine concentrations (25-35 ppm), while varieties/clones that scored the lowest had significantly lower pyrazine concentrations (11-12 ppm).
Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act: A Survey of the Legal Literature and Reform Proposals

The goal of this study is to identify the trends in the legal literature and reform proposals surrounding Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. This study sets forth a survey and analysis of the legal and policy landscape and seeks to be a comprehensive, objective resource designed to assist scholars and policy-makers in their search for materials addressing the purpose and substance of the statutory provision. The study does not take any position on the wisdom, implementation or evolution of Section 230 nor does it take any position on the merits of the materials presented. The study’s purpose is to report on the body of information and the observable trends addressing Section 230. As such, the study sets out the history of the passage of Section 230 and then reports on the major cases, legal scholarship and legislative reform proposals addressing Section 230. The study reports on how the statute has been interpreted by the courts and discusses the major trends in the academic literature defending and critiquing Section 230. The study also reports on legislative reform and policy debates that have arisen since the passage of the CDA.
Primary User Emulation Attack Game in Cognitive Radio Networks: Queuing Aware Dogfight in Spectrum

Primary user emulation attack, which targets distabilizing the queuing dynamics of cognitive radio networks, is studied using game theoretic argument. The attack and defense are modeled as a stochastic game. The Nash equilibrium of the game is studied. In particular, the Lyapunov drift is considered as the reward in each round. Explicit expressions of the Nash equilibrium strategies are obtained.
Forensic and Private Practice Issues

The toxic tort is a recent legal phenomenon. Borel v. Fibreboard, 1973 established liability for an insulation worker who was employed for 33 years installing asbestos-containing insulation. The worker developed asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma as a result of exposure. A jury agreed that the asbestos manufacturers were negligent and strictly liable for failing to warn workers of risks in handling asbestos. On appeal the Fifth Circuit ruled that the manufacturer of a product is assumed to possess expert knowledge about that product and is therefore responsible for a duty to warn of relevant dangers. The case has obvious relevance for individuals exposed to neurotoxic materials in the workplace where working conditions are unsafe, materials hazardous, or where obvious nervous system injury has occurred.
TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint): Denervation

The anatomy of the innervation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is described. Nerve block of the auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves to the TMJ is described. The technical approaches to denervation of the TMJ are described and illustrated. The results of TMJ denervation are presented.
The preparation of linguistically responsive teachers through dialogic online discussion prompts

Abstract This study examines how online discussions were used in one language teacher education program. The linguistically responsive teaching (LRT; Lucas & Villegas, 2013) and dialogic affordances of 50 discussion prompts, as well as discursive qualities of engagement in six discussions, were analyzed using content and discourse analyses. Findings indicate that prompts offered opportunities for dialogic engagement with LRT content. Prompts shaped the dialogic engagement of teacher candidates in discussion threads, showing that candidates engaged more critically with dominant sociocultural discourses than with immediate interlocutor contexts. Analyses provide language teacher educators guidance on using online discussions to foster critical engagement.
PRRT1 regulates basal and plasticity-induced AMPA receptor trafficking.

Abstract AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR) are one of the principal mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. These receptors associate with multiple integral membrane proteins which influence their trafficking and channel properties. Proline-rich transmembrane protein 1 (PRRT1) is a membrane protein and an understudied component of native AMPAR complexes. In order to understand the regulation of AMPARs by PRRT1, we have performed electrophysiological and biochemical investigations on acute hippocampal slices derived from PRRT1 knockout mice. Our results show that PRRT1 controls the levels of AMPARs at the cell surface, though it is dispensable for synaptic transmission. PRRT1 has differential effects on the stability of AMPAR GluA1 subunit phosphorylated at S845 and at S831, two residues at which the phosphorylation status has major influences on receptor trafficking. Furthermore, PRRT1 is required for NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and proper NMDA-induced AMPAR trafficking. These findings position PRRT1 as an important regulator of AMPAR stabilization and trafficking in different subcellular pools under basal conditions and during synaptic plasticity.
Extending the susy model to core-collapse supernovae

A notable feature of the two standard models for thermonuclear and core-collapse supernovae is that, although these two models are fundamentally different, the respective supernova types have quite similar rates and appearances. For instance, both types occur one to several times per century per typical galaxy and both types seed the universe with the heavy elements essential to life. In spite of this, neither standard model provides a reasonably problem-free description of its target phenomenon. A major obstacle to providing a unified picture of supernovae would seem to be the fact that type Ia supernovae occur typically with gigayear delay times after the cessation of carbon fusion while the core-collapse explosions occur only days after such fusion cessation. In this article we study the possibility of extending the successful supersymmetric model for type Ia supernovae to core-collapse events. The question is whether and under what assumptions a phase transition to an exact supersymmetric background can efficiently explain both type Ia and core collapse supernovae.
Engaging hispanic/latino(a) youth in computer science: an outreach project experience report

Learning Computer Science through the Lens of Culture and Society is an outreach project that seeks to increase the participation of Hispanic/Latino(a) high school students in computer science. This project provided a one-week summer workshop that introduced high school students to computer science through hands-on activities involving computational thinking, Alice 3D animation, Android app development, and soft skills. Various activities of the workshop shared the theme of culture and society. This paper describes the motivations behind our project, the design of our workshop, and our evaluation results.
Numerical ellipsometry: Methods for selecting measurements and techniques for advanced analysis applied to β-gallium oxide

Ellipsometry is an optical technique through which properties of materials may be determined from measurements of light reflecting from or transmitting through a sample. Usually, the measurements require data processing, and a key issue is determining which measurements to make. Previously, two of the authors (Urban and Barton) have addressed this for orthorhombic, anisotropic films on substrates. Here, the authors treat the case of reflection from a single anisotropic, monoclinic β-Ga2O3 crystal, which is nondepolarizing as determined by Mueller matrix measurements and has a smooth, flat surface. Prior work on Ga2O3 by one author (Schubert et al.) used a very large dataset requiring more than 45 days of instrument time to collect. In the previous work, the sample optical response, ɛ, was determined over a restricted wavenumber range using just over 5 days of measurements. The work here shows how more accurate results can be obtained with approximately 5% of the data or just less than seven hours of instrument time assuming scaling. The data reduction mainly affects measurement time and has little effect on compute time in these days of fast computers. The reduction in measurements has been accomplished by excluding measurements that are less useful due to large instrument-reported estimated experimental errors (σ), noise (low intensity), and mathematical insensitivity to the desired solutions. Examples using two β-Ga2O3 crystals, (010) and (−201), are presented. Solutions are found using each crystal independently. From 20 to 40 numerical solutions to the model equations are found at each wavenumber using the reduced dataset as these allow an analysis of measurement accuracy. Further data reductions are expected in future works.
Detection of cervical dysplasia from depth-resolved light scattering profiles using deep learning

We present a machine learning method for the detection and staging of cervical dysplasia tissue using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based architecture. Depth-resolved angular scattering measurements collected from two clinical trials consisting of 6660 and 1600 depth scans were used as training and validation sets separately. Our results demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for classifying cervical dysplasia at a hundredfold faster processing time compared with the traditional Mie-theory inverse light scattering analysis (ILSA) method, offering a promising approach for a/LCI in the clinic for assessing cervical dysplasia.
Fostering Diversity of Membership and Leadership in Psychology Teaching and Learning Organizations

Many organizations dedicated to learning and teaching in the field of psychology struggle with diversifying and widening international representation. The drive for diversification of membership an...
Photoflash and laser ignition of full density nano-aluminum PVDF films

Abstract Laser or flash excitation is an attractive ignition option for many energetic systems because of increased safety and control. Commonly used electrical ignition systems are more likely to cause accidental ignition due to stray currents. Upgrading to laser or flash ignition mitigates this problem as well as allowing the ignition at multiple sites more easily for improved control of the energy release. Carbon nanotubes and nanoscale aluminum have been shown to be flash ignitable in loose powders or very porous low-density materials; however, these previous low-density formulations may not be as useful in practical energetic systems. In this study, nano aluminum particles are combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride binder/oxidizer in order to create a full-density photosensitive material. Using a low energy broadband flash source and an Nd:YAG laser at 1064 and 532 nm, films of nano aluminum and polyvinylidene fluoride were successfully ignited experimentally and ignition response was quantified. Solids loading was found to be the dominating factor controlling minimum ignition energies, with the lowest energies observed at 20 to 25 wt.% nAl. Simulations of the wave and particle interactions were modeled with COMSOL Multiphysics® for both the flash and laser-induced heating. The results show that optimal energy absorption occurs at nAl particle fractions of 20–25 wt.%, consistent with the experimental observation. Additionally, the results show the effect of plasmonic resonant enhancement of the heating, specifically at lower wavelengths near 250 nm.
The association between early reports to Child Protective Services and developmental trajectories through middle childhood.

Abstract Background Longitudinal studies on resilience among children who have experienced maltreatment indicate that resilience is multi-dimensional. However, most research consolidates diverse developmental domains comprising resilience into a single score, which does not allow for detection of potentially heterogeneous associations between risk factors and outcomes of resilience processes. Objective This study seeks to improve our understanding of the association between early child maltreatment and development through middle childhood (6–12 years) using individual domains considered to be outcomes of resilience processes. Participants and setting Participants are 499 children from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Methods We used latent growth curve models to explore patterns of socialization and daily living skills, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors – outcomes of resilience processes – across three time points in middle childhood, and their association with early maltreatment, defined as referral to Child Protective Services (CPS) before age 6. Results In fully adjusted models, children experiencing early maltreatment had poorer baseline scores in activities of daily living (−4.22, 95% CI [−7.38, −1.46]) and externalizing behavior (2.95, 95% CI [1.05, 4.86]), but maltreatment was not associated with change over time in these domains. However, maltreatment was associated with increases in internalizing behavior over time (0.42, 95% CI [0.06, 0.77]). Conclusion Heterogeneity in patterns of association between maltreatment and outcomes of resilience processes support the utility of examining developmental domains individually, versus as a composite, to identify specific targets for intervention.
LOVE AND HISTORY

In this essay, I argue that a proper understanding of the historicity of love requires an appreciation of the irreplaceability of the beloved. I do this through a consideration of ideas that were first put forward by Robert Kraut in "Love De Re" (1986). I also evaluate Amelic Rorty's criticisms of Kraut's thesis in "The Historicity of Psychological Attitudes: Love is Not Love Which Alters Not When It Alteration Finds" (1986). I argue that Rorty fundamentally misunderstands Kraut's Kripkcan analogy, and I go on to criticize her claim that concern over the proper object of love should be best understood as a concern over constancy. This leads me to an elaboration of the distinct senses in which love can be seen as historical. I end with a further defense of the irreplaceability of the beloved and a discussion of the relevance of recent debates over the importance of personal identity for an adequate account of the historical dimension of love.
Bro1 contributes to cargo selection during Multivesicular Body (MVB) sorting (LB283)

A key step in the lysosomal degradation of membrane proteins is sorting into the Multivesicular Body (MVB), a process wherein a region of the endosomal membrane buds into the lumen of the endosome to form an intraluminal vesicle (ILV). This sorting process is mediated by Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT-0, I, II and III). Ubiquitination of MVB cargo and recognition of Ub-cargo by ESCRT-0, I and II permit entry into the MVB pathway; however, Ub is typically removed from the MVB cargo prior to cargo inclusion into the ILV. The coordination of deubiquination of MVB cargo with ESCRT-III disassembly and ILV formation are not clear. Bro1 appears to play a critical role in coordinating cargo de-ubiquitination and ILV formation through interactions with ESCRT machinery, the Ub peptidase, Doa4, ubiquitin-modified cargo, and regulation of the ESCRT-III-associated AAA ATPase Vps4. These data suggest that members of the Bro1 family may be similarly impacting ESCRT-dependent processes in a num...
Effects of tocainide on ventricular fibrillation threshold: Comparison with lidocaine

Abstract Right ventricular epicardial ventricular fibrillation threshold was determined during paced supraventricular rhythm using 100 hertz trains of stimuli at 15 minute intervals in dogs before, during and after a 90 minute infusion of tocainide, an orally effective antiarrhythmic drug. With each ventricular fibrillation threshold determination, simultaneous blood samples were obtained for determination of drug concentration. Concentration-response curves for dogs receiving tocainide showed that in general there is no measurable increase in ventricular fibrillation threshold at concentrations of less than 6 to 10 μg/ml. At 10 μg/ml the mean ventricular fibrillation threshold increased 28 percent (range 14 to 67 percent), at 15 μg/ml 53 percent (range 28 to 111 percent) and at 20 μg/ml 71 percent (range 37 to 143 percent). There was a wide range of interanimal sensitivity to tocainide, but for each animal there was a significant relation between increase in ventricular fibrillation threshold and log plasma concentration. Similar observations for lidocaine revealed that in general there was no measurable effect below 1.3 to 4 μg/ml, a 77 percent mean increase (range 2 to 146 percent) at 4 μg/ml, a 136 percent mean increase (range 55 to 235 percent) at 6 μg/ml and a 177 percent mean increase (range 76 to 299 percent) at 8 μg/ml. Tocainide also increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold during induced premature ventricular beats. In this model, tocainide significantly increased ventricular fibrillation threshold; however, this increase was less than that observed at clinically tolerated lidocaine plasma concentrations.
Consent for Change: Article V and The Constitutional Amendment Process

The political economy of U.S. constitutional amendmentswithin the guidelines of Article V is shown to tend toward minoritarianism.Specifically, two shifts reduce the consent necessary to passamendments, each potentially raising the social costs of changingthe Constitution by amendment. A typology of amending “climates”is offered, followed by a discussion of the normative implicationsfor constitutional stability of minoritarian rule in amendmentpolitics.
Nutritional Considerations for Performance in Young Athletes

Nutrition is an integral component to any athletes training and performance program. In adults the balance between energy intake and energy demands is crucial in training, recovery, and performance. In young athletes the demands for training and performance remain but should be a secondary focus behind the demands associated with maintaining the proper growth and maturation. Research interventions imposing significant physiological loads and diet manipulation are limited in youth due to the ethical considerations related to potential negative impacts on the growth and maturation processes associated with younger individuals. This necessary limitation results in practitioners providing nutritional guidance to young athletes to rely on exercise nutrition recommendations intended for adults. While many of the recommendations can appropriately be repurposed for the younger athlete attention needs to be taken towards the differences in metabolic needs and physiological differences.
Leadership in Early Childhood Education Contexts: Looks, Roles, and Functions

Situated in the field of early childhood education (ECE), this paper uses literature on educational leadership to answer four questions about leadership in ECE contexts. Firstly, what is leadership and how important is it for the success of an organisation? Secondly, what does it look like in ECE? Thirdly, what does leadership in ECE involve? And fourthly, how does efficient and effective leadership function in an ECE context? It is important to answer these questions because there is an understanding that leadership in ECE contexts is unlike leadership in other educational institutions. It requires special administrative and managerial skills to plan, organise, lead, control and direct the operations in the ECE context, as well as leadership skills to provide an organisational vision, direction and aculturation. An understanding of what leadership in ECE contexts looks like, its roles and functions can inform ECE leaders in ways that help them to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their educational institution.
The Conditions Ripe for Racial Spillover Effects

A growing body of research shows that Barack Obama's rise to prominence has further polarized mass politics by racial attitudes and race—a phenomenon we have described elsewhere as the spillover of racialization. There is still much that remains unknown about source-cue spillover effects in general and the spillover of racialization in particular. This study helps fill that void by drawing on prior research in political psychology and several new empirical examples to address lingering questions that have not been adequately answered. Those new empirical analyses suggest that issues that are already strongly influenced by racial attitudes, issues that the public has strong opinions about, and issues where Obama cross-pressures Americans with racially conservative positions are all less likely to racialize in response to the president's visible positions. I also show that low-information Americans and Democrats are most susceptible to racial spillover effects. Finally, the extant evidence suggests that the source-cue spillover effects can have lasting impacts on public opinion and that the races, religions, and genders of other prominent elite sources can also activate group-based considerations in mass opinion formation.
Geo-material microfluidics at reservoir conditions for subsurface energy resource applications

Microfluidic investigations of flow and transport in porous and fractured media have the potential to play a significant role in the development of future subsurface energy resource technologies. However, the majority of experimental systems to date are limited in applicability due to operating conditions and/or the use of engineered material micromodels. We have developed a high pressure and temperature microfluidic experimental system that allows for direct observations of flow and transport within geo-material micromodels (e.g. rock, cement) at reservoir conditions. In this manuscript, we describe the experimental system, including our novel micromodel fabrication method that works in both geo- and engineered materials and utilizes 3-D tomography images of real fractures as micromodel templates to better represent the pore space and fracture geometries expected in subsurface formations. We present experimental results that highlight the advantages of using real-rock micromodels and discuss potential areas of research that could benefit from geo-material microfluidic investigations. The experiments include fracture–matrix interaction in which water imbibes into the shale rock matrix from etched fractures, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) displacing brine in idealized and realistic fracture patterns, and three-phase flow involving scCO2–brine–oil.
Salient Predictors of School Dropout among Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to identify the unique contributions of a comprehensive set of predictors and the most salient predictors of school dropout among a nationally representative sample of students with learning disabilities (LD). A comprehensive set of theoretically and empirically relevant factors was selected for examination. Analyses were conducted to explore the unique contribution and relative importance of these factors in predicting dropout. Results indicated that the most salient predictors of school dropout included a set of malleable individual (grades, and engagement in high-risk behaviors), family (parent expectations), and school (quality of students’ relationship with teachers and peers) factors. The findings validate multicomponent dropout prevention and intervention models for this population while at the same time illuminating specific key components that appear to be of particular importance in school dropout among students with LD.
Analytical evaluation of i-STAT portable clinical analyzer and use by nonlaboratory health-care professionals

We evaluated the performance of the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer, a hand-held instrument that, with its current cartridge, analyzes for electrolytes, urea nitrogen, glucose, and hematocrit in approximately 60 microL of whole blood in approximately 90 s. Accuracy, imprecision, and linearity studies were performed with aqueous controls and standards and by split-sample analysis. Intrarun imprecision (CV) ranged from 0.34% to 3.97%. Total imprecision over a 2-month period ranged from 0.42% to 4.83%, with urea nitrogen and glucose analyses generating the higher values. Patients' results from the Portable Clinical Analyzer correlated well with those obtained for whole blood or plasma by the Nova Stat Profile 5, the Beckman Synchron CX3, or the Technicon H1 Hematology Analyzer, with Sylx values < 0.2 mmol/L for potassium; < 1.5 mmol/L for sodium, glucose, and urea nitrogen; < 2.4 mmol/L for chloride, and < 2.4% for hematocrit. We also ascertained imprecision and accuracy of the system placed in a cardiothoracic intensive-care unit and operated by nurses. There were no significant differences in either the imprecision or accuracy of the system in this setting. We conclude that operator technique is not a factor in the analytical performance of the system and that it can be used by nonlaboratorians with a high degree of confidence that reliable results will be obtained.
Status of nuclear division in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during in vitro development

The number of nuclei in spores and along hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiGigaspora margarita was measured in digital images of fluorescence arising from mithramycin stained cultures. Typical dormant spores (250 μm diameter) contained 2000 nuclei. Eight hundred nuclei were mobilized during the first 3 days of germination. The number of nuclei in the spores nearly returned to the initial number after 22 days of hyphal growth. The average relative DNA content in the nuclei of dormant spores and in the nuclei of spores incubated for 22 days was comparable, as judged from fluorescence intensity. Hyphal elongation occurred with 460 nuclei per cm under a special set of in vitro conditions that promote extensive hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We found an average total of 26000 hyphal nuclei per germinating spore after 22 days. The specific DNA polymerase α inhibitor aphidicolin did not inhibit spore germination but it rapidly reduced the rate of hyphal growth and arrested growth after 4 days. No nuclei were produced de novo during this time. These results demonstrate thatG. margarita replicates nuclear DNA and undergoes nuclear division when grown in vitro even in the absence of a plant host.
The technique of cruciate ligament reconstruction

Our technique of reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament in both acute and chronic tears, using both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons, is described in detail. Combined rotatory instabilities were carefully evaluated and corrected during the same operation. Reefing of the posteromedial capsular ligament was done for anteromedial rotatory instability, and for significant valgus instability, the O'Donoghue medial reconstruction was performed. The Ellison procedure was initially done for associated anterolateral rotatory instability, but has been replaced by the Losee procedure. This combination of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the appropriate extraarticular procedures has produced our most stable knee joints. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was also performed through an anterior incision using both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. When both cruciates were found to be incompetent, the gracilis was used to reconstruct the posterior cruciate and the semitendinosus for the anterior cruciate. In addition, all associated rotatory instabilities were corrected at the same operation. This technique has been performed on 372 patients (342 anterior and 30 posterior cruciate ligament tears) by one surgeon over a period of five years. The average follow-up was 22 months. Objective comparison of the reconstructed knee with the sound knee showed 84% good results.
Recognizing and caring for spiritual needs of clients.

Purpose:With increased attention in health care being given to the spiritual dimension of clients, nurses must be able to recognize clients’ spiritual concerns and intervene appropriately. This art...
Cognitive outcome in pediatric brain tumor survivors: delayed attention deficit at long-term follow-up.

Background Treatment of childhood brain tumors has often been associated with long-term cognitive morbidity in children. Our previous research identified age at diagnosis, polytherapy and brain radiation dose as treatment factors affecting neuropsychological outcome most strongly in children with cancer 1. Our current goal was to measure the change across different cognitive functions. Procedure This study examined the cognitive outcome over repeat testing in a heterogeneous sample of 18 children with brain tumors. Tumor types included medulloblastoma and glioma. ANOVA's for repeated measures were used to evaluate the changes in cognitive domains across follow-up evaluations. Results Consistent with previous findings, the most deleterious effects were seen on IQ indices of non verbal cognitive ability, visual perceptual skills and information processing speed. Analyses reveal that the attentional factor, Freedom from Distractibility, is the only IQ index that declines over subsequent testing. The statistical decline was attributable to a significant decline on the arithmetic subtest, as well as a non-significant trend for the auditory attention span subtest. Conclusions This study reveals that while most indices remained stable over repeat testing, auditory attention and concentration skills decline. Long-term outcome is discussed in light of the high prevalence of attention and mathematic difficulties reported in these children and the need for preventive and remedial approaches. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:337–340. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.