cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium forms of small voids in metals

Abstract The detailed atomic structure of voids of up to 1000 vacancies has been investigated to determine minimum energy morphologies and to test the validity of extrapolating a spherical geometry to microscopic dimensions. The capillarity model was found to overestimate the number of surface atoms but to give reasonable values of surface energy for small voids, which agrees with the work of Lee, Abraham, and Pound on microcrystallites. Entropies and free energies were obtained by the generalized Einstein approach of Abraham and Dave.
Effect of hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle on the magnetic susceptibility of CeNi4Al

Abstract The effect of hydrogen on the magnetic susceptibility of CeNi 4 Al has been investigated. It is observed that following a hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle, without exposing the sample to air, the magnetic susceptibility of CeNi 4 AlH 0 (I) increases over that of CeNi 4 Al. If, after hydrogenation, the sample is kept in the air and then hydrogen removed, the increase in susceptibility of CeNi 4 AlH 0 (II) is even larger. Magnetic precipitation of Ni due to the presence of O 2 and H 2 O is thought to be responsible for this behavior. An increase in susceptibility of CeNi 4 AlH 3.7 over that of CeNi 4 Al is also observed and attributed partly to the tendency of valence change of cerium from 4+ toward 3+.
Local Damage Detection with the Global Fitting Method Using Operating Deflection Shape Data

The present study extends the previous vibration based damage detection method (Yoon et al. in J. Nondestruct. Eval., 2008) by using Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) derived from experimental Frequency Response Function (FRF) data to detect the locations and extent of damage in steel beams, composite beams and plate-like structures. The present method requires to use FRF data obtained only from the damaged structure based on an assumption that the undamaged structure is homogeneous and smooth. The procedure uses the Global Fitting Method (GFM) that fits a smooth and analytic ODS to the measured ODS. Both the analytic and measured ODS are differentiated twice to yield the Curvature Operating Shapes (COS). The Structural Irregularity Index (SII) at each grid point on the structures is the difference between the analytic and measured COS. The procedure is repeated for each frequency in the FRF. Then, SII are averaged over the selected frequencies to obtain the frequency-averaged SII, which are statistically treated to locate damage. The present method is originally developed for one-dimensional (1D) beam models but can be extended further to any two-dimensional (2D) plate-like models by adding the results in the horizontal and/or vertical directions. The present method using experimental FRF successfully identified the locations and extents of the notches in steel beams, delaminations in the composite beams and plates, and dry spots in a composite hull structure. The present method is compared with different damage detection methods and showed improved performance in terms of detecting damage and computation cost. The present method also showed improved performances when ODS rather than mode shapes (MS) data are used.
Attitudes and labeling biases toward behavior modification: The effects of labels, content, and jargon

Previous research has suggested that the label “behavior modification” results in negative evaluations of treatment. Three experiments were conducted to separate the impact of the label, content, and manner of presenting treatment on evaluations of behavior modification. In each experiment, undergraduate students rated treatments designed to alter classroom behavior. Experiment 1 examined the effects of labels (behavior modification, humanistic education, and a new teaching method) and content (behavioral, humanistic, and neutral conditions). Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of content (behavioral versus neutral methods) and the manner in which they were described (in scientific jargon versus ordinary language). Experiment 3 examined the impact of labels (behavior modification versus no label) and the manner in which behavioral methods were presented (jargon versus ordinary language). Content of the method consistently contributed to negative evaluations. Behavior modification was evaluated less favorably than were humanistic or neutral procedures. Labeling of treatment as “behavior modification” failed to contribute to the evaluations of the procedures. Interestingly, presenting behavioral treatments in jargon rather than in ordinary language was associated with more positive evaluations.
The use of nuclease P1 in sequence analysis of end group labeled RNA

A method is described for the direct sequence analysis of 20-25 nucleotides from the termini of 5'- or 3'-end-group [32P] labeled RNA. The method involves partial endonucleolytic digestion of the labeled RNA with nuclease P1 (from Penicillium citrinum) followed by separation of the partial digestion products by two-dimensional homochromatography, the nucleotide sequence being determined by mobility shift analysis. This procedure has been applied to the sequence analysis of the terminal regions of tRNAs and of high molecular weight RNA, such as messenger RNA or viral RNA. A further application involves its use in conjunction with snake venom phosphodiesterase to determine the sequence of 5'-end group labeled oligonucleotides, containing modified bases, derived from T1 or pancreatic RNase digestion of tRNA.
Simulation of optical lithography and inspection

Abstract Process modeling and simulation for lithography, pattern transfer and inspection are highlighted. Advances in models for lithographic materials, algorithms for 3-D dissolution and etching, massively-parallel approaches for electromagnetic scattering from topography, and common TCAD environments are described. These models, algorithms and environments form synergistic TCAD tools which are playing an important role in developing and sustaining process technology for IC fabrication.
Miscellaneous conditions about the elbow in athletes

This article reviews some of the conditions about the elbow in athletes or active individuals. The conditions discussed are synovial plica of elbow, radiocapitellar arthritis, congenital dislocation of the radial head, radio-ulnar synostosis, hemophilia and rheumatoid arthritis. In the past, people who had these conditions were instructed to avoid athletic activities; however, they are now being counseled to remain active and to try to exercise on a regular basis.
Ultrasonic Measurement of Left Ventricular Wall Motion in Acute Myocardial Infarction

The time-motion representation of the echogram was used to evaluate the left ventricular posterior wall motion in myocardial infarction. The left ventricular posterior wall echo was obtained in 10 normal subjects and 26 patients with chest pain admitted to a coronary care unit, including 11 with acute myocardial infarction (group 1), nine with old myocardial infarction (group 2), and six with chest pain of miscellaneous origin (group 3). The total amplitude of posterior wall excursion, left ventricular isometric contraction time, left ventricular systolic ejection time, and mean posterior wall velocity (ratio of posterior wall excursion to ejection time) were measured. By using the measurements of posterior wall excursion, mean posterior wall velocity, and isometric contraction time, group 1 patients were differentiated from those of groups 2 and 3 and from the normal subjects (all P < 0.01). The data from patients in groups 2 and 3 were not statistically different from those of normal subjects. The measu...
THE MEASUREMENT OF THE DIAMETER OF ERYTHROCYTES. V.—The Relation of the Diameter to the Thickness

1. A photographic method is described for measuring the thickness of erythrocytes suspended in serum or plasma. 2. Results of measurements of diameter, greatest thickness, least thickness, etc., are given for the red cells of man, rabbit, and sheep. The figures obtained indicate that the ratio of length to greatest thickness, and of length to least thickness are quite different in the three species of animals examined, and also that, in any one animal, there is quite a low correlation (about 0.4) between the length of the cell and its greatest or least thickness. 3. The thickness of a cell in a rouleau is considerably less than that of the cell floating freely in plasma (1.7 µ It instead of 2.4 µ), while the diameter is slightly greater (about 8.8 µ instead of 8.6 µ).
Pulmonary artery interventions after Norwood procedure: Does type or position of shunt predict need for intervention?

Objectives Pulmonary artery stenosis is a potential complication after Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. It is unclear whether the shunt type or position in the Norwood procedure is associated with the risk of the development of pulmonary artery stenosis. We examined the risk of pulmonary artery stenosis and the need for pulmonary artery intervention in children undergoing the Norwood procedure with either the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit or modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent the Norwood procedure from January 1, 2003, to September 1, 2011. The data from 100 patients were reviewed, including catheterization and echocardiographic data, right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (n = 67, right shunt position in 17 and left in 50), and right ventricle to pulmonary artery (n = 33). The primary outcome measure was the need for operative or catheter-based pulmonary artery intervention. Results No patients in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery group required catheterization-based pulmonary artery interventions. Surgical pulmonary arterioplasty was performed frequently and equally in both the right ventricle to pulmonary artery and right ventricle to pulmonary artery groups at the bidirectional Glenn procedure. Catheter-based pulmonary arterioplasty was performed more frequently in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit group, especially when the conduit was positioned to the right side of the neoaorta. These patients had a 12.73 increased odds of a pulmonary artery intervention compared with the left to right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit ( P = .04). Conclusions Consistent with a previous multicenter randomized trial, patients who received a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit versus a right ventricle to pulmonary artery have a greater risk of requiring pulmonary artery interventions. Patients with right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit placement to the right underwent a greater number of pulmonary artery interventions but demonstrated overall improved growth of the branch pulmonary arteries compared with the patients receiving a left-sided right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit.
Edge Disjoint Paths of Increasing Order in Complete Bipartite Graphs

Abstract We study two closely related questions. The first addresses when we can decompose the edge set into edge disjoint paths of increasing order where the order grows exactly by one in each step. The second asks for conditions under which a complete bipartite graph decomposes into ascending subgraphs of paths.
Efficacy of a 2-mm spot size lens for the treatment of superficial vascular lesions with a flashlamp-pumped dye laser.

Background The flashlamp-pumped dye laser, using either a 3 or 5 mm spot size, is an excellent instrument for the treatment of port-wine stains and other superficial cutaneous vascular lesions. Problems exist with patient acceptance due to prominent and prolonged blue-black discoloration and the pain associated with the treatment. Objective To assess the effectiveness of a flashlamp-pumped dye laser equipped with a 2 mm spot size lens in the treatment of superficial vascular lesions. Methods Twenty-one patients with telangiectasias, cherry angiomas, and angiokeratomas were treated at a variety of fluences. Results Three of 21 patients had complete clearing of their superficial vascular lesions. An improvement of greater than 75% was noted by 11 patients, and six patients noted a 50%–75% improvement. One patient had less than 50% improvement. Less post-treatment discoloration and less pain were noted with the 2 mm spot size lens. Conclusions The 2 mm spot size lens, used with the flashlamp-pumped dye laser is an effective instrument for the treatment of superficial cutaneous vascular lesions.
Regional pulmonary blood flow in the lung of the chicken

ABSTRACT It is known that alterations in respiratory gases in birds can cause a nonhomogenous redistribution of pulmonary blood flow between the 2 separate gas-exchanging regions of the avian lung, the paleopulmo (PALEO) and neopulmo (NEO); however, the effect of alterations in respired gas content on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in birds, such as the chicken, that possess a highly developed NEO is not known. This study used a colorimetric microsphere method to determine the effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the relative distribution of pulmonary blood flow in anesthetized chickens (Gallus domesticus) during control (normoxic) and experimental (hypoxic or hypercapnic) conditions, where the relative regional distribution of blood flow in the lung is expressed as the ratio NEO/PALEO. Administration of a hypoxic gas mixture (16.0% O2) produced a 13.4% increase in NEO/PALEO, and, administration of a hypercapnic gas mixture (5.0% CO2) resulted in a 27.8% increase in NEO/PALEO. Our results are consistent with a mechanism in which the regional redistribution of pulmonary blood flow is mediated by local intrapulmonary factors.
Language Brokering and Parental Praise and Criticism Among Young Adults from Immigrant Families

Undergraduate college students (N = 139; M age = 20.92, SD = 2.43; 74 % female) from Asian (n = 76), Latino (n = 27) and non-Hispanic White (n = 36) backgrounds participated in an online survey about frequency of language brokering and parent–child relationship characteristics. We found that higher frequency of language brokering for mother was associated with lower levels of regard for and perceived support from mother. However, this negative relationship was explained by maternal praise. Additionally, we found that higher frequency of language brokering for father was associated with lower levels of perceived support from father and this relationship was also mediated by paternal praise. These results further suggest that parenting contexts can shape the parent–child outcomes associated with language brokering.
Review: a single-pill combination of telmisartan plus amlodipine for the treatment of hypertension.

Despite an increased proportion of patients with hypertension achieving recommended blood pressure (BP) targets, BP control remains suboptimal in many patients. A range of combination therapies utilizing medications with differing mechanisms of action have been shown to provide superior BP-lowering efficacy than monotherapy with individual components. Single-pill combinations deliver improved convenience and may help to improve patient compliance. A single-pill combination of the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan and the calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine has recently been approved in 4 different doses (telmisartan/amlodipine 40 mg/5 mg, 40 mg/10 mg, 80 mg/5 mg, and 80 mg/10 mg) for antihypertensive use in the United States. In an 8-week clinical study (N = 1461), these combinations were superior to monotherapy with telmisartan or with amlodipine with respect to the primary endpoint, change in diastolic BP (DBP) from baseline (mean baseline BP, 153.2 [± 12.1]/101.7 [± 4.3] mm Hg) to study end (placebo-corrected reductions of 10.3, 14.0, 12.0, and 13.9 mm Hg, respectively), as well as in multiple secondary endpoints, including change in systolic BP (SBP), DBP response, SBP response, BP control ( 1 antihypertensive agent to reach BP targets.
The major receptor for C-reactive protein on leukocytes is fcgamma receptor II.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase serum protein that shares several functions with immunoglobulin (Ig)G including complement activation and binding to receptors on monocytes and neutrophils. The identity of the receptor for CRP has been the target of extensive research. We previously determined that CRP binds to the high affinity receptor for IgG, FcγRI (CD64). However, this interaction could not account for the majority of binding of CRP to neutrophils or monocytic cells. We now determine that CRP also interacts with FcγRIIa (CD32), the low affinity receptor for IgG on monocytes and neutrophils. COS-7 cells were transfected with a construct containing the human FcγRIIA cDNA. CRP binding and the presence of CD32 were detected by mAb and analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. Cells expressing CD32 bound CRP in a dose-dependent and saturable manner consistent with receptor binding. CRP bound to transfectants and K-562 cells with similar kinetics, and in both cases binding was completely inhibited by aggregated IgG. On monocytic cell lines, treatment with Bt2cAMP increased FcγRII expression and enhanced CRP binding. CRP also specifically precipitated FcγRI and FcγRII from the monocytic cell line, THP-1. It is suggested that the major receptor for CRP on phagocytic cells is FcγRII.
Effect of human eosinophil major basic protein on ion transport in dog tracheal epithelium.

Eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) is a granule-associated cytotoxic protein found in sputum and deposited on airway tissues of patients with acute asthma. We therefore studied the effect of human MBP on ion transport in dog tracheal epithelium. We mounted the posterior tracheal membranes of mongrel dogs in Ussing chambers and measured potential differences across the membranes and short-circuit current. Using 22Na+ and 36Cl- as tracers, we determined net ion movements. The addition of MBP (5 X 10(-6) M) to the mucosal, but not to the serosal, side of the membranes produced an increase in short-circuit current from 2.25 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SE) to 2.78 +/- 0.23 muEq.cm-2h-1 (p less than 0.0001) and in net chloride secretion from 1.57 +/- 0.22 to 2.31 +/- 0.24 muEq.cm-2h-1 (p less than 0.01). There was no change in net sodium movement. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10(-5) M) attenuated, but did not abolish, the increase in short-circuit current. After exposure to MBP, prostaglandin E2 release into the serosal bathing solution increased from 10.0 +/- 4.2 to 17.0 +/- 6.9 ng.cm-2h-1 (p less than 0.05). The results of this study indicate that MBP simulates prostaglandin E2 production and chloride secretion by dog tracheal epithelium. Thus, eosinophils in the airways, through release of MBP, may affect mucociliary clearance by changing the volume and composition of respiratory tract fluid.
Finite descent obstruction for curves over function fields

We prove that a form of finite Galois descent obstruction is the only obstruction to the existence of integral points on integral models of twists of modular curves over function fields.
Studies on the development of chicken embryos exposed to cobaltous chloride

Abstract Cobaltous chloride was injected into the yolk sac of fertilized White Plymouth Rock eggs on day 4 of incubation. The mortality rate of cobalt-injected embryos was higher than that of saline-injected controls. Cobaltous chloride proved to have slight (2.7–2.8%) teratogenic activity but produced anemia in 23% of viable 20-day-old embryos if injected in a dose range of 0.4–0.5 mg per egg. The gross anomalies were confined to the eyes and lower extremities. Histologic examination revealed hyperplasia of epithelium and depletion of colloid in the thyroid, and foci of necrosis and edema in the mesenchyme of some cobalt-treated embryos. The yolk sac injection of 0.1–0.3 mg of cobaltous chloride on day 4 of incubation produced no developmental or hematologic anomalies in 20-day-old embryos.
Can historical returns-earnings relations predict price responses to earnings news?

The main purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness of pooled and firm-specific returns-earnings models in predicting price responses to future earnings news. The question addresses whether earnings response coefficients (ERCs) (i.e., slope coefficients obtained from regressions of market-adjusted returns on earnings surprises) are helpful in predicting price responses to future earnings surprises. In other words, are historical returns-earnings relations (as captured by ERCs) useful in predicting future returns-earnings relations? Surprisingly, we find that ERCs from firm-specific regressions provide less accurate predictions of price responses to future earnings surprises than ERCs from pooled regressions. In addition, out-of-sample predictions from actual-firm-specific regressions are no more accurate than those from pseudo-firm-specific regressions. This is despite the fact that our pseudo firms are created through random draws of returns-earnings data. Therefore, they have no economic characteristics that extend beyond the period over which the coefficients are estimated.
Observations on the electrocrystallization of copper

Abstract The defects produced during epitaxial electrodeposition of copper on highly perfect copper single crystals have been studied by correlating various X-ray techniques, including Borrmann and Berg-Barrett topography, with optical microscopy and dislocation etching. In some of the deposits obtained, the measurement of the half-width of the Bragg peak and anomalously transmitted intensity revealed no significant concentration of defects. However, dislocation etching indicated the presence of small loops. Instances of formation of twin crystals were observed. Annealing of the deposits at temperatures up to 1000 °C caused the development of a small number of large strain centers and some indication of aggregation of defects.
Effects of copper, zinc and cadmium on Selanastrum Capricornutum

Abstract The algicidal and algistatic effects of copper, zinc and cadmium on Selanastrum capricornutum , a unicellular green algae were analyzed by using a modification of the Algal Assay Procedures Bottle Test. Algicidal concentrations of copper, zinc and cadmium were 0.30, 0.70, and 0.65 mg 1 −1 . Treatment of Selanastrum with various concentrations of the metals resulted in similar growth rates characterized by extended lag growth phases. Combinations of copper, zinc and cadmium were similar in toxicity to equal concentrations of zinc. Combinations of copper and cadmium resulted in a greater growth rate than equal concentrations of copper suggesting that cadmium inhibits copper toxicity. Selanastrum was able to exist in waters from the upper South Fork and North Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River where zinc and other metals were in low concentration. However, the algae was not able to tolerate zinc concentrations greater than 0·5 mg 1 −1 from waters of other parts of the drainage. These observations were consistent with laboratory findings where 0.7 mg 1 −1 zinc was algicidal and 0.1 mg 1 −1 inhibited the growth of Selanastrum .
Reconstruction after retrosigmoid approaches using autologous fat graft-assisted Medpor Titan cranioplasty: assessment of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks and headaches in 60 cases.

Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and headaches remain potential complications after retrosigmoid approaches for lesions in the posterior fossa and cerebellopontine angle. The authors describe a simple repair technique with an autologous fat graft-assisted Medpor Titan cranioplasty and investigate the incidence of postoperative CSF leaks and headaches using this technique. A retrospective chart review was conducted on all cases (n = 60) of retrosigmoid craniectomy from September 2009 to May 2014 in patients who underwent fat graft-assisted cranioplasty. After obtaining a watertight dural closure and sealing off any visible mastoid air cells with bone wax, an autologous fat graft was placed over the dural suture line and up against the waxed-off air cells. The fat graft filled the retrosigmoid cranial defect and was then bolstered with a Medpor Titan (titanium mesh embedded in porous polyethylene) cranioplasty. A postoperative mastoid pressure dressing was applied for 48 h, and prophylactic lumbar drainage was not used. Factors examined in this study included postoperative CSF leak (incisional, rhinorrhea, otorrhea), pseudomeningocele formation, incidence and severity of postoperative headache, length of hospital stay, and length of follow-up. No patients developed postoperative CSF leaks (0 %), pseudomeningoceles (0 %), or new-onset postoperative headaches (0 %) with the described repair technique. There were no cases of graft site morbidity such as hematoma or wound infection. Mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3.8 days (range 2–10 days). Mean postoperative follow-up was 12.4 months (range 2.0–41.1 months). Our multilayer repair technique with a fat graft-assisted Medpor Titan cranioplasty appears effective in preventing postoperative CSF leaks and new-onset postoperative headaches after retrosigmoid approaches. Postoperative lumbar drainage may not be necessary.
O enigma da igualdade

Scott estabelece, atraves deste artigo, uma discussao sobre os conceitos de igualdade e diferenca, do genero, das identidades individuais e de grupo, enfatizando a necessidade de historicidade do tema dentro da sociedade contemporânea. O artigo trata tambem de questoes que envolvem as politicas de acao afirmativa, diferencas de genero e raca no mundo do trabalho ou acesso de minorias a universidades. Scott argumenta que a questao da igualdade precisa ser entendida em termos de paradoxo.
An overview of the ion dynamic effect in line broadening, and a generalization of the unified theory

Abstract We present a brief overview of the collisional broadening of hydrogenic radiators in thermal plasmas. Our focus is on lines with unshifted central components, particularly the alpha lines (Δn = 1), for which ion motion effects can be very large. Our calculations span a wide range of electron densities, temperatures, and radiator-ion perturber reduced masses μ. At fixed density and temperature, the ion dynamics will be quasistatic for large μ and impact in nature for sufficiently small μ. The half width, Δω 1 2 , increases with μ in the impact region, and decreases with μ as the quasistatic region is approached. In between these two regions, Δω 1 2 reaches an extrenum where it is relatively insensitive to μ. In this region, the width of Lα is a factor more than 30 larger than the value obtained assuming quasistatic ions. We present validity criteria for the different regions of ion dynamic behavior. The above computations were made using a numerical simulation approach. Numerical methods have proven necessary to deal with the overlapping strong collisions of different ion perturbers. Most current analytical methods, such as the unified theory, are not valid when strong collisions overlap, as is often the case with ion perturbers. We are developing a generalization of the unified theory which endeavors to overcome this limitation.
A historical analysis of the relationship between encephalitis lethargica and postencephalitic parkinsonism: A complex rather than a direct relationship

Postencephalitic parkinsonism has been considered unique among disorders with parkinsonian features because it is believed to have a unitary etiology associated with the virus that presumably caused encephalitis lethargica. Careful analysis of the historical record, however, suggests that this relationship is more complex than commonly perceived. In most cases, the diagnosis of acute encephalitis lethargica was made post hoc, and virtually any catarrh-like illness was considered to have represented encephalitis lethargica, often after an oral history-taking that was undoubtedly subject to patient recall and physician bias. Also, postencephalitic parkinsonism and oculogyric crises were not recognized as sequelae to encephalitis lethargica until well after other sequelae such as movement disorders and mental disturbances had been identified (see previous paper). We suggest here that the relationship between encephalitis lethargica and postencephalitic parkinsonism is not simplistic, i.e., encephalitis lethargica was not solely responsible for the etiology of postencephalitic parkinsonism, thus aligning the latter with most other parkinsonian disorders that are now believed to have multiple causes.
Millimeter-wave Doppler velocimetry for low-velocity measurement

A new millimeter-wave Doppler velocimeter operating at 35.6 GHz has been developed, using MICs and MMICs, and demonstrated as a sensor for measuring low velocity. The Doppler frequency was determined by applying linear regression on the phase sampled within only fractions of the period of the Doppler frequency. A digital quadrature mixer was configured by employing quadrature-sampling signal processing technique for phase detection. Experiments were performed in laboratory for moving target on commercial conveyor. The sensor was able to measure speed as low as 27.7 mm/s, corresponding to 6.6 Hz in Doppler frequency, with an estimated velocity resolution of 2.7 mm/s.
Fabrication of Micro- and Nanostructures with Monodispersed Colloidal Spheres as the Active Components

Monodispersed colloidal spheres with dimensions in the range of 100 nm to 10 µm can be used as building blocks to fabricate highly ordered 3D micro- and nanostructures. For example, they can be self-assembled into closely packed lattices, which can be subsequently used as templates to generate 3D porous structures. Here we present the recent progress in our group regarding this approach.
Phonon-mediated casimir interaction between mobile impurities in one-dimensional quantum liquids

Virtual phonons of a quantum liquid scatter off impurities and mediate a long-range interaction, analogous to the Casimir effect. In one dimension the effect is universal and the induced interaction decays as 1/r3, much slower than the van der Waals interaction ∼1/r6, where r is the impurity separation. The sign of the effect is characterized by the product of impurity-phonon scattering amplitudes, which take a universal form and have been seen to vanish for several integrable impurity models. Thus, if the impurity parameters can be independently tuned to lie on opposite sides of such integrable points, one can observe an attractive interaction turned into a repulsive one.
Antibodies to OspC, OspF and C6 antigens as indicators for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in horses

Summary Reasons for performing study Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by infected ticks (Ixodes spp.). Reports on Lyme disease in horses have increased in recent years. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of Lyme disease in horses is still challenging owing to its vague clinical presentation and the limitations of diagnostic tests. Objectives This study used a new serological Lyme multiplex assay to examine antibody responses to 3 antigens of B. burgdorferi, outer surface protein (Osp) C, OspF and C6, and to verify their use as markers for early and late infection stages in horses. Methods Multiplex analysis of antibodies to OspC, OspF and C6 in equine patient sera (n = 191) was performed. A subset of the sera (n = 90) was also tested using a commercial C6-based Lyme test. Results Antibodies to OspF and C6 highly correlate as reliable markers of infection with B. burgdorferi in horses. Antibodies to OspC, which have been confirmed as early infection markers in man and dogs, were only detected in some patient sera, suggesting that OspC antibodies are indicators of early infection in horses. Commercial C6 testing identified most infected horses but also resulted in false positive and false negative interpretations. Conclusions Serological multiplex testing is a rapid and quantitative diagnostic method to confirm infection with B. burgdorferi and to identify the stage of infection. In horses with risk of exposure and clinical signs, multiplex testing supports the diagnosis of Lyme disease. Potential relevance Antimicrobial treatment of B. burgdorferi is time sensitive. Treatment success decreases with time of persistent infection, while the risk of developing chronic disease increases. The ability to identify early infection with B. burgdorferi provides practitioners and clinicians with a tool to improve the diagnosis of equine Lyme disease and make treatment decisions.
Salvage treatment for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the oral cavity recurs with a frequency of 25%–48%, a fact that usually portends a poor prognosis. Recent studies have reported salvage cure rates as high as 67%. Investigators have also claimed that restaging recurrent tumors provides useful prognostic information, although this has not been demonstrated with tumors of the oral cavity. The purposes of this study were: (1) to report the patterns of recurrent SCCA of the oral cavity; (2) to examine the benefit of restaging oral cavity tumors, and (3) to compare different treatment modalities in the management of recurrent SCCA of the oral cavity. Materials and Methods Thirty-eight patients who developed recurrent SCCA of the oral cavity were reviewed. Salvage treatment consisted of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities. Survival analysis was based on the stage of the primary and recurrent tumors and the type of salvage treatment received. Results The overall recurrence rate was 28%. Local recurrence was most common (58%) followed by locoregional (27%) and regional recurrence (16%). Patients who recurred more than 6 months after completion of their primary treatment had improved survival compared with those who recurred within 6 months of initial treatment. Individuals with stage I-II primary tumors had significantly improved salvage time and total survival time compared with those with stage III-IV primary tumors (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001). Conversely, the stage of the recurrent tumor was not predictive of either improved salvage time or total survival time. Patients who underwent salvage surgery had significantly improved salvage time and total survival time compared with those who received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (p < 0.001 and p < 0.002). The overall salvage cure rate was 21%. Neither the stage of the primary or recurrent tumors nor the type of salvage treatment received significantly correlated with an improved cure rate. However, the group of patients who underwent salvage surgery approached a statistically significant improvement in cure rate (p = 0.08). Conclusions Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is most likely to recur at the primary site. The stage of the primary tumor is significantly correlated with survival even after recurrence, but the stage of the recurrent tumor is not significantly correlated with survival. Patients most likely to benefit from retreatment are those who (1) have primary tumors stage I-II, (2) recur greater than 6 months after their initial treatment, and (3) develop recurrences that are amenable to salvage surgery. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 22: 34–41, 2000.
Novel 3D electrospun scaffolds with fibers oriented randomly and evenly in three dimensions to closely mimic the unique architectures of extracellular matrices in soft tissues: fabrication and mechanism study.

In this work, novel electrospun scaffolds with fibers oriented randomly and evenly in three dimensions (3D) including in the thickness direction were developed based on the principle of electrostatic repulsion. This unique structure is different from most electrospun scaffolds with fibers oriented mainly in one direction. The structure of novel 3D scaffolds could more closely mimic the 3D randomly oriented fibrous architectures in many native extracellular matrices (ECMs). The cell culture results of this study indicated that, instead of becoming flattened cells when cultured in conventional electrospun scaffolds, the cells cultured on novel 3D scaffolds could develop into stereoscopic topographies, which highly simulated in vivo 3D cellular morphologies and are believed to be of vital importance for cells to function and differentiate appropriately. Also, due to the randomly oriented fibrous structure, improvement of nearly 5 times in cell proliferation could be observed when comparing our 3D scaffolds w...
A mighty "MyD" guardian of heart function

The moment a coronary artery becomes occluded, the race is on to restore blood flow to ischemic myocardium as fast as possible to preserve maximal viability of cardiomyocytes. However, even with reperfusion therapies such as thrombolysis or coronary stenting, substantial myocardial damage can ensue and lead to scar formation and heart failure. Therefore, in addition to prompt revascularization, the development of adjunctive pharmacologic strategies that protect ischemic cardiomyocytes is urgently needed to optimize myocardial recovery during a heart attack. Motivated by this major unmet need, Korf-Klingebiel et al. have discovered a new secreted protein that has myoprotective properties and may have potential for drug development. The authors hypothesized that the beneficial effects of autologous bone marrow cell (BMC) therapy seen in clinical trials of heart attack patients might be mediated by paracrine factors secreted by BMCs. They performed gene expression microarrays in patient-derived BMCs and identified 42 genes that were poorly characterized and encoded putative secreted proteins. They then expressed each of these 42 genes in HEK293 cells and screened the supernatants for their ability to protect cultured cardiomyocytes from ischemia and to promote angiogenesis in cultured endothelial cells. They identified a secreted protein, which they named MYDGF, and found that it had potent myoprotective and pro-angiogenic effects in their screen. The abundance of MYDGF was shown to be increased in the infarcted human myocardium, and mice that were genetically deficient in MYDGF were more susceptible to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. MYGDF was found to be robustly expressed in bone marrow–derived monocytes and macrophages, and bone marrow transplantation experiments confirmed that BMC-derived MYDGF was necessary and sufficient to exert cardioprotective effects during ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Finally, treatment of mice with recombinant MYGDF exerted myoprotective effects, even when given 6 hours after reperfusion, suggesting therapeutic potential even when given late. This study identifies a new myeloid-derived secreted protein that acts in a paracrine manner to protect cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury and preserve cardiac function after a heart attack. Further studies that define the precise mechanisms by which MYDGF is produced and secreted by myeloid cells and triggers downstream signaling events in myocardial tissue should provide important insights into its therapeutic potential, not only during myocardial infarction, but potentially in a host of other cardiovascular or ischemic conditions. M. Korf-Klingebiel et al ., Myeloid-derived growth factor (C19orf10) mediates cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. Nat. Med. 21 , 140–149 (2015).[[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v21/n2/abs/nm.3778.html
Modified Levator Advancement Ptosis Technique

This chapter presents a modified levator advancement technique in which the orbicularis, levator aponeurosis complex is reflected from its insertion on the underlying inferior one third of tarsus. This allows for advancement of the aponeurosis while ensuring clear anatomic visualization as the aponeurosis is dissected from underlying Mueller’s muscle in a bloodless, surgical plane.
Biometric verification of visible and MWIR images suitable for optical correlators

Biometric recognition using template matching in multiple wavelength bands has been assessed using Fourier transform-based techniques on a new database of facial images. Individuals were digitally photographed using commercially available visible and infrared (IR) cameras. Recognition accuracy and false positive rate were determined.
Concentration and δD of molecular hydrogen in boreal forests: Ecosystem‐scale systematics of atmospheric H2

We examined the concentration and δD of atmospheric H2 in a boreal forest in interior Alaska to investigate the systematics of high latitude soil uptake at ecosystem scale. Samples collected during nighttime inversions exhibited vigorous H_2 uptake, with concentration negatively correlated with the concentration of CO_2 (−0.8 to −1.2 ppb H_2 per ppm CO_2) and negatively correlated with δD of H_2. We derived H_2 deposition rates of between 2 to 12 nmol m^(−2) s^(−1). These rates are comparable to those observed in lower latitude ecosystems. We also derive an average fractionation factor, α = D:H_(residual)/D:H_(consumed) = 0.94 ± 0.01 and suggestive evidence that α depends on forest maturity. Our results show that high northern latitude soils are a significant sink of molecular hydrogen indicating that the record of atmospheric H_2 may be sensitive to changes in climate and land use.
Scientific Concepts and Social Structure in Ancient Greece

Awareness of the need for critically analyzing modes of thought as to their appropriateness to the problems to be analyzed is characteristic of modern times. In its critical character it contrasts, at least on the surface, with the emphasis on a basic consensus during the preceding millenia.
Alteration of Mortality and Pathogenesis of Three Experimental Herpesvirus hominis Infections of Mice with Adenine Arabinoside 5′-Monophosphate, Adenine Arabinoside, and Phosphonoacetic Acid

The therapeutic effectiveness of adenine arabinoside 5′-monophosphate (ara-AMP), adenine arabinoside (ara-A), and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) was compared in three experimental Herpesvirus hominis type 2 infections of mice. In animals inoculated with H. hominis by the intracerebral or intraperitoneal route, both ara-AMP and ara-A were highly effective in reducing mortality even when treatment was begun 48 to 96 h after viral inoculation. ara-AMP was the most effective in both models in that treatment could be initiated 24 to 48 h later in the course of infection than with ara-A and still confer significant protection. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally, protection due to ara-AMP therapy was associated with reduced replication of virus in visceral organs and complete inhibition of transmission of virus to the brain. PAA treatment of mice inoculated intraperitoneally was effective in reducing mortality only if initiated shortly after infection. Treatment with PAA did not reduce mortality of mice inoculated intracerebrally but did prolong the mean day of death. When mice were inoculated intranasally with H. hominis , none of the three drugs altered final mortality; however, treatment with ara-AMP did prolong the mean day of death. Treatment with ara-AMP effectively reduced viral replication in the lung and liver in this model infection, but failed to prevent transmission of virus through the trigeminal nerves from the nasopharynx to the brain.
Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Light Intensity Transmitted through Nanoapertures

A general method to map the 3D spatial distribution of light emerging from nanoscale apertures is presented that uses photolithographic techniques to create polymer replicas of the intensity distribution. The resulting features varied with aperture diameter and exposure time and showed good correlation with theory. This method provides direct visualization of the intensity distribution in close proximity to nanostructures and overcomes limitations imposed by physical probes where the contribution of the probe to the map requires deconvolution.
Differential regulation of the expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE3 by PKC-α in Caco-2 cells

Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) activity has been shown to be regulated by various external signals and protein kinases in many tissues and cell types. A family of six NHE isoforms has been identified. Three...
An Impact Evaluation of a Neighbourhood Crime Prevention Program: Does Safer Commune Make Chileans Safer?

This working paper discusses "Safer Commune" - a neighbourhood crime prevention program in Chile that has come under criticism via evidence of rising crime rates and fear of crime in municipalities with the program. The author argues that this criticism is incorrect and shows empirical evidence that the crime rates that would have been observed without the program. This impact evaluation -using the double difference propensity score method- reveals that the program has reduced high crimes particularly of two types of crimes namely battery and theft. The author shows that active participation in the program by local residents has reduced insecurity and increased security; but with very low active participation in the program the scale of the effect is low. Positive evaluative findings suggest that an expansion of the program and simultaneously enhancing co-production of order through mechanisms to encourage local resident participation would have high returns.
'Cure Me! I'm Gay!': Social Orientation Change Efforts — A Fundamental Right or a Legal Injustice

For centuries, homosexuality has been viewed as a social stigma, leading many homosexuals to feel isolated, abnormal, and unaccepted. Not until the 1970s was homosexuality no longer considered to be a mental illness, but rather an immutable trait, or by some opinions, a lifestyle choice. With homosexuals facing a lack of widespread acceptance throughout history, methods were developed in an attempt to “cure,” “rewire,” or “alter” sexual orientation in hopes of setting these individuals free from the oppression they faced as homosexuals. These efforts became known as sexual-orientation-change therapy. In 2012, the California Senate passed SB 1172, which made it illegal for any psychologist to administer any form of sexual-orientation-change therapy to any individual under the age of eighteen regardless of parental consent or their own willingness. The term sexual-orientation-change therapy refers to the various methods by which some researchers believe sexual orientation may be reversed. This article presents pertinent historical development leading up to the passage of the bill, discussion on the efficacy and effects of such therapy, as well as an exploration of the possible legal issues presented by the bill itself and lawsuits filed in its opposition including whether a ban on sexual-orientation-change efforts infringes on individual’s fundamental rights; whether a ban on sexual-orientation-change efforts infringes on parents’ rights to rear their children, and whether passage of SB 1172 is in fact necessary in order to protect the psyche of young people. The author’s research shows that SB 1172 would likely fail a constitutional challenged because of the bill’s infringement upon individuals’ fundamental rights in the presence of less restrictive, less invasive means of accomplishing the existing compelling government interest — specifically — the provision of a Mature Minor Doctrine.
Elliptic Equations: Finite Differences

This chapter focuses on elliptic equations applicable to elliptic partial differential equations. A numerical approximation of the solution is obtained. By use of finite differences, a simultaneous system of equations may be determined. The solution of this algebraic system yields a numerical approximation to the differential equation. The method is simply to use finite differences everywhere, and solve the resulting set of simultaneous equations. Because elliptic equations are boundary value problems, the solution at all points in the domain must be determined simultaneously. If the original elliptic equation and the boundary conditions are linear in the independent variable, then the resulting system of equations will be linear. The most common type of elliptic systems has linear equations and linear boundary conditions. For this type of elliptic system, a standard linear equation solver may be used. If the system of linear equations is too large to solve directly, an iterative method may be used.