cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steroid-eluting contact lenses for corneal and intraocular inflammation

Ocular inflammation is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and steroids in topical ophthalmic solutions (e.g. dexamethasone eye drops) are the mainstay of therapy for ocular inflammation. For many non-infectious ocular inflammatory diseases, such as uveitis, eye drops are administered as often as once every hour. The high frequency of administration coupled with the side effects of eye drops leads to poor adherence for patients. Drug-eluting contact lenses have long been sought as a potentially superior alternative for sustained ocular drug delivery; but loading sufficient drug into contact lenses and control the release of the drug is still a challenge. A dexamethasone releasing contact lens (Dex-Lens) was previously developed by encapsulating a dexamethasone-polymer film within the periphery of a hydrogel-based contact lens. Here, we demonstrate safety and efficacy of the Dex-Lens in rabbit models in the treatment of anterior ocular inflammation. The Dex-Lens delivered drug for 7 days in vivo (rabbit model). In an ocular irritation study (Draize test) with Dex-Lens extracts, no adverse events were observed in normal rabbit eyes. Dex-Lenses effectively inhibited suture-induced corneal neovascularization and inflammation for 7 days and lipopolysaccharide-induced anterior uveitis for 5 days. The efficacy of Dex-Lenses was similar to that of hourly-administered dexamethasone eye drops. In the corneal neovascularization study, substantial corneal edema was observed in rabbit eyes that received no treatment and those that wore a vehicle lens as compared to rabbit eyes that wore the Dex-Lens. Throughout these studies, Dex-Lenses were well tolerated and did not exhibit signs of toxicity. Dexamethasone-eluting contact lenses may be an option for the treatment of ocular inflammation and a platform for ocular drug delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Inflammation of the eye can happen either on the ocular surface (i.e. the cornea) or inside the eye, both of which can result in loss of vision or even blindness. Ocular inflammation is normally treated by steroid eye drops. Depending on the type and severity of inflammation, patients may have to take drops every hour for days at a time. Such severe dosing regimen can lead to patients missing doses. Also, more than 95% drug in an eye drop never goes inside the eye. Here we present a contact lens that release a steroid (dexamethasone) for seven days at a time. It is much more efficient than eye drops and a significant improvement since once worn, the patient will avoid missing doses.
Making memories: Chinese foodscapes, medicinal foods, and generational eating:

The availability and abundance of foods in 21st century China have dramatically expanded over the past three decades. Despite the proximity of memories of food insecurity—the intergenerational prep...
Stress Response as a Function of Age and Sex

The data in the literature on the response to stress in males and females is reviewed and discussed. The effects of age on this response are also considered. Factors that may affect the response to stress in field studies and applied situations and thus bear on the validity or interpretation of the results are also discussed. The stress response as a function of age and sex is considered in terms of the tolerance of individuals to physical stresses such as exercise, heat, acceleration, and in terms of the responses of the pituitary-adrenal and the sympathetico-adrenal systems.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Siblings

In this chapter, we review existing research examining sibling relationships where at least one sibling is lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ). We review research examining predictors of coming out to siblings and factors that are associated with heterosexual siblings’ acceptance and support of their LGBTQ brother or sister. We also review qualitative research that has investigated how the coming out process influences identity, experiences, coping, and relationship dynamics among LGBTQ persons and their siblings. We discuss the limitations and provide directions for future research in this area. We conclude with a discussion of how the research findings may be used by practitioners, including mental health providers and educators.
A Structural Model of Mental Accounting

We construct and estimate a formal economic model of mental accounting where utility maximizing consumers facing rationality constraints infrequently update their desired expenditure budgets for different categories of consumption. We use latent Bayesian inference to estimate the model on a unique dataset of consumer-level weekly consumption expenditure in order to infer mental accounting decision variables. Our formulation reconciles the variability of observed high-frequency consumption expenditure patterns. We find that consumers optimally re-evaluate only about 25% to 50% of their expenditure budgets each period, providing empirical evidence that consumers regulate their expenditure behavior with mental accounting heuristics. Compared to two separate models where consumers face no cognition frictions or engage in full, sticky mental accounting, the model with both consumer- and time-dependent heterogeneous rationality constraints fits the data best. Counterfactually, we find that implementing policies which encourage consumers to stick with weekly expenditure budgets leads to, on average, higher savings rates and welfare improvements.
The Effects of Innovative Visual Design on Consumer Attitude

Innovative visual design plays an important role in marketing for attracting consumers’ attention in-store. Drawing upon thinking styles and design literature, this research investigates how consum...
REACT: Real-Time Contact Tracing and Risk Monitoring via Privacy-Enhanced Mobile Tracking

Contact tracing is an essential public health tool for controlling epidemic disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital contact tracing using real-time locations or proximity of individuals can be used to significantly speed up and scale up contact tracing. In this demonstration, we present our system, REACT, for REAl-time Contact Tracing and risk monitoring via privacy-enhanced tracking of users’ locations. With privacy enhancement that allows users to control and refine the precision with which their information will be collected and used, REACT will enable: 1) contact tracing of individuals who are exposed to infected cases and identification of hot-spot locations, 2) individual risk monitoring based on the locations they visit and their contact with others. In this paper, we demonstrate the procedure of contact tracing using our application and the utility of contact tracing given the protected locations.
720 Million Quality Factor Integrated All-Waveguide Photonic Resonator

Ultra-high Q optical resonators are an essential component for a wide range of applications such as ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, optical gyroscopes, optical atomic clocks and quantum communications and computation [1] – [3] . Efforts have been made towards miniaturizing bulk-optical resonators with Qs of tens of Billions [4] such as the whispering gallery mode resonator with 63 Billion Q [5] and the microrod resonator with 1 Billion Q [6] . Progress has been made with on-chip etched silica disk resonators reaching 1.1 Billion Q, however, these designs are not compatible with wafer-scale photonic waveguide fabrication [7] . Recently, we reported a 422 Million intrinsic Q Si 3 N 4 integrated all-waveguide resonator with a 453 kHz intrinsic linewidth and 0.060 dB/m loss [8] . Moving these all-waveguide designs towards 1 Billion Q for integrated all-waveguide resonators is a key milestone towards fully integrated ultra-narrow linewidth, ultra-stable lasers.
Verification and Scalability of Mixed-Element USM3D for Benchmark Three-Dimensional Flows

The unstructured-grid mixed-element cell-centered finite-volume flow solver USM3D is enhanced for massively parallel computations. The paper describes modifications to the flow solver and paralleli...
Neural control of affiliative touch in prosocial interaction.

The ability to help and care for others fosters social cohesiveness and is vital to the physical and emotional well-being of social species, including humans1–3. Affiliative social touch, such as allogrooming (grooming behaviour directed towards another individual), is a major type of prosocial behaviour that provides comfort to others1–6. Affiliative touch serves to establish and strengthen social bonds between animals and can help to console distressed conspecifics. However, the neural circuits that promote prosocial affiliative touch have remained unclear. Here we show that mice exhibit affiliative allogrooming behaviour towards distressed partners, providing a consoling effect. The increase in allogrooming occurs in response to different types of stressors and can be elicited by olfactory cues from distressed individuals. Using microendoscopic calcium imaging, we find that neural activity in the medial amygdala (MeA) responds differentially to naive and distressed conspecifics and encodes allogrooming behaviour. Through intersectional functional manipulations, we establish a direct causal role of the MeA in controlling affiliative allogrooming and identify a select, tachykinin-expressing subpopulation of MeA GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric-acid-expressing) neurons that promote this behaviour through their projections to the medial preoptic area. Together, our study demonstrates that mice display prosocial comforting behaviour and reveals a neural circuit mechanism that underlies the encoding and control of affiliative touch during prosocial interactions. Neurons in the medial amygdala regulate prosocial comforting behaviour towards distressed social partners in mice.
Energy Transfer from Energetic Ions to Thin Films Using a Pyroelectric Calorimeter

The energy deposited by ion beams in metal films was measured with a pyroelectric calorimeter as a function of incident energy and the mass of ion and metal. The energy that an ion or neutral particle transfers to a lattice during a collision is important from the perspective of basic science and has significant impact on such diverse fields as thermonuclear fusion and deposition of thin films by physical sputtering. There has been no systematic experimental investigation of this phenomenon in the range of ion energies below a few keV. This is largely due to the difficulty that conventional ion scattering techniques encounter in making an accurate measurement of the kinetic energy of all the scattered ions (neutrals), a task that is extremely difficult for low energies. Photoacoustic or photothermal techniques that determine the energy deposited into the sample rather than the reflected energy of the particle should be able to overcome this problem.
Applicability of Solutions for Convection in Potential Flow

Publisher Summary The chapter aims to review, correct, and then assemble in a systematic form the solutions derived by Boussinesq and subsequent investigators for convection in potential flow. The purpose of the chapter is also to obtain solutions for convection in potential flow for additional important geometries and boundary conditions. The chapter then identifies the errors in these solutions resulting from several idealizations, and thereby determines their limits of applicability. The chapter also analyzes the applicability of solutions for convection in potential flow for moderately low Prandtl number fluids and the applicability of solutions for convection in potential flow for rising bubbles. Further, the chapter discusses the utility of solutions for convection in potential flow in the development of correlating equations for all Prandtl numbers. It is mentioned that the method of Boussinesq provides a simple, systematic procedure for the derivation of solutions for convection from bodies immersed in an unbounded potential flow. This method is utilized to compile a set of solutions for several other common shapes.
Effects of air stacking on pulmonary function and peak cough flow in patients with cervical spinal cord injury

[Purpose] This study evaluated the effects of air stacking on pulmonary function and peak cough flow in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. [Subjects] Twenty-six patients were included in the study and were randomized into experimental (n = 14) and control (n = 12) groups. [Methods] Both groups performed therapeutic exercises: the control group performed incentive spirometry, while the experimental group performed 20 repetitions of air stacking exercise twice a day. The training for both groups continued for 5 days a week for 6 weeks. [Results] Forced vital capacity and peak cough flow increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the controls. All within-group variables in the experimental group differed significantly at 6 weeks compared to baseline, while in the control group only Forced vital capacity differed significantly at 6 weeks compared to baseline. [Conclusion] Air stacking exercise significantly improved pulmonary function and peak cough flow in patients with a cervical spinal cord injury.
Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power

1. 'The execution of laws is more important than the making of them': reconciling executive energy with democracy 2. Executive power and the Virginia executive 3. Executive power and the constitution of 1787 4. 'To place before mankind the common sense of the subject': declarations of principle 5. The real revolution of 1800: Jefferson's transformation of the inaugural address 6. To 'produce a union of the powers of the whole': Jefferson's transformation of the appointment and removal powers 7. The Louisiana Purchase 8. To 'complete their entire union of opinion': the twelfth amendment as amendment to end all amendments 9. 'To bring their wills to a point of union and effect': declarations and presidential speech 10. Development and difficulties.
Modeling of Resistance in FinFET Local Interconnect

We present an innovative and comprehensive approach to model the resistance of local interconnect used in FinFET technologies. Our parasitic resistance formulas for FinFET source/drain regions cover both merged and unmerged fin processes. Both simple and composite local interconnect cases are studied. They have been verified with field solver simulation results, and are found to be accurate over a wide range of parameter values. Our local interconnect resistance model has been used in IBM 14 nm SOI FinFET CMOS technology, and is a critical part of compact models used in both extraction flow and schematic/pre-layout flow.
X2. Energy Transfer and Decay Times in Radiation‐Induced Luminescence of Benzene Solutions

A previously described technique for precise measurement of luminescence decay times in the range around 10−9 sec. has been slightly modified so as to permit more exact interpretation of the data. The results for a system of aerated benzene containing p-terphenyl scintillator have been analyzed to indicate two decay times τ1 and τ2 as governing parameters of the shape of the luminescence decay curves. The value of τ1 is a variable non-linear function of scintillator concentration and is assigned to the excited state of the solvent. In absence of scintillator r, for excited benzene is ∼ 2 · 10−8 sec. The value of τ2 is fixed at 2.2 · 10−9sec. and appears assignable to the excited state of the scintillator. However, certain anomalies raise questions as to the propriety of such assignment. Une technique pour la determination des temps de degradation de la luminescence jusqu'a 10−9 sec. anterieurement decrite a ete modifiee pour permettre une interpretation plus exacte des donnees obtenues. Les resultats obtenus avee du benzene aere contenant du p-terphenyl comme scintillateur sont analyses et indiquent deux temps de degradation τ1, et τ2qui regissent la forme des courbes de degradation de la luminescence. La valeur de τ1 est une fonction variable non-lineaire de la concentration du scintillateur et est assigne a l'etat excite du solvant. En abscence du scintillateur la valeur de τ1 pour le benzene est ∼ 2 · 10−8 sec. τ2, dont la valeur est fixee a 2.2 · 10−9 sec, peut etre attribue a l'etat excite du scintillateur. Quelques anomalies peuvent pourtant exiger une correction de cette conclusion. Eine fruher beschriebene Methode zur genauen Messung von Lumineszenzabklingzeiten im Bereich von 10−9 sec wurde leicht abgeandert mit dem Ziel einer genaueren Auswertungsmoglichkeit der Mesdaten. Die Ergebnisse fur ein System bestehend aus beluftetem Benzol mit p-Terphenyl als Scintillator wurden analysiert. Sie lassen zwei Abklingzeiten τ1 und τ2 als ausschlaggebend fur die Form der Abklingkurve erkennen. τ1 ist eine variable nichtlineare Funktion der Scintillatorkonzentration und wird dem angeregten Zustand des Losungsmittels zugeschrieben. In Abwesenheit des Scintillators ist τ1 fur angeregtes Benzol ∼ 2 · 10−8 sec. Der Wert von τ2 liegt bei 2,2 · 10−9 sec und kann dem angeregten Zustand des Scintillators zugeordnet werden. Bestimmte Anomalien lassen jedoch gewisse Fragen hinsichtlich der Richtigkeit dieser Zuordnung offen.
Enhancing the antitumor effects of adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy using preconditioning thermal ablation (TUM7P.956)

A major challenge facing T cell based immunotherapeutic strategies is the limited trafficking of cytotoxic T cells at vascular checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA; 90°C, 1min), a cytoreductive strategy used clinically to treat unresectable tumors, as a pre-conditioning regimen to overcome deficient CD8 T trafficking across tumor vasculature. RFA pre-treatment caused a concomitant decrease in the number of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells while bolstering CD8 T cells in tumor draining lymph nodes and the non-ablated region within the tumor microenvironment. Taking advantage of the immunostimulatory activities of RFA, adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells was performed 6 hours post-RFA in implantable murine tumors (B16.F10 melanoma or CT26 colorectal tumors). Increased trafficking of adoptively transferred T cells was observed in both the tumor draining lymph node and tumor microenvironment. Improved trafficking was associated with a robust increase in antigen-restricted apoptosis of tumor cell targets and significantly enhanced overall survival without recurrence. Further investigation revealed that adoptive T cell transfer following RFA elicited a durable tumor-specific memory response. Taken together, these findings suggest that thermal ablative regimens may have clinical potential as an adjuvant to augment the efficacy of T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
The Z-20 reliability calculations

The Z-20 is a pulsed power facility designed to test the characteristics of water switches to be used in the ZR project. The facility consists of a Marx generator feeding into a water dielectric intermediate store (IS), the IS discharges through a gas switch into a water dielectric pulsed forming line (PFL), goes through the water switches into a water dielectric flat tri-plate transmission line (t-line) matched to a resistive load. The facility was also used to determine the effects of an abrupt, coaxial to flat plate, T-line transition in the water switch region, and the use of large flat dielectric plates to separate anode and cathode from the coaxial PFL. An extended technique to calculate the probability of failure, of large surface area water systems, was used to estimate the reliability of the Z-20 system. With this technique we integrated the probability of failure, after partitioning the surface in small steps, with the advantage that the "enhanced" regions get automatically included in the calculation. The system has been operating at voltage levels above 4 MV with more than 400 shots accumulated without a single failure in the water region.
Interactive or Non-interactive?: That Is the Question!!!

When the Maryland Higher Education Commission made public a new state regulation distinguishing between interactive and non-interactive instruction, advocates of distance education objected. The staff of the commission undertook a bibliographic search to determine the effectiveness of various methods of delivering distance education. This article summarizes the results of the bibliographic search. Significantly, several studies reviewed suggest that interactive videodiscs may be the most effective form of instruction. The authors explore this possibility and propose a continuum of delivery modes from least interactive to most interactive. The logic of the continuum leads to a number of issues requiring further research. The annotated bibliography appears as an appendix to this issue. Lorsque la Maryland Higher Education Commission rend public un nouveau reglement de l'etat etablissant une distinction entre l'instruction interactive et non-interactive, les defenseurs de l'education a distance s'y opposent. Le personnel de la commission entreprend une recherche bibliographique afin de determiner l'efficacite de diverses methodes d'enseignement a distance. Cet article resume donc les fruits de cette recherche bibliographique. Fait tres revelateur, plusieurs etudes parcourues indiquent que les videodisques interactifs pourraient etre la forme d'enseignement la plus efficace. Les auteurs etudient cette possibilite, et proposent un continuum dans les modes d'enseignement, allant de peu d'interaction a beaucoup d'interaction. Cette progression logique mene a un certain nombre d'enjeux sur lesquels il faut egalement pousser la recherche. La bibliographie annotee figure en appendice du present numero.
Selective area growth of InP through narrow openings by MOCVD and its application to InP HBT

Selective growth behavior of InP through narrow openings (<2 /spl mu/m) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was investigated. The lateral overgrowth was observed to be significantly affected by both the opening width and orientation. The lateral overgrowth showed a 'diffraction-like' behavior, with the lateral overgrowth length increasing with decreasing opening width. The application of InP lateral overgrowth to InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is proposed and the device behaviors of the HBT prototypes with the extrinsic base laterally overgrown on buried SiO/sub 2/ are demonstrated.
Subsidy free pricing of interruptible service contracts

Abstract This article analyzes the issue of cross-subsidy in the pricing structure of a utility offering interruptible service contracts. Utilizing a simple theoretical model in which available capacity is subject to random shocks, we derive a set of sufficient conditions for the presence of subsidies in the pricing of priority service. We find that low priority customers receive no subsidies whenever they pay prices in excess of variable costs. A test for subsidies to high priority customers is derived that can be implemented utilizing available information. Extensions of the analysis are discussed.
Prion Domain Initiation of Amyloid Formation in Vitro from Native Ure2p

The [URE3] non-Mendelian genetic element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an infectious protein (prion) form of Ure2p, a regulator of nitrogen catabolism. Here, synthetic Ure2p1−65 were shown to polymerize to form filaments 40 to 45 angstroms in diameter with more than 60 percent β sheet. Ure2p1−65 specifically induced full-length native Ure2p to copolymerize under conditions where native Ure2p alone did not polymerize. Like Ure2p in extracts of [URE3] strains, these 180- to 220-angstrom-diameter filaments were protease resistant. The Ure2p1−65-Ure2p cofilaments could seed polymerization of native Ure2p to form thicker, less regular filaments. All filaments stained with Congo Red to produce the green birefringence typical of amyloid. This self-propagating amyloid formation can explain the properties of [URE3].
Connecting K–12 School Media Centers to University Library Resources Through Interlibrary Loan: A Case Study From Eastern North Carolina

Providing interlibrary loan service to K–12 schools is investigated in this article. Request analysis of a university interlibrary loan service to schools is presented along with a survey of those schools’ use of the service. Results from a survey of other libraries that provide similar loan services to schools are also presented. A lengthy literature review of interlibrary loan for K–12 schools places modern offerings in an historical perspective.
Phosphorylated states of vesicular stomatitis virus P protein in vitro and in vivo.

We have previously shown that the phosphoprotein (P) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), New Jersey serotype (PNJ) is phosphorylated by casein kinase II, within the N-terminal domain I (P1 form), whereas the C-terminal domain II is phosphorylated by a protein kinase activity associated with the L protein (P2 form) (D. J. Chattopadhyay and A.K. Banerjee, Cell 49, 407, 1987; A.M. Takacs et al., J. Virol. 66, 5842, 1992). In the present studies, we have mapped the corresponding P1 and P2 phosphorylation sites in the P protein of the well-studied Indiana serotype (PIND) and compared that with the two previously designated NS1 and NS2 forms present in vivo. The PIND expressed in Escherichia coli in an unphosphorylated form (P0) was used as substrate for recombinant casein kinase II (CKII). By site-directed mutagenesis, the CKII-mediated phosphorylation sites in the P protein were mapped at S60, T62, and S64 within the acidic domain I in vitro. In contrast, using BHK cell extract as the source of CKII or expressing P protein in COS cells labeled with 32PI, the phosphorylation sites were mapped at S60 and S64 with no phosphorylation at T62 residue. We used a peptide mapping technique by which the phosphorylation sites within domain I and domain II were determined. Using this method we demonstrated that the P1 and P2 forms are similar, if not identical, to the previously designated NS1 and NS2 forms, respectively. The domain II phosphorylating kinase activity, associated with the L protein, is shown to be present also in the N-RNA complex, indicating that this activity is of cellular origin. By site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that S226 and S227 are involved in phosphorylation within domain II. We also demonstrate that the P1 and P2 forms are interconvertible and arise by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the phosphate groups in domain II, confirming the precursor-product relationship between the two phosphorylated forms of P protein.
Do Adjectives Conform To Compositionality

Definissant la compositionnalite comme principe de la signification d'une expression complexe, l'A. compare les donnees linguistiques qui semblent le contredire, a celles qui semblent lui obeir. Examinant les constructions nom-adjectif en particulier, l'A. propose de resoudre le probleme de la confusion entre enonce et contenu par la distinction de deux types de signification: la signification linguistique et la signification du contenu.
Tests of a robust eddy correlation system for sensible heat flux

Sensible heat flux estimates from a simple, one-propeller eddy correlation system (OPEC) were compared with those from a sonic anemometer eddy correlation system (SEC). In accordance with similarity theory, the performance of the OPEC system improved with increasing height of the sensor above the surface. Flux totals from the two systems at sites with adequate fetch were in excellent agreement after frequency response corrections were applied. The propeller system appears suitable for long periods of unattended measurement. The sensible heat flux measurements can be combined with net radiation and soil heat flux measurements to estimate latent heat as a residual in the surface energy balance.
The Effect of Slight Deformation on Thermocapillary-Driven Droplet Coalescence and Growth.

The collision efficiency of two slightly deformable drops in thermocapillary motion at small Reynolds and Marangoni numbers is determined by a trajectory analysis involving methodology from matched asymptotic expansions. The outer solution for two spherical drops which are nearly touching provides the contact force driving the inner solution. Accurate calculation of the contact force and near-contact motion is aided by new solutions for the mobility functions parallel and normal to the drops' line of centers that are valid at very small separations. Governed by a system of integro-differential equations coupling the flow inside the drops and that within the small gap, the inner solution allows demarcation of the regions of drop coalescence and separation. Apart from the driving force, the thin-film equations are unchanged to leading order from the buoyancy-driven case, since no additional singularity is introduced into the tangential stress by the presence of the finite temperature gradient. The interplay of small deformation, as measured by the capillary number (Ca), and attractive van der Waals forces controls the apparent contact motion. Results for the collision efficiency are mapped out for a range of five dimensionless parameters: Ca, size ratio, drop-to-medium viscosity ratio, drop-to-medium thermal conductivity ratio (k), and a dimensionless Hamaker parameter. Since the only effect on the inner solution of an increase in the thermal conductivity ratio is an increase in the amount of time the drops spend in close approach, it is possible for the collision efficiency of two slightly deformable drops with higher k to be greater than that for two similar drops with lower k. This behavior differs from that of spherical drops, where an increase in thermal conductivity ratio always leads to a decrease in the collision efficiency, as a result of greater hydrodynamic interaction between the spherical drops due to the temperature gradient. In addition, collision efficiencies are provided for a model system of ethyl salicylate (ES) drops in diethylene glycol (DEG). The collision efficiency decreases rapidly with increasing drop size above a critical value, due to the increasing role of deformation in retarding the drainage of the thin film between two drops in close approach. Population dynamics simulations are performed for homogeneous suspensions of the ES/DEG system, showing that slight deformation limits droplet growth due to coalescence in dilute dispersions.
Nonlinear Stress and Temperature Creep Relations in Polymer Nanocomposites

Stress and temperature response of Polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites is mapped and predicted using creep-recovery measurements. The results indicate that the PE nanocomposite exhibit nonlinear response. When montmorillonite layered silicates (MLS) are introduced into the polymer, the stress response deviates substantially. Recovery curves of the nanocomposites were lower than those of the creep response. Viscoplastic strain was lower in the case of the nanocomposites. The material responses are analyzed using mechanical analogs.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
SIMPLE POWER ASSOCIATIVE LOOPS WITH EXACTLY ONE COVERING

In this paper we look at a some results about uniquely covered power associative loops, and we construct a family of power associative loops that have exactly one covering. This shows that there is a wide variety of power associative loops with exactly one covering.
Quantification of strain and orientation measurement error in cross-correlation EBSD in hexagonal close-packed materials

Cross-correlation electron backscatter diffraction (CC-EBSD) is a novel technique for mapping relative elastic strain variations in the SEM. Recently Britton and Wilkinson have demonstrated that, in deformed materials, lattice rotations can result in non-physical strain values. In this work, we quantify this error for hcp polycrystals and demonstrate that similar artifacts can occur in the presence of large elastic strains. Additionally, open issues limiting the application of CC-EBSD to strain analysis in deformed polycrystals are highlighted.
Factors influencing death and injury of foodborne pathogens by hydrostatic pressure-pasteurization

Abstract The key objective of hydrostatic pressure-pasteurization of food is the destruction of pathogenic bacterial cells at a high level (8log cycles) without adversely affecting the acceptance characteristics of a food. To achieve these goals, hydrostatic pressure-pasteurization may best be conducted at a moderate pressure, which alone will not kill the desired level of pathogens. However, along with hydrostatic pressure other parameters, namely pressurization-time, temperature and bactericidal compounds, such as bacteriocins, can be used to enhance bactericidal effects of pressurization. Our results with four pathogens indicated that viability loss at 25°C were minimal up to 207MPa, then increased at a rapid rate. However, even above 483MPa, not all species had 8log cycles viability loss. At and above 276MPa a large number of survivors were injured. At 207MPa and 25°C, pressurization for 30min did not greatly enhance viability loss and injury of the four pathogens. However, pressurization temperatures beyond 35°C greatly increased cell death and injury. By pressurizing the cells in the presence of a mixture of pediocin AcH and nisin viability loss of the pathogens was increased by an additional 1.3 to 5.1log cycles. This increase was due to the bactericidal effect of the two bacteriocins on sensitive and injured cells. These results indicated that at moderate pressure, a high level of destruction of pathogens can be induced within a short time by using moderate temperature in combination with bactericidal preservative(s).
Abnormal Globin Gene Structure and Expression in β-Thalassemia

Over the past five years, several new defects in the beta-thalassemias have been described from this laboratory using both restriction enzyme and sequencing analyses of cloned beta-thalassemia genes. The enzyme HphI has been shown to recognize a single nucleotide change at the 5' end of beta-IVS 2, and, using restriction enzyme analysis, demonstrated for the first time a specific defect associated with beta(0)-thalassemia. Cloning and sequencing of a beta-thalassemia gene have identified a single base change within IVS 2 at a position 705 nucleotides from the 5' end of IVS 2 that results in a beta(0)-thalassemia phenotype; no normal splicing occurs in this gene despite the fact that both the 5' and 3' ends of IVS 2 are unchanged. A unique and strong cryptic 3' acceptor splice site present in the normal gene at a position 580 nucleotides from the 5' end is used extensively in the mutant gene. Studies of this gene have indicated that there are sequences within IVS that are responsible for optimal expression of this gene; changes in these sequences can lead to markedly abnormal patterns of splicing. In addition, beta-globin gene expression has been evaluated in human erythroleukemia cells, K562 cells, and, although stable transformants with integrated beta-globin genes have been obtained, none of these transformants expressed the added beta-globin genes. This is presumably due to trans-acting factors or distal cis-acting effects that suppress the expression of these added beta-globin genes. In addition, a low epsilon-producing cell line, Bos cells, was used as a recipient for an exogenous epsilon-globin gene. A neomycin resistance gene was cotransfected into these cells, and a neomycin analogue (G418) was used to select cells containing both the neomycin resistance and epsilon-globin genes. Using Southern blotting, 10 of 11 stably transformed G418-resistant lines, which contain intact epsilon-globin genes, express epsilon-globin mRNA at much higher levels than the Bos cells into which they were transfected. Two of these lines express the epsilon-globin genes at a level comparable to that of wild-type K562 cells. These results indicate that the transfer and expression of human globin genes in human erythroid cells is feasible, and can occur at a high level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
GATA3 Immunohistochemical Expression in Salivary Gland Neoplasms

GATA3 is a zinc finger transcription factor that regulates the normal development of many tissues and cell types. Recent studies have shown that immunohistochemical nuclear staining for GATA3 among tumors is highly restricted to carcinomas of breast and urothelial origin; however salivary gland tumors have not been tested. Given that breast and salivary gland tissues are very similar with respect to embryologic development and structure, we performed GATA3 staining on a spectrum of salivary gland neoplasms. GATA3 immunohistochemistry was performed on a diverse collection of 180 benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms including 10 acinic cell carcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified, 41 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 2 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, 1 low grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma, 15 mammary analogue secretory carcinomas, 7 metastatic squamous cell carcinomas, 27 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 2 oncocytic carcinomas, 5 oncocytomas, 34 pleomorphic adenomas, 4 polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas, 25 salivary duct carcinomas, and 5 Warthin tumors. Staining for GATA3 was observed in 92/180 (51 %) of salivary gland tumors. GATA3 staining was observed in most of the tumor types, but diffuse immunolabeling was consistently seen in salivary duct carcinoma (25 of 25) and mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (15 of 15)—the two tumor types that most closely resemble breast neoplasia. Background benign salivary gland tissue was also usually weakly positive in both acini and ducts. GATA3 immunostaining is not restricted to tumors of breast and urothelial origin. Rather, it is expressed across many different types of salivary gland neoplasms. As a result, salivary gland origin should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a GATA3-positive carcinoma, particularly in the head and neck. Although GATA3 immunohistochemistry is not helpful in resolving the differential diagnosis between a primary salivary gland neoplasm and metastatic breast cancer, it may have some utility in subtyping salivary gland tumors, particularly salivary duct carcinoma and mammary analogue secretory carcinoma.
Aging of Solder Standards

In process control, solder samples are routinely analyzed by x-ray spectroscopy. In our laboratory, the standards and samples are prepared by the chill-casting method developed by Zanin and Hooser because the method has the advantages of (1) homogeneity of the prepared samples, (2) control of the sample's metallurgical history, and (3) rapid sample preparation. However, our work has shown that the standards change with time resulting in an increase in their net tin intensities. If uncontrolled, this change can result in erroneous analyses.
The Cellulase/Hemicellulase System of the Anaerobic FungusOrpinomycesPC-2 and Aspects of Its Applied Use

Anaerobic fungi, first described in 1975 by Orpin, live in close contact with bacteria and other microorganisms in the rumen and caecum of herbivorous animals, where they digest ingested plant food. Seventeen distinct anaerobic fungi belonging to five different genera have been described. They have been found in at least 50 different herbivorous animals. Anaerobic fungi do not possess mitochondria, but instead have hydrogenosomes, which form hydrogen and carbon dioxide from pyruvate and malate during fermentation of carbohydrates. In addition, they are very oxygen- and temperature-sensitive, and their DNA has an unusually high AT content of from 72 to 87 mol%. My initial reason for studying anaerobic fungi was because they solubilize lignocellulose and produce all enzymes needed to efficiently hydrolyze cellulose and hemicelluloses. Although some of these enzymes are found free in the medium, most of them are associated with cellulosomal and polycellulosomal complexes, in which the enzymes are attached through fungal dockerins to scaffolding proteins; this is similar to what has been found for cellulosomes from anaerobic bacteria. Although cellulosomes from anaerobic fungi share many properties with cellulosomes of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria and have comparable structures, their structures differ in their amino acid sequences. I discuss some features of the cellulosome of the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. PC-2 and some possible uses of its enzymes in industrial settings.
An explicit finite element method for the wave equation

Abstract We present a new space—time finite element method for the wave equation. The method is explicit in the sense that, with an appropriate mesh, the finite element approximation can be developed one element at a time. It is thus potentially useful for problems requiring local mesh refinement. Stability and error estimates are derived. The method is shown to be of almost optimal order accuracy in the derivative, or energy, sense. Computational examples are given.
Exploiting biological complexity for strain improvement through systems biology

Cellular complexity makes it difficult to build a complete understanding of cellular function but also offers innumerable possibilities for modifying the cellular machinery to achieve a specific purpose. The exploitation of cellular complexity for strain improvement has been a challenging goal for applied biological research because it requires the coordinated understanding of multiple cellular processes. It is therefore pursued most efficiently in the framework of systems biology. Progress in strain improvement will depend not only on advances in technologies for high-throughput measurements but, more importantly, on the development of theoretical methods that increase the information content of these measurements and, as such, facilitate the elucidation of mechanisms and the identification of genetic targets for modification.
A membrane-bound human placental protein kinase activated by endogenous polypeptides

A protein kinase (PPdPK) was purified from plasma membranes of human placenta. Phosphorylation of casein , but not of phosvitin or lactalbumin, by [γ-32P]ATP in the presence of PPdPK was stimulated about 10-fold by naturally occurring polypeptides prepared from avariety of sources similar to the procedure of Roberts et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.77, 3494–3498, 1980). The amino acid phos-phorylated on casein was serine. According to gel exclusion chromatography the mol.wt, of PPdPK was 95 000. In autoradiograms, following polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, the autophosphorylation of PPdPK was greatly enhanced by the polypeptide activators.
An Experimental Search for the “Conditioned Response”

(1932). An Experimental Search for the “Conditioned Response”. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 91-115.
Multiple causes of diagenetic fabric anisotropy in weakly consolidated mud, Nankai accretionary prism, IODP Expedition 316

Abstract In the Nankai accretionary prism and its associated slope sediments early (pre-lithification) mechanical modification of mud induces preferred alignments of elongate or platy particles and the loss of intergranular porosity. Generic types of particle alignment include: 1. particles having long axes aligned in the plane of bedding, most likely as a consequence of burial compaction; 2. diverse bioturbation structures including alignments parallel to burrow walls, burrows filled with obliquely aligned phyllosilicates, and blotchy disruption of bedding; and, 3. planar deformation bands showing parallel alignments of both silt- and clay-size particles. Subtle compositional contrast between deformation bands and host rocks is consistent with loss of intergranular micropores within bands and supports the dominance of mechanical over chemical processes in their formation. Field-emission SEM imaging of Ar-ion-milled cross-sections shows that collapse of larger (>2 μm) pores, many localized at the margins of silt-size particles, reduces porosity within the bands by about 5 percent compared to the adjacent host rock. Despite the clear role of shear, evidence for particle comminution is equivocal. These observations on mechanical processes in early diagenesis provide useful context for interpretation of pore types and fabric anisotropies in mudrocks across a wide range of subsurface conditions.
Residual Drifts of Self-Centering Systems Including Effects of Ambient Building Resistance

There has been widespread interest in the development and use of self-centering (SC) lateral resisting systems that eliminate residual drifts after large earthquakes. SC systems often include a res...
FT-i.r. spectra of acetic acid and deuterated analogs in the monomer O−H and O−D regions

Abstract FT-i.r. spectra of the four acids in the vapor state; CH 3 COOH, CH 3 COOD, CD 3 COOH and CD 3 COOD, in the monomer O−H and O−D stretching regions at both ambient and elevated temperatures are presented. The O−H and O−D vibrations are found to consist of unresolved P -and R -branches and a complex series of peaks in the “ Q -branch” region. As one goes to greater resolution, greater complexities in the spectra are observed. Several interpretations of this phenomenon are proposed, but that which seems to best fit the data is that these bands are due to the OH stretching fundamental, and accompanying hot bands. The hot bands arise mainly from the appreciable population of methyl (or CD 3 ) torsional modes. Although there is qualitative agreement of the observed intensity changes with temperature, the intensities do not agree well with a Boltzman population of the torsional energy levels. Several possible reasons for this disagreement are suggested.
Absence of B antibody in a blood group A person.

. A healthy Caucasian woman who possessed blood groups A2H(O) on her red cells as well as in her saliva and serum had no anti-blood group B ‘complete’ or ‘incomplete’ agglutinins nor hemolysins as determined either on whole serum or its concentrated β-γ-globulin fraction. No anti-B antibody was stimulated by immunization with highly active human blood group B glycoprotein. No blood group B antigenic determinants were demonstrable on the proposita's red cells or in her saliva by any of numerous serological and enzymatic methods at various red cell concentrations between 2 and 37 °C, nor by the highly sensitive immunoglobulin-latex test. Immunization with the proposita's red cells did not elicit anti-blood group B antibodies in chickens or rabbits. Blood groups A and O but not B occurred in members of this woman's family which was studied through 3 generations.
Organochlorine residues in brook trout from remote lakes in the Northeastern United States

Organochlorine residues were analyzed in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) collected from six undisturbed lakes in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. The residues (whole body) were compared among age groups of fish and were correlated by regression analyses with water chemistry factors that might be affected by acid precipitation. There were significant differences in the organochlorine content of fish from different lakes but not among age groups of fish within each lake or among all lakes. There were no significant correlations between the water chemistry values measured and organochlorine content of the fish. Inasmuch as no organochlorine pesticides have been used within the lake watersheds, the compounds must have reached these lakes by atmospheric transport.