cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hageman factor and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in newborns and rabbits.

Summary: There was no significant difference in the levels of factor XII between sick newborns and normal age-matched controls, although the levels of both groups were lower than normal older children. Detailed coagulation studies on 44 sick infants revealed 11 to have disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In those with DIC, the mean Hageman factor was 20% and in those without DIC, 25% (P > 0.05). Rabbits given a constant infusion of lysozyme (which inhibits factor XII) showed laboratory evidence of endotoxin-induced DIC. The data suggest that neither reduced factor XII levels nor Hageman factor inhibition provided protection from DIC. The data further suggest that other coagulation pathways might be involved in order to elicit the DIC. Speculation: Since Hageman factor activation is thought to be involved in initiating the coagulation mechanism and activation of fibrinolytic, kinin, and complement systems and therefore may be involved in basic pathophysiologic reactions, this study was undertaken to determine whether physiologic reductions in this factor might be protective in any way. Although it was found that newborns had lower factor XII levels than older children or adults and that the levels were lower in the younger infants and were therefore thought to be due to a developmental delay, no protection from the development of acquired coagulopathies could be detected. A significant number of sick neonates were found to have a variant form of DIC (reduced plasma factors II, V, VIII, and fibrinogen, but normal platelet counts instead of thrombocytopenia). It is speculated that these infants' platelets were not responsive to the DIC-provoking event due to a developmental platelet dysfunction.
Body composition and endocrine status of long-term stress-induced binge-eating rats

Clinical binge eating runs a protracted course. The etiology of binge eating remains perplexing in part because, in humans, it is difficult to isolate and assess the independent and aggregate impact of various contributing variables. Using rats, we found that footshock stress and a history of caloric restriction (S+R), combine synergistically to induce binge eating. Stress and dieting are also strong antecedents and relapse factors in human eating disorders. Here we report further behavioral and physiological parallels to human binge eating. Like the protracted course of human binge eating, young female Sprague-Dawley rats continued to binge eat after 23 restriction/stress cycles (7 months) and this despite experiencing no significant weight loss during the restriction phases. Stress alone reduced adiposity by 35% (p<0.001) but S+R rats had no significant fat loss. An endocrine profile of normal plasma leptin and insulin levels but marked elevation of plasma corticosterone levels was found only in the binge-eating (S+R) rats (p<0.01), also paralleling endocrine profiles reported in clinical binge-eating studies. These behavioral and physiological similarities between this animal model and clinical binge eating increase its utility in understanding binge eating. Importantly, our findings also highlight the stubborn nature of binge eating: once a critical experience with dieting and stress is experienced, little if any further weight loss or food restriction is necessary to sustain it.
A two-dimensional isotropic quantum antiferromagnet with unique disordered ground state

We continue the study of valence-bond solid antiferromagnetic quantum Hamiltonians. These Hamiltonians are invariant under rotations in spin space. We prove that a particular two-dimensional model from this class (the spin-3/2 model on the hexagonal lattice) has a unique ground state in the infinite-volume limit and hence no Neel order. Moreover, all truncated correlation functions decay exponentially in this ground state. We also characterize all the finite-volume ground states of these models (in every dimension), and prove that the two-point correlation function of the spin-2 square lattice model with periodic boundary conditions has exponential decay.
Failure to process dentin sialophosphoprotein into fragments leads to periodontal defects in mice

Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), first discovered by cDNA cloning in 1997, plays a crucial role in dentinogenesis (1). It undergoes post-translational modification and is cleaved into the NH2-terminal fragments (existing in two forms: dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and the proteoglycan form termed DSP-PG) and COOH-terminal fragment (dentin phosphoprotein (DPP)) (1-3). Genetic studies have shown the association of DSPP mutations with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) in humans (4-10). In animal models, Dspp-knock out (Dspp-KO) mice exhibit severe dentin hypomineralization defects with widened predentin zone resembling the dentin defects observed in human DGI (11). These findings strongly suggest the importance of DSPP in the formation and mineralization of dentin. Besides its established role in tooth formation, DSPP was also discovered in bone, cellular cementum and several non-mineralized tissues (12-20). Its expression in alveolar bone and cellular cementum is remarkably higher than in the long bone (14,19). Recent work from our laboratory showed that DSPP plays an essential role in these periodontal tissues (21). In Dspp deficient mice we observed severe alveolar bone loss with reduced cementum deposition and altered osteocyte morphology (21). The reduction in interdental alveolar bone caused apical migration of periodontal ligaments (PDL) leading to periodontal pockets (21). In vivo studies done by our group showed that proteolytic processing of DSPP is vital for its function in dentinogenesis (22). However, whether the same mechanism applies in periodontal tissues still remains to be tested. For this purpose, we systematically characterized the alveolar bone and cementum of the following groups of mice: 1) mice expressing the uncleavable D452A-DSPP in the Dspp-KO background (named as Dspp-KO/D452A-Tg mice); 2) Dspp-KO mice; 3) Wild-type (WT) mice and; 4) mice expressing the normal DSPP transgene in the Dspp–KO background (referred as Dspp-KO/normal-Tg mice). The results from this study showed that expression of normal DSPP was successful in rescuing the periodontal defects of Dspp-KO mice. However the transgenic expression of D452A-DSPP was unable to rescue the Dspp deficient defects. The findings from from this study provide in vivo evidence that the proteolytic processing of DSPP is necessary for maintaining the health of periodontal tissues.
Influence of extrinsic factors on electron transfer in a mixed-valence Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) complex: experimental results and theoretical considerations.

The crystal structure of the mixed-valence complex (NEt(4))[Fe(2)(salmp)(2)].xMeCN(crystal) (x = 2,3) [1].xMeCN(crystal) was determined at temperatures between 153 and 293 K. The complex shows distinct Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) sites over this temperature interval. Variable temperature Mossbauer spectra confirm the valence-localized character of the complex. In contrast, spectroscopic investigation of powder samples generated from [1].xMeCN(crystal) indicate the presence of a valence-averaged component at temperatures above 150 K. To elucidate this apparent contradiction we have conducted a variable-temperature Mossbauer investigation of different forms of 1, including [1].xMeCN(crystal), [1].2DMF(crystal), [1].yMeCN(powder), and solution samples of 1 in acetonitrile. The low-temperature Mossbauer spectra of all forms are virtually identical and confirm the valence-localized nature of the S = (9)/(2) ground state. The high-temperature spectra reveal a subtle control of electron hopping by the environment of the complexes. Thus, [1].xMeCN(crystal) has valence-localized spectra at all explored temperatures, [1].2DMF(crystal) exhibits a complete collapse into a valence-averaged spectrum over a narrow temperature range, the powder exhibits partial valence averaging over a broad temperature interval, and the solution sample shows at 210 K the presence of a valence-averaged component in a minor proportion. The spectral transformations are characterized by a coexistence of valence-localized and valence-averaged spectral components. This phenomenon cannot be explained by intramolecular electron hopping between the valence-localized states Fe(A)(2+)Fe(B)(3+) and Fe(A)(3+)Fe(B)(2+) in a homogeneous ensemble of complexes, but requires relaxation processes involving at least three distinguishable states of the molecular anion. Hopping rates for [1].2DMF(crystal) and [1].yMeCN(powder) have been determined from spectral simulations, based on stochastic line shape theory. Analysis of the temperature dependences of the transfer rates reveals the existence of thermally activated processes between (quasi) degenerate excited states in both forms. The preexponential factors in the rate law for the hopping processes in the [1].yMeCN(powder) and [1].2DMF(crystal) differ dramatically and suggest an important influence of the asymmetry of the complex environment (crystal) on intramolecular electron hopping. The differences between the spectra for the crystalline sample [1].xMeCN and those for powders generated under vacuum from these crystals indicate that solvate depletion has a profound effect on the dynamic behavior. Finally, two interpretations for the three states involved in the relaxation processes in 1 are given and critically discussed (salmp = bis(salicyledeneamino)-2-methylphenolate(3-)).
Mobilizing Interest: The Effects of Money on Citizen Participation in State Supreme Court Elections

In this article, we investigate one highly significant aspect of the role of money in judicial elections: whether campaign spending increases citizen participation in the recruitment and retention of judges. Specifically, by using a two-stage modeling strategy that allows us to separate the effects of challengers from the effects of money, we assess whether relatively expensive campaigns improve the chances that citizens will vote in the 260 supreme court elections held from 1990 through 2004 in 18 states using partisan or nonpartisan elections to staff the high court bench. We find that increased spending significantly improves citizen participation in these races. Whether measured as the overall spending in each election or in per capita terms, greater spending facilitates voting. We conclude, contrary to conventional wisdom about the deleterious effects of money in judicial elections, that by stimulating mass participation and giving voters greater ownership in the outcomes of these races, expensive campaigns strengthen the critical linkage between citizens and the bench and enhance the quality of democracy.
Seeking ABET accreditation for technical communication programs

Following up on an initial presentation at IPCC 97, the paper discusses the progress made on the issues of accrediting academic degree programs under ABET. IEEE is one of the sponsoring agencies of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), which accredits engineering degree programs. The Professional Communication Society plays a pivotal role in describing standards for ABET accreditation under the RAC commission (engineering-related programs). Discussion centers on the accreditation standards, showing how the criteria have been described and how sample programs could meet the criteria. The paper presents the advantages of accreditation for academic programs, for graduates of these programs, and for the industries that hire technical communicators. Additionally, discussion shows how accreditation has the potential to affect the development of the profession.
Gene Conservation among Endospore-Forming Bacteria Reveals Additional Sporulation Genes in Bacillus subtilis

The capacity to form endospores is unique to certain members of the low-G+C group of Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) and requires signature sporulation genes that are highly conserved across members of distantly related genera, such as Clostridium and Bacillus. Using gene conservation among endospore-forming bacteria, we identified eight previously uncharacterized genes that are enriched among endospore-forming species. The expression of five of these genes was dependent on sporulation-specific transcription factors. Mutants of none of the genes exhibited a conspicuous defect in sporulation, but mutants of two, ylxY and ylyA, were outcompeted by a wild-type strain under sporulation-inducing conditions, but not during growth. In contrast, a ylmC mutant displayed a slight competitive advantage over the wild type specific to sporulation-inducing conditions. The phenotype of a ylyA mutant was ascribed to a defect in spore germination efficiency. This work demonstrates the power of combining phylogenetic profiling with reverse genetics and gene-regulatory studies to identify unrecognized genes that contribute to a conserved developmental process.
Nucleon scattering with Higgsino and W-ino cold dark matter

Neutralinos that are mostly W-ino or Higgsino are shown to be compatible with the recent DAMA annual modulation signal. The nucleon scattering rates for these dark matter candidates are typically an order of magnitude above the oft-considered B-ino. Although thermal evolution of Higgsino and W-ino number densities in the early universe implies that they are not viable dark matter candidates, nonthermal sources, such as from gravitino or moduli decay in anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking, suggest that they can be the dominant source of cold dark matter. Their stealthiness at high energy colliders gives even more impetus to analyze nucleon scattering detection methods. We also present calculations for their predicted scattering rate with germanium detectors, which have yet to see evidence of WIMP scattering.
Swarmed Neuro-Artificial Features from Vibration Data for Fault Detection and Isolation

This paper presents a neural network-based approach to create artificial features, defined as computer crafted, data-driven, and possibly without physical interpretation, expanding the number of tools that can be implemented to construct such features. In this work, we applied the approach to the problem of fault detection and isolation. A neural network artificial feature was extracted from vibration data of an accelerometer sensor to monitor, detect, and isolate a crack fault seeded in an intermediate gearbox of a helicopter’s main transmission. Classification accuracies for the artificial feature constructed from raw data were 100% for the training and independent validation sets.
Vector fields, global flows and the calculus of pulses

The point of this paper is to show a remarkable property of functional expansions in the form of iterated integrals in capturing the dynamics of digital computation when realized in the form of pulse/spike–driven controlled smooth dynamical systems. The key features of the structure thus captured by the formalism are (a) the combinatorics of spike trains in various input channels and their effect on the discrete–time dynamics of the realized automaton; and (b) the relative timing precedence of the spike trains in various input channels. We do this by providing globally valid functional expansions for a certain kind of hybrid dynamical system when subject to inputs which resemble pulse trains. We give these functional expansions in the form of a product of a nonlinear holonomy factor and a local Fliess functional expansion. We also obtain a computational scheme to determine the response of finite automata to input sequences, which is meant as a substitute for the naive iteration of the next–state maps. We obtain this by embedding finite automata in suitable controlled dynamical systems on the special orthogonal group. Incidentally, we show that our realization of automata can also be modified to realize hybrid machines in which a finite automaton is interacting with an external system, some of whose analog variables are converted into interspike time-intervals which, in turn, are simultaneously tokenized and acted upon by the modified realization of the finite automaton. The latter is achieved intrinsically by exploiting the dynamics of the realization.
Aspiration Pneumonitis: Risk Factors and Management of the Critically ILL Patient

Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is a significant source of patient morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. Prevention by identifying patients at risk for aspiration and initiating prophylaxis is the most effective method of reducing complications associated with aspiration pneumonitis. H2-receptor antagonists are among the best prophylactic agents because of their efficacy in reducing gastric acidity and their convenience of administration.
Governmentality and Gender Violence in Hawai‘i in Historical Perspective

Although gender violence was not a major public issue in 19th-century Hawai‘i, a substantial number of cases arrived at the lower courts. Offenders were typically prosecuted promptly and punished. Like contemporary legal interventions in gender violence, the punishments were minimal. But unlike contemporary practice, punishments were largely small fines designed to deter quarrelling. There was nothing like the contemporary effort to retrain offenders into more egalitarian conceptions of masculinity. Despite frequent convictions for wife battering, the courts primarily reinforced a notion of marriage as an enduring and sexually exclusive relationship. Judges urged couples to live in peace but made no further efforts to change batterers. This historical study of court records on a small town in Hawai‘i shows that 19th-century punishment focused on maintaining marriages rather than reforming batterers, leaving the patriarchal power of the batterer unchallenged. As this study demonstrates, the shape of legal ...
Effectiveness in project portfolio management: Toward a conceptual definition

While project portfolio management (PPM) has increased its significance in various business contexts, research on effectiveness of PPM is still limited. In fact, PPM effectiveness has not been clearly defined; factors contributing to PPM effectiveness have not been thoroughly investigated; and measurement criteria for PPM effectiveness have not been proposed. The lack of such research has practitioners continuing with a PPM approach that has not been measured as to its effectiveness and impact on business results. As part of a major research initiative, the objective of this study is to develop a conceptual definition of PPM effectiveness. Based on extensive literature review and case study research with three market-leading organizations in the US, the author proposes a definition of PPM effectiveness. After understanding what PPM effectiveness is, practitioners should be able to create organizational conditions that promote PPM.
Three Ways of Thinking “Critically” about the Law

Radical criticisms of liberalism's method of legal adjudication focus on its excessive formalism, its tendency to foster indeterminacy, and its naive maintenance of the separation of political from legal concerns. I examine these arguments as they appear in the work of Carl Schmitt, on the Right, and the Critical Legal Studies (CLS) movement, on the Left. Jurgen Habermas has recently attempted to refute the positions of these most scalding twentieth-century critics of liberal adjudication. I argue that by so extensively engaging these theorists, and in fact liberalism itself, on their own grounds, Habermas has abandoned some of the distinctive strengths of what he previously practiced as a critical social theory in his new reflexive or discourse theory of law.
Colonoscopic Screening of Persons With Suspected Risk Factors far Colon, Cancer: II. Past History of Colorectal Neoplasms

Abstract Colonoscopic screening has been recommended for all persons who have had a colorectal adenoma or carcinoma. Such persons have been assumed to be at increased risk of having additional, asymptomatic colorectal neoplasms, the removal of which would reduce morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer. In this prospective study, initial colonoscopy was performed on 544 asymptomatic subjects with past histories of colorectal index lesions ranging from small tubular adenomas to invasive cancers. In 402 subjects whose worst index lesion was an adenoma, the prevalence of neoplasms detected at colonoscopy; above the reach of the rigid sigmoidoscope, increased with age, male sex, black race, and the number and size of their index adenomas. In 142 subjects whose worst index lesion was invasive cancer, colonoscopy findings were marginally related to age and white race. A subgroup of 133 subjects whose worst index lesion was a single, small (
Free Trade, Imperialism and Unequal Development in the Global Economy, 1800-1950

Free trade between two countries (A and B) concentrates manufacturing, the invisibles (commerce, banking, shipping, insurance), capital, technology, and skills in A, the country that has an initial comparative advantage (however small) in manufacturing. Conversely, the country with a comparative advantage in primary products (B) experiences loss of manufactures, the invisibles, capital, and technology. The opposite impact of free trade on A and B are cumulative, thus leading to growing divergence in levels of development in A and B. If A also colonizes B (made inevitable by A’s growing economic superiority over B), the colonial policy regime it will impose on B is likely to include the following policies: free trade; no other support for manufactures; policies that discriminate against indigenous capital, land-ownership and skills; dismantling of indigenous education systems; neglect of technical improvements in food production; support for technical improvements in production of primary production for exports. In addition, A is also likely to limit or exclude entry into B of capital and skills from third countries. As a result, colonization will add to the immiseration in B that would be produced by free trade.
A role for sweet taste: calorie predictive relations in energy regulation by rats.

Animals may use sweet taste to predict the caloric contents of food. Eating sweet noncaloric substances may degrade this predictive relationship, leading to positive energy balance through increased food intake and/or diminished energy expenditure. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that experiences that reduce the validity of sweet taste as a predictor of the caloric or nutritive consequences of eating may contribute to deficits in the regulation of energy by reducing the ability of sweet-tasting foods that contain calories to evoke physiological responses that underlie tight regulation. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were given differential experience with a sweet taste that either predicted increased caloric content (glucose) or did not predict increased calories (saccharin). We found that reducing the correlation between sweet taste and the caloric content of foods using artificial sweeteners in rats resulted in increased caloric intake, increased body weight, and increased adiposity, as well as diminished caloric compensation and blunted thermic responses to sweet-tasting diets. These results suggest that consumption of products containing artificial sweeteners may lead to increased body weight and obesity by interfering with fundamental homeostatic, physiological processes.
Unsupervised Learning Chinese Sentiment Lexicon from Massive Microblog Data

Analyzing people’s feelings and emotions in social media has become a major concern for both academic researchers and commercial companies. The sentiment lexicon plays a crucial role in the most sentiment analysis applications. However, existing thesaurus based lexicon building methods suffer from the coverage problems when faced with the new words and new meanings in social media. Nowadays, millions of users share their opinions on different aspects of life everyday in microblogs. In this paper, a novel method based on occurrence probability with emoticons is presented to learn the candidate sentiment words from the massive microblog data and the accuracy of the learned lexicon is further improved by using the whole microblog space as the corpus. Extensive experiments were conducted on real world datasets with different topics. The results show that the proposed method is able to extract the emerging words, and learned lexicon outperforms two well-known Chinese lexicons in classifying the sentiments in microblogs.
Zechariah Chafee’s Free Speech Theories

Zechariah Chafee achieved prominence during the post-World War I era, when he forcefully argued for a broader protection of free speech rights. He criticized what he saw to be wartime excesses of the Wilson administration in the civil liberties area, and he tried to steer the courts on a more pro-civil libertarian approach when ruling upon convictions brought under the Espionage and Sedition acts. In so doing, Chafee became the first major American scholar of the First Amendment.
What must research subjects be told regarding the results of completed randomized trials

Federal research regulations require investigators to inform research subjects of "significant new findings developed during the course of the research which may relate to the subject's willingness to continue participation."1 However, the determination of what is, and what is not, relevant to disclose is open to interpretation and potential ethical conflict. The recently reported results of a multi-center randomized Phase III trial (in which the author of this commentary was the principal investigator) examining "maintenance/consolidation therapy" of advanced ovarian cancer provide a poignant example of the complexity of this fundamental issue."
Connecting Dental Education to Other Health Professions

The health care delivery system is poised for substantial change in the coming years. The foremost vector driving this change is economics. However, use of evidence-based principles of practice and a high desire, if not a national mandate, for increased quality in health care delivery are also very important factors. Nestled within this large national health care debate are a set of issues that directly impact dental education and practice. Among them is the potential impact of expanded intraprofessional and interprofessional collaborations among dentists, dental therapists, dental hygienists, and nurse practitioners, among others, in search of better oral and general health care for all Americans. This article explores many of the issues involved in this possible transition with special reference to the impact of the changes on dental education.
Conservativeness in Failure Probability Estimate: Redesign Risk vs. Performance

Being conservative is in the nature of engineering design in order to compensate for uncertainty. Traditionally in the deterministic design approach, the level of conservativeness has not been a major concern for manufacturers in aerospace since it is defined and strictly required by the regulators as factors of safety. However, once a probabilistic design approach comes into play, the selection of conservativeness of probability of failure estimate considering epistemic uncertainty is an inevitable issue because conservativeness penalizes system performance. This paper investigates the tradeoff between performance and risk in development (redesign after certification test), to which regulators do not pay much attention. We conduct the study in the context of risk aversion of expected utility theory. With a practical design problem, a thermal protection system, it is shown that the level of risk aversion of the decision maker is not the key driver of the conservativeness selection, but the severity of redesign cost is. On top of that, the study reveals that expected utility theory may give unreasonable solutions if the level of risk aversion is set too high.
Locke's Theological Project: Making Religion Safe for Political Life

John Locke’s writings related to religion can be divided into ‘public’ writings which regard the relationship between religion and politics and ‘private’ writings which regard personal religious belief. Political theorists have given significant attention to Locke’s ‘public’ writings on religion, but very little attention to his ‘private’ writings on religious belief. This paper examines those theological writings of Locke – especially The Reasonableness of Christianity – and argues that Locke’s aim in these writings is to reform Christian theology so that it is compatible with limited and stable political order.
Characterizations of the Connected Forcing Number of a Graph.

Zero forcing is a dynamic graph coloring process whereby a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to be colored. This forcing process has been used to approximate certain linear algebraic parameters, as well as to model the spread of diseases and information in social networks. In this paper, we introduce and study the connected forcing process -- a restriction of zero forcing in which the initially colored set of vertices induces a connected subgraph. We show that the connected forcing number -- the cardinality of the smallest initially colored vertex set which forces the entire graph to be colored -- is a sharp upper bound to the maximum nullity, path cover number, and leaf number of the graph. We also give closed formulas and bounds for the connected forcing numbers of several families of graphs including trees, hypercubes, and flower snarks, and characterize graphs with extremal connected forcing numbers.
TiO2 Surface Modifications for Light Modulated Control of Flow Velocity

Controlling flow in microchannels is an important part of microfluidics. TiO2 is a direct semiconductor that exhibits a change in surface charge upon irradation with UV light. We have exploited this phenomenon to control flow in micro channels. Light is used to modulate bulk and local velocities. The bulk velocity was measured using current monitoring techniques in the presence and absence of UV irradiation in different buffer solutions. The largest velocity change was observed at 4.7 pH with smaller changes observed at higher and lower pH values. A preliminary demonstration of localized flow control is also presented.
Neurohumoral Aspects of Heart Failure

Understanding the possible role of neurohormonal mechanisms in patients with heart failure has begun to alter the way in which clinicians are likely to approach the management of these patients. Abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure can no longer be explained only on the basis of hemodynamic changes; they should also include an assessment of the neurohormonal activation. It is highly likely that, in patients with progressive deterioration in cardiac function, the critical interaction between neurohormonal mechanisms and hemodynamic changes leads to the progression of this clinical syndrome.
A New Instrument for the Management of Shoulder Dystocia

Shoulder dystocia is a serious obstetric complication and remains an enigma to most obstetricians. Because of its rarity (1:10 000), improvements in management can hardly be gained through the experience of a single individual. However, a new obstetric instrument (shoulder horn) has been developed by the author that may prove to be of value in the management of shoulder dystocia by forming a channel which facilitates delivery of the anterior shoulder with minimal trauma.
Experiences of High-Ability High School Students: A Case Study.

This study attempted to answer the question, “To what extent do 12th-grade high-ability students feel that their past educational experiences, particularly in high school, have challenged their academic abilities?” Much research has been conducted in the field of gifted education about the identification, social and emotional characteristics, and educational needs of gifted students. However, little research has focused on how students themselves feel about the rigor and value of their educational experiences. This case study involved three high school seniors identified as high ability and enrolled in an Advanced Placement Language and Composition course in Indiana. Learning how these students feel about their experiences should help inform educators’ decisions regarding programming options, instructional methods, and differentiation strategies for high-ability students in Indiana.
Comparison of Top Round Steaks Cooked by Microwave-Convection, Forced-Air Convection and Conventional Ovens

AbstractThis study compared microwave-convection, forced-air convection and conventional electric ovens as to time and energy requirements, uniformity of cooking, and effect on cooking losses, sensory characteristics, moisture, fat, thiamin and riboflavin content of top round beef steaks. Sensory evaluation indicated no significant difference in juiciness; tenderness, including number of chews; intensity of beef flavor; and external color of the steaks cooked by the three ovens. Also, moisture, fat, thiamin and riboflavin content of the meat did not differ among treatments. Total cooking losses and percentage evaporation were greater (P<0.05) for steaks cooked in the microwave-convection oven than for those cooked by the other two methods. Drip losses were greater (P<0.05) with the microwave-convection than with the forced-air convection method of cooking top round beef steaks. The least total cooking time was required for the microwave-convection oven and the most for the forced-air convection oven. On a...
Outcomes after surgical salvage for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objective Compare human papillomavirus (HPV) status and outcomes in patients undergoing salvage surgical resection for a recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods Case series with chart review (2005–2013). Results Sixty-nine patients were identified who underwent salvage surgical resection for a recurrent OPSCC after primary radiation therapy. There was no difference in the incidence of HPV negative (52%; n = 36) and HPV positive (48%; n = 33) tumors. The mean time from completion of radiation therapy to salvage surgery was 2.4 years. At the time of salvage operation, there was no correlation with HPV status, as assessed by p16 immunohistochemistry, and lymph node metastases (p = 0.21), T classification (p = 0.22), tracheostomy dependence (p = 0.59), gastrostomy tube dependence (p = 0.82), or duration from radiation therapy (p = 0.63). The majority of patients were either current or former tobacco users (75%) and of the HPV positive patients, 66% were tobacco users. Development of a new recurrence after salvage surgical resection occurred in 33% of patients (n = 26), with a higher incidence in patients with HPV negative disease (52%, n = 17/33; p = 0.05). The overall 2- and 5-year survival rates were 0.47 and 0.23. There was no difference in overall survival rates when stratified by HPV status or tobacco use. Decreased overall 5-year survival rates did correlate with cervical lymph node metastases (p = 0.01), advanced tumor stage (p = 0.04) and dependence on gastrostomy tube postoperatively (p = 0.04). Conclusions This study found cervical lymph node metastases, clinical stage, and dependence on gastrostomy tube for nutrition to have the greatest impact on overall survival for patients with recurrent OPSCC.
Multi-scale reconstruction of crop canopy

We present methods for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a crop canopy from multi-scale measured data and a method for verifying the accuracy of these reconstructed canopies. The validation method aims to give a quantitative evaluation to these reconstruction methods and reconstructed canopies, because different reconstruction methods use different data and also involve different time and labor costs for measuring data from real crops. Our reconstruction methods include reconstruction from digitized feature points of the crops, reconstruction by combining digitized feature points and scanned leaf mesh, and reconstruction from statistical models of morphological structure about the crops. Projected area (from different viewpoints) of the reconstructed crops 3D canopy was used as the key factor for verifying the accuracy of the reconstructed models. We concluded that reconstruction from digitizing characteristic points and scanned leaf mesh will obtain favorable result with low time and labor costs for measuring data.
The weight of racism: Vigilance and racial inequalities in weight-related measures

Abstract In the United States, racial/ethnic inequalities in obesity are well-documented, particularly among women. Using the Chicago Community Adult Health Study, a probability-based sample in 2001–2003 (N = 3105), we examined the roles of discrimination and vigilance in racial inequalities in two weight-related measures, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), viewed through a cultural racism lens. Cultural racism creates a social environment in which Black Americans bear the stigma burden of their racial group while White Americans are allowed to view themselves as individuals. We propose that in this context, interpersonal discrimination holds a different meaning for Blacks and Whites, while vigilance captures the coping style for Blacks who carry the stigma burden of the racial group. By placing discrimination and vigilance within the context of cultural racism, we operationalize existing survey measures and utilize statistical models to clarify the ambiguous associations between discrimination and weight-related inequalities in the extant literature. Multivariate models were estimated for BMI and WC separately and were stratified by gender. Black women had higher mean BMI and WC than any other group, as well as highest levels of vigilance. White women did not show an association between vigilance and WC but did show a strong positive association between discrimination and WC. Conversely, Black women displayed an association between vigilance and WC, but not between discrimination and WC. These results demonstrate that vigilance and discrimination may hold different meanings for obesity by ethnoracial group that are concealed when all women are examined together and viewed without considering a cultural racism lens.
Neonatal Discontinuation Syndrome in Serotonergic Antidepressant-Exposed Neonates.

Objective To determine whether infants exposed in utero to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants or a DSM-IV-TR-defined mood disorder have significantly more neonatal discontinuation signs compared to an unexposed group of infants at 2-4 weeks after birth. Methods This secondary analysis was derived from 2 observational studies with enrollment from July 2000 to December 2011 in Cleveland, Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Mothers (n = 214) belonged to one of 3 groups based on exposure status during pregnancy: (1) Comparison-women who did not take psychotropics during pregnancy and had no major mood disorder; (2) SRI-exposed-women with a mood disorder who were taking an SRI but no benzodiazepines; and (3) Mood Disorder-women with depression or bipolar disorder who did not take psychotropic medications. The infants were examined for signs according to the Finnegan Scale by evaluators blind to maternal exposure status. Results The rates of sign presence (defined as a score ≥ 2 on the Finnegan Scale) in the SRI, Mood Disorder, and Comparison groups were similar at 34.1%, 35.1%, and 30.4%, respectively. Women in the SRI group had a significantly higher preterm birth rate (24.4%) compared to the other 2 groups (7.4% and 8.9% in the Mood Disorder and Comparison groups, respectively; P = .012). Preterm newborns had a significantly higher sign rate compared to full-term newborns (54% vs 31%, P = .020). We observed a significant relationship between Finnegan signs and preterm birth. Conclusions The presence of neonatal signs at 2-4 weeks was more closely associated with prematurity than with in utero SRI or mood disorder exposure. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00279370 and NCT00585702.
Abstract A42: The role of M1 and M2 macrophage in the cycling phase of breast cancer

Breast cancer malignancy is the second leading cause of death among women. The majority of deaths associated with cancer, from solid tumors are the result of metastasis and not from the primary tumor site Clinical evidence indicates that breast cancer (BC) cells (BCC) can exist in dormancy within the bone marrow (BM), for >10 years. Methods by which BCCs adapt dormancy as well as reversed dormancy into metastatic cells are highly significant for the development of new and safe therapies. This research focuses on the BM because it is the preferred organ for dormant BCCs. Furthermore, in several cases, the BM has been identified as a source of BCCs during clinical resurgence. A subset of BCCs with tumor initiating property (cancer stem cells, CSCs) has been identified as those responsible for dormancy and chemoresistance. We will take advantage of our working hierarchy of BCCs to determine how M2 macrophage (MΦ) facilitates dormancy or clinical resurgence into metastatic cells. The mechanisms by which dormancy occurs followed by later resurgence into metastatic role for the BM microenvironment to facilitate CSC dormancy. CSCs can form gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) with stroma, by release of miRNA, which induces cycling quiescence. MΦ are classified into two subsets, either M1 or M2 type. M1 are mostly pro-inflammatory (classically activated to kill microorganisms and tumor cells), while M2 are non-inflammatory (alternatively activated to promote tissue repair). M2 MΦ is one cell type that comprises the stromal compartment inside the BM hematopoietic microenvironment. We studied how activated MSCs can influence M1 or M2 polarization. Our supporting studies indicate that M2 MΦ can arrest BCCs in G1/G0, while M1 MΦ can induce cell cycle progression. Activated MSCs transitioned M2 into M1 phenotype whereas inactivated MSCs maintains M2 MΦ phenotype. Here we present how the transitional changes in M2 to M1 MΦ affect the behavior of the CSCs within the BM stromal compartment. Citation Format: Nykia D. Walker, Michael Elias, Steve Greco, Pranela Rameshwar. The role of M1 and M2 macrophage in the cycling phase of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A42.
Overview: Progress in Insect Neuroanatomy

Over the last several years, there have been fundamental changes in approaches to insect neuroscience that have blurred the distinctions between neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and neurophysiology. As is made evident by the work presented throughout this volume, many recent advances in insect neuroscience have stemmed from the convergence of objectives in these three fields: the acquisition of comprehensive anatomical, biochemical, and physiological profiles of individual neurons as well as small systems of functionally related neurons. Recent progress toward this end has been fueled by extensive application of immunochemistry to the study of insect nervous systems. The papers presented herein reveal aspects of the anatomy and biochemistry of both new and previously identified neurons and neurosecretory sites by means of immunocytochemistry. Moreover, the physiology of several of the neurosecretory sites was probed through immunochemical or biochemical detection of neurosecretion. Finally, as indicated by the work presented in this volume, recent progress in insect neuroanatomy has also provided insights into nervous system organization, clues to the development and differentiation of nerve cells, information on comparative aspects of neuropeptide distribution, and indications of the anatomical and neurochemical complexity of insect central and peripheral nervous systems. These principal trends in insect neuroanatomy are elaborated here.
Quaternized Q-PEIPAAm-Based Antimicrobial Reverse Thermal Gel: A Potential for Surgical Incision Drapes

A quaternized reverse thermal gel (RTG) aimed at replacing current surgical incision drapes (SIDs) was designed and characterized. The antimicrobial efficacy of the quaternized RTG was analyzed usi...
Design Optimization of a Conical Annular Centrifugal Contractor

The present work is concerned with a numerical study of the performance of a conical annular centrifugal contractor through the analysis of the flow properties when the apex angle is changed for different imposed axial flows. The calculations revealed the advantage of using conical annular centrifugal contractors compared to the cylindrical annular centrifuges. The study is conducted by a comparison analysis of the hydrodynamics of fluid flow in both conical and cylindrical contractors where moderate axial flows are imposed. In both systems the outer body is stationary while the inner rotor is maintained at constant speed. The calculations are achieved by a finite differences formulation using the Simplified Marker and Cell algorithm.
1022-LB: Uncovering the Mecanisms of high rate of clinical rejection of Kidney Transplant in HIV Patients

Aim This study aims to uncover the mechanisms that explain the unexpectedly high rate of clinical rejection of kidney transplant in HIV patients. If confirmed, the results will open a new era in the Art and Science of transplantation, and might have the potential to change the way we treat and prevent clinical rejection in allogenic kidney transplant in particular, and the whole transplant thinking about immunosuppression, in general. Methods From 2005 to 2010, seventeen patients with HIV disease have received a kidney transplant at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital. We have diagnosed eight patients with at least one episode of clinical rejection, a rate overwhelmingly higher than the standard 7% usually recorded for this institution. The immunosuppression regimen used for those patients is a steroid free protocol and is no different from the regimen utilized in the general population of our kidney transplants patients, including thymoglobuline / daclizumab boost as induction preventative treatment , and immunosuppresion maintenance regimen with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil. We then analyze the immunologic profile of every patient included in the study, as well as the tacrolimus level pattern in those particular patients receiving antiretroviral medicine. Results All episodes of clinical rejection were successfully rescued with intravenous methylprednisolone, and addition of oral steroids in the maintenance regimen. Despite the inherently crippled immunologic status of HIV patients, they are still able to mount enough lymphocytic reaction in order to fight the transplanted kidney. We think that the swings in immunosuppresion level may be a strong factor in the occurrence of clinical rejection of the allograft.
Drug Clearance on ECMO and Dialysis/CRRT

Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the pediatric, and particularly neonatal, population to support patients with cardiopulmonary failure has become increasingly commonplace over the past two decades. However, there has been a relative paucity of research into the effects of ECMO on drug metabolism and elimination in children. Extracorporeal clearance of medications imparts a significant clinical challenge to the medical team caring for critically ill children, particularly with acute kidney injury (AKI). Rational drug dosing in this situation requires knowledge of multiple properties of the specific medication, modality of renal supportive therapy (RST), dialysis membrane characteristics and the dialysis dose. However, minimal in vitro or in vivo measured pharmacokinetic data exist for cardiovascular drugs in the setting of pediatric RST. Given these tenants, frequent monitoring of drug levels and therapeutic effects are recommended to ensure proper dosing in the child receiving ECMO support.