cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of personal purpose and personal goals in symbiotic visions.

It is believed that symbiotic visions can drive employees and organizations toward a common objective based on the premise that people have a high level of self-motivation and engagement when they are working toward something very personal. The field of organizational development has been aspiring to help organizations and people align their visions for decades without much, if any, empirical support for the role of personal purpose and goals in the symbiotic relationship with a company vision. This qualitative study examines the role personal purpose and goals play in how high performing leaders align to their company’s vision. Whether and how senior managers articulate this alignment, and its correlation to their motivation and engagement, was examined. An observation was that most senior managers within organizations with a well-developed and widely known higher purpose vision are driven by something personal, identified as either personal goals or a personal purpose. One of the key findings is that personal purpose and goals, when aligned to a company vision, appear to impact motivation and engagement in different ways. When alignment is felt through the sense of the greater purpose, there is a deep, almost spiritual, commitment to making the world a better place and helping the organization contribute to that. This seems to motivate them to guide the organization towards its higher purpose vision. When alignment is felt through the organization’s alignment to one’s personal goals, there is a great sense of commitment to completing the steps or tasks necessary to move toward the vision, yet a clear delineation between work and life ambitions.
Effect of curvature in the numerical simulation of an electrothermal de-icer pad

A finite element method, which incorporates an assumed phase state technique, is presented for the solution of one- and two-dimensional heat conduction problems with phase change. A simulation of an electrothermal de-iced aircraft surface is made using this method. The major interest of this study is the effect of the surface curvature on the numerical results. Comparison of predicted temperatures within a rectangular simulation and those within an airfoil reveals the extent and importance of modeling curvature effects. When surface curvature is less than 0.25, curvature effects may be neglected and a rectangular shape may be used instead of the actual geometry.
A 12b ENOB, 2.5MHz-BW, 4.8mW VCO-based 0–1 MASH ADC with direct digital background nonlinearity calibration

A direct digital background calibration technique to correct nonlinearity errors in VCO-based 0–1 MASH ΣΔ ADCs is presented. The proposed technique altogether corrects VCO gain error, nonlinearity, and capacitor mismatch of the residue generating DAC. It improves SNDR of the prototype ADC from 60dB to 73.4dB in 2.5MHz signal bandwidth. The ADC consumes 4.8mW from 1.8V supply in 180nm CMOS. The measured convergence time is only 64ms.
Wealth Defense and the Limits of Liberal Democracy

Extreme wealth stratification is the single most enduring social pattern across all polities from Mesopotamia to the present – rarely interrupted, and then only for brief periods. Ironically, market democracies have achieved some of the highest degrees of wealth inequality in history, a pattern which stands as an indictment of liberal democracy itself. Sustaining extreme material inequality is neither easy nor automatic. It requires constant and active strategies of wealth defense by the rich, including using their money to hire protective services (which in the 20th century took the form of a specialized Wealth Defense Industry). An important transformation over the centuries was the movement of violence out of the hands of the rich in exchange for their support for impersonal institutions of coercion whose first priority has been the defense of property rights that make great fortunes viable politically. This paper focuses on the changing politics and power that undergird wealth stratification. The analysis takes a deep historical view of the social tensions inherent in wealth concentration, starting with the origins of wealth inequality, and continuing with a discussion of the strategies and politics of wealth defense as personal fortunes grew in scale and as threats and predations multiplied. The second half of the paper focuses on the modern era through an examination of the United States from the 1780s to the present. The emphasis is on material stratification, the wealth threats rich Americans have faced, and how wealth defense has been achieved over the centuries. The U.S. case demonstrates that for democracy and extreme wealth stratification to be compatible, democracy must first be structurally impaired and ideologically reframed to hinder egalitarian impulses from becoming government policy.
Grain-boundary metastability and its statistical properties

Abstract Grain-boundary (GB) structure and properties are usually analyzed in terms of ground-state (minimum-energy) GB states. However, global equilibrium is rarely achieved in materials. In this paper, we investigate the nature of GB metastability and its impact on material properties. Higher-energy GB states can be the result of nonequilibrium processes or simply thermal excitations. While the existence of limited GB metastability is widely known for a few simple GBs, we demonstrate that the multiplicity of metastable GB states is, in general, very large. This conclusion is based upon extensive atomistic bicrystal simulations for both symmetric tilt GBs and twist GBs in three very different materials. The energies of these GB states are densely distributed so that the dependence of the GB energy on misorientation is better described as an energy band rather than as a single curve as in the traditional picture. Based upon the distribution of metastable GB states, we introduce a GB statistical-mechanics picture and apply it to predict finite-temperature equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties. When GB multiplicity exists, GB structures can be thought of as domains of different GB states separated by various classes of line defects. The existence of a large set of metastable GB states, very close in energy, suggests an analogy between the behaviors of GBs and glasses and implies the potential for GB engineering.
Stress Corrosion Testing of 5083 Aluminum

Abstract The stress corrosion susceptibility of thermomechanically processed 5083 aluminum-magnesium alloy was determined in a 3.5 Wt% sodium chloride environment. Alternate immersion C-ring and co...
MENTOR: INTEGRATION OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM WITH A HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM.

The MENTOR system is designed to address the problem of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients by monitoring their drug therapy. It combines the automated collection of data with the complex reasoning processes of expert systems into a computer system for continuously monitoring therapeutic interventions for hospitalized patients. it implements a patient monitoring cycle that follows and evaluates the treatment of individual patients and provides appropriate advisory messages to physicians and other health care professionals. At any point in time, the set of events of interest to the MENTOR system for a specific patient is determined by his or her current drug therapy, surgical procedures and laboratory tests. The MENTOR system builds a dynamic profile of these events for each patient that determines what types of monitoring will be done as well as when and what types of evaluation will be carried out each time an event is detected. The system's knowledge base currently deals with: a) Aminoglycosides, b) Surgical Prophylaxis, c) Digoxin, and d) Blood Culture Results. MENTOR is undergoing an extensive validation process using both constructed cases and cases drawn from charts from the University of Maryland Medical System to test the knowledge base.
MODELING LASER IGNITION AND HEAT PROPAGATION IN NANOCOMPOSITE THERMITES

Nanocomposite energetic materials are a mixture of nano-scale fuel and oxidizer particles. When these compositions are ignited, reactions are highly exothermic and can exhibit widely tunable energy release rates. These materials show great potential as igniters, propellants and for energy generation applications. However an understanding of the ignition and thermal propagation of these materials has not been fully developed. The objective of this study is to model the heat transfer in a composite energetic material and identify the influence of particle size on the ignition energy, time and temperature. A two-dimensional, transient numerical model is described for the radiant heating and subsequent combustion. The numerical model is based on finite difference nodal equations and is calculated in terms of thermal resistances and capacitances. Boundary conditions are predetermined, including a laser energy source applied to a single surface. Interstitial heat generation is based on laser absorption and chemical kinetics. The effect of particle size on the transient heating and energy release rate has also been considered. The model uses a 250 W CO 2 laser to ignite a Magnesium/ Sodium-Nitrate pyrotechnic sample. Results also show the 2-D nature of heat propagation that results from the Gaussian energy distribution from the laser beam.
The Social Construction of Reality in Marriage; An Empirical Investigation

A marriage is not a concrete reality that necessarily reveals itself to husband and wife in the same form. It is a history of actions and interactions, combined with mutual expectations based on that history and on broader cultural norms and values. It is therefore possible for the husband's and wife's perceptions of and reports about the marriage to differ. Using a national random telephone sample of 680 married couples, we test four hypotheses concerning the sources of disagreement in the husband's and wife's reports of decision making and housework: (1) The more dissimilar the sociodemographic backgrounds of husband and wife, the more dissimilar their reports; (2) The shorter the marriage, the more dissimilar their reports; (3) The fewer children they have, the more dissimilar their reports; (4) The extent and nature of dissimilarity in their reports depends on the nature of the objects of the reports. Our results support the fourth hypothesis but not the first three. We argue that differences appear t...
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF 205 CASES OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER

Early gastric cancer was statistically examined in 205 cases consisting of 93 cases of m cancer and 112 cases of sm cancer treated in our hospital over the last 9 years. Early gastric cancer accounted for 33.2% of all resected cases of gastric cancer, showing a tendency to increase in number annually. The mean age of the patients was 59.1 years, and the male-female ratio was 2.25:1. Average maximum tumor diameter was 3.28 cm, and approximately 70% of them were differentiated carcinoma. The tumors, which were mostly of depressed type, were found to develop frequently in the M and A regions as well as in the lesser curvature. Rates of lymph node metastasis, lymphatic vessel invasion and venous invasion were 7.8%, 13.7% and 2.4%, respectively. Cases of sm cancer showed a significantly larger maximum tumor diameter, a smaller proportion of sig type and a larger proportion of por type than m cancer. It also presented higher rates of lymph node metastasis and lymphatic vessel invasion in comparison with m cancer. Patients with sm cancer of the lesser curvature, intermediate type, ly (+) type or v (+) type tended to show a significantly high rate of lymph node metastasis. However, no positive conditions indicating reduced lymph node dissection were found. It can be said that, at present, dissection of the group 2 lymph nodes is necessary in the treatment of early gastric cancer, so that further studies on clinical cases should be done to resolve the above question.
Clinical Workflow Analysis, Process Redesign, and Quality Improvement

Healthcare workflow is driven by individual, organizational, and societal factors. The resulting complexity and high variability make it challenging to examine workflow in healthcare delivery settings. In this chapter, the authors introduce relevant theories, frameworks, principles, tools, and techniques to guide both (a) workflow examination and (b) systematic organizational interventions for workflow redesign. These theories, frameworks, principles, tools, and techniques can be applied to diverse settings to improve the quality and safety of healthcare delivery.
Studies using IPS cells support a possible link between ZIKA and microcephaly

There is a suspected link between Brazilian babies born with microcephaly and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. However, little is know about the brain cell targets and the mechanisms that Zika virus may cause microcephaly. A recent report demonstrated that Zika virus infection increases cell death and dysregulates cell-cycle, resulting in attenuated human neural progenitor cells growth. This study fills a major gap and serves as an entry point to establish a mechanistic link between Zika infection and microcephaly.
Research on the Specification of Data Interchange Base on Data Element

According to the difficulties of data interchange between information systems with heterogeneous data,using the data element theory to constitute a specification which is based on data element,unified and reusable,and make the data interchange between heterogeneous information systems more effective with the specification.
Current concepts for PrEP adherence in the PrEP revolution: from clinical trials to routine practice.

Purpose of reviewThe review describes the current understanding of adherence to oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), methods for adherence measurement, approaches to supporting PrEP adherence, and guidance for defining PrEP adherence goals within the larger context of HIV prevention.Recent findingsP
cDNA structure, tissue-specific expression, and chromosomal localization of the murine band 7.2b gene.

Band 7.2b is an integral phosphoprotein absent from the erythrocyte membranes of patients with hydrocytosis, an autosomal, dominantly inherited, hemolytic anemia characterized by stomatocytic red blood cells with abnormal permeability to Na+ and K+. The role of this protein in the erythrocyte membrane is not well understood. To gain additional insight into the structure and function of this protein, we have cloned the murine band 7.2b cDNA and studied its tissue-specific expression. 2,873 bp of cDNA with an open reading frame of 852 bp were isolated. This fragment encodes a protein of 284 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 31 kD. The band 7.2b gene had a wide pattern of expression, with high levels of mRNA in heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and testis and low levels in lung, brain, and spleen. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, the murine band 7.2b gene was mapped to chromosome 2, at the border of the distal region of 2B and proximal region of C1, syntenic to 9q33-q34, the location of the human homologue. Models of the predicted protein structure showed a short NH2- terminal head, a strongly hydrophobic 28-amino acid stretch presumably encoding a single membrane-spanning domain, and a large domain composed of beta sheet and alpha helix. Database searching showed no significant homology of other known proteins to murine or human band 7.2b.
Long-Term Sequelae of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Insulin resistance is associated with reproductive abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) including hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, as well as long-term risk for developing diabetes and most likely also for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and endometrial cancer. There is emerging evidence of increased subclinical CVD in women with PCOS. But it may not be apparent until the perimenopause. Currently there are scant data that markers of insulin resistance predict response to treatment. Therefore, the role of these markers in selecting and following response to specific treatments is uncertain.
Adenovirus Early Proteins and Host Sumoylation

The human adenovirus genome is transported into the nucleus, where viral gene transcription, viral DNA replication, and virion assembly take place. Posttranslational modifications by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, particularly nuclear events. It is not surprising, therefore, that adenovirus modulates and utilizes the host sumoylation system. Adenovirus early proteins play an important role in establishing optimal host environments for virus replication within infected cells by stimulating the cell cycle and counteracting host antiviral defenses. Here, we review findings on the mechanisms and functional consequences of the interplay between human adenovirus early proteins and the host sumoylation system.
Scalable Regioselective Synthesis of Rhodamine Dyes

A one-step, operationally simple protocol for the synthesis of isomerically pure rhodamine dyes from phthalaldehydic acids is reported. Using a mixture of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and water as reaction media allows for clean and efficient formation of various rhodamines as a single isomer. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of several isomerically pure rhodamines, including 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine and 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (6-CXR) on gram scale. A simple, one-step, Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation approach to phthalaldehydic acids from appropriately substituted dihalobenzadehydes is also described.
Chemically Modulated Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of MOF-74(Ni) and Preparation of Metal–Organic Framework-Matrix Based Membranes for Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media

In this study, microwaves and chemical modulators were used in combination to improve the uniformity of synthesized MOF-74(Ni) materials. A segmented flow, microwave-assisted reactor was used where rapid nucleation in the microwave zone was separated from growth processes in an oil bath. High temperatures in the microwave zone induce fast nucleation, which can result in the formation of polydisperse products through agglomeration that reduces the available surface area. Benzoic acid was used as a chemical modulator where higher benzoic acid to Ni2+ concentration ratios resulted in a substantial increase in apparent reaction activation energies for short reaction times (∼1 s). Optimization of the synthetic process resulted in MOF-74(Ni) particles with high crystallinity, high surface area, and narrow particle size distributions. These synthesized MOF-74(Ni) particles were used to prepare metal–organic framework-Nafion matrix based membranes to investigate the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions wi...
An experimental test of the Bridges to High School intervention on harsh parenting and early age intercourse among Mexican American adolescents.

OBJECTIVE Can an intervention that contained no content on sex or contraception reduce rates of early-age intercourse among Mexican American adolescents? The current study examined whether the Bridges to High School intervention designed, in part, to decrease harsh parenting, had a longitudinal effect on decreasing rates of early-age intercourse in the treatment versus control groups, as well as the moderating role of gender and linguistic acculturation. METHOD The sample consisted of 516 Mexican American adolescents (Mage = 12.31 years; 50.8% female) and their mothers who participated in a randomized, intervention trial. A series of longitudinal, meditational path models were used to examine the effects of the intervention on harsh parenting practices and early-age intercourse. RESULTS Our findings revealed that participation in the treatment versus control group was indirectly linked to a lower likelihood of early-age intercourse through decreased maternal harsh parenting. Tests of mediation were significant. These findings did not vary across gender and linguistic acculturation. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the Bridges to High School intervention successfully decreased early-age intercourse among Mexican American adolescents through reduced harsh parenting among mothers. This finding is consistent with positive youth development programs that have been found to have broad, and sometimes nontargeted, effects on adolescent sexual behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record
FROM ACUTE ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE TO RETURN TO PLAY - A CASE REPORT EVALUATING RECOVERY OF TENDON STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES.

INTRODUCTION Achilles tendon rupture results in significant functional deficits regardless of treatment strategy (surgical versus non-surgical intervention). Recovery post-rupture is highly variable, making comprehensive patient assessment critical. Assessment tools may change along the course of recovery as the patient progresses - for instance, moving from a seated heel-rise to standing heel-rise to jump testing. However, tools that serve as biomarkers for early recovery may be particularly useful in informing clinical decision-making. The purpose of this case report was to describe the progress of a young, athletic individual following Achilles tendon rupture managed non-surgically, using patient reported and functional performance outcome measures and comprehensively evaluating Achilles tendon structure and function incorporating a novel imaging technique (cSWE). SUBJECT DESCRIPTION The subject is a 26 year-old, female basketball coach who sustained an Achilles tendon rupture and was managed non-surgically. OUTCOME The subject was able to steadily progress using a gradual tendon loading treatment approach well-supported by the literature. Multiple evaluative techniques including the addition of diagnostic ultrasound imaging and continuous shear wave elastography (cSWE) to standard clinical tests and measures were used to assess patient-reported symptoms, tendon structure, and tendon functional performance. Five assessments were performed over the course of 2-14 months post-rupture. By the 14-month follow-up, the subject had achieved full self-reported function. Tendon structural and mechanical properties showed similar shear modulus by 14 months, however, viscosity continued to be lower and tendon length longer on the ruptured side. Functional performance, evidenced by the heel-rise test and jump tests, also showed a positive trajectory, however, deficits of 12-28% remained between ruptured and non-ruptured sides at 14 months. DISCUSSION This case report outlines comprehensive outcomes assessment in an athletic individual following non-surgically managed Achilles tendon rupture using a wide variety of tools that capture different aspects of tendon health. Interestingly, the course of recovery of patient symptoms, functional performance, and tendon structure do not occur in the same time frame. Therefore, it is important to assess patient outcomes using multiple outcome measures encompassing different aspects of patient performance to ensure the patient is progressing steadily with rehabilitation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4.
Hyperuniformity of quasicrystals

The authors present a method for characterizing the hyperuniformity (the suppression of density fluctuations at long wavelengths) for quasicrystals (and other structures whose diffraction pattern includes a dense set of Bragg peaks) based on determining the behavior of the integrated spectral intensity $Z$($k$) for small wavenumber $k$. Surprisingly, we find that quasicrystals with peaks at the same wavenumbers $k$ can have different behavior for $Z$($k$) and, hence, qualitatively different degrees of hyperuniformity. This effect has never been explored in the laboratory. The figure shows a one-dimensional example: two ``sidewalks'' with different widths (pitched at an incommensurate angle) built on a lawn with a square crystal pattern of spots. The construction rule is that, every time the sidewalk crosses a spot, the sidewalk slab is cut and a new one begins. This rule guarantees both sidewalks are quasicrystalline. But the upper one (a Fibonacci sidewalk) has a different degree of hyperuniformity than the lower one.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients with light chain deposition disease

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by monotypic immunoglobulin depositions which will eventually lead to loss of organ function if left untreated. While the kidney is almost always affected, the presence and degree of LCDD in other organs vary. Ten to thirty percent of LCDD patients have underlying Multiple Myeloma (MM), yet outcome and prognostic markers in this particular patient group are still lacking. Here, we analyzed 69 patients with MM and biopsy proven LCDD and report on renal and extra-renal involvement and its impact on prognosis as well as renal response depending on hematologic response. Coexisting light chain diseases such as AL amyloid and cast nephropathy were found in 30% of patients; those with LCDD and concurrent amyloid tended to have shorter survival. Cardiac involvement by LCDD was seen in one-third of our patients and was associated with shorter overall survival; such patients also had a significantly higher risk of treatment-related mortality (TRM) after stem cell transplant (SCT) compared to LCDD patients without cardiac involvement. This study highlights that MM patients with LCDD present with different clinical features compared to previously reported LCDD cohorts. Rapid initiation of treatment is necessary to prevent progressive renal disease and worse outcome. Coexisting light chain diseases and cardiac involvement are more common than previously reported and confer worse clinical outcome, emphasizing the need for careful patient careful patient evaluation and treatment selection.
Causes and cures XV: Synthesis and integration

Abstract The past several years have been a landmark moment for violence prevention, with renewed attention on the part of many international agencies, but especially the United Nations, with its adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development . The latter invites the world community to collaborate in an inclusive, long-ranging vision for the future, highlighting our interdependence and collective responsibility for humanity's future. A growing awareness that preventing violence does not just reduce death and disability but promotes creativity, economic growth, and general well-being is at the heart of this “movement”. In the quest for a better understanding of human violence, interest in the issue has swept through multiple fields. An integration of the major disciplines and practical approaches is therefore timely, and for this to occur, we require a broader overview than just the view from within boundaries of existing domains. In this context, this fifteen article series modeled after a Global Health Studies course entitled, “Violence: Causes and Cures,” has reviewed the causes, consequences, and cures of the problem of violence. While knowledge has brought recognition of the magnitude and pervasiveness of violence, it has also generated insight into the much greater power that humanity possesses. At a time when we are reaching a decisive juncture in human history, with military and economic faculties achieving the ability to destroy our world many times over, we also face the urgent and sober task of integrating all our intellect and insight to best confront this enormous challenge called violence.
Long-acting somatostatin analogues in the treatment of unresectable/metastatic neuroendocrine tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a relatively rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms with an annual incidence of ~35 cases per 100,000 people in the United States. The updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification system of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NETs categorizes these tumors according to site of origin, clinical syndrome, and degree of differentiation. Well-differentiated NETs arising from the gastrointestinal tract or lungs (formerly known as carcinoid tumors) are often indolent and slow-growing. In contrast, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are aggressive and have a poor prognosis. Due to their insidious onset, most NETs are diagnosed at an advanced stage and a curative approach is not possible. In these patients, medical therapy is limited to disease control, including relief of symptoms that arise from overproduction of peptide hormones by the tumors. Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) have remained the mainstay of symptoms control. In addition to symptoms control, clinical data also support an anti-proliferative effect of SSAs in patients with well- to moderately differentiated NETs. Long-acting SSAs have greatly facilitated their use. This review will focus on two long-acting SSAs, octreotide LAR and lanreotide, and their use in the clinical setting. Information necessary to assess their relative merits is summarized. We conclude these two therapies are interchangeable making value a very important consideration in their use.
Cloud to Edge: Distributed Deployment of Process-Aware IoT Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates a large number of heterogeneous and pervasive objects that continuously generate information about the physical world. These objects, through standard communication protocols and unique addressing schemes provide services to the final users or systems. IoT is envisioned to bring together billions of devices, also denoted as smart objects, by connecting them in an Internet-like structure, allowing them to communicate and exchange information and to enable new forms of interaction among things and people. Given the distributed nature of IoT applications, it is often the case that the application is modeled, developed and tested on each compute node, and connected to other nodes in the application network for achieving the end result. Therefore the deployment of application is also, more or less, done on each individual compute node. In this paper we propose an approach where the IoT application can be modeled in one place, where after modeling, the different pieces of application are annotated with location information, and based on this annotation, the application is decomposed into fragments that are deployed to corresponding individual compute nodes, automatically generating code to remotely connect the application fragments to other application fragments on other compute nodes in the edge or in the cloud.
Prise en compte de l'anisotropie dans le comportement instantané des géomatériaux pour les calculs d'ouvrages souterrains

Dans le cadre de la gestion des dechets radioactifs dits de moyenne activite a vie longue et de haute activite, la France a fait le choix du stockage geologique profond dans une formation rocheuse situee a l’est du bassin parisien, dans une zone tectoniquement stable. Cette formation d’argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien a ete choisie pour ses proprietes de retention des radionucleides puisqu’elle est tres peu permeable. Un laboratoire de recherche souterrain a ete construit a environ 500 metres de profondeur afin d’etudier in-situ les proprietes de la roche. Il a ete montre que l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien presente une anisotropie liee a sa formation geologique. L’objectif principal de cette these est de pouvoir reproduire le comportement mecanique anisotrope a l’aide d’un modele de comportement elasto-plastique. Le modele de comportement thermo-elasto-viscoplastique et isotrope nomme LKR est la resultante de tout le savoir-faire et l’expertise d’EDF en ce qui concerne le dimensionnement d’ouvrages souterrains. On cherche donc a appliquer une methode de prise en compte de l’anisotropie structurelle caracterisant plusieurs types de geomateriaux dont l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien a ce modele de comportement. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, deux methodes de prise en compte de l’anisotropie developpees dans la litterature scientifique sont appliquees a un modele de Drucker-Prager a ecrouissage lineaire negatif et sont comparees. La premiere methode consiste a introduire un tenseur de microstructure ou de fabrique permettant de definir les orientations preferentielles du materiau. La seconde methode est l’approche par plan de faiblesse qui consiste a decrire le comportement anisotrope du materiau via deux mecanismes distincts, l’un decrivant le comportement de la matrice rocheuse isotrope et l’autre decrivant les plans de faiblesse. C’est par ce deuxieme mecanisme que l’anisotropie est introduite. Ces deux applications ont ete faites dans le logiciel libre de simulation en mecanique, Code Aster, developpe par EDF et ont permis d’apprehender les difficultes numeriques de chacune de ces methodes, et de choisir l’approche la plus pertinente pour l’extension du modele LKR. Ainsi, c’est la methode avec le tenseur de fabrique qui est, dans notre cas, la plus adaptee. Elle a donc ete appliquee au modele LKR. Cette nouvelle extension au modele permet de prendre en compte la dependance a l’orientation du materiau des resistances en compression. Dans ces travaux, on se place dans le cadre de la mecanique des milieux continus. L’anisotropie est introduite seulement dans le mecanisme elasto-plastique du modele de comportement LKR.
Static and dynamic characterization of a GaN-on-GaN 600 V, 2 a vertical transistor

Vertical GaN power semiconductors promise higher power with faster switching speeds but the development of this technology has been slowed. This is due to the expense and lack of familiarity with GaN substrates. This paper will detail the functionality of HRL's cutting-edge vertical GaN transistor which is mounted onto a specially made PCB and tested. The testing consists of a static characterization which shows a breakdown voltage of 600 V, as well as the transfer characteristics, output characteristics, and the on-state resistance with respect to current. The device is then switched at various voltages and currents with voltage switching speeds up to 97 V/ns. The device is successfully switched up to 450 V under a 2 A load current.
Mathematics ability and related skills in preschoolers born very preterm.

Author(s): Hasler, Holly M.; Akshoomoff, Natacha | Abstract: Children born very preterm (VPT) are at risk for academic, behavioral, and/or emotional problems. Mathematics is a particular weakness and better understanding of the relationship between preterm birth and early mathematics ability is needed, particularly as early as possible to aid in early intervention. Preschoolers born VPT (n = 58) and those born full term (FT; n = 29) were administered a large battery of measures within 6 months of beginning kindergarten. A multiple-mediation model was utilized to characterize the difference in skills underlying mathematics ability between groups. Children born VPT performed significantly worse than FT born children on a measure of mathematics ability as well as full scale IQ, verbal skills, visual-motor integration, phonological awareness, phonological working memory, motor skills, and executive functioning. Mathematics was significantly correlated with verbal skills, visual-motor integration, phonological processing, and motor skills across both groups. When entered into the mediation model, verbal skills, visual-motor integration, and phonological awareness were significant mediators of the group differences. This analysis provides insights into the pre-academic skills that are weak in preschoolers born very preterm and their relationship to mathematics. It is important to identify children who will have difficulties as early as possible, particularly for VPT children who are at higher risk for academic difficulties. Therefore, this model may be used in evaluating VPT children for emerging difficulties as well as an indicator that if other weaknesses are found, an assessment of mathematics should be conducted.
How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove–Arrow Framework

This paper evaluates the short- and long-term value of sales representatives’ detailing visits to different types of physicians. By understanding the dynamic effect of sales calls across heterogene...
Research on the design method of railway traction power supply cable under harmonic restraint

The urban rail transit traction power supply cable bears the important tasks such as power connection and power transmission among the main substation, the traction and buck stations. Due to the greater length of the power supply cable, the series parallel resonance problem caused by the charging capacitor is a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the rail transit system. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of power supply and distribution system of urban rail transit system, this paper studies the design and selection of traction power supply cable for urban rail transit under the harmonic constraint. The method can effectively avoid the safety problem of the harmonic series-parallel resonance due to cable charging capacitance in the traction power supply system for urban rail transit users. At the same time, it also has guiding significance for the design of cable length and charging capacity of other power supply and distribution system.
Detection of Damage in Lightning Masts and Loosening of Bolted Connections in Structures Using Changes in Natural Frequencies

As a global structural damage detection method, a vibration-based method that uses changes in natural frequencies of a structure to detect the locations and extent of damage can in principle detect various types of structural damage with minimum test data, including damage that occurs at the joints and boundaries of the structure. However, it is a challenging task to practically detect damage in engineering structures such as space frames using the vibration-based method. The major challenges can arise from the forward problem, i.e., the creation of an accurate physics-based model for both the undamaged and damaged states of a structure, and the inverse problem, i.e., the development of a robust iterative algorithm to search for the locations and extent of damage. With the recent development of the modeling techniques for fillets and bolted joints by the authors, space frames with filleted thin-walled beams and bolted joints can be accurately modeled with a reasonable model size for both the undamaged and damaged states. The damage detection algorithm developed earlier for under-determined systems is improved here by introducing a logistic function transformation to convert the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained one and a trust-region search method to solve the nonlinear least-square problem. The new iterative algorithm is ensured to converge to a stationary point of the objective function, the convergence speed is significantly increased, and the robustness of the algorithm is improved. A real lightning mast at an electric substation and a scale mast with machined sections in the laboratory can be accurately modeled using mainly shell and beam elements, respectively, and numerical and experimental damage detection is performed using the new damage detection algorithm. The modeling techniques for fillets and bolted joints and the new damage detection algorithm are used to numerically and experimentally detect loosening of bolted connections in a component of a space frame, which consists of two Lshaped beams with a bolted joint. The exact locations and extent of damage can be detected in the numerical simulation for both types of structures. With the errors between the measured and calculated natural frequencies within 2%, the locations and extent of both types of damage can also be successfully detected in the experiment.
Cementitious bond degradation during cyclic shear loading, studied by contact electrical resistance measurement

Degradation of the cementitious bond between steel rebar and concrete and that between old and new mortar under cyclic shear loading was observed nondestructively by measuring the contact electrical resistance of the joint. Degradation, which caused a decrease in bond strength but no visual damage, was indicated by an abrupt increase in the resistance at a small fraction of the fatigue life. Bond failure was also accompanied by an abrupt increase in resistance.
Historical Perspective and Overview

The history of epilepsy is both fascinating and complex. Progress over the millennia in discovering the nature and manifestations of epilepsy, however, has been slow. What follows is a brief overview of the history of epilepsy. The material contained in this summary is based on the works of several authors who have produced scholarly works on the history of epilepsy, and much of the material is based on the work of Oswei Temkin (1971). His book, The Falling Sickness, remains the most detailed and scholarly work on the history of epilepsy to date.
“I Don’t Really Rely on the Textbook”

I first met Lisa1 when she was an undergraduate student in my content area literacy course for secondary-level teacher certification. Lisa was a white female in her early twenties fresh with enthusiasm about the prospect of teaching social studies to adolescents. In my course, Lisa’s performance as a student was exemplary. She attended every class session, completed the reading assignments, participated in class discussions without dominating them, and consistently offered good insights about every pedagogical topic presented in the course.
Temporal Stability of Cognitive Functioning and Functional Capacity in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

OBJECTIVE In addition to clinical symptoms, patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience considerable disability and may evidence minor impairments in performance on measures of cognition and functional capacity (FC). The objective of the present study was to determine if cognitive and functional skills manifest temporal stability as observed in other neuropsychiatric conditions in the presence of greater fluctuations in clinical symptoms. METHOD Assessments of cognition, FC, and clinical symptoms were conducted over two time points as part of a pre- and post-treatment assessment in a placebo-controlled clinical trial in 96 women with PTSD. The goal of these analyses was to examine the relative stability of scores and intercorrelations of measures of cognition, FC, and clinical symptoms. RESULTS Cognitive and FC performance manifested considerably greater cross-temporal stability compared to clinical symptoms. FC performance did not change over time. Similar to previous findings in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder measures of symptoms and self-reported disability did not correlate with measures of functional skills or cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive performance and functional capacity were temporally stable in women with PTSD. In contrast, clinical symptoms had much more cross-temporal fluctuation. Self-reported disability was correlated with current symptomatology but unrelated to objective measures of performance. Similar to other neuropsychiatric conditions, mood symptoms likely influence estimates of current level of functioning more than cognitive or functional skills.
Leeb hardness of salty Europa ice analogs exposed to high-energy electrons

Abstract Constraint of Europa's surface material properties is critical for future lander missions to Europa, particularly for drilling and sample retrieval. Surface ice on Europa, which is thought to contain water, hydrated acids and salts, and other trace materials at temperatures of ~80 K at the polar regions to ~120 K at the equator, is drenched in radiation from Jupiter's magnetosphere. Because Europa's ice composition and surface structure are not yet fully characterized, technological requirements for mobility, drilling, and caching mechanisms are also not well constrained. To begin to understand the physical properties of ice under these extreme environments, we have initiated a set of laboratory studies to examine the effect of temperature, composition, and radiation on ice hardness. By utilizing a commercially-available Leeb rebound hardness tester, we have determined that ice-containing salts such as NaCl and MgSO4 exhibit increased hardness relative to pure water ices at Europa-relevant temperatures. However, exposure of these ices to 10–25 MeV electron radiation (such as is received by the trailing hemisphere of Europa) led to measurable softening, which indicates that the ‘worst-case scenarios’ (upper limits) for hardness of ice on Europa may be somewhat tempered by surface radiation effects. We found that hydrated MgSO4 (close to 1:1 by mass with H2O) is the hardest of these materials at Europa-relevant temperatures and the Leeb Hardness (HL) ranges from 477 to 527.
The Access Model for Music and the Effect of Modification, Trial, and Sharing Usage Rights on Streaming Adoption and Piracy

The access economy business model has been applied to a wide range of digital goods and services such as software, movies, music, and books. The digital platforms that manage transactions between buyers and sellers enable product rights owners to define product usage rights with a great deal of precision. In this paper, music product usage rights for digital consumption and platform attributes of music streaming systems are discussed and a model for digital music streaming system adoption and digital piracy is presented. The results of a quasi-experiment suggest that the perceived freedom to tryout, modify, and share digital music products contribute to both perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment of a product format and the music streaming system. In turn, perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment lead to the intention to adopt a music streaming system. The perceived usefulness of a music streaming system is associated with a reduction of pirating intention.
The impact of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act on the spatial distribution of high productivity households and economic welfare

Abstract The Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 capped state and local tax deductions. We show that this new cap primarily affects households in the top percentile of the income distribution residing in high-tax, high-cost cities. We develop a new dynamic spatial equilibrium model to evaluate the impact of this policy change on the distribution of economic activity and aggregate welfare. We show that the tax reform is likely to lead to a relocation of older high-productivity households to low-cost cities. If local agglomeration externalities depend on these high-productivity households, the tax reform may substantially lower aggregate income.
Isolating a reverse-mode ATP synthase-dependent mechanism of mitoflash activation

Mitoflashes are transient bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that occur stochastically and concomitantly with matrix alkalinization and depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Ψm). They are observed in single mitochondria and local mitochondrial networks across a wide
Variables Contributing to Abandonment and Readoption of SWPBIS

There is a dearth of research examining school and district factors associated with the abandonment of evidence-based practice in schools. In this mixed methods study, we surveyed 23 school personn...
Lessons learned through leadership.

This article identifies a number of principles that I have adopted when assuming leadership roles. They evolved from experiences that suggested that they would help me to be more effective in these roles. I have found through using them that they are indeed helpful to me as a leader and to the organizations that I lead. When comparing notes with other leaders, I find that they seem to apply to others as well.