cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of TL b and TL c Gene Organization

Cosmids representing T9 b through T13 b were isolated from a radiation leukemia virus (RadLV)induced C57BL/6 thymoma-derived cell line. These cosmids were co-linear with cosmids isolated from C57BL/10 mice (1). Also isolated were two previously unreported H-2 genes, T14 b and T15 b (2), which have been shown to be present and linked to T13 b in both C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 mice. A collection of four low-copy probes (2; C. Pampeno and D. Meruelo, manuscript in preparation) were prepared from the T13 b–T15 b region and used to compare the organization of TL b and TL c both in genomic and cosmid DNAs. The region of DNA encoding T11 b through T15 b does not have a counterpart in the BALB/c genome. All isolated TL b genes are located on a contiguous stretch of DNA. In the BALB/c mouse, it appears that two regions of DNA from cluster A have been duplicated, thereby generating the TL cluster B, T11 c–T17 c (3). Limited reorganization has led to similar, yet unique, gene organization in these two as yet unlinked TL c regions.
Substance use among persons with homeless experience in primary care.

ABSTRACTBackground: Community survey data suggest high prevalence of substance use disorders among currently homeless individuals. There are less data regarding illicit drug and alcohol use problems of homeless-experienced persons engaged in primary care. They may have less severe use and require different care responses from primary care teams. Methods: The authors surveyed currently and formerly homeless, i.e., homeless-experienced, persons engaged in primary care at five federally funded programs in the United States, administering the World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The ASSIST definitions of lower, moderate, and high risk were used to assess a spectrum of lifetime and recent substance use, from any use to likely dependence, and to identify sociodemographic and health status characteristics associated with severity of use. Results: Almost one half of the sample (N = 601) had recently (within the past three months) used alcohol, and one...
Controller Design and Dynamic Simulation of Elastic Robot Arm Mounted in Spacecraft in Presence of Uncertainty

We present in this paper an approach to the control of an uncertain nonlinear flexible robotic system, A robot arm (PUMA-type) with three rotational joints is considered. The third link is assumed to be elastic. A torquer control law is derived for controlling1 the joint angles. For damping of the elastic vibration, a force control law using modal velocity feedback is synthesized. Simulation results are presented to show that combination of the torque and force control law accomplishes reference joint angle trajectory tracking and elastic mode stabilization in spite of the uncertainty in the system.
Walter Lippmann’s Ghost: An Interview With Michael Schudson

An esteemed scholar conducts an enlightening examination of the enduring issues of the press as a democratic institution, the professionalization of the journalist, journalism schools, liberalism, and science. This imagined one-on-one conversation with Walter Lippmann is lightly humorous yet offers important insights on the accountability of the government by the press in days gone by and on the accountability of the press to the public in our digital age.
THE SICKLING PHENOMENON AND HETEROGENEITY OF DEER HEMOGLOBIN.

SummaryA marked degree of heterogeneity is demonstrable in deer hemoglobin. This heterogeneity appears to be on a genetic basis. A single hemoglobin component responsible for sickling of deer hemoglobin can be identified.Addendum. Since this paper was prepared, similar electrophoretic results were reported by Kitchen, H., Putnam, F. W. and Taylor, W. J., in Science, 1964, v144, 1237.
Relation of number of transplants to total volume of regenerating adrenocortical tissue.

SummaryThe total volume of adrenocortical tissue regenerating in intramuscular autotransplants in rats during the first 2 weeks after operation is proportional to number of transplants growing. Thereafter, the total volume is about the same irrespective of the number of implants made or transplants regenerating, so the volumes per transplant are inversely proportional to the number of grafts. Average volume of regenerating tissue and cell depth increases with increasing age of transplant. At 90 days after operation the cell depth is like that of intact adrenal glands but the volume is less. Apparently transplants cannot deliver the amount of cortical secretion necessary to establish a pituitary-adrenal equilibrium until after 2 weeks of growth.
Territory and its Relationship to Treaties

The relationship between treaties and territory is one that remains surprisingly mired in ambiguity. What does it mean for a treaty to apply to territory? Why do certain states, but not others, have the ability to restrict the territorial zones in which their treaty obligations will have effect? Can a treaty establish a territorial regime so as to permanently endow such territory with rights and obligations capable of outliving the treaty itself? Within the law of treaties, both the 1969 and 1978 Vienna Conventions have attempted to tackle this relationship, albeit from different angles. Article 29 of the 1969 VCLT dictates that a treaty is binding throughout the “entire territory” of a state party, “unless a different intention is appears from the treaty or is otherwise established.” The 1978 Convention on State Succession contains two provisions, defining boundary and territorial regimes respectively, and endows them with the particular ability to survive instances of state succession. A closer look at the drafting history of these provisions -- as well as their subsequent evolution in state practice and international jurisprudence -- reveals that for all the careful deliberations and years of negotiations, fundamental ambiguities as to the actual operative effect and scope of these provisions endure. These ambiguities provide unexpected opportunities, both for states and tribunals, in the development of this area of law.
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor discovered in a resected hemorrhoidal donut after stapled hemorrhoidopexy: report of a case.

We report a case of a 47-year-old woman found to have a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor discovered on routine pathological examination of the resected hemorrhoidal donut after a stapled hemor...
The Histopathologic Identification and Pattern Recognition of Common Viral Infections in The General Pathology Practice: An Illustrated Review.

Patternrecognition and cytologic features remain essential diagnostic tools inpathology. Viral cytopathic effect may be the first clue to a diagnosis of aviral infection. This paper aims to provide a brief illustrated summary of thehistopathologic changes caused by commonly encountered and rare viruses. The listof viruses discussed with characteristic viral inclusions or distinctivecytopathic effect includes cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, herpes virus (herpessimplex virus and varicella zoster virus), human papillomavirus, respiratorysyncytial virus, parvovirus, poxvirus (molluscum contagiosum virus), andpolyoma virus (JC virus and BK virus). Alsoreviewed are the characteristic histologic and cytopathic changes for Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV), Paramyxoviruses (human parainfluenza virus and measles virus),human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus.
Strong Limit Theorems for Independent Random Variables

This chapter discusses the strong limit theorems for independent random variables. The strong limit theorems or the strong limit laws in probability refer to those theorems that deal with almost sure convergence of a sequence of random variables. The chapter presents some of the best known and most widely used theorems of this type. A valuable tool for the strong limit theorems is Kolmogorov's Inequalities. The chapter presents Kolmogorov's three series theorem that states that if {X n } is a sequence of independent random variables, The series Χ n converges almost surely if and only if for some constant c > 0. A major theorem in probability theory is a theorem that states that that if a series of independent random variables converges in law, then it converges almost surely. The major tools for proving this theorem are the Kolmogorov three series theorem explored in the chapter.
Intraocular Pressure Dynamics Associated with Accommodation

Anterior chamber pressure drops when a human or monkey accommodates while vitreous chamber pressure rises when a monkey accommodates. Since the monkey eye is very similar to the human eye, the rise in vitreous chamber pressure may also occur in the human eye. Measurement of fluorescein transport time from vitreal injection to appearance at the edge of the pupil is related to accommodation. With cycloplegia the movement takes 12 min; with normal eye conditions 30 min; under eserine 80 min; under eye contact induced accommodation fluorescein does not appear as long as accommodation is maintained. The implications of this effect are considered.
Concurrent Operant Performance in Humans: Matching When Food is the Reinforcer

Three human subjects responded for food reinforcers by pulling on either of two doors of a modified vending machine. Participants were exposed to three conditions, each of which contained a different pair of concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules and a changeover delay. All subjects matched both responses and time spent responding to the distribution of reinforcers associated with the schedules. These results confirm the applicability of the matching law in describing human behavior in concurrent operant situations and extend the generality of the matching law to include consummatory behavior in humans.
The influence of cell and nanoparticle properties on heating and cell death in a radiofrequency field.

Abstract The use of non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) energy to induce mild thermal and non-thermal effects in cancer tissue is under study as an adjuvant to chemo, radio or immuno therapy. This study examines cell specific sensitivities to RF exposure and the potential of nanoparticles to elevate heating rates or enhance biological effects. Increases in the heating rate of water in an RF field operating at 13.56 MHz (0.004–0.028 °C/s) were positively correlated with concentration of hybrid nanoparticles (1–10 mg/ml) consisting of water soluble malonodiserinolamide [60]fullerene (C 60 -ser) conjugated to the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 -C 60 ). The heating rate of highly conductive cell culture media (0.024 °C/s) was similar to that of the highest concentration of nanoparticles in water, with no significant increase due to addition of nanoparticles at relevant doses ( 2 and SiO 2 -C 60 ) or neutral (C 60 ) nanoparticles did not influence RF-induced cell death, however, cationic nanoparticles (4–100 μg/ml) caused dose-dependent increases in RF-induced cell death (24–42% compared to RF only). The effect of cell type, size and immortalization on sensitivity of cells to RF fields was examined in endothelial (HUVEC and HMVEC), fibroblast (primary dermal and L939) and cancer cells (HeLa and 4T1). While the state of cellular immortalization itself did not consistently influence the rate of RF-induced cell death compared to normal cell counter parts, cell size (ranging from 7 to 30 μm) negatively correlated with cell sensitivity to RF (21–97% cell death following 6 min irradiation). In summary, while nanoparticles do not alter the heating rate of biologically-relevant solutions, they can increase RF-induced cell death based on intrinsic cytotoxicity; and cells with smaller radii, and thereby greater surface membrane, are more susceptible to cell damage in an RF field than larger cells. Statement of Significance The ability of nanoparticles to either direct heating or increase susceptibility of cancer cells to radiofrequency (RF) energy remains controversial, as is the impact of cell attributes on susceptibility of cells to RF-induced cell death. This manuscript examines the impact of nanoparticle charge, size, and cellular localization on RF-induced cell death and the influence of nanoparticles on the heating rates of water and biologically-relevant media. Susceptibility of immortalized or primary cells to RF energy and the impact of cell size are also examined. The ability to selectively modulate RF heating rates in specific biological locations or in specific cell populations would enhance the therapeutic potential of RF therapy.
An Integrated Chemical Environment to Support 21st-Century Toxicology

SUMMARY: Access to high-quality reference data is essential for the development, validation, and implementation of in vitro and in silico approaches that reduce and replace the use of animals in toxicity testing. Currently, these data must often be pooled from a variety of disparate sources to efficiently link a set of assay responses and model predictions to an outcome or hazard classification. To provide a central access point for these purposes, the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods developed the Integrated Chemical Environment (ICE) web resource. The ICE data integrator allows users to retrieve and combine data sets and to develop hypotheses through data exploration. Open-source computational workflows and models will be available for download and application to local data. ICE currently includes curated in vivo test data, reference chemical information, in vitro assay data (including Tox21TM/ToxCast™ high-throughput screening data), and in silico model predictions. Users can query these data collections focusing on end points of interest such as acute systemic toxicity, endocrine disruption, skin sensitization, and many others. ICE is publicly accessible at https://ice.ntp.niehs.nih.gov. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1759.
Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine to Treat Pain and Agitation in Dementia: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials from Long-Term Care with Potential Use in Critical Care

The risk of pain in adults with dementia worsens with advancing age. Painful comorbidities may be underassessed and inadequately treated. Receiving treatment in critical care settings may indicate greater occurrences of pain and complications. Pain may exacerbate behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), such as agitation. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may alleviate pain and BPSD, and continuity of therapy may bolster these therapeutic effects. This review did not reveal an apparent benefit of aromatherapy; however, improvements in BPSD have been shown previously. Massage and human interaction did demonstrate efficacy in reducing BPSD and pain.
Poetic Economics: Phillis Wheatley and the Production of the Black Artist in the Early Atlantic World

This essay reads Wheatley as a key participant in the shifting economic and emotional relationships between artists, audiences, and texts that we now associate with romanticism. To recover facets of the role that the black artist played in the romantic movement(s), I examine three “portraits” of Wheatley-the poetic spectacle managed by her promoters, the actual portrait that appeared as the frontispiece for her Poems on Various Subjects , and the portrait that Wheatley herself created through her poetry. These portraits chart the tensions that circulated around the figure of the black African artist 111 the eighteenth-century Atlantic world, tensions between genius and “barbarity,” originality and imitation, exteriority and interiority, and artistic expression and commodification. These binaries have often characterized the terrain of Wheatley studies, marking opposing positions and points of contention. I argue for a different way of reading, one that sees the figure of Phillis Wheatley as produced through the interplay of all of these forces within the context of the early black Atlantic. Wheatley and her work exposed both the emphasis on “authentic” self-expression through art and the ways in which the mental life of the artist became available to the reader as a consumer product. She created a different vision of the black artist than that which commonly circulated in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world, one that fused Christian discourse with romantic elements of imagination, Nature, and the poetic sublime, yet remained distant from and somewhat inaccessible to white readers.
A Neuroimaging Feature Extraction Model for Imaging Genetics with Application to Alzheimer's Disease

Neuroimaging is an important research platform that can be very useful for eliciting new understanding on the complicated pathogenesis between genetics and disease phenotypes. Due to the extremely high dimensionality of image and genetic data, and considering the potential joint effect of genetic variants, multivariate techniques have been examined to detect Alzheimers disease (AD) related genetic variants expressed through single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, the image features used in support of those methods are not immediately related to the disease, and the detected genetic markers may not be related to AD. In this study, we propose an ensemble model based framework for firstly extracting 50 region-based image features whose values are predicted by base learners trained on raw neuroimaging morphological variables. This task is followed by performing sparse Partial Least Squares regression (sPLS) method on the extracted 50 AD related image features and pre-selected 1508 SNPs to detect the significant SNPs associated with the extracted image features. Instead of modeling a direct link between genetic variants and disease label, we captured disease information indirectly.
Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Infection

The primary virulence factor of the skin commensal and opportunistic pathogen, Staphylococcus epidermidis, is the ability to form biofilms on surfaces of implanted materials. Much of this microorganism’s pathogenic success has been attributed to its ability to evade the innate immune system. The primary defense against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm infection consists of complement activation, recruitment and subsequent killing of the pathogen by effector cells. Among pathogen-derived factors, the biofilm exopolysaccharide polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA), as well as the accumulation-associated protein (Aap), and the extracellular matrix binding protein (Embp) have been shown to modulate effector cell-mediated killing of S. epidermidis. Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) constitute the only class of secreted toxins by S. epidermidis, at least one type of which (PSM) possesses strong cytolytic properties toward leukocytes. However, through selective production of non-cytolytic subtypes of PSMs, S. epidermidis is able to maintain a low inflammatory infection profile and avoid eradication by the host immune system. Taken together, our emerging understanding of the mechanisms behind immune modulation by S. epidermidis elucidates the microorganism’s success in the initial colonization of device surfaces as well as the maintenance of a chronic and indolent course of biofilm infection.
From Apprentice to President: The Role of Parasocial Connection in the Election of Donald Trump

Data suggest that the outcome of the 2016 American presidential election was a surprise to most people. We conducted a study to examine the role parasocial bonds formed with Trump due to his appear...
Advances in drug discovery for human beta cell regeneration

The numbers of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells are reduced in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Driving beta cell regeneration in the pancreases of people with diabetes would be an attractive approach to reversing diabetes. While adult human beta cells have long been believed to be terminally differentiated and, therefore, irreversibly quiescent, it has become clear over recent years that this is not true. More specifically, both candidate and unbiased high-throughput screen approaches have revealed several classes of molecules that are clearly able to induce human beta cell proliferation. Here, we review recent approaches and accomplishments in human beta cell regenerative drug discovery. We also list the challenges that this rapidly moving field must confront to translate beta cell regenerative therapy from the laboratory to the clinic.
Dear Colleagues, Readers and Authors

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation is mostly oriented to transplantation but also publishes articles on ventricular assist devices (VADs) as this branch of heart failure has experienced such exponential growth in recent years. Likewise, ASAIO was started as a bioengineering journal but also publishes articles on VADs, for the same reason. Journal of Cardiac Failure, JACC HF, Circulation HF – papers on VADs can be found everywhere.
Ammonia Borane Acid–Base Complex: An Experiment Involving 1H and 11B NMR Spectroscopy and the Gas Laws

An experiment involving a moisture-sensitive synthesis and spectroscopic characterization suitable for the advanced inorganic laboratory course is presented. The acid–base complex ammonia borane (AB) is synthesized from the heterogeneous reaction between sodium borohydride and finely ground ammonium sulfate in tetrahydrofuran solvent. AB is isolated as a fluffy white solid. The 1H and 11B NMR spectra of AB, separately measured in the solvents D2O and CD3CN, provide an excellent opportunity to introduce some of the basic concepts of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The triplet and quartet peaks observed for the NH3 and BH3 groups in the 1H spectrum measured in CD3CN can be used to discuss the nature of JNH and JBH coupling. The former coupling is rarely observed because the quadrupolar 14N in nonspherical structures experiences rapid relaxation and large J coupling, leading to broad peaks for −NH and −NH2 protons. Although such coupling due to 11B is more commonly observed, a comparison of the 1H NMR spectra...
Cancer Education in United States Medical and Dental Schools: The AACE-NCI Survey

ABSTRACT Since July, 1975, a survey of programs of cancer education in medical, osteopathic, and dental schools in the United States has been conducted by the American Association for Cancer Education under the sponsorship of the National Cancer Institute. Data has been obtained from 110/114 medical schools, 8/9 osteopathic schools and 55/58 dental schools; also from 1, 311 faculty, and 3, 856 students. In addition, 55 institutional visits were made. Determinants of desirable educational program charcteristics were sought through several approaches, including multiple regression analysis. In addition to the attributes of successful and innovative programs, of which there are many, certain deficiencies were detected. These included instruction in cancer patient rehabilitation, in psychosocial aspects of cancer, in radiation therapy principles, and exposure to certain relatively common malignancies. The career options of senior medical students were assessed in relation to potential manpower needs in various oncologic fields.
Neutron Capture Measurements on Fission Product 107Pd

Neutron capture measurements were made on a sample of fission product palladium at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator time-of-flight facility. One hundred thirty resonance peaks were parameterized up to 3.5 keV and the average cross section from 3 to 600 keV was derived. The data exceed the ENDF/B-V evaluation by about 25% in the 3- to 300-keV range but drop steeply below it at higher energies where neutron inelastic-scattering competition becomes important. The Maxwellian average cross section for kT = 30 keV is calculated as 1.34 + or - 0.06 b, and the dilute resonance capture integral as 108.1 + or - 4.3 b.
A Systematic Review of Reference Pricing: Implications for US Prescription Drug Spending

Given rising pharmaceutical expenditures and the widespread use of reference pricing as a costcontainment instrument abroad, we systematically reviewed the evidence evaluating reference pricing policies. We performed a structured electronic search of peer-reviewed journals for studies published before that reported on the effects of reference pricing policies on medication use, payer and patient spending, and resource consumption. Our search yielded 16 studies describing 9 reference-pricing policies from 6 countries. Reference-pricing policies led to decreases in drug prices and increases in utilization of targeted medications, while also reducing payer and patient expenditures. In addition, these policies did not lead to increased use of medical services, such as physician office visits and hospitalization. These results suggest that reference pricing may be an attractive policy strategy for the US healthcare system.
EIS and differential capacitance measurements onto single crystal faces in different solutions: Part I: Ag(111) in 0.01 M NaCl

Abstract Differential capacitance versus frequency curves simulated for different equivalent circuits representing different cases of anion adsorption have been analyzed. The analysis showed that in all cases with an ideal, homogeneous electrode surface, the real value of the differential capacitance, representing the sum of the double layer and adsorption capacitances (independent of frequency) could be obtained only at frequencies lower than about 2 Hz. In the case of real surfaces, presented by introduction of a constant phase element instead of a double layer capacitance, differential capacitance versus frequency curves were found to be more complex, with no possibility to obtain values of the double layer capacitance at high and adsorption capacitance at low frequencies, since the differential capacitance was found to depend on frequency in the whole range of frequencies (10 −4 –10 5 Hz). Chloride adsorption onto the Ag(111) face in 0.01 M NaCl solution was found to follow the approach initiated in this work by introducing a constant phase element instead of the double layer capacitance. It is shown that impedance diagrams deviate from the ‘ideal double layer behavior’ and that differential capacitance versus potential curves depend on frequency. It is confirmed by the analysis of differential capacitance versus frequency curves that this is the consequence of adsorption of chloride anions presented by adsorption resistance and capacitance connected in series, as well as of inhomogeneity of the real single crystal face.
POD-based EnKF estimation of heterogeneous reservoir parameters for feedback control of hydraulic fracturing

Abstract Accurate characterization of reservoir properties is of central importance to achieve a desired fracture geometry during a hydraulic fracturing process. However, the estimation of spatially varying geological properties in hydraulic fracturing is inherently ill-posed due to a limited number of measurements. In this work, parameterization is performed to reduce the dimensionality of spatially varying Young’s modulus profiles via proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and a data assimilation technique called Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is used to estimate the parameter values in the reduced low-dimensional subspace. Through a series of simulation results, it is demonstrated that the POD-based EnKF technique provides accurate process models with updated spatially varying geological parameters. Next, we use the updated high-fidelity process model in a model predictive control framework to construct a closed-loop system that achieves uniform final proppant concentration in a hydraulic fracturing process.
Walking for our health: couple-focused interventions to promote physical activity in older adults

ABSTRACTMore than 50% of U.S. adults do not engage in sufficient physical activity to meet current recommendations, making physical activity change and maintenance a priority for health promotion t...
Impact of food allergy on food insecurity and health literacy in a tertiary care pediatric allergy population.

Background Food insecurity (FI), limited availability of or access to nutritional foods, is linked to poor child/caregiver health. We examined FI in food-allergic and non-food-allergic children to determine whether dietary limitations associated with food allergy increases risk of FI. Methods Food-allergic and non-food-allergic children (1-17 years) were recruited from Arkansas Children's Hospital allergy/asthma clinics. The USDA Food Security Survey, the Newest Vital Sign Health Literacy (HL) questionnaire, and the Food Allergy Impact Scale QOL survey were administered. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance models were utilized for data analysis. Results Subjects (n = 650) included 325 food-allergic and 325 non-food-allergic children. Overall rate of FI was 21.5% (food allergic 22.2% and non-food allergic 20.9%) with no significant difference in the prevalence of FI between groups (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 0.86-1.96; P = 0.21). FI was increased in households of children with both milk and egg allergy when compared to those without food allergy and those with single food allergy (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-4.6; P = 0.003). Mean HL rates were higher in the food-secure vs food-insecure groups (mean diff = 0.31; 95% CI 0.03-0.59; P = 0.03). Among food-allergic children, QOL was better in the food-secure vs food-insecure group (mean diff = 0.61; 95% CI 0.002-1.23; P = 0.049). Conclusion Food allergy to milk and egg was associated with increased risk of household FI. Food-insecure participants had lower HL than their food-secure counterparts. Further work is needed to define risks associated with FI among food-allergic children to improve screening and management strategies.
Ex Vivo 1 H NMR study of pituitary adenomas to differentiate various immunohistochemical subtypes

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are benign growths arising from epithelial cells in the adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland. To date, there has been no detailed metabolic characterization of PAs of various subtypes. In this study, we report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomic analysis of surgically resected tumors from forty five pituitary tumor patients [gonadotropic (LH/FSH-secreting) = 17; prolactinomas (PRL-secreting) = 11, Cushing’s disease (ACTH-secreting) = 4, non-functional = 5, and mixed = 8] who underwent transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy. Compared to LH/FSH-secreting tumors, PRL-secreting tumors showed statistically significant decrease in the levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (mI), scyllo-inositol (sI), glycine, taurine, phosphoethanolamine (PE) and increase in the levels of glutamine. When compared with LH/FSH-secreting tumors, ACTH-secreting tumors showed statistically significant decrease in the levels of sI, glycine, PE and increase in the levels of aspartate. Although lipid extracts of PAs showed the presence of many common lipid molecules, only glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) showed statistically significant decrease in PRL, ACTH and non-functional subtypes when compared to LH/FSH-secreting tumors. Changes observed in these metabolite concentrations among various subtypes of PAs reflect metabolic heterogeneity in these tumors and may pave the way towards the development of metabolic markers to distinguish various immunohistochemical subtypes of PAs.
What do implicit measures measure

We identify several ongoing debates related to implicit measures, surveying prominent views and considerations in each. First, we summarize the debate regarding whether performance on implicit measures is explained by conscious or unconscious representations. Second, we discuss the cognitive structure of the operative constructs: are they associatively or propositionally structured? Third, we review debates about whether performance on implicit measures reflects traits or states. Fourth, we discuss the question of whether a person's performance on an implicit measure reflects characteristics of the person who is taking the test or characteristics of the situation in which the person is taking the test. Finally, we survey the debate about the relationship between implicit measures and (other kinds of) behavior. This article is categorized under: Philosophy > Representation Psychology > Theory and Methods Psychology > Prediction Philosophy > Psychological Capacities.
The Breadth of Microwave Theory and Techniques [From the Editor's Desk]

This month's issue of IEEE Microwave Magazine contains articles that show the breadth of work being done in our Microwave Theory and Techniques (MTT) community. The last such issue, from March 2019, contained technical features that were unsolicited and so not associated with a particular focus issue. I appreciate the patience of these authors who have waited for us to have space in the editorial calendar for their manuscripts.
3D Medical Informatics

This chapter describes the emerging discipline of 3D Medical Informatics. While text-based informatics has a distinguished history and accepted fundamental linguistic principles, the use of 2D and 3D data in informatics has emerged relatively recently as computing capabilities have rapidly advanced, imaging and modeling standards have been established, and as high performance networking has made possible the sharing of the large and complex data that images, volumes, and models represent. This chapter outlines the early developments of this discipline, presents some examples of how image data is managed and presented, and suggests some of the leading research challenges in this young field.
Institutional entry barriers and spatial technology diffusion: Evidence from the broadband industry

Research Summary In this article, we examine the effects of institutional entry barriers on incumbent firms' technological diffusion. In particular, we combine new institutional economics and nonmarket perspectives to build a theoretical framework about the impact of local entry barriers on community‐based firms and how they affect incumbent firms' technology diffusion. We theorize that the local institutional environment reduces technology diffusion because of reduced entry threat, but incumbents' capabilities and the intensity of competition from private firms may moderate this effect. We exploit the exogenous geographical variation of alternative entry regimes in the U.S. broadband industry to causally capture incumbents' technology adoption strategies. This article suggests that local institutional contexts that advantage private firms over nonprivate firms may generate divergent spatial technology diffusion processes within and across firms. Managerial Summary In this article, we examine how firms adjust their technology adoption to their local institutional environment. We argue and empirically show that local institutions that restrict new entry by nonprivate firms reduce private incumbents' technology diffusion but the effect depends on firm and market characteristics. In particular, national incumbents are more resilient because of their capabilities while local competition by private firms moderates the negative effect of reduced entry threat. We use the context of the U.S. broadband industry to examine the effect of local institutions that provide advantages to some firms over others. Our results suggest that managers need to adjust their technology adoption strategies to the local regulatory environment taking into account firm's capabilities and market competition.
A lignin-first strategy to recover hydroxycinnamic acids and improve cellulosic ethanol production from corn stover

Abstract The goal of this research is to develop a partial delignification process for corn stover that simultaneously improves accessibility of enzymes to cellulose and recovers hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) as a value-added product from the lignin. We recover HCAs from corn stover with a mild base extraction employing sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and water. The total HCA yield was 33.5 wt% on a lignin basis and approximately 6 wt% on a corn stover basis. This partial delignification pretreatment allowed 85 wt% of total available glucose to be recovered by enzymatic hydrolysis using an enzyme loading that is only 10% of the level recommended for recovering sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. Technoeconomic analysis indicates that recovery of HCAs could reduce the selling price of ethanol by $0.26 L-1. That part of the lignin not removed as HCA becomes a co-product of enzymatic hydrolysis suitable for thermochemical processing into additional biofuels and/or chemicals.
CHAPTER 2 – Probability Distributions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the univariate distribution functions, their moments, and their transforms. Different random variables can have the same distribution functions. If X is a random variable, then its distribution function FX has the following properties: (1) FX is nondecreasing, (2) limx → ∞FX (x) = 1 and limx → –∞, FX (x) = 0, and (3) FX is continuous from the right. From the real analysis or advanced calculus, a function of bounded variation, which is what FX(x) is, has, at most, a countable number of discontinuities, and all discontinuities of such functions are jumps. The normal or Gaussian distribution is the most important of all distribution functions. A distribution function F is said to be discrete if there exists a countable sequence of real numbers and a corresponding sequence of positive numbers. The most frequent example of a continuous singular distribution function is the Cantor distribution or uniform distribution over the Cantor ternary set.
The Impact of Abusive Supervision and Constituent Attachment on Entry-Level Employee Turnover:

The present study extends the body of research on turnover by examining the impact of abusive supervision on turnover in the context of entry-level hospitality employees, drawing on conservation of...
Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on School Finance and Achievement: Evidence From Oklahoma:

Motivated by potential financial savings, 4-day school weeks have proliferated across the United States in recent years, reaching public schools in 24 states as of 2019. The consequences of the 4-d...
Detecting New Allies: Modifier Screen Identifies a Genetic Interaction Between Imaginal disc growth factor 3 and combover, a Rho-kinase Substrate, During Dorsal Appendage Tube Formation in Drosophila.

Biological tube formation underlies organ development and, when disrupted, can cause severe birth defects. To investigate the genetic basis of tubulogenesis, we study the formation of Drosophila melanogaster eggshell structures, called dorsal appendages, which are produced by epithelial tubes. Previously we found that precise levels of Drosophila Chitinase-Like Proteins (CLPs), encoded by the Imaginal disc growth factor (Idgf) gene family, are needed to regulate dorsal-appendage tube closure and tube migration. To identify factors that act in the Idgf pathway, we developed a genetic modifier screen based on the finding that overexpressing Idgf3 causes dorsal appendage defects with ∼50% frequency. Using a library of partially overlapping heterozygous deficiencies, we scanned chromosome 3L and found regions that enhanced or suppressed the Idgf3-overexpression phenotype. Using smaller deletions, RNAi, and mutant alleles, we further mapped five regions and refined the interactions to 58 candidate genes. Importantly, mutant alleles identified combover (cmb), a substrate of Rho-kinase (Rok) and a component of the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway, as an Idgf3-interacting gene: loss of function enhanced while gain of function suppressed the dorsal appendage defects. Since PCP drives cell intercalation in other systems, we asked if cmb/+ affected cell intercalation in our model, but we found no evidence of its involvement in this step. Instead, we found that loss of cmb dominantly enhanced tube defects associated with Idgf3 overexpression by expanding the apical area of dorsal appendage cells. Apical surface area determines tube volume and shape; in this way, Idgf3 and cmb regulate tube morphology.
Characteristics of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) in a rural clinic population: Tracking with Electronic Medical Health Records (EHR)

PurposeThe impact of intrauterine exposure of opioids and other addictive substances on pediatric patients is concerning for health care providers in rural WV. NAS patients must be identified, screened, and treated during the pediatric years to facilitate improved outcomes. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of rural providers to use EHRs to identify, describe, and monitor aspects of NAS across the pediatric health span. MethodsThe research team used de-identified data of patients that had the NAS diagnosis from a rural clinic. One hundred fifty-five charts were evaluated. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and developmental milestone status were extracted from charts. ResultsThere were differences in characteristics across age groups. Reported secondhand smoke was higher among the 0-3 year olds. Normal BMI percentile was highest among 4-5 year olds. The Ages and Stages Developmental screening was abnormal more in those aged 6-19 years. Foster care was highest among the ages 0-3 years. The 4-12 age groups highest amount of no show visits. Respiratory illness was the most frequent diagnosis and was highest in the 4-5 age group. Eye and ear diagnosis were noted as a recurrent diagnosis in the 4-5 year old group. Diagnosis related to mental health were highest in the 6-18 age group. DiscussionThe EHR can be used to describe and track special populations such as NAS in rural areas. Tagging and tacking patients with NAS can help primary care providers manage care and anticipate age related health care needs. Tracking high risk populations assures that the patient care is maintained. Tracking no show rates assists providers in assuring that patient’s caregivers are compliant in necessary treatments and referrals. Child Protection can also be involved if medical neglect is noted. EHRs are useful in identifying high risk populations such as NAS to facilitate treatments and continuity of care. DOI: http://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v20i2.625
Thickness-Dependent Piezoelectric Property from Quasi-Two-Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanosheets with Unit Cell Resolution.

A quantitative understanding of the nanoscale piezoelectric property will unlock many application potentials of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon under quantum confinement. In this work, we present an atomic force microscopy- (AFM-) based approach to the quantification of the nanometer-scale piezoelectric property from single-crystalline zinc oxide nanosheets (NSs) with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 4 nm. By identifying the appropriate driving potential, we minimized the influences from electrostatic interactions and tip-sample coupling, and extrapolated the thickness-dependent piezoelectric coefficient (d33). By averaging the measured d33 from NSs with the same number of unit cells in thickness, an intriguing tri-unit-cell relationship was observed. From NSs with 3n unit cell thickness (n = 1, 2, 3), a bulk-like d33 at a value of ~9 pm/V was obtained, whereas NSs with other thickness showed a ~30% higher d33 of ~12 pm/V. Quantification of d33 as a function of ZnO unit cell numbers offers a new experimental discovery toward nanoscale piezoelectricity from nonlayered materials that are piezoelectric in bulk.
Neutrino energy estimation in neutral current interactions and prospects for sterile neutrino searches

Modern neutrino detectors, particularly the large liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs) at SBN and DUNE, provide an unprecedented amount of information about GeV-scale interactions. By taking advantage of the excellent spatial and calorimetric resolution as well as the low tracking thresholds provided by LAr TPCs, we present a novel method of estimating the neutrino energy in neutral current interactions. This method has potential implications for the search for a sterile neutrino; it allows for the potential observation of spectral distortions due to sterile neutrino-induced oscillations in the neutral current neutrino energy spectrum. As an example, we use this method to perform an analysis of the statistics-only sensitivity to sterile neutrinos in the neutral current channel at SBN under a $3+1$ model.
Reflex vs. volitional cough differences amongst head and neck cancer survivors characterized by time since treatment and aspiration status.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate differences in reflexive and volitional cough airflows in advanced stage head and neck cancer survivors as it relates to aspiration status and time since treatment. The hypothesis is that those who aspirate several years after treatment completion would demonstrate reduced airflows for all cough parameters compared to those recently status post treatment completion given the known progressive deterioration associated with radiotherapy. Methods Demographic and airflow data during both reflexive and volitional cough tasks and aspiration status as determined during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallow function were collected from 33 Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) survivors. Results Omnibus MANOVA for dependent airflow variables and independent variables aspiration status, time since treatment and cough type (reflex or volitional) was significant (F(3,1) = 184, p Conclusion Findings of reduced reflexive compared to volitional cough airflows in head and neck cancer survivors are consistent with those from both healthy and other diseased populations. Additional findings that aspirators demonstrate reduced cough airflows compared to non-aspirators supports the hypothesis. Surprisingly, those recently status post treatment completion show worse cough airflows compared to those remotely status post treatment completion.
Pembrolizumab-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review of Critical Care Case

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a commonly encountered diagnosis in the general inpatient and intensive care unit settings. We report a rare case of pembrolizumab-induced DKA in a patient with bladder carcinoma in situ with no prior diagnosis of diabetes. Our case highlights the importance of understanding immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) as immunotherapy is becoming a mainstay of treatment for a variety of diagnoses. The rare side effect of DKA presented in this case is compared to the classical presentation of DKA secondary to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We found that pembrolizumab-induced DKA presented with fewer symptoms than T1DM-induced DKA and did not present with serum antibodies that are typically present in T1DM. While management of DKA in the acute setting is unchanged regardless of the precipitating factor, this case demonstrates the importance of identifying the precipitant in order to pursue the appropriate diagnostic workup and long-term management.
Cellular pathways of the conducted electrical response in arterioles of hamster cheek pouch in vitro

We have previously shown that conducted vasomotor responses follow patterns that are consistent with a passive spread of electrical current along the length of the arterioles [(Xia and Duling, Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 38): H2022-H2030, 1995]. In this study, we define the cells through which the current flows. Isolated arterioles of hamster cheek pouch were used. The mean resting membrane potential (RMP) for randomly sampled arteriolar cells was -67 mV. When cell types were identified by dye injection, the RMPs were -68 and -67 mV for smooth muscle (SM) and endothelium (EC), respectively. Pulses of KCl induced transient, monophasic depolarizations at the site of stimulation (local), which were conducted decrementally along the length of the arteriole over several millimeters. During electrical conduction, three patterns of responses could be observed, but identical patterns of the conducted electrical responses were always observed in SM and EC. Phenylephrine stimulation also caused transient local and conducted depolarizations in both SM and EC. As with KCl stimuli, shapes of conducted electrical responses were identical in records made in both cell types. The results suggest that SM and EC are electrically coupled both homocellularly and heterocellularly.