cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sampling of major histocompatibility complex class I-associated peptidome suggests relatively looser global association of HLA-B*5101 with peptides.

We have analyzed peptides associated with six human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allomorphs expressed by the U937 cell line. Peptides were isolated by mild acid elution or by MHC class I immunoprecipitation by using W6/32 monoclonal antibody. Eighty-five peptides were sequenced by mass spectrometry, and their putative binding alleles were assigned using bioinformatic tools. Only three peptides isolated by the two approaches were identical, suggesting that the approaches may yield distinct partially overlapping peptide populations. Mild acid treatment-derived peptides manifested overall characteristics suggestive of relatively lower affinity of binding for MHC class I. Interestingly, a large proportion of putative HLA-B*5101-binding peptides was evident among the mild acid treatment-eluted peptides, and to a lesser degree in the affinity-purified peptide pool. These results suggest that HLA-B*5101 may bind a potentially large pool of peptides with relatively lower affinity. We suggest that lower affinity of peptide binding may be the basis for inefficient tolerance to HLA-B*5101-binding self-peptides, a predisposing factor for the development of Behcet disease.
β-Cell Function in Normal Rats Made Chronically Hyperleptinemic by Adenovirus-Leptin Gene Therapy

Leptin was overexpressed in the liver of normal Wistar rats by infusing recombinant adenovirus containing the cDNA encoding leptin. Plasma leptin levels rose to 12-24 ng/ml (vs. <2 ng/ml in control rats), and food intake and body weight fell. Visible fat disappeared within 7 days. Plasma insulin fell to <50% of normal in association with hypoglycemia, suggesting enhanced insulin sensitivity. Although beta-cells appeared histologically normal, the pancreases were unresponsive to perfusion with stimulatory levels of glucose and arginine. Since islet triglyceride content was 0, compared with 14 ng/islet in pair-fed control rats, we coperfused a 2:1 oleate:palmitate mixture (0.5 mmol/l). This restored insulin responses to supranormal levels. When normal islets were cultured with 20 ng/ml of leptin, they too became triglyceride-depleted and failed to respond when perifused with glucose or arginine. Perifusion of fatty acids restored both responses. We conclude that in normal rats, hyperleptinemia for 2 weeks causes reversible beta-cell dysfunction by depleting tissue lipids, thereby depriving beta-cells of a lipid-derived signal required for the insulin response to other fuels.
Fitting of surfaces to scattered data

Reconstruction of shapes from partial information is a problem arising in many scientific and engineering applications. We present a method for reconstructing a two-dimensional manifold from an unstructured collection of sampled points. The algorithm consists of two major steps. In the first step, we estimate the topological type of the manifold and also obtain a crude estimate of its geometry. In the second step, we improve the fit of the estimate to the data points, while keeping the topological type fixed.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Determination of optimum, transient experiments for thermal contact conductance

Abstract Some recent work indicates that the thermal contact conductance can vary significantly with time. In previous studies of transient cases, the analyses were restricted to cases utilizing either a thin specimen or thermocouples located at the interface. Because the contact conductance is a volume effect, these restrictions are frequently too severe. For this reason a method is presented for analyzing temperature data obtained from thermally thick specimens with the thermocouples not necessarily located at the interface. There are a number of possible transient experiments that might be employed, but they are not all equally as effective for determining the conductance. A criterion is given to permit comparisons between experiments; a number of possible experiments are compared utilizing this criterion. From this comparison some optimum experiments are indicated. These optimum experiments permit the contact conductance to be determined more accurately than utilizing other similar experiments with the same accuracy of the temperature measurements.
Best Linear Decoding of Random Mask Images

In 1968 Dicke proposed coded imaging of x and ? rays via random pinholes. Since then, many authors have agreed with him that this technique can offer significant image improvement. We present a best linear decoding of the coded image and show its superiority over the conventional matched filter decoding. Experimental results in the visible light region are presented.
RADIATIVE PROPERTIES OF MODEL GASES FOR APPLICATIONS IN RADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER

An approximate analysis of the radiative properties of gases is presented for use in problems of fluid mechanics involving radiative transfer of energy. The analytical expressions obtained are presented in a non-dimensional form which clarifies their meaning and gives insight into the numerical magnitudes of significant radiative properties. Results are presented for line and continuum spectral absorption coefficients as functions of frequency and temperature. The corresponding emission coefficients are integrated to obtain Planck mean absorption co-efficients. It is found, for example, that for monatomic gases in the temperature range considered, T < 30 000°K, the Planck mean for atomic lines always exceeds that for the continuum. Although the absorption coefficients for continuum radiation in this temperature range are greatest for frequencies above the ground state ionization frequency, the major contribution to the Planck mean absorption coefficient comes from frequencies below the ionization frequency. Comparison of the photon mean free paths with the particle mean free paths, shows that the Planck photon mfp is much longer than the particle mfp but that the photon mfp corresponding to the peak line absorption coefficient is much shorter than the particle mfp.
ON STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING WITH DATA THAT ARE NOT MISSING COMPLETELY AT RANDOM

A general latent variable model is given which includes the specification of a missing data mechanism. This framework allows for an elucidating discussion of existing general multivariate theory bearing on maximum likelihood estimation with missing data. Here, missing completely at random is not a prerequisite for unbiased estimation in large samples, as when using the traditional listwise or pairwise present data approaches. The theory is connected with old and new results in the area of selection and factorial invariance. It is pointed out that in many applications, maximum likelihood estimation with missing data may be carried out by existing structural equation modeling software, such as LISREL and LISCOMP. Several sets of artifical data are generated within the general model framework. The proposed estimator is compared to the two traditional ones and found superior.
The fracture resistance of 1420 and 1421 Al-Mg-Li alloys

The resistance to stable crack growth in 1420-T6 (Al-5Mg-2.1Li-0.1Zr-0.01Sc, less than 0.06Fe, in wt pct) and 1421-T6 (Al-4.7Mg-1.9Li-0.09Zr-0.2Sc, less than 0.06Fe) Al-Mg-Li alloys was investigated, based on the R curves generated in accordance with ASTM E561-86 and fractography analyses. The crack resistance of 1420 and 1421 alloys was found to be comparable to that of the conventional Space Shuttle External Tank Al alloy, 2219-T87. The main differences in the fracture behaviors arose from differences in the alloys' microstructures. In the case of 1420 alloy, a slightly enhanced toughness behavior was observed, due to the T-phase precipitates, which may have promoted more homogeneous deformation and enhanced microvoid coalescence. In the case of 1421 alloy, the addition of Sc led to a refined grain size and resulted in slightly reduced toughness.
Systems Identification Approach for a Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Based Aeroelastic Analysis

This paper presents a novel state-space model-based systems identification method for accurate and efficient simulation of the aeroelastic phenomenon of flight vehicles, among others. Both structural and fluid discretization are achieved by the common finite element method, their interactions being modeled by the transpiration boundary condition technique. The computational fluid dynamics analysis is valid for either inviscid or viscous flow, and structural deformation is assumed to be small in nature. A number of example problems are solved by the systems identification procedure, developed herein, and such results are compared with that obtained by the direct time-marched analysis method reported earlier. The examples include a cantilever wing with a NACA 0012 airfoil, the Hyper X launch vehicle, and the F/A-18 AAW aircraft. These analysis results show a considerable improvement in central processing unit solution time for the new systems identification procedure over the usual time-marched solution.
Analysis of dynamic sensor coverage problem using Kalman filters for estimation

Abstract We introduce a theoretical framework for the dynamic sensor coverage problem for the case with multiple discrete time linear stochastic systems placed at spacially separate locations. The objective is to keep an appreciable estimate of the states of the systems at all times by deploying a few limited range mobile sensors. The sensors implement a Kalman filter to estimate the states of all the systems. In this paper we present results for a single sensor executing two different random motion strategies. Under the first strategy the sensor motion is an independent and identically distributed random process and a discrete time discrete state ergodic Markov chain under the second strategy. For both these strategies we give conditions under which a single sensor fails or succeeds to solve the dynamic coverage problem. We also demonstrate that the conditions for the first strategy are a special case of the main result for the second strategy.
The Evolving Role of 3D Domain Swapping in Proteins

Abstract 3D domain swapping is increasingly implicated in amyloidosis but also has potential functional advantages in soluble proteins. Indeed, the structure of an NF-κB p50 mutant (Chirgadze et al., 2004) demonstrates that 3D domain swapping can rescue function after a destabilizing mutation. This work has wider implications for the evolution of protein oligomers.
A new high-order immersed interface method for solving elliptic equations with imbedded interface of discontinuity

This paper presents a new high-order immersed interface method for elliptic equations with imbedded interface of discontinuity. Compared with the original second-order immersed interface method of [R.J. LeVeque, Z. Li. The immersed interface method for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients and singular sources. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 31 (1994) 1001-25], the new method achieves arbitrarily high-order accuracy for derivatives at an irregular grid point by imposing only two physical jump conditions together with a wider set of grid stencils. The new interface difference formulas are expressed in a general explicit form so that they can be applied to different multi-dimensional problems without any modification. The new interface algorithms of up to O(h^4) accuracy have been derived and tested on several one and two-dimensional elliptic equations with imbedded interface. Compared to the standard second-order immersed interface method, the test results show that the new fourth-order immersed interface method leads to a significant improvement in accuracy of the numerical solutions. The proposed method has potential advantages in the application to two-phase flow because of its high-order accuracy and simplicity in applications.
Mice lacking major brain gangliosides develop parkinsonism.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that affects nearly 1% of the global population aged 65 and older. Whereas palliative treatments are in use, the goal of blocking progression of motor and cognitive disability remains unfulfilled. A better understanding of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD would help to advance that goal. The present study provides evidence that brain ganglioside abnormality, in particular GM1, may be involved. This is based on use of the genetically altered mice with disrupted gene Galgt1 for GM2/GD2 synthase which depletes GM2/GD2 and all the gangliotetraose gangliosides that constitute the major molecular species of brain. These knockout mice show overt motor disability on aging and clear indications of motor impairment with appropriate testing at an earlier age. This disability was rectified by L-dopa administration. These mice show other characteristic symptoms of PD, including depletion of striatal dopamine (DA), loss of DA neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, and aggregation of alpha synuclein. These manifestations of parkinsonism were largely attenuated by administration of LIGA-20, a membrane permeable analog of GM1 that penetrates the blood brain barrier and enters living neurons. These results suggest that perturbation of intracellular mechanisms mediated by intracellular GM1 may be a contributing factor to PD.
Line Search Filter Methods for Nonlinear Programming: Local Convergence

A line search method is proposed for nonlinear programming using Fletcher and Leyffer's filter method, which replaces the traditional merit function. A simple modification of the method proposed in a companion paper [SIAM J. Optim., 16 (2005), pp. 1--31] introducing second order correction steps is presented. It is shown that the proposed method does not suffer from the Maratos effect, so that fast local convergence to second order sufficient local solutions is achieved.
Formation and reduction of the oxygen layer on cold-worked platinum-gold alloys in acid solutions

Abstract Periodic potentiostatic current/potential curves have been measured at 30°C on platinum-gold alloys with gold contents from 5 to 70 at. % in N H2SO4 and N HClO4 at 30 and 300 mV/s. The curves exhibit a characteristic shape with two reduction waves during the cathodic sweep. To a first approximation the current/potential curves can be considered to be composed additively of the respective curves of the pure metals under consideration of the gold content.
Phoenix Mars Scout Landing Risk Assessment

The Phoenix Mars Scout lander touchdown event is described along with critical variables that determine the risk to its success. Hazards due to terrain slopes and surface rocks are considered in terms of both basic touchdown survival and science team requirements. Dynamic analyses of the landing are described as well as geometric static analyses of potential rock interferences with the solar array deployments. These data are summarized and the total risk to the lander is quantified for use in landing site certification.
Temperature-dependent coupling of low frequency adsorbate vibrations to metal substrate electrons

The vibrational response of CO on Cu( 111 ) is examined following femtosecond visible pulse excitation of the substrate. We consider the effects of excitation pulse fluence on vibrational energy transfer between the CO low frequency frustrated translation and metal substrate electrons. The temperature dependent coupling rate is extracted from our data using a dynamical charge transfer model. A zero temperature coupling rate of ~,0 = 25(4-7) GHz (r ° = 40(4-8) ps) is found to account for the energy transfer between the substrate electrons and the frustrated translation vibration.
Local Deformations Revealed by Dynamics Simulations of DNA Polymerase β with DNA Mismatches at the Primer Terminus

Nanosecond dynamics simulations for DNA polymerase b (pol b)/DNA complexes with three mismatched base-pairs, namely GG, CA, or CC (primer/template) at the DNA polymerase active site, are performed to investigate the mechanism of polymerase opening and how the mispairs may affect the DNA extension step; these trajectories are compared to the behavior of a pol b/DNA complex with the correct GC base-pair, and assessed with the aid of targeted molecular dynamics (TMD) simulations of all systems from the closed to the open enzyme state. DNA polymerase conformational changes (subdomain closing and opening) have been suggested to play a critical role in DNA synthesis fidelity, since these changes are associated with the formation of the substrate-binding pocket for the nascent base-pair. Here we observe different large C-terminal subdomain (thumb) opening motions in the simulations of pol b with GC versus GG base-pairs. Whereas the conformation of pol b in the former approaches the observed open state in the crystal structures, the enzyme in the latter does not. Analyses of the motions of active-site protein/ DNA residues help explain these differences. Interestingly, rotation of Arg258 toward Asp192, which coordinates both active-site metal ions in the closed “active” complex, occurs rapidly in the GG simulation. We have previously suggested that this rotation is a key slow step in the closed to open transition. TMD simulations also point to a unique pathway for Arg258 rotation in the GG mispair complex. Simulations of the mismatched systems also reveal distorted geometries in the active site of all the mispair complexes examined. The hierarchy of the distortions (GG . CC . CA) parallels the experimentally deduced inability of pol b to extend these mispairs. Such local distortions would be expected to cause inefficient DNA extension and polymerase dissociation and thereby might lead to proofreading by an extrinsic exonuclease. Thus, our studies on the dynamics of pol b opening in mismatch systems provide structural and dynamic insights to explain experimental results regarding inefficient DNA extension following misincorporation; these details shed light on how proofreading may be invoked by the abnormal active-site geometry. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Effect of Word-length Precision on the Performance of MIMO Systems

In this paper, we investigate the effect of quantization noise and roundoff errors involved in finite-precision (FP) signal processing on the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receivers under flat-fading channel conditions. We simulated the performance degradation with FP for six transmission schemes, namely the Alamouti transmit diversity scheme, spatial multiplexing (SM) under maximum-likelihood (ML) detection, SM under ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) for (2 times 2) MIMO, orthogonal space-time block code (STBC), quasi-orthogonal STBC for (4 times 2) MIMO and interference cancellation with two (2 times 2) Alamouti scheme. We also provide a procedure to analyze roundoff errors in FP MIMO receivers and quantify the effective decision-point SNR. The quantified variance of accumulated quantization noise and decision-point SNR for FP Alamouti scheme corroborates the simulation result. Finally, we provide the minimum word-length precision requirements for these schemes.
Beyond the AlGaN/GaN HEMT: new concepts for high-speed transistors

Solid state power amplifiers operating at mm- and sub-mm-wave frequencies are key components of numerous communication, sensors and defense systems. Nitride semiconductors have the potential to provide unprecedented levels of power at these frequencies. However, a multidimensional design and optimization is required to achieve acceptable levels of power gain and efficiency at high frequencies. In this paper we discuss some of the main challenges to increase the operating frequency of nitride transistors. New solutions are proposed to increase the electron confinement, electron velocity and access resistances of deeply scaled devices (Abstract figure) and to unleash their great potential. Scanning electron micrograph of the 40 nm gate in an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility optimized for mm-wave applications.
A Case of Intrathoracic Omental Herniation through the Esophageal Hiatus in a Patient with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Correspondence to Joon Seok Oh, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Bong Seng Memorial Hospital, 401 Jungang-daero, Dong-gu, Busan 601-723, Korea Tel: +82-51-664-4220, Fax: +82-51-664-4229, E-mail: j-seok@hanmail.net Copyrightc 2014 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 지속성 외래 복막투석 환자에서 발생한 흉강 내 그물막 탈장 1예
Study of the mass spectrometric behaviors of anthocyanins in negative ionization mode and its applications for characterization of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin polyphenols

RATIONALE Traditionally, anthocyanin analysis in mass spectrometry is carried out in the positive ionization mode only. A study of the mass spectrometric behaviors of anthocyanins in the negative ionization mode revealed interesting characteristics that was not previously reported. It can be used to differentiate anthocyanins from other non-anthocyanin polyphenols. METHODS An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/HRMS) method was developed. The method used multiple-stage mass fragmentation in both the negative and positive ion modes. The whole cycle time of the new method is 1.8 s for two full scans and six data-dependent scans. RESULTS The new strategy found, in the negative ionization mode, a series of characteristic ions, e.g. [M–2H]–, [M–2H + H2O]– , formic acid adducts, and doubly charged ions were observed for the MS analysis of anthocyanins. The characteristic ions can be used for identification and differentiation of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds. Comprehensive studies were performed on the differentiation of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin polyphenols in blueberry (Vaccinium cyanococcus), Hongcaitai (Brassica compestris L. var. purpurea Bailey), and red radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 'Shinrimei'). CONCLUSIONS The data generated from a single LC run enables rapid and reliable differentiation and identification of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanins in botanicals and foods. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Global-aware and multi-order context-based prefetching for high-performance processors

Data prefetching is widely used in high-end computing systems to accelerate data accesses and to bridge the increasing performance gap between processor and memory. Context-based prefetching has become a primary focus of study in recent years due to its general applicability. However, current context-based prefetchers only adopt the context analysis of a single order, which suffers from low prefetching coverage and thus limits the overall prefetching effectiveness. Also, existing approaches usually consider the context of the address stream from a single instruction but not the context of the address stream from all instructions, which further limits the context-based prefetching effectiveness. In this study, we propose a new context-based prefetcher called the Global-aware and Multi-order Context-based (GMC) prefetcher. The GMC prefetcher uses multi-order, local and global context analysis to increase prefetching coverage while maintaining prefetching accuracy. In extensive simulation testing of the SPEC-CPU2006 benchmarks with an enhanced CMP$im simulator, the proposed GMC prefetcher was shown to outperform existing prefetchers and to reduce the data-access latency effectively. The average Instructions Per Cycle (IPC) improvement of SPEC CINT2006 and CFP2006 benchmarks with GMC prefetching was over 55% and 44% respectively.
Approaches to Self-Care in Late Life:

The preponderance of research on self-care examines behaviors and attitudes while overlooking individual conceptualizations of this domain. Qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews regarding health beliefs explored ways of taking care of oneself among 50 older people. The dialogue of individuals was categorized into three overall approaches to self-care. Although one approach dominated the narratives of most individuals, participants referred to more than one way to take care of themselves. Variations in approaches depended on setting or social context. Participants' approaches to self-care were also explained in terms of their perceptions of aging and their past experiences, as expressed in their images of themselves as self-carers.
Prolonged exposure of canine coronary arteries to a nitric oxide donor desensitizes soluble guanylate cyclase

Background This study investigated the role of soluble guanylate cyclase desensitization in the development of tolerance to organic nitrates. Materials and methods In organ baths, canine coronary arteries were exposed to either sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (experimental group) or papaverine (control group) at various concentrations (10−9, 10−7, or 10−5 M) for 3 h. Arteries were then compared for response to vascular agonists and for inducible cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) formation. Results KCl (5 to 50 mM) and prostaglandin F2α (10−9 to 10−5 M) induced similar vascular contractions (n = 7, P > 0.05). Vascular relaxation in response to calcium ionophore A23187 (10−9 to 10−6 M) and to authentic nitric oxide (NO) (3 × 10−9 to 10−5 M) was attenuated in arteries exposed to SNP at 10−7 and 10−5 M concentrations but not at a 10−9 M concentration (n = 7 each, P Conclusions Prolonged exposure of coronary arteries to SNP did not alter vascular smooth muscle function, but it markedly attenuated the relaxation in response to both A23187 and authentic NO at concentrations above 10−9 M in a concentration-dependent fashion. The constant levels of cGMP in response to an NO donor suggest that the attenuation of relaxation is due to desensitization of soluble guanylate cyclase. Thus, this study supports the role of soluble guanylate cyclase desensitization in the development of tolerance to organic nitrates.
Use of enoxaparin for the chronically anticoagulated patient before and after procedures

Patients who require chronic anticoagulation and a procedure have been traditionally managed either by stopping warfarin and starting intravenous standard heparin or by adjusted dose subcutaneous standard heparin or taken off all anticoagulation for a week before the procedure. Enoxaparin may be useful as an alternative method of anticoagulation, avoiding hospitalization and the need for frequent monitoring.
Wnt/β-catenin mediates radiation resistance of Sca1+ progenitors in an immortalized mammary gland cell line

The COMMA-Dbeta-geo cell line has been shown to contain a permanent subpopulation of progenitor cells that are enriched in outgrowth potential. Using the COMMA-Dbeta-geo cell line as a model, we sought to study the radioresistance of mammary progenitor cells. Using the putative progenitor cell marker stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1), we were able to isolate a discrete subpopulation of Sca1(+) multipotent cells from the immortalized COMMA-Dbeta-geo murine mammary cell line. At a clinically relevant dose, the Sca1(+) cells were resistant to radiation (2 Gy). Sca1(+) cells contained fewer gamma-H2AX(+) DNA damage foci following irradiation, displayed higher levels of endogenous beta-catenin, and selectively upregulated survivin after radiation. Expression of active beta-catenin enhanced self-renewal preferentially in the Sca1(+) cells, whereas suppressing beta-catenin with a dominant negative, beta-engrailed, decreased self-renewal of the Sca1(+) cells. Understanding the radioresistance of progenitor cells may be an important factor in improving the treatment of cancer. The COMMA-Dbeta-geo cell line may provide a useful model to study the signaling pathways that control mammary progenitor cell regulation.
Inhibition of glutamine synthetase in the central nucleus of the amygdala induces anhedonic behavior and recurrent seizures in a rat model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

The prevalence of depression and suicide is increased in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE); however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Anhedonia, a core symptom of depression that is predictive of suicide, is common in patients with MTLE. Glutamine synthetase, an astrocytic enzyme that metabolizes glutamate and ammonia to glutamine, is reduced in the amygdala in patients with epilepsy and depression and in suicide victims. Here, we sought to develop a novel model of anhedonia in MTLE by testing the hypothesis that deficiency in glutamine synthetase in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) leads to epilepsy and comorbid anhedonia. Nineteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an osmotic pump infusing either the glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine [MSO (n=12)] or phosphate buffered saline [PBS (n=7)] into the right CeA. Seizure activity was monitored by video-intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings for 21days after the onset of MSO infusion. Sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia, was assessed after 21days. Methionine sulfoximine-infused rats exhibited recurrent seizures during the monitoring period and showed decreased sucrose preference over days when compared with PBS-infused rats (p<0.01). Water consumption did not differ between the PBS-treated group and the MSO-treated group. Neurons were lost in the CeA, but not the medial amygdala, lateral amygdala, basolateral amygdala, or the hilus of the dentate gyrus, in the MSO-treated rats. The results suggest that decreased glutamine synthetase activity in the CeA is a possible common cause of anhedonia and seizures in TLE. We propose that the MSO CeA model can be used for mechanistic studies that will lead to the development and testing of novel drugs to prevent seizures, depression, and suicide in patients with TLE.
Multisensor visualization for underwater archaeology

The problems particular to underwater archaeology are discussed. The underwater archaeology study of three sunken ships is then described. They are the USS Monitor, Hamilton and Scourge. Future prospects with respect to improved technology are indicated. From depths prohibitive to human divers, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) send back acoustic and optical data to archaeologists safe and comfortable aboard ship. Sonars give the big picture, and acoustic data can be processed to extract spatial information: shape and relative placement of artifacts. Still cameras and video document fine-scale features, allowing an archaeologist to identify and date underwater relics. New computational and graphics technologies afford scientists and engineers a visual means of digesting the massive information flow from state-of-the-art ROVs. >
An Automated Osmometer

A freezing-point apparatus, which measures osmotic pressure by determining freezing-point depression, was modified by incorporating a slowly rotating circular tray with space for 30 sample vials, and a sample pick-up device. The instrument is designed to automatically pick up a cuvet containing a 2-ml. specimen of serum, urine, spinal fluid, or any biologic fluid, and to cool, supercool, freeze, and record the osmolality of each sample. The pick-up device, consisting of a thermistor bridge null-point detector unit and 2 stirrers in an adapter unit, is automatically rinsed and dried after each determination. A sample reject system is incorporated in the event samples freeze improperly. A direct reading recorder is attached to the osmometer and gives a linear response in milliosmols per kilogram. The average time for individual sampling and recording of final data is 4 min. Thirty samples can be set up and run automatically with minimum direct supervision in 2 hr. The reproducibility of this instrument showed an error not greater than ± 4 mosm./kg. The results of normal and abnormal physiologic osmolalities are reported and the effect of protein and carbohydrate on urine osmolality and specific gravity is examined.
Eigenvalues of Ikeda lifts

In this paper, we compute explicit formulas for the Hecke eigenvalues of Ikeda lifts. These formulas, though complicated, are obtained by purely elementary techniques.
Promise of Relationship-Focused Early Intervention in Developmental Disabilities:

This review compares two approaches to parent-infant intervention in developmental disabilities. The first, a parent training approach, instructs parents to carry out therapeutic and/or curriculum-based procedures under the supervision of an intervention specialist. The second, a relationship-focused approach, attempts to foster adaptive parent-infant and parent-professional relationships and to promote generalized parent competence. Several sources of program validation are consulted to support the promise of relationship-focused early intervention in families of developmentally disabled infants. The review describes the characteristics and preliminary findings of a relationship-focused intervention program for high-risk or developmentally disabled infants under the authors' direction.
Body/Building: Living the Museum Life in Early Modern Europe

In 1742 the Bolognese Senate transferred the contents of two seventeenth-century museums from their shared home in the Palazzo Pubbhco, in the city center, to a building in the heart of the city's university district, the Palazzo Poggi, which had recently come under tha jurisdiction of Bologna's nawly foundad Institute of the Sciences. In his contemporary account of the early days of the Institute, Giuseppe Gaetano Bolletti writes of one of the two collections, that of the Bolognese marchese and Medici courtier
Local Administration of Social Assistance Programs in Russia

This paper presents the results of surveying nine offices charged with administering social assistance programs in four Russian municipalities. The accent is on the basics of program administration and management. Topics studied include client flow, eligibility verification procedures, the presence of a procedures manual for in-take workers, quality control procedures, and training. The findings are sobering and emphasize the need for the Russian government to assist municipalities to strengthen their administrative capacity through a combination of exhortation and leadership, provision of written guidance materials--on good administrative practices and program-specific regulations and procedures--and a national program of seminars for supervisors of various programs.
Identification of cpxR as a Positive Regulator Essential for Expression of the Shigella sonnei virF Gene

virF is the master regulator which activates the virulence determinant genes of Shigella spp. such as ipaBCD and virG. We previously reported that expression of virF itself is regulated in a pH-dependent manner and that cpxA, a sensor of a two-component regulatory system, is involved in this regulation (S. Nakayama and H. Watanabe, J. Bacteriol. 177:5062-5069, 1995). Disruption of cpxR, which has been thought to be the cognate response regulator of cpxA (J. Dong, S. Iuchi, H.-S. Kwan, Z. Lue, and E. C. C. Lin, Gene 136:227-230, 1993), abolished virF expression almost completely. Purified CpxR bound directly to the upstream region of virF. Binding capacity was enhanced when CpxR was phosphorylated by coincubation with acetyl phosphate in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that phosphorylated CpxR could activate virF transcription in vitro. These results clearly indicated that CpxR was an essential activator for virF expression and strongly suggested that the binding of phosphorylated CpxR to the target site upstream of the virF gene induced a direct activation of virF transcription.
On Modeling Cross-Talk Faults

Circuit marginality failures in high performance VLSI circuits are projected to increase due to shrinking process geometries and high frequency design techniques. Capacitive cross coupling between interconnects is known to be a prime contributor to such failures. In this paper, we present novel techniques to model and prioritize capacitive cross-talk faults. Experimental results are provided to show effectiveness of the proposed modeling technique on industrial circuits.
Electromagnetic scattering from a flat plate with rim loading and RAM saving

The problem of electromagnetic scattering from a plate with a rim loading for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations is investigated. The analysis is based on the work of R. Tiberio et al. (ibid., vol.AP-33, no.8, p.867-73, 1985) on the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction analysis of a wedge with two face impedances. The two-dimensional field is converted into three-dimensional field using Siegel's 2-D to 3-D conversion formula. The corner effects are neglected. The width of the coating around the edges which gives the same result as a uniformly coated plate of the same size is estimated. Hence, the percentage of saving of radar-absorbing material (RAM) can also be estimated for practical application in radar cross-section (RCS) reduction problems. >
Relationship of hepatitis C genotype 1 NS5A sequence mutations to early phase viral kinetics and interferon effectiveness.

The interferon (IFN) sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein is controversially implicated in determining IFN-α-sustained viral response for HCV genotype 1-infected patients. Because the NS5A protein interferes with protein kinase antiviral activity, this study attempted to determine whether ISDR amino acid mutation number would correlate better with IFN effectiveness to inhibit virus production and elicit early virus clearance. Early viral kinetic data from 22 genotype 1-infected patients treated with high-dose IFN was compared with ISDR mutation number. IFN effectiveness and first-phase viral log decline correlated directly with ISDR mutation number (P =.02). Mean mutation number was higher among rapid responders (3.7 ± 1.0; n = 6) than among nonresponders (1.3 ± 1.0; n = 16) (P =.001). Also, second-phase viral log decline and calculated hepatocyte death rate correlated directly with ISDR mutation number (P =.01). This supports a dual effector role for NS5A, which regulates virus production and immune clearance early in therapy.
Piecewise equivalence of quadratic forms

(1983). Piecewise equivalence of quadratic forms. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 183-217.
Electro-kinetically assisted liposomal drug delivery system for characterization of ex-vivo cell-drug interactions

This work presents a strategy to perform ex-vivo cell-drug interaction studies through electro-kinetically assisted drug delivery system. Here, we present a novel technique to electro- kinetically control the vesicles carrying drug to deliver to pre-determined locations. In order to achieve efficient targeted drug delivery, effect of electrokinetic attractive and repulsive forces on liposomes and target cells were studied and presented. The device consists of a simple bifurcated microfluidic chamber and microelectrodes that assist in carrying the liposomes to the target location. To test the prototype, fully grown human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293) and trypsin as test drug was used. External electrical signal with voltages less than of 5 V peak-to- peak (Vpp) for cells and 10 Vpp for liposomes were applied over a spectrum of frequencies to study the effect of electrokinetic forces. Through this label-free method, we were able to study loading and unloading efficiency of the drug without altering the natural properties of the liposomes and target cells. In this study, characterization and performance comparison studies for two different types of materials (HEK cells and liposomes) were performed. We were able to achieve an overall efficiency of approximately 85%. Various electrical parameters such as applied voltage, frequency and conductivity were manipulated to study the drug-cell interaction. This electrokinetic based method will be highly applicable in understanding the effect on drugs on cell populations ex vivo.
Construction and Persistent-Mode Operation of $\hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Coils in the Range 10–15 K for a 0.5-T/240-mm Cold Bore MRI Magnet

This paper presents construction and persistentmode operation results of MgB 2 coils for a 0.5-T/240-mm cold bore MRI magnet, wind-and-react with monofilament MgB 2 wire at the MIT Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory. The magnet, of respective inner and outer diameters of 276 and 290 mm and a total height of 460 mm, has center field of 0.5 T and current density of !! kA/cm 2 . To limit the continuous length of Hyper Tech supplied MgB 2 monofilament wire to ≤ 300 m, the magnet was divided into eight series-connected coils, each equipped with a persistent current switch and a superconducting joint. We have manufactured three coil modules. Before being tested as an assembly, each coil was tested individually to ensure its capacity to carry 100-A superconducting current in the range of !0-!5 K. The three coils were then assembled, connected in series, and operated as a 3-coil assembly in persistent mode at nearly !00 A in the range of 10-15 K. We present results that include: 1) construction details; 2) component performances; and 3) a 3-coil assembly performance.
The Loneliness Curriculum of Psychiatric Training.

The young psychiatrist is learning to cope with such remarks. He feels his internal shield go up and a sense of separation arise. Though he has masked his feelings of awkwardness with bantering, he carries resentment for his membership in a residency program that has brought on the isolation he experiences at the table. The literature points to the consequences of loneliness for further psychological and health problems. A 1988 Science article underscored the importance of this issue. “Social relationships, or the relative lack thereof, constitute a major risk factor for health—rivaling the effect of well-established health risk factors such as cigarette smoking, blood pressure, blood lipids, obesity and physical activity” [1]. Loneliness is a risk factor for increased blood pressure, insomnia, and heart disease as well as a number of psychiatric disorders. In a series of elegant articles, Cacioppo and colleagues have elucidated the biological mechanisms and psychiatric consequences of loneliness. Their work shows that loneliness is a risk factor for depression, and that loneliness longitudinally negatively predicts subjective well-being [2–4]. Loneliness is an issue for many mental health practitioners. Studies have identified higher rates of stress, substance use, depression, suicide, and behavioral and disciplinary problems for psychiatrists compared to physicians in most other specialties [5]. In a survey of 75 community psychiatrists, 38 (51 %) reported isolation as a specific emotional problem [6]. In a survey of 60 psychotherapists working in a variety of settings, participants reported that the isolation required to conduct therapeutic work contributed to high rates of burnout [7]. This experience may start early in the career for many physicians. In fact, loneliness has been associated with medical students and residents encountering psychological difficulties during training [8]. Loneliness has been characterized in different ways—an experience of social isolation following a move, for example, or a change in social status [9]. It is often described as an internal emotional experience despite the social surround. Luanaigh suggests that loneliness itself can be conceptualized in a biopsychosocial framework to characterize the entire scope of this phenomenon [10]. While the capacity to enjoy solitude is a hallmark of adult actualization, loneliness tends to have a negative connotation of being sad, lost, and yearning. A review of the literature underscores the risks of loneliness in the geriatric population and the medically ill and stigmatized populations of our society [11–13]. Of interest, there is a paucity of the literature regarding particular vulnerabilities to the experience of loneliness in professional training programs.We believe that psychiatric practice may confer particular risks for the development of loneliness and that this experience may begin in training. This should be addressed early to prevent untoward consequences. * Jeffrey Katzman jekatzman@salud.unm.edu
Fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry for the quantification of absolute concentrations and adsorption dynamics.

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry has depended on background subtraction to quantify small changes in neurotransmitter concentration. Because of this requirement, measurements of absolute concentrations using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry have been limited. Here we develop and characterize fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry (FSCAV), which enables direct measurements of absolute concentrations in vitro without the use of flow injection to change the concentration. This enables probing the diffusion-controlled adsorption dynamics of biogenic amines and other adsorbing species. An implicit finite-difference model of mass-transport-limited adsorption was developed and is in agreement with experimental results. Optimization of FSCAV yielded a sensitivity of 81 ± 11 nA/μM for dopamine, corresponding to a limit of detection of 3.7 ± 0.5 nM. Through the combination of novel instrumentation and validated computer simulations, we show that FSCAV is an important measurement tool that can be used to determine abso...
Testing the role of convergence in language acquisition, with implications for creole genesis:

The main objective of this paper is to test experimentally the role of convergence in language acquisition (second language acquisition specifically), with implications for creole genesis. Although there is ample evidence that similar features in languages in contact are enhanced both in second language acquisition and the creation of new languages, scholars are rarely explicit about the exact nature of that similarity and have not been in a position to observe convergence in progress. Our experiment is unique on two fronts as it is the first to use an artificial language to test the convergence hypothesis by making it observable, and it is also the first experimental study to clarify the notion of similarity by varying the levels and types of similarity that are expressed. We report an experiment with 94 English-speaking adults, designed to test how language learners acquire a new language in which the form and function (meaning) of linguistic items are either similar to or distinct from those in their L1. A miniature artificial language was created that included morphological elements to express negation and pluralization. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: congruent (form and function of novel grammatical morphemes were highly similar to those in English), reversed (negative grammatical morpheme was highly similar to that of English plural, and plural grammatical morpheme was highly similar to that of English negation), and novel (form and function were highly dissimilar to those of English). For each task, scores were entered into a one-way ANOVA with condition as the between-subjects factor. Participants in the congruent condition performed best, indicating that features that converge across form and function are learned most fully. More surprisingly, results showed that participants in the reversed condition acquired the language more readily than those in the novel condition, contrary to expectation. This experiment contributes to a more fine-grained understanding of what degree of similarity promotes acquisition and language creation and provides evidence that form-function mapping promotes learning over form or function alone; crucially, the study challenges the received assumption that acquiring features that are totally novel may be easier than acquiring “reversed” features whose form maps onto L1 but whose function is distinct from it.