cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel High Content Imaging-Based Screen Identifies the Anti-Helminthic Niclosamide as an Inhibitor of Lysosome Anterograde Trafficking and Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion

Lysosome trafficking plays a significant role in tumor invasion, a key event for the development of metastasis. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that the anterograde (outward) movement of lysosomes to the cell surface in response to certain tumor microenvironment stimulus, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or acidic extracellular pH (pHe), increases cathepsin B secretion and tumor cell invasion. Anterograde lysosome trafficking depends on sodium-proton exchanger activity and can be reversed by blocking these ion pumps with Troglitazone or EIPA. Since these drugs cannot be advanced into the clinic due to toxicity, we have designed a high-content assay to discover drugs that block peripheral lysosome trafficking with the goal of identifying novel drugs that inhibit tumor cell invasion. An automated high-content imaging system (Cellomics) was used to measure the position of lysosomes relative to the nucleus. Among a total of 2210 repurposed and natural product drugs screened, 18 "hits" were identified. One of the compounds identified as an anterograde lysosome trafficking inhibitor was niclosamide, a marketed human anti-helminthic drug. Further studies revealed that niclosamide blocked acidic pHe, HGF, and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced anterograde lysosome redistribution, protease secretion, motility, and invasion of DU145 castrate resistant prostate cancer cells at clinically relevant concentrations. In an effort to identify the mechanism by which niclosamide prevented anterograde lysosome movement, we found that this drug exhibited no significant effect on the level of ATP, microtubules or actin filaments, and had minimal effect on the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Niclosamide collapsed intralysosomal pH without disruption of the lysosome membrane, while bafilomycin, an agent that impairs lysosome acidification, was also found to induce JLA in our model. Taken together, these data suggest that niclosamide promotes juxtanuclear lysosome aggregation (JLA) via modulation of pathways involved in lysosome acidification. In conclusion, we have designed a validated reproducible high-content assay to screen for drugs that inhibit lysosome trafficking and reduce tumor invasion and we summarize the action of one of these drugs.
On the Role of Fusion-Fission Hybrids in the Nuclear Future of the United States and the Western World

The roles of fusion-fission hybrids and fast breeders in the nuclear futures of the United States and the world as a whole (outside centrally planned economy areas) have been examined. The primary objectives have been: 1. to determine whether hybrids can allow the projected nuclear component of the energy demand to be met within current estimates of uranium resources with and without fast breeders 2. to identify the time window for hybrid introduction that would allow the demand to be met within the resource base and how such a window is affected by market penetration constraints and hybrid coupling scenarios with the fission industry.
Shear stress-induced volume decrease in C11-MDCK cells by BK-α/β4

Large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels (BK) are expressed in principal cells (PC) and intercalated cells (IC) in mammalian nephrons as BK-α/β1 and BK-α/β4, respectively. IC, which protrude into the lumens of tubules, express substantially more BK than PC despite lacking sufficient Na-K-ATPase to support K secretion. We previously showed in mice that IC exhibit size reduction when experiencing high distal flows induced by a high-K diet. We therefore tested the hypothesis that BK-α/β4 are regulators of IC volume via a shear stress (τ)-induced, calcium-dependent mechanism, resulting in a reduction in intracellular K content. We determined by Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis that C11-Madin-Darby canine kidney cells contained a predominance of BK-α/β4. To determine the role of BK-α/β4 in τ-induced volume reduction, we exposed C11 cells to τ and measured K efflux by flame photometry and cell volume by calcein staining, which changes inversely to cell volume. With 10 dynes/cm2, calcein intensity significantly increased 39% and monovalent cationic content decreased significantly by 37% compared with static conditions. Furthermore, the shear-induced K loss from C11 was abolished by the reduction of extracellular calcium, addition of 5 mM TEA, or BK-β4 small interfering (si) RNA, but not by addition of nontarget siRNA. These results show that BK-α/β4 plays a role in shear-induced K loss from IC, suggesting that BK-α/β4 regulate IC volume during high-flow conditions. Furthermore, these results support the use of C11 cells as in vitro models for studying BK-related functions in IC of the kidney.
Occupational Trends in Mass Communication in the Southern U.S.

Technology has radically transformed mass communication industries in the past two decades, changing organizational workflow processes and workforce composition. Occupational analysis can provide deeper insight into the extent of industry change. This descriptive study examines employment trends for seven mass communication occupations in the United States, with particular emphasis on the southern region. Mass communication occupations studied include radio and television announcers, broadcast news analysts, reporters and correspondents, public relations specialists, editors, technical writers, and writers and authors. Trends in the southern U.S. are compared with the rest of the country.
Prioritizing Riparian Conservation: A Methodology Developed for the Santa Clara River, California

Riparian ecosystems perform many important ecological functions, but human activities have seriously altered and degraded these systems. To avoid continued habitat loss and associated losses in biodiversity, lands that contain intact riparian habitat can be acquired and managed for conservation values and degraded riparian areas can be restored. The Nature Conservancy (the Conservancy) is implementing a riparian conservation project on the Santa Clara River in Ventura County, California that includes both approaches. Because larger restoration projects have faster recovery rates and are more self-sustaining, the Conservancy is protecting and restoring as much contiguous riparian habitat as possible using a “conservation nodes” approach. To this end, we have begun acquisition of high-value parcels, and have developed a methodology for prioritizing additional land acquisition and restoration actions on the river. The methodology is based on quantitative measures of five criteria for 68 discrete parcels of real property contained within five nodes designated as high priority for conservation. The criteria were combined into a score for each parcel. We found that the five nodes varied in terms of their average parcel score, and in terms of the completeness of parcel acquisition. Nine of the top 20 scoring parcels have yet to be acquired by a conservation entity. We also found that the potential conservation value to be gained by restoring all of the parcels within a node varies by node. Conservation entities using this prioritization approach can phase implementation of large-scale projects by allowing restoration work to begin while acquisition efforts continue.
Four synchronous primary malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Report of two cases.

Two cases of four synchronous primary carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract are reported. In 1 the four lesions were confined to the colon. Only 5 similar cases have been recorded in the English literature.
The Birth of a Handicapped Child: A Wholistic Model for Grieving

Loss is part of our everyday life. However, the potential for loss is rarely anticipated in having a child. The birth of a baby is usually thought of with great expectation by the parents and family members. Most family members develop certain expectations, wishes and fantasies during the course of the pregnancy and these dreams embody their hopes for the future. The possibility of this anticipated relationship is abruptly terminated with the birth of a handicapped child. In the United States a major malformation occurs in 2 of every 100 births (Klaus & Kennell, 1976). The birth of a child with congenital malformations presents complex challenges to the family. Yet despite the relatively large number of infants with anomalies, understanding of the grieving process and the development of parental attachment to the malformed infant remains incomplete. During the course of a normal pregnancy, the parents develop a mental picture of their baby. The imagined baby is a composite of impressions and desires derived from the parents' own experiences. Although the degree
High voltage transmission-tower detection method based on high-resolution remote sensing image

High voltage transmission-tower is one of the most important fundamental facilities of power systems.Its operation status infects the safe and stable running of power grids.The power transmission-tower monitoring is an important part of high voltage transmission line monitoring.Based on the high-resolution SAR image,the monitoring method for the operation status of power transmission-tower was proposed in this paper.In high-resolution SAR image,power transmission-towers present some contour information.G0 statistical clustering model and self-similarity features were used to classify the power transmission-tower.The experimental results showed that the proposed method successfully realized the power transmission-tower detection in complicated scenes
On Significance of Scientific Research from Einstein′s Comic Religious Feelings

From Albert′s returning to the generative process of establishing Einstein′s comic religion,the issue hopes to find the different between Einstein′s cosmic view and traditional religion,and shows that comic religion is a vital element of modern scientific researcher.
What's so different about differential response? A multilevel and longitudinal analysis of child neglect investigations

Differential response (DR) is a system reform that allows child protective services (CPS) agencies to divert low-to-moderate risk families from an investigative track to an alternate track that does not require a maltreatment disposition or identification of an alleged perpetrator. Knowledge of how DR alters the flow of cases through CPS systems has been restricted by methodological limitations in prior research. This study uses cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) child file to examine the extent to which DR implementation affects the number and demographic composition of cases investigated for neglect. RESULTS from multivariate, multilevel cross-sectional analysis of 2010 data indicated that investigations were 2.4 times more likely to be substantiated in DR counties than in non-DR counties. Children with a previous substantiated report were also more likely to have a current report substantiated and this difference was significantly greater in DR counties than in non-DR counties. Child race and ethnicity did not predict substantiation decisions. RESULTS from a mixed-effect longitudinal analysis of 997,512 cases from 269 counties between 2001 and 2010 suggest that the rate of investigations fell sharply nationwide within three years of DR implementation. However, substantiation rates did not change as a result of DR implementation. Instead, analysis indicated differences between DR and non-DR counties emerged before the launch of DR. The findings highlight the benefit of using "big data" and longitudinal analysis to assess large-scale policy changes. Language: en
The Surgical Anatomy of Hernial Rings

An incarcerated hernia must be reduced before any attempt at repair can be made. The surgical anatomy of the ring in most of the hernias of the abdomen, both internal and external, is described and, in addition, the incision or other procedure required for safe reduction of the hernia.
Are obstetric spinal headaches avoidable

In a prospective study of one hundred obstetric patients given spinal anaesthesia using either a 25 or 26 gauge spinal needle, a significantly greater incidence of spinal headache and blood patch was found in the 25-gauge group. It is concluded that a 26-gauge needle should be used when performing spinal anaesthetics for obstetric procedures.
Role of Costs in Pricing

The above passage from Henry Ford’s autobiography portrays his basic philosophy in regard to pricing. This was to cut prices below the point warranted by existing costs so as to provide an incentive to expand production and sales, which, in turn, forced costs down. He contends that manufacturing improvements, forced by the low price, came about faster than if the normal practice of cost cutting were attempted prior to price cutting. What actually happened was that price cuts did lead to better sales, which, in turn, acted to force costs down and bring about manufacturing improvements, resulting in yet lower costs and prices — a vivid demonstration of a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Maryse Condé’s Taste for History, Tales in Triptych

(2015). Maryse Conde’s Taste for History, Tales in Triptych. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 3-14.
Studies on the in Vivo Synthesis of Methotrexate Polyglutamates and their Efflux Properties in Normal, Proliferative, and Neoplastic Mouse Tissues

Synthesis of poly-γ-glutamyl metabolites of methotrexate was demonstrated in mouse small intestine, liver and bone marrow, and in L1210 leukemia, Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich tumor cells after sc injections of [3H]methotrexate to tumor bearing mice. Ion exchange chromatography of tissue extracts resolved six peaks of radioactivity believed to represent methotrexate and metabolites with up to 4 additional glutamyl residues. Polyglutamate formation in L1210 cells and small intestine was shown to be independent of dose at least to 400 mg/kg as long as intracellular levels of drug in excess of the di-hydrofolate reductase binding capacity (exchangeable) were maintained. Both the total amount of polyglutamates and the average length of the polyglutamyl chain increased with time as long as exchangeable level of drug were present intracellularily. The results also showed differences in the extent of metabolism of methotrexate polyglutamates among the tissues examined. Although, these differences were at times very large, there was no consistent correlation between these differences and other pharmacologic parameters or cytoxicity. Tumor cells appeared to synthesize more polyglutamates than the normal tissues examined. However, differences in total drug persistence and sensitivity to drug among tumor cells and among normal tissues did not reflect the relative extent of poly-glutamate synthesis in each group. We observed no selective retention of polyglutamates as compared to methotrexate by L1210 cells in vitro as indicated by the extracellular accumulation during efflux of methotrexate and the polyglutamates. This could only be demonstrated by allowing efflux of intracellular drug in the presence of extracellular dihydrofolate reductase, which averted hydrolysis of the polyglutamates. It is concluded that the extent of polyglutamate synthesis per se may not be a determinant of drug sensitivity in murine tissues. However, the accumulation of these metabolites may contribute in some way to overall therapeutic response or relative cytotoxicity.
Language and Geographic Literacy

Reflecting on this issue of The Geography Teacher, and specifically the articles titled “Learning With and by Language” and “Applying Disciplinary Literacy in Elementary Geography” and the lesson “...
Establishing Content-Oriented Evidence for Psychological Assessments

ABSTRACTEvidence of validity is the foundation of developing and testing psychological and educational assessments. This article (a) introduces evidence of validity and content-oriented evidence, (...
Long-range gamma phase synchronization as a compensatory strategy during working memory in high-performing patients with schizophrenia.

Working memory deficits in schizophrenia may be associated with impairments in the integration of neural activity across a distributed network of cortical areas. However, evaluation of the contribu...
A single surgeon’s experience transitioning to robotic-assisted right colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis

Despite substantial evidence demonstrating benefits of minimally invasive surgery, a large percentage of right colectomies are still performed via an open technique. Most laparoscopic right colectomies are completed as a hybrid procedure with extracorporeal anastomosis. As part of a pure minimally invasive procedure, intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) may confer additional benefits for patients. The robotic platform may shorten the learning curve for minimally invasive right colectomy with ICA. From January 2014 to May 2016, 49 patients underwent robotic-assisted right colectomy by a board-certified colorectal surgeon (S.R). Extracorporeal anastomosis (ECA) was used in the first 20 procedures, whereas ICA was used in all subsequent procedures. Outcomes recorded in a database for retrospective review included operating time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), length of stay (LOS), conversion rate, complications, readmissions, and mortality rate. Comparison of average OT, EBL, and LOS between extracorporeal and intracorporeal groups demonstrated no significant differences. For all patients, average OT was 141.6 ± 25.8 (range 86–192) min, average EBL was 59.5 ± 83.3 (range 0–500) mL, and average LOS was 3.4 ± 1.19 (range 1.5–8) days. Four patients required conversion, all of which occurred in the extracorporeal group. There were no conversions after the 18th procedure. The 60-day mortality rate was 0%. There were no anastomotic leaks, ostomies created, or readmissions. As the surgeon gained experience, a statistically significant increase in lymph node sampling was observed in oncologic cases (p = .02). The robotic platform may help more surgeons safely and efficiently transition to a purely minimally invasive procedure, enabling more patients to reap the benefits of less invasive surgery. Transitioning from ECA to ICA during robotic right colectomy resulted in no significant change in OT or LOS. A lower rate of conversion to open surgery was noted with increased experience.
Detecting Concrete Abnormality Using Time-series Thermal Imaging and Supervised Learning

Nondestructive detecting defects (NDD) in concrete structures have been explored for decades. Although limited successes were reported, major limitations still exist. The major limitations are the high noises to signal ratio created from the environmental factors, such as cloud, shadow, water, surface texture etc. and the decision making still relies on the engineering judgment of interpretation of image content. Time-series approach, such as principle component thermography approach has been experimented with some improved results. Recent progress in image processing using machine learning approach made it possible for detecting defects thermal features in more quantitative ways. In this paper, we provide a procedure to represent the thermal feature in the time domain by principal component analysis and regress the prediction of detection by two schemes of supervised learning models. Three independent experiments were conducted in a similar laboratory setup but varied in conditions to illustrate the performance and generalization of models. Results showed the effectiveness for the detection purpose with appropriate tuning for parameters. Future studies will focus on implementing more sophisticated structured models to handle more realistic cases under natural conditions.
Lifespan Perspectives on Work and Nonwork Roles

Abstract A great deal of research has examined the antecedents and outcomes of work–nonwork conflict. However, less is known about how life or career stage may affect these relationships, or how employees’ life or career stage may impact the ability to balance demands from multiple life domains. The current chapter reviews the literature and sets a foundation for research on work–nonwork roles and conflict within the context of lifespan development. We review current theoretical frameworks of lifespan and career development, and integrate them into the study of work–nonwork roles and work–nonwork conflict. Additionally, we review the empirical studies that have examined the work–nonwork interface with the consideration of lifespan. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and suggesting opportunities for future research. Overall, we argue that the integration of lifespan theories into the study of work–nonwork roles and conflict is an important avenue for future research, and that the stage of one’s life and career is an important factor to consider when studying how individuals balance their numerous life roles.
Taste Disturbance Evaluation Is Feasible and Higher Melphalan Pharmacokinetics Are Associated with Poorer Nutrition and Symptom Burden after Autologous HCT for Multiple Myeloma

Introduction Dysgeusia commonly influences nutritional intake and quality of life after HCT, yet its pathobiology is poorly understood and methods to study it are not established. We report interim results of a prospective feasibility study of chemical gustometry (CG) to measure dysgeusia in pts with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing high-dose melphalan and autologous HCT (mel-AHCT). We evaluated associations between dysgeusia and symptoms, nutrition, mel pharmacokinetics (PK), and oral microbiota composition. We hypothesized that mel penetration into saliva contributes to dysgeusia. Methods CG was performed by the Henkin method pre-AHCT and on days (d) -1, +7, +14, +30 testing 5 flavors (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami) to calculate a total taste score (max value 30). CG was considered feasible if > 60% of pts could complete > 60% of all evaluations. Caloric intake (kcal) was calculated with 24-hr recall using the USDA 5-Step Multiple-Pass Method, and pt-reported symptoms were assessed using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) at the above times and on d +3 and +10. Salivary microbiome diversity was assessed longitudinally by 16S sequencing and the inverse Simpson index. 6-point serum mel concentrations were used to calculate an area under the curve (AUC) and peak salivary mel was obtained 75 min post-infusion. Spearman rank-sum correlation was used to assess associations. Results 22 mel-AHCT MM pts have follow-up through d +30. 18 pts (82%) completed > 60% of all assessments. Median age was 62 (range 41-75). 11 pts (50%) were male. Mel 200 mg/m2 and 140 mg/m2 was given in 19 (86%) and 3 (14%) pts, respectively. Median serum mel AUC was 12.6 mg*h/L (range 5.8-17.5); median salivary mel was 119 ng/ml (range 25-662). Higher serum mel AUC correlated with higher salivary mel levels, p=0.004, and associated with poorer caloric intake from pre-ASCT to d +30, p=0.04. Higher serum mel AUC associated with higher MDASI scores (worse symptom burden) from pre-AHCT to d +30, p=0.005, but not with taste scores. Higher salivary mel associated with poorer caloric intake from pre-AHCT to d +30, p=0.02. MDASI scores peaked d +10, coincident with nadirs in taste scores and caloric intake on d +7 and +10, respectively. Taste scores partially recovered by d +30, but often did not return to baseline (Fig 1A-C). Oral microbiota diversity was stable early after AHCT but increased by d+100. D+7 diversity did not correlate with serum mel AUC, p=0.4, or salivary mel, p=0.84 (Fig 2A-C). Conclusion CG is a feasible method to evaluate dysgeusia after AHCT. Dysgeusia peaked by d +7 and often persisted through d +30. Oral microbiota diversity was stable early after AHCT. Higher serum and salivary mel levels did not correlate with microbiota diversity but were associated with poorer caloric intake and higher MDASI scores suggesting that using targeted mel PK dosing may improve caloric intake and limit symptom burden after AHCT.
Abstract 500: Endothelial Specific Meis1 Knockout Protects Cells from Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis

Introduction: Meis1 belongs to the TALE (three amino-acid loop extension) subclass of the homeobox gene families. It is a highly conserved transcription factor in all eukaryotes and plays a crucial...
Exposure to microcystin among coastal residents during a cyanobacteria bloom in Florida

Florida has experienced multiple cyanobacteria blooms in recent years the most severe of which occurred in 2016 and 2018. Several toxins are produced by proliferating cyanobacteria, including the hepatotoxin microcystin (MC). Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by cyanobacteria have the potential to impact public health. However, to date there have been limited attempts to quantify exposure in human populations. This study investigated potential exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin, MC by measuring concentrations in swabs of the nasal mucosa. In addition, the relationships between nasal concentrations of MC, environmental concentrations and activity patterns were assessed. Participants (n = 125) were recruited in 2018 during a cyanobacterial bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa and completed a questionnaire which included location, type, and duration of recreational or occupational contact with impacted waterways within the last 10 days. Water samples were collected concurrently. A sterile swab was used to collect a sample from the nasal mucosa. Concentrations of MC were measured by ELISA. Of the 121 participants who provided nasal swabs, 115 (95.0 %) had concentrations of MC above the limit of detection with a mean concentration of 0.61 + 0.75 ppb. There were significant differences (p < 0.01) in mean MC concentration between individuals with direct contact with impacted waters (0.77 + 0.88 ppb) compared to those with no recent contact (0.37 + 0.49 ppb). Higher concentrations were observed among occupationally exposed individuals. Nasal concentrations of MC varied significantly over time and location of exposure to the bloom, concordant with concentrations in water samples. The results suggest that inhalation of aerosols may be an important pathway for exposure to MC. Nasal MC concentrations were generally highest during periods when concentrations in the surrounding waters peaked. Further research is needed to characterize the public health implications of exposure to cyanobacterial blooms.
Interobserver Agreement for Classifying Post-liver Transplant Biliary Strictures in Donation After Circulatory Death Donors

Biliary strictures are a common complication of donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation (LT) and require multiple endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. Three classification systems, based on cholangiograms, have been proposed for categorizing post-LT biliary strictures. We examined the interobserver agreement for each of the three classifications. DCD LT recipients from 2012 through March 2017 undergoing ERCP for biliary strictures were included in the study. Initial cholangiograms delineating the entire biliary tree prior to endoscopic intervention were selected. One representative cholangiogram was selected from each ERCP. Five interventional endoscopists independently viewed each anonymized cholangiogram and classified the post-LT stricture according to each of the three classification systems. The Ling classification proposes four types of post-LT strictures based on their location. The Lee classification proposes four classes based on location and number of intrahepatic strictures. The binary system classifies strictures into anastomotic or non-anastomotic types. The Krippendorff’s alpha reliability estimate was used to grade the strength of agreement as “poor,” “fair,” “moderate,” “good,” or “excellent” for values between 0–0.20, 0.21–0.4, 0.41–0.6, 0.61–0.08, and 0.81–1, respectively. One hundred DCD LT recipients (age 57.07 ± 8.8 years; 71 males) were initially evaluated. Of these, 49 patients who underwent 206 ERCP procedures for biliary strictures were included in the analysis. One hundred thirty-nine cholangiograms were selected and subsequently classified by five endoscopists. Interobserver agreement for post-LT biliary strictures was 0.354 for Ling classification (fair agreement), 0.405 for Lee classification (fair agreement), and 0.421 for the binary classification (moderate agreement). The binary classification provided the least amount of detail regarding the location and number of biliary strictures. The currently available classification systems for assessing post-LT biliary strictures have sub-optimal interobserver agreement. A better-designed classification system is needed for categorizing post-LT biliary strictures.
Solenoid Maps, Automatic Sequences, Van Der Put Series, and Mealy-Moore Automata.

The ring $\mathbb Z_d$ of $d$-adic integers has a natural interpretation as the boundary of a rooted $d$-ary tree $T_d$. Endomorphisms of this tree (i.e. solenoid maps) are in one-to-one correspondence with 1-Lipschitz mappings from $\mathbb Z_d$ to itself and automorphisms of $T_d$ constitute the group $\mathrm{Isom}(\mathbb Z_d)$. In the case when $d=p$ is prime, Anashin showed that $f\in\mathrm{Lip}^1(\mathbb Z_p)$ is defined by a finite Mealy automaton if and only if the reduced coefficients of its van der Put series constitute a $p$-automatic sequence over a finite subset of $\mathbb Z_p\cap\mathbb Q$. We generalize this result to arbitrary integer $d\geq 2$, describe the explicit connection between the Moore automaton producing such sequence and the Mealy automaton inducing the corresponding endomorphism. Along the process we produce two algorithms allowing to convert the Mealy automaton of an endomorphism to the corresponding Moore automaton generating the sequence of the reduced van der Put coefficients of the induced map on $\mathbb Z_d$ and vice versa. We demonstrate examples of applications of these algorithms for the case when the sequence of coefficients is Thue-Morse sequence, and also for one of the generators of the standard automaton representation of the lamplighter group.
Myths Associated with Lymphedema

Although lymphedema affects millions of people worldwide, its pathophysiology is poorly understood and few randomized clinical trials in the field exist. Because of the lack of evidence-based medicine for lymphedema and the small numbers of physicians focused on the disease, many myths are associated with the condition. It is important to use the best evidence available when counseling patients about their disease. Before recommending an intervention for a patient that negatively affects their quality of life, strong evidence for the efficacy of the intervention must exist.
Trade, security, and authoritarianism: domestic politics of foreign policy making in China

Could trade bring security and stability to international relations? China has become one of the most important players in the global economy without being democratized. In this article, I present ...
Extending Heron Scheduler

Heron scheduler SPI includes two primary interfaces: ILauncher and IScheduler. ILauncher is invoked by Heron CLI and responsible for starting a scheduler instance. The scheduler instance invokes IScheduler, and we will implement onSchedule() and onKill() methods for both service mode and library mode. Heron keeps a scheduler processing running in service mode, while it leverages the underlying resource orchestrator to manage container in library mode. Service mode is the default setting; however, library mode is a better choice in some scenarios.
Just Friends? Queering Male–Male Amity in Jean de Beaubreuil’s Regulus (1582)

This article proposes a queer (re)reading of Jean de Beaubreuil’s Roman tragedy Regulus ([1582] 1999). The study begins with an exploration of the author’s trip to Rome and his visit with Marc-Anto...
How American Adults Obtain Work Skills: Results of a New National Survey:

Employer-provided training is an important determinant of economic outcomes, yet our understanding of its extent and distribution is well out of date—with the most recent national survey being from...
Well-Being of Health Care Professionals Treating Opioid Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a National Survey.

Objective:The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected health care delivery, effects that are juxtaposed with health care professional (HCP) burnout and mental distress. The Opioid Use Disorder ...
Use of Digital Tomosynthesis in Assessing Accurate Medial Epicondyle Fracture Displacement as Compared With Conventional Radiography and Computed Tomography.

Introduction Medial epicondyle fracture displacement is notoriously difficult to determine on conventional radiography, and follow-up computed tomography (CT) is often obtained to measure precise displacement. Another option for fracture characterization is digital tomosynthesis (DT), a technology providing high in-plane resolution of bony anatomy by acquiring multiple low-dose images in a linear arc. Advantages of DT include lower radiation exposure and lower cost than CT, rapid image acquisition, and a similar patient experience to conventional radiography. The digital application of tomosynthesis is relatively new and is integrated as an add-on feature with modern radiography equipment. This study compares DT, CT and conventional radiography for measurement accuracy in medial epicondyle fractures with the goal of determining relative accuracy in measuring medial epicondyle fracture displacement. Methods Medial epicondyle fractures were created in 5 cadaveric elbow specimens. Each specimen was imaged with conventional radiography, DT, and CT. True displacement measured by digital calipers was compared with "measured" displacement for each image acquisition. CT images included axial, sagittal, and coronal reformats. DT images of the elbow included anteroposterior (AP) longitudinal and transverse, lateral longitudinal and transverse, and axial longitudinal and transverse. Conventional radiographs included AP, lateral, and axial distal humerus images. Four physicians reviewed all images 3 months later. Each reviewer independently measured maximum apparent fracture displacement to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurement accuracy was calculated as percent difference [(measured displacement-actual displacement)/actual displacement] for each acquisition. Mean, median, and SD for measurement accuracy were calculated. Two-tailed paired t tests were performed on each acquisition to compare the measurement accuracy. Results Compared with conventional radiographs, accuracy of DT was superior in AP longitudinal (P=0.03), AP transverse (P=0.01), axial longitudinal (P=0.0001), and axial transverse projections (P=0.001). Accuracy of CT was superior to conventional radiography in the AP projection (P=0.03), but was equivalent in the axial projection (P=0.9). Accuracy of CT was similar to DT in AP longitudinal (P=0.6), AP transverse (P=0.5), and axial longitudinal projections (P=0.07). Accuracy of DT in the axial transverse projection was superior to CT (P=0.03). Conclusion DT is more accurate than conventional radiography (both AP and axial views) and as accurate as CT in assessing millimeters of displacement of medial epicondyle fracture fragments. Level of evidence Level IV-diagnostic study.
Measuring and Analyzing Students’ Strategic Learning Behaviors in Open-Ended Learning Environments

Strategies are an important component of self-regulated learning frameworks. However, the characterization of strategies in these frameworks is often incomplete: (1) they lack an operational definition of strategies; (2) there is limited understanding of how students develop and apply strategies; and (3) there is a dearth of systematic and generalizable approaches to measure and evaluate strategies when students’ work in open-ended learning environments (OELEs). This paper develops systematic methods for detecting, interpreting, and analyzing students’ use of strategies in OELEs, and demonstrates how students’ strategies evolve across tasks. We apply this framework in the context of tasks that students perform as they learn science topics by building conceptual and computational models in an OELE. Data from a classroom study, where sixth-grade students (N = 52) worked on science model-building activities in our Computational Thinking using Simulation and Modeling (CTSiM) environment demonstrates how we interpret students’ strategy use, and how strategy use relates to their learning performance. We also demonstrate how students’ strategies evolve as they work on multiple model-building tasks. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy framework in analyzing students’ behaviors and performance in CTSiM.
Machine Learning Self-Diffusion Prediction for Lennard-Jones Fluids in Pores

Predicting the diffusion coefficient of fluids under nanoconfinement is important for many applications including the extraction of shale gas from kerogen and product turnover in porous catalysts. ...
Frontier Forts of Iowa: Indians, Traders, and Soldiers, 1632–1862

Review of: "Frontier Forts of Iowa: Indians, Traders, and Soldiers, 1632–1862," edited by William E. Whittaker.
In-Situ Synchrotron Spectroscopic Studies of Electrocatalysis on Highly Dispersed Nano-Materials

Prospect of probing an electrochemical interface in situ, under actual operating conditions, and ability to map both the substrate (in terms of its electronic and short range atomic order) as well as the substrate-adsorbate interactions has tremendous technological implications. Synchrotron based x-ray absorption techniques offer such an opportunity as a consequence of the unique characteristics of the synchrotron source. These include higher: intensity (104 higher), collimation, polarization, and pulse time structure enabling true in situ interfacial measurements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering have recently evolved as a true in situ probe for electrochemical interface with both model and commercially relevant nano dispersed materials, providing a unique perspective on both the short and long range atomic order as well as the changes to the chemical environment of the absorber. This together with some new developments in the data analysis and modeling has now enabled more detailed perspective on the surface adsorbed species.
Inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis by dexamethasone in cervical carcinoma cell lines depends upon increased HPV E6/E7.

Through a glucocorticoid-responsive promoter, glucocorticoids can regulate the transcription of the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 viral genes which target the tumour suppressor proteins p53 and Rb respectively. In C4-1 cells, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone up-regulated HPV E6/E7 mRNA and decreased radiation-induced apoptosis. In contrast, dexamethasone had no effect on apoptosis of cells that either lack the HPV genome (C33-a) or in which HPV E6/E7 transcription is repressed by dexamethasone (SW756). Irradiated C4-1 cells showed increased p53 expression, while dexamethasone treatment prior to irradiation decreased p53 protein expression. In addition, p21 mRNA was regulated by irradiation and dexamethasone in accordance with the observed changes in p53. Overall, glucocorticoids decreased radiation-induced apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells which exhibit increased HPV E6/E7 transcription and decreased p53 expression. Therefore, in HPV-infected cervical epithelial cells, p53-dependent apoptosis appears to depend upon the levels of HPV E6/E7 mRNA. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Determination of 137Cs in soil samples by low-level Compton suppression gamma-counting

We have used Compton suppression gamma ray counting to effectively measure 137Cs in undisturbed environmental samples weighing only one hundred grams of material. Our results have shown that Compton suppression is ideal in determining low levels (1–3 Bq/kg) of 137Cs in soil samples, while the Compton advantage is negligible for higher concentrations. Quality assurance and quality control experiments show that for samples weighing 100–200 grams, gamma-ray attenuation is significant (up to 10% difference) when analyzing different soil compositions.
Single-Incision Distal Biceps Tendon Repair

Distal biceps ruptures are relatively uncommon injuries. Tears of the distal biceps tendon occur primarily in middle-aged males. Surgical repair can be performed by a single- or double-incision technique. The single-incision technique offers advantages of simple technique, reliable results, low complications, and cosmetic incision. The repair is performed through a small, transverse incision using a variety of fixation devices. We describe the technique using suture anchors. Operative concerns include identification and protection of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, safe exposure of the bicipital tuberosity, avoiding injury to the radial recurrent vessels, and secure fixation of the tendon at the repair site. Repair typically restores excellent function and pain relief, allowing return to full activity within 3-4 months. This review describes the technique and includes tips and pearls for navigating the procedure and avoiding common complications.
A Withdrawal from Peace: The Historical Response to War of the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)

T he issue of war remains as troubling today as ever before, particularly for Christians reevaluating their beliefs in light of the proliferation of massive nuclear arsenals. Recent denuncia tions of war mark a new approach to an old dilemma for some religious bodies. For others, war remains a legitimate'tool of the state that can also be useful to the church. In either case, the reactions of Christian groups to the problem of war have fre quently been subject to change throughout the past century. An example of such a group is the Church of God (Anderson, Indi ana). An examination of the Church of God's evolution on the question of war and peace will provide greater insight into the religious dilemma raised by war and perhaps on the larger American society itself. The Church of God currently claims almost 325,000 adher ents, nearly 180,000 of them in the United States. Within this country, the Church's strength lies in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan.1 Its approach to the issues of war and peace has tra ditionally been ambivalent. While the Church of God has con sistently regarded warfare as an ultimate evil, the majority of its members have supported every American war since the move ment began. An influx of early converts from the historic "peace" churches—the Mennonites, Church of the Brethren, and Quakers—provided the basis of a small pacifist minority that has always existed in the Church of God.2 The common thread that makes this diversity tolerable is the willingness of the Church to adhere to a doctrine of personal convictions that per
Band and Percolation Approaches to Low Temperature Properties of Manganites

Properties of the parent compound, LaMnO3 are greatly affected by strong Hund's coupling. Assuming the antiferromagnetic ordering (with a low Neel temperture) along one of the cubic axes, this coupling would result in formation of disconnected ferromagnetic layers. Furthermore, in the presence of the cooperative Jahn–Teller effect the compound becomes a band insulator. At small doping (La1-xCaxMnO3, x ≪ 1) the band insulator phase coexists with the presence of localized holes. An insulator-ferromagnetic metal transition occurs at the percolation point xc=0.16.
Working with families in long-term care

Effective communication with families can improve clinical process and outcomes in long-term care. Such communication may be challenging to long-term care clinicians, who may feel they lack requisite skills or are uncomfortable with potentially charged and negative emotions that may result. These barriers can be overcome by using models of family behavior and of physician involvement in family counseling to foster understanding and organize family meetings. We present such models in this article. The first of these, the Pearlin Stress Process Model offers a framework for understanding family adaptation to long-term care. Within the Pearlin model, family function is a critical intervening variable. Structural Family Systems Theory is therefore examined next to guide to recognition of family characteristics that impact communication. We focus on translation of these theories to long-term care practice through clinical case vignettes. Applying the Levels of Physician Involvement in family oriented care to long-term care, we then suggest an organizing, stepwise process for the family meeting itself. We conclude with strategies for conflict management and a discussion of the importance of the interdisciplinary team in family care.
Principles of interferon induction therapy

Several strategies have been devised to enhance the number of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who achieve a sustained response to interferon-alpha therapy. Induction therapy uses higher than usual doses of interferon, given on a daily, rather than three times per week basis, for a defined period. The goal is to minimize fluctuations in interferon levels, preventing viral rebound in periods when drug levels are low. The optimal interferon-alpha-2b dose for acute viral clearance is probably 10 MIU. Studies of HCV viral kinetics after interferon-alpha dosing have shown a biphasic response to drug. In the initial 24 to 48 hours after a dose of interferon, there is an extremely rapid, interferon-dose-dependent decrease in viral titer. This reflects inhibition of viral production and/or release. The second lower phase of viral decrease then ensues, which is highly variable between patients. It is thought to reflect the death rate of infected hepatocytes. Brisk decrease during the second phase of viral kinetics is the best predictor of HCV-RNA clearance by 3 months. Second-phase viral decrease correlates with histologic activity on liver biopsy and pretreatment serum transaminase levels. Hepatitis C virus genotype differences are important, as well, because genotypes 2 and 3 are cleared by interferon more readily than the more resistant genotype 1.
Weight and Shape Ideals: Thin Is Dangerously In

Thinness as an ideal of feminine beauty is nowhere more evident than in the popular media. The trend toward an increasingly thinner standard and a more tubular body shape has been documented in Playboy centerfolds from the 1960s to the 1980s. The present study provides information about body standards into the 1990s. Body measurements of two groups of models were compared: contemporary Playboy centerfolds and ready-towear and commercial print models advertising on the Intemet. Results revealed that thinness is increasing for centerfolds, many of whom meet weight criteria for anorexia. Results also showed unhealthy levels of thinness in the Internet models. Body shape for both cohorts is curvaceous, results which do not support prior research indicating an increase in the tubular body. Discussion focuses on the role that both the media and the health industry play in contributing to Western culture's adoption of an unhealthy body ideal.
Low-contrast resolution in volumetric x-ray CT—Analytical comparison between conventional and spiral CT

Spiral/helical computed tomography (CT) was introduced to scan an anatomical volume in a single breath-hold for better temporal resolution as compared to conventional CT. Recently, it was established that given an x-ray dose, spiral CT also allows better longitudinal high-contrast resolution due to retrospective reconstruction. In spiral CT, full scan with interpolation (FI) and half-scan with interpolation (HI) are limited by the degraded slice sensitivity profile and increased image noise, respectively. We combined these two interpolation methods for a desirable balance. This new interpolation method, FI + HI, was shown to produce 4% lower image noise standard deviation than conventional CT, without loss of longitudinal bandwidth according to one-tenth-cutoff and mean-square-root measures. The analytic model of image noise was validated in a water phantom experiment. Our findings suggest the superiority of spiral CT over conventional CT in terms of both low-contrast resolution and high-contrast resolution.