cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequences in popular cinema generate inconsistent event segmentation

Popular movies have an event structure that includes scenes and sequences. Scenes are fashioned to be perceived as smoothly flowing, a feature called continuity. Discontinuity is said to occur when scene (event) boundaries are crossed. This article focuses on the structure and perception of sequences that have subscenes (i.e., scene-like components) but whose boundaries, unlike those of scenes, tend to demonstrate some perceived continuity. Although the structure of sequences has been addressed by film theory, this topic has not received psychological attention. Here, data are used from viewer judgments and physical measurements of 24 popular movies, released from 1940 to 2010. Each film was inspected for narrative shift patterns—that is, changes in location, character, or time—across shots. Sequences were determined by repeated shift types, common sound coverage, and the shorter durations of subscenes than of scenes. By these criteria, sequences have increased in movies over time. The results also show that viewer judgments of event boundaries diminish in the presence of music and of shorter and less modulated shot durations. These results fit snugly within event segmentation theory, and this categorization of movie sequences by narrative shifts can accommodate previous accounts of sequence structure.
Bis(tetraphenylarsonium) hexafluoridotechnetate(IV) dihydrate: preparation, structure and spectroscopic analysis.

Reports of quadrivalent transition-metal fluoride salts containing bulky organic cations are limited. In this context, we prepared the bis­(tetra­phenyl­arsonium) hexa­fluorido­technetate(IV) dihydrate salt, (C24H20As)2[TcF6]·2H2O, by a cation metathesis reaction of (NH4)2[TcF6] in water. This is the first report of an arsonium salt of the hexa­fluorido­technetate(IV) dianion. (AsPh4)2[TcF6]·2H2O crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}. The [TcF6]2− anion adopts a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry with an average Tc—F bond length of 1.933 A. The cyclic voltammogram of (AsPh4)2[TcF6]·2H2O in CH3CN shows a one-electron reversible oxidation wave at 1.496 V.
"Lo que contiene esa oscuridad" : estéticas de la ambigüedad en la novela gráfica Cumbe de Marcelo D'Salete

el comic Cumbe (2014) de Marcelo D’Salete narra histories de la plantacio de sucre mitjancant una narrativa visual “ambigua”, en termes del filosof Edouard Glissant. Una narrativa que amaga mes del que representa, i que d’aquesta manera relata histories que son un detour, una fugida: conceptes proposats per Glissant per entendre l’experiencia negra en l’univers de la plantacio. Amb aquesta estetica ambigua, Cumbe construeix un contradiscurs que enfronta les narratives fundacionals sobre la plantacio de sucre i la nacio establertes a Brasil per obres com Casa-grande y senzala (1933) del socioleg pernambuca Gilberto Freyre.
Electret behavior of carbon fiber structural composites with carbon and polymer matrices, and its application in self-sensing and self-powering

Abstract Continuous carbon fiber carbon-matrix (C/C) and polymer-matrix (CFRP) structural composites without poling are electrets. Their DC electric field E (hence the volumetric power density Pv for structural self-powering) increases linearly with increasing inter-electrode distance l (more significantly for C/C). Short-circuit discharge and open-circuit self-charge occur reversibly. The fraction of carriers that participate is 1.6 × 10−3 and 2.8 × 10−3 for CFRP and C/C, respectively. At l = 140 mm, E = 1.2 × 10−4 V/m, and Pv is 5.0 × 10−5 and 2.5 × 10−4 W/m3 for CFRP and C/C, respectively. The participating carrier density is 2.4 × 1021 and 2.6 × 1022 m−3, and the discharge time per unit participating charge is 6.7 × 106 and 8.9 × 104 s/C for CFRP and C/C, respectively. The C/C gives higher power density, whereas CFRP discharges more slowly. The polarization-induced apparent resistance increase upon DC current polarity reversal is asymmetrical. Elastic tension affects E, relative permittivity κ and resistivity ρ essentially reversibly and linearly (more significantly for C/C), enabling piezoelectret/piezoresistive self-sensing and piezoelectret-based energy harvesting. The strain causes CFRP to increase in E, κ and ρ, and C/C to decrease in E and ρ and increase in κ. Increasing the temperature from 20 °C to 70 °C increases E reversibly by 1900% and increases the volumetric power density by 40000%, as shown for C/C.
Gender and sexual minority group identification as a process of identity development during emerging adulthood

The present study explores how identifying with the gender and sexual minority (GSM) community can be an important developmental milestone and potential protective factor for GSM individuals. Cross...
Public Debt and Regional Inequality in India: Spatial Planning Implications

The Indian economy has shown a high rate of growth of gross domestic product of 7.56% during 2015–16 relative to 6.69% during 2011–12. In the post-liberalization economic era the size of fiscal debt has been skyrocketing as well. The fiscal debt is defined as the difference between total government expenditure and current revenue which has been escalating to an unsustainable level in recent periods. Maharashtra the most industrialized state in Western India has the largest debt followed by Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal in Central and Eastern India. Also, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in the south have witnessed the maximum increase in debt during the past five years. Although Kaur et al. (2014) suggest that debt position of states at the aggregate level is sustainable. Gupta (2001) on the contrary opined unsustainability of debt at the state level. Government borrows debt to finance plan expenditure such as building roads, dams and airports and non-plan expenditure such as paying salaries or making interest payments. Debt is not bad provided states are growing at a rapid economic rate to service loans. This implies the interest payment to gross state domestic product (GSDP) ratio will be a better indicator of sustainability. Using these criteria, it is observed that states from all corners in India, i.e. Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Gujarat and Punjab have been consistently paying huge amounts of servicing costs. Given this overview, this research examines temporal and spatial patterns of state debt in India during the period 2002–15. National and state level data are utilized to study the spatial analysis of state debt in India for 30 regions comprising 28 states and 2 territories, i.e. National Capital Territory of Delhi and Puducherry. The following questions are addressed in this paper: (1) What insights does the literature on public debt provide in improving the understanding of the relationship between public debt and growth? (2) What are the broad trends of public debt and regional inequality in India at the state level? and (3) What are the characteristics of space-time patterns of public debt in India during 1991–2015? Several spatial analytical methods such as Gini Coefficient, Kernel density, Theil Entropy and regression analysis are utilized to identify and describe spatial patterns of state liability and its geographical dynamics in India. Data for analysis are obtained from Planning Commission and Reserve Bank of India. Spatial planning implications are addressed as well.
An IoT Based Efficient Fire Supervision Monitoring and Alerting System

The industry's dynamic nature presents special challenges to fire management and occupational welfare. High infrastructure concentration and stored inventory have increased fire risks with massive losses. Internet of Things (IoT) is a framework of multiple concurrent devices that are embedded and able to function for data transmission across the Internet. It consists of all world wide web-enabled devices responsible for gathering, transmitting and functioning on information extracted from the surrounding atmosphere by utilizing sensors, detectors and computing hardware. In industrial security and control, IoT plays a major role. This research work presents a new device capable of detecting fire and providing a warning to users. To monitor the integrated devices with several sensors and a cameras, the Raspberry Pi 3 has been used. The sensors continuously sense and actually begins to broadcast values over a Wi-Fi association to the online digital server. Whenever fire is sensed, the camera starts to record the image as well as the device starts to send the message with the affected spot images. Once the explosion is sensed by the fire transmitter, this will stimulate the smoke alarm and activate a sprinkler motor. For sensor information the database can be configured by the administrator and monitored anywhere.
Expanding host specificity and pathogen sharing beyond viruses

Most emerging pathogens of humans can infect multiple host species (Woolhouse & Gowtage-Sequeria, 2005). This simple fact has motivated multiple large-scale, comparative analyses of the drivers of pathogen sharing and zoonotic pathogen richness among hosts as well as the factors determining the zoonotic potential of pathogens themselves. However, most of this work focuses on viruses, limiting a broader understanding of how host range varies within and between pathogen groups. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Shaw et al. (2020) compile a comprehensive data set of host-pathogen associations across viruses and bacteria and test whether previous patterns observed in the former occur in the latter. They find most viruses and bacteria are specialists, and viruses are more likely to be generalists; however, generalist bacteria encompass multiple host orders, whereas viral sharing occurs more within host orders. Lastly, the authors demonstrate that many factors previously identified as predictors of zoonotic richness for viruses occur for bacteria and that host phylogenetic similarity is a primary determinant of cross-species transmission. However, pathogen sharing with humans was more common and more weakly related to phylogenetic distance to Homo sapiens for bacteria compared to viruses, suggesting the former could pose greater spillover risks across host orders. This work represents a key advance in our understanding of host specificity and pathogen sharing beyond viruses.
Projected End-of-Century Changes in the South American Monsoon in the CESM Large Ensemble

Author(s): Sena, ACT; Magnusdottir, G | Abstract: Projected changes in the South American monsoon system by the end of the twenty-first century are analyzed using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LENS). The wet season is shorter in LENS when compared to observations, with the mean onset occurring 19 days later and the mean retreat date 21 days earlier in the season. Despite a precipitation bias, the seasonality of rainfall over South America is reproduced in LENS, as well as the main circulation features associated with the development of the South American monsoon. Both the onset and retreat of the wet season over South America are delayed in the future compared to current climate by 3 and 7 days, respectively, with a slightly longer wet season. Central and southeastern Brazil are projected to get wetter as a result of moisture convergence from the strengthening of the South Atlantic low-level jet and a weaker South Atlantic subtropical high. The Amazon is projected to get drier by the end of the century, negatively affecting rain forest productivity. During the wet season, an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events is found over most of South America, and especially over northeastern and southern Brazil and La Plata. Meanwhile, during the dry season an increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days is found over northeastern Brazil and the northern Amazon.
Carbon isotope evidence for the substrates and mechanisms of prebiotic synthesis in the early solar system

Abstract Meteorites contain prebiotic, bio-relevant organic compounds including amino acids. Their syntheses could result from diverse sources and mechanisms and provide a window on the conditions and materials present in the early solar system. Here we constrain alanine’s synthetic history in the Murchison meteorite using site-specific 13C/12C measurements, reported relative to the VPDB standard. The δ13CVPDB values of −29 ± 10‰, 142 ± 20‰, and −36 ± 20‰ for the carboxyl, amine-bound, and methyl carbons, respectively, are consistent with Strecker synthesis of interstellar-medium-derived aldehydes, ammonia, and low-δ13C nebular or interstellar-medium-derived CN. We report experimentally measured isotope effects associated with Strecker synthesis, and use them to constrain the δ13C values of the alanine precursors, which we then use to construct a model that predicts the molecular-average δ13C values of 19 other organic compounds of prebiotic significance found in Murchison if they were made by our proposed synthetic network. Most of these predictions agree with previous measurements, suggesting that interstellar-medium-derived aldehydes and nebular and/or pre-solar CN could have served as substrates for synthesis of a wide range of prebiotic compounds in the early solar system.
Clinical Advice by Voice Assistants on Postpartum Depression: Cross-Sectional Investigation Using Apple Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Microsoft Cortana.

Background: A voice assistant (VA) is inanimate audio-interfaced software augmented with artificial intelligence, capable of 2-way dialogue, and increasingly used to access health care advice. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common perinatal mood disorder with an annual estimated cost of $14.2 billion. Only a small percentage of PPD patients seek care due to lack of screening and insufficient knowledge of the disease, and this is, therefore, a prime candidate for a VA-based digital health intervention. Objective: In order to understand the capability of VAs, our aim was to assess VA responses to PPD questions in terms of accuracy, verbal response, and clinically appropriate advice given. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined four VAs (Apple Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Microsoft Cortana) installed on two mobile devices in early 2020. We posed 14 questions to each VA that were retrieved from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) patient-focused Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on PPD. We scored the VA responses according to accuracy of speech recognition, presence of a verbal response, and clinically appropriate advice in accordance with ACOG FAQ, which were assessed by two board-certified physicians. Results: Accurate recognition of the query ranged from 79% to 100%. Verbal response ranged from 36% to 79%. If no verbal response was given, queries were treated like a web search between 33% and 89% of the time. Clinically appropriate advice given by VA ranged from 14% to 29%. We compared the category proportions using the Fisher exact test. No single VA statistically outperformed other VAs in the three performance categories. Additional observations showed that two VAs (Google Assistant and Microsoft Cortana) included advertisements in their responses. Conclusions: While the best performing VA gave clinically appropriate advice to 29% of the PPD questions, all four VAs taken together achieved 64% clinically appropriate advice. All four VAs performed well in accurately recognizing a PPD query, but no VA achieved even a 30% threshold for providing clinically appropriate PPD information. Technology companies and clinical organizations should partner to improve guidance, screen patients for mental health disorders, and educate patients on potential treatment.
Impact of Total Body 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on bone metastasis detection in Prostate Cancer Patients: should we go from Vertex to Toes ?

1558 Purpose: To determine if expanding the 68Ga-PSMA11 PET/CT imaging field from vertex to toes (Total Body acquisition) affects bone metastasis detection rates and potentially impacts patient management. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 388 prostate cancer patients enrolled in 5 prospective studies (NCT02940262, NCT03368547, NCT03042312, UCLA IRB#17-001336, NCT03515577). All underwent a 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan acquired from vertex to toes for primary staging (n=93/388, 24%), biochemical recurrence localization (n=225/388, 58%) or re-staging of metastatic disease (n=70/388, 18%) from September 2017 to May 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to report the 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan findings and the localization of PSMA-positive bone lesions as follows: skull below the superior orbit ridge; skull above the superior orbital ridge; spine, ribs/clavicles/sternum; pelvis; humerus; the proximal third of the femur; and lower extremities below the proximal third of the femur. Results: Three hundred and twenty-one of 388 patients (83%) had a positive 68Ga-PSMA-11 study. PSMA-positive bone lesions were found in 105/388 (27%) patients. Eighteen of 388 (5%) and 18/388 (5%) had lesions above the superior orbital ridge and below the proximal third of the femur, respectively. Seventeen of the 18 patients with lesions below the proximal third of the femur (94%) and 18 of the 18 patients with lesions above the skull-base (100%) had known multi-metastatic bone disease within the base of the skull to the proximal third of the femur. Only 1/388 patient (0.25%) had unknown isolated bone metastases in the skull base and below the proximal third of the femur. Conclusions: The diagnostic yield of including the vertex and the lower extremities below the proximal third of the femur in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT is modest and unlikely to significantly affect prostate cancer patients management.
A Note on Countess Eva Callimaki-Catargi (1855-l913): Traces of Her Life in the Hoover Institution Archives

The artist and art historian Countess Eva Callimaki-Catargi is best known as the subject for two magnificent oil paintings by Henri Fantin-Latour, one painting located in Brussels and the other in ...
Guaraní-Spanish Jopara Mixing in a Paraguayan Novel: Does it Reflect a Third Language, a Language Variety, or True Codeswitching?

We study the highly idiosyncratic case of Paraguay, the only American nation where an indigenous language has survived as a majority language spoken by the non-indigenous population. Jopara is the name of the commonly used code that mixes Guarani and Spanish. Characterizations of Jopara in the literature are inconclusive. Some authors call it a variety of Spanish, some a variety of Guarani, others a new mixed language. The choice of one characterization over the other has important implications for the status of Guarani vis-a-vis Spanish, especially for Paraguay’s educational and language planning. Here we analyze Jopara as it is represented in the novel Ramona Quebranto (rq-Jopara). We show that this written code is not a variety of either Spanish or Guarani, nor a mixed language. Rather, it reflects properties of true code-switching. It displays both insertional and alternational characteristics (Muysken, 2000), as well as evidence of a composite matrix language (Myers-Scotton, 2002). We conclude by suggesting rq-Jopara fits best a “mixed lect” scenario (Backus, 2003) and discussing generalization to spoken Jopara.
Patient-Reported Continuity of Care and Functional Safety Concerns After Inpatient Cancer Rehabilitation.

Background Patients with cancer have been noted to have inadequate continuity of care after discharge from hospital. We sought to assess patient-reported continuity of care and functional safety concerns after acute inpatient rehabilitation. Methods This was a prospective study that used cross-sectional surveys at a National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center. All patients who were admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation from September 5, 2018 to February 7, 2020, met the inclusion criteria, and completed 2 surveys (assessing continuity of care and functional safety concerns) upon discharge and 1 month after discharge were included in the study. Results A total of 198 patients completed the study and no major concerns were reported by the patients. The greatest concern was a lack of adequate communication management among different providers, reported by only 10 (5.0%) patients. The combined fall and near fall rate within 1 month after discharge was (25/198) 13%. Brain metastasis, a comorbidity of depression and a history of fall(s) were significantly associated with a higher risk of falls or near falls within 1 month after discharge. Conclusions Although overall patients with cancer reported adequate continuity of care and feeling safe to function at home after acute inpatient rehabilitation, it is important to be aware that fall or near-fall events within 1 month after acute inpatient rehabilitation are associated with brain metastasis, comorbidity of depression, and a history of falls. Thus, patients with these risk factors may benefit from including more focused fall prevention education and interventions. Implications for practice Patients with cancer often have extensive problems that require care from multiple health care providers simultaneously and a high level of coordination is needed for adequate transition of care from the inpatient to the outpatient setting. This transition of care period is prone to inadequate continuity of care and for older adults, a particular risk for falls. Assessment for risk of fall is also an important factor to consider when evaluating patients to continue oncology treatments. There is a gap in knowledge regarding patient-reported continuity of care and functional safety concerns after acute inpatient cancer rehabilitation.
Recent Work in Probability and Inference

Chapter 10 endeavors first to supply a fuller context for the evaluation of Bayesian claims by looking at both the philosophical and psychological literature on reasoning and inference. It also includes a brief study of the development of probability concepts in children. Then, some alternative approaches to probability and inference are presented: the propensity theory of probability, the likelihood theory of statistical inference, and Shafer’s theory of belief functions. The chapter also attempts to broaden the context for evaluation of Bayesian theory by looking at the nature of formalization, its purpose and limits, and at the relation between philosophy and psychology, between the epistemic and the psychological subject.
Acute pharmacogenetic dystonic reactions in a family with the CYP2D6 *41 allele: a case report

Background Dystonia is a known neurological complication of certain medications; however, the mechanism behind such effects is often undetermined. Similarly, the clinical pharmacogenomic effects associated with various alleles of the cytochrome P450 family of proteins, and their role in acute dystonic reactions, are also presently unknown. Case presentation We describe a woman presenting with acute dystonic reactions to ondansetron, prochlorperazine, and metoclopramide followed by persistent focal dystonia. A similar family history was reported in her siblings and her father to prochlorperazine, drugs all metabolized by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme. Pharmacogenomic testing indicated the patient was heterozygous for the intermediate metabolizer *41 allele (CYP2D6 2988G>A, NM_000106.6:c.985+39G>A, rs28371725). Her father was homozygous for this CYP2D6 *41 allele, and consequently, her siblings were obligate carriers. Conclusions The metabolism of ondansetron, metoclopramide, or prochlorperazine in patients with the *41 CYP2D6 allele has not been studied. In this family, clinical evidence implicates the *41 CYP2D6 allele as causing extrapyramidal adverse pharmacologic reactions. Patients with a family history of medication-induced dystonia involving these medications should be considered for pharmacogenomic testing, and patients carrying the *41 CYP2D6 allele should consider reduction or avoidance of CYP2D6-mediated medications to minimize the potential risk of adverse extrapyramidal effects.
Biased Learning under Ambiguous Information

This paper proposes a model of how biased individuals update beliefs in the presence of informational ambiguity. Individuals are ambiguous about the actual signal-generating process and interpret signals according to the model that can best support their biases. This paper provides a complete characterization of the limit beliefs under this rule. The presence of model ambiguity has the following effects. First, it destroys correct learning even if infinitely many informative signals can be observed. When the ambiguity is sufficiently high, individuals can justify their biases, leading to belief extremism and polarization. Second, an ambiguous individual can exhibit greater confidence than a Bayesian individual with any feasible model perception. This phenomenon comes from a novel complementary effect of different models in the belief set.
Soil and water chemistry

Contents THE SOIL CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT: AN OVERVIEW Phases and Chemical Processes in Soil Elements in the Soil Environment: Their Concentrations and Important Species Units and Conversions Heterogeneity of Soil Chemical Characteristics SOIL MINERALS Chemical Bonds Pauling's Rules Silicate Classes Clay Mineralogy Division 1:1 Phyllosilicate Minerals Division 2:1 Phyllosilicate Minerals Hydrous Metal Oxides X-Ray Diffraction Analysis CHEMICAL WEATHERING Hydrolysis and Oxidation Balancing Chemical Reactions Mineral Stability: Primary Silicates in the Sand- and Silt-Sized Fractions Mineral Stability: Clay-Size Fraction Weathering and Formation Characteristics of the Phyllosilicates General Weathering Scheme for the Phyllosilicates ORGANIC MATTER IN SOIL Determination of Soil Organic Carbon Concentrations Organic Functional Groups: a Review Nonhumic Substances Humic Substances Genesis of Humic Substances Chemical and Structural Characteristics of Humic Substances SOIL WATER CHEMISTRY Nature of Water Ion Hydration Electrolyte Solutions Hydrolysis of Cations Lowry-Bronsted Acids and Bases Complex Ions and Ion Pairs The ion association model Ion Speciation in Soil Solutions Qualitative Aspects of Ion Speciation Soil Solution Sampling Methodologies Methods of Chemical Analysis: Elemental Analysis MINERAL SOLUBILITY Mineral Solubility: Basic Principles Application of Mineral Solubility Principles: Impediments The Deviation of Ksp from Kdis Mineral Solubility and Solution Composition Stability Diagrams Predicting Solution Composition SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND ADSORPTION REACTIONS Surface Functional Groups and Complexes The Solid-Solution Interface: a Microscopic View Quantitative Description of Adsorption Specific Retention of Metals and Ligands Ligand Effects on Metal Adsorption Organic Surface Functional Groups and Organic Molecular Retention Mechanisms Surface Complexation Models CATION EXCHANGE Cation Exchange: a Beginning for Soil Chemistry Qualitative aspects of Cation Exchange Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchange Phase Composition Quantitative Description of Cation Exchange OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS IN SOILS The Electron Activity Redox Potential Measurements Redox Status in Soils pe - pH Predominance Diagrams ACIDITY IN SOIL MATERIALS Measurement of Soil Solution pH Chemical and Biochemical Processes that Influence Soil Solution pH Acid-Neutralizing Capacity and the Quantification of Soil Acidity Neutralization of Soil Acidity Acid Generation and Management in Mine Spoils: the Oxidation of Pyrite SOIL SALINITY AND SODICITY Sources of Salts Diagnostic Characteristics of Saline and Sodic Soils Irrigation Water Quality Parameters and Relationships Genesis, Management, and Reclamation of Salt-Affected Soils
Solid and Suspension Microarrays for Microbial Diagnostics

Abstract Advancements in molecular technologies have provided new platforms that are being increasingly adopted for use in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Among these, microarray methods are particularly well suited for diagnostics as they allow multiplexing, or the ability to test for multiple targets simultaneously from the same specimen. Microarray technologies commonly used for the detection and identification of microbial targets include solid-state microarrays, electronic microarrays and bead suspension microarrays. Microarray methods have been applied to microbial detection, genotyping and antimicrobial resistance gene detection. Microarrays can offer a panel approach to diagnose specific patient presentations, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, and can discriminate isolates by genotype for tracking epidemiology and outbreak investigations. And, as more information has become available on specific genes and pathways involved in antimicrobial resistance, we are beginning to be able to predict susceptibility patterns based on sequence detection for particular organisms. With further advances in automated microarray processing methods and genotype–phenotype prediction algorithms, these tests will become even more useful as an adjunct or replacement for conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing, allowing for more rapid selection of targeted therapy for infectious diseases.
The efficacy of tailored interventions for self-management outcomes of type 2 diabetes, hypertension or heart disease: a systematic review.

radhakrishnan k. (2012) The efficacy of tailored interventions for self-management outcomes of type 2 diabetes, hypertension or heart disease: a systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 496–510. Abstract Aim. To evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of tailored interventions on self-management behaviours in individuals with heart disease, hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Background. Tailored interventions are designed for individuals based on their unique characteristics, related to the outcome of interest, and derived from an individual assessment. Recognizing the differences between individuals and delivering interventions tailored to the individual could increase the likelihood of sustained self-management of long-term conditions. Review methods. A review of randomized controlled trials published between 2001 and 2010 was undertaken using the following databases: Pubmed, WOS, CINAHL, ERIC, ASP, PsychInfo and SSA. The search terms included tailored intervention(s), and self-management of chronic diseases included in the aim. Reference lists from relevant articles were also examined for additional references. Results. Ten studies were included in the review. Tailored interventions had no impact on self-management activities such as medication adherence, self-monitoring, exercise, smoking, or diet control. However, tailored interventions were modestly successful in improving specific self-management behaviours of dietary fat intake, levels of physical activity or screening. Studies included in the review generally suffered from compromised methodological issues of inadequately powered sample size, non-blinding of data collection or intervention delivery and inadequate reporting of the randomization process. Conclusion. When cost and resource utilization is taken into consideration, tailored interventions may not be more effective than standard interventions in improving self-management behaviours in individuals with long-term conditions. Future research should explore the effect of robust and resource-optimized tailored interventions on self-management outcomes for long-term conditions with high-quality trials.
Myths and Consequences

Aryan Idols. Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science. By Stefan Arvidsson. Translated from the Swedish () by Sonia Wichmann. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2006. 366 pp. $55, £35. ISBN 9780226028606. Examining two centuries of scholarship on Indo-European religion and mythology, Arvidsson explores the effects of the idea of an ancient, unified lineage.
Change Processes in Relationships: A Relational-Historical Research Approach

Prologue: overview of the research problem and summary of findings 1. Relationships as developing systems: theoretical foundations 2. Mother-infant relationship development in the first six months: from face-to-face play to object play 3. Relational-historical research on development change 4. Relational-historical research: the case study approach, frame analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis 5. Research propositions about relationship change process 6. Research methods for the current investigation: subjects, procedures, and data analysis 7. Results of the current investigation: quantitative analysis of developmental changes in relationship frames and in infant actions 8. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Richard and his mother 9. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Betsy and her mother 10. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Lewis and his mother 11. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Susan and her mother 12. Summary of finding on relational-historical change Epilogue: laws of change, implications for theory and practice.
Pressure drop predictions for laminar pipe flow of carreau and modified power law fluids

Fluids used in many chemical and petroleum industrial processes are often described as complex systems that exhibit non-Newtonian character. Due to the complex nature of non-Newtonian fluids, universally accepted flow equations are unavailable. This paper uses the Carreau and modified power law–Cross (MPL-Cross) rheological models to derive pressure drop–flow rate relationships under laminar flow condition. The aim is to develop simple but effective equations that enable accurate estimation of pressure drop for flow in any pipe size using viscometric data. The new relationships compare favourably with experimental data. Furthermore, new Reynolds number and generalized Reynolds number expressions have been defined.
A di­deoxy­dide­hydro­nucleoside derivative

We have synthesized a di­deoxy­dide­hydro­nucleoside derivative, 2(S)-acetoxymethyl-4-[4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]-2,5-di­hydro­furan, C11H13N3O4, which is an analogue of the potently anti-HIV active compound, di­deoxy-dide­hydro­cytidine (d4C). The target compound crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit that differ primarily in the orientation of the C6′-acetyl group. One mol­ecule has an extended conformation and the orientation of the acetyl group in the second mol­ecule gives an unusual hooked-shaped conformation. The two conformers form A–B dimers via N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The dimers link via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains parallel to the b cell axis.
A Project for Developing a Linear Algebra Library for High-Performance Computers

Argonne National Laboratory, the Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, and the Numerical Algorithms Group, Ltd., are developing a transportable linear algebra library in Fortran 77. The library is intended to provide a uniform set of subroutines to solve the most common linear algebra problems and to run efficiently on a wide range of high-performance computers.
Vasoactive Inotropic Score (VIS) as Biomarker of Short-Term Outcomes in Adolescents after Cardiothoracic Surgery

Our aim was to evaluate the Vasoactive Inotropic Score (VIS) as a prognostic marker in adolescents following surgery for congenital heart disease. This single-center retrospective chart review included patients 10-18 years of age, who underwent cardiac surgery from 2009 to 2014. Hourly VIS was calculated for the initial 48 postoperative hours using standard formulae and incorporating doses of six pressors. The composite adverse outcome was defined as any one of death, resuscitation or mechanical support, arrhythmia, infection requiring antibacterial therapy, acute kidney injury or neurologic injury. Surgeries were risk-stratified by the type of surgical repair using the validated STAT score. Statistical analysis (SPSS 19.0) included Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, ROC curves, and binary regression analysis. Our cohort (n = 149) had a mean (SD) age of 13.9 (2.4) years and included 97 (65.1 %) males. Maximal VIS at 24 and 48 h following surgery was significantly higher in subjects (n = 27) who suffered an adverse outcome. Subjects with adverse outcome had longer bypass and cross-clamp times, durations of stay in the hospital, and a higher rate of acute kidney injury, compared to those (n = 122) without postoperative adverse outcomes. The area under the ROC for maximum VIS at 24-48 h after surgery was 0.76, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values with 95 % CI of 67 (48-82) %, 74 (70-77) %, and 36 (26-44) % and 91 (86-95) %, respectively, at a cutoff >4.75. On binary logistic regression, maximum VIS on second postoperative day remained significantly associated with adverse outcome (OR 1.35; 95 % CI> 1.12-1.64, p = 0.002). Maximal VIS at 24 and 48 h correlated significantly with length of stay and time to extubation. Maximal VIS on the second postoperative day predicts adverse outcome in adolescents following cardiac surgery. This simple yet robust prognostic indicator may aid in risk stratification and targeted interventions in this population.
Efficacy study of multimedia rheumatoid arthritis patient education program.

Purpose The research goal of improving patient adherence was assessed in this randomized controlled trial of the outcomes of a 15-min multimedia educational program when compared to educational literature for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Data sources One hundred eight RA patients from a Midwestern rheumatology outpatient clinic completed the self-reported Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at baseline and 1 month after education. A paired samples t-test was use for data analyses to determine if there was a significant difference in the change between the groups at preintervention and 1-month postintervention. Conclusions There were no significant differences in the scores between the two groups from pretest to posttest. Results from this study showed that medication adherence, illness perception, and disability were not improved by use of multimedia or the literature within 1 month. Implications for practice Findings from this research study showed that a short multimedia educational program is as effective as printed materials to educate patients with RA about their disease and treatment. However, neither multimedia nor literature affects medication adherence, illness perception, or disability as self-reported by patients with RA.
Synthesis and polymerization studies of 1,2‐dimethyleneoctafluorocyclohexane

1,2-Dimethyleneoctafluorocyclohexane has been prepared by the pyrolysis of 2-chloro-methyl-1-methyloctafluorocyclohexane. Free radicals initiate the polymerization of the diene in both bulk and emulsion systems to give a highly crystalline (mp 214–218°C) polymer that has an all-cis 1,4-structure. The polymer is insoluble in common laboratory solvents, but will dissolve in perfluorokerosene above 175°C and in 2,5-dichlorobenzo-trifluoride above 150°C. This diene is not polymerized by cationic, anionic, or Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The diene is readily copolymerized with many common monomers to give soluble, high molecular weight polymers. Relative reactivity ratios have been measured with styrene by the Fineman and Ross method and Q–e parameters for the diene have been calculated.
Detection of minimal residual cells carrying the t(14;18) by DNA sequence amplification

By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA sequences were amplified that flank the crossover sites of a characteristic chromosomal translocation for follicular lymphomas, t(14;18)(q32;q21). This technique permitted the detection of cells carrying the t(14;18) hybrid DNA sequences at a dilution of 1:100,000. The remission marrow and blood samples of a patient with follicular lymphoma and the t(14;18) failed to show any abnormality by morphological examination and conventional Southern blot analysis. However, the t(14;18) hybrid DNA sequences were detected by the PCR technique. Thus, this technique is a highly sensitive tool to detect minimal residual cells carrying the t(14;18) and has the potential to identify a subpopulation of patients with subclinical disease.
The coherent backscattering effect for moving scatterers

The constructive interference of backscattered waves that propagate along the same path in opposite directions doubles the intensity of these waves. When the scatterers move during wave propagation, the enhancement factor is reduced from 2 to a lower value. I derive the enhancement factor for coherent backscattering under the assumption that the scatterers move independently with a constant velocity. The resulting enhancement value depends exponentially on v21/2t/λ, which is the ratio of the root-mean-square displacement of the scatterers during the wave propagation to the wavelength, and on the number of scatterers encountered.
Silicon-Containing Azo Dyes Part III: Dyeing Properties, Absorption Spectra, and pH Range

In an examination of the dyeing properties and lightfastness of some azo dyes, prepared by coupling several diazonium salts with m-trimethylsilyl- and m-triphenylsilyl-dimethylaniline, it has been observed that most of the dyes have a fairly good substantivity for cellulose acetate, nylon, silk, and wool, but their lightfastness varies from moderate to good.In a comparative study of the shades obtained from 2-naphthol and its 6-trimethylsilyl and 6-triphenylsilyl derivatives, by the ingrain process, it has been found that the R3Si substituent has an unfavorable effect on both the substantivity and the lightfastness.Absorption spectra of some silicon-containing azo dyes have been recorded, and the spectra have been compared with those of the corresponding hydrogen and methyl analogues. The gen eral bathochromic shift observed in the spectra of the silicon-containing azo dyes has been attributed to the crowding effect of the bulky R3Si group.An examination of the pH range of some silicon-containing azo dyes...
The accuracy of EUS and helical CT in the assessment of vascular invasion by peripapillary malignancy

Abstract Background: The relative accuracy of helical CT and EUS for defining the local resectability of peripapillary malignancies is undefined. Methods: Fifty-one patients with a peripapillary malignancy and no metastatic disease were prospectively evaluated with helical CT and EUS. Imaging results were compared with surgical staging, and a tumor was defined as resectable when there was no macroscopic or microscopic residual tumor. Results: Nine patients had surgically confirmed locally unresectable disease, which was accurately predicted by EUS in 6 patients (sensitivity 67%) and by helical CT in 3 patients (sensitivity 33%; p = 0.35). When only patients with complete EUS examinations were included, the sensitivities of EUS and helical CT for vascular invasion were 100% and 33% ( p = 0.06), respectively. When all patients not undergoing surgery because of imaging evidence of locally unresectable disease were included, the sensitivities were 100% and 62.5% ( p = 0.02), respectively. One of 15 patients with a tumor amenable to surgical resection was labeled as unresectable by EUS but subsequently had a local recurrence of the tumor. The specificities of EUS (93%) and helical CT (100%) were similar. Conclusion: EUS is more sensitive than helical CT for detecting vascular invasion by peripapillary malignancies and should be added to staging protocols, particularly when findings on helical CT are equivocal. (Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:182-8.)
Morbidity and mortality conference: enhancing delivery of surgery residency curricula.

Abstract Purpose To determine the exposure of surgical residents to educational subjects contained in the APDS 2000 Curriculum from a weekly Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conference. Methods The departmental quality assurance data base was queried for content presented in a residency program’s M&M conference. The presentation topics, the services involved, and the occurrence causation were all cataloged to assess the extent of material covered. The topic was logged if the case occurrence generated discussion beyond a superficial notation. An attending moderated the discussions, with resident and faculty interaction on causality determination. Imaging studies were available as appropriate to the case discussed. Results At least 95 discrete topics in 149 separate occurrences were covered in the weekly M&M conference in 1 academic year from July 1999 through June 2000. Common topics included wound infection (9), deep venous thrombosis (7), small bowel obstruction (5), and pulmonary embolus (4). Five topics were discussed 3 times, 23 were discussed twice, and 63 were discussed once. Although many occurrences had multiple causes, Pareto analysis of causation determined that nature of disease was prominent in 78 (52.4%), diagnostic difficulty in 31 (20.8%), technical error in 27 (18.1%), and error in judgment in 13 (8.7%). Pareto analysis of the surgical domains addressed included trauma (37, 24.8%), general surgery (35, 23.5%), common issues independent of service (32, 21.5%), vascular (20, 13.5%), cardio thoracic (11, 7.4%), critical care (9, 6.1%), and all other services (5, 3.4%). Conclusions A weekly M&M conference in a residency program provides broad exposure to material contained in the APDS 2000 curriculum. A peer-reviewed M&M conference provides ongoing examination of common problems encountered in the delivery of surgical care. By so doing, it promotes interactive teaching of the most relevant surgical problems.
Calmodulin confers calcium sensitivity on secretory exocytosis

The cortical reaction at fertilization of a sea urchin egg results in the elevation of the fertilization membrane due to the exocytosis of cortical granules lying directly beneath the plasma membrane. These secretory granules are vesicles ∼1 µm in diameter and can be easily observed in phase-contrast optics. Insemination of the egg results in the release of intracellular ionized calcium which acts as the trigger for the fusion of the cortical granules with the plasma membrane and the expulsion of their contents into the extracellular space1,2. Although Ca2+is known to be involved hi exocytosis, it has not yet been clearly demonstrated how the high sensitivity to calcium is conferred on exocytosis3,4. Here we examine the action of antibodies to calmodulin on the secretion of the cortical granules and demonstrate that calmodulin is responsible for the high calcium sensitivity of the cortical reaction and can be localized on the inner plasma membrane surface.
An efficient method for the synthesis of manganese(III)meso-tetraarylporphyrins

Abstract Manganese(III)meso-tetraarylporphyrins (e.g., MnTPPCl, MnT(PCl)PPCl, MnT(PMe)PPCl), MnT(ONO2)PPCl, MnT(DCl)PPCl) were synthesized in a one-pot reaction from freshly distilled pyrrole and the corresponding pure aldehyde (benzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, p-methylbenzaldehyde, o-nitrobenzaldehyde, and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde) by the action of manganese(II) chloride, MnCl2, as a template in a phenol medium. Up to 71% yields of pure Manganese(III)meso-tetraarylporphyrins were obtained in a short period of time.
Pathways sufficient to induce epidermal carcinogenesis.

Abnormal epidermal proliferation is characteristic of a number of disorders, including the two most common cancers in the United States, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Both cancers display a disruption in the normal homeostatic balance between cell division and programmed cell death. While abnormal activation of the sonic hedgehog/patched pathway has been established as sufficient to induce hallmark features of BCC in both human and murine epidermis,1-4 pathways sufficient to convert normal epidermis into SCC have been less well defined. Building on findings that indicate a potent role for Ras and NF-?B in normal epidermal growth regulation,5-9 recent work indicates that activation of Ras signaling in concert with inhibition of NF-?B function is entirely sufficient to transform normal human epidermis into tumor tissue with all the cardinal features of SCC.