cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Layer-by-Layer Insight into Electrostatic Charge Distribution of Few-Layer Graphene.

In few-layer graphene (FLG) systems on a dielectric substrate such as SiO2, the addition of each extra layer of graphene can drastically alter their electronic and structural properties. Here, we map the charge distribution among the individual layers of finite-size FLG systems using a novel spatial discrete model that describes both electrostatic interlayer screening and fringe field effects. Our results reveal that the charge density in the region very close to the edges is screened out an order of magnitude more weakly than that across the central region of the layers. Our discrete model suggests that the interlayer charge screening length in 1–8 layer thick graphene systems depends mostly on the overall gate/molecular doping level rather than on temperature, in particular at an induced charge density >5 × 1012 cm−2, and can reliably be determined to be larger than half the interlayer spacing but shorter than the bilayer thickness. Our model can be used for designing FLG-based devices, and offers a simple rule regarding the charge distribution in FLG: approximately 70%, 20%, 6% and 3% (99% overall) of the total induced charge density reside within the four innermost layers, implying that the gate-induced electric field is not definitely felt by >4th layer.
Automated Critical Test Findings Identification and Online Notification System Using Artificial Intelligence in Imaging.

Artificial intelligence using deep learning algorithms shows promise in detecting emergent neurologic disease at noncontrast-enhanced head CT, which supports further evaluation of the algorithms within a controlled and prospective clinical setting to determine whether it can independently screen noncontrast-enhanced head CT examinations and alert the interpreting radiologist of a potential critical finding.
Single-Stage Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta and Ventricular Septal Defect: A Comparison of Surgical Strategies and Resource Utilization:

Background:We sought to compare clinical outcomes and resource utilization for two surgical approaches for single-stage repair of coarctation of the aorta and ventricular septal defect (VSD).Method...
Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development

This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-G...
Ethics and Data Analytics

Abstract This book has presented principles, methodologies, and examples for integrating predictive analytics and data science to many current applications. In the implementation of each of these applications, there are ethical aspects that relate to the question of whether or not to proceed and how to do it. We should integrate these ethical aspects into our decision-making operations for reasons that are both practical and theoretical reasons. In a discussion of the ethical aspects of any subject, it is helpful to begin with the presentation of a concrete situation from the real world. The next step is to work backward to derive a list of best practices with reference to basic principles that connect to one or more worldviews for help in determining the right things to do ( Sandel, 2010 ). We will review briefly the secular systems of ethics that serve as a relevant background to ethical aspects of decisions enabled by data science studies of today. The three secular academic perspectives for making ethical systems and decisions are (1) the normative, (2) the situational, and (3) the existential. This chapter will join a needed discussion on ethics in the new discipline of data analytics ( Fung, 2015 ).
Dual-Career Couples

Current statistics indicate that female physicians marry at a rate of about 85%.1 About 85% of these will marry another professional, and about 50% will marry other physicians. According to Parker and Jones,2 a female physician who marries another professional will judge her professional existence more satisfactory than if she were married to a nonprofessional. Thus about 70% of female physicians will be faced with the situation of dual-career marriage. About half will have the added stresses that exist in a dual-doctor marriage.
Cosmic Ray Evidence for the Magnetic Configuration of the Heliosphere

Sekido and Murakami (1958) proposed the existence of the heliosphere to explain the scattered component of the solar cosmic rays. The heliosphere of their conception is a spherical shell around the sun. The shell contains a highly-irregular magnetic field and serves to scatter the cosmic rays emitted by the sun. It thereby gives rise to an isotropic component of solar cosmic rays, following the maximum in the ground level enhancement (GLE). Meyer et al. (1956) showed that a similar picture applies to the GLE of 23 February 1956. They conclude that the inner and outer radii of the shell should be 1.4 AU and 5 AU respectively. They suggest that a shell is formed by the “pile-up” of the solar wind under pressure exerted by the interstellar magnetic field, as suggested by Davis (1955).
Subwavelength resolution scanning diffracted-light microscopy using plasmonic ultra-thin condensers.

We used a rotating slit placed at the back focal plane of the microscope’s objective lens to scan the light diffracted by a plasmonic crystal, which had a period smaller than the resolution limit of the optical microscope. A set of images were collected at different orientations of the slit. A high-resolution image of the plasmonic crystal was obtained by processing the experimental images using a numerical Fourier ptychographic algorithm. Supporting simulations of the experiments are also presented.
Methodology for Evaluating Models of Telemental Health Delivery Against Population and Healthcare System Needs: Application to Telemental Healthcare for Rural Native Veterans

Abstract Background: Rural American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Veterans face exceptional barriers to receiving quality mental healthcare. We aimed to identify models of in-person and telement...
Concerning the Nutrition of Apodachlya Brachynema

1. Apodachlya brachynema was found capable of growing on the following carbon sources in the decreasing order of their utilization when the nitrogen source was asparagine: rice starch, corn starch,...
Rainbow paths

A k-rainbow path in a graph with colored edges is a path of length k where each edge has a different color. In this note, we settle the problem of obtaining a constructive k-coloring of the edges of K"n in which one may find, between any pair of vertices, a large number of internally disjoint k-rainbow paths. In fact, our construction obtains the largest possible number of paths. This problem was considered in a less general setting by Chartrand et al. (2007) [6].
Sweet spot identification through seismic inversion and multiattribute transform: A case study of the Niobrara and Codell unconventionals

ABSTRACTThe Niobrara and Codell unconventional tight reservoir play at the Wattenberg field, Colorado, has potentially two billion barrels of oil equivalent, requiring hundreds of wells to access t...
Take a Load of Fanny: Peer Mentors in Veterans Treatment Courts:

This article explores the role of mentors in three veterans treatment courts (VTCs) in two Midwestern states. VTCs have existed for more than 10 years and continue to flourish across local, state, ...
Imperial Geographies: Poetics of the Atlantic in Juan Ruiz de Alarcón’s El semejante a sí mismo

Mexican playwright Juan Ruiz de Alarcon’s early modern urban comedy El semejante a si mismo interrupts the cloak-and-dagger plot and its Seville centered-geography three times to narrate in vivid d...
Sexual sensation seeking, hookups, and alcohol consumption among first-year college students

Objective: To explore sexual sensation seeking (SSS) among an ethnically-diverse sample of first-year college students and their hookup behaviors. Participants: 1,480 first-year college students who hooked up in the last 30?days were recruited from four universities in 2016. Methods: Students completed an online survey before completing an online STI and alcohol prevention intervention. Results: Male and sexual minority students had significantly higher SSS scores compared to female and heterosexual students respectively. Students with higher SSS scores were less likely to report condom use at last vaginal and anal hookup, more likely to hookup under the influence of alcohol and participate in a wide range of sexual behaviors. There were no significant mean differences in SSS scores by level of intoxication during their last hookup. Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of SSS in predicting sexual risk behaviors of first-year college students and the overall low SSS scores among this sample.
Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS), also known as ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, is a multifocal disorder of the choroid and retina that is thought to be caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. H. capsulatum is a fungal pathogen that is endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys. The classic clinical signs of POHS include atrophic chorioretinal scars, peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the absence of vitreous inflammation (Fig. 7.1). The characteristic findings of POHS may be detected in completely asymptomatic individuals; however, the development of CNV can result in a variety of symptoms, including metamorphopsia, paracentral scotomas, and vision loss. Numerous treatment modalities have been employed for POHS, including laser photocoagulation, vitreoretinal surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), corticosteroid therapy, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, now the dominant treatment in current practice patterns.
Marguerite de Navarre and Renée de France: Gender, Power, and Sexuality in Betussi’s and Brantôme’s Illustrious Women

Boccaccio’s De Mulieribus Claris is the first biographical compendium of famous women in Western literature. Written in 1362, it inspired similar compilations, including Giuseppe Betussi’s 1539 Italian translation entitled Libro delle Donne illustri, in which Betussi included his own addition of fifty illustrious women, and Brantome’s French translation, Dames illustres (1665-1666). Betussi’s and Brantome’s collections seem to approach the art of literary portraiture of royal women in analogous ways, namely from a cultural and political angle aimed at emphasizing qualities traditionally bestowed upon their gender, such as chastity, piety, charity, and generosity. However, a close reading shows that both Betussi and Brantome created distinct texts that established a legacy that was well-rooted in the defense of women as they highly boasted about women’s sexual and political roles. By delving into the intersections of power, gender, and sexuality, this article investigates two women considered ‘illustrious’ by both authors: Marguerite de Navarre, Queen of Navarre and sister to French King Francois I, and Renee de France, Duchess of Ferrara, daughter of King Louis XII and Anne de Bretagne. Their portraits show that the authors debated over issues of gender roles and identities, and crafted portrayals in which marriage, sex, and motherhood were strictly linked to Marguerite’s and Renee’s roles and accomplishments as wives and mothers of the most important blood lines of their time.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated colitis: Characterization of clinical, histologic features, and their associations with liver transplantation.

Background Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a unique form of IBD (PSC-IBD) with distinct clinical and histologic features from ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). In patients with PSC and IBD, the severity of the two disease processes may depend on each other. Aim To study the histologic and clinical features of PSC patients with and without IBD. Methods We assessed specimens from patients with UC (n = 28), CD (n = 10), PSC and UC (PSC-UC; n = 26); PSC and CD (PSC-CD; n = 6); and PSC and no IBD (PSC-no IBD; n = 4) between years 1999-2013. PSC-IBD patients were matched to IBD patients without PSC by age and colitis duration. Clinical data including age, gender, age at IBD and PSC diagnoses, IBD duration, treatment, follow-up, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were noted. Results PSC-UC patients had more isolated right-sided disease (P = 0.03), and less active inflammation in left colon, rectum (P = 0.03 and P = 0.0006), and overall (P = 0.0005) compared to UC. They required less steroids (P = 0.01) and fewer colectomies (P = 0.03) than UC patients. The PSC-CD patients had more ileitis and less rectal involvement compared to PSC-UC and CD. No PSC-CD patients required OLT compared to 38% of PSC-UC (P = 0.1). PSC-IBD (PSC-UC and PSC-CD) patients with OLT had severe disease in the left colon and rectum (P = 0.04). Conclusion PSC-UC represents a distinct form of IBD. The different disease phenotype in PSC-IBD patients with OLT may support liver-gut axis interaction, however warrants clinical attention and further research.
Elementary Classroom Teachers' Self-Reported Use of Movement Integration Products and Perceived Facilitators and Barriers Related to Product Use.

Movement integration (MI) products are designed to provide children with physical activity during general education classroom time. The purpose of this study was to examine elementary classroom teachers’ self-reported use of MI products and subsequent perceptions of the facilitators of and barriers to MI product use. This study utilized a mixed-methods design. Elementary classroom teachers (n = 40) at four schools each tested four of six common MI products in their classroom for one week. Teachers completed a daily diary, documenting duration and frequency of product use. Following each product test, focus groups were conducted with teachers to assess facilitators and barriers. MI product use lasted for 11.2 (Standard Deviation (SD) = 7.5) min/occasion and MI products were used 4.1 (SD = 3.5) times/week on average. Activity Bursts in the Classroom for Fitness, GoNoodle, and Physical Activity Across the Curriculum were most frequently used. Facilitators of and barriers to MI product use were identified within three central areas—logistics, alignment with teaching goals, and student needs and interests. Teachers were receptive to MI products and used them frequently throughout the week. When considering the adoption of MI products, teachers, administrators, and policy makers should consider products that are readily usable, align with teaching goals, and are consistent with student needs and interests.
Trace level detection of select opioids (fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and tramadol) in suspect pharmaceutical tablets using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with handheld devices.

The opioid crisis in the USA has resulted in over 702,000 overdose fatalities between 1999 and 2017 and can be attributed to over-prescription of opioids and abuse of synthetic opioids in combination with other illicit drugs. A rapid and sensitive SERS method has been developed for trace detection of opioids including fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and tramadol in low-dosage suspect tablets using two different handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with 785 and 1064 nm lasers. The method involves a micro-extraction procedure using 10% methanol in deionized water, followed by filtration and addition of colloidal silver and aqueous KBr, resulting in a mixture that can be measured directly via a glass vial. The lowest concentration (Cmin ) of fentanyl, tramadol, oxycodone, and hydrocodone standards that yielded a positive match was 250 ng/ml, 5, 10, and 10 μg/ml using the 1064 nm laser device and 100 ng/ml, 1 μg/ml, 500 ng/ml, and 750 ng/ml using the 785 nm laser device, respectively. For the analysis of suspect tablets containing these opioids, the Cmin ranges between 5 and 75 µg/ml for 1064 nm laser device and 1 and 50 µg/ml for 785 nm laser device. The overall positive identification rate for all the opioids studied in the suspect counterfeit tablets analyzed ranged from 80% to 100%. The use of SERS for rapid chemical identification at remote sampling sites, such as international mail facilities (IMFs) and express courier hubs (ECHs), provides a rugged, simple, and practical method applicable for point-of-entry sampling and analysis.
Empirical Analysis and Modeling of Compute Times of CNN Operations on AWS Cloud

Given the widespread use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in image classification applications, cloud providers now routinely offer several GPU-equipped instances with varying price points and hardware specifications. From a practitioner's perspective, given an arbitrary CNN, it is not obvious which GPU instance should be employed to minimize the model training time and/or rental cost. This paper presents Ceer, a model-driven approach to determine the optimal GPU instance(s) for any given CNN. Based on an operation-level empirical analysis of various CNNs, we develop regression models for heavy GPU operations (where input size is a key feature) and employ the sample median estimator for light GPU and CPU operations. To estimate the communication overhead between CPU and GPU(s), especially in the case of multi-GPU training, we develop a model that relates this communication overhead to the number of model parameters in the CNN. Evaluation results on AWS Cloud show that Ceer can accurately predict training time and cost (less than 5% average prediction error) across CNNs, enabling 36% −44% cost savings over simpler strategies that employ the cheapest or the latest generation GPU instances.
Elastocapillary Force Induced Alignment of Large Area Planar Nanowires.

Achieving large scale precise positioning of the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) nanowires is one of the biggest challenges for mass production of nanowire-based devices. Although there have been many not...
Distributivity relations on the binary operations over a fixed set

In recent years, the word magma has been used to designate a pair of the form (S,∗) where * is a binary operation on the set S. Inspired by that terminology, we use the notation and terminology M(S...
Empathy with vicious perspectives? A puzzle about the moral limits of empathetic imagination

Are there limits to what it is morally okay to imagine? More particularly, is imaginatively inhabiting morally suspect perspectives something that is off-limits for truly virtuous people? In this paper, I investigate the surprisingly fraught relation between virtue and a familiar form of imaginative perspective taking I call empathy. I draw out a puzzle about the relation between empathy and virtuousness. First, I present an argument to the effect that empathy with vicious attitudes is not, in fact, something that the fully virtuous person can indulge in. At least one prominent way of thinking about the psychology of the virtuous person excludes the possibility that the virtuous could emotionally apprehend the world in a less than virtuous way, and empathizing with vicious outlooks does seem to run afoul of that restriction. Then, I develop an argument that runs in the contrary direction: virtue in fact requires empathy with vicious outlooks, at least in some situations. There is reason to think that a crucial part of being virtuous is ministering effectively to others’ needs, and there is also reason to think that other people may need to be empathized with, even if their emotional outlooks are at least minorly vicious. Finally, I outline two different solutions to this puzzle. Both solutions hold some promise, but they also bring new challenges in their train.
Manipulation of surface charges of oil droplets and carbonate rocks to improve oil recovery.

This work investigates the effect of the surface charges of oil droplets and carbonate rocks in brine and in surfactant solutions on oil production. The influences of the cations in brine and the surfactant types on the zeta-potentials of both oil droplets and carbonate rock particles are studied. It is found that the addition of anionic and cationic surfactants in brine result in both negative or positive zeta-potentials of rock particles and oil droplets respectively, while the zwitterionic surfactant induces a positive charge on rock particles and a negative charge on oil droplets. Micromodels with a CaCO3 nanocrystal layer coated on the flow channels were used in the oil displacement tests. The results show that when the oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) was at 10-1 mN/m, the injection of an anionic surfactant (SDS-R1) solution achieved 21.0% incremental oil recovery, higher than the 12.6% increment by the injection of a zwitterionic surfactant (SB-A2) solution. When the IFT was lowered to 10-3 mM/m, the injection of anionic/non-ionic surfactant SMAN-l1 solution with higher absolute zeta potential value (ζoil + ζrock) of 34 mV has achieved higher incremental oil recovery (39.4%) than the application of an anionic/cationic surfactant SMAC-l1 solution with a lower absolute zeta-potential value of 22 mV (30.6%). This indicates that the same charge of rocks and oil droplets improves the transportation of charged oil/water emulsion in the porous media. This work reveals that the surface charge in surfactant flooding plays an important role in addition to the oil/water interfacial tension reduction and the rock wettability alteration.
Evaluation of Overall Survival and Barriers to Surgery for Breast Cancer Patients Treated Without Surgery.

Purpose/Objective(s) Surgery remains the foundation of curative therapy for non-metastatic breast cancer, but a substantial proportion of patients do not undergo surgery. Evidence is limited regarding overall survival (OS) outcomes and factors associated with lack of surgery. We sought to measure OS among patients with breast cancer who do not undergo surgery, and assess factors for association with lack of surgery and OS. Materials/Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients in the US National Cancer Data Base from 2004–2016. The dataset comprised 2,696,734 patients; excluding patients with unknown surgical status or stage IV, cT0, cTx, or pIS, metastatic or recurrent disease resulted in 1,192,294 patients for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics. Chi-square tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum were used to test for differences between variables between groups. OS was analyzed utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method for non-surgical patients diagnosed in 2010–2015 to account for receptor status (Median follow-up time 34 months). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess association of risk factors with OS. Results Of the 1,192,294 patients, 50,626 (4.3%) did not undergo surgery. Socioeconomic factors that were more prevalent in the non-surgical cohort were Black race, age > 50 years, lower income, uninsured or public insurance, and lower education; this group was also more likely to have more comorbidities, higher disease stage, and more aggressive disease biology. Only 3,689 non-surgical patients (7.3%) received radiation therapy (RT). Median OS time for all patients who did not have surgery was 58 months (3-year and 5-year OS rates 63% and 49%). Median OS times were longer for patients who received chemotherapy (80 vs 50 months) and RT (85 vs 56 months). On multivariate analysis, age, race, income, insurance status, comorbidity score, disease stage, tumor subtype treatment facility type and location, and receipt of RT were associated with OS. On subgroup analysis, receipt of chemotherapy improved OS for patients with high-risk (triple-negative, HER2+) disease, whereas receipt of RT led to improved OS for patients with ER+ and favorable (ER+, early-stage, age > 60) disease. Conclusion More than 4% of women with non-metastatic breast cancer do not undergo surgery for their cancer, particularly those with more aggressive disease, of minority race/ethnicity and lower socioeconomic status. Despite its known benefits, RT was significantly underused. This study provides one of the first benchmarks of survival outcomes for patients who do not undergo surgery for breast cancer, and highlights a potential role for increased use of RT. Additionally this report highlights significant disparities effecting women of minority race/ethnicity and lower socioeconomic status.
Claiming the Union: Citizenship in the Post-Civil War South

Introduction 1. 'We have fought the first skirmish': loyalty and citizenship 2. Men's Union: fixing the standard of a Union man 3. Women's Union: reckoning with the female Union man 4. Former slaves' Union: bestowing charity or rewarding loyalty 5. The colored Union: being all things to all men Conclusion.
In-Pipeline Stenosis: Incidence, Predictors, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background The Pipeline Embolization Device is a widely utilized flow diverter in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Objective To assess the incidence, clinical significance, predictors, and outcomes of in-Pipeline stenosis (IPS). Methods Angiographic studies in 139 patients treated between 2011 and 2013 were independently reviewed by 2 authors for the presence of IPS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of IPS. Results A total of 21 (15.8%) patients demonstrated some degree of IPS during the follow-up period at a mean time point of 6.7 months (range, 3-24 months). The stenosis was mild ( 75%) in 6. None were symptomatic or required further intervention. Sixteen of these 22 patients (73%) had IPS detected within 6 months. IPS was noted in 7.6% (1/13) of patients with posterior circulation aneurysms vs 16.7% (21/126) of those with anterior circulation aneurysms (P = .03). The rate of IPS was 60% (3/5) in patients who did not receive aspirin vs only 14.2% (19/134) in those who received aspirin (P = .02). In multivariable analysis, no aspirin therapy (odds ratio, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-67.7; P = .02) and internal carotid artery aneurysm location (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-8.8; P = .03) were strong independent predictors of IPS. Conclusion IPS is a common, early, and mostly benign complication. Patients with internal carotid artery aneurysms are more likely to develop IPS. Aspirin plays a key role in preventing IPS. The results of this study further support the safety of flow diverters. Abbreviations IPS, in-Pipeline stenosisPED, Pipeline Embolization Device.
The Production of Echolocation Signals by Bats and Birds

The mechanisms by which echolocating animals produce their sonar signals have generally received less attention than has the detection and processing of these signals by the auditory system. Since the transmitter and receiver are equal partners in the successful operation of a sonar system, we need to know more about how an animal controls the important information-bearing properties of its echolocative signal and about interactions between its vocal and auditory systems. This paper reviews recent developments in the laryngeal or syringeal physiology and vocal tract acoustics of echolocating bats and birds.
A Norwegian and Russian Arctic Campaign Analysis

As climate change accelerates the melting of ice, sea control competition looms over the abundant Arctic region. In this paper I conduct a military analysis of a sea control campaign between two Arctic neighbors — Norway and Russia. I seek to answer three questions. (1) If sufficiently motivated, is the Russian military capable of executing a fait accompli seizure of Norwegian waters in the Arctic? (2) If so, what could the Norwegian military do to confront this aggression? (3) What lessons does this scenario reveal about naval warfare in the missile age and the challenges of military operations in an Arctic environment? I find that Russia would be capable of seizing Norwegian waters for commercial exploitation. Nonetheless, despite Norway’s limited naval power projection capabilities, it could exact significant costs on the Russian fleet through the use of air power and submarines. The analysis concludes with lessons for power projection in an Arctic environment.
An Initiative To Improve Door To Needle Time For Stroke Thrombolysis In Chicago (P7.129)

OBJECTIVE: Decrease door-to-needles times in Chicago Primary Stroke Centers BACKGROUND: Door-to-needle (DTN) times have remained suboptimal despite overall increases in tissue plasminogen activator use (tPA) for stroke in Chicago. The American Heart Association’s (AHA) Quality Enhancement for Speedy Thrombolysis in Stroke (QUESTS) initiative aims to identify barriers to reduce DTN times at Chicago’s 15 primary stroke centers (PSCs). DESIGN/METHODS: Using face-to-face and on-site meetings with each PSC’s stroke team members, the QUESTS program shared AHA Target Stroke best practices and strategies to reduce DTN time. A survey of current practice was completed at each site to determine opportunities for improvement. We used the Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) Stroke registry to aggregate baseline data DTN times and track performance over time. RESULTS: Of the 11 Target Stroke best practices, baseline use was > 90% for 7: EMS pre-notification, rapid triage protocol, stroke evaluation tools, rapid CT and laboratory protocols, team approach, and rapid feedback. Single pager team activation (13/15 sites) and rapid access to tPA in the ED (11/15 sites) were less common. Direct to CT scanner (0/15 sites) and pre-mixing tPA (1/15 sites) were rarely used. In addition, tPA administration prior to laboratory results was rarely practiced (2/15 sites). Most sites activated the stroke team only after ED physician evaluation (12/15). A pharmacist was part of the tPA administration at 11 of 15 sites. Challenges with consent were encountered at all sites. Since the program began, the median DTN time has decreased by one-third (96 minutes in December 2012 to 65 minutes in August 2013). CONCLUSIONS: We identified several opportunities for improvement in DTN times at Chicago’s PSCs. Using a regional face-to-face educational program, we have initiated a plan to decrease DTN time in Chicago. Preliminary results suggest major improvements in short period of time. Study Supported by: Genentech Disclosure: Dr. Prabhakaran has received personal compensation for activities with American Heart Association. Dr. O9Neill has received research support from Genentech, Inc.
Ls(μ)-averaging domains

Abstract In this paper we first introduce L s ( μ )-averaging domains which are generalizations of L s -averaging domains introduced by S.G. Staples. We characterize L s ( μ )-averaging domains using the quasihyperbolic metric. As applications, we prove norm inequalities for conjugate A -harmonic tensors in L s ( μ )-averaging domains which can be considered as generalizations of the Hardy and Littlewood theorem for conjugate harmonic functions. Finally, we give applications to quasiconformal and quasiregular mappings.
Do Educated Women Make Bad Mothers? Twin Studies of the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital

Author(s): Antonovics, Kate; Goldberger, Arthur S. | Abstract: "Does increasing women's schooling raise the schooling of the next generation?" is the question posed by Jere Behrman and Mark Rosenzweig (2002) in their eponymous article. Their answer to the question is no. In fact, they conclude that raising women's schooling may even lower the schooling of the next generation. In this paper, we show that Behrman and Rosenzweig's results are not robust to alternative coding schemes and sample selection rules, and we show that the policy inference may be misguided
Oriented Edge Colorings and Link Scheduling in Sensor Networks

This paper shows that TDMA slot assignment for unicast communication in a wireless network can be distributively computed for an n-node acyclic network in O(polylog(n)) time, with high probability. The best previous distributed algorithm for this problem requires O(n) time and obtains a TDMA schedule using 2Delta time slots. The new algorithm uses (1+epsiv)middot2Delta time slots where epsiv is a tunable fraction
Percent-for-Art Programs at Public Art's Frontier

The federal government, many state governments, and an estimated 350 local governments have implemented percent-for-art fee programs that require a percentage of a project's construction cost to go towards public art. Historically, this resulted in a permanent, on-site art installation. An increasing number of cities, however, are experimenting with percent-for-art fees that fund off-site or temporary public art installations and performances that reflect changes in public art itself. This Article explores the legal implications of, and provides models for, implementing this new type of percent-for-art fee.
The Effects of Exemptions to Florida's Test-Based Promotion Policy: Who Is Retained?--Who Benefits Academically?.

Abstract We evaluate the impact of Florida's test-based promotion policy on the probability that low-performing students are retained using data on the universe of third-grade students in the state of Florida from 2001 to 2004. We also examine the effect of formal exemptions to the policy on student proficiency in reading two years later. In an evaluation of retention for third-grade students over time with a logit model we find that Florida's policy has increased the probability that minority students are retained to a greater extent than white students. Contrary to previous research, this differential retention occurs after controlling for student academic proficiency. However, in an evaluation of the academic performance of students who were in the first class subject to the retention policy, we find that retained students outperform students who received an exemption from the policy in reading two years after baseline, indicating that on average exemptions have not been granted to those individuals who would benefit from promotion.
Post-processing Release Of Microstructures By Electromagnetic Pulses

Adhesion of microstructures is an important failure mechanism in surface micromachined devices. In this paper, a simple, effective post-processing method for releasing pinned microstructures is presented. The method uses the Lorentz interaction between a current and an external magnetic field to generate an upward force that frees the microstructures. The static and transient behavior of beams under the Lorentz force is examined. Critical values of current and pulse durations needed to release the microstructures are determined and verified with experimental data. Using this technique, previously pinned beams and rectangular plates have been released.
Reversal of the Bactericidal Reaction of Serum by Magnesium Ion

Abstract Muschel, Louis H. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), and Jean E. Jackson. Reversal of the bactericidal reaction of serum by magnesium ion. J. Bacteriol. 91:1399–1402. 1966.—Magnesium ion was found to reverse the bactericidal action of the antibody-complement system. Concentrations of 0.03 to 0.11 m MgSO4 or MgCl2 were effective, provided that the reaction of the antibody-complement system did not proceed longer than 50 min. Salts of other monovalent and divalent cations, the polyamine, spermine, and several anticomplementary substances were inactive in reversing the serum bactericidal reaction. Thus, the bactericidal reaction of serum may be bacteriostatic under certain conditions, and this finding is compatible with the persistence of infection in certain diseases despite high levels of antibody.
A concise guide to sustainable PEMFCs: recent advances in improving both oxygen reduction catalysts and proton exchange membranes

The rising interest in fuel cell vehicle technology (FCV) has engendered a growing need and realization to develop rational chemical strategies to create highly efficient, durable, and cost-effective fuel cells. Specifically, technical limitations associated with the major constituent components of the basic proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), namely the cathode catalyst and the proton exchange membrane (PEM), have proven to be particularly demanding to overcome. Therefore, research trends within the community in recent years have focused on (i) accelerating the sluggish kinetics of the catalyst at the cathode and (ii) minimizing overall Pt content, while simultaneously (a) maximizing activity and durability as well as (b) increasing membrane proton conductivity without causing any concomitant loss in either stability or as a result of damage due to flooding. In this light, as an example, high temperature PEMFCs offer a promising avenue to improve the overall efficiency and marketability of fuel cell technology. In this Critical Review, recent advances in optimizing both cathode materials and PEMs as well as the future and peculiar challenges associated with each of these systems will be discussed.
Joint Inference for Knowledge Extraction from Biomedical Literature

Knowledge extraction from online repositories such as PubMed holds the promise of dramatically speeding up biomedical research and drug design. After initially focusing on recognizing proteins and binary interactions, the community has recently shifted their attention to the more ambitious task of recognizing complex, nested event structures. State-of-the-art systems use a pipeline architecture in which the candidate events are identified first, and subsequently the arguments. This fails to leverage joint inference among events and arguments for mutual disambiguation. Some joint approaches have been proposed, but they still lag much behind in accuracy. In this paper, we present the first joint approach for bio-event extraction that obtains state-of-the-art results. Our system is based on Markov logic and adopts a novel formulation by jointly predicting events and arguments, as well as individual dependency edges that compose the argument paths. On the BioNLP'09 Shared Task dataset, it reduced F1 errors by more than 10% compared to the previous best joint approach.
Quantitative genetic analysis of cranial morphology in the cotton‐top (Saguinus oedipus) and saddle‐back (S. fuscicollis) tamarins

Patterns of morphological variation play an important role in evolutionary diversification and are critical to an informed interpretation of interspecific differences. When patterns of genetic variation have not diverged substantially, it is possible to reconstruct the differences in selection which gave rise to morphological differences among extant species. Morphological variation patterns are compared between two tamarin species, the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and the saddle-back tamarin (S. fuscicollis illigeri). Genetic, phenotypic, and environmental variance/covariance and correlation matrices were obtained for a series of 39 cranial characters in each species (cotton-top tamarin, N = 328; saddle-back tamarin, N = 209) and for the species combined using crania from individuals of known genealogical relationship. After accounting for the effects of estimation error on measures of matrix similarity, patterns of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental variation and correlation were found to be very similar across species and among the types of variance within species. Taking the saddle-back tamarins as the standard, cotton-top tamarins have been selected for an enlarged anterior temporalis attachment area and increased facial prognathism. In primates, an enlarged anterior temporalis muscle is associated with incisive food preparation, especially at wide gape.
Experience with CartoSound for arrhythmia ablation in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients

Electro-anatomic mapping (EAM) has been used for more than a decade to assist in defining arrhythmia propagation for transcatheter ablation. Intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE) has also gained acceptance as an adjunct to further define intracardiac anatomy. The integration of these two technologies (CartoSound, Biosense-Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) is a recent development. In this report, we describe our early experience in the young, with and without congenital heart defects (CHD). The clinical and electrophysiologic records of the first 17 patients to undergo procedures with the CartoSound (EAM-ICE) system were reviewed. In all 17, the 3-dimensional shape of the chamber(s) of interest was created using serial tracing of ICE images. The ICE catheter was placed in the esophagus in three and through the femoral vein in 14. Descriptive analysis was performed on demographic data as well as procedural characteristics including procedure time, fluoroscopy time, geometry acquisition time, EAM duration, ablation time, procedure success, and complications. Arrhythmias comprised intra-atrial re-entry tachycardia (13 patients, 76%), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (1; 6%), ventricular ectopic tachycardia (2; 12%), and atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia (1; 6%). Thirteen had CHD, with a median two palliative operations; six had single-ventricle anatomy. Procedure duration was 266 ± 134 min (median ± SD), and fluoroscopy time was 29 ± 28.3 min. Geometry acquisition took 41 ± 35.4 min, or 16% of the total case duration. Ablation lesions were placed in 16 cases, (cooled tip in 12) of which 15 (94%) were successful. One patient experienced mild hypotension. ICE image quality in three patients with the probe placed in the esophagus was suboptimal. Advantages of CartoSound appear to be (1) anatomy modeling in the shape imposed by the arrhythmia, (2) more accurate geometry than EAM alone, and (3) demonstration of catheter position and lesions on echo during the study. Perceived disadvantages are (1) the large sheath required for ICE (11F), and (2) significant procedure time devoted to creation of anatomy. Optimal use may be to focus on key structures required for ablation, obtaining additional views as needed.
Cometary impact and amino acid survival - Chemical kinetics and thermochemistry

The Arrhenius parameters for the initiating reactions in butane thermolysis and the formation of soot, reliable to at least 3000 K, have been applied to the question of the survival of amino acids in cometary impacts on early Earth. The pressure/temperature/time course employed here was that developed in hydrocode simulations for kilometer-sized comets (Pierazzo and Chyba, 1999), with attention to the track below 3000 K where it is shown that potential stabilizing effects of high pressure become unimportant kinetically. The question of survival can then be considered without the need for assignment of activation volumes and the related uncertainties in their application to extreme conditions. The exercise shows that the characteristic times for soot formation in the interval fall well below the cooling periods for impacts ranging from fully vertical down to about 9° above horizontal. Decarboxylation, which emerges as more rapid than soot formation below 2000-3000 K, continues further down to extremely narrow impact angles, and accordingly cometary delivery of amino acids to early Earth is highly unlikely.
Efficient semaphore management using read/modify/write memory cycles

Denning and Dennis [1] give a method of minimizing semaphore contention utilizing tagged memory, semaphore words, and indivisible microcode segments. A similar method, inspired by their work, has been developed which further reduces the amount of time spent in the critical mutually exclusive section of the semaphore management software. Additionally, through the use of a special read/modify/write memory arrangement, may semaphore operations can be performed in one instruction cycle with the remainder being executed with a minimum of memory contention.
Improved procedure for the separation of phospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract We describe a rapid and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for the separation of phospholipids. The separation is accomplished on a microparticulate silica gel column using isocratic elution and UV detection at 203 nm. The solvent mixture is acetonitrile—methanol—85% phosphoric acid(130:5:1.5, v/v). Complete separation is achieved within 30 min of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. The method is suitable for the analysis of phospholipids in tissue extracts.
Adenine nucleotides and the xanthophyll cycle in leaves

The effects of varying the steady-state rate of non-cyclic photosynthetic electron transport on the leaf adenylate energy charge and the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll-cycle pigments were determined in leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the mangrove (Aegialitis annulata R.Br.). Different photosynthetic rates were obtained by varying the intercellular CO2 concentration and/or the leaf temperature, and in some cases, by changing the leaf conductance to CO2 diffusion. Also determined were the effects of these treatments on the changes in the adenylate energy charge and the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll-cycle pigments that occur after darkening of the leaves. The leaf adenylate pool remained close to equilibrium with the adenylate kinase both in the light at steady state and during dark relaxation. The adenylate energy charge increased as the photosynthetic rate decreased and maximal levels were obtained when CO2 assimilation and, therefore, non-cyclic electron flow were maximally inhibited. This implies that, in nature, photophosphorylation may provide energy needed for ion-pumping and biosynthetic and repair processes, even under stress conditions that severely restrict or prevent photosynthetic gas exchange. High levels of de-epoxidized violaxanthin in the light did not necessarily indicate or depend on a high adenylate energy charge. Dithiothreitol, an inhibitor of the violaxanthin de-epoxidase a nd ascorbate peroxidase, did not inhibit the adenylate energy charge in the light. Thus we conclude that coupled electron transport during inhibited CO2 fixation was not driven by a dithiothreitol-sensitive Mehler ascorbate-peroxidase reaction. The changes in the adenylate energy charge and xanthophyll re-epoxidation that follow when leaves were darkened are strongly affected by the preceding photosynthetic rate. Postillumination fluctuations in adenylate energy charge, both at 15 ° and 27 °C, were most pronounced when the preceding photosynthetic rate was minimal and least pronounced when this rate was maximal. Temperature had a considerably greater influence in the dark on xanthophyll re-epoxidation than on the pattern of adenylate relaxation.
Physician attitudes toward confidential care for adolescents.

We examined factors that determine whether pediatricians will grant confidential care to adolescents. Through four vignettes, in which adolescents of different ages and maturity requested confidential care, we assessed the willingness of physicians to give such care for four problems: request for contraceptive, diagnosis of gonorrhea, intrauterine device found incidentally on x-ray study, and illicit drug use. A random sample of 932 physicians responded to the vignettes. Overall physicians agreed to give confidential care to adolescents in 75% of the vignettes. They were more likely to give confidentiality in cases involving sexual activity. They supported confidential care for 87% of patients requesting contraceptives, but for only 54% reporting illicit drug use. The proportion of physicians supporting confidentiality increased with age and maturity of the minors. Seventeen-year-old mature adolescents seeking contraceptives were given confidentiality by 97% of physicians. Thus physician responses to vignettes indicated that they strongly support confidential care for adolescents as represented in the clinical vignettes.