cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in thermogenesis structure behavior and contact within huddles of infant mice.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic effector abundant in most mammalian infants. For multiparous species such as rats and mice, the interscapular BAT deposit provides both an emergency “thermal blanket” and a target for nestmates seeking warmth, thereby increasing the cohesiveness of huddling groups. Sex differences in BAT regulation and thermogenesis have been documented in a number of species, including mice (Mus musculus)–with females generally exhibiting relative upregulation of BAT. It is nonetheless unknown whether this difference affects the behavioral dynamics occurring within huddles of infant rodents. We investigated sex differences in BAT thermogenesis and its relation to contact while huddling in eight-day-old C57BL/6 mouse pups using infrared thermography, scoring of contact, and causal modeling of the relation between interscapular temperature relative to other pups in the huddle (TISrel) and contacts while huddling. We found that females were warmer than their male siblings during cold challenge, under conditions both in which pups were isolated and in which pups could actively huddle in groups of six (3 male, 3 female). This difference garnered females significantly more contacts from other pups than males during cold-induced huddling. Granger analyses revealed a significant negative feedback relationship between contacts with males and TISrel for females, and positive feedback between contacts with females and TISrel for males, indicating that male pups drained heat from female siblings while huddling. Significant sex assortment nonetheless occurred, such that females made more contacts with other females than expected by chance, apparently outcompeting males for access to each other. These results provide further evidence of enhanced BAT thermogenesis in female mice. Slight differences in BAT can significantly structure the behavioral dynamics occurring in huddles, resulting in differences in the quantity and quality of contacts obtained by the individuals therein, creating sex differences in behavioral interactions beginning in early infancy.
Testing untyped alleles (TUNA)-applications to genome-wide association studies.

The large number of tests performed in analyzing data from genome-wide association studies has a large impact on the power of detecting risk variants, and analytic strategies specifying the optimal set of hypotheses to be tested are necessary. We propose a genome-wide strategy that is based on one degree of freedom tests for all the genotyped variants, and for all the untyped variants for which there is sufficient information in the observed data. The set of untyped variants to be tested is found using multi-locus measures of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies from a reference database such as HapMap (The International HapMap Consortium [2003] Nature 426:789–796). We introduce a novel statistic for testing differences in allele frequencies for untyped variation that is based on linear combinations of estimable haplotype frequencies. Algorithms for finding the sets of genotyped markers to be used in testing an untyped allele, and ways of incorporating haplotypes observed in the study data but not in the reference database are also described. The proposed testing strategy can be used as the first step in the analysis of genome-wide association data, and, because every performed test is directed to a marker, it can be used to specify the set of polymorphisms to genotype in follow-up studies. The described methodology provides also a tool for joint analysis of data from studies done on different platforms. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006.© 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Virtual Training Simulator for Atomic Force Microscopy

Training novice users how to operate an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is expensive due to the cost of equipment and the time required to train users in a hands-on learning environment. Training large groups of users simultaneously presents a problem because usually only one AFM is available for use. To alleviate this problem, a virtual training simulator for AFM training has been developed. The training simulator is a Windows-based software program designed to allow users to simulate basic AFM operation on a PC. Instructors can use this tool to demonstrate the exact same instruction that a user would receive in an AFM lab within the confines of a classroom or computer lab. The graphical user interface (GUI) of the simulator replicates the interface of one of the most popular commercial AFM models to aid learning transfer from the simulator to the actual AFM. The goal of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the work that has been completed towards creating this virtual training simulator. The virtual AFM simulator modeling, design, and implementation are described.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Use of a bovine model to study the role of adhesion molecule CD11/CD18 in hemodialysis-induced neutropenia

Abstract The early neutropenia that occurs with cellulose-based dialysis membranes is believed to result from a cascade of immune events: complement activation, engagement of leukocyte adhesion molecules, cytokine release, and leukocyte sequestration. The β2 integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18) is upregulated during hemodialysis, binds complement factor iC3b, and mediates leukocyte adhesion to endothelium and leukoaggregation. Despite being invoked in dialysis-induced neutropenia, there is no direct evidence of a role for CD11b/CD18 in the neutropenia. A unique animal model of β2-integrin deficiency was discovered in calves experiencing recurrent infections and a paucity of leukocytes in infected tissue. We hypothesized that β2 integrins mediate the neutropenia of dialysis and directly tested this hypothesis using β2-integrin-deficient calves. Two 3-month old β2-integrin-deficient and two age-matched Holstein calves were dialyzed using cuprophane dialyzers. β2-Integrin-deficient calves had less than 2% of normal neutrophil CD18 expression by flow cytometry. Normal calves had a marked decrease in circulating neutrophils (P
MENTAL DISORDER AND VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF INVOLVEMENT IN CONFLICTED SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS*

This study examines whether the relationship between mental disorder and violent victimization is attributable to the disproportionate involvement of mentally disordered people in conflicted social relationships. The data consist of a sample of discharged psychiatric patients (N= 270) and a sample of nonpatients (N= 477) drawn from the same neighborhoods. Results show that mentally disordered patients were more likely to be victimized by violence and to be involved in conflicted social relationships. Moreover, involvement in conflicted social relationships mediated the effect of mental disorder on violent victimization, a result that held when illegal drug use by the patients was taken into account. Implications for research and theory are discussed.
The association of paracardial adenopathy with hepatic metastasis found on CT arterial portography

Background: The association of paracardial lymphadenopathy with hepatic metastases in patients undergoing computed tomographic arterial portography (CTAP) prior to possible resection of hepatic metastases is documented.
DNA damage response and repair: insights into strategies for radiation sensitization of gliomas

The incorporation of radiotherapy into multimodality treatment plans has led to significant improvements in glioma patient survival. However, local recurrence from glioma resistance to ionizing radiation remains a therapeutic challenge. The tumoricidal effect of radiation therapy is largely attributed to the induction of dsDNA breaks (DSBs). In the past decade, there have been tremendous strides in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DSB repair. The identification of gene products required for DSB repair has provided novel therapeutic targets. Recent studies revealed that many US FDA-approved cancer agents inhibit DSB repair by interacting with repair proteins. This article will aim to provide discussion of DSB repair mechanisms to provide molecular targets for radiation sensitization of gliomas and a discussion of FDA-approved cancer therapies that modulate DSB repair to highlight opportunities for combination therapy with radiotherapy for glioma therapy.
Bio- Pic/Death Story: Emilio Martínez- Lázaro’s Las 13 rosas

Abstract Emilio Martinez-Lazaro's Las 13 rosas is a bio-pic that relates the lives and deaths of thirteen young women from Madrid who were executed at the end of the Spanish Civil War. The film represents the culmination of myriad narratives that Linhard calls their ‘death story’. The film has four parts, which depict their life at the end of the war, their arrest and torture, their incarceration, and their execution. This final segment of the narrative shows that it seems to have a dual trajectory. On the one hand, there are various elements that underscore the principal concept of the film: to preserve their historical memory. On the other hand, there are elements that seem to diminish the impact of the dramatic events. The film's historical memory thus walks the fine line between the ‘pacto del olvido’ and denunciation.
Energy Conservation: A Project for Grades 5–7: Creative Ideas Grand Prize

(1989). Energy Conservation: A Project for Grades 5–7: Creative Ideas Grand Prize. Science Activities: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 8-13.
Limitations on prebiological synthesis

Chemical evolution toward life would have involved a series of spontaneous reactions, and thus, by definition, non-equilibrium conditions. External energy inputs would have been needed to maintain such conditions. The concentrations of interesting intermediates like formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, amino acids and organic phosphates in such a system would have depended on the balance between synthesis under the influence of the energy sources and degradation in the universal approach to equilibrium. A look at possible energy sources in the primitive environment of the earth indicates that they could have furnished enough energy to maintain only very small concentrations of intermediates. Concentrations would have been highest at low temperatures because of slower degradation of the compounds produced. A primary requirement for continuous chemical evolution is the availability of means to couple incoming energy into specific synthetic pathways.
Nonpharmacological Treatment of Pain in Rheumatic Diseases and Other Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions

Pain is a complex phenomenon affected by biological, psychological, and social factors. Treatment of pain is most effective when using a multidisciplinary approach consisting of a careful selection of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions based upon disease factors, pain characteristics, psychological coping abilities, and lifestyle factors. In this review we focus on research-based evidence for non-pharmacological intervention including psychological intervention, physical exercise, patient education, and complementary approaches for pain management for patients with rheumatic diseases and common musculoskeletal pain conditions, such as low back pain. The vast majority of research studies on chronic pain conditions are focused on adults but pediatric studies are also reviewed wherever possible, to give the reader a more inclusive view of non-pharmacological approaches for pain management across the lifespan.
Lateral migration of linear dunes in the Strzelecki Desert, Australia

Linear dunes in the Strzelecki Desert trend roughly south-north. Sand transport, which is toward the NNE, has caused the dunes to migrate eastward while they extend or migrate northward. Eastward lateral migration is evidenced by: (1) asymmetrical shape of the dunes; east-facing slopes are several times as steep as west-facing slopes; (2) asymmetrical accumulation of loose recently transported sand (relatively abundant on east-facing slopes); (3) asymmetrical outcropping of older semiconsolidated aeolian sand on the dune surface (more abundant on west-facing slopes); and (4) east-dipping foreset beds that underly the west-facing flanks of some dunes. Dunes in the Strzelecki Desert are still active in the sense that sand is transported along and across many dune crests. However, the dunes are composed primarily of Pleistocene strata, indicating that the trend of the dunes was established before the Holocene. The obliquity of the dunes to the transport direction is not merely an aberration of the wind regime of the last few decades. Preferential accumulation of sand on east-facing flanks indicates that the dunes migrated eastward several metres during the Holocene. Moreover, the west-facing flanks of some dunes have experienced a minimum of tens of metres of erosion. This asymmetric erosion and deposition were caused by dune obliquity and lateral migration that may have begun as early as the Pleistocene. Dunes in the Strzelecki Desert and in the adjacent Simpson Desert display a variety of grossly different internal structures. Computer graphics experiments demonstrate that many of these differences in structure can be explained by different angles of climb of the dunes.
Astronomy FPA advancements at Rockwell Scientific

Advancements in space and ground-based astronomy focal plane array (FPA) technology at Rockwell Scientific Company (RSC) are presented. The review covers the broad base of astronomy work at RSC for both present and next generation FPAs, and details recent achievements in detector, readout, and packaging technologies. RSC astronomy FPA progress includes: RSC FPA delivery for NASA's successful Deep Impact mission, progress on RSC's programs supplying H-2RG FPAs for James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) instruments JWST NIRCam, NIRSpec and FGS; selection of RSC's SIDECAR Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for use on JWST instruments NIRCam, NIRSpec and FGS and the development of the JWST SIDECAR space flight package; first silicon on the 16 million pixel HAWAII-4RG (4Kx4K); optimization of NIR FPAs for space telescope missions; construction of multiple 16 million pixel 2x2 mosaic FPAs using the HAWAII-2RG readouts, and the development of the Microlensing Planet Finder (MPF) very large, 150 million pixel FPA.
Electron microscopy of the acinar cell of the that preputial gland

The rat preputial gland is a morphologically complex structure active in both lipid and protein secretion. By electron microscopy, its acinar cells contain an extensively developed endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi vacuoles, where the protein secretory granules apparently arise. As the granules mature, they assume a crystalloid configuration and, after losing their surrounding membranes when the cell degenerates, are deposited in an excretory duct along with lipid and cellular debris. The granules are apparently unrelated either to mitochondria or to tonofiliments, but seem to represent a true protein secretion of the acinar cell itself.
Aesthetics and politics revisited: An interview with Jacques Rancière

GAVIN ARNALL: You argue in The Politics of Aesthetics that “it is within the mimetic regime that the old stands in contrast with the new.” This makes us think of the surrealist practice of invoking the outmoded, a practice overlooked by many theorists of the avant-garde who characterize the avant-garde as inclined toward rupture, the future, and the new. Do you see this romantic gesture of invoking the outmoded and utilizing it in a new way as a practice in accord with the aesthetic regime? Does this practice, in other words, participate in constructing what you call “the newness of the tradition?” JACQUES RANCIERE: Yes, I think so. The aesthetic regime means a rupture with what came before, the mimetic regime. The latter was ruled by an idea of the historical evolution that created a gap between the ancients and the moderns. On the one hand, the ancients were supposed to provide models. But, at the same time, they were the primitives, and it was no longer possible to do the same thing as they had done. One had to study Sophocles or Aeschylus, but it was not imaginable to perform their plays because they were at odds with modern refinement. I think one of the markers of the move toward the aesthetic regime is the project to present on stage the plays of Greek dramatists. Even the concept of the classics is linked with the aesthetic regime, which leaves open the possibility of reusing, recycling, and reinventing the ancient forms. I think it is quite an important point. You mention surrealism as a way of reusing existing forms,
THE SPIRAL ARMS OF THE MILKY WAY: THE RELATIVE LOCATION OF EACH DIFFERENT ARM TRACER WITHIN A TYPICAL SPIRAL ARM WIDTH

From the Sun's location in the Galactic disk, different arm tracers (CO, H I, hot dust, etc.) have been employed to locate a tangent to each spiral arm. Using all various and different observed spiral arm tracers (as published elsewhere), we embark on a new goal, namely the statistical analysis of these published data (data mining) to statistically compute the mean location of each spiral arm tracer. We show for a typical arm cross-cut, a separation of 400?pc between the mid-arm and the dust lane (at the inner edge of the arm, toward the Galactic center). Are some arms major and others minor??Separating arms into two sets, as suggested by some, we find the same arm widths between the two sets. Our interpretation is that we live in a multiple (four-arm) spiral (logarithmic) pattern (around a pitch angle of 12?) for the stars and gas in the Milky Way, with a sizable interarm separation (around 3?kpc) at the Sun's location and the same arm width for each arm (near 400?pc from mid-arm to dust lane).
Introduction to Decision, Negotiation, Leadership, Social Communities, and Technology Minitrack

From a systems perspective, leadership can be viewed as a complex process leading to a negotiation agreement constituting a common ground for involved participants. This process implies the need of using technologies to support connectedness leading to negotiated outcomes, in addition to centralized and decentralized data and models. As Joseph Nye states in his 2010 book on "The Power to Lead", "leaders as those who help the group create and achieved shared goals,"(p. XI) leadership is an integral part of effective group decision and negotiation (GDN) processes. Recognition of this bridge between the GDN and leadership areas allows us to bring to functioning leadership the technology available to support GDN processes. Also, the concept of connectedness has now become pervasive in social generations that are transforming the way organizations work and serve their customers and stakeholders.The newly redesigned HICSS-48 minitrack will continue to support research related to the role of NSS in a Web-centric platform and with applications in electronic markets, e-auctions and automated negotiation agents, and in social computing platforms. More particularly, we would like to expand this minitrack to explore research issues related to the concept, design, implementation, use and evaluation of technologies that involve decision-making, negotiation, leadership and social engagement in business. Since 1991, this minitrack has gathered a respectable collection of papers in this young but promising area of research. Collectively, the selected papers in this minitrack continue to offer innovative and thought-provoking research in computer-supported mediation, now embedded in a social context.
The diffusivity of the vacancy in silicon: Is it fast or slow?

Abstract Vacancies in silicon are known to be highly mobile both at high temperatures (just below the melting point) and at cryogenic temperatures. Contrary to this, however, vacancy diffusivity near 800 °C — as deduced from the radiation-enhanced self-diffusion coefficient Dsd — was reported to be surprisingly low. An apparent explanation of this contradiction is that the defect concentrations (and accordingly Dsd) are reduced by an impurity-mediated recombination of vacancies and self-interstitials. This effect however is shown to be insufficient to account for such a low Dsd. A suggested solution to the puzzle is that self-interstitials (and vacancies as well) exist in two structural forms, a localized one and an extended one, of strongly differing diffusivities. A low diffusivity manifested in radiation-enhanced self-diffusion is likely to correspond to a low apparent diffusivity of self-interstitials (averaged over the two forms) rather than that of vacancies. The fast and slow forms of vacancies are concluded to be both of a high diffusivity at elevated temperatures while it is most likely that one of them (the extended one) becomes practically immobile at low temperatures.
Origin and evolution of planetary atmospheres

Spacecraft and groundbased observations of the atmospheres of solar system objects have provided a definition of their present characteristics and have yielded clues about their past history. Table 1 presents a summary of our current knowledge of the atmospheric properties of all the planets, except Pluto, and several satellites. The masses of these atmospheres range from the very miniscule values for the Moon, Mercury, and Io, to the more substantial values for the Earth, Venus, Mars, and Titan, to the very large values for the giant planets, where the atmosphere constitutes a significant fraction of the total planetary mass. The compositions of these atmospheres encompass ones dominated by rare gases (the Moon and Mercury), ones containing highly oxidized compounds of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (the outer three terrestrial planets and Io), and ones with highly reduced gases (Titan and the giant planets). What factors account for this enormous diversity in properties?
Who blogs? Personality predictors of blogging

The Big Five personality inventory measures personality based on five key traits: neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment 4, 5-13]. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that individual differences on the Big Five factors are associated with different types of Internet usage Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior 19, 71-80; Hamburger, Y. A., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2000). Relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and the different uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior 16, 441-449]. Two studies sought to extend this research to a relatively new online format for expression: blogging. Specifically, we examined whether the different Big Five traits predicted blogging. The results of two studies indicate that people who are high in openness to new experience and high in neuroticism are likely to be bloggers. Additionally, the neuroticism relationship was moderated by gender indicating that women who are high in neuroticism are more likely to be bloggers as compared to those low in neuroticism whereas there was no difference for men. These results indicate that personality factors impact the likelihood of being a blogger and have implications for understanding who blogs.
Conformation of PrPC on the Cell Surface as Probed by Antibodies

Abstract We have investigated the conformation of Syrian hamster PrP C on the surface of transfected CHO cells by performing cross-competition experiments between a set of nine monoclonal antibody fragments (Fab) directed to defined epitopes throughout the protein. No competition was observed between antibodies recognizing epitopes located within the unstructured N-terminal portion of PrP C and those recognizing epitopes located within the ordered C-terminal half of the molecule. However, competition was observed between antibodies recognizing overlapping epitopes and between antibodies recognizing epitopes lying adjacent to one another in the PrP sequence. Titrating the reactivity of each Fab against cell-surface PrP C revealed a clear heterogeneity in the accessibility of different specific epitopes. Fab D18, recognizing sequence incorporating the first α-helix of PrP C , bound the largest fraction of the cell-surface PrP population. In contrast, Fab E123, binding an epitope at the extreme N terminus of PrP, and Fab 13A5, binding an epitope in the central region of PrP, were able to recognize fewer than half the number of PrP C molecules bound by Fab D18. The pattern of antibody reactivity we observed may, in part, result from N-terminal truncation of a proportion of PrP C molecules found at the cell surface. However, truncation cannot account for the marked disparity between exposure of the Fab D18 and 13A5 epitopes, which lie adjacent in the PrP sequence. The relative inaccessibility of the 13A5 epitope likely reflects either PrP C –PrP C interaction, interaction between PrP C and other constituents on the cell membrane, or the existence of PrP C subspecies with distinct conformations.
Biomechanical study of flexible intramedullary nails.

BACKGROUND: Flexible intramedullary (IM) nailing is considered a safe, minimally invasive fixation technique with relatively low complication rates for long-bone fractures in the pediatric population. At our institution, questions have arisen about stability of fixation based on the distance of the nail past the fracture site. Clinically, this question arises with proximal or distal fractures and when the nail is unable to be passed to the desired distance past the fracture site. The purpose of our study was to compare biomechanical resistance with bending forces for fixation constructs whose IM nails are at differing distances beyond the fracture site in different bones. METHODS: This study tested matched pairs of canine radii, ulnas, and tibias in 4-point bending and compared the biomechanical properties of length of nail fixation past the fracture site in relation to bone diameter. RESULTS: Fixations of 1 or 2 diameters past the osteotomy yielded gross instability. There was no difference found in bending failure force, displacement, stiffness, or energy when comparing 3 versus 5 diameters of fixation past the fracture site. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible IM nails act as internal splints to align the fracture ends. At 3 diameters or more beyond the fracture site, the length does not significantly affect the biomechanical properties of the construct. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Flexible IM nails act as internal splints to align the fracture ends. At 3 diameters or more past the fracture site, the length of the nail does not greatly affect the biomechanical properties of the construct. This knowledge may be helpful in clinical scenarios where there is uncertainty about the expected strength of a shorter fixation. Examples include when the nail cannot be passed completely to the distal metaphysis and in proximal or distal long-bone fractures. Further clinical studies are needed to determine implications in a patient setting.
Should we test 4-year-olds?

Last fall, ∼450 000 4-year-olds from every state and nearly every locale in the nation were administered a new standardized test called the Head Start National Reporting System (NRS). This may have been the single largest test administration in US history, and it is scheduled to be repeated again this spring and twice a year thereafter, each year at a cost in excess of $16 million. Many in the field urged that, if the test had to be given (and in most cases it is administered by the children’s teachers), only a sample of children in Head Start be tested as is done in such other national assessments as the National Assessment for Educational Progress.1 However, there is no sampling design for the NRS. All children who are the right age and speak the right languages (ie, English or Spanish) are tested. The test items are extremely problematic (see ref. 2 for a critique). Although administered individually rather than group-administered, the NRS is fundamentally a high-stakes test that relies heavily … Reprint requests to (S.J.M.) Erikson Institute, 420 N Wabash Ave, Chicago, IL 60611-5627. E-mail: smeisels{at}erikson.edu
Depression in Racial and Ethnic Minorities: the Impact of Nativity and Discrimination

This research examines factors associated with lifetime major depressive disorder in racial and ethnic minorities residing in the USA, with an emphasis on the impact of nativity, discrimination, and health lifestyle behaviors. The Healthy Migrant Effect and Health Lifestyle Theory were used to inform the design of this project. The use of these frameworks not only provides insightful results but also expands their application in mental health disparities research. Logistic regression models were implemented to examine risk factors associated with lifetime major depressive disorder, comparing immigrants to their American-born counterparts as well as to American-born Whites. Data were derived from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (n = 17,249). Support was found for the hypothesis that certain immigrants, specifically Asian and Afro-Caribbean, have lower odds of depression as compared their non-immigrant counterparts. Although, Hispanic immigrants directionally had lower odds of depression, this finding was not statistically significant. Furthermore, engaging in excessive alcohol consumption was associated with higher rates of depression (odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, p < 0.001), and the effect of discrimination on depression was found to be significant, even when controlling for demographics. Of all racial and ethnic groups, foreign-born Afro-Caribbeans had the lowest rate of depression at 7 % followed by foreign-born Asians at 8 %.
Absorption and luminescence of pyridine-based polymers

We summarize the low energy photophysics of the pyridine-based polymers poly(p-pyridine)(PPy), poly(p-pyridyl vinylene) (PPyV) and copolymers made up of PPyV and poly(p-pheneylene vinylene) (PPyVPV). The absorption and luminescence properties are morphology dependent. The primary photoexcitations within these polymers are singlet excitons which may emit from individual chains following a random walk to lower energy segments, depending upon the excitation energy. Films display redshifted absorption and emission properties with a decrease in photoluminescence efficiency which can be attributed to aggregate formation in comparison to powder and solution forms. Photoinduced absorption (PA) studies show direct conversion of singlet to triplet excitons on the ps time scale. Polaron signatures and the transition between triplet exciton states are seen in powder forms using ms PA techniques. Film forms display only a polaron signature at millisecond times indicating that morphology plays a key role in the long-time photophysics for these systems. Photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance studies also have signatures due to both polarons and triplet excitons. The size of the triplet exciton is limited to a single ring suggesting that the triplet exciton may be trapped by extrinsic effects.
The influence of immersion and presence in early stage engineering designing and building

This paper explores the role of a designer's sense of engagement in early stage design. In the field of virtual reality, presence and immersion are standard measures of an individual's sense of engagement and involvement in an activity. High levels of presence might indicate that the designer is highly focused on the work. The central research question is the following: do designers who are more engaged in design activity, as measured by presence and immersive tendency questionnaires, produce better designs? An experiment was conducted to assess presence and immersive tendencies within the context of a hands-on, open-ended design-and-build activity. The results indicated that the designers' sense of immersion and presence ranged widely as well as their sense of frustration and calmness while performing the design activity. It was found that higher levels of presence correlated with either high design performance or low design performance. Lower levels of presence correlated with average design performance. No correlations were found between immersive tendency and design performance. This study suggests that some level of presence can be linked with better design, and it implies that level of presence might serve as an indicator of performance and learning in similar design-and-build activities.
Interpersonal Conflict, Agreeableness, and Personality Development

This multimethod research linked the Big-Five personality dimensions to interpersonal conflict in childhood. Agreeableness was the personality dimension of focus because this dimension has been associated with maintaining positive interpersonal relations in adolescents and adults. In two studies, elementary school children were assessed on the Big-Five domains of personality. Study 1 (n=276) showed that agreeableness was uniquely associated with endorsements of conflict resolution tactics in children as well as parent and teacher reports of coping and adjustment. Study 2 (n=234) revealed that children's perceptions of themselves and others during conflict was influenced by their agreeableness regardless of their partner's agreeableness. Observers also reported that pairs higher in agreeableness had more harmonious, constructive conflicts. Overall findings suggest that of the Big-Five dimensions, agreeableness is most closely associated with processes and outcomes related to interpersonal conflict and adjustment in children.
On innovative methods of induction motor inter-turn and broken-bar fault diagnostics

A fault indicator, the so called swing angle, for broken-bar and inter-turn faults is investigated in this paper. This fault indicator is based on the rotating magnetic field pendulous oscillation concept in faulty squirrel cage induction motors. Using the "swing angle indicator", it is demonstrated here that an inter-turn fault can be detected even in the presence of machine manufacturing imperfections. Meanwhile, a broken-bar fault can be detected under both direct line and PWM excitations, even under the more difficult condition of partial load levels. These two conditions of partial load and motor manufacturing imperfections, which are considered as difficult situations for fault detection, are investigated through experimentally obtained test results for a set of 2-hp and 5-hp induction motors
Haskell on a shared-memory multiprocessor

Multi-core processors are coming, and we need ways to program them. The combination of purely-functional programming and explicit, monadic threads, communicating using transactional memory, looks like a particularly promising way to do so. This paper describes a full-scale implementation of shared-memory parallel Haskell, based on the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. Our main technical contribution is a lock-free mechanism for evaluating shared thunks that eliminates the major performance bottleneck in parallel evaluation of a lazy language. Our results are preliminary but promising: we can demonstrate wall-clock speedups of a serious application (GHC itself), even with only two processors, compared to the same application compiled for a uni-processor.
The determination of periodicity in physical problems from series-solution representations

The theoretical description of physical systems frequently results in series representation for the solutions. If the series is not summable in terms of tabulated functions whose properties are known, the determination of any periodicity can be difficult. This paper discusses the recognition of periodicity in MacLaurin-type series representations. A calculation procedure is demonstrated for those cases where periodic characteristics do exist.
US Department of Education Data on “Autism” Are Not Reliable for Tracking Autism Prevalence

Many autism advocacy groups use the data collected by the US Department of Education (USDE) to show a rapidly increasing prevalence of autism. Closer examination of these data to follow each birth-year cohort reveals anomalies within the USDE data on autism. The USDE data show not only a rise in overall autism prevalence with time but also a significant and nearly linear rise in autism prevalence within a birth-year cohort as it ages, with significant numbers of new cases as late as 17 years of age. In addition, an unexpected reduction in the rise of autism prevalence occurs in most cohorts at 12 years of age, the age when most children would be entering middle school. These anomalies point to internal problems in the USDE data that make them unsuitable for tracking autism prevalence.
Ethnic Group and Social Class Differences in College Students' Career Development.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine ethnic group and social class differences in 401 college students' career development. Assessments of career development included career decision-making attitudes, vocational congruence, and career decision-making skills. Statistical analyses did not reveal any social class differences in career development. Ethnic group differences, however, were observed, including significant differences in career decision-making attitudes and vocational congruence. Findings suggest that current theories of career development are lacking in their application to today's ethnically diverse college population. Future directions for cross-cultural career development research and implications for career counselors are discussed.
Jumping into the Sea: From Academics to Entrepreneurs in South China

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 The Founders of the Factory Chapter 3 Contracting the Factory Chapter 4 Successes, Conflicts, and Frustrations Chapter 5 Founding the Company Chapter 6 The Wives Chapter 7 Managing the Company Chapter 8 Conclusion, with a Surprising Twist Chapter 9 Appendix A. Research Permission Chapter 10 Appendix B. Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises of the People's Republic of China Chapter 11 Appendix C. The Documents Consulted Chapter 12 Appendix D. The Contract Chapter 13 Glossary Chapter 14 Index
Porphyroblast rotation and strain localization: Debate settled!

The topic of whether or not porphyroblasts rotate relative to a fixed external reference frame during deformation has engendered much debate, mainly owing to the fact that pre-deformational orientations of porphyroblasts and their inclusion trails can rarely be reconstructed. In 20 years of
IDH1 gene transcription is sterol regulated and activated by SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells: evidence that IDH1 may regulate lipogenesis in hepatic cells.

The mRNA level for cytosolic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) increases 2.3-fold, and enzyme activity of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 63%, in sterol-deprived HepG2 cells. The mRNA levels of the NADP- and NAD-dependent mitochondrial enzymes show limited or lack of regulation under the same conditions. Nucleotide sequences that are required, and sufficient, for the sterol regulation of transcription are located within a 67 bp region of an IDH1-secreted alkaline phosphatase promoter-reporter gene. The IDH1 promoter is fully activated by the expression of SREBP-1a in the cells and, to a lesser degree, by that of SREBP-2. A 5′-end truncation of 23 bp containing a CAAT and a GC-Box results in 6.5% residual activity. The promoter region involved in the activation by the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) is located at nucleotides −44 to −25. Mutagenesis analysis identified within this region the IDH1-SRE sequence element GTGGGCTGAG, which binds the SREBPs. Similar to the promoter activation, electrophoretic mobility shifts of probes containing the IDH1-SRE element exhibit preferential binding to SREBP-1a, as compared with SREBP-2. These results indicate that IDH1 activity is coordinately regulated with the cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways and suggest that it is the source for the cytosolic NADPH required by these pathways.
Alimony Rights and Intrahousehold Bargaining: Evidence from Brazil

While theoretical models of family and household decision-making that highlight the role of the individual provide sharp empirical predictions, testing lags far behind. This paper provides a robust assessment of how shifts in the within-household balance of \decision power" aect family-level behavioral choices regarding labor supply and investments in the human capital of children. Using an exogenous source of variation provided by the adoption of a law (extension of alimony rights to cohabitants), this paper provides empirical evidence that (intra-household) empowerment of women resulted in the reduction of hours worked by female heads, and in the redistribution of household resources towards schooling of rst-born girls. The results reveal heterogeneous characteristics of the parental preferences that are not compatible with the \unitary" representations of the household.
Antiviral Potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Modulation for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection as Identified by Temporal Kinome Analysis

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lineage C betacoronavirus, and infections with this virus can result in acute respiratory syndrome with renal failure. Globally, MERS-CoV has been responsible for 877 laboratory-confirmed infections, including 317 deaths, since September 2012. As there is a paucity of information regarding the molecular pathogenesis associated with this virus or the identities of novel antiviral drug targets, we performed temporal kinome analysis on human hepatocytes infected with the Erasmus isolate of MERS-CoV with peptide kinome arrays. bioinformatics analysis of our kinome data, including pathway overrepresentation analysis (ORA) and functional network analysis, suggested that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling responses were specifically modulated in response to MERS-CoV infection in vitro throughout the course of infection. The overrepresentation of specific intermediates within these pathways determined by pathway and functional network analysis of our kinome data correlated with similar patterns of phosphorylation determined through Western blot array analysis. In addition, analysis of the effects of specific kinase inhibitors on MERS-CoV infection in tissue culture models confirmed these cellular response observations. Further, we have demonstrated that a subset of licensed kinase inhibitors targeting the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways significantly inhibited MERS-CoV replication in vitro whether they were added before or after viral infection. Taken together, our data suggest that ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling responses play important roles in MERS-CoV infection and may represent novel drug targets for therapeutic intervention strategies.
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in an older child: association with disseminated intravascular coagulation

A 9-year-old black girl underwent right hepatectomy because of a large primary tumor in the right lobe of the liver. Histopathologic examination revealed the diagnosis of mesenchymal hamartoma, a rare benign tumor occurring mostly in children below the age of 2 years. Preoperatively, the patient had laboratory evidence of mild disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) but had no bleeding manifestations. In preparation for the surgery, the patient received whole blood exchange transfusion and platelet transfusion which re-resulted in marked improvement in hemostatic parameters. Despite what appeared to be adequate replacement of blood loss during the surgical procedure, the patient developed sudden cardiac arrest near the end of the procedure and died. The probable cause of death was hypovolemia. This case of mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma illustrates two unusual features: age of the patient and the association with DIC. The latter, to our knowledge, has not been reported before.
Vascular characterization of mice with endothelial expression of cytochrome P450 4F2

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A and 4F enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Although CYP4A-derived 20-HETE is known to have prohypertensive and proangiogenic properties, the effects of CYP4F-derived metabolites are not well characterized. To investigate the role of CYP4F2 in vascular disease, we generated mice with endothelial expression of human CYP4F2 (Tie2-CYP4F2-Tr). LC/MS/MS analysis revealed 2-foldincreases in 20-HETE levels in tissues and endothelial cells (ECs), relative to wild-type (WT) controls. Tie2-CYP4F2-Tr ECs demonstrated increases in growth (267.1 ± 33.4 vs. 205.0 ± 13% at 48 h) and tube formation (7.7 ± 1.1 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5 tubes/field) that were 20-HETE dependent and associated with up-regulation of prooxidant NADPH oxidase and proangiogenic VEGF. Increases in VEGF and NADPH oxidase levels were abrogated by inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and MAPK, respectively, suggesting the possibility of crosstalk between pathways. Interestingly, IL-6 levels in Tie2-CYP4F2-Tr mice (18.6 ± 2.7 vs. 7.9 ± 2.7 pg/ml) were up-regulated via NADPH oxidase- and 20-HETE-dependent mechanisms. Although Tie2-CYP4F2-Tr aortas displayed increased vasoconstriction, vasorelaxation and blood pressure were unchanged. Our findings indicate that human CYP4F2 significantly increases 20-HETE production, CYP4F2-derived 20-HETE mediates EC proliferation and angiogenesis via VEGF- and NADPH oxidase-dependent manners, and the Tie2-CYP4F2-Tr mouse is a novel model for examining the pathophysiological effects of CYP4F2-derived 20-HETE in the vasculature.-Cheng, J., Edin, M. L., Hoopes, S. L., Li, H., Bradbury, J. A., Graves, J. P., DeGraff, L. M., Lih, F. B., Garcia, V., Shaik, J. S. B., Tomer, K. B., Flake, G. P., Falck, J. R., Lee, C. R., Poloyac, S. M., Schwartzman, M. L., Zeldin, D. C. Vascular characterization of mice with endothelial expression of cytochrome P450 4F2.
Modeling, identification and feedforward control of multivariable hysteresis by combining Bouc-Wen equations and the inverse multiplicative structure

This paper deals with the modeling, identification and feedforward control of hysteresis found in multi-degrees of freedom (DOF) piezoelectric actuators. One main characteristic of the considered hysteresis behavior is the strong couplings. To express such multivariable hysteresis, we propose to extend the previous Bouc-Wen hysteresis monovariable model used for 1-DOF actuators. Then we propose to combine the resulting multivariable model with the inverse multiplicative structure in order to derive a multivariable compensator that suppresses the direct and the coupling hysteresis. Experimental tests on a piezotube scanner demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Measuring Student Involvement: A Comparison of Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory in the Construction of Scales from Student Surveys

This study compares the psychometric utility of Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) for scale construction with data from higher education student surveys. Using 2008 Your First College Year (YFCY) survey data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program at the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, two scales are built and tested—one measuring social involvement and one measuring academic involvement. Findings indicate that although both CTT and IRT can be used to obtain the same information about the extent to which scale items tap into the latent trait being measured, the two measurement theories provide very different pictures of scale precision. On the whole, IRT provides much richer information about measurement precision as well as a clearer roadmap for scale improvement. The findings support the use of IRT for scale construction and survey development in higher education.