cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organ formation in Drosophila: Specification and morphogenesis of the salivary gland

The Drosophila salivary gland has emerged as an outstanding model system for the process of organ formation. Many of the component steps, from initial regional specification through cell specialization and morphogenesis, are known and many of the genes required for these different processes have been identified. The salivary gland is a relatively simple organ; the entire gland comprises of only two major cell types, which derive from a single contiguous primordium. Salivary cells cease dividing once they are specified, and organ growth is achieved simply by an increase in size of individual cells, thus eliminating concerns about the potential unequal distribution of determinants during mitosis. Drosophila salivary glands form by the same cellular mechanisms as organs in higher organisms, including regulated cell shape changes, cell intercalation and directed cell migration. Thus, learning how these events are coordinated for tissue morphogenesis in an organism for which the genetic and molecular tools are unsurpassed should provide excellent paradigms for dissecting related processes in the more intricate organs of more complicated species. BioEssays 23:901–911, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE)

A broad spectrum of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides has evolved in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in southern California. High resistance to sulprofos and methyl parathion, ranging from 20- to 54-fold, was detected in three field populations. The resistance is related to exposure to chemicals used for control of cotton pests. Moderate levels of resistance (3- to 7-fold) were observed to fenthion, malathion, and parathion in the strain from Imperial Valley, California. In addition, two strains showed relatively high levels of resistance to permethrin (12- to 29-fold). Resistance to DDT (6.5- to 9.7-fold) was present in all three strains.
Hippocampal neuron responses to selective activation of recurrent collaterals of hippocampofugal axons

Abstract The fornix is a mixed tract containing both hippocampal afferent and efferent fibers. Afferent fibers were destroyed by surgical transection of both fornix and hippocampal commissure in adult anesthetized cats 3 to 10 weeks prior to acute experiments in which both hippocampal surface and intracellular responses to antidromic activation of hippocampal efferents were studied. The spontaneous discharges of units in these preparations were identical to those in intact preparations. Single shocks to the deafferented fornix gave intracellularly recorded inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, and trains of stimuli gave sustained hyperpolarizing shifts. Rebound excitation sometimes occurred immediately following the IPSP's. When repetitive trains of stimuli lasting several seconds were delivered to the deafferented fornix, post-tetanic potentiation of subsequent evoked responses occurred over the next 10 to 12 sec. These findings are discussed in relation to anatomical data in the literature.
Millennial Students' Mental Models of Search: Implications for Academic Librarians and Database Developers

Today's students exhibit generational differences in the way they search for information. Observations of first-year students revealed a proclivity for simple keyword or phrases searches with frequent misspellings and incorrect logic. Although no students had strong mental models of search mechanisms, those with stronger models did construct more complex searches.
Shear mode energy harvesting of piezoelectric sandwich beam

Piezoelectric materials due to their high electromechanical coupling properties are good candidates for energy harvesting applications by transforming mechanical energy to electrical power. The piezoelectric coupling coefficient of each material is dependent on its operating mode and higher coupling coefficient means higher efficiency in energy harvesting. In most of the piezoelectric materials, the d15 piezoelectric strain coefficient is the highest coefficient compared to the d33 and d31 coefficients. However complicated fabrication and evaluation of energy harvesting devices operating in the shear mode has slow down the research in this area. The shear piezoelectric effect can be induced during the steady state response of a thick cantilever composite beam due to the effect of shear force through the thickness. Here, a model based on the Timoshenko beam theory is developed to estimate the electric power output in a cantilever beam with a piezoelectric core subjected to the base excitation. The governing electromechanical equations as well as the output voltage and power frequency responses are derived for the piezoelectric sandwich beam. This model is applicable to different geometries and piezoelectric compositions in order to design an optimal shear energy harvester. At the end, the performance of this type of shear energy harvesters is compared to the typical cantilever bimorph energy harvesting beams with the same piezoelectric volume.
Cyclic Voltammetry of Tris(1,10-phenanthroline) and [Bis(2,2′-bipyridine)1,8-naphthyridine] Ruthenium(II) within a Nafion Polymer-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry has been used to characterize the incorporation of three ruthenium complexes, tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), tris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II), and bis(2,2′-bipyridine)1,8-naphthyridine-ruthenium(II) into a Nation polymer-modified glassy carbon electrode. The hydrophobicity and unflexible structure of the 1,10-phenanthroline and 1,8-naphthyridine ligands result in lower levels of incorporation into the Nation film as compared with tris-2,2′-bipyridine. Substantially longer times, on the order of an hour, are required to achieve a film loading that results in a measurable redox signal for the 1,10-phenanthroline and 1,8-naphihyridine complexes.
Utilizing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to improve language function in stroke patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown to significantly improve language function in patients with non-fluent aphasia1. In this experiment, we demonstrate the administration of low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) to an optimal stimulation site in the right hemisphere in patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia. A battery of standardized language measures is administered in order to assess baseline performance. Patients are subsequently randomized to either receive real rTMS or initial sham stimulation. Patients in the real stimulation undergo a site-finding phase, comprised of a series of six rTMS sessions administered over five days; stimulation is delivered to a different site in the right frontal lobe during each of these sessions. Each site-finding session consists of 600 pulses of 1 Hz rTMS, preceded and followed by a picture-naming task. By comparing the degree of transient change in naming ability elicited by stimulation of candidate sites, we are able to locate the area of optimal response for each individual patient. We then administer rTMS to this site during the treatment phase. During treatment, patients undergo a total of ten days of stimulation over the span of two weeks; each session is comprised of 20 min of 1 Hz rTMS delivered at 90% resting motor threshold. Stimulation is paired with an fMRI-naming task on the first and last days of treatment. After the treatment phase is complete, the language battery obtained at baseline is repeated two and six months following stimulation in order to identify rTMS-induced changes in performance. The fMRI-naming task is also repeated two and six months following treatment. Patients who are randomized to the sham arm of the study undergo sham site-finding, sham treatment, fMRI-naming studies, and repeat language testing two months after completing sham treatment. Sham patients then cross over into the real stimulation arm, completing real site-finding, real treatment, fMRI, and two- and six-month post-stimulation language testing.
An alternative view of the Caulobacter crescentus division cycle pattern with application to cell differentiation and cell-cycle-specific synthesis

The complex division cycle of Caulobacter crescentus is the consequence of the history of pole development. The newly formed poles are not complete at division and require an additional sequence of synthesis to produce the ultimate stalked pole. The observed cell-cycle-specific protein synthesis and the apparent differentiation of newborn cells are related to the completion of pole synthesis, not to cell-cycle-dependent events. From this viewpoint, the division cycle of Caulobacter crescentus is similar to that of symmetrical, rodshaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
Established and novel agents for myelodysplastic syndromes

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are the most commonly diagnosed myeloid malignancy, with >15 000 new cases identified in the United States yearly. Prognostic scoring systems supplant a formal staging approach and, in general, divide patients into those with lower-risk and those with higher-risk MDS. Although treatment goals for patients with lower-risk disease focus on minimizing transfusions and optimizing quality of life, in higher-risk MDS, the goal is to delay transformation to acute leukemia and to prolong survival. In lower-risk patients, isolated cytopenias are treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or growth factors such as thrombopoietin mimetics. For patients with the del(5q) cytogenetic abnormality or those who fail these initial approaches, lenalidomide may be tried, as can experimental agents. Lower-risk patients with multiple cytopenias may be treated with immunosuppressive drugs or low-dose hypomethylating agents. For patients with higher-risk disease, hypomethylating agents are the preferred initial treatment approach, with evaluation for hematopoietic cell transplantation at diagnosis. Several novel agents are being developed for MDS patients who have failed hypomethylating drugs.
Molecular epidemiology of Serratia marcescens outbreaks in two neonatal intensive care units.

Objective:Serratia marcescens can cause serious infections in patients in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), including sepsis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and conjunctivitis. We report the utility of genetic fingerprinting to identify, investigate, and control two distinct outbreaks of S. marcescens.Design:An epidemiologic investigation was performed to control two clusters of S. marcescens infections and to determine possible routes of transmission. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis determined the relatedness of S. marcescens strains recovered from neonates, the environment, and the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs).Setting:Two geographically distinct level III-IV NICUs (NICU A and NICU B) in two university-affiliated teaching hospitals in New York City.Results:In NICU A, one major clone, “F,” was detected among isolates recovered from four neonates and the hands of one HCW. A second predominant clone, “A,” was recovered from four sink drains and one rectal surveillance culture from an asymptomatic neonate. In NICU B, four neonates were infected with clone “D,” and three sink drains harbored clone “H.” The attributable mortality rate from bloodstream infections was 60% (3 of 5 infants). The antimicrobial susceptibilities of clone F strains varied for amikacin, cefepime, and piperacillin/tazobactam.Conclusions:S. marcescens causes significant morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Cross-transmission via transient hand carriage of a HCW appeared to be the probable route of transmission in NICU A. Sinks did not harbor the outbreak strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns did not prove to be an accurate predictor of strain relatedness for S. marcescens.
Geometry and duality of a non-Abelian coset model

We compute the metrics of the and , characterize their geometry and explore the “duality” k1=k2 of the target space. In particular limits of the ratio k1/k2 the latter coset becomes where k is either k1 or k2. This analysis is a starting point for investigating some properties of three-dimensional stringy gravity.
bandits, beggars, and ghosts: the failure of state control over religious interpretation in Taiwan

Throughout the last century, local temples in Taiwan propitiated socially marginal ghosts in the Pudu (Universal Salvation Festival). The traditional state manipulated the ghost cult in an attempt to enhance its control; the current state is making similar, but less systematic efforts. These efforts largely failed, however, because of the nature of popular interpretation. Popular interpretations of the ceremony experienced several transformations within a basic symbolic framework that defined ghosts as socially marginal beings: ghosts were dangerous outsiders in the commercializing frontier of the 1880s, but they have become the powerless old with the changing family structure of modern Taiwan. Official and elite attempts at ideological control were unsuccessful because the state had no institution that could challenge the symbolic definition of ghostly marginality, or that could channel people's flexible reinterpretations of ghosts. [ideology, interpretation, ritual, Taiwan]
Cells that express luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta-subunit messenger ribonucleic acids during the estrous cycle: the major contributors contain LH beta, FSH beta, and/or growth hormone

There is a 2-fold increase in the percentage of gonadotropes bearing LH beta or FSH beta mRNAs or antigens as the cells approach proestrus. The purpose of this study was to identify the source of these cells with dual labeling techniques. The first hypothesis was that they stemmed from small monohormonal gonadotropes (containing only LH or FSH) that were driven to transcribe and translate the other gonadotropin. Alternatively, they may stem from other pituitary cell types. We detected the LH beta or FSH beta mRNAs by in situ hybridization (biotinylated oligonucleotide probes were detected by peroxidase-labeled avidin). Second, immunolabeling protocols localized the pituitary hormones. The percentages of cells with LH beta antigens and FSH beta mRNA increased to 81% of the LH beta antigen-bearing cells by the time of peak expression of FSH beta mRNA. Similarly, FSH beta antigen-bearing cells increased their expression of LH beta mRNA to 40% of such cells by the morning of proestrus. During the peak period of expression (the evening of proestrus), LH antigen-bearing cells had increased their expression of LH beta mRNA to 93%. Furthermore, 81% of the same cells expressed FSH beta mRNA. Thus, at least 80% of cells with LH antigens became bihormonal as the cells approached proestrus. This partially supports the first hypothesis for the origin of the new gonadotropes. However, the dual labeling studies also showed that 47% or 60% of cells with GH antigens expressed LH beta or FSH beta mRNAs, respectively, during peak expression (14% of pituitary cells contained gonadotropin mRNAs and GH antigens). Expression by cells with other antigens was low or absent (< 5% of pituitary cells). Perhaps a subset of somatotropes expresses gonadotropin mRNAs. Alternatively, the labeling could signify the presence of GH bound to GH receptors in gonadotropes. In either case, it appears that GH cells may be somehow linked to gonadotrope function as the cells approach proestrus.
GERMAN POST-DARWINIAN BIOLOGY REASSESSED

It is hard to imagine two more engaging and thoroughly researched works on German science than the two here under review. This is especially rewarding because in the period covered—the second half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth—it is often the physical sciences that command the attention of historians. This was the time when Helmholtz was at the peak of his profession and Einstein was emerging onto the scene. Richards and Nyhart are among those historians of science who are reexamining assumptions about the sciences of life in Germany from the beginning of the nineteenth century on. In particular, as scholars of Germany they refuse to concede to any other country or individual (including Darwin) the undisputed center of attention where biological science and even the subject of evolution are concerned. Both works are much more than straightforward narrative histories. Nyhart and Richards have each taken on difficult historiographical challenges in the course of presenting the results of their research. Nyhart’s study is social/cultural history at its best. She wants to show how the construction of a modern vision of nature was affected by the emergence of modern society. In particular, she wants to show how the anxieties that accompanied increased urbanization, industrialization, and urban poverty gave rise to reforms that took place not only in the political and social realms, but also in the very conception of nature. In affinity with the desire for political and social unity there arose a new biological perspective in which the watchword for understanding nature was community. This was not a conception in which the fate of the individual, fending for himself in a blind struggle of all against all, took
Cancer Mortality through 2005 among a Pooled Cohort of U.S. Nuclear Workers Exposed to External Ionizing Radiation

Nuclear workers worldwide have been studied for decades to estimate associations between their exposure to ionizing radiation and cancer. The low-level exposure of these workers requires pooling of large cohorts studied over many years to obtain risk estimates with appropriate latency and good precision. We assembled a pooled cohort of 119,195 U.S. nuclear workers at four Department of Energy nuclear weapons facilities (Hanford site, Idaho National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Savannah River site) and at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. The cohort was followed at the start of the workers beginning their radiation work (at earliest, between 1944 and 1952) through 2005, and we compared its mortality to that of the U.S. population. We also conducted regression-modeling analysis to evaluate dose-response associations for external radiation exposure and outcomes: all cancers, smoking- and nonsmoking-related cancers, all lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers, leukemia (excluding chronic lymphocytic...
De profundis: Spiritual transformations in Alcoholics Anonymous

The mechanism of change in Alcoholics Anonymous is described as "spiritual transformation." A.A. acknowledges that such transformation can occur gradually; however, nearly all of the examples presented in the Big Book of A.A. involve discrete and sudden experiences that resemble the phenomenon of quantum change. The sequence offered describes how spiritual transformations transpire. The sequence begins with hitting bottom, recognition of inability to control the problem. A feeling of contrition follows, describing not only sorrow for the present state, but also desire for a new way. The final step is the act of surrendering one's will to a higher power. The de profundis sequence sets the process of spiritual transformation in motion, offering stabilization to sobriety.
Cost-effective manufacture of an allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting breast tumor vaccine in an academic cGMP facility

Background GM-CSF-secreting, allogeneic cell-based cancer vaccines have shown promise for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. We have now applied this approach to breast cancer. The aim of these studies was to optimize expansion parameters, qualify the manufacturing process, and establish expected outcomes for cGMP-compliant manufacturing of two GM-CSF-secreting breast tumor cell lines. Methods The variables affecting the efficiency of expanding and formulating two allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting cell lines, 2T47D-Vand 3SKBR3-7, were systematically evaluated. Production criteria investigated included alternative cell culture vessels (flasks vs. cell factories), centrifugation time and speed variables for large volume cell concentration, cell seeding density, the minimal concentration ofFBS required for maximal cell expansion, and the dose and timing of irradiation in relation to cryopreservation. Results These studies demonstrate that, in comparison with standard 150-cm tissue culture flasks, Nunc 10-Stack Cell Factories are a more efficient and practical cell culture vessel for vaccine cell line manufacture. Centrifugation optimization studies using the COBF ® 2991™ Cell Processor established that a speed of 2000 r.p.m. (450g) for 2min reliably concentrated the cells while maintaining acceptable viability and bioactivity. Radiation studies established that lethal irradiation prior to cryopreservation does not compromise the quality of the product, as measured by post-thaw cell viability and GM-CSF cell line-specific secretion levels. Finally, studies aimed at optimizing the production of one vaccine cell line, 3SKBR3-7, demonstrated that seeding the cells at a higher density and maintaining them in half the initial concentration of FBS maximized the yield of bioactive cells, resulting in significant cost savings. Discussion A manufacturing process that simultaneously maximizes cell yield, minimizes cell manipulation and maintains vaccine cell potency is critical for producing cell-based cancer vaccines in an academic setting. These studies define a feasible, reproducible and cost-effective methodology for production of a GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccine that is cGMP compliant.
Differentiating Pollen from Four Species of Gossypium

Cotton (Gossypium, Malvaceae) has been spun, woven and dyed since prehistoric times. Four cotton species are economically important; these are Gossypium arboreum (tree cotton), G. barbadense (American pima cotton), G. herbaceum (levant cotton) and G. hirsutum (American upland cotton). Previous research has been conducted examining the pollen grains of the Malvaceae and there is a key that differentiates the four economically important species of Gossypium by their pollen grains. However, the cotton pollen found in boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and other insect pests cannot be keyed to the species using the published key. The objective of this research was to determine if the pollen grains of these four species could be differentiated and develop a key that works for cotton pollen found in insect pests. Flowers of the four taxa were collected from USDA greenhouses and fields and dried. Both unacetolysed and acetolysed pollen grains were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The ...
Dynamic behavior of a porous char particle burning in an oxygen‐containing environment: Part II: Transient analysis of a shrinking particle

The diffusion and reaction model developed in a previous paper is extended allowing for shrinkage of the char particles. It is shown that possible shrinkage, arising from disintegration of the solid structure at a certain conversion level, modifies severely the extinction behavior of the reacting particles. Specifically, the region of ambient temperature and particle radius in which the predictions of the nonisothermal and of the isothermal versions of the model differ significantly becomes smaller. However, the particle shrinkage does not affect the ignition phenomena observed since a particle usually ignites at low conversion levels where the radius change is still negligible.
PSPICE modeling of Silicon Carbide MOSFETS and device parameter extraction

The goal of this research is to develop device models for Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. Parameters are extracted and used to create PSPICE models that can be utilized for circuit simulation. Two silicon carbide power MOSFETs made available by CREE Semiconductor are considered. The first silicon carbide power MOSFET tested is the CMF20120A64410. This MOSFET features a 1200V drain-to-source breakdown voltage and 30A continuous current capacity. The second device tested is an experimental MOSFET that is still not available in the market as of the date of this paper. The experimental MOSFET features a 1200V drain-to-source breakdown voltage and 80A continuous current capability. Custom made circuits are developed for extracting some of the parameters. In some cases where the tests only require low drain current, a HP B1505A curve tracer is used to aid the development of the model. The effect of temperature over the gate threshold voltage is also investigated. By externally increasing and monitoring the die temperature of the SiC MOSFETs, new device parameters can be extracted and modeled. Once the parameters are extracted they are converted into a PSPICE model. The model is tested and compared to the real device to verify accuracy. This is achieved using custom switching circuits with both inductive and resistive loads and software suites like MATLAB.
Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases and reactive oxygen species in the inotropic action of ouabain on cardiac myocytes. A potential role for mitochondrial K(ATP) channels.

Binding of ouabain to Na+/K+-ATPase activated multiple signal transduction pathways including stimulation of Src, Ras, p42/44 MAPKs and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat cardiac myocytes Inhibition of either Src or Ras ablated ouabain-induced increase in both [Ca2+]i and contractility. While PD98059 abolished the effects of ouabain on [Ca2+]i, it only caused a partial inhibition of ouabain-induced increases in contractility. On the other hand, pre-incubation of myocytes with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reduced the effects of ouabain on contractility, but not [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) blocked ouabain-induced ROS production and partially inhibited ouabain-induced increases in contractility in cardiac myocytes. Pre-incubation of myocytes with both 5-HD and PD98059 completely blocked ouabain’s effect on contractility. Finally, we found that opening of mitochondrial KATP channel by diazoxide increased intracellular ROS and significantly raised contractility in cardiac myocytes. These new findings indicate that ouabain regulates cardiac contractility via both [Ca2+]i and ROS. While activation of MAPKs leads to increases in [Ca2+]i, opening of mitochondrial KATP channel relays the ouabain signal to increased ROS production in cardiac myocytes. (Mol Cell Biochem 242: 181–187, 2003)
WY14,643, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, improves hepatic and muscle steatosis and reverses insulin resistance in lipoatrophic A-ZIP/F-1 mice

WY14,643 is a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) agonist with strong hypolipidemic effects. Here we have examined the effect of WY14,643 in the A-ZIP/F-1 mouse, a model of severe lipoatrophic diabetes. With 1 week of treatment, all doses of WY14,643 that were tested normalized serum triglyceride and fatty acid levels. Glucose and insulin levels also improved but only with high doses and longer treatment duration. WY14,643 reduced liver and muscle triglyceride content and increased levels of mRNA encoding fatty acid oxidation enzymes. In liver, the elevated lipogenic mRNA profile (including PPARgamma) in A-ZIP/F-1 mice remained unchanged. These results suggest that WY14,643 acts by increasing beta-oxidation rather by than decreasing lipogenesis or lipid uptake. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies indicated that WY14,643 treatment improved liver more than muscle insulin sensitivity and that hepatic mRNA levels of gluconeogenic enzymes were reduced. Combination treatment with both WY14,643 and a PPARgamma ligand, rosiglitazone, did not lower glucose levels more effectively than did treatment with WY14,643 alone. These data support the hypothesis that reducing intracellular triglycerides in non-adipose tissues improves insulin sensitivity and suggest that further investigation of the role of PPARalpha agonists in the treatment of lipoatrophic diabetes is warranted.
History: The use of the kalman filter for human motion tracking in virtual reality

In 1960 Rudolph E. Kalman published his now famous article describing a recursive solution to the discrete-data linear filtering problem (Kalman, “A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems,” Transactions of the ASME---Journal of Basic Engineering, 82 (D), 35--45, 1960). Since that time, due in large part to advances in digital computing, the Kalman filter has been the subject of extensive research and applications, particularly in the area of autonomous or assisted navigation. The purpose of this paper is to acknowledge the approaching 50th anniversary of the Kalman filter with a look back at the use of the filter for human motion tracking in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). In recent years there has been an explosion in the use of the Kalman filter in VR/AR. In fact, at technical conferences related to VR these days, it would be unusual to see a paper on tracking that did not use some form of a Kalman filter, or draw comparisons to those that do. As such, rather than attempt a comprehensive survey of all uses of the Kalman filter to date, what follows focuses primarily on the early discovery and subsequent period of evolution of the Kalman filter in VR, along with a few examples of modern commercial systems that use the Kalman filter. This paper begins with a very brief introduction to the Kalman filter, a brief look at the origins of VR, a little about tracking in VR---in particular the work and conditions that gave rise to the use of the filter, and then the evolution of the use of the filter in VR.
Treatment of Refractory Babesia microti Infection with Atovaquone-Proguanil in an HIV-Infected Patient: Case Report

A patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome presented with babesiosis 6 months after presumed tick exposure. Despite initial treatment with azithromycin and atovaquone, followed by quinine and clindamycin, he experienced an increasing parasite load. Finally, red blood cell exchange transfusion, anti-Babesia therapy, and the addition of atovaquone-proguanil to the treatment regimen led to symptomatic improvement and elimination of parasitemia. Low-level parasitemia recurred 20 weeks later and was eradicated by administration of atovaquone-proguanil monotherapy. Atovaquone-proguanil appears to have activity against babesiosis and should be studied as a potential therapy for patients with refractory babesiosis.
Breast Surgery in 2015: Advances in Recent Years.

Welcome to the October 2015 issue of the Annals of Surgical Oncology, dedicated to the annual meeting of the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS). The 16th annual meeting was held at Grande Lakes Orlando, FL, April 29 to May 3, 2015. The society and its annual meeting continue to grow year to year, and once again it was a highly successful meeting, with over 1400 attendees. New at the meeting this year was the first American Society of Breast Surgeons/Arnold P. Gold Foundation Humanism and Medicine Award, which was awarded to Brian Czerniecki, MD, PhD. Dr. Czerniecki is RhodesHarrington Professor of Surgical Oncology at the University of Pennsylvania and the codirector of the Rena Rowan Breast Center. His research interests focus on dendritic cell biology and interactions with T cells. He has developed dendritic cell vaccines for the treatment of cancer and is involved with several clinical trials for treating patients with early breast cancer with dendritic cell vaccines. In this issue we include the provoking presidential address from Dr. Hiram Cody from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and also the keynote lecture delivered by Dr. Monica Morrow on rethinking the local therapy of breast cancer—integration of biology and anatomy. In addition, we include invited articles from selected sessions from the annual meeting, as well as scientific publications from the oral session, quick-shots session, and poster session. The meeting, as always, provided up-to-date information on the current recommendations for management of patients with benign breast disease and with breast malignancies. It also provided us with the opportunity to look back at the changes and the advances in the surgical management of breast disease over the last 10 years. In addition to the usual best papers of the past year, Dr. Helen Pass provided an overview of the most practice changing publications over the last 10 years. This gave us all opportunity to reflect on how far our field has advanced in such a short amount of time. For this year’s editorial, we have chosen to highlight five key areas of breast surgery where significant changes or advances have been made in the last 10 years.
Evaluations of the effective material properties of carbon nanotube-based composites using a nanoscale representative volume element

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extremely high stiffness, strength and resilience, and may provide the ultimate reinforcing materials for the development of nanocomposites. In this paper, the effective mechanical properties of CNT-based composites are evaluated using a 3-D nanoscale representative volume element (RVE) based on continuum mechanics and using the finite element method (FEM). Formulas to extract the effective material constants from solutions for the RVE under three loading cases are derived based on the elasticity theory. An extended rule of mixtures, based on the strength of materials theory for estimating the effective Young’s modulus in the axial direction of the RVE, is applied for comparisons with the numerical solutions based on the elasticity theory. Numerical examples using the FEM are presented, which demonstrate that the load carrying capacities of the CNTs in a matrix are significant. With additions of the CNTs in a matrix at volume fractions of only about 2% and 5%, the stiffness of the composite can increase as many as 0.7 and 9.7 times for the short and long CNT cases, respectively. These simulation results are consistent with the experimental ones reported in the literature.
Triplane fractures of the distal tibia in children

Purpose. To review 28 cases of paediatric triplane fractures of the distal tibia over a 7-year period in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Methods. Records of 21 boys and 7 girls aged 11 to 15 (mean, 13) years presented with triplane fractures of the left (n=14) and right (n=14) ankles were retrospectively reviewed. Results. Injury mechanism included low-energy trauma (n=10) and moderate-energy trauma (n=18). Fractures were 2-part in 20 patients, 3-part in 6, and 4-part in 2. 11 patients had concomitant fibular fractures. Articular displacement was <2 mm in 17 patients and ≥2 mm in 11 patients. 17 patients were treated conservatively (cast immobilisation); 11 were treated surgically by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (n=1), open reduction and percutaneous pinning (n=5), closed reduction and internal fixation (n=3), or open reduction and internal fixation (n=2). Transepiphyseal partially threaded cannulated screws were used for fixation. The mean period of casting was 5.8 weeks, and the mean non– weight bearing period was 6.1 weeks. The mean follow-up period was 14.2 (range, 9–20) weeks. All patients had excellent outcome. No patient had any infections, delayed or non-union. Six patients had decreased range of motion and 4 had pain 4 weeks after cast removal. Conclusion. Treatment outcome of triplane fractures of the distal tibia in children is good when guidelines are closely adhered to.
Poesía de convergencias: mitología cosmogónica en "Movimiento" de Octavio Paz

El siguiente escrito analiza el poema "Movimiento", de Octavio Paz, publicado en el libro Salamandra (1962). Este libro observa aun huellas del acercamiento a la tradicion surrealista que caracteriza la poesia de Paz en los anos cincuenta. En "Movimiento", el pensamiento oriental muestra afinidades mitologicas con el pensamiento mesoamericano y revela, mediante nociones cosmogonicas similares, el lugar central de la mitologia. Como se vera, este poema presenta innovaciones ritmicas y especiales que se combinan para convocar un ritmo dual.
Evaluating Recreational Potential of Small Streams

The purpose herein was to find a way to evaluate the recreational potential of small streams and their watersheds in the Central United States. Research was limited to streams with drainage areas of less than 100 sq miles and located within 25 miles of a city. An evaluation methodology was developed and applied in detail to two streams (Boone and Jessamine Creeks) near Lexington, Kentucky. Evaluations were made of the streams' potential for camping, fishing, picnicking, a trail system, esthetic enjoyment, and the establishment of natural, scenic and historic areas. Conclusions reached were (1) recreational values or their measures can be identified, inventoried and used to evaluate a watershed's potential for non-utilitarian uses; (2) the methodology yields reasonably accurate evaluations for recreational activities appropriate for small watersheds; and (3) the case studies reveal that many small suburban stream areas may possess medium to high potential for camping, fishing, picnicking, trail system development and some forms of esthetic enjoyment.
Controlling a model for bone marrow dynamics in cancer chemotherapy.

This paper analyzes a mathematical model for the growth of bone marrow cells under cell-cycle-speci c cancer chemotherapy originally proposed by Fister and Panetta [8]. The model is formulated as an optimal control problem with control representing the drug dosage (respectively its eff ect) and objective of Bolza type depending on the control linearly, a so-called $L^1$-objective. We apply the Maximum Principle, followed by high-order necessary conditions for optimality of singular arcs and give sufficient conditions for optimality based on the method of characteristics. Singular controls are eliminated as candidates for optimality, and easily veri able conditions for strong local optimality of bang-bang controls are formulated in the form of transversality conditions at switching surfaces. Numerical simulations are given.
Response of Bone Marrow in AKH and RFI Mice to Nucleic Acid.

SummaryBy comparison of the response of the bone marrow to the injection of nucleic acid and its split products a difference has been demonstrated between two strains of mice, Akh and Rfi, the former of which carries lymphoid leukemia and the latter myeloid leukemia.
An analytical model for the power consumption of Dual-Mode EEE

An analytical model is developed for the recently proposed Dual-Mode Energy Efficient Ethernet – an extension to EEE with two modes of low-power operation. The model can be used for predicting energy savings for different loads and other traffic parameters. The results from the analytical model closely match the results obtained by simulation for synthetic and real traffic.
Analysis of Occupational Hazards Monitoring Results of A Metallurgical Chemical Plant in Hechi City during 2005-2009

[Objective]To explore the characteristics and change of occupational hazards in a metallurgical chemical plant,so as to develop appropriate countermeasures.[Methods]The monitoring data of a metallurgical chemical plant in Hechi City for 5 years since implementation of energy-saving and emission-reduction were collected for statistical analysis.[Results]During 2005-2007,the qualified rate of occupational hazards in this plant showed increasing tendency,but decreased in 2008 and rebounded in 2009.The average qualified rate of occupational hazards during 2005-2009 was 70.92%,among which the qualified rate of dust was lowest(44.81%),followed by thermal radiation(52.78%).[Conclusion]Enterprises should increase investment in occupational health and reduce the concentration(intensity) of occupational hazards,when expanding production scale.Occupational disease supervisory organs should enhance the law enforcement of occupational health,and protect health benefits of workers.
Gender, Party, and Presentation of Family in the Social Media Profiles of 10 State Legislatures:

Recent research has identified neither consistent gendered stereotypes about legislators among constituents, nor a link between legislators’ gender and their electoral success, nor consistent gende...
Preventive services: immunization and chemoprevention.

Upon completion of this article, participants will be able to: employ clinical practice guidelines; integrate evidence-based medicine into clinical practice; become familiar with new therapeutic regimens; and counsel patients on preventive health and wellness.
Dynamic Water-Quality Simulation for Contaminant Intrusion Events in Distribution Systems

AbstractThe design of contamination warning systems and the performance of forensic tools are dependent on the performance of the event detection algorithms (EDA). However, most current EDA evaluation approaches do not account for the actual changes of common water-quality parameters in response to a contaminant. Thus, the objective of the current study was to develop water-quality models to represent the dynamics of chlorine, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and conductivity in response to two contaminants [potassium cyanide (KCN) and nicotine] using experimental data. For chlorine-contaminant dynamics, a two-species second-order model was used to represent the reactions between chlorine and the background dissolved organic carbon as well as the contaminant. To simulate the change in pH, an equilibrium model was used to account for various water-quality species and was coupled with the dynamic chlorine model. As for electrical conductivity (EC), a step response, which is a linear relationship to the amou...
Sporotrichosis arthritis and tenosynovitis. Report of a case cured by synovectomy and amphotericin B.

A case of extracutaneous sporotrichosis causing arthritis of a metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand, and tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi ulnaris has been reported. Iodide therapy, as is frequently the case, was not successful and the toxicity of amphotericin B precluded the administration of a curative dose. However, the combination of synovectomy and amphotericin-B therapy was effective, with no evidence of residual infection three years after the completion of treatment.
Gain adaptation and sensor guidance of diffusion PDEs using on-line approximation of optimal feedback kernels

This paper considers the multi-level approximation of controllers for partial differential equations. First, assuming that the full state is available, an optimal controller based on a finite horizon Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) design is computed. Assuming that the feedback operator admits a time varying feedback kernel, the first level approximation provides a means to replace the requirement of full state knowledge by the knowledge of the state at the single spatial location that best approximates the kernel by a delta function. This then replaces the full state feedback by a static output feedback that is simultaneously approximating the full state controller and is providing the optimal sensor location. The second level approximation produces the static gain that is needed to multiply the state evaluated at the approximating spatial sensor location. Since the feedback gain is time varying, this two-level approximation is applied at each time instant thus rendering the sensor mobile and the static gain adaptive. Algorithms for PDEs in one and two spatial dimensions are provided along with numerical studies that compare the full-state optimal controllers with the suboptimal static output feedback controllers with mobile sensor.
Radar Cross Section of subsurface objects under tapered wave illumination

In this paper we investigate the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of subsurface objects under tapered electromagnetic wave illumination. A layered soil model is incorporated into full-wave simulation. The tapered wave is approximated by superposition of a set of plane waves whose magnitude and polarization are carefully chosen to form an incident beam with finite spatial width. The proposed strategy of modeling incident waves and subsurface objects has potential applications in landmine detection systems with directional transmitters (TX) and receivers (RX). Specifically, the radiation patterns of TX/RX can be synthesized with this method. Metallic objects with cylindrical shape have been used as typical landmine model to extract their RCS features.
Bodies that are always out of line: A closer look at “age appropriate sexuality”

Moral panics draw a line in the sand: between threatening and non- threatening, normal and abnormal, acceptable and unacceptable. Stanley Cohen, credited with coining the term “moral panic” in 1972, argued that a moral panic occurs when “[a] condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests” (9). We see a compelling question within Cohen’s passive articulation (that is, emergence) of how moral panics develop. Moving away from a passive definition of panic to an active one, what can be understood about the psychological and cultural mechanisms that shape individuals and the moral panics that surround them?
Correlation of cutaneous disease activity with type 1 interferon gene signature and interferon β in dermatomyositis.

SummaryBackground Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting skin and muscle. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between clinical skin disease activity as measured by the validated Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI) and type 1 interferon pathway biomarkers in the blood of DM patients. Methods Forty-two patients with DM and 25 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled. CDASI scores were obtained, and serum and blood RNA were isolated from all participants. Associations between CDASI activity and type 1 interferon-inducible gene signature were assessed cross-sectionally in all patient samples and longitudinally on 13 paired visits via transcriptional profiling analyses. Results By RNAseq analysis, type 1 interferon-inducible genes were the most highly differentially regulated. A CDASI activity threshold of 12 was correlated with an elevated type 1 interferon gene signature and with serum interferon beta (IFNβ), but not with interferon alpha (IFNα) protein. Expression analysis showed that all patients with mild disease activity had a low type 1 interferon gene signature, while 93% of patients with moderate to high disease activity had elevated gene signature. In longitudinal analysis, changes in CDASI activity showed non-significant trends with concordant directional changes in gene signature. Conclusions A type 1 interferon pathway signature biomarker in blood is highly correlated with CDASI activity scores in DM, and may be a promising surrogate clinical trial endpoint. The correlation of serum IFNβ, but not IFNα, with both a gene signature and CDASI suggests that IFNβ drives disease activity in DM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Homomorphisms of Projective Remoteness Planes

A characterization of a class of homomorphisms of projective remoteness planes in terms of their coordinate rings is given. A remoteness preserving homomorphism of projective remoteness planes is factored into three homomorphisms of known types. Two of these are constructed from groups associated with the planes and the homomorphism that ψ induces on the coordinate rings of the planes. The third is a covering of planes coordinatized by the same ring. This generalizes known results for projective planes, projective ring planes, and Moufang–Veldkamp planes.