cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining the Content for Items: Validity

Determining the content for test items can be a perplexing experience. The item writer may search through textbooks or encyclopedias for grist to put into his or her item-writing mill, only to find that the result is an item whose content is trivial, pedantic, or arcane. Further, the item writer must not only find subject matter that is above the inconsequential, but in order to write items that tap complex cognitive processes, he or she must also judge the level of mental processing required of examinees to respond to a particular item. It is important to appreciate this point because determining appropriate content for items requires a complex view of items as measures not just of subject content but of psychological processes as well.
Minimum time heating cycles for diffusion- versus permeability-controlled binder removal from ceramic green bodies

A comparison of minimum time heating cycles (MTHCs) was conducted for binder removal from ceramic green bodies for two mass transfer mechanisms: diffusion and gas permeability. The MTHCs were determined by combining approximate analytic solutions to the governing reaction-diffusion and reaction-gas permeability equations with a variational calculus algorithm containing a constraint on pressure buildup within the green body. Both the temperature-time profile and duration of the MTHCs were sensitive to the operative transport process as well as to a number of model parameters including the pressure constraint, the total furnace pressure, the reaction kinetics, the gas permeability, and the diffusivity as described by the free volume theory. Strategies were identified which are most effective for decreasing the cycle time for each mass transfer mechanism.
The Democracy Problem

Through a critical reading of Wilson’s 1887 essay, I present an argument that public administration is best understood as a political project to resolve the problem of popular sovereignty. The impl...
Effects of the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard: Willingness To Pay for Labels that Communicate the Presence or Absence of Genetic Modification

After much debate, the United States recently adopted a law that will require mandatory labeling of genetically modified (GM) food. We elicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for manufactured and fresh foods that communicate the presence or absence of GM material. We find that a text disclosing the presence of GM material lowers WTP relative to a QR code disclosure that must be scanned. Furthermore, participants perceive Non-GMO Project verified and organic as substitutes; WTP premiums for a product with both Non-GMO Project verified and organic labels is about the same as the WTP premium when either label is present in isolation.
Estimation of Precipitation over the OLYMPEX Domain during Winter 2015/16

AbstractTo provide ground validation data for satellite precipitation products derived from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, such as IMERG, in cold seasons and where orographic factors exert strong controls on precipitation, the Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEX) was conducted during winter 2015/16. By utilizing multiple observational resources from OLYMPEX, estimates of daily and finer-scale precipitation are constructed at 1/32° spatial resolution over the OLYMPEX domain. The estimates are based on NOAA WSR-88D and gauge estimates as incorporated in NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Q3GC product, augmented with an additional 120 gauges available during OLYMPEX. Few stations are located in the interior of the Olympic Peninsula at elevations higher than about 500 m, and in this part of the domain the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model is used to invert the snow water equivalent (SWE) estimates, derived from two NASA JPL Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) ...
Connecting the Internet of Things to the eo community and the geospatially enabled web using OGC standards

IoT, EO and the Web are providing ever increasing amounts of geospatial information. In order to access and integrate the data using geospatial and temporal methods, standards are needed. This paper provides a summary of current capabilities and recent advancements in standards from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) that provide these capabilities.
Non-model-based algorithm portfolios for SAT

When tackling a computationally challenging combinatorial problem, one often observes that some solution approaches work well on some instances, while other approaches work better on other instances. This observation has given rise to the idea of building algorithm portfolios [5]. Leyton-Brown et al. [1], for instance, proposed to select one of the algorithms in the portfolio based on some features of the instance to be solved. This approach has been blessed with tremendous success in the past. Especially in SAT, the SATzilla portfolios [7] have performed extremely well in past SAT Competitions [6].
Association of Out-of-Pocket Annual Health Expenditures With Financial Hardship in Low-Income Adults With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

Importance Health insurance is effective in preventing financial hardship from unexpected major health care events. However, it is also essential to assess whether vulnerable patients, particularly those from low-income families, are adequately protected from longitudinal health care costs for common chronic conditions such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Objective To examine the annual burden of total out-of-pocket health expenses among low-income families that included a member with ASCVD. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from January 2006 through December 2015, all families with 1 or more members with ASCVD were identified. Families were classified as low income if they had an income under 200% of the federal poverty limit. Analyses began December 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Total annual inflation-adjusted out-of-pocket expenses, inclusive of insurance premiums, for all patients with ASCVD. We compared these expenses against annual family incomes. Out-of-pocket expenses of more than 20% and more than 40% of family income defined high and catastrophic financial burden, respectively. Results We identified 22 521 adults with ASCVD, represented in 20 600 families in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. They correspond to an annual estimated 23 million or 9.9% of US adults with a mean (SE) age of 65 (0.2) years and included 10.9 million women (47.1%). They were represented in 21 million or 15% of US families. Of these, 8.2 million families (39%) were low income. The mean annual family income was $57 143 (95% CI, $55 377-$58 909), and the mean out-of-pocket expense was $4415 (95% CI, $3735-$3976). While financial burden from health expenses decreased throughout the study, even in 2014 and 2015, low-income families had 3-fold higher odds than mid/high–income families of high financial burden (21.4% vs 7.6%; OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.55-4.31) and 9-fold higher odds of catastrophic financial burden (9.8% vs 1.2%; OR, 9.35; 95% CI, 5.39-16.20), representing nearly 2 million low-income families nationally. Further, even among the insured, 1.6 million low-income families (21.8%) experienced high financial burden and 721 000 low-income families (9.8%) experienced catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenses in 2014 and 2015. Conclusions and Relevance One in 4 low-income families with a member with ASCVD, including those with insurance coverage, experience a high financial burden, and 1 in 10 experience a catastrophic financial burden due to cumulative out-of-pocket health care expenses. To alleviate economic disparities, policy interventions must extend focus to improving not only access, but also quality of coverage, particularly for low-income families.
The Kingdom of Denmark — A Demographic Example

The three premises of classical stable theory of population (closure to migration, time independent age-specific birth and death rates), if staunchly upheld, would eliminate virtually every existing biological population as a subject for its use. One must concede, for example, that human population is exposed to migration, and that birth rates and death rates are not constant over time. In this light, one may erroneously conclude that stable theory, even in its classical sense, serves little or no purpose. This is far from true. It must be remembered that stable theory serves as a model for study of a given population, and not as an impeccable image of it. Viewed in this manner, the concepts and formulations of stable theory do have much to offer, both as a mathematical entity as well as an applicable tool to be used in population study.
Underwater Implosion Mechanics: Experimental and Computational Overview

An implodable volume can be defined as a structural body which is acted upon by external pressure and internally contains gas at a lower pressure than the surrounding fluid. An underwater implosion occurs when the body suffers a sudden loss of structural stability and hydrostatic pressure drives the body to collapse inwardly upon itself. The result of the collapse is a rapid decrease in local pressure as the water expands to fill the void, and then a shock wave as the in-rushing water suddenly stops and is compressed. The physics of an implosion event is shown to be similar to the collapse of cavitation and underwater explosion bubbles. The pressure history resulting from an implosion event consists of several primary characteristics, namely an initial pressure drop in the surrounding fluid during the initial collapse, corresponding to the inward rush of the surrounding fluid, followed by a subsequent positive pressure spike and decay as the body collapses upon itself and the water motion is arrested. It is observed that the magnitude of both the pressure drop and subsequent peak pressures are dependent upon the hydrostatic collapse pressure. Additionally, the ductility of implodable volume material is shown to have an effect on the amount of energy released during the collapse with brittle implodables releasing larger amounts of energy into the surrounding fluid than ductile volumes. Finally, implodable volumes which are coated with energy absorbing materials display decreased energy in the implosion pulses.
Relevant Clinical Trials

A wealth of clinical research in TAVR, primarily via randomized clinical trials and large registries, informs clinical decision-making in TAVR. Paramount among these trials have been the PARTNER and Medtronic extreme and high-risk trials. Understanding these studies will provide a basic knowledge, context for future clinical research, and important information for counseling patients in TAVR therapy.
Frontal lobe dementia with novel tauopathy: Sporadic multiple system tauopathy with dementia

We present a novel tauopathy in a patient with a 10-yr history of progressive frontal lobe dementia and a negative family history. Autopsy revealed mild atrophy of frontal and parietal lobes and severe atrophy of the temporal lobes. There were occasional filamentous tau-positive inclusions, but more interesting were numerous distinctive globular neuronal and glial tau-positive inclusions in both gray and white matter of the neocortex. Affected subcortical regions included substantia nigra, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and cerebellar dentate nucleus, in a distribution similar to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), but without significant accompanying neuronal loss or gliosis. Predominantly straight filaments were detected by electron microscopy (EM), while other inclusions were similar to fingerprint bodies. No twisted ribbons were detected. Immuno-EM studies revealed that only the filamentous inclusions were composed of tau. Immunoblotting of sarkosyl-insoluble tau revealed 2 major bands of 64 and 68 kDa. Blotting analysis after dephosphorylation revealed predominantly 4-repeat tau. Sequence analysis of tau revealed that there were no mutations in either exons 9-13 or the adjacent intronic sequences. The unique cortical tau pathology in this case of sporadic multiple system tauopathy with dementia adds a new pathologic profile to the spectrum of tauopathies.
Graphics for Exploratory Analysis and Data Discovery in the Life Sciences

Life Sciences data are complex. In the pharmaceutical industry, vast quantities of patient-level safety and efficacy data are collected, managed, analyzed, and reported in bringing new medicines to market. Clinical trial operations data, involving sites, investigators, milestones, and budgets are similarly complex, especially in larger companies and contract research organizations where many trials are managed simultaneously. Upstream of this, much biology and chemistry data are generated, screened, and modeled to characterize targets and identify new molecular entities. Downstream of research and development there are many large patient-level and provider-level databases analyzed by pharmaceutical companies, industry consortia and regulators to understand real world safety and efficacy of therapies, and by commercial organizations to optimize sales and marketing efforts. Similar large and complex insurance claims and medical records databases are analyzed by healthcare organizations to manage their business and provide efficient and effective healthcare.
Merleau-Ponty, Lived Body, and Place: Toward a Phenomenology of Human Situatedness

In this chapter, I draw on French phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of perception and corporeal sensibility to consider the significance of human situatedness as expressed via place and place experience. To illustrate how Merleau-Ponty’s conceptual understanding might be applied to real-world place experiences, I draw on two sources of experiential evidence, the first of which is a passage from Colombian writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s magical-realist novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967/1970). The second source is a set of first-person observations describing events and situations that I happened to take note of during weekday walks between my home and university office over the course of several months. My aim is to use these two narrative accounts as a means to illustrate, via vignettes of everyday human experience, Merleau-Ponty’s central concepts of perception, body-subject, and lived embodiment. I contend that these accounts substantiate Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological claims and point to additional significant elements of human situatedness and place experience.
Prevalence of metastasis and survival of 788 patients with T1 rectal carcinoid tumors.

Background and Aims Prevalence of rectal carcinoids is increasing, partly because of increased colorectal cancer screening. Local excision (endoscopic or transanal excision) is usually performed for small ( Methods The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database was used to identify 788 patients with rectal T1 carcinoids Results A total of 727 patients (92.3%) had tumors ≤10 mm in diameter and 61 (7.7%) had tumors 11 to 19 mm. Overall, 12 patients (1.5%) had metastasis at the time of diagnosis with prevalence of 1.1% in lesions ≤10 mm and 6.6% in lesions 11 to 19 mm (P = .01). Survival of patients with T1 rectal carcinoids without metastasis was significantly better than those with metastasis (5-year CSS of 100% vs 78%, P Conclusions Larger T1 rectal carcinoid tumors (11-19 mm) have significantly higher risk of lymph node metastases compared with those ≤10 mm. Survival is worse with metastatic disease. Local therapy is adequate for T1N0M0 rectal carcinoids ≤10 mm in size with excellent long-term outcomes.
My First Time Hurt: Using Preschool PTSD Treatment to Address PTSD Symptoms in a Young Girl With a History of Pediatric Cancer:

This case study followed a 4-year-old Caucasian female in cancer remission who presented with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the age of this young girl and the health diffi...
Inhibition of Ephrin-B2 in brain pericytes decreases cerebral pathological neovascularization in diabetic rats

We have previously shown that diabetes causes dysfunctional cerebral neovascularization that increases the risk for cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and cognitive impairment. Pericytes (PCs) play a pivotal role in the angiogenic process through their interaction with the endothelial cells (EC). Yet, the role of PCs in dysfunctional cerebral neovascularization in diabetes is unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the increased proangiogenic Ephrin-B2 signaling in PCs contributes to the dysfunctional cerebral neovascularization in diabetes. Type-II diabetes was induced by a combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin injection in male Wistar rats. Selective in vivo Ephrin-B2 silencing in brain PCs was achieved using the stereotactic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) with NG2-promoter that expresses Ephrin-B2 shRNA. Neovascularization was assessed using vascular fluorescent dye stain. Novel object recognition (NOR) test was used to determine cognitive functions. Human brain microvascular pericytes HBMVPCs were grown in high glucose 25 mM and palmitate 200 uM (HG/Pal) to mimic diabetic conditions. Scratch migration and tube formation assays were conducted to evaluate PC/EC interaction and angiogenic functions in PC/EC co-culture. Diabetes increased the expression of Ephrin-B2 in the cerebrovasculature and pericytes. Concomitant increases in cerebral neovascularization parameters including vascular density, tortuosity and branching density in diabetic rats were accompanied by deterioration of cognitive function. Inhibition of Ephrin-B2 expression in PCs significantly restored cerebral vascularization and improved cognitive functions. HG/Pal increased PC/EC angiogenic properties in co-culture. Silencing Ephrin-B2 in PCs significantly reduced PC migration and PC/EC co-culture angiogenic properties. This study emphasizes the significant contribution of PCs to the pathological neovascularization in diabetes. Our findings introduce Ephrin-B2 signaling as a promising therapeutic target to improve cerebrovascular integrity in diabetes.
Biochemie und Krankheit

Aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammen unsere ersten Kenntnisse zur Anatomie des menschlichen Korpers, ohne das davon die medizinische Praxis wesentlich beeinflust wurde. Der Arzt verordnete Medikamente und Kuren, die haufig auf Aberglauben oder empirischen Erfahrungen beruhten. Zwar befinden sich unter den Arzneien eine Reihe von wirksamen Heilmitteln, die Mehrzahl war aber bar jeder pharmakologischen Aktivitat. In den folgenden Jahrhunderten nahmen die Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Chemie und Physik zu, Probleme der biologischen Funktionen wurden jedoch nur selten untersucht. Erst zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts nahm die Physiologie ihren grosen Aufschwung, in Deutschland mit Muller, in Frankreich mit Magendie, Bernard und Pasteur. Nachdem sich die wissenschaftliche Methodik bei der Untersuchung lebender Systeme bewahrt hatte, erkannte man, das sich damit ein auserordentlich fruchtbarer Wissenzweig eroffnete, der die Grundlagen zum Verstandnis der Funktionen des lebenden Korpers und seiner Krankheiten legte.
Visual Place Recognition via Robust ℓ2-Norm Distance Based Holism and Landmark Integration

Visual place recognition is essential for large-scale simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Long-term robot operations across different time of the days, months, and seasons introduce new challenges from significant environment appearance variations. In this paper, we propose a novel method to learn a location representation that can integrate the semantic landmarks of a place with its holistic representation. To promote the robustness of our new model against the drastic appearance variations due to long-term visual changes, we formulate our objective to use non-squared l2-norm distances, which leads to a difficult optimization problem that minimizes the ratio of the l2,1-norms of matrices. To solve our objective, we derive a new efficient iterative algorithm, whose convergence is rigorously guaranteed by theory. In addition, because our solution is strictly orthogonal, the learned location representations can have better place recognition capabilities. We evaluate the proposed method using two large-scale benchmark data sets, the CMU-VL and Nordland data sets. Experimental results have validated the effectiveness of our new method in long-term visual place recognition applications.
Impact of a cefepime shortage on dosing regimens and outcomes in hospitalized adults with febrile neutropenia

BackgroundDrug shortages may negatively impact outcomes in hospitalized patients. A cefepime dosing regimen of 1 gram every 6 hours (1 g q6h) has shown to provide similar exposures above target min...
Dopant Depth Distribution Effects on the Gain Profile of Avalanche Photodiodes Fabricated by Zn Diffusion

We show that areas of high edge gain in avalanche photodiodes are associated with locally enhanced diffusion depth by employing a novel method using scanning electron microscopy of selectively etched Zn diffused structures.
Just keep swimming: setting the stage for disrupting the sports coaching épistémè

Despite attempts to decrease mental illness in the United States, mental illness and death by suicide are still prevalent in the sports community. The most significant barrier to athletes seeking h...
INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AFRICA: AN OVERVIEW

Africa is arguably the richest continent in terms of minerals and natural resources. Prior research has also shown that Africa has an abundance of entrepreneurs who possess the ability to identify business opportunities and exploit them. However, the continent's entrepreneurial performance has been weak. Our goal in this paper is modest and is simply aimed at identifying and synthesizing the available evidence on economic and institutional factors affecting entrepreneurship in Africa. This paper also reviews various mechanisms by which foreign businesses are exploiting Africa for resources and market and examines Western response to the low level of entrepreneurial activities in Africa. Finally, this paper provides case studies of some successful entrepreneurial activities in the continent. The cases indicate that successful businesses do not necessarily need to depend on natural resources.
Determinants influencing recruitment in the Houston toad programmatic safe harbor agreement

The importance of private lands conservation (PLC) for endangered species continues to grow as habitat is increasingly lost or fragmented. In Texas, nearly 98% of all property is privately owned, r...
A Systematic Review of the Use of St. John's Wort for Smoking Cessation in Adults.

St. John’s wort (SJW) has been researched and clinically used for treating various psychiatric disorders, including depression. Few clinical trials have studied its use in smoking cessation. This systematic review provides comprehensive evidence of the studies conducted to date. Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of SJW for smoking cessation in adults. The trials included the use of SJW alone, or along with nicotine replacement therapy, chromium, or behavioral therapies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to report this systematic review. Overall, four RCTs met the eligibility criteria, and the risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Cochrane criteria. Abstinence, along with other physical symptoms, were measured as outcomes at the end of the follow-up period. Studies reported variable abstinence rates and a decrease in cravings at the end of 12-14 weeks. However, there was minimal to no difference reported between the intervention and placebo groups in all of the clinical trials. One of the studies reported minimal physical side effects. Overall, SJW was well tolerated. Quality analysis of the included studies showed low concerns in two studies while the other two studies showed high concerns in the risk of bias judgment. More clinical trials with larger sample sizes should be conducted in the future to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of SJW for smoking cessation.
1 Inequalities in a Variational Problem

Publisher Summary The frequent occurrence of optimization problems with bounded state and control variables has revived the interest in the old subject of inequalities in the calculus of variations. This chapter discusses the inequalities in the problem of Lagrange, illustrated by two examples.
Field Losses for Mechanically Harvested Green Peas

ABSTRACT Pod stripper combines have become the predominant method of harvesting green peas for processing in the Mid-Atlantic region. A two-year investigation consisting of seventy-one field tests was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these combines for pea harvesting in a wide range of field conditions. Trash content in the harvested product ranged from 4 to 33.7% by weight with an overall average of 15.2%. Total field loss for all tests conducted ranged from 24 to 1408 kg/ha (21 to 1239 lbs/acre) and averaged 555 kg/ha (488 lbs/acre) over the two-year test period. This corresponded to a range of loss from 0.5 to 34% of the pea yield with an average loss of 10.4%. The majority of field losses for the seven varieties and four combine models evaluated was at the head of the combine averaging 70.3% of the total field loss. The variety ‘Quantum’ exhibited significantly higher total field loss than did other varieties tested. There were no significant differences at the 5% level in total loss or head...
The Response of Textured Yarn Properties to Process Variables in Relation to Barré : Part I: Experimental Design and Dyeing Responses for Conventional False-Twist Pin-Textured Polyester Yarns

The dyeing behavior of conventional false-twist pin-textured polyester yarns has been studied as a function of the texturing variables. Three different dyes and three different dyeing procedures were employed. The data obtained are discussed in relation to existing quality-control procedures for textured yarns and the role of feed-yarn non-uniformity in barre problems.
The whore paradox : "rational" condom use decisions among prostitutes in the context of stigma and patriarchal bargaining.

iv REVIEW OF TOPICAL LITERATURE 1 Sexually Transmitted Infections 2 Protective Behavior 3 Prostitution 6 REVIEW OF APPLICABLE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS 13 Coleman’s Rational Choice Theory 13 Theories of Deviance 17 Feminist Theory 23 METHODS 28 Sampling 28 Data Collection 31 Data Analysis 39 FINDINGS 41 Rational Choices 42 Stigma and Secondary Deviance 58
Path planning using optically computed potential fields

An algorithm for the optical computation of potential field maps suitable for mobile robot navigation is described, and experimentally produced maps and paths are presented. The parallel analog optical computation uses a two-dimensional spatial light modulator on which an image of the potential field map is generated. Optically calculated fields contain no local minima, tend to produce paths centered in gaps between obstacles, and produce paths which give preference to wide gaps. Calculation of 128*128 pixel fields at a few hertz is possible with current technology, and calculation time vs. map size scales favorably in comparison to digital electronic computation. >
Effect of Poliovirus on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in HeLa Cells

Ackermann, W. W. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor), D. C. Cox, H. Kurtz, C. D. Powers, and S. J. Davies. Effect of poliovirus on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in HeLa cells. J. Bacteriol. 91:1943–1952. 1966.—Both poliovirus and arginine stimulated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in cultures of HeLa cells which were preconditioned by incubation in a medium deficient in arginine. However, the number of cells producing DNA was unaffected. DNA synthesis in such preconditioned cells was 10 to 20% of the maximal value obtained with a full complement of amino acids. Inhibition of DNA synthesis was produced in these cultures either by increasing the multiplicity of exposure above 40 plaque-forming units of virus per cell or by increasing the concentration of the deficient amino acid at the time of virus addition. Inhibition of DNA synthesis resulted from a reduction in the fraction of cells producing DNA. The concentration of arginine required for viral inhibition of DNA synthesis is greater than that for viral multiplication.
Directions for Effectiveness Research to Improve Health Services for Late-Life Depression in the United States

Considerable progress has been made in the treatment of late-life depression over the past 20 years, yet considerable gaps in care remain. Gaps in care are particularly pronounced for older men, certain racial and ethnic minority groups, and those with comorbid medical or mental disorders. We reviewed the peer-reviewed literature and conducted interviews with experts in late-life depression to identify promising directions for effectiveness research to address these gaps in care. We searched the PubMed, PsychInfo, and CINHAL databases between January 1, 1998, through August 31, 2013, using terms related to late-life depression and any of the following: epidemiology, services organization, economics of care, underserved groups including health disparities, impact on caregivers, and interventions. The results of this selective review supplemented by more current recommendations from national experts highlight three priority research areas to improve health services for late-life depression: focusing on the unique needs of the patient through patient-centered care and culturally sensitive care, involving caregivers outside the traditional clinical care team, and involving alternate settings of care. We build on these results to offer five recommendations for future effectiveness research that hold considerable potential to advance intervention and health services development for late-life depression.
Plasma growth hormone concentration after a single intramuscular injection of human growth hormone.

Extract: We have investigated the concentration levels of growth hormone in plasma from six growth hormone-deficient patients who received human growth hormone (HGH) by intramusclar injection. The does varied 25 to 60 μg/kg body weight (38–92 mIU/kg body weight). An attempt also was made following intramuscular injection in two patients to amount of hormone excreted in the urine. Growth hormone was detected in plasma 15 min after HGH was administred and reached peak levels (65-154 ng/ml [mean 107.2±16.4 ng/ml SEM]) in the 2- or 4-h samples. In three patients, the concentraation of growth hormone had fallen to basal levels at 12 h; in all patients, 24 h after administration of HGH the lavels of growth hormone were essentially undetectable. No growth hormone was detected in any urine samples. The concentration of growth hormone in plasma observed after a single intramuscular injection differed markedly from the reported normal diurnal pattern. Speculation: These studies suggest that the continued presence of growth hormone in plasma is necessary for the promotion of growth in hypotuitary patients. Intermittent administration of growth hormone at weekly, biweekly or triweekly intervals may be associated with effects on the intracelluar protein synthetic mechanisms that persit the time of disappearance of growth hormone from the circulation.
Schatten Class Hankel Operators on the Harmonic Bergman Space of the Unit Ball

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for Hankel operators Hf on the harmonic Bergman space of the unit ball to be in the Schatten p-class for 2 ≤ p < ∞. A special case when symbol f is a harmonic function is also considered.
Niosomes as candidate bioconjugates for imaging and pH-sensitive drug delivery nanocarriers for rare pediatric tumors

Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles similar to liposomes in structure and function. Novel pH-sensitive niosomes have been reported to enter efficiently and rapidly into hepatoblastoma cells and deliver their cargo. The different surface functionalization of surfactant molecules allowed us to obtain niosomes able to enter efficiently into several tumor cells. This “targeting” property was obtained without the use of large molecules (e.g., antibodies), but only through chemical modifications of surface head groups. Hopefully, the further incorporation of contrast agents or other reported dyes into the niosomes’ inner compartment or conjugated to surfactant molecules may produce novel bioconjugates for imaging applications and powerful multifunctional nanocarriers for drug delivery into rare pediatric tumors.
Specificity of the BRISC Deubiquitinating Enzyme Is Not Due to Selective Binding to Lys63-linked Polyubiquitin

BRISC (Brcc36-containing isopeptidase complex) is a four-subunit deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme that has a catalytic subunit, called Brcc36, that is a member of the JAMM/MPN+ family of zinc metalloproteases. A notable feature of BRISC is its high specificity for cleaving Lys63-linked polyubiquitin. Here, we show that BRISC selectivity is not due to preferential binding to Lys63-linked polyubiquitin but is instead dictated by how the substrate isopeptide linkage is oriented within the enzyme active site. BRISC possesses a high affinity binding site for the ubiquitin hydrophobic surface patch that accounts for the bulk of the affinity between enzyme and substrate. Although BRISC can interact with either subunit of a diubiquitin conjugate, substrate cleavage occurs only when BRISC is bound to the hydrophobic patch of the distal (i.e. the “S1”) ubiquitin at a ubiquitin-ubiquitin cleavage site. The importance of the Lys63-linked proximal (S1′) ubiquitin was underscored by our finding that BRISC could not cleave the isopeptide bond joining a ubiquitin to a non-ubiquitin substrate. Finally, we also show that Abro1, another BRISC subunit, binds directly to Brcc36 and that the Brcc36-Abro1 heterodimer includes a minimal complex with Lys63-specific DUB activity.
Spatial-temporal segmentation scheme for object-oriented video coding based on wavelet and MMRF

In this paper, we introduce an object segmentation algorithm that can be used in object oriented video coding, computer vision, target tracking or video sequence analysis. The algorithm is based on two kinds of information from a video sequence: the color segmentation which provides the spatial domain information and the motion estimation which provides the temporal information. The DWT based MRF segmentation algorithm, which can avoid oversegmentation problems, is used for color segmentation. The quadtree motion estimation algorithm which employs the color segmentation results and DWT coefficients is used for motion segmentation. Finally, an object extracting procedure will be used to combine the spatial-temporal information and extract an object out.
Photonic gene circuits by optically addressable siRNA-Au nanoantennas.

The precise perturbation of gene circuits and the direct observation of signaling pathways in living cells are essential for both fundamental biology and translational medicine. Current optogenetic technology offers a new paradigm of optical control for cells; however, this technology relies on permanent genomic modifications with light-responsive genes, thus limiting dynamic reconfiguration of gene circuits. Here, we report precise control of perturbation and reconfiguration of gene circuits in living cells by optically addressable siRNA-Au nanoantennas. The siRNA-Au nanoantennas fulfill dual functions as selectively addressable optical receivers and biomolecular emitters of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Using siRNA-Au nanoantennas as optical inputs to existing circuit connections, photonic gene circuits are constructed in living cells. We show that photonic gene circuits are modular, enabling subcircuits to be combined on-demand. Photonic gene circuits open new avenues for engineering functional gene c...
Reoperation versus observation in men with major bleeding after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives To compare the postoperative and quality-of-life outcomes for men experiencing major bleeding after radical retropubic prostatectomy that was managed with reoperation or observation. Methods A total of 916 men underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy by a single surgeon between October 2000 and August 2004. Of the 916 men, 15 (1.6%) experienced major bleeding, defined as the transfusion of 3 U or more of allogeneic blood within the first 36 hours after radical prostatectomy. The outcomes were compared between the 5 men undergoing reoperation (group 1) and the 10 men whose bleeding was managed with observation (group 2). Results The mean total number of allogeneic blood units transfused was significantly greater in group 1 (7.4 U) than in group 2 (4.1 U; P = 0.002). Group 1 also experienced a significantly longer hospital stay (4.6 versus 2.6 days). Those men undergoing reoperation had a significantly lower probability of moderate to severe extravasation on initial cystogram compared with group 2 (0% versus 70%). In addition, the urinary catheter was indwelling for a shorter interval (9.6 versus 23.5 days). We also found a suggestion of better continence in group 1. Conclusions Reoperation for major bleeding after radical retropubic prostatectomy facilitates both healing of the vesicourethral anastomosis and removal of the urinary catheter.
Ulysses probes solar wind, interstellar gas

The ESA-NASA Ulysses mission will furnish high-latitude observations which may deepen current understanding of the outward flow of gases from the magnetically open regions of the sun. Also furnished will be a clearer view of the processes in the Galaxy that create cosmic rays, and how cosmic rays enter the solar system. The Ulysses mission has already achieved important new results during its travel in the ecliptic plane; the density and temperature of the interstellar neutral He flowing into the solar system has been directly measured.
Mr.Web: an automated interactive webmaster

This paper describes a system, Mr.Web, designed to interact with users over email to create and update Web pages. Our goal is that users interact with Mr.Web as if it were a human Webmaster. We collected 325 examples of people writing email requests to a Webmaster, and used this to generate the semantics of Mr.Web's email parser. The results of the survey indicate that the limited context of a Webmaster gives us a reasonable subset of the natural language processing (NLP) problem. This paper explains the system design, user study results, and plans for future work.
Epitaxial lead chalcogenide films: Orientation on substrates with the fluoride structure

Epitaxial films of the lead chalcogenides on (111)-oriented CaF2, SrF2 and BaF2 substrates are azimuthally rotated by (2n − 1)π3 relative to the substrate, e.g. (111)∥(111) but [101]∥[101]. It is shown that a model based on nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions between the film and its substrate (over a sequence of five atomic (111) layers) leads to an interface structure that accounts for the experimentally observed orientation.
Defective neuromuscular synaptogenesis in mice expressing constitutively active ErbB2 in skeletal muscle fibers.

We overexpressed a constitutively active form of the neuregulin receptor ErbB2 (CAErbB2) in skeletal muscle fibers in vivo and in vitro by tetracycline-inducible expression. Surprisingly, CAErbB2 expression during embryonic development was lethal and impaired synaptogenesis yielding a phenotype with loss of synaptic contacts, extensive axonal sprouting, and diffuse distribution of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) transcripts, reminiscent of agrin-deficient mice. CAErbB2 expression in cultured myotubes inhibited the formation and maintenance of agrin-induced AChR clusters, suggesting a muscle- and not a nerve-origin for the defect in CAErbB2-expressing mice. Levels of tyrosine phosphorylated MuSK, the signaling component of the agrin receptor, were similar, while tyrosine phosphorylation of AChRβ subunits was dramatically reduced in CAErbB2-expressing embryos relative to controls. Thus, a gain-of-function manipulation of ErbB2 signaling pathways renders an agrin-deficient-like phenotype that uncouples MuSK and AChR tyrosine phosphorylation.
Continued exploration of the wetting phase diagram.

Measurements are presented of the state of wetting of a binary liquid mixture on heavily silylated glass, which are believed to probe a new region of the wetting phase diagram. We find unusual temperature dependence and the first experimental evidence of a possible "partial drying" transition recently predicted by Ebner and Saam for the case of strong short-range substrate-liquid forces opposed by a weak long-range force.
High-pressure phase transition and equation of state of lead to 238 GPa

Abstract Synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements above 100 GPa indicate that Pb at 300 K undergoes a high-pressure phase transition from h.c.p. to b.c.c. structure. The density difference between the two phases is very small (∼0.3%), and thus the metastable two-phase region is large, from 74 to 180 GPa. The isothermal equation of state of Pb is measured to 238 GPa. The observation of the phase transition is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Recent shock-wave studies and theoretical studies predict lower pressures at high compressions than are indicated by the present measurements.
Orbital fractures: a review.

This review of orbital fractures has three goals: 1) to understand the clinically relevant orbital anatomy with regard to periorbital trauma and orbital fractures, 2) to explain how to assess and examine a patient after periorbital trauma, and 3) to understand the medical and surgical management of orbital fractures. The article aims to summarize the evaluation and management of commonly encountered orbital fractures from the ophthalmologic perspective and to provide an overview for all practicing ophthalmologists and ophthalmologists in training.
Results of in utero atrial septoplasty in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objectives Neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact or highly restrictive atrial septum have a high rate of mortality. We sought to assess the effect of prenatal intervention intended to create atrial septal defects in fetuses with this diagnosis. Methods We reviewed the medical records and imaging of all fetuses undergoing intervention for atrial septal defect creation in the setting of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum. The procedures were performed with a percutaneous cardiac puncture under the guidance of ultrasonography. For the 21 interventions, patient and procedural characteristics were analyzed to identify predictors of neonatal outcome. Results Of 21 procedures attempted between 24 and 34 weeks’ gestation, 19 were technically successful. Fetal demise occurred in two cases. The size of the created defect varied and measured at least 3 mm in six fetuses. Among 19 neonates, a larger atrial septal defect was associated with higher oxygen saturation and less need for intervention prior to surgical single-ventricle palliation. Conclusions Technically successful atrial septal defect creation in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum results in atrial septal defects of varying size; defects of at least 3 mm in diameter appear to confer postnatal benefit. Copyright  2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding kth paths and p-centers by generating and searching good data structures

Abstract A succinct and easily searchable representation of the set of intervertex distances of a tree is given. Algorithms are presented for generating this representation, for searching it to select a kth longest path, and for searching it to locate a p-center. The complete algorithm for path selection is asymptotically optimal in the worst case, and the algorithms for p-center location improve on previous methods. The p-center results are extended to networks with independent cycles.
Physical studies on glycoproteins from ascitic fluid of ehrlich ascites tumor

Abstract Three glycoproteins, designated as F, M and S glycoproteins were identified in the HClO4-soluble fraction of ascitic fluid of Ehrlich ascites tumor by 8% polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. They were separated and purified as described previously (Reznick, A.Z. and Winzler, R.J. (1973) Fed. Proc. 32, 368 and Reznick, A.Z., Allen, H.J. and Winzler, R.J. (1973) Anal. Biochem. 52, 395–401) and subjected to physical characterization. Several physical properties such as molecular weights, sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, partial specific volumes, Stoke's radii and frictional ratios were determined. The physical parameters of F and S glycoproteins resemble data that have been reported for orosomucoid and haptoglobin-like glycoproteins, respectively. Properties of M glycoprotein could not be associated with a known glycoprotei.
Hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphorylase levels in hereditarily obese-hyperglycemic mice☆

Abstract The skeletal muscle and kidney hexokinase activities of the obesehyperglycemic mice and their nonobese controls were of the same magnitude. The liver glucose-6-phosphatase activities per gram of liver were similar in the obese-hyperglycemic mice and their controls. The total liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly greater in the obesehyperglycemic mice than in their nonobese siblings. The diabetes of these obese mice thus differs biochemically from alloxan diabetes in which there are decreased hexokinase and increased glucose-6-phosphatase activities. The liver phosphorylase activity per unit weight of liver in the obesehyperglycemic mice was significantly greater (P
Optimal Selection of Pumps in an Hydraulic Network

The selection of pumps in an hydraulic network (such as those found in plant firewater systems or hydraulic control systems) is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear program. The design objective is to minimize the total relative pump first cost. The piping network is assumed to exist and hence is not modified during the optimization process. A method is given for the transformation of the mixed integer nonlinear program into a mixed integer separable program. This formulation allows the use of efficient algorithms for the design of hydraulic networks. It also offers an alternative for the analysis of hydraulic networks. This technique may also be used for the analysis and design of general networks with nonlinear elements subject to convexity conditions. Two examples are given which consider an analysis problem and a design problem.
Single Spin Superconductivity

A spin-compensated half-metallic antiferromagnetic is shown to allow a new, type of superconductivity in which only one spin channel is superconducting. This $S\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$ triplet pairing state that arises from a unique type of normal state will differ markedly from conventional, heavy fermion, or high temperature superconductors. Characteristics of such a state are outlined, and guidelines for making promising candidates are presented.