cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transition of Care in Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Survey of Current Practices

Abstract Background Transition of care from pediatric to adult health care providers for youth with special needs (including cerebral palsy [CP]) is of current interest because these individuals are now living well into adulthood. Studies have attempted to identify barriers to transition, ideal timing for transition of care, and key elements for successful transition programs. These studies often encompass a wide range of diagnoses, and results cannot be fully applied to those with CP. Objective To identify and describe current transition-of-care (TOC) practices and beliefs among physician providers of adolescents with CP in multidisciplinary CP clinics. Design Descriptive survey. Setting Multidisciplinary CP clinics in the United States. Participants Physician leaders in the aforementioned CP clinics. Methods Respondents completed an electronic survey. Responses were deidentified and reported in aggregate by the use of descriptive statistics. Main Outcome Measure Electronic survey addressing 3 domains: demographics of clinics, current opinions/practices related to TOC processes, and perceived barriers to successful TOC. Results Fifteen surveys were sent with 11 returned (response rate=73%). TOC practices varied among clinics surveyed. Fifty-five percent of clinics had a structured transition program, but only one transitioned 100% of their patients to adult providers by 22 years of age. Only one clinic had an absolute upper age limit for seeing patients, and 36% of clinics accepted new patients older than 21 years. No respondent was "completely satisfied" with their transition process, and only one respondent was "moderately satisfied." The majority of respondents felt the ideal care setting for adults with CP was a comprehensive, multidisciplinary adult-focused clinic in an adult hospital/clinic with primarily adult providers. They noted the top 3 perceived barriers to successful TOC were limited adult providers willing to accept CP patients, concern about the level of care in the adult health care system, and lack of financial resources. Conclusion Current TOC practices vary considerably among multidisciplinary pediatric CP clinics and are not satisfactory to individual physician providers within these clinics. Respondents desired a multidisciplinary clinic in an adult care setting with adult providers; however, the top 3 perceived barriers involved the adult health care system, making it difficult for pediatric providers to develop effective TOC programs. Level of Evidence Not applicable.
Can Tomosynthesis Replace 2D Mammography as a Future Breast Screening Tool

Digital 2D mammography is the current standard of care for breast cancer screening. False positives and overdiagnosis have been cited as potential harms of screening mammography, and efforts to improve this technology have led to the development of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The literature thus far has shown screening with tomosynthesis to simultaneously decrease recall rates and increase cancer detection. This review evaluates the possibility for 2D plus tomosynthesis mammography to replace conventional 2D screening. It outlines the requirements of an effective screening modality, reviews early and recent literature on performance outcomes, including results by age and density, and highlights potential challenges.
Abductor Digiti Minimi Flap for Vascularized Coverage in the Surgical Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Following Carpal Tunnel Release.

BACKGROUND The development of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) represents a potentially devastating complication following carpal tunnel release. In the presence of a suspected incomplete release of the transverse carpal ligament or direct injury to the median nerve, neurolysis as well as nerve coverage to prevent recurrent scar has been shown to be effective. METHODS Retrospective chart review and telephone interview was conducted for patients who underwent abductor digiti minimi flap coverage and neurolysis of the median nerve for CRPS following carpal tunnel release. RESULTS Fourteen wrists in 12 patients were reviewed. Mean patient age was 64 years (range, 49-83 years), and the mean follow-up was 44 months. Carpal tunnel outcome instrument scores were 47.4 ± 6.8 preoperatively and 27.1 ± 10.6 at follow-up ( P < .001). Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores at follow-up were 29.4 ± 26. No significant postoperative complications were identified. CONCLUSIONS The abductor digiti minimi flap is a reliable option with minimal donor site morbidity. It provides predictable coverage when treating CRPS following carpal tunnel syndrome.
Inviscid/Boundary-Layer Aeroheating Approach for Integrated Vehicle Design

A typical entry vehicle design depends on the synthesis of many essential subsystems, including thermal protection system (TPS), structures, payload, avionics, and propulsion, among others. The ability to incorporate aerothermodynamic considerations and TPS design into the early design phase is crucial, as both are closely coupled to the vehicle's aerodynamics, shape and mass. In the preliminary design stage, reasonably accurate results with rapid turn-representative entry envelope was explored. Initial results suggest that for Mach numbers ranging from 9-20, a few inviscid solutions could reasonably sup- port surface heating predictions at Mach numbers variation of +/-2, altitudes variation of +/-10 to 20 kft, and angle-of-attack variation of +/- 5. Agreement with Navier-Stokes solutions was generally found to be within 10-15% for Mach number and altitude, and 20% for angle of attack. A smaller angle-of-attack increment than the 5 deg around times for parametric studies and quickly evolving configurations are necessary to steer design decisions. This investigation considers the use of an unstructured 3D inviscid code in conjunction with an integral boundary-layer method; the former providing the flow field solution and the latter the surface heating. Sensitivity studies for Mach number, angle of attack, and altitude, examine the feasibility of using this approach to populate a representative entry flight envelope based on a limited set of inviscid solutions. Each inviscid solution is used to generate surface heating over the nearby trajectory space. A subset of a considered in this study is recommended. Results of the angle-of-attack sensitivity studies show that smaller increments may be needed for better heating predictions. The approach is well suited for application to conceptual multidisciplinary design and analysis studies where transient aeroheating environments are critical for vehicle TPS and thermal design. Concurrent prediction of aeroheating environments, coupled with the use of unstructured methods, is considered enabling for TPS material selection and design in conceptual studies where vehicle mission, shape, and entry strategies evolve rapidly.
Recent Advances on Quantum-Dot-Enhanced Liquid-Crystal Displays

We review recent advances in quantum dot (QD)- enhanced liquid crystal displays (LCDs), including material formulation, device configuration, and system integration. For the LCD system, we first compare the color gamut difference between the commonly used Gaussian fitting method and that using real emission spectra. Next, we investigate the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect. Our simulation results indicate that QD-enhanced LCD appears 1.26X more efficient than organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display due to its wider color gamut. Finally, two new trends for QD-LCDs are discussed: 1) replacing conventional color filters with a QD array, and 2) emerging quantum rod (QR)-enhanced backlight. Their inherent advantages, technical challenges, and potential solutions are presented. We believe the prime time for QD-enhanced LCDs is around the corner.
Warmth-Competence Tradeoffs in Impression Management across Race and Social-Class Divides

The Great Recession widened social-class divides, so social interactions across gaps in workplace status and in race generally may be more salient and more fraught. Different statuses and races both carry stereotypes that targets know (meta-perceptions, how they expect to be viewed by the outgroup). In both cross-status and cross-race interactions, targets may aim to manage the impressions they create. Reviewing literature and our own recent work invokes (a) the role of the Stereotype Content Model's two dimensions of social perception, namely warmth and competence; (b) the compensation effect, a tendency to tradeoff between them, especially downplaying one to convey the other; and (c) diverging warmth and competence concerns of people with lower and higher status and racial-group positions. Higher-status people and Whites, both stereotyped as competent but cold, seek to warm up their image. Lower-status people and Blacks, both stereotyped as warm but incompetent, seek respect for their competence. Overviews of two previously separate research programs and the background literature converge on shared findings that higher-status people, comparing down, display a competence downshift, consistent with communicating apparent warmth. Meanwhile, lower-status people, comparing up, often display less warmth, to communicate competence. Previous research and our diverse samples—online workplace scenarios, online cross-race interactions, and presidential candidates’ speeches—suggest a novel, robust interpersonal mechanism that perpetuates race, status, and social-class divides.
Popular Literature as an Educational Aid for History of Anesthesia.

Abstract Introduction History of anesthesia can be learned through formal didactic lectures, discussions, tours, audiovisual media, general anesthesia textbooks, anesthesia history texts, and by popular literature. Methods We studied thirteen books that describe events and advances related to the discovery and development of modern anesthesia. Deliberately omitted were books that might be considered by some to be textbooks, because our aim was to explore the genre of popular literature. Results The books span the spectrum from introductory historical narratives to comprehensive summaries, biographies, and scholarly works. Conclusions These books provide a varied perspective on various aspects of the discovery of anesthesia, ranging from a quick read to scholarly work. If only one book were to be recommended for the novice, we suggest Julie Fenster's historical narrative, Ether Day .
A performance study of the time-varying cache behavior: a study on APEX, Mantevo, NAS, and PARSEC

Cache has long been used to minimize the latency of main memory accesses by storing frequently used data near the processor. Processor performance depends on the underlying cache performance. Therefore, significant research has been done to identify the most crucial metrics of cache performance. Although the majority of research focuses on measuring cache hit rates and data movement as the primary cache performance metrics, cache utilization is significantly important. We investigate the application’s locality using cache utilization metrics. Furthermore, we present cache utilization and traditional cache performance metrics as the program progresses providing detailed insights into the dynamic application behavior on parallel applications from four benchmark suites running on multiple cores. We explore cache utilization for APEX, Mantevo, NAS, and PARSEC, mostly scientific benchmark suites. Our results indicate that 40% of the data bytes in a cache line are accessed at least once before line eviction. Also, on average a byte is accessed two times before the cache line is evicted for these applications. Moreover, we present runtime cache utilization, as well as, conventional performance metrics that illustrate a holistic understanding of cache behavior. To facilitate this research, we build a memory simulator incorporated into the Structural Simulation Toolkit (Rodrigues et al. in SIGMETRICS Perform Eval Rev 38(4):37–42, 2011). Our results suggest that variable cache line size can result in better performance and can also conserve power.
Abstract 20603: Low Dose-High Frequency Psychomotor Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training in the Emergency Department Improves Simulated and Clinical Chest Compression Fraction

Background: High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for functional survival from cardiac arrest. However, the opportunity to perform CPR is too infrequent to maintain proficiency for most providers. Low dose-high frequency psychomotor simulation has demonstrated maintenance of CPR proficiency among inpatient providers. We evaluated this type of CPR training via mobile simulation stations (Resuscitation Quality Improvement™ [RQI], American Heart Association, Dallas, TX) in an emergency department (ED) setting. Methods: Two RQI simulation stations were placed in an 85,000 visit ED of a university teaching hospital and quarterly training simulations integrated into normal nursing duties. We measured simulated and clinically delivered CPR quality metrics before and 1 year following implementation using RQI and ED defibrillators equipped with thoracic impedance (Lifepak 20e, Physio-control Inc., Redmond, WA). Descriptive statistics are presented as means with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We enrolled 150 nurses in June 2015. When compared to baseline data, use of RQI for 1 year was associated with improved simulated chest compression fraction (CCF; 94.6 [86.0-100] vs. 99.1 [98.2-100]; p-value=0.039) and percentage of compressions with adequate recoil (98.2% [96.5-100] vs. 99.2% [99.0-99.4]; p=0.028) and depth (87.3% [74.4-100] vs. 96.7% [97.8-95.6]; p=0.004). In addition, analysis of 4513s of clinically delivered CPR before and 4781s after 1 year of RQI implementation demonstrated an association with improved CCF (71.9 [54.5-89.3] vs. 85.9 [81.1-90.7]; p=0.031). Conclusions: Low dose- high frequency psychomotor simulation is associated with achievement and retention of high-quality CPR skills in an ED setting. Furthermore, its use is associated with improved clinical CCF.
Adolescents' Reward-related Neural Activation: Links to Thoughts of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by an increase in risk behaviors, including nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Heightened reward-related brain activation and relatively limited recruitment of prefrontal regions contribute to the initiation of risky behaviors in adolescence. However, neural reward processing has not been examined among adolescents who are at risk for future engagement for NSSI specifically, but who have yet to actually engage in this behavior. In the current fMRI study (N = 71), we hypothesized that altered reward processing would be associated with adolescents' thoughts of NSSI. Results showed that NSSI youth exhibited heightened activation in the bilateral putamen in response to a monetary reward. This pattern of findings suggests that heightened neural sensitivity to reward is associated with thoughts of NSSI in early adolescence. Implications for prevention are discussed.
Workers, Families, and Immigration Policies

With hundreds of thousands of immigrant families forcibly separated over the last several years, and millions more living in fear of possible deportation, stakes are high as we enter discussions about immigration reform. At a time when public discourse more clearly recognizes the presence of women and children in the immigrant community, this chapter aims to shed light on how immigration policies andenforcement practices affect immigrants and their families.
Are perceptions of community safety associated with respiratory illness among a low-income, minority adult population?

Growing evidence suggests social disadvantage magnifies the harmful health effects of environmental hazards; however, there is limited research related to perceptions of risk among individuals who live near such environmental hazard sites. We explored the association between individual-level perception of community safety and respiratory illness among low-income, minority adults who live in a region with routine poor air quality exacerbated by the emissions of a nearby freight railyard. Interview-administered household surveys were collected (87% response rate; n = 965) in English/Spanish from varying distances surrounding a freight railyard (analytic total n = 792: nearest region n = 215, middle n = 289, farthest n = 288). Illness outcome was an affirmative response to doctor-diagnosed asthma, bronchial condition, emphysema, COPD, or prescribed-inhaler usage. Respiratory symptoms outcome was an affirmative response to chronic cough, chronic mucus, or wheezing. The independent variable was perceived community safety. Outcome prevalences were similar across environmental hazard regions; 205 (25.9%) were diagnosed-illness cases and 166 (21.0%) diagnosis-free participants reported symptoms. Nearly half (47.5%) of participants reported lack of perceived community safety, which was associated with environmental hazard region (p < 0.0001). In multivariable log-binomial regression models adjusting for covariables (age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, smoke exposure, residential duration, and distance from the railyard) respiratory illness diagnosis was associated with lack of perceived community safety (PR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.09, 1.76). Sensitivity analyses showed a non-significant but increasing trend in the strength of association between safety perceptions and illness diagnoses with closer proximity to the railyard. Our findings contribute to the literature that individuals’ perceptions of community safety are associated with adverse respiratory health among a population living in high air pollution exposure areas.
Does openness to experience matter in love and work? Domain, facet, and developmental evidence from a 24-year longitudinal study

OBJECTIVE: Although numerous studies have demonstrated that personality traits predict important love and work outcomes, there is mixed evidence for the relevance of Openness to Experience to love and work. We sought to better understand the long-term consequences of Openness in these two domains. METHOD: We examined the associations between Openness and 51 love and work outcomes using data from a 24-year longitudinal study of UC Berkeley students (N = 497) followed from the beginning of college into midlife. Using latent growth curve modeling, we examined whether Openness levels and change in Openness from college to midlife were associated with downstream love and work outcomes. Additionally, we tested whether three facets of Openness (intellectual interests, aesthetic interests, and unconventionality) had differential associations with outcomes. RESULTS: Although stable levels of Openness predicted few work or love outcomes, individual differences in Openness change were associated with delayed romantic commitment and some career outcomes. In addition, there were significant differences among facets of Openness: intellectual interests were highly associated with educational outcomes, whereas aesthetic interests and unconventionality predicted nontraditional career motivations. CONCLUSIONS: We situate these results in past research on real-world consequences of personality traits and discuss implications for theory and future research.
Break-glass Encryption

“Break-glass” is a term used in IT healthcare systems to denote an emergency access to private information without having the credentials to do so.
Efficacy of insecticides for season-long control of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in winter strawberries in Florida

Abstract Flower thrips (primarily Frankliniella spp.) can be significant strawberry pests, and recently in Florida, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood has become an established, early-season, foliar pest. Insecticides that were used for flower thrips management are now also used for S. dorsalis, resulting in the need to evaluate newer insecticides in order to diversify rotations and mitigate overuse of insecticides with the same mode-of-action. We evaluated 10 and 12 season-long insecticide programs in field plots in central Florida during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 winter strawberry seasons, respectively. We found that most programs reduced thrips populations and strawberry injury due to thrips feeding, while having limited effects on Orius spp., a primary thrips predator. An early season application of chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, commonly used for other strawberry pests, reduced S. dorsalis populations and strawberry injury, although S. dorsalis populations were relatively low in both study years. When repeat applications of the same insecticide were made throughout the growing season, cyantraniliprole was nearly as effective as spinetoram against Frankliniella spp., while tolfenpyrad and sulfoxaflor did not perform as well. Flupyradifurone was as effective as acetamiprid when used as a follow-up application to spinetoram or cyantraniliprole. Programs including or entirely composed of OMRI-listed insecticides for organic production were not as effective as conventional insecticide programs, with only spinosad providing acceptable thrips control. In conclusion, spinetoram, acetamiprid and spinosad were confirmed to be effective against thrips and can be used as the backbone of rotation programs in conventional and organic strawberry production systems. Diamide insecticides were effective when used repeatedly and in rotation, while flupyradifurone and flonicamid may be used when follow-up applications are needed. Continued research is critical for fine-tuning insecticide programs, with a focus on testing against high S. dorsalis populations in early-planted strawberries and on developing effective sampling methods to optimize timing and reduce the number of applications.
Effective Mentoring for Diverse Leaders

Effective mentoring of doctoral students of color is critical to their success in their programs of study and beyond degree attainment. Despite research that has provided a better understanding of the challenges associated with the imposter phenomenon, it remains the case that many faculty and administrators reproduce this phenomenon in their relationships with marginalized and underrepresented students. This book chapter chronicles the experiences of one Holmes Scholar alumna’s involvement with effective mentoring through the lenses of intersectionality and culturally sustaining pedagogy at a predominantly White institution (PWI), and how these mentoring models contributed to the conceptualization of a university-wide model of inclusive professional development for graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. The author concludes with implications for mentoring and preparing doctoral students of color for diverse career pathways.
Targeted education as a method for reinforcing Paris System criteria and reducing urine cytology atypia rates.

Abstract: Introduction The Paris System for Urine Cytology (TPS) provides well-defined diagnostic criteria for the category of Atypical Urothelial Cells (AUC). The current study compares the rate of AUC diagnoses at a large academic medical center before and after an educational intervention (EI) by a urine cytology expert. Materials and Methods An expert in TPS delivered an educational intervention consisting of an interactive microscope session and a didactic session that focused on the AUC diagnostic category. The number of urine cytology cases, the AUC rate, and the false negative percentage were calculated before and after the EI, using the electronic medical records and cytologic-histologic correlation records. Results A total of 4026 urine cytology cases were signed out in the 25 months prior to the educational intervention and 1585 cases were signed out in the 10 months after the intervention. EI had a significant impact on diagnostic categorization, including a reduction in AUC (19.6% versus 12.5%) and Suspicious for High Grade Urothelial Carcinoma (3.9% versus 3.1%) diagnoses. The cytotechnologists also placed fewer cases into the AUC category during primary screening (27.6% versus 23.0%). Although a higher percentage of cases was reported as negative for high grade urothelial carcinoma, the false negative rate did not significantly change following the intervention (1.8% versus 2.0% of negative cases, p=0.65). Conclusions Focused educational sessions for pathologists and cytotechnologists on the diagnostic criteria for AUC as defined by TPS can significantly reduce the rate of atypical diagnoses without a significant increase in the rate of false negatives.
Exploratory Study of Common Changes in Client Behaviors Following Routine Psychotherapy: Does Psychological Flexibility Typically Change and Predict Outcomes?

Psychological flexibility refers to a modifiable pattern of interacting with one’s experiences with openness and awareness (acceptance-and-mindfulness) and active engagement guided by personal values (commitment-and-behavioral activation). Psychological flexibility has a base of research literature that supports its utility as a model of human behavioral health and pathology. Although the model is central in organizing the therapeutic processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, researchers have argued that psychological flexibility processes might be activated in other effective therapy models included in routine psychotherapy, even if those models do not purport to target those processes. This study explored the degree to which aspects of clients’ psychological flexibility, specifically acceptance-and-mindfulness and commitment-and-behavioral activation, changed after episodes of routine psychotherapy and were predictors of outcome changes for a clinically heterogeneous sample (n = 197) in a naturalistic treatment setting. Results showed statistically significant and small improvements in acceptance-and-mindfulness (d = 0.22) and commitment-and-behavioral activation (d = 0.24) and that changes in psychological flexibility were significant predictors of changes in both flourishing and distress, explaining 42% and 23% of those respective therapy outcomes. Whereas a mix of therapy approaches may slightly improve psychological flexibility, more explicit attention to strengthening it might benefit the work of diverse psychotherapists given its potential relevance to achieving common overarching therapy outcomes.
Ethical Concerns of Bariatric Surgery in the Pediatric Population

Childhood and adolescent obesity affects nearly 20% of the US pediatric population, and this trend has been increasing. Metabolic and bariatric surgery has become a standard of care for the treatment of adult obesity, but the application of surgical therapy to the pediatric population raises multiple ethical issues. Utilizing the framework of medical ethics, we seek to define and discuss the challenges raised by the ethical constructs of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. By appropriately recognizing the ethical issues involved in the surgical management of pediatric obesity, members of a child’s care team can more appropriately recognize which patients may be appropriate candidates for bariatric surgery.
Identifying Ingredient Substitutions Using a Knowledge Graph of Food.

People can affect change in their eating patterns by substituting ingredients in recipes. Such substitutions may be motivated by specific goals, like modifying the intake of a specific nutrient or avoiding a particular category of ingredients. Determining how to modify a recipe can be difficult because people need to (1) identify which ingredients can act as valid replacements for the original and (2) figure out whether the substitution is ``good" for their particular context, which may consider factors such as allergies, nutritional contents of individual ingredients, and other dietary restrictions. We propose an approach to leverage both explicit semantic information about ingredients, encapsulated in a knowledge graph of food, and implicit semantics, captured through word embeddings, to develop a substitutability heuristic to rank plausible substitute options automatically. Our proposed system also helps determine which ingredient substitution options are ``healthy" using nutritional information and food classification constraints. We evaluate our substitutability heuristic, Diet-Improvement Ingredient Substitutability Heuristic (DIISH), using a data set of ground-truth substitutions scraped from ingredient substitution guides and user reviews of recipes, demonstrating that our approach can help reduce the human effort required to make recipes more suitable for specific dietary needs.
Socio-Environmental Consequences of Low Margins in the Argentine Yerba Mate Food System

This chapter identifies and discusses the key social and environmental consequences of the modernizing food system outlined in Chap. 4. Based on a series of field interviews by the author (along with evidence from the literature), we see through yerba mate’s careful branding to reveal the true contexts of the vast majority of production. Key issues explored include extreme poverty, child labor, occupational hazards, pollution, and soil erosion.
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD); spectrum of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and outcome in children

Background: Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is defined as diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Crohn’s Disease (CD) in children under six years of age. Genome wide association studies have linked a strong genetic component responsible for VEO-IBD. Approximately, 30-40% children of VEO-IBD have underlying immunodeficiency states. We aimed to study the spectrum of presentation, underlying monogenetic defects and outcome in VEO-IBD. Methods: This is a prospective, observational study conducted at division of Gastroenterology, the Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, over 2 years. Children developing features of IBD under six-years of age were included. Data included demography, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and outcome. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were performed in all patients in addition to basic work up done for associatedimmunodeficiency states and molecular genetics. SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Continuous...
Integrated Models for Economic-Energy-Environmental Impact Analysis

The last decade has witnessed a growing concern with the adequacy of energy resources and with the quality of the physical environment. This concern stems from such factors as the unrelenting growth of energy use, the end of an era of abundant and cheap energy, adverse environmental effects of economic growth, and the increasing participation of government in decisions pertaining to energy supply and environmental protection.
Social Benefits of Space Spin-Offs: An Introduction

This PowerPoint presentation defines technology transfer and discusses spin-out/off pros/cons involving whether to include a project within NASA or to contract outside NASA. The author discusses what would making the technology transfer happen by suggesting to evaluate NASA technologies/needs and find partners with ability to do business with NASA. The presentation concludes with recent Goddard successes.
Optical parametric generation in the presence of strong two-photon absorption in periodically-poled LiNbO/sub 3/

Optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and optical parametric generation (OPG) have widely been used for producing tunable radiations. In this paper we present our results on the OPG pumped by a nanosecond 532-nm beam in a PPLN crystal. We have measured the OPG conversion efficiency for different repetition rates. In addition, we have also measured the transmittance of the pump beam and determined the two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient of the PPLN crystal.
TVA Hydro Scheduling Model: Practical Aspects

Computer programs and mathematical methods have been developed to model long term week-to-week variations in water level, discharge and electrical generation for the 42 reservoirs operated by TVA. The model has an interactive structure with CRT graphics for easy use by TVA reservoir management personnel to evaluate the impact of new operating requirements on established objectives, check reservoir system status to warn of possible future problems, forecast reservoir systems operation and develop new long range operation guides. Notable features of the model include: (1) the observation of important system operating constraints and priorities, (2) extreme event analysis capability, (3) a special linear programming structure that provides the flexibility to modify operating objectives and experiment with new types of long range efficiency guides, and (4) interactive CRT graphical output analysis.
Differential cytotoxicity but augmented IFN-γ secretion by NK cells after interaction with monocytes from humans, and those from wild type and myeloid specific COX-2 knockout mice

The list of genes which augment NK cell function when knocked out in neighboring cells is increasing, and may point to the fundamental function of NK cells targeting cells with diminished capability to differentiate optimally since NK cells are able to target less differentiated cells, and aid in their differentiation. In this paper we aimed at understanding the effect of monocytes from targeted knockout of COX-2 in myeloid cells (Cox-2flox/flox;LysMCre/+) and from control littermates (Cox-2flox/flox;LysM+/+) on ex vivo function of NK cells. Furthermore, we compared the effect of monocytes treated with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NK cells from mice and humans. NK cells purified from Cox-2flox/flox;LysMCre/+ mice had heightened cytotoxic activity when compared to those obtained from control littermates. In addition, NK cells cultured with autologous Cox-2flox/flox;LysMCre/+ monocytes and DCs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from global knock out COX-2, but not with knock out of COX-2 in T cells, had increased cytotoxic function as well as augmented IFN-γ secretion when compared to NK cells from control littermates cultured with monocytes. LPS inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity while increasing IFN-γ secretion when cultured in the presence of monocytes from either Cox-2flox/flox;LysMCre/+ or control littermates. In contrast to mice, NK cells from humans when cultured with monocytes lost cytotoxic function and gained ability to secrete large amounts of IFN-γ, a process which we had previously coined as “split anergy”. Similar to mice, LPS potentiated the loss of human NK cell cytotoxicity while increasing IFN-γ secretion in the presence of monocytes. Greater loss of cytotoxicity and larger secretion of IFN-γ in NK cells induced by gene knock out cells may be important for the greater need of these cells for differentiation.
Nucleation and growth of gold films on graphite: I. Effects of substrate condition and evaporation rate

Abstract To exploit the advantages of single crystal graphite as a substrate material in determining a better understanding of the fundamental processes and important parameters involved in thin film formention, the nucleation and growth of gold films evaporated onto graphite were studied by examining the film intact with the substrate using transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. Air- and vacuum-cleaved substrates at room temperature, deposition rates from 0.1A˚/s to 10A˚/s, and a pressure during deposition of ≈ 10 -9 Torr were employed. For air-cleaved substrates the film is initiated by the nucleation of a high density (≈ 4 × 10 11 particles/cm 2 ) of small apparently rounded particles and grows by the subsequent coalescence and widening of these metal islands. The original nuclei have a [111] fiber texture that improves in directional alignment in the substrate plane as coalescence occurs. A nucleation density of ≈ 10 8 particles/ cm 2 is found on vacuum- substrates and the deposit islands have a dendritic morphology. The film orientation is initially epitaxial but the directional alignment in the substrate plane deteriorates slightly at ≈ 10A˚film thickness. For vacuum-cleaved substrates the higher the deposition rate the finer the dendrite branches, and less evaporant is needed to achieve a given film coverage.
Subsurface Microorganisms: Ecological significance

Energy Sources Physical Considerations Microbial Distributions in the Subsurface Sampling and Microbial Enumeration Issues General Microbiological Characteristics of the Subsurface Keywords: subsurface microbiology; subsurface microorganisms, ecological significance of
Heavy Elements in QSOs: Star Formation and Galaxy Evolution at High Redshifts

Intrinsic emission and absorption lines of QSOs provide several independent probes of the metal abundances in QSO environments. They indicate that the metallicities are typically solar or higher out to redshifts z > 4. These results support models of galaxy evolution where galactic nuclei, or dense condensations that later become galactic nuclei, form stars and evolve quickly at redshifts higher than the QSOs themselves.
Absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow with constrained estimation of the arterial input function

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of the constrained alternating minimization with model (CAMM) method for estimating the input function from the myocardial tissue curves. Materials and Methods: Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed on seven canine models of coronary artery disease in 15 imaging sessions. In each session, stress was induced with intravenous infusion of adenosine and a variable occluder created coronary artery stenosis. A dual bolus protocol was used for each acquisition, and input functions were then estimated using the CAMM method with data acquired from the high dose scan following each imaging session. For each acquisition, myocardial blood flow was measured by injected microspheres. Results: The dual bolus and CAMM-derived flows were not significantly different (P = 0.18), and the correlation between the two methods was high (r = 0.97). The correlation between the dual bolus and CAMM methods and microsphere measurements was lower than that for the two MR methods (r = 0.53; r = 0.43, respectively). Conclusion: The CAMM method presented here shows promise in estimating myocardial blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease at stress with a single injection and without any specialized acquisitions. Further work is needed to validate the approach in a clinical setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:603–609. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of Milk Clotting Enzymes Between Curd and Whey and Their Survival During Cheddar Cheese Making

Abstract A linear diffusion test capable of measuring milk clotting enzyme activity at concentrations of 1×10 −4 to 1×10 −1 rennin units per ml is described. The distribution of rennet activity between curd and whey in freshly coagulated milk was measured at 72% in the whey and 31% in the curd at pH 6.6. At pH 5.2, the whey contained 17% and the curd 86%. Total recovery of activity was 102±5%. Distribution of milk clotting enzymes from Mucor pusillus var. Lindt and Mucor miehei between curd and whey in freshly coagulated milk was independent of pH with approximately 83% in the whey and 17% in the curd. Porcine pepsin was unstable, precluding accurate assessment of enzyme distribution. During the manufacture of Cheddar cheese approximately 35% of the rennet activity was destroyed up to the time the whey was drained, and 6% remained in the cheese following pressing. Neither of the microbial enzymes lost activity during cheese making. Most of the activity remained in the whey while only 2 to 3% was detected in the cheese after pressing.
Geometry of crenulation-folds and their relationship to crenulation cleavage

Abstract Analysis and descriptions of the geometry and wavelengths of crenulation-folds from crenulated, low grade metamorphic rocks from southeastern Australia are related to existing theoretical and experimental work on folding. Isogon line behaviour and shape contrasts of the folds indicate that the pre-existing anisotropy in these rocks has been mechanically active during the crenulation deformation. Fabric parameters such as grainsize and proportions of flaky minerals (statistically homogeneous fabrics), and layer thickness and layer rheology contrast (multilayer fabrics), markedly influence the wavelengths of the crenulation-folds. These features are incompatible with passive-slip folding and support a buckling origin. Relationships between crenulation cleavages and these folds suggest that the cleavages are associated with two types of buckling instabilities. The most common association (Type A instability) is internal buckling within a confined anisotropic medium, whereas the other (Type B instability) relates to micro-buckling in the contact strain zone adjacent to buckled competent ‘single layers’. Amplification and propagation of both instability types will produce folds which become potential sites for differentiation processes to operate to produce cleavages. The crenulation-folds are therefore a necessary pre-requisite for development of crenulation cleavages. They determine the location, the spacing and the lengths of crenulation cleavages in crenulated anisotropic fabrics. They do not however influence the variety of crenulation cleavage which develops since there is no apparent relationship between cleavage type and a particular fold geometry.
AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 2-IODO-5-NITROPYRIDINE

(1973). AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 2-IODO-5-NITROPYRIDINE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 305-306.
Maintenance of good animal welfare standards in beef slaughter plants by use of auditing programs.

The public has become increasingly concerned poor about farm animal welfare. Although all veterinarians do not work with farm animals, it is important that all can answer questions on that subject from their clients or others. One area of concern is how animals are treated at slaughter plants. Many people are not aware that restaurant companies have been auditing animal welfare in slaughter plants since 1999. This has resulted in great improvements in cattle handling and stunning. The McDonald's Corporation started their animal welfare auditing program in 1999. Wendy's International and Burger King Corporation began their programs in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The author worked with all 3 companies on the implementation of their programs. Restaurant companies use their own auditors (who visit the plants routinely for food safety audits) to perform their welfare audits. During the last 5 years, the author has worked with McDonald's Corporation, Burger King Corporation, and Wendy's International to train foodsafety auditors to score each slaughter plant for animal welfare by use of an objective numerical scoring system 2,3 . Instead of relying on a subjective assessment, the auditor counts the percentage of cattle that was correctly stunned with 1 shot, percentage moved with an electric prod, and percentage that vocalized (moo or bellow) during handling and stunning. Vocalization is associated with blood cortisol concentrations in cattle 4 . A previous study 5 revealed that 98% of the cattle that vocalized during handling and stunning in a slaughter plant had vocalizations that were associated with an obvious aversive event, such as nonfatal attempts at stunning, slipping, use of electric prods, contact with sharp metal edges, or excessive pressure from a restraint device.
Permanental polynomials of the smaller fullerenes.

Using a general computer code developed previously, permanental polynomials were computed for all fullerenes C≤36. Mathematical properties of the coefficients and zeroes were investigated. For a given isomer series of constant n, the n/2 independent zeroes appear to consist of a set of 10 that are nearly constant within the series and a set of n/2−10 that differ greatly with structure.
Realization of a closed 1-form on closed oriented surfaces

We study closed 1-forms with isolated zeros on closed oriented surfaces and establish the conditions under which given invariants generate a closed 1-form.
Neighborhood prediction based decentralized key management for mobile wireless networks

The wireless data collected in mobile environments provides tremendous opportunities to build new applications in various domains such as Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and mobile social networks. Storing the data decentralized in wireless devices brings major advantages over centralized ones. In this work, to facilitate effective access control of the wireless data in the distributed data storage, we propose a fully decentralized key management framework by utilizing a cryptography-based secret sharing method. The secret sharing method splits the keys into multiple shares and distributes them to multiple nodes. However, due to node mobility, these key shares may not be available in the neighborhood when they are needed for key reconstruction. To address this challenge, we propose the Transitive Prediction (TRAP) protocol that distributes key shares among devices that are traveling together. We develop three key distribution schemes that utilize the correlation relationship embedded among devices that are traveling together. Our key distribution schemes maximize the chance of successful key reconstruction and minimize the communication overhead. We provide theoretical analysis of the robustness and security of TRAP. Our simulation results, by using the generated data from city environment and NS-2 simulator, demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our key distribution schemes.
Mean Lives in Ne V, Mg VII, and Al VIII

Mean lives of five 2s2p3 terms in each of the 6-electron ions Ne V, Mg VII, and Al VIII have been measured using the techniques of beam-foil spectroscopy. An ion beam energy of 2 MeV was used for Ne and 5 MeV for Mg and Al. The wavelength range covered was 245-575 A. Experimental results are compared with predicted trends of oscillator strength as a function of 1/Z.
The Lesbian Coming Out Process: Therapeutic Considerations.

The problems and therapeutic needs of women in the process of identifying themselves as lesbians are described. Means of working through denial rationales are explored.
Niemann-Pick Type C1 I1061T Mutant Encodes a Functional Protein That Is Selected for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation Due to Protein Misfolding *

Over 200 disease-causing mutations have been identified in the NPC1 gene. The most prevalent mutation, NPC1I1061T, is predicted to lie within the cysteine-rich luminal domain and is associated with the classic juvenile-onset phenotype of Niemann-Pick type C disease. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism by which the NPC1I1061T mutation causes disease, we examined expression of the mutant protein in human fibroblasts homozygous for the NPC1I1061T mutation. Despite similar NPC1 mRNA levels between wild type and NPC1I1061T fibroblasts, NPC1 protein levels are decreased by 85% in NPC1I1061T cells. Metabolic labeling studies demonstrate that unlike wild type protein, which undergoes a glycosylation pattern shift from Endo H-sensitive to Endo H-resistant species, NPC1I1061T protein remains almost exclusively Endo H-sensitive and exhibits a reduced half-life (t½ 6.5 h) versus wild type Endo H-resistant species (t½ 42 h). Treatment with chemical chaperones, growth at permissive temperature, or inhibition of proteasomal degradation increases NPC1I1061T protein levels, indicating that the mutant protein is likely targeted for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) due to protein misfolding. Overexpression of NPC1I1061T in NPC1-deficient cells results in late endosomal localization of the mutant protein and complementation of the NPC mutant phenotype, likely due to a small proportion of the nascent NPC1I1061T protein that is able to fold correctly and escape the endoplasmic reticulum quality control checkpoints. Our findings provide the first description of an endoplasmic reticulum trafficking defect as a mechanism for human NPC disease, shedding light on the mechanism by which the NPC1I1061T mutation causes disease and suggesting novel approaches to treat NPC disease caused by the NPC1I1061T mutation.