cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conquering space with matter: a technical study of Alberto Burri’s materials and techniques

Alberto Burri (1915–1995) was a pioneering Italian painter and sculptor. Born in Citta di Castello, a small town in the region of Umbria, he earned a medical degree from the University of Perugia. While serving in the Ethiopian campaign and in World War II, first as a frontline soldier and then as a physician, he was captured and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp in Hereford, Texas. It was there that Burri disavowed the medical profession and began to paint. He held a pivotal position in the modern post-war era, exhibiting in Rome and New York in the early 1950s. The present article describes an in-depth scientific investigation of a selection of 14 paintings by Burri, each belonging to one of his series: Sacchi (sacks), Bianchi (whites), Catrami (tars), Muffe (molds), Gobbi (hunchbacks), Legni (woods), Combustioni plastiche (plastic combustions), Ferri (irons), Cretti (monochromatic fields of induced craquelure), and Cellotex (compositions on flayed fiberboard). Elemental information obtained non-invasively via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy was here combined with detailed characterization of the pigments, extenders, binders, and plastics by means of micro-invasive techniques, including pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) spectroscopy. Through the joint use of traditional artists’ materials along with industrial products newly introduced to the market, Burri appears to have encapsulated space into highly dramatic compositions at the boundaries between painting and relief sculpture.
A multiphysics model of the Pacinian corpuscle

The Pacinian corpuscle (PC) is a dermal mechanoreceptor that responds to high-frequency (20–1000 Hz) vibrations. The PC's structure allows transmission of vibrations through its layers (lamellae) to the centrally-located nerve fiber (neurite). This work combines mechanical models of the PC with an electrochemical model of peripheral nerves to simulate the tactile response of the entire system. A three-stage model of response to a vibratory input was developed, consisting of (1) outer core mechanics, (2) inner core mechanics, and (3) neurite electrochemistry. The model correctly predicts the band-pass nature of the PC's frequency response, showing that the PC structure can amplify oscillatory strains within its target frequency band. Specifically, strain induced by a vibratory stimulus is amplified by a factor of 8–12 from the PC surface to the neurite. Our results also support the hypothesis that PC rapid adaptation is affected by the lamellar structures without requiring neuronal adaptivity. Simulated different-sized PCs showed a shift in frequency response, suggesting that clusters of different-sized PCs could enable more nuanced tactile encoding than uniform clusters. By modeling the PC's mechano-to-neural transduction, we can begin to characterize the mechanosensation of other receptors to understand how multiple receptors interact to create our sensation of touch.
Covering our Bases: A Military 4-H Youth Development Program

Land-grant universities, through the 4-H program, have offered support and partnership to the military since World War I. More recently, the U. S. Army, Air Force, and 4-H have partnered to provide military installation youth programs involving over 7,000 youth in 4-H clubs in the United States and abroad. Military youth and families, not affiliated with Base or Post installations, were extended similar support as an aftermath of September 11, 2001. All youth involved through military outreach are enrolled as 4-H members through their respective counties integrating them into local, state, regional, and national 4-H activities and events. Authors share their experience developing relationships with their Air Force partner in implementing positive youth development programs, and explain how these actions resulted in successful funding for increased outreach.
Action Potential Heterogeneity in Murine Sinoatrial Node Myocytes

Sinoatrial node myocytes (SAMs) act as cardiac pacemakers by generating spontaneous action potentials (APs). SAMs are characterized by the expression of the “funny current” (If) that contributes to the spontaneous diastolic depolarization phase of the sinoatrial AP. SAMs exhibit a large heterogeneity of morphological and electrophysiological properties. However, limited information is available about the intrinsic variability in AP waveforms in SAMs. In this study, we co-recorded APs and If from acutely isolated SAMs from mice using voltage and current clamp recordings in the same cells. We refined the definitions of commonly used AP waveform parameters to document the heterogeneity of APs in both perforated patch (PP) and whole-cell (WC) recordings. These definitions were then implemented in an open-source data analysis program (“paramAP”) written in Python 3 using NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib. ParamAP was utilized to characterize APs from more than 100 SAMs. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationships among AP waveform parameters and to identify parameters that are strongly correlated with If and AP firing rate. Furthermore, we document time-dependent changes in AP waveform parameters during both PP and WC recordings. In summary, paramAP is a powerful tool to help standardize AP waveform analysis and parameter definitions in murine SAMs. Our data suggest that commonly-held assumptions about sinoatrial node APs should be extended to accommodate a wider range of AP waveforms. In addition, the time-dependent changes in AP waveform parameters should be considered when comparing data from different studies.
Tracking LINE1 retrotransposition in the germline.

Nearly half of the mammalian genome is occupied by repetitive transposon elements, including long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), short-interspersed nuclear elements, and long terminal repeat retrotransposons. The ability of these transposable elements to propagate and insert randomly throughout the genome plays an important role in genome evolution (1). However, as transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis has been shown to play a causative role in >65 human genetic diseases (2), it is critical that this process be tightly controlled, particularly in the germline. Remarkably, LINEs account for about one-fifth of the human or mouse genome (3), the majority of which are LINE1 (∼600,000 copies in the murine genome). LINE1 is an active and autonomous transposable element that propagates in the genome through retrotransposition, whereby a LINE1 transcript is reverse-transcribed and inserted into the genome at a different location. The full-length LINE1 encodes two proteins: ORF1p and ORF2p, both of which are needed for its mobilization. Because of its repetitive and highly abundant nature, it is nearly impossible to track the activity of individual endogenous LINE1 elements in animals. As reported in PNAS, Newkirk et al. have overcome this hurdle by generating a new LINE1 reporter transgene in mouse (4). Although a number of LINE1 transgenic mouse models have been reported, these transgenes used either human LINE1 elements or non-LINE1 promoters (5⇓⇓–8), and therefore may not fully recapitulate the expression and activity of endogenous mouse LINE1 elements. Newkirk et al. (4) generated new LINE1 transgenes in which expression was driven under the control of the endogenous mouse LINE1 promoter encoded within its own 5′UTR. This new transgene consists of codon-optimized mouse ORF1 and ORF2 for improved translation … [↵][1]1Email: pwang{at}vet.upenn.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Implementation of ISI's Electronic Library Project at Purdue University: Criteria for Selection and Publisher Pricing Schemes

Abstract Purdue University participated in the Electronic Library Project (ELF), a pilot project of the Institute for Scientific Information designed to provide full-text, desktop access to journals indexed in the Life Sciences edition of Current Contents. As an initial step, Purdue determined criteria to foltow for selection of electronic subscriptions. First, a paper subscription had to be currently held. Then, either Purdue authors had demonstrated high use of the journal, or the journal was a review journal, or Purdue had recently subscribed to the title. By the end of ELP, Purdue had subscribed to 119 of the 489 journals available through the project. Had more publishers participated in ELP, Purdue would have subscribed to more journals electronically.
Investigation of radiation-balanced disk lasers

Employing large surface-area-to-volume ratio gain, thin-disk lasers have shown great potential in power scaling. But thermal management for these devices is still challenging. One possible approach is to balance the heat load generated by the lasing process with cooling power from the anti-Stokes cooling process, forming radiation balanced lasers (RBLs). Compared to bulk RBLs, thin-disk RBLs can be better thermally balanced with reduced thermal gradients, promising higher output power and better beam quality. In this paper, we analyze and investigate radiation balanced disk lasers with Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF crystals in different pumping configurations.
Assessing Substance-Related Disorders in African Americans

This chapter aims to address the need for clinicians to consider ethnic culture in their clinical assessment planning with the African American population. Specifically, it offers an overview of assessing substance abuse in African American clients by following evidence supported guidelines, cultural enlightenment protocols, and methods of integrating significant others in the assessment process. This overview illustrates some of the challenges clinicians may face when assessing African Americans’ substance use behaviors and related problems as well as stressing the importance of using culturally sensitive strategies to aid in the assessment process.
Medicolegal Aspects of Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery

Among the myriad concerns and complexities for the practicing urologist, the potential for medical malpractice claims is one of the most troubling and frustrating situations. The physician is often unknowledgeable and poorly prepared for these events, with little emphasis on this aspect of medicine in either medical school or residency training. Only when these unfortunate cases arise does one obtain on-the-job training regarding our legal system, tort law, risk management, and how to avoid malpractice litigation. Herein we discuss relevant medicolegal issues for urologists performing laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures.
High Temperature Corrosion of Intermetallic Alloys

Intermetallic aluminide alloys are attractive for a variety of high temperature applications because of the high strength associated with their ordered crystal structures and corrosion resistance resulting from the formation of alumina-containing scales. The primary focus of this chapter is on the oxidation behavior of intermetallic alloys, but their hot corrosion behavior is also discussed. The chapter also includes a section on techniques for producing corrosion-resistant aluminide coatings and bond coats.
Sludge treatment, utilization, and disposal

This article is a literature review on sludge treatment utilization and disposal. The various aspects of planning and management, thickening, dewatering, sludge properties and sludge stabilization are dealt with. The treatment, thermal conditioning, incineration and final disposal of sludge are reviewed.
When is “Gone” Gone? Archaeology, Gentrification, and Competing Narratives about Freedmen’s Town, Houston

This paper examines the interplay between historic preservation, archaeology, mass media, and competing historical narratives, focusing on one urban community in Texas. After its founding by emancipated African Americans, Freedmen’s Town became the “Mother Ward” for Houston’s growing black professional class. By the late 20th century, due to demographic shifts, a lack of zoning, and weak historic preservation ordinances, it had become one of the poorest neighborhoods in the city (despite being listed on the National Register of Historic Places). The remaining historical structures are now being drowned in a gentrification-driven sea of townhomes and lofts. Some new residents embrace the neighborhood’s history, but others use media and politics to reject it actively, as they enact traditional stereotypes about race, poverty, and class. Within this context, those of us involved with the Community Archaeology Research Institute, Inc., have been attempting to do community-based (not “placed”) archaeology and encourage local-history and public-policy communities to avoid “writing off” the neighborhood as “lost.”
The Switch Statements

The switch statement is a mechanism for controlling the flow of the program based on exact values of one data. Often a switch statement is used in a menu, where the action to be performed is selected based on a value.
8 – MAKING ENEMIES*

Publisher Summary Moralism is a tendency to treat people as enemies. This chapter presents a formulation to predict and explain moralism—a principle of social repulsion—and explains it with the behavior of third parties and of people who handle their own grievances. Moralism is the opposite of partisanship and occurs under opposite conditions. Whereas partisanship is a direct function of social closeness and inferiority, moralism is a direct function of social remoteness and superiority. Those with the strongest partisans tend to be socially close and superior, while those with the greatest enemies tend to be socially remote and inferior. Whereas partisanship resembles gravitation in the physical universe, moralism resembles the repulsion of opposing fields of electricity or magnetism. Social remoteness and inferiority are repulsive. They attract moralism and make enemies. Moralism is lethal, its highest degree homicidal. Most killings obey its logic: the punishment of evil and the advancement of justice. The same applies to violence and destruction of all kinds, from the beating of children to the bombing of cities. Moralism arises everywhere—between intimates and strangers, against superiors and subordinates—but social remoteness and inferiority together produce its purest and strongest expressions: the strict enforcement of rules, impersonal and mechanical, cold and hard. Classic moralism thrives on vertical and horizontal distance, the subordination of strangers, a combination only rarely seen in the history of humanity.
Organizational determinants of bullying and work disengagement among hospital nurses.

Aims To identify organizational determinants of bullying and resulting work disengagement among hospital nurses. Design A cross-sectional, web-based, anonymous questionnaire study. Methods The questionnaire was administered in 2017 to all Registered Nurses in a regional healthcare system in the United States (N = 1,780), with 331 complete responses. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with personally experiencing and witnessing bullying, respectively. Linear regression was conducted to identify organizational factors associated with disengagement due to bullying. Results Psychological safety, a measure of team trust and respect, was inversely associated with being personally bullied and witnessing bullying. Being personally bullied, but not witnessing bullying, was associated with disengagement due to bullying. Psychological safety and competence development, a measure of opportunities to develop skills and knowledge at work, were both inversely associated with disengagement due to bullying. Conclusion Hospital units characterized by trust and respect among nurses are less likely to have a culture of bullying. Both psychological safety and competence development have a protective effect on nurse disengagement from the workplace due to bullying. Interventions to mitigate and prevent bullying and work disengagement among nurses should encompass efforts to enhance psychological safety and opportunities for competence development. Impact Bullying is a pervasive hazard in the nursing profession that contributes to unhealthy workplaces. Nurse managers and staff nurses should work together to establish psychologically safe environments where nurses dare to discuss tough issues like bullying. This research contributes to understanding the characteristics of work environments in which nurses can thrive and work effectively.
COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF IMPLANTED CARDIAC DEVICES ON CHEST RADIOGRAPHY UTILIZING DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS, A FORM OF MACHINE LEARNING

Identification of implanted cardiac devices is paramount to effective care of patients in the emergency department, operating room, radiology suite, and electrophysiology laboratory. However, without the knowledge of a specific device manufacturer, programming and interrogation procedures cannot be
Factors Influencing the Seedling Establishment of Engelmann Spruce and Subalpine Fir

Prescribed burning in U.S. National Parks has been employed as a substitute for natural fires to achieve vegetation and/or wildlife management objectives (Habeck 1970). One specific management objective in Glacier National Park (GNP) is the restoration of plant community diversity to pre-fire-suppression levels.
Activity-dependent nucleation of dynamic microtubules at presynaptic boutons is required for neurotransmission

SUMMARY Control of microtubule (MT) dynamics is critical for neuronal function. Whether MT nucleation is regulated at presynaptic boutons and influences overall presynaptic activity remains unknown. By visualizing MT dynamics at individual excitatory en passant boutons in axons of hippocampal neurons we found that MTs preferentially grow from presynaptic boutons as a result of γ-tubulin and augmin-dependent nucleation. MT nucleation at boutons is promoted by neuronal activity, functionally coupled to synaptic vesicle (SV) transport, and required for neurotransmission. Hence, en passant boutons act as hotspots for activity-dependent MT nucleation, which is required for neurotransmission by providing the tracks for a rate-limiting supply of SVs to sites of neurotransmitter release. Highlights Excitatory boutons are hotspots for neuronal activity-induced γ-tubulin dependent MT nucleation The augmin complex is required for the correct polarity of presynaptic de novo nucleated MTs Presynaptic MT nucleation promotes SV motility and exocytosis at sites of release In Brief Our results demonstrate that excitatory en passant boutons are hotspots for neuronal activity-induced γ-tubulin- and augmin-dependent oriented MT nucleation, and that the resulting presynaptic de novo nucleated MTs promote inter-bouton SV motility which is rate-limiting for neurotransmitter release.
Experimental Evaluation of a Shoulder-Support Exoskeleton for Overhead Work: Influences of Peak Torque Amplitude, Task, and Tool Mass

In this study, we explored the effects of peak torque amplitude (PTA) provided from a passive shoulder-support exoskeleton (shoulderX) on muscle activation, preference, and perceived exertion. Use ...
How Homelands Change

Under what conditions do nations give up parts of their national homeland? This article answers this question using novel data that traces systematically the inclusion of lost homeland territory in...
Design, synthesis, and screening of sulfonylurea-derived NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors

Inflammasomes are multiprotein assemblies that produce robust inflammatory responses upon stimulation with pathogen- and/or danger-associated molecular patterns. Uncontrolled inflammasome activation has been linked to the pathophysiology of a wide array of disorders including life-threatening pathogenic infections, e.g., Francisella tularensis. There has been a great deal of interest in the development of small molecule inflammasome inhibitors. Using computational modeling based on chalcone derivatives, we have developed novel tertiary sulfonylurea compounds as inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The polar enone functional alert of chalcone was replaced with a sulfonylurea scaffold while maintaining the relative positions of the two aromatic rings. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation triggered by Francisella tularensis infection.
From Recursions to Asymptotics: On Szekeres' Formula for the Number of Partitions

We give a new proof of Szekeres’ formula for P(n,k), the number of partitions of the integer n having k or fewer positive parts. Our proof is based on the recursion satisfied by P(n,k) and Taylor’s formula. We make no use of the Cauchy integral formula or any complex variables. The derivation is presented as a step-by-step procedure, to facilitate its application in other situations. As corollaries we obtain the main term of the Hardy-Ramanujan formulas for p(n) = the number of unrestricted partitions of n, and for q(n) = the number of partitions of n into distinct parts.
Disappearing from Abolitionism's Heartland: The Legacy of Slavery and Emancipation in Boston

This article examines why Boston's slave and free black population consisted of more than 1,500 people in 1750, but by 1790 Boston was home to only 766 people of African descent. This disappearing act, where the town's black population declined by at least fifty per cent between 1763 and 1790, can only be explained by exploring slavery, abolition, and their legacies in Boston. Slaves were vital to the town's economy, filling skilled positions and providing labor for numerous industries. Using the skills acquired to challenge their enslavement, Afro-Bostonians found freedom during the American revolutionary era. Nevertheless, as New England's rural economy collapsed, young white men and women from all over the region flooded Boston looking for work, driving down wages, and competing with black people for menial employment. Forced out of the labor market, many former slaves and their descendants left the region entirely. Others joined the Continental or British armies and never returned home. Moreover, many slave owners, knowing that slavery was coming to an end in Massachusetts, sold their bondsmen and women to other colonies in the Americas where slavery was still legal and profitable. Thus, the long-term legacy of abolition for black Bostonians was that Boston's original enslaved population largely disappeared, while the city became a hub of abolitionism by the 1830s. Boston's abolitionist community – many the descendants of slaveholders – did not have to live with their forefathers’ sins. Instead, they crafted a narrative of a free Boston, making it an attractive destination for runaway slaves from across the Atlantic world.
MF-GARF: Hybridizing Multiple Filters and GA Wrapper for Feature Selection of Microarray Cancer Datasets

DNA Microarray technology is a valuable advancement in medical field but it gives birth to many challenges like curse of dimensionality, storage and computational requirements. In this paper we have proposed, a multiple filters and GA wrapper based hybrid approach (MF-GARF) that incorporates Random forest as fitness evaluator of features. The proposed hybrid approach MF-GARF is comprised of three phases relevancy block; containing information theory based filters Information Gain, Gain Ratio and Gini Index, responsible for ensuring relevancy and removal of irrelevant and noisy features. Second phase is Redundancy block; incorporating Pearson Correlation statistics to remove redundancy among features, and then final phase Optimization Block; containing Genetic Algorithm wrapper with Random Forest as fitness evaluator, responsible for generating an optimal feature subset with high predictive power. Random Forest with 10-fold cross validation is used to calculate the classification accuracy of selected feature subset. Experiments are carried out on 7 publically available benchmark Microarray cancer datasets and the proposed algorithm has achieved good accuracy with minimal selected features for all datasets. The comparison with other state of the art hybrid techniques validates the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Case When Analytical Techniques Invalidate the Conclusions of Data Mining: Reversed Flynn Effect of Decreasing IQ Test Scores

In the previous three chapters, we provided examples when analytical techniques helped to enhance the conclusions of data mining. In this chapter, we provide an opposite example: when analytical techniques help to invalidate the conclusions of data mining.
Neuropraxia: An Underappreciated Morbidity of Liver Transplantation.

Abstract Background Peripheral nerve injuries can be devastating complications of surgery, potentially resulting in severe functional disability and decreased quality of life. Long surgeries with considerable tissue manipulation, for example, liver transplantation, may present increased risk; however, neuropraxia in transplantation has not been well investigated. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study of all adult patients undergoing liver transplantation at a large academic center between January 2013 and December 2015. Descriptive analyses, logistic regressions, and forward selection procedures were used to determine the odds of developing neuropraxia and associated factors. Results Of the 283 liver recipients, the mean age was 55.8 y, 35.1% were female, 65.6% were Caucasian, 8.9% were African American, 16.7% were Hispanic, and mean model for end-stage liver disease sodium score at transplant was 24.2 ± 10.9. The underlying etiology was alcohol (26.2%), hepatitis C (34.8%), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (13.1%), and other (14.2%). The incidence of neuropraxia after liver transplantation was 8.3% (n = 25), with 60% (n = 16) upper extremities, 82% left sided, and 84% male. There was no difference in age, race, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or smoking in those with neuropraxia versus those without. In multivariate analysis, neuropraxia was significantly associated with male gender, lower model for end-stage liver disease score, and longer duration of surgery (P Conclusions Peripheral nerve injuries are an unexplored complication of liver transplantation. Although transient, a high number (8.2%) of patients developed neuropraxia, negatively affecting their ability for recovery. Exploration of mechanisms for minimizing risk and intraoperative detection and prevention should be considered to mitigate this complication.
Spinning loop amplitudes in anti–de Sitter space

In this work we present a systematic study of ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{d+1}$ loop amplitudes for gluons and gravitons using momentum space techniques. Inspired by the recent progress in tree-level computation, we construct a differential operator that can act on a scalar factor in order to generate gluon and graviton loop integrands: this systematizes the computation for any given loop level Witten diagram. We then give a general prescription in this formalism, and discuss it for bubble, triangle, and box diagrams.
On Matrix Consequence (Extended Abstract)

These results are a contribution to the model theory of matrix consequence. We give a semantic characterization of uniform and couniform consequence relations. These properties have never been treated individually, at least in a semantic manner. We consider these notions from a purely semantic point of view and separately, introducing the notion of a uniform bundle/atlas and that of a couniform class of logical matrices. Then, we show that any uniform bundle defines a uniform consequence; and if a structural consequence is uniform, then its Lindenbaum atlas is uniform. Thus, any structural consequence is uniform if, and only if, it is determined by a uniform bundle/atlas. On the other hand, any couniform set of matrices defines a couniform structural consequence. Also, the Lindenbaum atlas of a couniform structural consequence is couniform. Thus, any structural consequence is couniform if, and only if, it is determined by a couniform bundle/atlas. We then apply these observations to compare structural consequence relations that are defined in different languages when one language is a primitive extension of another. We obtain that for any structural consequence defined in a language having (at least) a denumerable set of sentential variables, if this consequence is uniform and couniform, then it and the \emph{ Wojcicki's consequence} corresponding to it, which is defined in any primitive extension of the given language, are determined by one and the same atlas which is both uniform and couniform.
Increasing Evacuation during Disaster Events

Timely evacuation is a standard recommendation by local agencies before disaster events such as hurricanes, which have enough advance notice. However, it has been observed in many recent disasters (e.g., Sandy), that only a small fraction of the population evacuates in time. Recent work by social scientists has examined the factors that influence household evacuation decisions; in addition to individual factors it has been found that peer effect plays a role in this decision but in two opposing ways. Specifically, households are motivated to evacuate if their neighbors evacuate. However, if too many neighbors leave then some households have concerns of looting and crime, and they choose not to evacuate. This makes the dynamics of evacuation very complex. In this paper, we use a detailed agent based model to study the dynamics of evacuation in Virginia's coastal region. We use data from a large survey and social contagion and collective action theories to develop the model. We evaluate different strategies to increase evacuation.
Traumatic stress induces prolonged aggression increase through synaptic potentiation in the medial amygdala circuits

Traumatic stress can lead to heightened aggression which may be a symptom of psychiatric diseases such as PTSD and intermittent explosive disorder. The medial amygdala (MeA) is an evolutionarily conserved subnucleus of the amygdala that regulates attack behavior and behavioral responses to stressors. The precise contribution of the MeA in traumatic stress-induced aggression, however, requires further elucidation. In this study, we used foot shock to induce traumatic stress in mice and examine the mechanisms of prolonged aggression increase associated with it. Foot shock causes a prolonged increase in aggression that lasts at least one week. In vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that foot shock induces potentiation of synapses formed between the MeA and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VmH) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). This synaptic potentiation lasts at least one week. Induction of synaptic depotentiation with low-frequency photostimulation (LFPS) immediately after foot shock suppresses the prolonged aggression increase without affecting non-aggressive social behavior, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, or fear learning. These results show that potentiation of the MeA-VmH and MeA-BNST circuits is essential for traumatic stress to cause a prolonged increase in aggression. These circuits may be potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat the aggression symptom associated with psychiatric diseases.
Pharmacological options for the treatment of chronic migraine pain

Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition with symptoms typically consisting of unilateral and pulsating headache, sensitivity to sensory stimuli, nausea, and vomiting. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that migraine is the third most prevalent medical disorder and second most disabling neurological condition in the world. There are several options for preventive migraine treatments that include, but are not limited to, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, botulinum toxins, NSAIDs, riboflavin, and magnesium. Patients may also benefit from adjunct nonpharmacological options in the comprehensive prevention of migraines, such as cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation therapies, biofeedback, lifestyle guidance, and education. Preventative therapies are an essential component of the overall approach to the pharmacological treatment of migraine. Comparative studies of newer therapies are needed to help patients receive the best treatment option for chronic migraine pain.
The Limits of Self-Effacement: A Reply to Wittwer

This article is concerned with the interconnection between three arguments: the Moral Explanatory Dispensability Argument (Moral EDA), the Epistemic Explanatory Dispensability Argument (Epistemic EDA), and the Companions in Guilt Argument (CGA). Silvan Wittwer has recently argued that the Epistemic EDA is self-effacing, whereas the Moral EDA is not. This difference between them is then leveraged by Wittwer to establish that there is a significant disparity between these arguments and that this disparity undermines attempts to use the CGA as a means of refuting the Moral EDA. After explaining the connections between these arguments, I provide three different responses to Wittwer’s analysis. First, I develop a plausible case in favor of the conclusion that the Moral EDA is also self-effacing. Second, I defend the Epistemic EDA from the charge of self-effacement and respond to Wittwer’s assertion that my preferred method of escaping his argument is dialectically inappropriate. Finally, I explain how some arguments recently articulated by Richard Rowland and Ramon Das support my objections to Wittwer’s self-effacement argument.
Advancing a critical trans framework for education

This article introduces a new theoretical framework comprised of three principles for teaching, learning, and researching gender in a way that celebrates gender diversity and centers transgender ex...
Double-Sided Moral Hazard and the Nature of Share Contracts

Contractual arrangements involving revenue/profit sharing are often based on fairly simple, often linear, rules. In addition, in many contexts these contracts are notfinely adjusted to the particular circumstances of individual agents or markets, nor do they vary over time to the extent current theories based on optimal contracting suggest they should. We develop a simple model of such revenue- or profit-sharing arrangements based on double-sided moral hazard and show that this model can account for many of these stylized facts. More specifically, the model shows that linear contracts can be optimal and that benefits from customizing terms can, in some cases, be quite limited, if not zero.
Global Climate Change Mitigation, Fossil-Fuel Driven Development, and the Role of Financial and Technology Transfers: A Simple Framework

Climate financing and compensation have emerged as key themes in the international climate mitigtion debate. According to one argument in support of compensation, advanced economies (AEs) have used up much of the atmosphere’s absorptive capacity, thus causing global warming and blocking a similar, fossil-fuel driven development path for emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). This paper develops a simple model of a sequential, fossil-fuel driven development process to discuss these issues systematically. The results suggest: (i) AEs have typically a stronger interest in climate change mitigation than EMDEs, (ii) from an equity perspective, compensation is called for only if EMDEs are relatively small; (iii) there can also be an efficiency case for compensation, however, with AEs buying EMDEs out of some of their GHG emissions; (iv) ultimately, a superior option—for both the world’s climate and growth prospects—is the development of clean energy technologies by AEs and their transfer to EMDEs. The latter requires strong mitigation efforts by AEs even if EMDEs fail to play along initially.
Predominant factors limiting the recovery of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in western Mississippi Sound, USA

Abstract In addition to suitable substrate, successful oyster recruitment requires an adequate supply of planktonic larvae, followed by the subsequent survival and growth of early post-settlement stages. Substrate limitation, recruitment limitation and post-settlement limitation each played key roles in limiting the recovery of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791) within western Mississippi Sound between 2016 and 2019. Effects of a mortality event which eliminated the oyster spawning stock biomass from two major oyster reefs of western Mississippi Sound in 2016 carried over to the 2018 recruitment period. But the supply of larvae from outside the affected reefs was sufficient to provision spat to restored and reference sites within the 2018 study area. Thus, substrate limitation was inferred to be the primary limitation to early oyster recruitment in 2018. Moreover, variability in spat metrics from settlement samples implied potential post-settlement limitation in 2018. Spat density, mortality, size, and inferred growth varied on temporal, subregional, and microhabitat scales. In 2019, oyster spawning stocks were completely decimated throughout the western Mississippi Sound region by unprecedented freshwater discharge from the Bonnet Carre spillway. Consequently, early oyster recruitment was effectively eliminated, as evidenced by the lack of spat settlement across the entire oyster metapopulation of western Mississippi Sound. Within the course of a single year, the predominant deterrent to oyster recovery had shifted from substrate limitation to recruitment limitation.
Shot Put and Discus

(1980). Shot Put and Discus. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 65-66.
Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS)

Rape trauma syndrome (RTS) is a cluster of common reactions experienced by victims of forcible rape or attempted forcible rape. RTS is often divided into two phases: an acute phase characterized by intense symptoms experienced in the days or weeks immediately following a rape and a long-term reorganization phase of more moderate disturbances in general functioning that may last for years. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) does not define RTS as a disorder. Therefore, PTSD is more commonly considered as a possible diagnosis after a rape. Expert testimony about RTS is much less likely than other syndromes (e.g., battered woman syndrome) to be admitted in court proceedings, and admissibility is often split on the proposed use for the testimony itself. In the overwhelming majority of instances of RTS use in criminal trials, it has been used by the prosecution to explain inconsistent or contradictory statements or actions completed by the victim, though it may also be used to educate a jury about incorrect assumptions about the causes and consequences of rape, testify that the victim's psychological reactions are consistent with having been raped, or support a claim of damages. Keywords: rape trauma syndrome; sexual assault; rape shield laws; posttraumatic stress; PTSD
Effect of Heat Index on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Friction Stir Processed AZ31

Friction stir processing modifies the micro structure and properties of metals through intense plastic deformation. The frictional heat input affects the microstructure evolution and resulting mechanical properties. 2 mm thick commercial AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy was friction stir processed under various process parameter combinations to investigate the effect of heat index on micro structure and properties. Recrystallized grain structure in the nugget region was observed for all processing conditions with decrease in hardness. Results indicate a reduced tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength compared to the as-received material in H-temper, but with an improved hardening capacity. The strain hardening behavior of friction stir processed material is discussed.
Estimating cardiac motion from image sequences using recursive comb filtering

A framework for temporal analysis of left ventricular (LV) endocardial wall motion is presented. This approach uses harmonic estimation to model the periodic nature of cardiac motion. A method for flow vector computation is presented which defines a relationship between image-derived, shape-based correspondences and a more desirable, smoothly varying, set of correspondences. A recursive filter is then constructed which takes into consideration this relationship as well as knowledge of temporal trends. The trajectories of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast markers implanted in the LV wall are compared with trajectories estimated by the filter. The results of this comparison confirm that although cardiac motion is a 3-D problem, 2-D analysis provides a rich testing ground for algorithm development.
Shape Control of Composite Plates and Shells with Embedded Actuators. I. Voltages Specified

The changes in shapes of fiber-reinforced composite beams, plates and shells affected by embedded piezoelectric actuators were investigated. An analytical method was developed which can be used to calculate the changes in shapes for specified applied voltages to the actuators. The method is formulated on the basis of mathematical models using two-dimensional, linear, shallow shell theory including transverse shear effects which are important in the case of sandwich construction. Solutions to the governing equations were obtained via the Ritz method. A computationally efficient computer code with a user-friendly interface was written which is suitable for performing the numerical calculations. The code, designated as SHAPE1, provides the change in shape for specified applied voltages. To validate the method and the computer code, results generated by the code were compared to existing analytical and experimental results and to test data obtained during the course of the present investigation. The predictio...
Self-administration of two long-acting monoamine transport blockers in rhesus monkeys.

Rationale: 2β-propanoyl-3β-(4-tolyl)-tropane (PTT) is a cocaine analog with high affinity at and selectivity for the dopamine transporter (DAT). 2β-propanoyl-3β-(2-naphthyl)-tropane (HD-23), like cocaine, binds with approximately equal affinity to the DAT, the serotonin transporter, and the norepinephrine transporter but has over a 100-fold higher affinity for these monoamine transporters than cocaine. The reinforcing effects of these drugs have not been evaluated in cocaine-naive non-human primates. Objective: The primary goal of the present study was to examine the reinforcing effects of PTT and HD-23 in rhesus monkeys before and after a history of intravenous cocaine self-administration. Methods: Monkeys (n=4) were initially trained to respond under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food presentation. When responding was stable, saline, PTT (0.001–0.03 mg/kg per injection), and HD-23 (0.0003–0.0056 mg/kg per injection) were made available for self-administration for least five sessions per dose. Next, a cocaine dose-effect function (0.0003–0.3 mg/kg per injection) was determined and then PTT and HD-23 dose-effect curves were redetermined. Results: When substituted for food, neither drug maintained responding significantly higher than saline during 3-h (PTT and HD-23) or 22-h (PTT) sessions. After determining the cocaine dose-effect function, PTT and HD-23 functioned as reinforcers in one of four monkeys, when substituted for food during daily 3-h sessions. However, when PTT was made available during 22-h sessions, it had reinforcing effects in three of the four monkeys tested. Conclusions: These results indicate that the reinforcing effects of PTT were slightly modified by a brief history of cocaine reinforcement, and that the weak reinforcing effects were most apparent when the drug was available under unlimited-access conditions.
In the Garden of Branching Processes

The current paper surveys and develops numerical methods for Markovian multitype branching processes in continuous time. Particular attention is paid to the calculation of means, variances, extinction probabilities, and marginal distributions in the presence of a Poisson stream of immigrant particles. The Poisson process assumption allows for temporally complex patterns of immigration and facilitates application of marked Poisson processes and Campbell's formulas. The methods and formulas derived are applied to four models: two population genetics models, a model for vaccination against an infectious disease in a community of households, and a model for the growth of resistant HIV virus in patients undergoing drug therapy.
IL-10-producing B-cells limit CNS inflammation and infarct volume in experimental stroke

Clinical stroke induces inflammatory processes leading to cerebral injury. IL-10 expression is elevated during major CNS diseases and limits inflammation in the brain. Recent evidence demonstrated that absence of B-cells led to larger infarct volumes and increased numbers of activated T-cells, monocytes and microglial cells in the brain, thus implicating a regulatory role of B-cell subpopulations in limiting CNS damage from stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether the IL-10-producing regulatory B-cell subset can limit CNS inflammation and reduce infarct volume following ischemic stroke in B-cell deficient (μMT(-/-)) mice. Five million IL-10-producing B-cells were obtained from IL-10-GFP reporter mice and transferred i.v. to μMT(-/-)mice. After 24 h following this transfer, recipients were subjected to 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 48 h of reperfusion. Compared to vehicle-treated controls, the IL-10(+) B-cell-replenished μMT(-/-)mice had reduced infarct volume and fewer infiltrating activated T-cells and monocytes in the affected brain hemisphere. These effects in CNS were accompanied by significant increases in regulatory T-cells and expression of the co-inhibitory receptor, PD-1, with a significant reduction in the proinflammatory milieu in the periphery. These novel observations provide the first proof of both immunoregulatory and protective functions of IL-10-secreting B-cells in MCAO that potentially could impart significant benefit for stroke patients in the clinic.
Alteration of the distribution of the alpha and beta components in human skin collagen with disease.

Alteration of the Distribution of the Alpha and Beta Components in Human Skin Collagen with Disease
Thermophysical characterization of oil sands. 2. Acoustic properties

Abstract Propagation characteristics of shear (S) and compressional (P) waves are investigated for oil sands from the Athabasca, P.R. Spring, N.W. Asphalt Ridge and Circle Cliffs deposits. These studies are oriented towards applications of acoustic techniques in characterization, diagnostics and control of in-situ extraction methods currently envisaged for oil sand bitumen. The magnitude of the temperature dependence of S and P wave velocities is directly related to the bitumen content of the oil sand. The origin of the pronounced changes in Sand P wave velocities (or travel times) in the temperature regions 24–200 °C and 425–500 °C is traced to the thermal decomposition of oil and sand bitumen. The S and P wave velocities generally decrease with increasing bitumen content. Other variables that are studied, such as moisture content and bulk density, have relatively minor effects on the magnitude of the measured S and P wave velocities.
Energy and Charge Transfer Dynamics in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Doping semiconductor nanocrystals with transition metal ions introduces new optical, electronic, and magnetic properties to the host semiconductor nanocrystals. The energy transfer and charge transfer between exciton and dopant ions are the key photophysical processes responsible for the unique properties of doped semiconductor nanocrystals, which are distinct from their undoped counterparts. Since the energy transfer and charge transfer processes between exciton and dopant ions compete with the usual relaxation pathways of the exciton, competition among different dynamic processes ultimately determines the photophysical properties of doped nanocrystals. In this review, we discuss the dependence of the dynamics of the energy transfer and charge transfer processes in Mn-doped II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals on the structure of the host nanocrystal, spatial distribution of the dopant ions within the nanocrystal, and charge carrier-trapping molecules near the surface of the nanocrystals.