cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pepper domestication enhances parasitoid recruitment to herbivore-damaged plants

Plant breeding has improved traits such as fruit flavor and yield but may have compromised direct and indirect defenses to herbivores compared to their wild ancestors. This has been termed the plant domestication-reduced defense hypothesis. We present evidence that domestication of Capsicum annuum (the chili pepper) from its wild progenitor, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, has not affected resistance to the insect herbivore, Manduca sexta (the tobacco hornworm). Caterpillars performed equally well on the domesticated and wild pepper. Subsequent behavioral choice assays with one of the main natural enemies of M. sexta, the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata, showed that parasitoids preferentially chose herbivore-damaged domesticated pepper plants over their wild relative. To investigate this tri-trophic interaction further, we then assessed the efficiency of C. congregata to parasitize M. sexta on numerous wild pepper accessions and domesticated pepper cultivars in a large foraging enclosure. We found that herbivores feeding on domesticated plants were parasitized at more than twice the rate of those on wild genotypes. These results imply that pepper domestication has not changed resistance to herbivorous insects (i.e., leaf palatability as a direct defense), but rather has improved volatile attraction to recruit natural enemies.
School Counselors Training Paraprofessionals: A Practical Model for Providing Technical Assistance in the Rural School Setting:

The roles and responsibilities of school counselors who serve in rural settings have increased dramatically over the years. One new aspect of the school counselor's role is to provide inservice/pre...
Sensing Local Geometry for Dexterous Manipulation

We describe a new tactile sensor for use in dexterous manipulation and telemanipulation. The sensor consists of an array of curvature-measuring elements embedded in a compliant membrane. The resulting sensor is inexpensive and robust, and can be used in robotic hands with soft fingertips for object handling and exploration. The curvature measurements provide information for manipulation planning and control and provide an estimate of the local object geometry, useful for grasp stability analysis. The prototype device consists of an array of strain gages fabricated within a compliant membrane. Object curvature estimation results are presented, along with suggestions for improvements in future versions of the device.
The Keynesian Method, Complexity, and the Training of Economists

This paper argues that there are serious problems both with the grand synthesis IS/LM macroeconomics and with the modern DSGE macroeconomics. It argues that the reasons for the problems are not with the models per se but with the way the models are used. Specifically, it argues that both approaches have deviated from the Keynesian method, which in the author’s mind, should have been the most important legacy of Keynesian economics. The paper provides a brief history and explanation of how the profession evolved from Keynes’ writings to the modern DSGE approach. It argues that the problem was that academic incentives drove the profession away from the Keynesian method and instead directing economists to become more concerned about publication than about understanding. The paper concludes by explaining why the loss of the Keynesian method is of concern.
Descents, quasi-symmetric functions, and the chromatic symmetric function

We give a new proof of Chung and Graham's ``G-descent expansion'' of the classical chromatic polynomial, as well as a special case of the quasi-symmetric function expansion of the path-cycle symmetric function Xi_D. Both proofs rely on Stanley's quasi-symmetric function expansion of the chromatic symmetric function X_G. We also show that Stanley's expansion suggests that a Robinson-Schensted algorithm for (3+1)-free posets---something that has been sought for unsuccessfully for some time---ought to ``respect descents'' in a certain precise sense.
Muscle metaboreceptors in hemodynamic, autonomic, and ventilatory responses to exercise in men

A muscle metaboreceptor (ergoreceptor) contribution to the hemodynamic and autonomic responses to exercise is well recognized, but a ventilatory component remains controversial. Control handgrips were compared with handgrips followed by 4-min regional circulatory occlusion of the exercising muscles to isolate the metaboreceptor role in blood pressure, autonomic tone (spectral analysis of R-R and blood pressure variability), and ventilatory responses to exercise in 11 normal subjects. Exercise responses were maintained after the effort by metaboreflex activation in systolic pressure (136.2 +/- 3.5 vs. 123.0 +/- 4.3 mmHg, P < 0.05), ventilation (19.0 +/- 2.6 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.4 l/min, P < 0.0005), and sympathetic discharge to the heart and circulation (elevated low-frequency components of R-R interval, 1,747.5 +/- 309.2 vs. 1,085.9 +/- 259.1 ms2, P < 0.05, and systolic pressure variability, 45.3 +/- 3.9 vs. 26.5 +/- 4.4 mmHg2, P < 0.005). We conclude that metaboreflex contributes to the sympathetic, hypertensive, and hyperpneic responses to exercise in normal subjects.
Ferroelectric-ferrite tunable phase shifters

Coplanar waveguide transmission lines fabricated on tunable substrates are being developed for use as true time delay phase shifters. We have fabricated such devices on substrates composed of ferroelectric thin films as well as ferroelectric thin films overlaying ferrite films. These ferroelectric thin film CPW transmission lines have exhibited good tuning properties as evidenced by the differential phase shift while maintaining reasonable losses. The ferroelectric-ferrite structures exhibit tuning which is equally dependent on magnetic and electric field biasing.
Square, sulphur-bicapped tetraniobium cluster compounds

Abstract By addition of first PhSSPh and then PMe2R (R = Ph, Me) to a solution of NbCl5 that has been reduced with Na/Hg, the orange, crystalline compounds Nb4S2(SPh)8(PMe2Ph)4·C7H8 (1) and Nb4S2(SPh)8(PMe3)4·C7H8·C4H8O (2) are obtained. They are closely related to the [Nb4S2(SPh)12]4− anion previously reported by Christou and co-workers (L. Seela, J. C. Huffman and G. Christou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1987, 1258). In each compound four niobium and two sulphur atoms form a tetragonal bipyramid with sulphur atoms at the apices. The mean NbNb and NbSap distances are, respectively, 2.816(8) and 2.491(3) A, for 1 and 2.812(6) and 2.404(3) A for 2. Each NbNb bond (postulated to be single) is bridged by two SPh groups (mean NbSbbr distances for 1 and 2 are 2.624(8) and 2.626(3) A, respectively) and there is a phosphine ligand coordinated to each niobium atom (mean NbP distances for 1 and 2 are 2.706(1) and 2.677(4) A, respectively). Compound 1 crystallizes in triclinic space group P 1 with unit cell dimensions: a = 13.411(6), b = 14.588(4), c = 13.058(5) A, α = 98.05(3), β = 114.95(3), γ = 66.35(3)°, V = 2210(2) A3 and dcalc = 1.530 for Z = 1. The structure was refined to R = 0.0439 and Rw = 0.0590 for 4740 reflections with I > 3σ(I). Compound 2 crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/m with unit cell dimensions: a = 19.333(10), b = 19.965(8), c = 12.048(5) A, β = 120.00(4)°, V = 4027(7) A3 and dcalc = 1.466 for Z = 2. The structure was refined to R = 0.0547 and Rw = 0.0674 for 1480 reflections having I > 3σ(I).
Comparative effects of oral clonidine and intravenous esmolol in attenuating the hemodynamic response to epinephrine injection.

Abstract Study Objective: To evaluate oral clonidine and intravenous esmolol in blunting hemodynamic changes associated with intranasal injection of an epinephrine-containing local anesthetic solution during general anesthesia. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: University Medical Center. Patients: 61 consenting ASA physical status I and II outpatients undergoing endoscopic sinus and septoplasty surgery with general anesthesia. Interventions: All patients were assigned to receive either a placebo (P) tablet or a similar-appearing tablet containing either clonidine 0.2 mg (C2) or 0.4 mg (C4) orally 1 hour prior to entering the operating room. Prior to the intranasal injection of epinephrine, patients were administered either saline, 0.03 ml · kg −1 followed by an infusion of 0.016 ml · kg −1 · min −1 , or esmolol (E) 300 μg · kg −1 followed by a continuous infusion of 160 μg · kg −1 · min −1 . Measurements and Main Results: Arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR) values were recorded preoperatively, immediately before induction of anesthesia, and at 1-minute intervals after induction of anesthesia until 15 minutes after injection of an epinephrine-containing solution. Level of sedation was assessed using a linear visual analog scale (VAS) prior to oral premedication, immediately before induction of anesthesia, and 30 minutes after anesthesia. There were no significant differences in sedation scores among the four treatment groups. HR following injection of epinephrine-containing solution was significantly less in the C2, C4, and E groups than the placebo group. Compared to P and E treatment groups, MAP values were significantly lower in the C4 treatment group. Conclusion: In this healthy, young, nonsmoking outpatient population, premedication with oral clonidine, 0.2 to 0.4 mg, was effective in blunting the acute hemodynamic changes associated with injection of an epinephrine-containing local anesthetic solution during endoscopic sinus or septoplasty surgery.
Knowledge, Evidence, and Skepticism According to Williamson

In order to better understand E=K and the theses (2) and (3), it will be helpful to start with (1). According to Williamson, a bloody knife is not evidence. He agrees with the "familiar claim that only propositions can be reasons for belief, and he puts forward several considerations aimed at making plausible the view that "only propositions that one grasps can function as evidence".2 (194) For example, in inference to the best explanation, one seeks to formulate hypotheses that provide good explanations for one's evidence. Explanations can be put in the form ' because...', and only declarative sentences, expressing propositions, can be grammatically substituted in the blanks. This
Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure

Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) experience significant morbidity because of dyspnea and fatigue with activities of daily living. Although central hemodynamic abnormalities are the hallmark of this disorder, investigators have not shown a relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction or exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and exercise intolerance in this disorder. Recent studies have focused on the contributions of pulmonary abnormalities and alterations in peripheral vasomotor control and skeletal muscle in exercise intolerance in this disorder. Early anaerobic metabolism occurs in patients with CHF and appears to be caused by a combination of reduced skeletal muscle blood flow and decreased aerobic enzyme content in skeletal muscle. Atrophy in skeletal muscle and alterations in skeletal muscle fiber typing are accompanied by alterations in contractile function in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that exercise intolerance in patients with CHF is multifactorial, and that research efforts must consider central hemodynamic abnormalities, pulmonary abnormalities, and alterations in peripheral blood flow and skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology. The present review will explore current research in this area and develop a model for understanding exercise intolerance in CHF.
Use of polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis can result in a decrease in use of antibiotics and total neonatal intensive care unit length of stay.

Use of polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis can result in a decrease in use of antibiotics and total neonatal intensive care unit length of stay
Memristor as an archetype of dynamic data-driven systems and applications to sensor networks

Since its introduction a decade ago, DDDAS has been applied to a wide range of science and technology fields, with specific focus of areas requiring fast and reliable processing of massive data streams from diverse resources. It is crucial to explore architectures and systems which are naturally suited to the DDDAS framework. In this paper, we show that the memristor – the fourth fundamental two-terminal passive circuit element alongside the well-known resistor, capacitor, and inductor – affords the efficient implementation of the working principles of DDDAS. Hence memristors can be considered as an archetype of DDDAS nanoscale hardware embodiment, being the smallest and most basic dynamic data driven application system. Memristors are electrical components with inherent memory processes; they have been predicted about four decade ago and have been physically implemented recently. We discuss the role that DDDAS may play in the development of computing platforms and sensor networks based on memristors in the next few years.
Employee stock options in compensation agreements: A financing explanation

Abstract We develop a model for the use of stock options in compensation agreements based on a financing explanation. Our model is consistent with the extensive use of options for non-executive employees. Simulation results from our model show an optimal use of options of about 9.3% of total compensation for a non-executive employee with a compensation of US$50,000. Finding an optimal level of options as part of compensation in this context requires a balancing of two opposing factors—the benefit of a lower capital issuance cost versus a higher compensation cost as a result of the discount that an employee places on options because of an undiversified position.
Hyperspectral clustering and unmixing for studying the ecology of state formation and complex societies

This project is an application of hyperspectral classification and unmixing in support of an ongoing archaeological study. The study region is the Oaxaca Valley located in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico on the southern coast. This was the birthplace of the Zapotec civilization which grew into a complex state level society. Hyperion imagery is being collected over a 30,000 km2 area. Classification maps of regions of interest are generated using K-means clustering and a novel algorithm called Gradient Flow. Gradient Flow departs from conventional stochastic or deterministic approaches, using graph theory to cluster spectral data. Spectral unmixing is conducted using the RIT developed algorithm Max-D to automatically find end members. Stepwise unmixing is performed to better model the data using the end members found be Max-D. Data are efficiently shared between imaging scientists and archaeologists using Google Earth to stream images over the internet rather than downloading them. The overall goal of the project is to provide archaeologists with useful information maps without having to interpret the raw data.
Theory of Electron Emission Widths

An expression for the reduced width of an auto-ionizing level was derived using the R-matrix theory. The electron emission widths were calculated as a function of channel radius. By choosing an appropriate value of channel radius it was found that the electron emission width is 5.885 x 10/sup -3/ ev for an outgoing p electron of kinetic energy 1.162 ev. This width is about 3000 times larger than the partial radiation width of the level. It is shown that certain selection rules cause some of the partial widths to vanish. Thus measurements can provide very useful information about the type of coupling. The electronic radial wave functions were obtained by a self-consistent-field calculation. The calculation also showed that the penetrability is not too sensitive to the change in atomic electrical polarizability and the core radius. (auth)
Determination of the pKa of cyclobutanone: Brønsted correlation of the general base-catalyzed enolization in aqueous solution and the effect of ring strain.

The induction of strain in carbocycles, thereby increasing the amount of s-character in the C−H bonds and the acidity of these protons, has been probed with regard to its effect on the rate constan...
How the BRST invariance of QED is induced from the underlying singleton field theory

Abstract Singleton field theory is a gauge theory of an unconventional type. Only scalar and spinor particles (and fields) appear in it. Nevertheless it retains the fundamental Gupta-Bleuler structure of ordinary gauge theories. We show here that singleton field theory has a BRST invariant quantum field theoretical formulation. Next, in the framework of a composite formulation of QED, we demonstrate that the usual BRST formulation of QED is generated from the BRST structure of the underlying singleton constituent field theory.
Immunotherapy of renal cell cancer.

Immunotherapy of metastatic renal adenocarcinoma (RCC) is currently an alternative to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin has been associated with a 22% response rate in small series, but no large-scale clinical trials have been completed. Transfer factor, in combination with other immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic compounds, has a reported 13% incidence of response. Tumor vaccines have caused clinical response in only 5% of patients while monoclonal antibodies have produced partial remission in one of nine patients. Immune RNA has been associated with a 14% overall incidence of response. Tumor necrosis factor has not as yet been studied in any large-scale clinical investigations but preliminary studies are not promising. Leukocyte-derived and recombinant interferons alone have produced responses in 10-20% of patients with tolerable toxicity. Combinations of interferons or with cytotoxic chemotherapy have produced slightly improved responses with short duration and substantial toxicity. Adoptive immunotherapy using Interleukin-2 alone, or with IL-2 plus lymphocyte-activated killer cells, or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or interferons have produced clinical responses in 10-30% of patients treated. Combinations of specific forms of immune therapy may hold promise for better rates of clinical response in the future.
Interviewing efficiencies or interviewing efficiently

Purpose – This paper seeks to challenge library leaders to consider different ways of facilitating the interviewing and questioning of candidates during hiring searches with an overall focus on containing the costs related to time and staff effort.Design/methodology/approach – Various aspects of current hiring and interviewing facilitation methodologies are reviewed and critiqued as a way of generating critical thinking about the standard view of best practices in this arena.Findings – Contrarian positions to prevailing practice in the writing of questions and interview facilitation are shown to have significant time and cost savings, if political costs can be mediated effectively through the hiring of consistently top‐performing candidates.Originality/value – The paper examines common assumptions regarding who should organize and lead the interview process, and how the process impacts candidates. It encourages library leaders to self‐examine their own role within the process while also searching for ways...
PPARγ2 polymorphism and human health.

The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR𝛾) is an important transcription factor regulating adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. Numerous genetic mutations of PPAR𝛾 have been identified and these mutations positively or negatively regulate insulin sensitivity. Among these, a relatively common polymorphism of PPAR𝛾, Pro12Ala of PPAR𝛾2, the isoform expressed only in adipose tissue has been shown to be associated with lower body mass index, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and resistance to the risk of type 2 diabetes in human subjects carrying this mutation. Subsequent studies in different ethnic populations, however, have revealed conflicting results, suggesting a complex interaction between the PPAR𝛾2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and environmental factors such as the ratio of dietary unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and/or between the PPAR𝛾2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and genetic factors such as polymorphic mutations in other genes. In addition, this polymorphic mutation in PPAR𝛾2 is associated with other aspects of human diseases, including cancers, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer disease and aging. This review will highlight findings from recent studies.
Stomaching calcium for bone health

Calcium deficiency in the elderly is associated with low gastric acid secretion and bone loss. A new study linking defects in gastric acid secretion with bone destruction and impaired mineralization bolsters the view that calcium supplements can prevent these bone defects—but do they all work (pages 674–681)?
A Facile Approach for Fabricating Fluorescent Cellulose

Fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared through a two-step approach. Reactive amino groups were first introduced onto the CNCs through a silanization reaction with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The fluorescent moieties were then attached onto the cellulose by covalent grafting between the amino groups and 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxy succinimide ester or fluorescein isothiocyanate. The synthesized fluorescent CNCs were investigated and characterized with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The same fluorescent functionalization strategy could also be applied to other cellulose materials, such as microcrystalline cellulose and bulky paper sheets. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Turner's syndrome

Summary Before chromosomal analysis became available, the diagnosis of Turner's syndrome was based on the characteristics independently described by Otto Ullrich and Henry Turner, such as short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, typical, visible dysmorphic stigmata, and abnormalities in organs, which present in individuals with a female phenotype. Today, Turner's syndrome or Ullrich-Turner's syndrome may be defined as the combination of characteristic physical features and complete or part absence of one of the X chromosomes, frequently accompanied by cell-line mosaicism. The increasing interest in Turner's syndrome over the past two decades has been motivated both by the quest for a model by which the multi-faceted features of this disorder can be understood, and the endeavour to provide life-long support to the patient. New developments in research allow patients with Turner's syndrome to have multidisciplinary care.
The binding of nuclear non-histone protein to DNA.

Abstract The binding of rat liver nuclear non-histone proteins to DNA has been detected using a membrane filter technique. Binding is optimal at 0.05 M NaCl, increases with decreasing pH, and is enhanced in the presence of Mg2+. About 50% of the DNA is bound reversibly. Histone contamination of non-histone preparations contributes little, if at all, to the observed binding while cytoplasmic proteins, isolated like non-histones, have no ability to bind DNA. The binding activity, which is unstable, can be destroyed by heat or pronase.
Recursive Identification of Linear Systems

Let the three matrices $\sum (N) = (G(N),F(N)H(N))$ define a linear constant system of least degree which realizes the set of numbers $f_1 , \cdots ,f_N $ regarded as a partial impulse response of a system. An algorithm has been developed for recursively calculating the minimal partial realizations for each $N = 1,2, \cdots $ such that \[ \cdots \sum {(N - k)} \subseteq \sum {(N) \subseteq \cdots .} \] This algorithm differs from the previous ones, such as that of B. L. Ho’s, in that there is a recursion on N as well. Because of this, no a priori guess of the order of the system is required. Moreover, an addition of terms to the initial sequence causes the computation of only a few new elements. When combined with another algorithm for factoring covariance matrices the given algorithm permits a recursive identification of linear random systems. No earlier recursive identification methods seem to appear in the literature. Finally, a categorical description of the abstract realizations is given.
Parent Training for Families of Children with Comorbid ADHD and ODD

Paper presents the details of a parent training program for families of children with comorbid ADHD/ODD. The goal of the training is to develop specific parenting skills that promote pro-social compliance and decrease disruptive child behavior. There are two parts to the parent training program. First, a theoretical framework of interactions between parents and their hyperactive children is presented. Second, a task analysis of the skills learned by parents is presented in the form of The Behavior Management Flow Chart. This flow chart synthesizes the research on child management into a visual unit that allows a clear portrayal of child behavior management steps.
Brainstem auditory evoked responses in infants and children with AIDS.

Abstract Brainstem auditory evoked responses were measured in 16 infants and children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in 9 normal infants and children. Two stimulation rates were used: a conventional rate of 10 Hz and a high rate of 50 Hz. Latencies of waves III, IV, and V on the left were significantly longer in the AIDS group when a stimulation rate of 10 Hz was used. With a higher stimulation rate of 50 Hz, significant differences between the two groups occurred in the latencies of waves I, III, and V bilaterally, but there were no significant differences in the interpeak latencies. A measure of the differential effect of the increasing stimulus rate on the two groups was significant for wave I latency and for I–III and I–V interpeak latencies on the left, revealing that increasing stimulation rate prolongs these measures more in the AIDS group. Increased brainstem auditory evoked response stimulation rate may unmask abnormalities in infants and children with AIDS that are not observed when the lower stimulation rate is used.
"There's Got to Be a Better Way to Do This": A Qualitative Investigation of Informal Learning among Instructional Designers.

This study employed a qualitative research design to investigate informal learning among practicing instructional designers. Prior research has examined how instructional designers spend their time, make decisions, use theory, solve problems, and so on, but no published research has explored the nature and role of informal learning in instructional design work. Based on intensive interviews of practitioners in the field, this study produced eight themes organized according to two metathemes: (a) the nature of informal learning in instructional design practice and (b) instructional design as informal learning. Specific themes concerned what instructional designers learn through informal practical experience, how they learn it, and the meaning of this kind of learning for various aspects of their work. Overall, these results suggest that informal learning is a vital part of instructional design practice and that design itself can be thought of as a specialized type of informal learning. Other conclusions regarding informal learning in design are discussed and future directions for research are offered.
The principal in schools of choice: Middle manager, entrepreneur, and symbol manager

Educational choice is a major policy strategy currently gaining momentum. Yet numerous questions remain regarding the nature of public sector schools of choice and their control. This article contributes to the literature on choice and control by identifying the leadership role of principals in these schools. Beginning with an examination of institutional and organizational features unique to public sector schools of choice, the article moves to a discussion of the principal as middle manager, entrepreneur, and symbol manager. Each of these roles is examined in terms of how control and autonomy are balanced. The article concludes with a discussion of policy questions for future study.
Management of recurrent pilonidal disease

Abstract The best treatment for recurrent pilonidal disease is to find a method of treating the acute phase that has the lowest morbidity and recurrence rate in your hands. Unfortunately, despite the most valiant of efforts, recurrences range up to 40 to 50%. Following the basic principles of removing the midline pits, shaving of hair and pristine anal hygiene will limit persistent, recurrent disease. Once signs and symptoms do return, the colorectal surgeon has the same number of weapons in his arsenal and then some. This chapter will briefly review pathogenesis, incidence, signs and symptoms, natural history, and treatment of acute disease. Then, a detailed description of the multiple treatment options for chronic, persistent recurrent disease will follow.
Smooth pursuit in 1- to 4-month-old human infants

The ability of human infants ≤4 months of age to pursue objects smoothly with their eyes was assessed by presenting small target spots moving with hold-ramp-hold trajectories at ramp velocities of 4–32 deg/sec. Infants as young as 1 month old followed such target motions with a combination of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye movements interrupted occasionally by periods when the eyes remained stationary. The slowest targets produced variable performance, but targets moving 8–32 deg/sec produced consistent pursuit behavior, even in the youngest infants. By the fourth month, eye-movement latency decreased and smooth-pursuit gain and the percentage of smooth pursuit per trial increased for all target velocities, though these measures had not yet reached adult levels.
Absence of bound states in extremely asymmetric positive diatomic molecules

It is shown that the Hamiltonian for a diatomic molecule consisting ofN electrons and two dynamic nuclei with chargesZ1 andZ2 has no bound states if one of the charges is sufficiently large. The nuclear motion is completely unrestricted, and the kinetic energy of both nuclei can be included in the Hamiltonian. One of the nuclear charges can be arbitrarily small, provided that the other is sufficiently large.
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of primary cultures of aortic medial cells

Abstract When small (2-mm) round explants of aortic media from Rhesus monkeys or rabbit are cultured in Eagle's Basal Medium with 10% serum added cell growth starts in a monolayer within 1–2 weeks. Growth continues exponentially for 3–4 weeks. Elastin and acid mucopolysaccharide were demonstrated in electron micrographs. Mature collagen was not seen but vitamin C was not added to the culture medium. The proliferating cells were characterized as mature smooth muscle cells both ultrastructurally and by immunohistochemical methods. For the latter studies antibodies against smooth muscle cell actomyosin were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using either difluoro-dinitrophenyl sulfone (FNPS) or glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. After incubation with the labeled antibody, the cultures were stained for peroxidase with tetrachloridine to yield a brown reaction product against the yellow to light-tan background. With antiactomyosin antibody most cells were stained in a rather uniform fashion. Pretreatment of the cultures with unlabeled antibodies prevented positive staining and labeled normal gamma globulin did not stain the cells. Adventitia from the same aortas yielded rapidly growing control cultures which contained only a few cells which reacted positively with the anti-actomyosin. With the same immunohistochemical technique we have also obtained evidence for the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by these cells using specific antibodies to LDL. As a control, antigenic proteins of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been used to immunize rabbits or chickens and their resulting antibodies have been similarly labeled. LDL apoprotein was present in sufficient quantities in these cells to be demonstrated by this method with either light or electron microscopy. The arterial medial cell has been implicated in atherogenesis and it is proposed that such cultures may serve as a model to measure the response of these cells to selected atherogenic stimuli.
T antigen and initiation of cell DNA synthesis in a temperature-sensitive mouse line transformed by an SV40tsA mutant and in heterokaryons of the transformed cells and chick erythrocytes.

The role of SV40 gene A product in initiation of cellular DNA synthesis was investigated, using a mouse kidney line [mKSA207] transformed by SV40ts A207. mKSA207 cells were temperature sensitive for growth, lost SV40 T antigen (Tag) when incubated in low serum at 40°C, and accumulated Tag in the cytoplasm when fed 10% serum and incubated at the nonpermissive temperature (39.7°C). Following serum addition, the percentage of mKSA207 cells synthesizing DNA was essentially the same at nonpermissive (39.7°C) and permissive temperatures (33.5°C). The cells entered S phase asynchronously at both temperatures, but most cells entered S within 16 h, and before Tag accumulated. mKSA207 synchronized by a double thymidine block also synthesized DNA at 39.7°C and entered a second S phase. Tag-depleted or Tag-synchronized mKSA207, when fused with chick erythrocytes (CE), activated CE DNA synthesis. At nonpermissive temperatures (39.7°C), 40% of CE nuclei in heterokaryons with Tag-depleted mKSA207 displayed3H-thymidine-labeled nuclei 28–40 h after fusion, when only 12% of CE nuclei were Tag+. The experiments indicate that SV40 gene A product probably does not have a direct role as initiator of cellular DNA synthesis.
Relaxation of Crystals with the Quasi-Newton Method

A quasi-Newton method is used to simultaneously relax the internal coordinates and lattice parameters of crystals under pressure. The symmetry of the crystal structure is preserved during the relaxation. From the inverse of the Hessian matrix, elastic properties, and some optical phonon frequencies at the Brillouin zone center can be estimated. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated for silicon test systems.
Interaction of fibrin(ogen) with leukocyte receptor αMβ2 (Mac-1): Further characterization and identification of a novel binding region within the central domain of the fibrinogen γ-module

The fibrinogen γ-module sequences, γ190−202 or P1, and γ377−395 or P2, were implicated in interaction with the αMI-domain of the leukocyte receptor αMβ2. P1 is an integral part of the γ-module cent...
I love you, let's share calendars: calendar sharing as relationship work

While there has been substantial research into the use of online calendar systems (OCS) within organizations and families with children, no research focuses on adults without children. In our study, we focus on these OCS users' practices of calendar sharing as relationship work, the continually negotiated practice of managing friendships and intimacy. We conducted semi-structured interviews as part of a qualitative user study of Google Calendar users. We report the calendar sharing behaviors and strategies of our participants, who maintain multiple calendars for different purposes and with different users, communicating factual and emotional information through their calendar events. We contribute new knowledge by discussing four strategies derived from our participants' calendar sharing and relationship work activities.
Ionic conductance determinants of synaptic memory nets and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.

Electrical and chemical signals representing macroscopic "perturbations" in brain networks engage large numbers of transient "microscopic" ionic channel fluctuations in producing long-lasting changes of conductance (and thus potential). Repeated electrical and chemical signals that occur during associative training of living organisms (from mollusc to mammal) can cause ionic conductance changes lasting from days to many weeks. If a stimulus pattern reoccurs with sufficient frequency, voltage-dependent K(+) conductances-responsible for both synaptic and intrinsic membrane currents-become progressively less probabilistic and more deterministic. In effect, more deterministic ion channel functions record in associative memory more deterministic (i.e., higher probability) events in the environment. This memory has been found to be stored within brain networks as ensembles of local dendritic ionic conductance changes distributed throughout brain regions such as the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex. Numerous other studies taken together support the hypothesis that distributed dendritic loci store associative memory, do not involve long-term potentiation, are also loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, and can contribute to, if not be responsible for, early memory loss in clinically manifest AD. J. Neurosci. Res. 58:24-32, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Artificial Membranes: A New Type of Cell for Measuring Diffusional Resistance

A novel technique allows determination of membrane diffusivities and eliminates the complications of the fluid resistance to mass transfer on either side of the membrane. Results on the permeability of a dialysis membrane of the type used in artificial kidneys agree with previous data and are obtained in much shorter time. The measured activation energy for diffusion demonstrates that the transport of salt through the membrane occurs by the same mechanism as the diffusion of salt in water, but that only 10 percent of the membrane surface is effective.
Mechanisms of Posttransplant Hypertension

Posttransplant hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and graft function. We performed metabolic studies in 35 hypertensive patients with well-maintained graft function on maintenance immunosuppressive drugs and in 17 normotensive control transplant recipients. The group of hypertensive recipients were characterized by increased peripheral plamsa renin activity, lack of change in blood pressure in response to salt loading and restriction, and by increased peripheral and renal resistance. In contrast, on the same protocol in a group of patients with essential hypertension, blood pressure fell significantly on a low-salt intake. Peripheral resistance in hypertensive transplant recipients fell in response to saline loading, in contrast to the effects in normotensive transplant recipients. Hypertensive patients with retained native kidneys as compared to those who had these removed prior to transplant, but were still hypertensive, differed only with regard to reduced renal plasma flow in the former group. These data are consistent with a predominantly renin-dependent hypertension in these renal transplant recipients. When bilateral nephrectomy or repair of graft renal artery stenosis is being considered, response to captopril may offer a means of selection; acute renal failure on captopril suggests functionally significant renal artery stenosis.
A new mycosis of larval lobster (Homarus americanus).

Abstract A phycomycetous fungus belonging to the genus Lagenidium has been found in laboratory-rearing systems for larvae of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. When first and second stages were found to be infested with the fungus, ultimate mortality was in excess of 90%. Juvenile (sixth and seventh stage) animals appear to be impervious to this infestation. The tentative conclusion is made that this fungus is the causative agent of a new mycosis of larval lobsters.
Solution Chemistry of a Water-Soluble η2-H2 Ruthenium Complex: Evidence for Coordinated H2 Acting as a Hydrogen Bond Donor

The ability of an η2-H2 ligand to participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding in solution has long been an unresolved issue. Such species are proposed to be key intermediates in numerous important reactions such as the proton-transfer pathway of H2 production by hydrogenase enzymes. We present the synthesis of several new water-soluble ruthenium coordination complexes including an η2-H2 complex that is surprisingly inert to substitution by water. The existence of dihydrogen hydrogen bonding (DHHB) was experimentally probed by monitoring the chemical shift of H-bonded Ru−(H2) complexes using NMR spectroscopy, by UV−visible spectroscopy, and by monitoring the rotational dynamics of a hydrogen-bonding probe molecule. The results provide strong evidence that coordinated H2 can indeed participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding to bulk solvent and other H-bond acceptors.
Cathodic deposition of amorphous silicon from solutions of silicic acid and tetraethyl ortho-silicate in ethylene glycol and formamide containing HF

Amorphous silicon containing carbon, hydrogen and fluorine were electrodeposited from solutions containing ethylene glycol, hydrofluoric acid, and tetraethyl orthosilicate or silicic acid. The deposits were characterized by electrical resistance and ir reflectance measurements. The deposits exhibited point contact electrical resistances from 104 to 1014 ohm cm−1 which could be changed by making suitable changes in the composition of the electrolyte or the conditions of electrolysis. The conductivity of the deposits was changed from p- to n-type by doping with phosphorus achieved by adding triethyl phosphate to the electrolyte.
Tillage and drainage management effect on soil gas diffusivity

Abstract Subsurface drainage influences the gaseous exchange in soils and improves crop productivity. Thus, gas diffusivity were monitored on a long-term drainage/tillage experiment established in 1994 at the Waterman Farm of The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Specific objectives of the present study were to compare the gas diffusion and physical properties (bulk density and water retention) of soils managed under no-till (NT) and chisel-tillage (CT) systems with subsurface drainage management. Soils of the experimental site are classified as Crosby silt loam (Fine, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf; fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquall). Treatments included: NT with tile drainage (NT-D), NT with no-drainage (NT-ND), CT with drainage (CT-D), and CT with no-drainage (CT-ND). The research site has been under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) cropping system since the start of the experiment. Intact core samples (n = 36) from 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths were collected during November 2011 in three replicated plots of NT and CT systems under D and ND treatments. Results from this study showed that drainage treatments significantly influencing the relative gas diffusion (Dp/D0), is defined as the ratio of the soil gas diffusion coefficient to that in free air. The Dp/D0 for NT soils (23.1 × 10−3) were 26% higher than those for CT (18.3 × 10−3). Similarly, the ratio was 22% higher for soils under D (25.0 × 10−3) compared with those under ND (20.5 × 10−3). The tillage by drainage interaction was also significant for the Dp/D0 at the 0–10 cm depth. Corn yield was positively correlated with relative gas diffusion (R2 = 0.36). It can be concluded from this study that NT system under drainage management can improve the gas diffusivity, enhance the soil structure and increase crop yield.
Thermoregulatory, behavioral and seizure modulatory effects of AVP in the gerbil

Abstract Recent reports suggest that arginine vasopressin (AVP) may be an endogenous antipyretic peptide and a mediator of febrile convulsions [10,12]. The spontaneously seizing Mongolian gerbil was used to investigate the thermoregulatory, behavioral and seizure modulatory effects of AVP. Injection of AVP (1.0 and 5.0 μg IV and 0.01–1.0 mg/kg SC) caused dose-related falls in body temperature. Stereotypic scratching, terminated by a body shake, was observed after AVP (1.0–5.0 μg IV). However, such behavior was not observed after subcutaneous injection of AVP. AVP did not potentiate seizure induction in the gerbils but rather reduced the seizure incidence. The data demonstrate that AVP can reduce body temperature and cause specific behaviors, but it does not appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of seizures in the seizure sensitive strain of Mongolian gerbil.
The passive person as a reinforcer in isolated beagle puppies

It is concluded from the findings that the passive person is a primary reinforcer. An hypothesis concerning the post-isolation behavioral syndrome and fear of the strange or unfamiliar is proposed.
Solid-phase analysis method for (S)-[18F]fluorocarazolol and its metabolites.

Abstract (S)-[18F]Fluorocarazolol is a radiopharmaceutical developed to quantitatively assess β-adrenergic receptors in vivo via positron emission tomography imaging. Since radioactive metabolites of (S)-[18F]fluorocarazolol rapidly appear in the plasma, methods for conveniently and reliably evaluating plasma for (S)-[18F]fluorocarazolol content are required. Here we present methods and validation of an approach using commercial extraction cartridges that is faster and more convenient than an approach using internal-surface reverse-phase chromatography but yields comparable results.
Evaluation of the statistical power for multiple tests: a case study.

It is challenging to estimate the statistical power when a complicated testing strategy is used to adjust for the type-I error for multiple comparisons in a clinical trial. In this paper, we use the Bonferroni Inequality to estimate the lower bound of the statistical power assuming that test statistics are approximately normally distributed and the correlation structure among test statistics is unknown or only partially known. The method was applied to the design of a clinical study for sample size and statistical power estimation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Google Scholar coverage of a multidisciplinary field

This paper evaluates the content of Google Scholar and seven other databases (Academic Search Elite, AgeLine, ArticleFirst, GEOBASE, POPLINE, Social Sciences Abstracts, and Social Sciences Citation Index) within the multidisciplinary subject area of later-life migration. Each database is evaluated with reference to a set of 155 core articles selected in advance-the most important studies of later-life migration published from 1990 to 2000. Of the eight databases, Google Scholar indexes the greatest number of core articles (93%) and provides the most uniform publisher and date coverage. It covers 27% more core articles than the second-ranked database (SSCI) and 2.4 times as many as the lowest-ranked database (GEOBASE). At the same time, a substantial proportion of the citations provided by Google Scholar are incomplete (32%) or presented without abstracts (33%).
Dis-ease or Disease? Ontological Rarefaction in the Medical-Industrial Complex

Recent scholarship in medical humanities has expressed strong concern over the ability of pharmaceuticals companies to medicalize discomfort and subsequently invent diseases. In this article, I explore the clinical debates over the ontology of the sinus headache as a possible counter-case. Extending Foucault’s concept of principles or rarefaction, this paper documents the efforts of clinicians to resist the pharmaceutically-provided understanding of the sinus headache. In so doing, it offers institutions of rarefaction and rarefactive assemblages as useful heuristics for the exploration of disease legitimization discourse.
Application of the three-temperatue theory of gaseous ion transport

Abstract The three-temperature theory of gaseous ion transport is generalized to allow arbitrary choices for the parallel and perpendicular ion temperatures and the velocity displacement. A truncation-parametrization sheme is proposed which simplifies the numerical computation. Results obtained in this way compare favorably with exact and Monte Carlo results available for special cases. Finally, the theory is used to test a proposed interaction potential for Cs+-Ar by comparison of calculated and measured mobility and diffusion coefficients.