cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Telemetry System for Measuring Body Temperature: Circadian Rhythms of Body Temperature, Locomotor Activity and Oviposition in Chickens

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE use of biotelemetry systems permits the measurement of physiological information from unrestrained subjects. In addition, if the system is automated, then diurnal records may be taken in the absence of an investigator whose very presence will alter the results (Cain and Abbott, 1970; Cain and Wilson, 1971). The importance of telemetry for physiological rhythm studies has been reported by Miles (1962) and Essler and Folk (1961). Telemetry with birds has included respiration of a flying duck (Lord et al., 1962) and the diurnal heart rate pattern of a chicken (Sturkie, 1963). An implanted telemetry system has also been used to relate time of oviposition and ovulation to changes in body temperature in the chicken (Winget et al., 1965). Many applications of telemetry are described in reviews by Mackay (1968), Ko and Neumann (1967) and Slater (1963). A multichannel AM telemetry and multiplexing system for measuring body temperature circadian…
Do household energy expenditures affect mortgage delinquency rates

We postulate a direct role for energy prices in the 2008 financial crisis. Rising energy prices constrain consumer budgets and thereby raise mortgage delinquency rates. This hypothesis is tested by estimating a quarterly cointegrating vector autoregressive (CVAR) model that seeks to quantify the factors that influence the percentage of US mortgages that are 30 to 89 days past due and those that enter foreclosure. Results identify a long-run relationship for the percentage of US mortgages that are 30 to 89 days past due that includes the interest rate on one-year adjustable mortgages, household expenditures on energy, nominal home prices, rates of home ownership, and the fraction of mortgages 90 days or more past due that enter foreclosure—unemployment rates have a short-run effect. Together, these variables account for much of the historical variation in the percentage of US mortgages that are 30 to 89 days past due and indicate that the post 2006 rise in this measure of mortgage delinquency is associated with falling home prices, an increase in household expenditures on energy, and rising unemployment.
Nonoccupational postexposure HIV prevention: Emergency physicians' current practices, attitudes, and beliefs

Abstract Study objective We surveyed emergency physicians to determine current practices, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding nonoccupational postexposure prevention practices. Methods Two thousand randomly selected practicing emergency physicians from the American College of Emergency Physicians' national database and all graduating emergency medicine residents in 2000 were surveyed. Knowledge, role responsibility, self-efficacy, and attitudes and beliefs were measured and composite scores developed. Differences in responses between supporters and nonsupporters were compared for each category. Results Eight hundred eighty-nine responded, representing 60% (67/113) of emergency medicine residencies, 32% (347/1,095) of emergency medicine residents, and 27% (542/2,000) of emergency physicians. Responders recommend nonoccupational postexposure prevention for sexual assault (35%), unintentional needle stick (25%), and, rarely ( Conclusion Most emergency physicians surveyed agree that offering nonoccupational postexposure prevention is feasible and within their role responsibility. Establishing nonoccupational postexposure prevention protocols and providing educational programs are important first steps in changing practice.
Phase contrast alignment for all polymer optical interconnect devices

We tested feasibility of alignment process by using weak phase structure as fiducial marks imaged by a phase contrast microscope in reflection mode. The process enables fabrication of all-polymer flexible optical interconnects cables.
AW01 Blood Transfusion and Hemorrhage: Past, Present and Future

Introduction In the early years of the 19th century, James Blundell reported in the Lancet the earliest clinical application of blood transfusion for the treatment of hemorrhage. Although his initial experiments may appear to us to have burst upon the medical world, Blundell had in fact done years of pre-clinical research using animal models to establish principles to be brought to the clinic. Methods/Results Today, blood transfusion remains the cornerstone of treatment for serious bleeding – not only to restore oxygen carrying capacity but also to improve hemostasis, arrest hemorrhage, and prevent bleeding. However, the indications for transfusion with FFP or Platelets for the prevention of bleeding remain ill-defined. In particular, despite the enormous volumes of blood components transfused worldwide, the evidence that commonly used coagulation tests are reliable guides to transfusion with FFP is scant. Recent laboratory and clinical studies have provided some insights into the weaknesses of the coagulation testing as a guide to blood management. Carefully performed randomized clinical trials are needed in order to better understand how to use transfusion to arrest and prevent hemorrhage. One such trial has recently begun in the USA. In the future, improved understanding of hemostasis will likely bring about the use of new biotherapies that Blundell could not possibly have imagined. The application of genomics to hemostasis is expected to uncover genetic polymorphisms that will lead to improved diagnostics and more tailored medical therapeutics. Conclusions While such advances are anticipated, transfusion therapy remains fundamentally important as a life-saving therapy for bleeding disorders. Moreover, despite our current advanced technologies, hemorrhage during childbirth (which Blundell sought to overcome) remains a devastating problem throughout the world.
Resection of the primary tumor is appropriate for children with stage IV-S neuroblastoma: an analysis of 37 patients.

Abstract Current recommendations for treatment of children with IV-S neuroblastoma (NB) indicate that “supportive care is the cornerstone of therapy” and resection of the primary tumor is not mandated. Thepresentation and clinical management of 37 IV-S NB patients from three pediatric oncology centers were retrospectively reviewed. The 22 boys and 15 girls presented at an average age of 107 days (range, 4 to 616 days). Primary tumor sites were identified in the adrenal gland in 19 children, the thorax in 5, the retroperitoneum in 4, and 1 each in the pelvis and kidney. At the time of presentation, metastatic disease was documented in the liver (27), bone marrow (19), skin (7), and regional lymph nodes (7). Massive hepatomegaly (below the umbilicus) was demonstrated in 18 patients. Twenty-eight children (76%) have survived on average 90 months following diagnosis. Eight patients (22%) died; six of disease and two of complications of therapy (mean, 9.6 months). One child was lost to follow-up. Only 3 of the 37 patients (8%) were managed solely by supportive care and all are alive. Extirpation of the primary tumor was accomplished in 24 individuals (65%). Twenty patients underwent excision at diagnosis and four had delayed resection with few postoperative complications and no deaths related to resection. One death resulted from progression of disease in a child who had tumor removal. Chemotherapy as a single treatment or in combination with radiation was used in 10 children with three children surviving (30%). The outcome of infants less than 8 weeks of age was not statistically different from older children, and resection was accomplished in 80% of these younger patients with little postoperative morbidity and no mortality. Children with massive hepatomegaly had a poor outcome (39% survival) but survival was improved for those nine patients who underwent resection (89%). We conclude that extirpation of the primary tumor is both safe and effective in children with IV-S NB. Neither age nor hepatomegaly should preclude resection. Children with undetectable primary and extensive metastatic disease and patients with hepatomegaly complicated by coagulopathy represented high-risk individuals with a poor prognosis. Patients who have skin metastases at the time of presentation appear to be good candidates for resection alone.
Prestige in interest activity assessment

Abstract Prestige has been demonstrated to be a component in interest assessment [Tracey, T. J. G. (1997). The structure of interests and self-efficacy expectations: An expanded examination of the spherical model of interests. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 32–43; Tracey, T. J. G. (2002). Personal Globe Inventory: Measurement of the spherical model of interests and competence beliefs [Monograph]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 113–172; Tracey, T. J. G., & Rounds, J. (1996a). The spherical representation of vocational interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48, 3–41]. However, the content of prestige and thus its meaning in activity and competency preferences has not been clarified, nor has it been differentiated from alternative explanations such as sex-typing. A vector fitting procedure was utilized from theoretical and empirical approaches with samples of college students who rated each activity item from the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI; [Tracey, T. J. G. (2002). Personal Globe Inventory: Measurement of the spherical model of interests and competence beliefs [Monograph]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 113–172]) for the following content: prestige, effort required, skill required, competition involved, and female and male sex-typing. These content ratings were matched with the theoretical structure of the PGI scales in the first sample ( N = 124) and the empirical structure of the PGI items in a second sample ( N = 267). Across both approaches, the PGI prestige dimension was highly related to ratings for prestige, effort, skill, effort and skill, and competition, but unrelated to sex-typing. These results support the inclusion of prestige in interest activity assessment and also assist in its interpretation.
ICAP/3090: parallel processing for large-scale scientific and engineering problems

Described is the lCAP/3090 (for loosely coupled array of processors) parallel processing system. General parallel processing performance issues that determine the success of all multiple-instruction/multiple-data-stream parallel computing systems are examined in the context of large-scale scientific and engineering problems. Experiments with previous lCAP parallel pro-cessing systems that have made possible the present design of lCAP/3090 are also described.
The Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism rs25531 Is Associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is a frequent gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. The serotonin transporter regulates the intensity and duration of serotonin signaling in the gut and is, therefore, an attractive candidate gene for irritable bowel syndrome. Previous studies investigating the 5-HTTLPR and Stin2 VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter have proved inconclusive. In this exploratory study we therefore expanded the search for a possible association of the serotonin transporter with irritable bowel syndrome to include not only the 5-HTTLPR and Stin2 VNTR length polymorphisms, but also the functional single nucleotide polymorphism rs25531. We genotyped 186 patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 50 healthy control subjects raging in age from 18 to 70 years. Carriers of the rare G allele of rs25531 had approximately threefold increased odds of irritable bowel syndrome compared with healthy controls (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-9.6). Our findings suggest that further investigation of the possible role of the serotonin transporter in the etiology of IBS is warranted.
The Method of Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity: Application to Marital Happiness

This paper introduces and demonstrates the use of the method of Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity (GOPS). It simultaneously estimates (1) functions that describe the relations between the explanatory variables and an ordered dependent variable such as marital happiness, and (2) the selectivity function that pertains to being married. It does not presume the equality-of-slopes assumption of conventional ordered probit. The GOPS method is demonstrated for modeling marital happiness. The results are compared to those from conventional ordered probit and generalized ordered probit without selectivity.
Abstract 1244: Phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody reactivates tumor immunity and destroys tumor vasculature in mice.

The immunosuppressive lipid, phosphatidylserine (PS), becomes exposed on tumor blood vessels and tumor cells responding to therapy. The exposed PS contributes to the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment. Bavituximab is a phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting antibody that is being combined with chemotherapy in clinical trials in cancer patients. Here, we tested the hypothesis that innate immunity against cancer can be elicited by combining chemotherapy with a monoclonal antibody that indirectly binds exposed phosphatidylserine (PS). We used a murine version of bavituximab, 2aG4, plus docetaxel to treat prostate tumors in mice. Combination treatment markedly retarded tumor growth, prolonged survival times and delayed progression to androgen-independent disease. Antibody treatment reduced the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumors and caused macrophages to repolarize from the immunosuppressive, proangiogenic M2-like state into a tumoricidal M1-like state. The reactivated macrophages destroyed antibody-coated tumor vasculature and tumor cells. Addition of 2aG4 to MDSCs in vitro caused them to differentiate into M1-like macrophages and DCs. Thus, PS-targeting antibodies appear to reactivate innate immunity in tumors resulting in tumor growth inhibition. Citation Format: Yi Yin, Xianming Huang, Dan Ye, Philip Thorpe. Phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody reactivates tumor immunity and destroys tumor vasculature in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1244. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1244
A Proposed Model for the Acquisition of Social Knowledge and Social Competence.

This paper presents (a) a review of approaches to social intelligence; (b) a model of the acquisition of social knowledge; and (c) a model of the use of that social knowledge. Social intelligence is an important area receiving increasing attention. Numerous labels and descriptions have evolved to portray social intelligence. This paper highlights the importance of social knowledge exclusive of social skill or social competence. Social knowledge, defined as knowledge about oneself, as well as procedural knowledge of scripts, schemas, and prototypes, is identified as an essential component of skilled social performance. The role of environment, physiology, and information-processing factors in the acquisition and use of social knowledge are discussed. The role of social knowledge and motivation in social performance are also addressed. A case is made for the development of assessment tools to assist in the identification of social knowledge.
Homology between ricin and Ricinus communie agglutinin: Amino terminal sequence analysis and protein synthesis inhibition studies

Abstract The existence of three forms of ricin and two forms of the Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) was established using cation exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The preparation of the RCA we obtained was 60–75 times more potent than ricin in the agglutination of erythrocytes, but was about 4% as effective as an inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis. When reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol, the RCA was activated 3000-fold as an inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis, whereas ricin was activated about 600-fold by the same treatment. A mixture of the RCA A chains was about one-fifth as effective as the ricin A chain in the inhibition of cell-free protein synthesis. The purified polypeptide subunits of the castor bean lectins were subjected to automated Edman degradation. The sequence for 17 of the first 19 residues of the agglutinin A chain was determined. The first seven residues of the ricin A chain were determined and they are identical with those of the RCA A chain. Nineteen turns of Edman degradation on the RCA B chain resulted in the identification of 18 amino acids. The sequence determined for the first 17 residues of the ricin B chain was identical with that of the RCA B chain. It is likely that the identity of the ricin/RCA A and B chain sequences extends further along the polypeptide chains than the sequences we have determined. The similar structural and catalytic potentials of the RCA and ricin suggest that they bear a precursor-product relationship.
NMR spectroscopic search module for Spektraris, an online resource for plant natural product identification--Taxane diterpenoids from Taxus × media cell suspension cultures as a case study

Development and testing of Spektraris-NMR, an online spectral resource, is reported for the NMR-based structural identification of plant natural products (PNPs). Spektraris-NMR allows users to search with multiple spectra at once and returns a table with a list of hits arranged according to the goodness of fit between query data and database entries. For each hit, a link to a tabulated alignment of (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopic peaks (query versus database entry) is provided. Furthermore, full spectroscopic records and experimental meta information about each database entry can be accessed online. To test the utility of Spektraris-NMR for PNP identification, the database was populated with NMR data (total of 466 spectra) for ∼ 250 taxanes, which are structurally complex diterpenoids (including the anticancer drug taxol) commonly found in the genus Taxus. NMR data generated with metabolites purified from Taxus cell suspension cultures were then used to search Spektraris-NMR, and enabled the identification of eight taxanes with high confidence. A ninth isolated metabolite could be assigned, based on spectral searches, to a taxane skeletal class, but no high confidence hit was produced. Using various spectroscopic methods, this metabolite was characterized as 2-deacetylbaccatin IV, a novel taxane. These results indicate that Spektraris-NMR is a valuable resource for rapid and reliable identification of known metabolites and has the potential to contribute to de-replication efforts in novel PNP discovery.
Sr isotope systematics during melt generation by intrusion of basalt into continental crust

We have studied the Sr isotopic composition of partial melts of biotite granite generated experimentally and by intrusion of basalt into the Sierra Nevada Batholith. The experiments employed large, 3-cm cubes of granite to duplicate natural grain-boundary textures and were performed in air over the temperature interval 1000–1250 °C, to simulate basalt-induced wall rock and xenolith melting in the shallow crust. In both the experimental and natural analogs, fusion of plagioclase + alkali-feldspar ± quartz and biotite + plagioclase ± quartz results in the formation of colorless and brown melt (quenched to glass) respectively. Accordant with this melting behavior, brown glasses are enriched in radiogenic Sr and MgO, FeO, CaO, and TiO2 relative to colorless glasses. These results support recent studies indicating that the isotopic compositions of crustal melts can reflect the relative contributions of mineral phases entering the melt, rather than the isotopic composition of the bulk source rock. In addition, we show that at shallow-crustal conditions preferential breakdown of biotite leads to initial high-87Sr/86Sr, low-Sr concentration melts. However, as the degree of melting increases, melts become less radiogenic yet are more enriched in elemental Sr due to loss of biotite from the restite and increased consumption of feldspars. Our results therefore suggest, if partial melts of granitic crust segregate rapidly during episodic magmatic underplating, successive melt batches can evolve from high-87Sr/86Sr to low-87Sr/86Sr liquids as melting progresses.
Assessment of a veterinary dipstick for determination of urine protein/creatinine ratio in canines

The urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) is a widely used screening test of glomerular barrier function. It usually requires sending urine samples to a distant laboratory, which is costly and time consuming. A point-of-care urine dipstick that could accurately measure UPC would increase test utility and utilization. The objective of this study was to determine if there was good correlation and agreementbetween UPC as measuredby a dipstick and a laboratory analyzer.Thirty-one caninesundergoing UPC measurement as partof adiagnosticworkupwereincludedin the study.A total of2 mLof urine was collectedvia cystocentesis. Urine was applied to the dipstick then presented to two blinded reviewers to analyze. The remaining urine was submitted to a clinical pathology laboratory for analysis. UPC data from the dipsticks and the analyzer was converted into an ordinal scale. Correlation and agreement betweenthe individualreviews and the analyzer was calculated. Agreement betweenreviewers was substantial; however, correlation and agreement between the individual reviews and the analyzer was low. On the basis of this information, use of this veterinary urinary dipstick to determine UPC cannot be recommended at this time. (J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:e11–e14. DOI 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6128)
Piezoresistivity in ruthenium-based metal-insulator-metal structures

The resistance change with applied stress was measured for ruthenium-based metal–insulator–metal thick films under tensile and hydrostatic pressures over the temperature range −25 to +135 °C. The derived longitudinal, transverse, and hydrostatic piezoresistivity coefficients were corrected for elastic effects to yield the corresponding piezoresistivity coefficients and their temperature dependencies. The results clearly demonstrate for the first time a hydrostatic piezoresistivity coefficient that is sevenfold larger than the longitudinal component. Symmetry analysis is used to explain this phenomenon and to deduce additional piezoresistivity matrix elements and their degeneracy. In addition, pressure effects on electrical transport support a tunneling mechanism.
Reflections on Anonymity

Experiences of anonymity and the trends of a brief survey of research findings are discussed. It is proposed that notions and experiences of anonymity ought to be thought, taught and written about ...
Luminescence detection of cation exchange in Na3[Eu(2,6-pyridinedicar☐ylato)3]

The exchange of several other cations for the Na + ions in Na 3 [Eu(2,6-pyridinedicarboxylato) 3 ] was investigated using Eu 3+ ion luminescence spectroscopy. Monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal ions, as well as the monovalent ammonium ion, replaced the Na + ion via mass action to form various salts with the Eu(2,6-pyridinedicarboxylato) 3 3- complex anion. The detection of the cation exchange was achieved because of the sensitivity of Eu 3+ ion luminescence to the near environment of the Eu 3+ ion
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a monitor of chemotherapy in disseminated colorectal cancer

A rising CEA level is accepted as a sensitive indicator of recurrent colorectal carcinoma. In order to assess its efficacy in monitoring responses to chemotherapy in disseminated disease, 47 patients with documented metastatic colorectal cancer were studied. All had pretreatment CEA determinations and 40/47 (85%) patients had CEA levels greater than 4.0 ng/ml. Patients with hepatic metastases had the highest CEA values and none were found to have levels less than 4.0 ng/ml. Thirty patients received chemotherapy and had serial CEA determinations. 4/30 (13.3%) demonstrated probable tumor regression, 7/30 (23.3%) had stable disease, while 19/30 (63.3%) showed disease progression. CEA titers declined in all four responders, but in only one instance did the level fall to below 4.0 ng/ml and provide evidence of a tumor response not appreciated clinically. The only cytotoxic drugs effecting tumor regressions were 5-FU and 5-FUDR. CEA levels usually rose as disease progressed, but once elevated, absolute values did not correlate directly with tumor burden. The further usefulness of CEA assays in monitoring disseminated colorectal cancer awaits the development of improved chemotherapeutic agents.
Neuron loss and axon reorganization in the dentate gyrus of cats infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus.

The pathophysiological bases of cognitive, motor, and behavioral abnormalities in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) remain largely unknown. To test the possibility that changes in hippocampal neuronal structure may contribute to these neurologic abnormalities, we examined the brains of cats infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), an animal model of HIV-1 infection. We evaluated the dentate gyrus by using Timm's staining to estimate the extent of granule cell axon reorganization and by using Nissl staining, immunocytochemistry, and the optical fractionator method to estimate changes in the number of different neuronal subtypes. FIV-infected cats had abnormally high amounts of Timm's staining in the inner molecular layer and granule cell layer and loss of Nissl-stained, somatostatin-immunoreactive, and parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the hilus. An inverse correlation existed between hilar neuron numbers and extent of aberrant Timm's staining. Increased Timm's staining and hilar neuron loss occurred throughout the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. This type of neuronal loss and synaptic reorganization may provide an anatomic basis for some of the neurologic symptoms found in FIV-infected cats and HIV-infected humans. J. Comp. Neurol. 411:563–577, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
JRV: an interactive tool for data mining visualization

In this paper, we demonstrate JRV, a new data mining visualization tool for the knowledge discovery process where the user and computer can cooperate with each other. First, the computer can be instructed by the user interactively to compute values of several evaluation functions. Then, the user can take advantage of domain knowledge and assess the intermediate results obtained. Furthermore, by providing effective and efficient data visualization, the pattern recognition capacities of users can be greatly improved. Instead of being limited to two attributes at a given time in independence diagrams, this novel tool will allow simultaneous analyses of multiple attribute dependencies using four different drawing panels. Also, by utilizing the existing techniques of data visualization, we design a general model which can handle both categorical and numerical attributes in an intuitive way. With this model, we can identify patterns of interests efficiently. Through actual examples, we show that it might help users to find novel attribute relationships. This work is supported by NIH grant #RO1-CA98932-01.
An Interactive Virtual Environment for 3D Model Assembly With Video Immersion

Virtual Reality (VR) applications will become increasingly important as the need to link several locations in the product development process arises. This motivates research in advanced techniques for the visualization of remotely located participants within a computer-generated environment. This research ports an existing application, which allows the assembly of predefined objects, into a virtual environment (VE). A further extension allows the user’s hands to be filmed and superimposed onto the computer-generated VE. To create this effect, live video was combined with a projection display and the “blue-box” technique. This combination enabled the texture of the hands to be untied from the background without the effort of putting up blue walls. The image is sent over the network to a high-end graphics computer generating the VE. The knowledge gained in this research will be the basis for future work on distributed multi-user access to a shared VE.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Fluorocarbon emulsion as a blood substitute: cerebral microcirculation and related parameters.

Abstract Mice were exchange transfused with a fluorocarbon emulsion (FC-80). Their hematocrits were reduced to levels of 10–15. The survival time of these animals was significantly longer than that of control mice transfused with dextrose-saline, or saline alone, provided they were kept on 100% O2. Survival was related to the capacity of FC-80 blood, over a wide range of HCT, to carry larger amounts of oxygen than did normal blood, provided both bloods were drawn from mice breathing 100% O2. Fluorescein transit time through the cerebral microcirculation was normal or slightly accelerated in the majority of FC-80 mice. Acceleration may have been due to reduced “blood” viscosity. A relationship was found between microcirculatory viability as judged by transit time, and the continued capacity of the brain to respond to anoxia with a rise in NADH. Thus all mice with normal or reduced transit times displayed reversible increases in brain NADH levels when they were rendered anoxic while a small group of mice with prolonged fluorescein transit, tended to display NADH levels which failed to rise when O2 was reduced in the inspired air. Many FC-80 mice displayed reversible decreases in brain PO2 levels when inspired O2 was reduced. Pentylenetetrazol activated the EEG of FC-80 mice. The EEG activity was reversibly reduced when the animals were briefly exposed to room air or N2. These data suggest that fluorocarbon emulsions can support brain microcirculation, oxygenation and electrical activity in vivo, a result which is consonant with the observations of others who have performed in vitro experiments, or observed long-term survival.
A Collaboration Among Health Sciences Schools to Enhance Faculty Development in Teaching

Those involved in providing faculty development may be among only a few individuals for whom faculty development is an interest and priority within their work setting. Furthermore, funding to support faculty development is limited. In 2010, an interprofessional, self-formed, faculty learning community on faculty development in teaching was established to promote collaboration on faculty development initiatives that have transference to faculty members across disciplines and to share expertise and resources for wider impact. The organic structure and processes of the faculty learning community created an environment that has not only resulted in an increased offering of faculty development opportunities and resources across the health science campus, but has created a rich environment that combines the knowledge, innovation, and experience to promote collaborative efforts that benefit all. The background, structure, processes, successes, and lessons learned of the interprofessional faculty learning community on faculty development in teaching are described.
Resolution of Acquired Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations in a Patient with Total Anomalous Systemic Venous Return

An 11-year-old male with total anomalous systemic venous return had surgical repair except for the hepatic venous return, which drained to the left atrium. He developed progressive cyanosis and fatigue and was diagnosed with large pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) during cardiac catheterization with the use of bubble contrast echocardiography. After surgical redirection of hepatic venous flow to the right heart and pulmonary arterial system, resolution of these PAVMs was demonstrated clinically and by contrast echocardiography. This unique case report demonstrates the development of PAVMs with exclusion of hepatic venous return through the pulmonary vascular bed while pulsatile pulmonary blood flow remains intact. It reinforces the likelihood of the absence of an as yet unidentified hepatic vasoactive substance as the source for development of PAVMs.
Providing End-Organ Protection With Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibition: The Evidence So Far

Much debate surrounds the question of the optimal therapeutic choices for medication to control blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular events. Experimental evidence suggests that drugs that block the renin-angiotensin system retard vascular disease through their direct ability to antagonize the effects of angiotensin II, which has vasoconstrictive, vascular proliferative, and atherosclerotic effects. It is not known how to separate the potential vascular protective effects of the drugs from their antihypertensive benefits. Clinical trial evidence indicates that achieved lower blood pressure goals almost always confer cardiovascular risk reduction advantages. There is also evidence, however, that successful antihypertensive regimens incorporating a renin-angiotensin system blocker, such as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker, provide more cardiovascular risk reduction benefit compared with regimens that do not incorporate a renin-angiotensin blocker. This includes composite or specific end points involving reduction of stroke, myocardial infarction, or development of end-stage renal disease.
Neuroendocrine peptides (NPY, GRP, VIP, somatostatin) from the brain and stomach of the alligator.

Abstract Despite the important position of the reptiles in phylogeny, relatively few regulatory peptides from reptilian species have been characterized structurally. Neuropeptide Y was isolated from the brain of the alligator, Alligator mississippiensis , and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), its COOH-terminal decapeptide (GRP-10), and somatostatin-14 were isolated from the alligator stomach. The primary structures of NPY and somatostatin-14 are the same as the corresponding peptides from the human, whereas alligator VIP is identical to chicken VIP. The amino acid sequence of GRP (Ala-Pro-Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala 10 -Pro-Leu-Ala-Lys-Ile-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Gly-Ser 20 -His-Trp-Ala-Val- Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH 2 ) contains an additional residue and six substitutions compared with chicken GRP, but alligator GRP-10 is the same as chicken GRP-10. Bombesin was not detected in the stomach extract. The data confirm that evolutionary pressure to conserve the amino acid sequence of NPY and somatostatin-14 has been very strong but demonstrate that pressure to conserve the complete primary structure of GRP has been less than that for other neuroendocrine peptides. The identity of chicken and alligator VIP is consistent with the known close phylogenetic relationship between crocodilians and birds.
Aerosol and Rayleigh radiance contributions to coastal zone color scanner images

Abstract Computation of phytoplankton pigment concentrations from the radiances received by the coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) is a complicated process. Water-leaving radiance, a small portion of the total signal, controls the pigment content, but fully 80–90 per cent of the total radiance is due to Rayleigh and aerosol scattering. These effects must be accurately modelled if reasonable pigment concentrations are to be computed. Rayleigh radiance is relatively easy to determine from either single or multiple scattering algorithms. Several examples of the effects of single versus multiple Rayleigh scattering on pigment content are given. The aerosol component varies both spatially and temporally and is poorly determined. Historically, the ratios of aerosol radiance in channels 1–3 to that in channel 4 have been assumed to be constant for an entire image. The proportionality constants are found by assuming values of water-leaving radiance for low pigment waters and theoretically should be independent of ...
Hobby-Eberly Telescope: a progress report

The Hobby-Eberly Telescope, nearing completion at McDonald Observatory in west Texas is an optical Arecibo-type telescope utilizing an 11-meter primary mirror and a 9.2-meter effective aperture. Innovative approaches have been employed to provide this large modern telescope at a total cost of $13.5 million. A joint project of the University of Texas, The Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, the University of Munich, and the University of Goettingen, the telescope will be completed in mid 1997. First light is expected in mid 1996.
Geochronological constraints on the magmatic, metamorphic and thermal evolution of the Connemara Caledonides, western Ireland

The Connemara region of the western Irish Caledonides records the evolution of a short-lived mid-Ordovician (c. 475–463 Ma) continental magmatic arc that intruded into Dalradian metasedimentary rocks during regional ductile deformation. New U-Pb geochronological data for intermediate intrusive phases and anatexis in southern Connemara are consistent with the relative age succession suggested by field relationships. Calc-alkaline plutons (quartz diorites) were emplaced into the Dalradian sequence and into the Connemara Gabbros at about 467 ± 2 Ma, coeval with anatexis, which was manifested by a 467 ± 2 Ma granitic pegmatite and 468 ± 2 Ma leucosome formation in a metapelite. Metasomatic diopside rocks from west-central Connemara and a calcsilicate rock from southern Connemara yield U-Pb titanite dates of c. 462 ± 2 Ma and 463 ± 2 Ma, respectively. These dates postdate the metamorphic peak by at least five million years and indicate titanite crystallization at a late stage during the metamorphic history. On the basis of U-Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronological data we conclude that the cooling history of southern Connemara following anatexis was simple and brief, at a minimum rate of 35°C Ma" 1 between 468 and 460 Ma, and 14°C Ma -1 between 460 and 450 Ma.
Transmission System Harmonic Benchmarking And Statistical Analysis With Field Data

This paper presents statistical benchmarking results of voltage harmonics in electric power transmission systems at 161 KV and above utilizing field data obtained from a large utility system. The voltage harmonic levels during each month and season for more than one hundred monitored sites are obtained. The correlation between load and harmonic levels are analyzed. Possible resonance frequency due to shunt capacitor banks is also calculated. The benchmarking results may provide useful information for understanding the statistical properties of harmonics.
The effect of cocaine and amphetamines on vital signs in trauma patients

The object of this study was to determine if the presence of sympathomimetics (cocaine, benzoylecgonine, or amphetamine), detected by routine urine toxicology screen, affect the initial presenting pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, or level of consciousness in trauma patients. A retrospective chart review was performed on 1,679 patients enrolled in an urban level 1 trauma registry between October 1987, and July 1992, for whom complete toxicology data were available. There were no clinically significant differences in the vital signs of patients with positive toxicology screens and those with negative screens. There was a statistically significant increase in prehospital respiratory rate among patients with benzoylecgonine or amphetamines on admission toxicology screens when potential confounding factors were controlled. However, these effects disappeared upon arrival at the hospital. The detection of sympathomimetics by toxicology screening had no effect on pulse and systolic blood pressure when age, sex, mechanism, type, and severity of injury, prehospital IV fluid volume, and alcohol intoxication were controlled.
Analog signal-selector circuit for quick gas detection from gas-sensor arrays

A Sixteen Input Maximum/Minimum Analog signal-selector Circuit (SIMMAC) is designed, simulated, and implemented using 2 /spl mu/m p-well (Orbit) CMOS technology. The circuit is useful in recognition of gas types from measurements of thin-film gas-sensor arrays. The output signal of each thin-film gas detector is typically a function of bias voltages, temperature and pressure, film type, frequency, and gas type. Gas sensor arrays provide profiles of resistivity vs. temperature, for a particular PPM, and/or profiles of resistivity vs. pressure at a particular temperature. Since different chemical gas types have peak resistivity values at a certain temperature and a certain pressure, a selector circuit is needed to identify chemical gas components. The SIMMAC design is based on a multiple-input current comparator median circuit. Simulation results gave an accuracy of better than 94% with analog input signal values from 1.6 to 3.6 V. The SIMMAC is suitable for gas detection from a sensor-array of up to 16-elements with known models and negligible signal distortion. Further, it may be used as a post processor to select the winning synapse in an unsupervised neural network for pattern recognition with distorted and unidentified models of gas mixtures.
Anergy and not Clonal Ignorance Determines the Fate of B Cells that Recognize a Physiological Autoantigen

Autoantibodies to insulin arise spontaneously in the insulin autoimmune syndrome and in type I diabetes. In addition, administration of insulin to individuals without autoimmune disease routinely results in Abs that bind autologous hormone. These observations and findings in transgenic models of tolerance led to an inference that physiological levels of hormones and growth factors, such as insulin, are not sufficient to induce tolerance in B cells, a state termed clonal ignorance. In contrast, we have discovered that virtually all conventional B cells expressing a low affinity anti-insulin transgene interact with endogenous insulin and are effectively silenced for Ig production and for T cell-dependent immune responses. A fraction of transgenic B cells escapes silencing and functions autonomously to produce insulin Abs that may lower fasting blood sugars similar to an insulin autoimmune syndrome. These B cells have characteristics of a B1-like subset and are depleted by hypotonic peritoneal lysis. These findings question the concept of clonal ignorance and show that physiological concentrations of Ag may effectively silence conventional B cells even when the affinity for autoantigen is low. Self-reactivity may arise in the repertoire because of compartmental differences that govern the fate of B cells and not as a result of true clonal ignorance.
Limited Preemption in Real-Time Scheduling

IT CAN BE SHOWN THAT PRIORITY LIST SCHEDULING CONSIDERING LIMITED PREEMPTION IS STILL SUBJECT TO SCHEDULING INSTABILITIES, WHERE DEADLINES MAY BE MISSED AS THE RESULT OF SHORTENING RUN-TIME. TOGETHER WITH EXISTING METHODS ADDRESSING DYNAMIC TASK INCLUSION, THIS MODEL PRESENTS A LOW-OVERHEAD SCHEDULING SOLUTION TO HARD REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS SENSITIVE TO TASK RESPONSE TIMES.
Understanding the pulse-to-pulse evolution of microbubble clouds using light scattering

Measurements of the dynamical response of ultrasound contrast agents to diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound pulses have been accomplished with light scattering. Light-scattering can be used to resolve the instantaneous motion of single microbubbles and provide information about the bubble evolution over many acoustic cycles. We applied this same technique to monitor the evolution of clouds of Optison microbubbles subjected to pulsed ultrasound from a diagnostic ultrasound system. Bubble oscillations were measured by focusing a 30-mW laser beam through the suspension. At low MI settings, bubble oscillations were relatively linear. In some cases, we observed an increase in the background light scatter amplitude, suggesting that bubble coalescence or gas diffusion occurred. At higher MI settings, the motion was nonlinear. Bubble fragmentation could be observed as the background light scattered signal decreased significantly from pulse to pulse.
Contrasting early and late Mesozoic petrotectonic evolution of northern California

Devonian–Middle Jurassic terrane assemblies in the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada Foothills consist chiefly of ophiolite-chert-argillite sequences. Mafic-ultramafic complexes are oceanic, whereas associated fine-grained deep-water terrigenous sediments were derived mainly from adjacent, previously docked Klamath-Sierran terranes. Coeval calc-alkaline arc rocks are volumetrically rare. Geologic and petrochemical relations suggest a rifted arc origin for Klamath mafic metavolcanic units inter-layered with distal turbidites in the 170–200 Ma North Fork terrane; detrital zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the clastic debris had a regional eastern Klamath source. The Eastern Hayfork cherty melange contains ophiolitic scraps and distinctive olistostromal sandstone blocks evidently derived from the nearby Eastern Klamath Antelope Mountain Quartzite. The seaward 200 Ma Rattlesnake Creek terrane is an ophiolitic melange with North Fork petrotectonic affinities. The North Fork–Eastern Hayfork–Rattlesnake Creek amalgam correlates with the Calaveras Complex and the outboard Jura-Triassic arc belt in the Sierran Foothills. Geochemical bulk-rock and zircon U-Pb age data support interpretation of the 200 Ma Jura-Triassic arc as an adjacent offshore mafic belt overlying a 300 Ma ophiolitic basement. These oceanic complexes were sutured against the Central Metamorphic Belt–Eastern Klamath–Feather River–Northern Sierra terrane backstop before deposition and deformation of the outboard Upper Jurassic Galice and Mariposa formations. Klamath-Sierran terrane assemblies reflect ∼230 m.y. of transpression-transtension involving only minor episodes of subduction, producing ubiquitous ophiolite-chert-argillite lithologies and rare felsic arc rocks. In contrast, the Late Jurassic to largely Cretaceous Klamath–Sierra Nevada quartzo-feldspathic volcanic-plutonic arc attests to massive calc-alkaline magmatism attending a strong eastward component of underflow by the Farallon plate. The coeval Galice-Mariposa formations, followed by the Cretaceous Great Valley forearc and Franciscan trench deposits, are first-cycle felsic debris shed mainly from the Klamath-Sierran arc. These units record ∼70 m.y. of rapid sialic crustal growth attending major periods of approximately margin-normal convergence. This profound transition in northern California included Devonian–Middle Jurassic rifting, drifting, and stranding of ophiolite-chert-argillite terranes along an adjacent curvilinear continental margin, then nearly head-on Cretaceous subduction that resulted in massive calc-alkaline igneous activity, the erosion of which generated the felsic Great Valley Group forearc basin and Franciscan Complex trench clastic sedimentary units.