cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
T Antigens of Simian Virus 40: Molecular Chaperones for Viral Replication and Tumorigenesis

Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a small DNA tumor virus that has been extensively characterized due to its relatively simple genetic organization and the ease with which its genome is manipulated. The large and small tumor antigens (T antigens) are the major regulatory proteins encoded by SV40. Large T antigen is responsible for both viral and cellular transcriptional regulation, virion assembly, viral DNA replication, and alteration of the cell cycle. Deciphering how a single protein can perform such numerous and diverse functions has remained elusive. Recently it was established that the SV40 T antigens, including large T antigen, are molecular chaperones, each with a functioning DnaJ domain. The molecular chaperones were originally identified as bacterial genes essential for bacteriophage growth and have since been shown to be conserved in eukaryotes, participating in an array of both viral and cellular processes. This review discusses the mechanisms of DnaJ/Hsc70 interactions and how they are used by T antigen to control viral replication and tumorigenesis. The use of the DnaJ/Hsc70 system by SV40 and other viruses suggests an important role for these molecular chaperones in the regulation of the mammalian cell cycle and sheds light on the enigmatic SV40 T antigen—a most amazing molecule.
p38 MAPK plays a role in IL-4 synthesis in jacalin plus CD28-stimulated CD4+ T cells—II

We have previously shown that jacalin, a CD4+ T cell lectin, induces phosphorylation of intracellular events, moderate levels of interleukin (IL)-2 secretion. We have also shown that in the presence of CD28 costimulation, jacalin induces IL-4 secretion. In the present study, we showed that stimulation of normal CD4+ T cells with jacalin plus CD28 cross-linking (CD28XL) resulted in phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 and expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, which were inhibited significantly when cells were cultured in the presence of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580. We further generated jacalin-induced CD4+ T cell blasts, examined the effects of CD28XL, and observed enhanced up-regulation of p38 and activation of STAT-6, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Engagement of CD28 alone induced a marked degree of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and IL-4 secretion in memory T cells (jacalin blasts), whereas in naive T cells, jacalin plus CD28XL was required to induce these molecules. Incubation of cells with p38 inhibitor prior to CD28XL resulted in down-modulation of all these molecules. Further treatment with IL-4 has not reversed this trend. Our studies imply that p38 MAPK may play an important role in induction of these molecules and a putative role in protecting cells from undergoing apoptosis.
Scheduling algorithms for effective thread pairing on hybrid multiprocessors

With the latest high-end computing nodes combining shared-memory multiprocessing with hardware multithreading, new scheduling policies are necessary for workloads consisting of multithreaded applications. The use of hybrid multiprocessors presents schedulers with the problem of job pairing, i.e. deciding which specific jobs can share each processor with minimum performance penalty, by running on different execution contexts. Therefore, scheduling policies are expected to decide not only which job mix will execute simultaneously across the processors, but also which jobs can be combined within each processor. This paper addresses the problem by introducing new scheduling policies that use run-time performance information to identify the best mix of threads to run across processors and within each processor. Scheduling of threads across processors is driven by the memory bandwidth utilization of the threads, whereas scheduling of threads within processors is driven by one of three metrics: bus transaction rate per thread, stall cycle rate per thread, or outermost level cache miss rate per thread. We have implemented and experimentally evaluated these policies on a real multiprocessor server with Intel Hyperthreaded processors. The policy using bus transaction rate for thread pairing achieves an average 13.4% and a maximum 28.7% performance improvement over the Linux scheduler. The policy using stall cycle rate for thread pairing achieves an average 9.5% and a maximum 18.8% performance improvement. The average and maximum performance gains of the policy using cache miss rate for thread pairing are 7.2% and 23.6% respectively.
Incentive sensitization by previous amphetamine exposure: increased cue-triggered "wanting" for sucrose reward.

We reported previously that an amphetamine microinjection into the nucleus accumbens enables Pavlovian reward cues in a conditioned incentive paradigm to trigger excessive instrumental pursuit. Here we show that sensitization caused by previous amphetamine administration also causes reward cues to trigger excessive pursuit of their associated reward, even when sensitized rats are tested in a drug-free state. Rats learned to lever press for sucrose pellets, and they separately learned to associate sucrose pellets with Pavlovian cues (30 sec auditory cues). Amphetamine sensitization was induced by six daily injections of amphetamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.; controls received saline). Rats were tested for lever pressing under extinction conditions 10 d later, after a bilateral microinjection of intra-accumbens vehicle or amphetamine (5 microg/0.5 microl per side). Cue-triggered pursuit of sucrose reward was assessed by increases in pressing on the sucrose-associated lever during intermittent presentations of a free conditioned stimulus (CS+) sucrose cue. Sensitized rats pressed at normal levels during baseline and during the CS-, but the CS+ triggered 100% greater increases in pressing from sensitized rats than from control rats after vehicle microinjection. Sensitization therefore enhanced the incentive salience attributed to the CS+ even when rats were tested while drug-free. For control rats, a microinjection of intra-accumbens amphetamine was needed to produce the same enhancement of cue-triggered reward "wanting." The amphetamine microinjection also interacted synergistically in sensitized rats to produce intrusive cue-triggered pursuit behaviors (e.g., investigatory sniffing) that interfered with goal-directed lever pressing. These results support the incentive-sensitization theory postulate that sensitization causes excessive cue-triggered "wanting" for an associated reward.
A little perspective, please

It is a common failing of most of us to remember only that which was pleasant, and forget that which was unpleasant. We also tend to think of the past as a “golden age,” without taking the time to test that assumption. Critics apparently are no exception to these rules. Dr. Richard Lawson, who did bother to check, is associate professor in the radio‐TV‐film area of the Department of Communication Arts in the University of Wisconsin.
Into the wilderness within

Levin et al. deliver a sweeping lecture on the state of nature and society. They point out that economic and ecological systems are linked, this linkage is complex, and that in the litany of environmental disasters that awaits us ‘none can be treated by traditional markets, or regulatory policies.’ Markets fail because they do not aggregate information accurately; corrective policies fail too because lobbying efforts serve to polarize rather than galvanize public debate. Policymakers, social planners, and researchers are asked to rethink their typical conduct, and instead focus on the construction of flexible and adaptive institutions that can accommodate the uncertain future in a way that maintains human welfare. Trust and intellectual guidance are the ties that bind a better world to these undefined, but resilient new institutions.
Planning for the Future of the Pontchartrain Coast

Abstract There have been many plans developed by governmental agencies to restore the coastal landscape in the Pontchartrain Basin. This article traces the development of coastal restoration planning in Louisiana and highlights the elements of three state and federal plans that have been developed in the last decade. While some specifics have changed, the fundamental approaches on which the plans are based largely remain the same: diversions of Mississippi River water and sediment, marsh creation using material dredged from another location, and shoreline protection. All plans accept that change is inevitable at the coast but more recent plans are less constrained by the impacts of these changes on local populations. Rather they anticipate adjustment and change within communities as well. Questions remain as to whether these measures will be enough in the face of the great uncertainty the twenty-first century holds and how science will be applied to support implementation.
Differential geometry and the red blood cell

The usual mathematical expressions for the shape of the red blood cell, whether in rectangular or polar coordinates, are very complicated and difficult to use analytically. We have found that by using parametric equations and Jacobean elliptic functions to describe the cell things are much easier. The usual differential geometric concepts can be adapted to find interesting new formulas for ideas like Fick's Law, etc. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toward a Process-Based Approach of Conceptualizing Change Readiness

Establishing change readiness may be one of the key factors in determining whether a given change intervention will ultimately be successful or not. Unfortunately, there is a good deal of conceptua...
Comparison of Bumetanide- and Metolazone-Based Diuretic Regimens to Furosemide in Acute Heart Failure

Introduction: Limited data exist comparing the efficacy and safety of bumetanide- or metolazone-based diuretic regimens to furosemide in acute heart failure (HF). Our purpose was to evaluate the comparative effect on urine output (UO) and renal function between these regimens.Methods: A retrospective study of hospitalized HF patients treated with continuous infusion furosemide (CIF), combination furosemide plus metolazone (F + M), or continuous infusion bumetanide (CIB). Primary end points were between regimen comparisons for change in mean hourly UO versus baseline and incidence of worsening renal function.Results: Data on 242 patients with acute HF (age 58 ± 12 years, 63% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 38% ± 17%) were analyzed (160 CIF, 42 F + M, 40 CIB). The mean duration of diuretic regimens was 41 ± 32 hours. Compared to baseline, all regimens increased mean hourly UO (P < .0001 for all), with greater increases with F + M (109 ± 171 mL) and CIB (90 ± 90 mL) compared to CIF (48 ± 103 mL; P =...
Intraoperative radiation therapy in the multimodality approach to hepatobiliary tract cancer

IOERT is a reasonable option to consider in patients who have biliary tract cancers above AJCC or Bismuth stage I disease. Inherent resistance of biliary tract cancer cells to ionizing radiation would indicate that IOERT alone would not eradicate most of the tumor clonagen. EBRT (either preoperatively or postoperatively) should be used in combination with IOERT at experienced institutions that have access to both modalities. The single IOERT dose ranges are 10 to 20 Gy [55,67], whereas the EBRT dose ranges from 45 to 50 Gy in 25 to 28 fractions [67]. The most common energy level used is 8 MeV or less. In addition, IOERT port sizes of less than 6 cm in diameter, and often 4 cm or less, are recommended. Finally, intraoperative reconstruction of severely damaged blood vessels may decrease the clinical manifestation of radiation-induced injury to vessels [68].
Nutritional status and body composition in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A cross-sectional examination of disease severity and quality of life

Nutritional and body weight recommendations for cardiovascular diseases are well established, yet there are no equivalent guidelines for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This cross-sectional study measured the prevalence of cardiovascular-related nutritional and body composition risk factors in sixty PAD patients and their association with PAD severity. A diet that exceeds daily recommended intake of fat and that falls short of recommended intakes of fiber, folate, and vitamin D was associated with increased leg pain and walking difficulty. Increased body fat and waist circumference were associated with diminished walking ability and poorer psychosocial quality of life. Future prospective investigations are merited to inform both PAD clinical care and disease management guidelines.
Impact of stability on the atmospheric boundary layer

We present an investigation of the impact of stability in a coastal environment's wind resource estimate. The site, near Cape Hatteras, is interesting because of its proximity to an open sound condition to the north and west, as well as its oceanic boundary to the south and east. Early exploration of wind profiles collected during 2012–2014 from the surface to 200 m with a Scintec XFAS SODAR wind profiler revealed distinct characteristics unique to winds coming from the sound, as compared to those coming from the ocean. “Steady-state” cases were defined in order to examine time periods where the winds might be more readily compared with simple theory. While wind profile cases from the sound exhibited low level shear that reached a constant wind speed within instrument height, the oceanic profiles were characterized by shears higher in both magnitude and elevation that had not yet reached their maximum at 200 m. Although this feature of the oceanic profiles is typical of a stably stratified wind regime, further study of the environmental conditions affecting each case was necessary to determine the specific impact of the stability on the profiles.
Congressional Testimony on H.R. 2533: 'The Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act of 2011'

This testimony is from a hearing of the House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law on reforming the venue laws applicable to chapter 11 bankruptcy cases. This brief testimony adds three distinctive elements to the scholarly debates about corporate bankruptcy venue that will be developed in future scholarship. First, the current bankruptcy venue laws are an aberration from federal venue principles. Second, place of incorporation - a criterion deemed quite important to defenders of current chapter 11 venue laws - bears little or no weight in forum selection by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, another complex litigation setting. Third, the procedural justice literature offers important insights about what is at stake when corporate reorganizations routinely take place far away from the people deeply affected by them.
Assessing climatic and nonclimatic forcing of Pinedale glaciation and deglaciation in the western United States

New 10 Be surface exposure ages from adjacent valleys in the upper Arkansas River basin, Colorado (United States), indicate that Pinedale maxima culminated asynchronously at 22.4 ± 1.4, 19.2 ± 0.2, 17.8 ± 0.6, and 15.8 ± 0.4 ka, but that deglaciation initiated synchronously between ca. 16 and 15 ka. These data are combined with published glacial chronologies across the western United States, and indicate that although the ages of Pinedale terminal moraines vary within individual ranges as well as regionally, most western United States glaciers remained near their Pinedale termini until ca. 16 ka, at which time widespread deglaciation commenced. We hypothesize that the near-synchronous demise of glaciers across the western U.S. between ca. 15 and ca. 13 ka was driven by the first major Northern Hemisphere warming following the Last Glacial Maximum, but that some differences in Pinedale culmination ages can be explained by nonclimatic factors intrinsic to individual valleys. These results suggest the need for caution in focusing exclusively on climate forcings to explain apparent asynchrony in Pinedale maxima.
SWAD: Inherent Photon Counting Performance of Amorphous Selenium Multi-well Avalanche Detector

Photon counting detectors (PCDs) have the potential to improve x-ray imaging, however they are still hindered by several performance limitations and high production cost. By using amorphous Selenium (a-Se) the cost of PCDs can be significantly reduced compared to crystalline materials and enable large area detector fabrication. To overcome the problem of low carrier mobility and low charge conversion gain in a-Se, we are developing a novel direct conversion a- Se field-Shaping multi-Well Avalanche Detector (SWAD). SWAD circumvents the charge transport limitation by using a Frisch grid built within the readout circuit, reducing charge collection time to ~200 ns. Field shaping permits depth independent avalanche gain in wells, resulting in total conversion gain that is comparable to Si and CdTe. In the present work we investigate the effects of charge sharing and energy loss to understand the inherent photon counting performance for SWAD at x-ray energies used in breast imaging applications (20-50keV). The energy deposition profile for each interacting x-ray was determined with Monte Carlo simulation. For the energy ranges we are interested in, photoelectric interaction dominates, with a k-fluorescence yield of approximately 60%. Using a monoenergetic 45 keV beam incident on a target pixel in 400um of a-Se, our results show that only 20.42 % and 22.4 % of primary interacting photons have kfluorescence emissions which escape the target pixel for 100um and 85um pixel sizes respectively, demonstrating SWAD’s potential for high spatial resolution applications.
Studies on propagation of the Col SK group of viruses in various tissue culture media.

Summary and conclusionsResults of a comparative study of the cell responses induced by several strains of the Col SK group of viruses in various tissue culture substrates are reported. L cells, HeLa cells and KB cells supported cytopathogenic growth of EMC and of Mengo virus, F virus grew only on L cells, and Col SK and MM viruses failed to grow in any of the 3 substrates. HeLa tissue cultures inoculated with EMC virus, in remote serial passage, were infectious for HeLa cells and for mice at an ID50 of about 105 per 1 cc of culture fluid and had a hemagglutinating titer of between 1:2 and 1:4. Data permitting the establishment of a growth curve of EMC tissue culture virus on HeLa cells are submitted.
Plastic Deformation of Ti3Al and Ti3Al/TiA1 Polycrystals

Samples of polycrystalline Ti3Al-base alloys, and a two phase Ti3Al/TiAl mixture have been deformed at room temperature and at elevated temperatures and examined subsequently by transmission electron microscopy in order to determine the influence of temperature and alloy content on the relative activity of the various slip systems. In particular, the detailed influence of covalent bonding on dislocation mobility in Ti3Al has been identified.
Direct Injury From Arthropods

This is the second article in a continuing education series about arthropods. The first article familiarized the reader with characteristics of medically important arthropods. This article focuses on how arthropods directly impact human health via bites, stings, myiasis, blistering, stains, and burns. Only a small percentage of the ill effects caused by direct injury are serious. Pharmacological agents in venom cause painful reactions from stings. A human’s reaction to a bite is generally the immune system’s response to salivary secretions. Myiasis is mostly accidental in the United States, but it is not altogether uncommon. Blister beetles may cause blisters by releasing cantharidin onto the victim’s skin. Proper identification is critical in the treatment of spider bites, scorpion stings, or cases of myiasis.
Modern management of malignant pleural mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a deadly disease that produces a significant worldwide health care burden. The majority of cases are associated with prior asbestos exposure, but recent studies have identified a possible genetic predisposition in a minority of patients. Historically, obtaining a pathologic diagnosis of MPM was challenging, but with current pathological techniques, a secure diagnosis is possible in the majority of patients. Curative therapy for MPM remains elusive, and the primary treatment option for fit patients is platinum-based chemotherapy. Encouraging recent reports suggest that there may be a benefit to the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy as well as with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in MPM. Selected patients may be considered for aggressive surgical approaches, but there is considerable controversy regarding the true benefit of surgery and multimodality therapy in this disease.
Romeo, Juliet, and Statutory Rape:

Statutory rape is an important yet understudied topic. There is broad public support for the prosecution of older adults who engage in sexual relationships with minors regardless of perceptions of consent by either party. However, some scholars worry that expansive definitions within these laws have led to the widespread involvement of the justice system in the lives of similarly aged teenagers engaging in relatively normal sexual behavior, so called "Romeo and Juliet" liaisons. This, in turn, has called into question the legitimacy of national policies, such as sex offender registration, because of the presumption that registries are likely filled with these kinds of cases which may not represent the intent of legislatures and the public. Despite the importance of these debates, there is little research assessing the prevalence of Romeo and Juliet cases in official crime statistics or that analyze differences in characteristics of statutory rape as a function of victim-offender age differences. Drawing on more than 20 years of police data from over 6,000 police departments in the United States, this study found statutory rape cases were rare and Romeo and Juliet cases were even rarer. Multivariate models showed several distinctions between statutory rape cases as a function of the age differences between victim and offender. Of note, the odds that additional forms of sexual aggression occurred in the incident grew as the age difference expanded.
Refrigeration, Freezing, and Cold Chain

The vapor compression refrigeration system and properties of refrigerants, such as ammonia and Freon (R-12) are focused on in this chapter. It discusses the conversion of pressure values obtained from a pressure gauge into temperatures, determining the pressure–temperature relation for ammonia—widely used as a refrigerant in mechanical vapor compression refrigeration systems. In designing refrigeration systems, it is often necessary to determine the pressure–enthalpy data for a given refrigerant. The efficiency of a vapor compression refrigeration system is evaluated by calculating its coefficient of performance. In this chapter, the mathematical relationships describing pressure–enthalpy data for ammonia are programmed into a worksheet. Also, a worksheet is shown that will assist in evaluating the performance of refrigeration systems that utilize Freon (R-12). Quality attributes in foods during storage and distribution are largely influenced by the ambient temperature and time. Freezing times in foods are commonly predicted using Plank's equation, chiefly to determine the freezing time of a spherical-shaped food and the influence of changing the transport and distribution time on the quality of food.
Appendix A: The Amazon Item Search Implementation in JML

This appendix contains the Java Modeling Language (JML) version of ItemSeach data model and data contract presented in the book. JML annotations are appended to java code as comments proceeded by the at-sign (@). JML uses a requires clause to specify the client’s obligation (pre-conditions) and an ensures clause to specify the implementer’s obligation (post-conditions). The \result variable denotes the output of a method. A complete reference of the JML syntax can be found in [62].
A Fashionable Curiosity: Claudius Ptolemy’s ‘Desire for Knowledge’ in Literary Context

This article examines in detail the second-century CE polymath Claudius Ptolemy’s expression of the ‘desire for knowledge’, situating it against a wider backdrop of similar expressions in the Greek textual tradition. I argue that in his expression, Ptolemy creatively alludes to Plato’s Phaedrus, a practice that, surprisingly, here ties his work more closely to contemporary oratory and the ‘novel’ than to generic precursors in the exact sciences. The piece thus demonstrates how an author in the highly formalized genre of mathematics employs specific textual strategies held in common with his wider, contemporary literary culture.
The emerging biology of RNA post-transcriptional modifications

RNA modifications have long been known to be central in the proper function of tRNA and rRNA. While chemical modifications in mRNA were discovered decades ago, their function has remained largely mysterious until recently. Using enrichment strategies coupled to next generation sequencing, multiple modifications have now been mapped on a transcriptome-wide scale in a variety of contexts. We now know that RNA modifications influence cell biology by many different mechanisms - by influencing RNA structure, by tuning interactions within the ribosome, and by recruiting specific binding proteins that intersect with other signaling pathways. They are also dynamic, changing in distribution or level in response to stresses such as heat shock and nutrient deprivation. Here, we provide an overview of recent themes that have emerged from the substantial progress that has been made in our understanding of chemical modifications across many major RNA classes in eukaryotes.
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Biology in the Zebrafish.

Over the past decade, the development of forward genetic approaches in the zebrafish system has provided unprecedented power in understanding the molecular basis of vertebrate blood development. Establishment of cellular and hematological approaches to better understand the biology of resulting blood mutants, however, has lagged behind these efforts. We have recently developed the means to identify zebrafish hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), transgenic lines to mark hematopoietic precursors and their progeny, and the assays to test these populations functionally. Like other vertebrates, zebrafish demonstrate differential waves of hematopoiesis during embryogenesis. These waves can be visualized directly by fluorescent transgenesis in living embryos. The earliest blood-forming cells in the zebrafish embryo express the scl and lmo2 genes. By directing expression of GFP to early blood precursors using the lmo2 promoter, we have isolated early hematopoietic cells by flow cytometry and tested them functionally by transplantation. Transplantation of lmo2::GFP+ cells isolated from embryos at 14 hours post-fertilization (hpf) resulted in only transient reconstitution of erythrocytes, suggesting that the earliest identifiable blood-forming cells are committed to the erythroid lineage. Later in embryogenesis, lmo2:GFP+ GATA-1:dsRED+ cells are found in the posterior blood island (PBI) from approximately 30–60 hpf. Molecular and functional characterization of these cells suggests that they possess limited myeloid and erythroid, but not lymphoid differentiation potentials. This suggests that committed progenitors with definitive hematopoietic potential arise in the embryo before HSCs can be identified. Additional studies have suggested that the first multipotent HSCs are born later in the zebrafish aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) region. We have visualized putative HSCs in the AGM by their expression of the lmo2 and cd41 transgenes. Using confocal timelapse imaging in living embryos, lmo2::GFP+ cells have been observed to emigrate from the AGM region into circulation. Transplantation studies are underway to test putative HSC populations for repopulation activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that at least three independent waves of blood cell precursors are formed during zebrafish embryogenesis.
Dispositional Characteristics of Individuals Involved in Back Burner Relationships

To determine whether certain characteristics are shared by young adults who choose to communicatively maintain back burner relationships, this study investigated the associations between dispositio...
Modulation of transmission success of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes (sexual stages) in various species of Anopheles by erythrocytic asexual stage parasites

During malaria infection, a small proportion of erythrocytic asexual stages undergo sexual differentiation. Male and female gametocytes ingested in the blood meal initiate the sexual development of malaria parasites in the mosquito midgut. During blood feeding on a host, a mosquito ingests, in addition to mature gametocytes, host immune factors present in the blood, as well as large excess of erythrocytic asexual stages. In the current study we addressed the impact of the presence of large excess of asexual stages, hitherto not known or even suspected to influence, on the infectivity of gametocytes in the mosquito. Asexual stages resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of infectiousness of gametocytes, and some of this could be explained by the presumed effect of hemozoin and other unknown asexual-stage components on the mosquito immune system, affecting survival and maturation of parasites in the mosquito midgut. Interactions between asexual and sexual stages, maturity and ratio of male and female gametocytes, host immune factors and mosquito innate immune factors are some of the variables that determine the infectiousness of gametocytes in the mosquitoes and ultimately malaria transmission success. Understanding of determinants affecting malaria transmission will be critical to approaches directly targeting the transmission process for malaria elimination.
Resale price maintenance in supply chains with general multiplicative demand

Abstract We analyze a supply chain with a Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) contract in which the manufacturer sets the retail price with a general multiplicative price–demand function and prove the existence/uniqueness of an equilibrium. We also compare the equilibrium prices and quantities, consumer surplus and total system welfare for the RPM and wholesale price contracts. We conclude that a manufacturer may capture a smaller share of the total supply chain profit despite her ability to set the retail price.
Generational Restoration: Oleg Igorevich Zhurin, Petr Dmitrievich Baranovskii and a resurrection on Red Square

This paper examines a remarkable episode in Russian cultural history: the intergenerational collaboration of Petr Dmitrievich Baranovskii, the most accomplished restorer in the annals of Russian cultural preservation, and Oleg Igorevich Zhurin, a prominent Moscow architect and Baranovskii mentee. In the 1920s, Baranovskii began a restoration of the storied Kazan’ Mother of God Cathedral on Red Square, a memorial to Russians’ great victory over foreign invaders in the Time of Troubles, hoping to reveal and restore its 17 th century essence. Stalinist city planners halted his work and razed the cathedral, the nearby Resurrection Gates and Iverskaia Mother of God chapel. Through the difficult succeeding decades, Baranovskii kept alive the hope that the Kazan’ Cathedral might be brought back in some fashion. A young colleague, Oleg Igorevich Zhurin, picked up Baranovskii’s fallen standard just a few months before Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev came to power. He and like-minded cultural preservationists took advantage of rapidly changing attitudes towards history and culture in the late 1980s to bring about a remarkable resurrection of the 17 th century on Red Square. Working from Baranovskii’s 1920s research, Zhurin brought both the Kazan’ Cathedral and the neighboring Resurrection Gates back to life. This was a true “generational restoration.”
Long-range regulation of p53 DNA binding by its intrinsically disordered N-terminal transactivation domain

Atomic resolution characterization of the full-length p53 tetramer has been hampered by its size and the presence of extensive intrinsically disordered regions at both the N and C termini. As a consequence, the structural characteristics and dynamics of the disordered regions are poorly understood within the context of the intact p53 tetramer. Here we apply trans-intein splicing to generate segmentally 15N-labeled full-length p53 constructs in which only the resonances of the N-terminal transactivation domain (NTAD) are visible in NMR spectra, allowing us to observe this region of p53 with unprecedented detail within the tetramer. The N-terminal region is dynamically disordered in the full-length p53 tetramer, fluctuating between states in which it is free and fully exposed to solvent and states in which it makes transient contacts with the DNA-binding domain (DBD). Chemical-shift changes and paramagnetic spin-labeling experiments reveal that the amphipathic AD1 and AD2 motifs of the NTAD interact with the DNA-binding surface of the DBD through primarily electrostatic interactions. Importantly, this interaction inhibits binding of nonspecific DNA to the DBD while having no effect on binding to a specific p53 recognition element. We conclude that the NTAD:DBD interaction functions to enhance selectivity toward target genes by inhibiting binding to nonspecific sites in genomic DNA. This work provides some of the highest-resolution data on the disordered N terminus of the nearly 180-kDa full-length p53 tetramer and demonstrates a regulatory mechanism by which the N terminus of p53 transiently interacts with the DBD to enhance target site discrimination.
Decreasing frequency and improved outcomes of hepatitis C‐related liver transplantation in the era of direct‐acting antivirals – a retrospective cohort study

Benefit of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) on clinical outcomes is unclear. We examined temporal trends in liver transplant (LT) listings, receipt of LT, re-LT, and survival between pre-DAA (2009-2012) and DAA era (2013-2016) using UNOS database. Of 32 319 first adult LT, 15 049 (47%) were performed for HCV. Trends on listing, first LT, and of re-LT for HCV showed 23%, 20%, and 21% decrease in DAA compared to pre-DAA era (P < 0.0001). One-year liver graft and patient survival among HCV LT improved in DAA era (90% vs. 86% and 92% vs. 88%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Non-HCV LT showed no improvement in survival (89% vs. 89% and 92% vs. 92.4%, P = NS). On cox regression, compared to non-HCV LTs in DAA era, LT for HCV in pre-DAA era had worse patient survival (HR 1.56 [1.04-2.35]). The outcome was similar when compared to LTs for HCV in DAA era and for non-HCV in pre-DAA era. Burden of HCV-related LT waitlist and LT is declining in DAA era, with improved post-transplant outcomes, more so in later than earlier DAA era. Our findings negate recent Cochrane meta-analysis on DAA therapy and encourage studies to examine HCV clinical outcomes outside LT setting.
Time-Division Multiple Access

In multiple accessing through a satellite, uplink carriers can be separated in time rather than in frequency. Instead of assigning a frequency band to each uplink, we assign a specific time interval, and a given station transmits only during its allotted interval. This type of operation is referred to as time-division multiple access (TDMA). As we shall see, TDMA theoretically avoids the problem of many carriers trying to pass through the satellite at the same time, thereby avoiding the intermodulation problem of FDM A. However, while FDM A involves relatively simple frequency tuning for accessing, and providing essentially independent channel on-off operation, TDMA requires communication concepts that are relatively new. To accommodate many users, TDMA time intervals must necessarily be short, requiring burst-type transmissions, and the time intervals of all users must be properly and accurately synchronized, requiring several levels of timing control. The required high-speed hardware for these operations is relatively new and, in many cases, is still under development.
Sensitivity Analysis of Airport level Environmental Impacts to Aircraft thrust, weight, and departure procedures

Aviation noise remains one of the major barriers to sustainable aviation growth. With increasing traffic at major airports and rapid urbanization, community noise exposure is also expected to increase concurrently. New technologies, while effective, take a long time to mature and penetrate the market, and are therefore only suitable as the long-term solution. A near-term solution of noise mitigation is to analyze and modify the ways existing aircraft are flown in current operations. The objective of this paper is to analyze the sensitivities of airport level environmental impacts such as noise and emissions to changes in aircraft takeoff weight, thrust and departure profiles.
Childhood Significant Experiences that Contribute to Christian Commitment in Young Adulthood

Childhood experiences are significant to adult spirituality. Understanding these influential experiences can assist professors of Christian education as they seek to empower future children’s minis...
Heterogeneity in SIR epidemics modeling: superspreaders

Deterministic epidemic models, such as the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, are immensely useful even if they lack the nuance and complexity of social contacts at the heart of network science modeling. Here we present a simple modification of the SIR equations to include the heterogeneity of social connection networks. A typical power-law model of social interactions from network science reproduces the observation that individuals with a high number of contacts, ``hubs'' or ``superspreaders'', can become the primary conduits for transmission. Conversely, once the tail of the distribution is saturated, herd immunity sets in at a smaller overall recovered fraction than in the analogous SIR model. The new dynamical equations suggest that cutting off the tail of the social connection distribution, i.e., stopping superspreaders, is an efficient non-pharmaceutical intervention to slow the spread of a pandemic, such as COVID-19.
Changes in Globalization: How Should IB Education Respond?

A new phase of globalization has made the world cognizant of the job losses, inequality of gains across countries and socio-economic sectors, and climate degradation that has resulted from prior global business practices. We examine what changes international business (IB) education should consider as these patterns evolve. Non-routine analytical skills and global interpersonal skills will still be important in the changing economy. However, evidence suggests that IB education should also emphasize broader knowledge of politics, institutions, sociology, and anthropology in order to help future business leaders navigate and balance the increasingly complex requirements of both local and global stakeholder interests.
Predicting the Transition to Chronic Pain 6 Months After an Emergency Department Visit for Acute Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Acute pain can transition to chronic pain, a potentially debilitating illness. Objective We determined how often acute pain transitions to chronic pain among patients in the emergency department (ED) and whether persistent pain 1 week after the ED visit was associated with chronic pain. Methods An observational cohort study conducted in two EDs. We included adults with acute pain (≤10 days) if an oral opioid was prescribed. Exclusion criteria were recent opioid use and use of any analgesics regularly prior to onset of the pain. Research associates interviewed patients during the ED visit and 1 week and 6 months later. The primary outcome, chronic pain, was defined as pain on > 50% of days since ED discharge. We constructed logistic regression models to evaluate the association between persistent pain 1 week after an ED visit and chronic pain, while adjusting for demographic and treatment variables. Results During a 9-month period, we approached 733 patients for participation and enrolled 484; 450 of 484 (93%) provided 1-week outcomes data and 410 of 484 (85%) provided 6-month outcomes data. One week after the ED visit, 348 of 453 (77%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 73–80%) patients reported pain in the affected area. New-onset chronic pain at 6 months was reported by 110 of 408 (27%; 95% CI 23–31%) patients. Presence of pain 1 week after ED visit was associated with chronic pain (odds ratio 3.6; 95% CI 1.6–8.5). Conclusions About one-quarter of ED patients with acute pain transition to chronic pain within 6 months. Persistence of pain 1 week after the ED visit can identify patients at risk of transition.
For everything there was a season: phenological shifts within the flora of the Tetons

Around the world, phenology — the timing of ecological events — is shifting as the climate warms. This can lead to a variety of consequences for individual species and entire ecological communities, most notably when asynchronies develop between plants and animals that depend upon each other (e.g. nectar-consuming pollinators). Grand Teton National Park biologists have identified this topic (“effect of earlier plant flowering on pollinators and wildlife”) as one of their priority research needs. We have gathered, digitized, and quality-controlled phenological observations of first flowering dates collected by Frank Craighead, Jr. in the 1970s, before significant warming occurred. First flowering date for 87% of a 72-species data set correlates significantly with spring temperatures in the 1970s, suggesting that these plants should now be flowering earlier and will continue to flower earlier in the future. This year we began standardized phenological observations of these 72 species in the same location and initiated a citizen science program. Our proposed next steps are to: (1) gather and analyze further historical records of plant phenology; (2) conduct 3-5 additional years of contemporary observations; (3) link plant phenological changes with potential cascading impacts on pollinators and foragers; (4) model phenology under future climate change scenarios; and (5) implement a long-term citizen science program in the Tetons. Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
Outcomes of Revision Total Wrist Arthroplasty.

In this study, we analyzed the outcomes of revision total wrist arthroplasty done over a 40-year period. During this period, 76 consecutive revision total wrist arthroplasties were done in 69 patients with a mean age of 56 and a follow-up of 10.3 years. Patients commonly experienced pain relief, with 58 (91%) experiencing no or mild pain postoperatively. There was no statistically significant change in flexion or extension, but a statistically significant decrease in ulnar deviation and a corresponding increase in radial deviation. However, a high rate of complications and repeat revision surgery were observed. The primary indications for a repeat revision surgery were distal loosening (n = 11), proximal loosening (n = 1), deformity and pain (n = 8), periprosthetic infection (n = 3), dislocation (n = 2), subluxation (n = 1), intraoperative fracture (n = 1), and suspected metal allergy (n = 1). Complications were distal loosening (n = 15), proximal loosening (n = 3), dislocation (n = 7), intraoperative fracture (n = 7), postoperative fracture (n = 2), and component fracture (n = 3). When advising the patient, clear information must be given about the high rate of complications connected with revision arthroplasty and the risk of further revision, eventually leading to total wrist fusion. Level of Evidence: IV
The palliative needs of individuals with Parkinson disease (S24.004)

Objective: To identify symptoms associated with poor quality of life, critical events associated with advanced disease, and barriers to palliative care utilization among patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Background: There is increasing recognition of the utility of palliative care throughout the course of PD. However, there has been limited characterization of disease features that should prompt consideration of palliative care services in the population. Design/Methods: We created and pre-tested an online needs assessment survey and partnered with the Davis Phinney Foundation to recruit a national cohort with self-reported Hoehn and Yahr Stage II–V PD. We assessed demographics, clinical characteristics, quality of life, symptoms, critical events, and opinions of palliative care using pre-existing instruments and novel survey items. We used logistic regressions to evaluate which uncontrolled symptoms were associated with poor quality of life and χ2 tests to determine which critical events were associated with advanced disease. We provided a brief explanation of the services provided by palliative care and assessed pre- and post-education willingness to see a specialist. We also characterized barriers to pursuing palliative care intervention. Results: A total of 612 individuals (mean age 70.1; 49.8% women) completed the survey. Uncontrolled symptoms most highly associated with poor quality of life were confusion (OR 4.25, p Conclusions: Despite high symptom burden among those with PD, utilization of palliative care services is limited. Stigma may partially drive this limited use, and patient education may improve utilization in the population. Disclosure: Dr. Tarolli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zimmerman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Auinger has nothing to disclose. Dr. McIntosh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Horowitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kluger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dorsey has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with 23andMe, Abbott, Abbvie, American Well, Biogen, Clintrex, DeciBio, Denali Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Grand Rounds, Karger, Lundbeck, MC10, MedAvante, Medical-legal services, Mednick Associates, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Olson Research Group, Optio, Prilenia, Putnam Associates, Roche, Sanofi, Shire, Sunovion Pharma, Teva, UCB, Voyager Therapeutics. Dr. Dorsey has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Karger Publications. Dr. Dorsey has received research support from Abbvie, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, AMC Health, Biosensics, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, GlaxoSmithKline, Nuredis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Prana Biotechnology, Raptor Pharmaceuticals, Roche, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Holloway has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Consulting, Milliman Inc., Reviewer of Neurology Guidelines.