cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FOODSERVICE INDUSTRY MARKET PROFILE STUDY: BEEF MARKETING

Purveying companies (N = 55) were surveyed in 12 U.S. cities to document how beef is being merchandised in the foodservice (FS) industry. Purveyors surveyed marketed 81.2 ± 2.01% of their beef items to commercial clients and 18.8 ± 2.01% to noncommercial clients. Among purveyors surveyed, 53.3 ± 3.55% of their total beef sales (value) were generated by subprimal cuts (SC), 24.3 ± 2.30% by portion control items (PCI), 10.5 ± 1.04% by chub pack ground beef (GB), and 11.9 ± 1.40% by beef patties. Midwest and Southwest purveyors sold more (P < .05) GB patties than Mountain/Desert and Southeast purveyors. Over 50% of all beef items sold by the purveyors surveyed were from the rib and loin. Purveyors in the Mountain/Desert and Southwest regions used fewer (P < .05) loin SC than all other regions. Beef PCI and SC items were marketed boneless over 80% of the time. Distribution of ground beef sales among purveyors surveyed were regular GB 40.9 ± 4.83%, lean GB 40.5 ± 4.91% and extra lean GB 5.9 ± 1.13%. Prime represented 2.8 ± .35%, Choice 73.5 ± 1.59%, Select 7.9 ± .93% and no-roll 13.2 ± .96% of all SC purchased. Midwest and Northeast purveyors purchased more (P < .05) Prime cuts and Mountain/Desert and Southwest purveyors purchased more (P < .05) no-roll cuts than the other regions. Purveyors surveyed sold more (P < .05) GB patties (IMPS cut 1136) than any other PCI.
Comparing college smokers' and dual users' expectancies towards cigarette smoking.

Abstract Background As no agreed upon definition exists for dual use (i.e., individuals who concurrently use more than one form of tobacco), this population remains largely unstudied in the substance use literature, despite increases in smokeless tobacco use among young adults. Individuals 18–25 years of age report the highest rates of smokeless tobacco use, dual use, and cigarette use. The current study compared the smoking outcome expectancies of college student dual users to those who reported only smoking cigarettes. Methods The Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire was used to examine potential differences in positive or negative expectations regarding cigarette use. Results Data from this study suggest that smokers believe that smoking will lead to greater positive consequences (“cigarettes taste good”), negative reinforcement (“cigarettes help me deal with anger”), and weight/appetite reduction (“smoking controls my appetite”) when compared to dual users. Conversely, dual users believed that smoking would lead to greater negative consequences (e.g., “smoking is taking years off of my life”). Discussion These results may help to explain why some smokers choose not to use smokeless tobacco products for harm reduction or smoking cessation purposes, as well as why increases are being observed in smokeless tobacco rates among young adults.
Studies on microbial protein synthesis with Azotobacter vinelandii as the test organism II. Incorporation of radioactive amino acids into protein of cell-free particulate preparations

Abstract It has been found that a cell-free particulate preparation from A. vinelandii sedimentable at low gravitational field (2,000–30,000 × g ) actively incorporates the amino acids, glycine, glutamate and leucine, into protein. The requirements of the incorporating system have been studied in detail. Treatment of the particles with NaCl reduces their incorporating activity to a considerable extent. Rat-liver pH 5 fraction or pH 5 fraction prepared from A. vinelandii extracts reactivates the particles. The bacterial pH 5 fraction can also substitute for the rat-liver pH 5 fraction in its capacity of incorporating amino acids into microsomes of rat liver.
Evaluation of acylphosphine oxide polymerization initiators using differential scanning calorimetry

This study examines the polymerization of dental monomers catalyzed by synthesized acylphosphine oxides in a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) cell. This research focuses on establishing a relationship between radicals generated by the acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators and the kinetic reaction rates of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylamide (ACM), a model monomer. The thermal stability of mono- and di-acylphosphine oxides was examined by DSC. Endothermic melting and exothermic polymerization reactions initiated with the two initiators were recorded. The acrylamide model system laid the ground work for the critical evaluation of the synthesized new initiators of mono (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide. The bis(acyl) phosphine oxide photoinitiator was more reactive than the mono-(acyl) phosphine oxide with methyl methacrylates under laboratory conditions. In exothermic reactions, temperatures rose higher and more rapidly for bis(acyl) phosphine oxide initiated reactions than mono-(acyl) phosphine oxide initiated reactions.
Dolomite and Quartz Lamellae Stress and Strain Analysis in a Multiply-Deformed Terrane, West-Central Vermont

The methods of dynamic analysis for inferring principal stress axes from quartz, calcite, and dolomite petrofabrics (Carter and Raleigh, 1969) have been well developed during the last four decades through the availability of experimental equipment for rock deformation under controlled temperatures and pressures (Griggs, 1936) and the modern universal microscope stage (Emmons, 1943). Magnitudes of the stresses cannot be predicted from the methods they describe, however. Although Jamison and Spang (1976) proposed a method to infer differential stress from twinned carbonate aggregates, strain is in reality the only parameter that can be properly measured in deformed rocks. Well-known procedures for measuring finite strain in racks can be applied only to highly deformed rocks and require speculation about the undeformed state of the rock fabric (Ramsay, 1967). Groshong (1972) has recently developed a least-squares fit strain-gage technique which can be used to calculate the orientations and magnitudes of principal strain axes for small strains in deformed rocks containing mechanically twinned minerals. Groshong (1974) experimentally checked his method using twinned calcite aggregates, but he suggested that it could be applied to other minerals.
Interplay of Degradation, Dissolution and Stabilization of Clarithromycin and Its Amorphous Solid Dispersions

Clarithromycin (CLA) is an aminomacrolide antibiotic whose physical properties are fascinating and challenging. It has very poor solubility at neutral intestinal pH, but much better solubility under acidic conditions due to amine protonation. The improved solubility in an acid environment is confounded by the poor chemical stability of clarithromycin that is quite labile toward acid-catalyzed degradation. This creates a complex system under gastrointestinal (GI) conditions: dissolution in the stomach, degradation, potential for precipitation in the small intestine, and interplay with the formulation components. We report herein a study of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of CLA with carboxyl-containing cellulose derivatives, which have recently been shown to be excellent ASD matrices for maximizing oral bioavailability. This approach was intended to improve CLA solubility in neutral media while minimizing release in an acid environment, and thereby increase its uptake from the small intestine. Amorphous polymer/CLA nanoparticles were also prepared by high-shear mixing in a multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM). Different extents of release were observed at low pH from the various formulations. Thus the solubility increase from nanosizing was deleterious to the concentration of intact CLA obtained upon reaching small intestine conditions; the high extent of release at gastric pH led to complete degradation of CLA. Using pH-switch experiments, it was possible to separate the effects of loss of CLA from solution by crystallization vs. that from chemical degradation. It was found that the hydrophobic cellulose derivative cellulose acetate adipate propionate (CAAdP) was effective at protecting CLA from dissolution in the stomach, and preventing CLA decomposition at low pH; 54% of CLA in CAADP ASD was released intact, vs. 0% and 6% from HPMCAS and CMCAB ASDs, respectively. We conclude that protection against degradation is central to enhancing overall release of intact CLA from ASD formulations; the formulations studied herein have great promise for simultaneous CLA solubility enhancement and protection from loss to chemical degradation, thereby reducing dose requirements and potentially decreasing colonic exposure to CLA (reduced colonic exposure is expected to minimize killing of beneficial colonic bacteria by CLA).
Autoantigens as substrates for apoptotic proteases: implications for the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disease

Systemic autoimmune diseases are a genetically complex, heterogeneous group of diseases in which the immune system targets a diverse, but highly specific group of intracellular autoantigens. The clustering and marked concentration of these molecules in the surface blebs of apoptotic cells, and their modification by apoptosis-specific proteolytic cleavage and/or phosphorylation at these sites, has focused attention on a unique apoptotic setting as the potential initiating stimulus for systemic autoimmunity. This apoptotic event is likely to (i) occur in a microenvironment containing high concentrations of the targeted antigens, (ii) be pro-immune in nature (e.g. viral infection), and (iii) allow suprathreshold concentrations of antigen with non-tolerized structure (either novel fragments, post-translational modifications, or complexes) to enter the class II processing pathway and initiate a primary immune response. Defective clearance or reduced anti-inflammatory consequences of apoptotic material may be important susceptibility factors in this group of diseases. Once the primary immune response to apoptotic antigens has been initiated, other apoptotic events (occurring in the course of homeostasis or damage) may stimulate the secondary immune response with less stringency, resulting in flares.
IgG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract IgG levels were determined on undiluted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 12 patients with active central nervous system lupus (CNS-SLE), 5 patients with SLE without CNS symptoms, 1 patient in remission of CNS-SLE, and 22 normals using a new solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The mean value for IgG was significantly low in the patients with active CNS-SLE when compared with normals, SLE patients without CNS involvement, and the one patient in remission (whose initial value at the onset of the acute phase was low). Although some values for IgG in the active CNS-SLE group were within or higher than the normal range, every patient in this group had significantly low IgG at some time during the acute phase of disease. Serum IgG levels in all patients with SLE, with and without CNS involvement, were normal to high normal. There appears to be no relationship between serum and CSF IgG levels in active CNS-SLE. Microquantitation of CSF IgG levels is more feasible for many laboratories than assay of C4 levels and promises to become a useful tool in differentiating between CNS-SLE and other causes of CNS symtomatology such as steroid-induced encephalopathy.
Bonesetters and curers in a Mexican community: Conceptual models, status, and gender

In the indigenous Mexican village of Hueyapan, there is a dear contrast between the supernatural beliefs curers use to explain illness and the naturalistic assumptions made by this community's bonesetters. In addition to employing different conceptual models, the two types of healers differ with respect to their manner of recruitment, training, types of illnesses treated, social status, and gender. These differences add up to a seeming enigma: in a community where men largely control political, economic, and religious affairs, the higher status role of curer is undertaken most frequently by women and the lower status specialty of bonesetter by men. Hueyapan's health care system becomes less problematical, however, when it is recognized that recruitment to the bonesetter and curer roles is shaped by pragmatic considerations of role continuity and compatibility independent of the social status of these two occupations.
An international pellet ablation database

The contents are described of an international pellet ablation database (IPADBASE) that has been assembled to enable studies of pellet ablation theories that are used to describe the physics of an ablating fuel pellet in a tokamak plasma. The database represents an international effort to assemble data from several tokamaks of different magnetic configurations and auxiliary heating methods. In the initial configuration, data from JET, Tore Supra, DIII-D, FTU, TFTR, ASDEX Upgrade, JIPP T-IIU, RTP and T-10 have been included. The database contains details of measurements of deuterium and hydrogen pellet ablation, including pellet mass and speed, plasma electron density and temperature profiles, and pellet ablation light emission. A summary of the database contents and a scaling analysis of the data are presented
Microbiological analysis and starter culture growth in retentates.

Abstract Pasteurized skim milk was concentrated by UF to 2-, 4-, and 5-fold. The retentates were evaluated for microbiological quality, heat treatments to inactivate microorganisms, and lactic acid bacterial starter culture activity. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts in raw milk decreased from an initial 1.4 × 10 6 to 3.9 × 10 2 cfu/ml after pasteurization. During UF, counts increased from 3.9 × 10 2 cfu/ml in pasteurized milk to 1.4 × 10 3 , 1.4 × 10 4 , and 1.8 × 10 4 cfu/ml in 2-, 4- and 5-fold retentates, respectively. Psychrotrophic bacterial counts decreased from 9.9 × 10 5 cfu/ml in raw milk to 3.7 × 10 1 cfu/ml in pasteurized milk and gradually increased to 1.0 × 10 2 , 2.5 × 10 2 , and 1.4 × 10 3 cfu/ml in 2-, 4-, and 5-fold retentates, respectively. Thermophilic bacterial counts remained Lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris or Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis cultures were partially coagulated with pH >5.6. In general, the pH of retentates remained higher than that of skim milk. Clotting of uninoculated samples was observed, and a spore-forming contaminant, tentatively characterized as Bacillus cereus and capable of clotting milk at a pH >6, was isolated from the clotted samples. Heat treatments of 72, 78, 84, and 90°C each for 15s were not adequate to inactivate the spore former that caused clotting. A heat treatment of 80°C for 15s followed by a 4-h incubation at 32°C and a second heat treatment of 72°C for 15s inactivated the spore former and prevented clotting. Bacteria could not be recovered from the heat-treated milk after 6h of incubation at 32 or 50°C. However, after an 18-h incubation at 32°C, surviving bacteria (
Mechanisms for axial thermal contraction in polymer crystals: polyethylene vs isotactic polypropylene

Abstract We show that the mechanism for the negative axial thermal expansion is fundamentally different in polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) crystals. For PE, axial contraction increases the entropy, thereby leading to negative axial thermal expansion. In contrast, for iPP, axial expansion increases the entropy, which alone would lead to positive axial thermal expansion. The negative axial thermal expansion in iPP occurs as an elastic response to the positive transverse thermal expansion, and is based on potential energy effects.
Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with somatostatin analogues--a meta-analysis.

Background: Somatostatin analogues appear to have antiproliferative effects in breast cancer by inhibiting various hormones. Several small phase 1 and 2 clinical trails have evaluated the efficacy of somatostatin analogues, but the results are varied. The purpose of this study was to use the technique of meta-analysis to determine the effect of somatostatin analogues on tumor response, toxicity, and serum hormone levels in women with metastatic breast cancer.
The role of microstructure in the tarnish of low-gold alloys

Abstract The recent surge in the price of gold has led to the widespread use of low-gold alloys. In a critical application such as for cast dental restorations, the consequence of a low gold content is more rapid chemical attack, typically in the form of tarnish. This study shows that microstructure as well as gold content influences an alloy's tarnish response in simulated oral solutions. For the copper-rich segment of the AgAuCu ternary, quantitative sulfide tarnish data demonstrate that a single-phase microstructure and at least 40 wt.% Au are necessary to minimize tarnishing. For more complex six-component alloys, it is shown that nonuniform microstructures enhance tarnish reactions through microscopic galvanic cells.
Nonequilibrium superconductivity under spin-polarized quasiparticle currents in perovskite ferromagnet-insulator-superconductor heterostructures

We report phenomena manifesting nonequilibrium superconductivity induced by spin-polarized quasiparticles in perovskite ferromagnet-insulator-superconductor (F-I-S) heterostructures. Measurements of the critical current ${J}_{c},$ using a pulsed current technique to minimize Joule heating, reveal a monotonic increase with increasing insulator thickness; and for F-I-S with thin insulating barriers, a slight increase in ${J}_{c}$ is observed under small injection currents ${I}_{m}$ from the ferromagnet, followed by a strong suppression of ${J}_{c}$ under large ${I}_{m}.$ In contrast, no effect of injection on ${J}_{c}$ can be detected in the N-I-S control sample (N: nonmagnetic metal). The spin diffusion time and length in cuprate superconductors are also estimated and compared with our experimental results.
The effects of common movement and spatial separation on position- and motion-based judgments of relative movement

When common movement is superimposed on relative movement (changes in separation between two dots), relative movement thresholds increase nonlinearly as a function of initial dot separation. For large separations (> 2.0 deg), thresholds increase gradually with increased separation. It is shown that this reflects judgments based on perceived relative motion. For small separations (< 2.0 deg), thresholds increase sharply with increased separation. It is shown that this reflects judgments based on perceived changes in relative position. Evidence is presented that superimposed common movement reduces sensitivity to relative movement by reducing sensitivity to relative motion. This provides a “window”, in the range of small dot separations, for relative movement judgments to be based on the perception of changes in relative position, even though motion is perceived for individual dots.
Using Model Checking in a Parallelizing Compiler

In this paper we describe the usage of temporal logic model checking in a parallelizing compiler to analyze the structure of a source program and locate opportunities for optimization and parallelization. The source program is represented as a process graph in which the nodes are sequential processes and the edges are control and data dependence relationships between the computations at the nodes. By labeling the nodes and edges with descriptive atomic propositions and by specifying the conditions necessary for optimizations and parallelizations as temporal logic formulas, we can use a model checker to locate nodes of the process graph where particular optimizations can be made. To discover opportunities for new optimizations or modify existing ones in this parallelizing compiler, we need only specify their conditions as temporal logic formulas; we do not need to add to or modify the code of the compiler. This greatly simplifies the process of locating optimization and parallelization opportunities in the source program and makes it easier to experiment with complex optimizations. Hence, this methodology provides a convenient, concise, and formal framework in which to carry out program optimizations by compilers.
Epidermal growth factor–induced activation of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in rat hepatocytes

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays a critical role in the induction of cell cycle progression and survival in many cell types. However, there is minimal IGF-I binding to hepatocytes, and a role for IGF-I in hepatocyte signaling has not been elucidated. The dynamics of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) activation were examined in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. IGF-I did not activate the IGF-IR. However, des(1-3)IGF-I, which weakly binds IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), induced IGF-IR phosphorylation. IGFBP-3 surface coating was identified by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. In contrast with the inactivity of IGF-I, epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-IR in parallel with EGF receptor phosphorylation. Transactivation of the IGF-IR by EGF was inhibited by tyrphostin I-Ome-AG538, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high specificity for the IGF-IR. Src kinase inhibitors pyrazolopyrimidine PP-1 and PP-2 inhibited transactivation of the IGF-IR by EGF. EGF stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of Src, and induced its association with the IGF-IR. EGF-induced phosphorylations of insulin-related substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, Akt, and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were inhibited variably by I-Ome-AG538. In conclusion, the data show an EGF- and Src-mediated transactivation pathway for IGF-IR activation in hepatocytes, and indicate a role for the IGF-IR in hepatocyte intracellular signaling. The findings also show a role for IGFBP-3 in the inhibition of IGF-I signaling in hepatocytes. (H EPATOLOGY 2002;36:1509-1518.)
β-Alanine transaminase activity in black and suppressor of black mutations of Drosophila melanogaster

An assay for beta-alanine transaminase activity in extracts of Drosophila melanogaster has been developed. By use of this assay, the levels of beta-alanine transaminase activity in several strains of flies has been examined as a function of developmental age. The black mutation shows elevated levels of activity compared to wild type, while suppressor of black strains show decreased levels compared to wild type.
The XXY (Klinefelter's) syndrome in childhood: Detection and treatment

Detection of the XXY chromosomal imbalance, the genetic cause of X-chromatin-positive Klinefelter's syndrome, has generally been delayed until the postadolescent period. Several clinical features may assist in the ascertainment of patients during the childhood period. These boys often have school and/or behavioral problems in association with borderline dull mentality and tend to have a slim build with relatively long lower extremities and somewhat small external genitals. A buccal smear can be utilized for screening purposes. If X-chromatin positive, then chromosome studies are indicated to rule out the presence of mosaicism and to define the exact nature of the chromosomal abnormality. Age-appropriate physiologic testosterone replacement therapy is then recommended in order to provide a more normal adolescent growth and development and to prevent most of the characteristic features of the older patient with Klinefelter's syndrome.
Trifluralin effects on tobacco callus tissue: Mitosis and selected metabolic effects

Abstract Inhibition of growth of pith callus of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum , var. S-73) by the herbicide trifluralin (α,α,α - trifluoro - 2,6 - dinitro - N,N - dipropyl - p - toluidine) was previously observed. Inhibition of cell division in callus tissue of varying age by this herbicide was investigated using the Feulgen reagent and light microscopy. Upon staining and counting the number of cells in each phase of mitosis, a decrease in the number of cells in metaphase, anaphase, and telophase in the treated tissues was found. In addition to this reduction, arrested metaphases and multinucleated cells were observed. Similar results were observed with 10 −4 M colchicine. The effects of trifluralin on incorporation of 14 C-precursors into callus RNA, DNA, and protein were also investigated. Apparent RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis in callus were inhibited by trifluralin (5 × 10 −6 M ) treatment. The inhibition, however, was not expressed until 5–7 days after initiating treatment. Colchicine also affected apparent RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis; however, these effects were different than those observed with trifluralin. Incorporation of 14 C-amino acids into protein was most severely inhibited by colchicine.
Aging, Meaning, and Well-Being: Musings of a Cultural Historian

During the last 150 years, there has been a disintegration of traditions that previously provided older people with culturally viable norms, goals, and responsibilities. These traditions infused old age with shared social meaning, allowing older people to experience their later years as both declineand fulfillment. This chapter describes these traditions in the United States and explores the consequences of their decline. In addition, it suggests that the future mental health of the aged will depend not only on the progress of science and medicine, but also on the processes of cultural change, specifically as these affect the social values and meanings attached to old age.
Thermal stability of coordination polymers

Polymers formed between three ligands and selected metal ions were prepared and their thermal stability in air was investigated. 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (1,5-N-2,6) formed coordination polymers with Zn, Ni, Al, and Fe+3. Zn-1,5-N-2,6 was more stable than the corresponding Fe and Ni polymers. Pyromellitic acid (PMA) formed coordination polymers of high molecular weight with Th and U+4. The Th-PMA was stable up to 405°C., while the corresponding uranium compound decomposed below 400°C. The coordination polymer of 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid (NT) with Th was less stable (decomposition temperature: 360°C.) than the corresponding pyromellitic polymer because the coordination of Th in Th-NT was partially accomplished by water molecules rather than carboxylic oxygens as in the Th-PMA polymer. The thermal stability of these polymers was a function of the metal involved in coordination. Higher thermal stability resulted when Zn or Th were used than if metals capable of changing their ionic valency were involved in polymer formation.
Campaign Funds in 1928

During the important political year 1928 no fewer than five separate congressional committees were engaged in investigating various phases of the problem of campaign funds. First, the Reed committee, which was appointed by resolution of the 69th Congress to investigate the elections of 1926, was continued in existence so that it could wind up its work. In addition, it was given authority by a new resolution of the 70th Congress to investigate the New Jersey senatorial primary of 1928. Second, the committee on privileges and elections of the Senate was authorized to hear and determine the Wilson-Vare election contest in Pennsylvania. A sub-committee, with Senator Waterman as chairman, was selected on January 27 to perform this task. Third, the Senate created a special committee to investigate pre-convention and election expenditures in the campaign of 1928. Senator Steiwer was appointed chairman of this committee. Fourth, a special House committee was appointed on the day before the close of the session to look into the campaign expenditures of 1928, with Congressman Lehlbach of New Jersey as chairman. Finally, the Senate by resolution authorized the committee on post offices and post roads, or any sub-committee thereof, to investigate the alleged sale of Southern postmasterships, and Senator Brookhart was appointed chairman of the sub-committee. The Reed committee held hearings in April and May in connection with the Wilson-Vare contest in Pennsylvania, and in June in connection with the New Jersey senatorial primary. These investigations did not lead to any particularly valuable disclosures, although they produced some interesting and enlightening information about the Vare machine.
Modeling Changes in Hurricane Risk over Time

This paper presents a new methodology for estimating changes in hurricane risk (annual expected economic losses) over time. A case study illustrates application of the methodology in Dare and New Hanover counties in North Carolina. Most current available loss estimation models use the present-day building inventory as input to estimate future hurricane losses. However, the number, locations, types, and vulnerability of buildings in a region vary with time, thus compromising the accuracy of loss estimates and the effectiveness of mitigation plans based on those estimates. The methodology presented here integrates four models—wind hazard, building inventory change, building vulnerability change, and economic change—in a simulation framework to compute changes in expected annual hurricane losses over time. Case study results indicate the estimated rate of change of expected annual hurricane losses and the relative importance of different factors affecting that change.
Therapeutic Antidotes: Helping Gay and Bisexual Men Recover from Conversion Therapies

SUMMARY Studies of sexual orientation conversion therapies have focused on the efficacy, or lack thereof, of treatments designed to change sexual orientation. Recently, given the typically low success rate achieved in most conversion therapy studies, some researchers have examined the potential for such treatments to harm patients. It is the author's impression, after twenty years' clinical work with individuals who have undergone some form of conversion therapy, that these treatments can indeed be harmful. This article identifies the various problems commonly presented by patients following an unsuccessful therapeutic attempt to change sexual orientation. Such problems include poor self-esteem and depression, social withdrawal, and sexual dysfunction. Case material illustrates these concerns, and therapeutic approaches to address them are suggested. Directions for future study are identified.
The Bishops of Worcester in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries: Easy Come, Easy Go

In a church in which episcopal translation was common, Worcester was first in line. Over the period from the installation of Bishop Reynolds in 1307 through the translation of Bishop Alcock in 1486, the diocese had more bishops than any other (twenty-three, plus two quashed elections) which also meant the shortest average tenure. This article analyses the reasons for this rapid turnover through a study of the bishops themselves. As a mid-level diocese (in terms of resources and centrality) Worcester was treated as a proving ground for some men who would move to richer and more coveted sees, a sinecure for men with creditable records of service (mostly for the king) but no longer wanted or needed, and a terminal position for some who might rate a bishopric but who would die in office there. One bishop had been prior of the monastic cathedral, a few were from the aristocracy, most were well educated, and most were reasonably diligent regarding relations with the monks and their visitation record. Many were ...
Perceptual consequences of early social experience in precocial birds

Abstract This article reviews recent work with precocial avian hatchlings demonstrating the important contribution that social experience with conspecifics can make to the development of species-typical perceptual preferences. In particular, experiments on the role of sibling social interaction in the development of early auditory and visually directed maternal preferences are surveyed. Results reveal that young hatchlings denied the opportunity for direct social experience with siblings consistently display auditory and visual preferences different from those shown by hatchlings allowed ongoing experience with their broodmates during the period immediately following hatching. Taken together, the studies reviewed here demonstrate that the perceptual preferences underlying the process of filial imprinting, long thought to be simply ‘innate’ or ‘instinctive’, are sensitive to an array of social factors present in the young bird's posthatching environment. The findings also provide support for the view that the minimum unit for the developmental analysis of species-typical behavior must be the developmental system, comprised of both the developing organism and its specific stimulative environment.
Octanol–water partition coefficients of imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) are low melting organic salts that are being vigorously investigated as possible replacements for volatile organic solvents. While they cannot contribute to air pollution due to their negligible vapor pressure, they do have significant solubility in water. As a result, this is the most likely medium through which ILs will enter the environment. Therefore, it is important to understand how ILs will influence aquatic ecosystems. A simple thermodynamic measurement that has been extremely useful in estimating effects of chemical pollutants on aquatic environments is the octanol–water partition coefficient (KOW). It is an extremely important quantity because it describes the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of a compound and has been correlated with bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish, as well as sorption to soils and sediments. Here we present measurements of the KOW of twelve imidazolium-based ILs at room temperature, using the slow-stirring method. For the butylmethylimidazolium cation, KOW values range from 0.003 to 11.1, depending on the choice of anion. In addition, we find that the KOW values increase with increasing alkyl chain length on the cation and that replacing the acidic hydrogen on the carbon between the two nitrogens in the imidazolium ring with a methyl group has negligible effect on the KOW. However, all of the KOW values measured, even for the most “hydrophobic” imidazolium-based ILs, are less than 15 so these ILs will not accumulate or concentrate in the environment.
Relaxation in ferret ventricular myocytes: role of the sarcolemmal Ca ATPase.

In ferret ventricular myocytes the rate of intracellular Ca concentration [Ca]i decline and relaxation is remarkably fast (compared with rabbit and rat) under conditions where both the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca uptake and Na/Ca exchange are inhibited. Here we explore the possibility that this rapid [Ca]i decline in ferret cells is attributable to the sarcolemmal Ca ATPase by using carboxyeosin (a potent inhibitor of the sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase). We compare the effects of carboxyeosin with those of elevated extracellular [Ca] ([Ca]o) (a thermodynamic approach to limit Ca transport by the sarcolemmal Ca ATPase). In rabbit cells, carboxyeosin and high [Ca]o slowed [Ca]i decline similarly and both virtually abolished [Ca]i decline when mitochondrial Ca uptake was also inhibited. In ferret cells, carboxyeosin treatment produced these same effects on [Ca]i decline, but high [Ca]o did not mimic them. Moreover, only in carboxyeosintreated ferret cells did additional inhibition of mitochondrial Ca uptake nearly abolish [Ca]i decline. We conclude that, carboxyeosin loading can inhibit the sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase in intact myocytes; that this pump seems likely to be responsible for the much faster relaxation observed in ferret cells after block of SR Ca accumulation and Na/Ca exchange transport and that the sarcolemmal Ca pump apparently has different characteristics in rabbit and ferret ventricular myocytes.
Decreased sensitivity to phase-delaying effects of moderate intensity light in older subjects

Aging is associated with a change in the relationship between the timing of sleep and circadian rhythms, such that the rhythms occur later with respect to sleep than in younger adults. To investigate whether a difference in the phase-delaying response to evening light contributes to this, we conducted a 9-day inpatient study in 10 healthy older (≥ 65 y.o.) subjects. We assessed circadian phase in a constant routine, exposed each subject to a 6.5-h broad spectrum light stimulus beginning in the early biological night, and reassessed circadian phase. The stimuli spanned a range from very dim (~2 lux) to very bright (~8,000 lux) indoor light. We found a significant dose-response relationship between illuminance and the phase shift of the melatonin rhythm, with evidence that sensitivity, but not the maximal response to light, differed from that of younger adults. These findings suggest an age-related reduction in the phase-delaying response to moderate light levels. However, our findings alone do not explain the altered phase relationship between sleep and circadian rhythms associated with aging.
Group Influence versus Decision-Making Rules An Analysis of Local CDBG Allocational Decisions

Using data from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, this analysis compares the impact of decision-making rules (embodying citywide funding priorities) on Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) allocational decisions with the impact of support exerted on behalf of neighborhood-specific priorities. It is found that in addition to the amount of funding requested and the constraints imposed by ongoing projects, both the city's funding guidelines (a decision-making rule) and influence on behalf of neighborhood concerns that is channeled through neighborhood advisory councils have an impact on allocational decisions. Rules constrain the decision-making process: if political pressure on behalf of neighborhood concerns exists, it must be built into the process and procedures must be created that allow group input.
Book and media recommendations: Proven facts and speculative fiction

This selection of recommendations starts with a set of speculative questions and answers them from the world of proven facts. Turning that on its head, the other selections start with some known facts, and pose intriguing questions about the way things might be, or might have been, in a speculative world.
Solidification by radiative cooling of a cylindrical region filled with drops

Transient cooling by radiation is analyzed for a cylindrical region filled with axially flowing streams of drops that are becoming solidified. This is of interest for the dissipation of waste heat from orbiting power system in space. The drops absorb, emit, and scatter radiation, and the surroundings are at a lower uniform temperature. The radiative properties are assumed gray, and the scattering is isotropic. The radiating region is a two-phase mixture that remains at the melting temperature of the drops. Its temperature uniformity maintains a high emissive power as energy is lost. This is an advantage over a sensible heat radiator in which the temperature decreases, thereby reducing the emissive power. The results provide the axial length that remains two-phase and the fraction of energy dissipated within this length in which the emissive power has not decreased because of sensible cooling. It is also shown how the radial distribution of the axial velocity of the drops can be modified to increase this energy fraction.
Parental adherence to child psychologists' recommendations from psychological testing.

Nonadherence to prescribed regimens is a significant cause of treatment failure across pediatric andpsychological/psychiatric childhood conditions. Although a modest literature exists for medical condi-tions, the literature on adherence to psychologists’ recommendations is sparse. We review the extantliterature on this topic, highlighting areas for further study and intervention. Implications for policy andthe practice of psychoeducational assessment are also discussed.
Contribution of Elastin to the Mechanical Properties of Arterial Tissues

Recent studies indicate that vascular stiffening and associated remodeling of the proximal pulmonary arteries, due to pulmonary hypertension, may play a critical role in the progression of the disease and ultimate cardiac failure [1]. While progress has been made in the understanding of active and passive arterial mechanics of whole arteries, comparatively little experimental work has been done on the role of the major extracellular structural proteins, collagen and elastin, in determining baseline arterial mechanics and modulating behavior during vascular remodeling [2, 3]. Here, we examine the methods to determine the specific role of elastin in arterial mechanics as it relates to pulmonary hypertension.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
ON SOLVING MULTIMESSAGE MULTICASTING PROBLEMS

In this paper we survey algorithms and complexity results for the multimessage multicasting problem and its variations under a unified notation. The main results apply to the multimessage multicasting problem for complete networks and pr-networks (multistage interconnection networks that can realize all permutations in one communication phase and replicate data on each switch). We also discuss algorithms that allow message forwarding and distributed algorithms where each processor only knows local information. Different applications where this problem naturally arises are explored.
Evaluation of the crypt surface adjacent to metal endosseous implants: An electron microscopic study in clinically successful implants

Abstract The tissue lining the implant crypt surface in the upper and lower jaws of rhesus monkeys was examined by means of electron microscopic techniques. No epithelium or periodontal-like membrane was observed adjacent to the body of the blade but rather a highly vascular connective tissue with osteogenic potentialities. In general, no form of soft-tissue attachment to the titanium blade existed. This tissue has an outer dense cellular layer of fibroblast-like cells or mesenchymal cells, a middle layer of highly vascular osteogenic connective tissue which resembles an embryonic fibrous tissue with preosteoblasts, and a layer of osteoblasts next to osteoid matrix and bone.
Compressed wavefront sensing.

We report on an algorithm for fast wavefront sensing that incorporates sparse representation for the first time in practice. The partial derivatives of optical wavefronts were sampled sparsely with a Shack–Hartman wavefront sensor (SHWFS) by randomly subsampling the original SHWFS data to as little as 5%. Reconstruction was performed by a sparse representation algorithm that utilized the Zernike basis. We name this method sparse Zernike (SPARZER). Experiments on real and simulated data attest to the accuracy of the proposed techniques as compared to traditional sampling and reconstruction methods. We have made the corresponding dataset and software freely available online. Compressed wavefront sensing offers the potential to increase the speed of wavefront acquisition and to defray the cost of SHWFS devices.
Equilibrium‐State Density Profiles of Centrifuged Cakes

We have examined the equilibrium-state density profiles of centrifuged cakes both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical density profiles were obtained by implementing the experimental pressure-density relationship into the general differential equation for centrifugation with appropriate boundary conditions. With a power-law pressure-density relationship, P =βφn, we show that where φmax is the density at the bottom of the cake, z the distance measured from the bottom of the cake, and zm the distance at which the cake density vanishes. Experimentally, the density profiles were examined with γ-ray densitometry. The predicted density profiles are in good agreement with the experimental ones. We also show that the form applies to sedimentation cakes as well, provided the pressure-density relationship of sedimentation cakes is also a power-law one.
Esophageal squamous papillomatosis of the entire esophagus: a case report and review of the literature

Esophageal squamous papillomatosis of the entire esophagus: a case report and review of the literature
Bcr-Abl adds another twist to cell fate

Bcr-Abl remains the prime target for CML therapy, but recent findings from Sheng and colleagues suggest that its inhibition may expose a new loophole in the cell death process. 1 Their report defines a new role for the Bcr-Abl signaling complex in suppressing autophagy, a catabolic process that partially destroys a cell9s content. 2
Synthetic Aperture Radar 3D Feature Extraction for Arbitrary Flight Paths

We propose an algorithm for extracting multiple geometric scattering features from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) phase history collected over arbitrary, 3D monostatic or bistatic apertures. The algorithm input is complex-valued phase history; the output is a list of features and corresponding parameter estimates. We fit to the data parametric models for six canonical features. The feature extraction problem includes model order selection, shape classification, and parameter estimation. Examples include densely-sampled and sparse apertures for monostatic and bistatic scenarios.
Teaching Methods in Animal Breeding: Teaching with Self-Instructional Modules

The number of students enrolling annually in courses in dairy science at Michigan State University has tripled in the past 10 yr, and doubled in 5 yr while there has been no increase in number of faculty. Students times credit hours have now reached approximately 6,000 per year (1). Enrollment in Introduct ion to Dairy Production (DRY 214) has increased from 246 students in 1 9 6 8 6 9 to 503 students in 1976-77 . In addit ion to being more numerous, students are more heterogeneous in both experiential and academic backgrounds. Many of these students have not lived on a farm, and some never had observed a cow closely. During 1976--77, 44 different majors were represented in the course. The range of classes included 2% graduate, 14% seniors, 18% juniors, 40% sophomores, and 26% freshmen. Complicating the task of instruction in DRY 214 is the range of subjects and the consequent burden on a single lecturer. This course introduces various areas in dairy production and advanced courses offered by the Dairy Science Department. Dairy majors and students in preveterinary medicine are required to complete DRY 214. To increase instructional efficiency and to enhance learning, the dairy science faculty under took an instructional improvement project. The project has been supported by the college, university, and industry (1). Part of the project is development of a learning center within the department to provide a site for auto-tutorial instruction with units of Structured Learning and Training Environment (SLATE) and a site for laboratorial activities and demonstrat ions in a flexible multi-use facility. A teaching specialist was hired by the department to manage the learning center and
MANAGING THE DECISION SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY: A CASE FOR ETHICAL ANALYSIS?*

After ten years of rapid, if sometimes chaotic growth, it is time to reflect upon where Decision Sciences is headed. At stake are the essential questions of (1) should the growth of the discipline be managed, and if so (2) how should it be managed and who should do the managing? I argue that the growth of the discipline should be managed rather than be dictated by the technological imperative that states that any envisioned application of quantitative methods should be implemented. Moreover, I argue that, since to a large degree the implementation decision is an ethical question, the individual decision scientist must ultimately be held accountable. Finally, I suggest that Glenn Stassen's social ethic paradigm may be a useful vehicle for resolving intradiscipline conflicts. These abstract ideas are concretized by examining the growth of the area of artificial intelligence.