cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ImmunoPET Imaging of αvβ6 Expression Using an Engineered Anti-αvβ6 Cys-diabody Site-Specifically Radiolabeled with Cu-64: Considerations for Optimal Imaging with Antibody Fragments.

Purpose Increased expression of the αvβ6 integrin correlates with advanced tumor grade and poor clinical outcome, identifying αvβ6 as a prognostic indicator and an attractive target for molecular imaging. This work investigated the ability of a disulfide-stabilized [64Cu]NOTA-αvβ6 cys-diabody to image αvβ6 expression in vivo using a nu/nu mouse model bearing human melanoma xenografts and positron-emission tomography.
A 12‐week integrative exercise program improves self‐reported mindfulness and interoceptive awareness in war veterans with posttraumatic stress symptoms

Objective Innovative approaches to the treatment of war-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are needed. We report on secondary psychological outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of integrative exercise (IE) using aerobic and resistance exercise with mindfulness-based principles and yoga. We expected—in parallel to observed improvements in PTSD intensity and quality of life—improvements in mindfulness, interoceptive bodily awareness, and positive states of mind. Method A total of 47 war veterans with PTSD were randomized to 12-week IE versus waitlist. Changes in mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, and states of mind were assessed by self-report standard measures. Results Large effect sizes for the intervention were observed on Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Non-Reactivity (d = .85), Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Body Listening (d = .80), and Self-Regulation (d = 1.05). Conclusion In a randomized controlled trial of a 12-week IE program for war veterans with PTSD, we saw significant improvements in mindfulness, interoceptive bodily awareness, and positive states of mind compared to a waitlist.
Fucoxanthin and Its Metabolite Fucoxanthinol Do Not Induce Browning in Human Adipocytes

Rodent studies suggest that the antiobesity effects of fucoxanthin relate to activation of brown fat and conversion of white adipocytes to the brown phenotype. To evaluate the browning effect in human adipocytes, we investigated the genes involved in browning and measured the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. Relative to control, fucoxanthinol (1 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.01 μM, 1 nM, 0.1 nM), the metabolite present in human plasma, stimulated lipolysis acutely (mean ± SEM: 4.2 ± 0.8, 3.1 ± 0.6, 4.1 ± 0.9, 3.8 ± 0.7, 3.8 ± 0.7, respectively, p 0.05). Thus, in human adipocytes, fucoxanthin and its metabolite do not stimulate conversion of ...
Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among females and males, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2007–2016

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been routinely recommended at age 11–12 years in the United States for females since 2006 and males since 2011. Coverage can be estimated using self/parent-reported HPV vaccination collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for a wider age range than other national surveys. We assessed vaccination coverage in 2015–2016, temporal trends by age, and the validity of self/parent-reported vaccination status. Methods Participants aged 9–59 years completed an interview collecting demographic and vaccination information. Weighted coverage was estimated for two-year NHANES cycles by age group for 2007–2008 to 2015–2016 for females (N = 14318) and 2011–2012 to 2015–2016 for males (N = 7847). Temporal trends in coverage were assessed from 2007–2008 to 2011–2012 for females and from 2011–2012 to 2015–2016 for both sexes. Sensitivity and specificity of self/parent-reported vaccination were assessed using provider-verified vaccination records from a pilot study in 14–29 year-olds. Results In 2015–2016, ≥1 dose coverage among females was highest in 14–19 (54.7%) and 20–24 (56.0%) year-olds and lower in successively older age groups. Among males, ≥1 dose coverage was highest in 14–19 year-olds (39.5%) and lower at older ages. Coverage was similar in 9–13 year-old females and males. Between 2007–2008 and 2011–2012, there were increases among females younger than 30 years. Between 2011–2012 and 2015–2016, there were increases among female age groups including 20–39 year-olds; male coverage increased among ages 9–13, 14–19, and 20–24 years. Self/parent-reported receipt of ≥1 dose had a sensitivity and specificity of 87.0% and 83.3%. Performance was lower for 3 doses. Conclusions While overall HPV vaccination coverage remains low, it is higher in females than males, except in 9–13 year-olds. There have been increases in coverage among many age groups, but coverage has stalled in younger females. Adequate validity was demonstrated for self/parent-reported vaccination of ≥1 dose, but not 3 doses, in a pilot study.
Denosumab: AHFS 92:24

Therapeutic Reviews aim to provide essential independent information for health professionals about drugs used in palliative and hospice care. Additional content is available on www.palliativedrugs.com. Country-specific books (Hospice and Palliative Care Formulary USA, and Palliative Care Formulary, British and Canadian editions) are also available and can be ordered from www.palliativedrugs.com. The series editors welcome feedback on the articles (hq@palliativedrugs.com).
Extended solid solutions in CdZn powders by mechanical alloying

Although a number of publications have appeared in recent years on the amorphization of alloy powders by MA, very few papers dealt with the formation of intermetallic compounds and very few with the synthesis of supersaturated solid solutions. Several authors have argued that large extensions in solid solubility are lacking in the Cd-Zn system because the T[sub o] lines (locus of temperatures at which the solid and liquid phases have the same free energy at a given composition) for the terminal Cd and Zn phases are very steep making large solubility extension even under the non-equilibrium RS conditions impossible. On the other hand, the T[sub o] curves for systems such as Cu-Ag and Ag-Pt are continuous with a minimum occurring below the eutectic temperature. Thus, rapid solidification of liquid alloys to a temperature below T[sub o] resulted in massive (or partitionless) solidification in the Cu-Ag and Ag-Pt systems at all compositions. It has also been recently shown that MA can lead to formation of solid solutions over the entire composition range in the Cu-Ag system. In this paper the authors present results of MA of blended elemental Cd and Zn powders and formation of a supersaturated solid solution of Znmore » in the Cd matrix.« less
Crinoids Aweigh: Experimental Biomechanics of Ancyrocrinus Holdfasts

Immobile suspension feeders living on soft substrates, although rare in modern marine habitats, were relatively common in the Paleozoic. Numerous Paleozoic taxa have been interpreted as dwelling on soft unconsolidated sediments and possessing morphologic features that either prevented them from sinking (e.g., strophomenid brachiopods) or anchored them to the sea floor (e.g., crinoid holdfasts). The quantitative expression of the static stresses for forms living on soft, muddy bottoms developed by Thayer (1975) can be easily modified to describe the forces involved in anchoring. One of the more unusual putative anchoring structures is the “grapnel” holdfast of the Devonian crinoid Ancyrocrinus. This form does not match the paradigm for most typical current anchoring structures, lacking recurved, pointed, and flattened lateral processes. Its form is suggestive, however, of the modern, nautical mushroom anchors deployed on muddy bottoms. Plaster casts of the Ancyrocrinus holdfast were used to quantify the actual forces involved in penetrating, being pulled out of, or dragged across soft substrates. The forces were measured using a digital force gauge mounted on a motorized test stand. Substrates used included fine quartz sand, pure kaolin mud, and coarse carbonate sand. The holdfasts readily penetrated soft mud, but encountered much greater resistance in fine sand. They did, however, readily penetrate the latter substrate when rocked, supporting the comparison with mushroom anchors. Holdfasts do not penetrate the sediment when dragged across it, suggesting a minimal ability to passively anchor in this way. Simple calculations of the sinking velocity of Ancyrocrinus suggest that when dislodged, they would have easily reimplanted in soft substrates.
Possible Future Work

The following possible future work is suggested (Phase IIC) to further understand protection requirements for bulk packaged small format Li-ion batteries in rack storage configurations: Determine the overall effectiveness of reduced-scale testing through additional reduced commodity tests utilizing power tool packs and/or possibly including additional small format Li-ion batteries with appreciable amounts of plastics, such as portable computer batteries; Determine the effectiveness of reduced-scale testing through additional reduced commodity tests using hard case bulk packaged prismatic format cells; Determine the effectiveness of reduced-scale testing through additional reduced commodity tests using an internal cell fault scenario; Develop, as possible, both reduced-scale and full-scale testing protocols based on the results of additional reduced commodity tests; Re-evaluate single credible worst-case commodity for testing based on any additional reduced-scale testing conducted; Develop and execute a full-scale testing protocol utilizing water as the extinguishing agent for full-scale testing of the chosen single credible worst case Li-ion battery commodity. Use the testing protocol to evaluate both ceiling only and in-rack protection strategies for various storage heights and arrangements and to include an assessment of sprinkler system and firefighting runoff water impact on the environment, as well as flaming projectiles and any potential re-ignition scenarios; and Make final protection system recommendations and fire service overhaul guidelines.
“Critical Experiments with Concrete-Reflected Fast Test Reactor Fuel Pins in Water,”

Criticality benchmark-type data are obtained on four undermoderated FTR (Fast Test Reactor) fuel pin-water lattices with concrete reflection. The experiments were designed to serve as benchmarks for validating computer codes and nuclear data used in calculations of mixed plutonium and uranium systems. These particular experiments provide measurement data on concrete reflectors that can be used for checking not only ''concrete cross sections''but also the computer modeling of systems involving concrete reflectors. 1 ref.
LICIT AND ILLICIT DRUGS: PATTERNS OF USE

Data obtained from an epidemiologic study of a random sample of 1645 adults in a southeastern county show that 36% had taken psychotropic medications, 26% sedatives, 14% stimulants, 9% hallucinogens and 65% alcohol at some time in their lives. Psychotropic agents were used by larger percentages of middle-aged, female, white, widowed and divorced respondents than by others. Sedatives were used by larger percentages of older, female, white and widowed respondents than by others in the respective groups. Stimulants were used by larger percentages of younger, white, middle socioeconomic status (SES) groups and single and divorced respondents than by others. The use of these licit drugs appears to be associated, to some extent, with higher scores on scales measuring emotional distress. But the use of hallucinogens, mainly by the young, male, white, middle-SES single respondents, appears to be a cultural phenomenon. The use of alcohol was reported more frequently by young and middle-aged respondents, males, whites, those in the upper socioeconomic groups and the single and divorced than by their counterparts. The linear relationships between the greater frequency of alcohol use and high SES indicates that alcohol consumption may be a characteristic of upper SES life styles.
Causal and Mechanistic Explanations, and a Lesson from Ecology

Jani Raerinne and Lindley Darden argue that causal claims are not sufficiently explanatory, and causal talk should be replaced with mechanistic talk. I examine several examples from ecological research, two of which rely on causal models and structural equation modeling, to show that the assertions of Raerinne and of Darden have to be reconsidered.
Divergent Diels-Alder Reactions in the Biosynthesis and Synthesis of Endiandric-Type Tetracycles: A Computational Study.

Endiandric acids and related polyketide natural products arise from polyene precursors and occur naturally as fused and bridged tetracycles. In some cases, the intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions that produce fused and bridged tetracycles result from a diene tether that may act as either a 4π or 2π component in the cycloaddition. To examine the preference for fused or bridged products, we applied density functional theory (using the M06-2X and B3LYP functionals) to reactants with various substituents for both fused and bridged transition states. Fused products were generally preferred except when disfavored by extreme steric hindrance (e.g., a tert-butyl group). These computational results are consistent with experimental data and suggest the existence of as-yet undiscovered natural products.
Profiles of heart failure in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease

Abstract Heart failure is an important cause of late morbidity and mortality in children, adolescents, and young adults with congenital heart disease. Heart failure is the first cause of mortality in adult congenital heart disease population accounting for 30% to 50% of death while the incidence related to ventricular arrhythmias accounts for another 20%. Symptomatic heart failure requiring hospitalization is associated with 3% to 5% mortality during hospital stay and a 25% incidence of death within the first year after admission. Patients at highest risk for death as a result of heart failure are those with single-ventricle physiology or systemic right ventricular anatomy; however, patients with left-sided obstruction or chronic volume overloaded right ventricle are also at a higher risk than the general population. Medical therapy is scarcely effective in most cases of congenital heart disease related heart failure in children, adolescents and young adults. Lack of donors limits access to heart transplantation and results in adult congenital heart disease population are worse than those in other cardiac populations with heart failure.
Weighted Least-Squares Cell-Average Gradient Construction Methods for the VULCAN-CFD Second-Order Accurate Unstructured-Grid Cell-Centered Finite-Volume Solver

The ability to solve the equations governing the hypersonic turbulent flow of a real gas on unstructured grids using a spatially-elliptic, 2nd-order accurate, cell-centered, finite-volume method has been recently implemented in the VULCAN-CFD code. The construction of cell-average gradients using a weighted linear least-squares method and the use of these gradients in the construction of the inviscid fluxes is the focus of this paper. A comparison of least-squares stencil construction methodologies is presented and approaches to augment the number of cells participating in the stencil while preserving accuracy are explored. Due to our interest in hypersonic flow, a robust multidimensional cell-average gradient limiter procedure that is consistent with the stencil used to construct the cell-average gradients is described and investigated. Canonical problems are computed to illustrate the challenges and investigate the accuracy, robustness and convergence behavior of the cell-average gradient methods on unstructured cell-centered finite-volume grids. Finally, thermally perfect, chemically frozen, Mach 8 turbulent flow of air around a blunt wedge is computed to demonstrate the robustness and convergence behavior of the new method for constructing stencils of use in a weighted linear least-squares gradient method for a hypersonic flow.
Atomic gold and palladium negative ion-catalysis of water to peroxide: fundamental mechanism

We have performed dispersion-corrected density-functional transition state calculations on atomic Au and atomic Pd anion catalysis of water to peroxide. From the energy barrier calculations and the thermodynamics of the reactions, we conclude that the atomic Au anion is an excellent catalyst; however, by comparison the atomic Pd anion has a higher catalytic effect on the formation of peroxide. The formation of [Au(H2O)2] and [Pd(H2O)2] anion molecular complexes in the transition state is identified as the fundamental mechanism for breaking the hydrogen bonding strength during the water catalysis, namely, the mechanism of nanocatalysis through negative ion resonances. Our theoretical results provide crucial insight into the mechanism of atomic Au and atomic Pd anion catalysis in good agreement with recent experimental observations.
Public news, stock-market reactions, and bidding behavior in private merger negotiations

Using unique, hand-gathered data, this paper examines how public news about the target firm released publicly during the private merger negotiation process affects bidding strategies. We provide strong evidence that market reactions to information events during the private sale process have a substantial impact on takeover prices. However, the sensitivity of private bids to target-firm public market returns varies significantly depending on the source of the news. Moreover, bidders are more sensitive to news releases in their first private bids and have lower sensitivity to news released when they make bid revisions after the initial private bid submission. In general, bid responses to positive news are stronger than bid responses to negative news. Overall, our findings provide novel evidence suggesting that the market reactions to the release of information during merger negotiations have important implications for takeover costs.
The Immediacy of Genome Editing and Mitochondrial Replacement

After human DNA was first defined in 1953, the parallel science of assisted reproductive technology achieved a successful human birth through in vitro fertilization in 1978. Science then went on to facilitate gestational surrogacy, banking human reproductive materials, such as embryos, and greater opportunities for couples and individuals to become parents. Fertility clinics were established throughout the world to help persons and couples achieve parenthood, contributing to a steady increase in babies born through assisted reproductive means. Gradually, both federal and state laws in the United States were enacted to collect data from the fertility clinics, mandate insurance coverage of assisted reproductive procedures, prohibit funding for human embryo research, and either forbid or enable surrogacy contracts. Societal changes occurred, too, including marriage entitlement for same-sex couples, a dramatic rise in the number of nonmarital cohabitants, and the rapid pace of scientific achievements related to human reproduction. Throughout this evolutionary period there was a concomitant increase in transnational scientific cooperation, illustrated by international committees and treaties. By utilizing medical tourism, individuals who could afford to do so imposed their own medical needs on foreign scientific communities. The global scientific community became increasingly aware that it was now possible to edit both the human genome and a woman's egg to eliminate mitochondrial disease. Both genome editing andmitochondrial replacement have the potential to eliminate serious disease and vastly improve human society. Amidst this scientific optimism, companies that are able to harness the power of new technological achievements have opportunities for monetary gains. However, there are also drawbacks which include the ethical and moral concerns over possible misuse of human materials; the opportunity to create designer babies; the unknown ramifications upon the human germline; the lack of consent of any resulting child; the disparity in the ability to pay for treatment; and the impact on the racial, gender, and the physical plurality existent in human society.
Screening with a high-precision blood-based assay for Alzheimer disease.

The use of biomarkers for defining the pathobiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) has had a transformative effect on the field, facilitating disease detection prior to autopsy, as well as substantially altering clinical trial design.1 In the last 5–10 years, there has been a substantial shift toward using amyloid PET in human research, as well as clinically, to rule out AD (a negative scan meaning little or no plaque is present). Likewise, obtaining a sample of CSF via lumbar puncture provides a plethora of information on amyloid plaque burden, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and gliosis. While amyloid PET and CSF β-amyloid (Aβ)42/Aβ40 have excellent diagnostic accuracy, and correspond well with plaque burden measured postmortem,2 it is widely recognized that access to a simple blood test for AD would change the field yet again.
Time, History and Memory: The Mythical Bongobondhu and the Birthing of Bangladeshi National Memories and Counter Memories

In this paper I focus on the social dimensions of historical remembering within the context of a mnemonic community to (re-)create myths about a particular past. Here, I explore the creation storie...
Oversight of Right‐to‐Try and Expanded Access Requests for Off‐Trial Access to Investigational Drugs

For decades, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided an "expanded access" pathway that allows patients who meet qualifying conditions to gain access outside a clinical trial to an investigational medical product being tested to see if it is safe and effective for a specific use. The Right to Try (RTT) Act, enacted in 2018, created a second mechanism for off-trial, or non-trial, access to investigational drugs. In contrast to the expanded access pathway, the federal RTT pathway does not require the involvement of the FDA or an institutional review board (IRB). Given that physicians, drug manufacturers, and medical institutions now have a choice whether to assist individual patients through the expanded access or the federal RTT pathway, we review the differences between these options and discuss the benefits and burdens of IRB involvement in requests to access interventions through the pathways. We also suggest ways in which IRB oversight may be further improved.
Absence of unidirectionally propagating surface plasmon-polaritons at nonreciprocal metal-dielectric interfaces.

In the presence of an external magnetic field, the surface plasmon polariton that exists at the metal-dielectric interface is believed to support a unidirectional frequency range near the surface plasmon frequency, where the surface plasmon polariton propagates along one but not the opposite direction. Recent works have pointed to some of the paradoxical consequences of such a unidirectional range, including in particular the violation of the time-bandwidth product constraint that should otherwise apply in general in static systems. Here we show that such a unidirectional frequency range is nonphysical using both a general thermodynamic argument and a detailed calculation based on a nonlocal hydrodynamic Drude model for the metal permittivity. Our calculation reveals that the surface plasmon-polariton at metal-dielectric interfaces remains bidirectional for all frequencies. The local Drude model predicts that, under certain conditions, surface plasmon polaritons at a metal-dielectric surface have a frequency range where only unidirectional propagation is supported. Here, the authors show that in more realistic non-local models surface plasmon polaritons exhibit bidirectional propagation for all frequencies.
White-tailed deer use of overstory hardwoods in longleaf pine woodlands

Abstract Restoration of the longleaf pine ecosystem is a conservation priority throughout the southeastern United States, but the role of hardwoods in providing food and cover for wildlife within this system is poorly understood. We investigated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) movement and habitat selection relative to overstory hardwood distribution in a longleaf pine ecosystem at Fort Bragg Military Installation in the Sandhills physiographic region of North Carolina from March 2011–July 2013. We monitored GPS-collared female white-tailed deer and used generalized linear mixed models and step-selection functions to determine the influence of overstory composition and understory cover on seasonal white-tailed deer habitat selection. During fall and winter, deer selection increased with increasing upland hardwood overstory until reaching an upper threshold (12% and 7%; respectively) where increasing cover of upland hardwoods no longer increased selection. Also, in the fall and winter, deer selected areas with greater bottomland hardwood overstory until an upper threshold of 33% bottomland hardwood overstory was reached. In the spring, deer selected areas with
SWARM: A regional health system’s intervention approach to COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing and adult care homes in rural eastern North Carolina

Background: Incessant, COVID-19 outbreaks occurring in nursing and adult care homes are a serious public health concern that continues to create significant healthcare crisis management challenges. Adult care facilities often lack in-house capacity and capability to safely treat its ill residents, while hospitals are strained to balance the influx of patients, allocate scarce resources and protect healthcare workers. Objectives: This project sought to implement a regional, community engaged, intervention model to assist nursing and adult care homes in reducing or preventing outbreaks and risks associated with COVID-19 in rural eastern North Carolina (N.C.). Methods: Design/Setting: Through collaborations between Vidant Health (VH), health departments and a network of community partners, a shared intervention plan was created and implemented to monitor nursing and adult care homes for COVID-19-related outbreaks across 29 counties in rural eastern N.C. A “Strike” team or “Swarm (SWARM) approach was developed as an operationalized concept for rapidly responding to nursing and adult care home outbreaks while providing an array of services and interventions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. Comparative analysis was conducted between the mean number of COVID-19-related cases, deaths and length of outbreak time in VH service contracted, SWARM facilities (n = 12) and all other non-service contracted, or non-SWARM facilities (n = 155) in N.C. Results: Nursing and adult care homes under service contract using our SWARM approach experienced fewer average number of COVID-19-related resident ill cases (24.4 vs 29.0), and deaths (1.2 vs. 3.9). The length of outbreak recovery time was far less among SWARM facilities than non-participating, non-SWARM facilities (17.1 vs. 25.4; p < .034). Conclusions: By actively monitoring key indicators, engaging in daily communication with local partners and providing rapid response, VH’s SWARM approach provides a proactive method for preventing further spread of COVID-19 in adult care facilities and communities.
The effect of dietary protein on performance and immune response in weanling pigs subjected to an inflammatory challenge.

A total of 96, 21-d-old, crossbred weanling pigs (average initial weight was 6.0 kg) were assigned to one of six treatments to investigate the effect of dietary protein on performance and immune function of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged and unchallenged pigs. A control diet was formulated to contain 14.7 MJ of DE/kg, 14 g of CP/MJ of DE, and 7 g of lysine/100 g of CP. Diets low and high in protein were formulated by changing protein levels to 60 or 120% of the control diet. On d 7 and 21, pigs were challenged with either a LPS solution or a saline solution. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was measured 2 d after LPS challenges and antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or ovalbumin was measured 3 d after the challenges. Gain and feed consumption were determined 3 d after each LPS injection and at weekly intervals for a total period of 5 wk. Injection of LPS decreased daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and efficiency of protein utilization (P .10). Daily gain and feed efficiency were improved when protein level was increased from 60 to 100% of the control diet (P < .01). Efficiency of protein utilization for weight gain was lower when the 120% protein diet was fed (P < .01). Antibody response to SRBC or ovalbumin was not affected by treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parental and Child Anxiety Perioperatively: Relationship, Repercussions, and Recommendations.

Abstract Purpose Elective surgical procedures predictably cause stress and anxiety for children and their parents. This can have a negative effect on the child's short-term and long-term psychological and physiological outcomes. This narrative review examines perioperative child anxiety and existing interventions to reduce child and parent perioperative anxiety. The aim was to identify a need and gaps in knowledge for future study. Design Peer-reviewed articles were examined to identify themes in the literature on interventions in place to reduce child and parent perioperative anxiety and to identify any gaps in knowledge for future study. Methods A narrative review of 62 peer-reviewed articles was conducted. Findings Evidence of themes aimed at lowering perioperative child anxiety using medication, cognitive educational, and play therapy approaches emerged through the literature search. A relationship between parental anxiety and the effect on the child's anxiety was supported, yet interventions that target the parent were limited cognitive education interventions and were found to be implemented only in a small number of hospitals. Conclusions A clear gap is the lack of research on the effects of parental interventions on the short-term and long-term negative behavioral and physiological outcomes of child perioperative anxiety. Research is needed to further explore the effect of a preoperative psychotherapeutic intervention to allow parents to express anxieties and discuss them with a trained professional in the absence of children. A systematic review or further research would help determine if a psychotherapeutic intervention for the parents would lower child anxiety perioperatively.
Supporting the Implementation of Evidence-Based Behavior Management Practices through Simulation: A Mixed Method Study

Simulation training models, such as Interactive Virtual Training for Teachers (IVT-T), have relevance to consultation and show promise in supporting teachers who need behavior management support. U...
Posterior Cranial Vault Distraction Osteogenesis Utilizing a Posterior-Superior Distraction Vector in the Treatment of Mercedes Benz Pattern Craniosynostosis.

ABSTRACT Bilateral lambdoid and sagittal synostosis, or Mercedes Benz Syndrome, is a rare complex craniosynostosis resulting in frontal bossing, a tapered posterior fossa, and an anteriorly displaced cranial vertex. Its ideal surgical correction must result in posterior expansion, skull elongation, and caudal repositioning of the vertex. We present a craniometric analysis of skull changes with posterior-superior distraction and introduce a novel craniometric measure: vertex position. In this study, a retrospective review was performed to analyze outcomes of posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) using a posterior-superior distraction vector from 2016 to 2019. Cranial vertex position was measured as a fraction of the occipitofrontal diameter from rostral to caudal (0-1.0). Four patients underwent PVDO at mean age 10.61 ± 3.16 months utilizing a posterior-superior distraction vector. Linear distraction distance averaged 30.30 ± 0.90 mm with a mean consolidation period of 3.98 ± 0.72 months. Mean corrected change in intra-cranial volume was 236.30 ± 3.71 mL, at an average rate of 7.81 ± 2.00 mL/mm of distraction. Increases in anterior cranial height (7.83 ± 2.51 mm), middle cranial height (8.43 ± 4.21 mm), posterior cranial height (13.15 ± 7.45 mm), and posterior cranial fossa height (21.99 ± 8.55 mm) were observed. Cranial vertex demonstrated a mean posterior movement of 0.18 ± 0.13. PVDO utilizing a posterior-superior distraction vector for management of nonsyndromic bilateral lambdoid and sagittal synostosis effectively increases intracranial volume and height and provides an esthetic outcome with posterior movement of the cranial vertex.
Investigating the Relationship Between Accessibility of Green Space and Adult Obesity Rates: A Secondary Data Analysis in the United States.

OBJECTIVES In spite of the importance of green space for reducing obesity-related problems, there has been little exploration of whether access to green space (e.g., parks and recreational facilities) influences the obesity rate of adults in the United States. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among accessibility of green space, obesity rates, and socioeconomic and demographic variables among adults living in the State of Indiana, United States. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis to investigate the relationships among accessibility to green space, obesity rates, and socio-demographic variables with employing Geographic Information System in order to measure the accessibility of green space. RESULTS This study found that accessibility of green space served as a strong predictor of reduced obesity rates among adults (β=-2.478; p<0.10). In addition, adults with higher education levels, as well as better access to green space, were found to have even lower obesity rates (β=-0.188; p<0.05). Other control variables such as unemployment rates, food security, and physical inactivity are additional factors that influence obesity rates among adults. CONCLUSIONS Accessibility of green space may play an important role in facilitating physical activity participation and reducing obesity rates.
Abstract TP344: Stat6 Signaling in Microglia/macrophage is Critical for Functional Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Objective: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating medical condition that remains a leading cause of death and long term disability in the US. Hematoma triggers a cascade of signaling event...
Insulin Sensitivity After Living Donor Nephrectomy.

ABSTRACT Background The kidney is essential for glucose and insulin metabolism. Living kidney donors (LKDs) experience a reduction in glomerular filtration rate of 25 to 30 mL/min after donor nephrectomy. Little is known about the effect of glomerular filtration rate decline on insulin sensitivity in LKDs. Methods We conducted a prospective pilot study on 9 LKDs (N = 9) who underwent dynamic metabolic testing (mixed meal tolerance test) to measure proxies of insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, the area under curve [AUC] for insulin/glucose ratio, and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) before and 3 months after donor nephrectomy. The primary outcome was the change in insulin sensitivity indices (delta [post-nephrectomy – pre-nephrectomy]). Results Four of the donors had a body mass index (BMI) between 32.0 and 36.7 predonation. Post–donor nephrectomy, compared with prenephrectomy values, median insulin AUC increased from 60.7 to 101.7 hr*mU/mL (delta median 33.3, P = .04) without significant change in median glucose AUC levels from 228.9 to 209.3 hr*mg/dL (delta median 3.2, P = .77). There was an increase in the median homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance from 2 to 2.9 (delta median 0.8, P = .03) and the AUC insulin/glucose ratio from 30.9 to 62.1 pmol/mmol (delta median 17.5, P = .001), whereas the median Matsuda insulin sensitivity index decreased from 5.9 to 2.9 (delta median −2, P = .05). The changes were more pronounced in obese (BMI >32) donors. Conclusion LKDs appear to have a trend toward a decline in insulin sensitivity post–donor nephrectomy in the short term, especially in obese donors (BMI >32). Further investigation with a larger sample size and longer follow-up is needed.
Association of Limited In-Person Attendance in US National Football League and National Collegiate Athletic Association Games With County-Level COVID-19 Cases.

Importance: In 2020 and early 2021, the National Football League (NFL) and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) opted to host football games in stadiums across the country. The in-person attendance of games varied with time and from county to county. There is currently no evidence on whether limited in-person attendance of games is associated with COVID-19 case numbers on a county-level. Objective: To assess whether NFL and NCAA football games with limited in-person attendance were associated with increased COVID-19 cases in the counties they were held compared with a matched set of counties. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this time-series cross-sectional study, every county hosting NFL or NCAA games with in-person attendance (treated group) in 2020 and 2021 was matched with a county that that did not host a game on the corresponding day but had an identical game history for up to 14 days prior (control group). A standard matching method was used to further refine this matched set so that the treated and matched control counties had similar population size, nonpharmaceutical interventions in place, and COVID-19 trends. The association of hosting games with in-person attendance with COVID-19 cases was assessed using a difference-in-difference estimator. Data were analyzed from August 29 to December 28, 2020. Exposures: Hosting NFL or NCAA games. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was estimation of new COVID-19 cases per 100â¯000 residents at the county level reported up to 14 days after a game among counties with NFL and NCAA games with in-person attendance. Results: A total of 528 games with in-person attendance (101 NFL games [19.1%]; 427 NCAA games [80.9%]) were included. The matching algorithm returned 361 matching sets of counties. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of attendance for NFL games was 9949 (6000 to 13â¯797) people. The median number of attendance for NCAA games was not available, and attendance was recorded as a binary variable. The median (IQR) daily new COVID-19 cases in treatment group counties hosting games was 26.14 (10.77-50.25) cases per 100â¯000 residents on game day. The median (IQR) daily new COVID-19 cases in control group counties where no games were played was 24.11 (9.64-48.55) cases per 100â¯000 residents on game day. The treatment effect size ranged from -5.17 to 4.72, with a mean (SD) of 1.21 (2.67) cases per 100â¯000 residents, within the 14-day period in all counties hosting the games, and the daily treatment effect trend remained relatively steady during this period. Conclusions and Relevance: This cross-sectional study did not find a consistent increase in the daily COVID-19 cases per 100â¯000 residents in counties where NFL and NCAA games were held with limited in-person attendance. These findings suggest that NFL and NCAA football games hosted with limited in-person attendance were not associated with substantial risk for increased local COVID-19 cases.
Launching to the Moon and Beyond: Ares I and V Updates

This slide presentation reviews the progress made on the Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles. Slides reviewing NASA's Mission, timetable and the Launch Vehicle comparisons between the shuttle and the Saturn V vehicles and the Ares I and V launch vehicles are shown. The elements of the Ares I is reviewed in detail with a slide showing Ares I Lunar mission profile. The Ares I-X test flight is reviewed. The Ares V elements are reviewed in a slide and the Ares V lunar profile is also shown. The progress made in this project is reviewed. Charts diagramming the production facilities at the Michoud Assembly Facility, and the manufacturing flow are displayed.
Sensitivity of AIRSAR data to changes in component biomass for BOREAS jack pine stands

As part of the BOREAS experiment, the relationship between the components of stand biomass and the radar backscattering coefficients are examined. Four jack pine stands with broadly varying biomass statistics are compared to AIRSAR P-band data. Even age stands have been chosen with biomass values ranging from 10 to 200 t/ha. Stand statistics, architecture, dielectric constants and forest surface characteristics have been measured and the biomass of trunks, branches and needles have been computed for each stand. A two layer distorted Born forest model (single scatter) has been used to compute the like polarized backscatter at P-band. The results are in general agreement with the AIRSAR data. The sensitivity of backscatter to changes in biomass is evaluated by using the forest model. Analysis shows the P-band backscatter is most sensitive to changes in trunk biomass, however certain anomalous parameter ranges do exist.
Student-reported satisfaction with academic enhancement services at an academic health science center

Background: Although support services are needed to address students' concerns associated with academic demands, there is little research exploring these interventions within health sciences education. The current study examined students' perceptions of academic enhancement services at an academic health science center. Methods: Academic enhancement services provided to students included assessment of learning approaches and problems interfering with academic performance. Specific services may have addressed the transition to professional school, study skills assessment and training, time management and organization, testing strategies, clarifying career goals and interests, increasing self-confidence and coping with self-doubt, coping with depression and/or anxiety, stress management, relationship issues, and/or loss and bereavement. All students receiving academic enhancement services received a survey for programmatic improvement at the end of each semester. The online survey was voluntary and anonymous and solicited feedback about the students' experiences. Results: Sixty-three percent of respondents ( N = 104; 62% female, 38% male; 62% White, 27% Black/African American, 10% Asian; 2% Hispanic) reported receiving a one-session intervention, while 34% received 2-6 sessions. Eighty-three percent of respondents reported that academic enhancement services improved their situation and 89% reported overall satisfaction. The individual services rated as most helpful addressed time management, study skills training, increasing self-confidence, and testing strategies. Discussion: It is recommended that health science centers (i) consider providing brief-term academic enhancement services to students addressing time management/organization, study skills, self-confidence, and testing strategies and (ii) engage in empirical investigations of these academic interventions.
Early post-operative ventricular arrhythmias in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices.

Background Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are common in patients with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD). The causes and clinical significance of early post-operative VAs have not previously been characterized in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, precipitants, and clinical impact of early VAs in patients supported by CF-LVADs. Methods Patients with a long-term CF-LVAD receiving care between January 1, 2012, and March 1, 2014, were enrolled and followed prospectively. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) were interrogated at baseline and throughout the follow-up period. VA was defined as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation lasting >30 seconds or effectively terminated by appropriate ICD tachytherapy or external defibrillation. The primary end-point was the occurrence of early VAs (within 30 days of surgery). Secondary end-points were right ventricular (RV) failure and need for VA ablation. Results There were 162 patients enrolled, and 38 (23.5%) experienced at least 1 early VA. Predictors of early VA were a history of pre-operative VAs, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, and older age. Several conditions frequently encountered in the early post-operative period were identified as possible precipitants for VA episodes. Early VAs were associated with post-operative RV failure, particularly when patients received shocks instead of anti-tachycardia pacing. Conclusions Early VAs are common and are associated with RV failure. ICD shocks, but not anti-tachycardia pacing, for early VAs are associated with acute worsening of RV failure.
Economization of Education: Human Capital, Global Corporations, Skills-Based Schooling

Chapter 1 Economization and Corporatization of Education. Chapter 2 OECD: The Economization of Test Scores. Chapter 3 Skills: The New Global Currency. Chapter 4 World Bank: "Our Dream Is a World Free of Poverty". Chapter 5 The World Economic Forum: Partnerships and Entrepreneurship Education for Global Businesses. Chapter 6 Economization of the Family and Childhood: Educating the Corporate Personality. Chapter 7 The Confluence of Business Interests, Economic Theories, Governments and Educators: Go to School to Learn Job Skills.
Time corrections to teleseismic P delays derived from SKS splitting parameters and implications for western U.S. P‐wave tomography

[1] Upper mantle anisotropy will affect teleseismic P-wave arrival times and create artifacts in isotropic travel-time tomography. Compiled SKS splitting results indicate variations in the strength and orientation of azimuthal anisotropy beneath the western U.S. We use SKS splitting parameters and a hexagonally anisotropic elastic tensor (fast symmetry axis) to estimate azimuthal anisotropy contributions to P-wave delay times and evaluate the effects on isotropic P-wave tomography. Estimated anisotropy correction times have a root-mean-square (RMS) value of 0.16 s, which is 37% of P-wave delay time RMS. The magnitude of azimuthal anisotropy, rather than its azimuth, has the strongest effect on P delay times; however, if the anisotropy symmetry axis has a plunge, P-wave travel times may be strongly affected by both magnitude and azimuth. Applying azimuthal anisotropy corrections significantly increases tomographic P-wave velocity beneath the High Lava Plains and central California coast, and decreases velocity beneath the Great Basin.
Carrier scattering, mobilities, and electrostatic potential in monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene

The carrier density and temperature dependence of the Hall mobility in monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene has been systematically studied. We found that as the carrier density increases, the mobility decreases for monolayer graphene, while it increases for bilayer/trilayer graphene. This can be explained by the different density of states in monolayer and bilayer/trilayer graphenes. In monolayer, the mobility also decreases with increasing temperature primarily due to substrate surface polar phonon scattering. In bilayer/trilayer graphene, on the other hand, the mobility increases with temperature because the electric field of the substrate surface polar phonons is effectively screened by the additional graphene layer(s) and the mobility is dominated by Coulomb scattering. We also find that the temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient in monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene can be explained by the formation of electron and hole puddles in graphene. This model also explains the temperature dependence of the minimum conductance of monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene. The electrostatic potential variations across the different graphene samples are extracted.