cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS AT THE TRICRITICAL POINT IN $sup 3$He--$sup 4$He MIXTURES.

An analysis is made of the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ transition, the phase-separation transition, and the relation between the two, for mixtures of liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. Stability conditions require that ${C}_{x}$ (specific heat at constant $x$, where $x$ is the mole fraction ratio $\frac{{x}_{4}}{{x}_{3}}$ of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ to $^{3}\mathrm{He}$) be less than a certain value, or, equivalently, that ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{4}}{\ensuremath{\partial}x})}_{T}$ be positive ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{4}$ is the chemical potential of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$). The phase separation occurs when these conditions are violated. The changes in these quantities appear to occur gradually rather than suddenly, as supposed earlier by one of us. The evidence indicates that there is no real critical singularity at the tricritical point. It then seems reasonable to expand thermodynamic functions about each side of the tricritical point separately, and by thermodynamic arguments the relations between the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}$ (for the coexistence curve) and $\ensuremath{\delta}$ (for the critical isotherm) can be obtained and compared with observations.
A note on ₂-estimates for stable integrals with drift

Let X be of the form X t = ∫ t 0 b s dZ s + ∫ t 0 a s ds,t > 0, where Z is a symmetric stable process of index a 6 (1,2) with Z 0 = 0. We obtain various L 2 -estimates for the process X. In particular, for m ∈ N,t > 0, and any measurable, nonnegative function ∫ we derive the inequality As an application of the obtained estimates, we prove the existence of solutions for the stochastic equation dX t = b(X t -)dZ t + a(X t )dt for any initial value x 0 ∈ R.
Screening of Portuguese cole landraces (Brassica oleracea L.) with Leptosphaeria maculans and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Summary Fifty-six landraces of Portuguese coles (Brassica oleracea L.),representing fourteen morphotypes, were screened for resistance to Leptosphaeria maculansat the cotyledon stage . Three isolates of the pathogen belonging to three pathogenicity groups were used in the screening . The mean disease interaction phenotype of theB. oleracea landraces with the L. maculansisolates confirmed their differences in pathogenicity . When compared to pathogenicity grouping using a B. napus differential set, a different classification was observed on B. oleracea for the three L. maculansisolates, suggesting possible differences in the genetic interaction between the two plant species and the pathogen . Most of the Portuguese cole landraces were found to be susceptible to all three isolates of L. maculans,although a few have shown intermediate interaction pheno
Re-conceptualizing cognitive and affective customer–company identification: the role of self-motives and different customer-based outcomes

This article offers a new perspective on customer–company identification (CCI) by focusing on CCI’s underlying self-motives: self-uncertainty and self-enhancement. More precisely, an operationalization is proposed in which cognitive (CCICog) and affective (CCIAff) dimensions of CCI are driven by different self-motives: CCICog by self-uncertainty and CCIAff by self-enhancement. Focusing on these self-motives reveals that CCICog and CCIAff affect some customer attitudes and behaviors in opposite ways but affect other attitudes and behaviors similarly. A cross-sectional survey that examines outcomes of CCICog and CCIAff supports the proposed conceptualization of CCI and suggests the dimensions differ in how each impacts customer–company relationships. Furthermore, the study suggests that combining the dimensions together in higher order constructs or examining only one dimension can lead to misleading conclusions.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Contributes to the Late Phase of LTP and to Synaptic Growth in the Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Pathway

The expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is increased during activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity. We have found that inhibitors of tPA inhibit the late phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP) induced by either forskolin or tetanic stimulation in the hippocampal mossy fiber and Schaffer collateral pathways. Moreover, application of tPA enhances L-LTP induced by a single tetanus. Exposure of granule cells in culture to forskolin results in secretion of tPA, elongation of mossy fiber axons, and formation of new, active presynaptic varicosities contiguous to dendritic clusters of the glutamate receptor R1. These structural changes are blocked by tPA inhibitors and induced by application of tPA. Thus, tPA may be critically involved in the production of L-LTP and specifically in synaptic growth.
Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy A Case Report and Literature Review

Ischemic monomelic neuropathy is an infrequent complication associated with the creation of a hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. The etiology is unknown but most likely includes an ischemic insult to the proximal limb that results in multiple distal axonal loss mononeuropathies. Risk factors include female sex and diabetes. Clinical presentation commonly includes motor loss, sensory loss, or rest pain developing within 24 hours of the fistula placement. These findings are not specific for ischemic monomelic neuropathy. This often results in a delay of diagnosis. Electromyographic/nerve conduction velocity studies can help substantiate the diagnosis in questionable cases. Methods of treatment vary but should include some attempt at improving distal perfusion of the limb. Ligation of the fistula has been the most commonly employed maneuver. Early treatment results in significant improvement.
A brief introduction to the issue of climate and marine fisheries

Climatic variability has profound effects on the distribution, abundance and catch of oceanic fish species around the world. The major modes of this climate variability include the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) also referred to as the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Other modes of climate variability include the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). ENSO events are the principle source of interannual global climate variability, centred in the ocean–atmosphere circulations of the tropical Pacific Ocean and operating on seasonal to interannual time scales. ENSO and the strength of its climate teleconnections are modulated on decadal timescales by the IPO. The time scale of the IOD is seasonal to interannual. The SAM in the mid to high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere operates in the range of 50–60 days. A prominent teleconnection pattern throughout the year in the Northern Hemisphere is the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) which modulates the strength of the westerlies across the North Atlantic in winter, has an impact on the catches of marine fisheries. ENSO events affect the distribution of tuna species in the equatorial Pacific, especially skipjack tuna as well as the abundance and distribution of fish along the western coasts of the Americas. The IOD modulates the distribution of tuna populations and catches in the Indian Ocean, whilst the NAO affects cod stocks heavily exploited in the Atlantic Ocean. The SAM, and its effects on sea surface temperatures influence krill biomass and fisheries catches in the Southern Ocean. The response of oceanic fish stocks to these sources of climatic variability can be used as a guide to the likely effects of climate change on these valuable resources.
Moisture-curing kinetics of isocyanate prepolymer adhesives

The reaction between isocyanate-terminated prepolymers and atmospheric moisture produces urea linkages and results in a hydrogen-bonded network of linear high molecular weight polymers with adhesive properties. This study describes the synthesis of isocyanate-terminated prepolymers and investigates the use of in situ infrared spectroscopy as a technique for monitoring the chemistry of the polymerization reaction kinetics. In situ FTIR was successfully used as a means to monitor the residual isocyanate levels and the extent of the polymerization reaction. Frequency dependent dielectric sensing (FDEMS) using a thin, planar sensor has been used to monitor the reaction kinetics by monitoring changes in the mobility of ions in the reacting medium. A direct correlation of the extent of prepolymer cure was found using the normalized FTIR isocyanate absorbance spectrum and FDEMS imaginary permittivity at 500 Hz for the duration of the cure cycle. The results of this investigation demonstrate that FDEMS is an effe...
Life after establishment: factors structuring the success of a mountain invader away from disturbed roadsides

Climate change and increased anthropo- genic activity may both alter the current ranges of non- native plant species in mountainous areas, and could result in increased success of such species at higher elevations in the future. However, the course that management should take is often unclear due to a lack of information about the dynamics of how successful mountain invaders spread away from roadsides. The goals of this study were to determine if patterns of growth of a successful mountain invader, Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill., (as measured by species cover) were: (1) similar to those of establishment (as measured by probability of occurrence), and (2) structured by the extant plant community. Study sites were established throughout the current elevation range of L. dalmatica in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, and cover of the species was measured along with several vegetative community characteris- tics. Elevation influenced probability of occurrence (i.e., chance of establishment) for L. dalmatica, but not cover (which represents growth after establishment). L. dalmatica cover was negatively associated with several vegetative community characteristics which did not appear to be influenced by the presence of L. dalmatica. These results suggest that L. dalmatica establishment may be limited by climate, but that spread of established populations away from roadsides is most influenced by properties of the vegetative community. They further suggest that the resident vegetative communities structure the abundance of this invader, and that to limit spread of this species in mountainous areas, disturbance to the existing vege- tative communities should be minimized.
Theory of the Electromagnetic Form Factors of H 3 and He 3

A theoretical background is provided for recent experiments on the elastic scattering of high-energy electrons from ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$. Formulas are derived on the basis of the isotopic spin formalism that relate the observed electric charge and magnetic moment form factors for the two nuclei to the charge and moment form factors of the proton and neutron, two form factors that describe the spatial distributions of the centers of the like pair of nucleons and the odd nucleon (body form factors), and an exchange magnetic moment form factor that is to be determined empirically. The body form factors are then calculated analytically for three assumptions as to the dependence of the wave function on the internucleon distances. Two parameters appear in the calculations with each wave function: a size parameter, and the amplitude of the mixed-symmetry $S$ state that, together with the dominant fully space-symmetric $S$ state, forms the nuclear ground state. The sign of this amplitude predicted on the basis of the known spin-dependent two-nucleon interaction is found to agree with the electron scattering experiments, and its magnitude is reasonable. The available experimental data show a definite preference for the Gaussian and Irving forms of wave function over a modified exponential form, and a slight preference for the Irving over the Gaussian form. The size parameters obtained for these two wave functions are in good agreement with those obtained from the Coulomb energy of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, and the probability of the mixed-symmetry $S$ state is found to be about 4%.
Evaluation of adhesion formation, mesh fixation strength, and hydroxyproline content after intraabdominal placement of polytetrafluoroethylene mesh secured using titanium spiral tacks, nitinol anchors, and polypropylene suture or polyglactin 910 suture

The purpose of this study is to evaluate fixation methods for polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) mesh with an in vivo model of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. In 40 New Zealand white rabbits, a 4 × 4-cm ePTFE mesh (n = 80, two per animal) was attached to an intact peritoneum with polyglactin 910 (PG 910) (n = 20) or polypropylene (PP) (n = 20) suture, titanium spiral tacks (TS) (n = 20), or nitinol anchors (NA) (n = 20). Mesh was harvested at 8 and 16 weeks for fixation strength testing, adhesion assessment, and collagen (hydroxyproline) content. Fixation strength on day 0 was determined with mesh attached to harvested abdominal wall. Statistical significance was determined as p < 0.05. There was no difference in fixation strength between PP (39.1 N) and PG 910 (40.0 N) sutures at time zero. At week 8, PP (25.7 N) was significantly stronger (p < 0.05) than PG 910 (11.4 N) suture, but not at week 16. The fixation strength of TS and NA (day 0, 15.4 vs 7.4 N; week 8, 17.5 vs 15.3 N; week 16, 19.1 vs 13.8 N) was not significantly different. Fixation with PP suture was significantly (p < 0.05) stronger than that with TS and NA at day 0 (39.1, 15.4, and 7.4 N, respectively) but not at weeks 8 or 16. The fixation strength of suture decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from day 0 to week 16 (PP: day 0 = 39.1 N, week 8 = 25.7 N, week 16 = 21.4 N; PG 910: day 0 = 40.0 N, week 8 = 11.4 N, week 16 = 12.8 N). The fixation strength of NA and TS did not change significantly (NA: day 0 = 7.4 N, week 8 = 15.3 N, week 16 = 13.8 N; TS: week 0 = 15.4 N, week 8 = 17.5 N, week 16 = 19.1 N). There were no differences in adhesion area based on fixation device used; however, there were more (p < 0.05) mesh samples using NA with adhesions compared to TS and adhesion tenacity was greater (p < 0.05) compared to that of TS, PP, and PG. Hydroxyproline content at weeks 8 and 16 was similar for all fixation devices. The initial fixation strength for nonabsorbable suture is significantly greater than that of the metallic fixation devices, but after 8 weeks there is no difference. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair without transabdominal suture fixation may be predisposed to acute failure. The metallic devices have similar fixation strength, although the incidence of adhesions and tenacity of adhesions appear to be greater with the nitinol anchors. Since these devices have similar fixation strengths and most likely provide adequate supplementation to transabdominal sutures for mesh fixation after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, their use should be based on other factors, such as their propensity for adhesions, ease of application, and cost.
Intellectual competence of children who are beginning inpatient and day psychiatric treatment

Intellectual abilities of 300 children with serious emotional disorders, referred to either psychiatric day- or inpatient-hospital treatment, were compared. Comparisons also were made to WISC-R standardization data. The findings indicated that children referred to inpatient settings were similar in intellectual competency to children in day treatment. Also, children with serious emotional disorders did not appear to differ strongly in clinically meaningful ways from the WISC-R standardization sample, a finding that replicates results of other investigators. Three distinct, clinically useful profiles emerged from a cluster analysis of the total group that may be practical in planning educational and therapeutic interventions in treatment settings for seriously disturbed children. The profiles underscored the wide range of intellectual abilities represented among these children.
General linear hypotheses in a two-stage least squares estimation model

Economists frequently use F-test (including t-test) to test a general linear hypothesis in a two stage least squares model. This study finds that the bootstrap method should be used instead of the usual f-test regardless the size of the sample.
Conceptualization using HCI techniques for a Health care major

The need to manage critical health information has nurtured the growth of health information technology. These software products play a vital role in facilitating the health care organizations to provide improved patient care and they've also been transforming the ways in which these organizations operate. A leading long-term care software suite provider based in the United States had a vision to build such a wide reaching product to be operated in skilled nursing homes. The wide gamut of needs proposed for this long-term care product was conceptualized using HCI techniques. The goal of Futuristic design with Dashboard driven approach was suggested. Further the User Experience concept was role-driven, built on a liquid layout to suit the user's comfort and was coupled with productivity accelerators needed to enhance the experience of both the expert and novice users. This paper demonstrates the virtues of the proposed solution.
Room-temperature continuous wave operation of all-AlGaAs visible ( 700 nm) vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers

The authors present the first demonstration of the room-temperature continuous-wave operation of AlGaAs quantum well red (/spl sim/700 nm) vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers fabricated by the selective oxidation process. The threshold current is /spl sim/3.2 mA with an output power of up to 44 /spl mu/W. The laser structures, containing five Al/sub 0.24/Ga/sub 0.76/As quantum wells, were grown on GaAs
Closed subsets of the domain whose image has the dimension of the range

Abstract It is shown that if dim Y f ( X ) = Y is a mapping between compact metric spaces such that 1 ⩽ m ⩽ dim f -1 ( y )⩽ n for all y ϵ Y , then there exists a closed set K ⊂ X such that dim K ⩽ n − m and dim f ( K ) = dim Y . This answers a question posed by J. Keesling and D. Wilson.
Computer analysis of ultrasoundcardiograms.

Abstract Ultrasoundcardiography is a sonar-like method of viewing the internal workings of the heart. In this paper we describe the application of digital computers to the automatic analysis of ultrasoundcardiograms. The computer recognizes the structure being studied, eliminates noise, corrects the curve for dropout and the effects of noise, and makes a statistical analysis of the curve, for use in research or clinical diagnosis. The digital computer extends the potential of this already significant noninvasive method for analyzing intracardial structures, by increasing the accuracy and the types of data that can be obtained.
Preliminary results of subintimal angioplasty for limb salvage in lower extremities with severe chronic ischemia and limb-threatening ischemia

Objective This study examined the hypothesis that superficial femoral artery (SFA) subintimal angioplasty (SI-PTA) can maintain limb salvage with minimal complications in patients with symptomatic occlusive arterial disease. Methods From March 1, 2004, until April 28, 2006, 78 patients with rest pain (62.2%), gangrene (25.6%), or severe progressive claudication (12.2%) were treated consecutively with 82 SFA SI-PTAs (4 bilateral). The mean age was 59 ± 1.2 years, and 21 (27%) of the patients were female. All patients were treated in the operating room under local anesthesia by using fluoroscopic guidance, and the percentage SFA that was occluded was measured during the diagnostic portion of the procedure. Selective stent placement was performed after successful recanalization of the occluded arterial segments. Patients were treated with chronic aspirin and clopidogrel bisulfate for 3 months and followed up at 30 days and then every 3 months with physical examination and arterial duplex scan. Results Of the 82 SFA SI-PTA attempts, 76 (92%) were initially successful, with an increase in the ankle-brachial index from 0.46 ± 0.02 to 0.88 ± 0.01 ( P P Conclusions These data suggest that SFA SI-PTA can be successfully used for limb salvage with minimal morbidity and mortality in a group of patients with severe lower extremity occlusive vascular disease.
Suppression of cell-mediated immunity in experimental Chagas' disease.

The effect of acute infection with the Tulahuen strain of Trypanosoma cruzi on the cellular immune response in Swiss mice was studied. Mice were immunized with either Freund's complete adjuvant or oxazolone, a skin sensitizing agent, and subsequently skin-tested with either BCG protoplasm or oxazolone to detect delayed hypersensitivity. Depression of the response to these antigens was observed in infected mice during the stage of marked parasitemia. Mice which were responsive to oxazolone before infection lost their ability to respond as the infection progressed. When immunized with live attenuated T. cruzi before infection with virulent organisms, mice developed a greater than normal sensitivity to oxazolone and survived infection. These experiments do not conclude whether immunosuppression due to infection with T. cruzi is directed toward induction or expression of the cell-mediated immune response to the antigens employed.
Quality Assurance of Immobilization and Target Localization Systems for Frameless Stereotactic Cranial and Extracranial Hypofractionated Radiotherapy

The success of stereotactic radiosurgery has stimulated significant interest in the application of such an approach for the treatment of extracranial tumors. The potential benefits of reduced healthcare costs and improved patient outcomes that could be realized in a high-precision, hypofractionated treatment paradigm are numerous. Image-guidance technologies are eliminating the historic requirement for rigid head fixation and will also accelerate the clinical implementation of the approach in extracranial sites. An essential prerequisite of "frameless" stereotactic systems is that they provide localization accuracy consistent with the safe delivery of a therapeutic radiation dose given in one or few fractions. In this report, we reviewed the technologies for frameless localization of cranial and extracranial targets with emphasis on the quality assurance aspects.
Cosine modulated and offset QAM filter bank multicarrier techniques: a continuous-time prospect

Prior to the discovery of the celebrated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), multicarrier techniques that use analog filter banks were introduced in the 1960s. Moreover, advancements in the design of perfect reconstruction filter banks have led to a number developments in the design of prototype digital filters and polyphase structures for efficient implementations of the filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems. The main thrust of this paper is to present a tutorial review of the classical works on FBMC systems and show that some of the more recent developments are, in fact, reinventions of multicarrier techniques that have been developed prior of the era of OFDM. We also review the recent novel developments in the design of FBMC systems that are tuned to cope with fast fading wireless channels.
Colorimetric and Optical Discrimination of Halides by a Simple Chemosensor.

A thiophene-based tripodal copper(II) complex has been synthesized as a new colorimetric and optical chemosensor for naked-eye discrimination of halides in acetonitrile and an acetonitrile–water mixture. The binding interactions of the new receptor with several anions were analyzed by UV-Vis titrations, electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results from UV-Vis titrations indicate that the coordinative unsaturated copper(II) complex strongly binds a halide at its vacant copper(II) centre via a metal–ligand bond forming a 1 : 1 complex, exhibiting binding affinities in the order of fluoride > chloride > bromide > iodide. The interactions of the receptor with halides were further confirmed by ESI-MS, showing a distinct signal corresponding to a 1 : 1 complex for each halide, suggesting that the noncovalent interactions also exist in the gas phase. In addition, time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were also carried out to understand the excited-state properties of the chemosensor complexes. A detailed analysis of the TD-DFT calculations shows a consistent red-shift in the first optically-allowed transition, consistent with the observed colorimetric experiments.
A branching greedoid for multiply-rooted graphs and digraphs

Two combinatorial structures which describe the branchings in a graph are graphic matroids and undirected branching greedoids. We introduce a new class of greedoids which connects these two structures. We also apply these greedoids to directed graphs to consider a matroid defined on a directed graph. Finally, we obtain a formula for the greedoid characteristic polynomial for multiply-rooted directed trees which can be determined from the vertices.
Mechanistic insights into editing-site specificity of ADARs

Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) deaminate adenosines in dsRNA to produce inosines. ADARs are essential in mammals and are particularly important in the nervous system. Altered levels of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing are observed in several diseases. The extent to which an adenosine is edited depends on sequence context. Human ADAR2 (hADAR2) has 5′ and 3′ neighbor preferences, but which amino acids mediate these preferences, and by what mechanism, is unknown. We performed a screen in yeast to identify mutations in the hADAR2 catalytic domain that allow editing of an adenosine within a disfavored triplet. Binding affinity, catalytic rate, base flipping, and preferences were monitored to understand the effects of the mutations on ADAR reactivity. Our data provide information on the amino acids that affect preferences and point to a conserved loop as being of key importance. Unexpectedly, our data suggest that hADAR2’s preferences derive from differential base flipping rather than from direct recognition of neighboring bases. Our studies set the stage for understanding the basis of altered editing levels in disease and for developing therapeutic reagents.
X-ray mask distortion due to radiation damage

Abstract During use X-ray masks will receive very large accumulated doses, perhaps as high as 0.5 MJ/cm 2 . Because the allowed mask distortion for 0.25 μm ground rules is of the order of 0.075 μm, the permissible radiation-induced distortion is ⋍ 0.025 μm, thus requiring substrate materials with negligible distortion when subjected to large radiation doses. The in-plane distortion of various X-ray mask substrate candidates when subjected to large accumulated doses, up to 51,000 J/cm 2 , is reported.
South Korean film melodrama and the question of national cinema

(2001). South Korean film melodrama and the question of national cinema. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 1-14.
Hedylus (4 and 5 Gow–Page) and Callimachean Poetics

The phrase λeπτὸν καί τι μeλιχρὸν ἔπος in Hedylus 5 Gow–Page has been read as engaging with Callimachean esthetic language, though its precise significance has been debated. This paper argues that Hedylus’ engagement with Callimachean esthetic imagery and language is best understood by juxtaposing Hedylus 4 and 5 Gow–Page. The structure of the former, on a gold rhyton dedicated to Arsinoe Zephyritis, pointedly treats two Egyptian deities—one miniature, the other colossal—in language evocative of poetic composition, and does so in a way that effaces the bright oppositions between large and small in the prologue to Callimachus’ Aetia. At the same time, the poem identifies sounds made by wine with sounds made by water, and thus sheds light on Hedylus’ treatment of wine as a source of poetic inspiration in both epigrams. Far from being a rebuttal of Callimachean values, these poems appropriate and adapt his esthetic imagery and language to the genre of epigram.
Case Study: Acute Dystonic Reaction with Low-Dose Pimozide

Abstract It is essential to recognize individual susceptibility to neuroleptic-induced side effects for treatment guidelines. This paper reports on a 6.9-year-old autistic male who developed repeated episodes of acute dystonic reactions associated with pimozide administration at the doses of 0.096 mg/kg/day and 0.032 mg/kg/day and 32 hours following pimozide withdrawal, as well as during subsequent thioridazine administration. It draws the clinician's attention to unusual susceptibility to extrapyraraidal side effects and suggests that if a child shows this type of susceptibility to one neuroleptic, he/she may react similarly to other neuroleptics as well. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1993, 32, 3:640–642.
A Look at Early Childhood Programming in Museums.

AbstractBased on data from an exploratory, online survey, this article reveals that a surprisingly high number of art and history museums currently offer programs for very young children. The author describes the kinds of challenges that survey respondents faced when planning and conducting programs, and calls for more research and more collective action.
Subject specialist consultation in instructional design: Higher education

Instructional design consultation in higher education has its own unique set of problems and solutions. The needs and characteristics of the subject specialist in higher education differ from those in other work environments. To facilitate subject specialist-instructional designer interactions in higher education, certain tools and strategies can be used. Through a four-stage training process, students in instructional development programs can learn to successfully use these tools and strategies as part of the consultation process.
Modulation of human neutrophil and eosinophil polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis: an analytical review.

Abstract Neutrophil and eosinophil polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes are characteristic constituents of the inflammatory response evoked by immediate and subacute immunological reactions. The eosinophil predominates in both the early and late cellular infiltrates of immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions (1, 2) while neutrophils are more frequently associated with subacute reactions initiated by non-IgE-dependent mechanisms (3, 4). The in vitro demonstration of the activity of specific natural principles which stimulate or inhibit PMN leukocyte mobility has led to the delineation of three levels of regulation of granulocyte migration. The first level, the diversity of chemotactic factors, includes both the physical and chemical diversity of the chemotactic factors and the multiple immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms for their generation. The second level of regulation of PMN leukocyte migration comprises inhibitors and inactivators of chemotactic factors. Cell-directed modulation, the third level of regulation, includes those immunologic and pharmacologic principles which directly alter the PMN leukocyte response to chemotactic stimulation. The directional influx into and retention of PMN leukocytes at sites of immediate and subacute inflammatory reactions is thus the result of the effective activities of diverse factors comprising all three levels of regulation. Distinct pathological conditions are the consequence of imbalances in the regulation of leukocyte migration resulting from either increased or diminished effective activity of any of the levels of regulation.
Thick lava flows of Karisimbi Volcano, Rwanda: insights from SIR-C interferometric topography

We use a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from interferometrically processed SIR-C radar data to estimate the thickness of massive trachyte lava flows on the east flank of Karisimbi Volcano, Rwanda. The flows are as long as 12 km and average 40–60 m (up to >140 m) in thickness. By calculating and subtracting a reference surface from the DEM, we derived a map of flow thickness, which we used to calculate the volume (up to 1 km3 for an individual flow, and 1.8 km3 for all the identified flows) and yield strength of several flows (23–124 kPa). Using the DEM we estimated apparent viscosity based on the spacing of large folds (1.2×1012 to 5.5×1012 Pa s for surface viscosity, and 7.5×1010 to 5.2×1011 Pa s for interior viscosity, for a strain interval of 24 h). We use shaded-relief images of the DEM to map basic flow structures such as channels, shear zones, and surface folds, as well as flow boundaries. The flow thickness map also proves invaluable in mapping flows where flow boundaries are indistinct and poorly expressed in the radar backscatter and shaded-relief images.
907 ALTERATION OF TRANSFUSED VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (VWF) IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE (VWD)

907 ALTERATION OF TRANSFUSED VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (VWF) IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE (VWD)
Relationships of organization, time, and student achievement in physical education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the way time is used in physical education classes and student achievement. Teachers of 10 classes and their middle school/junior high school students were the subjects for the study. Students were pretested and posttested on the volleyball forearm pass and serve using previously validated tests. Between the two testing sessions students received 7 days of instruction in these skills. All classes were videotaped using a two-camera split screen system so that virtually all activity in the gym could be identified later. Digitally displayed running time was superimposed on the video image. Student achievement for each class was determined separately for each skill by regressing posttest on pretest and calculating a residual score for every student. The mean of the residual scores for each class was calculated and used in subsequent analysis. A multifaceted observation instrument was developed and validated for collecting data which reflected how time was spent in class. Mean residual achievement was correlated with time spent in the various categories of class organization. For both skills, total time spent in practice with teacher feedback had a significant positive correlation with student achievement. When subcategories of practice were considered, individual student practice and reciprocal practice by student pairs were positively correlated with achievement. The use of scrimmage had a negative correlation with achievement in situations where it was used for skill practice. This study provides powerful empirical validation of the relationships between class organization, time, and achievement in physical education.
Not Your Grandma's Genetics: Some Theoretical Notes.

Everybody breathe a sigh of relief: We do not have to fight biology anymore. But, take a deep breath: If we invite biology back into our theoretical lives, we have to do it right; and to do it right, we need to insist that certain theoretical approaches are better than others. Luckily, we have a strong and diverse history of genetic and developmental theory on which we can draw. My goal in this comment is not only to build on the Salk and Hyde (2012) exhortation but also to shape it toward certain kinds of developmental/genetic theory and away from others. I have several priorities: (a) to emphasize best practices in empirically defensible, nonreductive biology, (b) to provide feminist (and other) biologists with ways of understanding organisms and behavior in a social and environmental context, and thus (c) to guide both biological and psychological researchers toward planning more informative empirical studies. Feminist psychologists Rachel Salk and Janet Hyde call on gender researchers to think about genetic contributions to behavior. They acknowledge the bad blood fostered by a version of genetics that rigidly presents how genes might constrict human potential. But, they suggest, new knowledge about gene function, as well as about gene–environment interaction, has rendered the old genetics moot. They want gender researchers to consider, in teaching and in research, a new view of genes as active collaborators with the environment in the production of behavior. To this end, they provide a kind of primer to contemporary genetics, which has, indeed, changed a great deal since a series of feminist critiques with the rubric ‘‘Genes and Gender’’ appeared starting in the late 1970s (Hubbard, 1990; Hubbard & Lowe, 1979; Tobach & Rosoff, 1994). Salk and Hyde are on the right track, but there is a peril: The old genetics is not dead and it can still be put to intellectually and politically questionable use (Charney & English, 2012). To keep an underlying current of genetic determinism at bay, we need a better understanding of the parallel histories of nondeterministic and highly deterministic versions of genetics, and we need to further elaborate new approaches to development. Knowledge of individual developmental history becomes essential for understanding behavioral development and potential. Biometry Versus Development
Improving the fidelity of electrically heated nuclear systems testing using simulated neutronic feedback

Nonnuclear test platforms and methodologies can be employed to reduce the overall cost, risk and complexity of testing nuclear systems while allowing one to evaluate the operation of an integrated nuclear system within a reasonable timeframe, providing valuable input to the overall system design. In a nonnuclear test bed, electric heaters are used to simulate the heat from nuclear fuel. Standard electric test techniques allow one to fully assess thermal, heat transfer, and stress related attributes of a given system, but these approaches fail to demonstrate the dynamic response that would be present in an integrated, fueled reactor system. The integration of thermal hydraulic hardware tests with simulated neutronic response provides a bridge between electrically heated testing and testing with nuclear fuel elements installed. By implementing a neutronic response model to simulate the dynamic response that would be expected in a fueled reactor system, one can better understand system integration issues, characterize integrated system response times and response characteristics, and assess potential design improvements at a relatively small fiscal investment. This paper summarizes the results of initial system dynamic response testing for two electrically heated reactor concepts: a heat pipe-cooled reactor simulator with integrated heat exchanger and a gas-cooled reactor simulator with integrated Brayton power conversion system. Initial applications apply a simplified reactor kinetics model with either a single or an averaged measured state point. Preliminary results demonstrate the applicability of the dynamic test methodology to any reactor type, elucidating the variation in system response characteristics in different reactor concepts. These results suggest a need to further enhance the dynamic test approach by incorporating a more accurate model of the reactor dynamics and improved hardware instrumentation for better state estimation in application of the simulated response control loop.
Teaching Engineering Graduate Online Students in the U.S. from Pakistan—A Case Study

Outsourcing is seen from various points of views by individuals in different industries. When it comes to educating science and technology students, and for that matter, students of any discipline, up until recently, outsourcing was not a possibility. With the recent advances in computer and network technology, it is now possible to teach a live online distance-learning course from anywhere around the world. The need for the instructor and the students to be physically present in a common classroom is eliminated. In an on-line course, students and teacher get the opportunity to interact with each other. The computer-based distance learning approach is still in its relative infancy. But since the teaching and learning is done online, via the use of computers connected to inter-connected networks and satellites, the need to be geographically co-located does not exist any longer. The instructor and the students can be physically distributed at various locations, around the city, around the country, or around the world and still be able to teach and learn from each other as if they were present together in the same classroom. Since the medium of instruction is computers, the instructors and students can be outsourced. The flip side of the argument is that since the instructor is not physically present in the same room with the students, they do not get to interact with each other face to face. The instructor can continue to derive a complex mathematical equation without realizing that a student has walked away from their computer. This paper explores the positives and negatives of distance learning distributed education. Advantages and disadvantages of DL are discussed and a few solutions to the challenges, experienced by the instructors, are addressed. The research is based on the author’s experience of teaching online courses from within the city, across the states, and finally across the continents. Amongst other findings, the author discovered that when teaching an online distance learning class, distance is not a factor. While teaching online classes, the author travelled across different cities, states, and internationally and the students did not realize that the instructor was out of town and could not meet with them in the office after class.
Early over-expression of low-affinity [3H]ryanodine receptor sites in heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction from dystrophic chicken pectoralis major

Abstract Heavy sacroplasmic reticulum (SR membranes enriched in [ 3 H]ryanodine receptor have been isolated from pectoralis major (PM) of normal line 412 and dystrophic line 413 chickens paired at various stages during post-hatch development. Normal PM 2 days ex ovo yields 17% lower protein recovery in the heavy SR subfractions compared to preparations from paired dystophic PM (0.80 vs 0.96% mg/g PM, respectively). By 2 weeks ex ovo, protein recovery in normal SR subfractions decreases over 3-fold to 0.24 mg/g PM, whereas yields from dystrophic PM increase to 1.67 mg/g PM. Dystrophic preparations consistently give 7–9-fold higher recoveries of protein in heavy SR subfractions compared to normal PM when examined at 2, 4 and 5.5 weeks ex ovo. [ 3 H]ryanodine binding to normal SR from PM 2 days ex novo exhibits nonlinear Scatchard plots which resolve into high-( K d,app = 18 nM; B max - 17 pmol /mg protein) and low-( K d,app = 532 nM; B max = 2.6 pmol/mg protein) affinity binding sites, whereas dystrophic preparations exhibit only high-affinity [ 3 H]ryanodine binding sites ( K d,app = 31 nM; B max = 2.1 pmol/mg protein). Both normal and dystrophic PM have similar capacities to bind [ 3 H]ryanodine (2.6 vs. 2.0 pmol/g PM, respectively) at 2 days ex ovo. However, at 2, 4, and 5.5 weeks ex ovo the density of high-affinity [ 3 H]ryanodine binding sites in normal SR drops dramatically to 3.5, 1.2, and 0.4 pmol/mg protein, respetively, and corresponds with disappearance of the low-affinity binding sites. In marked contrast, heavy SR membranes from distrophic PM 2, 4, and 5.5 weeks ex ovo, maintain their high-affinity binding sites for [ 3 H]ryanodine and exhibit high densities of low-affinity binding sites ( K d,app = 725−4500 nM; B max = 15.4–25.1 pmol/mg protein). Early developmental over-expression of [ 3 H]ryanodine binding capacity in dystrophic PM ranges from 34-fold to 388-fold that of normal PM at 2 weeks and 5.5 weeks, respectively, and correspond to the intensity with which high molecular weight doublets of M r 340 000 and 320 000 stain on SDS-PAGE. Low-affinity [ 3 H]ryanodine binding sites of dystrophic SR exhibit 4–6-fold higher sensitivity to activation by Ca 2+ and altered sensitivity to activation by caffein and adenine nucleotides. These results demonstrate that over-expression of junctional SR and [ 3 H]ryanodine receptors having altered radioligand binding properties is a very early event in the post-hatch development of dystrophic PM. Since the [ 3 H]ryanodine receptor is a specific marker for the SR Ca 2+ release channel at the muscle triad and a key component of excitation-contraction coupling, abnormal expression of [ 3 H]ryanodine receptors may be of a fundamental importance to the etiology of muscular dystrophy in the chicken.
Ethane hydrogenolysis and carbon monoxide hydrogenation over niobia-supported nickel catalysts: A hierarchy to rank strong metal-support interaction

Abstract Ethane hydrogenolysis and carbon monoxide hydrogenation were studied over two niobia (Nb2O5)-supported nickel catalysts, containing 2 and 10 wt% nickel, which had been reduced in hydrogen at 573 or 773 K for 1 h. Compared to silica-supported nickel catalysts, these samples had lower ethane hydrogenolysis activity but higher CO hydrogenation activity. For some samples a different experimental rate law for ethane hydrogenolysis was observed. In CO hydrogenation, all samples showed a shift in product distribution to hydrocarbons higher than methane, and olefinic products were detected. These observations were attributed to strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). The use of these chemical probes identified different manifestations of SMSI that depend on crystallite size and reduction treatment. On the basis of these manifestations, a hierarchy consisting of five stages was developed to rank the extent of interaction in Ni Nb 2 O 5 catalysts. A mechanism of SMSI was proposed for a physical explanation of this hierarchy.
Controlled p-type Sb doping in LPE-grown Hg 1− x Cd x Te epilayers

A Te-rich liquid-phase-epitaxial growth process is reported whereby reproducible Sb-doped layers are prepared with hole concentrations and hole mobilities ranging from 1.8×1016 to 1.3×1019 cm−3 and 280 to 29 cm2/V s, respectively, at 77K for x-values ranging from 0.23 to 0.29. An effective electronic distribution coefficient for Sb of 0.01 is calculated from the hole concentration at 77K and the concentration of Sb in the growth solution. The process for group Va doping of low-x Hg1−x Cdx Te from Te-rich solutions and the procedure for the growth of a CdZnTe buffer layer on a CdTeSe substrate are described. For Te-rich Cd−Zn−Te growth solutions the distribution coefficient of Zn was found to be 18. The growth of a structure consisting of an Sb-doped HgCdTe epilayer on a CdZnTe buffer layer lattice matched (Δa/a<10−4) to a CdSeTe substrate has been demonstrated.
Hyperactive and Learning Disabled Children: Who Gets Help?

Although not all hyperactive children are learning disabled, many are. This investigation sought to establish if those hyperactive children with learning disabilities are more likely to receive educational assistance than control children, and to learn what additional pupil characteristics are associated with receiving special educational services. The results indicated that hyperactive children are more likely to be served by special education than control children. Those hyperactive children served tended to have lower reading scores, have parents who acknowledged their problems, be poorly adapted to classroom learning demands, and have poorer intrapersonal adjustment. They also were characterized by aggressive behavior and lower verbal IQs. Nonhyperactive children served had the same characteristics save aggressive behavior. But they did have significantly higher rated hyperactive behavior during testing. Hyperactive behavior, either attributed to the child or observed, is important in determining who ...