cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reputation: Steven Spielberg and the eyes of the world

Steven Spielberg's immense popularity and cultural influence have been counterbalanced for many years by disdain from many critics, members of the Hollywood establishment, and elements of academia. In recent years, as Spielberg's seriousness as an artist has become inescapable, he has been increasingly accepted by many of those who previously rejected him. The author, whose 1997 biography of Spielberg challenged that opposition to the filmmaker, explores its fundamental sources and its lingering effects while discussing how and why Spielberg's reputation has been growing in academic circles. Younger academics seem to be less burdened by the cultural biases that still prevent some of their predecessors from admitting Spielberg into the canon. Spielberg's trajectory toward critical acceptance resembles that of Alfred Hitchcock, who also suffered from belittlement throughout most of his career because of his vast popularity, although Spielberg himself, as a young man, was ahead of the curve in recognizing Hi...
Caval preservation with reconstruction of the hepatic veins using caval-common iliac bifurcation graft for domino liver transplantation.

Domino liver transplantation has been performed routinely from livers procured from patients with Familial Amyloidosis (FA). Some technical modifications have been made on the recipient of Amyloid Hepatic Allograft (AHA) to overcome the cuff limitation such as the use of side to side cava-caval anastomosis with closure of the suprahepatic and infrahepatic cava. These technical innovations in the recipient AHA however have no benefit for the FA patient undergoing the hepatectomy and may in fact adversely affect the safety of the harvesting procedure by requiring high dissection of the IVC into the diaphragm. In addition the IVC is removed with the liver, therefore requiring complete supra-renal vena caval clamping and the use of veno-venous bypass. We describe a safe and simple technique to recover the AHA without the IVC.
Chronic inhalation exposure of rats to vapors of 2-nitropropane at 25 ppm

Abstract Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by inhalation to 2-nitropropane at a concentration of 25 ppm for 7 hr per day, 5 days per week over a period of 22 months. Periodic examinations of serum chemistry, hematology, and histopathology were conducted throughout the study. All animals remaining alive were sacrificed after 22 months. No effects were observed on serum chemistry or hematology which could unequivocally be attributed to exposure of the animals to 2-nitropropane. There was no methemoglobinemia and thus no apparent large release of nitrite. No malignancies or any significant pathologic changes were observed in the livers of any of the male or female rats. Focal areas of hepatic, cellular nodules were noted in 3 of 250 control animals and 13 of 249 exposed animals. Other microscopic observations included focal cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes and liver congestion.
Microassay and properties of pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase in rat pineal gland.

1. 1. A sensitive and specifie method was developed capable of determining pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase in a single pineal gland weighing less than l mg. 2. 2. This enzyme which is paniculate bound, has a pH optimum between 8.5–9.0, is inhibited by inorganic phosphate and Zn2+. 3. 3. It has a specific activity of 569 ± 27mμmol of pyridoxal phosphate hydrolyzed/mg protein/hr which is considerably greater than that of pyridoxal kinase.,
Isochronization Studies of the IUCF 200 MeV Cyclotron

A non-intercepting movable beam phase probe recently installed in the south valley of the IUCF 200 MeV isochronous cyclotron has been used to study the relative beam phase variation during acceleration for the various beams accelerated by the facility. Small differences between the measured phase histories and the predictions of the field map data were observed and explained. Phase compression during acceleration has been measured, and a method for making rapid small energy changes (± 500 keV) while operating on a single RF frequency using trim coil adjustments at large radius has been developed. These and other consequences of the isochronization studies are discussed.
Effects of Heat Treatment in a Wet Hydrogen Atmosphere on the Reliability of Sintered α‐Silicon Carbide

Sintered {alpha}-SiC was exposed, for times up to 2 h, to a flowing wet H{sub 2} atmosphere (P{sub H{sub 2}O} = 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} MPa) at temperatures of 1,300, 1,400, and 1,500 C. The effect of such conditions on the reliability of the ceramic was estimated by comparing the Weibull modulus of the groups of specimens, tested in four-point flexure, before and after exposure. The Weibull modulus of as-polished specimens was 6.7, indicating a wide variation in room-temperature flexural strength. The Weibull modulus was increased to 14.2 by the heat treatment for 2 h in wet H{sub 2} at 1,400 C. The average strength was also improved from 347 to 446 MPa by such exposure. Heat treatment at 1,300 and 1,500 C also improved the reliability of the material, as indicated by increases in the Weibull modulus, but to less a degree than did exposure at 1,400 C. The increases in reliability and average strength were attributed to the blunting of surface flaws by the formation of a thin SiO{sub 2} layer on the sample surface.
Origin of organic compounds on the primitive earth and in meteorites.

The role and relative contributions of different forms of energy to the synthesis of amino acids and other organic compounds on the primitive earth, in the parent bodies or carbonaceous chondrites, and in the solar nebula are examined. A single source of energy or a single process would not account for all the organic compounds synthesized in the solar system. Electric discharges appear to produce amino acids more efficiently than other sources of energy and the composition of the synthesized amino acids is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those found in the Murchison meteorite. Ultraviolet light is also likely to have played a major role in prebiotic synthesis. Although the energy in the sun's spectrum that can be absorbed by the major constituents of the primitive atmosphere is not large, reactive trace components such as H2S and formaldehyde absorb at longer wavelengths where greater amounts of energy are available and produce amino acids by reactions involving hot hydrogen atoms. The thermal reaction of CO + H2 + NH3 on Fischer-Tropsch catalysts generates intermediates that lead to amino acids and other organic compounds that have been found in meteorites. However, this synthesis appears to be less efficient than electric discharges and to require a special set of reaction conditions. It should be emphasized that after the reactive organic intermediates are generated by the above processes, the subsequent reactions which produce the more complet biochemical compounds are low temperature homogenous reactions occurring in an aqueous environment.
Onion maggot feeding and development on heterogeneous sections of the onion bulb

When given a choice of feeding sites in laboratory arenas, Delia antiqua (Meigen) larvae exhibited a 3:1 bias for internal vs outer sections of onion bulbs and distributed themselves non-randomly among identical preferred onion sections. Larval clustering did not appear to be correlated with increased fitness in the laboratory; larval development was identical across the range of densities from 1 to 50 larvae per onion. Larvae feeding on preferred internal sections developed 14% faster, were 38% heavier upon pupation, and were two times more likely to survive to the adult stage than larvae feeding on outer sections. D. antiqua larval food preference was therefore positively correlated with increased fitness.
Do Citizenship Behaviors Matter More for Managers Than for Salespeople

This research was designed to investigate the effects of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and objective sales productivity on sales managers’ evaluations of their sales personnel’s performance and to examine whether the impact of OCBs on performance evaluations is greater at higher levels of the sales organization hierarchy. Two samples were obtained from the same organization: a sample of 987 multiline insurance agents and a sample of 161 agency managers. Objective measures of sales productivity were obtained for both samples along with evaluations of three dimensions of OCBs and an assessment of overall performance. The results indicate that managers’ evaluations are determined at least as much by OCBs as they are by objective measures of performance. After partialing out common method variance, the results also indicate that OCBs account for a greater proportion of a sales manager’s evaluation than of a sales representative’s evaluation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Intrinsic motivation, neurocognition and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia: testing mediator and moderator effects.

Abstract Background This study examined the nature of the relationships among neurocognition, intrinsic motivation, and psychosocial functioning for persons with schizophrenia. Hypotheses concerning both mediator and moderator mechanisms were tested. Method 120 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited as they entered outpatient psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Measures of psychosocial functioning and intrinsic motivation were administered at baseline. Measures of neurocognition were administered at baseline by testers blind to scores on other study variables. Data were analyzed using latent construct modeling to test for mediator and moderator effects. Results There were strong bivariate relationships between neurocognition, intrinsic motivation, and psychosocial functioning. The results demonstrated that intrinsic motivation strongly mediated the relationship between neurocognition and psychosocial functioning. This mediation was evidenced by: (i) the direct path from neurocognition to functional outcome no longer being statistically significant after the introduction of motivation into the model, (ii) the statistical significance of the indirect path from neurocognition through motivation to functional outcome. There was no support for the two moderation hypotheses: the level of neurocognition did not influence the relationship between intrinsic motivation and psychosocial functioning, nor did the level of intrinsic motivation influence the relationship between neurocognition and psychosocial functioning. Conclusions Neurocognition influences psychosocial functioning through its relationship with intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is a critical mechanism for explaining the relationship between neurocognition and psychosocial functioning. Implications for the theoretical understanding and psychosocial treatment of intrinsic motivation in schizophrenia are discussed.
Mother-infant and infant-infant interactions in captive sable antelope: Evidence for behavioral plasticity in a hider species

Five mother-infant pairs of sable antelope.(Hippotragus niger) were studied over a 3-mo period at the Oklahoma City Zoo. Observations were made using instantaneous scan and ad libitum sampling on focal animals (four from the day of birth and one from 1 day of age) and continuing for 1–5 wk for each mother-infant pair. Evidence is presented that conflicts with descriptions of hider maternal behavior found in the literature. Mothers often initiated nursing bouts by approaching to within a meter or less of infants that were in hiding sites (25 of the 35 bouts initiated by mothers when infants were in hiding sites). In addition, two mothers were seen lying in contact with or next to hiding infants for greater than 12 h postpartum (15 and 23 h postpartum respectively). These findings indicate that some behaviors associated with hider species can be modified in captivity; this could have implications for captive management of hider species with regard to reintroduction. Infants as young as 1 wk of age hid with other infants. Hiding infants did not move away from other infants that approached and hid with them. These findings call into question Murdock et al's [1983] conclusions that infants of hider species avoid hiding together and that hiding and creching are distinct activities. It is suggested that hiding and creching form part of the continuum of early social development in some hider species. A primiparous mother was nursed by two infants other than her own (ten observations). This situation is described and its implications for captive management are discussed.
Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Fuel Cell Energy/Power System Technology Assessment

This paper provides a technology assessment for an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) fuel cell energy/power system (FCEPS), including design methodology and design concepts. The design concepts are based on the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (FC) operating on hydrogen and oxygen. The technology assessment method presented is a holistic approach which combines alternative hydrogen and oxygen storage [and fuel cell system (FCS)] options to provide the highest specific energy and energy density-within the constraints of the UUV application. Using this method, some surprising combinations appear as the theoretical ldquowinnersrdquo for maximum energy storage within the application constraints of the UUV.
An ultrastructural study of the effects of fluoroacetate on hepatocytes.

This research was undertaken in order to determine if known biochemical processes involving the conversion of fluoroacetate are reflected morphologically at the electron microscopic level. No changes were observed in the hepatocytes after 2.5 mg/kg of fluoroacetate and sacrifice at 3 hours, but with 5 mg/kg of the drug there was an increase in the amount of agranular endoplasmic reticulum, an aberrant shape of mitochondria, and a disappearance of visible glycogen. One hour after 10, 15, 20, or 30 mg/kg of fluoroacetate the results showed a tremendous increase in the amount of agranular endoplasmic reticulum, an aberration in mitochondrial structure, and a disappearance of the intramitochondrial granules and glycogen. The possible relationship of these changes to fluoroacetate poisoning is discussed.
Multiplicity patterns in atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustors

Abstract A new mathematical model has been developed for the analysis of the steady state characteristics of Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Coal Combustors. A physical understanding of the different processes occuring within the bed is incorporated in the development of detailed mass and energy balances for the different reactor phases (bubble and emulsion phase, sorbent and coal particles). Care is placed on the modelling of the homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation reactions, the growth of bubbles within the bed by coalescence and the heat transfer between the solids and the immersed steam generating tubes. Furthermore a population balance for the coal particles which accounts for variable size feed, fines elutriation and solids overflow enables the calculation of two very crucial bed operating variables: the carbon loading and the combustion efficiency. The model also predicts the temperature and the O2 and CO concentrations within the combustor. The numerical solution of the dimensionless model equations is based on their reduction to a system of three nonlinear algebraic equations. Three steady states are obtained in the industrially important region of design and operational characteristics. They correspond to a high, intermediate and low reactor temperature and combustion efficiency. At the same time the respective values of carbon loading and O2 concentrations are low, intermediate and very high. The results indicate that there exists a critical value of the coal feed rate, or of the superficial gas velocity, below which the bed is extinguished.
Twinning and martensitic transformations in nickel-enriched 304 austenitic steel during tensile and indentation deformations

Abstract Twinning and martensitic transformation have been investigated in nickel-enriched AISI 304 stainless steel subjected to tensile and indentation deformation. Using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the morphology of α- and e-martensite and the effect of grain orientation to load axis on phase and structure transformations were analyzed in detail. It was found that the twinning occurred less frequently under indentation than under tension; also, twinning was not observed in [001] and [101] grains. In tensile tests, the martensite particles preferably formed at the deformation twins, intersections between twins, or at the twin-grain boundary intersections. Conversely, martensite formation in the indentation tests was not closely associated with twinning; instead, the majority of martensite was concentrated in the dense colonies near grain boundaries. Martensitic transformation seemed to be obstructed in the [001] grains in both tensile and indentation test cases. Under a tensile stress of 800 MPa, both α- and e-martensites were found in the microstructure, but at 1100 MPa only α-martensite presented in the specimen. Under indentation, α- and e-martensite were observed in the material regardless of the stress level.
The Importance of Logistics Efficiency to Customer Service and Firm Performance

Logistics is considered to have a significant impact on a manufacturing organization's performance. This research utilizes a pilot study, a large‐scale survey of manufacturing managers, and linear structural relations (LISREL). The research methods develop measures and test relationships among six constructs: physical supply, physical distribution, logistics spanning processes, customer service, manufacturing flexibility, and firm performance. The results from the research confirm that logistics influences a manufacturer's ability to satisfy customers and overall performance. The level of manufacturing flexibility in the firm, as indicated by the presence of advanced process technology and the participation of manufacturing management in strategy formulation, alters logistics role in organizational success.
Fibroblast-collagen-matrix contraction: growth-factor signalling and mechanical loading

Fibroblast-collagen-matrix contraction provides a unique way to study reciprocal geometric and mechanical interactions between fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. Such interactions are difficult to appreciate or examine in routine cell culture because the culture surface is usually fixed in place. Forces exerted on collagen fibrils by cells cause isometric tension to develop in the cells if the collagen resists deformation; by contrast, the cells remain mechanically unloaded in the absence of matrix resistance. Recent evidence suggests that the state of cellular mechanical loading determines the mechanism that cells use to regulate contraction.
Mean-ETL Portfolio Selection under Maximum Weight and Turnover Constraints Based on Fundamental Security Factors

In this article, we model stock returns using fundamental data and minimizing average value at risk (AVaR) and multiperiod portfolio selection with weight and turnover constraints. Equity returns are decomposed into returns explained by fundamental and nonfundamental factors. While the former are found to be independent, the latter are found to be highly dependent among various stocks. Then, we construct models to forecast returns using several ARMA–GARCH models with different innovation distributions and simulate scenarios of future returns. Based on these scenarios, we examine various approaches of portfolio optimization. By comparing actual portfolios based on real data, we find that 1) the ARMA–GARCH model with classical tempered stable distribution provides a superior prediction of equity prices than the normal and Student’s t -distribution and 2) AVaR provides a better risk measure than variance. We also see how portfolio performance changes under weight and turnover constraints and suggest that it is effective to reduce the stock universe and trade large-capitalization securities.
The role of operators in APL

Operators, which apply to functions to produce functions, are an important component of APL. Despite their importance, their role is not well understood, and they are often lumped with functions in expositions of the language. This paper attempts to clarify the role of operators in APL by tracing their development, outlining possible future directions, and commenting briefly on their roles in other languages, both natural and programming.
Nonenzymatic Browning in Aseptically Packaged Orange Juice and Orange Drinks. Effect of Amino Acids, Deaeration, and Anaerobic Storage

Single strength orange juice and synthetic orange drinks containing 10% (v/v) orange juice and 0.4 and 0.8% w/w concentrations of each amino acid, aspartic acid, arginine, and 4-aminobutyric acid were aseptically packaged using 250 mL Tetra Brik Packs. Samples were stored at 24°C for 16 wk under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, and were tested every 4 wk for nonenzymatic browning, ascorbic acid (AA) retention, dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) formation, and sensory changes. Deaeration and anaerobic storage resulted in increased retention of ascorbic acid. However, there was very little change in the flavor score, browning, color or change in the amino acid content of the different samples during the entire storage period.
Application of the Loading Algorithm to Balance Workloads

Abstract The Eilon-Christofides algorithm for the loading problem is modified to allocate n jobs of given magnitude to m departments, each with existing workloads such that the resulting workloads are nearly equally balanced.
Advanced bipolar circuits

Advances in high-speed, low-power bipolar circuits aimed at achieving superior power-delay performance and load-driving capability over conventional ECL and NTL circuits are reviewed. The basic principles underlying power/speed improvement including charge-buffering, DC/AC-coupled active pull-down schemes, and complementary push-pull approaches, are examined. The utilization and combination of these basic principles to form various high-speed, low-power circuits in both n-p-n-only and complementary circuit configurations and the design tradeoffs of these circuits are discussed. >
The NO/ONOO-cycle as the central cause of heart failure.

The NO/ONOO-cycle is a primarily local, biochemical vicious cycle mechanism, centered on elevated peroxynitrite and oxidative stress, but also involving 10 additional elements: NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, mitochondrial dysfunction (lowered energy charge, ATP), NMDA activity, intracellular Ca2+, TRP receptors and tetrahydrobiopterin depletion. All 12 of these elements have causal roles in heart failure (HF) and each is linked through a total of 87 studies to specific correlates of HF. Two apparent causal factors of HF, RhoA and endothelin-1, each act as tissue-limited cycle elements. Nineteen stressors that initiate cases of HF, each act to raise multiple cycle elements, potentially initiating the cycle in this way. Different types of HF, left vs. right ventricular HF, with or without arrhythmia, etc., may differ from one another in the regions of the myocardium most impacted by the cycle. None of the elements of the cycle or the mechanisms linking them are original, but they collectively produce the robust nature of the NO/ONOO-cycle which creates a major challenge for treatment of HF or other proposed NO/ONOO-cycle diseases. Elevated peroxynitrite/NO ratio and consequent oxidative stress are essential to both HF and the NO/ONOO-cycle.
Oblique airy wavepackets in bidispersive optical media

We show that a new class of skewed, non-spreading Airy wavepackets is possible in optical bidispersive systems. Their obliquity is found to have a profound effect on their spatiotemporal acceleration dynamics. Pertinent examples are provided.
A historical perspective on measurement of soil and plant water status and plant water status

Surrounded by many sophisticated instruments, data acquisition systems and connecting computers, contemporary soil and plant scientists may not fully appreciate what really was known in earlier times and how the science has developed. A short review and a few examples of the growth of measurements and ideas are presented here.
Beneficial effects following carbon dioxide laser excision on experimental neuroblastoma.

Treatment of neuroblastoma in children consists of primary excision with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. When the tumor invades surrounding structures that cannot be safely excised or when distant metastasis is present, the patient has a poor prognosis. Because the CO 2 laser can be used to excise malignant tumors without seeding the surrounding tissue and because the defocused beam can vaporize malignant cells, we compared partial scalpel excision and partial laser excision of C1300 murine neuroblastoma to the growth rate of residual tumor. In 25 mice, 75% of the tumor was excised with a scalpel, and in another 25, the same percentage was excised with the CO 2 laser (10 W). CO 2 laser excision significantly decreases the growth of residual neuroblastoma ( P 2 laser excision of neuroblastoma may prove to be superior to scalpel excision for primary surgical treatment of neuroblastoma.
Characterization of metal centers in bioinorganic complexes using ab initio calculations of 113Cd chemical shifts.

Determination of 1 1 3 Cd chemical shift is of significant interest in NMR characterization of metal porphyrins, metal-histidine interactions, and other metal-ligand interactions in many bioinorganic complexes and metalloproteins. In this study, we present a detailed account of a number of quantum chemical investigations aimed at relating isotropic and anisotropic 1 1 3 Cd chemical shifts to the structure of several biologically relevant complexes with discrete and polymeric structures. Calculated and experimentally determined chemical shift values are compared to correlate the variation of the chemical shift values with the structural changes around the metal center. Our results infer that the density functional theory using the Sadlej basis set on the cadmium atom is a suitable method for estimating cadmium shielding values to a reasonable accuracy.
Should we set a place for diet in ethnopharmacology

Abstract Ethnopharmacologic inquiry is most evincibly pursued by addressing “medicinals” across the divers contexts through which populations gain exposure to the material of their pharmacopoeia. Attention to multiple categories of use advances our comprehension of indigenous health care by providing a framework for laboratory investigations that explore the bioactive potential of the materia medica to influence the occurrence and expression of disease, and that determine how those physiologic outcomes may be further mediated by the context-specific vicissitudes of preparation, combination and consumption. Consideration of the dietary contexts of local “medicines” is central to this wider perspective.
Co-immobilization and interaction of heparin and plasmin on collageno-elastic tubes.

Heparin and plasmin were co-immobilized on collageno-elastic tubes (CETs) in order to develop a thromboresistant and fibrinolytic vascular prosthesis. The mutual interaction between heparin and plasmin both in the soluble and in the immobilized state was studied. The immobilization condition rendering maximum co-immobilized heparin and plasmin activity was identified to require heparin immobilization followed by plasmin immobilization. Soluble heparin exerts a positive synergistic effect on soluble plasmin. Immobilized heparin enhances plasmin loading on the CET as compared to the heparin-free graft. Heparin, in both the soluble or immobilized state, significantly decreases the Michaelis-Menten (M-M) parameter Km for immobilized plasmin over heparin-free immobilized plasmin. Furthermore, the M-M parameter Vmax for the immobilized plasmin in the presence of heparin decreases over heparin-free immobilized plasmin. These results suggest a decrease in the kinetic constant k3 for heparin-modified immobilized p...
An initial investigation of the relationships between hoarding and smoking.

Abstract Cigarette smokers have increased rates of mood and anxiety-related conditions. Hoarding is another anxiety-related condition that has yet to be examined in relation to smoking behavior. The current investigation sought to examine smoking rates among a sample of individuals with hoarding disorder and individuals with non-hoarding obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Additionally, we examined the relationship between hoarding symptoms and reasons for smoking. Participants in Study 1 consisted of 57 individuals with non-hoarding OCD or hoarding disorder. Participants in Study 2 consisted of 661 adult daily smokers. Results revealed that a significantly greater proportion of individuals diagnosed with hoarding were current smokers compared to the non-hoarding OCD group. Additionally, hoarding severity was associated with negative affect reduction expectancies. These results provide important information regarding smoking behaviors within hoarding disorder. Given the poor treatment outcomes and negative health risks associated with hoarding, this information could inform future research and treatment programs.
Management and control for giant gigabit networks

The authors describe the new challenges presented for the management of broadband networks and outline the framework of the COMET research group at Columbia University for finding solutions to these challenges. They review a prototype that implements some of the requirements for managing the broadband networks of the future. In the COMET framework, management operations are defined in terms of primitives with a much higher semantic level than that typified by get and set in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) management model, and the user interface to the managed system is based on virtual worlds that allow the manager to directly visualize and interact with the network. The impact that this new environment may have on existing management architectures is discussed. >
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF CAPACITOR SWITCHING IN UNBALANCED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH HARMONIC DISTORTION

ABSTRACT The wide application of shunt capacitor banks in distribution systems for economic reasons, have raised concern about over-voltage transients and harmonic magnification in unbalanced distribution systems. This paper introduces a new method for transient analysis during capacitor switching. Presence of harmonic sources, unbalance in feeder configuration, and combinations of single-and three-phase loads are accounted for. The new method is a frequency domain-based approach using a three-phase Z-Bus algorithm. The paper reviews the concepts of the building algorithm of a three-phase Z-bus matrix in the complex frequency domain. Untransposed feeders and different types of loads are considered. Finally, the boundary conditions for different capacitor switching cases and the results with harmonic distortion are reported.
Evaluation and Analysis of Optical and Electrical Constants of Thin Films as Functions of Reflectance and Transmission Data by Electronic Digital Computation

Whirlwind I, an electronic digital computer at M.I.T., has been used to calculate accurately the optical and electrical constants of thin metal films on nonabsorbing backings and of aluminum oxide films, and to check approximate relations which may be conveniently used in the absence of a digital computer. The conductance per square of film is found to be the principal physical property determining the behavior of conducting films toward incident infrared radiation. The variation with wavelength is related to the finite relaxation time of the free electrons and to imperfections in the films acting as condensers. In the visible wavelength region the two sets of optical constants were evaluated for different thicknesses of gold deposits and compared to optical constants previously reported.
Changes in macrophyte community structure following drought in the okefenokee swamp, Georgia, U.S.A.

Abstract Following a severe drought, changes in macrophyte species composition and biomass dynamics were monitored in four marsh plant communities within the Okefenokee Swamp, located in southeastern Georgia and northeastern Florida, U.S.A. Marshes with three distinct patterns of water-level fluctuation were examined from April 1982 to January 1985. Two constantly inundated sites (water depth 34–113 cm) were dominated by a floating-leaved macrophyte, Nuphar luteum ssp. macrophyllum (Ait) Ait.f. and by water-column species (e.g. Utricularia spp., Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx., Cabomba pulcherrima (Harper) Fass. and filamentous algae). Live above-ground biomass values at these sites were lower than those at the other two sites, with mean values of 64 and 87 g dry weight (wt.) m −2 . The third site, which experienced frequent and predictable (seasonal) drawdown, was strongly dominated by the sedge Carex walteriana Bailey and a ground cover of Sphagnum sp. (70 and 25% of the total live biomass, respectively). Live biomass values at this site showed a gradual increase during the course of the 33-month study. A fourth site experienced unpredictable and infrequent drawdown (occurring only during drought years) and contained two distinct suites of plant species: ‘resident’ species that predominated under inundated conditions (e.g. Nymphaea odorata Ait., Eriocaulon compressum Lam., Orontium aquaticum L., Utricularia spp.) and a ‘fugitive’ species ( Rhynchospora inundata (Oakes) Fern.) that became dominant for a brief period during and immediately following drawdown. Live biomass values at the fourth site were approximately 200% higher in the year immediately following the drought (peak biomass of 364 g dry wt. m −2 ) than in subsequent years (150–180 g dry wt. m −2 ). The data suggest that in these marshes, unpredictable and infrequent natural drawdowns may result in higher macrophyte diversity and greater variability in biomass dynamics than either frequent (annual) drawdown or continual inundation.
Aromaticity and cyclic conjugation of three pairs of strongly subspectral series of conjugated molecules as models for graphene armchair and zigzag edges

It is shown that armchair edges possess greater aromaticity and cyclic conjugation than do zigzag edges in model nanoribbons. These results are consistent with the zigzag graphene edges being more prone to rapid oxidation when oxygen is present than armchair graphene edges. These results were obtained using Aihara's BRE and Bosanac and Gutman's CCE methods for measuring aromaticity of individual rings. New numerical results are given for three pairs of strongly subspectral series.
CLINICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CEFAMANDOLE (CM) IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS INCLUDING NEONATES

CM a new cephalosporin (CSP) is more active against common pathogens than other CSP antibiotics. Nine cases of pneumonia (PN) and 10 with UTI (average age 5 1/2 years) received an average dose of 25 mg/kg IM every 8 hours for an average of 8.3 days. In addition 12 full term newborn (NB) infants treated with antibiotic (s) for sepsis, were given 33 mg/kg of CM (IM in 7 and IV in 5) as one single dose. All cases of PN improved rapidly and urine in UTI cases became sterile by 3rd day and remained so for 24 hours in all andup to 6 weeks in 6. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed. 9 children had transient mild elevation of SGOT and one of BUN. Single doses (mg/kg) of CM gave following average serum levels (μg/ml). At 15' after injection, blood levels were lower in NB than in children, but increased rapidly and were high at 4hrs. Blood levels with CM are adequate and higher and prolonged in NB. It appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of PN and UTI. The data should encourage further evaluation of the efficacy and hepatic and renal toxicities in NB.
Characterization of cAMP‐phosphodiesterase as a possible laboratory marker of atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically recurrent cutaneous inflammatory disease which may affect up to 10% of the population. The condition is part of the atopic triad which also includes asthma and allergic rhinitis. These diseases have strong hereditary patterns but the genetics is unclear. AD is characterized by a variety of immunologic and pharmacologic abnormalities, and evidence from transplant studies indicates that the basic abnormality is expressed in bone marrow cells. Defects such as increased basophil histamine release and high spontaneous IgE production by B lymphocytes imply defective cellular regulation. Abnormalities of cyclic nucleotide metabolism have been demonstrated in AD, and elevated cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) with resultant low intracellular cAMP levels may have a net permissive effect on immune and inflammatory responses. Biochemical characterization studies of abnormal PDE in mononuclear leukocytes from patients with AD have demonstrated two distinctly abnormal cytosolic fractions of PDE activity. These probably represent different enzyme forms in monocytes and lymphocytes; the consequent dysregulation of these immunologically important cells may explain many of the immune abnormalities associated with AD, and may provide a much needed biochemical marker for epidemiologic, genetic and clinical studies.
Investigation of silver-only and silver/TOPAS coated hollow glass waveguides for visible and NIR laser delivery

Hollow Glass Waveguides (HGWs) present a viable option for the low-loss transmission of radiation over a broad range spanning from visible to far-infrared wavelengths. Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), a commercially available polymer known as TOPAS®, is chosen for this study due to its exceptionally low absorption losses throughout the spectrum, particularly in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. While silver-coated HGWs are capable of transmitting visible and NIR radiation with low losses, theory predicts that the addition of a uniform dielectric thin film of quarter wavelength thickness will reduce these losses for both straight and bent configurations, while additionally providing a potentially more desirable modal output for laser applications. In this paper, the procedures for the deposition of the silver and subsequent COC films are outlined. Spectroscopy is used to obtain the thickness of the polymer film. The theoretical attenuation losses of the silver and Ag/COC HGWs are explored and experimental values are obtained using various visible and IR lasers. Moreover, the modal output of the silver and Ag/COC HGWs is qualitatively compared. The possibility of use of these Ag/COC HGWs at mid- and far-IR wavelengths is discussed.
Monitoring and assessment of soil and forage molybdenum near an atmospheric source.

Forage and soil molybdenum (Mo) were measured in the vicinity of a Mo processing plant in southwestern Pennsylvania, USA. Molybdenum concentrations in red clover plants (Trifolium pratense L.), measured at 23 sites, ranged from 1.1 to 56.6 mg kg−1. Fourteen of the 23 sites sampled had red clover plants with Mo concentrations over the threshold value of 6 mg kg−1. Red clover Cu:Mo concentration ratios were below the recommended ratio of 4 in 19 of the sites. The low Cu:Mo values, along with high plant Mo concentrations, indicates that there is a potential risk of molybdenosis in ruminant animals in this area. Acid digested (sorbed) soil Mo concentrations, measured at 30 sites, ranged from 7.0 (background level) to 131 mg kg−1. Using the Baker Soil Test (BST) extract, molybdenum soil concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.99 mg kg−1. Regression equations were developed to predict plant uptake of soil Mo based on the red clover plant, soil extracts and soil pH data. The R-squared values for predicting plant uptake were 81.9% for the BST extract and 81.6% for the acid digestion extract plus soil pH. Based on the above results, a protocol has been implemented for assessing the risk of high soil Mo near this Mo processing plant.
CSR, global economic recession, and the need for sustainability: case studies of Pittsburgh-based global firms

Through a case study approach, via interviews and data gathered from publicly available sources, two major Pittsburgh-based global companies were examined in order to arrive at a better understanding of its socially responsibility initiatives to their stakeholders as they attempt to provide positive financial results and to uphold their corporate long-term sustainability efforts. It was assumed that intelligent business strategies would perceive CSR-based initiatives would not just find threats in a recession but also opportunities, which was found to be true through the companies’ global initiatives of healthcare, economic, and sustainability efforts. Both companies have similar goals in regards to conservation of natural, renewable resources, and protection of the physical environment; since both companies consume enormous amounts of natural resources and have the need to soften their image within the communities that they conduct business. As managements must adapt to business changes that are driven by legislative and governmental actions that may be self-serving and issues driven without a true long-range strategic focus, any CSR-based initiative does not guarantee secure and profitable outcomes; hence, there will always be an element of risk involved in such ventures.
Ceramide structure predicts tumor ganglioside immunosuppressive activity.

Abstract Molecular determinants of biological activity of gangliosides are generally believed to be carbohydrate in nature. However, our studies of immunomodulation by highly purified naturally occurring tumor gangliosides provide another perspective: while the immunosuppressive activity of gangliosides requires the intact molecule (both carbohydrate and ceramide moieties), ceramide structure strikingly influences ganglioside immunosuppressive activity. Molecular species of human neuroblastoma GD2 ganglioside in which the ceramide contains a shorter fatty acyl chain (C16:0, C18:0) were 6- to 10-fold more active than those with a longer fatty acyl chain (C22:0/C24:1, C24:0). These findings were confirmed in studies of ceramide species of human leukemia sialosylparagloboside and murine lymphoma GalNAcGM1b. Gangliosides that contain shorter-chain fatty acids (and are most immunosuppressive) are known to be preferentially shed by tumor cells. Therefore, the results suggest that the tumor cell is optimized to protect itself from host immune destruction by selective shedding of highly active ceramide species of gangliosides.
Comparisons of some bivariate regression models

The bivariate negative binomial regression (BNBR) and the bivariate Poisson log-normal regression (BPLR) models have been used to describe count data that are over-dispersed. In this paper, a new bivariate generalized Poisson regression (BGPR) model is defined. An advantage of the new regression model over the BNBR and BPLR models is that the BGPR can be used to model bivariate count data with either over-dispersion or under-dispersion. In this paper, we carry out a simulation study to compare the three regression models when the true data-generating process exhibits over-dispersion. In the simulation experiment, we observe that the bivariate generalized Poisson regression model performs better than the bivariate negative binomial regression model and the BPLR model.
Some Problems of a Diagnosis of Turbine Engine Bearings Using FAM-C Method

Diagnostic FDM-A method [2] based on a measurement of frequency modulation of a pulsation component as well as FAM-C method based on a measurement of a alternating current’s frequency have been developed in Air Force Institute of Technology. These methods provide to define a level of a sub-assembly’s abrasive wear and its localization during normal work of a power unit. It is possible to define numerous parameters of bearings and their kinematics pairs as well as a rotor assembly. They are: a level of a bearing rolling friction, smoothness of a bearing cage’s motion, a quantity of a radial clearance. It also provides to detect resonances in elements as well as observe a shape and a relative height of characteristic patterns, from which it is possible to calculate, among others, a quantity of a mechanical quality factor of a kinematics pair – it is possible to define an operating time reserve of the kinematics pair to resonance.
On the non-convexity of the time constant in first-passage percolation.

We give a counterexample to a conjecture of Hammersley and Welsh (1965) about the convexity of the time constant in first-passage percolation, as a functional on the space of distribution functions. The present counterexample only works for first-passage percolation on $Z^d$ for $d$ large.
Edge Rotation and Edge Slide Distance Graphs

Abstract Let S be a set of graphs and d a distance function defined on S × S. The distance graph D (S) of S is that graph whose vertex set is S, and in which two vertices G and H are adjacent if and only if d(G, H) = 1. In this paper, we define two types of distance between graphs and discuss properties of the corresponding distance graphs. We also investigate those graphs that are distance graphs.
COMMENTS ON HUDESMAN AND PAGE'S REPLY TO FUDIN'S COMMENTS ON HUDESMAN, PAGE AND RAUTIANEN'S SUBLIMINAL PSYCHODYNAMIC ACTIVATION EXPERIMENT '

Hudesman and Page's contention that Gustafson and Kallmen's 1991 results indicate that subsequent subliminal psychodynamic activation experiments do not require the controls suggested by Fudin in 1986 is questioned. The rationale for Fudin's 1993 comment concerning the limited generalizability of Hudesman, et al.'s (1992) results, a comment Hudesman and Page contended is unfounded, is discussed.
Clinical dentistry, 1967

Preventive dentistry, now discussed as a philosophy and concept, will become the active part of practice. Useful research information for the practicing dentist is provided in this review article.
Linoleic acid, but not oleic acid, upregulates production of interleukin-8 by human vascular smooth muscle cells via arachidonic acid metabolites under conditions of oxidative stress.

Preeclampsia is associated with oxidative stress, elevated plasma levels of linoleic acid (LA), and increased vascular smooth muscle expression of the inflammatory chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8). We hypothesized that increased levels of LA under conditions of oxidative stress would increased production of IL-8 by vascular smooth muscle cells because LA is the dietary precursor to arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites that mediate inflammation. We also hypothesized that oleic acid (OA), which is not metabolized to AA metabolites, would not increase IL-8 under conditions of oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we cultured placental arterial smooth muscle (PASM) cells with an oxidizing solution enriched with LA (OxLA) or OA (OxOA). Media concentrations were analyzed for IL-8 and AA metabolites. Inhibitors were used to block the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways. Exposure of cells to OxLA, but not to OxOA, significantly increased production of IL-8. OxLA also significantly increased production of AA metabolites. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway, blocked IL-8 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production induced by OxLA, whereas indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway, blocked LL-8, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and thromboxane B2 (TXBJ production. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated gene expression in PASM cells for representative lipoxygenase (LTB4) and cyclooxygenase (thromboxane) metabolite receptors. PASM cells produced LL-8 in response to LA, but not OA, under conditions of oxidative stress. The LL-8 response was mediated by AA metabolites.
Polymerase chain reaction detection of a novel human KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor) gene polymorphism by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis or by SmaI or BstNI cleavage

We describe a common single-base polymorphism of the KIT gene that alters both SmaI and BstNI restriction sites, but is most easily detected as a single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).