cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of in-vehicle navigation assistance and performance on driver trust and vehicle control

Driver trust in in-vehicle navigation systems may be an important factor influencing use of such automation. This research investigated the trust effect of in-vehicle navigation aiding performance that degraded over time and assessed differences in trust among automated versus human aids in a simulated driving task. Twenty participants drove through a suburb area following traffic signs and directions from one of the navigation aids, the human aid via a cell phone or the in-vehicle automation aid presented on a separate simulator display, with different levels of aid information accuracy in each trial (100%, 80% and 60%). A control condition was also investigated to assess any benefit of aiding in which participants were presented with a telemarketing survey instead of navigation information. A2 � 4 mixed experimental design was used with the two levels of aid type (manipulated between-subjects) and the four levels of information accuracy (manipulated within-subjects). Driver trust was measured using a subjective survey of initial trust expectations, as well as subjective ratings of trust at the close of each trial. Driving speed control deviations and the number of errors in driver conformance with posted signs and navigation instructions were recorded. In agreement with prior work in other domains, results demonstrated drivers had a higher initial trust expectation for the automated aid than the human aid. However, once the automated aid was used, trust declined dramatically across degrading aid performance conditions. In general, there was a trend for trust to decrease more sharply with the automated aid than the human aid, but there was no statistical difference among the aids. Trust declined as both aids degraded in performance. Driving errors also increased as the navigation aid performance decreased, and the control condition produced the highest number of errors. This study demonstrated the role of driver trust in in-vehicle navigation aid use and has implications for designing navigation systems that support trust and performance. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PARSEC: a structured connectionist parsing system for spoken language

The authors present PARSEC-a system for generating connectionist parsing networks from example parses. PARSEC is not based on formal grammar systems and has been geared towards spoken language tasks. PARSEC networks exhibit three strengths important for application to speech processing: they learn to parse, and generalize well compared to hand-coded grammars; they tolerate several types of noise; and they can learn to use multimodal input. The authors also present the PARSEC architecture, its training algorithms, and performance analyses along several dimensions that demonstrate PARSEC's features. They compare PARSEC's performance to that of traditional grammar-based parsing systems. >
Directed molecular evolution by somatic hypermutation

After rearrangement of immunoglobulin gene segments, the immune system evolves the antibody repertoire by mutating the immunoglobulin variable region at a high rate. While this somatic hypermutation was thought to occur only at the variable region, recent studies suggest that hypermutation can occur at locations throughout the genome. Building upon this notion, we sought to exploit this mechanism as a mutagenesis tool. We created a substrate based on GFP that could be screened using flow cytometry and showed that retroviral infection can deliver the transgene to genomic locations that support hypermutation. Infected cells generated various GFP mutants with increased fluorescence intensity and analysis revealed mutations not only at the chromophore, but also an unexpected mutation at a distant residue. Our results demonstrate in principle that immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation can be a potent means of mutagenesis. With appropriate selection conditions it may be utilized to evolve gene products with desired properties.
Radiation-Driven Flame Spread Over Thermally-Thick Fuels in Quiescent Microgravity Environments

Microgravity experiments on flame spread over thermally thick fuels were conducted using foam fuels to obtain low density and thermal conductivity, and thus large spread rate (Sf) compared to dense fuels such as PMMA. This scheme enabled meaningful results to lie obtained even in 2.2 second drop tower experiments. It was found that, in contrast conventional understanding; steady spread can occur over thick fuels in quiescent microgravity environments, especially when a radiatively active diluent gas such as CO2 is employed. This is proposed to be due to radiative transfer from the flame to the fuel surface. Additionally, the transition from thermally thick to thermally thin behavior with decreasing bed thickness is demonstrated.
Systematic Selection and Siting of Vehicle Fueling Infrastructure to Synergistically Meet Future Demands for Alternative Fuels

In order to meet the increasing demand for low carbon and renewable transportation fuels, a methodology for systematically establishing build-out scenarios is desirable. In an effort to minimize initial investment costs associated with the development of fueling infrastructure, the Analytical Hierarch Process (AHP) has been developed and applied, as an illustration, to the case of hydrogen fueling infrastructure deployment in the State of California. In this study, five parameters are selected in order to rank hydrogen transportation fuel generation locations within the State. The weighting parameters include: 1) Proximity to Power Generation Facilities, 2) Lowest Land Cost, 3) Least Populous, 4) Proximity to Existing Energy Infrastructure, and 5) Water Infrastructure Proximity. These parameters are selected to maximize land availability and minimize cost. In order to utilize meaningful weighting factors within the AHP, expert inputs were gathered and employed in the exercising of the models suite of weighting parameters. The analysis uses statewide geographic information obtained from the California Energy Commission and identifies both key energy infrastructure expansion locations and critical criteria that make the largest impact in the location of selected sites.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Quantitative analysis of microbial fermentation under normal or high ruminal temperature in continuous cultures1

ABSTRACT A dual-flow, continuous-culture system was used to investigate effects of ruminal temperature and forage-to-concentrate ratio in lactation dairy diets on in vitro fermentation characteristics. The experiment was performed in a 2 × 2 factorial design (n = 4). Diets were formulated to maintain different forage-to-concentrate ratios (60:40 or 40:60, DM basis) in the high-forage (HF) or the low-forage (LF) diet, respectively. Four treatments were tested: HF under normal ruminal temperature (NRT; 39°C), LF under NRT, HF under high ruminal temperature (HRT; 41°C), and LF under HRT. Each independent run lasted 11 d (8 d of treatment adaptation and 3 d of data and sample collection). The temperature of the HRT treatment was chosen to mimic ruminal fermentative environment when cows are under heat stress. The HRT increased (P
Carcinoid Heart Disease: The Challenge of the Unknown Known.

Carcinoid tumors are rare (2.5 to 5.0 cases per 100,000 of the population per year), slow-growing neuroendocrine malignancies with significant potential to produce hepatic metastases and release excessive amounts of vasoactive amines into the systemic circulation [(1)][1]. As a consequence, up to 15
Nutritional Compounds as Chemopreventive Agents by Proteasome Inhibition

Nutritional phytochemicals, distributed throughout the plant kingdom, possess anticancer activities associated with their consumption. This chapter will focus on the cellular activities of phytochemicals, their potential molecular targets and biological effects on cancer cells with a focus on the proteasome inhibition. The proteasome is a large multicatalytic, proteinase complex located in the cytosol and the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is responsible for the degradation of most intracellular proteins and therefore plays an essential regulatory role in critical cellular processes including cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Normal cell function and homeostasis depends on proteasome activity, however, cancer cells are more sensitive to proteasome inhibitors than normal cells, indicating that the inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system could be used as an approach for cancer therapy and understanding chemoprevention.
Design of a JBIG Encoder

This chapter is organized in the following way: First, s brief introduction to the JBIG algorithm is given to help understand the rest of the tutorial. Then, the architecture exploration process, which determines the system architecture, it described in detail. Then, the approach to synthesizing interface between bus and IP/memory is described. For the part that is to be implemented in hardware, the FSMD model is developed and RTL architecure is derived. The chapter concludes with some conclusions.
Evaluating the Accuracy and Incremental Information Content of Audit Reports

A series of corporate failures in which auditors failed to warn investors about impending bankruptcy has led to widespread public criticism of the auditing profession. This paper evaluates the accuracy and information content of audit reports for 976 UK publicly quoted companies between 1987-94. It shows that audit reports were not accurate signals of bankruptcy and did not signal useful incremental information about the probability of bankruptcy. This suggests that future research needs to consider whether factors unrelated to financial distress affect the audit reporting decision.
The historical and cultural construction of legitimated interests: the rise of American chambers of commerce

The organizational institutionalism perspective has largely treated interests in polarized ways where interests are either determined by or separate from the organizational field. This paper introduces the construct of legitimated interests to better situate interests within history and culture. I provide a descriptive account of the organizational field of American chambers of commerce, illustrating that the recognized interests of organizations change over time to reflect what the public views to be legitimate. As an institution that emerged to unify the interests of business owners, I demonstrate how contemporary chambers of commerce represent an organizational field where market competition is set aside for collaboration. The construct of legitimated interests extends the organizational institutionalism literature by theorizing interests as plural and malleable recognitions instead of possessions. As a result, the construct of legitimated interests is well positioned to explain the historical evolutio...
Critical spatial learning: participatory mapping, spatial histories, and youth civic engagement

As digital technologies become ubiquitous in many places, scholars of civic engagement, youth and political life, and geographic education have explored the potential of teaching critical and spatial thinking through digital technologies. This paper examines interactive digital mapping as a technology environment for teaching and practicing critical spatial thinking, in relation to civic engagement. From this participatory and dialogic mapping project with teenage girls in Seattle, Washington, we develop a conceptualization of critical spatial thinking that emphasizes how social and spatial processes intertwine to generate societal inequalities and show how this learning informs students’ social and spatial civic responses. We show how interactive digital mapping pedagogies offer students an opportunity to develop awareness of what happens in their urban geographies, but also how and what they might do to intervene.
Blood bank quality control. 3. Packed erythrocytes (human).

Using the net weight in grams and hematocrit of the individual donor unit, a formula for determining the weight in grams of plasma–ACD to remove to prepare packed erythrocytes (human) with a precise predetermined hematocrit is derived. A table giving the weight in grams of plasma–ACD to remove for a component hematocrit of 75% is included. In three series comprising 63, 100, and 111 samples of technically well-prepared components, the respective mean final hematocrits were 74.8%, 74.9%, and 74.6%.
Research for INS Alignment on a Swaying Base

When Inertial Navigation System carries through alignment process on a swaying base,the disturbance signal is stronger than the useful signal and the system's S/N ratio is very low,so the convergence time of alignment process is long.In order to improve the alignment accuracy and reduce the alignment time,this paper brings forward a new approach based on parameters estimation by means of Markov recursive filter.The wander azimuth INS platform realizes adjustment of level axis,confirmation of heading direction and detection of gyro drift through open-loop coarse alignment and closed-loop fine alignment.The test results show that a high-precision alignment and a reduced alignment time have been obtained by means of this new method.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction Study of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Growth on Cu Single-Crystal Substrates

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is an important material for the development of new 2D heterostructures. To enable this development, the relationship between crystal growth and the substrate orientation must be explored and understood. In this study, we simultaneously grew h-BN on different orientations of Cu substrates to establish the impact of substrate structure on the growth habit of thin h-BN layers. The substrates studied were a polycrystalline Cu foil, Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111). Fourier transform grazing-incidence infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) was used to identify h-BN on copper substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the effective thickness of the h-BN. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to measure the morphology of the films and postgrowth crystal structure of the Cu substrates, respectively. Combining the SEM and EBSD images allowed for the correlation between h-BN film coverage an...
Malaria transmission potential could be reduced with current and future climate change

Several studies suggest the potential for climate change to increase malaria incidence in cooler, marginal transmission environments. However, the effect of increasing temperature in warmer regions where conditions currently support endemic transmission has received less attention. We investigate how increases in temperature from optimal conditions (27 °C to 30 °C and 33 °C) interact with realistic diurnal temperature ranges (DTR: ± 0 °C, 3 °C, and 4.5 °C) to affect the ability of key vector species from Africa and Asia (Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi) to transmit the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The effects of increasing temperature and DTR on parasite prevalence, parasite intensity, and mosquito mortality decreased overall vectorial capacity for both mosquito species. Increases of 3 °C from 27 °C reduced vectorial capacity by 51-89% depending on species and DTR, with increases in DTR alone potentially halving transmission. At 33 °C, transmission potential was further reduced for An. stephensi and blocked completely in An. gambiae. These results suggest that small shifts in temperature could play a substantial role in malaria transmission dynamics, yet few empirical or modeling studies consider such effects. They further suggest that rather than increase risk, current and future warming could reduce transmission potential in existing high transmission settings.
White Clover as an Alternate Host to Soybean for Redbanded Stink Bug

Abstract. The most important stink bug pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in Texas, the redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was detected and monitored by using a sweep net on soybean and white clover, Trifolium repens L. Many nymphs and adults were found on white clover that sustained and provided breeding sites during early summer when soybeans were not attractive to stink bugs. As soybeans entered reproductive phases and progressed from flowering to maturity, the number of redbanded stink bugs on soybean increased to a peak at maturity stage (R7) in early to mid-October. Of the redbanded stink bugs collected from both hosts, 52% were in white clover and the remainder in soybeans. The nymph-to-adult ratio was 2.5 on white clover, but less than 1.2 on soybean, suggesting more reproduction on white clover than soybean. Future studies should assess differences in ratios of nymphs and adults between white clover and soybean by determining fecundity, adult sur...
Blood thinners and gastrointestinal endoscopy

As the number of diagnostic and therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopies is increasing, and there is an increase in number of patients taking blood thinners, we are seeing more and more patients on blood thinners prior to endoscopic procedures. Gastrointestinal bleeding or thromboembolism can occur in this category of patients in the periendoscopic period. To better manage these patients, endoscopists should have a clear concept about the various blood thinners in the market. Patients' risk of thromboembolism off anticoagulation, and the risk of bleeding from endoscopic procedures should be assessed prior to endoscopy. The endoscopic procedure should be done when it is safe to do it.
The politics of virtue: An Aristotelian-Thomistic engagement with the VIA classification of character strengths

AbstractThe VIA Classification of Character Strengths is often presented as cross-culturally valid, but this is methodologically and philosophically ungrounded: the VIA Classification rather reflects the particular political and moral commitments of the workgroups from which it emerged. Attention to virtue theory reveals, in fact, that all virtue classifications privilege particular political communities and their normative commitments. For Aristotle, for example, as for Augustine and Thomas Aquinas after him, virtues are habits which enable the flourishing of political community (polis), and any classification of virtue reflects the needs and aspirations of the polis it serves. Seen in this way, the virtues of the VIA Classification privilege and promote modern liberal democracy; as such, they are useful and sometimes cross-cultural, but not universal. Future positive psychology research must be transparent about its prescriptive moral commitments and attentive to methods that privilege close attention t...
Communication efficient signal detection in correlated clutter for wireless sensor networks

We study a problem of detecting deterministic signals buried in correlated clutter using wireless sensor networks. We are specifically interested in developing a distributed algorithm over the network to detect the presence of a deterministic signal while keeping low communication delay and energy associated with the distributed computation. In this paper, we deploy a distributed version of the Sparse Matrix Transform (SMT) that decorrelates a signal measured by a number of sensors in order to compute a matched filter. The matched filter represents the sum of the Log-Likelihood Ratios over all the sensors of the two hypotheses corresponding to whether a deterministic signal is present or not. We show through numerical simulations that our algorithm is very efficient in terms of communication energy and delay while sustaining a high Signal-to-Clutter Ratio.
Liver Cancer and Metastases

The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases pose unique considerations to the radiation oncologist. The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in North America mandates the refinement of prevention strategies, identification of high-risk individuals, and further development of prognostic and predictive scoring systems for locally ablative therapies. Given the advances in systemic therapy for patients with colorectal malignancies, as well as for other primaries, there is a subset of patients who can experience a prolonged disease-free interval or are potentially curable from the ablation of metastatic liver lesions. More refined methods for identifying these patients using clinical and pathologic factors are currently under investigation. With the advent of conformal radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy, there is a low risk of hepatic toxicity for patients with normal hepatic function. Caution should be exercised when treating patients with underlying hepatic compromise.
Correlation between meteo-climatological factors and asthma exacerbation among children: A prospective study

Asthma is a serious public health problem. Seasonal modifications could play a role in asthma exacerbation among children.The aim of this study is to investigate the link between various meteorological factors and asthma exacerbations. Methods: This is a prospective study that includes children aged of 3 months and more who have been hospitalized for Asthma exacerbation at the Pneumology service of the Children9s Hospital in Rabat (Morocco) during a one-year period (March 2011 to February 2012). Children with another pathology associated with asthma were excluded from the study. The daily meteorologic variations (pluviometry, temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity) were taken from the website, entitled “Marocmeteo”. The correlation between seasonal variations and the incidence of asthma exacerbation was done using spearman test. Results: 1760 children between 1 to 15 year old (mean age=5.76) were recruited in the study and a high level of exacerbation was mentioned for the children between 1 to 4 year old. The higher the humidity and atmospheric pressure, the higher the incidence of exacerbation (p≤0.001). Besides, the higher the temperature, the lower the incidence of asthma exacerbation. No relationship was detected between pluviometry and asthma exacerbation. (p=0.206) Conclusion: Cold weather, high humidity and atmospheric pressure seem to be correlated with a high incidence of asthma exacerbation. Thus, preventive measures have to be taken during the cold season.
Infographic: ACL injury reconstruction and recovery

![Figure][1] Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a considerable source of morbidity among athletes. Most ACL injuries (70%) are non-contact in nature, with women and patients aged between 15 and 30 years at particularly high risk.[1][2],[2][3] The vast majority of patients undergo
On the Density Dependence of the Integral Equation Coarse-Graining Effective Potential.

Coarse-graining (CG) procedures provide computationally efficient methods for investigating the corresponding long time- and length-scale processes. In the bottom-up approaches, the effective interactions between the CG sites are obtained using the information from the atomistic simulations, but reliable CG procedures are required to preserve the structure and thermodynamics. In this regard, the integral equation coarse-graining (IECG) method is a promising approach that uses the first-principles Ornstein–Zernike equation in liquid state theory to determine the effective potential between CG sites. In this work, we present the details of the IECG method while treating the density as an intrinsic property and active variable of the CG system. Performing extensive simulations of polymer melts, we show that the IECG theory/simulation and atomistic simulation results are consistent in structural properties such as the pair-correlation functions and form factors, and also thermodynamic properties such as press...
Risky Science? Perception and Negotiation of Risk in University Bioscience:

Scientists’ risk perceptions play a critical role in determining the risks that they are willing to accept in their work. This study investigates academic bioscientists’ risk perceptions by examini...
Medicaid Versus Marketplace Coverage For Near-Poor Adults: Effects On Out-Of-Pocket Spending And Coverage

In states that expanded Medicaid eligibility under the Affordable Care Act, nonelderly near-poor adults—those with family incomes of 100–138 percent of the federal poverty level—are generally eligible for Medicaid, with no premiums and minimal cost sharing. In states that did not expand eligibility, these adults may qualify for premium tax credits to purchase Marketplace plans that have out-of-pocket premiums and cost-sharing requirements. We used data for 2010–15 to estimate the effects of Medicaid expansion on coverage and out-of-pocket expenses, compared to the effects of Marketplace coverage. For adults with family incomes of 100–138 percent of poverty, living in a Medicaid expansion state was associated with a 4.5-percentage-point reduction in the probability of being uninsured, a $344 decline in average total out-of-pocket spending, a 4.1-percentage-point decline in high out-of-pocket spending burden (that is, spending more than 10 percent of income), and a 7.7-percentage-point decline in the probab...
Invariant logic: a calculus for problem reformulation

Symmetries abound in nature. Observing symmetries often provides the key to discovering internal structure. In problem solving, observing and reasoning about symmetries is a powerful tool for shifting viewpoints on a problem. A calculus for reasoning about problem symmetries has been developed, called Invariant Logic. Invariant Logic is partially implemented in STRATA, a system which synthesizes algorithms through problem reformulation. In STRATA, Invariant Logic is used to reason about generalized problem symmetries for several purposes. The first purpose is as a calculus for generating expressions denoting problem symmetries. The second purpose is problem abstraction - generating abstract problem descriptions which denote models in which the problem symmetries have been collapsed. The third purpose is problem reduction - specializing a problem description by adding constraints in order to realize performance gains.
Thymine glycol-DNA glycosylase/AP endonuclease of CEM-C1 lymphoblasts: A human analog of Escherichiacoli endonuclease III

A thymine glycol-DNA glycosylase/AP endonuclease has been identified in human CEM-C1 lymphoblasts. The enzyme is active in the absence of divalent cations and has an apparent molecular size of approximately 60,000 daltons. The enzyme releases thymine glycol from osmium tetroxide-damaged DNA via an N-glycosylase activity and is associated with an endonuclease activity that mediates phosphodiester bond cleavage at sites of thymine glycol and apurinic sites. We propose that this enzyme, which we call redoxyendonuclease, is the human analog of a bacterial enzyme, E. coli endonuclease III, that recognizes oxidative DNA damage.
Bridging Disciplines and Setting up Diverse Teams

A qualitative action research study was conducted to explore whether an educational learning pattern inventory had application to teams in the MBA and educational leadership programs at a private university. Four courses were conducted by the same instructor. Fourteen teams were formed utilizing the inventory with 61 participants. Results illustrated that the inventory had value in both the business and education classroom in constructing diverse teams based on learning pattern theory. The inventory helped expedite the assignment of team roles and responsibilities and hastened team identity. Shared leadership emerged on the 14 teams in the study.
Psychometric Properties of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is one of the most widely used measures of trait expressions of narcissism in social/personality psychology. This chapter provides an overview of the psychometric properties of the NPI. We first describe the results of various dimensional analyses of the NPI and note the tendency for most solutions to distinguish the social potency content (i.e., items reflecting leadership/authority) from the more socially aversive content (e.g., items reflecting exhibitionism and entitlement). We next describe the reliability and validity evidence available for the NPI total score and its subscales, as well as the implications of the NPI’s response format (e.g., forced-choice vs. Likert-type scale) for dimensionality, reliability, and validity. We end the chapter by discussing the content coverage of the NPI.
CIRCling the wagons to protect intestinal stem cells.

Innate lymphoid cell–derived cytokine IL-13 promotes the maintenance of intestinal stem cells through stabilization of β-catenin. The circular RNA circPan3 regulates mRNA encoding the cytokine receptor subunit IL-13Rα and downstream IL-13 signaling to stabilize the β-catenin pathway in intestinal stem cells.
Outcomes of High-Dose Steroid Therapy for Infantile Spasms in Children With Trisomy 21.

Objective:We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with trisomy 21 and infantile spasms in our university-based pediatric epilepsy center between 2002 and 2016 in order to describe the...
Rural Tourism in Natural Parks in Andalusia: An Analysis of the Demand of the Tourist Consumer.

The Andalusian region in Spain, is famous for being a tourist area of great singularity with different degrees of development and models of touristic exploitation, strongly characterized by its offer of sun and beach. Today, this community does not limit itself to only offering sun and beach since not all the tourists that choose this as their destination have exclusive preference for this sector. Among all these new proposals there is one modality, rural tourism, that is the focal point of this study, especially the initiatives for rural tourism in Natural Parks. Rural tourism has become the solution for some problems that have emerged in rural areas: high rate of unemployment, rural exodus, primary sector dependence. So the practice of this activity will generate and diversify the income, plural-activity, it will create employment. For this reason it is necessary to offer a product that is adapted to the tourist consumer's demand, so it is essential to know profile of the tourist. We will show the results which have been obtained in the analysis of two research. The first of them has been done in Andalusia. We can find on it the consumer profile of rural tourism in this region. In the second one, obtained data of three natural parks in Cordoba have been analysed, showing the level of satisfaction that the tourists got after their stay in the area.
Organ-on-chips made of blood: endothelial progenitor cells from blood reconstitute vascular thromboinflammation in vessel-chips

Development of therapeutic approaches to treat vascular dysfunction and thrombosis at disease- and patient-specific levels is an exciting proposed direction in biomedical research. However, this cannot be achieved with animal preclinical models alone, and new in vitro techniques, like human organ-on-chips, currently lack inclusion of easily obtainable and phenotypically-similar human cell sources. Therefore, there is an unmet need to identify sources of patient primary cells and apply them in organ-on-chips to increase personalized mechanistic understanding of diseases and to assess drugs. In this study, we provide a proof-of-feasibility of utilizing blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) as a disease-specific primary cell source to analyze vascular inflammation and thrombosis in vascular organ-chips or "vessel-chips". These blood-derived BOECs express several factors that confirm their endothelial identity. The vessel-chips are cultured with BOECs from healthy or diabetic patients and form an intact 3D endothelial lumen. Inflammation of the BOEC endothelium with exogenous cytokines reveals vascular dysfunction and thrombosis in vitro similar to in vivo observations. Interestingly, our study with vessel-chips also reveals that unstimulated BOECs of type 1 diabetic pigs show phenotypic behavior of the disease - high vascular dysfunction and thrombogenicity - when compared to control BOECs or normal primary endothelial cells. These results demonstrate the potential of organ-on-chips made from autologous endothelial cells obtained from blood in modeling vascular pathologies and therapeutic outcomes at a disease and patient-specific level.
Confident or familiar? The role of familiarity ratings in adults’ confidence judgments when estimating fraction magnitudes

Understanding fraction magnitudes is especially important in daily life, but fraction reasoning is quite difficult. To accurately reason about fraction magnitudes, adults need to monitor what they know and what they do not know. However, little is known about which cues adults use to monitor fraction performance. Across two studies, we examined adults’ trial-by-trial fraction estimates, confidence judgments, and ratings of fraction familiarity. Adults were more confident when their estimates were more precise as well as when estimating fractions they rated as more familiar. However, adults judged their confidence in estimating fraction magnitudes, in part, based on their familiarity with each fraction. The role familiarity cues play in judgments of confidence with fractions suggests that people may be less likely to check for errors when reasoning about highly-familiar fractions.
Identification of the Ventricular Tachycardia Isthmus After Infarction by Pacemapping

LAVA (Local Abnormal Ventricular Activities) reflects local anisotropic conduction delay and helps to identify isthmus site and improves ablation outcomes. However, the latency of LAVA is affected largely by their locations with only 43% of endocardial septal LAVA detected after the QRS complex. Alternative site pacing may be useful in unmasking LAVA. VT isthmuses can be identified and part of their course delineated with progressively prolonged stimulus-QRS interval by pace mapping during sinus rhythm.
CRISPR based targeted genome editing of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using programmed Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – Cas associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is very precise, efficient and relatively simple in creating genetic modifications at a predetermined locus in the genome. Genome editing with Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) has reduced cytotoxic effects, off-target cleavage and increased on-target activity and the editing efficiencies. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an emerging model for studying the production of high-value products for industrial applications. Development of C. reinhardtii as an industrial biotechnology host can be achieved more efficiently through genetic modifications using genome editing tools. We made an attempt to target MAA7 gene that encodes the tryptophan synthase β-Subunit using CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs to demonstrate knock-out and knock-in through homology-dependent repair template at the target site. In this study, we have demonstrated targeted gene knock-out in C. reinhardtii using programmed RNPs. Targeted editing of MAA7 gene was confirmed by sequencing the clones that were resistant to 5-Fluoroindole (5-FI). Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair mechanism led to insertion, deletion, and/or base substitution in the Cas9 cleavage vicinity, encoding non-functional MAA7 protein product (knock-out), conferring resistance to 5-FI. Here, we report an efficient protocol for developing knock-out mutants in Chlamydomonas using CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs. The high potential efficiency of editing may also eliminate the need to select mutants by phenotype. These research findings would be more likely applied to other green algae for developing green cell factories to produce high-value molecules.
Continuing Medical Education in the Time of Social Distancing: The Case for Expanding Podcast Usage for Continuing Education.

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing society to re-evaluate how it educates learners of all levels, from medical students to faculty. Travel restrictions and limits on large public gatherings have necessitated the cancelling of numerous regional and national conferences as well as local grand rounds at many academic centers. Podcasting provides a potential solution for providing CME in a safe, socially distant way as an alternative to these more traditional CME sources for health care professionals. Using a popular CME podcast for pediatric hospitalists as an example, this article describes the many advantages that podcasting poses over more traditional CME methods, outlines some of the methodological and technological considerations that go into creating a high-quality podcast, and describes how podcasting can be leveraged during a global pandemic. Finally, we identify areas for further research regarding podcasting, including effective ways to virtually replace the more social and community building aspects of traditional conferences and grand rounds.
Characteristics of US military personnel with atrial fibrillation and associated deployment and retention rates.

Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia impacting military occupational performances. Despite being a recognised disqualifying condition, there is no literature describing US military service members with AF. This study aims to describe members with AF diagnoses, the distribution of treatment strategies and associated deployment and retention rates. Methods Active duty service members identified with AF from 2004 to 2019 were investigated. Cardiovascular profiles, AF management strategies and military dispositions were assessed by electronic medical record review. Results 386 service members (mean age 35.0±9.4 years; 94% paroxysmal AF) with AF diagnoses were identified. 91 (24%) had hypertension followed by 75 (19%) with sleep apnoea. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc scores were low (0.39±0.65). Rhythm treatments were used in 173 (45%) followed by rate control strategies in 155 (40%). 161 (42%) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). In subgroup analysis of 365 personnel, 147 (40%) deployed and 248 (68%) remained active duty after AF diagnosis. Deployment and retention rates did not differ between those who received no medical therapy, rate control or rhythm strategies (p=0.9039 and p=0.6192, respectively). PVI did not significantly impact deployment or retention rates (p=0.3903 and p=0.0929, respectively). Conclusion Service members with AF are young with few AF risk factors. Rate and rhythm medical therapies were used evenly. Over two-thirds met retention standards and 40% deployed after diagnosis. There were no differences in deployment or retention between groups who receive rate therapy, rhythm medical therapy or PVI. Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of specific AF therapies on AF burden and symptomatology in service members is needed.
Effect of Rotor Wake Structure on Fan Interaction Noise

The prediction of noise produced by fan-wake interaction with the fan exit guide vane (FEGV) is studied. The acoustic response of the FEGV is computed using LINFLUX, a three-dimensional, frequency-domain, linearized Euler solver for turbomachinery. The research focuses on tonal noise predictions for the advanced ducted propulsor (ADP) and the source diagnostic test (SDT) scaled turbofan rigs. The sensitivity of the 2BPF noise prediction to the inow specication is quantied. Inow models are generated based on both experimental and computational fan-wake data. The computational data are provided by four dierent Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) computational uid dynamic (CFD) solutions. When compared to experimental results, the computations provide comparable mean ow solutions but overpredict the wake decit. The CFD solutions dier more for higher wheel speed cases, especially in the tip region. It is shown that inputs generated from the various experimental and CFD data also dier, but that these dierences weakly impact the prediction of the sound power level (PWL) at the lower wheel speed. At the higher wheel speeds, where the dierences in the inputs near the tip are greatest, the PWL reects this dierence. For a given wheel speed, the predictions using input values based on the dierent CFD data and the experimental wake data agree to within 5 dB. However, they vary from the experimentally measured acoustic PWLs by up to 14 dB.
The Docosanoid Neuroprotectin D1 Induces TH-Positive Neuronal Survival in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) does not manifest clinically until 80 % of striatal dopamine is reduced, thus most neuronal damage takes place before the patient presents clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is important to develop preventive strategies for this disease. In the experimental models of PD, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and rotenone induce toxicity in dopaminergic neurons. Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) displays neuroprotection in cells undergoing proteotoxic and oxidative stress. In the present report, we established an in vitro model using a primary neuronal culture from mesencephalic embryonic mouse tissue in which 17–20 % of neurons were TH-positive when differentiated in vitro. NPD1 (100 nM) rescued cells from apoptosis induced by MPP+ and rotenone, and the dendritic arbor of surviving neurons was examined using Sholl analysis. Rotenone, as well as MPP+ and its precursor 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), severely promoted retraction of dendritic arbor distal segments, thus decreasing the maximum branch order reached. On average, NPD1 counteracted the effects of MPP+ on the dendritic arborization, but failed to do so in the rotenone-treated neurons. However, rotenone did decrease the Sholl intersection number from radii 25 to 125 µm, and NPD1 did restore the pattern to control levels. Similarly, NPD1 partially reverted the dendrite retraction caused by MPP+ and MPTP. These results suggest that the apoptosis occurring in mesencephalic TH-positive neurons is not a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction alone and that NPD1 signaling may be counteracting this damage. These findings lay the groundwork for the use of the in vitro model developed for future studies and for the search of specific molecular events that NPD1 targets to prevent early neurodegeneration in PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10571-015-0206-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Evaluation and Diagnosis of the Dysmorphic Infant

Neonatologists have a unique opportunity to be the first to identify abnormalities in a neonate. In this review, multiple anomalies and physical features are discussed along with the potential associated genetic syndromes. The anomalies and physical features that are discussed include birth parameters, aplasia cutis congenita, holoprosencephaly, asymmetric crying facies, preauricular ear tags and pits, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital heart defects, ventral wall defects, and polydactyly.
Comparative Analysis of Risk, Return and Diversification of Mutual Fund

Mutual Funds have become a widely popular and effective way for investors to participate in financial markets in an easy, low-cost fashion, while muting risk characteristics by spreading the investment across different types of securities, also known as diversification. It can play a central role in an individual's investment strategy. With the plethora of schemes available in the Indian markets, an investors needs to evaluate and consider various factors before making an investment decision. The present investigation is aimed to examine the performance of safest investment instrument in the security market in the eyes of investors. Five mutual fund large cap scheme have been selected for this purpose. The examination is achieved by assessing various financial tests like Sharpe Ratio, Standard Deviation, Alpha, and Beta. Furthermore, in-depth analysis also has been done by considering return over the period of last five years on various basis, expenses ratio, corpus-size etc. The data has been taken from various websites of mutual fund schemes and from www.valueresearch.com. The study will be helpful for the researchers and financial analysts to analyze various securities or funds while selecting the best investment alternative out of the galaxy of investment alternatives.
Napoleon Bonaparte’s Concordat and the French Revolution

In 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius XVII signed an agreement called the Concordat, which was an agreement between the French state and the Catholic Church that reconciled the Church with the antireligious policies established during the French Revolution. This paper discusses the conflicting viewpoints held by various historians concerning the legacy of the Concordat; that is, did the agreement fulfill the religious goals of the early revolutionaries or did it betray their ideals? Ultimately, the paper concludes that the Concordat did indeed uphold the religious principles established during the early stages of the Revolution.
Cobalt Ferrite Crystal Growth from the Ternary Flux System Na2O–CoO–Fe2O3

It is shown that the simple ferrite spinels (M2+Fe2O4) crystallize readily from the ternary flux system MO–Na2O–Fe2O3. The liquidus‐solidus phase diagrams for the pseudobinary of Na2Fe2O4–CoFe2O4 and the ternary Na2O–CoO–Fe2O3 are presented. A general discussion of flux growth of ferrite crystals of both the simple spinel type and the more complex layered structures (BaFe12O19) is given. Crystals of CoFe2O4 were grown from a mixture of 1.5 moles of CoFe2O4 and 1 mole of Na2Fe2O4 by utilizing a platinum wire cold finger.
Pain reduction by electrical brain stimulation in man: Part 2: Chronic self-administration in the periventricular gray matter

Electrical stimulation of the periventricular gray matter is an effective means of relieving several types of pain without destruction of neural tissue. The effects are long lasting, often bilateral, and with judicious use do not appear subject to adaptation. However, sustained uninterrupted stimulation for several hours does lead to a reversible decrease in effectiveness. Side effects from stimulation are minimal and cause little or no untoward emotional changes. The results are discussed in terms of activation of an endogenous pain inhibitory mechanism that involves naturally occurring opiate-like factors such as the enkephalins and endorphins.
OODCE: a C++ framework for the OSF distributed computing environment

This paper presents a method for developing object-oriented distributed applications using the C++ and DCE technologies. The core of this package is a DCE IDL-to-C++ compiler and a set of C++ classes providing easy access to DCE functionality. Using this approach we were able to develop more object-oriented distributed applications, and saw a significant decrease in application code size. This contributed to an increase in developer productivity and code maintainability.
Biocompatible D-Penicillamine Conjugated Au Nanoparticles: Targeting Intracellular Free Copper Ions for Detoxification

High thiophillicicity of the Au-nanoparticle (Au NP) surface leads to covalent attachment of D-penicillamine molecules to Au NPs to form biocompatible D-penicillamine conjugated Au NPs. The latter are highly water-dispersible, exhibit no cytotoxicity, and can readily penetrate the cell membrane to target intracellular free copper ions for selective copper detoxification in the presence of the other divalent essential metal ions including Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II), thus opening up a new avenue for improving the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of D-penicillamine, an important clinical drug currently used to treat the copper overload-related diseases and disorders.