cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late Miocene–Pliocene eclogite facies metamorphism, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, SE Papua New Guinea

The D'Entrecasteaux Islands of south-eastern Papua New Guinea are active metamorphic core complexes that formed within a region where the plate tectonic regime has transitioned from subduction to rifting. While rapid, post 4 Myr exhumation and cooling of amphibolite and greenschist facies rocks that constitute the footwall of the crustal scale detachment fault system have been previously documented on Fergusson and Goodenough Islands of the D'Entrecasteaux chain, the timing of eclogite facies metamorphism in rocks of the footwall was unknown. Recent work revealed that at least one of the eclogite bodies formed during the Pliocene. We present combined in situ ion microprobe U-Pb age analyses of zircon from five variably retrogressed eclogite samples from Fergusson and Goodenough Islands that document Late Miocene-Pliocene (8-2 Ma) eclogite formation on these islands. Textural relationships and zircon-garnet rare earth element partition coefficients indicate that U-Pb ages constrain zircon crystallization under eclogite facies conditions in all samples. Results suggest westward younging of eclogite facies metamorphism from Fergusson to Goodenough Island. Present-day exposure of Late Miocene-Pliocene eclogites requires exhumation rates > 2.5 cm yr )1 .
Controlled Cleavage of Fully-Condensed Silsesquioxane Frameworks: A Revolutionary New Method for Manufacturing Precursors to Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Materials

The reaction of readily available Cy8Si8O12 (3) with triflic acid (TfOH) can produce two different ditriflates derived from controlled cleavage of Si-O-Si linkages. These ditriflates can be subsequently hydrolyzed to four different incompletely condensed silsesquioxanes, which are attractive precursors to hybrid inorganic/organic materials.
The consequences of obesity on trauma, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care

The era of the acute care surgeon has arrived and this "new" specialty will be expected to provide trauma care, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care to a variety of patients arriving at their institution. With the exception of practicing bariatric surgeons, many general surgeons have limited experience caring for obese patients. Obese patients manifest unique physiology and pathophysiology, which can influence a surgeon's decision-making process. Following trauma, obese patients sustain different injuries than lean patients and have worse outcomes. Emergency surgery diseases may be difficult to diagnose in the obese patient and obesity is associated with increased complications in the postoperative patient. Caring for an obese patient in the surgical ICU presents a distinctive challenge and may require alterations in care. The following review should act as an overview of the pathophysiology of obesity and how obesity modifies the care of trauma, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care patients.
Synthesis of 5 S and transfer RNA during embryogenesis in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus☆

Abstract Synthesis of 5 S RNA and transfer RNA has been shown to begin at the onset of gastrulation in eggs of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus . 5 S RNA synthesis parallels that of ribosomal RNA, but transfer RNA synthesis is somewhat different. 5 S RNA accumulates in an identical fashion to ribosomal RNA, but transfer RNA synthesis is such that a 7-fold excess of transfer RNA molecules to ribosomal RNA molecules is reached by 144 hours of development. Finally the pteridine, isoxanthopterin, which is present in the developing eggs and which has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of ribosomal RNA was found to have an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of both 5 S and transfer RNA.
Protein kinase C epsilon is involved in ionizing radiation induced bystander response in human cells.

Abstract Our earlier study demonstrated the induction of PKC isoforms (βII, PKC-α/β, PKC-θ) by ionizing radiation induced bystander response in human cells. In this study, we extended our investigation to yet another important member of PKC family, PKC epsilon (PKCɛ). PKCɛ functions both as an anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic protein and it is the only PKC isozyme implicated in oncogenesis. Given the importance of PKCɛ in oncogenesis, we wished to determine whether or not PKCɛ is involved in bystander response. Gene expression array analysis demonstrated a 2–3-fold increase in PKCɛ expression in the bystander human primary fibroblast cells that were co-cultured in double-sided Mylar dishes for 3 h with human primary fibroblast cells irradiated with 5 Gy of α-particles. The elevated PKCɛ expression in bystander cells was verified by quantitative real time PCR. Suppression of PKCɛ expression by small molecule inhibitor Bisindolylmaleimide IX (Ro 31-8220) considerably reduced the frequency of micronuclei (MN) induced both by 5 Gy of γ-rays (low LET) and α-particles (high LET) in bystander cells. Similar cytoprotective effects were observed in bystander cells after siRNA mediated silencing of PKCɛ suggestive of its critical role in mediating some of the bystander effects (BE). Our novel study suggests the possibility that PKC signaling pathway may be a critical molecular target for suppression of ionizing radiation induced biological effects in bystander cells.
Prognostic factors in nonsustained ventricular tachycardia

Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 83 consecutive patients with spontaneous nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). VT was inducible in 52 patients (nonsustained VT only in 37 patients, nonsustained and sustained VT in 13 and sustained VT only in 2). During a follow-up of 3 to 111 months (mean 33), 10 patients died suddenly, 5 with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 5 with dilated cardiomyopathy. All patients with sudden death had an ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.40. Sudden death occurred in 4 of 15 patients with inducible sustained VT, 2 of 37 patients with only nonsustained VT and 4 of 31 patients without inducible VT. One patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and VT inducible only by isoproterenol died suddenly. Three of 5 patients with CAD who had sudden death had had inducible sustained VT, but 3 of 5 patients with cardiomyopathy who had sudden death had no inducible VT. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with inducible sustained VT or an ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.40 had a 3-fold increased risk of sudden death, and patients with both factors had a 7-fold increased risk of sudden death. This study demonstrates that patients with nonsustained VT with an ejection fraction greater than 0.40 have an uncomplicated course; however, noninducibility does not predict such a course, particularly in patients with cardiomyopathy. The most powerful predictor of risk for sudden cardiac death is a left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.40, but the presence of inducible sustained VT is an independent risk factor for sudden death.
Modeling and control of Transparent Conducting Oxide layer surface morphology for improved light trapping

This work first introduces a kinetic Monte–Carlo simulation model for a two species thin film deposition process and demonstrates the use of feedback control, coupled with a suitable actuator design, in manufacturing thin films whose surface morphology has a structure that improves light trapping. This work is relevant in the context of a Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) thin film layer manufacturing used in thin film solar cells where it is desirable to produce thin films with precisely tailored surface morphology. Specifically, a two species thin film deposition process involving atom adsorption, surface relaxation and surface migration is initially considered and is modeled using a large-lattice (lattice size ¼ 40,000) kinetic Monte–Carlo simulation. Subsequently, thin film surface morphology characteristics like roughness and slope are computed with respect to different characteristic length scales ranging from atomic to the ones corresponding to visible light wavelength and it is found that a patterned actuator design is needed to induce thin film surface roughness and slope at visible light wavelength spatial scales, that lead to desired thin film solar cell performance. Then, an Edwards–Wilkinson type equation is used to model the surface evolution at the visible light wavelength spatial scale and form the basis for the design of a predictive feedback controller whose objective is to manipulate the deposition rate across the spatial domain of the process. The model parameters of the Edwards–Wilkinson equation are estimated from kinetic Monte–Carlo simulations and their dependence on the deposition rate is used in the formulation of the predictive controller to predict the influence of the control action on the surface roughness and slope throughout the thin film growth process. Analytical solutions of the expected surface roughness and surface slope at the visible light wavelength spatial scale are obtained by solving the Edwards–Wilkinson equation and are used in the predictive controller formulation and in the control action calculation. The controller is applied to the large-lattice kinetic Monte–Carlo simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller and patterned actuator design successfully regulate aggregate surface roughness and slope to set-point values at the end of the deposition.
Darwin's Diagram of Divergence of Taxa as a Causal Model for the Origin of Species

AbstractOn the basis that Darwin's theory of evolution encompasses two logically independent processes (common descent and natural selection), the only figure in On the Origin of Species (the Diagram of Divergence of Taxa) is often interpreted as illustrative of only one of these processes: the branching patterns representing common ancestry. Here, I argue that Darwin's Diagram of Divergence of Taxa represents a broad conceptual model of Darwin's theory, illustrating the causal efficacy of natural selection in producing well-defined varieties and ultimately species. The Tree Diagram encompasses the idea that natural selection explains common descent and the origin of organic diversity, thus representing a comprehensive model of Darwin's theory on the origin of species. I describe Darwin's Tree Diagram in relation to his argumentative strategy under the vera causa principle, and suggest that the testing of his theory based on the evidence from the geological record, the geographical distribution of organis...
Influence of terminal nerve branch size on motor neuron regeneration accuracy

A necessary prerequisite for recovery of motor function following a peripheral nerve injury is the correct choice by regenerating motor neurons to reinnervate the original distal nerve branch to denervated muscle. The present studies use the mouse femoral nerve as a model system to examine factors that influence such motor neuron regeneration accuracy. We examined motor reinnervation accuracy over time in this model under two conditions: 1) when the two terminal nerve branches to either skin (cutaneous) or muscle (quadriceps) were roughly comparable in size, and 2) when the cutaneous branch was larger than the muscle branch. When the terminal nerve branches were similar in size, motor neurons initially projected equally into both branches, but over time favored the terminal muscle branch. When the cutaneous terminal nerve branch was enlarged (via transgenic technology), motor neuron projections significantly favored this inappropriate pathway during early time points of regeneration. These results suggest that regenerating motor neuron projections are not determined by inherent molecular differences between distal terminal nerve branches themselves. Rather, we propose a two-step process that shapes motor neuron reinnervation accuracy. Initial outgrowth choices made by motor axons at the transection site are proportional to the relative amount of target nerve associated with distal nerve axons that previously projected to each of the terminal nerve pathways. Secondly, the likelihood of an axon collateral from a motor neuron remaining in either terminal nerve branch is based upon the relative trophic support provided to the parent motor neuron by the competing terminal pathways and/or end-organs.
A longitudinal analysis of software maintenance patterns

Software maintenance is a process that extends over years and often decades. However, most empirical studies of software maintenance are cross-sectional in nature (Kemerer 1995). As a result, very little is known about how software systems evolve and what determines different maintenance trajectories. Without such knowledge, it is difficult for information systems (IS) managers to plan effectively for maintenance work and to assess the need for reengineering or replacement of systems.
Optical Properties and Associated Hygroscopicity of Clay Aerosols

Airborne mineral dust particles contribute a significant fraction to the total aerosol mass, thus they make a substantial contribution to the Earth's radiative budget by direct scattering and absorption of radiation. Quantifying their contribution is complicated by the variability of optical properties as a function of water uptake. To improve understanding, we directly measured the relative humidity (RH) dependence of extinction [fRHext(RH, Dry)] for three key silicate clay components (illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) of mineral dust aerosols through cavity ring-down spectroscopy at 532 nm. The three clays studied show significant differences in fRHext(RH, Dry) at three RH values, and reasons for this are explored. With 68% RH as an example, we used the fRHext(RH, Dry) and Mie theory to calculate a growth factor for comparison with other measurement techniques. Humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer and quartz crystal microbalance growth factors from the literature are larger than our op...
Fine-needle aspiration of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with varied cytologic and histologic patterns: a case report.

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid (ACT) is a rare subtype of thyroid neoplasm. This tumor represents approximately 5–10% of all thyroid malignancies and its poor prognosis has not changed in 25 years. ACT often arises in a long-standing thyroid nodule and has been documented to be associated with a variety of more well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We describe the cytologic features of a case in which the patient had a 10-yr history of a thyroid nodule. The ACT in this case had a cytologic and histologic appearance of several different subtypes of thyroid carcinomas. Diagn Cytopathol 1994;11:60–63. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Increased Sensitivity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Overexpressing Antral Follicles to Methoxychlor and Its Metabolites

Methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine pesticide, and its metabolites, mono-hydroxy MXC (MOH) and bis-hydroxy MXC (HPTE) are known ovarian toxicants and can cause inhibition of antral follicle growth. Since these chemicals bind to estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), we hypothesized that ovaries overexpressing ESR1 (ESR1 OE) would be more susceptible to toxicity induced by MXC and its metabolites because the chemicals can bind to more ESR1 in the antral follicles. We cultured antral follicles from controls and ESR1 OE mouse ovaries with either the vehicle dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), MXC, MOH, or HPTE. The data show that at 96 h, the cultured antral follicles from ESR1 OE antral follicles are more susceptible to toxicity induced by MXC, MOH, and HPTE because low doses of these chemicals cause follicle growth inhibition in ESR1 OE mice but not in control mice. On comparing gene expression levels of nuclear receptors in the cultured antral follicles of ESR1 OE and control follicles, we found differential messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Esr1, estrogen receptor beta (Esr2), androgen receptor (Ar), progesterone receptor (Pr), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) between the genotypes. We also analyzed mRNA levels of Cyp3a41a, the enzyme metabolizing MOH and HPTE, in the cultured follicles and found that Cyp3a41a was significantly lower in DMSO-treated ESR1 OE follicles compared with controls. In ESR1 OE livers, we found that Cyp3a41a levels were significantly lower compared with control livers. Collectively, these data suggest that MXC and its metabolites cause differential gene expression in ESR1 OE mice compared with controls. The results also suggest that the increased sensitivity of ESR1 OE mouse ovaries to toxicity induced by MXC and its metabolites is due to low clearance of the metabolites by the liver and ovary.
The Interaction of Technological Process and Perceived Organizational Climate in Norwegian Firms

This study tests the link between technological process and perceptions of organizational climate for a sample of professional, technical, and managerial employees in 18 Norwegian firms. The result...
A Balance of Capping Protein and Profilin Functions Is Required to Regulate Actin Polymerization in Drosophila Bristle

Profilin is a well-characterized protein known to be important for regulating actin filament assembly. Relatively few studies have addressed how profilin interacts with other actin-binding proteins in vivo to regulate assembly of complex actin structures. To investigate the function of profilin in the context of a differentiating cell, we have studied an instructive genetic interaction between mutations in profilin (chickadee) and capping protein (cpb). Capping protein is the principal protein in cells that caps actin filament barbed ends. When its function is reduced in the Drosophila bristle, F-actin levels increase and the actin cytoskeleton becomes disorganized, causing abnormal bristle morphology. chickadee mutations suppress the abnormal bristle phenotype and associated abnormalities of the actin cytoskeleton seen in cpb mutants. Furthermore, overexpression of profilin in the bristle mimics many features of the cpb loss-of-function phenotype. The interaction between cpb and chickadee suggests that profilin promotes actin assembly in the bristle and that a balance between capping protein and profilin activities is important for the proper regulation of F-actin levels. Furthermore, this balance of activities affects the association of actin structures with the membrane, suggesting a link between actin filament dynamics and localization of actin structures within the cell.
Irreducible diagrams in Landau-Ginzburg field theory

It is shown that the free energy W of a Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson field theory with O(n) symmetry may be written in terms of the generating function V of diagrams irreducible in both propagator and interaction lines. This generalizes and simplifies a recent result of Des Cloizeaux. The functions W and V are related by a type of Legendre transformation on the bare mass variable.
The nature and magnetic expression of isograds in the contact aureole of the Liberty Hill pluton, South Carolina: Summary

INTRODUCTION The granitic rocks of the southeastern Piedmont have been divided into several groups on the basis of age, composition, and field appearance (Butler and Ragland, 1969a; Fullagar, 1971; Wagener and Howell, 1973; Wright and others, 1975): The Liberty Hill is one of the postmetamorphic, coarse-grained granitoids of the southern Appalachian Piedmont, a group whose field relations, petrology, chemistry, and ages have been reviewed by Fullagar and Butler (1979) and Speer and others (1980). Previous geologic mapping indicated that the Liberty Hill pluton has a cordierite-bearing, thermal-metamorphic aureole (Bell and others, 1974) which is similar to the contact aureoles of several of the other plutons in the same group. This paper is a result of a study of the magmatic and postconsolidation evolution of these granites. Examination of the contact metamorphism offers a better opportunity for estimating intensive parameters of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and their variation following emplacement than does study of the granite alone. The results also provide constraints on the regional conditions during intrusion. In addition, the aureole of the Liberty Hill provides a clear picture of mineral chemistries and metamorphic reactions that occur in the contact metamorphism of low-grade slates dominated by a succession of continuous reactions.
Test results of superconducting AC magnets for magnetic refrigeration experiment

Magnetic refrigeration can be achieved by cycling the magnetic field while leaving the magnetic material and the magnet stationary to avoid the large electromagnetic force problem. Two superconducting magnets were used to test this approach. First we reconfigured a force-cooled cable-in-conduit magnet to operate with liquid rather than supercritical helium. Limited by the available power supply voltage, the fastest charging rate achieved was 10 s to 5 T. A second low loss magnet was acquired for operation to 7 T with a 6-s duty cycle. This is a bath-cooled magnet with potted sub-coils. The conductor is a 20-strand Rutherford-type cable with Ebanol insulation on each strand. This magnet quenched prematurely at 6.4 T. It was charge rate sensitive and the fastest charging rate achieved was 10 s to 5.8 T. >
A compact microfluidic continuous flow separator for particle and cell sorting

This paper presents the development of a microfluidic device capable of continuous particle and cell separation. Pillars are placed within the microchannel to alter the fluid flow pathway, allowing particles of a certain size to be diverted toward a specified route. Polystyrene beads, 45 mum and 90 mum in diameter, were used to characterize the device; 100 % of the larger particles and 94 % of the smaller particles went to their respective bins at a rate of 5 beads/sec. Experiments were also performed with mouse embryoid bodies (EBs), which could also be separated into two groups according to their size.
Determination of cardiovascular velocities by dopplercardiometry. 1. The normal tracing and effects of age.

Cardiac velocity measurements were made in normal subjects using a Doppler ultrasonic probe, the output of which was amplified and passed through a zero-crossing detector. A characteristic sequence of signals – the velocity dopplercardiogram or VDCG – was obtained. The velocity of some signals was diminished in older subjects.
Visual Observation of Bobcat Predation on an Adult Female Pronghorn in Northwestern South Dakota

ABSTRACT Published reports of survival and cause-specific mortality for pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) indicate that mortality differs regionally and seasonally with sex, age and density of pronghorn. Cold winters with deep crusted snow is a primary source of mortality on adult pronghorn, however, predation also can be an important source of adult mortality. We report a visual observation of bobcat (Felis rufus) predation on an adult female pronghorn in northwestern South Dakota.
Career Outcomes of Science and Engineering Graduates

In the last decade research on the undergraduate experiences of women and minorities in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) has expanded dramatically. Despite this expansion, little is known about post-baccalaureate career outcomes. Student support programs such as Women in Engineering and Women in Science and Engineering (WIE/WISE) and Minority Science and Engineering Program (MSEP), as well as student professional societies and Career Services provide assistance to undergraduates and may facilitate positive career outcomes. To fill the gap in knowledge about career outcomes of STEM graduates, the Center for Workforce Development at the University of Washington has conducted a series of surveys of graduating science and engineering majors (N=826). Results suggest that there are career outcome differences between Career Service users and nonusers, student professional society participants and non-participants, and WIE/WISE participants and non-participants. Career Service users, student society participants and WIE/WISE participants report a greater average number of interviews on-campus than non-participants from each group. WIE/WISE participants report higher levels of confidence in professional skills such as managing people and business ethics than non-WIE/WISE participants; Career Service users report greater confidence about working on a multi-disciplinary team and managing people; and student professional society participants report greater confidence in their technical (or other relevant major) skills. Students who participate in professional societies such as the Society of Women Engineers earn higher average starting salaries than those who do not participate in student professional societies. WIE/WISE participants report greater concerns that childcare, parental leave, and part-time work availability will affect their future educational and/or professional plans.
Evolution of Viruses

The study of virus evolution has historically been concerned with disease and its emergence and has not been integrated into the general study of evolution. Yet viruses dominate our planet and their evolution is a broad and applied field that can be studied in the real time (such HIV in human disease) and can also be applied to biotechnological problems. Virus evolution is very similar, but not identical, to host evolution. Darwinian principles apply, such as with Fisher population genetics, but other features, such as reticulated and quasispecies-based evolution, distinguish virus evolution. In RNA viruses, high error rates have led to the quasispecies concept in which collective populations are the basis of evolution. These populations provide viruses with high capacities for adaptation. Yet some RNA viruses show remarkable evolutionary stability. With DNA viruses, especially of bacteria, extensive recombination defines vast dynamic and ancient genetic pools. Temperate viruses can directly affect host gene pools by stable colonization. DNA viruses can be genetically complex and have evolved many unique viral genes. The retroviruses show both quasispecies-based rapid evolution and host-linked slow coevolution (e.g., endogenous retroviruses). Thus, virus evolution impacts all life and viral emergence continues to threaten human health.
An investigation of elementary preservice teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching mathematics

AbstractResearch has consistently shown that teacher efficacy is related to a variety of desirable student outcomes, thus, making teacher efficacy an important factor in high quality mathematics instruction. The purpose of this study was to determine elementary preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs related to teaching mathematics. Forty-one participants from a single university responded to the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) after completing a constructivist-based elementary mathematics methods course prior to student teaching. The MTEBI is 21-item survey using a 5-point, forced choice Likert-like scale to provide an individual's perceptions of mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs on two subscales—Personal Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Belief (PMTE) and Mathematics Teaching Outcome Expectancy (MTOE). Responses on the PMTE subscale (Mean = 51.08, SD=5.171) indicate that the respondents’ personal mathematics teach efficacy is positive. Participants’ responses (Mean = 29.32, S...
Decay of an internal tide due to random topography in the ocean

We present a theoretical and numerical study of the decay of an internal wave caused by scattering at undulating sea-floor topography, with an eye towards building a simple model in which the decay of internal tides in the ocean can be estimated. As is well known, the interactions of internal waves with irregular boundary shapes lead to a mathematically ill-posed problem, so care needs to be taken to extract meaningful information from this problem. Here, we restrict the problem to two spatial dimensions and build a numerical tool that combines a real-space computation based on the characteristics of the underlying partial differential equation with a spectral computation that satisfies the relevant radiation conditions. Our tool works for finite-amplitude topography but is restricted to subcritical topography slopes. Detailed results are presented for the decay of the gravest vertical internal wave mode as it encounters finite stretches of either sinusoidal topography or random topography defined as a Gaussian random process with a simple power spectrum. A number of scaling laws are identified and a simple expression for the decay rate in terms of the power spectrum is given. Finally, the resulting formulae are applied to an idealized model of sea-floor topography in the ocean, which seems to indicate that this scattering process can provide a rapid decay mechanism for internal tides. However, the present results are restricted to linear fluid dynamics in two spatial dimensions and to uniform stratification, which restricts their direct application to the real ocean.
Filling the Gap Between Calcium Sparks and Waves: Automatic Detection and Classification of Local Calcium Releases in Cardiac Pacemaker Cells

Local calcium releases (LCRs) observed in cardiac pacemaker cells have a complex spatiotemporal structure that has never been studied. We developed a computer algorithm for automatic detection and classification of LCRs in simulations of rabbit sinoatrial-node cells (using our recent 3D-model) to get new insights into pacemaker cell operation, specifically, the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pumping rate (Pup).Identified release events that share a common intensity level are categorized as a release cluster, i.e. a complex release with multiple intensity peaks. These complex LCRs tend to live longer and propagate farther via calcium-induced-calcium release, thus occupying larger areas. Release events that don’t share any intensity level with other events are calcium sparks that do not live for a long time and do not propagate. Collisions and splits of LCRs are handled as follows. When an LCR separates into different parts, all parts are still considered part of the LCR. On the other hand, when an LCR collides with another, the one with the weaker signal mass is considered dead and the one with the larger signal mass takes its signal mass as its own. An LCR may also die by stochastic attrition when all its components fade out.Under voltage clamp, LCR areas and signal masses were paradoxically smaller at larger Pup, likely reflecting uptake of cytosolic calcium before it can propagate. Under spontaneous beating conditions, however, higher Pup greatly increased diastolic LCR signal mass and beating rate as predicted by the coupled-clock theory. Interestingly, the total integral of all LCRs during diastolic depolarization in both cases remained almost the same as longer integration time with smaller events is comparable to shorter time with larger events.
Effect of Increased Tissue Traction Upon Tensile Strength of Cutaneous Incisions in Rats.

SummaryThe tensile strength of simple skin incisions and those healing under increased tension was measured after 14 days of healing. The incisions which healed under increased tissue tension attained a significantly greater tensile strength as measured with an Instron tensiometer. This effect was used to explain previously observed differences in the rate of gain of tensile strength of transverse and longitudinal incisions.
Establishing and Implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development of Double Super-normal Education:High-Quality and Fast-Speed

Considering the time issue of "where the Supernormal Education in China is going",this article briefly proposes a scientific outlook on development of Double Super-normal Education,which makes clear the idea of "People First" as the thoughts basis of Double Supernormal Education,conducting the overall control and regulation for a sustainable development as its essential requirement,and making all plans and taking all factors as the root of method.In the end,the article provides suggestions and guidance in ten aspects so as to establish and implement the idea of High-Quality and Fast-Speed Double Super-normal Education,thus leading the future direction of super-normal education in China.
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG-INDUCED GASTROPATHY

Numerous human studies have shown that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with various gastroduodenal mucosal lesions, collectively referred to as NSAID gastropathy. NSAIDs should not be prescribed unless there is a clear-cut indication for them. Acetaminophen should be used initially to treat most patients with osteoarthritis. If NSAID therapy is required, the lowest possible NSAID dose should be prescribed, and the patient should be advised to reduce any modifiable risk factors. In patients who take NSAIDs occasionally and are at low risk for NSAID gastropathy, no specific prophylactic measures seem justified. In high-risk NSAID users, risk reduction and prophylaxis with misoprostol would be appropriate. If an ulcer is documented during NSAID treatment, NSAID therapy should be discontinued if possible. However, NSAID therapy need not be discontinued if it is therapeutically justifiable and if appropriate antiulcer treatment is initiated.
Managing miscarriage. The need for more than medical mechanics.

PreviewA compassionate physician recognizes the emotional as well as the physical needs of a woman who miscarries. The physical trauma is often short-lived, but the emotional aftermath may be prolonged. Dr Wells reviews the differential diagnosis and management of miscarriage and discusses the valuable role that a physician may take in alleviating the patient's feelings of guilt, grief, and frustration.
A technique for the aspiration of oocytes from human ovarian follicles

A variety of techniques have been described for the harvest of oocytes from human ovarian follicles. Most of these have used needles with an inside diameter in the range of 1.0 to 1.4mm. Because of the physical characteristics of the preovulatory cumulus mass, it was considered possible that a needle with a somewhat larger inside diameter would be useful. This has proven to be the case. With such a needle, in 18 natural cycles it was possible for these investigators to obtain an oocyte in 17 patients; and in 23 patients with cycles controlled by human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin, it proved possible to obtain at least 1 oocyte from 22 patients.
Quantification of naloxone binding sites in brains from suckled beef cows during postpartum anestrus and resumption of estrous cycles.

Thirty beef cows, approximately 3 yr of age, were randomly assigned to be slaughtered on d 7, 14, 28, 42 or 56 postpartum. Each cow suckled one calf until slaughter. Data from cows slaughtered on d 42 and 56 were pooled and further classified as anestrous or cyclic based on the presence of a corpus luteum and elevated serum concentrations of progesterone at slaughter. Specific binding of [3H]naloxone (3H-NAL) to homogenates of tissue from hypothalamus (HYP), preoptic area (POA) and basal forebrain (BF) was assessed using multiple-point Scatchard analyses. Nonspecific binding was estimated in the presence of 10(-6) M naloxone. Separation of bound from free 3H-NAL was achieved by centrifugation at 20,000 X g. Concentration (fmol/mg original tissue wet wt) of 3H-NAL binding sites in POA tissue was higher (P less than .05) on d 28 postpartum in anestrous cows than in cyclic cows on d 42 + 56 postpartum (2.58 +/- .32 vs 1.58 +/- .10). When all anestrous cows were compared with cyclic cows, concentrations of 3H-NAL binding sites in POA tissues and in BF tissue were higher (P less than .05) in anestrous cows (anestrous POA, 2.12 +/- .17, cyclic POA, 1.58 +/- .10; anestrous BF, 2.94 +/- .41, cyclic BF, 2.19 +/- .16). Compared across brain regions for all cows, the concentration of specific binding sites for 3H-NAL was greater (P less than .01) in BF (2.5 +/- .2) than in POA (1.9 +/- .1) and greater (P less than .01) in POA than in HYP (1.5 +/- .1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Kidneys and Urinary Tract

With the epidemic of obesity widely acknowledged in the USA and developed countries worldwide, physicians can expect to see sharp rises in the prevalence of obesity-related renal disease and its complications. The effects of obesity on the kidneys are now better, although not fully understood. Obesity impacts the prevalence of renal cancer and renal calculi and influences the technical aspects associated with their treatment. It also impacts the functions of the urinary bladder with higher rates of urinary incontinence and its associated social embarrassment. The prostate is also affected by being obese. General surgeons should be aware of the effects obesity has on the urinary tract and associated organs and adopt appropriate strategies when treating these patients. With the continued progression of laparoscopic surgery and the increasing use of robotic surgery for urinary tract procedures, a working knowledge of obesity and its consequences is essential to safely treat such patients. This chapter details the main effects obesity has on the kidney and urinary tract including the prostate and offers technical tips to the general surgeon for everyday practice.
A physical model including velocity overshoot for drain current of sub-0.15 /spl mu/m MOSFET's

An analytical model is developed to describe the drain-current characteristics of small-geometry (i.e. sub-0.15 /spl mu/m) bulk MOSFET's including both non-local transport and 3D channel charge control. The model is used to investigate effects of velocity overshoot and subthreshold degradation on the performance and scaling of bulk Si MOSFET's. >
Syntrichia norvegica shoots exhibit a complex inducible response to desiccation: separating the effects of rate of drying and water content

Plants in the moss genus Syntrichia are considered to have constitutive desiccation tolerance (DT), as in, able to tolerate a rapid drying event without incurring significant damage upon rehydration. However, few researchers have considered the separate effects of rate of drying and water content, and incorporated fully dehardened (to DT) plants in the experiments. Plants of Syntrichia norvegica F.Weber were cultured under conditions of suprasaturation, and adult shoots were exposed to a range of drying rates and equilibrating relative humidities (RHs), rehydrated, and assessed for chlorophyll fluorescence and regeneration potential. Adult shoots exhibited severe damage across all drying rates when equilibrated at RHs <30%. However, an inducible response to desiccation was present across all water contents as the rate of drying was extended from 0 to 4 d. The least desiccation damage occurred at longer drying times and higher water contents (8 d at 75% RH). A constitutive phenotype for DT was not strictly...
Greenland bed elevation resolution improvement via compressive sensing and co-prime up-sampling

We propose an approach based on co-prime up-sampling and compressive sensing to increase the resolution of sparse sampled images. Although a lot of research has been studied on compressive sensing (CS), none of it is on bed map resolution improvement. The bed elevation and basal conditions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are important to numerical modeling of these ice sheets, but it's difficult to collect data over these large ice sheets with airborne radars to generate a high resolution bed map. Furthermore, processing with a large number of data sets would be a major problem. Based on the existing interpolation approaches, a simple nearest neighbor estimation method is introduced in this work. In addition, we improve the gradient projection for sparse reconstruction (GPSR) algorithm with co-prime up-sampling and test it on the Greenland bed elevation raw data set. The simulation results show that the new approach not only reduces the estimation error in reconstruction process, but also improves the resolution dramatically in comparison with compressive sensing algorithm.
Educational Leadership and a Comprehensive Reform for Improving Underrepresented Urban Students’ College Access

Disparities in college access for underrepresented urban students are one of the most urgent educational problems of America’s education system. In response to growing national concern, this longitudinal study investigated how school leaders worked collaboratively with key stakeholders to implement research-supported student services in order to improve college access for underrepresented urban students. The quantitative investigation showed that when educational leaders and key stakeholders worked collaboratively to deliver comprehensive student services, urban students in a high-poverty school district experienced measurable benefits in terms of their college enrolment. This study may be of particular value to policymakers, school leaders, and educators concerned with the low college access rates of students in urban schools, as well as to those who are seeking to understand what works better to prepare urban students for post-secondary education.
Assessment of the functional diffusion map (fDM) as an imaging biomarker for early stratification of glioma clinical response

1518 Background: Current assessment of glioma treatment response relies on changes in the product of the maximal perpendicular tumor diameters at 2 months following treatment. Due to the fact that ...
MoS2 edges and heterophase interfaces: energy, structure and phase engineering

The transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit polymorphism; i.e. both 2H and 1T' crystal structures, each with unique electronic properties. These two phases can coexist within the same monolayer microstructure, producing 2H/1T' interfaces. Here we report a systematic investigation of the energetics of the experimentally most important MoS2 heterophase interfaces and edges. The stable interface and edge structures change with chemical potential (these edges/interfaces are usually non-stoichiometric). Stable edges tend to be those of highest atomic density and the stable interfaces correspond to those with local atomic structure very similar to the 2H crystal. The interfacial energies are lower than those of the edges, and the 1T' edges have lower energy than the 2H edges. Because the 1T' edges have much lower energy than the 2H edges, a sufficiently narrow 1T' ribbon will be more stable than the corresponding 2H ribbon (this critical width is much larger in MoTe2 than in MoS2). Similarly, a large 2H flake have an equilibrium strip of 1T' along its edge (again this effect is much larger in MoTe2 than in MoS2). Application of tensile strains can increase the width of the stable 1T' strip or the critical thickness below which a ribbon favors the 1T' structure. These effects provide a means to phase engineer transition metal dichalcogenide microstructures.
Introduction: A Literary Venture, Sidestepped

The Works Progress Administration’s Federal Writers’ Project (FWP) set out to influence the course of American literature. Federal writers, many of whom would become famous in the postwar era, collected oral histories, folklore, and ethnographies that served as raw material for their own writing. Yet studies of the FWP have been almost exclusively undertaken not by literary scholars but by cultural historians who have perceived its unique place in Depression-era history. This introductory chapter chronicles the FWP’s mission to influence the course of American literature and then cites three reasons why the Project has long eluded literary criticism: its influence on later writing is diffuse and difficult to identify; its documentary form is often associated solely with 1930s’ social realism; and its role as a bureaucratic arm of the New Deal has precluded it from being recognized as an agent in the creative process.
Potential United States Water-Supply Development

With no storage, the supply of surface water available in conterminous United States would be only 8% of the average annual runoff, whereas if one-half of the existing storage capacity were used to augment low flow, 23% of the average annual runoff would be available throughout all but 2% of the years. If all the existing storage capacity were so used, 34% of the average annual runoff would be available, and with unlimited storage capacity 86% would be available. The other 14% would be evaporated from the 3.5 billion acre-ft of storage that would be required to regulate the flow. For water worth $0.05 per 1,000 gal, development of 80% of the average annual runoff of conterminous United States would be economically justified. In 10 of the 17 water resources regions of conterminous United States, development of surface water resources is less than one-half of the potential development.
Facebook and Twitter vaccine sentiment in response to measles outbreaks

Social media posts regarding measles vaccination were classified as pro-vaccination, expressing vaccine hesitancy, uncertain, or irrelevant. Spearman correlations with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-reported measles cases and differenced smoothed cumulative case counts over this period were reported (using time series bootstrap confidence intervals). A total of 58,078 Facebook posts and 82,993 tweets were identified from 4 January 2009 to 27 August 2016. Pro-vaccination posts were correlated with the US weekly reported cases (Facebook: Spearman correlation 0.22 (95% confidence interval: 0.09 to 0.34), Twitter: 0.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.06 to 0.34)). Vaccine-hesitant posts, however, were uncorrelated with measles cases in the United States (Facebook: 0.01 (95% confidence interval: -0.13 to 0.14), Twitter: 0.0011 (95% confidence interval: -0.12 to 0.12)). These findings may result from more consistent social media engagement by individuals expressing vaccine hesitancy, contrasted with media- or event-driven episodic interest on the part of individuals favoring current policy.
Combining Active Learning and Semi-Supervised Learning by Using Selective Label Spreading

In the literature, a number of methods have been proposed for semi-supervised learning. Recently, graph-based methods of semi-supervised learning have become popular because of their capability of handling large amounts of unlabeled data. However, the existing graph based semi-supervised learning algorithms do not optimize the process of selecting better labeled data. We have developed a new selective semi-supervised learning algorithm, called selective label spreading (SLS) by integrating the active learning model into the label spreading framework. SLS optimizes the process of selecting better labeled data in order to improve classification performance. We applied SLS to the well-known hand-written digits recognition data set and demonstrated that SLS can improve the classification performance. The selective label spreading scheme requires a much smaller number of queries to achieve high accuracy compared with random query selection.