cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shades of truth and lies: Interpreting testimonies of war and violence

How should researchers treat questions of veracity when conducting interviews in settings rent by large-scale violence, such as war and genocide? To what extent should researchers trust narratives that are generated in politically sensitive contexts? The article argues that the value of narrative data does not lie solely in their truthfulness or accuracy; it also lies in the meta-data that accompany these testimonies. Meta-data are informants’ spoken and unspoken thoughts and feelings which they do not always articulate in their stories or interview responses, but which emerge in other ways. This article identifies and analyzes five types of meta-data: rumors, inventions, denials, evasions, and silences. The article argues that meta-data are not extraneous to our datasets, they are data and should be viewed as integral to the processes of data collection and analysis. Meta-data indicate how conditions in the present shape what people are willing to say about violence in the past, what they have reason to embellish or minimize, and what they prefer to keep to themselves. Attending to meta-data is important for responding to informants’ fears about talking to a researcher and to ensure informants’ safety after the researcher leaves the field. It is also crucial for the robustness of researchers’ theories and knowledge about political violence and other political phenomena. The article draws from the author’s nine months of fieldwork in Rwanda in 2004, as well as the literature on conflict and violence from political science, anthropology, history, and sociology.
A new state-of-the-art standards facility

A new facility is being constructed for the Primary Standards Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Features of the final design were developed over a number of years of study and design effort. Based on experience and evaluation of anticipated needs, a philosophy was established for the design and maintained throughout the effort. Temperature control of +or-0.01 degrees C is required for some of the dimensional measuring spaces; isolation from vibration and electromagnetic interference (EMI) are required for all measurement spaces. The requirements for the facility and the principal design features are presented. >
Financing Costs and NPV Analysis in Finance and Real Estate

Executive Summary. Business students majoring in real estate encounter seemingly contradictory treatment of financing costs in net present value (NPV) analysis between the finance and real estate d...
Blocks, text, and the space between: The role of representations in novice programming environments

The pilot study gave us the opportunity to test out a number of components of the study design, including our attitudinal and content assessments and our curricular materials, interview protocols, and data collection strategies. While the pilot study yielded numerous useful insights, the choice of environment (Snap!) and the lack of a full text-based condition limited our ability to answer our stated research questions. In the next iteration of the study we will be using a customized version of Pencil Code (Fig. 1), which will give us isomorphic blocks, text, and hybrid interfaces. Our expectation is that the second iteration of the study will provide that data necessary to answer the questions at the heart of this dissertation; namely the relationship between programming modality and understanding in introductory high school programing classrooms, and insight into the design of introductory programming tools that can provide guidance on the creation of the next generation of computer science learning environments. In doing so, we hope to contribute to the development of tools and curricula that will prepare today's students for the computational futures that await them.
Conference Report: IAG/NZGS Conference 2014, 30 June – 2 July, Melbourne, Australia

Three post-graduate students report on the 2014 joint Australia and New Zealand Geographical Conference.
The Politics of Infertility: Recognizing Coverage Exclusions as Discrimination

Infertility affects approximately ten percent of the reproductive-age population in the United States, and strikes people of every race, ethnicity and socio-economic level. It is recognized by the medical community as a disease, one with devastating physical, psychological, and financial effects.In 1998, the Supreme Court held in Bragdon v. Abbott that reproduction is a major life activity within the meaning of the ADA. Many lawyers, activists and scholars thought that coverage for infertility treatment would follow soon after. In fact, in 2003 in the first major case applying Bragdon to health benefits, Saks v. Franklin Covey, the Second Circuit held that an employer's health plan could exclude coverage for infertility procedures performed on women only without violating Title VII or the ADA. This Article critically examines the decision in Saks, highlighting the increasingly inequitable patterns of protection for workers and their families with regard to coverage of treatment for infertility. Part I provides a brief overview of the disease of infertility, medical treatments of infertility, and the cost of such treatments. Part II provides an overview of the important but limited protections under federal and state law against discrimination in benefits focusing on Title VII, the ADA and ERISA. Against this backdrop, Part III closely examines the decisions of the trial and appellate courts in Saks, and the rejection of plaintiff's challenges to the exclusion of certain infertility treatments under the ADA, Title VII, PDA and state law. Part IV provides a roadmap of alternative legal and factual analyses for Title VII and ADA claims that could be successfully pursued by future plaintiffs. Finally, Part V critically examines the policy arguments commonly raised in opposition to coverage, including reproduction as a "lifestyle choice" and the fear of increased health care costs, and concludes that public policy strongly supports comprehensive coverage of infertility.
The Saccharomyces Genome Database: Exploring Genome Features and Their Annotations

Genomic-scale assays result in data that provide information over the entire genome. Such base pair resolution data cannot be summarized easily except via a graphical viewer. A genome browser is a tool that displays genomic data and experimental results as horizontal tracks. Genome browsers allow searches for a chromosomal coordinate or a feature, such as a gene name, but they do not allow searches by function or upstream binding site. Entry into a genome browser requires that you identify the gene name or chromosomal coordinates for a region of interest. A track provides a representation for genomic results and is displayed as a row of data shown as line segments to indicate regions of the chromosome with a feature. Another type of track presents a graph or wiggle plot that indicates the processed signal intensity computed for a particular experiment or set of experiments. Wiggle plots are typical for genomic assays such as the various next-generation sequencing methods (e.g., chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP]-seq or RNA-seq), where it represents a peak of DNA binding, histone modification, or the mapping of an RNA sequence. Here we explore the browser that has been built into the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD).
Housing Characteristics over Time: Identifying Patterns for Low-Income Families

ABSTRACTThis study assessed how household size, housing quality, housing cost burden, years at residence, receipt of housing assistance, and neighborhood disorder shifted together over a 6-year span in a sample of low-income families from three cities (N = 2,228). Most housing characteristics were stable over time, but housing problems and neighborhood disorder increased. Models comparing results for Hispanic and African American families identified greater receipt of housing assistance and lower housing cost burden among Hispanics. Results are discussed in terms of future research to support low-income families’ housing profiles.
THE RELEASE MECHANISM AND LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR OF EQUISETUM SPERM

A B S T R A C T When antheridia of gametophytes of Equisetum hyemale L. are placed in water, only spermatid cells are released. These spermatid cells have from 6-12 fibrils radiating from 2-4 loci on the cell wall. One sperm is released from each spermatid cell. With high speed cinemicrography, it can be shown that sperm flagella beat three dimensionally with a continuous, traveling helical wave. A flagellar beat cycle is completed every 0.03 sec. In water the sperm swim rapidly at a rate of 300,u per sec and traverse a helical path of long wavelength and shallow amplitude. Calcium is essential for normal locomotor behavior. When calcium is chelated by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), the sperm spin in place. All other monovalent and divalent ionic solutions tested cause the sperm to swim abnormally. Monovalent ionic solutions prevent the drastic change in sperm mobility patterns resulting from chelation by EDTA.
Problems in Validating Control Feel in Simulators

This paper reports on how structural deformation of control linkages significantly affects control loading system validation in simulators. The paper presents • C-130 simulator test data, including control deformation, • Lessons learned on testing, • Insight into the actual control feel in a reversible system, and • Shows how the mechanical deflection of systems in the aircraft and the mechanical system deflection of the controls in the simulator are both much more considerable factors in control feel than previously understood. The flexing of even very stiff simulator controls needs to be carefully measured in static force verses deflection data. In addition, the flexing of actual aircraft controls, which generally flex more than simulator controls, is a very significant factor that must be considered in control loading criteria data. The results in this study document the necessity of knowing the mechanical characteristics (stiffness) in both the simulator and aircraft control systems, even in those components normally considered “stiff” and therefore often neglected in the past.
Spatial Filtering Properties of Large-Mode-Area Fibers with Confined Gain Dopants

Simulations and experiments will be used to reveal the spatial filtering properties of large-mode-area gain-tailored fibers, where the overlap of the gain with the various modes provides preferential modal discrimination even at high saturation levels.
Are computer information technology majors different than computer science majors in personality, learning style, or academic performance?

An increasing number of Computer Science (CS) departments include a Computer Information Technology (CIT) major into their programs to satisfy the increasing needs in the computing industry. Personality and learning styles have shown to have an effect on students' learning. We measured the personality and learning styles among CS and CIT students and analyzed their learning activities with Moodle logs at one regional comprehensive university. The results showed that CIT students have a slightly different personality compared to CS students but did not specify differences in learning styles and online activities. Both CS and CIT students' learning styles, and personalities correlated significantly with their performance, regardless of major. This study provides further understanding of CIT students, promotes an awareness of personalized class design, and contributes to the computer science education by enriching the literature and offering recommendations for pedagogy and research.
Hope in the Face of Temporal Devastation

This article evaluates Jonathan Lear's account of radical hope in light of the phenomenon of social acceleration. According to Lear's philosophical exegesis of the life of the Crow Nation's last chief, Plenty Coups, radical hope is hope based on the conviction that the world's goodness transcends but includes the goodness of human culture. Such hope enables a culture to persevere in the face of its own collapse through political humility, by which a culture draws on the resources of other cultures in order to revive itself. Social acceleration—which results in the warping of our sense of time as tensed between past, present, and future—demands a more primordial form of radical hope, based on the affirmation of the world's own temporalities as simultaneously resisting and sustaining our own cultural temporalities. This in turn involves a more self-critical form of political humility.
Towards Faceted Browsing over Linked Data.

As the pace of Linked data generation and usage increases, so does the interest in intelligent, usable, and scalable browsing tools. Faceted browsing has potential to provide a foundation for effective dataset navigation. In this paper, we will discuss some of the anticipated benefits along with some associated challenges in building the next-generation faceted browsing system for the Web of Linked Data. We also present our initial system design and implementation.
Electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric nanowires from atomistic simulations

Electrocaloric effect is presently under active investigation owing to both the recent discoveries of giant electrocaloric effects and its potential for solid state cooling applications. We use first-principles-based direct simulations to predict the electrocaloric temperature change in ferroelectric ultrathin nanowires. Our findings suggest that in nanowires with axial polarization direction the maximum electrocaloric response is reduced when compared to bulk, while the room temperature electrocaloric properties can be enhanced by tuning the ferroelectric transition temperature. The potential of ferroelectric nanowires for electrocaloric cooling applications is discussed.
The Effectiveness of Unfolding Case Studies on ADN Nursing Students' Level of Knowledge and Critical Thinking Skills

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of unfolding case studies on associate degree in nursing students' level of knowledge and critical thinking skills. A quasi-experimental, pretest, posttest comparison design was used to determine if a difference existed between the experimental and control groups. Both groups performed worse on the posttest than on the pretest. Therefore, additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of unfolding case studies as a best practice in nursing education.
Three Dimensional NURBS Modeling and Fabrication of Rotorcraft Design

Before an aircraft is put into production, it must undergo a variety of tests inside a wind tunnel. Rather than performing these tests on a full-scale plane, scaled models are often utilized. Scaled models allow an aircraft to be tested in smaller facilities, can be built quickly, and can save money, as long as the physics being studied scale correctly. Another use for aircraft models is to demonstrate how a model aircraft is built and tested in a wind tunnel, showing aircraft interior and how the exterior mechanics operate. This paper will show the steps involved in building a model aircraft and what these models can be used for. The model aircraft talked about in this paper include the Large Civil Tilt Rotor (LCTR2) and XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft. Models are either computer modeled from blueprints or provided by our mentor, Eduardo Solis. The models are constructed using the program Rhino, prototyped in a MakerBot 3D printer, and finally 3D printed using the Dimension Elite printer and a laser cutter. Four engineering interns worked on this project. As Project Leader, I distributed the workload for the three major projects - the LCTR2 model, the XV-15 RotCFD model, and the 1/6-scale model of the 7- by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel.
A Review of the Medicinal Uses and Pharmacology of Ashitaba

Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, or ashitaba, is a popular botanical medicine in Japan containing diverse bioactive components including prenylated chalcones, linear and angular coumarins, and flavanones. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of ashitaba metabolites and their biological activities to prioritize future studies. Ashitaba is purported to possess cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial properties. Although many in vitro studies have been conducted on ashitabaʼs chemical constituents, the in vivo efficacy and clinical relevance of this plant has yet to be confirmed for most of these activities. Here we describe the chemical composition of ashitaba and present the pharmacological effects of this botanical as supported by the current literature. The experimental results demonstrate promise for the medical use of ashitaba, but considerable work needs to be done to understand the mechanisms of action of its metabolites. Additionally, in vivo and clinical trials as well as additional studies on less abundant bioactive compounds are warranted.
It's time for terahertz

The quest is on to make terahertz sources that are small, portable and capable of operating at room temperature. Such a breakthrough could lead to advances in everything from cancer screening to astronomy, reports Keith Cooper.
Effects of Electric Current on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Artificial Aged 6061 Alloy

The influences of electric current on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy were investigated by electric conductivity measurement, tensile test, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. When applying electric current both at solid solution and ageing treatment, the alloy has the highest peak strength, and the time to peak strength shortens by 12h. The electric current applying during either solid solution or ageing, increases the density and size of β'' phase.
(Ta,Nb)C composites formed with graphene nanoplatelets by spark plasma sintering

Abstract TaC-NbC with the addition of sintering additive (5 vol.% B 4 C or 5 vol.% Si) and 3 vol.% Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) are consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). GNP are aligned in a uniformly oriented direction perpendicular to the processing axis of the SPS equipment during consolidation. High load instrumented indentation is performed and the projected area of residual damage is compared to estimate relative fracture toughness. The projected residual damaged area after indentation in the surface direction (out-of-plane GNP orientation) was 89% greater in the TaC-NbC-5B 4 C-3GNP sample, and 96% greater in the TaC-NbC-5Si-3GNP sample when compared to indentation in the orthogonal (in-plane GNP orientation) direction. The toughening mechanisms prevalent in the orthogonal indentation direction (crack bridging and crack deflection) result in greater energy dissipation than the prevalent mechanisms in the surface indentation orientation (sheet sliding, crack bridging, and crack arrest).
Vibration control of a cylindrical shell with concurrent active piezoelectric patches and passive cardboard liner

Abstract This article extends a recent publication [MSSP (2016), 176−196] by developing a Rayleigh-Ritz model of a thin cylindrical shell to predict its response subject to concurrent active and passive damping treatments. These take the form of piezoelectric patches and a distributed cardboard liner, since the effects of such combined treatments are yet to be investigated. Furthermore, prior literature typically considers only the “bimorph” active patch configuration (with patches on the inner and outer shell surfaces), which is not feasible with an interior passive liner treatment. Therefore, a novel configuration—termed as “unimorph”—is proposed and included in the model. Experiments are performed on a shell with active patches (under harmonic excitation from 200 to 2000 Hz) in both the bimorph and unimorph configurations to provide evidence for the analytical model predictions. The proposed model is then employed to assess competing control system designs by examining local vs. global control schemes as well as considering several alternate active patch locations, both with and without the passive damping. Non-dimensional performance metrics are devised to facilitate comparisons of vibration attenuation among different designs. Finally, insertion loss values are measured under single-frequency excitation to evaluate several vibration control designs, and to compare the effects of alternate damping treatments.
The enduring patency of primary inferior vena cava repair.

Background Inferior vena cava repair after planned and unplanned venotomy is performed by either interposition bypass, patch venopasty, or lateral venorrhaphy and primary repair. Primary repair of the inferior vena cava avoids the use of foreign material and allows an all-autologous repair in an expeditious fashion. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of inferior vena cava repair, determine the degree of inferior vena cava stenosis, and examine clinical outcomes after primary repair. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective review of patients who underwent primary inferior vena cava repairs between January 2002 and January 2014 at a tertiary care center. Primary repair followed lateral venorrhaphy for tumor extraction or for repair of an iatrogenic inferior vena cava injury. Patient demographics, cross-sectional vena cava dimensions, and patient outcomes were tabulated. Results In total, 47 (30 men and 17 women) patients underwent primary inferior vena cava repair (median age 58 years, range 31–83 years). Twenty-six patients (15 men and 11 women) underwent en bloc radical nephrectomy, inferior vena cava tumor thrombus extraction, and primary lateral venorrhaphy (median age 61 years, range 39–83 years). The majority, 92% of these patients, had renal cell carcinoma on final pathology, with a median follow-up period of 39 months (range 1–108 months). Twenty-one patients (15 men and 6 women) underwent primary repair for iatrogenic inferior vena cava injury (median age 54 years, range 31–82 years). The median follow-up period was 18.5 months (3–110 months). Clinic follow-up with postoperative imaging was obtained in 76.9% of those undergoing tumor thrombus extraction ( n = 20) and 76.2% of those undergoing repair of an iatrogenic injury ( n = 16). Overall, there was a 13% infrarenal inferior vena cava diameter loss, 17% inferior vena cava diameter loss at the level of the renal veins, and 10% suprarenal inferior vena cava diameter loss when comparing postoperative with preoperative imaging. All patients remained asymptomatic; therefore, inferior vena cava narrowing associated with primary repair was clinically insignificant. Conclusion Primary inferior vena cava repair is associated with less than 20% inferior vena cava diameter loss and does not compromise venous outflow from the extremities. Primary inferior vena cava repair is a safe and expeditious technique that provides excellent clinical outcomes and long-term patency.
Cinematic Operation of the Cerebral Cortex Interpreted via Critical Transitions in Self-Organized Dynamic Systems.

Measurements of local field potentials over the cortical surface and the scalp of animals and human subjects reveal intermittent bursts of beta and gamma oscillations. During the bursts, narrow-band metastable amplitude modulation (AM) patters emerge for a fraction of a second and ultimately dissolve to the broad-band random background activity. The burst process depends on previously learnt conditioned stimuli (CS), thus different AM patterns may emerge in response to different CS. This observation leads to our cinematic theory of cognition when perception happens in discrete steps manifested in the sequence of AM patterns. Our paper summarizes findings in the past decades on experimental evidence of cinematic theory of cognition and relevant mathematical models. We treat cortices as dissipative systems that self-organize themselves near a critical level of activity that is a non-equilibrium metastable state. Criticality is arguably a key aspect of brains in their rapid adaptation, reconfiguration, high storage capacity, and sensitive response to external stimuli. Self-organized criticality (SOC) became an important concept to describe neural systems. We argue that transitions from one AM pattern to the other require the concept of phase transitions, extending beyond the dynamics described by SOC. We employ random graph theory and percolation dynamics as fundamental mathematical approaches to model fluctuations in the cortical tissue. Our results indicate that perceptions are formed through a phase transition from a disorganized (high entropy) to a well-organized (low entropy) state, which explains the swiftness of the emergence of the perceptual experience in response to learned stimuli.
Stuart Henderson Takes Helm of Department of Energy's Jefferson Lab in Newport News, Virginia

On 3 April 2017, well-known particle accelerator scientist Stuart Henderson took the helm of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia...
Changes in the Hinge Teeth of Arcaceans From Devonian to Recent

The arcaceans first appeared during the middle Devonian Givetian Stage. Major diversification of this superfamily began in the Jurassic and has continued throughout the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. The hinge teeth have decreased in size and increased in number from Devonian to Recent.
Institutional Change, Founding Team Homogeneity, and Gender Disparity in Entrepreneurship

Prior research on gender inequality in organizations has mainly studied the role of established organizations in generating different career outcomes for men and women. Recent studies, however, hav...
The quiver is full: metonymy and affiliation in 19 Kids and Counting’s depiction of pregnancy loss in advanced maternal age

This investigation into the cultural dynamics of gendered, aging bodies attends to a mediated representation of what contemporary biomedicine defines as pregnancy in “advanced maternal age” (AMA). ...
Women and the Cuban Insurrection: How Gender Shaped Castro's Victory

Using gender analysis and focusing on previously unexamined testimonies of women rebels, political scientist Lorraine Bayard de Volo shatters the prevailing masculine narrative of the Cuban Revolution. Contrary to the Cuban War story's mythology of an insurrection single-handedly won by bearded guerrillas, Bayard de Volo shows that revolutions are not won and lost only by bullets and battlefield heroics. Focusing on women's multiple forms of participation in the insurrection, especially those that occurred off the battlefield, such as smuggling messages, hiding weapons, and distributing propaganda, Bayard de Volo explores how gender - both masculinity and femininity - were deployed as tactics in the important though largely unexamined battle for the 'hearts and minds' of the Cuban people. Drawing on extensive, rarely-examined archives including interviews and oral histories, this author offers an entirely new interpretation of one of the Cold War's most significant events.
Respiratory Complications of the Gastrointestinal System

Symptoms which are relatable to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract are commonly encountered in infancy and childhood. Due to the relative anatomic proximity and shared innervation of the airway and esophagus, disease or inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to pathophysiologic changes in the airway and lungs. The manifestation of symptoms and clinical findings such as cough, wheezing, dyspnea, or hypoxemia may occur in primary gastrointestinal disease and may create diagnostic uncertainty for the care provider. An awareness of this potential for overlapping symptoms and for their physiologic basis is advocated.
Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion CMR: Is the Game Worth the Candle?

![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] First-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging has evolved into an established technique over the past 2 decades, and appropriate clinical indications in ischemic heart disease have been identified [(1)][2]. Qualitative analysis
The Librarian BFF: A Case Study of a Cohort-Based Personal Librarian Program

This case study presents the development and implementation of a personal librarian program for a cohort-based, executive-style higher education administration doctoral program. Librarians and the ...
LADL: Light-activated dynamic looping for endogenous gene expression control

Mammalian genomes are folded into tens of thousands of long-range looping interactions. The cause and effect relationship between looping and genome function is poorly understood, and the extent to which chromatin loops are dynamic on short time scales remains a fundamental unanswered question. Currently available strategies for loop engineering involve synthetic transcription factors tethered to dCas9 or zinc fingers, which are constitutively expressed or induced on long time scales by the presence of a small molecule. Here we report a new class of 3-D optoepigenetic tools for the directed rearrangement of 3-D chromatin looping on short time scales using blue light. We create synthetic architectural proteins by fusing the CIBN protein subunit from Arabidopsis thaliana with enzymatically dead Cas9 (dCas9). We target our light-activated dynamic looping system (LADL) to two genomic anchors with CRISPR guide RNAs and engineer their spatial co-localization via light-induced heterodimerization of the cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) protein with dCas9-CIBN. We apply LADL to redirect a stretch enhancer (SE) away from its endogenous Klf4 target gene and to the Zfp462 promoter. Looping changes occur as early as four hours after light induction. Using single molecule RNA FISH, we observe a LADL-induced increase in the total nascent Zfp462 transcripts and the number of Zfp462 alleles expressing simultaneously per cell. Moreover, LADL also increased synchronous Sox2 expression after reinforcement of a known Sox2-SE looping interaction. LADL facilitates loop synchronization across a large population of cells without exogenous chemical cofactors and can enable future efforts to engineer reversible and oscillatory looping on short time scales.
Allowing users to weight search terms

Information retrieval systems typically weight the importance of search terms according to document and collection statistics (such as by using tf x idf scores, where less common terms are given higher weight). We consider here the scenario where a user can express her own subjective weighting of the importance of the terms that form the query on top of the system-generated weighting, and show how this should modify the relevance scores of documents. This has been allowed before, but only by ad hoc heuristics. We give the first principled method for taking into account the user's subjective weighting of the importance of query terms. Our method is based on an approach by Fagin and Wimmers, that gives a simple formula derived from any existing "unweighted" ranking function. A naive application of the formula would require issuing as many distinct queries as there are terms in the query (search terms), thus damaging the response time of the retrieval. We explain here how to "smoothly" integrate the formula in most information retrieval systems so as not to affect the retrieval performance in terms of response time.
Build it and They Will Come . . . The Birmingham Early Learning Center: Creating a Vision for the Future of Alabama’s Children

In the popular baseball movie, Field of Dreams, the character played by Kevin Costner hears a voice urging, “Build it and they will come . . . ” Although the purpose behind the message was unclear, he knew he should begin by building a baseball field on his Iowa farm. A similar situation occurred in Birmingham, Alabama in 1994, except that the cast of characters was different, and instead of a baseball field, the vision was a community-university partnership to build a world-class child care center.
Correlates of Brain Injuries in Women Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence: Identifying the Dangers and Raising Awareness

Awareness of the highly detrimental and long-term sequelae of brain injuries, and in particular repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs/concussions), has been rapidly growing. Specifically,...
Conducting the “Business of Teaching”: Expectations of Non-instructional Tasks of Beginning STEM Teachers

AbstractMuch debate centers on the most necessary elements of teacher preparation programs, with many focusing on practice of core instructional tasks (Forzani 2014; Kennedy 2016), which may be dil...
Exploration of Power Density Based Scaling Laws for Naval Shipboard Compatible Modular Multilevel Converters

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is considered as a potential candidate in MVDC systems for All-Electric Ships (AES). Despite the fact that MMC is superior in certain capabilities, it is vital to evaluate the tradeoffs of determining parameters and structural configuration utilizing design tools. This paper focuses on developing a design tool which aids in estimating the size of the MMC converter for shipboard MVDC systems. Through the application of an appropriate design methodology converter design tool is implemented, tested and verified. The outcome of the work produces scaling laws which are anticipated to aid Smart Ship Systems Design (S3D) for early-stage design of AES.
Orthogonal deposition of Au on different facets of Ag cuboctahedra for the fabrication of nanoboxes with complementary surfaces

We report the fabrication of Ag–Au cuboctahedral nanoboxes enclosed by {100} and {111} facets, respectively, through the orthogonal deposition of Au on two different facets of Ag cuboctahedra. Specifically, we titrate aqueous HAuCl4 into an aqueous mixture containing Ag cuboctahedra, ascorbic acid, and NaOH (under basic conditions), in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), respectively. In the case of PVP, the oxidation of Ag was initiated from the {111} facets of the cuboctahedra through the galvanic replacement reaction between Au(III) and Ag, accompanied by the deposition of Au onto the {100} facets. Because the dissolved Ag(I) ions could react with NaOH to form Ag2O on the {111} facets and thus terminate the galvanic reaction, the Au(III) ions would be further reduced by the ascorbate monoanion (HAsc−) to generate Au atoms for their continuing deposition on the {100} facets, converting Ag cuboctahedra to Ag@Au{100} cuboctahedra. Upon the etching of Ag from the core, we obtained Ag–Au cuboctahedral nanoboxes enclosed by {100} facets. In contrast, when CTAC was present, the oxidation of Ag through a galvanic reaction could continuously proceed on {100} facets as the dissolved Ag(I) ions would react with the excessive amount of Cl− ions derived from CTAC to produce soluble AgCl2− ions rather than insoluble Ag2O. As a result, the dissolved Ag(I) and Au(III) ions would be co-reduced by HAsc− for the generation of Ag and Au atoms, followed by their co-deposition onto {111} facets for the generation of Ag@Au{111} concave cuboctahedra. After the removal of Ag from the core by etching, we obtained Ag–Au{111} cuboctahedral nanoboxes enclosed by {111} facets. Both samples of cuboctahedral nanoboxes exhibited strong optical absorption in the infrared region. Interestingly, the cuboctahedral nanoboxes enclosed by {111} facets showed significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH4 relative to their counterparts encased by {100} facets.
Untold Stories: Using Common Core State Standards to Give Voice to Japanese Americans

This article explores the idea of facilitating the use of Common Core State Standards, more specifically, the Comprehensive Instructional Sequence Model (CIS), in the social studies classroom for the purposes of providing students exposure to marginalized topics or those topics that are frequently overlooked in the dominant classroom discourse. Included in the article is a brief exploration of how the author reflects upon teaching marginalized topics in the social studies and suggestions for implementing the CIS Model, as well as a user-friendly handout to facilitate this model. The provided lesson includes a snapshot of the experiences and daily events of Japanese Americans immediately following the Attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II.
Caregiving relationships as evolutionary and developmental bases of obligation

Obligation as defined by Tomasello requires mutually capable parties, but one-sided caregiver relationships reveal its developmental and evolutionary precursors. Specifically, "coercive" emotions may prompt protective action by caregivers toward infant primates, and infants show distress toward caregivers when they appear to violate expectations in their relationships. We argue that these early social-relational expectations and emotions may form the base of obligation.
The correlation analysis of influenza-like illness surveillance and influenza pathogen surveillance results in Beijing during 2012-2013 influenza season

Objective To analyze the correlation between the influenza-like illness surveillance results and the influenza pathogen surveillance results in Beijing during 2012-2013 influenza season (From September 2012 to April 2013),the application and effectiveness of influenza-like illness surveillance work of level one above and level two above medical institutions in Beijing were analyzed.Methods Influenzalike illness surveillance data at 421 level one above medical institutions and 144 level two above medical institutions in Beijing were analyzed.And on weekly basis,correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted in comparison to influenza pathogen surveillance data developed at 14 medical institutions in Beijing.Results Influenza-like illness percentage (ILI％) at level one above and level two above medical institution wass in positive relation to influenza virus pathogen surveillance virus isolation positive rate (level one r =0.794,P ＜0.001 ; level two r =0.787,P ＜0.001) ; level one above and level two above medical institutions ILI％ and influenza virus isolation positive rate regression determination coefficient were 0.630(P＜0.001) and 0.620 (P＜0.001),respectively.Conclusions According to the benefit analysis,144level two above medical institutions carrying out influenza-like illness surveillance can meet the need of illness monitoring.It possesses better benefit-cost ratio than expanding to 421 level one above medical institutions. Key words: Influenza-like illness surveillance; Influenza pathogen surveillance; Correlation analysis ; Regression analysis
Expanded toolbox for directing the biosynthesis of macrocyclic peptides in bacterial cells

The macrocyclization of recombinant polypeptides by means of genetically encodable non-canonical amino acids has recently provided an attractive strategy for the screening and discovery of macrocyclic peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Here, we report the development of an expanded suite of electrophilic unnatural amino acids (eUAAs) useful for directing the biosynthesis of genetically encoded thioether-bridged macrocyclic peptides in bacterial cells (E. coli). These reagents are shown to provide efficient access to a broad range of macrocyclic peptide scaffolds spanning from 2 to 20 amino acid residues, with the different eUAAs offering complementary reactivity profiles toward mediating short- vs. long-range macrocyclizations. Swapping of the eUAA cyclization module in a cyclopeptide inhibitor of streptavidin and Keap1 led to compounds with markedly distinct binding affinity toward the respective target proteins, highlighting the effectiveness of this strategy toward tuning the structural and functional properties of bioactive macrocyclic peptides. The peptide cyclization strategies reported here expand opportunities for the combinatorial biosynthesis of natural product-like peptide macrocycles in bacterial cells or in combination with display platforms toward the discovery of selective agents capable of targeting proteins and protein-mediated interactions.
Soybean oil controls two-spotted spider mites on burning bush.

Abstract Summer sprays of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) oil were evaluated for efficacy against two spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (TSSM) on burning bush (Euonymus alatus Thunb.). Single sprays of 1, 2, or 3% soybean oil or 1% SunSpray reduced TSSM populations by 97–99% compared to water-sprayed controls. Single sprays of 2 or 3% soybean oil were not phytotoxic but suppressed photosynthesis for a short time. In a second experiment, a single spray of 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5% soybean oil reduced the TSSM population by > 95%, compared to the water control. A second spraying of 0.25–1.5% soybean oil resulted in ≥ 93% control of TSSM compared to the water control. A third spray provided little additional TSSM control. Predaceous mites were not initially disrupted by a single spray of soybean oil or SunSpray Ultra-fine spray oil. A single spray of ≤ 1.5% soybean did not significantly reduce photosynthesis. Soybean oil had efficacy against TSSM similar to that of SunSpray and had similar effects ...
Electrohydrodynamic encapsulation of eugenol-cyclodextrin complexes in pullulan nanofibers

Abstract In this report, the inclusion complexes of eugenol-gamma cyclodextrin (γCD) were incorporated in pullulan nanofibers using electrospinning technique. As a control sample, the pristine eugenol contained pullulan nanofibers were electrospun, as well. The nanofibrous webs were prepared with the initial eugenol content of 12% (w/w) and pullulan/eugenol-γCD nanofibers could preserve ~93% of this volatile essential oil compound due to inclusion complexation. On the other hand, only ~23% of eugenol was preserved in case of pullulan/eugenol nanofibers. The inclusion complexation also provided an enhanced thermal stability for eugenol and its volatilization shifted from ~50-190 °C to ~125–300 °C in case of pullulan/eugenol-γCD nanofibers. The antioxidant performance of eugenol was not affected by the inclusion complexation and the nanofibers of pullulan/eugenol-γCD and pullulan/eugenol indicated ~100% and ~58% radical scavenging activity for the same nanofiber concentration (250 μm/mL). Moreover, pullulan/eugenol-γCD nanofibers maintained the antioxidant activity even after 3-months storage at room temperature (~98%) and heat-treatment performed at 175 °C for 1 h (~93%). The time dependent release test indicated that pullulan/eugenol-γCD nanofibers has a release profile in a relatively controlled manner compared to pullulan/eugenol nanofibers under the same experimental conditions. Here, the functional nanofibrous web encapsulated an essential oil compound was developed using the edible pullulan and non-toxic and natural cyclodextrin molecules. Therefore, pullulan/eugenol-γCD nanofibers can be quite a promising encapsulation and carrying matrix for the essential oils which are widely used in both food and pharmaceutical areas.
Rethinking Open- and Cross-Market Manipulation Enforcement

The modern stock market bears little resemblance to its form when the statutes designed to regulate it were first enacted. In the twenty-first century, the market is almost entirely digital—replete with interconnected instruments and exchanges—spanning multiple jurisdictions and products. As recently as 1969, trades could take over a week to clear; now in the era of high-frequency trading, they are effectively instantaneous. With the influx of more exchanges and instruments that trade on those exchanges, transacting at dizzying speed and magnitude, new and more difficult-to-identify forms of market distortion have emerged. Chief among those forms of distortion is open-market manipulation. Open-market manipulation—in which a trader uses facially legitimate trading methods in order to camouflage non-bona fide trades (including manipulations across markets and even in the cryptocurrency sphere)— has frustrated regulators and, in particular, prosecutors. Prosecutors and courts have struggled to fit open-market manipulation into an anachronistic statutory regime and particularly labored to prove the requisite criminal intent to manipulate in schemes comprised of facially valid trades. This failure of the law to match the conduct is exacerbated by the use of complex high-frequency trading algorithms. Since manipulative intent may often be embodied in the design of the trading algorithm itself, it presents a literal and figurative black box in certain cases. These difficulties are especially acute in the context of cross-market manipulation, in which the manipulation is based on the interplay of two different markets. In terms of its negative effects, potential magnitude, and increasing frequency, open-market manipulation, particularly cross-market manipulation, should be considered among the most volatile and dangerous forms of white-collar crime and a priority for the Department of Justice and regulators alike. This Article first identifies where the critical issues in modern manipulation prosecution lie and the split among federal circuits regarding whether open-market manipulation is even a violation of the securities laws at all. This Article then proposes solutions to these issues in the form of principles upon which regulators and judges should rely, as well as a statutory proposal to bring the regulatory landscape up to speed in an increasingly fast, complex, and volatile digital trading world. In that vein, this Article is the first to do several things. It is the first to provide an in-depth analysis of the distinct challenges involved in prosecuting open-market manipulation. It is also the first to demonstrate the particular pronounced difficulties necessarily involved in detecting, regulating, and prosecuting cross-market manipulation. Finally, it is the first to propose a tangible statutory solution to the urgent issues involved in deterring and prosecuting these forms of manipulation.
Non-replication of functional connectivity differences in autism spectrum disorder across multiple sites and denoising strategies

Abstract A rapidly growing number of studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have used resting-state fMRI to identify alterations of functional connectivity, with the hope of identifying clinical biomarkers or underlying neural mechanisms. However, results have been largely inconsistent across studies, and there is therefore a pressing need to determine the primary factors influencing replicability. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange to investigate two potential factors: denoising strategy and data site (which differ in terms of sample, data acquisition, etc.). We examined the similarity of both group-average functional connectomes and group-level differences (ASD vs. control) across 33 denoising pipelines and four independently-acquired datasets. The group-average connectomes were highly consistent across pipelines (r = 0.92±0.06) and sites (r = 0.88±0.02). However, the group differences, while still consistent within site across pipelines (r = 0.76±0.12), were highly inconsistent across sites regardless of choice of denoising strategies (r = 0.07±0.04), suggesting lack of replication may be strongly influenced by site and/or cohort differences. Across-site similarity remained low even when considering the data at a large-scale network level or when considering only the most significant edges. We further show through an extensive literature survey that the parameters chosen in the current study (i.e., sample size, age range, preprocessing methods) are quite representative of the published literature. These results highlight the importance of examining replicability in future studies of ASD, and, more generally, call for extra caution when interpreting alterations in functional connectivity across groups of individuals.
The Teachers are Not Alright: A Call for Research and Policy on Teacher Stress and Well-Being

Since 2015, several high-profile surveys have painted a grim portrait of teacher stress and job satisfaction. Although some educators have attributed those trends to educational accountability and ...