cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron precipitation equatorward of the auroral oval and the mantle aurora in the midday sector

Abstract In the midday sector, the hard electron precipitation and the associated patchy aurora at geomagnetic latitude ∼65° are the only auroral features (≲ 20 keV) located equatorward of the dayside auroral oval during intense and moderately disturbed geomagnetic conditions. We identify the patchy luminosity in the midday and late morning sectors as the active mantle aurora. The mantle aurora was found by Sanford (1964) using the IGY-IGC auroral patrol spectrographs and which was thought to be non-visual. The precipitating electrons reside mostly at energies greater than several keV with an energy flux of ≳ 0.1 erg cm −2 s −1 sr −1 during geomagnetic active periods. This hard precipitation occurs in a region which is asymmetric in L.T. with respect to the noon meridian. The region extends from the morning sector to only early afternoon (13–14 M.L.T.) along the geomagnetic latitude circle of about 65–70°. The model calculation indicates that the mantle aurora is produced by the precipitation of the energetic electrons which drift azimuthally from the plasma sheet at the midnight sector to the dayside magnetopause during magnetospheric substorms.
Effect of high dose inhaled corticosteroids on cell mediated immunity in patients with asthma

Abstract Background Cell mediated immunity is suppressed by systemic corticosteroids. Inhaled corticosteroids have been shown to affect parameters including bone metabolism, hypothalamus–pituitary adrenal axis, linear growth, and lead to the development of cataracts. However, it is unclear if high dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy affects cell mediated immunity. Study objectives To evaluate if asthma patients taking high dose inhaled corticosteroids chronically have reduced cell mediated immunity compared to asthma patients not taking inhaled corticosteroids. Methods Eighteen asthmatic subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. Cell mediated immunity was evaluated in nine patients who had been taking high dose inhaled corticosteroids for >6 months and nine patients not taking inhaled corticosteroids. Cell mediated immunity was evaluated by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing with intradermal placement of candida and tetanus antigens. Results There was no significant difference in DTH skin test results between the high dose inhaled corticosteroid and no corticosteroid treated asthma group. Conclusion Patients with asthma taking high dose inhaled corticosteroids chronically (>6 months) did not have significantly greater impaired cell mediated immunity than patients not taking inhaled corticosteroids in this study.
Wetting transitions of hydrogen and deuterium on the surface of alkali metals

Although wetting transitions have been observed for helium and hydrogen on alkali metal surfaces, no finite temperature, quantum simulation studies of these systems have been able to conclusively locate a wetting transition. This paper presents such calculations for the systems ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ on Rb and Cs, using semiempirical hydrogen-hydrogen interactions and ab initio gas-surface interactions. Comparison with experiment implies that the adsorption potential is $\ensuremath{\sim}10%$ more attractive than is predicted by current theory. Simulations of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ adsorbing on a 15 \AA{} thick film of Rb on Au predict that this system will show a decrease in the wetting temperature of about 1 K compared with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ on pure Rb. The simulations reveal that a commonly used ``simple model'' is surprisingly accurate.
Detection of hemorrhages for diagnosis of malarial retinopathy

Malarial retinopathy is an eye disease caused due to malaria and retinal changes like vessels discoloration, retinal whitening and hemorrhages happen in this disease. Hemorrhages are red lesions, which are the result of blood leakage and are signs of severe malaria. In this paper color feature based automatic hemorrhage detection method is proposed which comprise of preprocessing, illumination equalization, candidate hemorrhages detection, post processing, feature extraction and classification. The evaluation of proposed system is done on locally gathered retinal images of patients suffering from malarial retinopathy with manually labeled hemorrhages. Results show the significance of proposed system.
INFLUENCE OF SPIN-DEPENDENT LEVEL DENSITIES AND GAMMA-RAY COMPETITION IN THE DECAY OF HIGHLY EXCITED NUCLEI.

Excitation functions for the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, pxn)$ reactions ($x=1 \mathrm{to} 4$) have been calculated with the statistical theory of nuclear reactions, using optical-model transmission coefficients for neutrons, protons, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles and a level density of the form $\ensuremath{\rho}(E, J)\ensuremath{\propto}(2J+1)\ensuremath{\rho}(E\ensuremath{-}{E}_{\mathrm{rot}})$, where ${E}_{\mathrm{rot}}=\frac{J(J+1){\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}}{2{\mathcal{I}}_{\mathrm{rig}}R}$. Here ${\mathcal{I}}_{\mathrm{rig}}$ is the rigid-body moment of inertia, and the dimensionless parameter $R$ was taken in different calculations as 1 or $\ensuremath{\infty}$. Where a rigid body moment of inertia was used, two assumptions were made concerning $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray de-excitation: It was assumed that (a) there was no $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray competition if the excitation energy exceeded the minimum nucleon binding energy, or (b) there was no $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray competition if the excitation exceeded the binding energy plus rotational energy for each spin. Of the three sets of calculations, the latter set gave the best over-all agreement with experimental ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \mathrm{pn}$) and ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, p2n$) excitation functions. Calculations were also performed for the ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{48}({\mathrm{C}}^{12}, pxn)$ excitation functions (where ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{48}$+${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ forms the same compound nucleus as ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56}$+$\ensuremath{\alpha}$), where $x=1 \mathrm{to} 4$, with $R=1.0$, and assumption (b) concerning $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray-nucleon emission competition. It is concluded that excitation-function measurements to test the influence of angular momentum on the independence hypothesis should show observable differences in shape and energy dependence, but that a good knowledge of $E$ and $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dX}}$ for the heavy ion is required if one is to be confident of the interpretation of the results. The influence of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray competition based on assumption (b) is considered as a function of mass number of the compound nucleus; the qualitative differences expected for actual excitation functions with respect to the predictions of the Weisskopf-Ewing evaporation model with no $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray competition should decrease with an increase in mass number. Specifically, excitation functions from lower-mass compound nuclei should be broader, should be displaced to higher energies, and should have more pronounced high-energy tails than those from heavier-mass systems.
A TEST FOR CAVITATION AS A MECHANISM FOR INTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE IN MICE EXPOSED TO A PIEZOELECTRIC LITHOTRIPTER

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that intestinal hemorrhage produced by exposure to lithotripter fields depends upon the presence of gas in the intestine. The extent of hemorrhage in the gas-containing intestines of pregnant mice was compared to the amount of hemorrhage in the bubble-free intestines of their fetuses. On day 18 of gestation, the abdominal regions of pregnant C3H mice ( n = 6) were exposed to 200 pulses from a piezoelectric lithotripter. Acoustic pulses had a peak pressure amplitude of 10 MPa and were administered at a rate of ∼ 1 Hz. All maternal intestines showed hemorrhagic regions extending several centimeters in length. In contrast, only 1 of 43 exposed fetuses showed an intestinal hemorrhage and this one lesion was less than 1 mm in diameter. These results support the hypothesis of the study and are consistent with a cavitation-related mechanism for the production of intestinal hemorrhage by exposure to acoustic fields.
Loss of cement-bone interlock in retrieved tibial components from total knee arthroplasties.

Background Aseptic loosening continues to be a short- and long-term complication for patients with cemented TKAs. Most studies to this point have evaluated tibial component fixation via radiographic changes at the implant-bone interface and quantification of component migration; direct assessment of morphologic features of the interface from functioning TKAs may provide new information regarding how TKAs function and are fixed to bone.
Reviewing the impact of incentive regulation on U.S. telephone service quality

Abstract This article reviews recent evidence regarding the effects of incentive regulation on retail service quality in the U.S. telecommunications industry. The evidence reveals neither a systematic increase nor a systematic decrease in service quality under incentive regulation. Service quality has increased significantly on some dimensions (e.g., fewer initial trouble reports), but has declined significantly on other dimensions (e.g., fewer installation commitments met).
Adoptive Transfer of Experimental Autoimmune Dacryoadenitis in Susceptible and Resistant Mice

Abstract Strains of mice with diverse genetic backgrounds were compared for their ability to develop experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis (EAD) after immunization with a purified lacrimal gland antigen (LG-Ag) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Susceptibility to the induction of EAD was linked to the murine H-2 histocompatibility background. SJL/J mice with the H-2 s haplotype were the most susceptible to EAD, developing extensive cellular infiltration of the lacrimal gland, but those with the H-2 d halplotype (BALB/c mice) or H-2 q haplotype (DBA/J mice) were resistant to EAD, having little or no infiltration of the lacrimal gland. There was no correlation between the development of EAD and either the antibody response or the in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response to LG-Ag. The differences in the induction of EAD observed between susceptible and resistant strains resided in the different capacity of their lymphocytes to transfer disease. Splenocytes from susceptible SJL/J mice sensitized with LG-Ag in CFA could be activated in vitro with LG-Ag to transfer disease to normal syngeneic recipients. The capacity for adoptive transfer was abrogated by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody plus complement, an indication that T cells are responsible for the transfer of EAD. However, EAD cannot be transferred with the donor cells from resistant mice even after they have been cultured in vitro with LG-Ag. These results suggest that T cells play a major role in the induction of EAD and that variations in susceptibility are under the control of distinct genetically inherited mechanisms that may include active suppression.
Mesoscale convection in the clouds of Venus

A theory explaining the high aspect ratios for cloud level convection in the Venusian atmosphere is presented. The apparent flatness of large-scale convection cells in the Venusian clouds is accounted for by anisotropic eddy diffusion and radiative transfer effects. Horizontal eddy diffusivities must be at least ten-fold greater than vertical diffusivities. Anisotropy ratios greater than or approximately equal to 1,000 are sufficient to explain the flattening in cases where the vertical eddy diffusivity is greater than or approximately equal to 100,000 sq cm/s and the effects of radiative transfer are negligible. For vertical diffusivity greater than or approximately equal to 100,000 sq cm/s, radiative transfer contributes to the flattening. Radiative transfer alone can not account for the apparent aspect ratios, as this would require vertical heat diffusivities large enough to give a nonphysically high value of convective heat transport.
Spliceosome mutations involving SRSF2, SF3B1, and U2AF35 in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Prevalence, clinical correlates, and prognostic relevance

SRSF2, SF3B1, and U2AF35 (U2AF1) are the three most frequent genes involved with spliceosome mutations in myeloid malignancies. SF3B1 mutations are most frequent (~80%) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with ring sideroblasts (RS) but lack prognostic relevance. SRSF2 mutations are associated with shortened overall (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in both MDS and myelofibrosis. In this study of 226 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), mutational frequencies were 40% for SRSF2 (all affecting P95), 6% for SF3B1 (primarily K700E) and 9% for U2AF35 (mostly S34F and Q157P/R). These mutations were mutually exclusive and 54% of the patients displayed at least one mutation. The three mutation groups were phenotypically similar, with the exception of higher RS% (P < 0.0001) in patients with SF3B1 mutations. At a median follow-up of 15 months, 176 (78%) deaths and 32 (14%) leukemic transformations were documented. OS (median survivals of 17, 16, 17, and 20 months; P = 0.48) and LFS (leukemic transformation rates of 17, 13, 15, and 5%; P = 0.63) were similar among patients with none of the three mutations, SRSF2, SF3B1, or U2AF35 mutations, respectively. We conclude that SRSF2 is the most frequently mutated spliceosome gene in CMML but neither it nor SF3B1 or U2AF35 mutations are prognostically relevant.
STILL ‘PHILIPPIZING’ AFTER ALL THESE YEARS: a review of publications in honour of the quatercentenary of Philip II’s death, 1598–1998

(2000). STILL ‘PHILIPPIZING’ AFTER ALL THESE YEARS: a review of publications in honour of the quatercentenary of Philip II’s death, 1598–1998. The Court Historian: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 29-38.
Alkali-neutralization process maintains the firmness and sensory quality of canned sweetpotato pieces

Jewel cultivar SP stored 1, 5, and 10 months after harvest were peeled, cut into pieces, treated, and canned in 15 and 30 deg Brix syrups. Samples were evaluated for degree of disintegration (wholeness), firmness (shear force), chemical composition, and sensory acceptance. Untreated samples (controls) disintegrated as storage time prior to processing increased, while treated samples remained intact; firmness and sensory texture scores declined with increasing storage time. Treated samples were significantly firmer than controls throughout the study, and, although shear force declined over time, sensory panelists did not detect any texture change. Overall sensory acceptance at 10 months was greatest for phosphate-treated samples in 30 deg Brix syrup. Thus, the alkali-neutralization process retains firmness, wholeness, and sensory quality of SP canned after long-term storage. This process will permit commercial processing of SP roots stored for up to 10 months.
Evaluation of institutionalized varieties of English and its implications for placement and pedagogy

: Traditionally, ESL programs in the United States have not distinguished between students coming from countries where English has been institutionalized, such as Nigeria, and those from countries where it has not been, such as Japan. However, the legitimacy of these institutionalized or nativized varieties has become more and more accepted. In spite of this acceptance, scant attention has been focused on how ESL programs might adapt to the growing consensus. This paper outlines an application of theoretical understandings of nativized varieties to the very practical concerns of ESL programs; namely, testing, placement and pedagogy. First, through analysis of placement essays written by Nigerian and Sri Lankan students at an American university, we demonstrate that the non-recognition of the legitimacy of nativized varieties can have the very real effect of lowering a student's placement. We then suggest a two-tiered evaluation which discriminates between those students competent in English but significantly unfamiliar with the American variety and those whose competence in English is deficient. Finally, we advance a pedagogical approach and techniques which we believe appropriate for speakers who are competent in a non-native variety, but are unfamiliar with the American idiom and culture.
Accounting Earnings and Effort Allocation

The impact of accounting earnings based compensation contracts an effort allocation is analyzed using an agency‐theoretic model. In this model, the CEO of a publicly traded firm expends effort on operational short‐run activities and strategic long‐run activities. The shareholders desire the CEO to expend more effort in the strategic long‐run activities because the return to shareholders depends more on long‐run than short‐run activities. More specifically, they desire the effort to be allocated between these two activities on the proportion of the sensitivity of stock returns to these two activities. Compensating the CEO based on the stock returns performance measure is shown to induce the CEO to exert the desired proportion of effort in the long‐run activities. Unlike stock returns, accounting earnings are believed to focus more on the short‐run performance of the firm and not reflect the full impact of a CEO's long‐run effort. Compensating the CEO based on accounting earnings, in addition to stock returns, is shown to induce the CEO to expend less than the desired proportion of effort in long‐run activities. As the emphasis placed on accounting earnings relative to stock returns increases, the CEO decreases the proportion of effort expended in long‐run activities. On the positive side, including accounting earnings in the contract increases the total effort that the CEO exerts in short‐run and long‐run activities. The benefit accruing from the increase in total effort more than offsets the dysfunctionality caused by the short‐run focus. More specifically, adding accounting earnings to the incentive contract is shown to increase the expected return to the shareholders. In summary, while accounting earnings cause the CEO to be short‐run focused, their use in the incentive contract improves the firm's performance by motivating the CEO to work harder overall.
WE-A-M100J-02: Phantom Testing

The ACR CT Accreditation program has existed since 2002. The CT Accreditation process includes the initial application, and the submission of clinical and phantom images and forms. The medial physicist plays a critical role in the accreditation process, along with the lead technologist and the supervising radiologist. A team approach is necessary to ensure that all information is accurate and appropriate for the examinations (both clinical and phantom) submitted for accreditation. The medical physicist should assist the facility in assessing the condition of the scanner as well as optimizing the clinical protocols. This lecture will provide a brief overview of the application steps, and some of the most common problems encountered during accreditation. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the basics of the ACR CT Accreditation process. 2. Understand the relationship of the medical physicist in this process. 3. Understand some of the most common pitfalls in the accreditation process.
A VACUUM‐FORMABLE MATTRESS FOR VETERINARY RADIOTHERAPY POSITIONING: COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS

This prospective study was undertaken to compare the positioning repeatability and setup time of a rigid immobilization device (Vac-Lok mattress) to conventional positioning methods (sandbags, tape, foam wedges) in the clinical veterinary radiotherapy setting. Positioning repeatability was determined by using port films to verify appropriate patient positioning. Setup time was determined by recording the time required to set up each patient using each positioning method. Sixty-seven patients receiving radiotherapy were positioned using both the Vac-Lok mattresses and conventional positioning methods during their treatments. Seventy-eight total sites were treated. Forty-eight were treated daily (Monday through Friday, 2 to 4 weeks) and 30 were treated once weekly (4 weeks). Patients were grouped according to the site treated: head (29), neck/body (24), and limb (25). Vac-Lok mattresses were similar to conventional means in positioning repeatability and setup time. Vac-Lok mattresses are potentially advantageous in specific situations, including use during pre-radiotherapy tumor imaging. These mattresses are not recommended for distal limb positioning.
E-Therapy: Ethical Considerations of a Changing Healthcare Communication Environment

This paper outlines the current ethical guidelines for electronic therapy services, and the sufficiency and implications of these guidelines in a culturally diverse population as found in the United States. The paper limits the discussion of ethical deliberations to: what is considered adequate competency to practice mental health therapy electronically; the disclosure and identity verification requirements; confidentiality issues when different social norms exist; the social responsibility of public institutions or individuals; and issues that relate to miscommunication due to different cultural or educational backgrounds. It concludes that since E-Therapy helps to reach underserved populations and significantly reduces costs associated with mental health services, compliance with ethical guidelines must be enforced to benefit from the latest communication technologies. This paper is relevant for various professions related to psychology and psychotherapy, including pastors and pastoral counselors, because various forms of E-therapy are emerging in the 21st century and can serve as resources for “E-pastoral counseling.”
Light and Electron Microscopy Study of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in the Mouse Brain

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is highly abundant in the brain. Various biochemical analyses have indicated that GSK3β is localized to different intracellular compartments within brain cells. However, ultrastructural visualization of this kinase in various brain regions and in different brain cell types has not been reported. The goal of the present study was to examine GSK3β distribution and subcellular localization in the brain using immunohistochemistry combined with light and electron microscopy. Initial examination by light microscopy revealed that GSK3β is expressed in brain neurons and their dendrites throughout all the rostrocaudal extent of the adult mouse brain, and abundant GSK3β staining was found in the cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and some brainstem nuclei. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed highly specific subcellular localization of GSK3β in neurons and astrocytes. At the subcellular level, GSK3β was present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and mitochondria of neurons and astrocytes. In addition GSK3β was also present in dendrites and dendritic spines, with some postsynaptic densities clearly labeled for GSK3β. Phosphorylation at serine-9 of GSK3β (pSer9GSK3β) reduces kinase activity. pSer9GSK3β labeling was present in all brain regions, but the pattern of staining was clearly different, with an abundance of labeling in microglia cells in all regions analyzed and much less neuronal staining in the subcortical regions. At the subcellular level pSer9GSK3β labeling was located in the endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and in some of the nuclei. Overall, in normal brains constitutively active GSK3β is predominantly present in neurons while pSer9GSK3β is more evident in resting microglia cells. This visual assessment of GSK3β localization within the subcellular structures of various brain cells may help in understanding the diverse role of GSK3β signaling in the brain.
Supraorbital photoplethysmography. Simple, accurate screening for carotid occlusive disease.

Abstract A technique of supraorbital photoplethys-mography has been developed for rapid noninvasive assessment of significant obstruction of the extracranial internal carotid artery. Photopulse pickups over each supraorbital and frontal artery permit recording of pulsation and the effect of compression of all major branches of the external carotid artery and each common carotid artery. Studies were performed on each carotid artery of 76 consecutive patients under-going contrast arteriography for suspected cerebrovascular disease. Supraorbital PPG correctly identified all 20 occluded internal carotid arteries, all 16 arteries with significant (≥50%) stenosis and 10 of 44 vessels with
Mechanism of β - adrenergic relaxation of smooth muscle

The mechanism of beta-adrenergic relaxation was investigated in isolated smooth muscle cells. Beta-adrenergic agents stimulate cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation, enhance Na+/K+ transport and induce relaxation. The stimulation of Na+/K+ transport is obligatory for relaxation, and we suggest that this stimulation induces relaxation through enhanced Na+/Ca2+ exchange.
A Study of Consumer Health Links on Medical School Library Home Pages

Abstract This article studies the status of consumer health information on medical school library home pages in the United States. Examined are terminology, format, and selection of consumer health resources. A top ten list is compiled and compared to lists of the Medical Library Association and Google.com.
The predictive strength of personal constructs versus conventional constructs: self-image disparity and neuroticism.

Idiographic personal construct (PC) measures of self-image disparity were hypothesized to be stronger than nonidiographic conventional construct (CC) measures in predicting neuroticism. Ninety-six college students completed PC and CC measures of real self, ideal self, social self, and ideal social self; the NEO Five-Factor Inventory; and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Content analysis showed that individuals' PC measures were unique. The disparity between real self and ideal self and the disparity between social self and ideal social self were computed for PC and CC; test-retest reliabilities were .76 to .81. Results of simultaneous multiple regression analyses supported the hypothesis. Also, the two-variable PC self-image disparity scores were stronger than one-variable PC esteem scores in predicting neuroticism. Implications were discussed for research method, self-concept theory, personal construct theory, neuroticism, and psychotherapy.
F response analysis of motor disorders of central origin

Abstract Antidromically activated motor responses (F waves) were analyzed. In series of 15 responses recorded from the calf and abductor pollicis brevis muscles, cross-correlation (r) values were obtained for latency and duration (r lat-dur), latency and amplitude (r lat-amp), and amplitude and duration (r amp-dur). In 38 normal subjects, significant (P
Reduction of naturally-occurring cell death in the thoraco-lumbar preganglionic cell collumn of the chick embryo by nerve growth factor and hemicholinium-3

Abstract A preganglionic cell column (column of Terni, CT) in the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord of avian embryos is first discernible on day 7.5–8. Between days 8 and 10 the number of visceral motoneurons in the thoraco-lumbar CT is reduced by 25–30%. Chronic administration of either nerve growth factor (NGF) or hemicholinium-3 spanning the period of naturally-occurring cell death (day 8 through day 10) increased the number of healthy neurons and decreased the number of degenerating neurons in the thoraco-lumbar CT on day 10. The number of healthy neurons in the corresponding sympathetic ganglia were also increased by NGF. Chronic administration of NGF after day 10 increased the number of healthy neurons in the thoraco-lumbar sympathetic ganglia on day 15 but had no effect on the number of motoneurons in the corresponding CT.
An Experimental Analysis of Computer-Mediated Instruction and Student Attitudes in a Principles of Financial Accounting Course.

Abstract In this study, the authors surveyed 128 accounting students who were exposed to either computer-mediated instruction using course management software (WebCT) or to only traditional instructional methods. The authors found that most students were comfortable with the computer and the Internet and that those in the computer-mediated instructional setting reported fairly positive attitudes. Survey results revealed no significant differences between the two groups in attitudes about the course. However, students who used the computer more frequently reported more positive attitudes about course delivery methods in general and specific course management software applications. These findings have important implications regarding technology's impact on accounting education.
Efficient trapping and collision‐induced dissociation of high‐mass cluster ions using mixed target gases in the quadrupole ion trap

Heavy target gases (neon, argon, krypton or xenon), when added in small amounts to the helium buffer gas in the quadruple ion trap, improve both the trapping efficiency of cesium iodide cluster ions of high mass-to-charge ratio and the internal energy deposition during collision-induced dussociation experiments.
Photooxidation of 4-chloroaniline and N-(4-chlorophenyl)-benzenesulfonamide to nitroso- and nitro-products

Irradiation of 10−4M aqueous 4-chloroaniline or N-(4-chlorophenyl)-benzenesulfonamide at >290 nm in air-saturated solutions produced both 4-chloronitrosobenzene and 4-chloronitrobenzene, with a maximum conversion of 23%. 4-Chloronitrobenzene was stable to photolysis and was not formed primarily from 4-chloronitrosobenzene. Formation of both products is proposed to proceed through an N-peroxide to a nitro radical anion which is either reduced to 4-chloronitrosobenzene or oxidized to 4-chloronitrobenzene.
Antireflection effects at nanostructured material interfaces and the suppression of thin-film interference

Thin-film interference is a well-known effect, and it is commonly observed in the colored appearance of many natural phenomena. Caused by the interference of light reflected from the interfaces of thin material layers, such interference effects can lead to wavelength and angle-selective behavior in thin-film devices. In this work, we describe the use of interfacial nanostructures to eliminate interference effects in thin films. Using the same principle inspired by moth-eye structures, this approach creates an effective medium where the index is gradually varying between the neighboring materials. We present the fabrication process for such nanostructures at a polymer–silicon interface, and experimentally demonstrate its effectiveness in suppressing thin-film interference. The principle demonstrated in this work can lead to enhanced efficiency and reduce wavelength/angle sensitivity in multilayer optoelectronic devices.
Analysis of Vif-induced APOBEC3G Degradation Using an α-Complementation Assay

Vif forms a complex with Elongin B/C, Cullin-5 and Rbx-1 to induce the polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of human APOBEC3G (hA3G). These interactions serve as potential targets for anti-HIV-1 drug development. We have developed a cell culture-based assay to measure Vif-induced hA3G degradation. The assay is based on alpha-complementation, the ability of beta-galactosidase fragments to complement in trans. hA3G expressed with a fused alpha-peptide was enzymatically active, complemented a coexpressed omega-fragment and could be targeted for degradation by Vif. Vif reduced beta-galactosidase activity in the cell by 10-30-fold. The assay was validated by testing various hA3G and Vif point mutants. The assay accurately detected the effects of D128 in hA3G, and the BC box, Cul5 box and HCCH motifs of Vif. The results showed a strict association of Vif biological function with hA3G degradation. These findings support hA3G degradation as a requirement for Vif function. The Vif alpha-complementation assay may be a useful tool for the identification of Vif inhibitors.
Average size perception and the allure of a new mechanism

In this brief response to commentaries by Ariely (2008) and Chong, Joo, Emmanouil, and Treisman (2008) on our earlier article, we highlight the two key assumptions underlying earlier claims about statistical summary representations of object size and argue that existing studies have not met either of them. We note why statistical summary representations of size are different from such representations of motion or orientation, and we emphasize the need for simulations of performance to exclude focused attention explanations for judgments of average size.
Intervening Agents and Moral Responsibility

If some bracken has caught fire because someone has thrown a lighted cigarette into it and, just as the flames are about to flicker out, you deliberately pour petrol on them, then you and you alone will be to blame for the ensuing forest-fire. If, as one of Nero's praetorian guards, you take it upon yourself to cut a Christian's throat because the latter has refused to profess belief in the divinity of Augustus, then you and you alone will be to blame for the unfortunate's death. If you torture a child because your enemy refuses to give you the information you want, then you and you alone will be to blame for the child's suffering. If you blow up a building because some reactionary businessman has refused to yield to your demand for money for the poor, then you and you alone will be to blame for the damage that results. If you buy a "lemon" from Big Al, the used-car dealer, even though you know his reputation for bad deals, then you and you alone will be to blame for demolishing a store-window when the car's rear wheel falls off. If you have too many drinks in a bar and kill a pedestrian when driving home, then you and you alone will be to blame for the death.
Interfacial Kinetics of High Temperature Oxidation in YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings With Bond Coatings of NiCoCrAlY With 0.25% Hf

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the high-temperature isothermal oxidation behavior and micro-structural evolution in plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) at temperatures between 900 and 1200 °C. Two types of specimens were produced for testing. These include a standard and vertically cracked (VC) APS. High temperature oxidation has been carried out at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C. The experiments have been performed in air under isothermal conditions. At each temperature, the specimens are exposed for 25, 50, 75 and 100 hours. The corresponding microstructures and microchemistries of the TBC layers are then examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy EDS. Changes in the dimensions of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer are determined as functions of time and temperature. The evolution of bond coat microstructures/interdiffusion zones and thermally grown oxide (TGO) layers are compared in TBCs with standard (STD) and vertically cracked (VC) microstructures.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
An aggregation method of wind farm model for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis

An aggregation method of wind farm considering electromagnetic transient process is given and verified. It includes doubly-fed (wind turbine generators)WTGs, converter-driven WTGs and squirrel cage WTGs with same and different parameters. Simplifications are analyzied. For the aggregation WTG, main parameters of its control and protection system need to be amended besides the main circuit values. Simulation results show that the electromagnetic transient process of a wind farm consisting of WTGs with same type and parameters can be exactly simulated by the aggregation model in this paper. However, for WTGs of same type with different parameters, only wind farms with squirrel cage WTGs can be replaced properly by the aggregation model. In that situation, greater deviations happened in small parts of the fault period for doubly-fed WTGs and converter-driven WTGs wind farms. Additional simulation results show that the deviations are mainly brought by value of the aggregation energy consuming resistance.
How do code refactorings affect energy usage

Context: Code refactoring's benefits to understandability, maintainability and extensibility are well known enough that automated support for refactoring is now common in IDEs. However, the decision to apply such transformations is currently performed without regard to the impacts of the refactorings on energy consumption. This is primarily due to a lack of information and tools to provide such relevant information to developers. Unfortunately, concerns about energy efficiency are rapidly becoming a high priority concern in many environments, including embedded systems, laptops, mobile devices, and data centers.Goal: We aim to address the lack of information about the energy efficiency impacts of code refactorings.Method: We conducted an empirical study to investigate the energy impacts of 197 applications of 6 commonly-used refactorings.Results: We found that refactorings can not only impact energy usage but can also increase and decrease the amount of energy used by an application. In addition, we also show that metrics commonly believed to correlate with energy usage are unlikely to be able to fully predict the impact of applying a refactoring.Conclusion: The results from this and similar studies could be used to augment IDEs to help software developers build more energy efficient software.
Attachment to Mothers and Fathers during Middle Childhood: Associations with Child Gender, Grade, and Competence

Attachment relationships of first, third, and fifth graders with their mothers and fathers, and their associations with self-perceived and teacher-rated competence, were investigated. Children rated their attachment security with mothers and fathers using the Kerns security scale. Children's perceptions of academic and peer competence were measured using Harter's self-perception profile, and teachers also rated children's competence. Girls felt greater attachment security to their mothers than to their fathers, and boys felt greater attachment security to their fathers than did girls. Greater attachment security with both mothers and fathers was associated with children's perceptions of greater peer and academic competence, and this association was stronger for older children. A greater sense of attachment security with both parents was associated with greater competence than a sense of attachment security with only one parent. Teacher-rated competence was significantly related to attachment security with mothers but not fathers.
Optical data transmission at the Superconducting Super Collider

Digital and analog data transmission via fiber optics for the Superconducting Super Collider have been investigated. The state of the art of optical transmitters, low-loss fiber waveguides, receivers, and associated electronics components are reviewed and summarized. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the radiation environment on the performance of optical data transmission system components. The performance of candidate components of the wideband digital and analog transmission systems intended for deployment of the Superconducting Super Collider Detector is discussed. It is concluded that, using available digital ICs, electrooptical transducers, and fiber optic cable, the design and implementation of a digital optical wideband data transmission system with approximately 1-Gb/s data rate capability can be accomplished. >
Raman‐Active Two‐Tiered Ag Nanoparticles with a Concentric Cavity

A two-tiered Ag nanoparticle containing a cavity at the center of each nanoparticle is generated by two simple steps of nano-imprinting and metal vacuum deposition. It enables sub-zeptomole detection of organic molecules and five orders of the dynamic sensing range.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (bphB) and the expression of an active recombinant His-tagged bphB gene product from a PCB degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida OU83.

The nucleotide sequence of the bphB gene of Pseudomonas putida strain OU83 was determined. The bphB gene, which encodes cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (BDDH), was composed of 834 base pairs with an ATG initiation codon and a TGA termination codon. It can encode a polypeptide of 28.91 kDa, containing 277 amino acids. Promoter-like and ribosome-binding sequences were identified upstream of the bphB gene. The bphB nucleotide sequence was used to produce His-tagged BDDH, in Escherichia coli. The His-tagged BDDH construction, carrying a single 6×His tail on the N-terminal portion, was active. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was 128 kDa and on SDS-PAGE analysis the molecular mass was 31 kDa. This enzyme requires NAD+ for its activity and its optimum pH is 8.5. Nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence analyses revealed a high degree of homology between the bphB gene from Pseudomonas putida OU83 and the bphB genes from P. cepacia LB400 and P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707.
An admission control scheme for QoS-sensitive cellular networks

We propose an admission control scheme to guarantee a certain level of QoS to on-going connections in cellular networks. This admission control scheme is based on a differential bandwidth reservation policy that uses a sector of cells in making bandwidth reservation for accepting the new call. The sector of cells, which are located along the way to which the MT might move, is further divided into two regions depending on whether they have an immediate impact on the handoff or not. Two different bandwidth reservation policies are applied to cells in the two regions to optimize the connection dropping rate (CDR) while maximizing the connection blocking rate (CBR). In contrast to most prior policies, the proposed admission control scheme uses the varying number of cells in the sector to make the admission decision. Depending on the currently measured average CDR of the cells in the sector and the current cell where a new connection is generated, the number of cells involved in admission control can be changed dynamically to satisfy the target QoS (CDR) parameter. Simulation results indicate that our admission control policy guarantees the required CDR over the entire workload, while maintaining a competitive CBR. Comparison of the proposed scheme with two prior schemes shows that our approach is not only capable of providing better QoS guarantees, but also is more flexible in terms of using varying number of cells in satisfying a certain QoS requirement.
Glucose‐fructose likely improves gastrointestinal comfort and endurance running performance relative to glucose‐only

This study aimed to determine whether glucose-fructose (GF) ingestion, relative to glucose-only, would alter performance, metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and psychological affect during prolonged running. On two occasions, 20 runners (14 men) completed a 120-min submaximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial (TT). Participants consumed glucose-only (G) or GF (1.2:1 ratio) beverages, which supplied ∼ 1.3 g/min of carbohydrate. Substrate use, blood lactate, psychological affect [Feeling Scale (FS)], and GI distress were measured. Differences between conditions were assessed using magnitude-based inferential statistics. Participants completed the TT 1.9% (-1.9; -4.2, 0.4) faster with GF, representing a likely benefit. FS ratings were possibly higher and GI symptoms were possibly-to-likely lower with GF during the submaximal period and TT. Effect sizes for GI distress and FS ratings were relatively small (Cohen's d = ∼0.2 to 0.4). GF resulted in possibly higher fat oxidation during the submaximal period. No clear differences in lactate were observed. In conclusion, GF ingestion - compared with glucose-only - likely improves TT performance after 2 h of submaximal running, and GI distress and psychological affect are likely mechanisms. These results apply to runners consuming fluid at 500-600 mL/h and carbohydrate at 1.0-1.3 g/min during running at 60-70% VO2peak .
Disposition of D‐glucopyranosyl units on the surfaces of crystalline elementary fibrils of cotton cellulose

The results from two different chemical approaches to study the disposition of D-glucopyranosyl segments of the cellulose chains on the surfaces of microstructural units accessible to chemical reagents in cotton cellulose are compared, correlated, and rationalized. These studies provide the basis for a suggested disposition of D-glucopyranosyl units in the crystalline surfaces of elementary fibrils, for a proposed arrangement of hydrogen bonds on these surfaces, and for estimates of the size of the elementary fibrils.
HDL coding guidelines for student projects

Hardware Description Languages and FPGAs make it possible for students to design large, complex circuits. However, HDL-based design is fraught with pitfalls that students often find difficult to understand and avoid. This paper describes a set of design guidelines for HDL-based design taken from a variety of sources and distilled into a concise list. These guidelines are intended to help students avoid these pitfalls and create reliable designs. They have been used in a Senior Design Project course in which students design a wireless network.
Hazardous waste sites in the United States

Abstract This paper contains a listing of all known hazardous waste sites in the United States. Relevant data are included on the location of the waste site along with the quantitity and nature of the waste as well as the disposal technique.
MAGSAT scalar anomaly map of South America

A scalar magnetic anomaly map for South America and adjacent marine areas was prepared from MAGSAT data. Preparation of the map posed problems, notably in separating external field and crustal anomalies, and in reducing data to a common altitude. External fields are manifested in a long‐wavelength ring current effect, a medium‐wavelength equatorial electrojet, and short‐wavelength noise. The ring current is corrected through use of a standard ring current equation, augmented by further wavelength filtering. Because the electrojet is confined primarily to dusk profiles, its effect is minimized by drawing the data set from dawn profiles only. The noise is reduced by selecting profiles from “quiet” periods (K⩽2+). The optimum filter cutoff level is determined by a statistical regression technique to be approximately 50 degrees wavelength. When wavelengths longer than this are rejected, resultant profiles from redundant satellite orbits correlate well, with differences due primarily to satellite altitude. The...
Highly efficient anti-cancer therapy using scorpion ‘NanoVenin’

Host defence peptidotoxins from animal venoms have been identified to possess substantial anticancer properties. Towards a safer, translatable approach, we have developed a viable chemical methodology based on a well-defined, self-assembled polymeric nano-architecture for controlled delivery of toxins derived from scorpion venom.
Artificial neural network-enabled prognostics for patient health management

Prognostics and prediction of patients' short term physiological health status are of critical importance in medicine because they afford medical interventions that prevent escalating medical complications. This study proposes a prognostics engine to predict patient physiological status. The prognostics engine builds models from historical clinical data using neural network as its computational kernel. This study compared accuracy of various neural network models. Given the diversity of clinical data and disease conditions, no single model is ideal for all medical cases. Certain algorithms are more accurate than others depending on the type, amount and diversity of possible outcomes. Utilizing multiple neural network algorithms is a sound approach to building a generalizable prognostics engine. The study proposes using an ensemble of algorithms and an oracle, an overseer program to select the most accurate combination of the predictive models that is most suited for a particular disease prediction.