cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Src Tyrosine Kinase with a Human Potassium Channel Mediated by SH3 Domain

The human Kv1.5 potassium channel (hKv1.5) contains proline-rich sequences identical to those that bind to Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. Direct association of the Src tyrosine kinase with cloned hKv1.5 and native hKv1.5 in human myocardium was observed. This interaction was mediated by the proline-rich motif of hKv1.5 and the SH3 domain of Src. Furthermore, hKv1.5 was tyrosine phosphorylated, and the channel current was suppressed, in cells coexpressing v-Src. These results provide direct biochemical evidence for a signaling complex composed of a potassium channel and a protein tyrosine kinase.
139 Gene Array Profiling of Keloid Fibroblasts to Identify the Target Genes for Therapeutic Evaluations

Keloids are scars that overgrow the original boundaries of the injury, involving aberrant functioning of the fibroblasts. We have found that during normal wound healing the ELR-negative CXC chemokines IP-9 (CXCL11) and IP-10 (CXCL10) act to limit fibroblast immigration. Our initial goal was to determine if keloid fibroblasts failed to respond to this ‘stop’ signal. Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical studies on keloid fibroblasts show that these lesions express excessive amounts of IP-9 and CXCR3 receptor. The protein levels of CXCR3 receptor was also not dissimilar between normal and keloid fibroblasts. Though, the expression of the protein and the receptor seems to be normal, the fibroblasts derived from these abnormal lesions did not respond to IP-9 during EGF induced cell migration. We have extended these findings to determine whether other genes are differentially expressed by keloid fibroblasts. The immediate first gene that interest us was the mRNA levels of CXCR3 receptor (GPR9) wherein, we did not find any significant difference between normal and keloid fibroblasts. Further, we also found interestingly, that genes related to tumor progression are up regulated in keloid fibroblasts than the normal fibroblasts. The marker genes like calgranulin, BCL-2 associated anthogen 4 (BAG4), and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). Certain transcription factors like GATA-6 and SpiB are also increased. Apart, the classical growth factor and growth factor receptor related genes which includes, bone morphogenetic protein BMP-1, heparin binding EGF like growth factor, EGF like repeats discoidin1, IGFBP-5 and 3, EphB1&B2, tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor, serine threonine kinase 6 along with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan brevican and versican and vitronectin are also up regulated. The newl identified genes will open new avenues in targeting keloid lesions by understanding the basic signaling mechanism of these specific proteins. This work was supported by grants from NIH/NIGMS and PPRTP.
Incidence and treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus in the ill premature neonate

Abstract Two to 15 per cent of the patients admitted to a Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit developed signs of cardiac disease due to a PDA. In a four-year period, of 90 patients with a diagnosis of the PDA, confirmation was made in 44 (surgery, 27; autopsy, 12; and aortography, 5). Eighty per cent were 33 weeks gestation or less. Two-thirds of the patients went into congestive heart failure. Over 1 2 of these had severe respiratory distress and 44 per cent required a respirator. The diagnosis of a PDA and cardiac failure was made clinically by the presence of characteristic murmur frequently accompanied by a diastolic murmur, bounding pulses, hepatomegaly, apnea and bradycardia, roentgenographic evidence of perihilar edema and/or increased pulmonary vascularity, and an abnormal electrocardiogram. Twenty-seven patients underwent surgical ligation of the PDA. There were no deaths in the operating room. The survival rate in those over 1,000 grams was 80 per cent. Of those patients that died due to the PDA, nearly 60 per cent had bronchopulmonary dysplasia as an associated finding.
Identification of a 37 kDa tacrolimus, sirolimus and cyclosporine binding immunophilin possessing glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity isolated from the Jurkat T cell line.

Objective: The isolation and partial characterization of a 37 kDa minor immunophilin from the Jurkat cell line which binds to cyclosporine (CsA), Tacrolimus (FK506) and Sirolimus (RAPA). Design and Methods: Using standard protein purification steps including isoelectric focusing and cation exchange chromatography, we have isolated and purified to homogeneity a minor immunophilin from the Jurkat cell line which has a molecular weight of 37 kDa. Binding properties for immunosuppressive drugs CsA, FK506 and RAPA were assessed by Scatchard and displacement analysis. The amino acid analysis and the protein sequences were also studied. Results: The immunophilin was purified to homogeneity and the molecular weight corresponds to 37 kDa. Saturation experiments using 3Hdihydro FK506 gave a Kd of 4.5 nM and the Bmax of 117 nmol/mg protein. Displacement studies using 3Hdihydro FK506 and RAPA gave a Kd of 0.8 nM. For CsA binding, the protein showed somewhat less avid binding. The amino acid composition was in close agreement with the amino acid composition of uracil DNA glycosylase which corresponds to part of the monomer of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD). Protein digestion gave at least 3 peptides. The primary sequence of the first of these matched 7 of 8 residues of human liver nuclear uracil DNA glycosylase. The 37 kDa immunophilin was found to have G3PD activity not inhibited by FK506. Conclusions: The amino acid analysis, protein sequences, binding properties and G3PD activity indicate that this 37 kDa immunophilin is different from any other known Immunophilins.
Stress from a psychiatric epidemiological perspective

From voodoo deaths to life events, stress produces many psychophysiological responses. Social changes constitute an important stress factor and there is a correlation between stress scores and mental health risk. In personal studies, a three-way relationship among life events, socioeconomic status and health impairment scores has been demonstrated. Furthermore, there was a reciprocal influence between life events and impairment scores that has previously been somewhat overlooked. Recently, an emphasis has developed on current stressors rather than on previous life events, such stressors being tied to social role. There are powerful associations between social stressors and psychiatric symptomatology. especially symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. The individual's responses to stress depend little on attitudes and values but almost entirely upon the individual's ‘definition of the situation’. Whether or not the character of life in western society is more stressful than in the past is debatable, and even the most fortunate of persons may live lives that have their full share of difficulty and private despair.
Liquid-liquid extraction model for the system LaCl3Nd(NO3)3HNO3H2OHDEHP-AMSCO

Abstract The liquid-liquid extraction model for a binary metal system successfully applied to the lanthanide nitrate system was found to be applicable to the binary metal-mixed ligand system only when equal mole fractions of each metal components are present in the feed solution. The agreement in this special case is explained satisfactorily in terms of the two-suffix Margules equations. The lack of agreement between the chemically based model and the experimental data was attributed to the effects of the stability constants and the degree of formation of the lanthanide mixed ligand complexes on the separation factors.
POLYCYCLIC THIOPHENES FROM THE DIRECT INSERTION OF HETEROSULFUR BRIDGES INTO VINYLARENES, BIARYLS, AND ANGULARLY CONDENSED ARENES

Abstract There are three synthetic methods for direct introduction of a heterosulfur bridging atom into a vinylarene, biaryl, or angularly condensed arene to form a polycyclic thiophene. Two methods employ elemental sulfur, with or without a catalyst (aluminum chloride). The third method, which uses hydrogen sulfide and a heterogeneous catalyst (usually a metallic oxide) at 450–630°, is reviewed in detail. Thus, results on 20 different substrates (including a number of compounds bearing pyridine rings) are presented. Experimental observations which concern mechanistic aspects of the reaction are summarized and interpreted. For most substrates it is suggested that an ECEC mechanism prevails, whereby an adsorbed sulfide ion attacks a π-electron-deficient, adsorbed substrate to form a dihydro intermediate, which then undergoes aromatization. The substrate is adsorbed onto the catalyst either via the π-electrons or n-electrons (for some pyridine compounds). Type of adsorption and/or relative reactivities of r...
Integrals involving an exponential integral function and exponentials arising in the solution of radiation transfer

Abstract The solution of the equation of radiative transfer for a participating medium generally results in the evaluation of integrals involving a product of an exponential integral function or an exponential with a polynomial. Although expressions are available in the literature for the evaluation of such integrals, which appear to be structurally easy and simple to program, they are found to be not so accurate for certain parameters involved. To overcome such difficulties, alternative, computationally more accurate, analytic expressions are presented, and numerical techniques for their evaluation are discussed.
Future Directions in Clinical Research for Lung Cancer

Even since the Surgeon General's 1964 report, the mortality rate from lung cancer has continued to rise. Although there is evidence that this continued increase in mortality will slow or level in the next decade, lung cancer mortality is a major health problem destined to remain with us for at least the next generation. There have been no established advances in the early detection or prevention of lung cancer in the last 30 years and our therapies have increased the cure rate only from 5 to 13% in this 30-year interval. Biologic advances have outpaced clinical advances in recent times and many of the advances are now ripe for clinical exploitation. There are currently more exciting clinical trials for all phases of lung cancer than at any time and it will be stimulating to witness the results of the clinical trials discussed herein. Hopefully, the results of these studies will lead to a decrease in lung cancer mortality in the next century, much as it increased in the past century.
More than backlash: rethinking working-class politics and the fall of the New Deal Order

Stayin’ alive: the 1970s and the last days of the working class, by Jefferson Cowie, New York, New Press, 2010, 464 pp., $27.99 (hbk), ISBN 9781565848757Protesting affirmative action: the struggle ...
CEREBRAL METABOLISM OF DOPA-C14 IN RATS.

After administration of DOPA-C14 or dopamine-C14 radioactive DHPE and MHPE accumulate in the CNS. This accumulation occurs through uptake from the blood and through synthesis in the CNS itself. The time course of the appearance and disappearance of DHPE and MHPE in the CNS suggests that the deamination by MAO precedes O-methylation by CMT. One hour after administration of DOPA-C14 the levels in the CNS of radioactive dopamine, norepinephrine and their 3-methoxy derivatives were determined in untreated and in iproniazid and tropolone separately and simultaneously treated rats. From the ratio of dopamine to 3-methoxy-dopamine and norepinephrine to 3-methoxy-norepinephrine, it is evident that dopamine is inactivated by CMT to a much greater extent than norepinephrine. The combined treatment of iproniazid plus tropolone produces an increase of dopamine-C14 levels in the CNS, which exceeds the sum of the increases produced by each inhibitor singly. This combined treatment has no potentiating effect on norepinephrine-C14 levels.
Calculation of K and L x rays for elements of Z=95 to 130

Binding energies for the K, L, M, N, and O shells and the K and L x-ray energies have been determined for elements of Z=95 to 130. The results for 15 elements are based primarily on detailed calculations made with total energies from a Dirac-Fock code of J. P. Desclaux. Special interpolation procedures are used for the remaining elements. In addition, small emirical corrections are added as a result of comparing calculations with experimentally determined binding energies for elements of Z<95. A discussion is given on the uncertainties encountered with the calculations and on the probable errors listed with the results.
CONSTRUCTED AND RECONSTRUCTED DISCOURSE Inscription and Talk in the History of Literacy

This article considers a theoretical problem at the center of historical research on literacy, the solution to which has implications for studies of contemporary literacies as well. Four models of literacy are identified. The (1) traditionally received skills model still flourishes in educational policy, but is increasingly rejected by literacy scholars who employ either (2) a functional model of literacy as an instrument of power relations or (3) a semiotic “marker” model of literacy. While traditional communications history has evinced little interest in historical studies of literacy, (4) a highly visible grand theory model of literacy associated with McLuhan, Innis, and Ong has its origins in the received model. Where the received model is optimistic about the long-term social and political effects of literacy, however, the grand theory model is pessimistic. Although a growing body of scholars has argued that the definition of any literacy must be located in its actual practices, and although many sch...
Synaptic Vesicle Mobilization Is Regulated by Distinct Synapsin I Phosphorylation Pathways at Different Frequencies

Abstract During action potential firing, the rate of synapsin dissociation from synaptic vesicles and dispersion into axons controls the rate of vesicle availability for exocytosis at the plasma membrane. Here we show that synapsin Ia's dispersion rate tracks the synaptic vesicle pool turnover rate linearly over the range 5–20 Hz and that the molecular basis for this lies in regulation at both the calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaM kinase) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/calcineurin sites. Our results show that CaM kinase sites control vesicle mobilization at low stimulus frequency, while MAP kinase/calcineurin sites are critical at both lower and higher stimulus frequencies. Thus, multiple signaling pathways serve to allow synapsin's control of vesicle mobilization over different stimulus frequencies.
Stability of command economies

Abstract We consider the impact of fluctuations in the technology matrix A on two command input- output models. In the first, resources and goals are fixed and the model is solved for industrial production. If the growth rate can be zero, expected values of fluctuations of industrial goods are infinite. In the second, produced goods are scaled down to fit resources. Here we derive a criterion that 2log n k should be small, where k is the number of significant ingredients in a good efficiency of aggregated economies, with n replaced by n 1 /2 where n 1 is the number of goods aggregated into one.
The Folding of Nascent Mitochondrial Aspartate Aminotransferase Synthesized in a Cell-Free Extract Can Be Assisted by GroEL and GroES

Abstract At 30°C, the precursor to mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (pmAspAT) cannot fold after synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL), a model for studying intracellular protein folding. However, it folds rapidly once imported into mitochondria. Guanidinium chloride denatured pmAspAT likewise cannot refold at 30°C in a defined in vitro system. However, it refolds rapidly and in good yield in the presence of the intramitochondrial chaperone homologues GroEL and GroES. In this report, we demonstrate that GroEL and GroES can also facilitate the folding of nascent pmAspAT in reticulocyte lysate under conditions where it otherwise would not. When added alone, GroEL arrests the slow folding of nascent pmAspAT and inhibits import into mitochondria. These effects are significantly reversed by adding GroES. These observations suggest that added GroEL participates in an equilibrium with endogenous chaperones in the cytosol which inhibit folding and promote import competence. Native gel electrophoresis suggests that nascent pmAspAT exists in RRL as a heterogeneous population of partially folded species, some of which bind to added GroEL more readily than others. The GroEL-trapped species appear to be among the productive pmAspAT folding intermediates formed in RRL or they at least appear to equilibrate with these intermediates, since they become import competent after GroES-stimulated release from GroEL.
The amorphous Sb1−xTex system

Abstract Amorphous films of Sb1−xTex, where 0.11 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.86, have been prepared by coevaporation. Crystallization temperatures occur near room temperature for all compositions and appear to depend on film thickness. The optical and transport properties have been investigated as a function of temperature. Optical band gaps at room temperature, Eg, ranged between 0.3 and 0.7 eV and decreased non-linearly with temperature. For the composition Sb2Te3, Eg ≈ 0.7 eV, in contrast to the semimetallic character of the crystalline form. All compositions were p-type with the Fermi level close to the middle of the gap. The results have been interpreted in terms of the chemical bonding.
A survey of graduates from an undergraduate computer science program

A survey of the computer science graduates at Angelo State University was conducted in May, 1977. Data was gathered concerning starting salary, current salary, job satisfaction, job location and job duties. The computer science program at Angelo State University was established in 1970 and since that time, 37 students have obtained undergraduate computer science degrees.Two degree programs in computer science are offered at Angelo State. The Bachelor of Science degree is designed to prepare students for further study in computer science and is tailored to students interested in the scientific aspects and applications of computing. Advanced undergraduate courses in this degree program prepare a student for employment as a systems programmer or software specialist. The Bachelor of Business Administration degree emphasizes commercial or business data processing applications and is designed to prepare students to enter the job market as business programmers or computer center managers.The data obtained from the survey was summarized for all computer science graduates and then considered separately for the Bachelor of Science graduates and then the Bachelor of Business Administration graduates. It was determined that the average starting salary for all graduates was $11,809 and the average current salary is $14,403. The average starting salary for Bachelor of Science graduates was $12,500 while the current average salary for Bachelor of Science graduates is $15,550. The Bachelor of Business Administration graduates received an average starting salary of $10,600 and have a current average salary of $12,395. The data obtained from the survey has also been analyzed according to the different industries in which the graduates are employed and in terms of the geographical location of their employment. While the results obtained from this survey are for a single small school, some generalizations can be made concerning the success of an undergraduate computer science curriculum that has been established according to the "Curriculum '68" guidelines.Much can be learned from surveying our computer science graduates. The valuable information that our graduates give us can do much to enhance and improve the computer science curriculum. This information can also do much to keep our current students informed as to what to expect in the marketplace.
Infrared total internal reflection spectroscopy of dimethylcadmium on chemically passivated silicon surfaces

Abstract The chemistry of dimethylcadmium (DMCd) on chemically passivated silicon surfaces is monitored through changes in the infrared spectra of the CH vibrational modes in both chemically and physically adsorbed molecules. Total internal reflection of the IR probe beam was employed to isolate the surface-molecule signal from that due to ambient gas-phase molecules. Excimer laser irradiation of the adsorbed DMCd at 248 nm under conditions appropriate for Cd film deposition resulted in changes in the observed spectra which indicate a high hydrocarbon content in the deposited metal layer.
THE FUNCTIONAL INTEGRAL ON THE HALF-LINE

A quantum Hamiltonian, defined on the half-line, will typically not lead to unitary time evolution unless the domain of the Hamiltonian is carefully specified. Different choices of the domain result in different Green’s functions. For a wide class of non-relativistic Hamiltonians we show how to define the functional integral on the half-line in a way which matches the various Green’s functions. To do so we analytically continue, in time, functional integrals constructed with real measures that give weight to paths on the half-line according to how much time they spend near the origin.
Transmission of Black Creek Canal virus between cotton rats

Black Creek Canal (BCC) virus is a hantavirus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southeastern North America. The virus was isolated from the spleen of a cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) trapped in southern Florida. Our previous studies have shown that we could consistently infect male cotton rats with BCC virus in the laboratory. These animals became persistently infected and virus could be detected in salivary glands, urine, and feces. In this report we show: (1) female and male cotton rats are equally susceptible to BCC virus infection, (2) susceptibility to infection was not influenced by age, (3) all inoculated rats transmitted the infection to uninoculated cage mates, and (4) offspring of infected rats became infected despite the presence of high maternal antibodies. The course of BCC virus infection, as determined by antibody response and the ability to isolate or detect virus, appeared to be similar regardless of whether the rats obtained their infection by inoculation or contact with inoculated rats. J. Med. Virol. 60:70-76, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Neighbor Graph Connectivity on Coverage Redundancy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Coverage redundancy problem is one of the significant problems in wireless sensor networks. To reduce the energy consumption that arises when the high number of sensors is active, various coverage control protocols (sleep scheduling algorithms) have been proposed. In these protocols, a subset of nodes necessary to maintain sufficient sensing coverage are kept active while the others are put into a sleep mode to reduce the energy consumption. In this paper, we study the coverage redundancy problem in a sensor network where the locations of nodes and the distances between nodes are neither known nor could be easily calculated. We define a neighbor graph as the graph formed by the neighbors of a node and analyze the effect of different levels of connectivity in neighbor graphs on the coverage redundancy of sensor nodes. Moreover, we apply our results to a lightweight deployment-aware scheduling algorithm and demonstrate the improvement in the performance of the algorithm.
Ternary complexes of poly(ethylene imine), single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides and glutamic acid moieties

Abstract Ternary non-covalent complexes composed of poly(ethylene imine) (P), a pentadeoxynucleotide (N) and glutamic acid monomer or dipeptide (E or EE) were prepared by mixing aqueous P, N and E (or EE) solutions in various molar ratios. Five nucleotides were examined, viz., d(TTTTT), d(CCCCC), d(AAAAA), d(GGGGG) and d(GCGAT). The compositions, solution stabilities and intrinsic stabilities of the ternary complexes (“terplexes”) were probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS 2 ) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS). ESI-MS experiments confirmed the formation of terplexes with four of the five N molecules tested, the favored stoichiometry being 1:1:1 P-to-N-to-E (or EE) in all cases; d(GGGGG) did not form any detectable ternary complexes. Other compositions, involving higher order terplexes with multiple units or P, N and/or E (or EE), as well as several binary combinations, could be identified by IM-MS. The solution stabilities of the ternary complexes, assessed from their relative intensities in ESI mass spectra, depend on the sequence of N for PNE terplexes, maximizing with thymine-rich oligonucleotides. This selectivity is lost in the more weakly bound PN(EE) terplexes, whose binding interactions are barely influenced by the oligonucleotide sequence. Gas-phase (intrinsic) stabilities, assessed by dissociation extents in MS 2 experiments, follow the same order as the corresponding solution stabilities, suggesting similar terplex structures in both media.
Effects of the muscarinic agonist, 5-methylfurmethiodide, on contraction and electrophysiology of Ascaris suum muscle

Contraction and electrophysiological effects of 5-methylfurmethiodide (MFI), a selective muscarinic agonist in mammals, were tested on Ascaris suum muscle strips. In a contraction assay, MFI produced weak contraction and was less potent than levamisole and acetylcholine. Atropine (3 μM) a non-selective muscarinic antagonist in mammalian preparations, did not affect contractions produced by MFI. Mecamylamine (3 μM) a nicotinic antagonist in A. suum preparations, blocked the MFI contractions indicating that MFI had weak nicotinic agonist actions. In two-micropipette current-clamp experiments MFI, at concentrations greater than 10 μM, produced concentration-dependent depolarizations and small increases in membrane conductance. The depolarizing effects were not abolished by perfusing the preparation in a calcium-free Ascaris Ringer solution to block synaptic transmission, suggesting that MFI effects were mediated by receptors on the muscle and were calcium-independent. A high concentration of mecamylamine, 30 μM, only reduced the depolarizing responses by 42%, indicating that MFI also had effects on non-nicotinic receptors. Three non-nicotinic effects in the presence of 30 μM mecamylamine were identified using voltage-clamp techniques: (i) MFI produced opening of mecamylamine-resistant non-selective-cation channel currents; (ii) MFI inhibited opening of voltage-activated potassium currents; and (iii) MFI increased the threshold of voltage-activated calcium currents. We suggest that a drug that is more selective for voltage-activated potassium currents, without effects on other channels like MFI, may be exploited pharmacologically as a novel anthelmintic or as an agent to potentiate the action of levamisole. In a larval migration assay we demonstrated that 4-aminopyridine (4-AP: a potassium channel blocker) potentiated the effects of levamisole but MFI did not.
Fabrication and characterization of carbon nanotube field-effect transistor biosensors

We report the fabrication of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors for biosensing applications and the development of protocols for reliable protein and DNA sensing. The sensing method we employ is 'label free', relying only on the intrinsic charge of the biological molecule of interest. We discuss fabrication issues that we have solved, for example the preparation of clean surfaces, and the sensing protocol issues that we have encountered. Polylysine and ss-dna, highly charged biological molecules, are used as model systems to illustrate the performance of our biosensors.
Source-Rock of Lead Ores and the Age of the Granitic Layer

IT has been pointed out by Holmes1 that most lead ores seem to have originated from a common source in which the products of radioactive decay of uranium have been accumulating continuously since time t0 (3,350 million years ago). The ratio Pb/U of total lead to uranium-238 in this source-rock at the present time would be about 7·5, a value which seems to fit almost any kind of material, sialic, basaltic or meteoritic (excluding troilite and iron meteorites). Because of the special association of lead ores with granitic rocks, Holmes favours the view that the source-rock of these ores must be granitic in composition, so that t0 would really be the age of the sial. Since Jeffreys has shown that solidification of the earth would probably require no more than 15,000 years, the age of this granitic layer would, according to Holmes, not be appreciably different from the age of the earth itself.
Sum Rules and Bounds on Scattering Amplitudes

Using sum rules obtained from crossing and analyticity, and unitarity bounds on scattering amplitudes, we show how new relations between low-energy and high-energy scattering can be derived. These relations can provide tests of a wide range of theoretical ideas. As examples, we discuss several inequalities obtained for $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering. For $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering, a number of relations involving the asymptotic behavior of total cross sections are presented, including bounds limiting the size of violations of the Pomeranchuk theorem. Using finite-energy sum rules for $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering, we derive new types of bounds and show how they can be used to probe such things as the nature of the Pomeranchuk trajectory and the assumption of $s$-channel helicity conservation. Finally, we introduce inequality constraints between partial-wave amplitudes of different isospin, and indicate how they can be used to explore the nature of exchange degeneracy, absence of exotics, and duality.
Robot fostering techniques for sensory-motor development of humanoid robots

The research efforts addressing the control of robot behavior have been polarized; most robots are either fully guided through “strong” programming, or given a few learning algorithms and left alone to explore the world. This paper explores the area in-between, looking at robot fostering, referring to techniques by which skills can be transferred to robots through a close interaction with humans. While robot fostering can be the basis of interaction with a variety of robotic shapes, it is most natural and human-friendly when the robot apprentices are anthropomorphic/humanoid. Fostering techniques discussed here include teaching/learning by imitation, teaching by description/explanation, reinforcement, aid and collaboration. The paper illustrates an experiment in teaching/learning by imitation. The human fosters the robot by first imitating its uncoordinated arm movements, thus helping the robot develop its sensory-motor associative system. The human then shows arm movements and the robot visually tracks them; consecutively, the robot is able to learn arm movements by imitation. Fostering techniques, in addition to robot learning/acquisition techniques and more efficient man–machine interaction are considered key elements contributing to the nascence of a new research field, developmental robotics, which would focus on the robotics counterpart of human cognitive and motor development. © 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
To be a butterfly on the wall of this mansion: in place of a response

This paper considers how the range of insights developed in the commentary of this special issue resonate with—rather than merely reflect upon—the ideas Cleonie J. White and I develop in our respective contributions.
Path integrals and the solution of the Schwinger model in curved space-time.

We use the path-integral formalism to derive the solution of the Schwinger model in curved space-time. We show that the nature of flat--space-time solutions persists even in the presence of a background gravitational field.
Effect of particle velocity fluctuations in particle-fluid flows

Abstract For many purposes, the flow of a particle-fluid mixture can be described by equations of balance of mass and momentum for each material, i.e., for the particles and the fluid. These equations must be supplemented by constitutive equations for the stresses and the momentum interaction. The stress in the particle component due to the random motions of the particles can be significant in some flows. In addition, the velocity fluctuations of the particles induce velocity fluctuations in the fluid, resulting in a stress there. Moreover, the momentum interaction term is also affected, resulting in a stress-like term. In this paper, the terms resulting from the particle velocity fluctuations are calculated by averaging the flow around a single sphere. The stresses and momentum interaction terms are given in terms of the average velocity and volume fraction fields, and the fluctuation stress for the particles. The particle stress must be given by a separate constitutive assumption. A framework for the particle velocity fluctuations that accounts for the evolution of the particle temperature is given. Constitutive equations for the stresses in the components, the Reynolds stress in the fluid, the momentum interaction and the interaction work term are calculated by averaging the appropriate quantity using the inviscid flow around a single sphere whose velocity is the mean particle velocity plus a velocity perturbation. The averaging process used is a version of ensemble averaging wherein the particle position is assumed to be distributed over the interior of a spherical “cell”, and the particle velocities are distributed so that the average of the fluctuation is zero, and the average of the negative of the fluctuation dyad is the particle Reynolds stress.
Structural, Functional, and Taxonomic Diversity of Three PreQ1 Riboswitch Classes

Previously, two riboswitch classes have been identified that sense and respond to the hypermodified nucleobase called prequeuosine1 (preQ1). The enormous expansion of available genomic DNA sequence data creates new opportunities to identify additional representatives of the known riboswitch classes and to discover novel classes. We conducted bioinformatics searches on microbial genomic DNA data sets to discover numerous additional examples belonging to the two previously known riboswitch classes for preQ1 (classes preQ1-I and preQ1-II), including some structural variants that further restrict ligand specificity. Additionally, we discovered a third preQ1-binding riboswitch class (preQ1-III) that is structurally distinct from previously known classes. These findings demonstrate that numerous organisms monitor the concentrations of this modified nucleobase by exploiting one or more riboswitch classes for this widespread compound.
Nonnegative integral subset representations of integer sets

We consider an integer-subset representation problem motivated by a medical application in radiation therapy. We prove NP-completeness, derive nontrivial bounds, and report on the performance of a greedy heuristic.
Pepsin output from the damaged canine Heidenhain pouch

In numerous experiments, it has been shown that back diffusion of hydrogen ion across the abnormally permeable gastric mucosa causes damage. This type of situation may exist in patients with gastric ulcers, and these experiments have been considered as models for studying the etiology of gastric ulcer disease. Using dogs with Heidenhain pouches and gastric fistulas, the current experiments demonstrate that when the gastric mucosa is damaged by high concentrations of hydrochloric acid, pepsin output increases. Pepsin output was directly related to the back diffusion of hydrogen, suggesting that pepsin output may be increased in the abnormally permeable mucosa and may be of etiologic importance in ulcer disease.
Bilateral retroperitoneal liposarcoma in immunosuppressed patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

A rare case of a patient with a diffuse, infiltrating retroperitoneal myxoid liposarcoma is presented. The patient had been treated for thirteen years with corticosteroids for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The increased risk of cancer in SLE and in the immunosuppressed patient is documented.
Foreignness and the diffusion of ideas

Abstract Scholars of innovation recognize that knowledge flow displays geographic clustering, and therefore innovations developed in remote regions diffuse less widely and/or rapidly. At the same time scholars have also established that discoveries or inventions combining otherwise disconnected knowledge clusters tend to be more novel, and therefore will ultimately diffuse more widely and/or rapidly. In analysis of the citations received by US patents, a common measure of the technical and economic importance of technology, we find that cross-state collaborations do indeed result in higher rates of citation relative to new inventions where all inventors are located in the same region. Furthermore, the liability associated with foreignness, the lower rate of diffusion expected for inventions developed outside the United States, is overcome in cases of US/international collaboration. Finally, in order to determine whether the constraint with crossing political borders is constant or variable, we explore the issue of diffusion across international borders in more detail, examining citations from US inventors to US patents with a non-US origin. We find that citation rates are highest for US patents from nations with legal systems most consonant with US institutions.
Learning and mixed-strategy equilibria in evolutionary games

This paper considers whether Maynard Smith's concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy, or “ESS”, can be used to predict long-run strategy frequencies in large populations whose members are randomly paired to play a game, and who adjust their strategies over time according to sensible learning rules. The existing results linking the ESS to stable equilibrium population strategy frequencies when strategies are inherited do not apply to learning, even when each individual always adjusts its strategy in the direction of increased fitness, because the inherited-strategies stability results depend on aggregating across individuals, and this is not possible for learning. The stability of learning must therefore be analyzed for the entire system of individuals' strategy adjustments. The interactions between individuals' adjustments prove to be generically destabilizing at mixed-strategy equilibria, which are saddlepoints of the learning dynamics. Using the inherited-strategies dynamics to describe learning implicitly restricts the system to the stable manifold whose trajectories approach the saddlepoint, masking its instability. Thus, allowing for the interactions between individuals' strategy adjustments extends the widely recognized instability of mixed-strategy equilibria in multi-species inherited-strategies models to single-species (or multi-species) learning models.
LOCAL HOUSING REHABILITATION PROGRAMS: A LOW-EFFORT EVALUATION*

The evaluation of a Federally funded housing rehabilitation program in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is used to illustrate the usefulness of low effort, formative program evaluation as a valuable tool for small and medium-size cities. The article sets out the analytical framework as defined by the program design and the concern for evaluating the effectiveness of the programs and alternatives for increasing its impact. The evaluation uses both primary and secondary data sources in examining program performance and relies on basic statistical analysis which are well within the capabilities of most cities' planning agencies.
Application of the Microaerofluorometer to the Study of Dispersion of a Fluorescent Aerosol into a Selected Atmosphere

Abstract An electro-optical device, the Goldberg Microaerofluorometer (MAFIA), has been developed to provide a nearly instantaneous fluorescent aerosol count. It has an effective sampling rate of 12 liters min−1 and a useful sensitivity for concentrations as low as 0.1 particle liter−1 for selected fluorescent particles ≧0.5 μ in diameter. In a room with normal activity or in areas such as active hospital corridors, fluorescent tracer concentrations of 1 particle liter−1 can be quantitatively assayed.
Structure, porosity and stress regime of the upper oceanic crust: sonic and ultrasonic logging of DSDP hole 504b

Abstract The layered structure of the oceanic crust is characterized by changes in geophysical gradients rather than by abrupt layer boundaries. Correlation of geophysical logs and cores recovered from DSDP Hole 504B provides some insight into the physical properties which control these gradient changes. Borehole televiewer logging in Hole 504B provides a continuous image of wellbore reflectivity into the oceanic crust, revealing detailed structures not apparent otherwise, due to the low percentage of core recovery. Physical characteristics of the crustal layers 2A, 2B and 2C such as the detailed sonic velocity and lithostratigraphic structure are obtained through analysis of the sonic, borehole televiewer and electrical resistivity logs. A prediction of bulk hydrated mineral content, consistent with comparison to the recovered material, suggests a change in the nature of the alteration with depth. Data from the sonic, borehole televiewer, electrical resistivity and other porosity-sensitive logs are used to calculate the variation of porosity in the crustal layers 2A, 2B and 2C. Several of the well logs which are sensitive to the presence of fractures and open porosity in the formation indicate many zones of intense fracturing. Interpretation of these observations suggests that there may be a fundamental pattern of cooling-induced structure in the oceanic crust.
Eszopiclone stimulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat

Eszopiclone (Lunesta®) is used for the treatment of insomnia. It is the S (+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone with no structural similarity to the hypnotic drugs zolpidem and zaleplon or to the benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Although eszopiclone interacts with the gamma-aminobutyric acid A-type (GABA(A)) receptor complex, it has a different binding profile than other sedative/hypnotic agents and modulates the receptor complex in a unique manner. Thus, eszopiclone might produce different pharmacological effects compared to other sedative/hypnotic agents. Beside their behavioral properties, sedative/hypnotic drugs affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In general, low doses of benzodiazepine-type drugs decrease, whereas high doses increase the activity of the HPA axis. Furthermore, benzodiazepines reduce stress-induced increases in HPA axis activity. The goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of eszopiclone on the HPA axis in the rat. Male rats were injected with saline or eszopiclone and trunk blood was collected for the measurement of plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone by radioimmunoassay. The acute administration of eszopiclone produced dose-dependent increases in plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone, and tolerance developed to these effects after repeated drug administration. Pretreatment with eszopiclone did not affect stress-induced stimulation of the HPA axis. These results show that eszopiclone and the benzodiazepine-type drugs differentially affect the HPA axis.
Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century

As a geographer from the United States interested in the political-economic history behind the international outer-space legal regime, I approached Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in t...
BREAKING THE LAW OF DESIRE

This paper offers one formal reason why it may often be inappropriate to hold, of two conflicting desires, that the first must be weaker than, stronger than, or of the same strength as the second. The explanation of this fact does not rely on vagueness or epistemological problems in determining the strengths of desires. Nor does it make use of the problematic notion of incommensurability. Rather, the suggestion is that the motivational capacities of many desires might best be characterized by two values, neither of which should be interpreted as strength.
The potential of the situational interview: Existing research and unresolved issues

Abstract After nearly 17 years of research inquiry the situational interview (Latham, Saari, Pursell & Campion 1980) has shown considerable promise as a valid, reliable, and legal approach to employee hiring. Yet academics and practitioners alike report that it has received limited acceptance as a corporate hiring practice. To address this paradox, this article reviews existing research in terms of four key questions important to the decision to adopt the situational interview. A future research agenda is then presented by posing a series of questions based on unresolved practitioner concerns likely to determine the ultimate acceptability of the situational interview method.
Effect of Level of Toy Structure on Preschool Children's Pretend Play

Summary Two separate studies, using a low-income black (N = 30) and a middle-income white (N = 30) sample, examined the amount of pretend play shown by 21/2- to 5-year-old boys as a function of the realistic structure level of toys. Children were presented one structure level at a time and were allowed to play with the toys for as long as they wished. Comparable findings were obtained for the two samples. More frequent pretend behavior was shown with unstructured toys, but children played longer with high structure toys. Unstructured toys were associated with high playing time only when they were presented before high or moderate structure toys.
CoMFA Study of Novel Phenyl Ring-Substituted 3α-(Diphenylmethoxy)tropane Analogues at the Dopamine Transporter

A series of phenyl ring-substituted analogues of 3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane (benztropine) has been prepared as novel probes for the dopamine transporter. Cross-validated comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) models of the binding domain on the dopamine transporter were constructed using 37 geometry-optimized structures of these compounds and their corresponding binding affinities (Ki values) for the displacement of [3H]WIN 35,428 or potency of [3H]dopamine uptake inhibition (IC50 values) in rat caudate putamen tissue. The most predictive model (q2 = 0.78) correlated the steric component of CoMFA to the dependent variable of [3H]WIN 35,428 binding affinities. A novel series of seven phenyl ring-substituted analogues of 3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane was prepared, and our best molecular model was used to accurately predict their binding affinities. This study is the first to provide a CoMFA model for this class of dopamine uptake inhibitors. This model represents an advancement in the design of novel d...