cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing to Partner/Partnering to Design: Exploring Synergies between Cultural Transformation and Design toward a Partnership Society

What is Cultural Transformation Theory? What is design, and design thinking? How do these topics connect with concepts of culture and material culture? How are domination and partnership as paradigms of cultural transformation expressed in design? How can design and partnership work together to achieve a partnership society, and what actions does this suggest for the future? This article addresses these questions, identifies key elements of Cultural Transformation Theory, and introduces the concepts of design and design thinking and the aspects of design as product and process. Definitions of culture and material culture that reveal a disconnect with design are discussed. This article makes the case that design and culture are reciprocally connected, and uses specific cross-cultural examples of domination and partnership as manifested in design disciplines of architecture. Current ways in which the emerging field of design thinking incorporates a partnership approach are also discussed. Finally, the article suggests ways in which cultural transformation and design can work synergistically, evolving cultures toward a partnership future while creating design expressions of such a culture. Erratum Issued March 15, 2016. On page 20, the first Eisler reference should read: Eisler, R. (2013). Human Possibilities: An Integrated Systems Approach. World Futures, The Journal of Global Education, 69:4-6 (pp. 269-289) Pacific Grove, CA: Center for Partnership Studies. Retrieved from: http://www.partnershipway.org/learn-more/articles-by-riane-eisler
The Politics of Ritual in an Aboriginal Settlement: Kinship, Gender, and the Currency of Knowledge

The Politics of Ritual in an Aboriginal Settlement: Kinship, Gender, and the Currency of Knowledge. Francoise Dussart. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000. 269 pp.
Electron Magnetic Moment from Geonium Spectra

Important preparatory contributions to the experiments to be described here vere made by Philip A. Ekstrom, David J. Wineland, Fred L. Walls, and Talbert S. Stein. Shorter accounts have been published (Van Dyck et al., 1976b and 1977).
Purification of a Calcium-binding Phosphoprotein from Beef Adrenal Medulla IDENTITY WITH ONE OF TWO CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS OF BRAIN

Abstract An acidic calcium-binding phosphoprotein has been isolated from beef adrenal medulla and purified to apparent homogeneity. The purification procedure employed ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and G-50. This protein, which appears to be the only soluble calcium-binding protein in adrenal medulla, shows high affinity calcium binding (Kd = 1.7 x 10-5 m) and binds 1 mole of calcium per mole of protein. Each mole of calcium-binding protein contains 1 mole of phosphate. The molecular weight was determined to be 11,900 by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. An acidic calcium-binding phosphoprotein was also isolated from beef brain and compared with the protein from beef adrenal medulla. The two proteins appear to be identical on the basis of electrophoretic migration in 15% acrylamide gels and 10% acrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, molecular weight, amino acid composition, and peptide maps. The protein is not found in other tissues including liver, kidney, lung, and parotid gland. It is suggested that this calcium-binding protein of brain may be associated with adrenergic neurons.
A 60 MHz ASIC /spl beta/ bit serial/parallel multiplier

This paper presents a hardware implementation of a /spl beta/-bit 16/spl times/16 serial/parallel multiplier (/spl beta/=2). The circuit was implemented using differential pass transistor logic (DPTL). The chip has 3000 transistors and dissipates 150 mW at 5 V and 60 MHz. The multiplier was fabricated in 2-micron CMOS technology with a 1.7 mm/spl times/1.7 mm die, has been tested and is fully functional. >
Design Issues for High Speed Local Network Protocols

With recent advances in optical fiber technology, it is now feasible to consider data communication systems with speeds up to 1000 Mb/s. Because of their high bandwidth, low delay, and low error rate characteristics, optical fiber communication systems seem to provide an almost ideal transmission medium for high speed local networks. This paper deals with the implications of the use of fiber optics in the design of high speed local network protocols.
Analysis of spent beam refocusing to achieve optimum collector efficiency

A reasonable criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of spent beam refocusing is the reduction of spent beam turbulence. The rms deviation of particle angles where the angles are calculated from the ratio of radial velocity to axial velocity is one measure of beam turbulence. It is demonstrated that the angular deviation can be reduced by almost half in some magnetic field configurations. Experimental evidence indicates that beam processing of this type is most likely to yield an optimum collector efficiency.
Neutron-burst detectors for cold-fusion experiments

Abstract We have designed several neutron detectors for use in measuring neutrons from cold-fusion experiments. The high-efficiency detectors are based on 3He gas tubes in a CH2 moderator. The total efficiency of our most advanced detector for 2.3 MeV (252Cf) neutrons is 44%. The detector consists of two independent segments making up inner and outer rings of 3He tubes. The inner detector has nine 3He tubes and the outer detector has 42 3He tubes. The low-background inner detector has a singles count background of 97 counts/h and a coincidence count background of only 0.7 counts/h. The corresponding singles efficiency is 19%. The inside ring of tubes is undermoderated and it is more sensitive to lower-energy source neutrons. The outside ring of tubes is overmoderated and thus more sensitive to high-energy neutrons. The ratio of the outside tubes to the inside tubes gives the approximate average neutron energy based on differential transmission as a function of energy. Monte Carlo transport calculations have been performed to establish the energy calibration of the outside/inside tube-ring ratio. The time-correlation (coincidence) information is required to investigate neutron pulsing, bursts and other nonrandom emissions caused by nonequilibrium conditions and instabilities in the samples. The time correlations in our detector are obtained by using the shift register-type electronic circuitry. Our detector system has been applied successfully to the measurement of neutron yield and multiplicity distribution from cold-fusion electrolysis samples and D2-gas-type samples.
Encapsulation of Nanoparticles for the Manufacture of Solid State Lighting Devices

Solid state lighting devices that utilize semiconducting nanoparticles (quantum dots) as the sole source of visible light emission have recently been fabricated. The quantum dots in these devices have been demonstrated to have quantum efficiencies similar to those of conventional phosphors. The dispersion and concentration of the nanoparticles within a suitable polymeric matrix was found to be critical to device performance. Yet achieving suitable concentrations and adequate dispersion implies chemical compatibility between the nanoparticles and the matrix, which must be achieved without detrimental effect on either the physical/optical properties of the matrix or the stability/surface state of the quantum dots. A number of encapsulation strategies have been identified and are discussed with regard to their effect on nanoparticle dispersion and concentration within silicone and epoxy matrices.
Gender-Informed Archaeology: The Priority of Definition, the Use of Analogy, and the Multivariate Approach

Despite recent efforts to construct gender theory in archaeology, I assert that no methodological or theoretical breakthroughs have occurred. This lack of progress is due to several factors. First, fundamental terms such as “theory,” “gender,” and “sex” have been used inconsistently; I suggest some working definitions for these terms. Second, researchers have resorted to the use of analogical arguments that implicitly deny the role of gender in the organization of human relations. Third, feminist political agendas have been conflated with research questions. In order to address some of these issues, I suggest that the application of a multivariate approach to the study of gender can avoid the problems inherent in any one line of evidence. Finally, I argue that a consideration of the scale of gender questions is essential to the application of existing theoretical frameworks to gender archaeologically.
Identification of the first neuropeptides from the Amphipoda (Arthropoda, Crustacea).

Despite being used as models in the field of ecotoxicology, including use in studies of endocrine disruption, little is known about the hormonal systems of amphipods, particularly their peptidergic signaling systems. Here, transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) sequences were used to predict the structures of the first neuropeptides from members of this crustacean order. Using a well-established workflow, BLAST searches of the extant amphipod TSA data were conducted for putative peptide-encoding transcripts. The pre/preprohormones deduced from the identified TSA sequences were then used to predict the mature structures of amphipod neuropeptides. In total, 43 putative peptide-encoding transcripts were identified from three amphipods, Echinogammarus veneris, Hyalella azteca and Melita plumulosa. Collectively, 139 distinct mature peptides (110 from E. veneris alone) were predicted from these TSA sequences. The identified peptides included members of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment concentrating hormone, allatostatin A, allatostatin B, allatostatin C, bursicon α, bursicon β, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, diuretic hormone 31, FLRFamide, molt-inhibiting hormone, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, pigment dispersing hormone (PDH), proctolin, RYamide, SIFamide, sulfakinin and tachykinin-related peptide families. Of particular note were the identifications of orcokinins possessing SFDEIDR– rather than the typical NFDEIDR– amino-termini, e.g. SFDEINRSNFGFN, a carboxyl-terminally amidated orcokinin, i.e. SFDEINRSNFGFSamide, PDHs longer than the stereotypical 18 amino acids, e.g. NSELLNTLLGSKSLAALRAAamide, and a 13 rather than 12 amino acid long SIFamide, i.e. GPYRKPPFNGSIFamide. These data not only provide the first descriptions of native amphipod neuropeptides, but also represent a new resource for initiating investigations of peptidergic signaling in the Amphipoda.
Effects of Betahistine HCl, Nicotinic Acid, and Histamine on Basilar Blood Flow in Anesthetized Dogs

An intermandibular-transclival approach to the posterior cranial fossa has been developed which allows exposure of the basilar artery for attachment of a small electromagnetic blood flow transducer. The results of single intravenous injections of betahistine hydrochloride indicated a mean increase in basilar artery blood flow of 54% and a simultaneous decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure of a duration of action of approximately one minute. Histamine phosphate yielded results similar to betahistine hydrochloride, while nicotinic acid produced only slight increases in blood flow in the basilar artery.
Large-eddy simulation of decaying isotropic turbulence across a grid refinement interface using explicit filtering and reconstruction

This paper explores numerical errors that arise when large-eddy simulation (LES) is used with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). LES and AMR combined can reduce the computational cost of turbulence simulations compared to direct numerical simulations, but are rarely used together due to complications that arise with the application of the turbulence closure model at different grid resolutions. Errors appear at grid refinement interfaces due to dependence of computed quantities on the LES filter width and insufficient smoothness of the solution at the grid scale. Here, explicit filtering and approximate reconstruction of the unfiltered velocity field are used to mitigate the effects of these errors in a simulation of decaying isotropic turbulence advected past a grid refinement interface. In particular, different explicit filter types and levels of reconstruction are tested. Explicit filtering with zero-level reconstruction is found to produce the best long-term convergence to a uniform grid solution with min...
Hybridization Gap in Heavy Fermion Compounds

We report the results of optical studies of new heavy fermion compounds ${\mathrm{YbFe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ and ${\mathrm{CeRu}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$. We show that these compounds, as well as several other heavy fermion materials with a nonmagnetic ground state, obey a universal scaling relationship between the quasiparticle effective mass ${m}^{*}$ and the magnitude of the energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ in the excitation spectrum. This result is in accord with the picture of hybridization of localized $f$-electron and free carrier states.
Superresolution by optical and electronic filtering

The system transfer function of magneto-optic data storage systems can be significantly improved by super-resolution. Super-resolution is achieved using optical and electronic filters. In our experiments the relative high frequency contrast improved from 10% to 75% after application of a combined optical and electronic filter. The carrier-to-noise ratio was slightly degraded at low frequencies, but was improved by 2dB to 3dB at high frequencies. Measurements indicate that the combined system improves jitter by a factor of three at high frequencies.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The case for iron repletion as a promoter in testicular cancer

The incidence of testicular cancer has increased considerably in this century. Current hypotheses (most specifically, those concerning environmental estrogens) show inconsistencies with this increase, either in terms of time course or individual exposure to proposed promoters. This new hypothesis, which attributes the increased incidence in testicular cancer to our current more iron-replete dietary status, is devoid of these inconsistencies. Evidence to support this hypothesis includes the following: (a) the iron-related mechanism of drugs used in the treatment of testicular cancer, (b) dietary associations with disease frequency, (c) the similarity of time course between historic increases in testicular cancer incidence and dietary iron availability, and (d) potential genetic associations with hemochromatosis. The link between incidence of the cancer and cyptorchidism is also addressed. The article concludes with potential experimental approaches to test the hypothesis.
Ambiguous numbers: Trading technologies and interpretation in financial markets

Financial markets and information technologies are key issues for contemporary social theory and the anthropology of globalization. Drawing on fieldwork in Chicago and London, I examine the interplay between processes of technological rationalization and the situated actions of traders in two financial futures markets—one that operates on open-outcry pit technology and the other process online. Both technologies represent the market in numbers. Traders use these symbols to read and interpret the market. Yet each technology configures numbers differently. The technologies influence traders' practices by shaping this basic unit of financial knowledge, [finance, globalization, knowledge, numbers, technology, United States, England]
The rate of surplus value and crime. A theoretical and empirical examination of Marxian economic theory and criminology

Radical criminology is often dismissed on the claim that it is not empirically verifiable. In this paper we argue that grounding the radical approach in Marx's theory of surplus values creates an empirically testable Marxian theory applicable to understanding rates of criminal offending and official responses to criminal behavior. Our analysis demonstrates that the rate of surplus value is a statistically significant predictor of the rate of property crimes known, property crime arrests, violent crimes known, violent crime arrests and total index crimes known to police in the U.S. from 1950 to 1974 controlling for the effects of predictor variables identified in earlier research on crime rates. The theoretical implications of this finding and the importance of the theory of surplus value to the development of radical criminology are also discussed.
HgCdTe hybrid focal plane

Abstract Second-generation IR systems, consisting of 2-D mosaics of IR detectors, have been under intense development for the last few years. One of the most successful architectures has been a HgCdTe hybrid focal plane array (FPA), using a Si charge-coupled device (CCD) readout chip interfaced to epitaxial HgCdTe. Detection is made by backside-illuminated photovoltaic detectors with high fill factors and quantum efficiency. The detectors are coupled into the CCD by In bumps which mass bond each detector in the mosaic to a CCD input. Advances have been made in uniform, large area HgCdTe detector material that can be grown with a bandgap from less than 0.1 eV to greater than 1 eV. CCD architectures have been developed with simple, linear inputs and dynamic ranges up to 80 dB. Hybrid FPAs are currently being tested in prototype imaging systems, for detecting thermal differences as well as reflected sunlight in the IR. In the 3–5μm region, these arrays have proven capable of noise-equivalent temperature differences as low as 0.01 K, acquired at a 400 Hz frame rate. In addition to improving current imaging systems, these area arrays allow new system concepts to be brought to fruition.
An equation for separating daily solar irradiation into direct and diffuse components

Abstract An equation suitable for separating daily total solar irradiation into direct and diffuse components is presented. It incorporates an easily-determined physically based coefficient which reflects the maximum clear-sky transmissivity at the study site. Data collected at Pullman, Washington State, U.S.A. were used to establish the separation equation, and it has been tested on an independent data set from Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Results of these tests indicate that this separation equation can account for more than 90% of the variation in diffuse radiation incident on a horizontal surface. Application of the separation equation for estimating daily total solar radiation incident on non-horizontal surfaces is discussed.
Mediators Affecting Girls’ Levels of Physical Activity Outside of School: Findings from the Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls

Background Providing after school activities is a community level approach for reducing the decline in physical activity of girls as they reach early adolescence.
53Mn–53Cr and 26Al–26Mg ages of a feldspathic lithology in polymict ureilites

Abstract We report 53 Mn– 53 Cr and 26 Al– 26 Mg isotopic data, obtained by in-situ SIMS analysis, for feldspathic clasts in polymict ureilites DaG 319 and DaG 165. The analyzed clasts belong to the “albitic lithology,” the most abundant population of indigenous feldspathic materials in polymict ureilites, and are highly fractionated igneous assemblages of albitic plagioclase, Fe-rich pyroxenes, phosphates, ilmenite, silica, and Fe(Mn, K, P, Ti)-enriched glass. Glass in DaG 165 clast 19 has extremely high and variable 55 Mn/ 52 Cr ratios (500–58,000) and shows correlated 53 Cr excesses up to ∼ 1500‰, clearly indicating the presence of live 53 Mn at the time of formation. The slope of the well-correlated isochron defined by glass and pyroxenes from this clast corresponds to ( 53 Mn/ 55 Mn) = (2.84 ± 0.10) × 10 − 6 (2 σ ). Data for less 55 Mn/ 52 Cr-enriched glasses from DaG 319 clast B1, as well as phosphates from several other clasts, are consistent with this isochron. The 53 Mn/ 55 Mn ratio obtained from the isochron implies that these clasts are 0.70 ± 0.18 Ma younger than the D'Orbigny angrite, corresponding to the absolute age of 4563.72 ± 0.22 Ma. Plagioclase in DaG 319 clast B1 has a fairly constant 27 Al/ 24 Mg ratio of ∼ 900 and shows resolvable 26 Mg excesses of ∼ 2‰. The slope of the isochron defined by pyroxene and plagioclase in this clast is (3.0 ± 1.1) × 10 − 7 (2 σ ), corresponding to a time difference of 5.4 (− 0.3/+0.5) Ma after CAI (assuming the canonical initial 26 Al/ 27 Al ratio of 5 × 10 − 5 ) and an age 0.5 (− 0.3/+0.5) Ma younger than D'Orbigny. Its absolute age (relative to D'Orbigny) is 4563.9 (+ 0.4/−0.5) Ma, in agreement with the 53 Mn– 53 Cr age from clast 19. These data provide the first high-precision age date, ∼ 5.4 Ma after CAI, for ureilites, giving a minimum estimate for the age of differentiation of their parent asteroid. Interpretation of this age for the thermal and physical history of that asteroid depends on a number of currently unknown or model-dependent parameters, including its size, bulk composition, and oxidation state, and the petrologic relationship between the feldspathic clasts and main group ureilites.
Studies on the mechanism of intestinal absorption of sugars VI. The specificity and other properties of Na+-dependent entrance of sugars into intestinal tissue under anaerobic conditions, in vitro☆

Abstract Measurements in vitro of anaerobic sugar entrance into the tissue of hamster small intestine have established the existence of a specific, Na + -dependent and energy-independent process mediating the rapid equilibration of certain sugars between the tissue and the medium. This process appears to be a component of the aerobic active-transport mechanism. It shares with active transport a dependence on the Na + concentration in the medium, a location at the brush-border pole of the epithelial cells and an apparently identical substrate specificity. The entrance into the tissue of a new analog, 6-deoxy-1,5-anhydro- d -glucitol, was found to be Na + -dependent, thus confirming the previously derived specificity pattern of active transport.
Evolution of the large Deep Space Network antennas

The evolution of the largest antenna of the US NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) is described. The design, performance analysis, and measurement techniques, beginning with its initial 64-m operation at S-band (2295 MHz) in 1966 and continuing through the present Ka-band (32-GHz) operation at 70 m, is described. Although their diameters and mountings differ, these parabolic antennas all employ a Cassegrainian feed system, and each antenna dish surface is constructed of precision-shaped perforated-aluminum panels that are secured to an open steel framework. >
Computational redesign of the test section for the Boeing/AFOSR Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel

AbstractA proposed modification of the test section in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel is evaluated using CFD. The new design incorporates a section of increased diameter with the intention of enabling the tunnel to start in the presence of larger blunt models. Cone models with fixed base diameter (and hence fixed blockage ratio) are selected for this study. Cone half-angles from 15° to 75° are examined to ascertain the effect of the strength of the test model shock wave on the tunnel startup. The unsteady, laminar, compressible Navier—Stokes equations are solved. The resulting flowfields are examined to see what affect the shocks and shear layers would have on the quiet test section flow. This study indicates that cone angles ≤20° allow the tunnel to start.
Scattered light and visual acuity after Descemet-stripping with endothelial keratoplasty

Purpose The lamellar interface and anterior host cornea after posterior lamellar keratoplasty scatter more light than normal corneas. In this study, we examined the relationship between forward-scattered light, back-scattered light, and visual function after Descemet-stripping with endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). Methods Nineteen eyes of 17 patients received DSEK with the donor prepared by a microkeratome; all eyes were pseudophakic postoperatively. Eyes were examined before and at 6 months after surgery. Best-corrected high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) was measured by electronic-ETDRS and low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) was measured by using a 10% contrast chart. Intraocular forward light scatter was measured by using a stray-light meter (Oculus C-Quant) and back-scattered light was measured in anterior, middle, and posterior thirds of the cornea by using a custom slit-lamp scatterometer. Generalized estimating equation models were used for statistical analyses to account for possible correlation between fellow eyes of the same patient. Results HCVA improved from 0.46 ± 0.26 logMAR (20/58) before DSEK to 0.28 ± 0.15 logMAR (20/38) at 6 months (p 0.2). Conclusion Visual outcomes after DSEK are associated with the forward-scattered light induced by the host cornea and lamellar interface, although not with the back-scattered light visible on slit-lamp examination.
Glacial greenhouse-gas fluctuations controlled by ocean circulation changes

Earth’s climate and the concentrations of the atmospheric greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) varied stronglyonmillennial timescalesduringpastglacialperiods.Large and rapid warming events in Greenland and the North Atlantic were followed by more gradual cooling, and are highly correlated with fluctuations of N2O as recorded in ice cores. Antarctic temperature variations, on the other hand, were smaller and more gradual, showed warming during the Greenland cold phase and cooling while theNorth Atlantic was warm, and were highly correlated with fluctuations in CO2. Abrupt changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) have often been invoked to explain the physical characteristics of these Dansgaard–Oeschger climate oscillations 1–3 , but the mechanisms for the greenhouse-gas variations and their linkage to the AMOC have remained unclear 4–8 . Here we present simulations with a coupled model of glacial climate andbiogeochemical cycles, forced only with changes in the AMOC. The model simultaneously reproduces characteristic features of the Dansgaard–Oeschger temperature, as well as CO2 and N2O fluctuations. Despite significant changesinthelandcarboninventory,CO2variationsonmillennial timescales are dominated by slow changes in the deep ocean inventory of biologically sequestered carbon and are correlated with AntarctictemperatureandSouthernOceanstratification.Incontrast, N2O co-varies more rapidly with Greenland temperatures owing to fast adjustments of the thermocline oxygen budget. These results suggest that ocean circulation changes were the primary mechanism that drove glacial CO2 and N2O fluctuations on millennial timescales.
Change in shear stress (Δτ)/hydraulic conductivity (Lp) relationship after pronase treatment of individual capillaries in situ

A complex glycoprotein meshwork covers the inner wall of blood vessels and is implicated in mechanotransduction of fluid shear stress (tau). A relationship between Deltatau and capillary Lp has been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Lp in response to Deltatau after exposing the capillary lumen to a mild, non-specific protease selected to disrupt its inner matrix. We hypothesized that Lp would not correlate with Deltatau after enzyme treatment. Frogs (Rana pipiens, n=69) were pithed and the mesentery was exteriorized. Lp was assessed at 30 cm H2O using the modified Landis technique after an abrupt, square wave Deltatau produced by a physiologically relevant increase in pressure. Perfusate solutions were 10 mg ml-1 BSA/frog Ringer's (Control) or 0.1 mg ml-1 pronase in BSA/Ringer's (1 min) then BSA/Ringer's alone (Test). Mean (+/-SE) control Lp following Deltatau was 2.2+/-0.2 x 10(-7) cm s-1 cm H2O-1 and individual values correlated positively with Deltatau (r=0.85, P 15 microm (r=0.96, P=0.0001, n=8). Slopes were 3.9- and 8.7-fold higher, respectively, compared to control. These data suggest a protective role for luminal constituents of intact capillaries. Mechanisms involved in capillary responses to flow-induced, mechanical stimuli may be located in the cellular structures that form capillaries.
Fluidic tuning of a frequency selective surface based on a four-arm Archimedean spiral

This paper investigates the effects of changing the superstrate above a sub-wavelength Archimedean spiral frequency selective surface. The first part of the paper outlines the design procedure taken to create the FSS geometry for both the band-pass and band-stop. The effects of adding a PDMS bonding layer and a fluidic channel layer above the FSS are investigated and the addition of these layers requires a retuning of the spiral topology. The final part of the paper discusses the effects of dynamically tuning the resonant frequency by changing the effective dielectric constant of the fluids in the superstrate.
Oceanic ridges and transform faults: Their intersection angles and resistance to plate motion

Abstract The persistent near-orthogonal pattern formed by oceanic ridges and transform faults defies explanation in terms of rigid plates because it probably depends on the energy associated with deformation. For passive spreading, it is likely that the ridges and transforms adjust to a configuration offering minimum resistance to plate separation. This leads to a simple geometric model which yields conditions for the occurrence of transform faults and an aid to interpretation of structural patterns in the sea floor. Under reasonable assumptions, it is much more difficult for diverging plates to spread a kilometer of ridge than to slip a kilometer of transform fault, and the patterns observed at spreading centers might extend to lithospheric depths. Under these conditions, the resisting force at spreading centers could play a significant role in the dynamics of plate-tectonic systems.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE EQUALITY-OF-OPPRESSIONS PARADIGM FOR CURRICULUM CONTENT ON PEOPLE OF COLOR

Because no distinction is made in the Council on Social Work Education's educational standards about the frequency, intensity, or pervasiveness of the various forms of oppression, social work education affirms what may be called the equality-of-oppressions paradigm. This article contends that, although the equality-of-oppressions paradigm is a valuable perspective, its ascendancy in social work education may be placing the coverage of people-of-color content at risk of being diminished. This article examines two implications of the equality-of-oppressions paradigm for people-of-color content: (1) the expanded definition of diversity, and (2) racism's persistence in social work education. The article also offers a model of differential vulnerability to help prioritize the various forms of oppression important to social work education.
Deep Thought, Shallow Aesthetic: Reading Surface Meaning in Thoreau

American author Henry David Thoreau's transcendental writings are aesthetically "shallow." To read Thoreau's signature works is to locate interpretive meaning elsewhere than the resonant "depths" with which we long have associated the transcendental text. These are the implications for literary transcendentalism generally in the wake of our recent critical turn toward "surface reading." Stephen Best and Sharon Marcus write on the one hand in the journal Representations of the weakening hold that "symptomatic reading" now has on critics who, from the 1970s forward, have accepted the "metalanguages" of psychoanalysis and Marxism as interpretive bases for seeking the "hidden, repressed, deep" meaning of texts. On the other hand, Best and Marcus contend that, "in the last decade or so, we have been drawn to modes of reading that attend to the surfaces of texts rather than plumb their depths." Whether we can or should agree with their proffered explanation for this "depth"-evading turn-"at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century," they write, "so much seems to be on the surface"-is a matter that resides beyond the scope of this essay. This article's informing concern instead is how students of nineteenth-century American romanticism negotiate a surface reading practice that denies the very "depths" of subjectivity, interiority, and symbolic, transcendent correspondence that long have been thought to constitute Romantic meaning.
Inorganic and Organic Sulfur Cycling in Salt-Marsh Pore Waters

Sulfur species in pore waters of the Great Marsh, Delaware, were analyzed seasonally by polarographic methods. The species determined (and their concentrations in micromoles per liter) included inorganic sulfides (≤3360), polysulfides (≤326), thiosulfate (≤104), tetrathionate (≤302), organic thiols (≤2411), and organic disulfides (≤139). Anticipated were bisulfide increases with depth due to sulfate reduction and subsurface sulfate excesses and p H minima, the result of a seasonal redox cycle. Unanticipated was the pervasive presence of thiols (for example, glutathione), particularly during periods of biological production. Salt marshes appear to be unique among marine systems in producing high concentrations of thiols. Polysulfides, thiosulfate, and tetrathionate also exhibited seasonal subsurface maxima. These results suggest a dynamic seasonal cycling of sulfur in salt marshes involving abiological and biological reactions and dissolved and solid sulfur species. The chemosynthetic turnover of pyrite to organic sulfur is a likely pathway for this sulfur cycling. Thus, material, chemical, and energy cycles in wetlands appear to be optimally synergistic.
Quantification of valve stiction based on a semi-physical model

Valve stiction is one of the most common equipment problems that can cause poor performance in control loops. Consequently, there is a strong need in the process industry for non-invasive methods that can not only detect but also quantify stiction. In this work, a semi-physical valve stiction model is derived from the analysis of the dynamic response of a physical model. Based on the semi-physical model, we propose a noninvasive valve stiction quantification method using the routine operating data from the process. The algorithm is proposed to estimate the stiction parameters, namely static friction and dynamic or kinetic friction, without requiring the valve position signal. Quantification is accomplished by using linear and nonlinear least-squares methods which are robust and easy to implement. Several simulation examples, including both self-regulating and integrating processes with different degrees of stiction, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Optical Scattering and Microphysical Properties of Subvisual Cirrus Clouds, and Climatic Implications

The optical and microphysical properties of subvisual cirrus clouds are derived from ground-based polarization lidar, shortwave radiation flux, and solar corona measurements of two approximately 0.75 km deep cirrus located near the tropopause. The first cloud produced no visual manifestations under excellent viewing conditions, and the second appeared to be a persistent aircraft contrail that was generally visible except in the zenith direction. Average lidar linear depolarization ratios and volume backscatter coefficients for the two clouds were 0.19 and 0.35, and 0.6 x 10 to the -3 and 1.4 x 10 to the -3 /km sr, respectively. It is estimated that the zenith-subvisual cirrus contained ice crystals of 25-micron effective diameter at a mean concentration of 25/1 and ice mass content of 0.2 mg/cu m. The threshold cloud optical thickness for visual-versus-invisible cirrus, derived from both broadband shortwave flux and 0.694 micrometer lidar data, is found to be tau sub c approx equal 0.03. Such tau values are comparable to those of 5 to 10 km deep stratospheric aerosol clouds of volcanic origin and polar stratospheric clouds, which are episodic in nature. Hence, we conclude that if these clouds are a fairly common feature of the upper troposphere, as recent SAGE satellite measurements would suggest, then the impact of natural and contrail subvisual cirrus on the planet's radiation balance may be relatively significant.
How we think about evaluation

Even our most complex, scientific conceptions of evaluation are strongly influenced by underlying, deep-seated metaphors.
Escalation, group and A + B designs for dose‐finding trials

In this paper, rules are given on how to construct escalation, A + B, and group designs for dose-finding trials. Operational characteristics of these designs are discussed and compared via simulations. Dose-finding designs for trials with ordinal toxicity outcome are considered.
Magnetic fluxtube reconnection

Abstract We present the results of 3D numerical simulations of initially discrete magnetic fluxtubes interacting via magnetic reconnection. The initial topology consists of two orthogonal fluxtubes. Each fluxtube has a uniform twist, force-free magnetic field specified by the Gold-Hoyle model. The fluxtubes are then forced together by an initial flow configuration consisting of two superimposed stagnation point flows. We observe three distinct types of interaction, which depend on the twist and on the Lundquist numbers, between the fluxtubes. For low twist the fluxtubes experience an elastic collision. For a higher twist complete reconnection is observed. If the Lundquist numbers are raised fluxtube tunneling occurs.
Depression and Marital Interaction

A family-systems model of depression is presented and discussed. In this model, the intrapsychic concept of cognitive schema and the interpersonal concepts of social stimulation and social reinforcement are integrated within a systems-theory perspective. The effects of positive and negative feedback are delineated, and a concept of depression-triggering and depression-maintaining feedback loops is described. A clinical illustration is utilized to exemplify the theoretical model.
Coordination of Capacity Adjustment Modes in Work Systems with Autonomous WIP Regulation

A method is presented in this paper for coordinating multiple modes of capacity adjustment in work systems with autonomous WIP regulation with the goal of maintaining desired fundamental dynamic behavior. To prevent overcorrection of capacity, adjustments involving floaters, temporary workers, overtime, etc. need to be coordinated, and it is shown that control-theoretic analysis can be used to develop algorithms for determining combinations of adjustments that result in WIP regulation that is as fast-acting as possible yet non-oscillatory. Results of discrete event simulations in Arena, driven by industrial data, are used to illustrate the dynamic behavior of WIP regulation in an autonomous work system that incorporates such an algorithm and multiple modes of capacity adjustment.
Quality Matters: New Roles for Librarians Using Standards for Online Course Design

Quality Matters™ (QM) is a nationally recognized organization that certifies online courses for effective design, using an evidenced-based set of standards and a structured peer review process. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how academic librarians involved with online courses can adopt Quality Matters to build capacity for designing online courses, as well as using this expertise to evaluate newly developed online courses throughout the university, thus building new networks and relationships with campus teaching faculty and other personnel interested in quality online learning.
Eph regulates dorsoventral asymmetry of the notochord plate and convergent extension-mediated notochord formation.

Background The notochord is a signaling center required for the patterning of the vertebrate embryic midline, however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of this essential embryonic tissue remain unclear. The urochordate Ciona intestinalis develops a simple notochord from 40 specific postmitotic mesodermal cells. The precursors intercalate mediolaterally and establish a single array of disk-shaped notochord cells along the midline. However, the role that notochord precursor polarization, particularly along the dorsoventral axis, plays in this morphogenetic process remains poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that the notochord preferentially accumulates an apical cell polarity marker, aPKC, ventrally and a basement membrane marker, laminin, dorsally. This asymmetric accumulation of apicobasal cell polarity markers along the embryonic dorsoventral axis was sustained in notochord precursors during convergence and extension. Further, of several members of the Eph gene family implicated in cellular and tissue morphogenesis, only Ci-Eph4 was predominantly expressed in the notochord throughout cell intercalation. Introduction of a dominant-negative Ci-Eph4 to notochord precursors diminished asymmetric accumulation of apicobasal cell polarity markers, leading to defective intercalation. In contrast, misexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of a planar cell polarity gene Dishevelled preserved asymmetric accumulation of aPKC and laminin in notochord precursors, although their intercalation was incomplete. Conclusions/Significance Our data support a model in which in ascidian embryos Eph-dependent dorsoventral polarity of notochord precursors plays a crucial role in mediolateral cell intercalation and is required for proper notochord morphogenesis.
Field Evaluation of Two Nitrogen Testing Methods in Maine

Although the pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) can identify corn (Zea mays L.) fields that may respond to supplemental N fertilizer, the test has not been widely adopted by producers. Additional N-testing methods are needed. Studies were conducted to evaluate the (i) accuracy of a leaf chlorophyll nitrate test for N (LCNT), (ii) influence of hybrid and planting date on chlorophyll readings, (iii) accuracy of normalizing chlorophyll measurements against a high-N reference plot, and (iv) use of early-dent stage earleaf chlorophyll measurements to identify N-deficient or N-excessive sites. Fifty nonreplicated onfarm trials and two replicated experiments were conducted from 1993 through 1995 in central Maine. Following planting, we established high-N subplots (720 sq ft) where we applied 200 lb N/acre. At the V-6 stage, PSNT samples were collected and analyzed using the Penn State quick-test method. A Minolta 502 chlorophyll meter was used to measure V-6 and early-dent stage leaf chlorophyll (SPAD units). SPAD and yield ratios were calculated by dividing whole field and high-N subplot averages. Using the PSNT, we identified sites that would respond to sidedress N 82% of the time. The V-6 stage LCNT was accurate 80% of the time. However, V-6 stage chlorophyll values were influenced by hybrid and planting date. V-6 SPAD ratios may reduce variation, although they did not improve test accuracy on the on-farm trials. Using early-dent stage SPAD ratios, we could identify sites that responded to supplemental N 83% of the time, but we were unable to identify sites with excessive N.
Law, social policy, and violence : The impact of regional cultures

Social policies reflect cultural values. Because of their frontier heritage, the U.S. South and West were hypothesized to have cultures favoring violence for self-protection. Predictions were confirmed for laws relating to guns, defense of self and home, and foreign policy. In addition, the legacy of slavery should make the South more accepting of violence used for coercion and punishment. Predictions were confirmed for laws relating to spousal abuse, corporal punishment, capital punishment, and foreign policy. The slave South and nonslave South differed from each other only on issues relating to coercion and punishment, further implicating slavery as a source of this ideology. It also was found that although the West and nonslave South might symbolically approve of violence, they rarely administer it. At a collective level, this resembles a) the distinction between symbolic and instrumental attitudes and b) the gap between expressed attitudes and actual behavior.
Automatic target recognition processor using an optical wavelet preprocessor and an electronic neural classifier

A comprehensive automatic target recognition (ATR) system using a wavelet transform based target detection preprocessor and a neural network classifier is described. A compact, high-speed optical wavelet processor with full gray scale filter capability, recently developed at JPL has been used for real-time target detection preprocessing. An innovative feature extraction algorithm using the Hermite Moments has been developed and used for neural net classification. The extracted Hermite Moment features, with their greatly reduced dimension and efficient representation, has enabled rapid neural training with test with very high classification and low false alarm rate. Experimental demonstration for face recognition and vehicle classification has been successfully carried out using this ATR system.
Immortelles: Literary, Botanical, and National Memories

This article examines the history of the popular immortelle flower and its role in aesthetic and material culture from the period of 1780–1930 in England and the United States. The flower was often used and referred to in funerary and literary productions as a symbol of longevity, resurrection, and, of course, immortality (as its name suggests). Exploring the flower’s once far-reaching span reveals a rich memorializing tendency during this period that sought to challenge the anxieties of modernity.
Morphology of the Semionotus elegans species group from the Early Jurassic part of the Newark Supergroup of eastern North America with comments on the Family Semionotidae (Neopterygii)

ABSTRACT We describe the morphology of Semionotus, focusing on the Semionotus elegans group from the Newark Supergroup of eastern North America. Our description is based largely on specimens from the Boonton Formation (Early Jurassic) of New Jersey because they are particularly well-preserved and include good material of both the dermal skeleton and the endoskeleton. A single anamestic suborbital distinguishes Semionotus from its sister-genus Lepidotes. We restrict the Semionotidae, defined by the presence of dorsal ridge scales between the nape and dorsal fin as well as a large posteriorly directed process on the epiotic, to two genera, Semionotus and Lepidotes. We restrict the Semionotiformes, defined by four characters and five character losses, to the Lepisosteidae, Macrosemiidae, and Semionotidae. Our study of Semionotus and previous work on Watsonulus suggest new interpretations of characters and character polarities. These data support the hypothesis that the Semionotiformes as we define them are m...
A SEGMENT BASED APPROACH FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE NUMBER OF TEST CASES FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMPONENTS

Component-based software development techniques are being adopted to rapidly deploy complex, high quality systems. One of its aspects is the selection of components that realize the specified requirements. In addition to the functional requirements, the selection must be done taking into account some non-functional requirements such as performance, reliability, and usability. Hence, data that characterize the non-functional behavior of the components is needed; a test set is needed to collect this data for each component under consideration. This set may be large, which results in a considerable increase in the cost of the development process. Here, a process is proposed to considerably reduce the number of test cases used in the performance evaluation of components. The process is based on sequential curve fittings from an incremental number of test cases until a minimal pre-specified residual error is achieved. The incremental selection of test cases is done in two different ways: randomly and adaptively. The accuracy and performance of the proposed approach are dependent on the values of the desired residual error. The smaller the residual error, the higher the accuracy. However, performance has an opposite behavior. The smaller the error, the larger the number of test cases needed. The results from experiments with image compression components are a clear indication that a reduction in the number of test cases can be achieved while maintaining reasonable accuracy when using the proposed approach.