cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Neurologic Insult on the Lower Urinary Tract

Neurologic disease is associated with a variety of complicated voiding dysfunction scenarios. Unfortunately, the specific disease is not predictive of the type of urinary dysfunction associated with that condition. This is especially true for some of the demyelinating diseases as well as diseases which have global central nervous system impact. The global therapy is preservation of continence reduction of urinary tract infection and most importantly reduction of storage pressures while maintaining social continence in individuals afflicted with neurogenic urinary dysfunction. Overall, neurogenic disease has a higher association of lower urinary tract disorder, most commonly incontinence; however, retention and mixed patterns also contribute substantively to the overall impact of these conditions on the lower urinary tract. Baseline assessment is critical as is longitudinal assessment for certain disease states. Quality-of-life preservation and management-associated morbidities also figure prominently in the management of these conditions.
Studies of dotted, a regulatory element in maize : I. Inductions of dotted by chromatid breaks II. Phase variation of dotted.

Dotted (Dt) is the regulatory element of a two-unit controlling system in maize. Dt causes the inherited change from the recessive a 1 (colorless) to its dominant allele, A 1 (anthocyanin production), during the development of the stalk, leaves, and endosperm. The mutation events are observed as sectors of color in an anthocyaninless background.One of the most puzzling, but perhaps significant, aspects of controlling elements in maize is that they originate in conjunction with chromosome or chromatid breaks. This fact invokes a requirement that either an existing regulatory mechanism is disturbed by the breakage or that a foreign element is incorporated before fusion of the broken chromatids.Experimental crosses were made between Dt tester stocks and a pollen parent, a large proportion of whose chromosomes 9 were undergoing the chromatid type of bridge-breakage-fusion cycle. New Dt's were induced in endosperm sectors of 250 of 154,422 kernels tested (1/600); among these, two germinal Dt's (Dt (crown) 4 and Dt 5) were recovered, presumably due to chromatid breaks during meiosis or the first microspore division. Dt 5 produces a mutation pattern very similar to the original Dt 1 and is located 0.33 crossover units away from the yg 2 locus. This is close to the known location of Dt 1 (7 crossover units distal to the yg 2 locus) and is suggestive of a specific site for Dt inductive breaks. Dt (crown) 4, on the other hand, is inherited independently of the yg 2 locus and does not support this contention. Dt (crown) 4 represents a new "state" causing a high concentration of fine dots in the crown of the kernel, with little or no dotting at the base.The phase variation of Dt (crown) 4 is discussed together with the tissue-dependent expression of Dt (in-ac) 1 (Dotted, inactive-active). Dt (in-ac) 1 is a new "state" of Dt 1 and shows inactive (no a 1 to A 1 mutations) and active (a 1 to A 1 mutations) phases in the endosperm, whereas it is only in the active phase in the diploid scutellum. The observed phase variation was shown to be a property of the regulatory elements, Dt, responding to differences in the cellular environment.
Diffusion MRI Reversibility in Ischemic Stroke Following Thrombolysis: A Meta-Analysis.

Background and purpose Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) detects early infarction in acute stroke. With the substantial progress in stroke therapies, the frequency of posttreatment DWI reversibility in modern stroke cohorts is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic literature review examining the relationship between characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke and DWI reversibility following treatment with lytic therapy. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, yielding a total of 422 unique articles. Studies that were nonclinical or did not report data pertaining to DWI reversibility in the context of an acute stroke series were excluded. Characteristics regarding presentation, diagnosis, intervention, and the timing of DWI reversibility were collected for each study. Results After full-text review, 10 studies were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. The number of patients with DWI reversal ranged from .9% to 50%, whereas the extent of reversal ranged from 1.8% to 72.7%. Studies reporting on younger patients describe greater rates of reversibility following stroke treatment. Conclusions These data suggest that early DWI signal may not represent the definitive DWI burden in recanalized populations. However, substantial heterogeneity exists regarding the rate of DWI reversal following recanalization. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the relationship among time to treatment, early reversal rates, and clinical outcomes. Physicians should use caution when basing clinical decisions on DWI lesion volumes, as these likely change to some degree with recanalization.
Space charge fields in azimuthally symmetric beams: Integrated Green's function approach

Electromagnetic fields induced by the space charge in relativistic beams play an important role in Accelerator Physics. They lead to emittance growth, slice energy change, and the microbunching instability. Typically, these effects are modeled numerically since simple description exists only in the limits of large- or small-scale current variations. In this paper we consider an axially symmetric charged beam inside a round pipe and find the solution of the space charge problem that is valid in the full range of current variations. We express the solution for the field components in terms of Green's functions, which are fully determined by just a single function. We then find that this function is an on-axis potential from a charged disk in a round pipe, with transverse charge density $\rho_\perp(r)$, and it has a compact analytical expression. We finally provide an integrated Green's function based approach for efficient numerical evaluation in the case when the transverse charge density stays the same along the beam.
Food, the State and the World Economy

The growing lilerature on the "internationalization" of agricultural and food systems has paid too little attention to the way in which the state itself not only sponsors this process, but is changed by it. ln most accounts of internationalization, the state (and state system) is taken as a given. This paper attempts to remedy this by offering a sketch of the world historical character of state-economy relations, across different periods of world capitalism. The goal is to stress that currently the transnationalization of the state is a key to the internationalization of agro-industrial food systems. ?Alimentos, el estado y la economia mundial Resumen La creciente literatura sobre la "internacionalizacion" de los sistemas agricola y alimentario ha prestado poca atencion a la manera como el Estado, no solo ha sido responsable de dicho proceso, sino que al mismo tiempo, tambien es cambiado por e. En la mayoria de las consideraciones sobre la internacionalizacion, el Estado (y el sistema estatal) se asume tal como este se presenta. Este trabajo analiza el caracter historico mundial de las relaciones Economia-Estado a traves de diferentes periodos del desarrollo capitalista. Su objetivo es resaltar que la actual transnacionalizacion del Estado es una clave de la internacionalizacion de los sistemas alimentarios agroindustriales.
Fatal Anaphylaxis: Epidemiology and Risk Factors

To provide clinicians with an understanding of risk factors associated with fatal anaphylaxis, and to promote individualized management plans with patients based upon key aspects of their clinical history. While anaphylaxis can affect a significant percentage of the general population, death from anaphylaxis remains a rare outcome. The presence of asthma and peanut or tree nut allergy is associated with higher risk for severe or fatal anaphylaxis from foods. Specific triggers (medications, venom), underlying comorbid conditions, age, and use of some medications can also impact risk and warrant different counseling and management strategies. Anaphylaxis is a rapidly progressive systemic reaction with multiple different causes and encompasses a wide degree of severity in clinical presentation and risk for future episodes. Individualized management, discussion of risk, and shared decision making should occur with each patient and in consideration of their personal risk factors.
Juggling a Devil-Stick: Hybrid Orbit Stabilization Using the Impulse Controlled Poincaré Map

The control design for juggling a devil-stick between two symmetric configurations is proposed. Impulsive forces are applied to the devil-stick at the two configurations; and impulse of the force and its point of application are modeled as the control inputs. The dynamics of the devil-stick is described by a single return Poincare map and it is shown that the control objective of juggling can be achieved by stabilizing a hybrid orbit. The impulse controlled Poincare map (ICPM) approach, recently proposed for stabilization of continuous-time orbits of underactuated systems, is extended to achieve asymptotic stabilization of the hybrid orbit. The applicability of the ICPM approach to devil-stick juggling is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Fairness, accountability, transparency in AI at scale: lessons from national programs

The panel aims to elucidate how different national govenmental programs are implementing accountability of machine learning systems in healthcare and how accountability is operationlized in different cultural settings in legislation, policy and deployment. We have representatives from three different govenments, UAE, Singapore and Maldives who will discuss what accountability of AI and machine learning means in their contexts and use cases. We hope to have a fruitful conversation around FAT ML as it is operationalized ccross cultures, national boundries and legislative constraints.
Nonautonomous Ordinary Differential Equations

The solutions of the autonomous ordinary differential equation $$ \dot{x} = f(x) $$ (1.1) (where ẋ stands for dx/dt) give rise to a semidynamical (even dynamical) system on IRd provided f: W → IRd is continuous on the open subset W ⊂ IRd and the solutions of Equation (1.1) through any point (x0,t0) ∈ W × IR are uniquely defined and remain in W for all time. In fact, if Φ(x0;t) denotes the solution of Equation (1.1) through (x0,0) evaluated at time t ∈ IR+, it can be verified that (W,Φ) is a semidynamical system.
Current and Prior Mental Health Treatment of Jail Inmates: The Use of the Jail as an Alternative Shelter

Changing policies in mental health and welfare are altering the character of urban jail populations. Homeless people, many of them ex–mental-hospital patients, occupy jail space in increasing numbers. They almost never commit violent crimes and seldom commit any real crime. They are given a charge and put in jail as a way to take them off the streets. The way in which official statistics are created and kept makes it difficult to demonstrate the nature and extent of this problem. This paper reports on one way this can be done.
Modeling multigrain parallelism on heterogeneous multi-core processors: a case study of the cell BE

Heterogeneous multi-core processors invest the most significant portion of their transistor budget in customized "accelerator" cores, while using a small number of conventional low-end cores for supplying computation to accelerators. To maximize performance on heterogeneous multi-core processors, programs need to expose multiple dimensions of parallelism simultaneously. Unfortunately, programming with multiple dimensions of parallelism is to date an ad hoc process, relying heavily on the intuition and skill of programmers. Formal techniques are needed to optimize multi-dimensional parallel program designs. We present a model of multi-dimensional parallel computation for steering the parallelization process on heterogeneous multi-core processors. The model predicts with high accuracy the execution time and scalability of a program using conventional processors and accelerators simultaneously. More specifically, the model reveals optimal degrees of multi-dimensional, task-level and data-level concurrency, to maximize performance across cores. We use the model to derive mappings of two full computational phylogenetics applications on a multi-processor based on the IBM Cell Broadband Engine.
The influence of metallurgy on the formation of welding aerosols

Recent research has indicated that insoluble ultrafine aerosols (i.e., particles whose physical diameters are less than 100 nm) may cause adverse health effects due to their small size, and that toxicological response may be more appropriately represented by particle number or particle surface area. Unfortunately, current exposure criteria and the associated air-sampling techniques are primarily mass-based. Welding processes are high-temperature operations that generate substantial number concentrations of ultrafine aerosols. Welding aerosols are formed primarily through the nucleation of metal vapors followed by competing growth mechanisms such as coagulation and condensation. Experimental results and mathematical tools are presented to illustrate how welding metallurgy influences the chemical aspects and dynamic processes that initiate and evolve the resultant aerosol. This research suggests that a fundamental understanding of metallurgy and aerosol physics can be exploited to suppress the formation of undesirable chemical species as well as the amount of aerosol generated during a welding process.
High-Output Heart Failure Caused by Thyrotoxicosis and Beriberi

High-output heart failure is not seen as commonly as low-output heart failure and some of the typical guideline recommendations may not benefit patients with high-output failure. High-output failure is caused by several diseases, including thyrotoxicosis and beriberi, highlighted in this article. Thyrotoxicosis, caused by excessive thyroid hormone production, has profound hemodynamic effects. Wet beriberi, affecting predominately the cardiovascular system, is caused by severe thiamine deficiency, most commonly seen in patients with chronic alcoholism or poor nutrition from other causes. Prompt recognition of these infrequently seen syndromes is essential. This article outlines the medical treatment and nursing care needed to return these patients to a normal state.
Isolation of Bacteriophage for Caryophanon latum

Bacteriophage which produce either clear or turbid center plaques have been isolated for native isolates of Caryophanon latum.
Life-long environmental enrichment differentially affects the mnemonic response to estrogen in young, middle-aged, and aged female mice.

Abstract The present study was designed to examine whether life-long exposure to standard or enriched housing affects the ability of estrogen to improve spatial and object memory throughout the lifespan. Three-week-old female mice were maintained in standard or enriched housing up to and through ovariectomy and behavioral testing at 5, 17, or 22 months of age. Spatial memory was tested in the Morris water maze and object memory was tested using an object recognition task. Immediately after training each day, mice were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or 0.2 mg/kg 17β-estradiol. Among young females, object recognition was enhanced by estradiol alone, an effect that was reduced by enrichment. In contrast, spatial water maze performance was impaired by estradiol alone, but improved by the combination of both estradiol and enrichment. At middle-age, object recognition was enhanced by estradiol or enrichment alone, and the combination of both treatments. Spatial memory in the water maze was also improved by both treatments at middle-age, but the beneficial effects of estradiol were limited to standard-housed females. Finally, whereas enrichment in aged females significantly enhanced performance in both tasks, estradiol had no effect at this age in either task. In total, the data indicate that life-long enrichment can significantly alter the extent to which estradiol affects memory in mice throughout the lifespan. Importantly, the interaction between these treatments is highly dependent on age and type of memory tested.
Signaling Credibility? The IMF and Catalytic Finance

IMF programs are thought to function as a seal of approval to international markets, though evidence suggests Fund programs do not attract capital inflows. Existing studies fail to address the effects of selection into IMF programs, which raises questions about the robustness of the findings. Correcting for selection bias, I find that states under Fund programs experience significant outflows of portfolio investment, which is a "most likely case" for catalytic effects. The source of this capital flight is the medicine (the Fund program), not the disease (the economic downturn necessitating the IMF program). I argue that austerity deters portfolio inflows through its effects on future returns. These findings confirm previous studies and have broader implications for both the influence of IMF programs and the politics of economic reform.
Liquid crystalline cyanobiphenyl homologues doped with gold nanoparticles

The following paper reviews our study of the dispersion of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in different homologues of cyanobiphenyl (CB) liquid crystals (nCB with n = 5, 6, 7). We show that doped GNPs dramatically affect the material, and consequently the display parameters and mesophase stability of these mainly room temperature nematics. We report several homologues at certain GNP percentages with their values a few times lower than that for pure nematics, switching voltages and times, and with a broader operational thermal range. These materials are good candidates for application in liquid crystal (LC) display devices. We show that the amount of carbon atoms n in the alkyl ‘tail’ of the homologues' constituent molecules and the concentration of dispersed GNPs critically affect the behaviour of the material parameters in the nanocomposites. We report a certain correlation of the material parameters behaviour with an odd−even−odd change in the number of CB homologues. We propose that the influence of GNPs on ...
DETERMINATION OF THE PION-NUCLEON SCATTERING AMPLITUDE FROM DISPERSION RELATIONS AND UNITARITY. GENERAL THEORY

A method is proposed for using relativistic dispersion relations, together with unitarity, to determine the pion-nucleon scattering amplitude. The usual dispersion relations by themselves are not sufficient, and we have to assume a representation which exhibits the analytic properties of the scattering amplitude as a function of the energy and the momentum transfer. Unitarity conditions for the two reactions $\ensuremath{\pi}+N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+N$ and $N+\overline{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\pi}$ will be required, and they will be approximated by neglecting states with more than two particles. The method makes use of an iteration procedure analogous to that used by Chew and Low for the corresponding problem in the static theory. One has to introduce two coupling constants; the pion-pion coupling constant can be found by fitting the sum of the threshold scattering lengths with experiment. It is hoped that this method avoids some of the formal difficulties of the Tamm-Dancoff and Bethe-Salpeter methods and, in particular, the existence of ghost states. The assumptions introduced are justified in perturbation theory.As an incidental result, we find the precise limits of the region for which the absorptive part of the scattering amplitude is an analytic function of the momentum transfer, and hence the boundaries of the region in which the partial-wave expansion is valid.
Young children's use of the speech code in a recall task☆

Abstract Electromyographic (EMG) and sound recordings were taken from 12 4- and 5-year-old males and females during a recall task in which they saw pictures whose names contained or did not contain labial phonemes. Subvocalization, suggested primarily by labial-nonlabial tracing discrepancies, occurred during picture presentation but not during a subsequent rehearsal period which preceded S s' oral recall. The relevance of these findings to mediational- and production-deficiency hypotheses in young children, the implications of implicit speech for short-term memory coding, and the use of EMG as a technique in the study of verbal mediation, are discussed.
Aggregation in the generalized transportation problem

Abstract We develop an a posteriori error bound on error induced by aggregating subsets of sources or sinks in generalized transportation problems. It is shown that the structure of the problem does not lend itself to the development of a priori error bounds as in ordinary transportation problems. These results can be useful to practitioners in solving large problems on commercial software.
Intramethod Variability in ReMi Dispersion Measurements and Vs Estimates at Shallow Bedrock Sites

The refraction microtremor (ReMi) method uses a linear array of receivers to record passive noise stress waves, thereby negating the need for a strong active source such as those typically employed in other linear-array surface-wave methods. The simplicity of such an approach is very appealing; however, there is a potential for significant uncertainty in shear-wave velocity (Vs) estimates obtained in this manner because much is unknown about the seismic wavefield that is being sampled. This article examines intramethod variability in ReMi dispersion measurements and Vs estimates at shallow bedrock sites. The focus is not on evaluating whether ReMi measurements yielded the “true” Vs profiles for the study sites, but rather on evaluating how the dispersion curves and Vs profiles at the sites were affected by variations in the seismic wavefield sampled by a linear array of receivers. It was found that changes in the sampled seismic wavefield, obtained through employing various array orientations at a site an...
Sequence-specific trapping of topoisomerase I by DNA binding polyamide-camptothecin conjugates.

Hairpin pyrrole−imidazole polyamides are synthetic ligands that bind in the minor groove of DNA with affinities and specificities comparable to those of DNA binding proteins. Three polyamide−camptothecin conjugates 1−3 with linkers varying in length between 7, 13, and 18 atoms were synthesized to trap the enzyme Topoisomerase I and induce cleavage at predetermined DNA sites. One of these, polyamide−camptothecin conjugate 3 at nanomolar concentration (50 nM) in the presence of Topo I (37 °C), induces DNA cleavage between three and four base pairs from the polyamide binding site in high yield (77%).
Kinetic studies on the stimulation of Na+-H+ exchange activity in renal brush border membranes isolated from thyroid hormone-treated rats.

Na+−H+ exchange activity in renal brush border membrane vesicles isolated from hyperthyroid rats was increased. When examined as a function of [Na+], treatment altered the initial rate of Na+ uptake by increasingVm (hyperthyroid, 18.9±1.1 nmol Na+ · mg−1 · 2 sec−1; normal, 8.9±0.3 nmol Na+ · mg−1 · 2 sec−1), and not the apparent affinityKNa+ (hyperthyroid, 7.3±1.7mm; normal, 6.5±0.9mm). When examined as a function of [H+] and at a subsaturating [Na+] (1mm), hyperthyroidism resulted in the proportional increase in Na+ uptake at every intravesicular pH measured. A positive cooperative effect on Na+ uptake was found with increased intravesicular acidity in vesicles from both normal and hyperthyroid rats. When the data were analyzed by the Hill equation, it was found that hyperthyroidism did not change then (hyperthyroid, 1.2±0.06; normal, 1.2±0.07) or the [H+]0.5 (hyperthyroid, 0.39±0.08 μm; normal, 0.44±0.07 μm) but increased the apparentVm (hyperthyroid, 1.68±0.14 nmol Na+ · mg−1 · 2 sec−1; normal 0.96±0.10 nmol Na+ · mg−1 · 2 sec−1). The uptake of Na+ in exchange for H+ in membrane vesicles from normal and hyperthyroid animals was not influenced by membrane potential. H+ translocation or debinding was rate limiting for Na+−H+ exchange since Na+−Na+ exchange activity was greater than Na+−H+ exchange activity. Hyperthyroidism caused a proportional increase and hypothyroidism caused a proportional decrease in Na+−Na+ and Na+−H+ exchange. We conclude that hyperthyroidism leads to either an increase in the number of functional exchangers in the membrane or exactly proportional increases in the rate-limiting steps for Na+−Na+ and Na+−H+ exchange activity.
Single-Polymer Dynamics in Steady Shear Flow

The conformational dynamics of individual, flexible polymers in steady shear flow were directly observed by the use of video fluorescence microscopy. The probability distribution for the molecular extension was determined as a function of shear rate, gamma;, for two different polymer relaxation times, tau. In contrast to the behavior in pure elongational flow, the average polymer extension in shear flow does not display a sharp coil-stretch transition. Large, aperiodic temporal fluctuations were observed, consistent with end-over-end tumbling of the molecule. The rate of these fluctuations (relative to the relaxation rate) increased as the Weissenberg number, gamma;tau, was increased.
Lernen am Phänomen

Science Center sollen die Naturwissenschaften und insbesondere die Physik erfahrbar machen, mit Phanomenen faszinieren und den Besucher selbst experimentieren lassen. Das Technorama im schweizerischen Winterthur war eines der ersten Science Center in Europa. Von hier einige Impressionen und Ideen.
Exercise-dependent regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in skeletal muscle and its importance for the neuromuscular system

The focus of this review is to highlight the importance of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for the motor nervous system. GDNF is the most potent survival factor for motor neurons, where it enhances maintenance and survival of both developing and mature motor neurons in vivo and in vitro. GDNF aids in neuromuscular junction formation, maintenance, and plasticity, where skeletal muscle-derived GDNF may be responsible for this phenomenon. Increased levels of physical activity can increase GDNF protein levels in skeletal muscle, where alterations in acetylcholine and acetylcholine receptor activation may be involved in regulation of these changes observed. With inactivity and disuse, GDNF expression shows different patterns of regulation in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Due to its potent effects for motor neurons, GDNF is being extensively studied in neuromuscular diseases.
New workers' compensation legislation: expected pharmaceutical cost savings.

Background California Workers' Compensation (WC) system costs are under review. With recently approved California State Assembly Bill (AB) 749 and Senate Bill (SB) 228, an assessment of proposed pharmaceutical cost savings is needed. Methods A large workers' compensation database provided by the California Workers' Compensation Institute (CWCI) and Medi-Cal pharmacy costs obtained from the State Drug Utilization Project are utilized to compare frequency, costs and savings to Workers' Compensation in 2002 with the new pharmacy legislation. Results Compared to the former California Workers' Compensation fee schedule, the newly implemented 100% Medi-Cal fee schedule will result in savings of 29.5% with a potential total pharmacy cost savings of $125 million. Further statistical analysis demonstrated that a large variability in savings across drugs could not be controlled with this drug pricing system. Conclusions Despite the large savings in pharmaceuticals, inconsistencies between the two pharmaceutical payment systems could lead to negative incentives and uncertainty for long-term savings. Proposed alternative pricing systems could be considered. However, pain management implemented along with other cost containment strategies could more effectively reduce overall drug spending in the workers' compensation system. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conjugate gradient method

The conjugate gradient (CG) method for optimization and equation solving is described, along with three principal families of algorithms derived from it. In each case, a foundational CG algorithm is formulated mathematically and followed by a brief discussion of refinements and variants within its family. The hierarchical nature of the subject matter is highlighted, because each foundational CG algorithm presented is a descendant of one earlier in the list from which it inherits fundamental algorithmic properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Political Dimensions of Pastoral Care in Community Disaster Responses

All caregiving takes place in multiple political contexts and assumes or actually furthers various political agendas, whether acknowledged or not. When strategically incorporated into pastoral and spiritual care, politically responsive actions may enhance the practice of care. When disaster strikes a community, ritual engagement of the larger public context provides a significant opportunity for pastoral caregivers to function as public pastoral theologians and to influence the corporate response to communal challenges. In these circumstances of community vulnerability, pastoral caregivers and communities of faith are positioned to provide spiritual care that combines solace and safety for the victims with guidance and shaping influence on the ritual practices and rhetorical interpretations called upon to assist the community to endure, respond, and heal. This article examines some central political aspects of the pastoral caregiver’s repertoire that might further a stricken community’s ritual and rhetorical resources necessary to sustain life, share loss, reclaim goodness, and rebuild for a strong future. Drawing upon a view of lamentation as a tri-partite process of sharing anguish, interrogating causes, and reinvesting in hope, I suggest how the spiritual and pastoral caregiver may collaboratively participate in a “disaster-response matrix” that organizes corporate responses to catastrophic disaster. This article pays particular attention to macro-, meso-, and micro-level political negotiations necessary to ensure respect for diversity and shared responsibility in creating rituals, memorials, and public narratives at the onset of disaster and in its aftermath over the generations. Illustrations from the experience of religious caregivers at Columbine, Hurricane Katrina, 9/11, Aurora, Newtown, and Boston are presented to guide pastoral engagement of civil society in disruptive times.
A locus control region in the T cell receptor α/δ locus

Abstract A locus control region (LCR) is a set of cis-acting elements that regulate chromatin accessibility of a gene locus. In the T cell receptor (TCR) a/8 locus, an LCR might regulate the differential tissue and developmental expression and the rearrangement of TCR α and S genes. We have localized a region 3′ of the TCR α/δ locus containing eight T cell-specific nuclease hypersensitive domains (HS-1 to HS-8), which fit the characteristics of an LCR. In transgenic mice, a TCR a gene linked to this region is expressed at a high level, independent of the site of integration and correlates with gene copy number. The transgene is expressed in the αβ but not the γδ T cell subset and is activated at the right time during development. Proper LCR function requires the region containing HS-2 to HS-6. We propose a model of LCR competition to explain the differential regulation of TCR a versus δ genes during development.
NETp1-04: "Dude, where' my Peer?"

Peer to peer (P2P) flows constitute a large portion of Internet traffic meandering through different ISP domains. Hence, it is of prime concern for ISPs to try and gauge the number of active P2P users and where they are located, both inside and outside their respective domains. An analysis of where P2P users are located in the Internet provides an insight into understanding which ISPs harbor a majority of P2P peers, which ones afford most transit to P2P flows, and possibly which ISPs should focus on anti-P2P policies the most. We observe an extremely skewed distribution, approximately 92 to 98% of P2P flows ending in tier 1 and tier 4 ISPs, and just 2 to 8% ending in tier 2 and 3 ISPs. We quantify the role of ISPs in allowing P2P flows to traverse through their domains and observe a similar skewed distribution wherein tier 1 and tier 4 ISPs contribute 92 to 95 % of all hops on most P2P flows. Moreover, we compare P2P traffic with http and Internet radio traces to uncover potential parameters to differentiate between these types of flows. We present detailed results based on active measurements taken over a 30 day period, spanning over half a million P2P flows, collected from measurements employing a number of popular P2P clients hosted inside two popular ISPs.
Vascular and morphologic changes in canine femora after uncemented hip arthroplasty.

The effects on femoral remodeling of medullary reaming and insertion of a porous endopros-thesis in uncemented hip arthroplasty (UHA) were measured. A unilateral hip hemiarthroplasty (HA) was performed in 12 dogs, with six dogs receiving full-sized and six dogs receiving undersized femoral endoprostheses. A prosthetic head and neck, or acetabular cup, was not implanted. A control group of six dogs underwent femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) only. All dogs were killed 4 weeks after the surgical procedure. Porosity, vascularity, and bone formation were quantified in each femur of the dogs that had been operated on and in each femur of two unoperated dogs. Full-sized did not differ from undersized HA bones in vascularity, porosity, or bone formation. Femurs in which hemiarthroplasties had been performed (full-sized and undersized) had a three-fold increase in porosity, vascularity, and bone formation compared to the contralateral and the FHNE femurs. Changes in porosity and vascularity were greatest (p < .05) at the metaphyseal level and in the medial and caudal quadrants. There was a strong correlation (R2 0.77 to 0.93, and p − .0001) between the increase in porosity and vascularity. These results support the hypothesis that medullary reaming followed by uncemented prosthetic stem implantation contribute to remodeling of the proximal portion of the femur after UHA.
How We Know Early Hadīth Critics Did Matn Criticism and Why It's So Hard to Find

Western scholars generally agree that early hadīth critics limited their authentication of hadīths to examining isnāds. The argument that these critics took the matn into account has relied on material of dubious reliability or on works produced after the formative period of the Sunni hadīth tradition. By providing examples of matn criticism from the 3rd/9th and 4th/10th centuries, I prove that Sunni hadīth critics did in fact engage in matn criticism; and I argue that these critics consciously manufactured the image of exclusive focus on the isnād in an effort to ward off attacks by rationalist opponents. By demonstrating a high correlation between the hadīths found in early books of transmitter criticism and those found in later books of forged hadīth with explicit matn criticism, I show that early critics engaged in matn criticism far more often than appears to have been the case, disguising this activity in the language of isnād criticism.
Unexpected assembly of a (μ-oxo)(μ-formato)diiron(III) complex from an aerobic methanolic solution of Fe(III) and the TPA ligand

Abstract Crystals of a (μ-oxo)(μ-formato)diiron(III) complex [Fe2(μ-O)(TPA)2(O2CH)](ClO4)3 (1) formed from a methanolic solution of Fe(ClO4)3 and the tetradentate tripodal ligand tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) in methanol when left standing for days under aerobic conditions, despite the fact that no formate ion had been added to the solution. Complex 1 was found to have UV—Vis and 1H NMR properties very similar to those of [Fe2(μ-O)(TPA)2(O2CCH3)](ClO4)3 (2), and its formula weight was corroborated by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Complex 1 crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21 (No. 4) with a = 11.693(3), b = 10.414(4), c = 18.144(6) A, and β = 93.98(3)°. The structure was determined at −84°C from 4464 out of a total of 6753 reflections with R = 0.058 and Rw = 0.068. The crystal structure confirmed the presence of a (μ-oxo)(μ-carboxylato)diiron(III) unit with distinct iron sites as found for 2. The formate bridge was shown to derive from the aerobic oxidation of methanol: 1 was not formed in the absence of air, and 2 was formed from the reaction carried out in ethanol solvent. Manometric measurements showed that the amount of dioxygen consumed was approximately stoichiometric to the combined amounts of formate found in 1 (80%) and formaldehyde (20%) found in the reaction mixture.
Thermodynamic dependence of DNA/DNA and DNA/RNA hybridization reactions on temperature and ionic strength

The thermodynamics of 5'-ATGCTGATGC-3' binding to its complementary DNA and RNA strands was determined in sodium phosphate buffer under varying conditions of temperature and salt concentration from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The Gibbs free energy change, DeltaG degrees of the DNA hybridization reactions increased by about 6 kJ mol(-1) from 20 degrees C to 37 degrees C and exhibited heat capacity changes of -1.42 +/- 0.09 kJ mol(-1) K(-1) for DNA/DNA and -0.87 +/- 0.05 kJ mol(-1) K(-1) for DNA/RNA. Values of DeltaG degrees decreased non-linearly by 3.5 kJ mol(-1) at 25 degrees C and 6.0 kJ mol(-1) at 37 degrees C with increase in the log of the sodium chloride concentration from 0.10 M to 1.0 M. A near-linear relationship was observed, however, between DeltaG degrees and the activity coefficient of the water component of the salt solutions. The thermodynamic parameters of the hybridization reaction along with the heat capacity changes were combined with thermodynamic contributions from the stacking to unstacking transitions of the single-stranded oligonucleotides from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, resulting in good agreement with extrapolation of the free energy changes to 37 degrees C from the melting transition at 56 degrees C.
Functional, pharmacologic, and ultrastructural correlates in degenerating rat motor nerve terminals.

Abstract Functional, pharmacologic, and ultrastructural correlates during Wallerian degeneration were sought in rat phrenic nerve terminals. Functional and pharmacologic responses were studied in vitro in paired denervated and innervated hemidiaphragms 14 to 22 h after unilateral phrenicotomy. Following this, the diaphragms were fixed for electron microscopic examination of junctional regions. A progressive loss of neurally evoked and isometrically recorded twitch tension fully defined the course of transmission failure in the junctional population. This time course concurs with that reported by others. The twitch method, by measuring the population response, discloses that structurally altered nerve terminals, at 16 h after denervation, are able to transmit. Total transmission failure at 22 h correlates with the disappearance of the nerve terminal structure and its replacement by the Schwann cell. Using edrophonium to test motor nerve terminal function, via the production of twitch potentiation, showed that loss of this pharmacologic response during degeneration paralleled the single twitch loss. Edrophonium testing further disclosed a slowed development of twitch potentiation. This pharmacologic abnormality appeared at the onset of transmission loss and is seen to signal motor nerve terminal dysfunction. This abnormality is also associated with the earliest changes in nerve terminal ultrastructure.
A hybrid genetic algorithm/mathematical programming approach to the multi-family flowshop scheduling problem with lot streaming

This paper presents a hybrid genetic algorithm/mathematical programming heuristic for the n-job, m-machine flowshop problems with lot streaming. The number of sublots for each job and the size of sublots are directly addressed by the heuristic and setups may be sequence-dependent. A new aspect of the problem, the interleaving of sublots from different jobs in the processing sequence, is developed and addressed. Computational results from 12 randomly generated test sets of 24 problems each are presented.
Identification of the capacitating agent for bovine sperm in egg yolk-TEST semen extender.

Abstract Bovine sperm can be capacitated in egg yolk-TEST buffer. To determine what constituent of the buffer was responsible, ejaculated semen was diluted 1:10 at 37°C with the following 20% egg yolk (vol/vol)-containing buffers: TES-Tris, TES-tetramethylammonium hydroxide, taurine-Tris, citric acid-Tris, citrate, egg yolk salts, egg yolk proteins Tris, and citrate-taurine. Buffers were pH 7.6 and 321 to 325 mOsmol/kg. Extended semen was cooled slowly to 4°C and stored 8h. Sperm taken at 0 and 8h were washed in pH 7.6 bovine serum albumin-saline and assessed for motility and capacitation using zona-free hamster eggs. Sperm motilities at 0 and 8h were similar (60 to 73%) in all extenders except citric acid-Tris (54%) and egg yolk proteins Tris (15%). Bull sperm, stored 8h in egg yolk-TEST, became capacitated. Because sperm storage in egg yolk-citrate did not result in penetration, both egg yolk and citrate were ruled out as capacitating agents. Capacitating activity resided in the TES and Tris molecules. The TES molecule contains a Tris component and this capacitated bull sperm. The TES molecule also contains a taurine component. However, taurine was not a capacitating agent for bull sperm. In conclusion, both TES- and Tris-containing buffers, alone or together (TEST), were equally effective in capacitating bull sperm.
Male Peer Support, Hunting, and Separation/Divorce Sexual Assault in Rural Ohio

Male peer support is one of the most powerful determinants of woman abuse across the globe. Still, key gaps remain in rural male peer support literature, such as overlooking the importance of hunting as a public male-bonding ritual that serves to reinforce abusive behaviors against women in private settings. The main objective of this article is to present findings from an exploratory, qualitative, back-talk study of twelve women’s experiences of separation/divorce sexual assault in rural Ohio. The results reveal a relationship between rural hunting subculture dynamics and core elements of male peer support (i.e. frequent drinking with male friends, informational support, attachment to abusive peers, and patriarchal masculine identity). Male peer support in hunting subcultures coupled with the availability and access to ‘legitimate’ weapons creates a fertile breeding ground for woman abuse in some rural communities.
Euthanasia and the active-passive distinction.

KIE: The author examines various claimed differences between active and passive euthanasia and, if there are differences, whether they are morally significant. He refutes arguments based on acting vs. not acting, intention, double effect, cause of death, and natural law theory. Reichenbach proposes that the most helpful distinction is the one between intentional killing (active euthanasia) and appropriate treatment for the dying or terminally ill (passive euthanasia). Significant moral difference, however, rests on the contention that intentional killing is always wrong and that, all else being equal, dying by natural means is intrinsically good, whereas dying by unnatural means is not.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Nelfinavir During the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy and Postpartum

AbstractPurpose: Evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of nelfinavir during pregnancy and postpartum in HIV-infected women. Methods: Phase IV, non-randomized, open-label study of nelfinavir 625 mg tablets (1250 mg) in combination with lamivudine/zidovudine twice daily. Primary endpoint was treatment-related or possibly treatment-related gastrointestinal or hepatic adverse events (AEs). Selected maternal and infant outcomes were recorded. Frequent plasma samples were collected for PK studies during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, and 6 weeks postpartum, to analyze total and free nelfinavir and M8 concentrations. Results: Sixteen HIV+ pregnant women were enrolled. Six mild treatment-related AEs and 3 serious AEs occurred; 1 serious AE (elevated AST) met the primary endpoint. Compared with 6 weeks postpartum, levels of total nelfinavir were reduced by 44% and 46%, total M8 by 82% and 83%, free nelfinavir by 48% and 39%, and free M8 by 83% and 79% in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively...
Effect of temperature on the strength and fatigue behaviour of optical fibres

The fatigue behaviour of a polymer-coated fibre and a silicon oxynitride-coated fibre was measured in water between 25 and 90° C by the dynamic fatigue test technique where strength is measured as a function of stressing rate. The results are analysed in terms of stress corrosion theory. It was found that the silicon oxynitride coating reduced fatigue significantly, but caused a large reduction in strength of the fibre. The implications of these results to the design of optical fibre communication cables, where a high reliability must be assured, is discussed.
Expression, purification and characterization of the human membrane transporter protein OATP2B1 from Sf9 insect cells.

Abstract OATP2B1 is an important member of the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) family and is implicated in the intestinal and hepatic disposition of endo- and xenobiotics. The purpose of this work was to produce a highly purified protein for use as a reference standard for quantification of OATP2B1 in human tissue and in vitro assay systems. Here, we report the successful expression, purification and characterization of OATP2B1 in a heterologous expression system. Protein expressed by the Sf9 -baculovirus expression system is functionally active as demonstrated by saturable uptake kinetics with a K m of 5.9 ± 0.76 μM for estrone-3-sulfate. OATP2B1 was extracted from Sf9 -membranes with ABS-14-4 detergent and purified using a one-step FLAG-tag purification method. Yield of OATP2B1 from Sf9 cells was 1.1 mg per liter of culture, for a final recovery of 1.8%. SDS–PAGE resolution and Western blot of purified protein displayed multiple banding of OATP2B1-specific protein, which was thoroughly investigated to confirm homogeneity of the sample. C-terminal FLAG-tag purification and immunoblot detection, together with N-terminal sequencing, confirmed the presence of only full-length protein. Treatment with endoglycosidases had little effect on the migration pattern in SDS–PAGE, suggesting that multiple banding was not due to different glycosylation states of the protein. Amino acid analysis further confirmed the homogeneity of the protein with a calculated extinction coefficient of 80,387 cm −1 M −1 . Physical, biochemical and functional characterization show that purified human OATP2B1 is pure, homogeneous and appropriate for use as a standard to quantitate expression of OATP2B1 in in vitro systems and tissue samples.
Diagnosis and Management of Viral Retinitis in the Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome

(1995). Diagnosis and Management of Viral Retinitis in the Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome. Seminars in Ophthalmology: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 28-41.