cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small Composite Designs

Small second-order composite designs were suggested by Hartley (1959). Westlake (1965) provided even smaller designs for k = 5, 7, and 9 factors, for which intricate construction methods were needed. Here, simple designs formed using Plackett and Burman (1946) designs are offered for k = 5,7, and 9. Designs with one run fewer than Westlake's for k = 5 and 7 and three fewer for k = 9 are feasible by deleting repeat points that occur in some of the designs.
Non-uniqueness in cylindrical shells optimization

Cylindrical shells are widely used in many structural designs, such as offshore structures, liquid storage tanks, submarine hulls, and airplane hulls. During the optimization process of cylindrical shells, one is faced with a set of very unique challenges. Unlike that of simpler structures such as beams or plates, the modal spectrum of cylindrical shell exhibits very unique characteristics. Mode crossing, uniqueness modal spectrum, and redundancy of modal constraints are just a few of the unique attributes faced during the optimization process. In cylindrical shells, the lowest natural frequency is not necessarily associated with the lowest wave index. In fact, the natural frequencies do not fall in ascending order of the wave index either. Solution of the vibration problem of cylindrical shells also indicates repeated natural frequencies. These modes are referred to as double peak frequencies. Mode shapes associated with each one of the natural frequencies are usually a combination of (i) radial (flexural), (ii) longitudinal (axial), and (iii) circumferential (torsional) modes. When a uniform shell is segmented longitudinally along its axis, the thickness optimization of the segment thicknesses will yield in a segmented shell with varying thickness segments. In this paper, the non-uniqueness in optimum design of cylindrical shells for vibration requirements is presented, and its implications are discussed. Related issues such as the new mode sequence, mode crossing, repeated natural frequencies and stationary modes are also discussed. The numerical results were compared with those obtained analytically. The analytical expressions for the equations of motion for segmented circular cylindrical shells are derived using Donnell-Mushtari. The eigenvalue problem of the analytical solution is then solved using a MATLAB program script to predict the natural frequencies and strain energy distribution for the various mode shapes in the modal spectrum.
Importance of olfaction to suppression of attack response through conditioned taste aversion in the grasshopper mouse.

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) normally fails to stop an attack by the grasshopper mouse toward a live house cricket. This study examined the effect that an increase in the prominence of the prey's odor had on the inhibition to attack through CTA. In one experiment, the prominence of the cricket's odor was increased by masking the sounds of the prey's movements with a white-noise background. An attack was inhibited but the inhibition lasted only a day. Another approach was to coat a live cricket with an almond extract. In this situation CTA again inhibited an attack but the effect lasted a day or two. A comparison of the mouse's response toward live and buried almond-coated crickets after toxicosis showed that the aversion toward the almond odor had developed but that in the presence of stimuli associated with the prey's movements, the attack response overrode the aversion to the odor. Reasons why CTA only weakly inhibited the attack response in the grasshopper mouse were discussed.
Process-Embedded Data Integrity

Despite the established theory and the history of the practical use of integrity rules, data quality problems, which should be solvable using data integrity rules, persist in organizations. One effective mechanism to solve this problem is to embed data integrity in a continuous data quality improvement process. The result is an iterative data quality improvement process as data integrity rules are defined, violations of these rules are measured and analyzed, and then the rules are redefined to reflect the dynamic and global context of business process changes. Using action research, we study a global manufacturing company that applied these ideas for improving data quality as it built a global data warehouse. This research merges data integrity theory with management theories about quality improvement using a data quality lens, and it demonstrates the usefulness of the combined theory for data quality improvement.
Sleep deprivation and dating aggression perpetration in female college students: the moderating roles of trait aggression, victimization by partner, and alcohol use

Dating aggression, whether it is physical or psychological, is a major social concern. The background-situational model is highly predictive of dating aggression, but it lacks consideration of biopsychosocial processes. Sleep was investigated as one such process. A sample of 108 university undergraduate women completed objective (actigraphy) and subjective measures of sleep quality as well as self-reports of dating and trait aggression. Indicators of sleep deprivation were associated with greater frequency of dating aggression perpetration. Associations were especially strong when trait aggression and victimization by the partner were higher. Contrary to hypotheses, alcohol consumption did not significantly moderate the relation between sleep and women’s aggression perpetration. Less sleep was associated with women’s more frequent aggression toward their partners, perhaps because sleep deprivation causes difficulties with emotion regulation.
Thermochemical studies on red and yellow orthorhombic and on red hexagonal mercuric oxide

The enthalpies of formation of several forms of HgO(s) were compared by measuring the enthalpies of reaction of HgO(s) with aqueous HCl at selected reference conditions. HgO(red, orthorhombic) was dissolved in excess aqueous HClO4, and the results were corrected to standard state conditions with the aid of an enthalpy-of-dilution study on the product mixture, to give ΔHo(298.15 K) = −(5935 ± 40) calth mol−1 for the process HgO(red, orthorhombic) + 2H+(aq) = Hg2+(aq) + H2O(1). The standard enthalpies of formation of the oxides and of Hg2+(aq) have been evaluated, and the standard Gibbs energies of formation and entropies have been reviewed and coordinated with the results of this study.
Membrane Filtration of Fresh Water

MEMBRANE filtration is widely used as a standard procedure in treating water samples before they are subjected to chemical analysis. Acceptance of this procedure involves the implicit assumption that filtration separates the raw water into well defined fractions; this belief is, however, only partly correct. In fact, membrane filtration separates the solid phase (particulate matter: detritus, plankton) from the liquid phase (water with the solutes), with distribution of colloidal matter between these major fractions. An undefined part of the colloids is retained with the solids on the filters, chiefly as a result of electrostatic forces; the remaining part of the colloids accompanies the liquid phase1. Colloid retention by the filter is evidenced by the colouring of the filters even when no plankton is present, and by the observation that filtration of a specified volume of water is often difficult to perform, even in the case of samples containing hardly any planktonic organisms or detritus2.
Chronic ruminative vomiting: a comparison of four treatment procedures.

An experimental analysis of a case of chronic ruminative vomiting in a 15-year-old, profoundly retarded, Down's syndrome boy addressed the consequences of vomiting in the postmealtime environment. The experiment compared four treatments in each hour-long session using a multiple reinforcement schedule with order of the following procedures counterbalanced over days in a Latin square design: (a) differential reinforcement of any behaviors other than vomiting (DRO) in which periods of no vomiting were followed by reinforcement and vomiting postponed reinforcement; (b) differential reinforcement of specific behaviors alternative to vomiting (DRI) in which conjoint periods of no vomiting and sustained toy play were followed by reinforcement and the lack of either postponed reinforcement; (c) extinction plus reinforcement of alternative behavior in which vomiting was ignored but toy play was reinforced; (d) extinction in which vomiting was ignored. Data revealed an orderly dual cyclical pattern of vomiting throughout the day, with increased vomiting in the morning and immediately following food ingestion. Postluncheon treatments emphasizing reinforcement of alternative behavior were more successful in decreasing vomiting than DRO or extinction alone.
A model for micellar emulsions

Abstract A model is presented whereby oil external micellar emulsions (microemulsions) are treated as systems of swollen aqueous micelles in which Laplace and osmotic pressures are balanced. The model accounts for several of the features of these systems, and, in particular, for the ability of a micellar emulsion phase to be in equilibrium with an external aqueous electrolyte phase. The importance of obtaining equilibrium distribution data is stressed.
Studies on the Anticoagulant Properties of Chlorazol Fast Pink (Benzo Fast Pink 2BL)

AbstractChlorazol fast pink is representative of a group of azo dyes that are anticoagulant both in vitro and in vivo. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml, it completely inhibited the thrombin time, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time of human plasma, and the thrombin time and Reptilase time of purified human fibrinogen. Among modes of action considered, it was found to inhibit the cleavage of fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen, and the augmentation of the coagulant action of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) by thrombin. It did not retard the aggregation of fibrin monomers, but the clots that formed were fragmentary. Clot formation returned to normal after removal of all but tightly bound dye from fibrinogen and thrombin. This and similar experiments suggested that the dye interfered reversibly with the interaction of thrombin and fibrinogen to a degree that accounted for much of its anticoagulant activity. The studies suggest that chlorazol fast pink may be an unusual tool for clarifyin...
PARENTAL AND SIBLING MIGRATION AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG RURAL CHILDREN IN CHINA

This study examines the associations between parental and sibling rural-to-urban migration and blood pressure (BP) of rural left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Analysis was based on the 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 waves of longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which is an ongoing prospective survey covering nine provinces with an individual-level response rate of 88%. Blood pressure levels were measured by trained examiners at three consecutive times on the same visit and the means of three measurements were used as the final BP values. An ordinal BP measure was then created using a recently validated age–sex-specified distribution for Chinese children and adolescents, distinguishing normal BP, pre-hypertension and hypertension. Random effect modelling was performed. Different migration circumstances play different roles in LBC's BP with mother-only and both-parent migration being particularly detrimental and father-only and sibling-only migration either having no association or a negative association with LBC's BP levels or odds of high BP. In conclusion, the link between family migration and left-behind children's blood pressure is complex, and depends on who is the person out-migrating.
The science of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers

Background: The use of injectable materials for soft‐tissue augmentation has been increasing in the United States, reflecting the introduction of new hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based dermal fillers. HA d...
Pulse Morphology Visualization and Analysis With Applications in Cardiovascular Pressure Signals

We present a new analysis and visualization method for studying the functional relationship between the pulse morphology of pressure signals and time or signal metrics such as heart rate, pulse pressure, and means of pressure signals, such as arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure. The pulse morphology is known to contain potentially useful clinical information, but it is difficult to study in the time domain without the aid of a tool such as the method we present here. The primary components of the method are established signal processing techniques, nonparametric regression, and an automatic beat detection algorithm. Some of the insights that can be gained from this are demonstrated through the analysis of intracranial pressure signals acquired from patients with traumatic brain injuries. The analysis indicates the point of transition from low-pressure morphology consisting of three distinct peaks to a high-pressure morphology consisting of a single peak. In addition, we demonstrate how the analysis can reveal distinctions in the relationship between morphology and several signal metrics for different patients.
The myth of standardized workflow in primary care

Objective Primary care efficiency and quality are essential for the nation’s health. The demands on primary care physicians (PCPs) are increasing as healthcare becomes more complex. A more complete understanding of PCP workflow variation is needed to guide future healthcare redesigns. Methods This analysis evaluates workflow variation in terms of the sequence of tasks performed during patient visits. Two patient visits from 10 PCPs from 10 different United States Midwestern primary care clinics were analyzed to determine physician workflow. Tasks and the progressive sequence of those tasks were observed, documented, and coded by task category using a PCP task list. Variations in the sequence and prevalence of tasks at each stage of the primary care visit were assessed considering the physician, the patient, the visit’s progression, and the presence of an electronic health record (EHR) at the clinic. Results PCP workflow during patient visits varies significantly, even for an individual physician, with no single or even common workflow pattern being present. The prevalence of specific tasks shifts significantly as primary care visits progress to their conclusion but, notably, PCPs collect patient information throughout the visit. Discussion PCP workflows were unpredictable during face-to-face patient visits. Workflow emerges as the result of a “dance” between physician and patient as their separate agendas are addressed, a side effect of patient-centered practice. Conclusions Future healthcare redesigns should support a wide variety of task sequences to deliver high-quality primary care. The development of tools such as electronic health records must be based on the realities of primary care visits if they are to successfully support a PCP’s mental and physical work, resulting in effective, safe, and efficient primary care.
Rare Earth, Major, and Trace Element Geochemistry of Surface and Geothermal Waters from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, North Island New Zealand

Geothermal fluids, surface water, and sediments were collected from the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) on the North Island of New Zealand. This region is characterized by hydrothermal activity with groundwaters feeding Lake Taupo, Waikato River, and the Wairakei and Wai-O-tapu hydrothermal fields of Rotorua. pH values ranged from near neutral (6.5–7.2) to alkaline (7.3–8.5). Surface water temperatures were between 15–16°C, while geothermal fluid temperatures ranged between 22 and 90°C. The major element chemistry of these waters describes the sample populations as geothermal and rhyolitic-sourced with some samples representing a mixture of these end-members. Using the rare earth element (REE) composition of the geothermal and surface waters, the competitive influences of mixing and water-rock interactions on fractionation were explored. Comparison of the REE composition of geothermal fluids, surface water, and sediments/ precipitates, indicate that temperature has a strong effect on REE fractionation in the sampled fluids. Eu- and Ce-anomalies (Eu/Eu*, Ce/Ce*) are visible in several samples and are related both to the inheritance of Eu and Ce abundances from geologic host materials and fractionation of these elements during water-rock interactions. These two anomalies are inversely related in the waters and sediments with sediments showing a positive relationship between Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce* and waters showing an equally significant negative correlation between these two variables. The unique relationships between the Eu- and Ce- anomalies are indicative of the chemistry of the fluids and the nature of their interaction with the aquifer material such that precipitation of material during cooling led to the development of negative Eu-anomalies under reducing conditions. The REE, trace element and major element data demonstrate that competitive processes, including water-rock interaction at depth with aquifer wall-rock, differential leaching of REE from mineral phases and precipitation of secondary minerals from geothermal fluids result in highly evolved fluids discharging into the surface waters of the TVZ.
TAMOXIFEN AS TREATMENT FOR GYNECOMASTIA AND MASTODYNIA RESULTING FROM HORMONAL DEPRIVATION

The standard care for patients with metastatic disease or inoperable prostate cancer is orchiectomy or the administration of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists with or without an antiandrogen. With the use of leuprolide the reported incidence of gynecomastia and breast pain has ranged from 3 to 12.7%.lS2 Mastodynia in women has been treated with local support, dietary changes (low salt diets, vitamins and so forth) and/or hormonal manipulation. Fentimen et al reported a trial using 20 mg. tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor blocker, and com1 pared it to placebo for the treatment of ma~todynia.~ They obtained a 71% success rate with tamoxifen compared to 29% with placebo. This same group showed that 10 mg. could be as effective as 20 mg. tamoxifen with less side effects. Thus, it seems that 10 or 20 mg. tamoxifen may be used for the treatment of mastodynia. Some of the side effects reported are nausea, malaise, urticaria, alopecia, weight gain, depression, hot flashes, liver enzyme changes and irritability. We decided to try tamoxifen for the treatment of gynecomastia and breast pain in men with prostate cancer during androgen deprivation. A decrease and/or resolution of gynecomastia and/or pain was considered a good response to treatment. CASE REPORTS
Bright-Field and Fluorescence Microscopic Study of Development of Erysiphe polygoni in Susceptible and Resistant Bigleaf Hydrangea

Temporal development of Erysiphe polygoni and responses of bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) to the fungal attack were investigated using bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. Conidia germinated 2 h after inoculation (HAI) and formed primary appressoria at the tip of the primary germ tubes within 4 HAI. Secondary germ tubes were initiated from primary appressoria or other parts of conidia 12 HAI. Hyphae developed through elongation of secondary germ tubes, and paired lateral appressoria were formed along hyphae within 2 days after inoculation (DAI). Conidiophores and conidia were formed 5 DAI. In the susceptible cultivar Nikko Blue and the resistant cultivar Veitchii, the fungus established a parasitic relationship, which was indicated by the formation of haustoria under primary appressoria and development of secondary germ tubes at 1 DAI. A hypersensitive response (HR) and accumulation of callose were detected in both resistant and susceptible cultivars at 3 DAI. Resistance to powdery mildew in Veitchii was evident by manifestation of early accumulation of callose, relatively high percentage of necrotic infected cells, and restricted colony development compared to the susceptible cultivar Nikko Blue. Restricting hyphal growth and sporulation by early response of callose accumulation and HR are important resistance mechanisms that could be used in screening hydrangeas for resistance to powdery mildew.
Building multicast services from unicast forwarding and ephemeral state

We present an approach to building multicast services at the network layer using unicast forwarding and two additional building blocks: ephemeral state probes, i.e. extremely lightweight distributed computations based on a time-bounded associative memory; and the ability to inject or enable packet processing functions that modify router behavior in a very limited way. In our approach, senders and receivers use ephemeral state probes to determine where to inject functionality. A special function that duplicates packets matching a particular pattern and forwards them to a specific destination is then instantiated at the desired network location. Our approach eliminates the need for sophisticated multicast routing protocols and gives the end-systems control over the multicast service, allowing the application to tailor the service to its needs. At the same time, our approach creates efficient forwarding paths by using ephemeral state probes to determine (only) the relevant aspects of the network and group topology. We present two multicast implementations: one builds a multicast tree with centralized control, another provides the traditional IP multicast abstraction. Both implementations can be done in a simple and scalable manner with minimal added functionality in the routers beyond unicast forwarding.
A Model of Strongly Forced Wind Waves

Abstract A model of surface waves generated on deep water by strong winds is proposed. A two-layer approximation is adopted, in which a shallow turbulent layer overlies the lower, infinitely deep layer. The dynamics of the upper layer, which is directly exposed to the wind, are nonlinear and coupled to the linear dynamics in the deep fluid. The authors demonstrate that in such a system there exist steady wave solutions characterized by confined regions of wave breaking alternating with relatively long intervals where the wave profiles change monotonically. In the former regions the flow is decelerated; in the latter it is accelerated. The regions of breaking are akin to hydraulic jumps of finite width necessary to join the smooth “interior” flows and have periodic waves. In contrast to classical hydraulic jumps, the strongly forced waves lose both energy and momentum across the jumps. The flow in the upper layer is driven by the balance between the wind stress at the surface, the turbulent drag applied at...
Les inhibiteurs de farnésyl transférase: une cible peut en cacher une autre

L’observation selon laquelle la farnesylation est une modification post-traductionnelle necessaire au pouvoir transformant de l’oncogene ras a conduit a la conception d’inhibiteurs de farnesyl transferase (FTI) afin de controler la croissance des tumeurs presentant des mutations de ras. Des etudes precliniques sur des modeles murins ont precise l’effet inhibiteur sur la transformation tumorale et ont permis le developpement clinique des FTI. Les etudes recentes de phases I et II confirment leur potentiel anti-tumoral et leur faible toxicite. Paradoxalement, alors que l’interet des FTI se precise au niveau clinique, le support moleculaire de leur activite biologique reste encore a definir. En effet, il est maintenant clair que Ras n’est pas la cible unique de l’effet anti-transformant des FTI et que d’autres proteines farnesylees, telle que RhoB, pourraient intervenir. Il reste donc a caracteriser ces proteines, ce qui permettrait a la fois de completer nos connaissances de l’oncogenese et de definir les parametres pharmacodynamiques de le clinique des FTI.
Palladium catalysed C-8 allylation and vinylation of adenosine 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine nucleosides

Abstract Using a coupling reaction between 8-iodo derivatives of O-TBDMS protected adenosine, 2′deoxyadenosine, 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine and either vinyltributyltin or allyltributyltin with Pd(PPh 3 )4 catalysis, the corresponding 8-substituted nucleosides were obtained in excellent yields.
Protocol for the measurement of fatty acid and glycerol turnover in vivo in baboons.

Recognition of the strength of nonhuman primate models in investigating metabolic disorders has resulted in an expanded need for in vivo research techniques. We studied adipose metabolism in 10 baboons (13.0 ± 4.2 years old, 29.5 ± 5.5 kg). Part 1 evaluated the effect of different sedatives on the rate of appearance of plasma free fatty acids (RaFFA), assessed using 13C4-labeled palmitate infusion (7 µmol/kg/min). Animals, were studied with no sedation, with complete isoflurane sedation, and with minimal midazolam infusion (0.04 mg/kg/h), with the last scheme allowing for the most consistent values and animals that were visually more calm. In Part 2, RaFFA and RaGlycerol (D5-glycerol, 5 mg/kg lean body mass/h) were measured. From midnight to 0300, flux fell and came to a steady state between 0500 and 0700 h (RaFFA, 39.4 ± 29.8 μmol/kg fat mass/min; and RaGlycerol, 26.9 ± 7.3 μmol/kg/min). The RaFFA-to-RaGlycerol ratio was 1.5 ± 0.8 (49% reesterification). The decline in turnover throughout the night reflects natural circadian processes and was mirrored by reductions in FFA and glycerol to 0.62 and ± 0.14 and 0.16 and ± 0.03 mmol/l, respectively. The concurrent changes in both FFA and glycerol kinetics indicate physiologic validity of the method. These techniques will support needed research to determine mechanisms by which treatments act upon the adipocyte in vivo.
Mitochondrial uncoupling does not decrease reactive oxygen species production after ischemia-reperfusion

Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) leads to myocardial dysfunction by increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial H(+) leak decreases ROS formation; it has been postulated that increasing H(+) leak may be a mechanism of decreasing ROS production after IR. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) decreases ROS formation after IR, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesize that pharmacologically increasing mitochondrial H(+) leak would decrease ROS production after IR. We further hypothesize that IPC would be associated with an increase in the rate of H(+) leak. Isolated male Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were subjected to either control or IPC. Mitochondria were isolated at end equilibration, end ischemia, and end reperfusion. Mitochondrial membrane potential (mΔΨ) was measured using a tetraphenylphosphonium electrode. Mitochondrial uncoupling was achieved by adding increasing concentrations of FCCP. Mitochondrial ROS production was measured by fluorometry using Amplex-Red. Pyridine dinucleotide levels were measured using HPLC. Before IR, increasing H(+) leak decreased mitochondrial ROS production. After IR, ROS production was not affected by increasing H(+) leak. H(+) leak increased at end ischemia in control mitochondria. IPC mitochondria showed no change in the rate of H(+) leak throughout IR. NADPH levels decreased after IR in both IPC and control mitochondria while NADH increased. Pharmacologically, increasing H(+) leak is not a method of decreasing ROS production after IR. Replenishing the NADPH pool may be a means of scavenging the excess ROS thereby attenuating oxidative damage after IR.
Terminal electrocardiographic patterns in experimental anoxia, coronary occlusion, and hemorrhagic shock.

Abstract Electrocardiographic records of dog hearts at the stage of termination of effective pumping in experiments upon generalized anoxia, coronary occlusion, and hemorrhagic shock have been collected and studied. In nineteen general anoxia experiments from which terminal electrocardiograms are available, pacemaker stoppage or cessation of A-V conduction was the first gross manifestation of cardiac failure detectable in electrocardiograms in each case except one. Ventricular fibrillation occurred prior to stoppage in one. Of these nineteen animals, there were twelve with intact chests and seven with chests open for study upon the heart muscle. In a larger series of anoxic dogs with open chests and direct observation of the heart, making a total of more than sixty animals, there have been no further deaths by ventricular fibrillation, all hearts having stopped via pacemaker and conduction failure. The frequency with which pacemaker failure preceded conduction failure, and vice versa, was approximately equal in the nineteen experiments with terminal records. In occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery there were twenty-five fibrillations during fifty occlusion trials, and four additional fibrillations upon releases of the occluding clamp. Fibrillation occurred, therefore, in fifty per cent of the occlusions, or fifty-eight per cent of trials if fibrillations upon release are included. In nine hemorrhagic shock experiments seven hearts failed by pacemaker stoppage, another probably did also, and one stopped via ventricular fibrillation. The experimental conditions which produce a gradual overall diminution in the functional capacity of the cardiac tissues without predisposition to ectopic ventricular systoles produced failure of the pacemaker or of A-V conduction, but very rarely induced ventricular fibrillation. The experimental condition (coronary occlusion) which predisposes to trains of ectopic ventricular systoles produced a high percentage of ventricular fibrillations. The reasons are discussed. Observations in a few representative clinical papers are reviewed and compared with the experimental observations. Considerable agreement with the experimental patterns and with the conclusion stated in the preceding paragraph was found.
A depositional model of the Antelope coal field, Powder River basin, Wyoming

ABSTRACT The Anderson and Canyon coal seams are the main seams at the Antelope coal field in the south-central Powder River Basin. Each seam splits into multiple and thinner coal seams to the southwest in the study area. The strata underlying the Canyon coal seam suggest that the area of the Antelope coal field was a poorly drained swamp that developed into a well-drained swamp with minor small channels. The area further changed to a poorly drained swamp which initiated peat accumulation in the Canyon coal swamp. The lithologies, sedimentary structures, and isopach maps of the Canyon seam partings indicate that crevasse splaying, lacustrine conditions, and small crevasse-channel development produced the observed splits in the Canyon coal seam. Distal overbank deposits occur at the top of the C nyon seam and at the base of the Anderson seam; well-drained swamp deposits and crevasse splay, lake, lacustrine delta, and small channel-fill deposits occur between the coal seams. The Anderson coal seam represents another development of a poorly drained swamp where peat accumulation was significant. The rocks overlying the Anderson seam represent a combination of the environments mentioned above, with deposits from lakes and well-drained swamp environments dominating. The coal-beating sediments were deposited in paludal and tributary subsystems along the northern margin of the Wright delta. Deposition of the Canyon and Anderson coal seams and associated parting lithologies may have occurred when a river system or parts of that system underwent anastomosis. The coal swamp in which the Anderson seam was deposited was destroyed when the anastomosed character of the river system ended or the anastomosed river system shifted westward. This may reflect a relative change in the rate of subsidence within the basin.
Investigations into the incorporation of the Ideal Binary Mask in ASR

While much work has been dedicated to exploring how best to incorporate the Ideal Binary Mask (IBM) in automatic speech recognition (ASR) for noisy signals, we demonstrate that the simple use of masked speech can outperform standard spectral reconstruction methods. We explore the effects of both the accuracy of the mask estimation and the strength of the language model on our results. The relative performance of these techniques is directly tied to the accuracy of the estimated mask. Although the use of masked speech fails when significant numbers of errors are present, the maximum performance for spectral reconstruction techniques also drops significantly. This implies improvements in mask estimation can provide greater gains in ASR performance than improvements in the incorporation of the IBM in ASR. Previous work may have ignored the direct use of masked speech due to its poor performance on tasks without a strong language model.
Adaptive Compensation of Sensor Runout for Magnetic Bearings With Uncertain Parameters: Theory and Experiments

The problem of sensor runout in magnetic bearing systems has been largely overlooked due to similarities with mass unbalance in creating periodic disturbances. While the effect of mass unbalance can be significantly reduced, if not eliminated, through rotor balancing, sensor runout disturbance is unavoidable since it originates from physical nonconcentricity between rotor and stator. Sensor runout is also caused by nonuniform electrical and magnetic properties around the sensing surface. To improve performance of magnetic bearings, we present an adaptive algorithm for sensor runout compensation. It guarantees asymptotic stability of the rotor geometric center and on-line feedforward cancellation of runout disturbances using persistent excitation. Some of the advantages of our algorithm include simplicity of design and implementation, stability, and robustness to plant parameter uncertainties. The stability and robustness properties are derived from passivity of the closed-loop system. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate efficacy of the algorithm and experimental results confirm stability and robustness for large variation in plant parameters. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1369362# I Introduction
Long-Term Expression in Sensory Neurons in Tissue Culture from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Promoters in an HSV-1-Derived Vector

Amplicons, defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors, were constructed to use four HSV-1 promoters, from the immediate-early (IE) 1 IE 3, IE 4/5, and late glycoprotein C (gC) genes, to regulate expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene, encoding beta-galactosidase, and packaged into infectious particles. Infection of sensory neurons in vitro with amplicons containing the IE 1, IE 3, or IE 4/5 promoter resulted in stable long-term expression of beta-galactosidase from 2 to 10 weeks after gene transfer. The number of neurons expressing beta-galactosidase was not changed by treatments previously shown to produce reactivation of latent HSV-1. In addition, the latency-associated transcript was detected in many of the same neurons that expressed beta-galactosidase, indicating that the viral IE promoters in the amplicons can function in the same neurons that harbor latent virus. Delivery of beta-galactosidase protein directly into neurons by microinjection indicated that the half-life for histochemical detection of beta-galactosidase was between 24 and 48 h, suggesting that the persistence of beta-galactosidase histochemical staining cannot be explained by the stability of the reporter protein alone. In contrast to the IE promoters, the gC promoter of the late gene class did not support long-term expression of beta-galactosidase; instead, beta-galactosidase was detected in only a few neurons per culture at 2 weeks after infection, and superinfection with wild-type HSV-1 did not increase the level of expression from the gC promoter. These results suggest that the HSV-1 IE promoters in the amplicons are not subject to the promoter inactivation that occurs with many types of virus vectors and that the IE promoters in the context of the amplicon avoid the promoter inactivation observed from the same promoters in the HSV-1 genome during latency.
A Drosophila model of FUS-related neurodegeneration reveals genetic interaction between FUS and TDP-43

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons. Fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) and TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43 are DNA/RNA-binding proteins found to be mutated in sporadic and familial forms of ALS. Ectopic expression of human ALS-causing FUS/TLS mutations in Drosophila caused an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, neurodegeneration, larval-crawling defect and early lethality. Mutant FUS/TLS localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas wild-type FUS/TLS localized only to the nucleus, suggesting that the cytoplasmic localization of FUS/TLS is required for toxicity. Furthermore, we found that deletion of the nuclear export signal strongly suppressed toxicity, suggesting that cytoplasmic localization is necessary for neurodegeneration. Interestingly, we observed that FUS/TLS genetically interacts with TDP-43 in a mutation-dependent fashion to cause neurodegeneration in vivo. In summary, we demonstrate that ALS-associated mutations in FUS/TLS cause adult-onset neurodegeneration via a gain-of-toxicity mechanism that involves redistribution of the protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and is likely to involve an interaction with TDP-43.
Integrative, model-based engineering design

This position statement argues that advanced, systematic modeling techniques are needed to support engineering of complex, heterogeneous systems. Models provide blueprints for the development and assessment of systems through computer simulation, prior to their deployment.
Effects of Liver Fractions on Myocardial Contractility

Tyramine was crystallized and identified as one of the cardioactive materials in liver extract. Of many other compounds tested on the isolated papillary muscle of the cat, only methionine, ethionine, serotonin, heparin, testosterone, Menadione, and Dicoumarol showed activity.
Robotics - The answer to the Achilles' heel of VATS pulmonary resection.

During the past decade, robotic surgical systems have been increasingly utilized to perform highly complex surgical procedures. In fact, the robotic-assisted approach to the treatment of many gynecological and urological surgical procedures has become the standard-of-care. The use of robotic surgical system in thoracic surgery is in its early development. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was propelled forward in the early 1990’s without full appreciation for long-term consequences, increased cost or therapeutic benefit. The trend in robotic-assisted thoracic surgery is projected to surpass the adoption of VATS and to mirror that of other robotic surgical subspecialties.
Pedal error prediction by driver foot gesture analysis: A vision-based inquiry

Pedal errors have been reported as a cause of fatal traffic accidents. However it is not well understood why and when these pedal errors happen as well as how to mitigate them. In this paper, we study pedal error events in a real-world stop-and-go driving experiment, in which we quantitatively analyze foot behavior with measurements from embedded vehicle sensors (e.g. brake or acceleration pedal state) as well as a video input looking at the driver's foot. Our analysis shows some initial insights in factors influencing pedal errors (beside other possible causes like driver age, gender, and driver workload), including Sequential Effects and Cue Modality. We also develop a new vision-based approach for driver foot behavior analysis and use it to predict brake and acceleration pedal presses. Experimental results over twelve different subjects show that the proposed approach correctly detects pedal misapplications approximately 200ms before the actual press. This indicates the potential of applying this approach to predict and mitigate pedal errors in real-world driving.
The Influence of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Heavy Convective Rainfall in the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area

AbstractLow-level convergence induced by land surface heterogeneities can have substantial influence on atmospheric convection and rainfall. Analyses of heavy convective rainfall in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with the Princeton Urban Canopy Model (PUCM) that resolves urban subfacet heterogeneity. Analyses center on storms that produced heavy rainfall and record urban flooding in Baltimore on 1 June 2012. The control simulation using PUCM shows a better performance in reproducing the surface energy balance and rainfall than the simulation using a traditional slab model for the urban area. Sensitivity experiments are carried out to identify the role of the land surface heterogeneities, arising from land–water and urban–nonurban contrasts in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area, on heavy rainfall from organized thunderstorm systems. The intersection of low-level convergence zones from thunderstorm downdrafts a...
Influence of Dietary Factors and the Adrenal on Hyaluronidase Spreading Reaction in the Rat.

Summary1. The hyaluronidase spreading reaction was tested in intact, cortisone injected and adrenalectomized rats and the effect of various dietary situations was studied. In intact rats, a diet containing excessive amounts of vit. B12 decreased the area of spread significantly. At present, there is no obvious explanation for this observation. 2. Both the administration of cortisone and adrenalectomy decreased the area of spread in rats. Sham operation also decreased the area of spread of hyaluronidase. It is suggested that the effect of adrenalectomy is primarilfy a non-specific effect due to the operative procedure itself.
Residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists: Explaining perceived impacts of a cultural heritage festival

In an effort to attract tourists, rural communities promote their festivals that are unique to the area and local culture. An examination of impacts beyond those of a monetary nature is rarely undertaken by these communities. Furthermore, the role that the relationship between residents and tourists plays in explaining perceived impacts of these festivals is nonexistent. The current work utilizes the Emotional Solidarity Scale in an effort to predict Caldwell, Texas, residents’ perceived impacts of hosting the Kolache Festival through the Festival Social Impact Attitude Scale. Results reveal strong measures of reliability and validity for each scale. Considering the relationship between emotional solidarity and perceived impacts of the festival, results showed that Emotional Solidarity Scale factors explained a considerable degree of variance (i.e., 29% to 36%) in the resulting Festival Social Impact Attitude Scale factors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed along with limitations and op...
Enhanced Pressure Swing Membrane Absorption Process for CO2 Removal from Shifted Syngas with Dendrimer–Ionic Liquid Mixtures as Absorbent

Using pure ionic liquid [bmim][DCA] or its dendrimer-containing solutions as absorbents, studies of a novel five-valve pressure swing membrane absorption (PSMAB) process for CO2 removal from lower temperature shifted syngas were carried out with porous hydrophobized polyether ether ketone (PEEK) hollow fiber based membrane modules. At first how the preferred absorption step duration in each cycle was determined was presented. Then we investigated the effects of the following aspects of the membrane module: reducing the tube-side dead volume in the hollow fiber module; decreasing the fiber packing density leading to increased absorbent liquid layer thickness around any fiber; increasing the tube-side gas volume. All three design features in the membrane module greatly enhanced the gas absorption behavior and improved the product qualities. Increasing temperature reduced the product qualities when pure [bmim][DCA] was used. Adding polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer Gen 0 to the ionic liquid greatly improved i...
JUSTICIABILIDAD DE LOS DERECHOS SOCIALES (A PROPOSITO DE UNA ARGUMENTACIÓN DE FERNANDO ATRIA)

Este articulo intenta enjuiciar la argumentacion de Fernando Atria acerca de los derechos sociales, segun la cual estos no deben ser institucionalizados como derechos subjetivos que protegen "primo etper se" un interes particular de sus titulares exigible en concreto judicialmente, sino de acuerdo con instituciones determinadas democraticamente que protegen una dimension de la ciudadania caracterizable no tanto por el interes de cada cual cuanto por el interes reciproco y general. Para ello, muestra la unilateralidad de esa argumentacion: aunque el legislador y la Administracion sean los protagonistas del desarrollo de derechos sociales, eso no obsta a que haya buenas razones para que la teoria juridica y la jurisprudencia -comparadamente y en Chile- los hayan tratado como derechos justiciables, mas segun una justiciabilidad limitada, no activista, sino basada en el potencial epistemico de la jurisdiccion para mejorar dialogica y deliberativamente la politica democratica.
Prognostic Importance of CD49d Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

BACKGROUND: CD49d (a.k.a. alpha 4 integrin) plays a critical role in leukocyte trafficking, activation, survival, and facilitates interactions between leukocytes and stromal cells via VCAM-1 and fibronectin. We and others have previously reported that CD49d gene expression in CLL B-cells correlates with CD38 expression (Durig Blood101:2748; Pittner Leukemia19:2264). We have also confirmed CD49d protein expression correlates with CD38 protein expression on CLL B cells (Pittner Leukemia 19:2264). Notably, one small study reported that CD49d expression may relate to overall survival among CLL patients independent of CD38 status (Zucchetto, Leukemia 20:523), although the relationship to other prognostic markers, such as ZAP-70 and cytogenetic abnormalities, was not evaluated. METHODS: We measured CD49d expression by flow cytometry in 130 patients with CLL (NCI 1996 criteria), accrued to observational studies at Mayo Clinic, between 1994 – 2006. CD49d expression was measured by 2 color flow cytometry using antibodies specific for CD19 (BD Biosciences) and CD49d (BD Pharmingen). CD49d expression was compared to level of CD38 expression, ZAP-70 expression, and degree of IgVH gene mutation (all treated as continuous variables). We also evaluated the relationship between CD49d expression and time to treatment (TTT) and other prognostic parameters, using the previously published 30% threshold to classify CD49d expression (Zucchetto, Leukemia 20:523). Finally, we evaluated the relationship between CD49d expression and in vitro sensitivity to fludarabine (1 um x 24 hrs) and chlorambucil (1um x 24 hrs) in a subset of 70 patients. RESULTS: The percent of B-cells expressing CD49d varied from 0.3 to 99.4% among the 130 patients tested (median expression= 6.1). The level of CD49d strongly correlated with the expression of ZAP-70 (r=0.34; p CONCLUSION: CD49d expression varies on CLL B-cells and relates to other prognostic parameters and TTT as well as in vitro sensitivity to chlorambucil. Since CD49d facilitates interactions between CLL B-cells and stromal cells, the association of this marker with poor prognostic features and in vitro drug resistance may relate to enhanced stromal nuturing of leukemic cells with higher CD49d expression. Additional studies are needed to determine whether CD49d expression may be clinically useful as a prognostic test or to predict response to treatment in patients with CLL.