cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volume holographic spectral-spatial imaging of biological tissue

In this presentation we discuss a new type of optical microscope that is capable of obtaining spectral and spatial information from biological tissue samples. The current system uses multiplexed volume holograms to probe multiple depths of a tissue sample without the need for scanning. This greatly simplifies the instrument and should allow it to be adapted for laproscopic applications. The technique can be combined with fluorescent dye markers to identify cancerous tissue.
Antibodies to GAD65 and peripheral nerve function in the DCCT.

Antibodies to the smaller isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) have been linked to the presence of neuropathy in Type 1 diabetes in several small studies. We attempted to confirm this association by measuring GAD65Ab, GAD65Ab epitopes and IA-2Ab in 511 patients who participated in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). We also tested for correlations between these autoantibodies and C-peptide and glycemic control. We only included patients for whom serum was available from the first 4 years of their illness. The presence or absence of neuropathy was determined by electrophysiological studies, autonomic testing and clinical evaluation at baseline and 5 years into the trial or at close out. Samples from controls (patients without neuropathy at 5 years) were selected for patients who had similar C-peptide responses to a standardized meal at baseline. The GAD65Ab index correlated with HgbA1c only in the adult participants and only at baseline. The adults initially in poor control (upper tertile for glycemia) had higher GAD65Ab and lower C-peptides. The GAD65Ab index was not significantly different in patients with confirmed clinical neuropathy at 5 years versus controls matched for C-peptide (.248 ± .03 versus .278 ± .03). Epitope analysis, based on the blocking of conformational epitopes by recombinant Fab, revealed that the binding to multiple epitopes was decreased in the patients with neuropathy.
Pheromonal regulation of reproductive success in female zebrafish: female suppression and male enhancement

Competition among females represents an important but rather neglected variable in studies of sexual selection. Probably to avoid injury to self and offspring, competition among females is often displayed without much physical interaction and therefore remains harder to observe. Here, we show for the first time in a teleost fish, the zebrafish Danio rerio, that females can use waterborne pheromones to suppress reproduction by other females. Female zebrafish that had been exposed to another female's pheromones for 4 days prior to mating spawned significantly fewer viable eggs than females held in isolation or exposed to male pheromones. Male pheromones not only stimulated female reproduction but also increased the quality and viability of eggs. In grouped females, reproductive success correlated with dominance rank. These results indicate that fish pheromones function to control mates and competitors in addition to serving as reproductive timing signals. Differences in female reproductive success observed in many fish species might be explained by this mechanism.
Metabolic mystery: aging, obesity, diabetes, and the ventromedial hypothalamus

We propose that energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and aging are all regulated largely by the same nutrient-sensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Although the central role of these neurons in regulating energy balance is clear, their role in regulating glucose homeostasis has only recently become more clear. This latter function may be most relevant to aging and lifespan by controlling the rate of glucose metabolism. Specifically, glucose-sensing neurons in VMH promote peripheral glucose metabolism, and dietary restriction, by reducing glucose metabolism in these neurons, reduces glucose metabolism of the rest of the body, thereby increasing lifespan. Here we discuss recent studies demonstrating the key role of hypothalamic neurons in driving aging and age-related diseases.
On the construction of Gauss-Legendre quadrature rules

Abstract This paper is concerned with the numerical calculation of the [ n +1) 2 nonnegative abscissas and corresponding weights for the n-point Gauss-Legendre integration rule. Asymptotic estimates for the zeros of the n-th Legendre polynomial are numerically studied. A 5-th order one-point iteration function is developed, which can be used to compute accurate values for the abscissas with one iteration.
Hierarchical clustering method for improved prostate cancer imaging in diffuse optical tomography

We investigate the feasibility of trans-rectal near infrared (NIR) based diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for early detection of prostate cancer using a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) compatible imaging probe. For this purpose, we designed a TRUS-compatible, NIR-based image system (780nm), in which the photo diodes were placed on the trans-rectal probe. DC signals were recorded and used for estimating the absorption coefficient. We validated the system using laboratory phantoms. For further improvement, we also developed a hierarchical clustering method (HCM) to improve the accuracy of image reconstruction with limited prior information. We demonstrated the method using computer simulations laboratory phantom experiments.
Straining Emergency Rooms by Expanding Health Insurance

A randomized trial shows that patients newly covered by Medicaid increased their emergency room visits by 40%.
Spatio–temporal VEGF and PDGF Delivery Patterns Blood Vessel Formation and Maturation

Purpose Biological mechanisms of tissue regeneration are often complex, involving the tightly coordinated spatial and temporal presentation of multiple factors. We investigated whether spatially compartmentalized and sequential delivery of factors can be used to pattern new blood vessel formation.
Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in United States African-American public housing residents

Background African-Americans experience considerable mental healthcare disparities in the United States, but little is known about sensitive subgroups within this population. To better understand healthcare disparities within African-Americans communities, we characterized anxiety, mood, and substance use disorder prevalence and associated service utilization among public and non-public housing residents.
Between state and society: Green political ideology in the mid‐1980s

This article discusses the political ideology of the Greens in the Federal Republic of Germany in the mid‐1980s. Finding limitations in both the survey research and ‘new social movement’ literatures, it argues that Germany's particular institutional and ideological traditions inform the Green alternative and that the powerful tradition of German statism affects Green ideology in two contradictory ways: positively, in that Greens employ statist imagery in both their critique of West German politics and their alternative vision; and negatively, in that Green ideology adopts and reflexively transposes the values of the concepts of German statism.
Two birds with one stone: Training communication specialists while teaching medical students

This study reports the implementation and assessment of one type of training program in medical communication at the University of Illinois in Chicago, involving both the Department of Communication and Theatre at the Circle Campus and the Department of Psychiatry at the Medical Center Campus. The three goals of this experimental program were to strengthen the quality of instruction in interpersonal skills for medical students, to offer a structured experience to graduate students in communication that would help them develop skills as instructors and researchers, and to emphasize the usefulness of communication specialists to faculty and students in the medical school.
THE EFFECTS OF “SELF‐HELP” PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES ON CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION AND FEAR: lmplications for Crime‐Prevention Policy

“Self-help” precautionary measures taken at the individual or household level are widely used by citizens to confront the problems of crime and fear. In this article, we assess the effectiveness of precautionary behavior as it varies naturally within a general population sample. Using data from a two-wave panel study of victims and nonvictims in Kentucky, and controlling for the effects of nine other “vulnerability factors” in hierarchical regression analyses, the findings were as follows: Precaution in the first year did not prevent victimization in the second year. Compared to nonvictims, victims were More likely to be victimized in the second year and were also more fearful Compared to other victims, victims who practiced high precaution after the first incident were no less likely to be revictimized and were no less fearful. From these findings, the policy of promoting precaution independently of other crime-prevention tactics would appear to be an insufficient strategy for both general and victim populations. Implications of findings for urban policies on crime prevention are discussed Co-production policies through which governments share responsibility for crime prevention with citizens (e.g., block watches) are distinguished from policies that transfer the responsibility to individual citizens (e.g., “target hardening”).
Characterization of allotype A11 in rabbits: a specificity detected by agglutination.

Abstract Inhibition of agglutination techniques were used to characterize a new allotypic determinant, A11, of rabbit immunoglobulin. Agglutinator antiserum specific for the A11 determinant was used to agglutinate rabbit type F erythrocytes sensitized by coating with anti-F antibody bearing the A11 determinant. Agglutinator was prepared by injecting rabbits lacking the A11 determinant with IgG of the same group a and group b allotypes but possessing the A11 determinant. Several sensitizors for detecting the A11 specificity were prepared by immunizing rabbits possessing the A11 determinant with type F rabbit erythrocytes. The determinant was found to be associated with the IgG class of immunoglobulins by filtration and by DEAE chromatography. Studies with enzymatic fragments and subunits of IgG show that the A11 determinant is carried on the heavy ( H ) chain. Although the determinant was detectable on the (Fab′) 2 fragments obtained by pepsin hydrolysis of IgG, the requirement for the integrity of the inter- H chain disulfide bond precluded its detection on isolated H or light ( L ) chains. The results further suggest that certain structures on both H chains of a given IgG molecule require proper orientation for interaction with the anti-A11 serum.
Methods of linear system characterization through response cataloging

Various methods of linear system characterization are presented. Each method requires cataloging the system response to a set of input stimuli. The continuum orthonormal basis set response method, in principle applicable to all linear systems, has as special cases point-spread function and frequency response superposition integral characterizations. The piecewise isoplanatic approximation, sampling theorem approach, and discrete basis set response methods are three schemes whereby restrictive assumptions are placed on the system and/or allowable input class. In each case, the number of system responses required for system definition is reduced to a countable number. Contrasting properties and applicability of the three schemes are discussed. Last, shift-invariant and spreadless systems are briefly reviewed in the context of requiring only one input-output relation for complete system characterization.
Serial dependencies and Markov properties of neuronal interspike intervals from rat cerebellum.

Abstract Using three different approaches, each with different theoretical assumptions, we showed that mammalian neuronal spike trains contain serial ordering. We demonstrated that: (1) when intervals are categorized according to whether their durations are short, medium, or long, sequential groupings of adjacent interval categories exhibit Markov dependencies, extending to at least the 4th order; (2) the observed incidence of specified patterns of these groups of adjacent interval categories differs from the independent case, based on Chi square goodness-of-fit tests, and by using similar procedures; (3) there is divergence from independence when adjacent interval patterns are described in terms of relative lengths of adjacent intervals. The statistical indicators of serial dependence were significantly greater when applied to the original data than when applied to the same data after shuffling. Each of these approaches leads to the notion that “information” is carried in clusters of adjacent intervals (“bytes” or “words”) and moreover, we can identify which specific patterns of interspike intervals contribute most to the statistical significance (i.e., those clusters that are potential candidates for “information carriers”). In most of the ten neurons, the “memory” of the system appears to be at least 36–45 msecs.
The exchange coefficients for latent and sensible heat flux over lakes: Dependence upon atmospheric stability

Components of the energy budget of a small lake were estimated over the autumnal cooling period. Measured values of the stored thermal energy and radiative heating were used to evaluate several bulk formulae for sensible and latent heat transfer. Over 50–100 day intervals, bulk formulae for latent and sensible heat flux without stability corrections were as good as formulae that incorporated such corrections; both satisfactorily reproduced the measured heat storage data. Over shorter (daily to weekly) time-scales, predictions incorporating stability corrections were superior to those without stability corrections. Over daily periods when the atmosphere was nearly neutral or was unstable, a formulation for sensible and latent heat transfer designed for small-scale systems (cooling ponds and reservoirs) agreed closely with the usual large-scale (oceanic) bulk formulations. The corrections for stability in the small-scale formulation are based on laboratory and theoretical studies of free convection; the stability correction in the large-scale formulation uses a bulk Richardson number in a manner consistent with flux-profile theory. Both agreed with the measured data for the unstable and near-neutral cases. Under stable atmospheric conditions (in a daily average sense), both formulations underestimated the measured fluxes
Inteneuron circuits in the lateral geniculate nucleus of monocularly deprived cats

This work investigated the function of interneurons and other types of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in cats raised to adulthood with one eye sutured closed. In order to understand the basis of the commonly found deficit of Y-type relay cells in the deprived layers of the LGN, we looked for reduced or defective activity in other cells which also receive an afferent projection from Y-type ganglion cells in the visually deprived retina. Monocular deprivation did not produce a deficit in the activity of a class of interneurons which receive direct optic inputs from the same ganglion cells in the deprived eye that also drive the Y-type relay cells. Likewise, the Y-type afferent input from the deprived eye to XY-type relay cells was normal. The XY-type cells have mixed or hybrid receptive field properties and both X and Y excitatory inputs; although the Y-inputs to these cells are often much weaker than the X-inputs. The normal properties of Y-type interneurons and XY-type relay cells in the deprived LGN suggest that neither a retinal dysfunction nor an inherent inability of the Y-type optic tract axons to form adequate synapses onto LGN neurons are factors which would readily account for the reduction of y-type relay cells in monocularly deprived cats. The hypothesis that the deprived Y-type relay cells may have difficulty in forming synaptic connections onto postsynaptic, binocular neurons was supported by observations of responses of cells in the perigeniculate region. Normally, perigeniculate neurons receive a strong binocular input from Y-type relay cells as well as an X-input in at least some cases. In binocular perigeniculate cells of the sutured cats, no inputs from deprived Y-type relay cells could be identified although a longer latency input, typical of that from X-type relay cells, was present.
Nonresonant optical activity of isolated organic molecules.

Cavity ring-down polarimetry (CRDP) has been exploited to interrogate the nonresonant optical activity (or circular birefringence) of prototypical organic compounds in the vapor phase, thereby revealing the intrinsic chiro-optical response evoked from isolated (solvent-free) molecules. Specific polarization rotation parameters have been measured at two distinct excitation wavelengths (355 nm and 633 nm) for a variety of gas-phase species drawn from the terpene, epoxide, and alkane/alkene families, with complementary solution-phase polarimetric studies serving to highlight the pronounced influence of solute−solvent interactions. Time-dependent linear response calculations performed at high levels of density functional theory have been enlisted to unravel the structural and electronic origins for observed behavior. Aside from elucidating the complex solvation processes that mediate chiro-optical phenomena taking place in condensed media, this study affords a critical assessment for emerging ab initio predic...
Treatment challenges in the management of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - novel and emerging therapies.

Over the last few decades, advances in immunochemotherapy have led to dramatic improvement in the prognosis of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Despite these advances, relapsed and refractory disease represents a major treatment challenge. For both aggressive and indolent subtypes of NHL, there is no standard of care for salvage regimens, with prognosis after relapse remaining relatively poor. Nevertheless, there are multiple emerging classes of targeted therapies for relapsed/refractory disease, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody– drug conjugates, radioimmunotherapy, small-molecule inhibitors of cell-growth pathways, and novel chemotherapy agents. This review will discuss treatment challenges of NHL, current available salvage regimens for relapsed/refractory NHL, and the safety and efficacy of novel emerging therapies.
A novel hybrid of carbon nanotubes/iron nanoparticles: iron-filled nodule-containing carbon nanotubes

A straightforward, one-step method for the preparation of novel carbon nanotube/iron nanoparticle hybrids with some degree of shape control is reported herein. These carbon nanostructures differ from those reported previously: the nanoparticles were not attached to or coated onto the surface of carbon nanotubes but embedded inside the carbon wall. They were synthesized in good yield by thermolysis of ferrocene and thiophene mixtures in a closed steel vessel. The shapes and compositions of these nanostructures can be simply controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature and relative amounts of the precursors. Iron-filled T-junction carbon nanotubes were also obtained easily by this procedure. These iron-filled nodule-containing carbon nanotubes (INCNTs) are either empty or filled with iron or iron carbide (Fe(C)) nanowires. The outer diameters of these nanotubes range from 70 to 150 nm and the lengths reach up to several micrometers. The average size of the Fe(C) nanoparticles (or empty cores) inside the nodules is about 50 nm in diameter. The carbon in the INCNTs is amorphous. Sulfur was found being responsible for the disordered structure and playing a unique role in promoting the growth of INCNTs as well as the formation of T- or Y-junctions.
EFFORTS TOWARD SYNTHESIS OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES FOR COMMERCIALIZATION

Abstract Recent progress on the development of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates to meet market demands is reported.
A PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE LEAST COST PURCHASED-PART PLANNED LEAD-TIME FOR ITEMS CONTROLLED BY AN MRP SYSTEM

Abstract In this paper a computer-simulation methodology is developed to investigate total inventory cost as a function of purchased-part planned lead-time practices in a Material Requirements Planning (MRP) system. The simulation model developed is a detailed model capable of simulating job-shop detail. An experimental design using the simulator and some typical cost variables was conducted. Several product structures and lead-time strategies were simulated in order to develop the minimum-cost purchase-part practice. These practices are described in the conclusions of this paper.
In situ human obstetrical ultrasound exposimetry: Estimates of derating factors for each of three different tissue models

A specialized in vivo exposimetry system was developed to acquire transabdominal in situ ultrasound exposure quantities in obstetric patients. Under surgical conditions, the sterilized 7-element calibrated linear array hydrophone was introduced into the uterus under direct ultrasound guidance and placed in direct contact with the products of conception, usually in the saggital midplane of the uterine cavity. Twenty-five patients with empty bladders and 10 patients with full bladders were studied at gestational ages between 7 and 20 weeks. In the empty bladder condition, the sound beam traversed the anterior abdominal wall, uterus, amniotic fluid and fetal parts and in the full bladder condition, the sound beam also traversed the fluid-filled bladder. Each study was conducted with a 3 MHz, mechanical sector transducer in combination with an ATL Ultramark 4 diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. Calibration data were recorded after completion of each in vivo patient study. The acquired exposimetry data from the 35 obstetric patients were used to evaluate the appropriateness of three tissue attenuation models, viz., fixed path, homogeneous and overlying. All three tissue models yield a mean attenuation coefficient value of about a factor of 3 to 4 greater than their respective minimum values. In the case of the overlying and homogeneous tissue models, there was a statistically significant correlation between their calculated attenuation coefficients and total distance for the combined data set whereas there was no such dependency for the calculated fixed-path tissue model. In summary, any one of the three tissue models may be used to estimate in utero acoustic quantities during the first and second trimesters of human pregnancy based on this study.
Genetics of morphological variation in geographically distant populations of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck)☆

Abstract Individuals of Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck) from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico were reared from fertilized eggs through metamorphosis under comparable laboratory conditions. Interpopulation differences in spine length development were significant between pure-bred offsprings of these two widely separated geographic areas. Spine lengths of hybrid urchins were intermediate to pure-bred animals. Interpopulation differentiation of specific portions of the genome is proposed to account for the observed phenotypic variation in spine length.
Some Slips of the Tongue

75 slips of the tongue are reported verbatim. These are divided into seven general categories.
Depression Research in Under-Resourced Populations: An Academic–Community Partnership

Epidemiologic studies have reported that depressive and anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health disorders in the United States, and these disorders are associated with a high burden of physical symptoms, increased social and vocation impairment, and high comorbidity with physical disorders such as diabetes or heart disease. 1 Despite the high prevalence and impact of these illnesses on patients’ functioning, quality of life, and adherence to chronic illness care regimens, only approximately one half of respondents with depressive and anxiety disorders receive mental health treatment. 2 In a large epidemiologic study of a nationally representative adult population, approximately half of those receiving treatment accessed mental health care in primary care and half in community settings, such as specialty mental health agencies. 2 For people living below US poverty levels, there is a higher incidence of depression and anxiety, greater persistence of symptoms, 3,4 and a higher prevalence of comorbid trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse. 4 This high incidence and persistence is likely due to the many social stressors people living in poverty experience, as well as the lack of mental health treatment available. Patients living in poverty are also more likely to have less education, problems with health literacy, more misperceptions about mental health problems and treatments, and more physical health problems. 5 Furthermore, in many states, these patients are not able to access community
Polarization transfer of electromagnetic waves in a magnetized plasma

In this investigation, the polarization transfer equations in terms of the Stokes parameters are derived for electromagnetic waves propagating in an arbitrary direction in an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma. This system of transfer equations is then solved analytically in the case when the magnetized plasma is homogeneous. For simplicity in presentation, the source term in the equation of transfer has been omitted. Transitting to the special case of quasi-longitudinal propagation, the results obtained here are shown to be in agreement to that derived by Zheleznyakov earlier.
Investigation on Fuzzy Logic-Based Self-Tuning Current Controller Applications in HVDC Links

This paper describes the effect of different defuzzification methods (DFMs) and membership functions (MFs) on the fuzzy logic-based self-tuning current controller applications in an HVDC link. The OGRE HVDC Benchmark system and control features are modeled using the SimPowerSystem toolbox and the available blocks in the MATLAB/SIMULINKreg. The fuzzy logic-based self-tuning controller is designed using the fuzzy logic toolbox in the MATLABreg. A comparative study is conducted between the fixed-gain controller and the fuzzy tuning controllers. This paper also presents the effect of the number of rules on the fuzzy logic-based self-tuning controller in an HVDC link. The results reveal that fuzzy tuned PI controller recovers the system from the faults faster than the traditional PI controller with fewer oscillations, and consecutively has less commutation failures.
Computer modeling of the abdominal aorta using magnetic resonance images.

An approach is described for creating a 3-D computer model of the abdominal aorta from just two projective images. The aorta is modeled by conical segments connecting circular cross sections. Accuracy of this technique is within 1 mm. From the 3-D computer model, quantitative measurements of vessel dameter, length, and position are available for any subset of the arterial structure. Visualization is enhanced by displaying the computer model rather than a direct set of images obtained from different perspectives. Ambiguities from overlapping branches can be resolved by rotating the model or by eliminating the interfering structures. This approach has been applied in both phatom studies, in which quantitative comparisons were made, andin vivo studies, in which qualitative evaluations were made.
Immunotherapy with rituximab during peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Abstract Peripheral blood stem cell grafts from patients with lymphoma are often contaminated with neoplastic cells. Administration of a lymphoma-specific monoclonal antibody before collecting stem cells may be one way of reducing the contamination. Similarly, an antibody after transplantation at a time of minimal residual disease may increase the efficacy of the procedure. The objective of this study was to determine the safety of using rituximab as both an in vivo purging agent and a posttransplantation adjuvant. Eligible patients with lymphoma received 375 mg/m2 rituximab intravenously IV) on day 1, 2.5 g/m2 cyclophosphamide IV on day 4, and 10 microg/kg per day filgrastim starting on day 5 and continuing until completion of leukapheresis. Patients subsequently received a standard preparative regimen and then received 375 mg/m2 rituximab IV 7 days after platelet independence was achieved. Twenty-five patients (14 men, 11 women; median age, 51 years) were enrolled. Of the 25 patients, 23 received transplants after at least 2.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were harvested. As determined with a sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay, 6 of 7 stem cell products tested were free of tumor contamination. All patients engrafted promptly, and the rituximab infusions were well tolerated. Transient neutropenia of uncertain etiology occurred in 6 patients a median of 99.5 days post-transplantation. An additional patient developed progressive pancytopenia. Rituximab used as an in vivo purging agent and adjuvant immunotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a well-tolerated regimen. However, the ultimate determination of efficacy will require the results of ongoing studies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6(6):628-32.
Cl- channels in CF: lack of activation by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase

Secretory chloride channels can be activated by adenosine 39,59-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase in normal airway epithelial cells but not in cells from individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). In excised, inside-out patches of apical membrane of normal human airway cells and airway cells from three patients with CF, the chloride channels exhibited a characteristic outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation and depolarization-induced activation. Channels from normal tissues were activated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. However, chloride channels from CF patients could not be activated by either kinase. Thus, gating of normal epithelial chloride channels is regulated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, and regulation by both kinases is defective in CF.
Health Insurance and Access to Care for Families with Young Children in California, 2001–2005: Differences by Immigration Status

Objectives To examine differences and trends in health insurance coverage and access to care for California families by immigration status. Methods Cross-sectional data on 37,236 families with young children <18 years of age from the 2001, 2003 and 2005 California Health Interview Survey are used to assess trends in health insurance and access to care for children and their parents by four immigration dyads: (1) both are Citizens; (2) child is a legal resident/citizen, and parent is legal resident (Documented); (3) child is a citizen, and parent is undocumented (Mixed); and (4) both are Undocumented. Results Before and after adjustment for covariates, only children in Undocumented dyads were less likely than Citizen dyads to have insurance (OR = 0.20, CI: 0.16–0.26) and all three measures of access: physician visits (OR = 0.69, CI: 0.52–0.91), dental visits (OR = 0.47, CI: 0.35–0.63), and a regular source of care (OR = 0.51, CI: 0.37–0.69). Parents in all non-Citizen dyads had poorer access than Citizen dyads across all measures, with the exception of dental visits and a regular source for parents in Documented dyads. Children of all dyads except Citizens were more likely to be insured in 2005 vs. 2001. The largest gain was for undocumented dyad children with 2.77 times higher odds (CI: 1.62–4.75) of being insured in 2005 vs. 2001. All children dyads except Mixed were also more likely to have a physician visit. For parents, there was only a decrease in insurance coverage for Citizen dyads (OR = 0.79, CI: 0.67–0.93) and few changes in access. Conclusions While there were relatively few disparities and some improvements in insurance coverage and access for children in California (except for undocumented children), concomitant changes for parents were not observed. Without attention to the family in health care reforms, disparities may not fully resolve for children and may continue or even increase for parents.
Use of soil survey mapping and sampling for determining geochemistry of regions

Abstract The U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) information about geographic distribution of soils is based on landforms and soil‐forming factors. A recent effort was initiated to determine the geochemistry of soils that are sampled as part of the routine NCSS work. The objectives of this article are to describe the mapping and site selection procedures, utility of these procedures in the geochemical analysis of soils, and the work and future direction of the Soil Geochemistry Program that was developed for this effort. This program was created within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA‐NRCS), for the purposes of instituting and monitoring the quality of laboratory geochemical methods and data, investigating the distribution of natural elemental concentrations in soils, and providing leadership in the application of geochemical data for NRCS. The soil survey has typically used the representative pedon concept as a basis for site selection, determined ...
Secure deletion from inverted indexes on compliance storage

Recent litigation and intense regulatory focus on secure retention of electronic records have spurred a rush to introduce Write-Once-Read-Many (WORM) storage devices for retaining business records such as electronic mail. A file committed to a WORM device cannot be deleted even by a super-user and hence is secure from attacks originating from company insiders. Secure retention, however, is only a part of a document's lifecycle: It is often crucial to delete documents after its mandatory retention period is over. Since most of the modern WORM devices are built on top of magnetic media, they also support a secure deletion operation by associating expiration time with files. However, for the deleted document to be truly unrecoverable, it must also be deleted from any index structure built over it.This paper studies the problem of securely deleting entries from an inverted index. We first formalize the concept of secure deletion by defining two deletion semantics: strongly and weakly secure deletions. We then analyze some of the deletion schemes that have been proposed in literature and show that they only achieve weakly secure deletion. Furthermore, such schemes have poor space efficiency and/or are inflexibe. We then propose a novel technique for hiding index entries for deleted documents, based on the concept of ambiguating deleted entries. The proposed technique also achieves weakly secure deletion, but is more space efficient and flexible.
ED-08INSURANCE STATUS INFLUENCES THE RATES OF REPORTABLE QUALITY METRICS IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS: A NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE STUDY

INTRODUCTION: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed to narrow disparities and improve the quality of health care in the United States. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators (PSIs) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) are quality metrics tracked in healthcare institutions. The effects of insurance status on PSIs and HACs were analyzed using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for brain tumor patients. METHODS: The NIS was queried for hospitalizations between 2002 and 2011 involving brain tumors patients. The incidence for each PSI and HAC was determined by ICD-9 codes. The independent variable was primary payer status. Because of the age restriction with Medicare, comparisons were made between Medicaid/self-pay and private insurance. Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the effects of insurance status on individual PSIs, HACs, and patient outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 113,797 PSIs and 15,810 HACs occurred in 548,727 brain tumor patients, an estimated national incidence of 20.7% and 2.9% respectively. Medicaid/self-pay patients had a higher PSI incidence compared to private insurance patients (20.6% versus 18.6%). Medicaid/self-pay patients also had a higher incidence of HACs (2.2% versus 1.9%). After controlling for patient and hospital factors, Medicaid/self-pay patients were estimated to experience 3.6% more PSIs per patient than private insurance (p = 0.0042). In addition, Medicaid/self-pay patients were eistamted to experience 12.6% more HACs per patient (p = 0.0001). The greater incidence of PSIs and HACs correlated with increased length of stay and worse discharge outcomes and in-hospital mortality in the Medicaid/self-pay patient population. CONCLUSIONS: Significant variability exists in the incidence of PSIs and HACs in brain tumor patients based on insurance status. The cause of these differences should be studied prospectively to begin the process of improving quality metrics in vulnerable patient populations.
Dynamics of the Singlet Excited States of Diarylethenes in the Presence of Charge-Transfer Interactions. A Picosecond Laser Flash Photolysis Study

Charge-transfer interactions of singlet excited trans isomers of n-styrylnaphthalene (n-StN, with n = 1 and 2), 9-styrylanthracene (9-StAn), and n-styrylphenanthrene (n-StPh, with n = 1, 2, and 9) with electron donors (N,N-diethylaniline, DEA, and 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline, BrDMA) and acceptors (p-dicyanobenzene, DCNB) were studied in polar and nonpolar solvent at room temperature by absorption picosecond laser flash photolysis. The transient absorption formed within the laser pulse, already attributed to S1 → Sn and S2 → Sn transitions, were replaced, in the presence of amine quenchers, by the absorption of the exciplex (nonpolar solvent) or of contact radical ion pairs (CRIP, polar solvent). The time evolution of these transients showed the formation of the solvent-separated radical ion pair (SSRIP) and then of the longer-lived absorption of triplet state and/or radical anions. In the presence of DCNB in polar solvent the evolution of the first excited singlet showed the formation of CRIP, SSRIP, and ...
46. Cytokines in human milk from preterm mothers

Human milk contains a mix of proteins that are of both nutritional and immunological significance. Colostrum and milk produced by preterm mothers appears qualitatively different in both aspects compared to that produced by mothers at the end of a term pregnancy. A question that arises from the literature is whether this milk is “immature” milk or whether it is uniquely adapted to meet the needs of the preterm infant. This research examined changes in a multiplex of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in human milk produced by mothers of very low birth weight infant across a 6 week Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay. Colostral cytokine data from a 25-plex analysis from preterm and term mothers collected at one day post-birth discriminated differences between the groups. Generally, proinflammatory cytokines trended lower in preterm compared to term colostrum. Immune proteins found to be very different in preterm compared to term colostrum were EGF, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, MIP-1α, MCP, and IP-10. These cytokines were chosen for the prospective study and preliminary data on changes in these cytokines, chemokines and growth factors over time and relationships of milk immunobiology to clinical outcomes (time to discharge, illnesses, time to enteral feeds, and weight gain) will be presented for 44 infants enrolled to this point in the study.
The Seventh Plenary Assembly of the International Radio Consultative Committee

The Seventh Plenary Assembly of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) was held in London from September 3 through October 7, 1953. Although many members of the Institute may be unfamiliar with the work of this Committee, it may have far-reaching effects upon the progress of radio. The London meeting approved 165 documents, each of them a possible subject for a technical paper. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief outline of the work accomplished in that assembly and to describe briefly the organization and functions of the CCIR.
Emulsion and Storage Stabilities of Emulsions Incorporating Mechanically Deboned Poultry Meat and Various Soy Flours

The stability of emulsions formulated with mechanically deboned poultry in combination with various levels (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) of rehydrated vegetable protein flour (VPF), 50% protein; soy concentrate flour (SCF), 70% protein; or soy isolate flour (SIF), 90% protein were determined. VPF emulsions had significantly better emulsion stability than those with SCF or SIF. Flour type had no effect on storage stability (2-thiobarbituric acid values, tensile strength, dominant wavelength, or sensory evaluation); however, SIF emulsions had significantly higher microbiological counts than emulsions incorporating VPF or SCF. Rehydrated flour level had no effect on stability with the exception of higher tensile strength values at lower rehydrated flour levels.
A digital subtraction technique for dental radiography

Abstract The relative accessibility and stability of the teeth facilitate generation of geometrically identical radiographs over a period of time. When such radiographs are digitized with the aid of a TV camera coupled to an analog to digital converter and a computer, it is possible to conveniently produce substraction images of high diagnostic value. A digital subtraction technique for longitudinal dental radiography is described; this technique should be applicable to diagnostic situations characterized by a need to detect small changes occurring over a period of time in areas where substantial amounts of structured noise limit their detectability.
Residential mortgage foreclosure and neighborhood change

Abstract We use New Orleans as a case study to explore residential mortgage foreclosure as one mechanism linking prior black population and changes in employment levels with changes in aggregate income, housing tenure, vacancy rates, and black population size. Mortgage foreclosure data are merged with 1980 and 1990 census data aggregated at the block group level. Structural equation modeling results indicate that both economic change and prior racial composition are associated with reductions in median block group incomes. Racial transition and loss of employment and income also increased foreclosure rates. Economic change and prior racial composition together impact neighborhoods through their effects on income and foreclosure rates, which in turn differentially affect vacancy rates, the change in black population, and the housing tenure status of residents. The differential effects of these variables point to the persistence of a dual housing market for blacks and whites in New Orleans.
Interventions for Mobility and Manipulation After Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Orthotic and Neuroprosthetic Options

This article reviews the state of the art in interventions using mechanical orthoses and functional electrical stimulation (FES) for enhancing or restoring fundamental hand, arm, and lower extremity function to individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). External bracing constrains a joint to prevent rotation, or couples motion at one joint to another, allowing the limb to be positioned by the effort of the proximal musculature remaining under volitional control. Assistive technologies utilizing FES can internally brace a joint and prevent rotation through the co-contraction of antagonist muscles or can actively move a joint through the stimulated actions of the otherwise paralyzed musculature, potentially expanding the repertoire of available functions and reducing reliance on substitution patterns from proximal muscles. Examples of commonly prescribed orthoses and reported applications of FES for manipulation (grasp, wrist and proximal arm control) and mobility (standing, transfers and stepping) after...
Validity and Reliability of a Systematic Database Search Strategy to Identify Publications Resulting From Pharmacy Residency Research Projects

Purpose:This study aims to develop a systematic search strategy and test its validity and reliability in terms of identifying projects published in peer-reviewed journals as reported by residency g...
Clinical studies on the harmlessness of andtuberculin reactivity following B C G vaccination by the multiple puncture method

Summary In 675 newborn infants vaccinated with B C G by the multiple punctureor intradermal methods and followed for three to thirty-nine months, there have been no ill effects that could be ascribed to the vaccine. In 258 newborn infants vaccinated on the third to tenth day of lifewith B C G by the multiple puncture method and tuberculin tested within the first fifty-four days following vaccination, it was found that 14 per cent reacted to old tuberculin at eleven to thirteen days, 47.7 per cent at fourteen to sixteen days, 96.6 per cent at twenty-three to thirty-one days, and 98 per cent at thirty-two to fifty-four days. The duration of the reactivity to one vaccination by the multiplepuncture method was 99.7 per cent at three to seven months, 99.6 per cent at eight to thirteen months, 97.5 per cent at fourteen to twenty-one months, 93.4 per cent at twenty to twenty-seven months, 84.8 per cent at eight to thirty-three months, and 78.8 per cent at thirty-four to thirty-nine months. In the nonvaccinated infants living under similar conditions and followed exactly as above, the reaction to tuberculin was 0 per cent at three to seven months, 1.9 per cent at eight to thirteen months, 5.8 per cent at fourteen to twenty-one months, 8.5 per cent at twenty-two to twenty-seven months, 11.6 per cent at twenty-eight to thirty-three months, 19.2 per cent at thirty-four to thirty-nine months. The percentage of positive reactors in newborn infants was not appreciably altered if 3.5 to 9 mg. of vaccine diluted in one-fourth strength Sauton containing 1.5 to 50 per cent glycerine were used. Colored and white newborn infants reacted alike to the vaccine and to tuberculin. A comparison of the multiple puncture and intradermal methods of vaccination revealed that the former is simple in application (needle and vaccine are dispensed in capillary tubes; syringe and injecting needle are eliminated) and yields fewer complications. The reactivities to tuberculin following both methods of administration are comparable.
Concentration- and pH-dependent ammonia yields in the reaction of hydrated electrons with glycylglycine.

was used to measure the ammonia yield from glycylglycine solutions with concentrations in the range of 0.5 mM-1.0 M. The detection of ammonia at very small glycylglycine concentrations is crucial for the determination of the experimental G,, value of e,q, which represents the yield of eq that escapes intraspur recombination in the unit of radicals/100 eV. The yields of radicals reach a plateau in the presence of various scavengers at small concentrations (3), since the radicals are scavenged by solutes after escaping intraspur recombination. LaVerne and Pimblott estimated the Gesc