cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transitioning From Doctoral Study to the Academy: Theorizing Trenzas of Identity for Latina Sister Scholars

This article focuses on multiple truths pertaining to doctoral education as expressed by three Latina doctoral recipients. These scholars successfully navigated various educational processes with the support of one another, their families, faculty, and their chosen discipline. The authors, as sister scholars, retell their educational journeys through testimonio and analyze how their trenzas de identidades multiples (multiple strands of identity, that is, motherhood, social class, and public intellectual) now inform their work. By interrogating the extent to which intersections of identity affect educational and career pathways, the authors use platica (dialogue) to theorize their doctoral experiences and examine how their challenges and successes manifest in their professional lives in academia.
Shallow-water zero-speed tests and modelling of power-augmented ram craft

A study of the shallow-water static performance of an amphibious power-augmented ram vehicle model has been undertaken. The recovered thrust of the model and pressure under the model platform were measured for variable propulsor thrust, loading conditions, and water depths. When the model hulls do not touch the ground, the sensitivity of the model performance to the water depth is found to be small. In sufficiently shallow waters, when the hulls are in contact with the ground, the recovered thrust is zero at low propulsor thrust and approaches that in deep water at high propulsor thrust. The pressure under the platform saturates when the air leakage appears under the side hulls. A mathematical model is developed accounting for the water surface depression under the platform and for reaction and frictional forces between the hulls and ground. This theory provides reasonable estimates for the recovered thrust and the under-platform pressure.
Study of the effect of leg inertia in Stewart platforms

The inertia effect of all the leg rotations in a Stewart platform is studied. The dynamics of the legs are decoupled from that of the mobile plate so that the actuating force for moving the legs can be computed separately from that for moving the mobile plate. This enables the evaluation of the effect of leg inertia. Dynamic mobile simulation based on the decoupled dynamics formulation is discussed. >
Dynamics of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines with High Dilution

This paper analyzes the stability of the autoignition process of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines in light of the cycle-to-cycle thermal feedback due to the high percentage of exhaust dilution. The influence of heat transfer and the cooling system on the system stability is investigated. The returning map and the stability of the multiple steady state equilibria are confirmed with a high order dynamic nonlinear model, which includes manifold filling and composition dynamics and has been validated both at steady state and during transient. It is shown that the autoignition, which is based on high exhaust gas recirculation and thus strong cycle-to-cycle temperature coupling, can depart from the region of attraction of a stable equilibrium during large and fast changes in fueling level.
A constraint function classification for complex systems development

A complex application consists of a set of software modules, executed on a distributed system, guided by requirements imposed by the designer and the system. The REAL project at NJIT has been investigating the resource allocation problem for such a system. We give a classification of and syntax for constraints, provide a rule-based approach for constraint management, and discuss issues in generating implied constraints and consistency checking.
Accurate interfacing of heterogeneous structured FDTD grid components

We study strategies to interface finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) update equations in heterogeneous structured grid components for overset composite FDTD grids. An overset composite grid (or "chimera" grid) is a heterogeneous grid formed by the combination of structured FDTD subgrid components chosen to better conform to local geometrical features. We study the performance of various analytical filters and phase matching techniques to reduce problems associated with such heterogeneous grid interfacing, including spatial frequency aliasing and (numerical) phase velocity mismatch. We demonstrate the performance of interfacing algorithms in some canonical examples.
Viscoelastic stresses on anisotropic annulus fibrosus of lumbar disk under compression, rotation and flexion in manual treatment.

Summary Background Twisting (spinal rotation) and bending (flexion) are commonly reported as triggers for low back pain. This paper addresses whether the twisting stress on the annulus fibrosus of the lumbar disk is greater or less than the bending stress for the same angle of twist or bending. Methods Stress–strain relation for transversely isotropic material is applied to the transversely isotropic annulus fibrosus of the lumbar disk to analyze the viscoelastic stresses produced due to 6% compression, 10° twist and 10° bending. Findings The bending stress is 450 times greater than the twisting stress for the same angle of twist or bending of the annulus fibrosus. The twisting and bending moments increase two-fold in quick maneuvers lasting 0.1s (as in high velocity manipulations), compared to slow maneuvers lasting 60s. Interpretation From biomechanical perspective, in situations where both flexion and spinal rotation occur, the stress on the intervertebral disk is markedly higher with flexion compared to rotation. In patients with low back pain that has a disk mediated (discogenic) component, manipulation and mobilization therapies should avoid flexion to minimize stress on the disks. This is particularly relevant for high velocity manipulations where the stress on the disk is doubled for both flexion and rotation. The results in this paper can help guide manual therapists to adjust their treatments to minimize stress on the intervertebral disk.
A high-level Petri net for goal-directed semantics of Horn clause logic

A new high level Petri net (HLPN) model is introduced as a graphical syntax for Horn clause logic (HCL) programs. We call these nets: Horn clause logic goal directed nets (HCLGNs). It is shown that there is a bijection between the queried definite programs and the class of HCLGNs. In addition, a visualization of SLD resolution is realized through the enabling and firing rules and net markings. The correctness of these rules with respect to SLD resolution is also proven. We model SLD refutations and failing computations. It is shown how HCLGNs can be used to model built in atoms and provide a new AND/OR parallel execution model. Recently, several software packages (graphical editors) have become available for editing and executing HLPNs. The simulation capabilities of the HLPN software offer opportunities to perform automated, interactive code walk throughs and also have potential for providing a framework for visual debugging environments. However, HCLGNs differ from the major classes of HLPNs for which software tools have been developed in primarily two ways: the tokens in the markings can have variables; and the firing of a transition may not only update the marking of the adjacent places, but may instantiate variables in tokens in the markings of places that are non adjacent to the fired transition. Thus, the existing packages can only provide graphical syntax editing and are not appropriate for graphical simulation of HCLGNs. We provide an algebraic characterization of HCLGNs that can serve as a design guideline for implementing HCLGNs.
Repair of isolated aortic coarctation over two decades: impact of surgical approach and associated arch hypoplasia.

OBJECTIVES: A variety of surgical approaches and techniques are used for isolated coarctation repair. We have retrospectively reviewed our results of isolated repair of coarctation over the last 20 years, to establish whether the approach affects clinical outcome and the need for re-intervention. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-eight patients who underwent isolated repair for coarctation of the aorta at Birmingham Children’s Hospital between 1991 and 2010 were enrolled in this study. Chart review and the Departmental database were used to determine demographics, operative details and complications. RESULTS: The majority of patients (n= 237, 82%) underwent surgical repair via thoracotomy techniques, whereas median sternotomy was used in patients where there was associated arch hypoplasia (n= 51, 18%). For all 288 patients, median age at operation was 24 days (range 0–14 years). Between 1991 and 2000, ten patients (6%) underwent repair through midline sternotomy, increasing to 41 patients (36%) between 2001 and 2010. Overall early mortality was 1% and late mortality was 3%. There was a statistically higher reintervention rate (16%) in the decade 1991–2000, compared to 5% in the period 2001–10 (P= 0.02). In patients with hypoplastic arch, the midline approach has a lower re-intervention rate than thoracotomy (P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our institution, there has been a trend in recent years towards increased use of median sternotomy to repair the aortic arch, which has been associated with a reduced rate of re-intervention. The midline sternotomy approach for coarctation with arch hypoplasia significantly reduces the risk of re-coarctation.
The Vaccine Safety Datalink: A Model for Monitoring Immunization Safety

The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) project is a collaborative project between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 8 managed care organizations (MCOs) in the United States. Established in 1990 to conduct postmarketing evaluations of vaccine safety, the project has created an infrastructure that allows for high-quality research and surveillance. The 8 participating MCOs comprise a large population of 8.8 million members annually (3% of the US population), which enables researchers to conduct studies that assess adverse events after immunization. Each MCO prepares computerized data files by using a standardized data dictionary containing demographic and medical information on its members, such as age and gender, health plan enrollment, vaccinations, hospitalizations, outpatient clinic visits, emergency department visits, urgent care visits, and mortality data, as well as additional birth information (eg, birth weight) when available. Other information sources, such as medical chart review, member surveys, and pharmacy, laboratory, and radiology data, are often used in VSD studies to validate outcomes and vaccination data. Since 2000, the VSD has undergone significant changes including an increase in the number of participating MCOs and enrolled population, changes in data-collection procedures, the creation of near real-time data files, and the development of near real-time postmarketing surveillance for newly licensed vaccines or changes in vaccine recommendations. Recognized as an important resource in vaccine safety, the VSD is working toward increasing transparency through data-sharing and external input. With its recent enhancements, the VSD provides scientific expertise, continues to develop innovative approaches for vaccine-safety research, and may serve as a model for other patient safety collaborative research projects.
Hydrology of Okarito Lagoon and the inferred effects of selective logging in Okarito Forest

Okarito Lagoon (43° 11′S, 170° 14′E) is a small (20 km2) shore‐parallel, predominantly subtidal estuary, deepest near the landward end, and linked to the sea by two subtidal channels incised through shallow subtidal and intertidal flats which occupy the southern third of the lagoon. Tides at sea vary from 2.1m (spring) to 1.2 m (neap), but in the lagoon the tidal range is constant through the lunar cycle and varies from 0.80 m at the entrance to 0.17 m in the upper lagoon. Tidal water level and flow asymmetries in the subtidal channels are separated by a 1.7 h phase difference. Variations in the net discharge through the inlet result from changing flow cross‐sections rather than from variations in current velocities. Both the tidal‐averaged volume and the tidal compartment of the lagoon vary through the lunar cycle, from maxima at spring tides to minima at neap tides. Freshwater inflows vary from less than 11 m3.s‐1 to more than 750 m3.s‐1. During storms, water level in the lagoon rises rapidly by 2–3 m, ...
Age-Related Preservation of Top-Down Control Over Distraction in Visual Search

Visual search studies have demonstrated that older adults can have preserved or even increased top-down control over distraction. However, the results are mixed as to the extent of this age-related preservation. The present experiment assesses group differences in younger and older adults during visual search, with a task featuring two conditions offering varying degrees of top-down control over distraction. After controlling for generalized slowing, the analyses revealed that the age groups were equally capable of utilizing top-down control to minimize distraction. Furthermore, for both age groups, the distraction effect was manifested in a sustained manner across the reaction time distribution.
Modeling canopy water content for carbon estimates from MODIS data at land EOS validation sites

This paper reports on progress made to improve our understanding of the biophysical and ecological processes governing the linked exchanges of water, energy, carbon and trace gases between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere by improving satellite data products for models. The project aims to tests new biophysical data products from MODIS and ASTER EOS sensors and incorporates them into the SiB2 and CASA models. Traditional carbon estimates of such models use NDVI satellite data as inputs, although it is known that NDVI saturates at high LAI values. Radiative transfer models PROSPECT, SAILH and SPRINT were used to study a water-based optical index from MODIS as a measure of canopy water content that potentially improves estimates of LAI, specifically for ecosystems having high LAI (>4). This study shows the validity of the new data product and the. potential extent of model improvements for biospheric and atmospheric processes. Validation of the models and the data products is conducted at EOS core land validation sites part of AmeriFlux.
Hadamard‐Transformations‐Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie: gesteigerte Signalintensität bei gleicher Messzeit

Die Hadamard-Transformations-Flugzeit(HT-TOF)-Massenspektrometrie ist eine massenspektrometrische Methode, die kontinuierlich strahlende Ionenquellen mit der Puls-Technik von Flugzeitmessungen kombiniert. Anders als die konventionelle TOF-Massenspektrometrie hat die Hadamard-Transformations-Methode einen Auslastungszyklus von 50 % mit der Moglichkeit zur Erweiterung auf 100 %. Da es sich um ein Multiplex-Verfahren handelt, ist das erreichbare Signal-Rausch-Verhaltnis bedeutend hoher als bei der konventionellen TOF-Massenspektrometrie. Der vorliegende Kurzaufsatz stellt die grundlegenden Prinzipien der HT-TOF-Massenspektrometrie, des hohen Auslastungszyklus und des Signal-Rausch-Verhaltnisses vor. Diese Vorteile eroffnen eine Spektrenaufnahmegeschwindigkeit, die schneller ist als die von vergleichbaren Geraten: Detektoren fur Hochgeschwindigkeits-Trennungen sind somit in greifbare Nahe geruckt.
GENESIS: A System for Simulating Neural Networks

We have developed a graphically oriented, general purpose simulation system to facilitate the modeling of neural networks. The simulator is implemented under UNIX and X-windows and is designed to support simulations at many levels of detail. Specifically, it is intended for use in both applied network modeling and in the simulation of detailed, realistic, biologically-based models. Examples of current models developed under this system include mammalian olfactory bulb and cortex, invertebrate central pattern generators, as well as more abstract connectionist simulations.
Utility of Childhood Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Predicting Adult Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risks: The Bogalusa Heart Study

OBJECTIVE. This study sought to examine the usefulness of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in predicting future dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk in adulthood. METHODS. The study sample consisted of a longitudinal cohort of subjects (n = 1163; 30.1% black and 55.4% female) who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study both as children at 5 to 14 years of age and as adults 27 years later. RESULTS. The childhood level of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, like low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, was the best predictor of the adulthood level; the next best predictor for both variables was the change in BMI from childhood to adulthood. Furthermore, those in the age-, race-, and gender-specific top quartile, compared with those in the bottom quartile, of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in childhood were 4.5 and 3.5 times more likely, respectively, to develop adult dyslipidemia, independent of baseline BMI and BMI change after 27 years. Although, at equivalent cutoff points, childhood high-risk versus acceptable-risk status for both lipid measures was associated significantly with increased prevalence of obesity and adverse levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in adulthood, only childhood non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol high-risk status was associated with increased prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia (marginal). CONCLUSIONS. Adverse levels of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in childhood not only equally persist over time and better predict adult dyslipidemia but also are related to nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood.
Physiological effects of environmental acidification in the deep-sea urchin Strongylocentrotus fragilis

Anthropogenic CO 2 is now reaching depths over 1000 m in the Eastern Pacific, overlapping the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). Deep-sea animals are suspected to be especially sensitive to environmental acidification associated with global climate change. We have investigated the effects of elevated p CO 2 and variable O 2 on the deep-sea urchin Strongylocentrotus fragilis , a species whose range of 200–1200 m depth includes the OMZ and spans a p CO 2 range of approx. 600–1200 μatm (approx. pH 7.6 to 7.8). Individuals were evaluated during two exposure experiments (1-month and 4 month) at control and three levels of elevated p CO 2 at in situ O 2 levels of approx. 10% air saturation. A treatment of control p CO 2 at 100% air saturation was also included in experiment two. During the first experiment, perivisceral coelomic fluid (PCF) acid-base balance was investigated during a one-month exposure; results show S. fragilis has limited ability to compensate for the respiratory acidosis brought on by elevated p CO 2 , due in part to low non-bicarbonate PCF buffering capacity. During the second experiment, individuals were separated into fed and fasted experimental groups, and longer-term effects of elevated p CO 2 and variable O 2 on righting time, feeding, growth, and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were investigated for both groups. Results suggest that the acidosis found during experiment one does not directly correlate with adverse effects during exposure to realistic future p CO 2 levels.
From pixels to policies: A bootstrapping agent

An embodied agent senses the world at the pixel level through a large number of sense elements. In order to function intelligently, an agent needs high-level concepts, grounded in the pixel level. For human designers to program these concepts and their grounding explicitly is almost certainly intractable, so the agent must learn these foundational concepts autonomously. We describe an approach by which an autonomous learning agent can bootstrap its way from pixel-level interaction with the world, to individuating and tracking objects in the environment, to learning an effective policy for its behavior. We use methods drawn from computational scientific discovery to identify derived variables that support simplified models of the dynamics of the environment. These derived variables are abstracted to discrete qualitative variables, which serve as features for temporal difference learning. Our method bridges the gap between the continuous tracking of objects and the discrete state representation necessary for efficient and effective learning. We demonstrate and evaluate this approach with an agent experiencing a simple simulated world, through a sensory interface consisting of 60,000 time-varying binary variables in a 200 x 300 array, plus a three-valued motor signal and a real-valued reward signal.
Contrasts between marine and freshwater bacterial community composition: Analyses of communities in Lake George and six other Adirondack lakes

The bacterial communities of seven freshwater lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of New York state were examined using culture-independent methods. β-Proteobacteria 16S rRNA sequences were recovered from all seven lakes and their presence was confirmed by direct DNA hybridization, The results are consistent with phylogenetic and in situ hybridization-based studies in other freshwater environments, but are significantly different than the results of marine oceanic studies, where β-Proteobacteria are noticeably absent. This relationship between evolutionary history and environmental distribution is striking, since these phylogenetic clades have not been correlated with consistent physiological features or biochemical capabilities, and there is no a priori reason to expect differences in phylogenetic composition between the environments. In contrast, freshwater relatives to marine phylogenetic clusters, in particular the SAR 11 cluster of the α-Proteobacteria, were identified. The data imply an underlying physiological distinction between the β- and other Proteobacieria groups and potentially an important difference between the composition of bacterial communities in marine and freshwater environments.
Mesendogen, a novel inhibitor of TRPM6, promotes mesoderm and definitive endoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells through alteration of magnesium homeostasis

The homo- and hetero-tetrameric channel complexes formed by transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 6 (TRPM6) and 7 (TRPM7) (collectively referred to as TRPM6/TRPM7 channels in this study) are the major regulators of cellular magnesium uptake, yet the exact roles of TRPM6/TRPM7 channels and cellular magnesium homeostasis during development are poorly understood. Here, we report a novel small molecule Mesendogen (MEG) which robustly induces nearly homogeneous (≥85%) mesoderm and definitive endoderm (DE) differentiations of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in combination with growth factors. A kinome screen followed by loss-of-function experiments identified TRPM6 as the biological target of MEG. We demonstrated that MEG functions by inhibiting TRPM6/TRPM7 magnesium channel activity, as MEG reduced intracellular magnesium level, while TRPM6/TRPM7 channel modulation and magnesium-withdrawal phenocopied MEG at enhancing mesoderm and DE differentiations. This study discovers a robust chemical enhancer of hESC directed differentiation, and uncovers a novel regulatory role of cellular magnesium homeostasis during early embryonic cell fate specification.
Dissipative universal Lindbladian simulation

It is by now well understood that quantum dissipative processes can be harnessed and turned into a resource for quantum-information processing tasks. In this paper we demonstrate yet another way in which this is true by providing a dissipation-assisted protocol for the simulation of general Markovian dynamics. More precisely, we show how a suitable coherent coupling of a quantum system to a set of Markovian dissipating qubits allows one to enact an effective Liouvillian generator of any Lindbladian form. This effective dynamical generator arises from high-order virtual-dissipative processes and governs the system dynamics exactly in the limit of infinitely fast dissipation. Applications to the simulation of collective decoherence are discussed as an illustration.
Communicating global inequalities: How LGBTI asylum-specific NGOs use social media as public relations

Abstract The plight and struggles of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) refugees and asylum seekers from around the globe often go unheard. Currently, at least 75 countries have specific regulations persecuting LGBTIs. Without protection, these global citizens are forced to seek asylum in other countries. This paper investigates how LGBTI asylum-specific NGOs (Organization for Refuge, Asylum & Migration and International Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission) are using Facebook and Twitter to build organizational–public relationships. Research provided here builds upon previous research in organizational communication and NGOs by supporting the use of social media messages as functions of information, community and action. The current study provides a more nuanced examination of those functions and establishes an affective classification within the information function to help foster social change by LGBTI asylum-specific NGOs. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the conventional public relations measures of cognitive learning, affective responses and resulting behaviors are manifested within these online functions as well. The current study also helps further the concept of queer social capital. The social media messages linked more to LGBTI-specific entities around the world than non-LGBTI organizations.
Compounds Tested for Control of Nosema in Honey Bees

Twenty-four compounds were fed in sugar sirup to caged adult Apis mellifera L. to determine the effect of these agents on the development of Nosema apis Zander in the bees. The chemicals were fed to the bees before the spores, and then again for 14 days afterwards. Fumagillin (4-(1,2-epoxy-l,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-5-methoxy-1 oxaspiro[2.5]=oct-6-yl 2,4,6,8-decatetraendioate) the recommended control for the disease, gave reasonably good control. Paromomycin, an antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus , might merit further sudy. None of the other materials studied controlled or markedly reduced the degree of disease. Mortality of bees 15-21 days after each treatment showed that hygromycin, an antibiotic substance produced by S. hygroscopicus, and the higher doses of both anthelmycin, an antibiotic substance produced by S. longissimus, and one form of nitrofurazone (Furacin®) (5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone) were so toxic to the bees that nosema could not develop. Most compounds did not cause excessive mortality in 15-21 days of feeding.
Prevaccine era human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18 seropositivity in the U.S.A., National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2003-2006.

Background A vaccine is available to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11, 16 and 18; in the prevaccine era, seropositivity to vaccine types is a measure of natural exposure. Methods We describe HPV seropositivity in the USA among 14–59-year-olds using the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Results Seropositivity to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 was 17.5%, 6.8%, 15.1% and 5.9%, respectively, among women, and 7.0%, 2.4%, 5.2% and 1.5%, respectively, among men. Overall in both sexes, seropositivity was 22.5% for any vaccine type (31.8% in women and 12.9% in men), but substantially lower for three or more types (1.7% overall, 2.8% in women and 0.6% in men). Conclusions Almost a quarter of the participants were seropositive to any HPV vaccine type but few were seropositive to at least three vaccine HPV types in the prevaccine era. Further study is needed to assess if seropositivity would be useful as a biological marker of vaccination.
Measurement of Lithium, Sodium,Potassium and Rubidium in High Purity Caesium Chloride

The contents of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium in high purity caesium chloride are measured with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The measurement is of high sensitivity. The rate of retrieval is from 96 % - 106 % with the relative standard error rate less 7.8%. The result is satisfactory.
Exploration and Practice of Translational Medicine in a Comprehensive Hospital

As an emerging interdisciplinary research aiming at accelerating translation from basic researches into clinical application,translational medicine has become the urgent need to promote human health and the development trend of international medical researches.China's medical researchers are also exploring translational medicine and have established several medical and research institutions on translational research with the support of leading comprehensive medical colleges.The paper discussed the exploration and practice of translational medicine in a large comprehensive hospital to summarize experiences and shortcomings and put forward rational suggestions.
Investigation on knowledge and behavior about public health emergency prevention and control of teachers in migrant children schools in Kunshan City

[Objective]To know the current situation of knowledge and behavior about public health emergency prevention and control of teachers in migrant children schools in Kunshan City,provide a scientific basis for guiding prevention and control of public health emergencies in schools.[Methods]All of 13 private schools of migrant children in Kunshan City were selected.By using stratified random sampling,20 teachers(including headteachers,class teachers and logistic personnel) were sampled from each school,and the anonymous self-administered questionnaire investigation was conducted.[Results]The total correct rate of knowledge about public health emergency prevention and control in school of 232 teachers was 75.8%.Among 14 questions,the correct rates of mumps,the food poisoning which has the highest incidence rate,the time limit of report of public health emergency and person of the first responsibility were lower than 50%,and that of only 2 questions were higher than 90%.Among 10 behaviors about prevention and control,the correct rates of vaccination guidance,health knowledge education and inspection of immunization record card of new students were lower than 80%.[Conclusion]The correct rates of knowledge and behavior about public health emergency prevention and control of teachers in migrant children schools are low,their knowledge need to be improved,and behaviors of prevention and control should be further promoted.
Influenza surveillance in Xi'cheng District,Beijing(2010-2014)

Objective To analyze the result of influenza surveillance from 2010 to 2014 in Xi'cheng District,Beijing.Methods Weekly data were collected from Early Warning System for Infectious Disease in Medical Institutions in Beijing and sentinel virological surveillance of influenza.Results From 2010 to 2014,745 588 influenza-like illness(ILI) cases were reported.The ILI percentage was 2.95%.The curve of ILI cases had followed seasonal pattern.Pharyngeal swab samples were collected from 8 574 ILI cases.Of them,875 were positive for influenza.The composition of virus subtypes varied through different years.Conclusion It was important to prevent flu in the influenza season.The dominate subtypes varied in different years.
Die Lehre vom Licht. (Optik.)

Die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit des Lichts wurde von mehreren Forschern nach verschiedenen Verfahren bestimmt. Die ersten Bestimmungen derselben wurden von Olaf Romer (1676), von Bradley (1727) und von Fizeau (1849) vorgenommen.
Applying Aspects of the Expert Performance Approach to Better Understand the Structure of Skill and Mechanisms of Skill Acquisition in Video Games

Video games are ideal platforms for the study of skill acquisition for a variety of reasons. However, our understanding of the development of skill and the cognitive representations that support skilled performance can be limited by a focus on game scores. We present an alternative approach to the study of skill acquisition in video games based on the tools of the Expert Performance Approach. Our investigation was motivated by a detailed analysis of the behaviors responsible for the superior performance of one of the highest scoring players of the video game Space Fortress (Towne, Boot, & Ericsson, 2016). This analysis revealed how certain behaviors contributed to his exceptional performance. In this study, we recruited a participant for a similar training regimen, but we collected concurrent and retrospective verbal protocol data throughout training. Protocol analysis revealed insights into strategies, errors, mental representations, and shifting game priorities. We argue that these insights into the developing representations that guided skilled performance could only easily have been derived from the tools of the Expert Performance Approach. We propose that the described approach could be applied to understand performance and skill acquisition in many different video games (and other short- to medium-term skill acquisition paradigms) and help reveal mechanisms of transfer from gameplay to other measures of laboratory and real-world performance.
Pulmonary fibrosis, part II: state-of-the-art patient management.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: While many pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been evaluated via randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) conducted over the past two decades, most therapies have been shown to be ineffective or even potentially harmful. However, a number of recently completed RCTs have shown significant efficacy for pirfenidone and nintedanib for the treatment of IPF.Areas covered: This manuscript reviews recent advances in the management of IPF and other forms of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) with an emphasis on IPF. The material upon which this discussion is based was obtained from various published texts and manuscripts identified via literature searching (e.g. PubMed).Expert commentary: Anti-fibrotic drugs are now available for clinical use and perceived as standard-of-care therapies that have the potential to blunt disease progression for many patients with IPF. However, these agents do not necessarily stop disease prog...
Nodule cysteine-rich peptides maintain a working balance during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia is highly relevant to human society and global ecology. One recent breakthrough in understanding the molecular interplay between the plant and the prokaryotic partner is that, at least in certain legumes, the host deploys a number of antimicrobial peptides, called nodule cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, to control the outcome of this symbiosis. Under this plant dominance, the bacteria are subject to the sub-lethal toxicity of these antimicrobial peptides, resulting in limited reproductive potential. However, recent genetic studies have added unexpected twists to this mechanism: certain NCR peptides are essential for the bacteria to adapt to the intracellular environment needed for a successful symbiosis, and the absence of these peptides can break down the mutualism. Meanwhile, some rhizobial strains have evolved a peptidase to specifically degrade these antimicrobial peptides, allowing the bacteria to escape host control. These findings challenge the preconceptions about 'antimicrobial' peptides, supporting the notion that their role in biotic interactions extends beyond toxicity to the microbial partners.
On the Paleontology of Animal Cognition: Using the Brain Dimensions of Modern Birds to Characterize Maniraptor Cognition

Drawing inferences on the characteristics, including behavior, of extinct species using comparisons with extant species has a long tradition in paleontology. Departing from the observation that extinct maniraptors possessed brains with a relatively long and narrow telencephalon, we used digital endocasts taken from 11 species of modern birds to determine if any of the sampled modern bird species displayed a similar telencephalic shape, and by inference, similar cognitive ability. The analysis revealed that the telencephalon of the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) is extraordinarily narrow (large length-to-width ratio) and strikingly similar to Archaeopteryx and even some non-avian, maniraptoran dinosaurs. The relatively narrow brain in turn suggests a relatively small nidopallium subdivision of the telencephalon and associated impoverished general cognitive ability. This first-order brain-anatomical observation, together with the relatively ancient origins of a cormorant fossil record, suggest that cormorants could be used as a model for the general cognitive abilities of extinct maniraptors.
From social capital to continuous use of social networking sites: a conceptualisation

Site use is important to the sustainability of social networking sites. In this paper, we explore the drivers of member site use through the theoretical lens of social capital theory. Drawing upon supporting literature, we contend that social capital acts as an important factor in motivating members to continue their site usage. Specifically, we expect cognitive, structural, and relational capital to jointly contribute to one's use activity. In addition, we investigate the intricate relationships among the three capital acts and suggest that cognitive and relational capital will strengthen (i.e., positive moderation) the relationship between structural capital and member site use. This article contributes to the literature on social networking sites by developing a theoretical framework that helps explain user behaviour. The study also sheds light on social capital research by advocating the potential value of social capital theory in social networking research and theorising the mutual relationships among distinct social capitals.
Two-halo term in stacked thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements: Implications for self-similarity

The relation between the mass and integrated electron pressure of galaxy group and cluster halos can be probed by stacking maps of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. Perhaps surprisingly, recent observational results have indicated that the scaling relation between integrated pressure and mass follows the prediction of simple, self-similar models down to halo masses as low as $1{0}^{12.5}\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. Hydrodynamical simulations that incorporate energetic feedback processes suggest that gas should be depleted from such low-mass halos, thus decreasing their tSZ signal relative to self-similar predictions. Here, we build on the modeling of V. Vikram, A. Lidz, and B. Jain, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 467, 2315 (2017) to evaluate the bias in the interpretation of stacked tSZ measurements due to the signal from correlated halos (the ``two-halo'' term), which has generally been neglected in the literature. We fit theoretical models to a measurement of the tSZ--galaxy group cross-correlation function, accounting explicitly for the one- and two-halo contributions. We find moderate evidence of a deviation from self-similarity in the pressure-mass relation, even after marginalizing over conservative miscentering effects. We explore pressure-mass models with a break at $1{0}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, as well as other variants. We discuss and test for sources of uncertainty in our analysis, in particular a possible bias in the halo mass estimates and the coarse resolution of the Planck beam. We compare our findings with earlier analyses by exploring the extent to which halo isolation criteria can reduce the two-halo contribution. Finally, we show that ongoing third-generation cosmic microwave background experiments will explicitly resolve the one-halo term in low-mass groups; our methodology can be applied to these upcoming data sets to obtain a clear answer to the question of self-similarity and an improved understanding of hot gas in low-mass halos.
A Study of the Reduction of Excessive Energy Generated by Strong Winds on Power Lines Via a Velocity Damping Controller at the Transmission Tower

In this research, we are pursuing the robustness of a self-excited vibrational system with negative damping. In practice, this is manifested as conductor galloping of overhead power lines, which is an oscillation of the lines caused by strong winds. Improved transmission tower designs are needed that are capable of combating excessive stresses exerted on the tower by the galloping power lines. Our model of this self-excited system shows that the oscillations can be controlled by adding a boundary velocity feedback controller at the transmission tower. Using the Adomian decomposition method, we show there is a closed form analytical solution which can predict the stabilizability of the system under certain conditions, and a numerical computation is performed to demonstrate the theoretical results of this article. Through this research, power transmission systems that are more reliable and resistant to galloping can be engineered.
Comparative relationships of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS-R) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) to the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)

This study investigated whether the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale — Revised (WAIS-R) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) demonstrate similar patterns of relationship with the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Sixty VA patients were administered the WAIS-R and WMS and 60 completed the WAIS and WMS. The groups were comparable in terms of demographic variables. Pearson correlations were computed between the subtest and IQ scores from the intelligence scales and the scores from the WMS for each group. Comparison of the resulting correlations for the WAIS-R group with those of the WAIS subjects demonstrated only four significant differences, indicating that the WAIS-R and WAIS variables covary in a similar manner with the WMS scores. Following factor analysis of the test data for both groups, coefficients of congruence indicated a high degree of similarity between the two factor solutions. Essentially the same relationships emerged between intelligence variables and the WMS regardless of which scale was administered.
At most hospitals in the state of Iowa, most surgeons' daily lists of elective cases include only 1 or 2 cases: Individual surgeons' percentage operating room utilization is a consistently unreliable metric

Abstract Study objective Percentage utilization of operating room (OR) time is not an appropriate endpoint for planning additional OR time for surgeons with high caseloads, and cannot be measured accurately for surgeons with low caseloads. Nonetheless, many OR directors claim that their hospitals make decisions based on individual surgeons' OR utilizations. This incongruity could be explained by the OR managers considering the earlier mathematical studies, performed using data from a few large teaching hospitals, as irrelevant to their hospitals. The important mathematical parameter for the prior observations is the percentage of surgeon lists of elective cases that include 1 or 2 cases; "list" meaning a combination of surgeon, hospital, and date. We measure the incidence among many hospitals. Design Observational cohort study. Setting 117 hospitals in Iowa from July 2013 through September 2015. Subjects Surgeons with same identifier among hospitals. Measurements Surgeon lists of cases including at least one outpatient surgical case, so that Relative Value Units (RVU's) could be measured. Main results Averaging among hospitals in Iowa, more than half of the surgeons' lists included 1 or 2 cases (77%; P P =0.0012 vs. 50%). These percentages exceeded 50% even though nearly all the surgeons operated at just 1 hospital on days with at least 1 case (97.74%; P Conclusions Accurate confidence intervals for raw or adjusted utilizations are so wide for individual surgeons that decisions based on utilization are equivalent to decisions based on random error. The implication of the current study is generalizability of that finding from the largest teaching hospital in the state to the other hospitals in the state.
Abstract 15687: Reasons for Statin Discontinuation With and Without a Physician’s Advice: Data From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Introduction: It is unknown how often adults discontinue statin therapy under the advice of their physician. The reasons for discontinuation may differ among those who stop therapy with versus with...
Diagnostic Error in Medicine: Implications for Clinical Laboratory Scientists

The recent interest in diagnostic error in medicine was preceded almost fifty years ago by a focus on the problem-solving strategies of the experts of that time. This focus also extended to include the development of computer-based decision support systems to aid clinicians in diagnosis. Interest in medical errors was heightened with the publication of the Institute of Medicine report To Err is Human in 2000; however, there was still a relative neglect of the problem that diagnostic error presents. This article discusses the extent and types of diagnostic error in medicine, the challenges of studying diagnostic error, and strategies to address these errors. The role of the clinical laboratory in regard to diagnostic errors in medicine is also highlighted.
Untangling Palimpsest Landscapes in Conflict Zones: A “Remote Survey” in Spin Boldak, Southeast Afghanistan

Remote survey using high-resolution satellite images allows archaeologists to study ancient landscapes in regions made inaccessible by ongoing conflict as well as in regions located between zones o...
Fundamental disagreements and the limits of instrumentalism

I argue that the skeptical force of a disagreement is mitigated to the extent that it is fundamental, where a fundamental disagreement is one that is driven by differences in epistemic starting points. My argument has three steps. First, I argue that proponents of conciliatory policies have good reason to affirm a view that I call “instrumentalism,” a view that commends treating our doxastic inclinations like instrumental readouts. Second, I show that instrumentalism supplies a basis for demanding conciliatory requirements in superficial disagreements but not in fundamental disagreements. Third, I argue that the frequently invoked “independence” principle, which arguably would require significant conciliation in fundamental disputes, is unmotivated in light of the explanatory power of instrumentalism. The most plausible conciliatory view, then, is a weak conciliationism that features instrumentalism rather than independence as the central principle, and that therefore gives us a principled basis for thinking that fundamental disagreements should occasion less doxastic revision than shallow disagreements.
The subway as fourth place: anomie, flânerie and the “crush of persons”

Sociologically speaking, what kind of place is the subway? If urbanism is defined as the experience of being surrounded by strangers, then the subway is a quintessentially urban space. But social s...