cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rural Health Policy

“You’ve come a long way, baby.” This well-known slogan comes from advertisements for Virginia Slims cigarettes, introduced with great fanfare as cigarettes for women. Seeing women smoke was one more indication in the 1960s and 1970s of the cracking of societal barriers to equal treatment for women. Some progress. As we know now better than in the 1960s and 1970s, getting more women to smoke was to confuse apparent equity and the best interests of the target population. Is the same thing true of striving for equity in health care services? Is it in the best interests of rural residents to have the same system as that available to urban residents? Are we making the cigarette example mistake of confusing equal access to the same delivery system with the ultimate goal of improved quality of life?
The Generalized Costs of Relocation

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the estimation of the generalized relocation cost parameters of the relocation model developed in chapter 3. The first three stages of the multistage estimation procedure outlined in chapter 4 (figure 4.1) are also included. The first section of the chapter discusses the concept of generalized relocation costs and questions raised about their effects in the literature. The estimation of intersubmarket generalized cost parameters by the cross-product ratio approach is described in the second section.1 Since generalized costs are the critical component that distinguishes spatial interaction gravity models, the estimating approach discussed in this section should be of far more general interest than the particular application of this study. The third section of the chapter encompasses the second and third stages of the multistage procedure. The third-stage estimation of intrasubmarket generalized cost parameters is of particular interest. The last section contains a general discussion of the implications of the empirical results and concluding remarks.
A direct and selective electrochemical hydrogen sulfide sensor.

Abstract Continuous, in situ detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biological milieu is made possible with electrochemical methods, but direct amperometry is constrained by the generation of elemental sulfur as an oxidative byproduct. Deposition of a sulfur layer passivates the working electrode, reducing sensitivity and causing performance variability. Herein, we report on the use of a surface preconditioning procedure to deposit elemental sulfur on a glassy carbon electrode prior to measurement and evaluate performance with common analytical metrics. The lack of traditional anti-poisoning techniques (e.g. redox mediators, cleaning pulses) also allowed for facile surface modification with electropolymerized films. For the first time, a series of electropolymerized films were characterized for their H2S permselective behavior against common biological interferents. Highly selective, film-modified electrodes were then evaluated for their anti-biofouling ability in simulated wound fluid. The final optimized electrode was capable of measuring H2S with a low detection limit (i.e.,
Multi-frequency sparse Bayesian learning for matched field processing in non-stationary noise

Using simulations and data, we localize a quiet source in the presence of an interferer. The SWellEx-96 Event S59 consists of a submerged source towed along an isobath over a 65 min duration with an interferer traversing the source track. This range independent, multi-frequency scenario includes mismatch, non-stationary noise, and operational uncertainty. Mismatch is defined as a misalignment between the actual source field observed at the array and the modeled replica vector. The noise process changes likely with time. This is modelled as a heteroscedastic Gaussian process, meaning that the noise variance is non-stationary across snapshots. Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) has been applied previously to the matched field processing application [Gemba et al, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 141:3411-3420, 2017]. Results demonstrate that SBL exhibits desirable robustness properties and improved localization performance when compared to the white noise constraint and Bartlett processors.
Endosomal trafficking defects in patient cells with KIAA1109 biallelic variants.

Abstract The uncharacterized gene KIAA1109 has recently been associated with a congenital neurological malformation disorder that variably presents with arthrogryposis, craniofacial and/or cardiac abnormalities. We have identified two additional patients with compound heterozygous KIAA1109 variants presenting with the same neurological malformations. The mechanism whereby KIAA1109 loss of function causes this spectrum of disorders was the primary focus of our studies. We hypothesized that KIAA1109 function could be conserved relative to the fly gene tweek and examined endocytosis and endosome recycling in patient fibroblasts. Furthermore, we examined the structure of the cytoskeleton and cilia based on functional overlap with endocytosis and several known etiologies for neuronal migration disorders. Utilizing primary dermal fibroblasts from one patient and a healthy donor, we performed immunofluorescence and endocytosis assays to examine the endosomal, cytoskeletal, and ciliary cellular phenotypes. We found notable abnormalities in endosomal trafficking and endosome recycling pathways. We also observed changes in the actin cytoskeleton and cilia structural dynamics. We conclude that the function of KIAA1109 in humans may indeed overlap with the function of the Drosophila ortholog, resulting in perturbations to endosomal trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton. These alterations have ripple effects, altering many pathways that are critical for proper neuronal migration and embryonic development.
VEGF-C-VEGFR3/Flt4 axis regulates mammary tumor growth and metastasis in an autocrine manner.

Purpose Lymphangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and VEGFC-D, and their receptor, VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR3), play a pivotal role in the promotion of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. In the present study we explored the role of VEGF-C as an autocrine growth factor for breast cancer cells. Methods We examined the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR3 in mammary tumor cells lines and examined whether blocking the VEGF-C-VEGFR3/Flt4 pathway using a VEGFR3 antagonist would inhibit proliferation of mammary tumor cells resulting in a decrease in tumor growth and metastasis. Results We report expression of VEGF-C and its receptor VEGFR3 by mammary tumor cells, and their association with aggressiveness. Inhibition of VEGF-C-VEGFR3/Flt4 in mammary tumor cells decreased their proliferation and survival. Mammary tumor bearing mice treated with a VEGFR3 antagonist showed a significant decrease in tumor growth and the extent of spontaneous and experimental lung metastases. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the VEGF-C-VEGFR3/Flt4 autocrine signaling pathway regulates mammary tumor cell survival and proliferation and that neutralization of VEGFR3 signaling might lead to development of a novel therapeutic approach for malignant breast cancer.
Classifying Depression Severity in Recovery From Major Depressive Disorder via Dynamic Facial Features

Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric illness. At present, there are no objective, non-verbal, automated markers that can reliably track treatment response. Here, we explore the use of video analysis of facial expressivity in a cohort of severely depressed patients before and after deep brain stimulation (DBS), an experimental treatment for depression. We introduced a set of variability measurements to obtain unsupervised features from muted video recordings, which were then leveraged to build predictive models to classify three levels of severity in the patients’ recovery from depression. Multiscale entropy was utilized to estimate the variability in pixel intensity level at various time scales. A dynamic latent variable model was utilized to learn a low-dimensional representation of factors that describe the dynamic relationship between high-dimensional pixels in each video frame and over time. Finally, a novel elastic net ordinal regression model was trained to predict the severity of depression, as independently rated by standard rating scales. Our results suggest that unsupervised features extracted from these video recordings, when incorporated in an ordinal regression predictor, can discriminate different levels of depression severity during ongoing DBS treatment. Objective markers of patient response to treatment have the potential to standardize treatment protocols and enhance the design of future clinical trials.
Reliability of tanoak volume equations when applied to different areas

Tree volume equations for tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) were developed for seven stands throughout its natural range and compared by a volume prediction and a parameter difference method. The objective was to test if volume estimates from a species growing in a local, relatively uniform habitat could be applied more widely. Results indicated that they could not. Diameter slope coefficients and intercepts differed at the 5% probability level. Tree height slope coefficients did not differ, but when all slope coefficients (dbh and height) were combined, a significant difference was present. Overall, volume equations from different populations were significantly different, and the general rule of matching standard volume tables to specific stands is reinforced.
Decentralized sketching of low rank matrices

We address a low-rank matrix recovery problem where each column of a rank-r matrix X of size (d1,d2) is compressed beyond the point of recovery to size L with L << d1. Leveraging the joint structure between the columns, we propose a method to recover the matrix to within an epsilon relative error in the Frobenius norm from a total of O(r(d_1 + d_2)\log^6(d_1 + d_2)/\epsilon^2) observations. This guarantee holds uniformly for all incoherent matrices of rank r. In our method, we propose to use a novel matrix norm called the mixed-norm along with the maximum l2 norm of the columns to design a novel convex relaxation for low-rank recovery that is tailored to our observation model. We also show that our proposed mixed-norm, the standard nuclear norm, and the max-norm are particular instances of convex regularization of low-rankness via tensor norms. Finally, we provide a scalable ADMM algorithm for the mixed-norm based method and demonstrate its empirical performance via large-scale simulations.
Surface Modification with Gallium Coating as Nonwetting Surfaces for Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplet Manipulation.

We report gallium (Ga) coating as a simple approach to convert most common microfluidic substrates to nonwetting surfaces against surface-oxidized gallium-based liquid metal alloys. These alloys ar...
Blue Origin: The Entrepreneur as Philanthropist

Since the time of Robert Goddard, philanthropic contributors have supported the work of rocketeers. In the case of Blue Origin, founded by Jeff Bezos in 2000, the business owner became his own philanthropist. McCurdy explains how Bezos’ wealth allowed him to start Blue Origin without significant outside investment or much government help.
Toxic waste dumping in conflict zones: Evidence from 1980s Lebanon

Records show that numerous countries experiencing civil wars – including Angola, Eritrea, Lebanon, and Somalia – witnessed environmental crime, such as the dumping of toxic waste. To explore the dy...
Is social decision making for close others consistent across domains and within individuals

Humans make decisions across a variety of social contexts. Though social decision-making research has blossomed in recent decades, surprisingly little is known about whether social decision-making preferences are consistent across different domains. We conducted an exploratory study in which participants made choices about 2 types of close others: parents and friends. To elicit decision making preferences, we pit the interests in parents and friends against one another. To assess the consistency of preferences for close others, decision making was assessed in three domains-risk taking, probabilistic learning, and self-other similarity judgments. We reasoned that if social decision-making preferences are consistent across domains, participants ought to exhibit the same preference in all three domains (i.e., a parent preference, based on prior work), and individual differences in preference magnitude ought to be conserved across domains within individuals. A combination of computational modeling, random coefficient regression, and traditional statistical tests revealed a robust parent-over-friend preference in the risk taking and probabilistic learning domains but not the self-other similarity domain. Preferences for parent-over-friend in the risk-taking domain were strongly associated with similar preferences in the probabilistic learning domain but not the self-other similarity domain. These results suggest that distinct and dissociable value-based and social-cognitive computations underlie social decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
“Spooning”: A Subtle Sign of Limb Dystonia

Background: The diagnosis of dystonia can be clinically challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation; essential tremor (ET) is a more common neurological disorder, but may be mimicked by other movement disorders, including dystonia, leading to misdiagnosis. Phenomenology Shown: In three patients with hand tremor, two with prior diagnoses of ET, we present examples of ‘‘spooning’’ of the hands, characterized by wrist flexion and metacarpophalangeal hyperextension. Educational value: Subtle dystonic features such as ‘‘spooning’’ may be present during the evaluation of patients with tremor and aid in the diagnosis of dystonia.
Absolute stimulated Raman side scatter in direct-drive laser-produced plasmas

Production of suprathermal electrons by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a principal concern for contemporary direct-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility and similar systems since such electrons penetrate and preheat the target core, preventing efficient implosion. The higher temperatures and longer scale lengths in these experiments favor SRS over two-plasmon decay, which predominated in earlier experiments. In particular, current experiments are expected to exceed the threshold for absolute Raman side scatter, which would then dominate the interaction since it grows temporally until saturated by nonlinear mechanisms such as hot-electron production. Until recently, analyses of SRS side scatter have treated the case of a single laser beam incident on a plasma, but the direct-drive approach to laser fusion employs a multitude of beams to drive the implosion. Here, we present an analysis that can be applied to an arbitrary number of beams with varied angles of incidence and polarizations. In the case of a single beam, it allows a physically motivated derivation and verification of an analytic threshold formula. In the general case of multiple beams and arbitrary orientation and polarizations, the threshold is found by numerical integration of a set of first-order linear partial differential equations.
Comprehensive review of Alzheimer’s disease drugs (conventional, newer, and plant-derived) with focus on Bacopa monnieri

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by accumulation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in hippocampus and temporal lobe and the progressive, irreversible, immunooxidative (neurodegenerative) cascades initiated by them. Availability of merely two classes of drugs targeting symptoms rather than underlying pathomechanisms while newer molecules show 99.6% failure rate makes AD an unyielding dementia syndrome. Considering the tremendous disability weight and healthcare burden posed by AD, it is worth exploring the relatively safe and disease-modifying plant-derived nootropics in AD. This chapter summarizes the research on existing, withdrawn, and under-trial synthetic and plant-derived molecules with key focus on the targeted pathomechanisms, efficacy, and safety outcomes. Actions of Bacopa monnieri extract (EBm) as an antioxidant, cholinomimetic, and on neuronal and glial plasticity, cerebral blood flow, memory impairment, and cognitive defects are reviewed extensively with current research. Meticulous standardization of EBm extract and further metacentric clinical trials are vital to drug development in AD.
$D^0-\overline{D}^0$ hadronic mixing and DCS decays from FOCUS

We present an analysis of the decay D0 → K+π- from FOCUS. From a sample of 234 events we find a branching ratio of under the assumption of no mixing and no CP violation. We also present limits on charm mixing.
Hand Gesture Recognition Using FMCW Radar in Multi-Person Scenario

Remote hand gesture recognition using radio frequency (RF) waves is an emerging approach for the interaction between users and smart devices. In this paper, the feasibility of using frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar to recognize hand gestures when multiple closely spaced subjects are illuminated by the same sensor is investigated. Four hand gestures are suggested. Existing radar-based hand gesture recognition mainly relied on the Doppler effect caused by one motion in the sensor’s field of view. Besides, they did not consider the random body motion of targets situated at the same range, which is not practical in real-life scenarios. Leveraging the range discrimination capability of FMCW radars and characteristic signal extraction, interference rejection is achieved in this paper. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the FMCW radar based remote control approach in the presence of multiple interferences.
Envisioning Change: Writing the Stories We Need to Read

This chapter introduces Lessons from the Pandemic: Trauma-Informed Approaches to College, Crisis, Change, a collection of narratives about trauma-informed approaches to teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, this chapter posits that COVID-19 has been a wake-up call on crisis in higher education and describes two main lessons learned: (1) that college teaching has always encompassed crisis and (2) that college students and educators are resilient. Next, the authors describe the rationale, aims, and intended audience of the book, highlighting the importance of amplifying diverse voices and representing multiple methods of meaning-making on the road to resilience and healing. The next section summarizes the book’s contents and helps orient readers to format and style differences among chapters. Lastly, the chapter concludes with a call to action.
E-business: a study of travel agents in taiwan and their perceptions of information technology (china)

The popularity of the Internet and the World Wide Web has provided a whole new virtual platform to conduct business called E-Business, and created both opportunities and threats for travel agencies in the tourism industry. For travel agencies, understanding the perceptions of travel agents regarding computer usage and the important elements of functional websites is necessary to ensure success when adopting E-Business. Questionnaire investigation and statistical analysis were applied in conducting and analyzing this research. The questionnaire for the survey consisted of an established psychometric instrument based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and a new instrument developed for this research in order to investigate users' computer technology acceptance. The opinions of travel agents regarding the important elements of functional websites were also investigated. The instrument was translated into Chinese by following forward translation/back translation protocol. The web-based survey was administrated anonymously to travel agents who worked for 16 randomly selected travel agencies across 82 consolidated travel agencies in Taiwan. The survey received 200 usable data from 208 responses. For data analysis, descriptive, ANOVA and regression statistical methods were applied to analyze collected data. The major findings indicated that first, the perceived usefulness (PU) of participating travel agents can be affected by job relevance, education level and work experience; the perceived ease of use (EOU) can be predicted by computer self-efficacy. Second, behavioral intention to use computer technology can be predicted by attitude towards use and its determinants—PU and EOU. Third, there were no significant differences between genders and education levels regarding PU and EOU. Fourth, it is necessary to provide training programs for travel agents to use computer technology more efficiently. Fifth, the commerce function and the content feature were considered the two most important elements for a functional website, with emphasis on online security issues, in both cases. Finally, the study results recommend that due to rapid technological developments and the emergence of the Internet, travel agencies will need to innovate and reengineer their operations if they are to survive in the future hypercompetitive tourism industry.
Improperly Posed Problems for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

Publisher Summary The study of improperly posed problems has received considerable recent attention in response to the realization that a number of physical situations lead to these kinds of mathematical models. Many classes of improperly posed problems include nonlinear partial differential equations. This chapter provides a review of some of the questions confronted in the investigation of a particular class of such problems—that is, ill-posed Cauchy problems. A boundary or initial value problem for a partial differential equation is understood to be well posed in the sense of Hadamard if it possesses a unique solution that depends continuously on the prescribed data. This definition is made precise by indicating the space to which the solution must belong and the measure in which continuous dependence is desired. A problem is called improperly posed (or ill-posed) if it fails to have a global solution, a unique solution, or a solution that depends continuously on the data. The chapter discusses the questions of uniqueness, existence, and stabilization of solutions to ill-posed problems for nonlinear partial differential equations. The chapter focuses on improperly posed Cauchy problems for nonlinear equations. Because many ill-posed problems for partial differential equations have not usually yielded to standard methods of analysis, a variety of techniques have been developed to study these problems. The chapter focuses on three of these methods because they have proven to be useful in treating nonlinear problems—namely, logarithmic convexity, weighted energy, and concavity. It also describes the quasi-reversibility method.
EWSR1-PBX3: A Novel Gene Fusion in Myoepithelial Tumors

The genetics of myoepithelial tumors (ME) of soft tissue and bone have recently been investigated, with EWSR1-related gene fusions being seen in approximately half of the tumors. The fusion partners of EWSR1 so far described include POU5F1, PBX1, ZNF444 and, in a rare case, ATF1. We investigated by RNA sequencing an index case of EWSR1-rearranged ME of the tibia, lacking a known fusion partner, and identified a novel EWSR1-PBX3 fusion. The fusion was further validated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To evaluate if this is a recurrent event, an additional cohort of 22 EWSR1-rearranged ME cases lacking a fusion partner were screened by FISH for abnormalities in PBX3 gene. Thus, two additional cases were identified showing an EWSR1-PBX3 gene fusion. One of them was also intraosseous involving the ankle, while the other occurred in the soft tissue of the index finger. The morphology of the EWSR1-PBX3 fusion positive cases showed similar findings, with nests or sheets of epithelioid to spindle cells in a partially myxoid to collagenous matrix. All three cases showed expression of S100 and EMA by immunohistochemistry. In summary, we report a novel EWSR1-PBX3 gene fusion in a small subset of ME, thereby expanding the spectrum of EWSR1-related gene fusions seen in these tumors. This gene fusion seems to occur preferentially in skeletal ME, with two of the three study cases occurring in intraosseous locations.
ICT Framework for an Online Medical System

Although many healthcare back office functions and support services are now available to both medical practitioners and patients, the field is yet to embark upon any significant medical online system that facilitates the remote diagnosis and treatment of patients via an on-line system. This paper proposes an online medical system that will enable patients to interact with medical practitioners in medical consultation, diagnosis, and treatment. The medical system provides a virtual environment for patients, practitioners and medical staff to interact. We outline the functional components of the medical system and describe the technologies applied to support an interactive experience. Several patient scenarios are used to describe how this system functions including general practitioner consultation, a medical specialist visit, and support for emergency services via mobile devices. The benefits of the proposed system are also contrasted with several existing medical expert systems. Given the growth and use of on-line systems and recent trends to deploy high bandwidth communication infrastructure (such as the National Broadband Network), the opportunity exists to deploy new medical systems that provide healthcare to all people in both local and remote communities.
Affordable solar system exploration

The design features of the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) version of the Mariner Mark II spacecraft are described, together with the instruments to be carried aboard and the goals of the mission. To minimize the cost, computer-aided design, engineering, and manufacturing will be used, and, where possible, established technologies and off-the- shelf products will be incorporated. Planned for a launch in 1992, the CRAF will rendezvous with the Tempel 2 comet in 1996 and will stick with it through 1999, making studies of plasma in the comet's coma and the comet's dust, gas, and nucleus by means of its penetrator rocket which will pierce the nucleus.
Satellite communications: US policy considerations

Abstract Regulatory decisions have controlled the possible technical alternatives in the use of artificial satellites, for both domestic and international telecommunications, since the enactment by the US Congress of the Communications Satellite Act of 1962. At the same time, advancements in technology have caused satellite systems to play a larger role in telecommunications. An updating of the 1934 Communications Act would allow for a more definitive statement of national satellite policy and for a revised regulatory standard. This article reviews some of the principle factors which have influenced communications satellite policy, and offers additional issues for consideration that can affect the development of communications satellite markets, systems and services.
Factors Independently Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Epilepsy (S59.005)

OBJECTIVE: Among adult epilepsy patients, to identify demographic and epilepsy related factors independently associated with significant anxiety and depressive symptoms. BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent among epilepsy patients and represent major independent predictors of poor quality of life. At present, it is unclear which patients are at the highest risk for anxiety and/or depression. DESIGN/METHODS: A cohort of 500 adult epilepsy patients who underwent neuropsychological evaluation at the Columbia Comprehensive Epilepsy Center between 1999 and mid-2012 completed a validated psychiatric symptom instrument (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, SCL-90-R). “Higher anxiety” was defined as SCL-90-R anxiety subscale T score of 蠅60, and similarly “higher depression” was defined as SCL-90-R depression subscale T蠅60 (T蠅60 corresponds to the 84th centile of adult nonpatient normative group). The association of higher depression and age, educational attainment, sex, race, epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, number of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs), mesial temporal sclerosis, anxiety, epilepsy type, lateralization, and localization was assessed by chi square and t tests. Using multiple logistic regression, we assessed which factors were independently associated with higher depression, and in a separate analysis, higher anxiety. In the anxiety models, we included factors for which we had previously found a univariable association with higher anxiety: focal epilepsy, AED polytherapy, nonwhite race, and lower education. RESULTS: Depression and anxiety were significantly correlated (pearson r=0.6933, p<0.0000). Older age was associated with higher depression (mean age 40.2 vs. 38.1years, p=0.04). No other factors were associated with higher depression on univariable analysis. Both higher anxiety (OR=9.7, p<0.000) and age (OR=1.02, p=0.05) were independently associated with higher depression. Focal epilepsy (OR=2.5, p=0.008) and higher depression (OR=9.8, p<0.000) were the only factors independently associated with higher anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Although anxiety and depressive symptoms were highly correlated, focal epilepsy was independently associated with anxiety but not depression, suggesting that focal epilepsy patients may be at particular risk for anxiety. Study Supported by: NIH/KM1 CA156709 (MH) Disclosure: Dr. Munger Clary has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hamberger has nothing to disclose.
Parasitic Diseases in the Compromised Host

In the United States, Western Europe, and the mature health care delivery systems of Asia and Africa, two parasitic diseases should be carefully considered in the evaluation of fever and possible infection in the immunocompromised host: toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis. In addition, three other diseases—strongyloidiasis, giardiasis, and babesiosis—occasionally occur in patients who are immunosuppressed or splenectomized. The ongoing epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has called our attention to two coccidial protozoa—Cryptosporidium and Isospora belli—as causes of diarrhea. These entities should be suspected in any patient with compromised cell-mediated immunity and symptoms of gastroenteritis. It should, however, be acknowledged that in many of the developing countries of the world a number of other common parasitic entities can be expected to afflict both immunosuppressed and normal hosts.
Educational implications following idiopathic encephalopathy and prolonged coma: a longitudinal case study

This paper explores standard considerations of accommodations for paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) survivors as illustrated through an intensive case study. Specifically, we explore methods by which school systems can enhance a middle school student's learning environment after losing 30 points in his intellectual functioning (IQ) following a rare coma recovery. For the purpose of this paper, coma is defined as a period following neurological injury or illness during which an individual does not open his/her eyes and does not have sleep–wake cycles. This case emphasises the use of current behavioural evidence-based treatments in young ABI patients. Multiple comparisons are especially beneficial in delineating the strength of intervention modalities and specific challenges unique to this population. Current data are of particular interest because measures of both pre- and post-morbid functioning are available, because of earlier school testing for a pre-existing learning disability. Finally, implications for prognosis and treatment of young ABI patients are discussed.
Single-Fiber Two-Photon Fluoroprobe for Biological Markers

We demonstrate the feasibility of using a single optical fiber to simultaneously excite and collect two-photon-induced fluorescence in fluorophores. We show that single-mode fibers are more efficient as a source and detector than available multimode fibers.
Erythropoietin responsiveness of differentiating Friend leukaemia cells

INCLUSION of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) in the media of suspension cultures of Friend leukaemia cells (FLC) results in the erythroid differentiation of more than 50% of the cells1. This differentiation is demonstrated by morphological and biochemical alterations which are characteristic of normal erythroid maturation2–5. We report here that the differentiation of these leukaemic cells is accompanied by the development of responsiveness to erythropoietin (Ep), the physiological regulator of erythropoiesis.
The Concept of Consistency in Writing and Editing

Consistency is the orderly treatment of a set of linked elements, and it is a necessary characteristic of polished, highly readable prose. Consistency is either “uniform” or “harmonious,” depending on whether a set of linked elements is indivisible or divisible into subsets. From the perspective of text characteristics, we can speak of semantic, syntactic, stylistic, spatial, and mechanical consistency. To deal successfully with consistency problems, technical communicators should establish patterns that are logical, evident, functional, resource efficient, and stable. Because of its importance, the concept of consistency should be more fully recognized. Indeed, consistency should be a component of any comprehensive rhetoric of technical communication.
k-Circulant Supersaturated Designs

A class of supersaturated designs called k-circulant designs is explored. These designs are constructed from cyclic generators by cycling k elements at a time. The class of designs includes many Es2-optimal designs, some of which are already known and some of which are more efficient than known designs for model estimation under factor sparsity. Generators for the most efficient designs are listed, and projection properties of some of the designs are explored. We also illustrate that some k-circulant supersaturated designs can be augmented with interaction columns to produce efficient designs for a larger number of factors or for estimating interactions.
A trimetal chain cocooned by two heptadentate polypyridylamide ligands

Compounds of nickel in which a chain of three metal atoms is closely embraced by two interlocking heptadentate dianions derived from a chain of five pyridyl groups linked at the 2, or 2 and 6, positions by four amide nitrogen atoms are reported. This new type of extended metal atom chain (EMAC) compound differs from earlier ones in that ligand exchange at the axial positions cannot occur, because the axial ligands are part of the entire ligand. Four such compounds, all crystallographically characterized, are reported. This work is a proof-of-concept project that will be extended to other metals with these and other homologous ligands.
Defect annealing kinetics in irradiated 6H–SiC

Abstract Isochronal and isothermal annealing of ion-irradiation damage on the Si sublattice in 6H–SiC has been investigated experimentally by in situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling geometry (RBS/C). At low ion fluences corresponding to dilute concentrations of irradiation-induced defects, complete recovery of disorder on the Si sublattice can occur below room temperature. The implantation of helium impedes the defect recovery processes at low temperatures. Below room temperature, the thermal recovery of defects on the Si sublattice has an activation energy on the order of 0.25±0.1 eV. Recovery of disorder on the Si sublattice above 570 K has an activation energy on the order of 1.5±0.3 eV.
Simulation and Prediction of Loads in Marine Current Turbine Full-Scale Rotor Blades

The paper presents an analysis for predicting the torque, thrust, and bending moments at the root of rotor blades in a horizontal axis marine current turbine using the blade element-momentum theory combined with linear wave theory. The measured current velocities taken near the core of the Florida Current offshore Fort Lauderdale, Florida are used in the evaluation of the loads on the rotor blades. The periodic loading on the blade due to the steady spatial variation of current speeds over the rotor swept area is determined by a limited number of parameters, including tip-speed ratio, Reynolds number, lift and drag coefficients, thrust and torque coefficients, and power coefficient. In the simulation modeling, numerical calculations are carried out for every time step on the assumption of quasi-steady flow. Lift and drag coefficients are calculated as function of incident angles taking into account the 3D effects. The results from this study include simulated thrust and torque when rotor operates in calm water and waves. The variation in the thrust and torque is predicted for certain parameters including wave height and wave frequency. The thrust and torque are evaluated by varying both the rotor’s rotational speed and current speed. It has been found both thrust and torque increase as the current speed increases, and in longer waves the torque is relatively sensitive to the variation of wave height. Both in-plane and out-of-plane bending moments fluctuate significantly and can be predicted by linear wave theory with blade element-momentum theory.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
SPECTRUM VARIABILITY IN HR 8752.

Observations in the region of H-alpha are presented for the luminous supergiant HR 8752. Two time scales for the variation of emission features are detected. Substantial changes in H-alpha appear to take months or years. More subtle changes can occur in a matter of days. The photospheric spectrum also shows evolution on both long and short time scales as has been noted by previous observers.
Phenolic ethers in the organic polymer of the Murchison meteorite

Seven phenolic acids and many nonphenolic organic acids, including large amounts of meta-hydroxy (3-hydroxy) benzoic acid and 3-hydroxy-1,5-benzene-dicarboxylic acid, were obtained from the organic polymer of the Murchison C2 chondrite upon oxidation with alkaline cupric oxide. The phenolic acids apparently were derived from phenolic ethers in the polymer, which in turn probably were formed from carbon monoxide and hydrogen by catalytic Fischer-Tropsch type reactions in the solar nebula. In contrast, terrestrial polymers such as lignin, humic acid, and coal yield mainly para-hydroxy (4-hydroxy) benzene derivatives by the same oxidation procedure.
Packaging of a Polyelectrolyte into a Neutral Spherical Cavity

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we studied how salt valency and concentration affect the forces required to tightly package a charged chain into a neutral, salt-permeable spherical shell. We find that in the presence of multivalent salt the packaging energy can be lowered to a value smaller than what is required to confine a neutral, fully flexible chain in the same cavity. In addition, we find that at high chain packing fractions there exists a threshold salt concentration above which the packaging free energy, ΔF, saturates, and we show how ΔF is completely independent of salt concentration when the salt is monovalent.
Phosphofructokinase from Fasciola hepatica: Activation by phosphorylation and other regulatory properties distinct from the mammalian enzyme

Phosphofructokinase from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, was phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isolated from this organism. Phosphorylated fluke phosphofructokinase had a sevenfold lower apparent Km for its substrate, Fru-6-P, and an eightfold higher 0.5 Vopt for ATP, the enzyme's primary inhibitor, than native phosphofructokinase. Activation of fluke phosphofructokinase following phorphorylation by a mammalian protein kinase catalytic subunit was previously reported (E. S. Kamemoto and T. E. Mansour (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 4346-4351). The catalytic subunit of protein kinase isolated from the liver fluke phosphorylated sites on fluke phosphofructokinase similar to those phosphorylated by the mammalian enzyme. Maximal phosphate incorporation was 0.3 mol P/mol of protomer. The native enzyme was found to contain 1.3 mol P/mol of protomer. In contrast to fluke phosphofructokinase, activity of the mammalian heart enzyme was slightly decreased following phosphorylation. The dependence of allosteric interaction on an acidic pH observed with the mammalian phosphofructokinase was not observed with the fluke enzyme. Unlike mammalian phosphofructokinase, allosteric kinetics of the fluke enzyme was observed at alkaline pH (8.0). Fluke phosphofructokinase was found to be relatively insensitive to inhibition by citrate, a known potent inhibitor of the mammalian enzyme. Fru-2,6-P2, a potent modifier of phosphofructokinase from a variety of sources, was found to activate both native and phosphorylated fluke phosphofructokinase. The most potent activators of fluke phosphofructokinase were found to be Fru-2,6-P2, AMP, and phosphorylation. The endogenous level of Fru-2,6-P2 in the flukes was determined to be 29 +/- 1.3 nmol/g wet wt, a level that may well modulate enzyme activity. Fru-6-P,2-kinase, the enzyme responsible for synthesis of Fru-2,6-P2, was found to be present in the flukes. Our results suggest physiological roles for phosphorylation and Fru-2,6-P2 in regulation of fluke phosphofructokinase.
Transient Response of Solar Collectors

A transient response model is developed for collectors whose dynamic behavior is controlled predominantly by the absorber surface and heat-transfer fluid. Such collectors can be described adequately by two differential equations for which exact solutions are possible. The equations are solved for the case of evacuated tube collectors, and the solutions are found to exhibit qualitatively new transient phenomena. In particular, it is found that fluid flow rates, thermal masses, and heat-transfer coefficients are important factors in determining the overall response of a collector, and that the functional form of the response depends on how these parameters are related. The model is compared with test results for four evacuated-tube collectors whose heat-transfer configurations and fluid flow rates encompass a broad range of transient response regimes. Excellent agreement is obtained in all cases. In addition to providing a detailed insight into the problem of collector dynamics, the model is a potentially useful tool for obtaining information about heat-transfer coefficients and fluid flow distribution effects.
Molecular characterization of a pericentric inversion in mouse chromosome 8 implicates telomeres as promoters of meiotic recombination

A “hot spot” of meiotic recombination has been found in males on murine chromosome 8 using nonisotopic hybridization of a series of probes to mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. The sequences responsible for this enhanced recombination are the telomeric repeats. Mice both normal and hetero- or homozygous for a pericentric inversion, In(8) 1 Rl, were analyzed. The inversion subdivides chromosome 8 into three discreet regions: (1) a fraction of the micro “short arm” that contains 30–150 kb of telomeric sequences and only about one-fifth of the contiguous minor-satellite sequences (approximately 200 kb); (2) the inverted region; and (3) the noninverted distal two-thirds of the chromosome. In 70 spermatocytes from inversion heterozygotes, examined by electron microscopy, synapsis of the inverted region was complete but entirely nonhomologous. Nonhomologous synapsis persists from initiation of synaptonemal complex formation in zygonema/early pachynema until dissolution in late pachynema. This nonhomologous synapsis also suppresses crossing over within the inverted segment. The opportunity for proximal homologous recombination is thus restricted to the roughly 250 kb segment located between the short-arm break and the end of the bivalent. Nonetheless, an extreme proximal chiasma was observed in 11% of the heterozygous chromosome-8 bivalents, 34% of the normal 8 bivalents and 35% of the homozygous inversion 8 bivalents from spermatocyte preparations. Since in the normal chromosomes all minor satellite sequences are adjacent to the telomere, while in the inversion chromosomes most of these sequences are transposed to an interstitial position without a corresponding shift in chiasma position, the minor-satellite sequences can be ruled out as promoters of recombination. Instead, the data suggest that it is the telomeric sequences that promote recombination, not just within the telomeric repeat itself, but quite frequently in sequences more than 250 kb away.
Effective Strip Method for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall with Steel Sheet Sheathing

AbstractThe cold-formed steel framed shear wall sheathed with steel sheet sheathing (CFS-SSSW) is a code-approved lateral force resisting system for light-framed construction. The American Iron and Steel Institute provides design provisions for CFS-SSSWs. However, the nominal strengths of CFS-SSSWs published in the current standard were based on full-scale experiments which were subjected to limitations in both wall configurations and material properties. This paper presents an analytical design method, the effective strip method, developed for predicting the nominal strength of CFS-SSSWs. The proposed design approach shows good agreements with test results. The statistical assessment indicates that the new design method is reliable and provides designers an alternate tool to determine the strength of CFS-SSSWs without conducting full-scale shear wall tests.
Optimized Protocol to Reduce Variable Outcomes for the Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Model in Mice

The pre-clinical global ischemia model transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion addresses the unique cascade of events leading to delayed neuronal cell death. However, the inconsistent occurrence of posterior communicating arteries (PcomA) in mice might cause high outcome variability. To determine a means for reducing variability, CD1 mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 12-40 min. Occlusion duration> or =18 min was applied to mice with bilateral regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)> or =10% of baseline at 2.5 min of ischemia. However, only groups with ischemic duration< or =18 min were used for statistical analysis because of the high mortality in the other groups. After 7 days, patency of PcomA and hippocampal neuronal loss in the CA1 subfield were evaluated. Outcome variability was reduced when hemispheres containing PcomA were excluded from analysis; ischemic outcome was not affected by the presence of a contralateral PcomA. Extending ischemic duration based on rCBF did not reduce outcome variability because the initial rCBF could not reliably predict PcomA. Therefore, after an optimal ischemic duration, evaluating hippocampal injury in each hemisphere independently according to the existence of PcomA is an effective and reliable method to obtain consistent results in this pre-clinical mouse model.
Coaching Development: Methods for Youth Sport Introduction.

(2011). Coaching Development: Methods for Youth Sport Introduction. Strategies: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 14-19.