cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiometric performance of the Voyager cameras

The Voyager Imaging Experiment provided high-quality data of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites with the two flyby trajectories in March and July of 1979. Moderately accurate radiometric measurements have been made using these data. This paper evaluates the radiometric results and describes the inflight and ground geometric and radiometric correction factors. The radiometric quantities of intensity I and geometric albedo I/F are derived, and scaling factors for each of the filters are tabulated for correcting the 'calibrated' data from the Image Processing Laboratory at JPL. In addition, the key characteristics of both Voyager I and Voyager 2 cameras are tabulated.
Phase matched second harmonic generation in a periodic polymer waveguide: Design of periodic electrodes

ABSTRACT Phase matched second harmonic generation has been demonstrated in a periodically poled polymer waveguide. Periodic poling is accomplished by periodic finger electrodes. Finite element calculations of the electric field give the optimum design rules for the electrodes. 2. INTRODUCTION Integrated light sources in the wavelength range 400-500 nm are needed for a variety of applications including optical data storage. One approach to the problem is to frequency double diode lasers in the range 800-860 nm in a waveguide. In an effort towards achieving that goal, we recently reported ' phase matched second harmonic generation in a polymeric waveguide. Nonlinear optical polymers offer a number of advantages, including high nonlinear optical coefficients and ease of fabrication . Since the x( * of these polymers is obtained by electric field poling, it is also possible to fabricate parametric optical devices based on novel electrode patterns. In this paper we discuss how a periodic X* polymeric waveguide can be made by periodic electrode poling and its usefulness in phase matching nonlinear optical interactions.The second harmonic intensity I2w from a X(2) waveguide is given by
Examination of the health‐belief model to predict the dietary quality and body mass of adults

We examined the ability of the health-belief model to predict individuals’ dietary quality and body mass among a nationwide sample of 1319 adults in the United States. Simultaneous estimation of the structural equation model found acceptable goodness-of-fit to the data. Explained variance in dietary quality and body mass, however, were moderate to weak. The model included three types of nutrition knowledge: basic facts, diet–health awareness and ability to accurately self-assess nutrient intake. None of these variables had a strong effect on dietary quality or body mass. We speculate that lifestyle characteristics, cultural habits, community infrastructure, and the politics of food production and retailing – variables found in other studies to affect dietary quality and body mass yet not available in our data – might outweigh the effects of nutrition knowledge and sociodemographic factors on estimating dietary quality and body mass. We suggest that future research and intervention programmes focus more on social, cultural and political context than on nutrition knowledge. Current collaborations among life and social scientists to design foods to improve human nutrition might also prove effective in reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Use of the radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap and montgomery salivary bypass tube for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.

Background Head and neck reconstructive surgeons involved in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction have several options available to repair the defect after partial or total laryngopharyngectomy. There is no uniform agreement among head and neck surgeons as to which of the most frequently used techniques offers the best results. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 20 consecutive patients who had undergone reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus using a radial forearm free flap with Montgomery salivary bypass tube at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston, Massachusetts, and St. Louis University, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery between 1992 and 1996. This reconstruction was used for primary reconstruction after total or partial laryngopharyngectomy with cervical esophagectomy, partial pharyngectomy sparing the larynx, and for reconstruction of the stenotic neopharynx after laryngectomy. Results The overall rate of pharyngocutaneous fistula was 20%, and the rate of postoperative stricture was 10%. Of patients reconstructed with this technique, 85% were able to resume oral alimentation, whereas 15% remained G-tube dependent. Of the 18 patients who did not have their larynges remain intact, 6 were able to develop useful tracheoesophageal speech. Conclusions The results of this study show that the radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap in combination with the Montgomery salivary bypass tube is extremely useful for reconstruction of partial and circumferential defects of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 22: 463-468, 2000.
QCD dynamics of pp and pA collisions at LHC and beyond

We summarize the lessons learned from the theoretical and experimental studies of hard scattering phenomena in high-energy electron-proton (ep) collisions at electron-proton collider HERA and proton-antiproton ( p p ¯ ) collisions at the Tevatron collider. Implications for the forward particle production at LHC and cosmic energies are discussed.
Some Adult Attitudes Affecting Learning: Powerlessness, Conflicting Needs and Role Transition

Adults bring attitudes with them into the learning situation that markedly affect their ability to learn or their motivation. Recent research indicates that those adults with strong feelings of power lessness will fail to learn control-relevant information. Adults will be more motivated to listen to and to read content which may increase their competence in a current situation. If a strong need conflicts with information given, the information will not be learned. If sufficient rationalizations have been built to defend certain behavior, educational programs to change the behavior will be ineffective. As an adult assumes a new role, he goes through stages of vacillation between the old role and the new, overlearn ing behavior appropriate to the new role and integration of the new role into other roles. The adult's attitude toward role-relevant learning will depend upon his current stage of role mastery.
“Mapping the New Mental World Created by Radio”: Media Messages, Cultural Politics, and Cantril and Allport's The Psychology of Radio

During the 1930s a number of interesting critiques of science and society emerged in the social sciences in general, and in psychology in particular. One example of this trend is The Psychology of Radio (1935), authored by Harvard psychologist Gordon Allport and his former student Hadley Cantril. The book, which was intended for both professional and lay audiences, sought to open discussion on the effects of the pervasive presence of radio, and to throw into relief the political, cultural, and economic contexts in which this new form of mass communication was embedded.
A randomized trial of telephone-based motivational interviewing for adolescent chronic headache with medication overuse.

IntroductionNearly 2% of youths suffer from chronic migraine or chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). A contributing factor in approximately 20%–50% of these youths is medication overuse, which inv...
Work roles in death-releated occupations☆

Abstract More occupations than generally realized require the worker to have contact with the dying, the dead, and the bereaved. The opportunity for “leeway” and the desire to provide service are major motivating factors for persons in these positions. The death-related professional, often fatalistic in his own views of his own death, must live up to the social expectations for his role performance while simultaneously being a functioning human being who must encounter death at a personal level and a businessman who must earn his living from working with death-related concerns.
Psychopharmacology for Children and Adolescents: The Paradigm Shift

Background: The introduction of psychoactive medications for children and adolescents has changed practice worldwide. Debate continues about the indications for such practice, in particular about the possibility of unnecessary or contraindicated prescription. Such a debate usually assumes that changes in practice follow advances in the knowledge base—new scientific knowledge, coupled with new medications; but practice responds to changes in other areas as well. These other areas include public attitudes, the conditions of practice, and the regulatory environment. All of these are affected by the relationship between clinicians and the psychopharmaceutical industry (aka Pharma). Methodology: This paper reviews changes in factors, along with changes in the evolving knowledge base, which are transforming medication practice with children and adolescents. These changes, beginning in the United States, are affecting practice worldwide. Results: Changes in the knowledge base, public attitudes, the conditions of practice, and the regulatory environment amount to a paradigm shift. Conclusion: The implications of the emerging paradigm for practice and policy are reviewed.
Estrogen acutely increases peripheral blood flow in postmenopausal women

PURPOSE To test the acute effect of estrogen on peripheral blood flow and vascular resistance in postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven normotensive, post-menopausal female volunteers (mean age 53 +/- 6 years) were studied. Six women were in natural menopause and 5 had had a hysterectomy (mean age of the menopause 49 +/- 3 years). We used a double-blind, randomized protocol to assess the acute response to sublingual estradiol-17 beta (1 mg) on the forearm resistance vessels, compared with sublingual placebo. Blood flow was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography, and mean peripheral vascular resistance was then calculated. Mean blood pressure was also measured. RESULTS The mean blood flow induced by estradiol-17 beta after 40 minutes was significantly greater than that induced by placebo (3.9 +/- 0.5 mL/100 mL per minute versus 2.4 +/- 0.4 mL/100 mL per minute, respectively, P < 0.05). The forearm resistance was significantly reduced at 40 minutes after estradiol-17 beta compared with placebo (25.7 +/- 4.4 resistance units (RU) to 44.4 +/- 6.4 RU, respectively, P < 0.05). Mean blood pressure 40 minutes after the administration of estradiol-17 beta was no different when compared with placebo (91 +/- 1.5 mm Hg versus 90 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, respectively, P = NS). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the acute administration of estradiol-17 beta affects blood flow in the peripheral vasculature in human subjects. The mechanism of this effect has not been determined, but it may explain some of the beneficial effects of estrogen on the vascular system and have future therapeutic potential in postmenopausal women.
Isolation and characterization of a Forssman antigen-binding lectin from velvet bean (Mucuna derringiana) seeds.

A Forssman antigen (GalNAcα1-3GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer)-binding lectin has been purified from velvet bean (Mucuna derringiana) seeds by a combination of affinity chromatography and reversed phase HPLC. This lectin agglutinates both native and trypsin-treated sheep erythrocytes as well as trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes, but neither native rabbit nor human erythrocytes, irrespective of blood group type. SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography reveal the lectin to be a homodimer consisting of two 54 kDa subunits linked by non-covalent bonds. The results obtained by quantitative precipitation, haemagglutination inhibition and TLC overlay assays indicate that theMucuna lectin specifically recognizes Forssman antigen and Forssman disaccharide (GalNAcα1-3GalNAc)-related structures.
Transcriptional Repression by Thyroid Hormone Receptors A ROLE FOR RECEPTOR HOMODIMERS IN THE RECRUITMENT OF SMRT COREPRESSOR

Nuclear hormone receptors, such as the thyroid hormone receptors (T3Rs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control key aspects of metazoan gene expression. T3Rs can bind to DNA either as receptor homodimers or as heterodimers with RXRs. Once bound to DNA, nuclear hormone receptors regulate target gene expression by recruiting auxiliary proteins, denoted corepressors and coactivators. We report here that T3R homodimers assembled on DNA exhibit particularly strong interactions with the SMRT corepressor, whereas T3R·RXR heterodimers are inefficient at binding to SMRT. Mutants of T3R that exhibit enhanced repression properties, such as the v-Erb A oncoprotein or the T3Rβ-Δ432 mutant found in human resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome, display enhanced homodimerization properties and exhibit unusually strong interactions with the SMRT corepressor. Significantly, the topology of a DNA binding site can determine whether that site recruits primarily homodimers or heterodimers and therefore whether corepressor is efficiently or inefficiently recruited to the resulting receptor-DNA complex. We suggest that T3R homodimers, and not heterodimers, may be important mediators of transcriptional repression and that the nature of the DNA binding site, by selecting for receptor homodimers or heterodimers, can influence the ability of the receptor to recruit corepressor.
Gene-class analysis of expression patterns induced by psychoactive pharmaceutical exposure in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) indicates induction of neuronal systems

Psychoactive pharmaceuticals are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, contributing to persistent measurable concentrations in aquatic systems. Typically, it is assumed that such contaminants have no human health implications because they exist in extremely low concentrations. We exposed juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to three pharmaceuticals, fluoxetine, venlafaxine and carbamazepine, individually and in a mixture, and measured their effect on the induction of gene expression in fish brains using microarray analysis. Gene expression changes were accompanied by behavioral changes and validated by qPCR analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to perform gene-class analysis of gene expression, testing for enrichment of gene sets known to be involved in human neuronal development, regulation and growth. We found significant enrichment of gene sets for each of the treatments, with the largest induction of expression by the mixture treatment. These results suggest that the psychoactive pharmaceuticals are able to alter expression of fish genes associated with development, regulation and differentiation of synapses, neurons and neurotransmitters. The results provide a new perspective for the consideration of potential consequence for human health due to environmental exposure to unmetabolized psychoactive pharmaceuticals.
Improvement of parameter accuracy by choice and quality of observation

In a least squares adjustment (a minimum variance solution) using the technique of variation of coordinates (observation equations), a key result is the co-variance (dispersion) matrix of parameters. Assuming that standard errors of observations are used in the formation of the normal equations, rather than relative weights, this dispersion matrix gives the estimates of standard errors for the parameters solved for in the adjustment. A method will be presented which allows the designer of the observing plan to alter this dispersion matrix, which may not meet user requirements, so that it will meet user requirements and, from its inverse, solve mathematically for the selection and quality (accuracy) of the observations required to form this altered dispersion matrix of parameters.
Preservice Teachers’ Uptake and Understanding of Funds of Knowledge in Elementary Science

In this manuscript, we use a “learning to notice” framework to suggest that preservice elementary teachers bring a range of interpretations and responses to their students’ funds of knowledge and science teaching and learning. By examining data from three sections of an elementary methods course, we find that preservice teachers recognized students’ funds of knowledge, assigned value to them, and took account of these resources for science learning in their planning. While preservice teachers most often described funds of knowledge as a “hook” to gain and sustain students’ interest in the science classroom, they also interpreted and utilized funds of knowledge in other ways, including as substantive contributions to meaning making and positioning students as having expert knowledge.
The Porous Border of Boundaries

Boundaries in Psychotherapy: Ethical and Clinical Explorations. Ofer Zur. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2007, 280 pages, $59.95 (hardcover). As director of medical ethics and ...
Effect of shear and rotary inertia on dynamic fracture of a beam or plate in tensile loading

Abstract The dynamic fracture response of a long beam of brittle material subjected to tensile loading is studied. If the magnitude of the applied tensile loading is increased to a critical value, a crack will propagate from one of the longitudinal surfaces of the beam. As an extension of previous work, the effect of shear and of rotary inertia on the tensile loading and the induced bending moment at the fracturing section is included in the analysis. Thus an improved formulation is presented by means of which the crack length, crack tip velocity, bending moment and axial force at the fracture section are determined as functions of time after crack initiation. It is found that the rotary effect diminishes the bending moment effect and retards total fracture time whereas the shear has an opposite effect. Thus by combining the two effects (to simulate to first order the Timoshenko beam) overall fracture is retarded. The results also apply for plane strain fracture of a plate in tensile loading provided the value of the elastic modulus is appropriately modified.
EFFECTS OF A WINTER FIRE ON SARRACENIA ALATA AND S. PSITTACINA

The effects of a prescribed winter bum on two species of pitcher plant, Sarracenia alata and S. psittacina, were investigated by comparing changes in variables measured before and after the fire in randomly selected plots in a Louisiana savanna. Burned plots showed an increase in foliage and unburned plots showed a decrease in foliage, as measured in total number of leaves (>25 cm) for S. alata and in total cover for S. psittacina. For S. alata, the gain in foliage in the burned plots was less than the loss in foliage in the unburned plots, but for S. psittacina the gain in burned plots was greater than the loss in unburned plots. Seedling recruitment of S. alata after the fire was exponentially related to the number of floral scapes produced in the year before the fire and was greater in burned plots than in unburned plots. Number of floral scapes of both pitcher plant species decreased in the year after the fire, but the decrease occurred equally in burned and unburned plots. THROUGHOUT the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States are numerous discontinuous bogs, savannas, and shrub bogs (pocosins) which support carnivorous plants.
The Faculty Identities of Community College Adjuncts Teaching in the Humanities: A Discourse Analysis Study

Research has shown that forming a professional identity is central in the process of becoming an effective teacher (Alsup, 2006; Danielewicz, 2001). Yet, little is known about the faculty identity development of part-time faculty, who represent nearly 70% of all faculty at community colleges (AFT Higher Education, 2009). Addressing this critical knowledge gap, this study uses positioning theory (Harre & van Lagenhove, 1999) and discourse analysis methods to closely examine the faculty identities of community college adjuncts who teach introductory courses in English and social studies. Findings suggest that these adjuncts experience positive faculty identity development through their teaching and interactions with students, but they encounter negative faculty identity development vis-a-vis their interactions with their faculty peers. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Current–voltage curves for molecular junctions: the issue of the basis set for the metal contacts

We present current–voltage (I–V) curves for a chain of six Au atoms and for benzene-1,4-dithiol between two Au (111) surfaces computed using a self-consistent, non-equilibrium, Green’s Functions approach in conjunction with a density functional theory (DFT) description of the extended molecule. The solutions are expanded in Gaussian basis sets. In an attempt to improve the description of the molecule-surface bond, we consider one- and two-layer clusters of metal atoms in the extended molecule. To avoid non-physical charging of the bulk metal clusters we add a shift to the diagonal elements of the Fock Matrix of the metal atoms in the DFT treatment; this can be viewed as correcting the self-energies or shifting the Fermi level. The Au6 cluster with the full minimal basis set represents a compromise between accuracy and cost. The Au31(12/19) two-layer cluster results are of about the same quality as the one-layer Au21 cluster, but allows one to study more binding sites. Using a double zeta basis set for three of the top-layer Au atoms of the Au31(12/19) cluster yields result similar to the all minimal basis set, while using all double zeta atoms yields inferior results.
Rapid Cu-free click chemistry with readily synthesized biarylazacyclooctynones

Bioorthogonal chemical reactions, those that do not interact or interfere with biology, have allowed for exploration of numerous biological processes that were previously difficult to study. The reaction of azides with strained alkynes, such as cyclooctynes, readily forms a triazole product without the need for a toxic catalyst. Here we describe a biarylazacyclooctynone (BARAC) that has exceptional reaction kinetics and whose synthesis is designed to be both modular and scalable. We employed BARAC for live cell fluorescence imaging of azide-labeled glycans. The high signal-to-background ratio obtained using nanomolar concentrations of BARAC obviated the need for washing steps. Thus, BARAC is a promising reagent for in vivo imaging.
A Slip Damping Model for Plasma Sprayed Ceramics

Ceramic materials applied by air plasma spray are used as components of thermal barrier coatings. As it has been found that such coatings also dissipate significant amounts of energy during vibration, they can also contribute to reducing the amplitude of resonant vibrations. In order to select a coating material for this purpose, or to adjust application parameters for increased dissipation, it is important that the specific mechanism, by which such dissipation occurs, be known and understood. It has been suggested that the dissipative mechanism in air plasma sprayed coatings is friction, along interfaces arising from defects between and within the "splats" created during application. An analysis, similar to that for the dissipation in a lap joint, is developed for an idealized microstructure characteristic of such coatings. A measure of damping (loss modulus) is extracted, and the amplitude dependence is found to be similar to that observed with actual coating materials. A critical combination of parameters is identified, and variations within the microstructure are accounted for by representing values through a distribution. The effective or average value of the storage (Young's) modulus is also developed, and expressed in terms of the parameters of the microstructure. The model appears to provide a satisfactory analytical representation of the damping and stiffness of these materials.
THE ROLE OF HISTORY AND TRADITION IN THE URBAN GEOGRAPHY OF WEST GERMANY

ABSTRACT Cities of pre-industrial cultures with long-standing and continuous urban life as part of their indigenous tradition are likely to retain historical characteristics even after complete industrialization and modernization. Also, in old cultures with a pre-industrial urban tradition, urban innovations and changes may need to be molded to fit the traditional and inherited pattern. This thesis is based on the observation of contemporary urban characteristics and trends of postwar West Germany. Today West Germany is one of the most highly developed and industrialized nations in the world but has nevertheless retained a number of pre-industrial and early industrial traditions and institutions only slightly adjusted to the modern urban economy. In addition, many innovations of the modern age have been adopted only after considerable adjustment to existing patterns. In view of the vast and sometimes complete destruction of most German cities during World War II, even the typical appearance of the urban l...
The tenuous connection between high-silica rhyolites and granodiorite plutons

The trace element compositions of aplite dikes in the Sierra Nevada batholith of California differ profoundly from high-silica rhyolites (HSRs) and contradict a genetic connection to them. The aplites are strongly depleted in all middle rare earth elements (REEs), whereas HSRs are strongly depleted only in Eu and enriched in other REEs; the aplites are strongly depleted in Y and variably enriched in Sr, whereas HSRs are enriched in Y and strongly depleted in Sr. Volcanic rocks with the trace element characteristics of these aplites are rare to absent in the geologic record. Aplite REE patterns are likely controlled by titanite, which has large distribution coefficients for REEs, whereas HSRs cannot have equilibrated with titanite. Titanite may crystallize late in dacitic magma and thus HSR may be extracted before titanite saturation is reached; aplites would form after titanite appears, but when the melt percentage is too low and the water content of the melt too high (at fluid saturation) for the magma to ascend without rapid crystallization, thus preventing eruption. HSRs could also form by low-degree partial melting of granodiorite plutons in which titanite melts out early. Alternatively, HSRs may be extracted from silica-rich plutons that lack titanite; leucogranite plutons with REE contents that could be complementary to HSRs are present but uncommon in the Sierra Nevada.
AN ENZYMICALLY SYNTHESIZED RNA OF ALTERNATING BASE SEQUENCE: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION.

The reaction catalysed by the RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli has been studied using dAT† copolymer as primer. The product of the reaction, rAU copolymer, contains a regularly alternating sequence of AMP and UMP residues. Measurements of sedimentation velocity, viscosity, optical rotation and optical density melting indicate that rAU can exist as a rigid, rod-like helix which is qualitatively similar to the dAT helix. However, the rAU helix shows a greater stability to thermal denaturation, a higher hyperchromic effect on denaturation, and a higher optical rotation. Attempts to form a hybrid molecule between rAU and dA BU ¯ , a dAT analogue, were unsuccessful. Furthermore no evidence of such a hybrid as a stable intermediate in the enzymic reaction could be obtained.
Upper bound for induced gravitation

Given the assumption that G/sub ind.//sup ts-1/ from the Adler-Zee formula is positive, an explicit and rigorous upper bound is derived for it. For pure SU(N) gauge theory, (16..pi..G)/sup -1/< or =(25/12..pi../sup 2/)(N/sup 2/-1) ..lambda../sub N//sup ts2/ is obtained, where ..lambda../sub N/ is the mass scale. In general the bound (16..pi..G)/sup -1/< or =25(..pi../sup 2//144)C/sub psi/..lambda../sup 2/ obtained, where C/sub psi/ is the coefficient of the most singular anomaly contribution in x space, a constant easily determined by low-order perturbation theory for any gauge group.
An investigation of the apprenticeship organizational socialization strategy

Abstract Using a sample of new employees from an insurance company, this study tested specific hypotheses regarding the apprenticeship socialization strategy. Perceived quality of intern-assignment manager work relationship, measured from multiple perspectives, was found to have an important direct and moderating effect on intern work outcomes. Quality of work relationship was significantly positively related to intern met expectations, role clarity, organizational commitment, and performance, and it moderated the relationship between role clarity and performance.
Identification of two calcineurin B-binding proteins: tubulin and heat shock protein 60.

Abstract Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca++/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase with two subunits: a catalytic subunit (CaNA) and a regulatory subunit (CaNB). With four Ca++-binding sites and a sequence homology to calmodulin, CaNB has been defined as the regulatory subunit for CaNA. However, we have shown that mitochondrial expression of CaNB far exceeds that of CaNA. To investigate the role of this excess CaNB, we have generated glutathione-S-transferase-CaNB (GST-CaNB) fusion protein and demonstrated that the fusion protein predominantly bound to alpha-tubulin, a 57 kDa protein in bovine brain extracts, and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) in bovine kidney extracts. Their Ca++-dependent interactions with CaNB were verified by immunoprecipitation. The binding of CaNB could be demonstrated with purified alpha/beta tubulins and Hsp60, but not GroEL, a bacterial Hsp60 analog. The interaction of CaNB and Hsp60 was not disrupted by the incubation with Hsp10, ATP and Mg++, suggesting that CaNB was not associated with Hsp60 as a misfolded substrate, and may serve as a regulatory protein. Thus, CaNB may play other regulatory roles in Ca++-dependent events in addition to its interaction with CaNA, and may be important for Ca++-dependent processes in mitochondria.
Geodynamics of Cenozoic deformation in central Asia

This paper presents a study of the tectonic stresses in central Asia based on an interpretation of satellite gravity data for mantle convection and supplemented with published fault plane solutions of earthquakes. Northwest-southeast to north-south compressional stresses exist in the Tien Shan region where reverse faulting dominates. The maximum compressive stress is oriented approximately northeast-southwest in the regions of Altai and southern Mongolia. Farther north, compressive stress gives way to tensional stress which causes normal faulting in the Baikal rift system. It is also shown that all of the tectonic stresses in the Tibetan plateau and Himalayan frontal thrust are related to the convection-generated stress patterns inferred from satellite gravity data. These results suggest that the complex crustal deformation in central Asia can be convincingly described by the deformation of the lithosphere on top of the up- and down-welling asthenospheric material beneath it. This observational fact may not only upset the simple view of the fluid crustal model of the Tibetan plateau, but also provide some useful constraints for the future development of deformation theory of continental crust.
Visual Vowel and Diphthong Perception from Two Horizontal Viewing Angles

This study investigated vowel and diphthong lipreading performance from 0 degree and 90 degree angles of observation. Sixteen English vowels and diphthongs were placed in an /h-g/ context to form the stimulus items. Each item was presented by a speaker ten times in random order for a total of 160 items. The speaker was simultaneously videotaped from 0 degree and 90 degree angles under optimal lighting conditions. Ten normal hearing adults subjects phonetically recorded the vowel or diphtong they perceived as each item was visually presented. The diphthong stimuli were significantly easier to identify than the vowel stimuli at both angles of observation. In addition, no significant differences were found between the 0 degree and 90 degree angles in terms of percentage of correct identifications of all phonemes examined. Orderly, predictable confusions also were observed. Those confusions occurring in visual diphthong recognition tended to shift toward the stressed vowel element of the diphthong or to a vowel produced in a manner similar to the stressed element.
Natural evil and the Free Will Defense

Recently Richard Swinburne has argued that the well-known Free Will Defense can provide an explanation of God's permitting moral evil (i.e., evil intentionally brought about by human agents) only if there is also natural evil (i.e., evil not intentionally brought about by human agents).1 Ultimately his argument aims to show that there must be natural evil if we are to have the knowledge we need to have in order to bring about moral evil. Thus, if Swinburne's argument is sound, then, contrary to common opinion, if the Free Will Defense can meet objections to God's existence arising from moral evil, then that Defense can also meet such objections arising from natural evil. My aim in what follows is twofold. First, in Part I, I shall restate Swinburne's argument in succinct form, and show why it is ultimately unsuccessful. And secondly, in Part II, I shall sketch an alternative argument that purports to improve on Swinburne's argument.
The theory of planned behavior applied to continuing education for mental health professionals.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a continuing education class that applied the theory of planned behavior to the intentions and behavior of mental health practitioners. Methods: In 2006 a total of 94 mental health practitioners were randomly assigned to either a standard continuing education class or one that applied principles of the theory of planned behavior. The class topic was a brief, self-report tool that assesses felt need for employment among people with serious mental illnesses. Participants’ intentions to apply the tool were evaluated before and after each class. Participants’ implementation of the tool was measured three months after the class. Results: The class guided by the theory of planned behavior significantly and substantially increased the participants’ intentions to use the tool in comparison with the standard class. Significantly more participants in the theory-guided class than in the standard class (74% versus 42%) had applied the tool by the threemonth follow-up. Among those who implemented the assessment tool, the participants in the theory of planned behavior class also assessed significantly more of their caseload. Conclusion: The theory of planned behavior can improve and may be well suited to continuing education in psychiatry. (Psychiatric Services 58:1324–1329, 2007)
The effect of cold rolling on the creep behavior of Udimet 188

A Udimet 188 alloy was subjected to thermo-mechanical processing in attempt to under- stand the effects of cold-rolling deformation on the creep behavior. Commercially available sheet was cold rolled to either 10%, 25%, or 35% deformation followed by a solution treatment at 1191 o C for one hour followed by air cooling. This sequence was repeated four times and the resultant microstruc- ture was characterized using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD). In addition, the effect of cold rolling on the high-temperature (650-815 o C) creep behavior was evaluated. Conventional lever- arm creep experiments were performed in an open air environment and novel in-situ creep experi- ments were performed inside an SEM chamber. The measured creep stress exponents suggested that dislocation creep was dominant at 760°C for stresses ranging between 100-220MPa. The measured activation energies (402-450kJ/mol) suggested that lattice self diffusion was dominant; however the material was susceptible to grain boundary cracking during creep deformation. EBSD, performed both prior to and after creep testing, indicated that high-angle grain boundaries were more susceptible to cracking than low angle grain boundaries and coincident site lattice boundaries. This result has sig- nificant implications regarding grain boundary engineering of this alloy.
Information Evaporation: The Migration Of Information To Cloud Computing Platforms

The physical location for data used in every organization ebbs and flows as technology improves. In the early years of computing, data were stored on the central system because that was the only choice. As communication technology advanced, a decentralized model became popular and data were stored nearer to the place it would be used. Another leap in telecommunications prompted a move back to centralized data storage, mostly because access speeds allowed the data to be used remotely with minimal time lapse due to transmission distance. The most recent transition for housing data is to move data from various databases, some centralized and some localized, into the cloud. The benefits of moving information to a cloud computing environment have made it attractive to organizations recently. Converting data from one platform to another is done regularly by IT professionals. In each of the transitions described above, data had to be converted in some way and transitions to updated computing platforms are not uncommon. In this paper, the term information evaporation will be used to distinguish the move of information to the cloud from other conversion activities, such as system upgrades or platform transitions. Converting data from a traditional database environment to an Internet-based cloud computing environment requires a different approach to security, attention to avoiding creating information silos, and development of data tags, such as eXtensible Markup Language (XML), to facilitate cross platform data access.
Registration of ‘Denali’ Wheat

‘Denali’ (Reg. No. CV-1075, PI 664256) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released cooperatively by Colorado State University (CSU) and Kansas State University (KSU) in August 2011 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at CSU and KSU, USDA-ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA participated in its development. Denali was selected from the cross CO980829/‘TAM 111’ made in 2001 at Fort Collins, CO. CO980829 is an experimental line from CSU with the pedigree ‘Yuma’ (PI 559720)/PI 372129//CO850034/3/4*Yuma/4/NEWS12. TAM 111 (PI 631352) is a hard red winter wheat cultivar released by Texas A&M University in 2002. Denali was selected as an F 5:6 line in July 2007 and assigned experimental line number CO050303-2. Denali was released because of its superior grain yield under nonirrigated and irrigated production conditions in eastern Colorado, its grain volume weight, and its resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.).
Family medicine: preparing for a high-performance health care system.

As policy leaders seek to lower costs, increase access, and improve quality in the American health care system, strengthening primary care has become a key strategy for achieving high performance. Health reform proposals under consideration in Congress include provisions that increase Medicare and Medicaid payment rates for prevention and primary care services, spread the patientcentered medical home (PCMH) model in the Medicare program, and create a payment innovation center to test and share savings with innovative primary care practices. 1 There is wide consensus that primary care is at the center of a high-performing health care system. The health professional community is leading change. The Future of Family Medicine report in 2004 set forth a new model of family medicine that is the foundation of a high-performance health system. 2 In 2007, 4 primary care professional associations endorsed joint principles for the PCMH. 3 Policy leaders have responded to the argument for the benefits to patients and the nation from a new model of care, and they are increasingly willing to commit resources to primary care with the expectation that such investment will yield returns not only in better care for patients, but also in greater value for the resources dedicated to health care. Primary care will need to undergo fundamental change in the design and delivery of care to meet these high expectations. The National Demonstration Project, launched by the American Academy of Family Physicians in 2006, is already gaining valuable experience with transforming care delivery and yielding important lessons. 4 Despite the leadership of the health professional community, change is difficult and resistance can be expected. Perhaps the greatest barrier to change is a belief that physicians are already delivering patient-centered care. A review of the performance of the health system along key dimensions is, therefore, instructive in identifying gaps in performance that can be addressed by a new model of care. In 2005, my colleagues and I 5 set forth a “2020 Vision of Patient-Centered Primary Care,” with 7 attributes of patient-centered primary care that are likely to yield cost and quality outcomes valued by patients and sought by policy leaders. These include:
Organizational Responses for Preventing and Stopping Sexual Harassment: Effective Deterrents or Continued Endurance?

Survey data from a student population of experienced workers was used to examine perceptions of organizational responses to sexual harassment. Results revealed significant differences in the perceived seriousness of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion. Moreover, women viewed all three types of harassment as being significantly more serious than men. Terminating perpetrators’ employment, providing a verbal/written reprimand, and mandating an apology were rated as being the most common organizational responses to sexual harassment. A significant positive relationship existed between perceived organizational response severity and effectiveness in combating harassment. Results partially supported the notion that more severe responses are associated with greater effectiveness in communicating organizational intolerance of harassment. Contrary to hypotheses, ratings of organizational response effectiveness and appropriateness were not dependent upon harassment type. Further, organizational responses that involved transferring or reassigning victims were not viewed as less severe punishment for perpetrators than were most responses that involved the perpetrator directly.
Cd47-Signal Regulatory Protein α (Sirpα) Regulates Fcγ and Complement Receptor–Mediated Phagocytosis

In autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), circulating red blood cells (RBCs) opsonized with autoantibody are recognized by macrophage Fcγ and complement receptors. This triggers phagocytosis and elimination of RBCs from the circulation by splenic macrophages. We recently found that CD47 on unopsonized RBCs binds macrophage signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), generating a negative signal that prevents phagocytosis of the unopsonized RBCs. We show here that clearance and phagocytosis of opsonized RBCs is also regulated by CD47-SIRPα. The inhibition generated by CD47-SIRPα interaction is strongly attenuated but not absent in mice with only residual activity of the phosphatase Src homology 2 domain–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1, suggesting that most SIRPα signaling in this system is mediated by SHP-1 phosphatase activity. The macrophage phagocytic response is controlled by an integration of the inhibitory SIRPα signal with prophagocytic signals such as from Fcγ and complement receptor activation. Thus, augmentation of inhibitory CD47-SIRPα signaling may prevent or attenuate RBC clearance in AIHA.
Wiped Out by the “Greenwave”: Environmental Gentrification and the Paradoxical Politics of Urban Sustainability

This essay examines the intersection of environmental justice activism and state-sponsored sustainable urban development—how is environmental justice activism enabled or disabled in the context of rapid urban development, consensual politics and the seemingly a-political language of sustainability? Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, I define a process I refer to as “environmental gentrification,” which builds on the material and discursive successes of the environmental justice movement and appropriates them to serve high-end development. While it appears as politically-neutral, consensus-based planning that is both ecologically and socially sensitive, in practice, environmental gentrification subordinates equity to profit-minded development. I propose that this process offers a new way of exploring the paradoxes and conundrums facing contemporary urban residents as they fight to challenge the vast economic and ecological disparities that increasingly divide today's cities.
A support vector machine model for the prediction of proteotypic peptides for accurate mass and time proteomics

Motivation: The standard approach to identifying peptides based on accurate mass and elution time (AMT) compares profiles obtained from a high resolution mass spectrometer to a database of peptides previously identified from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) studies. It would be advantageous, with respect to both accuracy and cost, to only search for those peptides that are detectable by MS (proteotypic). Results: We present a support vector machine (SVM) model that uses a simple descriptor space based on 35 properties of amino acid content, charge, hydrophilicity and polarity for the quantitative prediction of proteotypic peptides. Using three independently derived AMT databases (Shewanella oneidensis, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia pestis) for training and validation within and across species, the SVM resulted in an average accuracy measure of 0.8 with a SD of <0.025. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these results are achievable with a small set of 12 variables and can achieve high proteome coverage. Availability: http://omics.pnl.gov/software/STEPP.php Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Development of a polarizable intermolecular potential function (PIPF) for liquid amides and alkanes.

A polarizable intermolecular potential function (PIPF) employing the Thole interacting dipole (TID) polarization model has been developed for liquid alkanes and amides. In connection with the internal bonding terms of the CHARMM22 force field, the present PIPF-CHARMM potential provides an adequate description of structural and thermodynamic properties for liquid alkanes and for liquid amides through molecular dynamics simulations. The computed heats of vaporization and liquid density are within 1.4% of experimental values. Polarization effects play a major role in liquid amides, which are reflected by an increase of 1.5−1.8 D in molecular dipole moment for primary and secondary amides. Furthermore, the computed polarization energies contribute to the total intermolecular interaction energy by 6−24%. The ability of the PIPF-CHARMM force field to treat protein backbone structures is tested by examining the potential energy surface of the amide bond rotation in N-methylacetamide and the Ramachandran surface ...