cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Insubordination’ in the light of the Uniformitarian Principle

Assuming that the Uniformitarian Principle refers to processes of production and perception, I argue that it remains invaluable for work on language in the last five thousand years or so, the period of linguistic historical record. In this article I show that some proposals about the development of ‘insubordination’ (Evans 2007), particularly those that link it to degrammaticalization (e.g. Higashiizumi 2006 on because-monoclauses; Brinton 2014 on as if clauses), are artifacts of theory (Kaiser & Struckmeier 2015), and do not conform to processes that can be projected from a Uniformitarian Process Principle that pays attention to interactional practices. I investigate evidence in the history of English for the development of finite independent monoclauses that are introduced by subordinators, for example, Because you don't understand, If we could see that picture again, As if you are not gorgeous. I conclude that, at least in English, such monoclauses are chunks that are used incrementally in on-line interaction, just like independent NPs and prepositional and adverbial phrases (Ford et al. 2002; Couper-Kuhlen 2011; see also Lindstrom & Londen 2008 on Swedish monoclauses with subordinators; Gras & Sansinena 2015 on Spanish monoclausal que-constructions). In such cases degrammaticalization is not relevant. The Uniformitarian Processes Principle can serve as an important corrective on artifacts of theory.
Abstract P205: Anticoagulation Volume Does Not Predict Facility Performance of Time in Therapeutic INR Range of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A National VA Study

Introduction: Effectiveness of warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) is proportional to the time in INR therapeutic range of 2.0-3.0. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) ≥ 58% is a...
Testosterone Rex: Myths of Sex, Science, and Society: by Cordelia Fine. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2017, 266 pages, $26.95 (hardcover)

In Testosterone Rex: Myths of Sex, Science, and Society, Cordelia Fine targets one of the most persistent, ubiquitous stories about difference between the sexes: “Testosterone Rex.” Fine defines “T...
Nonthermal production of dark matter from primordial black holes

We present a scenario for nonthermal production of dark matter from evaporation of primordial black holes. A period of very early matter domination leads to formation of black holes with a maximum mass of $\ensuremath{\simeq}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}$, whose subsequent evaporation prior to big bang nucleosynthesis can produce all of the dark matter in the Universe. We show that the correct relic abundance can be obtained in this way for thermally underproduced dark matter in the 100 GeV--10 TeV mass range. To achieve this, the scalar power spectrum at small scales relevant for black hole formation should be enhanced by a factor of $\mathcal{O}({10}^{5})$ relative to the scales accessible by the cosmic microwave background experiments.
Automated Radiology-Pathology Module Correlation Using a Novel Report Matching Algorithm by Organ System.

Objectives and Rationale Radiology-pathology correlation is time-consuming and is not feasible in most clinical settings, with the notable exception of breast imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated radiology-pathology report pairing system could accurately match radiology and pathology reports, thus creating a feedback loop allowing for more frequent and timely radiology-pathology correlation. Methods An experienced radiologist created a matching matrix of radiology and pathology reports. These matching rules were then exported to a novel comprehensive radiology-pathology module. All distinct radiology-pathology pairings at our institution from January 1, 2016 to July 1, 2016 were included ( n = 8999). The appropriateness of each radiology-pathology report pairing was scored as either “correlative” or “non-correlative.” Pathology reports relating to anatomy imaged in the specific imaging study were deemed correlative, whereas pathology reports describing anatomy not imaged with the particular study were denoted non-correlative. Results Overall, there was 88.3% correlation (accuracy) of the radiology and pathology reports ( n = 8999). Subset analysis demonstrated that computed tomography (CT) abdomen/pelvis, CT head/neck/face, CT chest, musculoskeletal CT (excluding spine), mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen/pelvis, MRI brain, musculoskeletal MRI (excluding spine), breast MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), breast ultrasound, and head/neck ultrasound all demonstrated greater than 91% correlation. When further stratified by imaging modality, CT, MRI, mammography, and PET demonstrated excellent correlation (greater than 96.3%). Ultrasound and non-PET nuclear medicine studies demonstrated poorer correlation (80%). Conclusion There is excellent correlation of radiology imaging reports and appropriate pathology reports when matched by organ system. Rapid, appropriate radiology-pathology report pairings provide an excellent opportunity to close feedback loop to the interpreting radiologist.
Trauma Patients with an Open Abdomen Following Damage Control Laparotomy can be Extubated Prior to Abdominal Closure

The open abdomen (OA) is commonly utilized as a technique during damage control laparotomy (DCL). We propose that a selected group of these OA patients can be extubated prior to abdominal closure to decrease ventilator days and risk of pneumonia. A retrospective chart review was performed at a Level I trauma center on all adult trauma patients with an OA following DCL. Patients were stratified into two groups: extubated prior to (PRE) and extubated after (POST) abdominal closure. Successful extubation in the PRE group was measured by the absence of re-intubation. The two groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors for successful extubation prior to abdominal closure. Thirty-one patients were in the PRE group, and 59 patients in the POST group. There were no differences between the groups with regard to age, gender, or hours from admission to completion of DCL. The PRE group had a significantly higher incidence of penetrating trauma (77 vs. 53%; p = 0.02), a significantly lower number of days from OA to extubation [0.6 (0.2–1.1) vs. 3.4 (2–-8) days; p < 0.001], and a significant decrease in pneumonia (10 vs. 31%; p = 0.04). Two patients in each group required re-intubation [PRE (6%) vs. POST (3%); p = 0.61]. In a multivariate binominal logistic regression, penetrating trauma (p = 0.024), GCS on admission (p < 0.0001), and Injury Severity Score (p = 0.024) were identified as independent predictors for successful extubation. Presence of an OA following DCL does not require mechanical ventilation. Extubation of appropriate trauma patients prior to abdominal closure decreases pneumonia and hospital length of stay.
Imaging Genes for Viral and Adoptive Therapies

The concept of using gene therapy for cancer treatment was initially met with enthusiasm. The possibility of replacing or altering damaged genes, the introduction of suicide genes into cancer cells, and the alteration of cell function as a consequence of exogenous gene expression were advocated. Therapeutic genes can be transferred to patients through a variety of vehicles. These include retroviruses, herpes viruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses, baculoviruses, liposomes, bacterial hosts, naked DNA, DNA precipitates, and protein-DNA conjugates (Table 1) (1,2). However, the practical application of gene therapy to treat cancer has been somewhat disappointing so far. Major obstacles remain, including the inability to target appropriate tissues and deliver therapeutic genes to a sufficient number of target cells, the inability to monitor the level of expression of the therapeutic gene, the loss of therapeutic gene expression over time, and the inability to correlate the level and duration of gene expression with therapeutic outcome.
The Biology and Genetics of Melanoma

Like all human malignancies, the incidence of melanoma reflects the interaction of genetic predisposition with environmental exposures. Melanoma is perhaps unusual in this regard, however, in that in no other common tumor type is there such an advanced understanding of both the underlying environmental and genetic factors. The majority of melanoma occurs in the setting of a common environmental exposure: ultraviolet irradiation. Likewise, several congenital melanoma-prone genetic conditions have been identified, including germline polymorphisms that attenuate cell cycle regulation, that decrease skin pigmentation, that hamper DNA repair, and that impair melanocytic differentiation. Lastly, the large majority of sporadic melanomas share 2 classes of acquired mutations: those affecting RAS-RAF signaling and those that target the INK4a/ARF locus on chromosome 9p21. This well-developed comprehension of both the environmental and genetic causes of this disease has allowed for the generation of sophisticated in vitro and murine models, which have reinforced and furthered our understanding of the development of this cancer. This chapter reviews decades’ worth of genetic and biologic insights from the study of these models, and their contribution to our understanding of the pathogenesis of melanoma. A review of this work also makes obvious the continued challenges in the field: to use our hard-earned molecular comprehension of this disease to elucidate the disturbing clinical features of melanoma; namely, an intense therapeutic resistance and proclivity for early metastasis. The present ability to study faithful murine melanoma models, coupled with advances in rational drug design, has generated optimism for the development of effective prevention and screening programs, as well as successful targeted therapeutics in the near future.
Plaque-forming λ-Mu hybrids

Abstract We have isolated plaque-forming λ particles carrying different segments of the temperate phage Mu DNA. These hybrids were obtained by heat induction of dilysogens in which Mu was inserted into the lac genes in λp lac 5 c I857 S 7. The hybrid DNA molecules, derived from three different insertions of Mu, were digested with the specific endonucleases of Hemophilus influenzae , and the resulting fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the fragments produced from λp lac 5 c I857 S 7, Mu, and the presumptive hybrids confirmed that a part of the λ genome had been deleted and that portions of Mu DNA had been added. The amount of Mu DNA present did not correspond to the amount of λ DNA absent. Analysis of the fragments obtained from the vegetative Mu DNA indicated that both ends of Mu DNA are variable in length.
Impact of Fruit Zone Sunlight Exposure on Ripening Profiles of Cold Climate Interspecific Hybrid Winegrapes

The introduction of cold climate interspecific hybrid grape (CCIHG) cultivars has stimulated a new wine industry in northern climates; however, high fruit acidity at harvest and limited information on fruit composition of these new cultivars make producing quality wines difficult. Organic acid and sugar profiles were determined during two growing seasons for Brianna, Frontenac, La Crescent, and Marquette under control and fruit zone exposure (“exposed”) treatments consisting of removing two to three leaves/shoot that were shading clusters and lateral shoots from the first three node positions, two weeks after fruit set. From veraison to harvest, glucose to fructose ratios ranged from 0.88 to 1.13, and tartaric to malic acid ratios ranged from 0.23 to 0.88 between years and cultivars. La Crescent and Frontenac had higher levels of acidity from veraison to harvest, mainly due to high levels of malic acid. The exposed treatment increased irradiance in the cluster zone, as well as berry temperature. Treatment effect on fruit glucose and fructose concentrations varied among cultivars and growing seasons. The exposed treatment reduced total titratable acidity, particularly malic acid concentrations in almost all evaluated cultivars. Leaf and lateral shoot removal just prior to veraison could be an effective tool to reduce acidity in CCIHG grown in cold climate regions with short growing seasons. In addition, this work highlights the need to develop independent fruit maturity standards for CCIHG, as opposed to relying on those established for Vitis vinifera cultivars.
A Survey of Formal Specification Application to Safety Critical Systems

Safety critical systems are systems where a failure to find a fault can cause serious harm to the environment and people or even can lead to loss of life. The most important requirement of the system is to keep it fault free. This will be possible if the system is subject to development and verification in a systematic approach. Formal specification methods, as the name suggests, are truly formal with a strong mathematical background that can be trusted to facilitate the development of fault-free systems. The paper will discuss examples of safety-critical systems and some common type of errors that are found in the development of such systems will be discussed. The paper will examine how different domains affect the standards of formal specification methods in different applications. The approach will be to survey various papers in the related fields.
Prospective Assessment of Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography for Discriminating Biliary Atresia from other Causes of Neonatal Cholestasis

Objective To prospectively assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) and hepatobiliary laboratory biomarkers for discriminating biliary atresia from other causes of neonatal cholestasis. Study design Forty-one patients 2 mg/dL) and possible biliary atresia were prospectively enrolled. Both 2-dimensional (2D) and point ultrasound SWE were performed prior to knowing the final diagnosis. Median 2D (8) and point (10) shear wave speed measurements were calculated for each subject and used for analyses. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare shear wave speed and laboratory measurements between patients with and without biliary atresia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate diagnostic performance. Results Thirteen subjects (31.7%) were diagnosed with biliary atresia, and 28 subjects (68.3%) were diagnosed with other causes of neonatal cholestasis. Median age at the time of ultrasound SWE was 37 days. Median 2D (2.08 vs 1.49 m/s, P = .0001) and point (1.95 vs 1.21 m/s, P = .0014) ultrasound SWE measurements were significantly different between subjects with and without biliary atresia. Using a cut-off value of >1.84 m/s, 2D ultrasound SWE had a sensitivity = 92.3%, specificity = 78.6%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC) of 0.89 (P 320 (U/L), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) had a sensitivity = 100.0%, specificity = 77.8%, and AuROC of 0.85 (P Conclusions Ultrasound SWE and GGT can help discriminate biliary atresia from other causes of neonatal cholestasis.
Dairy Product Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk in the United States

An ongoing controversy exists regarding the effect of dairy products on prostate cancer risk in observational studies. We prospectively investigated the associations between dairy product consumption and prostate cancer risk among men in the United States. After calculating pre-diagnostic intake of individual or subgroups of dairy products using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pathologically-verified cases of incident prostate cancer among men, overall, or stratified by severity. Among 49,472 men, 4134 were diagnosed with prostate cancer during an average follow-up period of 11.2 years. The median total dairy intake was 101 g/1000 kcal. Consumption of total, individual, or subgroups of dairy products was not statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer risk overall (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.96–1.15 comparing the highest with lowest quartile) or stratified by severity, except for regular-fat dairy product intake with late-stage prostate cancer risk (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.04–1.82 comparing the highest with lowest quartile) and 2%-fat milk intake with advanced prostate cancer risk (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02–1.28 comparing the higher than median intake with no intake group). Our findings do not support the previously reported harmful impact of dairy consumption on overall prostate cancer risk among men in the United States.
Subsurface banding of poultry litter influence on runoff nutrient losses in a no-tillage maize cropping system

Abstract Poultry litter (PL) is often used as an alternative nutrient source to inorganic fertilization for crop production in the southeastern US. Historically, PL has been broadcast applied on the soil surface, leaving the nutrients susceptible to runoff. Developments made in recent years allow for placing PL in narrow bands below the soil surface with minimal disturbance. This technological advancement could reduce the transport of P in surface water runoff from fields managed under conservation agricultural systems. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the influence of banding PL into a no-tillage corn ( Zea Mays L.) field on P loss. Treatments consisted of surface banded PL, subsurface banded PL (3–5 cm below the surface), broadcasted PL, broadcasted commercial fertilizer (CF), and a nonfertilized control. The PL treatments were applied based on an N rate of 168 kg total N ha −1 . For the CF, inorganic N was applied at a rate of 168 kg total N ha -1 and P at a rate of 45 kg P ha −1 . Runoff events (40 min) were created using rainfall simulations (rainfall was applied at 89 mm hr −1 ). The greatest losses of dissolved reactive P and inorganic N occurred with the surface broadcast treatments. Subsurface band applying PL reduced P concentration losses and loading in surface water runoff to levels of the control. No differences were observed in runoff volume between treatments. Thus, total P losses mimic those observed for dissolved reactive P concentration in surface water runoff and loads. Approximately 60–80% of the total P concentration was dissolved reactive P regardless of application method. Subsurface band application reduced total P concentration by 95% when compared to surface broadcasted litter. These results show that subsurface band-applied PL can greatly reduce the impact of P loss to the environment when compared to conventional surface-applied PL and CF practices.
Factor XII Promotes Leukocyte Inflammation and Its Deficiency Results in Faster Wound Healing

Abstract 368 Background: Factor XII (FXII) participates in inflammation. FXII deficient patients have reduced leukocyte migration into skin windows. Recently, we have determined that FXII signals through uPAR, β1 integrin and the EGFR to stimulate ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation (Blood 115:5111, 2010). The downstream consequences of this pathway are FXII-induced cell proliferation and post-natal angiogenesis. Present studies examined if this pathway also influences leukocyte response to injury. Methods: Exon 3- to 8-deleted FXII knockout mice (FXII KO), generously provided by Dr. Frank Castellino, have impaired inflammatory response to injury. FXII KO were wounded by creating full thickness (5 mm) punch biopsies on their backs. The total surface area of inflammatory cells recruited at the injury site/20 × high power field (HPF) was determined and analyzed by Image J (NIH). We observed that FXII KO on Day 1 exhibit significantly decreased recruitment of CD11b-labeled inflammatory cells to injury sites compared with wild type mice (WT) [mean ± SEM, FXII KO: 40220 ± 3732 vs. WT: 59740 ± 6318 total surface area of CD11b positive cells (pixels)/HPF, p=0.0136]. Similar results are observed when uPAR KO were compared to WT mice [39380 ± 5234 vs. 73310 ± 4688, p=0.0001], suggesting that leukocyte migration is mediated through uPAR. On Day 1 of thioglycolate (TG)-induced peritonitis, FXII KO have a mean of 12.62 × 10 5 /mL peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) vs. 25.94 × 10 5 /mL (p=0.0072) observed in WT. Additionally on Day 7, FXII KO have 10.63 × 10 5 /mL PEC vs. WT 25.38 × 10 5 /mL (p 5 /mL peritoneal leukocytes recruited vs. WT 25.38 × 10 5 /mL (p=0.0124). These combined studies indicate that FXII influences the degree of leukocyte inflammation and the inflammatory response is partially mediated through uPAR. Studies next determined if leukocyte recruitment promotes wound healing. On Days 3–5 the rate of wound closure of back punch biopsies is faster in FXII KO than WT (p 5 /mL ± 3.894 × 10 5 /mL cells) and day 7 (18.6 × 10 7 /mL ± 4.0 × 10 7 /mL cells) when compared to WT/KO recipients [Day 1: 68.25 × 10 5 /mL ± 13.83 × 10 5 /mL cells (p=0.041), Day 7: 190.5 × 10 7 /mL ± 51.80 × 10 7 /mL cells]. These data indicate that FXII interacts with neutrophils and macrophages to promote the inflammatory response; its absence causes decreased inflammatory cell recruitment. Conclusions: Our data indicate that FXII deficiency disrupts the leukocyte response to injury by reducing inflammatory cell recruitment in two murine models. Paradoxically, reduced leukocyte infiltration into skin wounds promotes healing. These investigations indicate a novel role for FXII in inflammation and wound healing and indicate a unique potential target for inflammation therapeutics. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Gap-Free Global Annual Soil Moisture: 15km Grids for 1991–2016

Abstract. Soil moisture is key for quantifying soil-atmosphere interactions and the ESA-CCI (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative) provides historical (> 30 years) satellite soil moisture gridded data at the global scale. We evaluate an alternative approach to increase the spatial resolution of the original ESA-CCI soil moisture measurements from 27 km to 15 km grids by coupling machine learning (ML) algorithms with information from digital terrain analysis at the global scale. We modeled mean annual ESA-CCI soil moisture values across 26 years of available data (1991–2016) using a ML based kernel method and multiple terrain parameters (e.g., slope, wetness index) as prediction factors. We used ground information from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN, n = 13376) for evaluating soil moisture predictions. We provide gap-free mean annual soil moisture predictions, which increase by nearly 50 % the spatial resolution of ESA-CCI soil moisture product. Our predictions showed a statistical accuracy varying 0.69–0.87 % and 0.04 m3/m3 of cross-validated explained variance and root mean squared error (RMSE). We found no significant differences between the ESA-CCI and our predictions, but we found discrepancy between multiple evaluation metrics (e.g., bias vs efficiency) comparing the ESA-CCI with the ISMN. We found a negative bias (−0.01 to −0.08 m3/m3) between the values of ISMN when comparing with the ESA-CCI and our predictions across the analyzed years. A temporal analysis, using a robust trend detection strategy (i.e., Theil-Sen estimator), suggests a decline of soil moisture at the global scale that is consistent in both gridded datasets and field measurements of soil moisture varying from −0.7[−0.77, −0.62] % in the ESA-CCI product, −0.9[−1.01, −0.8] % in the downscaled predictions, and −1.6 [−1.7, −1.5] % in the ISMN. The soil moisture predictions provided here ( http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/b940b704429244a99f902ff7cb30a31f ) could be useful for quantifying soil moisture spatial and temporal dynamics across areas with low availability of soil moisture information in the original ESA-CCI database.
The geometric mean

The sample geometric mean (SGM) introduced by Cauchy in 1821, is a measure of central tendency with many applications in the natural and social sciences including environmental monitoring, scientom...
Theorizing Pentecostal Experiences Among Church of God (Cleveland, TN) Adolescents

This article describes and theorizes the liturgical contexts in which adolescents have Pentecostal experiences such as “speaking in tongues” and being “slain in the Spirit.” It is based on ethnographic research done at a Pentecostal church affiliated with the Church of God (Cleveland, TN). I begin by offering a snapshot of modern Pentecostalism in order to demonstrate the framework that informed the context of the current study. Then I describe six factors of the liturgy that facilitate Pentecostal experience in adolescents: the language of encounter with God, the use of music to build emotional intensity, the prominent role of the body, the participatory nature of worship, the call for salvation, and the alter call as culmination of the liturgy. My analysis reveals that adolescents are more likely to have positive experiences if they have been educated in a Christian environment, had a prayer partner, have experienced a sense of distance from God, have accepted a biblicist approach to Scripture, and have a common bodily experience. I argue that Pentecostal experiences are ultimately beneficial and that a thorough analysis of their underlying factors is essential towards the construction of healthier forms of religious experience.
Impact of Pre-operative Aerobic Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Objective Examine the effect of aerobic exercise (EX) combined with standard medical care (SC) (EX + SC) compared to SC alone on cardiometabolic health and quality of life in relation to surgical outcomes. Methods Patients receiving bariatric surgery were match-paired to 30 days of pre-operative SC (n = 7, 1 male, 39.0 ± 5.3 years, body mass index 46.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2; low calorie diet) or EX + SC (n = 7, 0 males, 45.6 ± 4.8 years, body mass index 43.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2; walking 30 min/day, 5 days/week, 65-85% HR peak ). Body mass, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), weight related quality of life (QoL), and a 120 min mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) was performed to assess arterial stiffness via augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75), whole-body insulin sensitivity, and glucose total area under the curve (tAUC) pre- and post-intervention (∼2 days prior to surgery). Length of hospital stay (admission to discharge) was recorded. Results EX + SC had a greater effect for decreased intake of total calories (P = 0.14; ES = 0.86) compared to SC, but no change in body weight or waist circumference was observed in either group. EX + SC had a greater effect for increased VO2peak (P = 0.24; ES = 0.91) and decreased hs-CRP (P = 0.31; ES = 0.69) compared to SC. EX + SC reduced circulating CK18 (P = 0.05; ES = 3.05) and improved QoL (P = 0.02) compared to SC. Although EX + SC had no statistical effect on arterial stiffness compared to SC, we observed a modest effect size for AIx@75 tAUC (P = 0.36; ES = 0.52). EX + SC had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.05; ES = 1.38) than SC, and a shorter length of hospital stay was associated with decreased sugar intake (r = 0.55, P = 0.04). Decreased AIx@75 tAUC significantly correlated with improved whole-body insulin sensitivity (r = -0.59, P = 0.03) and glucose tAUC (r = 0.57, P = 0.04). Conclusion EX with SC for 30 days prior to bariatric surgery may be important for cardiometabolic health, quality of life, and surgical outcomes in the bariatric patient.
The work of love: Great Expectations and the English Bildungsroman

In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens uses the form of the Bildungsroman to demonstrate how the aspiration to transcend the world of labour transforms the everyday life of an otherwise nondescript...
Constrained-path auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo for coupled electrons and phonons

We present an extension of constrained-path auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (CP-AFQMC) for the treatment of correlated electronic systems coupled to phonons. The algorithm follows the standard CP-AFQMC approach for description of the electronic degrees of freedom while phonons are described in first quantization and propagated via a diffusion Monte Carlo approach. Our method is tested on the one- and two-dimensional Holstein and Hubbard-Holstein models. With a simple semiclassical trial wave function, our approach is remarkably accurate for $\ensuremath{\omega}/(2dt\ensuremath{\lambda})l1$ for all parameters in the Holstein model considered in this study where $d$ is the dimensionality, $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the phonon frequency, $t$ is the electronic hopping strength, and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the dimensionless electron-phonon coupling strength. In addition, we empirically show that the autocorrelation timescales as $1/\ensuremath{\omega}$ for $\ensuremath{\omega}/t\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$, which is an improvement over the $1/{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}$ scaling of the conventional determinant quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. In the Hubbard-Holstein model, the accuracy of our algorithm is found to be consistent with that of standard CP-AFQMC for the Hubbard model when the Hubbard $U$ term dominates the physics of the model, and is nearly exact when the ground state is dominated by the electron-phonon coupling scale $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. The ap- proach developed in this work should be valuable for understanding the complex physics arising from the interplay between electrons and phonons in both model lattice problems and ab initio systems.
Comparison of Two-level Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Outpatient Setting.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of two-level cervical disc replacement (CDR) in the outpatient setting. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Despite growing interest in CDR, limited data exist evaluating the safety of two-level CDR in the outpatient setting. METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for all two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and CDR procedures between 2015 and 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day postoperative complication rates of outpatient two-level CDR were compared to those of inpatient two-level CDR and outpatient two-level ACDF. Radiographic data are not available in the NSQIP. RESULTS A total of 403 outpatient CDRs were compared to 408 inpatient CDRs and 4134 outpatient ACDFs. Outpatient CDR patients were older and more likely to have pulmonary comorbidities compared to inpatient CDR (P < 0.03). Outpatient CDR patients were less likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥2 and have hypertension compared to outpatient ACDF patients (P < 0.0001). Outpatient CDR had a lower 30-day readmission rate (0.5% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.02) and lower 30-day reoperation rate (0% vs. 1%, P = 0.047) compared to inpatient CDR. Outpatient CDR had a lower readmission rate (0.5% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.03) compared to outpatient ACDF, but there was no difference in reoperation rates between the two procedures (0% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.07). Outpatient CDR had an overall complication rate of 0.2%, inpatient CDR had a complication rate of 0.9%, and outpatient ACDF had a complication rate of 1.3%. These differences were not significant. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the largest multicenter study examining the safety of two-level outpatient CDR procedures. Outpatient two-level CDR was associated with similarly safe outcomes when compared to inpatient two-level CDR and outpatient two-level ACDF. This suggests that two-level CDR can be performed safely in the outpatient setting.Level of Evidence: 3.
Integral Abutment Connections with Grouted Reinforcing Bar Couplers and Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete

Abstract Use of precast elements in the design and construction of bridges, especially for accelerated bridge construction (ABC), has been gaining traction to minimize the impact of closures result...
Reflexing Suspicious β-Region Findings on Capillary Serum Protein Electrophoresis to Immunofixation or Immunosubtraction for Detecting Monoclonal Proteins.

Objectives Monoclonal immunoglobulins (M-proteins) that migrate in the β region on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) are often cloaked by this region's normal constituents. The present study interrogates the utility of using both quantitative and qualitative alterations in β-region bands for detection of β-migrating M-proteins. Methods Consecutive SPEP cases analyzed by capillary electrophoresis were searched to identify the initial workup on 1,841 patients with increased total β regions, suspicious β-region findings resulting in reflex immunofixation (IFE), or immunosubtraction (ISUB). To augment quantitative information, separate β1 and β2 measurements were established and retrospectively used to evaluate their sensitivity for M-protein detection. Results We identified M-proteins in 205 (11.1%) cases, including immunoglobulin A (IgA) (54%), IgG (24%), IgM (13%), and free light chain (9%) isotypes. Of the 15 cases flagged by separate β1 and β2 measurements that were not identified by total β-region measurement, 1 progressed to myeloma. Of the 56 β-migrating M-proteins identified by qualitative features but without increase in any of the β-region measurements, 1 progressed to myeloma. Conclusions A combination of separate measurements for β1 and β2 regions together with detection of β-region distortions increase sensitivity for identifying β-migrating M-proteins via reflex IFE or ISUB.
Laboratory Evaluation of Wireless Head Impact Sensor

Abstract Interest in head impacts in sport has driven the development of technology for the purpose of impact measurement. Wireless, small form factor impacts sensors have been designed for use in both helmeted and non-helmeted sports. Performance of a wireless head impact sensor was assessed under laboratory conditions using a Hybrid III headform and neck. The Hybrid III assembly was mounted on a low friction sled and impacted with three sports balls at two locations, and from three directions. The ball was projected with a pneumatic cannon at speeds ranging from 10 to 31m/s. The wireless sensor was mounted on the exterior of the headform in the same location and orientation that would be used during play. Wireless sensor estimates of linear and angular acceleration at the headform center of mass were compared to measures obtained from linear accelerometers and angular rate sensors mounted at the headform center of mass. As ball stiffness increased the relative power of frequency components in the acceleration signal above the wireless sensor Nyquist frequency increased, the contact duration decreased and accuracy of the wireless sensor decreased.
A Global Theory of Parametrized Quantum Mechanics

We study the dependence of energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on parameters in the Hamiltonian from a global perspective. This dependence can be realized by topological quantum numbers in general. A general conservation law is found for these additive topological charges in the metamorphoses of energy bands. Many topological properties of “accidental” degeneracies are revealed with these results. In particular, global constraints can make degeneracies more generic (smaller codi-mension). Non-trivial topological charges can also tie energy bands together and make them inseparable. Generally, non-abelian structures arise due to metamorphoses of energy bands. These conclusions are very useful in understanding the meaning of higher cocycles in gauge theories.
Inclusive indoor play: an approach to developing inclusive design guidelines.

Objective The purpose of the Inclusive Indoor Play study was to learn about indoor play and develop design guidelines to inform design of inclusive playthings. Participants Children with and without disabilities, parents, teachers, therapists, daycare owners and designers. Methods Focus group interviews; Children's drawings; and Indoor play simulation. Results The major findings suggest that: 1) play should encourage a child's creativity and develop imagination, 2) inclusive play concept must be employed to design playthings for children with wide age group, 3) inclusive designs improve usability, broaden market appeal, and increase user base, and 4) customizable playthings help children with and without disabilities personalize play situations. Three play principles provide new directions to designing inclusive playthings: 1) offer many play opportunities, 2) provide many modes of play, and 3) include many levels of play challenges. Conclusions Inclusive Design Guidelines were developed from the findings of three studies: Focus group interviews, Children's drawings, and Play simulation. The guidelines served as useful tools for inclusive design and they were employed to design of six indoor playthings. The playthings were instrumental in promoting social inclusion and they met the criteria of the Inclusive Indoor Play project.
The Case for the Development of Public Transit in an Urban Boundary Rural Area

Individuals' preferences for automobiles are often taken for granted in our auto centric society. This study attempts to determine if commuters in a city located beyond the fringe of a metropolitan area are willing to use public transit if it is developed and what are the socioeconomic and attitudinal factors that influence individuals' decision to use such a service. Analyses of survey data reveals that preferences exist for public transit service, which can be partly attributed to individuals' concerns regarding rising gasoline prices and air pollution, and is particularly noticeable among those who are educated and/or belong to a younger age group.
HOXB7 promotes invasion and predicts survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: The homeobox gene HOXB7 is overexpressed across a range of cancers and promotes tumorigenesis through varying effects on proliferation, survival, invasion, and angiogenesis. Although published microarray data suggest HOXB7 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), its function in pancreatic cancer has not been studied. METHODS: HOXB7 message and protein levels were examined in PDAC cell lines and patient samples, as well as in normal pancreas. HOXB7 protein expression in patient tumors was determined by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathologic factors and survival. The impact of HOXB7 on cell proliferation, growth, and invasion was assessed by knockdown and overexpression in PDAC cell lines. Candidate genes whose expression levels were altered following HOXB7 knockdown were determined by microarray analysis. RESULTS: HOXB7 message and protein levels were significantly elevated in PDAC cell lines and patient tumor samples relative to normal pancreas. Evaluation of a tissue microarray of 145 resected PDACs found high HOXB7 protein expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = .034) and an independent predictor of worse overall survival in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-2.39). HOXB7 knockdown or overexpression in PDAC cell lines resulted in decreased or increased invasion, respectively, without influencing proliferation or cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: HOXB7 is frequently overexpressed in PDAC, specifically promotes invasive phenotype, and is associated with lymph node metastasis and worse survival outcome. HOXB7 and its downstream targets may represent novel clinical biomarkers or targets of therapy for inhibiting the invasive and metastatic capacity of PDAC. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Evidence for horizontal transmission from multilocus phylogeny of deep-sea mussel (Mytilidae) symbionts.

Summary Many invertebrates at deep-sea hydrothermal vents depend upon bacterial symbionts for nutrition, and thus the mechanism of symbiont transmission, vertical (via the egg or sperm) or horizontal (from environment or contemporary hosts) is critically important. Under a strict maternal transmission model, symbiont and host mitochondrial genomes pass through the same individuals leading to congruent host–symbiont phylogenies. In contrast, horizontally transmitted symbionts are environmentally acquired, leading to incongruent host–symbiont phylogenies. Each of these transmission strategies is predicted to have different consequences for symbiont ecology and genome evolution. Deep-sea mussels (Bathymodiolinae) are globally distributed at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, depend upon chemoautotrophic symbionts for their survival, and are hypothesized to transmit their symbionts horizontally. This study explored bathymodioline symbiont ecology through quantification of symbionts at two hydrothermal vent sites and symbiont evolution using functional gene phylogenies. These phylogenies revealed a dramatically more complex evolutionary history than 16S ribosomal RNA phylogenies, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer may have played an important role in symbiont gene evolution. Tests of the strict maternal transmission hypothesis found that host–symbiont lineages were significantly decoupled across multiple genes. These findings expand our understanding of symbiont ecology and evolution, and provide the strongest evidence yet for horizontal transmission of bathymodioline symbionts.
Model uncertainties in predictions of arrival of coronal mass ejections at Earth orbit

[1] It is very important, both for research and forecasting application, to be aware of uncertainty estimation of a scientific model, i.e., to know how model performance depends on the uncertainty in the input parameters. Scientific models are becoming more important as tools for space weather operators' applications and for space weather forecasting. It is essential that operational users, forecasters, model developers, and the scientific community are aware of model capabilities and limitations. In our previous study we validated the performance of the WSA/ENLIL cone model combination in simulating the propagation of 14 events of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to the L1 point using the cone model approach for halo CMEs. In this short report we present the results of the uncertainty estimation for the WSA/ENLIL cone model combination studying the dependence of the arrival time of the CME shock and the magnitude of the CME impact on the magnetosphere on the uncertainty in the CME input parameters using three events from the previously reported 14 event list.
The cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of porcine factor VIII

The cDNA corresponding to 137 bp of the 5' untranslated region, the signal peptide, and the A1, A3, C1, and C2 domains of porcine factor VIII (fVIII) have been cloned and sequenced. Along with previously determined sequences of the porcine fVIII B domain and the A2 domain, this completes the sequence determination of the cDNA corresponding to the translated protein. Alignments of the derived amino acid sequence of porcine fVIII with human and murine fVIII indicate that the A1, A2, A3, C1, and C2 domains are more conserved than the B domains or the proteolytic cleavage peptides corresponding to residues 337-372 and 1649-1689. The knowledge of the porcine fVIII cDNA may be useful to understand functional and immunological differences between human and porcine fVIII and may lead to improved fVIII replacement products for hemophilia. A patients through the development of recombinant porcine fVIII or hybrid human/porcine fVIII derivatives.
Synchrotron radiation from galactic sources: What we can learn about particle acceleration

I review the observations of galactic synchrotron sources, focusing on shell supernova remnants (SNRs), with particular attention to attributes that constrain the properties of electron acceleration. Radio observations provide information on source fluxes, spectral index, morphology, and polarization. Recent observations give us strong reason to believe that several young SNRs show synchrotron X-ray emission. Even if X-rays are thermal, however, limits can be set on the maximum energy to which electrons can be accelerated without a spectral break, since no galactic SNR is observed to have X-ray emission (due to any source) as bright as the extrapolation from radio frequencies of radio synchrotron emission. If synchrotron X-rays are detected or inferred, their morphology and spectrum provide important information on mechanisms governing acceleration to the highest energies. I describe models of synchrotron emission from SNRs and their comparison with observations. Finally, I describe the tasks ahead for both observers and theoreticians, to make better use of what SNR synchrotron emission tells us about particle acceleration.
Revisiting Anne of Green Gables and Her Creator

Every year, tourists invade Prince Edward Island looking for “Anne’s land,” the fictional landscape of Avonlea, as depicted in L.M. Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables (1908) and its seven sequels. There is something about Anne that has appealed to millions of girls. Now a new scholarly industry is trying to widen that appeal and to extend it beyond Anne to include the author behind her.
Lime–Soda Ash Processes

As in other chemical water softening technologies, the objective of the lime–soda ash process is to precipitate polyvalent cations from solution by pH adjustment. In water treatment applications, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are the two major cations of concern, though Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, and Mn2+ may also be present at problematic concentrations, depending on the properties of soil or geological material encountered by the surface or groundwater. Typically, a total hardness ranging from 75–120 mg/L as CaCO3, is sought in domestic water softening. In this process, lime and soda ash are added to solution, Ca2+ precipitates as CaCO3(), and Mg precipitates as Mg(OH)2(). To precipitate CaCO3, the pH of the water must be raised to approximately 10.3. Similarly, Mg(OH)2() forms when the pH is raised above 11. When there is not enough naturally occurring bicarbonate alkalinity (HCO3−) in water to form the CaCO3 precipitate, alkalinity must be added (typically as Na2CO3). Keywords: water softening; lime–soda ash process; solubility; cation removal; precipitation–dissolution; carbonate hardness; noncarbonate hardness
Defect characterization in CeO2−x at elevated temperatures—I: X-Ray diffraction

Abstract The atomic defect structure of nonstoichiometric ceria was studied by means of X-ray diffraction. Polycrystalline samples of CeO 2−x (0⩽ x ⩽0.21) have been examined at 900 and 1000°C, with the stoichiometry controlled by adjusting the oxygen partial pressure between 1 and 10 −21 atm. It was observed that the lattice expands as a function of increasing defect concentration and exhibits only fluorite-like diffraction peaks. The integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections were analyzed for CeO 2 and CeO 1.91 , at 900°C by difference electron-density techniques. It was concluded that the cation sublattice is essentially intact, and that the oxygen sublattice must be defective in nonstoichiometric ceria. Least-squares analyses on CeO 2−x (0⩽ x ⩽ 0.21) at 900 and 1000°C supported the electron-density results and also showed that the temperature factors of both cations and anions increase with an increase in defect concentration, implying greater mean-square displacement of the atoms from their equilibrium positions.