cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Donne into Print: The Seventeenth‐Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry

This paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster arising from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition. [Correction added after online publication 24 October 2008: ‘This paper introduces the second Literature Compass panel cluster’ changed to ‘This paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster’.] Comprising an introduction by Gary Stringer and three of the papers presented at the symposium, this cluster seeks to examine the current state of Donne Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. The symposium was held April 6–7, 2006. The cluster is made up of the following articles: ‘Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition’, Gary A. Stringer, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00551.x. ‘Donne into Print: The Seventeenth-Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry’, Ted-Larry Pebworth, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00552.x. ‘ “a mixed Parenthesis”: John Donne's Letters to Severall Persons of Honour’, M. Thomas Hester, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00553.x. ‘What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes’, Paul A. Parrish, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00554.x. *** The early printing history of John Donne's collected poetry was largely shaped by his attitude toward printing. Throughout his life, Donne preferred manuscript circulation to print publication, and that preference had significant consequences for the early dissemination of his poems, their posthumous publication in 1633, and their subsequent textual histories. The modern editor must consider carefully all early artefacts of Donne's poetry – both manuscript and print – in the pursuit of the authorial text. Fortunately, the acquisition of the I. A. Shapiro collection of seventeenth-century editions of Donne by the Cushing Memorial Library at Texas A&M University has facilitated the study of those early printings.
Further Normative and Comparative Data on the Repression-Sensitization and Social Desirability Scales:

The revised Byrne Repression-Sensitization scale and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale were administered to 979 undergraduates to obtain further normative data for these scales. No significant differences were found between the means, variances, and over-all distributions of the present and original normative data. These results were seen as justification for the continued application of the original norms to other state university populations. Correlations of −.435, −.490, and −.454 (p < .01) obtained between the two scales for males, females, and all Ss, respectively. This moderate degree of communality between the scales does not readily support the interpretation that the scales measure a single dimension or that they measure independent dimensions. Further empirical analysis of the scales' interrelationship seems necessary.
NMR spectroscopic and computational investigations of RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 catalyzed isomerization of 1,4-cyclohexadiene

Abstract Ruthenium catalysts with bulky ligands are particularly effective for diene isomerization reactions. Thermodynamics and the mechanism of RuHCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 catalyzed 1,4-cyclohexadiene isomerization was probed experimentally through NMR spectroscopy and modeled theoretically using DFT and for the first time using ONIOM methods. Thermodynamics data (Δ H , Δ S and Δ G ) measured by NMR experiments agree with the literature reported values. For theoretically obtained Δ H values, it was found MP2 method underestimates the enthalpy changes, RHF method overestimates them and DFT method behaves best among the three. Theoretical modeling of the mechanism of the isomerization reaction provided significant insight into the role of steric and electronic effects of the catalyst. A two-step decomposition analysis was carried out to separate steric and electronic effects induced by phenyl ligands of catalyst. It was shown that the steric effect decreases activation barriers, while the electronic effect increases the activation barriers.
BIRTH ORDER, GRADUATE SCHOOL, AND MARRIAGE

The results from previous research have shown that firstborn children have both higher needs for achievement and greater needs for affiliation than do later borns. Sampson (1962) found a higher achievement need (see McClelland, 1961) among firstborns than Later borns, and Schachter (1963) discovered that firstborns are over-represented in graduate schools, a finding which also suggests that firstborns have a higher need for achievement. In addition, Schachter (1959) demonstrated that firstborn children showed more evidence of affiliative behavior in response to the arousal of anxiety or distress than later born children, and Smart (1965) found a greater need for affiliation among firstborn males which was reflected in a greater number of club memberships. The present study investigated whether or not firstborns are more likely to be married than later borns while in college. Since early marriage might interfere with long-range options and career plans and limit freedom of movement or mobility, the higher need for achievement of firstborns suggests that they should delay gratification longer and postpone marriage for more years than larer borns. The higher need for affiliation, on the other hand, of firstborns would suggest that they should more likely be married, since marriage is one form of affiliative behavior. The present study tested this hypothesis, and replicated Schacter's (1963) findings of over-representation of firstborns in graduate school. Questionnaires were given to a random sample of 300 married students (276 males, 24 females) attending rhe University of Missouri at Rolla which for the most part consisted of science and engineering majors. Subjects indicated order of birth (first, second, third, etc.) and sex. Thus, the only children were classified with the firstborns and factors such as number of children in the family, age differences between siblings, and the sex of the nearest sibling were not considered. The same questionnaire was also given to a random sample of 143 graduate students (138 males, 5 females) to see if Schachter's (1963) findings of over-representation of firstborns in graduate school could be replicated within this particular specialized, i.e., science and engineering, population of subjects. The results for married students indicated that only 56 6% ( 136 out of 276) married males were firstborn and that only 11 o ut of 24 (45 8% 'i;) married females were firstborn. Since 43% of the general population are firstborn or only children, these results do not differ significantly from chance for either males (x' = .55, df = 1) or females (x' = .17, df = 1). The results for graduate students indicated that 88% of the males (121 out of 138) were firstborns (x3 = 113.81, df = 1, p < .001). Among females, 100% were firstborn (5 out of 5), but the sample size is too small for conclusions. Combining the results for all graduate students. 88.1% were firstborn. While firstborns were tremendously over-represented in graduate school (a confirmation of Schachter's results), they probably did not differ from later borns with regard to being married while in college.
MEASURING ACCESSIBILITY: AN EXPLORATION OF ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVES

Accessibility is an important characteristic of metropolitan areas and is often reflected in transportation and land-use planning goals. But the concept of accessibility has rarely been translated into performance measures by which policies are evaluated, despite a substantial literature on the concept. This paper is an attempt to bridge the gap between the academic literature and the practical application of such measures and provide a framework for the development of accessibility measures. Issues that planners must address in developing an accessibility measure are outlined, and two case studies suggestive of the range of possible approaches are presented.
Projection operators, quantum field theory, and the pion-nucleon system.

An analysis is carried out of a \ensuremath{\pi}-N-\ensuremath{\Delta} field theory using an extension of the Feshbach projection operator technique in conjunction with a set of identities which relate Green's functions acting in subspaces whose projection operators are related by the action of the meson creation and annihilation operators. Exact relations are derived for the propagators, self-energies, and vertex functions that arise in the field theory. A separation of the pion-nucleon elastic scattering amplitudes into their one-particle irreducible and one-particle reducible parts is obtained. An exact set of coupled integral equations for the pion-nucleon amplitudes is derived. When a certain approximation for the effective potentials in these equations is made, it is found that the one-particle irreducible amplitudes satisfy a set of three-particle equations that are exactly analogous to the quasiparticle equations of Alt, Grassberger, and Sandhas. Moreover, the one-particle reducible parts can be obtained from the solutions of the three-particle equations. These equations are nonlinear in that the kernels are determined by the solutions. An approximate set of linear equations is obtained whose solutions satisfy two-particle and three-particle unitarity and have reasonable analytic structure. An iteration scheme for improving on the linear approximation is presented.
SOD2-mediated Adaptive Responses Induced by Low Dose Ionizing Radiation via TNF Signaling and Amifostine

Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2)-mediated adaptive processes that protect against radiation-induced micronucleus formation can be induced in cells after a 2-Gy exposure by previously exposing them to either low-dose ionizing radiation (10cGy) or WR1065 (40μM), the active thiol form of amifostine. Although both adaptive processes culminate in elevated levels of SOD2 enzymatic activity, the underlying pathways differ in complexity, with the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) signaling pathway implicated in the low-dose radiation-induced response, but not in the thiol-induced pathway. The goal of this study was the characterization of the effects of TNFα receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2) on the adaptive responses induced by low-dose irradiation or thiol exposure using micronucleus formation as an endpoint. BFS-1 wild-type cells with functional TNFR1 and 2 were exposed 24h before a 2-Gy dose of ionizing radiation to either 10cGy or a 40μM dose of WR1065. BFS2C-SH02 cells, defective in TNFR1, and BFS2C-SH22 cells, defective in both TNFR1 and TNFR2 and generated from BFS2C-SH02 cells by transfection with a murine TNFR2-targeting vector and confirmed to be TNFR2 defective by quantitative PCR, were also exposed under similar conditions for comparison. A 10-cGy dose of radiation induced a significant elevation in SOD2 activity in BFS-1 (P<0.001) and BFS2C-SH02 (P=0.005) but not BFS2C-SH22 cells (P=0.433), compared to their respective untreated controls. In contrast, WR1065 significantly induced elevations in SOD2 activity in all three cell lines (P=0.001, P=0.007, P=0.020, respectively). A significant reduction in the frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei was observed in each cell line when exposure to a 2-Gy challenge dose of radiation occurred during the period of maximal elevation in SOD2 activity. However, this adaptive effect was completely inhibited if the cells were transfected 24h before low-dose radiation or thiol exposure with SOD2 siRNA. Under the conditions tested, TNFR1 and 2 inhibition negatively affected the low-dose radiation-induced but not the thiol-induced adaptive responses observed to be mediated by elevations in SOD2 activity.
Relativistic few-body problem. I. Two-body equations

This paper begins with an explanation of the implications of the requirement that a two-body relativistic equation should approach a one-body equation when one of the masses becomes very large. It is found that the Bethe-Salpeter equation does not satisfy this requirement. An infinite family of three-dimensional equations depending on a parameter $\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\le}1$ is constructed, all of which do satisfy this limit. When $|\ensuremath{\nu}|=1$ one of the particles is on its mass shell; when $\ensuremath{\nu}=0$ both particles are equally off mass shell. The fourth order irreducible kernel for this family is studied in the expanded static limit for all $\ensuremath{\nu}$. It is found, both for scalar theories and for a realistic chiral theory of spin \textonehalf{} nucleons interacting with isovector pions, that the leading order terms in the static limit cancel for any $\ensuremath{\nu}$, and that the nonleading terms are independent of energy only for the $|\ensuremath{\nu}|=1$ equation. Other criteria for the selection of a relativistic two-body equation and implications for the form of the two-pion exchange potential are briefly discussed.
Mono versus stereo analytical photogrammetry—theoretical considerations and experimental results☆

Abstract A current research project on the comparison between the monocular and stereoscopic approaches in analytical photogrammetry is outlined and briefly discussed in this paper. The first stage, dealing with the precision of point transfer, is reviewed in some detail. Results of the experiments conducted so far are given and briefly reviewed.
Preconception Care and Treatment with Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Couples with fertility problems seeking treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization should receive preconception counseling on all factors that are provided when counseling patients without fertility problems. Additional counseling should address success rates and possible risks from ART therapies. Success rates from ART are improving, with the highest live birth rates averaging about 40% per cycle among women less than 35 years old. A woman’s age lowers the chance of achieving a live birth, as do smoking, obesity, and infertility diagnoses such as hydrosalpinx, uterine leiomyoma, or male factor infertility. Singletons conceived with ART may have lower birth weights. Animal studies suggest that genetic imprinting disorders may be induced by certain embryo culture conditions. The major risk from ovarian stimulation is multiple gestation. About one-third of live-birth deliveries from ART have more than one infant, and twins represent 85% of these multiple-birth children. There are more complications in multiple gestation pregnancies, infants are more likely to be born preterm and with other health problems, and families caring for multiples experience more stress. Transferring fewer embryos per cycle reduces the multiple birth rate from ART, but the patient may have to pay for additional cycles of ART because of a lower likelihood of pregnancy.
Use of intercostal nerves as nerve grafts in hand reconstruction with rectus abdominis flaps

Following complex crush and avulsion hand injuries with significant tissue loss and exposed vital structures, microvascular tissue transplantation can reliably provide soft tissue coverage in one setting. Rectus abdominis muscle free flaps are frequently used in hand reconstruction because of the ease of dissection, low donor site morbidity, reliable, large diameter vessels for anastomosis, and supine positioning of the patient, allowing two teams of surgeons to work simultaneously reducing the operative time.’ Because of the segmental innervation of the rectus muscle, it is not used for functional transplantation, and the innervating intercostal nerves are routinely sacrificed during harvesting of muscle. We propose that the intercostal nerves within the rectus sheath can be used for primary nerve grafting in complicated hand injuries when soft tissue loss requires rectus muscle free flaps for coverage and nerve grafting is attempted within the injury.
Radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay quantitation of human growth hormone in acromegalic serum: overestimation by immunoassay and systematic differences between antisera.

ABSTRACT Circulating hGH in patients with acromegaly was measured by a radioreceptor assay (RRA) and the results compared to those obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with two different antisera. With both antisera, RIA measurement exceeded RRA quantitation of hGH, the differences being neither analytic nor related to the sampling or handling of any subgroup of test sera. RIA hGH levels measured with one antiserum, raised in this laboratory, exceeded RRA levels by 42 ± 7% (p < 0.001), and with the second antiserum, distributed by the National Pituitary Agency, the difference was almost twice as great (80 ± 13%, p < 0.001). Comparison of the hGH levels measured by the two antisera also showed a significant difference (22 ± 6%, p < 0.005); individual samples differed by as much as 100%. Two peaks of hGH immunoreactivity were found when serum from acromegalic patients was filtered on Sephadex G-100. The minor peak, of larger molecular weight, was not detected by RRA. However, most of the difference between th...
EPA's reassessment of dioxin risk: Directed health research

Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency initiated a reassessment of the risk of exposure to dioxin in the spring of 1991 because of the evolution of scientific thinking as well as the publication of several key experimental studies. This involves a literature reevaluation as well as laboratory studies in both health and ecological risks. One of the major goals is development of a biologically based dose response model. Directed health research involves comparison of sensitive responses in rats and mice, following both acute and chronic exposure, such as enzyme induction in multiple tissues, phosphorylaton responses, tissue dosimetry, and effects on the immune system. The relative potency of 16 dioxin-like chemicals is being compared following chronic exposure in mice for a number of responses in several tissues to better estimate TEFs following low-level, respeated exposures. In addition, the levels of mRNA for induced enzymes is being correlated with the total TEQ in human livers from the general population.
Effect of Noradrenergic Lesions on Subtypes of α2-Adrenoceptors in Rat Brain

The binding of [3H]rauwolscine to alpha 2A- (also referred to as alpha 2D-) and alpha 2C-adrenoceptors in homogenates of rat cerebral cortex was measured by exploiting the selectivity of oxymetazoline for alpha 2A-adrenoceptors. Inhibition of [3H]rauwolscine binding by oxymetazoline was modeled best assuming binding to two sites (p < 0.001). Competition curves for oxymetazoline were shifted rightward by the addition of GTP (250 microM) but were still fit best by a two-site model (p < 0.001). A concentration of oxymetazoline was calculated that would optimally antagonize [3H]rauwolscine binding (with GTP present) to oxymetazoline-sensitive alpha 2A-adrenoceptors, minimally inhibiting binding to alpha 2C-adrenoceptors. Subsequently, [3H]rauwolscine binding to alpha 2A- and alpha 2C-adrenoceptors in cortex was examined 3 weeks after destruction of noradrenergic terminals. Binding to alpha 2C-adrenoceptors was increased significantly after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, (6-OHDA) compared with vehicle-treated controls, whereas binding to alpha 2A-adrenoceptors was unchanged. Pretreatment of rats with desipramine before 6-hydroxydopamine, to protect noradrenergic neurons, resulted in no changes in binding to either alpha 2A- or alpha 2C-adrenoceptors. Thus, alpha 2C-adrenoceptors are regulated by changes in synaptic availability of norepinephrine. alpha 2A-Adrenoceptors are either not regulated by synaptic norepinephrine or are located both post- and presynaptically so that up-regulation of postsynaptic alpha 2A-adrenoceptors is offset by a loss of presynaptic alpha 2A-adrenoceptors.
Structural transition during thermal denaturation of collagen in the solution and film states.

Temperature dependent vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of type I collagen, in solution and film states, have been measured. These spectra obtained for solution sample suggest that the thermal denaturation of collagen results in transition from poly-L-proline II (PPII) to unordered structure. The PPII structure of collagen is identified by the presence of negative VCD couplet in the amide I region, while the formation of unordered structure is indicated by the disappearance of VCD in the amide I region. The temperature dependent spectra obtained for the supported collagen film indicated a biphasic transition, which is believed to be the first vibrational spectroscopic report to support a biphasic transition during thermal denaturation of collagen film. The temperature dependent spectra of collagen films suggest that the thermal stability of collagen structure depends on its state and decreases in the order: supported film > free standing film > solution state. These observations are believed to be significant in the VCD spectroscopic analysis of secondary structures of proteins and peptides. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Innovative approaches to improving organ availability for small bowel transplant candidates.

Small bowel transplant candidates have unique features that create special challenges for providing them with organs in a timely manner. More than half of intestinal transplant candidates also need livers. Because there is a greater overall demand for livers than for small bowels, organ allocation in this candidate subset is dictated by the liver allocation policies. However, the extremely high mortality rate associated with patients on the waiting list for combined liver-intestinal transplantation (LIT) attests to the inadequacies of the liver allocation system in recognizing the unique risk factors in patients with intestinal failure who develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD). This report addresses some of the organ allocation issues underlying the discrepancies in waiting list outcomes seen in LIT candidates and discusses possible contributory factors and potential solutions to this problem. The use of living donor and segmental grafts from deceased donors are discussed specifically as potential surgical solutions to the problem, and the potential utility, limitations, and ethical concerns associated with these innovative strategies are discussed.
Carbon‐Coated‐Glass‐Fiber‐Reinforced Cement Composites: I, Fiber Pushout and Interfacial Properties

Interfacial mechanical properties of carbon-coated-S-glass-fiber-reinforced cement were characterized by a fiber pushout technique. The pushout experiments were conducted on model composites, where the S-glass monofilaments with and without carbon coating were unidirectionally embedded in ordinary portland cement. Interfacial properties, including bonding strength, frictional stress, residual stress, and fracture energy, were extracted from the previously developed progressive debonding model. The composite with a carbon interface exhibited a weaker interfacial bonding strength and frictional stress than did the composite without a carbon interface. The interfacial fracture energy of the composite with a carbon interface was 7.9 J/m{sup 2}, as compared to 47.6 J/m{sup 2} for the composite without a carbon interface. The composite with the carbon interface exhibited a smaller residual clamping stress (18 MPa), in comparison to that for the composite without a carbon interface (69 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the filament without a carbon coating was significantly attacked by the alkaline environment and was strongly bonded onto the matrix, whereas the filament with a carbon coating remained intact under the same curing conditions. These studies suggest that carbon coating provides the glass fiber with significantly improved corrosion resistance to alkali in the cement environment.
Composite Classes and Teachers’ Beliefs

Abstract Teachers in a large primary school were asked questions related to their attitude towards and beliefs about composite classes. The teachers voted to increase the number of composite classes primarily for reasons of flexibility, stability, mutual support and, in some cases, because of a belief in their educational value. This article discusses their responses in light of the literature on multiage schooling. The problems most commonly mentioned by teachers related to whole‐school rather than within‐class factors, such as organisation, co‐ordination and timetabling. An inflexible grade structure was seen as a major constraint. The more experience a teacher had of teaching a composite class, the more likely s/he was to have positive feelings about composite classes. In view of the large and increasing number of composite classes in NSW primary schools, some compulsory exposure to both the theory and practice of multiage teaching is recommended for teacher trainees.
On the solution of a nonlinear programming problem by decomposition

A decomposition method, used in least-weight plastic design, is extended to solve problems with nonlinearity arising from variable structure geometry. The problem considered is that of finding vectorsx 1,x 2, andq that minimize [l max{|x 1|, |x 2|}], subject toAx 1=b 1 andAx 2=b 2, where both the vectorl and the matrixA are nonlinear functions ofq.
Cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis in a homosexual man with Kaposi's sarcoma: Isolation of CMV from CSF cells

A 36-year-old homosexual man developed a lymphocytic meningoencephalitis, lymphadenopathy, decreased helper/suppressor ratio in peripheral blood, and Kaposi9s sarcoma. After repetitive evaluations for bacterial and fungal agents were negative, viral cultures were positive for cytomegalovirus. Virus was isolated only from CSF cells obtained from a large volume of fresh CSF. We present this case to document the association of CMV meningoencephalitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and to emphasize that aggressive attempts to isolate CMV from CSF cells may be warranted in undiagnosed meningoencephalitis in patients at risk for AIDS.
Access and Use in the Digital Age: A Case Study of a Digital Postcard Collection

This article reflects on the first eighteen months of a long-term project to digitize a large and still-growing postcard collection. The project is notable for its use of student workers, developing an active donor base, establishing a significant online presence, and igniting interest in, use of, and donations to the collection itself. Throughout 2014, statistics from Google Analytics, CONTENTdm, and Flickr were monitored and analyzed. Combined with a review of the project itself, this case study examines how cultural heritage materials may be made available on a limited budget and used in the Digital Age.
An involution for Jacobi's identity

Abstract A simple involution on the set of triples of partitions into distinct parts is given which proves a theorem of Jacobi. It is found by explicity identifying an involution resulting from the Involution Principle.
Evaluation of a mass inoculation method of potatoes with Pseudomonas solanacearum

Wounding of potato stems by the application of clean sand at a 45° angle at 550 kPa pressure followed by a spray-mist ofPseudomonas solanacearum proved to be the most reliable method of rapidly inoculating a large quantity of potato plants to incite bacterial wilt in the field. The technique was 100% efficient (320/320) and it was estimated that 10,000 plants/hr could be inoculated by using this method. Because of its hygroscopic nature, sand coated withP. solanacearum created too many mechanical problems to be of practical value for field use even though the amount of wilt after 21 days was not significantly different from that of the best treatment. In addition, viability of inoculum as a bacterial suspension in water was greater than as coated sand.
Principles, Property Rights, and Profits: Historical Reflections on University/Industry Tensions

(2001). Principles, property rights, and profits: Historical reflections on university/industry tensions. Accountability in Research: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 293-307.
On the orthogonal factorization and its updating in band- structured matrix computations

Abstract A systematic study on the problems encountered in the orthogonal factorization of a general band-structured matrix and its updating subject to a rank-one modification of the original matrix is given. A selective set of efficient algorithms is described. A set of strategies suitable for devising an “optimal” algorithm is also presented with some applications.
Maintenance of Arthus desensitization; preliminary report.

Abstract Arthus desensitization was maintained for ten to fifteen days, in seven rabbits, by daily injections of specific antigens. Egg white and ascaris polysaccharide were used arbitrarily. Many interesting problems arose, but no effort was made to solve them in these introductory experiments. Maintenance of Arthus desensitization has not been reported before.
Perturbation of the hierarchical folding of a large RNA by the destabilization of its Scaffold's tertiary structure.

The P4–P6 domain serves as a scaffold against which the periphery and catalytic core organize and fold during Mg2+-mediated folding of the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme. The most prominent structural motif of the P4–P6 domain is the tetraloop–tetraloop receptor interaction which “clamps” the distal parts of its hairpin-like structure. Destabilization of the tertiary structure of the P4–P6 domain by perturbation of the tetraloop–tetraloop receptor interaction alters the Mg2+-mediated folding pathway. The folding hierarchy of P5c≈P4-P6>periphery>catalytic core that is a striking attribute of the folding of the wild-type RNA is abolished. The initial steps in folding of the mutant RNA are ≥50-fold faster than those of the wild-type ribozyme with the earliest observed tertiary contacts forming around regions known to specifically bind Mg2+. The interaction between the mutant tetraloop and the tetraloop receptor appears coincidently with slowly forming catalytic core tertiary contacts. Thus, the stability conferred upon the P4–P6 domain by the tetraloop–tetraloop receptor interaction dictates the preferred folding pathway by stabilizing an early intermediate. A sub-denaturing concentration of urea diminishes the early barrier to folding the wild-type ribozyme along with complex effects on the subsequent steps of folding the wild-type and mutant RNA.
Pornography Consumption and Opposition to Affirmative Action for Women: A Prospective Study

Despite the persistence of wage gaps and other indicators of discrimination, many Americans oppose affirmative action for women. Our study investigated a potential source of social influence that h...
Toward adaptive comfort management in office buildings using participatory sensing for end user driven control

Current building management systems (BMS) operate based on conservatively defined operational hours, maximum occupancy rates, and standardized occupant comfort set points. Despite the increasing building energy consumption rates, occupants are not usually satisfied with the indoor conditions in commercial buildings. This study proposes an intermediary communication platform, which enables occupants to communicate their preferences to the BMS. The objective is to facilitate the communication between humans and buildings toward adaptive end user comfort management and to compensate for high rate of discomfort in office buildings. The design process of the intermediary, as well as the participatory sensing approach for deploying it in a test bed is presented. The key element is the interpretation of occupants' preferences in the form of change in the HVAC system operations. The results are presented to investigate the correlation between sensed ambient conditions and the user preferences. The results show that although there is a weak to moderate correlation between ambient temperature, humidity, and occupants' preferences, the variation of correlation for different occupants is relatively high.
B-lineage lymphoblastic lymphoma is a clinicopathologic entity distinct from other histologically similar aggressive lymphomas with blastic morphology

BACKGROUND The authors present clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic data regarding B-lineage lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL), a rare entity that has not been extensively studied. To emphasize some of its unique clinical characteristics, the authors compare B-LBL with a group of histologically similar, very aggressive lymphomas, T-lineage lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) and the blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma (BVMCL); all were evaluated concurrently. METHODS Clinical data were obtained on 29 patients with very aggressive lymphomas (12 B-LBLs, 10 T-LBLs, and 7 BVMCLs) from whom paraffin-embedded material was available. The diagnoses were confirmed on review of the hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides and the immunophenotype data. RESULTS The mean age of patients with B-LBL was 39 years. Patients presented with both lymph node and extranodal disease, although involvement of the mediastinum and bone marrow was infrequent. Four were Stage I, 3 were Stage II, 2 were Stage III, and 3 were Stage IV. B-LBL patients were treated primarily with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), and one patient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The mean follow-up time was 30 months. Seven of 11 had no evidence of disease at 48 months, whereas 4 patients were dead of disease at 5.6 months. The overall median survival was 24 months. The clinical characteristics of B-LBL patients differed significantly from those of T-LBL patients; there was more frequent bone marrow and mediastinal involvement in T-LBL cases (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). T-LBL patients were also less likely to achieve a complete remission than B-LBL patients (P = 0.02). The mean age of BVMCL patients significantly exceeded that of B-LBL patients (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The authors believe that the distinction of B-LBL from its histologic mimics, T-LBL and BVMCL, has important clinical implications. Patients with B-LBL present differently from those with the other very aggressive lymphomas studied, and they achieve complete remissions more often than T-LBL patients. Cancer 1999;85:2648–54. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
A p-i-r Semiconductor Radiation Detector for Use with Beta and Gamma Rays and Minimum Ionizing Particles

The development of a p-i-n detector is discussed. The detectors are fabricated from readily available lowresistivity silicon using the basic techniques of Pell. Some prelimibary determinations of the response of these detectors to known amounts of incidert radiation were made. The response of the detectors to photons, electrons, and heavy charged particles was determined. Two methods of identlfying gamma emitters with the p-i-n junction detector are described. (M.C.G.)
The effects of an antipsychotic medication on the classroom behavior of four schizophrenic male children

An analysis of attention to task, deviant classroom behavior, and academic productivity data was conducted on four schizophrenic male children to whom an antipsychotic medication was administered. Although the results indicated varying degrees of success as a function of this psychotropic treatment, the medication appeared to have little influence on classroom behavior for three of the children. It was concluded that empirical strategies must be developed for objectively assessing the influence of medications administered for the purpose of controlling the classroom behavior of disturbed children.
The constrained blister test for the energy of interfacial adhesion

The constrained blister test (CBT) was designed to measure the energy of interfacial adhesion ( y) of polymeric films and coatings. Theoretical analysis of the CBT established a relationship between blister growth and interfacial parameters of the form A(t) A(t0)=exp[βp2h ph-γ (t- t0)] where A(t) is the blister area at time t, p is the applied pressure, h is the spacer height, y is the energy of interfacial adhesion, and β is a dissipative coefficient which is also related to geometric factors. The validity of the theoretical model was tested using a rubber-based pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape. The PSA tape was investigated as a function of the applied pressure and the spacer height. A value of 44 J/m2 was determined for the energy of interfacial adhesion. The dissipative coefficient, β, was found to vary with the applied pressure and the spacer height.
In vitro activity of OPC-17116 compared to other broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones.

The in vitro activity of OPC-17116 was compared to that of five similar fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and temafloxacin). A total of 700 isolates from recent cases of clinical bacteremia were tested. Fifty additional stock strains with well-characterized resistance mechanisms were also processed. The minimal concentrations inhibiting 90 % of strains (MIC90) ofEnterobacteriaceae species were for OPC-17116 0.015–0.5 µg/ml and for ciprofloxacin 0.015–0.25 µg/ml.Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae andNeisseria gonorrhoeae were very susceptible to OPC-17116 (MIC90 0.015 µg/ml) thus being fourfold more active than ciprofloxacin. For all β-hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci OPC-17116 MICs were ≤0.5 µg/ml. The most resistant enteric bacilli were among theCitrobacter freundii andProvidencia rettgeri strains (MIC90 0.5 µg/ml).Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were comparably susceptible to OPC-17116 (MIC90 0.5 µg/ml). Low pH and CO2 incubation had an adverse effect on OPC-17116 MICs, and resistance development was documented among current clinical isolates of staphylococci, pseudomonas and someEnterobacteriaceae.
Retained glass foreign bodies in wounds: Predictive value of wound characteristics, patient perception, and wound exploration

A convenience sample of 164 adult patients with 185 glass-caused wounds who presented to an emergency department (ED) and consented to a radiograph was prospectively studied. The purpose was to determine the characteristics of wounds at high risk for foreign body (FB) and the predictive value of patient FB sensation and probing wound exploration for FB retention. Retained glass was located in 28 (15%) wounds. Motor vehicle as a mechanism of injury (P=.003), head as a location (P=.035), and puncture as wound type (P=.002) were more likely to be associated with retained FBs (chi2 analysis). Patients with wounds with glass were more likely to have a positive perception of a foreign body (41%) than those with no glass (17%) (P=.005). The positive predictive value of patient perception was 31%; negative predictive value was 89%. In five cases, wound exploration was negative and subsequent radiograph was positive for FB. In one of these cases, a 4-mm glass FB was removed; in the other four, no FB was found. In conclusion, head wounds resulting from motor vehicle accidents or puncture wounds are more likely to harbor retained glass FBs. Patients with glass FB in wounds are more likely to have a positive perception of FB; however, a positive perception has a low predictive value of glass FB. In this series, a negative wound exploration made the presence of retained FB greater than 2 mm less likely but did not rule out the presence of retained glass.
The influence of deformation path on the slow strain-rate stress corrosion cracking of admiralty brass sheet

The slow strain-rate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Admiralty brass sheet in an aqueous 0.1M CuSO4 solution has been studied over a range of strain paths from uniaxial to equibiaxial tension. At a constant bulk solution pH and open circuit potential, the brass undergoes transgranular SCC characterized by cleavage-like cracks propagating on a macroscopic plane normal to the maximum principal strain axis for all strain paths. The average crack growth velocity is also independent of deformation path. It is thus concluded that the mechanism of transgranular SCC in this system does not depend on multiaxial strain path for the range of stress states examined. However, the fracture strain data show that the slow strain-rate SCC of the brass sheet results in ductility losses which are much larger in equibiaxial tension than in either uniaxial or plane strain tension. This behavior is attributed to stress corrosion cracks acting as linear imperfections whose presence causes failure of the uncracked ligament by a form of localized necking and whose influence is dependent not only on time but also on strain path.
Verification of a Cryptographic Primitive: SHA-256

This article presents a full formal machine-checked verification of a C program: the OpenSSL implementation of SHA-256. This is an interactive proof of functional correctness in the Coq proof assistant, using the Verifiable C program logic. Verifiable C is a separation logic for the C language, proved sound with respect to the operational semantics for C, connected to the CompCert verified optimizing C compiler.
The Enhancement Effect of Corona Discharge on Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Triangular Channels

A numerical research was conducted to investigate the effect of corona discharge on natural convection heat transfer in a triangular channel. The channel side walls were isothermal, the lower wall was adiabatic, and the fluid was air at the atmospheric pressure. The electric field was generated by a positive corona discharge from a charged wire electrode located at the center of the channel. The governing equations of the electric and flow fields were solved by a finite-volume technique. Three cases were considered: (1) natural convection; (2) corona-induced convection; and (3) combined natural and corona-induced convection. The computations encompassed Rayleigh numbers from 3,737 to 37,377 and applied voltages from 7 to 9 kV in the laminar regime. Computations for the applied voltage of 7.5 kV indicated that the heat transfer was enhanced from Nu/Nu0 = 1.01 to 1.04, or 1–4%, for different values of Ra. The enhancement at Ra = 3,737 and the applied voltage of 7 to 9 kV was Nu/Nu0 = 1.01 to 1.40, or 1–40%.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A critical evaluation of the literature on “alcohol involvement” in highway deaths

Abstract Numbers describing alcohol-involvement in annual traffic death tolls, e.g. 27.000–35.000. are exaggerated because studies have been misinterpreted, misread and sometimes misrepresented. Every study of alcohol-involvement in fatal crashes is biased because of incomplete data which show a higher proportion of heavy drinkers than would be found if all victims could be tested. Based on presently available data and allowing for differences in exposure (e.g. child pedestrians are more likely to die in the daytime and therefore less likely to be killed by a drunk) and for the likelihood that not all intoxicated victims are responsible for their own death and that the majority of sober victims killed are responsible for their own death, it is estimated that no more than 36 per cent of all traffic deaths involve alcohol in some causal fashion rather than 50 per cent or more. Eventually, when non-responsible victims under 20 or over 60 yr old. and those killed in multivehicle crashes in the daytime are as likely to be tested as those who are responsible for their crash. between 20 and 60 and killed in single vehicle crashes at night, the proportion of traffic deaths causally related to alcohol may be on the order of 30 per cent. A method for learning about alcohol involvement in surviving drivers is described.
Prediction of flow over helically ribbed surfaces

Fully developed, steady flow through an annulus with a multistart, helical-ribbed inner cylinder is numerically predicted and compared with available data. To facilitate comparison, the transverse-ribbed case is included. It is predicted that substantial differences exist between turbulent flow over helical ribs and that over transverse ribs. The predictions clarify the experimental finding that helical-ribbed cylinders can be expected to have better pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics than transverse-ribbed cylinders. For this work the AERE Harwell code FLOW3D Release 2 was used.
Angular scattering effects in D- production by double electron capture of D+ in Cs.

The effects of angular scattering on the production of ${\mathrm{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ beams by two-step electron capture of ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ in Cs are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A model is developed that describes the evolution of all three charge states in the system as a function of the target thickness using only thin-target, single-collision cross sections. Many of the nine absolute differential cross sections required as input for the model are measured at energies between 250 eV and 2 keV. Additional cross sections are estimated using scaling laws. The model yields a beam-quality parameter: the current density of negative ions whose scattering angles lie within cones containing an arbitrary fraction of the total yield. For cone angles containing 50% and 90% of the negative ions, the maximum density occurs at about 2.0 and 1.7 keV, and at target thicknesses near 4.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ and 3.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$, respectively. These values differ substantially from the conditions that produce the maximum total negative-ion yield.
The Design of a Fully Compliant Statically Balanced Mechanism

This paper describes a fully compliant statically balanced mechanism that can undergo greater than 100° of motion. Because compliant mechanisms achieve their motion from the deflection of their constituent members, there is some strain energy associated with actuated positions. By introducing an appropriate preload, strain energy can be held constant. This can reduce or nearly eliminate the input force required from the actuating device. This paper describes the statically balanced concept and demonstrates its optimization, testing, and implementation for a haptic pantograph mechanism. The statically balanced properties of the constituent mechanisms result in an assembly with two balanced degrees of freedom.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Note on “The Great American Disadvantage: Fact or Fiction”

It is almost always possible to find some fault with any published article. It might be argued, for example, that Donald Sternitzke's article, “The Great American Competitive Disadvantage: Fact or Fiction” (JIBS, Fall 1979, pp. 25–36) could be improved by performing sensitivity tests on various definitions given to the overall region and on the degree of aggregation employed in the establishment of commodity classes. Tests by others have shown that such variations in definitions have yielded significantly different results.1
Studies on the structure of heparin

Abstract Oxidations of sodium heparinate and its de-N-sulfated derivative with sodium periodate were followed by determining the consumption of oxidant and the destruction of the sugar residues. The results support a structure for native heparin with 1 → 4 linked sulfamidohexosamine and hexuronic acid residues, both containing O-sulfate groups. Approximately one in eight of the hexosamine units have free amino groups, and a similar proportion of hexuronic acid units have no O-sulfate groups.