cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow in association with lateral epicondylitis. A report of three cases.

Lateral stability of the elbow depends on the integrity of the lateral collateral ligament and secondary soft-tissue restraints1-4. Posterolateral rotatory subluxation of the elbow has been recognized in association with elbow trauma, surgery for epicondylitis, and congenital cubitus varus deformity4-9. While abnormal signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging have been shown to include the lateral collateral ligament in patients with tennis elbow10, we are aware of no reports of elbow instability detected in patients in whom epicondylitis had been managed nonoperatively. We describe the cases of three middle-aged women who presented with atraumatic lateral epicondylitis and subsequently had clinical findings consistent with posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Two of the patients had a visible synovial fistula and magnetic resonance imaging studies indicative of insufficiency of the lateral collateral ligament. All three patients eventually underwent an examination of the elbow under anesthesia, which confirmed the posterolateral rotatory subluxation. All were treated with debridement and reconstruction of the common extensor tendon origin and the lateral collateral ligament. The potential role of corticosteroid injections in the pathogenesis of combined lateral epicondylitis and rotatory instability of the elbow is discussed. Each patient was informed that data concerning her case would be submitted for publication. Case 1. A fifty-one-year-old, healthy, right-hand-dominant female administrative assistant presented with pain in the lateral aspect of the left elbow of unknown cause. She reported no elbow trauma, unusual musculoskeletal pain, or prior use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (which has been reported to be associated with degenerative tendon conditions11). A diagnosis of tennis elbow was made by the treating hand surgeon on the basis of tenderness over the lateral epicondyle that was exacerbated by wrist extension against resistance. Conservative treatment measures, including the use of a forearm counterforce …
The least-squares error for structure from infinitesimal motion

We analyze the least-squares error for structure from motion with a single infinitesimal motion ("structure from optical flow"). We present asymptotic approximations to the noiseless error over two, complementary regions of motion estimates: roughly forward and non-forward translations. Our approximations are powerful tools for understanding the error. Experiments show that they capture its detailed behavior over the entire range of motions. We illustrate the use of our approximations by deriving new properties of the least-squares error. We generalize the earlier results of Jepson/Heeger/Maybank on the bas-relief ambiguity and of Oliensis on the reflected minimum. We explain the error's complexity and its multiple local minima for roughly forward translation estimates (epipoles within the field of view) and identify the factors that make this complexity likely. For planar scenes, we clarify the effects of the two-fold ambiguity, show the existence of a new, double bas-relief ambiguity, and analyze the error's local minima. For nonplanar scenes, we derive simplified error approximations for reasonable assumptions on the image and scene. For example, we show that the error tends to have a simpler form when many points are tracked. We show experimentally that our analysis for zero image noise gives a good model of the error for large noise. We show theoretically and experimentally that the error for projective structure from motion is simpler but flatter than the error for calibrated images.
Thermal Imaging of Aye-Ayes ( Daubentonia madagascariensis ) Reveals a Dynamic Vascular Supply During Haptic Sensation

Infrared thermography (IRT) is used to visualize and estimate variation in surface temperatures. Applications of IRT to animal research include studies of thermofunctional anatomy, ecology, and social behavior. IRT is especially amenable to investigations of the somatosensory system because touch receptors are highly vascularized, dynamic, and located near the surface of the skin. The hands of aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) are thus an inviting subject for IRT because of the prominent middle digit that functions as a specialized haptic sense structure during percussive and probative foraging. It is a vital sensory tool that is expected to feature a high density of dermal mechanoreceptors that radiate heat and impose thermal costs under cool temperatures. Here we explore this premise by acquiring IRT images of 8 aye-ayes engaged in a variety of passive and probative behaviors. We found that the middle digit was typically 2.3°C cooler than other digits when the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint was extended, and that it warmed an average of 2.0°C when the MP joint was flexed during active touching behavior. These changes in digital surface temperature, which were sometimes as much 6.0°C, stand in sharp contrast with the profoundly invariant temperatures of the other digits. Although the physiological mechanisms behind these temperature changes are unknown, they appear to reveal a uniquely dynamic vascular supply.
1218 A FAMILIAL X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, MEGALOGENITALIA AND A FRAGILE X CHROMOSOME

The availability of improved diagnostic services for mentally handicapped persons and the recent development of refined cytogenetic techniques have permitted the identification of subgrpups within the general diagnostic category of familial X-linked mental retardation. We studied a unique Azorian family whose three affected sons ages 17 (A), 22 (B), and 30 (C) years displayed moderate to severe mental retardation, speech disorder and self-stimulating behaviors. They had atypical facial features with a prominent glabella, large nose, abnormally structured ears, high arched palate, broad alveolar ridges, malocclusion, clinodactyly of the fifth finger, and single palmar creases. The most outstanding features were large genitalia [length of penis 112mm (A), 130mm (B), and 94mm (C); length of testes, left/right 70/75mm (A), 82/80mm (B), and 80/85mm (C)]. The cytogenetic analyses revealed a fragile X chromosome (Xq27 FRA) in all three sons [8% (A), 4% (B), and 2% (C)]. The phenotypic characteristics of the probands with familial X-linked mental retardation, fragile X chromosome and megalo-genitalia have not been described previously. It is conceivable that these patients present another subgroup of the familial X-linked mental retardation category.
Hematologic genetic testing in high-risk patients before knee arthroplasty: a pilot study.

Background Patients with a personal or familial history of thromboembolism are considered at higher risk for thromboembolic disease after knee arthroplasty. While it remains unclear why some patients develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) despite similar operative procedures and the same prophylactic regimen, we presume one explanation would be genetic predisposition.
Red blood cell fatty acid ethyl esters a significant component of fatty acid ethyl esters in the blood

Although alcohol abuse is known to cause an array of ethanol-induced red blood cell (RBC) abnormalities, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are toxic, nonoxidative ethanol metabolites that have been found in blood, plasma, and tissues. Because FAEEs have been shown to be incorporated into phospholipid bilayers, we conducted a controlled ethanol intake study to test the hypothesis that FAEEs accumulate and persist within RBCs following ethanol ingestion. We demonstrated that RBC FAEEs account for approximately 5% to 20% of total whole-blood FAEEs, and that the fatty acid composition of FAEEs in RBCs and plasma are different and vary differently over time. These data indicate that a significant percentage of FAEEs in the blood is associated with RBCs and that the metabolism of RBC FAEEs and that of plasma FAEEs (bound to albumin or lipoproteins) are largely independent.
Methods for Heteronuclear Thin-Film NMR

Abstract The fabrication and analysis of19F-based and1H-based thin films and the NMR techniques employed for studying them are discussed. The heteronuclear magnetization transfer results in disordered media that motivated the development of the ordered thin-film techniques are summarized. The experimental setup and sample geometry for the thin-film experiments are described, and the techniques for thin-film preparation and thickness measurement are discussed. For the NMR spectrometer, coil tuning via changing the applied magnetic field and the techniques employed for lowering the dead time are described. No signal averaging was required to obtain spin echoes from a sample composed of 0.5 μm thin films.T1values on the order of one minute were measured in the thin films at a temperature of 0.5 K. These techniques should be of particular use in studying cross relaxation at surfaces and NMR of membrane proteins.
Aquatic metabolism as an indicator of the ecological effects of hydrologic pulsing in flow-through wetlands

Abstract Water column metabolism is a major component in the functioning of wetland ecosystems and can be used as an indicator of ecosystem health. The effect of hydrologic pulsing on water column metabolism was studied with 2 year's field data and a validated model for two 1-ha created riparian wetlands in Columbus, OH, USA. Aquatic gross primary productivity (GPP) was measured during hydrologic pulses the first week of April, May and June of 2004 and compared to GPP during steady flow-conditions in April, May and June 2005. Pulses reduced diurnal variation of water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen, and negatively affected GPP rates. Mean GPP measured during hydrologic flood pulses was 5.4 ± 2.6 kcal m −2 day −1 , significantly lower than that measured for comparable months with steady-flow hydrology (10.8 ± 3.3 kcal m −2 day −1 ). Solar-normalized productivity values of 0.08 ± 0.01% of solar energy during pulses and 0.2 ± 0.02% for steady-flow conditions were also significantly different. Different hyperbolic curves of optimum productivity with water temperature were seen for pulsing and steady-flow conditions. A simulation model with hydrology, metabolism, and dissolved oxygen sub models was calibrated with 2005 steady-flow year data and validated with 2004 pulse year data. Results from both the field study and model simulations suggest that there was a threshold hydraulic inflow rate between 30 and 50 cm day −1 where aquatic metabolism became negatively affected by flow.
The Signaling Role of Subsidies

This paper investigates the effect of monopoly subsidies on entry deterrence. We consider a potential entrant who observes two signals: the subsidy set by the regulator and the output level produced by the incumbent firm. We show that not only a separating equilibrium can be supported, where information about the incumbent’s costs is conveyed to the entrant, but also a pooling equilibrium, where the actions of regulator and incumbent conceal the monopolist’s type, thus deterring entry. We demonstrate that the regulator strategically designs subsidies to facilitate, or hinder, entry deterrence, depending on which outcome yields the largest social welfare. Furthermore, we compare equilibrium welfare relative to two benchmarks: complete-information environments and standard entry-deterrence games where the regulator is absent.
High Anodic Stability of a New Electrolyte Solvent: Unsymmetric Noncyclic Aliphatic Sulfone

To improve the anodic stability of ambient temperature electrolytes, a nontoxic solvent based on the sulfone polar group has been synthesized and evaluated i the presence of high potential cathode materials. Solutions of high stability salts such as LiClO{sub 4} and Li made in this solvent, withstand 5.8 V vs. Li{sup +}/Li before onset of oxidation, defined by a stringent criterion, even in the presence of high surface area electrodes such as activated charcoal on Pt. Reversible Li deposition and stripping is observed at negative potentials. This means not only that a wide range of overcharge protection is available for high voltage cathodes in current use, but also that exotic cathodes accepting electrons up to 5.5 V from Li{sup +}/Li may now be incorporated in rechargeable lithium cells.
Criticality in the two-dimensional random-bond Ising model

The two-dimensional (2D) random-bond Ising model has a novel multicritical point on the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase boundary. This random phase transition is one of the simplest examples of a 2D critical point occurring at both finite temperatures and disorder strength. We study the associated critical properties, by mapping the random 2D Ising model onto a network model. The model closely resembles network models of quantum Hall plateau transitions, but has different symmetries. Numerical transfer matrix calculations enable us to obtain estimates for the critical exponents at the random Ising phase transition. The values are consistent with recent estimates obtained from high-temperature series.
Stochastic economic emission load dispatch through a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm

Conventional economic load dispatch problem uses deterministic models, which are however not able to reflect some real situations in practical applications since certain inaccurate and uncertain factors are normally involved in system operations. Stochastic models are more suited to be used for investigating some of the power dispatch problems. In this paper, both deterministic and stochastic models are first formulated, and then an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is developed to deal with the economic load dispatch while simultaneously considering the environmental impact. Comparative studies are carried out to examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach. First, a comparison is made between the proposed PSO approach and other approaches including weighted aggregation and evolutionary optimization. Then, based on the proposed PSO, the impacts of different problem formulations including stochastic and deterministic models on power dispatch results are investigated and analyzed.
Future visions of urban public housing

Abstract In November 1994, 75 experts on public and low-income housing from around the USA and the world came to Cincinnati, Ohio to present papers and discuss issues concerning public housing. The Forum included keynote addresses, work sessions with public-housing residents, paper presentations and thematic round-table discussions. Representatives from 29 US housing authorities and from seven other countries were present, as well as public housing practitioners and academicians. The resulting publication, Proceedings: Future Visions of Urban Public Housing , includes 55 papers on such topics as: public-housing policy; comprehensive neighbourhood planning for public housing; public housing in the urban design context; quality of design standards and guidelines for public housing; resident participation and enhanced self-sufficiency in public housing; public-housing alternatives; revitalising and rehabilitating public housing; and elderly, children (and other special populations) in public housing. 1
Role of nanoparticle dispersion and filler-matrix interface on the matrix dominated failure of rigid C60-PE nanocomposites: A molecular dynamics simulation study

Abstract In this study, using classical molecular dynamics simulation approach, we have investigated the effects of nanoparticle dispersion and the intensity of filler and matrix interface attractions on the mechanical properties of buckyball reinforced polyethylene nanocomposites. The dispersion state of nanoparticles was studied by modeling nanoparticles either in a homogenously distributed form or in a clustered form. The quality of polymer–matrix interface was varied by altering the van der Waals interaction energy potential between the polymer and nanoparticle. Mechanical properties of the neat and nanocomposite systems were then evaluated using simulated hydrostatic tension tests. We have shown that the quality of nanoparticle dispersion can modify matrix morphology differently, which ultimately can alter the deformation and failure of the matrix material. We have demonstrated that the quality of nanoparticle–polymer interface affects the matrix morphology and the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. We have also shown that the enhancement in mechanical properties of nanocomposites depend solely on the extent of increase in overall matrix density, regardless the condition of the interface.
Optimal design of mechanisms with the use of matrices and least squares

Abstract A general method of optimal synthesis of spatial mechanisms is developed by displacement matrix-derived objective functions and constraints. The method is implemented by Powell's recently published algorithm providing rapidly converging residual functions from the objective function and constraints of mechanisms. The effectiveness is illustrated by examples of optimal synthesis of mechanisms for function generation, coupler position guidance and spatial curve generation.
The informal social control of intimate partner violence against women: Exploring personal attitudes and perceived neighborhood social cohesion

Intimate partner violence against women is a major public health and social problem. However, our understanding of how the geographic community or neighborhood influences its distribution is underdeveloped. In contrast, there is accumulating evidence that neighborhood characteristics, such as social cohesion and related neighborhood factors, are associated with general violence both at the neighborhood and individual levels. Drawing insights from social disorganization, feminist, and bystander intervention research and theory, this cross-sectional, exploratory study examines influences on the predicted likelihood of intervening in general and intimate partner violence situations, termed enacting informal social control. Specificially, perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion and related neighborhood factors, and personal attitudes toward intimate partner violence are assessed using data from a community sample of 119 New York City residents. Results indicate that perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion were not positively related to predicted likelihood of enacting informal social control of either general violence or intimate partner violence. Personal attitudes towards intimate partner violence were positively associated with predicted informal social control of intimate partner, but not general violence. The need for further research in this area and theoretical and practical implications of the findings for intimate partner violence against women prevention are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 1001–1018, 2007.
Ion beam etching titanium for enhanced osteoblast response

As the demand for hip and knee replacements continues to grow, researchers look to increase the operational lifetimes of these implants. Many implant failures are attributed to aseptic loosening caused from the repeated loading of these joints. It is believed that by improving the interface between the implant and natural tissue, implant life could be extended. This study evaluates the effects of argon ion etching on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and the resulting implications this etching has on living cells. Three ion energies (300, 700, and 1100 eV) were used to etch the as-received titanium substrates. Topographical changes were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Etching at 700 and 1100 eV resulted in the formation of a hierarchical structure of micro/nano-texturization of micron-sized depressions with nano-structured ripples. A rat mesenchymal stem cell population was differentiated to an osteoblastic phenotype to test the biocompatibility of the surfaces. It was found that ion etching the titanium results in an improvement of early cellular activity and may enhance osteoblast performance.
Some properties of a one-dimensional Ising chain with an inverse-square interaction

We report some new results obtained for the thermodynamic properties and correlation functions of the one-dimensional Ising model with an inverse-square interaction between the spins. Using the Anderson and Yuval renormalization-group equations, we evaluate the correlation function and magnetic susceptibility for $Tl{T}_{c}$. Monte Carlo data for the magnetization, specific heat, and spin-spin correlation function have also been obtained.
Femtosecond far-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy: A new tool for studying low-frequency vibrational dynamics in molecular condensed phases

Abstract Low-frequency (terahertz) motions that play an important part in reactive processes in condensed phases are directly probed, following an optical excitation. A voltage-biased semiconductor wafer, excited with a 70 femtosecond laser pulse, is employed as a source for intense terahertz pulses, which are used as the probe arm of a pump-probe experiment. Difficulties in using terahertz probe pulses are discussed. We then demonstrate the method with two examples. In the first, a terahertz signal is shown to follow the solvent response to charge transfer in betaine. In the second example, relaxation of sapphire lattice phonons, excited impulsively by a 405 nm pulse, is observed.
Synthesis of N-(2-Pyranyl)- and N-Cyclohexylindole Derivatives via Stereoselective Addition of Indole Nucleophiles to Organomolybdenum Complexes

Indol-1-yl-substituted dihydropyranyl- and cyclohexenylmolybdenum complexes were obtained via nucleophilic addition of a variety of substituted indoles to cationic (pyran)- and (cyclohexadiene)moly...
An edge router based distributed admissions control over real-time media streams

The performance of most real-time streaming media applications is sensitive to transmission delays. This paper describes a distributed admissions control method to ensure the required sending rates for the real-time media streams. A utility function is first developed to model the satisfaction of delay-sensitive media streams. Then, the optimal admissions control on streams are formulated into a social optimum oriented network utility maximization (NUM) problem. A distributed admissions control method can be developed based on the dual decomposition of the primal problem. The construction of this distributed admissions control method follows the DiffServ approach.
Observation of BeC2−n, a particularly abundant gaseous dianion

Abstract We describe two techniques for identifying double-negative molecular ions. In the first, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is used to identify and count the atomic fragments produced when a molecular dianion is destroyed at the terminal of a tandem accelerator. This method can determine unequivocally the chemical composition of a molecular ion. It is most easily implemented for cluster ions with constituents that can be produced in states of identical magnetic rigidity (e.g. clusters composed of several identical atoms). The other, Coulomb Explosion Imaging (CEI), produces a “picture” of the dianion showing each atom. The diameter and length of the tracks are related to the Z s of the particles producing them. Using these techniques, we discovered a new class of gaseous dianions. These dianions are noteworthy because they can be produced with intensities that are at least 10 times greater than the intensities achieved with any other known double-negative ion. They are of the form BeC 2− n , where n is even and greater than or equal to 4. The largest dianion that we have observed is BeC 2− 14 . A second weaker class of dianions of the form Be 2 C 2− n has also been observed for n =6 and 10. No dianions containing an odd number of carbon atoms were observed. A lower limit for the lifetimes for the most abundant ions is at least 5 μs.
SURFACTANT SUBSTITUTION IN RDS. AN EVALUATION OF THE TURNOVER OF EXOGENEOUS AND ENDOGENEOUS SURFACTANT

SURFACTANT SUBSTITUTION IN RDS. AN EVALUATION OF THE TURNOVER OF EXOGENEOUS AND ENDOGENEOUS SURFACTANT
Incentive and frustration effect of direct goal placements

Effects of rewarded direct goalbox placements (DPs) prior to runway training on first-trial acquisition and resistance to extinction were studied. DPs directly over the foodcup enhanced first-trial performance, but did not produce an overlearning-extinction effect (OLE). DPs requiring running to the foodcup produced the OLE but also reversed the first-trial results. Results were discussed in terms of Spence’s conception of the role of rg in incentive and frustration.
Molecular Mechanisms of Biofilm Infection: Biofilm Virulence Factors

Background: Numerous planktonic virulence factors have been identified that enable bacteria to successfully produce acute infections in tissues. In contrast, very little is known about biofilm virulence factors that enhance the establishment and long-term survival of biofilms in tissues. The Problem: There is a need to identify the genes that encode biofilm virulence factors and understand how these factors function to enable bacteria to successfully establish chronic biofilm infections in tissues. Basic Science Advances: A methodology was developed to screen 6,912 Pseudomonas aeruginosa loss-of-function mutants in a murine model of airway infection to determine which genes were crucial for establishing chronic lung infections in mice. Genetic analysis of 16 bacterial mutants isolated using this methodology identified 15 separate biofilm virulence factor genes whose loss-of-function increased biofilm survival. Sequence analysis of clinical Isolates obtained from seven cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with ch...
Stu Hunter's Contributions to Experimental Design and Quality Engineering

This article highlights some of Professor J. Stuart Hunter's key technical contributions and identifies some additional work that has been inspired by his research.
Wireless connections of sensor network using RF and free space optical links

In this paper, we compare the power consumption of a "line-of-sight" free space optical (FSO) link and a radio frequency (RF) data link. We investigate a 2.5 Gbps line-of-sight FSO interconnection, which consists of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) driver (MAX3795), a VCSEL laser diode (LD), a PIN photodiode (PD), a transimpedance amplifier (MAX3864), and a limiting amplifier (MAX3746). It is shown that the total power consumption is about 370.6 mW in simple NRZ on-off keying (OOK) modulation format. Different lens configurations are discussed in terms of the integration/setup efforts and the beam controlling effects. A 250 Kbps commercial radio frequency (RF) link comprised in Tmote sky module (Moteiv Corporation) is explored to compare with the FSO link. The average power supplied to the radio transceiver is about 50.76 mw. The estimated energy consumption for the aforementioned RF link is 2.03×10 -4 mJ/bit, while the end-to-end FSO consumes 1.48×10 -7 mJ/bit. This paper provides design outlines from the aspect of the power consumption of FSO and RF wireless communication technologies for distributed sensor network applications.
New analogues of benzylacyclouridines, specific and potent inhibitors of uridine phosphorylase from human and mouse livers.

Abstract Kinetic parameters for the phosphorolytic activity of uridine phosphorylase (UrdPase) from human and mouse livers have been determined. The values of these parameters are: K P i = 279.0 ± 66.0 μ M, K Urd = 242.0 ± 63.0 μ M and V max = 3940 ± 175 pmol/min/mg, and K P i = 76.0 ± 7.0 μ M, K Urd = 143.0 ± 9.0 μ M and V max = 293.0 ± 5.0 pmol/min/mg, for human and mouse livers respectively. Benzylacyclouridines, the specific inhibitors of UrdPase, and seventeen newly synthesized derivatives, modified at the pyrimidine ring, the benzyl moiety or the acycio tail, have been tested for their potency to inhibit UrdPase and thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) from both human and mouse livers. None inhibited dThdPase. In contrast, all of the compounds tested inhibited UrdPase. Competitive inhibition was observed in all cases. Several of the new compounds were superior in their inhibition of UrdPase to the parent compounds. The inhibitory potencies of these compounds with UrdPase from human liver roughly paralleled those obtained with UrdPase from mouse liver. The most potent of these compounds was AM-BBAU (aminomethyl-BBAU or 5-(3'-benzyloxybenzyl)-1-[(1'-aminomethyl-2'-hydroxy-ethoxy)methyl]uracil) with a K i value of 18 nM with UrdPase from mouse liver. Structure-activity relationships of the binding of these inhibitors of UrdPase are discussed.
Salting-out surfactant extraction of porphyrins and metalloporphyrin from aqueous non-ionic surfactant solutions

A number of cloud point temperature-depressing electrolytes have been investigated for the separation of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) from aqueous solutions and the corresponding extraction of the organic solutes into the smaller volume surfactant-rich phase using the salting-out method. High extraction efficiencies and preconcentration factors were obtained at room temperature for the extraction of several hydrophilic and hydrophobic metal-free porphyrins (uroporphyrin, coproporphyrin, protoporphyrin and hematoporphyrin) and one metalloporphyrin (iron-protoporphyrin) that were dissolved in the aqueous non-ionic surfactant solutions. Possible mechanisms responsible for the efficient extraction of these important biological molecules into the surfactant-rich layer are discussed.
Magneto-quantum-resistance oscillations in tunnel-coupled double quantum wells in tilted magnetic fields: Variable Landau biladders

We present a linear-response theory of magneto-quantum-resistance oscillations of the in-plane resistances ${R}_{\mathrm{xx}}$ and ${R}_{\mathrm{yy}}$ in two coupled quasi-two-dimensional electron layers in tilted magnetic fields $\mathbf{B}{=(B}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}{,B}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}),$ and explain recent data from ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ double quantum wells. In this system, the electrons are in the two tunnel-split ground sublevels. The cyclotron masses of the two orbits on the Fermi surface have opposite dependences on the in-plane field ${B}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}:$ one increases monotonically, while the other decreases as a function of ${B}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ in the regime of interest. As a result, the rungs of one Landau ladder sweep up through the Fermi level, while those of the other Landau ladder sweep down when ${B}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ is increased at a fixed perpendicular field ${B}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}.$ Ridges are obtained in the three-dimensional plots of both ${R}_{\mathrm{xx}}$ and ${R}_{\mathrm{yy}}$ and the density of states versus ${(B}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}{,B}_{\ensuremath{\perp}})$ due to Fermi-level crossing by the rungs of the Landau ladders. Giant peaks are obtained when two ridges intersect each other. The ${(B}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}{,B}_{\ensuremath{\perp}})$ dependence of ${R}_{\mathrm{xx}}$ as well as theoretical evidence of magnetic breakdown yields good agreement with recent data from ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ double quantum wells.
Scaling to a million cores and beyond: Using light-weight simulation to understand the challenges ahead on the road to exascale

As supercomputers scale to 1000 PFlop/s over the next decade, investigating the performance of parallel applications at scale on future architectures and the performance impact of different architecture choices for high-performance computing (HPC) hardware/software co-design is crucial. This paper summarizes recent efforts in designing and implementing a novel HPC hardware/software co-design toolkit. The presented Extreme-scale Simulator (xSim) permits running an HPC application in a controlled environment with millions of concurrent execution threads while observing its performance in a simulated extreme-scale HPC system using architectural models and virtual timing. This paper demonstrates the capabilities and usefulness of the xSim performance investigation toolkit, such as its scalability to 227 simulated Message Passing Interface (MPI) ranks on 960 real processor cores, the capability to evaluate the performance of different MPI collective communication algorithms, and the ability to evaluate the performance of a basic Monte Carlo application with different architectural parameters. Simulation of different future high-performance computing architectures at scale.Demonstrates scalability to 134,217,728 simulated MPI ranks on 960 real cores.Evaluates MPI collective communication performance on 2,097,152 simulated ranks.Estimates the performance of a Monte Carlo solver on 16,777,216 simulated ranks.
Comparison of Personality Profiles for Intellectually Gifted Students and Students Outstanding in the Fine and Performing Arts Attending Self-Contained Secondary Schools.

The study included 199 intellectually gifted students and 176 students in the fine and performing arts who were administered the High School Personality Questionnaire. The results indicated that the gifted students obtained higher Leadership Potential scores, while the talented students scored higher in Creativity. Several significant differences were found in the personality profiles of the two groups.
Spectrophotometric determination of microgram and submicrogram amounts of silver with thio-Michlers ketone

4,4′-bis-(dimethylamino-)thiobenzophenone (thio-Michler's ketone, TMK) has been found to be more sensitive than the commonly known silver reagents such as dithizone, diethylaminobenzylidenerhodanine, and pyrogallol red. Silver reacts with TMK at pH 3.0 ± 0.2 forming a 1-to-1 red complex with two absorption maxima, 480 nm and 520 nm. The latter is recommended for the absorbance measurement. The silver-TMK complex can be extracted with isoamyl alcohol orn-hexanol or its color may be developed in a 60% ethanol or methanol solution. Procedures are described for determining silver in microgram and submicrogram amounts. The sensitivity and absorptivity of the silver TMK complex are found to be 0.001 and 93800, respectively. Like most silver compounds, the silver TMK complex must be protected from light. The use of amber glass separatory funnels is recommended. Silver may be determined with TMK in the presence of tartaric acid and EDTA. New color reactions of TMK with other elements in the presence of ascorbic acid are reported.
Synthesis of the AB subunit of angelmicin B through a tandem alkoxy radical fragmentation-etherification sequence.

The synthesis of the tricyclic enone 2, corresponding to the AB subunit of the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor angelmicin B, is described. The strategy centers on an intramolecular Diels−Alder (IMDA) reaction on triene 4 to provide the complex decalin 3, which is elaborated to 2. Other key steps are the formation of the THF ring in 2 through a tandem alkoxy radical fragmentation-etherification on the lactol derived from 3, and the synthesis of 4 via a ring-closing ene-yne metathesis (RCEYM).
Phase-shift balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock

Abstract Twenty-one patients with intractable shock (in 20, secondary to myocardial infarction; in one, probably due to aneurysm-induced left ventricular pump failure) were treated with mechanical circulatory assistance utilizing an intraaortic balloon. In 16 patients circulatory failure developed within 36 hours of the onset of myocardial infarction. Shock was permanently reversed in 13 of these patients, and 5 were well 7 to 18 months after mechanical assistance; 2 long-term survivors died, one 19 months, and the other 7 months, after balloon pumping. In 5 patients in whom the onset of circulatory failure was delayed to 36 hours or more after myocardial infarction, shock was reversed during active mechanical assistance. The limiting factor in 4 of these patients was the natural evolution of the infarct to necrosis and myocardial rupture. In contrast, 18 patients, in whom mechanically assisted circulation was indicated but for various reasons could not be performed, died from shock. On the basis of this limited experience, we believe that mechanical circulatory assistance has a real therapeutic role in the treatment of intractable circulatory failure developing relatively early in the course of acute myocardial infarction. Its efficacy in so-called delayed circulatory failure requires further clarification.
The Feasibility of First Step to Success with Preschoolers

The primary purpose of this study was to examine feasibility of the preschool version of the First Step to Success (FSS) intervention. Toward this end, the following four research questions were addressed: (1) To what extent was the intervention implemented with integrity? (2) To what extent do teachers and parents perceive the intervention to be socially valid? (3) To what extent were teachers and parents satisfied with the intervention? and (4) To what extent was the intervention effective in reducing problem behavior and improving social skills? Twelve students participated in the study. Treatment integrity, social validity, and satisfaction results were analyzed at the aggregate level, and a reliable change index was calculated at the case level for primary outcome measures to assess the potential efficacy of the intervention. Fidelity data suggest the preschool version of the intervention can be implemented with acceptable integrity by coaches and teachers in preschool settings. Social validity outcomes suggest parents' perceptions of the program's goals, procedures, and outcomes were extremely favorable, and social validity from the teacher perspective was acceptable. The results provide initial evidence that participating in the preschool version of the FSS intervention improves children's social skills and decreases problem behavior.
Size at birth in an inner-city population.

Recent comparisons of growth curves and incidence of low birth weight are available for Caucasians and African-Americans or Hispanics. To compare size at birth in Hispanics with African-Americans in an inner-city population, we analyzed data or mother-infant pairs admitted to Jacobi Medical Center from January 1, 1995 until May 31, 1997 and those with a gestational age less than 34 weeks admitted from June 1, 1997 until December 31, 1997. The population mostly included mothers covered by Medicaid. The study sample included 2852 infants (1641 Hispanics and 1211 African-Americans). Among singletons, the incidence of teenage pregnancy was higher and those of premature delivery and low birth weight were lower in Hispanics than in African-Americans. Among full-term singletons, boys were heavier than girls (difference 116 g, confidence interval (CI) 57,174, p < 0.001 after adjusting for gestational age, gender, and teenage pregnancy), and Hispanics were heavier than African-Americans (adjusted difference 70 g, Confidence Interval (Cl) 11,128, p = 0.019). Additional studies are needed to assess the effect of race on neonatal size after adjusting for dif ferences in prepregnancy weight, weight gain, parity, social class, or other factors.
Age differences in adolescent body satisfaction.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore differences in body satisfaction among female adolescents 14 to 18 years of age. Principal components analysis of a body cathexis measure completed by 751 high school cheerleaders indicated that six factors defined the adolescents' attitudes toward their bodies: satisfaction with the midsection and overall appearance, peripheral body parts, hair and face, mouth, hands, and height. An Age x Body Satisfaction multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted; a Bonferroni adjusted alpha of .007 was established for subsequent ANOVAs. Satisfaction with the mouth increased significantly as age increased, and a similar but nonsignificant trend was found for peripheral body parts. The findings contradict previous research reporting no age differences in the body satisfaction of adolescents. Role demands and physical maturation of the cheerleaders may explain differences based on age.
On reducing computational burden in the Kalman filter

A minimum variance linear filter which estimates only a part of the state is presented in this paper. The undesired part of the state is eliminated by a simple linear transformation. A filter is derived for the new reduced order plant dynamics which contain one-step-correlated noise and a simple delay. Comparison to the Kalman filter shows that the new reduced order filter can give a substantial reduction in computational burden and storage requirements.
The effect of electrical stimulation on bone formation around hydroxyapatite implants placed on the rabbit mandible.

Nonresorbable, nonporous, particulate hydroxyapatite (HA) was implanted on the mandible in rabbits and stimulated electrically, 4 hours per day, during the first postoperative week. Stimulated and control implant sites were recovered 8 weeks postoperatively and examined histologically. The HA migrated into the mandible in the electrically treated specimens, and was routinely found in intimate association with preexisting mandibular bone. In the controls, the HA remained superior to the mandibular surface. In further studies (without electrical stimulation) in which the implant site was recovered 26 weeks postoperatively, HA was observed in the mandible; some HA particles migrated completely through the mandible and were found in the adjacent soft tissue. It was concluded that, under the conditions studied, electrical stimulation does not promote bone growth into HA, but rather produces the opposite result—it promotes more rapid movement of HA particles into the mandibular bone. The HA particle migration into the mandible observed (longer postoperative times) in the absence of electrical stimulation suggests that migration is a general property of HA particles when placed over bone under muscle.
Photoluminescence decay of 1.54 μm Er3+ emission in Si and III-V semiconductors

The luminescence lifetime of the 1.54 μm Er3+ emission has been studied in a variety of Si and III-V semiconductor host materials. The ≈1 millisecond lifetimes observed in all hosts indicate that the Er emission is largely radiative, and suggests that Er may be the rare earth dopant best suited for device applications. Additional competing nonradiative effects are seen to appear for certain growth conditions.
The nature of excited states in PVK:PBD polymeric host for organic light-emitting diodes

Interactions between hole-transporting carbazole groups and electron-transporting 1,3,4-oxadiazole groups are studied by femtosecond pump-probe technique. The excited-state dynamics at room temperature is derived from both exciplex and charge transport states. Doping of the host with phosphorescent guest molecules leads to efficient polymer light-emitting diodes.
Designing efficient sampling techniques to detect webpage updates

Due to resource constraints, Web archiving systems and search engines usually have difficulties keeping the entire local repository synchronized with the Web. We advance the state-of-art of the sampling-based synchronization techniques by answering a challenging question: Given a sampled webpage and its change status, which other webpages are also likely to change? We present a study of various downloading granularities and policies, and propose an adaptive model based on the update history and the popularity of the webpages. We run extensive experiments on a large dataset of approximately 300,000 webpages to demonstrate that it is most likely to find more updated webpages in the current or upper directories of the changed samples. Moreover, the adaptive strategies outperform the non-adaptive one in terms of detecting important changes.
Circulating peptide YY concentrations are higher in preterm than full-term infants and correlate negatively with body weight and positively with serum ghrelin concentrations.

Background: Peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin are gastrointestinal tract–derived hormones that play roles in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Negative energy balance often occurs in hospitalized preterm infants. Methods: To measure serum concentrations of PYY in preterm and full-term infants and to investigate their correlations with anthropometric characteristics, food intake, and serum ghrelin concentrations, we measured serum PYY and ghrelin concentrations by RIA in 62 healthy preterm infants [mean (SD) gestational age, 32.0 (2.1) weeks; postnatal age, 40.9 (14.8) days] and 15 healthy full-term infants of comparable postnatal age. All of the infants were formula-fed every 3 h. Results: PYY concentrations were significantly higher in preterm [1126.2 (215.4) ng/L] than in full-term infants [825.3 (234.4) ng/L; P <0.001]. In the entire study population, serum PYY concentrations correlated negatively with gestational age and anthropometric measurements (birth weight, body weight, body length, body mass index, and head circumference) and positively with serum ghrelin concentrations, whereas there was no significant correlation between PYY concentration and caloric intake or weight gain. Multiple regression analysis, after correction for prematurity, revealed that serum PYY concentrations correlated independently with serum ghrelin concentrations and infant body weight or body mass index. Conclusions: Circulating concentrations of PYY may increase in preterm infants to compensate for the negative body-weight balance. The physiologic mechanisms behind the correlation between PYY and ghrelin remain to be elucidated.
Delay-Transmission Probability Tradeoffs in IEEE 802.11 based Ad hoc Networks

Several factors contribute towards the delay performance in a distributed ad hoc network. One such factor is the probability at which individual nodes attempt to access the shared medium. Moreover, the lack of coordination among the nodes make it even more difficult to predict the delay performance of the system. A node's decision whether to transmit a packet or not, determines not only the expected performance of the node but also the network as a whole. In this paper, we consider an IEEE 802.11 based ad hoc network where the nodes employ a p-persistent model in their MAC protocol. First, we present an analysis for the delay and determine the probability mass function of the delay between any two consecutive successful transmissions. We then show that there is an optimal transmission probability that each node chooses in order to maximize the probability for achieving a target delay. Through numerical results, we compare the p- persistent model with slotted aloha model to show that despite different models, the delay-transmission probability tradeoffs have similar characteristics. An easy way to calculate the near optimal transmission probability is proposed. We further discuss ways to control delay using transmission probability in IEEE 802.11 based ad hoc networks.