cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclin E involved in early stage carcinogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma by SNP DNA microarray and immunohistochemical studies

Cyclin E is a cell cycle regulator which is critical for driving G1/S transition. Abnormal levels of cyclin E have been found in many cancers. However, the level changes of cyclin E in esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precancerous lesion have not been well studied. Here, we focus on the gene amplification and expression of cyclin E in these lesions, and aim to ascertain the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Genomic DNA was analyzed from 116 esophageal adenocarcinoma and 26 precancerous lesion patients using Affymetrix SNP 6.0 arrays. The protein overexpression of cyclin E was also detected using immunohistochemistry from tissue microarrays containing esophageal adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions. Patient survival and other clinical data were collected and analyzed. The intensity and percentage of the cyclin E expressing cells in tissue microarrays were scored by two pathologists. Fisher exact tests and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to analyze data. By genomic analysis, cyclin E was amplified in 19.0% of the EAC samples. By immunohistochemistry, high expression of cyclin E was observed in 2.3% of squamous mucosa tissues, 3.7% in columnar cell metaplasia, 5.8% in Barrett’s esophagus, 19.0% in low grade dysplasia, 35.7% in high grade dysplasia, and 16.7% in esophageal adenocarcinoma. The differences in cyclin E high expression between neoplastic groups and non-dysplasia groups are statistically significant (p < 0.05). The prognosis for patients with high cyclin E expression appeared slightly better than for those with low cyclin E expression although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). The expression of cyclin E significantly increases from non-dysplasia esophageal lesion to low and high grade dysplasia, suggesting that cyclin E plays an important role in the early stage of carcinogenesis. Importantly, cyclin E is also amplified and highly expressed in a subset of esophageal adenocarcinoma patients, but this increase is not associated with worse prognosis.
Work and extra-work correlates of life and job satisfaction.

A probability sample survey (n = 1,041) explored the relationship of both work-related and extra-workplace variables to four subjective quality of life measures: life satisfaction, life satisfactio...
A hybrid instructional design model for web-based database course delivery

Many learning theories have been studied and developed for the lecture-based courses. Among these theories, objectivist and constructivist instructional designs are among most widely applied. In this paper, we show that neither of these two theories alone is suitable to design an online database course. We present a hybrid model consisting of both instructional design models that compliment each other and form an adequate framework for designing web-based database courses. Our model is further augmented by a simulation module to demonstrate how it can be utilised in learning database concepts more effectively. Furthermore, we discuss in detail and make recommendations for different components of each module and how they can be applied for an effective course design and delivery to achieve a high learning outcome.
Quantum mechanical reactive scattering using a high-performance distributed-memory parallel computer

Abstract We have performed accurate three-dimensional quantum mechanical reactive scattering calculations for the H + H 2 system on the Caltech/JPL Mark IIIfp 64 processor hypercube, using the method of symmetrized hyperspherical coordinates and local hyperspherical surface functions. The results and timing obtained demonstrate that such distributed memory parallel architectures are competitive with the CRAY X-MP, CRAY 2 and CRAY Y-MP supercomputers and should allow the study of larger, more complicated chemical systems. In addition, we show that a selection rule for scattering resonances developed previously and tested for J = 0, 1 resonances is also satisfied by the J = 2 resonances obtained in the present calculations.
Reformulating path-planning problems by task-preserving abstraction

Abstract Viewing each path planning problem as unique forces the planner to consider all available maneuvers in each new situation. This is exponental in the number of degrees of freedom of the robot. It is preferable to consider only certain key aspects of each problem, and to generate a plan based only on these aspects. This approach possesses two advantages: (1) it permits reuse of plans in similar situations, which reduces (or even eliminates) the cost of searching among alternative maneuvers. and (2) it reduces the number of aspects of the situation that must be sensed by the system, which reduces the sensory cost. In this paper, it is shown how to classify path planning problems according to their algebraic structure. A technique is given that is applicable to robots whose actions are reversible. Each class of problems is characterized by a particular set of maneuvers that solves all problems in the class.
Reduction of distortions in MRSI using a new signal model

We propose a new reconstruction scheme for magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) signal based on minimizing the spatial total variation (TV) integrated with the l 1 -norm of the spectral data. Furthermore, we propose to represent the MRSI signal as a linear combination of polynomials and spikes to capture the baseline and metabolite peaks. The proposed signal model provides a sparser representation of the spectral data, which enables us to suppress the field inhomogeneity induced line shape distortions and losses as well as reduce noise. We also take advantage of high resolution field map and anatomical prior derived from additional 3-D MRI scan to model system imperfections.
Role of Reflex Dynamics in Spinal Stability: Intrinsic Muscle Stiffness Alone is Insufficient for Stability

Spinal stability is related to both the intrinsic stiffness of active muscle as well as neuromuscular reflex response. However, existing analyses of spinal stability ignore the role of the reflex response, focusing solely on the intrinsic muscle stiffness associated with voluntary activation patterns in the torso musculature. The goal of this study was to empirically characterize the role of reflex components of spinal stability during voluntary trunk extension exertions. Pseudorandom position perturbations of the torso and associated driving forces were recorded in 11 healthy adults. Nonlinear systems-identification analyses of the measured data provided an estimate of total systems dynamics that explained 81% of the movement variability. Proportional intrinsic response was less than zero in more than 60% of the trials, e.g. mean value of P(INT) during the 20% maximum voluntary exertion trunk extension exertions -415+/-354N/m. The negative value indicated that the intrinsic muscle stiffness was not sufficient to stabilize the spine without reflex response. Reflexes accounted for 42% of the total stabilizing trunk stiffness. Both intrinsic and reflex components of stiffness increased significantly with trunk extension effort. Results reveal that reflex dynamics are a necessary component in the stabilizing control of spinal stability.
TEEVE: the next generation architecture for tele-immersive environments

Tele-immersive 3D multi-camera room environments are starting to emerge and with them new challenging research questions. One important question is how to organize the large amount of visual data, being captured, processed, transmitted and displayed, and their corresponding resources, over current COTS computing and networking infrastructures so that "everybody" would be able to install and use tele-immersive environments for conferencing and other activities. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-layer control and streaming framework over general purpose delivery infrastructure, called TEEVE (tele-immersive environments for everybody). TEEVE aims for effective and adaptive coordination, synchronization, and soft QoS-enabled delivery of tele-immersive visual streams to remote room(s). The TEEVE experiments between two tele-immersive rooms residing in different institutions more than 2000 miles apart show that we can sustain communication of up to 12 3D video streams with 4/spl sim/5 3D frames per second for each stream, yielding 4/spl sim/5 tele-immersive video rate.
Infrared and Raman studies of rotational isomerism in meso‐2,3‐dibromo‐1,4‐dichlorobutane

Infrared and Raman spectra were obtained for meso-2,3-dibromo-1,4-dichlorobutane in the solid state and in solution. Only one conformation is present in the solid, it being one with a center of symmetry (all carbons and chlorines coplanar, bromines on opposite sides of that plane). The other two stable conformers are present to a small extent in solution. A vibrational assignment of the solid state bands is proposed.
The Evolution Of The Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning In The Academic Community

The Evolution Of The Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning In The Academic Community The scholarship of teaching was first introduced by Ernest Boyer when he published Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professorate in 1990. Since that time many scholars had attempted to define the scholarship of teaching especially as it relates to teaching excellence.
Education in the genetics of hearing loss: a survey of early hearing detection and intervention programs.

Purpose: Permanent hearing loss at birth or in early childhood is common and has many genetic and environmental causes. Advances in the identification and characterization of genetic forms, combined with the early identification of children through the implementation of state-based Early Hearing Detection and Intervention programs suggests the need for education about the causes of hearing loss among professionals who work in these programs. Methods: An online survey was directed to state program coordinators of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention programs to identify gaps in knowledge about the genetic causes of hearing loss and to assess interest in continuing education on this topic. Results: The study identified clear gaps in respondents' knowledge about genetic causes of hearing loss. Twenty percent of respondents indicated that they had received no training in genetics. When asked to rate their knowledge about the genetics of hearing loss, most rated their knowledge as “not adequate.” Respondents expressed interest in genetics training through several modalities, including a distance learning format. Conclusion: This study provides documentation of the need for education of health care professionals involved in the early identification of hearing loss. Suggestions for suitable educational formats based on respondent needs and interests are provided.
Specifying and adapting object behavior during system evolution

Object-oriented software engineering must address new issues during system evolution, namely, the effects of class evolution on existing class methods. A class dictionary graph describes the class structure and relationships of a given domain. A propagation pattern defines object behavior by describing responsibilities among a group of collaborating classes. The behavior described in a propagation pattern is mapped onto the class structure defined in a class dictionary graph, and the appropriate C++ code is generated. Class structures evolve in many ways. The effects of class evolution on the object behavior defined in existing propagation patterns are detailed, and the requirements for adapting propagation patterns during class evolution, as compared to the efforts of maintaining C++ code, are described. >
Heterogenous effect of androgen receptor CAG tract length on testicular germ cell tumor risk: shorter repeats associated with seminoma but not other histologic types

Increasing rates of testicular germ cells tumors (TGCTs) overtime suggest that environmental factors are involved in disease etiology, but familial risk and genome-wide association studies implicate genetic factors as well. We investigated whether variation in the functional CAG(n) polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene is associated with TGCT risk, using data from a population-based family study. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of CAG repeat length and TGCT risk using matched pairs logistic regression. Analyses of 273 TGCT case-mother pairs revealed no association between AR CAG repeat length and overall TGCT risk. However, risk of seminoma was significantly associated with shorter CAG repeat length [CAG 20-21 versus CAG ≤ 19: OR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.43-1.58), CAG 22-23 versus CAG ≤ 19: OR = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19-0.83) and CAG ≥ 24 versus CAG ≤ 19: OR = 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20-0.86)], with a highly significant trend over these four categories of decreasing CAG repeat length (P(trend) = 0.0030). This is the first report of a statistically significant association between AR CAG repeat length and seminoma risk, suggesting that increased AR transactivation may be involved in development of seminoma and/or progression of carcinoma in situ/intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified to seminoma. This result provides a rationale whereby androgenic environmental compounds could contribute to increases in TGCT incidence, and identifies for the first time a potential biological pathway influencing whether TGCTs achieve seminomatous versus nonseminomatous histology, a clinically and biologically important distinction.
SHAME AND EXPRESSED EMOTION: A Case Study

This article interprets excerpts from a dialogue between an ex-patient and his wife to develop a theory of "expressed emotion" (EE). EE has been shown to be predictive of relapse among schizophrenic and depressed psychiatric patients. I propose a model of emotions occurring both within and between family members to explain the relationship between EE and rate of relapse. EE is hypothesized to correspond with the shame/anger dynamics of a patient's family interaction. Microlevel analysis of a tape-recorded conversation between a patient and spouse rated for EE is used to identify cues for emotion in the couple's interaction. My analysis suggests that high ratings of EE correspond to high levels of unacknowledged shame and anger in patients' families. When shame is evoked and not acknowledged or dispelled, affectional bonds are threatened and symptoms are likely to recur. Over the past several decades, a growing body of research has implicated the attitudes of close family members in the relapses of depressed and schizophrenic mental patients. Studies have consistently shown that patients who return from hospitalization to live with a relative rated high in "expressed emotion" (EE) suffer higher rates of relapse than those who return to low-EE households (Brown, Birley, and Wing 1972; Hooley, Orley, and Teasdale 1986; Vaughn and Leff 1976; Leff and Vaughn 1985; Vaughn, Snyder, Jones, Freeman, and Falloon 1984). EE is typically assessed using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), a standardized interview in which a family member is asked to talk about events in the home leading up to the patient's hospitalization. Comments about the patient are rated for criticism and emotional overinvolvement, two measures
Effects of epinephrine and acetylcholine on hypothalamic content of prolactin inhibiting factor.

SummaryThe effects of epinephrine or acetylcholine bromide on the hypothalamic content of prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF) were determined in female rats. The drugs were injected twice daily for 5 days, while control rats were given the injection vehicle only. Each drug caused a significant decrease in hypothalamic PIF content, suggesting that this is the mechanism by which they induce enhanced release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary.
Abstract 46: A review of the gene-environment interaction literature in cancer: What do we know?

Risk of cancer is determined by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, the study of gene-environment interactions has been an active area of research for several years. To examine the state of the science in the field of gene-environment interactions research in cancer, we performed a systematic review of the published literature. A total of 3019 articles were identified using the gene-environment or pharmacogenomic flags from the HuGE literature finder and CancerGAMAdb, curated databases of genetic association studies, from January 1, 2001 to January 31, 2010. From these articles, 243 articles were determined to be relevant based on the inclusion criteria of at least 1000 cases in the interaction studied, examining the combination of genes and environment, and investigating the interaction as related to cancer risk. Information from these articles was abstracted regarding cancer type, environmental exposure variables, genetic variables, and estimates of interaction effects. In these papers, over 3500 interactions were investigated. The majority of these interactions were examined in colon, rectal, or colorectal cancer types (40%) followed by breast cancer (30%). Most of these interactions were explored using candidate gene polymorphisms (82%) compared with polymorphisms identified from genome wide association studies (GWAS). The most common environmental exposure categories observed were “energy balance” (41%), e.g. BMI or diet, followed by “Lifestyle” (21%), e.g. smoking or alcohol intake. Further analysis regarding commonly observed interactions, analytical tests performed, number of statistically significant interactions and magnitudes of interactions is on-going. In conclusion, observations of published literature suggest that opportunity exists for more of an agnostic approach to the study of gene-environment interactions and exploring alternative environmental exposures. Citation Format: Leah E. Mechanic, Naoko I. Simonds, Armen Ghazarian, Camilla B. Benedicto, Sheri D. Schully, Gary L. Ellison, Elizabeth M. Gillanders. A review of the gene-environment interaction literature in cancer: What do we know? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 46.
Epidemic Status of Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2010

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Yunnan province in the recent years,provide scientific evidence for making effective prevention and control measures.[Methods]The annual reports of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in all prefectures(cities) of Yunnan province from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]14 675 cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were reported in Yunnan province from 2008 to 2010,and 3 patients died of the disease.The average annual incidence was 10.77/lakh,and average annual mortality was 0.002/lakh.Xishuangbanna prefecture,Yuxi city,Dehong prefecture,Honghe prefecture and Kunming city had the high incidence of the disease.The peak season was from May to October(64.66%).A majority of cases occurred in people aged 20~39 years old,and most of patients were farmers and students(64.65%).[Conclusion]The incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever is high in Yunnan province,and it is necessary to carry out the comprehensive prevention and control measures.
New directions in integer factorization

It is well-known that the security of the most famous and widely used public-key cryptosystem RSA relies on the computational intractability of the integer factorization problem.In this paper,we shall discuss some new directions and new developments in integer factorization,and their implications in the cryptanalysis of RSA and other factoring-based cryptosystems.
Percutaneous Biliary Procedures

This article provides a review of percutaneous biliary procedures, including percutaneous treatment of malignant biliary obstruction using internal/external drainage and stents, percutaneous treatment of benign biliary obstruction with catheters and stents, stone treatment with percutaneous lithotripsy, and percutaneous cholecystostomy and stone treatment.
"Silicone related symptoms" are common in patients with fibromyalgia: no evidence for a new disease.

Objective. To ascertain if the symptom content and rate of symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are similar to those in what has been called silicone implant associated syndrome (SIAS), and to determine if SIAS is indeed a new disease or whether it is largely recognizable as FM. Methods. Mailed survey to 901 patients in Wichita, KS, Portland, OR, Los Angeles, CA, Peoria, IL, Boston, MA, San Antonio, TX, and eastern Kansas who were participating in a longterm outcome study of FM. Laboratory data were available from Wichita patients. Results. Content of symptoms was similar to that in SIAS, and rates were generally as high or higher in patients with FM than in SIAS. In patients with FM, 37.2% had all of the following 5 items: arthralgias, myalgias, sicca complex, atypical rash, and symptoms of a peripheral neuropathy; and 55.2% had 4 of the 5 items. Conclusion. These data do not suggest that SIAS is an unrecognized new disease, but suggest the opposite, that such symptoms are well known and previously recognized, and are common among those with musculoskeletal complaints and those seen in rheumatology clinics.
Multiplex crack smoking and sexual networks: associations between network members' incarceration and HIV risks among high-risk MSM.

This study examined HIV risks in the multiplex crack-smoking and sexual networks of incarcerated drug-using men who have sex with men (MSM) and their associates. We estimated the associations between the network members’ incarceration, self-reported HIV infection, and trading sex for money. Our analytic sample consisted of 508 crack-smoking or sexual partnerships of 273 high-risk MSM. Network members were specified by (1) crack smoking and sexual behavior or (2) crack smoking only. Longer incarceration of the crack-smoking and sexual network members was associated with self-reported HIV infection (AOR = 1.61, p < 0.05), which extended up to one’s partners’ partners’ partners (AOR = 1.63, p < 0.05). Similar results were found for trading sex (AOR = 2.77, p < 0.05). The findings of the study call for the development of a system-level HIV intervention among former incarcerated MSM and their associates.
Aerodynamic and Structural Studies of a Flapping Wing in Forward Flight

Flapping flight is commonly seen in nature at low Reynolds numbers. This work investigates the physical aspects of forward flight for flapping unmanned aerial systems. The kinematics discussed in this paper is based on an anticlockwise figure-8-shaped flapping cycle. The evolution of the complex, unsteady vortical flow system that develops during the flapping motion is presented. Mechanisms for generating the lift and thrust are discussed, with emphasis on the unsteadiness of the flow features during both the downstroke and upstroke phases. A one-way fluid–structure interaction has been investigated, and the relative importance of aerodynamic forces is compared with respect to the inertial forces. The inhomogeneity of the wing in terms of mass distribution is studied, and it is shown that a higher density at the wing root is beneficial in respect to the mechanical power required to achieve the forward flight. Limited benefit is observed when higher material density at the leading edge is adopted.
Development of target specific agents for bladder cancer

ABSTRACTIntroduction: There has been a paucity of new therapies developed for the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer due to a convergence of factors including a low prioritization of the disease by industry, therapeutic nihilism, and a limited understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and relevant therapeutic targets.Areas covered: Herein, we review contemporary clinical trials in metastatic urothelial cancer. The review focuses primary on therapeutics directed against somatic genomic alterations, immune checkpoints, and tumor-specific antigen which may serve to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads (i.e., antibody drug conjugates).Expert commentary: Novel therapeutic approaches have finally established proof of concept in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. The next few years will witness an expansion of the standard armamentarium and lead to improved outcomes for those suffering with this difficult disease.
Stochasticity and determinism in cancer creation and progression

Cancer is the most intensively studied biological phenomenon, yet it remains poorly understood. Mortality and morbidity rates for many major cancer types have scarcely changed in decades. We posit that this lack of progress stems from a flawed conceptual model for the nature of cancer. A novel NCI physical science and cancer initiative encouraged us to re-consider the conceptual foundations of the current cancer paradigm, and we present an outline of an alternative view here. We focus on the deep evolutionary roots of cancer, and hypothesize that at least some hallmarks of the cancer phenotype express ancient ancestral pathways that are highly-conserved. The inappropriate expression of these pathways may be triggered by, but are not created by, mutational changes.
Would a madman have been so wise as this?” The effects of source credibility and message credibility on validation

Readers rapidly check new information against prior knowledge during validation, but research is inconsistent as to whether source credibility affects validation. We argue that readers are likely to accept highly plausible assertions regardless of source, but that high source credibility may boost acceptance of claims that are less plausible based on general world knowledge. In Experiment 1, participants read narratives with assertions for which the plausibility varied depending on the source. For high credibility sources, we found that readers were faster to read information confirming these assertions relative to contradictory information. We found the opposite patterns for low credibility characters. In Experiment 2, readers read claims from the same high or low credibility sources, but the claims were always plausible based on general world knowledge. Readers consistently took longer to read contradictory information, regardless of source. In Experiment 3, participants read modified versions of "The Tell-Tale Heart," which was narrated entirely by an unreliable source. We manipulated the plausibility of a target event, as well as whether high credibility characters within the story provided confirmatory or contradictory information about the narrator's description of the target event. Though readers rated the narrator as being insane, they were more likely to believe the narrator's assertions about the target event when it was plausible and corroborated by other characters. We argue that sourcing research would benefit from focusing on the relationship between source credibility, message credibility, and multiple sources within a text.
Immune and metabolic responses in early and late sepsis during mild dietary zinc restriction.

Abstract Background Mild dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in human populations, but its influence on recovery after acute illness is poorly understood. In a mouse model of abdominal sepsis (cecal ligation puncture), systemic immune responses and liver metabolism were monitored in early (24 h) and late (5 d) phases, under control conditions and during mild dietary Zn restriction. Methods Mice were fed diets adequate or marginally deficient (ZM) in Zn (30 versus 10 mg zinc/kg diet) for 4 wk, before undergoing laparotomy alone (nonseptic control) or cecal ligation puncture (septic). Results Among nonseptic mice, the ZM state was not associated with differences in inflammation or metabolic responses. Among septic mice, mortality did not differ between the zinc adequate and ZM groups. In the early phase, the ZM state amplified increases in plasma interleukin (IL) 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-10, while dampening the interferon gamma response. In the late phase, subtle but significant ZM-associated increases were observed in plasma IL-5 and interferon gamma levels and hepatic protein synthesis, the latter of which appeared to be mammalian target of rapamycin independent and was associated with increased hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger RNA content. Conclusions Without increasing mortality, the ZM state is associated with a more disordered acute systemic inflammatory response and persistence or enhancement of acute phase responses within the liver parenchyma.
Analysis of complication rates following perioperative transfusion in shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Postoperative anemia requiring a blood transfusion is not uncommon following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). However, the potential complications in patients undergoing transfusion after shoulder arthroplasty remain unclear. The goal of this study was to examine the postoperative outcomes of patients receiving blood transfusions following TSA and RTSA. Methods Using the Medicare Standard Analytic Files database, we identified all patients undergoing TSA or RTSA between 2005 and 2010. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and Current Procedural Terminology codes, we identified the procedure, transfusion status, comorbidities, and postoperative complications of interest. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results We identified 7,794 patients who received a perioperative blood transfusion following TSA or RTSA, as well as 34,293 age- and gender-matched controls, during the study period. Patients who received a perioperative transfusion had statistically significantly higher rates of myocardial infarction, pneumonia, systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis, venous thromboembolic events, and cerebrovascular accidents at all time points in question. Patients who received a blood transfusion also showed an increased incidence of surgical complications, including periprosthetic infection and mechanical complications, up to 2 years postoperatively. Conclusion To our knowledge, this represents the largest study to examine the relationship between the need for perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative medical and surgical outcomes following TSA and RTSA. The results observed in this study highlight the importance of preoperative counseling and medical optimization prior to shoulder arthroplasty, particularly in patients with preoperative anemia or multiple medical comorbidities.
Working Together to Provide Equitable CS K-12 Educator Professional Development at Scale: (Abstract Only)

The demand for CS teacher professional development (PD) is increasing rapidly, but not all education stakeholders are equipped to identify CS PD needs, evaluate CS PD options, and track teacher and student outcomes. In this BOF, representatives of Google's CS educator PD grant program (formerly CS4HS) will share conclusions from the 2016 PD grant cycle and a recent literature review. Participants will discuss how the CS education community can disseminate knowledge about CS PD to the communities that need it most. At SIGCSE 2017, Google discussed CS PD best practices and common successes and challenges in creating sustainable PD programs. This year, we will discuss how to equitably scale these best practices so that education stakeholders are equipped to implement quality CS education, ensuring all students have quality CS learning experiences. This session is intended to be highly interactive and solution-oriented. Discussion themes and outcomes will be documented and shared with attendees.
Genetic Inactivation of CD33 in Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Enable CAR T Cell Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The absence of cancer-restricted surface markers is a major impediment to antigen-specific immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. For example, targeting the canonical myeloid marker CD33 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results in toxicity from destruction of normal myeloid cells. We hypothesized that a leukemia-specific antigen could be created by deleting CD33 from normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), thereby generating a hematopoietic system resistant to CD33-targeted therapy and enabling specific targeting of AML with CAR T cells. We generated CD33-deficient human HSPCs and demonstrated normal engraftment and differentiation in immunodeficient mice. Autologous CD33 KO HSPC transplantation in rhesus macaques demonstrated long-term multilineage engraftment of gene-edited cells with normal myeloid function. CD33-deficient cells were impervious to CD33-targeting CAR T cells, allowing for efficient elimination of leukemia without myelotoxicity. These studies illuminate a novel approach to antigen-specific immunotherapy by genetically engineering the host to avoid on-target, off-tumor toxicity.
The Association Between Lung Recipient Travel Distance and Posttransplant Survival.

Introduction Recipient travel distance may be an unrecognized burden in lung transplantation. Design Retrospective single-center cohort study of all adult (≥18 years) first-time lung-only transplants from January 1, 2010, until February 28, 2017. Recipient distance to transplant center was calculated using the linear distance from the recipient's home zip code to the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. Results 569 recipients met inclusion criteria. Posttransplant graft survival was 85%, 88%, 91%, and 91% at 1 year and 49%, 52%, 57%, and 56% at 5 years posttransplant for recipient travel distances of ≤50, >50 to ≤250, >250 to ≤500, and >500 miles, respectively ( P = .10). Discussion We found no significant relationship between recipient travel distance and posttransplant graft survival. In carefully selected recipients, travel distance is not a significant barrier to successful posttransplant outcomes which may be important for patient decision-making and donor allocation policy. These data should be validated in a national cohort.
Remarks on Sequential Designs in Risk Assessment

My primary aim in this talk is to review some of what I consider to be the special merits of sequential designs in light of particular challenges that attend risk assessment for human populations. In advance of a Discussion of sequential experimentation, let me remind you of a distinction that I think is especially important given the title of this morning’s Session “Statistical Inference of Risks.” There are two kinds of “inference” that are commonly called “statistical inference,” and we must take care to distinguish them if we are to avoid unnecessary confusion about the relevance of values (as opposed to facts) in statistical inference of risks. First, we may understand a statistical inference to be an argument whose conclusion is a statement of, what philosophers tend to call, “a rational degree of belief,” i.e. a statement of evidential support. For example, we can think of statistical conclusions, inference, of the form: on the basis of data E, the probability of H: that quantity1 ≥ quantity2, is roughly. 9; that is, p(H;E) ≈. 9. Here the quantities may be place holders for risk levels (or risk indicators), e.g. a quantity may be the chance of premature death (to agents of a given type) due to increased exposure to chemical X. In Bayesian terms, the “inference,” then is to a statement of posterior probability for H, given E; where H may, itself, refer to chances (objective probability).
Disciplining Terror: How Experts Invented 'Terrorism'

Since 9/11 we have been told that terrorists are pathological evildoers, beyond our comprehension. Before the 1970s, however, hijackings, assassinations, and other acts we now call 'terrorism' were considered the work of rational strategic actors. Disciplining Terror examines how political violence became 'terrorism', and how this transformation ultimately led to the current 'war on terror'. Drawing upon archival research and interviews with terrorism experts, Lisa Stampnitzky traces the political and academic struggles through which experts made terrorism, and terrorism made experts. She argues that the expert discourse on terrorism operates at the boundary - itself increasingly contested - between science and politics, and between academic expertise and the state. Despite terrorism now being central to contemporary political discourse, there have been few empirical studies of terrorism experts. This book investigates how the concept of terrorism has been developed and used over recent decades.
How Descriptive Metadata Changes in the UNT Libraries' Collection: A Case Study [Presentation]

Presentation for the 2014 DCMI International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications. This presentation discusses a case study of how descriptive metadata changes in the UNT Libraries' collections.
The Surgical Pathology of Malignant Neoplasms

The surgical pathologist has an essential role in the care of patients with malignancy, providing diagnostic and prognostic information in evaluating biopsies and tumor resections. This chapter provides a general discussion of how malignant neoplasms are evaluated, classified, and reported, using illustrative examples, with attention to the ancillary tests available to the pathologist. Diagnostic surgical pathology has an increasing role in providing information that impacts prognosis and therapy, owing to the growing field of molecular diagnostics.
Functional Expansions and Higher Order Necessary Conditions in Optimal Control

The recently developed Volterra Series expansion formulas are extended here to include differential equations whose right hand sides have a nonlinear u dependence. They are also worked out in the case where only a finite number of derivatives exist. This gives a theory which provides a very natural and conceptually clear approach to the problem of finding necessary conditions of arbitrarily high order for optimal controls.
Association of DRB1 and DRBQ haplotype 04:01~03:01 with HPV positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

6054Background: The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal head and neck cancer (HNC) is increasing rapidly in the US, Europe, and Asia. HPV16 is etiologic in 90-95% of H...
Development and analytical validation of a radioimmunoassay for the quantification of alpha1 -proteinase inhibitor in serum and feces from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to develop and analytically validate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of alpha1 -proteinase inhibitor (α1 -PI) concentrations in serum and feces from the common marmoset. METHODS Serum samples (n = 30) and 3-day fecal samples (n = 30) were obtained from healthy marmosets. An RIA was established and validated by determination of sensitivity, working range, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, and intra- and interassay variability. A reference interval for mα1 -PI in serum and feces was established. RESULTS Sensitivity and upper limit of the working range were 0.75 and 100.62 μg/L, respectively. Observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios for serial dilutions ranged from 89.9% to 123.0% (mean ±SD: 106.0 ± 11.5%) for 8 serum samples, and from 90.6% to 132.7% (mean ±SD: 107.6 ± 19.2%) for 4 fecal samples. O/E ratios for spiking recovery ranged from 97.6% to 104.4% (mean ±SD: 101.3 ± 3%) for 4 serum samples, and from 97.5% to 101.4% (mean ±SD: 99.2 ± 1.8%) for 4 fecal samples and 3 different spiking concentrations. Coefficients of variation (CV) for intra-assay variability for 8 serum samples ranged from 1.7% to 10.6% and 2.2% to 5.1% in the 8 fecal samples. The interassay CV for eight serum samples ranged from 1.3% to 9.9%, and from 1.0% to 6.7% in the 8 fecal samples. The reference interval in serum was determined to be 1047-1484 μg/L. The reference interval in serum was determined to be 1047-1484 μg/L. The reference interval for the 3-day mean fecal concentration, and 3-day maximum fecal concentration were determined to be 32.4-124.4 μg/g and 39.1-158.7 μg/g of feces, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed assay is sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of this assay.
The International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) System: Design, Theory, and Implementation

Author(s): Collier, N; Hoffman, FM; Lawrence, DM; Keppel-Aleks, G; Koven, CD; Riley, WJ; Mu, M; Randerson, JT | Abstract: The increasing complexity of Earth system models has inspired efforts to quantitatively assess model fidelity through rigorous comparison with best available measurements and observational data products. Earth system models exhibit a high degree of spread in predictions of land biogeochemistry, biogeophysics, and hydrology, which are sensitive to forcing from other model components. Based on insights from prior land model evaluation studies and community workshops, the authors developed an open source model benchmarking software package that generates graphical diagnostics and scores model performance in support of the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) project. Employing a suite of in situ, remote sensing, and reanalysis data sets, the ILAMB package performs comprehensive model assessment across a wide range of land variables and generates a hierarchical set of web pages containing statistical analyses and figures designed to provide the user insights into strengths and weaknesses of multiple models or model versions. Described here is the benchmarking philosophy and mathematical methodology embodied in the most recent implementation of the ILAMB package. Comparison methods unique to a few specific data sets are presented, and guidelines for configuring an ILAMB analysis and interpreting resulting model performance scores are discussed. ILAMB is being adopted by modeling teams and centers during model development and for model intercomparison projects, and community engagement is sought for extending evaluation metrics and adding new observational data sets to the benchmarking framework.
Abstract 3336: Changes in prescriptions for breast cancer medications after Medicaid expansion

Introduction: As of summer 2018, 34 states have expanded Medicaid eligibility under the Affordable Care Act. While the Medicaid expansions decreased rates of being uninsured among women with breast cancer and increased early breast cancer detection, it is unknown whether expansions increased receipt of medications used to prevent and treat breast cancer. This study examines differences over time in receipt of two types of breast cancer hormonal therapies (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) and associated payments for these medications in states that did vs. did not expand Medicaid during the period 2011-2017. Methods: The study’s data source is the Medicaid State Drug Utilization Database (SDUD). This data set, compiled by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare (CMS), is administrative data submitted by state Medicaid programs. The data comprise outpatient prescription medications that are covered under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program for which Medicaid serves as a third-party payer; this includes aggregate numbers of prescriptions and associated payments for individuals enrolled in both fee for service and managed care Medicaid programs. Both branded and generic prescriptions for three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole) were included in the study’s analyses. Analyses used differences-in-differences and event study models (controlling for state characteristics) to compare changes in Medicaid expansion states to changes in non-expansion states before vs. after expansion. Results: Initial regression analyses indicate that prescriptions for all hormonal therapy medications increased by 27% (p Conclusions: Our findings indicate that states that expanded Medicaid with the ACA experienced increased prescriptions for breast cancer hormonal therapies relative to states that did not expand Medicaid; this effect of Medicaid expansion increased over time. The increased prescriptions were financed by Medicaid, not by patients. Citation Format: Johanna Catherine Maclean, Michael T. Halpern, Steven C. Hill, Michael F. Pesko. Changes in prescriptions for breast cancer medications after Medicaid expansion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3336.
Palatable food reduces anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis responses to stress in female rats in an estrous-cycle specific manner.

Abstract Eating tasty foods dampens responses to stress – an idea reflected in the colloquial term ‘comfort foods’. To study the neurobiological mechanisms by which palatable foods provide stress relief, we previously characterized a limited sucrose intake (LSI) paradigm in which male rats are given twice-daily access to 4 ml of 30% sucrose solution (vs. water as a control), and subsequently have reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responsivity and anxiety-related behaviors. Notably, women may be more prone to ‘comfort feeding’ than men, and this may vary across the menstrual cycle, suggesting the potential for important sex and estrous cycle differences. In support of this idea, LSI reduces HPA axis responses in female rats during the proestrus/estrus (P/E), as opposed to the diestrus 1/diestrus 2 (D1/D2) estrous cycle stage. However, the effect of LSI on anxiety-related behaviors in females remains unknown. Here we show that LSI reduced stress-related behaviors in female rats in the elevated plus-maze and restraint tests, but not in the open field test, though only during P/E. LSI also decreased the HPA axis stress response primarily during P/E, consistent with prior findings. Finally, cFos immunolabeling (a marker of neuronal activation) revealed that LSI increased post-restraint cFos in the central amygdala medial subdivision (CeM) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis posterior subnuclei (BSTp) exclusively during P/E. These results suggest that in female rats, palatable food reduces both behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses in an estrous cycle-dependent manner, and the CeM and BSTp are implicated as potential mediators of these effects.
Memory Support System training in mild cognitive impairment: Predictors of learning and adherence

This study aimed to identify predictors of learning and adherence to a previously validated compensatory calendar and note-taking system (Memory Support System; MSS) in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Age, education, global cognition, depression, and memory-related self-efficacy were studied as predictors of individuals' ability to learn the use of the MSS during the two-week training and of their adherence to the MSS 6, 12, and 18 months after training. How well an individual was able to learn the use of the MSS was itself examined as a predictor of adherence. Two-hundred-and-fifteen older adults with aMCI and their study partners (e.g., spouse, adult child) received MSS training one-hour daily for 10 days. Ordinal logistic regression analyses indicated that (1) global cognition predicted MSS learning at end of training, and (2) MSS learning at end of trainng predicted MSS adherence at 6, 12, and 18 months post-training. The current study suggests that offering compensatory strategies as early as possible for those with MCI might be of most benefit, and might have implications for long-term adherence.