cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Universal Depression Screen of Ambulatory Cardiac Transplant Recipients is Feasible and Identifies a Subset of Patients That May Benefit from Mental Health Intervention

Purpose Patients with a heart transplant who have depression have higher rates of graft failure and noncompliance; however, patients identified and treated early have outcomes similar to those without depression. The aim of this quality improvement project was to assess feasibility of implementing a universal depression screen—via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-in a busy ambulatory heart transplant clinic. Methods Heart transplant team members were educated via an online module about depression screening. The PHQ was embedded in the electronic health record. Depression screening (PHQ2) was performed by an RN during the check-in process. For those patients who screened positive for depression (PHQ2 ≥3), the PHQ9 was administered. Patients who scored positive for moderate or severe depression (PHQ9 ≥10) received a follow-up phone call and referral to mental health services. Primary outcomes were the percentage of patients who underwent successful depression screening and received follow-up. Secondary outcomes included average time for completion of depression screening and level of burden for team members (5-point Likert scale, 5=significant burden, 1=no burden at all). Results From July-September 2018, there were 388 clinic visits; PHQ2 screens were completed during 363 (94%) of those visits. There were 223 unique patients seen during this time, of which 214 underwent a depression screening assessment. Initial PHQ2 identified 21 patients (6%) who screened positive for depression, of which all 21 had PHQ9 assessment. The PHQ9 identified 17 patients (4%) as having moderate or severe depression. All 17 patients were provided with mental health resources and received follow-up phone calls. Median time to administer PHQ2 was 2 minutes (range 1-2). Median time to administer PHQ9 was 5 minutes (range 5-15). Mean transplant provider burden score for depression screening was 1.6 (range 1-2). Conclusion Implementation of routine universal depression screening in an outpatient heart transplant clinic is feasible, identifies patients with depression, and does not result in clinical burden. Further investigation is needed to determine whether this universal depression screening and resultant early referral to mental health services positively effects long-term graft and patient survival.
The arts of ornamental geometry

A unique 20-page manuscript [1], ‘On Similar and Complementary Interlocking Figures’, has attracted considerable recent attention among mathematicians, designers, and historians of Islamic art and ...
Growth of highly oriented La0.84Sr0.16MnO3 perovskite films

We have grown thin films of La0.84Sr0.16MnO3 on SrTiO3 (100), MgO (100), CeO2 (100)/Al2O3, and (100) oriented yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by using a 90°off-axis RF magnetron sputtering deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis and ion beam channeling experiments reveal that the deposited films grow epitaxially on SrTiO3, biaxially textured on MgO, and highly textured on YSZ. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that the thin films possess extremely smooth surfaces.
Abstract 4930: PAI1, a β catenin transcriptional target, serves as a surrogate biomarker to predict EGFR TKI mediated drug persistence in EGFR mutant NSCLC

Lung cancer management has been transformed by the discovery and effective targeting of driver mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) that block EGFR kinase activity such as erlotinib and osimertinib cause dramatic tumor shrinkage and prolonged responses in patients whose tumors have activating EGFR mutations. However, resistance universally develops. Drug persister cells with properties of cancer stem cell-like cells play a major role in drug resistance. In tumors without pre-existing resistant clones, some tumor clonogens survive, despite expressing the driver mutation, to acquire target reactivation or bypass resistance mechanisms. Identification of biomarkers that are mechanistically linked to EGFR TKI resistant cell populations would have clinical utility in early determination of disease recurrence in EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Previously, we have reported that EGFR-TKI treatment activates Notch3, and here we have identified that Notch3 activates β-catenin transcriptional target, PAI1, which could play a role in drug persistence and could be used for early identification of disease recurrence. Our in vitro ELISA studies have identified an increase in secreted PAI1 levels after treatment with the EGFR TKIs erlotinib and osimertinib demonstrate that measuring PAI1 levels could serve as an indicator of EGFR TKI persistence. To further validate PAI1 as a surrogate biomarker for EGFR TKI treatment, we performed a retrospective study in NSCLC patients (n = 42) with EGFR mutant tumors. Using ELISA to detect PAI1 protein in pre- and post-treatment serum samples as a mechanism-based indicator for β-catenin activation, we observed a broad range in pre-treatment PAI1 levels, spanning from 0.8 ng/ml to 134 ng/ml, suggesting a variable baseline β-catenin activation. Doing survival analysis after dichotomizing patients into low and high baseline PAI1 level groups, we found patients with low basal PAI1 levels had a significantly shorter PFS with EGFR TKI treatment compared to patients with high basal levels. Comparing patients with a ≥ 2-fold induction to those with less than 2-fold, there was a similar trend for worsened survival in those who showed significant induction of PAI1. Overall, we demonstrate that PAI1 expression is a candidate marker for β-catenin activation and the development of drug persisters; thus, it is a potential surrogate marker for poor outcome in patients receiving EGFR TKI therapy and a potential biomarker for selecting patients for β-catenin-targeted therapy. Citation Format: Rajeswara Rao Arasada, Walter Wang, Shankar Suman, David Paul Carbone. PAI1, a β catenin transcriptional target, serves as a surrogate biomarker to predict EGFR TKI mediated drug persistence in EGFR mutant NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4930.
Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste

The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
Judge Murphy's Indian Law Legacy

This Article highlights the contributions that Judge Diana Murphy made to federal Indian law jurisprudence and its real world impact. In addition to discussing her opinions, it describes the substantial contribution she made to Indian country as the Chair of the U.S. Sentencing Commission.
Negative Surface Energies of Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles under Hydrothermal Conditions

The formation of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions has been modeled using a method that combines results of first-principle calculations, elements of aqueous thermochemistry, and experimental free energies of formation. The calculations predict negative formation energies for the (111) surfaces and positive free energies for the formation of bulk nickel ferrite. Based on classical nucleation theory, the combination of the negative surface and positive bulk energies yields thermodynamically stable nickel ferrite nanoparticles with sizes between 30 and 150 nm in the temperature range of 300 to 400 K under alkaline conditions. The surface and bulk energetics as well as the stability of the nickel ferrite nanoparticle as a function of temperature and pH are discussed.
Acquisition of Cabozantinib-Sensitive MET D1228N Mutation During Progression on Crizotinib in MET-Amplified Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background Targeting of somatic MET mutations using crizotinib has led to strong clinical responses, most frequently in patients with lung cancer, raising the possibility of adopting similar treatment strategies in patients with MET alterations in other cancer types. Patient and Methods We describe a patient with advanced triple-negative breast cancer with a 30-fold amplification of MET. Next-generation sequencing of pre- and postprogression biopsies was performed to identify the resistance mechanism emerging after an initial exceptional response to crizotinib. The response of the resistance mutant to type I and II MET inhibitors was assessed in cultured cells. Results After progressing on crizotinib, a MET-D1228N mutation was detected, which is located in the crizotinib-binding region of the MET kinase domain. Experimental studies demonstrated that this mutation confers complete resistance to crizotinib yet retains cabozantinib sensitivity. Treatment of the patient with cabozantinib led to a subjective improvement in clinical symptoms, but the patient progressed after 7 weeks. Conclusion Although MET mutations are rare in breast cancer, these patients may experience substantial clinical benefit from crizotinib treatment. Nevertheless, drug resistance owing to on-target MET mutations will likely be frequently encountered and comprehensive mechanistic studies to assess sensitivity of these mutants to a series of potential second-line therapies may help guide subsequent treatment for these patients.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Products IL-1beta and IL-18 Have A Direct Effect on Cardiomyocytes

Author(s): Anderson Enni, Jacqueline Bella | Advisor(s): Heller Brown, Joan | Abstract: We previously demonstrated a significant role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiomyocytes in cardiac inflammation, remodeling and contractile dysfunction in response to stressors such as Angiotensin II infusion and pressure overload. There is limited data regarding responses of cardiomyocytes to interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18), which are generated as a result of NLRP3 activation during the cardiac inflammatory response. To determine the effects of IL-1β and IL-18 on cardiomyocytes, isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were treated for various times with 1ng/mL recombinant IL-1β or 10ng/mL recombinant IL-18. Western blotting was used to measure the activation state of protein kinases and downstream signaling pathways. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cardiomyocytes. Proteins and genes showed enhanced phosphorylation and expression when treated with either cytokine, but the majority of NRVMs responded with greater significance to IL-1β stimulation. After treatment with IL-1β, Western blotting showed a several-fold increase in nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and P-STAT3, which regulate inflammatory functions. qPCR data showed significant increases in gene expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines CXCL1, TGF-β and IL-1β by exogenous IL-1β. We have previously shown that the cardiomyocyte is a source of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. Our results suggest the possibility that IL-1β and IL-18 activate a pro-inflammatory positive feedback loop in cardiomyocytes which enhances and sustains cardiac inflammation, contributing to cardiac remodeling under stress conditions.
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis with Negative Intrinsic Factor and Parietal Cell Antibody Presenting as a Severe Hemolytic Anemia.

A 28-year-old Caucasian male with Hashimoto’s disease and vitiligo presented with two weeks of dizziness on exertion following pharyngitis which was treated with prednisone 40 mg by mouth once a day for five days. Initial workup revealed anemia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and low haptoglobin. He underwent workup for causes of hemolytic anemia which was remarkable for a peripheral blood smear with hypersegmented neutrophils and low vitamin B12 levels concerning for pernicious anemia. Parietal cell and intrinsic factor antibodies were negative, and he then underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. The biopsy was negative for Helicobacter pylori, and the immunohistochemical stains were suggestive of chronic atrophic gastritis. He was started on vitamin B12 1,000 mcg intramuscular injections daily. His hemoglobin, LDH, and haptoglobin normalized. Given the absence of the parietal cell antibody and intrinsic factor antibody, this is a rare case of seronegative pernicious anemia.
Relationship dynamics between parents and coaches: are they failing young athletes?

Rationale/Purpose: In commercialized youth sport, parents choose who coaches their child. An entire industry of youth coaches exists to meet this demand. However, parent-coach relationship dynamics...
Data on clinical and economic burden associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension related hospitalizations in the United States

A comprehensive description of the contemporary trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related hospitalizations, associated inpatient outcomes and predictors of worse outcomes were reported in our paper recently published in the International Journal of Cardiology [1]. Our observational analysis utilized ten year of national inpatient sample from January 1st 2007 through December 31st 2016. This Data in Brief companion paper aims to report the specific statistical highlights of the entire ten-year PAH cohort including demographics, hospital characteristics, regional variation, prevalence of comorbidities, and multivariable regression analysis used to examine the factors associated with increased inpatient mortality and prolonged length of stay. Additionally, we report trends in the cost (the actual amount of money reimbursed to the hospitals) of PAH related hospitalizations over the past ten years.
Bridging the Brain and Data Sciences

Brain scientists are now capable of collecting more data in a single experiment than researchers a generation ago might have collected over an entire career. Indeed, the brain itself seems to thirst for more and more data. Such digital information not only comprises individual studies but is also increasingly shared and made openly available for secondary, confirmatory, and/or combined analyses. Numerous web resources now exist containing data across spatiotemporal scales. Data processing workflow technologies running via cloud-enabled computing infrastructures allow for large-scale processing. Such a move toward greater openness is fundamentally changing how brain science results are communicated and linked to available raw data and processed results. Ethical, professional, and motivational issues challenge the whole-scale commitment to data-driven neuroscience. Nevertheless, fueled by government investments into primary brain data collection coupled with increased sharing and community pressure challenging the dominant publishing model, large-scale brain and data science is here to stay.
Examining the latent structure of emotional awareness and associations with executive functioning and depression

Emotional awareness is comprised of dispositions towards and knowledge about one’s emotions. Executive functions (EF) are cognitive processes that organise and guide behaviour towards one’s goals. ...
Gradual adaptation to pelvis perturbation during walking reinforces motor learning of weight shift toward the paretic side in individuals post-stroke.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the gradual versus abrupt adaptation to lateral pelvis assistance force improves weight shift toward the paretic side and enhance forced use of the paretic leg during walking. Sixteen individuals who had sustained a hemispheric stroke participated in two experimental sessions, which consisted of (1) treadmill walking with the application of lateral pelvis assistance force (gradual vs. abrupt condition) and (2) overground walking. In the “gradual” condition, during treadmill walking, the assistance force was gradually increased from 0 to 100% of the predetermined force step by step. In the abrupt condition, the force was applied at 100% of the predetermined force throughout treadmill walking. Participants exhibited significant improvements in hip abductor and adductor, ankle dorsiflexor, and knee extensor muscle activities, weight shift toward the paretic side, and overground walking speed in the gradual condition (P 0.20). Changes in weight shift toward the paretic side were statistically different between conditions (P 0.11). In the gradual condition, the error amplitude was proportional to the improvement in weight shift during the late post-adaptation (R2 = 0.32, P = 0.03), but not in the abrupt condition (R2 = 0.001, P = 0.93). In conclusion, the “gradual adaptation” inducing “small errors” during constraint-induced walking may improve weight shift and enhance forced use of the paretic leg in individuals post-stroke. Applying gradual pelvis assistance force during walking may be used as an intervention strategy to improve walking in individuals post-stroke.
Structural revision of a Wnt/β-catenin modulator and confirmation of cannabielsoin constitution and configuration

In this report, we revise the structure for a previously reported synthetic product proposed to be the 1R,2S-cannabidiol epoxide and reassign it as cannabielsoin using anisotropic NMR and synthetic chemistry methods. These results provide a direct link to the first known biological target and function of cannabielsoin.
Estimating Calibrated Individualized Survival Curves with Deep Learning

In survival analysis, deep learning approaches have been proposed for estimating an individual's probability of survival over some time horizon. Such approaches can capture complex non-linear relationships, without relying on restrictive assumptions regarding the relationship between an individual's characteristics and their underlying survival process. To date, however, these methods have focused primarily on optimizing discriminative performance and have ignored model calibration. Well-calibrated survival curves present realistic and meaningful probabilistic estimates of the true underlying survival process for an individual. However, due to the lack of ground-truth regarding the underlying stochastic process of survival for an individual, optimizing and measuring calibration in survival analysis is an inherently difficult task. In this work, we i) highlight the shortcomings of existing approaches in terms of calibration and ii) propose a new training scheme for optimizing deep survival analysis models that maximizes discriminative performance, subject to good calibration. Compared to state-of-the-art approaches across two publicly available datasets, our proposed training scheme leads to significant improvements in calibration, while maintaining good discriminative performance.
A Personal Reflection on the Key Challenge for Higher Education: Improving the Quality of University Instruction

Since the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088, the quality and societal impact of university-based research has steadily risen and is widely expected to continually improve in the future. But, while the effectiveness of university teaching over this same period has improved through the adoption of laboratory instruction, the seminar method, tutorials, and more valid and reliable means of assessing students, the qualitative enhancement and continuous development of instruction compared to research appears less certain. Why does this difference exist? I will argue the cause is to be found in the limitations of universities’ traditional collegial culture and in the failure of recent national efforts to improve academic quality to effectively address academic norms and values.
Fertilizer movement in a slash pine ecosystem

The movement of N in an 11-year-old slash pine forest ecosystem was followed over two growing seasons by using N15-labeled ammonium sulphate, applied in the spring at 0, 56, and 224 kg N/ha. The initial uptake of P32, applied as concentrated superphosphate at 90 kg P/ha, and of labeled N from the highest application rate was followed in two trees for 71 days.
Abstract 12964: Staged versus Same-Day Thoracoscopic Hybrid Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Identification of Pulmonary Vein Reconnection Following Surgical Ablation

Introduction: Totally thoracoscopic (TT) epicardial ablation combined with endocardial catheter ablation is an emerging approach to treat persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Catheter ablation is associated with frequent pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection bringing its durability into question despite acute procedural endpoints. Little is known of PV reconnection post TT PV isolation (PVI). Endocardial mapping following TT PVI may shed light on when best to identify PV reconnections. Hypothesis: A staged approach to TT hybrid AF ablation increases the likelihood of discovering PV reconnection compared to same day hybrid, allowing time for resolution of edema and inflammation which transiently impede PV conduction after surgical ablation. Methods: We compared efficacy of thoracoscopic PVI in persistent AF patients undergoing same day vs. staged (>48 Hr delay) hybrid AF ablation at Vanderbilt Hospital. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed comparing patients with any PV reconnection vs. those with...
All Things Depending: Renewing Interdependence in Oceania

Despite the enormous efforts made to civilize the Hawaiian, the Maori, the Samoan, and Fijian, Islanders have not forgotten all of their stories and in fact many Pacific peoples are in a position to recover much of the knowledge that sustained communities for thousands of years. There is hope in what we have done to reclaim our heritages—finding our voices in our languages, stories, and songs, our perspectives in our arts and literatures, our muscle and will in our own political advocacy and pursuit of our rights in courts and international arenas. There is need, however, for a new vision that reunites human beings with all of their relations in the world, a vision necessary to sustain a very difficult struggle.
Halomethyl-metal compounds : LVI. Trimethyltindihalomethyllithium reagents☆

Abstract The preparation of trimethyltindichloromethyllithium by reaction of bis(trimethyltin)dichloromethane with n-butyllithium, of trimethyltinbromochloromethyllithium by reaction of bis(trimethyltin)bromochloromethane with n-butyllithium and of trimethyltindibromomethyllithium by reaction of trimethyl(tribromomethyl)tin or bis(trimethyltin)dibromomethane with n-butyllithium is described. All of these new lithium reagents are stable in THF-rich media only at low temperatures (−95° or below). Their reactions with trimethylchlorosilane are complicated by the fact that at such low temperatures the product, trimethylsilyl(trimethyltin)dihalomethane, is comparable in reactivity toward the lithium reagent with trimethylchlorosilane. Similar complications occur with other quenching agents such as methyl iodide.
Longitudinal study of Internet traffic in 1998-2003

There is growing interest in capturing and analyzing Internet traffic characteristics in pursuit of insights into its evolution. We present a study of one of the few sources of publicly available long-term Internet traffic workload data, namely the NLANR PMA archive of packet header traces. Trace samples were collected at a number of academic, research, and commercial sites during years 1998--2003. We consider four metrics of traffic: bytes, packets, flows, and number of source-destination pairs. We also analyze the composition of traffic by protocol.
Short-distance dispersal of splashed bacteria of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri from canker-infected grapefruit tree canopies in turbulent wind

Citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc)) can cause yield loss and trade restrictions. The pathogen is dispersed in rain splash and spread is promoted by wind. The goal of this study was to gain some insight into the properties of short-distance splash dispersal of Xcc from ∼1·5 m-tall cankered grapefruit canopies in turbulent wind, common during rainstorms in Florida. Turbulent wind up to 19·9 m s−1 was tested in five experiments. Bacteria flux density (BFD, bacteria cm−2 min−1) was quantified at heights of 30, 70, 110, 130 and 180 cm above ground, and at four horizontal points (17, 51, 85 and 119 cm) at each height across the direction of the wind 1 m downwind. BFD varied among experiments, but the lowest BFDs were consistently detected at the greatest sample height. Despite differences between experiments, the relationship between log BFD and sample height was consistently described by a linear function (P = 0·06– 0·99). The BFD collected at the horizontal points across the wind path was variable. BFDs collected were sometimes significantly different, but no relationship was discernible. Stronger, turbulent wind resulted in greater BFD, with a linear function describing the relationship between log BFD and wind speed (P = 0·2–0·02, R2 = 0·94–0·96). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated predictability of the proportion of total bacteria collected (F = 141, P < 0·0001, d.f. = 3, R2 = 0·53).
Long-term function of duct-ligated and free-duct whole pancreas transplants

Abstract This report compares endocrine and exocrine responses of “free-duct” and “duct-ligated” whole pancreas isografts in Lewis diabetic rats during a 1-year period of observation. Fasting blood sugar, serum amylase, serum insulin, pancreozymin-secretin test, and l -arginine tolerance test assays were performed prior to and at periodic intervals after transplantation. Histological examinations of transplanted and native pancreas were performed monthly on animals in each group. Whole pancreas transplantations led to immediate and sustained normalization of FBS and insulin levels. In the “duct-ligated” group there was a gradual but insignificant decrease of serum insulin levels after 9 months. Depressed serum amylase levels in diabetic rats were reversed in both groups. Isolated islet iso- and allografts also reversed depressed amylase levels. The results of pancreozymin-secretin tests in islet isografted animals supported the postulated trophic effect of endocrine pancreas on exocrine pancreas. Although both whole-pancreas transplant groups showed a normal response to GTT for 12 months after transplantation, the “duct-ligated” group showed a significantly lower response to l -arginine tolerance test than the “free duct” model as early as 4 months after transplantation, suggesting a defect in B-cell function in long-term “duct-ligated” graft. Serial histological examinations of transplanted pancreases revealed more rapid atrophy and more intense fibrosis of acinar tissue in the “duct-ligated” group than in the “free duct” group. These results suggest that a “free duct” pancreatic isograft maintains a more stable endocrine function in a long-term study than does the “duct-ligated” pancreas, and that exocrine dysfunction in diabetic rats may be related to the endocrine disorder which can be reversed by both islet cell and whole-organ pancreatic transplantation.
Constitutive and UV-induced fibronectin degradation is a ubiquitination-dependent process controlled by β-TRCP

Loss of fibronectin (FN) assembly in the extracellular matrix has long been recognized as a feature of cellular transformation. However, such assembly is regulated not only by FN synthesis but also by its post-translational modifications. The mechanism controlling FN protein stability has remained unclear so far. Recently it was demonstrated that FN matrix turnover occurs intracellularly at the lysosome following caveolin-1-dependent endocytosis. Although FN was reported to undergo ubiquitindependent degradation, the ubiquitin ligase responsible for FN ubiquitination is unknown. In this study, we have identified β-TrCP as the ubiquitin ligase for lysosomal degradation of FN. We found two conserved β-TrCP recognition motif (DSGVVYS and DSGSIVVS) in the primary amino acid sequence of human, mouse, and rat FN. Down-regulation of either β-TrCP1 or β-TrCP2 by small interference (siRNA) caused significant accumulation of FN. Immunolocalization studies showed intracellular accumulation of FN in β-TrCP siRNA-treated cells without showing much alteration in its matrix association. We also observed that exposure of cells to UV irradiation effectively down-regulated FN following increased ubiquitination, which was significantly inhibited either by lysosomal inhibitor or by siRNA-mediated down-regulation of β-TrCP. Taken together, constitutive FN degradation, as well as UV-induced degradation, is ubiquitination dependent and controlled by β-TrCP.
Training and retaining of underrepresented minority physician scientists - an African-American perspective: NICHD AAP workshop on research in neonatal and perinatal medicine.

Training and retaining of underrepresented minority physician scientists – an African-American perspective: NICHD AAP workshop on research in neonatal and perinatal medicine
On the Harker Variation Diagrams; A Comment on "The Statistical Analysis of Compositional Data. Where Are We and Where Should We Be Heading?" by Aitchison and Egozcue (2005)

The current theoretical development of the analysis of compositional data in the article by Aitchison and Egozcue neglects the use of Harker’s variation diagrams and other similar plots as “meaningless” or “useless” on compositional data. In this work, it is shown that variation diagrams essentially are not a correlation tool but a graphical representation of the mass actions and mass balances principles in the context of a given geological system, and, when they are used correctly, they provide vital information for the igneous petrologist. The qualitative validity of the “spurious trends” in these diagrams is also shown, when they are interpreted in their proper geological framework. The example previously used by Rollinson to test the usefulness of the log-ratio transformation in the Aitchison and Egozcue article is revisited here in order to fully illustrate the proper use of this tool.
Psychopathology and mortality in the general population.

Community studies of the relationship between mortality and mental disorders remain equivocal with mixed and unclear results. Longitudinal prospective data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program are examined for the relationship between psychopathology and mortality. Analyses were performed with mortality at 1-year follow-up as the dependent variable using logistic regression. Specifically, the odds of dying from psychiatric disorders were considered while statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and treatment in primary or specialty medical care sectors. Significant predictors of dying were being male, older, and from low income households. Subjects with drug abuse or dependence were 12.4 times (CI=2.9, 53.0) as likely to die as those, without drug abuse/dependence. The odds of dying for those with major depressive disorder were over 2.6 times (CI=1.1, 6.0) those without major depression. Separate analyses for all five communities and for only those over the age of 55 years showed similar results.
Elastase and neutral cathepsin production by human fibroblasts: Effect of culture conditions on synthesis and secretion

Fibroblasts from normal adult forearm skin and neonatal foreskin were cultured and examined for their ability to synthesize and secrete elastase and neutral cathepsin. All of the cultures examined produced detectable amounts of elastase using insoluble elastin as substrate. An enzyme was also found that hydrolyzed the synthetic elastin substrate, N-succinyl-(Ala)3-p-nitroanilide, but did not degrade insoluble elastin. In addition, activity against the synthetic cathepsin substrate N-benzoyl-DL-phenylalanine-naphthyl ester was found. Inhibitor profiles indicate that the elastin and N-succinyl-(Ala)3-p-nitroanilide degrading activities are due to metalloproteinases. Degradation of N-benzoyl-DL-phenylalanine-naphthyl ester can be inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. These proteinases were usually found associated with the cell layer. Although activities of the measured proteinases were detected in all cultures, increased or decreased enzyme activities were not predictably related to passage number or length of serum starvation. Degree of confluence also affected proteinase activities. Separation of the dermal-epidermal junction can be produced by the injection of these proteinases into intact mouse skin.
Sp8 regulates inner ear development

A forward genetic screen of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenized Xenopus tropicalis has identified an inner ear mutant named eclipse (ecl). Mutants developed enlarged otic vesicles and various defects of otoconia development; they also showed abnormal circular and inverted swimming patterns. Positional cloning identified specificity protein 8 (sp8), which was previously found to regulate limb and brain development. Two different loss-of-function approaches using transcription activator-like effector nucleases and morpholino oligonucleotides confirmed that the ecl mutant phenotype is caused by down-regulation of sp8. Depletion of sp8 resulted in otic dysmorphogenesis, such as uncompartmentalized and enlarged otic vesicles, epithelial dilation with abnormal sensory end organs. When overexpressed, sp8 was sufficient to induce ectopic otic vesicles possessing sensory hair cells, neurofilament innervation in a thickened sensory epithelium, and otoconia, all of which are found in the endogenous otic vesicle. We propose that sp8 is an important factor for initiation and elaboration of inner ear development.
Sickling-induced binding of autologous IgG to erythrocytes heterozygous for sickle hemoglobin

Abstract This study reports that sickling-induced increased autoantibody binding can be demonstrated in varying degrees for deoxygenated S β -thalassemic (2-fold) and hemoglobin-SC (1.2-fold) erythrocytes as compared with oxygenated paired samples. In contrast, HbAS erythrocytes deoxygenated in autologous plasma exhibited less than 2% morphologic sickling and no increased IgG binding as compared with control samples. Sickling in the presence or absence of plasma increased the IgG binding capacity of S β -thalassemic erythrocytes, comparable to previous findings for HbSS erythrocytes, while increased IgG binding to HbSC erythrocytes was detected only after deoxygenation in plasma. It is concluded that specific IgG binding to deoxygenated S β -thalassemic RBCs results from subtle permanent sickling-induced alterations of the membrane surface, while IgG binding to HbSC erythrocytes sickled in plasma results from transitory membrane changes. These findings suggest that sickling in vivo will produce cumulative autoantibody binding to S β -thalassemic erythrocytes, a process which could lead to immune-mediated erythrocyte destruction. In contrast, comparatively small fractions of the autoantibody bound to HbSC erythrocytes in vivo would result from sickling-induced membrane alterations. These studies indicate that sickling-associated autoantibody binding in vivo will not occur for sickle cell trait (HbAS) erythrocytes protected by plasma.
Psychotic symptoms in pediatric bipolar disorder and family history of psychiatric illness.

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the specificity and non-specificity in patterns of familial loading for presentation of psychotic symptoms in pediatric bipolar disorder (BP). Methods Diagnostic assessment of 263 pediatric BP probands included lifetime history of psychotic symptoms as well as longitudinal follow-up; family history of psychiatric illness was determined for 1st degree relatives. Results Pediatric BP probands with lifetime history of psychosis had a higher percentage of positive family history of anxiety disorders and suicide attempts as compared to probands with no history of psychosis. Discussion Familial loading for a spectrum of internalizing disorders is associated with presentation of psychotic symptoms in pediatric BP.
Process‐Scale Purification of Immunoglobulin M Concentrate

An IgM concentrate was purified from Cohn fraction III. Efficiency of euglobin precipitation was shown to be controlled by pH and ionic strength. Prekallikrein activator activity in the product was insignificant. Overall yield from the octanoic acid supernate and purity of the concentrate were 66 +/- 8 (n = 16) and 50 +/- 5% (n = 16), respectively. Solvent-detergent treatment to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses was demonstrated and implemented into the process. Process studies to control residual virucidal agents and C4a generating activity are presented.
Mosco Convergence in Locally Convex Spaces

Abstract Let E and F be a pair of locally convex spaces in duality, with σ and τ the weak and Mackey topologies on E . A sequence of functions {f n } on E is said to be Mosco-convergent to another function f 0 , denoted f n M → f 0 , if for every v ϵ E , lim sup n → t 8 f n ( v n ) ⩽ f 0 ( v ) for some sequence v n t → v , and lim inf n → ∞ f n ( v n ) ⩾ f 0 ( v ) for every sequence v n δ → v . In this paper it is shown that if F is a separable Frechet space, { f n : n ⩾ 1} a sequence of proper, lower semicontinuous convex functions, and f n ∗ the convex conjugate of f n , then f n M → f 0 ⇒ f ∗ n M → f ∗ n if f 0 ( v ) v ϵ E .
REFLECTIVE EYES AND MOODS APART

(2002). Reflective Eyes and Moods Apart. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 461-478.
The CO2 concentrating mechanism and photosynthetic carbon assimilation in limiting CO2: how Chlamydomonas works against the gradient

The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) represents an effective strategy for carbon acquisition that enables microalgae to survive and proliferate when the CO2 concentration limits photosynthesis. The CCM improves photosynthetic performance by raising the CO2 concentration at the site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), simultaneously enhancing carbon fixation and suppressing photorespiration. Active inorganic carbon (Ci) uptake, Rubisco sequestration and interconversion between different Ci species catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are key components in the CCM, and an array of molecular regulatory elements is present to facilitate the sensing of CO2 availability, to regulate the expression of the CCM and to coordinate interplay between photosynthetic carbon metabolism and other metabolic processes in response to limiting CO2 conditions. This review intends to integrate our current understanding of the eukaryotic algal CCM and its interaction with carbon assimilation, based largely on Chlamydomonas as a model, and to illustrate how Chlamydomonas acclimates to limiting CO2 conditions and how its CCM is regulated.
943-15 Site-dependent Intra-atrial Conduction Delay: Relationship to Initiation of Atrial Flutter/Fibrillation

Atrial flutter/fibrillation (AF) are more readily inducible by atrial premature complexes (APCs) from the high right atrium (HRA) than from the coronary sinus (CS). Patients (pts) who have clinical AF have an exaggerated intraatrial conduction delay(IACD) and prolonged relative refractory period (RRP) in response to APCs delivered from the HRA. We therefore compared the response of APCs delivered from the HRA, posterior Triangle of Koch (SP), and CS to evaluate whether the propensity of HRA stimuli to induce AF is related to site-specific anisotropic conduction abnormalities. Programmed atrial stimulation at twice threshold was caried out in five pts from the HRA, SP, and CS. Recordings were made at the HRA, Sp, along the Tendon of Todaro (HBE catheter), and the CS. Pts were 3 women and 2 men, age 50 to 79, none of whom had clinical AF or organic heart disease. None had IACO during sinus rhythm. The RRP was defined as the range of intervals over which A1A2 was gS1S2 at the stimulus site, and A1A2 at distance sites was gA1A2 at stimulus sites. ΔCT denotes the maximum increase in conduction time at each site. Recording site ΔCT RRP Stimulation site HRA CS * SP HRA CS * CS * HRA 0 23 25 53 30 52 SP 65 24 0 82 30 32 HBEd 53 28 46 82 30 58 HBE2 52 28 33 78 28 58 HBE3 53 28 38 78 28 52 CSp 62 19 34 76 28 64 CS4 67 16 34 88 26 50 CS3 71 2 39 86 24 54 CS2 65 0 46 86 10 60 * p l 0.03, Data are means (in msec) AF was induced in 2 pts from the HRA but not from other sites. Our results demonstrate the greatest degree of IACD and RRP was seen with HRA stimulation and the least with CS stimulation. SP stimulation resulted in intermediate results. The marked site-specific difference in IACD supports anisotropic impulse conduction in the atria, and may explain why AF is more often initiated from the HRA tha n the CS.
Navigating Paradox as a Mechanism of Change and Innovation in Hybrid Organizations

Hybrid organizations combine institutional logics in their efforts to generate innovative solutions to complex problems. They face unintended consequences of that institutional complexity, however, which may impede their efforts. Past scholars have emphasized conflicting external demands, and competing internal claims on organizational identity. Data from an in-depth field study of the public-private Cambridge Energy Alliance suggest another consequence: paradoxes of performing (Smith & Lewis, 2011) that generate ambiguity about whether certain organizational outcomes represent success or failure. This article develops a process model of navigating such paradoxes: in sensemaking about paradoxical outcomes, actors grapple with definition of success and can transform the organizational logic. The result can be oscillation among logics, or novel synthesis between them when outside perspectives enable a clearer view of the paradox. Hybrid organizations' capacity for innovation depends in part on the results of this change process.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is associated with a PDSS2 haplotype and, independently, with a decreased content of coenzyme Q10

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and collapsing glomerulopathy are common causes of nephrotic syndrome. Variants in >20 genes, including genes critical for mitochondrial function, have bee...
Rock Creek History

This is an experimental, mixed-genre narrative, combining autoethnography with other evocative writing forms, including narratives of the self. Using the techniques of fiction, I tell a story about myself and my experiences with nature, the sacred, and a small Montana river named Rock Creek. Kittridge asks for narratives that embed the self in storied histories of sacred spaces. These stories chart the outlines of an epistemology that stresses the sacredness of human life and its relationship to nature. Accordingly, this performance-based project attempts to enact a sacred epistemology and a form of writing that honors our relationship to nature and the natural world.
Coherent fcc stacking in epitaxial Co/Cu superlattices

A series of epitaxial Co/Cu superlattices has been grown on GaAs(110) substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Detailed analysis of x-ray diffuse scattering scans along Co (101\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}l) reveals metastable fcc stacking of Co, with stacking coherence extending across Co layers at thicknesses below 20 A\r{}, while coherent interfaces are obtained at Co thickness up to 40 A\r{}. We discuss possible mechanisms for stabilizing the stacking sequence.
A hydrogen-based subsurface microbial community dominated by methanogens

The search for extraterrestrial life may be facilitated if ecosystems can be found on Earth that exist under conditions analogous to those present on other planets or moons. It has been proposed, on the basis of geochemical and thermodynamic considerations, that geologically derived hydrogen might support subsurface microbial communities on Mars and Europa in which methanogens form the base of the ecosystem1,2,3,4,5. Here we describe a unique subsurface microbial community in which hydrogen-consuming, methane-producing Archaea far outnumber the Bacteria. More than 90% of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences recovered from hydrothermal waters circulating through deeply buried igneous rocks in Idaho are related to hydrogen-using methanogenic microorganisms. Geochemical characterization indicates that geothermal hydrogen, not organic carbon, is the primary energy source for this methanogen-dominated microbial community. These results demonstrate that hydrogen-based methanogenic communities do occur in Earth's subsurface, providing an analogue for possible subsurface microbial ecosystems on other planets.
The Team Functioning Scale: Evaluating and improving effectiveness of school teams

Abstract While there has been considerable research on team effectiveness in business, military and healthcare environments, there is a relative scarcity of research that examines characteristics of effective teams within a school. This study focuses on facilitating improvement of school teams with the Team Functioning Scale (TFS), a 17-item scale designed to capture and evaluate overall functioning of a team implementing a school improvement process. The TFS is a reliable and valid scale that measures how individual team members observe team functioning and supports continual improvement in team structure, focus, meaningful communication and shared decision-making, ideally resulting in higher-functioning teams with increased potential for effectiveness. The TFS is sensitive and responsive to change over time, indicating potential as a mechanism for improving teaming practices.
Evaluation of a new liquid dosage form ofhydrocortisone

Summary 1. Plasma 17-OHCS concentrations attained after administration of hydrocortisone cyclopentylpropionate (FCP) in dogs and in human subjects were compared with those attained after administration of free hydrocortisone. Although in dogs the elevations attained after the former were not as great, in human subjects they were of equal magnitude and greater duration than those attained after administration of free hydrocortisone. 2. After administration of FCP, theelevated plasma 17-OHCS concentrations do not reflect measurement of unhydrolyzed ester. Although the cyclopentylpropionate ester does react quantitatively with the phenylhydrazine-sulfuric acid reagent, it is not measurable by the technique employed since it is not present in the 25 per cent methanol-in-chloroform eluate from the chromatographic column. In addition, paper chromatographic analysis of plasma of human subjects two hours after administration of FCP failed to reveal any trace of this ester in the plasma. 3. Preliminary clinical observations indicate that FCP is a satisfactory administration from for hormone therapy in the young patient.