cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Operational Semantics and Assertional Reasoning

We present a method to convert (a) an operational semantics for a given machine language, and (b) an off-the-shelf theorem prover, into a high assurance verification condition generator (VCG). Given a program annotated with assertions at cutpoints, we show how to use the theorem prover directly on the operational semantics to generate verification conditions analogous to those produced by a custom-built VCG. Thus, no separate VCG is necessary, and the theorem prover can be employed both to generate and to discharge the verification conditions. The method handles both partial and total correctness. It is also compositional in that the correctness of a subroutine needs to be proved once, rather than at each call site.
Corrosion issues in supercritical water reactor (SCWR) systems

Abstract: This chapter discusses the issues of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking for the supercritical water cooled reactor (SCWR) concepts. After a brief description of reactor concepts, the availability and relevance of corrosion data obtained for other supercritical systems are discussed. The chapter then presents currently available data on corrosion and stress corrosion cracking for SCWR by alloy classes and the mitigation techniques investigated.
3,3'-Diindolylmethane Enhances Apoptosis in Docetaxel-Treated Breast Cancer Cells by Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Context: A major problem in the treatment of cancer is the development of toxic side effects and resistance to chemotherapy. The use of plant compounds to overcome resistance and prevent toxicity i...
VERSAL TORSORS AND RETRACTS

Let G be an algebraic group over F and p a prime integer. We introduce the notion of a p-retract rational variety and prove that if Y → X is a p-versal G-torsor, then BG is a stable p-retract of X. It follows that the classifying space BG is p-retract rational if and only if there is a p-versal G-torsor Y → X with X a rational variety, that is, all G-torsors over infinite fields are rationally parameterized. In particular, for such groups G the unramified Galois cohomology group $$ {H}_{\mathrm{nr}}^n $$ (F(BG), ℚp/ℤp(j)) coincides with Hn(F, ℚp/ℤp(j)).
Postpartum hemorrhage and risk for postpartum readmission

Objective: This study had two objectives: (i) to evaluate risk factors for postpartum readmission for a primary diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among all women, and (ii) to determine risk ...
What are they talking about when they talk about equity?: a content analysis of equity principles and provisions in state Every Student Succeeds Act plans

Despite numerous education reform efforts, disparities between more privileged students and students from marginalized and minoritized groups still persist in U.S. education. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) passed in 2015 indicates greater commitment of the federal government to advancing equity in education and gives state educational agencies more autonomy and flexibility in policy making. This article analyzes the content of 52 approved state ESSA plans to examine how the concept of equity in education is defined and applied in state-level ESSA policies and provisions. Results of a qualitative content analysis reveal that all but four state ESSA plans adopt a stance on equity centered on equitable access to educational resources—including funding and effective educators —and less than half state plans attend to equity in outcomes. Most of the state plans do not include a clear definition of what they mean by “equity”. In addition, the accountability systems used to evaluate the impact of equity policies in the plans are predominantly outcome-oriented using student standardized test performance as the key indicator. Incoherent policy principles, coupled with the market-oriented, standards-based policy solutions, may exacerbate the structural inequities facing schools and students that these policies aim to ameliorate. Implications for education policy and research are discussed.
THEMIS-SHP1 Recruitment by 4-1BB Tunes LCK-Mediated Priming of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected T Cells

Summary Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell costimulation mediated by CD28 and 4-1BB is essential for CAR-T cell-induced tumor regression. However, CD28 and 4-1BB differentially modulate kinetics, metabolism and persistence of CAR-T cells, and the mechanisms governing these differences are not fully understood. We found that LCK recruited into the synapse of CD28-encoding CAR by co-receptors causes antigen-independent CAR-CD3ζ phosphorylation and increased antigen-dependent T cell activation. In contrast, the synapse formed by 4-1BB-encoding CAR recruits the THEMIS-SHP1 phosphatase complex that attenuates CAR-CD3ζ phosphorylation. We further demonstrated that the CAR synapse can be engineered to recruit either LCK to enhance the kinetics of tumor killing of 4-1BB CAR-T cells or SHP1 to tune down cytokine release of CD28 CAR-T cells.
Deletion of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 2 (FATP2) in the mouse liver changes the metabolic landscape by increasing the expression of PPARα-regulated genes

Fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) is highly expressed in the liver, small intestine, and kidney, where it functions in both the transport of exogenous long-chain fatty acids and the activation of very-long-chain fatty acids. Here, using a murine model, we investigated the phenotypic impacts of deleting FATP2, followed by a transcriptomic analysis using unbiased RNA-Seq to identify concomitant changes in the liver transcriptome. WT and FATP2-null (Fatp2−/−) mice (5 weeks) were maintained on a standard chow diet for 6 weeks. The Fatp2−/− mice had reduced weight gain, lowered serum triglyceride, and increased serum cholesterol levels and attenuated dietary fatty acid absorption. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver revealed 258 differentially expressed genes in male Fatp2−/− mice and a total of 91 in female Fatp2−/− mice. These genes mapped to the following gene ontology categories: fatty acid degradation, peroxisome biogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and retinol and arachidonic acid metabolism. Targeted RT-quantitative PCR verified the altered expression of selected genes. Of note, most of the genes with increased expression were known to be regulated by peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα), suggesting that FATP2 activity is linked to a PPARα-specific proximal ligand. Targeted metabolomic experiments in the Fatp2−/− liver revealed increases of total C16:0, C16:1, and C18:1 fatty acids; increases in lipoxin A4 and prostaglandin J2; and a decrease in 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. We conclude that the expression of FATP2 in the liver broadly affects the metabolic landscape through PPARα, indicating that FATP2 provides an important role in liver lipid metabolism through its transport or activation activities.
Effect of united ward rounds by cardiovascular nurses and obstetric nurses on postnatal depression in puerperas with cardiovascular diseases

Objective To investigate the effect of united ward rounds by cardiovascular nurses and obstetric nurses on postnatal depression in puerperas with cardiovascular diseases. Methods 435 puerperas giving birth were recruited in this study. The subjects were divided into the group with united ward rounds and the group without united ward rounds(108). The cardiovascular status, heart rate, rhythm, and cardiac function were assessed by cardiovascular nurses besides the regular ward rounds by obtretric nurses. The rates of C- section and postnatal depression were examined in both groups. Results The rates of cCsection and postnatal depression were 51.4% and 9.2% in the group with united ward rounds and 67.6% and 17.6% in the group without united ward rounds. As compared with the group without united ward rounds, the rates of C-section and postnatal depression were significantly decreased in the group with united ward rounds (P< 0.05). Conclu- sions As compared with the group without united ward rounds, C-section and postnatal depression markedly reduce in the group with united ward rounds. Inter-department and nursing staff cooperation is a medical practice worth studying. Key words: Ward round practice; C-section; Postnatal depression
Protective effects of anti-ET serum on neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Objective To explore the possible role of anti-endothelin ( ET) serum in neonatal rats with hypoxic -ischemic brain damage. Methods The changes of brain tissue ET, malonicaldehyde (MDA) and excitatory amino acids and possible actions of anti-ET serum in 7 neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemia and 8 control rats were observed by RIA, TBA and amino acid autoanalysis. Results (1) There were different distributions of ET contents in different brain regions of normal neonatal rats. The highest level was in pituitary. The contents of ET after hyponic-ischemia 2 hours were in the pituitary (41.7 ± 10.8) pg/mg, and (33 ± 7) pg/mg in hypothalamus. (2) Cortex ET contents in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemia were significantly higher than those in control rats, and correlated significantly with cerebral edema (r = 0.954, P < 0.01) . (3) Compared with those in controls, the brain tissue MDA, Glu, Asp and ET levels in hypoxic-ischemic group increased obviously (208 ±19) nmol/g, (10.7±1.7) nmol/mg, (3.9±0.8) nmol/mg and (69.7 ± 10.2) pg/mg, respectively. Anti-ET serum could effectively inhibit the productions of MDA, Asp and ET (133 ± 22) nmol/g, (2.9 ± 0.3) nmol/mg and (20.2±3.6) pg/mg, respectively. Conclusion ET was involved in the development of hypoxic-ischemia in neonatal rats. Anti-ET serum could protect the neonatal rats from hypoxic-ischemic brain damages. Key words: Rats; Cerebral anoxia; Cerebral ischemia; Endothelins
3D tomography integrating view registration and its application in highly turbulent flames

Abstract Recently, reconstruction integrating view registration (RIVR) has been demonstrated as an improved method to significantly enhance the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) measurements in nonreactive flows. This work extended the RIVR method to 3D measurements of highly turbulent reactive flows with two specific goals. The first goal was to examine if the RIVR method can be effectively applied to highly turbulent flame structures, which display distinctively different spatial features from nonreactive flows. This examination of RIVR was performed specifically using two performance metrics, accuracy and spatial resolution. The second goal was to quantify the end benefits the RIVR can bring about on key flame properties involved in turbulence-chemistry interaction, such as flame surface density. The results demonstrated that the RIVR method can effectively enhance reconstruction accuracy of the thin flame front marked by CH radicals in 3D distribution. Compared to past methods, the RIVR method reduced the reconstruction errors by ~48% on average and improved the spatial resolution by ~26% on average. Such accuracy enhancement ultimately led to a ~15% improved accuracy on the determination of the 3D flame surface density as an indicator of the total burning rate.
Microglia perform local protein synthesis at perisynaptic and phagocytic structures

Recent studies have illuminated the importance of several key signaling pathways in regulating the dynamic surveillance and phagocytic activity of microglia. Yet little is known about how these signals result in the assembly of phagolysosomal machinery near targets of phagocytosis, especially in processes distal from the microglial soma. Neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes locally regulate protein translation within distal processes. Therefore, we tested whether there is regulated local translation within peripheral microglia processes (PeMPs). We show that PeMPs contain ribosomes which engage in de novo protein synthesis, and these associate with a subpool of transcripts involved in pathogen defense, motility, and phagocytosis. Using a live slice preparation, we further show that acute translation blockade impairs the formation of PeMP phagocytic cups, the localization of lysosomal proteins within them, and phagocytosis. Collectively, these data argue for a regulated local translation in PeMPs and indicate a need for new translation to support dynamic microglial function.
Transforming American Prosecution

My goal in this paper is to tell you a story, a story about race, about crime, about discretion, and about hope. I want to suggest that mass incarceration in the United States is not necessary or wise. It is the product of a criminal justice system that has ballooned beyond reason or recognition from its design.
Scaffolding problem solving with learners’ own self explanations of subgoals

Procedural problem solving is an important skill in most technical domains, like programming, but many students reach problem solving impasses and flounder. In most formal learning environments, instructors help students to overcome problem solving impasses by scaffolding initial problem solving. Relying on this type of personalized interaction, however, limits the scale of formal instruction in technical domains, or it limits the efficacy of learning environments without it, like many scalable online learning environments. The present experimental study explored whether learners’ self-explanations of worked examples could be used to provide personalized but non-adaptive scaffolding during initial problem solving to improve later performance. Participants who received their own self-explanations as scaffolding for practice problems performed better on a later problem-solving test than participants who did not receive scaffolding or who received expert’s explanations as scaffolding. These instructional materials were not adaptive, making them easy to distribute at scale, but the use of the learner’s own explanations as scaffolding made them effective.
Diet and Feeding Ecology of the Critically Endangered San Martín Titi Monkey (Plecturocebus oenanthe) in Peru

One of the largest threats facing primate populations is habitat loss, with typically concomitant results of fragmentation, isolation, alteration, and degradation. Many primates exhibit behavioral and dietary flexibility to cope with these changing environments. Titi monkeys (family Pitheciidae, subfamily Callicebinae) are small-bodied, diurnal platyrrhines inhabiting a wide range of altitudinal and habitat types. Researchers have noted considerable variation in their dietary and feeding ecology; however, it is unclear what role dietary flexibility plays in various habitat types. Here, I present the first data on the feeding and foraging ecology of Plecturocebus oenanthe, a Critically Endangered species, inhabiting a secondary forest in Peru. I examined diet composition, food part selection, food species diversity, and seasonal variation in diet composition and feeding behavior, in relation to relative availability of resources. Overall, the titis consumed mostly fruits (54%), followed by insects (22%), nonreproductive plant parts (17%), flowers (4%), and seeds (1.3%). The titis relied on very few plant species per month and overall. They consumed more insects and flowers during the dry season and more fruit during the wet season, corresponding to higher fruit availability. During the dry season, the titis decreased time spent feeding on fruit, but increased or maintained the number of plant species utilized. The titis were also able to subsist on resources common to secondary habitats or altered habitats, including liana species, hemiparasitic mistletoes, cultivated species, and pioneer species. Understanding the potential dietary flexibility for this species will help researchers to predict the most suitable habitats and floristic composition for this species to develop appropriate conservation management strategies.
Public Opinion and the Limits of State Law: The Case for a Federal Usury Cap

This Article calls on Congress to set a federal interest rate cap of 36%, applicable to all loans. Part II of this Article briefly describes the history of usury laws in the United States and then describes the patchwork nature of modem usury law. Part III describes various types of consumer loans, including high-cost loans like payday and title loans. Part III then reviews evidence of public opinion regarding interest rate caps for consumer loans, showing that Americans of both political parties favor caps of 36% or less by a wide margin. Given the broad and deep public support for interest rate caps, the question is not whether but how to accomplish these caps.Part IV, the heart of the Article, describes the many ways in which state regulation of high cost lending has been inefficient and ineffective. Part IV.A describes the various forms of legislation that have attempted but failed to lower interest rates and curb other abuses in high-cost lending. It describes in detail the many work-arounds used by lenders to avoid whatever state law is enacted. These work-arounds include changing loan products to get around narrow definitions in state statutes, morphing lenders into another type of entity to get around the state statutes, or moving to lending online through Indian tribe affiliation or offshore entities. Part IV.B describes the difficulties with trying to enforce state statutes through judicial means. It discusses the unconscionability doctrine and its resulting inconsistent case law, the delays caused by lender bankruptcy, the difficulties posed by recent Supreme Court law on the enforceability of anti-class action clauses and arbitration clauses in high-cost loan contracts, and finally, the mere cost of enforcement litigation as a whole.
Exons of the human pancreatic polypeptide gene define functional domains of the precursor.

Abstract Pancreatic polypeptide is a 36-amino acid peptide which inhibits pancreatic exocrine function. We have previously determined from the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA that pancreatic polypeptide is derived from a 95-amino acid precursor, prepropancreatic polypeptide. Pulse-chase studies have suggested that the precursor is cleaved to produce three peptides: pancreatic polypeptide, an icosapeptide, and a smaller peptide. In the present study, we have used the cloned cDNA as a hybridization probe to isolate the pancreatic polypeptide gene from a human bacteriophage genomic library. The nucleotide sequence of 2.8 kilobases of DNA representing the entire human pancreatic polypeptide gene was determined. The gene contains four exons and three introns. Exon 1 encodes the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA, exon 2 encodes the signal sequence and the sequence of pancreatic polypeptide, exon 3 encodes the icosapeptide, and exon 4 encodes a carboxyl-terminal heptapeptide and the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA. By Southern blot analysis, the gene detected in a pancreatic polypeptide-producing islet cell tumor was indistinguishable from that in normal human leukocytes. The structure of the human pancreatic polypeptide gene is consistent with the hypothesis that prepropancreatic polypeptide generates three distinct peptides, each encoded by a separate exon. Increased expression of pancreatic polypeptide in the islet cell tumor does not appear to be correlated with major alterations in pancreatic polypeptide gene structure.
Sheath of bacteriophage T4: III. Contraction mechanism deduced from partially contracted sheaths

Abstract A method has been developed (using alkaline formaldehyde) for causing most bacteriophage T4 sheaths to become partially contracted in negatively stained electron microscope preparations. The mechanism of contraction was studied by examining the micrographs, by comparing them with the appearances expected if the simplest (displacive) contraction mechanisms were operating and, finally, by measuring the partially contracted sheaths' helical parameters and plotting them on a t,h diagram (Fig. 4). This evidence shows that the second half of the contraction process occurs by a particular displacive mechanism, illustrated in Figure 5; in the first half (which is more difficult to observe), this same displacive mechanism is by far the most likely path of contraction. The implications of this mechanism, with respect to the initiation of contraction and to the changes in subunit bonding that power it, are discussed.
Neurologic adverse events associated with smallpox vaccination in the United States - response and comment on reporting of headaches as adverse events after smallpox vaccination among military and civilian personnel

Accurate reporting of adverse events occurring after vaccination is an important component of determining risk-benefit ratios for vaccinations. Controversy has developed over alleged underreporting of adverse events within U.S. military samples. This report examines the accuracy of adverse event rates recently published for headaches, and examines the issue of underreporting of headaches as a function of civilian or military sources and as a function of passive versus active surveillance. A report by Sejvar et al was examined closely for accuracy with respect to the reporting of neurologic adverse events associated with smallpox vaccination in the United States. Rates for headaches were reported by several scholarly sources, in addition to Sejvar et al, permitting a comparison of reporting rates as a function of source and type of surveillance. Several major errors or omissions were identified in Sejvar et al. The count of civilian subjects vaccinated and the totals of both civilians and military personnel vaccinated were reported incorrectly by Sejvar et al. Counts of headaches reported in VAERS were lower (n = 95) for Sejvar et al than for Casey et al (n = 111) even though the former allegedly used 665,000 subjects while the latter used fewer than 40,000 subjects, with both using approximately the same civilian sources. Consequently, rates of nearly 20 neurologic adverse events reported by Sejvar et al were also incorrectly calculated. Underreporting of headaches after smallpox vaccination appears to increase for military samples and for passive adverse event reporting systems. Until revised or corrected, the rates of neurologic adverse events after smallpox vaccinated reported by Sejvar et al must be deemed invalid. The concept of determining overall rates of adverse events by combining small civilian samples with large military samples appears to be invalid. Reports of headaches as adverse events after smallpox vaccination appear to be have occurred much less frequently using passive surveillance systems and by members of the U.S. military compared to civilians, especially those employed in healthcare occupations. Such concerns impact risk-benefit ratios associated with vaccines and weigh against making vaccinations mandatory, without informed consent, even among military members. Because of the issues raised here, adverse event rates derived solely or primarily from U.S. Department of Defense reporting systems, especially passive surveillance systems, should not be used, given better alternatives, for making public health policy decisions.
Review of Sex Cells: The Medical Market for Eggs and Sperm

Rene Almeling examines the medical market for eggs and sperm in the United States - how it is organized and how it influences and is experienced by donors.
Interpersonal attraction as a function of affective state and affective change

Abstract Interpersonal attraction has been found to be highly correlated with the affective states of subjects. It was hypothesized that attraction is also highly related to affective changes induced in subjects by interpersonal stimuli associated with a stranger. Byrne and Rhamey's (1965) experiment was replicated with one change: subjects' affective states were assessed at the beginning of the session and immediately prior to the subjects' evaluation of a stranger. Four levels of attitude similarity (1.00, .67, .33, and .00) and three types of evaluation conditions (positive, negative,and control) were employed in a 4 × 3 factorial design, with 19 subjects per cell. As hypothesized, attraction was found to be highly related to subjects' affective states and affective changes induced by attraction stimuli (p
Update of clinical trials with edrecolomab: a monoclonal antibody therapy for colorectal cancer.

Edrecolomab is a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the tumor-associated antigen Ep-CAM. Its antitumor effects are mediated through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-mediated cytolysis, and the induction of an anti-idiotypic network. An initial study of 189 patients with resected stage III colorectal cancer showed that edrecolomab reduced the relative risk of mortality by 32% compared with observation alone (P < .01). Edrecolomab has now been investigated in two large phase III studies of patients with stage III colon cancer, either as a single agent or in combination with 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Preliminary safety data have shown that edrecolomab is well tolerated when used as monotherapy and adds little to chemotherapy-related side effects when used in combination. Edrecolomab is also being studied as monotherapy following resection of stage II colon cancer, and in combination with chemotherapy in patients with resected stage II or III rectal cancer. In conclusion, edrecolomab is a novel biological therapy for the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. Completed and ongoing trials may support its use as monotherapy in stage II colon cancer or in combination with chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer and stage II/III rectal cancer.
Multiple benign mesenchymomata of the chest wall.

Chest wall mesenchymoma is a rare benign tumour arising from the ribs and occuring in infants, being usually present from birth. The few previously documented cases have been of solitary tumours. A 6-week-old infant presented with two separate lesions demonstrating specific radiological signs, and on isotope scanning with Technetium MDP a high uptake of the agent was demonstrated.
Magnetospheres of Earth and Jupiter after Pioneer 10

Long before the Pioneer 10 flyby of Jupiter, it was known from Earth based observations of decimetric and decametric radio emissions from Jupiter that the planet has a large magnetic field (1–10 G). Assuming a radial flow of the solar wind at constant velocity, with density decreasing as the distance squared, and the interplanetary field decreasing linearly with distance, Brice and Ioannides (1970) obtained a model of Jupiter’s magnetosphere by scaling the magnetosphere of the Earth. For a surface magnetic field of 10 G, they predicted the magnetopause to be at 53 R J at the subsolar point and at 80 R J on the dawn side, on the basis of a balance between the solar wind pressure and the planetary magnetic field pressure. One of the first surprises of the Pioneer 10 encounter with Jupiter in November, 1973, was that a magnetopause was observed way out at 96 R J on the inbound trajectory. The other major surprise, in so far as the large scale structure of the magnetosphere is concerned, was the observation of a 10 h periodicity in the detection of magnetospheric plasma. In addition, it was found that the outer region of Jupiter’s dayside magnetosphere exhibited phenomena which resembled more the phenomena observed in the geomagnetic tail.
Temporal Regulation of Metamorphic Processes in Drosophila by the let-7 and miR-125 Heterochronic MicroRNAs

Summary Background The let-7 and lin-4 microRNAs belong to a class of temporally expressed, noncoding regulatory RNAs that function as heterochronic switch genes in the nematode C. elegans . Heterochronic genes control the relative timing of events during development and are considered a major force in the rapid evolution of new morphologies. let-7 is highly conserved and in Drosophila is temporally coregulated with the lin-4 homolog, miR-125 . Little is known, however, about their requirement outside the nematode or whether they universally control the timing of developmental processes. Results We report the generation of a Drosophila mutant that lacks let-7 and miR-125 activities and that leads to a pleiotropic phenotype arising during metamorphosis. We focus on two defects and demonstrate that loss of let-7 and miR-125 results in temporal delays in two distinct metamorphic processes: the terminal cell-cycle exit in the wing and maturation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) at adult abdominal muscles. We identify the abrupt ( ab ) gene, encoding a nuclear protein, as a bona fide let-7 target and provide evidence that let-7 governs the maturation rate of abdominal NMJs during metamorphosis by regulating ab expression. Conclusions Drosophila Iet-7 and miR-125 mutants exhibit temporal misregulation of specific metamorphic processes. As in C. elegans , Drosophila let-7 is both necessary and sufficient for the appropriate timing of a specific cell-cycle exit, indicating that its function as a heterochronic microRNA is conserved. The ab gene is a target of let-7 , and its repression in muscle is essential for the timing of NMJ maturation during metamorphosis. Our results suggest that let-7 and miR-125 serve as conserved regulators of events necessary for the transition from juvenile to adult life stages.
Dielectric properties of Ba(Ti1 − xZrx)O3 solid solutions

Abstract This paper reports the structural and dielectric properties of Ba(Ti 1 − x Zr x )O 3 ( x = 0–0.3) ceramics. Single-phase solid solutions of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction. Microscopic observation by scanning electron microscope revealed dense, single-phase microstructure with large grains (20–60 μm). The evolution of dielectric behavior from a sharp ferroelectric peak (for x ≤ 0.08) to a round dielectric peak (for 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) with pinched phase transitions and successively to a ferroelectric relaxor (for x = 0.3) was observed with increasing Zr concentration. Compared with pure BaTiO 3 , broaden dielectric peaks with high dielectric constant of 25,000–40,000 and reasonably low loss (tan δ : 0.01–0.06) in the Ba(Ti 1 − x Zr x )O 3 ceramics have been observed, indicating great application potential as a dielectric material.
Research of Fault Monitoring and Early Warning Technology of Optical Cable

Electric power optic cables, as infrastructure facilities of the power communication system, are commonly affiliated to primary towers and poles of power transmission lines. And their safe and stable operation is one of important factors to guarantee the reliable power supply. At present, there are many kinds of professional application systems for equipment management in the field of Power System, so the level of their automation and intelligence is relatively high. But Management and Monitoring of outdoor lines are still staying the same as traditional methods, becoming a vulnerable part in smart grid. This paper introduces a network management system of electric power optic cables based on GIS and referred to the design method of Transmission Network Management System (TNMS). Its aims and several main developing technologies are also discussed. This system will play an important role in improving maintenance management and operational reliability for the power communication network.
SYSTOLIC ANTERIOR MOTION OF THE ANTERIOR MITRAL LEAFLET AND HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A PREDICTOR OF NON-GENETIC, NON-FAMILIAL DISEASE?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is marked by profound phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet is a classically described feature of HCM but its genetic predilection is unknown. Our study cohort consisted of 213 (74 male, mean age 51
Advances in ion beam intensity at Sandia National Laboratories

Summary form only given, as follows. In 1993 lithium beam intensities /spl ges/1 TW/cm/sup 2/ were achieved and lithium-driven target experiments at the /spl sim/1400 TW/g level were performed on the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II (PBFA II) at Sandia National Laboratories. Hohlraum radiation temperatures of up to 60 eV were achieved using this lithium beam. Our 1995 Light-Ion ICF program milestone of achieving a 100 eV radiation temperature in an ion-driven hohlraum will require a lithium beam intensity of 5/spl plusmn/1 TW/cm/sup 2/ on a 4 mm diameter cylindrical target: this will require both an increase in coupled lithium power and a decrease in total lithium beam divergence. The lithium beam power has been limited to /spl sim/5-6 TW by a so called "parasitic load". This parasitic current loss in our ion diodes has recently been identified as being carried by ions that are accelerated from plasmas that are formed when high voltage electrons are lost to anodes with many monolayers of hydrocarbon surface contamination. Control of anode and cathode plasmas on the SABRE accelerator using RF-discharge cleaning, anode heating, and cryogenic cooling of the cathode have increased the efficiency of the production of lithium current by a factor of 2-3. The principal cleaning technique uses an RF-assisted (13.5 MHz, DC bias/spl sim/100 V) Ar/O/sub 2/ glow discharge to chemically combust and sputter the hydrocarbons, followed by an Ar-only discharge to remove the remaining oxides via sputtering. Anode recontamination can be limited by heating the anode to /spl sim/450/spl deg/C to reduce the sticking coefficient and stimulate thermal desorption. A new ion diode incorporating glow discharge cleaning and titanium gettering pumps has been installed in PBFAII and will be tested in December 1994. Anode heaters should be available in January 1995. Circuit model calculations indicate that we can more than double our coupled lithium ion power on PBFA II by eliminating the parasitic current.
The Minnesota Case Study Collection: New Historical Inquiry Case Studies for Nature of Science Education

The new Minnesota Case Study Collection is profiled, along with other examples. They complement the work of the HIPST Project in illustrating the aims of: (1) historically informed inquiry learning that fosters explicit NOS reflection, and (2) engagement with faithfully rendered samples of Whole Science.
Abstract A35: Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats by Se,Se′‐1,4‐phenylenebis(1,2‐ethanediyl)bis‐isoselenourea (PBISe) a novel analog of PBIT, an iNOS inhibitor

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is potential target for inflammation and cancer. Previously, we have shown that S,S′‐1,4‐Phenylenebis(1,2‐ethanediyl)bisisothiourea (PBIT) inhibit colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Although, colon cancer inhibitory efficacy of PBIT has been significant, selective iNOS inhibitors do not completely abrogate NO production due to the exogenous bioavailability and NO generation by eNOS in tumor tissues. To create an iNOS selective and multi‐targeted molecule, we have developed a novel isosteric analogue of PBIT, namely PBISe in which sulfur was replaced with selenium. We examined the chemopreventive efficacy of PBISe on AOM‐induced rat colon carcinogenesis model using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as end point. At seven weeks of age, rats (12/group) were fed the control diet (AIN 76A) and colonic ACF were induced by AOM. Three days after second AOM treatment, rats were fed the diets containing 0, 10 and 20 ppm of PBI‐Se and continued on the respective diets for 8 weeks before ACF were evaluated histopathologically. Furthermore, PBISe (0–12 µM) and PBIT (0 – 100 µM) were studied for the markers of growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in the human colon cancer CaCo2 cell line. In addition, inhibitory effect of PBISe and PBIT on proinflammatory signaling molecules iNOS, IL‐8 and IL‐6 were studied by RT‐PCR. Results suggest that dietary administration of 10 and 20ppm of PBISe significantly suppressed AOM‐induced total colonic ACF formation (32 – 41%, p Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A35.
Anatomic and physiologic considerations of a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex.

Abstract Within both human and canine hearts there is a mass of chemoreceptor tissue lying just between the origins of the aorta and pulmonary artery and receiving its blood supply from the proximal portion of the left coronary artery. In the dog this is considered to be the site of origin for a powerful hypertensive reflex stimulated by serotonin. There is brief generalized arterial vasoconstriction, except for the coronary and pulmonary arteries. The afferent limb of this cardiogenic hypertensive Chemoreflex courses in thoracic branches of the vagus. Autonomic efferent responses are both vagal arid, sympathetic events. These include simultaneous positive and negative inotropic effects on the atria, a positive inotropic effect on both ventricles, positive and negative chronotropic actions and similarly mixed dromotropic effects. Methods for separately identifying and quantifying these responses are discussed and illustrated. Vagotomy eliminates the reflex, as does the administration of cyproheptadine (but not methysergide). Among possible human counterparts for this cardiogenic hypertensive Chemoreflex are the pressor responses associated with angina pectoris, with very early acute myocardial infarction and after certain forms of cardiac surgery such as saphenous vein bypass grafting.
Ss Inventory Policy with Variable Delivery Time

In this paper we study the question of determining an Ss inventory policy in the presence of delivery time being a random variable. Otherwise the usual conditions of the problem are retained demand is considered a random variable, etc.. We will use the basic work of Whitin Whitin, Thomson M. 1953. The Theory of Inventory Management. Princeton University Press, Princeton., as a starting point, and develop our analysis as an extension of his exposition where delivery time is taken as being constant. It will be our purpose to derive formulas for the determination of the order size and of the reordering point.
Scheduling precedence graphs of bounded height

The existence of a schedule for a partially ordered set of unit length tasks on m identical processors is known to be NP-complete (J. D. Ullman, NP-complete scheduling problems, J. Comput. System Sci., 10 (1975), 384–393). The problem remains NP-complete even if we restrict the precedence graph to be of height bounded by a constant. (J. K. Lenkstra and A. H. G. Rinnooy Kan, Complexity of scheduling under precedence constraints, Operations Res., 26 (1978), 22–35; D. Dolev and M. K. Warmuth, “Scheduling Flat Graphs,” IBM Research Report RJ 3398, 1982). In these NP-completeness proofs the upper bound on the number of available processors varies with the problem instance. We present a polynomial algorithm for the case where the upper bound on the number of available processors and the height of the precedence graph are both constants.
Extraction and Identification of Antioxidants in Oats.

Eight separate solvent systems were used with groats and hulls of several lines of oats to determine which system resulted in the most effective, rapid extraction of antioxidants. Antioxidant activity at room temperature was estimated by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) along with a β-carotene spray. The greatest antioxidant activities were obtained with methanolic antioxidant extracts derived from Noble and Ogle oats and hulls. These extracts were added to soybean oil (SBO) and their effectiveness was compared with that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) and a control (no additives) at 32°C, 60°C and 180°C. A petroleum ether extract of Noble oats also was tested in SBO at 180°C. Peroxide values (PV) for oils with added antioxidants during storage at 32°C and 60°C showed that the Ogle oat extract was more effective than the other oat and hull extracts or the control. There were no significant differences in effectiveness among the extracts and the control at 60°C. At 180°C, the stability of each oil was determined by measuring conjugated dienoic acid values (CD) and the relative amounts of the unoxidized fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) 18:2, 18:3 and 18:2/16:0. All oils with added oat and hull extracts had significantly lower CD and significantly higher 18:2/16:0 than oils with added BHT, TBHQ or the control during 14 days at frying temperature. Phenolic and hydroxy-phenolic antioxidant compounds with acids, alcohols, sugars or glycerides attached were tentatively identified in the oat and hull extracts by using TLC and Chromatographic sprays.
Parental Custody Negotiations and Health Insurance Access for Children

Family practitioners who provide divorce education programs should be aware that a child in a sole-custody household (especially one headed by the father) is highly likely to lack insurance coverag...
Post-translational modifications: A shift for the O-GlcNAc paradigm

Many nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are post-translationally modified by both O-GlcNAc and phosphate, but determining whether a single copy of a protein bears multiple modifications remains a challenge. A new analytic approach reveals a surprising correlation between phosphorylation and the O-GlcNAc modification.
Probabilistic sensitivity methods for correlated normal variables

A methodology for computing probabilistic sensitivities with respect to the means, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients of correlated normal variables is presented. This approach is an extension of the 'Score Function' method for use with sampling methods and arbitrary limit states. The method is formulated in terms of an expected value operator such that the existing samples from a probabilistic analysis can be used to obtain the partial derivatives of the probability-of-failure or response moments as a function of the input distribution's means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients with typically negligible cost. The key ingredient is the development of multidimensional kernel functions for correlated normal variables which are herein derived. The method is straightforward to implement in any sampling-based method given the kernel functions. No restrictions exist on the form of the limit state nor are transformations required. The method indicates that sensitivities with respect to the correlation coefficient may be nonzero even if the correlation coefficient itself is zero. Numerical comparisons with analytical and numerical derivatives are presented.
Preliminary findings on the links between violence, crime, and HIV risk among young adults with substance use disorders in El Salvador

AbstractThe links between substance use and violence, crime, and HIV risk behavior have been well-documented among individuals in developed nations. However, it remains uncertain how, and to what degree, such behaviors are related in the severe socio-environmental context of marginalized communities in developing nations like El Salvador. Using data from a sample of young adult men (n = 177; ages 18–26) residing in marginalized communities in San Salvador, El Salvador (June–November 2011), we conducted Chi-square tests of association and two group mean comparison tests to examine the bivariate associations between substance use disorders (SUDs) and violence, crime, and HIV risk behavior. Results indicate that individuals meeting criteria for SUDs are approximately two to three times more likely than those not meeting criteria to report recent involvement in all violent and criminal outcomes examined in this study. Particularly robust effects were identified in terms of carrying a hidden weapon (χ2 = 26.98...
Effects of body condition on measures of intramuscular and rump fat, endocrine factors, and calving rate of beef cows grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue.

Multiparous beef cows were managed to achieve marginal (BCS = 4.7 ± 0.07; n = 106) or good (BCS = 6.6 ± 0.06; n = 121) body condition (BC) to determine the influence of forage environment on BW and BC changes, intramuscular fat percentage (IMF), rump fat (RF), and serum hormones during 2 yr. Cows within each BC were randomly assigned to graze either common bermudagrass (CB; n = 3 pastures/yr) or toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (EI; n = 3 pastures/yr) during a 60-d breeding season. Blood samples were collected at d 0, 30, and 60 of the breeding season, and serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL), IGF-I, and cortisol (CORT) were quantified; PRL and progesterone (P(4)) also were quantified 10 d before the breeding season (d -10). Body weight and BCS were recorded during the breeding season (d 0, 30, and 60). Cow IMF and RF were measured via ultrasonography at the start and end of the breeding season. Cows with increased (>1 ng/mL) P(4) at the beginning of the breeding season (cyclic) had greater (P 0.10) among good- and marginal-BC cows grazing CB, as well as good-BC cows grazing EI; however, marginal-BC cows grazing EI had reduced (P 0.10) among good- (82%) and marginal- (84%) BC cows grazing CB, and good-BC cows grazing EI (79%); however, marginal-BC cows grazing EI had a reduced (P = 0.04) calving rate (61%). Cattle grazing EI during the breeding season lost BC. That reduction in BC may be communicated to the pituitary via hormones that include IGF-I or PRL or both, resulting in decreased calving rates.
Training in relaxation as a behavioral self-management skill: An exploratory investigation

A study was conducted to assess the specific and general effects of selfrelaxation. Nine male and 12 female student volunteers received training in relaxation administered individually over a 6-wk period by two male instructors. Post-treatment assessments suggested that most subjects had acquired basic relaxation skills and had employed them to personal advantage in stressful situations. Relaxation subjects also exhibited significant improvement on two of three general anxiety measures whereas 12 male nd 12 female Control subjects did not, but only one between-group comparison was significant. It was concluded that, in well-functioning individuals, relaxation may be useful as a behavioral self-management skill for controlling tension and reducing dysphoric affect in specific stressful situations.
ATS-6 Interferometer

The Applications Technology Satellite-6 (ATS-6) RF interferometer is utilized primarily as a precision 3-axis attitude sensor having an unambiguous field of view of 350°. This function requires two separated ground transmitters, each using one of the two available frequency channels or sharing a single channel by time multiplexing. For 3-axis control, one uplink transmitter can provide 2-axis attitude (pitch and roll) with other sensors (e.g., a Polaris tracker) providing yaw attitude. By utilizing two uplink transmitters and the Earth sensor or three time multiplexed uplink transmitters, the interferometer can also provide measurements of ATS-6 spacecraft orbit position. Uplink frequencies are 6.150 and 6.155 GHz. The receiving antennas are spaced at 19.95 wavelengths (?) for the vernier baseline and 1.66 ? for the coarse baseline. Spacecraft system weight is 8.39 kg (18.5 lb) and power requirement is 15.5 W. Flight evaluation results are given for the interferometer including R F link budgets, modulation of uplink carrier, signal-to-noise ratio, and dropout behavior. A hardware calibration model is described, containing major biases in the phase measurements. Techniques for flight calibration as both an attitude and spacecraft position sensor are outlined . Flight testing has shown that on-line calibration of receiver/converter biases must be performed on a short term routine basis. Interferometer resolution was found to be 0.00140 space angle with negligible noise (jitter) at transmitted power levels above 72 dBW. As an attitude sensor, the interferometer has demonstrated the ability to provide stabilization to better than 0.