cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
pH-Dependence of Binding Constants and Desorption Rates of Phosphonate- and Hydroxamate-Anchored [Ru(bpy)3]2+ on TiO2 and WO3

The binding constants and rate constants for desorption of the modified molecular dye [Ru(bpy)3]2+ anchored by either phosphonate or hydroxamate on the bipyridine ligand to anatase TiO2 and WO3 have been measured. In aqueous media at pH 1–10, repulsive electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged anchor and the negatively charged surface govern phosphonate desorption under neutral and basic conditions for TiO2 anatase due to the high acidity of phosphonic acid (pKa,4 = 5.1). In contrast, the lower acidity of hydroxamate (pKa,1 = 6.5, pKa,2 = 9.1) leads to little change in adsorption/desorption properties as a function of pH from 1 to 7. The binding constant for hydroxamate is 103 in water, independent of pH in this range. These results are true for WO3 as well, but are not reported at pH > 4 due to its Arrhenius acidity. Kinetics for desorption as a function of pH are reported, with a proposed mechanism for phosphonate desorption at high pH being the electrostatic repulsion of negative charge...
Virtue Without Theory

Soulevant la question de l'utilisation du langage de la vertu et des vices sans recourir a la theorie de la vertu, l'A. etudie les origines, la nature et les faiblesses de la theorie contemporaine, d'une part, et mesure la possibilite d'une approche anti-theorique, representee par I. Murdoch, C. Diamond et C. Taylor, d'autre part. Soulignant le regain d'interet pour la theorie de la vertu aristotelicienne avec les travaux de G. E. M. Anscombe sur «La philosophie morale moderne» (1981), l'A. examine la critique de la theorie de la vertu developpee par R. Hurtshouse et defend l'alternative presentee par Murdoch, Diamond et Taylor a partir des notions d'attention, art, persuasion et articulation
Diuril® (Merck Sharp & Dohme)

Diuril is a diuretic and antihypertensive; it acts by affecting the renal tubular mechanism for electrolyte reabsorption thereby promoting an increase in the excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equal amounts. Its action is accompanied by a secondary loss of potassium and bicarbonate.
Blood Pressure Control and Primary Prevention of Stroke: Summary of Clinical Trial Data

Lowering elevated blood pressure (BP) significantly prevented stroke in many clinical trials. However, most trials have not reported results specifically in primary stroke prevention. Fixed-effects, random-effects, and network meta-analyses were therefore performed to estimate the effectiveness of antihypertensive drug therapy, using all data available in the published literature. In the eight placebo-controlled trials that reported numbers of observed first strokes, active drug therapy reduced the risk of stroke by 31% (95% confidence interval: 21–40%, P < 0.0001). This estimate was quite similar to those obtained from a variety of meta-analyses that included either all, or various subsets of, 33 placebo-controlled trials in hypertensive patients (including those that enrolled patients with a prior stroke). The number of strokes prevented was significantly and directly related to the absolute risk of stroke in the placebo group. Among trials comparing active antihypertensive drugs, only five were primary prevention studies. Thus, insufficient power precludes reliable estimates of comparative efficacy of antihypertensive drug classes in primary stroke prevention. In network meta-analysis of all 61 trials involving 349,078 subjects (most of whom had hypertension, and some of whom had prior strokes), 75 pair-wise comparisons, and 11,599 strokes, all antihypertensive drug classes showed significant prevention of stroke, compared to placebo or no treatment, with an initial diuretic or calcium antagonist being more effective than other drug classes. Although some suggest that calcium antagonists have a small (but significant) BP-independent effect on stroke prevention, the preponderance of the evidence indicates lower achieved blood pressures result in greater stroke prevention.
Health Sciences Libraries Advancing Collaborative Clinical Research Data Management in Universities

Purpose Medical libraries need to actively review their service models and explore partnerships with other campus entities to provide better-coordinated clinical research management services to faculty and researchers. TRAIL (Translational Research and Information Lab), a five-partner initiative at the University of Washington (UW), explores how best to leverage existing expertise and space to deliver clinical research data management (CRDM) services and emerging technology support to clinical researchers at UW and collaborating institutions in the Pacific Northwest. Methods The initiative offers 14 services and a technology-enhanced innovation lab located in the Health Sciences Library (HSL) to support the University of Washington clinical and research enterprise. Sharing of staff and resources merges library and non-library workflows, better coordinating data and innovation services to clinical researchers. Librarians have adopted new roles in CRDM, such as providing user support and training for UW's Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) instance. Results TRAIL staff are quickly adapting to changing workflows and shared services, including teaching classes on tools used to manage clinical research data. Researcher interest in TRAIL has sparked new collaborative initiatives and service offerings. Marketing and promotion will be important for raising researchers' awareness of available services. Conclusions Medical librarians are developing new skills by supporting and teaching CRDM. Clinical and data librarians better understand the information needs of clinical and translational researchers by being involved in the earlier stages of the research cycle and identifying technologies that can improve healthcare outcomes. At health sciences libraries, leveraging existing resources and bringing services together is central to how university medical librarians will operate in the future.
Revisiting Erik Erikson’s Legacy on Culture, Race, and Ethnicity

Erik Erikson is seldom associated with work on culture, race, and ethnicity. What is ironic about this lack of association is not only that Erikson did consider these factors but that they figured ...
Assessing the Effectiveness of Engaging Patients and Their Families in the Three-Step Fall Prevention Process Across Modalities of an Evidence-Based Fall Prevention Toolkit: An Implementation Science Study.

Background: Patient falls are a major problem in hospitals. The development of a Patient-Centered Fall Prevention Toolkit, Fall TIPS (Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety), reduced falls by 25% in acute care hospitals by leveraging health information technology to complete the 3-step fall prevention process—(1) conduct fall risk assessments; (2) develop tailored fall prevention plans with the evidence-based interventions; and (3) consistently implement the plan. We learned that Fall TIPS was most effective when patients and family were engaged in all 3 steps of the fall prevention process. Over the past decade, our team developed 3 Fall TIPS modalities—the original electronic health record (EHR) version, a laminated paper version that uses color to provide clinical decision support linking patient-specific risk factors to the interventions, and a bedside display version that automatically populates the bedside monitor with the patients’ fall prevention plan based on the clinical documentation in the EHR. However, the relative effectiveness of each Fall TIPS modality for engaging patients and family in the 3-step fall prevention process remains unknown. Objective: This study aims to examine if the Fall TIPS modality impacts patient engagement in the 3-step fall prevention process and thus Fall TIPS efficacy. Methods: To assess patient engagement in the 3-step fall prevention process, we conducted random audits with the question, “Does the patient/family member know their fall prevention plan?” In addition, audits were conducted to measure adherence, defined by the presence of the Fall TIPS poster at the bedside. Champions from 3 hospitals reported data from April to June 2017 on 6 neurology and 7 medical units. Peer-to-peer feedback to reiterate the best practice for patient engagement was central to data collection. Results: Overall, 1209 audits were submitted for the patient engagement measure and 1401 for the presence of the Fall TIPS poster at the bedside. All units reached 80% adherence for both measures. While some units maintained high levels of patient engagement and adherence with the poster protocol, others showed improvement over time, reaching clinically significant adherence (>80%) by the final month of data collection. Conclusions: Each Fall TIPS modality effectively facilitates patient engagement in the 3-step fall prevention process, suggesting all 3 can be used to integrate evidence-based fall prevention practices into the clinical workflow. The 3 Fall TIPS modalities may prove an effective strategy for the spread, allowing diverse institutions to choose the modality that fits with the organizational culture and health information technology infrastructure.
High-linearity SAR-VCO MASH ΔΣ ADC with second-order noise shaping

A novel 0-2 Multi-Stage Noise Shaping (MASH) analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed. The first stage is implemented using a 4-bit SAR ADC. The second stage uses a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)-based quantiser (VCOQ). Unlike earlier VCOQs which provide first-order noise shaping, the VCOQ proposed in this Letter achieves second-order noise filtering. To implement this noise shaping, the quantisation noise of the VCOQ is extracted as a pulse-width-modulated signal, and it is fed back to the VCO input using a charge pump circuit. In the proposed scheme, the input signal to the VCO is small. Therefore, the linearity requirement of this block is relaxed. Also, any error related to the charge pump circuitry will be first-order shaped at the output. Simulation results confirm the second-order noise shaping of the output of the ADC, and an excellent (14-bit signal-to-noise and distortion ratio) performance with the over-sampling ratio of 16.
Parent and family perspectives on home-based newborn care practices in lower-income countries: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Objectives To understand family and parent perspectives on newborn care provided at home to infants in the first 28 days of life, in order to inform behavioural interventions for improving care in low-income countries, where the majority of newborn deaths occur. Design A comprehensive, qualitative systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health databases were systematically searched for studies examining the views of parents and family members on newborn care at home. The search period included all studies published from 2006 to 2017. Studies using qualitative approaches or mixed-methods studies with substantial use of qualitative techniques in both the methods and analysis sections were included. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted and evaluated using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme guidelines. Following the initial selection and appraisal, barriers and facilitators to recommended care practices across several domains were synthesised. Results Of 411 results retrieved, 37 met both inclusion and quality appraisal criteria for methodology and reporting. Geographical representation largely reflected that of newborn health outcomes globally, with the majority of studies conducted in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Specific barriers and facilitators were identified among a range of domains including: cord care, drying and wrapping, thermal control, skin to skin contact, hygiene, breast feeding, care-seeking for illness, and low birthweight recognition. Cross cutting facilitators, common to all domains were evident and included delivery at a health facility, inclusion of female relatives in care counselling, lower healthcare costs, and exposure to newborn care behaviour change messaging in the community. Conclusions When designing behavioural interventions to address newborn mortality at scale, policy-makers and practitioners must include barriers and facilitators important to families in low-income settings. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016035674.
Experiences of care among individuals with opioid use disorder-associated endocarditis and their healthcare providers: Results from a qualitative study.

Abstract Purpose Infectious complications of opioid use disorder (OUD), including endocarditis, are rising. Patients with OUD-associated endocarditis have poor clinical outcomes but their care is not well understood. We aimed to elucidate the prior experiences of care for patients with OUD-associated endocarditis and the healthcare providers who deliver that care. Study design This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews of patients and providers at a single academic hospital using a grounded theory approach. Patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for at least mild OUD who had previously completed an episode of care for OUD-associated endocarditis were recruited from inpatient and ambulatory settings. Multidisciplinary care providers who regularly care for patients with OUD-associated endocarditis were also recruited. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved. Principle results Of 11 patient participants, six were recruited from outpatient settings. Of 12 provider participants, seven cared for patients with OUD “almost always.” Five major themes emerged across patient and provider interviews: stigma-related inequity and delays in care, the social and medical comorbidities of individuals with OUD-associated endocarditis, addiction as a chronic and relapsing disease, differing experiences of prolonged hospitalizations between patients and providers, and a lack of integration or discontinuity of care. Opportunities for care innovation and improvement were identified. Conclusions This qualitative analysis highlights multiple patient and health system factors that may explain poor clinical outcomes experienced by individuals with OUD-associated endocarditis. A sick, complex, stigmatized patient population was noted, with new physical and mental comorbidities often developing on top of pre-existing ones. Perceived barriers to effective treatment of OUD-associated endocarditis included the complexity of managing two life threatening illness simultaneously, external stigma towards individuals with OUD, and discontinuity in longitudinal care.
A risk model for addictive behaviors in adolescents: interactions between personality and learning.

Background and aims To determine whether transdiagnostic risk, represented as elevations in one high-risk personality trait, interacts with behavior-specific risk, represented as elevated expectancies for reinforcement from either drinking or smoking, to account partly for early adolescent drinking and smoking behavior. Design Multiple regression analysis. Setting Twenty-three public schools in two school systems in the United States. Participants A sample of 1897 adolescents tested in the spring of 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades. Measurements Transdiagnostic risk was measured as negative urgency, the tendency to act rashly when distressed, using the UPPS-P child version. Drinking-specific and smoking-specific risk were measured as expectancies for reinforcement from drinking and smoking, using the Memory Model-Based Expectancy Questionnaire (alcohol) and the Adolescent Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (smoking). Findings There was consistent concurrent prediction from the interactions of (a) negative urgency and alcohol reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent drinking and (b) negative urgency and smoking reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent smoking, above and beyond prediction from the main effects of those variables. In each case, expectancies were more predictive at higher levels of negative urgency. Incremental R2 values for main effects ranged from 0.07 to 0.26, and for interactions ranged from 0.01 to 0.03. Prospectively, the main effects predicted subsequent behavior but the interaction effects did not, except in one case. Conclusions Among elementary and high school students in the United States, the joint effects of negative urgency and behavior-specific expectancies help to explain drinking and smoking behavior. Joint elevations on the trait and the learning variable account for drinking and smoking behavior beyond the main effects of each predictor. However, there is reason to doubt whether the joint effects predict subsequent increases in drinking and smoking beyond the main effects of those variables.
Frozen-Light Modes in 3-way Coupled Silicon Ridge Waveguides

Frozen-light modes supported by the stationary inflection point (SIP) within the pass band of 3-way coupled periodic silicon ridge waveguides is demonstrated. Precise tuning of the coupling between forward and backward propagating modes lead to mode degeneracy with vanishing group velocity. The unit cell is tuned to obtain the SIP on the third branch in the dispersion diagram. Subsequently, we demonstrate a finite structure with 23 unit cells to support the frozen mode at the SIP frequency. For this example, the group velocity at the SIP is 385 times slower than speed of light in vacuum. Transmission resonances of the finite structure, as well as the field distribution within the device at the SIP frequency are studied and presented.
Linear Quadratic Formulation of the Target Defense Differential Game

In this paper we revisit the Target Defense Differential Game and recast it as a linear quadratic differential game. In this game there are two players, a Defender and an Attacker; the target is stationary. The Attacker aims at the target trying to avoid the Defender while the Defender protects the target by blocking the Attacker’s path to the target and trying to intercept the Attacker as far as possible from the target. The Attacker strives to minimize his distance from the Target at the moment of interception by the Defender. Each player is mindful of its energy expenditure by imposing appropriate quadratic weights on its control inputs. The analytical solution of this linear quadratic differential game is obtained in this paper which can be implemented in closed-loop form to provide robustness against non-optimal maneuvers by the opponent.
Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Lung Diseases

Neonates experience abrupt surge in oxygen (O2) tension immediately after birth when their antioxidant defense system is not yet fully established. The more than fivefold increase in O2 tension causes immediate oxidative stress, and the change can be more exaggerated when neonates are born with respiratory distress that requires supplemental O2 to maintain tissue metabolism. This perinatal transition-induced oxidative stress is apparently very different from those experienced by other age groups. There are more than 1 in every 100 neonates who suffer from respiratory distress at birth. When mechanical ventilation is used for respiratory distress, which sometimes can be complicated with infection secondary to the invasive treatments, more oxidative stress will be generated. Mechanical ventilation, oxygen use, and infection are the three major contributors to neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD) – bronchopulmonary dysplasia – and all of them are associated with the generation of reactive oxidants. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) which occurs 1 in every 500 live births is another common neonatal lung disease mainly due to the persistence of high pulmonary vascular resistance. Increased endogenous oxidative stress has been shown to play a mechanistic role in the decreased vasodilation in PPHN. Inhaled nitric oxide and high concentration oxygen are used to reduce the pulmonary vascular resistance in PPHN. Since the lung is the first organ to confront this dramatic perinatal change, the cells within the lung need to cope with the oxidative stress. Cells respond to the oxidative stress with unfolded protein response, autophagy, and other adaptive mechanisms to survive this challenge by sacrificing their normal functions. When the oxidative stress persists too long, or is too overwhelming, then cell growth will be impaired with the development of chronic lung disease as a complication. The first 2–6 years of life is the most important period for lung growth, so any injury during this critical period can have major long-term impact to adult lung function. Neonates who survive chronic lung disease usually need months or even years of O2 support; this obviously will further prolong the oxidative stress of their lungs. Pulmonary hypertension can complicate the CLD which significantly increases the mortality rate. The CLD survivors are also prone to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which is the major leading cause of death worldwide. Although oxidative stress plays a vital role in causing lung injury, the antioxidant treatment, however, has never shown clinical efficacy indicating that more complicated mechanisms are involved. Roughly 20,000 neonates suffer from chronic lung diseases each year in the USA. New therapeutic strategies are apparently in need to help these neonates with a better lung growth.
Adaptive parallel execution of deep neural networks on heterogeneous edge devices

New applications such as smart homes, smart cities, and autonomous vehicles are driving an increased interest in deploying machine learning on edge devices. Unfortunately, deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained devices presents significant challenges. These workloads are computationally intensive and often require cloud-like resources. Prior solutions attempted to address these challenges by either introducing more design efforts or by relying on cloud resources for assistance. In this paper, we propose a runtime adaptive convolutional neural network (CNN) acceleration framework that is optimized for heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) environments. The framework leverages spatial partitioning techniques through fusion of the convolution layers and dynamically selects the optimal degree of parallelism according to the availability of computational resources, as well as network conditions. Our evaluation shows that our framework outperforms state-of-art approaches by improving the inference speed and reducing communication costs while running on wirelessly-connected Raspberry-Pi3 devices. Experimental evaluation shows up to 1.9x ~ 3.7x speedup using 8 devices for three popular CNN models.
The Political Afterlives of Rebel Narratives

This chapter argues that the Sudan African National Union's (SANU) discursive construction of the “Southern Problem” was internationally resonant and diplomatically consequential in the 1960s. SANU’s discourses aimed to elicit demonstrations of African solidarity, condemnations of the Sudanese government and, ultimately, support for the South’s right to self-determination. It traces the traction SANU discourses had and the solidarity efforts they inspired. The chapter argues that the budding support in Uganda, the UK and various parts of Europe among students and activists reveals that SANU’s narratives of Sudan’s conflict began to influence audiences abroad.
Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeological Survey: A Case Study from the Sinis Archaeological Project, Sardinia

Satellite imagery has long been recognized as well suited for the regional and ecological questions of many archaeological surveys. One underexplored aspect of such data is their temporal resolution. It is now possible for areas to be imaged on an almost daily basis, and this resolution offers new opportunities for studying landscapes through remote sensing in parallel with ground-based survey. This article explores the applications of these data for visibility assessment and land-cover change detection in the context of the Sinis Archaeological Project, a regional archaeological survey of west-central Sardinia. We employ imagery provided by Planet, which has a spatial resolution of 3 m, in four spectral bands, and is collected daily. Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values calculated for each survey unit, we find that there is a relationship between NDVI values and field-reported visibility in general, though the strength of this correlation differs according to land-cover classes. We also find the data to be effective at tracking short-term changes in field conditions that allow us to differentiate fields of similar land cover and visibility. We consider limitations and potentials of these data and encourage further experimentation and development.
The Real Effects of Local Investors: Evidence From Corporate Innovation

This paper investigates whether the proximity between mutual funds and their investments could explain corporate innovation. I find that mutual funds investing in local firms increase firms’ R&D expenditure and productivity. More importantly, firms with greater local ownership produce more patents and patents with bigger impact. My identification strategies suggest this relation is causal. The effects of local investors on corporate innovation are more pronounced for firms with low information quality, poor corporate governance, and higher competition. The results suggest that local investors are effective monitors with information advantages that enhance corporate innovations.
Chapter 3 – The Menstrual Cycle

The brain influences secretion of gonadotropic hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH]) from the anterior pituitary gland. These gonadotropins in turn regulate ovarian activity in females by controlling ovarian steroid hormone secretion, causing maturation of follicles and oocytes and inducing ovulation. Ovarian steroid hormones then regulate the function of the female sex accessory structures and secondary sexual characteristics. However, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, and the menstrual cycle is the result of finely tuned interactions among the brain, pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus.
Theoretical predictions for the rheology of dispersions of highly deformable particles under large amplitude oscillatory shear

This work is concerned with the oscillatory rheology of non-colloidal suspensions of highly deformable viscoelastic particles in Newtonian fluids under simple shear loading. To this end, use is made of the homogenization model of Avazmohammadi & Ponte Castaneda (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 763, 2015, pp. 386–432) accounting for the time evolution of the average particle shape and orientation. For small excitation amplitudes, the equations reduce to the small-strain Oldroyd model with expressions for the storage and loss moduli, with increasing strain amplitude is consistent with type I or type III behaviour, in the terminology of Hyun et al. (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 107 (1–3), 2002, pp. 51–65), depending on the particle properties and concentration. In addition, the rheology is characterized by means of stress waveforms and Lissajous–Bowditch cycles in a Pipkin diagram. By accounting for the microstructure evolution, the model captures a number of nonlinear features commonly observed in the LAOS rheology of complex fluids, including a variety of distorted stress waveforms that manifest themselves in complex intracycle behaviour, as well as secondary loops. Furthermore, as a consequence of directional biases associated with the large deformations of the particles, the model predicts non-vanishing normal stress differences whose characteristic limit cycles are also presented in Pipkin space and reveal the formation of secondary loops for suspensions of Gent particles. However, it should be emphasized that the sources of these nonlinear rheological features for soft particle suspensions are very different from those for rigid particle colloidal systems and, in contrast to the colloidal systems, manifest themselves at dilute volume fractions of the particles.
Supporting Health Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women With HIV: Lessons Learned From Implementing the weCare Intervention

Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women with HIV, particularly those who are racial or ethnic minorities, often have poor health outcomes. They also utilize a wide array of social media. Accordingly, we developed and implemented weCare, an mHealth (mobile health) intervention where cyberhealth educators utilize established social media platforms (e.g., Facebook, texting, and GPS-based mobile applications ["apps"]) designed for social and sexual networking) to improve HIV-related care engagement and health outcomes. As part of the process evaluation of weCare, we conducted 32 interviews with intervention participants (n = 18) and HIV clinic providers and staff (n = 14). This article highlights three key intervention characteristics that promoted care engagement, including that weCare is (1) targeted (e.g., using existing social media platforms, similarity between intervention participants and cyberhealth educator, and implementation within a supportive clinical environment), (2) tailored (e.g., bidirectional messaging and trusting relationship between participants and cyberhealth educators to direct interactions), and (3) personalized (e.g., addressing unique care needs through messaging content and flexibility in engagement with intervention). In addition, interviewees' recommendations for improving weCare focused on logistics, content, and the ways in which the intervention could be adapted to reach a larger audience. Quality improvement efforts to ensure that mHealth interventions are relevant for young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women are critical to ensure care engagement and support health outcomes.
Detection of PD-L1-expressing myeloid cell clusters in the hyaluronan-enriched stroma in tumor tissue and tumor-draining lymph nodes

Expression of the transmembrane protein PD-L1 is frequently up-regulated in cancer. Since PD-L1-expressing cells can induce apoptosis or anergy of T lymphocytes through binding to PD1 receptor, the PD-L1-mediated inhibition of activated PD1+ T cells considered as a major pathway for tumor immune escape. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment not fully understood. Analysis of organotypic tumor tissue slice cultures, obtained from tumor-bearing mice as well as from cancer patients, revealed that tumor-associated hyaluronan (HA) supports the development of the immunosuppressive PD-L1+ macrophages. Using genetically modified tumor cells, we identified both epithelial tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as the major source of HA in the tumor microenvironment. HA-producing tumor cells and, in particular CAFs of bone marrow origin, directly interact with tumor-recruited Hyal2+ myeloid cells forming the large stromal congregates/clusters that are highly enriched for both HA and PD-L1. Furthermore, similar cell clusters comprising of HA-producing fibroblasts and PD-L1+ macrophages were detected in the tumor-draining lymph nodes. Collectively, our findings indicate that the formation of multiple large HA-enriched stromal clusters that support the development of PD-L1-expressing antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment and draining lymph nodes could contribute to the immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy in cancer.
One More Resource Curse: Dutch Disease and Export Concentration

Economists have long discussed the negative effect of Dutch disease episodes on the non-resource tradable sector as a whole, but little has been said on its impact on the composition of the non-resource export sector. This paper fills this gap by exploring to what extent concentration of a country’s non-resource export basket is determined by their exports of natural resources. We present a theoretical framework that shows how upward pressure in wages caused by a resource windfall results in higher export concentration. We then document two robust empirical findings consistent with the theory. First, using data on discovery of oil and gas fields and of commodity prices as sources of exogenous variation, we find that countries with larger shares of natural resources in exports have more concentrated non-resource export baskets. Second, we find capital-intensive exports tend to dominate the export basket of countries prone to Dutch disease episodes.
ERα-dependent estrogen-TNFα signaling crosstalk increases cisplatin tolerance and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in women. Our previous studies demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and tumor growth through estrogen receptor ERα. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that E2 potentiated TNFα-NFκB signaling in ERα-expressing lung adenocarcinoma cells. This study further demonstrated that E2 increased TNFα receptor expression and TNFα-triggered NFκB activity in ERα-expressing cells. E2-activated ERα had no physical association with NFκB p65/p50 heterodimer but facilitated TNFα-initiated IκBα degradation, NFκB nuclear translocation, and S468/S536 phosphorylation of p65 essential for NFκB activity. While knockdown of ERα prevented E2 from boosting NFκB activity, antiestrogen ICI 182,780 stimulated NFκB activity like E2. Inhibition of GSK3β hampered E2:ERα-promoted NFκB activity and abolished S468 phosphorylation of p65, suggesting that GSK3β played a role in the E2-TNFα signaling crosstalk. In ERα-expressing cells, E2 and TNFα synergistically regulated many genes that were not typically responsive to either E2 or TNFα. Functional analysis of microarray data inferred that E2/TNFα-induced transcriptomic changes improved cell survival and movement. Viability and colony formation assays validated that E2 and TNFα together increased cisplatin tolerance of ERα-expressing cells. Wound healing assays also confirmed that E2/TNFα cotreatment increased cell migration in an ERα-dependent manner. E2/TNFα-induced dysregulation of genes such as cell survival and movement-associated genes, proto-oncogenes, metallothioneins and histone core genes was correlated with poor overall survival in patients. In summary, E2 and TNFα engaged in an ERα-dependent positive crosstalk in lung adenocarcinoma cells, consequently increasing NFκB activation, cisplatin tolerance and cell migration and worsening prognosis.
Integrated physics package of micromercury trapped ion clock with 10−14-level frequency stability

Mercury trapped ion clocks have demonstrated great long-term frequency stability and robustness. In this paper, we report a demonstration of an integrated 100-cc physics package in an effort to develop a micromercury trapped ion clock with high frequency stability. The physics package consists of a sealed 30-cc vacuum tube with one layer of magnetic shielding, light source, and detector assembly. A field emitter array and a 194-nm microplasma lamp were employed together with a microtrap tube to reduce the size and power consumption for a mercury trapped ion clock. We show that the 100-cc physics package is capable of providing a fractional frequency stability of 1×10−11τ−1/2 down to 5×10−14 after a few hours of integration. We also show a set of environmental sensitivity evaluations as well as the clock frequency retrace.
Placental location site and adverse antepartum pregnancy complications: a meta-analysis and review of the literature

The purpose to the study was to determine the relationship, if any, between the placental location site and antepartum complications of pregnancy. A University research librarian conducted a comprehensive literature search using the search engines PubMed and Web of Science. The search terms were “placental location” AND “pregnancy complications” OR “perinatal complications. There were no limits put on the years of the search. The search identified 110 articles. After reviewing all the abstracts, relevant full articles, and references of full articles, there were 22 articles identified specific to antepartum complications. Central + fundal locations compared to all lateral were associated with a lower risk of hypertension during pregnancy RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.71]. Central location compared to all lateral was also associated with lower risk of hypertension during pregnancy [RR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26–0.59]. Placenta locations in the lower uterine segment were associated with greater risk of antepartum hemorrhage (APH) [RR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.16–7.75] compared to above the lower uterine segment. No differences were observed in placental locations and gestational diabetes (GDM), preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm delivery (PTD) or on a placental abruption. Central and fundal location sites and central location alone decreased the risk of hypertension during pregnancy. Low uterine segment location sites increased the risk for APH. There were no effects of placenta location sites on the development of GDM, PPROM, PTD or abruption.
The Relationship between Loneliness and Positive Affect in Older Adults

Abstract Objectives: To establish whether positive affect (PA) is uniquely associated with loneliness and other social functioning variables beyond negative affect (NA) among older adults. Methods: Four hundred and twenty-eight participants (aged 60+ years old, 82% White, and 48% female) were recruited using random digit-dialing and completed scales for loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale), companionship (PROMIS scale), satisfaction with discretionary social activities (PROMIS scale), PA (Center for Epidemiologic Studies [CES] Happiness Scale), and NA (CES-Depression scale and Brief Symptom Inventory-Anxiety Subscale). Results: Multiple linear regression models found PA to be a significant predictor of lower loneliness where the effect of PA on loneliness is dependent on the level of NA; a large effect size at the mean NA, which becomes attenuated when NA increases. Although the direction of effect of PA on loneliness will change for NA > 5.10, which is 5 standard deviations away from 0, based on the model estimates, the percent of subjects with this large NA levels is practically 0. Thus, higher PA is associated with lower loneliness, albeit with effect attenuated for larger NA. Similarly, multiple linear regression models found that companionship was associated with PA and NA where the effect of PA is dependent on the level of NA; a medium effect size at the mean NA, which becomes attenuated when NA increases. As in the case of loneliness, the direction of effect of PA on companionship will change for NA > 3.52, which is 3.5 standard deviation away from 0, based on the model estimates, but the percent of subjects with this large NA levels is practically 0. Thus, higher PA always increases companionship, albeit with effect attenuated for larger NA. Satisfaction with social activities was associated with PA only (medium effect size). Conclusions: Results suggest PA appears to be uniquely associated with social functioning among older adults. These findings support the potential for treatments that target PA to decrease loneliness among older adults, or vice versa.
Sleep loss and obesity : intersecting epidemics

1 Circadian Clock Genes and the Regulation of Sleep - Thomas Curie and Paul Franken 2 Clock Genes and Energy Metabolism - Hee-Kyung Hong, Wenyu Huang, Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey, Biliana Marcheva, and Joseph Bass 3 Neural Circuitry Underlying Sleep and Waking - Roda Rani Konadhode, Dheeraj Pelluru, and Priyattam J. Shiromani 4 Feeding as a Reward Mechanism- Ralph J. Dileone, Nandakumar S. Narayanan, and Douglas J. Guarnieri 5 Plasticity of Brain Feeding Circuits in Response to Food - Tamas L. Horvath 6 The Neurogenetics of Energy Balance - Martin G. Myers, Jr. 7 Short Sleep and Obesity in Children - Chantelle N. Hart, Elizabeth Kuhl, and Elissa Jelalian 8 Circadian Misalignment and Sleep Disruption in Shift Work: Implications for Fatigue and Risk of Weight Gain and Obesity - Rachel R. Markwald and Kenneth P. Wright 9 Sleep Apnea and Obesity - Vidya Krishnan and Sanjay R. Patel 10 The Connection Between Sleep Loss and Obesity - Eve van Cauter 11 Sleep Disturbances: Impact on Risk and Severity of Diabetes - Kelly Holes-Lewis 12 Insufficient Sleep and Cardiovascular disease - Susan Redline 13 Clinical Guidelines for the Evaluation of Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea - Lawrence J. Epstein 14 Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity - Dhiraj Kabra, Uma Kabra, Mathias Tschop, and Susanna Hofmann 15 Bariatric Surgery for Treatment of Obesity - Mark J. Perna, Rana C. Pullattrana, and Thomas Karl Byrne
Folk Beliefs and Superstitions

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on folk beliefs and superstitions related to insects. An integral part of any society's cultural heritage is the collection of stories and traditions passed from generation to generation through the ages. Folklore serves to define a people's identity by mirroring its beliefs, concerns, and fantasies. The passing on of traditional tales thus creates a lasting, tangible bond between the living and their ancestors and provides meaning to a people's existence in the present. Insects that are most commonly featured in human folklore are those that most closely associate with humans or impact human affairs. Insects such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, and bees are some of the most common subjects in stories and superstitions in which an insect's presence or activity is related to significant events in people's lives. Because humans have practiced honey hunting and beekeeping for thousands of years, it is not surprising that there is much folklore surrounding these activities. The discovery and collection of honey is the reason for merriment and joy in many hunters–gatherer societies and much significance is attributed to the presence of bees and their role as makers of honey.
Determination of a Distributed Inhomogeneity in a Two-Layered Waveguide from Scattered Sound

This paper considers the determination of a distributed inhomogeneity in a two-layered waveguide from scattered sound. Assuming that we know the acoustic properties of the waveguide, we determine the unknown inhomogeneity by sending in incident waves from point sourses in given locations, and detecting the total waves along a line. In this paper we consider the case that wavenumber k is small. In this case we obtain the representation, uniqueness, and existence of the direct scattering problem, and the uniqueness of inverse scattering problem. Numerical examples are also presented.
How well do whole exome sequencing results correlate with medical findings? A study of 89 Mayo Clinic Biobank samples

Whole exome sequencing (WES) is increasingly being used for diagnosis without adequate information on predictive characteristics of reportable variants typically found on any given individual and correlation with clinical phenotype. In this study, we performed WES on 89 deceased individuals (mean age at death 74 years, range 28-93) from the Mayo Clinic Biobank. Significant clinical diagnoses were abstracted from electronic medical record via chart review. Variants [Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) and insertion/deletion] were filtered based on quality (accuracy >99%, read-depth >20, alternate-allele read-depth >5, minor-allele-frequency 0.19). Evaluating genotype-phenotype correlations across the exome, 202(3%) of 7046 filtered variants had some evidence for phenotypic correlation in medical records, while 3710(53%) variants had no phenotypic correlation. The phenotype associated with the remaining 44% could not be assessed from a typical medical record review. These data highlight significant continued challenges in the ability to extract medically meaningful predictive results from WES.
Hecke algebras and cohomotopical Mackey functors

In this paper, we define the concept of the cohomotopical Mackey functor, which is more general than the usual cohomological Mackey functor, and show that Hecke algebra techniques are applicable to cohomotopical Mackey functors. Our theory is valid for any (possibly infinite) discrete group. Some applications to topology are also given.
Critical Literacy: Bringing Theory to Praxis

This article takes an activist approach to the discussion of critical literacy in theory and in praxis. Critical literacy has long been considered a powerful schema for critical pedagogical pursuits both inside and outside of schools. First, I address the need to negotiate the language around literacy for activist educational pursuits. I then move to define critical literacy, tracing the history of the topic through its theoretical and practical morphology. Finally, I address contemporary examples of critical literacy research, highlighting the limitations of school-based approaches and proffering actionable elements of critical literacy praxis beyond the boundaries of formal educational contexts. In the end, I recommend conceiving of critical literacy as a learning theory to be applied to the study of youth social and political activist organizing outside of schools.
Low prostate specific antigen levels and normal digital rectal examination--a report on a follow up cohort in general practice.

Most men requesting early detection tests for prostate cancer have low levels of PSA and normal DRE. For men 65 years of age or older with low PSA levels, these levels are likely to persist. (non-author abstract)
VIP21/caveolin, glycosphingolipid clusters and the sorting of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in epithelial cells

We studied the role of the association between glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and glycosphingolipid (GSL) clusters in apical targeting using gD1-DAF, a GPI-anchored protein that is differentially sorted by three epithelial cell lines. Differently from MDCK cells, where both gD1-DAF and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) are sorted to the apical membrane, in MDCK Concanavalin A-resistant cells (MDCK-ConAr) gD1-DAF was mis-sorted to both surfaces, but GlcCer was still targeted to the apical surface. In both MDCK and MDCK-ConAr cells, gD1-DAF became associated with TX-100-insoluble GSL clusters during transport to the cell surface. In dramatic contrast with MDCK cells, the Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cell line targeted both gD1-DAF and GlcCer basolaterally. The targeting differences for GSLs in FRT and MDCK cells cannot be accounted for by a differential ability to form clusters because, in spite of major differences in the GSL composition, both cell lines assembled GSLs into TX-100-insoluble complexes with identical isopycnic densities. Surprisingly, in FRT cells, gD1-DAF did not form clusters with GSLs and, therefore, remained completely soluble. This clustering defect in FRT cells correlated with the lack of expression of VIP21/caveolin, a protein localized to both the plasma membrane caveolae and the trans Golgi network. This suggests that VIP21/caveolin may have an important role in recruiting GPI-anchored proteins into GSL complexes necessary for their apical sorting. However, since MDCK-ConAr cells expressed caveolin and clustered GPI-anchored proteins normally, yet mis-sorted them, our results also indicate that clustering and caveolin are not sufficient for apical targeting, and that additional factors are required for the accurate apical sorting of GPI-anchored proteins.