cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What is an Empiricist? Wesley Clair Mitchell in Broader Perspective

The historian of economics encounters special difficulties in dealing with a heterodox economist. When one considers someone who is orthodox, basic notions can be taken for granted, and this enables the historian to zero in on meaningful issues without first having to provide an extensive introduction dealing with fundamental notions which have to be understood if the significance of what is being said is to be grasped. On the other hand, if one omits this step when dealing with the heterodox the analysis is not likely to be very meaningful. This special difficulty is much compounded where the heterodoxy is methodological, as it is with Wesley Clair Mitchell. What Mitchell tried to do was to reconstruct economics, to convince economists to adopt a different approach to the very way they conduct their inquiries. John Stuart Mill had laid down the law that extensive observation of specific experience was of no help in the attempt to derive economic theory, and mainstream economists generally went along with him on this. Mitchell disagreed and attempted to show that by building on different foundations a more “scientific” and useful economics could be derived. The interesting question for the historian of economics is: What can we learn from Mitchell's experience? It is here that we run into the problem that I noted at the outset.
The Evolution of Distributed Diagnosis: Teleradiology As a Case Study

As the limits of the healthcare enterprise expand so is the need to provide diagnoses across boundaries and disciplines. The definition of the healthcare enterprise has grown in such a way to encompass the diagnoses of images within individual hospital department to the sharing of images across the globe. From a single hospital the healthcare enterprise expands to a multi-center environment eventually creating the concept of the virtual healthcare enterprise where regardless of geographical boundaries and local site technical characteristics, sharing of patient information is possible. Based on a National Library of Medicine effort, this paper uses teleradiology as a case study to explore the concept of the expanding healthcare enterprise and identifies the technical issues associated with image sharing especially as they relate to middleware considerations including access control in a federated environment with grid computing as an enabling architecture
Clinician responses to sexual abuse allegations.

We conducted a survey using an experimental design to identify how and to what extent specific personal and case factors affect clinicians' judgments about sexual abuse allegations. We drew a stratified random sample of 1,635 United States clinicians from national directories of clinical social work, pediatrics, psychiatry and psychology. Six hundred and fifty-six completed questionnaires were obtained, yielding a 42% response rate. We asked each subject to read and rate, on a 6 point scale, 16 vignettes alleging sexual abuse. The scale ranged from 1 (very confident it did not occur), to 6 (very confident it did occur). On average, respondents were "slightly confident sexual abuse had occurred" (M = 4.03; SD = 0.6). This finding was significantly different from a mean of 3.50, which is the expected null result. Seven case factors affected credibility ratings at the .01 level; perpetrators' race (Caucasians viewed as perpetrators more than minorities); perpetrators' relationship to victim (family members more often seen as perpetrators); victims' race (minorities more credible as victims); victims' affect (those showing negative affect more believable); age (younger victims more often seen as victimized); behavioral changes in the victim; and perpetrator's history of substance abuse. Six clinician factors were significant at the .05 level: age (younger clinicians were more credulous), gender (females more credulous), discipline (clinical social workers more credulous), theoretical orientation (family systems oriented more credulous) and personal history of sexual or physical abuse (abuse history more credulous). Language: en
Relationships among sociodemographic markers, behavioral risk, and sexually transmitted infections in U. S. female Marine Corps recruits.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sociodemographic factors and constructs derived from the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills (IMB) model on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and a composite STI risk score in female Marine Corps recruits. Methods: Data were collected in 1999 to 2000 through self-administered questionnaires and laboratory-confirmed tests of STIs. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with sexual risk and STIs. Results: Recruits with the highest STI risk scores were younger, single, had high STI knowledge, less positive condom attitudes, perceptions of higher STI risk, perceived that sex is more likely and enjoyable under the influence of alcohol, and were heavy alcohol and drug users before recruit training entry. Recruits diagnosed with STIs had higher STI risk scores, had last sexual partners who were non-Caucasian, and resided in rural locations before recruit training entry. Conclusions: A signific...
A Method for Determination of Magnesium in Serum and Urine

A method is described for a determination of magnesium in serum and urine. This method is based on the formation of a red color produced by a thiazole yellow-Mg(OH)2 complex in alkaline solution.
The big data of violent events: algorithms for association analysis using spatio-temporal storytelling

This paper proposes three methods of association analysis that address two challenges of Big Data: capturing relatedness among real-world events in high data volumes, and modeling similar events that are described disparately under high data variability. The proposed methods take as input a set of geotemporally-encoded text streams about violent events called "storylines". These storylines are associated for two purposes: to investigate if an event could occur again, and to measure influence, i.e., how one event could help explain the occurrence of another. The first proposed method, Distance-based Bayesian Inference, uses spatial distance to relate similar events that are described differently, addressing the challenge of high variability. The second and third methods, Spatial Association Index and Spatio-logical Inference, measure the influence of storylines in different locations, dealing with the high-volume challenge. Extensive experiments on social unrest in Mexico and wars in the Middle East showed that these methods can achieve precision and recall as high as 80 % in retrieval tasks that use both keywords and geospatial information as search criteria. In addition, the experiments demonstrated high effectiveness in uncovering real-world storylines for exploratory analysis.
Oncolytic Effect of Egypt Virus on a Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Grown in X-Irradiated Rats∗†:

Summary1. Egypt 101 virus was found to possess oncolytic activity against a human epidermoid carcinoma grown either in xirradiated rats or in tissue culture. 2. It is suggested that this rat-tissue culture method of testing the oncolytic activity of a virus for any particular tumor may be employed in estimating the possible value of virus therapy for each individual patient.
Reply to dickemann : The ethology of variant sexology.

This paper is a response to Dickemann’s review ofPedophilia: Biosocial Dimensions. Her main criticism of the book is its inappropriate application of ethology to human sexology and its natural variations. She proposes instead the superiority of the “social constructionist” perspective. The “Phylogenetic Fallacy” of which her review speaks results from her erroneously having attributed ethological arguments about the phylogeny of coordinated motor patterns and sensory releasing stimuli to higher levels of behavioral-ecological strategies to which such arguments were never applied. Because no convincingly adaptive function of human pedophilia could be found at this higher level, as a working hypothesis, variant erotic age and gender orientations were both tentatively conceptualized as by-products of Darwinian natural selection for heterosexual “adultophilia.” The social and political implications of this perspective, when compared to social constructionism, are discussed.
Multivariate models from RNA-Seq SNVs yield candidate molecular targets for biomarker discovery: SNV-DA

It has recently been shown that significant and accurate single nucleotide variants (SNVs) can be reliably called from RNA-Seq data. These may provide another source of features for multivariate predictive modeling of disease phenotype for the prioritization of candidate biomarkers. The continuous nature of SNV allele fraction features allows the concurrent investigation of several genomic phenomena, including allele specific expression, clonal expansion and/or deletion, and copy number variation. The proposed software pipeline and package, SNV Discriminant Analysis (SNV-DA), was applied on two RNA-Seq datasets with varying sample sizes sequenced at different depths: a dataset containing primary tumors from twenty patients with different disease outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma and a larger dataset of primary tumors representing two major breast cancer subtypes, estrogen receptor positive and triple negative. Predictive models were generated using the machine learning algorithm, sparse projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. Training sets composed of RNA-Seq SNV features limited to genomic regions of origin (e.g. exonic or intronic) and/or RNA-editing sites were shown to produce models with accurate predictive performances, were discriminant towards true label groupings, and were able to produce SNV rankings significantly different from than univariate tests. Furthermore, the utility of the proposed methodology is supported by its comparable performance to traditional models as well as the enrichment of selected SNVs located in genes previously associated with cancer and genes showing allele-specific expression. As proof of concept, we highlight the discovery of a previously unannotated intergenic locus that is associated with epigenetic regulatory marks in cancer and whose significant allele-specific expression is correlated with ER+ status; hereafter named ER+ associated hotspot (ERPAHS). The use of models from RNA-Seq SNVs to identify and prioritize candidate molecular targets for biomarker discovery is supported by the ability of the proposed method to produce significantly accurate predictive models that are discriminant towards true label groupings. Importantly, the proposed methodology allows investigation of mutations outside of exonic regions and identification of interesting expressed loci not included in traditional gene annotations. An implementation of the proposed methodology is provided that allows the user to specify SNV filtering criteria and cross-validation design during model creation and evaluation.
Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Block: Reevaluation of the "Stoplight" Sign and Clinical Implications.

Background and Objectives The “stoplight” sign is a frequently described image during ultrasound-guided interscalene block, referring to 3 hypoechoic structures found between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. This study was designed to establish the ultrasound-anatomy correlation of this sign and to find any other anatomical features within the roots that could help with the interpretation of the ultrasound images obtained at the interscalene level. Methods We performed 20 dissections of the brachial plexus in 10 embalmed human cadavers and systematically analyzed and measured the roots of C5 to C7 and then correlated these findings with ultrasonographic images on file. Results We found that the C5 root is significantly smaller than either C6 or C7 (P Conclusions Our results provide the anatomic basis to define the stoplight sign as one made of, from cephalad to caudal, the root of C5, the upper fascicle(s) of C6, and the lower fascicle(s) of C6 without contribution from C7. The important clinical implication is that an injection attempted between what is commonly perceived as the gap between C6 and C7 would indeed be an intraneural injection at C6, which could potentially spread toward the neuraxial space.
Sex differences in mortality following isolated traumatic brain injury among older adults.

BACKGROUND: Older adults have the highest rates of hospitalization and mortality from traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet outcomes in this population are not well studied. In particular, contradictory reports on the protective effect of female sex on mortality following TBI may have been related to age differences in TBI and other injury severity and mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine if there are sex differences in mortality following isolated TBI among older adults and compare to findings using all TBI. A secondary objective was to characterize TBI severity and mechanism by sex in this population. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted among adults aged 65 and older treated for TBI at a single large level I trauma center 1996-2012 (n=4,854). Individuals treated for TBI were identified using International Classification of Disease (ICD-9-CM) codes. Isolated TBI was defined as an Abbreviated Injury Scale score = 0 for other body regions. Our primary outcome was mortality at discharge. RESULTS: Among those with isolated TBI (n=1,320), women (45% of sample) were older (78.9 (standard deviation 7.7) years) than men (76.8 (7.5) years)(pCONCLUSIONS: We found no sex differences in mortality following isolated TBI among older adults, in contrast with other studies and our own analyses using all TBI cases. Researchers should consider isolated TBI in outcome studies to prevent residual confounding by severity of other injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiologic study, level III. Language: en
A plasmonic dipole optical antenna coupled quantum dot infrared photodetector

In this paper, we report a full-wavelength plasmonic dipole optical antenna coupled quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP). The plasmonic dipole optical antenna can effectively modify the EM wave distribution and convert free-space propagation infrared light to localized surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) within the nanometer (nm) gap region of the full-wavelength dipole antenna. The plasmonic dipole optical antenna coupled QDIP shows incident-angle-dependent photocurrent enhancement. The angular dependence follows the far-field pattern of a full-wavelength dipole antenna. The directivity of the plasmonic dipole optical antenna is measured to be 1.8 dB, which agrees well with the antenna simulation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the antenna far-field and directivity measurement. The agreement of the detection pattern and the directivity with antenna theory confirms functions of an optical antenna are similar to that of a RF antenna.
Das Programmsystem Iden

IDEN (Integriertes Datenanalyse-Programmsystem fur Empirische Sozialforschung und Numerische Taxonomie) ist ein Programmsystem zur Analyse quantitativer und vor allem qualitativer Daten. Es realisiert alle wichigen Verfahren der Numerischen Taxonomie wie Klassifikation, Reprasentation und Identifikation. Neben den eingebauten Schnittstellen zu den Programmsystemen SPSS, MDS(X) und CLUSTAN sind eine Reihe weiterer Programme eingebunden. Kernstuck des Programmsystems ist eine Prozedur, die zu den unterschiedlichsten Merkmalsstrukturen die merkmalsweisen Distanzmatrizen erstellt. Diese merkmalsweisen Distanzmatrizen sind Voraussetzung zur Realisierung der meisten in dem Programmsystem implementierten Verfahren. Ein hoher Grad an Benutzerfreundlichkeit wird dadurch erreicht, das eine SPSS-ahnliche Steuersprache verwendet wird und alle Programme durch sinnvolle Voreinstellungen der einzelnen Parameter auch fur verfahrensungeubte Anwender leicht durchfuhrbar sind. Solchen verfahrensungeubten Benutzern bietet IDEN daruberhinaus die Moglichkeit, sich kurze Verfahrensbeschreibungen der verwendeten Programme (incl. Literaturhinweisen) ausgeben zu lassen.
Implications of Nondiscretionary Accruals for Earnings Management and Market-Based Research

This paper evaluates the implications of nondiscretionary accruals for earnings management and market-based accounting research. We develop a simple model in which earnings management is absent and nondiscretionary accruals perform their intended function of insulating earnings from non-cash working capital shocks. Our analysis indicates that existing techniques for measuring earnings management are likely to misclassify some nondiscretionary accruals as discretionary accruals. Further, we show that certain 'significant' results in existing earnings management research are consistent with the misclassification of nondiscretionary accruals. Finally, we provide a framework for understanding the pricing of cash flow and nondiscretionary accrual components of earnings.
Rules of Thumb for Intercreditor Agreements

Intercreditor agreements frequently restrict the extent to which subordinated creditors can participate in the bankruptcy process by, for example, contesting liens of senior lenders, objecting to a cash collateral motion, or even exercising the right to vote on a plan of reorganization. Because intercreditor agreements can reorder the bargaining environment in bankruptcy, some judges have been unsure about their enforceability. Other judges have not hesitated to enforce the agreements, at least when they do not restrict the voting rights of subordinated creditors. This essay argues that intercreditor agreements are controversial because they pose a trade-off: they reduce bargaining costs (by limiting the participatory rights of subordinated creditors), but can give senior lenders outsized influence over the bankruptcy process, to the detriment of investors who were not party to the intercreditor agreement. The essay proposes several rules of thumb that might help judges navigate this trade-off.
Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA)

Sex offender laws gained recognition in the United States with the creation of the 1994 Jacob Wetterling Act. The act called for each state to create a registry of convicted sex offenders. This act was later amended under Megan’s Law to include community notification of sex offenders that move into a neighborhood. In 2006, this was replaced by the Adam Walsh Act. Title I of the Adam Walsh Act, also known as the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act, created a tier system for all 50 states in an effort to standardize the registration and notification requirements among the states. A number of years later, sex offender laws spread to the United Kingdom with the implementation of Sarah’s Law. To further efforts in the global fight against sexual violence, the US most recently established what is being called an International Megan’s Law. Several studies have shown that registration and notification laws are ineffective in reducing rates of recidivism among sex offenders. Instead, it is purported that these laws may actually result in released offenders returning to crime due to the numerous obstacles they face as they try to reintegrate into society.
Compensating Hypothesis by Negative Data

The properties of training data set such as size, distribution and number of attributes significantly contribute to the generalization error of a learning machine. A data set not well-distributed is prone to lead to a model with partial overfitting. The approach proposed in this paper for the binary classification enhances the useful data information by mining negative data based on the understanding of Chinese traditional Yin-Yang theory
Objective and subjective scar aesthetics with topical Manuka honey post-thyroidectomy: A randomized control study.

Abstract Objective Leptospermum Honey (Manuka honey) has proven to be effective in improving acute and chronic wound healing presumably due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim is to determine if Manuka honey decreases scar formation and results in a cosmetically appealing scar. Methods A prospective single-blinded randomized control trial was performed. All patients received an 8 cm incision. Patients randomized to honey treatment were instructed to apply Manuka honey paste topically to the incision site once per day post surgery for 4 weeks. The patients' scar was then analyzed objectively by a blinded observer and subjectively at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcome measure used was the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Results A total of 21 patients completed the entire scar analysis (honey treatment = 9, standard treatment = 12). There was no statistically significant difference between patient scar assessment scale and observer scar assessment scale at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion Despite Leptospermum Honey's reported anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, this study did not show a difference in scar appearance when applied.
Differential Transactivation Activities of Sumoylated CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein alpha (C/EBPα) p42 Versus p30 May Contribute in Part, to Aberrant C/EBPα Activity in Acute Leukemias.

Abstract CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is the founding member of a family of basic region/leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors and has been shown to be a master regulator of granulopoiesis It is expressed at high levels throughout myeloid differentiation and has been shown to bind to the promoters of multiple myeloid- specific genes at different stages of myeloid maturation. Profound hematopoietic abnormalities have been reported for mice nullizygous for C/EBPα, including a selective early block in the differentiation of granulocytes. Recently mutations in C/EBPα have been demonstrated in a subset of patients with AML presenting normal karyotypes. These mutations can result in the expression of a 30kD dominant negative C/EBPα isoform which contributes to loss of C/EBPα function. Since the molecular basis for this observation remains unknown, a complete understanding of the regulation of this key transcription factor during myelopoiesis is critical. C/EBPα was recently shown to be post-translationally modified by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) at a lysine residue (K159) which lies within a region of the C/EBPα protein that can negatively affect transcriptional activity. Sumoylation at K159 in the C/EBPα protein is thought to prevent association of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex with C/EBPα, thereby hampering transactivation. In order to demonstrate the role of sumoylation in mediating C/EBPα activity, we examined the effect of both the full length (p42) and the dominant negative (p30) isoforms of the C/EBPα protein on myeloid gene expression. We demonstrate that the levels of sumoylated p42C/EBPα decrease upon normal neutrophil maturation, and that transactivation of the myeloid-specific lactoferrin promoter reporter is significantly enhanced by a p42 sumoylation mutant of C/EBPα (K159A). Additionally, in oligonucleotide pull down assays, we show that sumoylated p42C/EBPα binds to the C/EBP site in the LF promoter in immature myeloid cells while loss of sumoylation correlates with loss of p42C/EBPα binding and LF expression in more mature cells. Based on these observations we conclude that sumoylated p42C/EBPα is associated with the negative regulation of LF in early myeloid cells. We show in addition, that p30 C/EBPα can also be sumoylated. In transactivation assays, however, sumoylated p42C/EBPα suppresses LF promoter activity more efficiently than p30C/EBPα in 293 cells. We are now in the process of confirming this finding in leukemic cell lines. This observation leads us to hypothesize that the differential transactivation potential of sumoylated p30 versus the p42 C/EBPα proteins may contribute, in part, to the aberrant activity of C/EBPα in acute leukemias.
Remanufacturing of Automotive Parts in Japanese Market

Abstract It may sound that remanufacturing is a new category of industries in Japan but actually it has a long history already. We would like to start with a brief overview of remanufacturing industry and move to some of key topics about remanufacturing. Remanufacturing might sound good for the environment but in order to operate it as business it is not so simple to promote remanufacturing products in the business market. We would like to mention what we have done and issues to overcome.
Pancreatic HIF2α Stabilization Leads to Chronic Pancreatitis and Predisposes to Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm.

Background & Aims Tissue hypoxia controls cell differentiation in the embryonic pancreas, and promotes tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. The cellular response to hypoxia is controlled by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins, including HIF2α. Previous studies of HIF action in the pancreas have relied on loss-of-function mouse models, and the effects of HIF2α expression in the pancreas have remained undefined. Methods We developed several transgenic mouse models based on the expression of an oxygen-stable form of HIF2α, or indirect stabilization of HIF proteins though deletion of von Hippel-Lindau, thus preventing HIF degradation. Furthermore, we crossed both sets of animals into mice expressing oncogenic Kras G12D in the pancreas. Results We show that HIF2α is not expressed in the normal human pancreas, however, it is up-regulated in human chronic pancreatitis. Deletion of von Hippel-Lindau or stabilization of HIF2α in mouse pancreata led to the development of chronic pancreatitis. Importantly, pancreatic HIF1α stabilization did not disrupt the pancreatic parenchyma, indicating that the chronic pancreatitis phenotype is specific to HIF2α. In the presence of oncogenic Kras, HIF2α stabilization drove the formation of cysts resembling mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) in humans. Mechanistically, we show that the pancreatitis phenotype is linked to expression of multiple inflammatory cytokines and activation of the unfolded protein response. Conversely, MCN formation is linked to activation of Wnt signaling, a feature of human MCN. Conclusions We show that pancreatic HIF2α stabilization disrupts pancreatic homeostasis, leading to chronic pancreatitis, and, in the context of oncogenic Kras, MCN formation. These findings provide new mouse models of both chronic pancreatitis and MCN, as well as illustrate the importance of hypoxia signaling in the pancreas.
An Evidence-based Perspective of Scutellaria Barbata (Skullcap) for Cancer Patients

Scutellaria barbata (skullcap) has been used in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine for treating various inflammation illnesses and cancers. In vitro studies have demonstrated the anti-mutagenesis (chemo-preventive) effect of skullcap via modulating the metabolism of mutagenic compounds such as aflatoxin B1 and benzo[a]pyrene to reduce their DNA binding efficiency. In vitro and in vivo studies using flavonoid compound of skullcap in both human and animal models have shown promising anticancer effects. The aqueous extract of skullcap has shown to have the most effective anticancer chemical constituents. In vitro studies indicated that skullcap might be effective against all three stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, and progression). It has also been found to exert anticancer mechanisms such as anti-inflammation, anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis against numerous cancer cell lines including digestive (liver and colorectal), respiratory (lung and nasopharyngeal), and lymphatic (leukemia) systems, and induction of sex hormone-specific glycolytic necrosis, especially those of the reproductive system (breast, uterine, and prostate) while inactive on normal human mammary epithelial cells. In vivo murine model showed aqueous extract of skullcap may enhance macrophage cell line activity leading to inhibition of tumor growth. It has also been shown to inhibit aberrant crypt formation in colon, delay prostate cancer development and progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice, and reduced solid ascites tumor proliferation in the breast of mice. Aqueous extracts of skullcap have been found to have a favorable toxicity profile when used as an oral feeding in Phase 1 and 1B clinical studies in metastatic breast cancer patients. Based on the studies reported on skullcap, the best prospective therapeutic application of skullcap would be in breast, prostate, liver, colorectal, uterine, and lung cancer patients.
Data reduction for continuum of care: an exploratory study using the predicate-argument structure to pre-process radiology sentences for measurement of semantic similarity

In the clinical setting, continuum of care depends on integrated information services to assure a smooth progression for patient centered care, and these integrated information services must understand past events and personal circumstances to make care relevant. Clinicians face a problem that the amount of information produced in disparate electronic clinical notes is increasing to levels incapable of being processed by humans. Clinicians need a function in information services that can reduce the free text data to a message useful at time of care. Information extraction (IE) is a sub-field of natural language processing with the goal of data reduction of unstructured free text. Pertinent to IE is an annotated corpus that frames how IE methods should create a logical expression necessary for processing meaning of text. This study explores and reports on the requirements to using the predicate-argument statement (PAS) as the framework. A convenient sample from a prior study with ten synsets of 100 unique sentences from radiology reports deemed by domain experts to mean the same thing will be the text from which PAS structures are formed. Through content analysis of pattern recognition, findings show PAS is a feasible framework to structure sentences for semantic similarity measurement.
Effect of liver failure on the response of ventilation and cerebral circulation to carbon dioxide in man and in the goat

1. The acid-base state of arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and the ventilatory response to CO2, were measured in twelve patients with liver disease. The CO2 response was also measured in eight goats before and after the experimental production of liver failure. Arterial PCO2 and pH, cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen were also measured in four of the goats while they breathed air and various CO2-enriched gas mixtures. 2. Liver failure was accompanied by a respiratory alkalosis in both the patients and in the goats. Decreased PCO2 and increased pH occurred in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the arterial blood of the patients. 3. The slope of the ventilatory response to CO2 was reduced when liver failure was severe, in patients and goats alike. In addition there was a reduction in the extrapolated PCO2 at zero ventilation, even when liver failure was mild. 4. Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate were consistently reduced in the goats during liver failure. There was also less cerebral vasodilatation and a greater reduction in cerebral metabolism during experimental hypercapnia when these animals were in liver failure. 5. The decreases in the ventilatory and cerebral circulatory responsiveness to CO2 indicate that the brain is less well defended against hypercapnia in liver failure, and these changes are especially unfavourable as cerebral function deteriorates when the PCO2 is increased.
63 Late-Breaking: Fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silage from Enogen® Feed Corn,

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate Enogen Feed Corn (EFC; Syngenta Seeds, LLC) as silage. Experiment 1 was a 2 x 5 factorial in which whole plant EFC or a common forage hybrid (CON) were sealed in plastic barrels (45 kg; 4 replicates) and ensiled for 30, 60, 90, 120, or 240 d. Fresh and ensiled forages were characterized with respect to DM, pH, soluble carbohydrates, and NDF, and concentrations of alcohols, lactate, and VFAs were measured in exudate pressed from forages. Silages were placed loosely into insulated containers, exposed to ambient air, and internal temperatures were recorded for 14 d to assess aerobic stability. EFC produced greater concentrations of acetate than CON (144 vs. 128 mM, P increased to 2⁰C above ambient more quickly than EFC (P freshly chopped forages were sealed in vacuum bags (4 replicates) and ensiled for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10, 12, 15, 18, 24, or 30 d. After ensiling, bags were opened, pH measured, and liquid extract characterized as in Exp 1. Lactate increased and pH decreased at a faster rate for EFC compared to CON. Silage produced from EFC ensiled more quickly and had improved aerobic stability compared to CON. Open in a separate window
79. RESIDENT AUTONOMY: ARE ATTENDINGS AROUND TOO MUCH?

Background According to guidelines from the ACGME, residents must demonstrate progressive autonomy over the course of training that affords them the ability to act in a supervisory role under faculty guidance in preparation for independent practice. As adult learning theory supports, autonomy within a supportive climate can have a significant impact in motivating learners to expand their knowledge base and practice methods. We created a needs assessment survey to help obtain information regarding the current opinions surrounding autonomy within our own residency program. Objective We sought to determine residents’ perception of autonomy during their pediatric residency training with a secondary objective of preliminary assessment for an attending-less rounding experience to address autonomy and supervisory elements within the residency curriculum. Methods In 2018, graduating PGY3 Pediatric residents and PGY4 combined Internal Medicine/Pediatric residents were electronically sent an anonymous novel survey. The questions focused on overall level of supervision as well as how valuable they would find rounding without an attending in terms of building their own autonomy. Numerical responses were collected for statistical interpretation. Results We obtained surveys from 33/36 graduating residents within their final month of residency training. Respondents reported a mean value of 72/100 (Scale: 0/100 = significantly unsupervised, 50/100 adequately supervised, 100/100 significantly over-supervised) when asked about their level of supervision on pediatric services. This cohort also reported a mean value of 82.42/100 and 83.27/100 when asked how valuable and how enjoyable, respectively, attending-less rounding on our Hospitalist service would be for resident autonomy. Conclusions Clinical settings within pediatric residency training programs can find it hard to balance autonomy given the extrinsic forces that are present. However, our residents demonstrate a perception of being over-supervised and support creating space for greater decision-making responsibilities and increased autonomy through revised inpatient service structure.
Case 2: Agitation and Abnormal Movements in a 14-year-old Boy

1. Chetna K. Pande, MD, MPH* 2. Amanda O’Halloran, MD* 3. Rosalyn W. Stewart, MD, MS, MBA* 4. Angela Nguyen, MD* 5. Therese Canares, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD A 14-year-old boy with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, autism spectrum disorder, and astrocytoma (status-post resection in infancy, no residual deficits) presents to the emergency department (ED) with 2 days of abnormal movements: facial twitching, jaw stiffness, and torticollis, progressing to whole-body tremors, agitation, diaphoresis, and altered mental status. Medications include fluoxetine 60 mg daily and lisdexamfetamine 60 mg daily, started 1 year ago. He recently gained independence with taking medications but took no medications in the past week. Two days ago his mother discovered his noncompliance and restarted his medications at the prescribed doses. Since symptom onset, he was seen in community EDs twice, received diphenhydramine for dystonia and lorazepam for agitation, and was discharged. Vital signs are temperature, 98.8°F (37.1°C); blood pressure, 121 to 149/64 to 76 mm Hg; heart rate, 70 to 90 beats/min, with episodes of 170 beats/min when tremulous; respirations, 18 to 24 breaths/min; and oxygen saturation, 97% to 99% on room air. He is diaphoretic and agitated; his eyes are closed, but he opens them on command. He responds to questions verbally and follows commands. He has rotary and horizontal nystagmus, …
Linguistic diversity and student voice: the case of Spanish as a heritage language

ABSTRACTThis article examines the issue of teaching Spanish as a heritage language (SHL) focusing primarily on the issues of linguistic diversity and the socio-affective issues related to heritage ...
The renaissance of the tumor infiltrating B lymphocytes. The proof of principle: Novel ganglioside antigen recognizing capacity of B cells in breast carcinomas

5128 Despite the great efforts and achievements in cancer diagnostics and therapy, the main problems are not solved. To obtain tumorspecific antibodies is one of the basic questions. Our hypothesis was, that the tumor tissue itself is a potential source for building tumorspecific antibody fragments by the advantages of antibody engineering. As an experimental system we used human medullary breast carcinoma, where the heavy B lymphocytic infiltration paralleled to a better prognosis. Furtherly other types of breast carcinomas were tested for tumor binder immunoglobulins from the B cells accumulated in the tumor tissue. Detailed immunoglobulin repertore DNA sequence analysis was performed on the rearranged variable region VH-JH, Vκ-Jκ and Vλ-Jλ genes, amplified by RT-PCR of the infiltrating B cells. Combinatorial single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment mini-libraries were constructed out of randomly selected VH and Vκ aswell as VH and Vλ clones and tested for binding activity by phage display. Our data analysis revealed among the overrrepresented clusters ganglioside D3 (GD3) binder VH-JH and ganglioside M3 (GM3) Vκ-Jκ region sequences. We selected ScFvK clones that bind ganglioside GD3 on invasive breast carcinoma and medullary breast carcinoma out of the mini-library. Tumor specific binding was tested against membrane fractions of breast tumor cells (TU1, TU2) and other cell lines (MDA-MB 231, SKBR-3, MCF-7, SK-Mel-28, PANC-1, LS174T, COS) in ELISA and immunofluorescence by FACS analysis and confocal laser microscopy. Thin layer chromatography and dot blot experiments with purified gangliosides and different cell membrane fractions served to characterize further the target ganglioside antigen. Tumor infiltrating B cells of other solid tumor tissue origin (neuroblastoma) were tested for ganglioside GD2 binder antibodies. We conlude, that our results serve as ,,proof of principle“ concerning B cells’ capacity to reveal key cancer related antigens, such as gangliosides. Analysis of tumor associated gangliosides may aid the characterization of tumor cells and their degree of malignant transformation. The GD3 / GD2 specific antibodies influence tumor cell progression and are candidates for new tumor diagnostic and therapeutic immunoconjugates. Acknowledgement: Supported by NATO CLG 978639, OTKA T030380 and Rajko Medenica Research Foundation
Creating Custom Half-Scale Dress Forms from 3D Body Scans

In this workshop, participants learned to create a custom half-scale dress forms from 3D body scans. This hands-on workshop covered the entire process of developing a custom half-scale foam dress form, starting with capturing 3D data with a Structure Sensor to assembling the final dress form from foam slices. In the first half of the workshop, Dr. Kristen Morris demonstrated how to digitally process and develop files for the dress form using Fusion 360. The presenters also showed how to slice the 3D model to extract a plan for cutting materials used in the dress forms. The second half of the workshop was spent assembling a prepared foam half-scale dress form (size 8). The presenters also demonstrated how they use the half-scale forms in their design process. Upon completion of the workshop, participants experienced the entire custom half-scale dress form creation process and left with a step-by-step process guide, and a half-scale dress form for continued use.
Scientists on the Hill

Congressional science fellows have had a warm welcome; now many of them are part of the power structure
Transformative perspectives of tourism: dialogical perceptiveness

This introductory paper offers an overview of transformational paths suggested by the contributors of this issue and the recent work of other scholars. Going forward, by drawing on the essence of e...
Current Therapies for T-cell Lymphomas

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive diseases associated with poor outcome. One of the difficulties in classifying and studying treatment options in clinical trials is the rarity of these subtypes. The International T-cell Lymphoma Project has identified that the outcomes for the majority of the different subtypes of PTCL are poor using conventional lymphoma therapies. Recently, aggressive first-line strategies including consolidation with stem cell transplantation have led to improved survival in selected patients, but the majority of patients either fail to respond to therapy or are not candidates for stem cell transplantation. Novel approaches have included new classes of drug and biological agents, including antifolates, immunoconjugates, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, nucleoside analogs, proteasome inhibitors, and signal transduction inhibitors. Molecular profiling has led to identification of relevant pathways for future novel approaches.
Local gravitational physics of the Hubble expansion

We study physical consequences of the Hubble expansion of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) manifold on measurement of space, time and light propagation in the local inertial frame. We use the results of this study to analyse the Solar System radar ranging and Doppler tracking experiments and time synchronization. FLRW manifold is covered by the coordinates (t, y i ), where t is the cosmic time coinciding with the proper time of the Hubble observers and identified with the barycentric coordinate time (TCB) used in ephemeris astronomy. We introduce the local inertial coordinates x α = (x 0, x i ) in the vicinity of a world line of a Hubble observer with the help of a special conformal transformation that respects the local equivalence between the tangent and FLRW manifold. The local inertial metric is Minkowski flat and is materialized by the congruence of time-like geodesics of static observers being at rest with respect to the local spatial coordinates x i . The static observers are equipped with the ideal clocks measuring their own proper time which is synchronized with the cosmic time t measured by the Hubble observer. We consider the geodesic motion of test particles and notice that the local coordinate time x 0 = x 0(t) taken as a parameter along the world line of the particle, is a function of Hubble’s observer time t. This function changes smoothly from x 0 = t for a particle at rest (observer’s clock), to x 0 = t + (1/2)Ht 2 for photons, where H is the Hubble constant. Thus, the motion of a test particle is non-uniform when its world line is parametrized by the cosmic time t. NASA JPL Orbit Determination Program operates under the assumption that the spacetime is asymptotically flat which presumes that the motion of light (after the Shapiro delay is excluded) is uniform with respect to the time t but it does not comply with the non-uniform motion of light on cosmological manifold. For this reason, the motion of light in the Solar System analysed with the Orbit Determination Program appears as having a systematic blue shift of frequency, of radio waves circulating in the Earth-spacecraft radio link. The magnitude of the anomalous blue shift of frequency is proportional to the Hubble constant H that may open an access to the measurement of this fundamental cosmological parameter in the Solar System radiowave experiments.
Uptake of ionic 55Fe by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro.

Abstract Mouse peritoneal macrophages were maintained in vitro up to 3 days and exposed to radiolabelled 55 Fe in the form of ferrous citrate, ferrous sulfate, and ferric chloride in concentrations of 3–5 γ Fe/ml. The divalent iron compounds were taken up 10–40 times more extensively per weight of iron than the trivalent iron compounds. The net uptake of ferrous citrate was linear during the first day and thereafter increased at a slower rate. Macrophages in culture for 1 week showed one-third the average uptake of freshly cultured cells during comparable periods of exposure to ferrous citrate. The iron taken up was used in the synthesis of mouse ferritin. Uptake of ferrous citrate was influenced by serum concentration in the tissue culture medium, temperature, pinocytosis and phagocytosis of both latex particles and heated rat erythrocytes. Uptake of ferrous citrate was enhanced by exposure to either sodium fluoride (5×10 −3 M), or 2,4-dinitrophenol (1×10 −5 M), but was not affected by cyanide, azide, or cycloheximide. The effect of sodium fluoride was not demonstrated when ferrous sulfate was substituted for ferrous citrate. The results reported here suggest that the ability of macrophages to take up ferrous citrate is good in freshly explanted cultures, is a temperature-dependent process, is suppressed by pinocytosis and phagocytosis, and paradoxically enhanced by certain metabolic inhibitors.
The Cultural Capital of Sound: Québécité 's Acoustic Hybridity

In an increasingly globalized world, marked by mass migration and diasporic displacement, it is becoming difficult to locate cultural community visuospatially. Since the scope of such community always already transgresses territorial borders, culture must, I argue, be decoupled from cartographic impulse. As auditory space, however, takes "[t]he universe [as its] potential map" (McLuhan 68), it seems a more productive means of thinking about cultural collectives. Indeed, cultural identifications and disarticulations might be resonant in music and oral discourse, though no longer coherently locatable in visual space. George Elliott Clarke's jazz opera QuA©bA©citA© foregrounds this sentiment, as its characters negotiate cultural community in sonic space and stage border-crossings acoustically. Further, these cross-cultural auralities are overlaid on a discursive background of QuA©bec nationalism â€“ a dialogue between federal and provincial interlocutors often enacted at the expense of the cultural Other, or 'third man.' In QuA©bA©citA©, however, a different kind of dialogue occurs; Clarke's 'QuA©bA©cois(e) acoustic' exceeds the bilingual and approximates the multicultural.
Emotion and Religious Community in America

Emotion is an important component of religion in America. Different kinds of emotion have emerged in a wide variety of American religious settings. Wonder, hope, fear, hatred, love, anger, and other emotions are performed by Americans, individually and collectively, according to scripts provided by religious traditions. Contact with God or the divine typically is conceptualized as a matter of feeling, and for many Americans, ‘knowing’ comes from feeling. Emotion can revitalize social bonds through religious ritual, including civil religion. Americans have willfully screened from memory instances in which religious hatred and anger have clashed with ideals of freedom and equality. Remembering such instances would position the nation better to interpret global religious conflicts.
Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress

Background The cardioprotective property of the Mediterranean diet has been attributed to its antioxidant capacity, but direct investigation of this mechanism has been limited.