cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Humoral immune responses in Peyronie's disease patients receiving clostridial collagenase therapy.

Abstract Human IgG and IgE antibody responses to clostridial collagenase (Nucleolysin) were monitored in 150 untreated healthy blood donors and 44 patients receiving intrapenile injections of collagenase for treatment of Peyronie’s disease. Pre, 1 and/or 2 month post treatment sera were analyzed in radioimmunoassays for human IgG and IgE antibodies using solid phase purified Cl. histolyticum collagenase to extract antibodies from serum and 125I-Protein A or rabbit anti-human IgE to detect bound IgG and IgE, respectively. IgG and IgE antibody levels > 2.5 Units and 0.2 per cent Bmax, respectively, were considered positive if the binding was >80 per cent inhibitable with soluble collagenase. IgG anti-collagenase was detected in 34 per cent of the 150 healthy controls and 58 per cent (24/41) of untreated Peyronie’s disease patients. Intralesional injection of 3,000 to 12,650 Units of collagenase induced an increase of two- to 10-fold in the IgG levels at one to two months in 88 per cent of patients. Of the 186 individuals tested, only one (0.5 per cent) had detectable collagenase-specific IgE antibody in his serum as defined by positive threshold and antigen inhibition criteria.
Glycans of Antibodies as a Specific Site for Drug Conjugation Using Glycosyltransferases.

The therapeutic cargo molecules conjugated to a specific site on a monoclonal antibody (mAb), called antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), are becoming powerful tools in cancer treatment. Generally, the cargo molecules conjugate at the cysteine or lysine residue of the mAb, which generally results in a highly heterogeneous ADC. Therapeutic cargo molecules need to be conjugated in a site-specific manner to the mAb so that the bioefficacy of these molecules is not compromised. The mAb (IgG1) are N-glycosylated at the conserved residue Asn297, which is present in each heavy chain of the IgG1, near the CH2 domain of the Fc fragment. The mutant or wild-type glycosyltransferases transfer sugars with a chemical handle to the glycan molecule of IgG1, making the site-specific linking of cargo molecules possible via the chemical handle, and thus making the process an invaluable technique for the production of homogeneous ADCs.
Delayed Development of Multiple Pancreaticoduodenal Arcade Pseudoaneurysms after Abdominal Trauma.

This case report demonstrates development and progressive enlargement of multiple pancreaticoduodenal arcade pseudoaneurysms using computed tomography angiographies over a period of 5 weeks after abdominal trauma. The mechanism of pseudoaneurysm formation, as shown by serial imaging, attributed to preexisting celiac axis stenosis by the median arcuate ligament, posttraumatic celiac artery dissection, and secondary occlusion of proper hepatic artery resulting in elevation of pressure and flow in the pancreaticoduodenal arcade and rupture of small arterial branches. Successful pseudoaneurysm occlusion was achieved through arterial embolization.
Proper Use of Feedback Leads to an Optimal Motivational Climate

Feedback given by coaches can have a profound effect on athletes' performance, as well as on their perception of the motivational climate. The Coaching Behaviors Assessment System classifies the feedback that coaches give during practices or games into 12 behavioral categories, which will be described in this article. Real-life scenarios will be used as examples of how different types of feedback could be used with athletes. The type of feedback given can help create two motivational climates: task-involving and ego-involving. An ego-involving motivational climate is created when a coach rewards performance outcomes only, and is associated with athletes feeling more anxious and less related to their peers and their coach. A task-involving motivational climate is created when a coach rewards effort and improvement, and has been shown to lead to team cohesion, increased performance, and autonomy. By addressing the different types of feedback and their effects on the motivational climate, the coach-athlete r...
Gas cooling in hydrodynamic simulations with an exact time integration scheme

We implement and test the exact time integration method proposed by Townsend 2009 for gas cooling in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. The errors using this time integrator for the internal energy are limited by the resolution of the cooling tables and are insensitive to the size of the timestep, improving accuracy relative to explicit or implicit schemes when the cooling time is short. We compare results with different time integrators for gas cooling in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We find that the temperature of the gas in filaments before accreting into dark matter halos to form stars, obtained with the exact cooling integration, lies close to the equilibrium where radiative cooling balances heating from the UV background. For comparison, the gas temperature without the exact integrator shows substantial deviations from the equilibrium relation. Galaxy stellar masses with the exact cooling technique agree reasonably well, but are systematically lower than the results obtained by the other integration schemes, reducing the need for feedback to suppress star formation. Our implementation of the exact cooling technique is provided and can be easily incorporated into any hydrodynamic code.
Valued Outcomes and Resources for a Leader: An Examination of Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory examines the relationship between a leader (manager) and a member (subordinate) in the workplace. A preponderance of research has examined and found support for a positive relationship between LMX and outcomes for members. Benefits of high quality LMX for a leader have been assumed to exist but rarely tested. Research focus on valued outcomes for the leader would help shed light on the leader behaviors and attitudes that shape the formation and maintenance of LMX. This paper presents a social exchange based argument to investigate the benefits and resources available to a leader based on the reciprocal nature of the LMX. Outcomes related to career success for the leader are examined in the context of the LMX. Furthermore, resources of the leader as well as the member are discussed in the broader framework of social relationships in which the leader-member exchange is embedded.
Übersichtsvortrag zum Thema “Computer Techniques” Über die Beiträge 6.1 bis 6.4

Abstract In diesem Ubersichtsvortrag wird uber die Beitrage 6.1 bis 6.4 berichtet. Die erste Arbeit will zeigen, welche Moglichkeiten sich mit dem augenblicklichen Stand der Miniaturisierung beim Aufbau digitaler Rechner bieten. Das nachste Thema befast sich damit, wie durch die Wahl zweckmasiger Regleralgorithmen der Bau digitaler Kleinrechner fur Reglerzwekke mit integrierten Bauelementen ermoglicht wird. Weiter wird untersucht, wie grose Teile einer Maschinenlogik auf einem einzigen Siliziumplattchen aufgebaut werden konnen. Schlieslich wird gefragt, ob die derzeitig ublichen Strukturen von Datenverarbeitungsanlagen nicht durch andere ersetzt werden konnen, welche die Moglichkeiten der Mikrominiaturisierung besser ausschopfen.
Kill the myth of the miracle machine.

Unchallenged assumptions about how science works threaten its support and decrease its ability to contribute to society, says Daniel Sarewitz.
Resilience is decreased in irritable bowel syndrome and associated with symptoms and cortisol response.

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a stress-sensitive disorder associated with early adverse life events (EALs) and a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Resilience is the ability to recover and adapt positively to stress but has not been well studied in IBS. The aims of this study are to compare resilience in IBS and healthy controls (HCs) and to assess its relationships with IBS symptom severity, quality of life (QOL), EALs, and HPA axis response. Methods Two hundred fifty-six subjects (154 IBS, 102 HCs) completed questionnaires for resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale [CD-RISC] and Brief Resilience Scale [BRS]), IBS symptoms, IBS-QOL, and EALs. Ninety-six of these subjects had serial serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels to exogenous corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and ACTH measured. The relationship between IBS status, resilience, and other variables of interest was assessed by regression analysis after adjusting for demographics and neuroticism, a predictor of resilience. Key Results Resilience was significantly lower in IBS compared to HCs (CD-RISC: 72.16±14.97 vs 77.32±12.73, P=.003; BRS: 3.29±0.87 vs 3.93±0.69, P<.001); however, only BRS was significant after controlling for neuroticism (P=.001). Lower BRS scores were associated with greater IBS symptom severity (P=.002), poorer IBS-QOL (P<.001), and a higher number of EALs (P=.01). There was a significant interaction between BRS resilience and IBS status for ACTH-stimulated cortisol response (P=.031); more resilient IBS subjects had lower cortisol response, and more resilient HCs had higher cortisol response. Conclusions and Inferences Lower resilience is associated with IBS status, worse IBS symptom severity, lower IBS-QOL, greater EALs, and stress hyperresponsiveness.
R. M. Flores, Sancho Panza through three hundred seventy-five years of continuations, imitations, and criticism, 1605-1980. Juan de la Cuesta-Hispanic Monographs, Newark, DE, 1982; x + 233 pp., 12 láms.

Se reseno el libro: Sancho Panza through three hundred seventy-five years of continuations, imitations, and criticism, 1605-1980.
Strategic planning in illinois: a state at the crossroads

In 1999, the governor of Illinois mandated strategic planning in all state agencies, the creation of an Office of Strategic Planning (OSP) and the formation of an academic advisory council to guide it. This article discusses how agencies responded, while focusing on the behavior of the various actors involved: agency staff, top management officials and the organizations themselves. It covers key interim agency results, and general outcome indicators for the eight state strategic issues. The State is now at the crossroads. It has a newly elected governor from a different political party and the OSP and academic advisory council no longer exist. Will a new movement of strategic planning and performance metrics make a real difference to the citizens of Illinois?
Controversies in the Diagnosis and Management of Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis

Distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), also known as calf DVT, is a frequent medical condition and represents around 50% of all lower limb DVTs in ultrasound series. Whereas the optimal management of acute proximal DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE) has been extensively studied and well standardized, the diagnostic and therapeutic management of distal DVT remains one of the most controversial subjects in the field of venous thromboembolism. Robust data arising from randomized studies remain scarce. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that the use of therapeutic anticoagulation may not be necessary in patients with distal DVT at low risk of extension.
Mechanisms of Electromagnetic Field Coupling into Biological Systems at ELF and RF Frequencies

Although living organisms have thrived in a natural electromagnetic environment, increasingly, they have been subjected to a myriad of man-made electromagnetic fields and radiations. Besides the primary intended roles, these fields and waves produce other effects that may influence the vital activities of these organisms. The changes produced depend on many physical and biological factors. They may or may not be grossly apparent and be visible soon after exposure of the living organism.
More Complex Passion

The ability to move widely and deeply in human affairs is sought by many writers, artists, ecologists, political leaders, or even psychotherapists. This freedom of movement is what I mean by a complex passion. Passion is from the Latin passio, to suffer. Oddly, the ability to suffer a wide variety of positions gives freedom of movement if one is not stuck in any given suffering. It is not easy to find a map for the trials of passion. Some patients come to us needing a mentor for this kind of life. I offer here what I think is needed.
Encouraging patron adoption of privacy-protection technologies: Challenges for public libraries

Threats to our patrons’ privacy have been a long-standing concern in libraries, though our responsibilities were largely bounded by the physical library space. Today, fueled by novel technologies, ...
Rice End-Use Quality Analysis

Abstract The term rice quality means different things to different people. To some it refers to the quantity of whole kernels remaining after milling (aka polishing), to others it is the visual appeal of the rice after milling, and then some use it to mean the eating quality or palatability of rice compared to local preferences. The term end-use quality is used in this chapter to encompass all of those definitions for rice quality plus the addition of others. Specifically, rice end-use quality is defined here to include its cooking, processing, physicochemical and functional properties, as well as its sensory, nutritional, and bioactive characteristics. This chapter focuses on the analytical methods and instruments available to measure the first three of these properties of rice, that is cooking, processing, physicochemical, and functional properties.
Large scale three-dimensional inverse design of discrete scatterer optics

In recent years, diffractive, discrete scatterer based optics such as metasurfaces have shown considerable promise in the realization of arbitrary optical functions. However, these optical elements are systems large numbers of tunable degrees of freedom that are impractical to tune using forward design methods. In parallel, there has been great progress in using computational inverse design methods to produce high quality nanophotonic elements. We show that this inverse design method is capable of handling the large scale of the three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problem, and leads to a realistic path towards the computational design and optimization of these discrete scatterer based optics capable of performing arbitrary optical functions in the far field. Then, we present an experimental demonstration of an optical element at 1.55 μm that focuses light into a discrete helical pattern that is designed using an inverse method based on generalized Lorenz-Mie scattering theory. This optical function is realized by specifying a suitable figure of merit that encapsulates the performance of the optical element. The fabrication of these optical elements with such small length scales is done using the Nanoscribe GT two-photon lithography system.
Explaining impact of predictors in rankings: an illustrative case of states rankings

ABSTRACTThis study presents an approach that can be used to identify important predictors used incalculating performance rankings and gauge their sensitivities. Random Forests is a powerful machine learning tool well known for their predictive powers. It is especially suited to broach the small-n, large-p problem usually found in rankings procedures. However, random forests are unable to shed any insight intohow the examined predictors affect individual entries in the ranked set. A procedure calledLocal Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) enables decision-makers to discernthe most important individual variables and their relative contributions to the outcome ofeach element in the ranked set. To explain this procedure, we use the 2016 edition of theALEC-Laffer State Rankings data. With the method proposed in this study, a state’s policymakerswould have specific knowledge on how to improve their state’s ranking. This method is ofgeneral applicability to any policy domain.
Polar Jet Stream Fluctuations in an Energy Balance Model

We investigate the effect of increased greenhouse gas concentrations on the zonally averaged extent of the polar cell in a latitude dependent, two-layer Energy Balance Model. The model includes separate terms for atmospheric and surface albedos, and takes into account reflections of shortwave radiation between the surface and atmospheric layers. We introduce the notion of a cloud factor function, which depends on the surface temperature gradient, to simulate the cell structure of Earth's global atmospheric circulation. A simulation of moderately increased greenhouse gas concentrations results in a poleward movement of the polar cell, while larger concentrations drive it toward the equator but obscure its boundary, suggesting large fluctuations in the jet stream.
Hazing, Bullying, and Moral Disengagement

Using the Olweus’ (1993, 2013) model of bullying as a framework, hazing and bullying were compared along the dimensions of aggression, intent to cause harm or distress, power imbalance, and repetition. The relationship of the two behaviors to moral disengagement was also examined. One hundred ninety-nine workers on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed a survey examining their experiences as hazing and bullying victims, perpetrators, and witnesses; they also completed Bandura et al.’s (J Pers Soc Psychol 71:364–374, 1996) moral disengagement scale. Participants were more likely to evaluate bullying than hazing as an act of aggression, as intended to cause harm or distress, and as repetitive in nature. The two behaviors did not differ in perceived power imbalance. Whereas only bullying perpetration positively correlated with moral disengagement, both hazing perpetration and victimization were positively related to moral disengagement. The high prevalence rate of both behaviors highlights the need for prevention and intervention programs.
Dynamic tensor approximation of high-dimensional nonlinear PDEs

Abstract We present a new method based on functional tensor decomposition and dynamic tensor approximation to compute the solution of a high-dimensional time-dependent nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE). The idea of dynamic approximation is to project the time derivative of the PDE solution onto the tangent space of a low-rank functional tensor manifold at each time. Such a projection can be computed by minimizing a convex energy functional over the tangent space. This minimization problem yields the unique optimal velocity vector that allows us to integrate the PDE forward in time on a tensor manifold of constant rank. In the case of initial/boundary value problems defined in real separable Hilbert spaces, this procedure yields evolution equations for the tensor modes in the form of a coupled system of one-dimensional time-dependent PDEs. We apply the dynamic tensor approximation to a four-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation with non-constant drift and diffusion coefficients, and demonstrate its accuracy in predicting relaxation to statistical equilibrium.
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of microcrystalline proteins

Abstract In this chapter, we discuss recent advances in solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy of microcrystalline proteins. We review approaches for isotopic labelling and microcrystalline sample preparation and multidimensional MAS NMR correlation experiments for resonance assignment and distance restraint determination as well as the measurement of chemical shift and dipolar tensors. These experiments include heteronuclear 13C/15N-, 1H- and 19F- based techniques in the regimes of moderate (less than 60 kHz) as well as high (greater than 60 kHz) MAS frequencies. We present examples of applications of these techniques to determine 3D structures of proteins and their interactions with water, small-molecule ligands, other proteins as well as nucleic acids. The recent advances in high field magnet and MAS NMR probe technologies open new avenues for methods development and applications to larger proteins and biological assemblies intractable by conventional methods.
Algebraic properties of Toeplitz operators on weighted Bergman spaces

We study algebraic properties of two Toeplitz operators on the weighted Bergman space on the unit disk with harmonic symbols. In particular the product property and commutative property are discussed. Further we apply our results to solve a compactness problem of the product of two Hankel operators on the weighted Bergman space on the unit bidisk.
V2XSim: A V2X Simulator for Connected and Automated Vehicle Environment Simulation

In this work we propose a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) simulator, called V2XSim, for connected vehicle (CV) environment simulation. As this field is rather new, many researchers focusing on CV-based research do not have access to real-world test-beds to validate their methodologies. As such, there is a timely need for simulation platforms that can incorporate precise vehicle mechanics, accurate physics of vehicle movement, and communications in the transportation network. Accordingly, this paper provides an integrated V2X simulation platform, built with the Gazebo robot simulation engine. The simulated world is constructed with two types of models, namely dynamic and static models. we provide a detailed communication architecture to simulate the vehicle communication process. In this architecture, a closed-loop control module is built to pass control commands and control vehicle models without human intervention. We also provide multiple APIs for users to simplify the vehicle control process and make the simulator easy to use.
Diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in pediatric thyroid nodules based on Bethesda Classification.

Objectives The Bethesda system for reporting cytopathology (TBSRTC) has been widely adopted in the management of thyroid nodules. Based on the limited pediatric data available, the implied malignancy risk for each of the categories may be significantly different in pediatrics vs. adults, especially in the indeterminate categories (Bethesda Class III or IV). We report the diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy at our institution based on the Bethesda system and the risk of malignancy in each category. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent a thyroid FNA at our tertiary pediatric hospital from 12/1/2002 to 11/30/2018. FNA results were classified according to TBSRTC. Patient demographics, cytology, histopathology, radiological and clinical follow-ups were examined. Results A total of 171 patients were included with 203 cytological samples. Average age at initial FNA was 14.7 years (range 6.9-18.6 years). The numbers of nodules reported for Bethesda categories I-VI were 29, 106, 22, 14, 6 and 26, respectively, and the rate of malignancy was: 13.8, 4.7, 22.7, 35.7, 83.3 and 100%, respectively. Use of ultrasound guidance reduced the non-diagnostic rate from 38.1 to 11.5%. Introduction of on-site adequacy testing further reduced the non-diagnostic rate to 6.5% since 2014. Conclusions The risk of malignancy for thyroid nodules in this pediatric cohort is higher than reported in adults. However, rates described here are much closer to adult ranges than previously published pediatric cohorts. The addition of adequacy testing improved the non-diagnostic rate of FNA procedures performed with ultrasound guidance.
The Effects of Professor Gender on the Post-Graduation Outcomes of Female Students

Although women earn approximately 50 percent of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) bachelor’s degrees, more than 70 percent of scientists and engineers are men. We explore a potential determinant of this STEM gender gap using newly collected data on the career trajectories of United States Air Force Academy students. Specifically, we examine the effects of being assigned female math and science professors on occupation choice and postgraduate education. We find that, among high-ability female students, being assigned a female professor leads to substantial increases in the probability of working in a STEM occupation and the probability of receiving a STEM master’s degree.
Intrinsic f0 and Sound Change: Evidence from Australian Languages

In this paper, a study is presented investigating two types of intrinsic f0 effects in sixteen Australian languages. Vowels are known to vary systematically in their mean f0 as a function of vowel height as well as voicing of the previous consonant, a property known as intrinsic f0. Vowel height has been known to have a positive correlation with f0, in which high vowels have a higher intrinsic f0 than low vowels on average. Differences in intrinsic f0 also vary systematically based on the voicing of a preceding stop, with voiceless stops correlating with higher intrinsic f0 and voiced stops with lower. Using automatic data processing methods on archival audio data, this study shows wide variation in the presence and robustness of intrinsic f0 effects in the Australian langauges investigated.
Data-driven approaches to care delivery: Actionable informatics in the DoD's primary care behavioral health program.

INTRODUCTION Transforming administrative health care data into meaningful metrics has been critical to the implementation of the Department of Defense's Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) program. METHODS Data from clinical encounters with PCBH providers are used to develop metrics of program performance collaboratively. Metrics focus on describing the PCBH program and patients, provider fidelity to the model, and provider performance. These metrics form two key deliverables: a monitoring dashboard for program managers and a training dashboard for expert trainers conducting site visits. RESULTS Behavioral health consultants (BHCs) conducted nearly 200,000 encounters with more than 100,000 unique patients in fiscal year 2019 at more than 170 locations in 6 countries and 37 states. Administrative data derived from these encounters were used to create a variety of metrics that describe practice and performance at both the provider and program levels. These metrics are delivered through a variety of analytic products to stakeholders who use that information to make data-driven decisions about program direction and provider training. DISCUSSION We discuss examples of program management decisions and expert trainer actions based on these dashboards, highlighting the benefits of continued collaboration between analysts and program managers. Specifically, excerpts from several dashboards illustrate how penetration and productivity metrics yield specific, tailored action plans to improve care delivery and provider performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Use of a script concordance test to evaluate the impact of a targeted educational strategy on clinical reasoning in advanced pharmacy practice experiential students.

Abstract Background and purpose It is unclear how clinical reasoning is impacted by a single advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) and how preceptors can further develop these skills. Educational activity and setting Students completing an APPE within four sites were invited to participate. To assess clinical reasoning skills, students completed a 30 item script concordance test (SCT) during week 1 and week 5 of a rotation. Students were divided into control and intervention groups. The intervention group participated in a clinical reasoning discussion, during which students presented a case and led a discussion on how to reason through treatment options. Findings Change in mean SCT scores between week 1 and week 5 were 0.84 (2.8%) and 1.23 (4.1%) in the control (n = 15) and intervention groups (n = 28), respectively. There was no significant change in scores in the control group (P = .07, CI -0.34, 2.01). The change in scores was statistically significant in the intervention group (P = .02, CI 0.23, 2.23). An independent samples t-test comparing the SCT score change for the control and intervention group showed no significant difference (P = .62, CI -1.18, 1.96). Summary This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a SCT in experiential education. SCT scores did not significantly improve beyond the standard APPE in response to the focused educational intervention, but investigators found that the discussion facilitated rich conversations about patient cases and was valuable for assessing a student's thinking pattern.
Cruciferous weeds do not act as major reservoirs of inoculum for black rot outbreaks in New York State.

Cruciferous weeds have been shown to harbor diverse Xanthomonas campestris pathovars, including the agronomically-damaging black rot of cabbage pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Howe...
Reply to Velu and Iyer: The promise and limits of near-miss" pandemic-related research."

Velu and Iyer (1) underscore the need and opportunity to study “near misses” in the COVID-19 era of social science research, thus elaborating on a key aspect of the causal inference challenges we discuss in our Opinion article (2). The literature on causal inference would classify “near misses” and “hypothetical histories” as “counterfactuals”: depictions of what would have happened to an entity, absent some intervention, all else equal (3⇓–5). Counterfactuals provide a baseline for measuring an intervention’s causal effect. Theoretically, the difference between the observed outcome following an intervention and the result occurring had that intervention never happened constitutes the causal effect … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: daltonclarkconley{at}gmail.com or tjohnson{at}willamette.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Enriching, Editing, and Representing Interlinear Glossed Text

The majority of the world’s languages have little to no NLP resources or tools. This is due to a lack of training data (“resources”) over which tools, such as taggers or parsers, can be trained. In recent years, there have been increasing efforts to apply NLP methods to a much broader swathe of the worlds languages. In many cases this involves bootstrapping the learning process with enriched or partially enriched resources. One promising line of research involves the use of Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT), a very common form of annotated data used in the field of linguistics. Although IGT is generally very richly annotated, and can be enriched even further (e.g., through structural projection), much of the content is not easily consumable by machines since it remains “trapped” in linguistic scholarly documents and in human readable form. In this paper, we introduce several tools that make IGT more accessible and consumable by NLP researchers.
On Weibull Mixtures in Mechanical Properties of Castings

A review of Weibull mixtures in the mechanical properties of castings is provided. Two distinct scenarios which result in Weibull mixtures in the mechanical properties of castings are introduced: (i) multiple defect distributions that lead to failure by the same mechanism are present in the casting, and (ii) there are multiple failure mechanisms in effect regardless of the type and size of defects. These two scenarios are discussed in detail with examples from the literature.
Modelling the Soft X-Ray and EUV Emission in Classical Novae: EUVE and ROSAT Observations of V1974 Cygni

We have conducted an extensive analysis of the observability of Classical Novae with the EUVE Lex/B and Al/Ti/C detectors. Predicted count rates have been computed using optically thin, isothermal plasma models for solar and metal-rich compositions, and hot ONeMg white dwarf model atmospheres. We find EUVE to be quite sensitive to both the EUV and soft X-ray emission emitted by the underlying hot white dwarf during novae outbursts, except for the coolest temperatures with very high intervening hydrogen column density. These results are used to interpret the emission detected during the EUVE all-sky survey of Nova Cygni 1992 (≡ v1974 Cyg), 279–290 days after visual maximum. We find the best fit to the observed emission from V1974 Cyg arises from a hot ONeMg white dwarf with surface temperature ∼ 4 × 106 k and a mass of ∼1.2 M ⊙, and derive an interstellar hydrogen column density of ∼ 3 × 1021 cm-2. virtually all this emission arises from supersoft X-rays rather than the EUV. We also report the detection of V1974 Cyg with the EUVE Deep Survey detector at 549 days after visual maximum. This observation is compatible with the above properties, indicating that the mechanism responsible for the soft X-ray emission, connected with the underlying white dwarf, had not yet entirely turned off. We also present analysis of a ROSAT PSPC observation which is contemporaneous with the EUVE survey observations; this independently confirms the high column density we derived from the EUVE survey observation. Light curves for the EUVE and ROSAT observations are presented. Statistical tests for variability show that all of these observations are indeed highly variable over various time scales. The EUVE survey data shows one day variations, the EUVE DS data show ∼30 minute fluctuations, while the ROSAT data vary rapidly on time scales of seconds. The EUVE data shows no periodic variability on any time scale. The implications of the rapid variability are briefly discussed.
Infants of diabetic mothers: a quantitative morphologic study.

A quantitative morphologic study has been made of organ composition in infants with diabetic mothers. Cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy were responsible for the organ enlargement observed in 21 overweight infants. This abnormal growth is most easily attributable to fetal hyperinsulinism. Four underweight infants had anatomic evidences of prenatal malnutrition. Infants in both groups had some evidences of hyperadrenocorticism.
Mortgage Backed Valuation

Tutorial on valuation of mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, including: - Structure of the mortgage market - Prepayment modeling - OAS analysis - Interest rate modeling - Numerical methods - Parallelization
Medicaid provider reimbursement policy for adult immunizations.

Background State Medicaid programs establish provider reimbursement policy for adult immunizations based on: costs, private insurance payments, and percentage of Medicare payments for equivalent services. Each program determines provider eligibility, payment amount, and permissible settings for administration. Total reimbursement consists of different combinations of Current Procedural Terminology codes: vaccine, vaccine administration, and visit.
The perception of postural instability as revealed by Morlet wavelet transform in EEG

Our principal finding from this study is that there are changes at the level of brain electrical activity (EEG), in the time-frequency domain, during states of perceptual detection of postural instability of the virtual person. The Morlet wavelet transform was applied to examine the phase-locking transition within the 10-40 Hz frequency range as a function of change in the focused attention during perceptual tasks aimed to detect non-stable postural dynamics. It was found that the high energy 40 Hz time-frequency cluster at the fronto-central area was preceded by 20 Hz signal activity and followed by a 30 Hz signal cluster when subjects detect non-stable postures. This fortifies the use of time-frequency analysis as an invaluable tool for the detection, estimation and tracking of event-related EEG frequency distributions.
Universality of wavelet-based non-homogeneous hidden Markov chain model features for hyperspectral signatures

Feature design is a crucial step in many hyperspectral signal processing applications like hyperspectral signature classification and unmixing, etc. In this paper, we describe a technique for automatically designing universal features of hyperspectral signatures. Universality is considered both in terms of the application to a multitude of classification problems and in terms of the use of specific vs. generic training datasets. The core component of our feature design is to use a non-homogeneous hidden Markov chain (NHMC) to characterize wavelet coefficients which capture the spectrum semantics (i.e., structural information) at multiple levels. Results of our simulation experiments show that the designed features meet our expectation in terms of universality.
Cytokine expression after vaginal distention of different durations in virgin Sprague-Dawley rats.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of the duration of vaginal distention on the differential expression of stem cell homing, tissue repair cytokines and cytokine receptors to identify the factors most important for recovery from injury.Materials and Methods: A total of 20, 10-week-old virgin Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, including 1, 4 and 6-hour vaginal distention, and anesthetized sham operation. The vagina, bladder, urethra and rectum were harvested immediately after vaginal distention. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the relative expression of cytokines and receptors of interest. Mixed models analysis was used to determine associations between expression levels and vaginal distention duration.Results: Positive associations between vaginal distention duration and the urethral expression level were found for 1 of the receptors of monocyte chemotactic protein-3, CCR1 (p = 0.0001) as well as for monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (p = 0.025), CCR5 (p = 0.032) and h...
Climate-tree growth relationships of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in the Southeastern Coastal Plain, USA.

Abstract Knowledge of tree growth/climate response relationships is important to dendroecological studies and dendroclimatic reconstructions, particularly in the Southeastern Coastal Plain where few such studies have been attempted. To this end, we developed tree-ring chronologies of total ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width from longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) at three sites in the Southeastern Coastal Plain to examine the climate–growth relationships for this tree species. The length of these chronologies is unprecedented for southern pine chronologies in the Southeast. We compared the tree-ring chronologies to monthly temperature, precipitation, Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), and Palmer hydrological drought index (PHDI) data from the pertinent climate divisions. We found that PDSI and PHDI have the highest correlation with longleaf pine growth, and the strongest relationships between longleaf pine growth and these variables occur between July and November. Precipitation in the spring and summer was also positively related to growth at all sites. The relationship between temperature and growth was the weakest among all climate variables, but warm summer temperatures had a consistent, negative relationship with longleaf pine growth. The climate signal in the latewood was generally more robust than for total ring width and earlywood width.
POLARIZATION FORCES IN COLLISIONS BETWEEN LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS AND SODIUM CLUSTERS

We study low-energy $(E\ensuremath{\sim}0--5\mathrm{eV})$ electron collisions with free neutral ${\mathrm{Na}}_{n}$ clusters $(n=20,40,57,58,70).$ The measured inelastic cross sections range from several hundred ${\AA{}}^{2}$ at $Eg1\mathrm{eV}$ up to well over a thousand ${\AA{}}^{2}$ for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}0,$ signifying the action of strong long-range polarization forces. For collision energies below 1 eV, the cross sections rise strongly with decreasing energy, and are in good agreement with values predicted by the mechanism of electron capture by the polarization field of the cluster. At higher energies, the cross sections become approximately independent of the collision energy, implying efficient energy transfer at large impact parameters. This may proceed via excitation of collective and single-particle resonances of the cluster electron cloud by the incoming electron, followed by fragmentation.
Optimal dietary therapy for obese adolescents: Comparison of protein plus glucose and protein plus fat†

Nitrogen balance in six obese adolescent boys and three obese girls was studied during two nonconsecutive three-week dietary periods. Protein intake was based on an ideal body weight calculated from the measurement of total body water. The diets consisted of 1.5 gm meat protein/kg 1BW/day plus 1.0 gm glucose/kg 1BW/day, or an isonitrogenous diet made isocaloric with fat. Each dietary period was preceded by a controlled five-day diet designed to achieve weight maintenance. The first dietary period was followed by a one-month period of re-equilibration. The addition of carbohydrate to protein produced a significantly better cumulative nitrogen balance than P+F. Significant nitrogen losses persisted throughout the entire dietary period of P+F in three patients, but were observed in only one patient during P+G. Lymphopenia occurred in one subject on P+F but did not occur during P+G. Serum albumin concentrations were unchanged on both diets. Transferrin values decreased during P+F, but did not differ significantly from prediet levels during P+G. However, the observation of prolonged nitrogen losses in one subject on P+G and the limited experience with highly restrictive diets in obese adolescents emphasize that such diets must be used with caution and monitored carefully.
Perfluorobutyl iodides as gain media for a solar-pumped laser amplifier

Abstract Perfluorobutyl iodides were studied as media of an iodine photodissociation laser amplifier and photoabsorption cross sections were measured. The results indicate a superior performance for t-C 4 F 9 I compared to that for n-C 4 F 9 I. The gain of n-C 4 F 9 I is found to be equal to that of n-C 3 F 7 I. The implications of these findings to space-based solar-pumped lasers are presented.
Optical Data Transmission Between High Speed Digital Integrated Circuit Chips

Advances in computational speed and system complexity are proceeding at a rapid pace. As these systems become more complex and computation speed demands increase, parallel processing becomes the viable solution to meeting the requirements for future systems. Optical signal processing and interconnection provide parallel signal processing capability. A concerted effort is underway to develop optical signal processing and interconnection under the impetus and direction of DARPA. This paper discussed the design, development, and performance of GaAs optoelectronic integrated circuits for application in optical interconnection control and signal processing. Performance of optical transmitters and receivers are given as well as data obtained on 8:1 multiplexed transmitters and 1:8 demultiplexed receivers. Optical data transmission and reception at data rates of 1.5 GHz has been obtained.
Evaluation of Antigenic and Nonantigenic Proteins of Edwardsiella ictaluri at Two Culture Temperatures and in Enriched and Minimal Media using Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Abstract Proteins in whole-cell lysates (WCLs) of two Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates grown in brain–heart infusion broth (BHI) and defined minimal medium broth (MM19) were analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). In denatured 2D-PAGE, there were no differences in the expression of proteins between virulent isolates 92-266 and 93-146 grown in BHI or between growth temperatures of 25°C and 30°C for 92-266 grown in BHI. Comparisons of growth of 93-146 in BHI and MM19 showed that there were differences in protein expression between the culture media. Pooled convalescent catfish serum (CCS) recognized 39 bands and 89 spots in Western blots of WCL of E. ictaluri grown in BHI and MM19. The same antigenic bands and spots recognized in BHI-grown WCLs were detected in the MM19-grown WCL, with the exception of an additional 57-kDa protein that was only expressed and recognized in the MM19 WCL. Two other antigenic spots of 58 and 71 kDa had differences in their level of expression ...
Influence of Surface Sensible Heat Flux on Incipient Marine Cyclogenesis

Abstract Incipient marine cyclogenesis is investigated as an instability process of a mean baroclinic state with a vertically nonuniform static stability under the influence of a self-induced surface sensible heat flux in the context of a quasigeostrophic model framework. The analytic solution of such a model is first presented. The surface sensible heat flux induces strongly unstable short waves in the meso-α range and an e-folding time of the order of one day under supposedly relevant parameter conditions. Those modes have a shallow vertical structure near the surface with a pronounced westward tilt with height. The latter facilitates a release of enough potential energy from the basic state to overcompensate the destruction of potential energy by the surface heat exchange itself. The diabatic destabilization by surface sensible heat flux is therefore an alternative mechanism for initiating small marine cyclones without upper-level forcing. A potential vorticity interpretation of this instability proces...
Sensory and physical characteristics and storage stability of honey-flavored low-fat extruded chips

Consumer demand for low-fat “healthy” snacks challenges manufacturers to improve the health profile of their products while maintaining their appetizing taste. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate the effect of addition levels of honey on texture and consumer acceptability of extruded, baked low-fat/honey-flavored chips; (2) determine the degree of liking for the product; (3) and evaluate the influence of honey on storage stability. The product, consisting of grade A light amber honey (0, 6, 12, and 18%) in a corn masa/flour blend, was extrusion formed into a ribbon through a slit die. The product was baked, dried, packaged, and stored in an ambient environment. Increased honey level significantly increased flavor liking, sweetness and honey flavor intensity for the fresh and 10 week storage samples, and positively influenced consumer overall acceptability.
Photoperturbation of the heme a3-CuB binuclear center of cytochrome c oxidase CO complex observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Purified cytochrome c oxidase CO complex from beef heart has been studied by Fourier transform infrared absorbance difference spectroscopy. Photolysis at 10–20 Kelvin results in dissociation of a3FeCO, formation of CuBCO, and perturbation of the a3-heme and CuB complex. The vibrational perturbation spectrum between 900 and 1700 cm-1 contains a wealth of information about the binuclear center. Appearance in infrared photoperturbation difference spectra of virtually all bands previously reported from resonance Raman spectra indicate the importance of polarization along the 4-vinyl:8-formyl axis, which results in the reduction of heme symmetry to C2v. Frequency-shifted bands due to the 8-formyl and 4-vinyl groups of the a3-heme have been identified and quantitated. The frequency shifts have been interpreted as being due to a change in porphyrin polarization with change in spin state of the iron by photodissociation of CO or perturbation of the CuB coordination complex.
A set covering approach to bus stop location

Abstract This paper considers the problem of locating bus stops in the context of a set covering problem. Zero-one integer programming models are suggested for use in the location of bus stops on new routes and for use in the location of express bus stops on current routes. The models may be used to locate the minimum number of (express) bus stops required to ensure that no passenger need walk more than a specified distance to reach an (express) bus stop. A modified version of the model is presented which enables the router to locate a specified number of (express) bus stops in such a manner that the total distance walked by all boarders is minimized.