cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adipokines, adiposity, and vasomotor symptoms during the menopause transition: findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Objective To test relationships between adipokines, adiposity, and vasomotor symptoms (VMS), including how these associations vary by menopause stage. Design A subcohort of the longitudinal cohort Study of Women's Health Across the Nation completed questionnaires, physical measures, and a fasting blood draw annually for 8 years. Associations between a poorer adipokine profile (lower adiponectin, lower high-molecular-weight [HMW] adiponectin, higher leptin, lower soluble leptin receptor, higher monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) and VMS were tested with the use of generalized estimating equations adjusting for potential confounders. Interactions by menopause stage (pre-/early perimenopause, late peri-/postmenopause) were tested. Setting Community. Patient(s) A total of 536 women ages 42–52 at baseline. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) VMS. Result(s) Associations between adipokines and hot flashes varied by menopause stage, with a poorer adipokine profile associated with higher odds of hot flashes early in the transition (adiponectin log : odds ratio [OR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.90; HMW adiponectin log : OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58–0.85; leptin log : OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.99–1.54; multivariable models including body mass index [BMI]), but not later in the transition. The direction of associations between BMI and VMS also varied by menopausal stage. Higher MCP-1 was associated with more night sweats (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.06–1.76) across menopausal stages. Conclusion(s) An adverse adipokine profile was associated with more VMS, particularly early in the menopause transition.
Universal equations of state for oxides and silicates

Oxides and silicates universal equations of state based on experimental data including elastic properties, density, mean atomic weight relations and geophysics interpretations
Identification of Parthenium argentatum rubber particle proteins immunoprecipitated by an antibody that specifically inhibits rubber transferase activity

Abstract We have shown that an antibody raised to LPR ( M , 367 000) the predominant protein on Ficus elastica rubber particles, recognized three proteins from Parthenium argentatum (guayule) rubber particles, the glycoprotein RPP ( M r 52 000), and two smaller proteins ( M r 15 000 and 9000). Since anti-LPR IgG specifically inhibited the rubber particle-bound cis -prenyl transferase (rubber transferase) in both F. elastica and P. argentatum , our results indicate that these proteins probably play roles in rubber transferase activity. Although LPR and RPP differ considerably in size, we show that RPP can form a large protein complex. A M r of 450 000 was determined by electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. Thus rubber transferase activity appears to be associated with large proteins in both F. elastica and P. argentatum .
Evaluation of Paddle Wheels in Generating Hydroelectric Power

ABSTRACT This paper presents an innovative analytical model to correctly evaluate the performance of a paddle wheel in generating hydroelectric power. The deficiencies of current analytical model in evaluating such performance are pointed out and overcome by the developed analytical algorithm. Important factors that affect the paddle wheel’s performance, such as the drag force, relative velocity, efficiency curve of generator, are considered in the developed method. The presented method and analytical results are validated through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modeling and simulation. NOMENCLATURE A Wetted area of vertical paddle, m 2 A i Wetted Area of slanted paddle, m 2 C D Drag coefficient C L Lift coefficient D Radius of each paddle, m d Wetted depth of vertical paddle, m E Efficiency factor F Force, N g c Conversion factor, N·sec 2 /kg·m L Length of paddles, m P Power, kW q Flow rate, m 3 /sec r Torque handle (distance between centroid of paddle to axis of rotation), m T Torque, N·m T
A catalog of errors

Abstract This paper reviews various errors that have been described by comparing human behavior to the norms of probability, causal connection and logical deduction. For each error we review evidence on whether the error has been demonstrated to occur. For many errors, the occurrence of a bias has not been demonstrated; for other, a bias does occur, but arguments can be made that the bias is not always an error. Based on the conclusions of this review, we caution researchers and practitioners in referring to well known biases and errors.
X-ray diffraction characterization of defect behavior in nanocrystalline nickel during annealing

Abstract Nanocrystalline nickel samples were annealed while collecting high angle X-ray diffraction data in order to correlate changes in strain arid defect content with changes in grain size.The microstrain broadening magnitude decreased rapidly prior to any grain growth, while the Debye-Waller parameter was not reduced significantly prior to the onset of grain growth.
The 1/d expansion for the quantum mechanical n-body problem application for directed polymers in a random medium

Abstract In this paper we give a closed form expression for the 1/ d corrections to the leading d → ∞ approximation for the ground-state energy of an n -body quantum mechanical problem in a general potential (where d is the number of spatial dimensions). We then extend the results to the problem of directed polymers in a random medium where the limit n → 0 has to be taken in the corresponding n -body problem. In this case the effective two-body potential measures the strength of correlations of the quenched disorder. In the n → 0 limit a replica-symmetry-breaking solution to the saddle-point equations turns out to be the correct solutionin the strong-coupling regime, and we obtain the 1/ d corrections to the corresponding energy which constitute the gaussian fluctuations about this solution as well as provide information about its basin of stability.
Olfactory specific chymotrypsin-like serine protease from the aesthetasc tegumental gland of the lobster, Homarus americanus

Numerous proteases and protease inhibitors are expressed in the lobster olfactory organ. One of these proteases, olfactory enriched transcript 03 (OET-03), is particularly interesting because its mRNA is expressed only in one cell type of the olfactory organ of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. We have obtained a full-length cDNA clone of OET-03. The predicted amino acid sequence is equally divided between a novel N-terminal domain and a conserved serine protease catalytic domain at the C-terminus. Heterologous expression in HEK293 cells allowed protease assays demonstrating that OET-03 cleaved a specific serine protease substrate, N-alpha benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide, but did not cleave a substrate of metalloproteases and cysteine proteases. OET-03 protease activity was significantly inhibited by the chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor, tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, but not by the general protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Immunoreactivity for OET-03 was detected only in the cells previously shown to contain OET-03 mRNA. The cytoplasm of these cells was filled with enlarged smooth endoplasmic reticulum (a characteristic of secretory cells) that appeared to expand into large electron-translucent areas at the ventral end of the cell. The ventral ends of these secretory cells were apposed to phalloidin-labeled triangular structures reminiscent of the beginnings of the ducts of crustacean tegumental glands. This putative gland was found only in association with the aesthetasc sensory units of the olfactory organ, hence the name, aesthetasc tegumental gland.
Bupropion and venlafaxine responders differ in pretreatment regional cerebral metabolism in unipolar depression

Background Pretreatment functional brain imaging was examined for never-hospitalized outpatients with unipolar depression compared with control subjects in a crossover treatment trial involving bupropion or venlafaxine monotherapy. Methods Patients (n = 20) with unipolar depression received baseline (medication-free) fluorine-18 deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan and then at least 6 weeks of bupropion or venlafaxine monotherapy in a single-blind crossover trial. Age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 20) also received baseline FDG PET scans. For each medication PET data from patients compared with control subjects was analyzed as a function of treatment response (defined as moderate to marked improvement on the Clinical Global Impression Scale). Results Treatment response rates were similar for buproprion (32%) and venlafaxine (33%). Compared with control subjects, responders but not nonresponders, to both drugs demonstrated frontal and left temporal hypometabolism. Selectively, compared with control subjects bupropion responders (n = 6) also had cerebellar hypermetabolism, whereas venlafaxine responders (n = 7) showed bilateral temporal and basal ganglia hypometabolism. Conclusions These data suggest that pretreatment frontal and left temporal hypometabolism in never-hospitalized depressed outpatients compared with control subjects is linked to positive antidepressant response and that additional alterations in regional metabolism may be linked to differential responsivity to bupropion and venlafaxine monotherapy.
Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, monitoring, and management.

Disease overview: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with an incidence of one–two cases per 100,000 adults and accounts for ∼15% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia in adults. Diagnosis: CML is characterized by a balanced genetic translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), involving a fusion of the Abelson oncogene (ABL) from chromosome 9q34 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22q11.2. This rearrangement is known as the Philadelphia chromosome. The molecular consequence of this translocation is the generation of a BCR-ABL fusion oncogene, which in turn translates into a Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. Frontline therapy: Three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the first-line treatment of patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML-CP). Clinical trials with 2nd generation TKIs reported significantly deeper and faster responses; their impact on long-term survival remains to be determined. Salvage therapy: For patients who fail standard-dose imatinib therapy, imatinib dose escalation is a second-line option. Alternative second-line options include 2nd generation TKIs. Although both are potent and specific BCR-ABL TKIs, dasatinib and nilotinib exhibit unique pharmacological profiles and response patterns relative to different patient characteristics, such as disease stage and BCR-ABL mutational status. Patients who develop the T315I “gatekeeper” mutation display resistance to all currently available TKIs and are candidate for clinical trials. Allogeneic transplantation remains an important therapeutic option for CML-CP harboring the T315I mutation, patients who fail 2nd generation TKIs, and for all patients in advanced phase disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why Both Social Structure and Culture Matter in a Holistic Analysis of Inner-City Poverty

A complex web of racialist and nonracialist structural forces, along with cultural forces, have adversely impacted life in inner-city black neighborhoods. Yet a number of studies have raised questions about the real effects of living in such neighborhoods, including the widely cited studies on the Moving to Opportunity experiment. The author highlights studies that provide compelling evidence for considering the cumulative effects of residing in poor segregated neighborhoods. While some of these are structural, others are cultural, such as the effects of prolonged exposure to cultural traits that originate from or are the products of racial exclusion. Advancing the argument that structural conditions provide the context within which cultural responses to chronic economic and racial subordination are developed, the author suggests a holistic public policy perspective whereby the complex web of structural and cultural factors that create and reinforce racial inequality is recognized and appreciated. To illu...
Postnatal development of sensitivity to estrogen and androgen in male, female and psuedohermaphroditic guinea pigs†

Lordosis responses on the day of birth were measured in female pseudohermaphrodites, their male siblings, and control females and males. All subjects displayed lordosis. Differences in average duration of the response were not significant. Relationships between exogenous estrogen and display of lordosis at later ages were studied in gonadectomized subjects. At seven days, estrogen did not induce lordosis in any subject. All normal females displayed lordosis at 21, 35, 60, and 90 days, and estrogen-sensitivity increased steadily. Pseudohermaphrodites failed to respond to hormones until 35 days, and responses were infrequent and abbreviated. Age at time of ovariectomy did not influence performance of pseudohermaphrodites. Males showed lowest responsiveness to estrogen over all ages. Pseudohermaphrodites resembled the male in postnatal responsiveness to androgen. Although postnatal testosterone induced mounting behavior in normal females, pseudohermaphrodites, like males, displayed more mounting and mounted at earlier ages. Results suggest that prenatal androgen has not impaired the neural mechanism for lordosis at birth. Rather it acts to alter, during the fetal stage, the mechanism which normally directs the development of estrogen-sensitivity of the neural mechanism in the genetic female. Additionally, prenatal androgen lowers the hormonal threshold for mounting behavior.
Perplexing Presentation of Pink Breast Milk

Women’s Health Poster Presentation Background Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic pathogen with strong evidence of a role in nosocomial infections. It has been cultured from hospital equipment, including breast pumps and inhalation devices and can be transmitted from the hands of healthcare workers. One outbreak in a newborn intensive care nursery was traced to the contamination of healthcare workers' personal bottles of 1% chloroxylenol soap that were left open in work areas. Case During a routine 6-week postpartum visit, a mother reported a bright pink stain on her beast pads, burp pads, and infant diapers. The same bright pink color was in her bottles and breast pump when they were left out. The review of systems was negative. Her history was positive for right breast mastitis on postpartum day 4, which was treated appropriately and resolved. Her infant was healthy and thriving. The nurse practitioner caring for her was perplexed by this presentation. She consulted with the obstetric–gynecologic staff and the lactation specialist who were also puzzled. A breast specialist in general surgery consulted with infectious disease and pediatrics. The workup included cultures of the mother's breast pads, milk, and breast pump. Serratia marcescens was isolated in addition to common gram-negative and -positive bacteria. The working diagnosis was colonization of S. marcescens without acute infection. The mother was reassured and encouraged to continue breastfeeding. She and her infant were closely monitored and managed without antibiotics. Conclusion This case provides an example of a unique clinical presentation involving unusual bacteria. The workup and management were addressed through a multidisciplinary approach. Having input from different disciplines provided the working diagnosis. The woman was given guidance regarding proper care of the breast pump and reassured that she could continue to breastfeed. At her final visit, she was breastfeeding 60% of the time and the infant was thriving.
Genetically-engineered meanderline twist reflector

A meanderline polarization twist reflector designed through genetic optimization is presented. Modeled and measured reflection response of electric field components parallel and perpendicular to the meanderline axis are reported, with excellent agreement. Polarization conversion efficiency greater than 98% is demonstrated over 18% bandwidth at 12.9 GHz for a meanderline on substrate of thickness t <0.10lambdao. Dual-band performance is revealed by considering insertion loss of co-polarized reflection for an incident electric field oriented 45deg from the meanderline axis. Parameter-dependent sensitivity at the two resonant frequencies is reported, providing a means for independent control of the lower and upper frequency response.
CMOL crossnets as pattern classifiers

This presentation has two goals: (i) to review the recently suggested concept of bio-inspired CrossNet architectures for future hybrid CMOL VLSI circuits and (ii) to present new results concerning the prospects and problems of using these neuromorphic networks as classifiers of very large patterns, in particular of high-resolution optical images. We show that the unparalleled density and speed of CMOL circuits may enable to perform such important and challenging tasks as, for example, online recognition of a face in a high-resolution image of a large crowd.
Restoring Colorado River Ecosystems: A Troubled Sense of Immensity

In Restoring Colorado River Ecosystems, University of Utah Law Professor Adler makes an important contribution to Colorado River literature by focusing on the river's future, rather than merely its...
Avoidance of cellular blood product transfusions in LVAD recipients does not prevent HLA allosensitization

Abstract Background Transfusion of cellular blood products during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has been associated with HLA allosensitization, resulting in the need for a negative prospective cross-match and prolonged transplant waiting times. In order to prevent this risk, we developed a protocol to avoid transfusion of cellular blood products. Methods The protocol included preoperative patient stabilization, perioperative recombinant erythropoietin and blood conservation strategies, and postoperative monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO 2 ) to assure adequate peripheral oxygen delivery. Panel reactive antibody (PRA) was measured in all patients pre and post LVAD placement to assess HLA sensitization. Results Seven consecutive patients underwent LVAD implantation without transfusion of blood or platelets, one of whom expired perioperatively. Mean hematocrit was 35.2% preoperatively, and 21.8% postoperatively, reaching a nadir of 20.2%. Postoperative SVO 2 was >60% in all patients. In the six survivors, mean hematocrit reach 24.3%, 27.3%, and 33.0% by postoperative day seven, fourteen, and thirty, respectively. PRA in three patients was 0% preoperatively and remained 0% until transplantation after 33, 34, and 50 days of support. In two patients, preoperative PRA was 7% and 17%, dropped to 3% and 0% after thirty days, then progressively rose to 96% and 100% after 60 and 90 days, respectively. In one other patient, preoperative PRA was 0%, remained at 0% after thirty days, then rose to 96% by 60 days. Conclusions Avoiding transfusion of cellular blood products in LVAD recipients is safe and well tolerated, but does not universally protect from HLA allosensitization. Other factors may also produce sensitization, such as immunogenic components of the LVAD, soluble antigen in fresh frozen plasma, or latent sensitization which is not initially evident in critically ill and possibly anergic patients.
Identification of Adenovirus Serotype 5 Hexon Regions That Interact with Scavenger Receptors

Most of an intravenous dose of species C adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is destroyed by liver Kupffer cells. In contrast, another species C virus, Ad6, evades these cells to mediate more efficient liver gene delivery. Given that this difference in Kupffer cell interaction is mediated by the hypervariable (HVR) loops of the virus hexon protein, we genetically modified each of the seven HVRs of Ad5 with a cysteine residue to enable conditional blocking of these sites with polyethylene glycol (PEG). We show that these modifications do not affect in vitro virus transduction. In contrast, after intravenous injection, targeted PEGylation at HVRs 1, 2, 5, and 7 increased viral liver transduction up to 20-fold. Elimination or saturation of liver Kupffer cells did not significantly affect this increase in the liver transduction. In vitro, PEGylation blocked uptake of viruses via the Kupffer cell scavenger receptor SRA-II. These data suggest that HVRs 1, 2, 5, and 7 of Ad5 may be involved in Kupffer cell recognition and subsequent destruction. These data also demonstrate that this conditional genetic-chemical mutation strategy is a useful tool for investigating the interactions of viruses with host tissues.
The Role of Propagation Effects in Airborne RF Communication Systems Design

Recent years have seen the emergence of Unmanned Aerial Systems performing roles that use various Radio Frequency (RF) systems. Thus, there is a need to use accurate and broadly capable signal propagation models to capture multi-path effects as well as atmospheric effects in system requirements analysis. One such model, the Variable Terrain Electromagnetic Parabolic Equation (VTRPE) model, enables the required analysis for a wide range of applications. The work presented in this paper uses VTRPE to analyze signal propagation in multi-path environments and places the results in a system design context drawing conclusions to aid in airborne RF systems design.
COMPETITION FOR ATTACHMENT SITES BETWEEN LARVAE OF SIMULIIDAE (DIPTERA)

Many factors have been examined that affect simuliid larval distribution in a stream but little has been published on interspecific competition influencing their distribution. Certain black fly species distribute themselves over a suitable substrate in a regular manner with an open space around each larva. The individuals of these species will strike at others entering within this space resulting in the departure of one or other of the combatants. This establishes a regular pattern of spaced larvae of a certain density, which may be influenced by current velocity, over areas of suitable substrate (Colbo 1979). However, larvae of other species clump without apparent spacing and less readily move when contacted.
Targeting and Data Assimilation Studies during Hurricane Humberto (2001)

Two operational synoptic surveillance missions were conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration into Hurricane Humberto (2001). Forecasts from two leading dynamical hurricane track forecast models were improved substantially during the watch and warning period before a projected landfall by the assimilation of the additional dropwindsonde data. Feasibility tests with a barotropic model suggest that further improvements may be obtained by the use of the ensemble transform Kalman filter for assimilating these additional data into the model. This is the first effort to assimilate data into a hurricane model using the ensemble transform Kalman filter.
El ser sexual en la poesía de Eunice Odio

Describe y analiza los temas y procedimientos discursivos de siete extensos poemas de Eunice Odio, y se detiene en dos aspectos: lo sexual en cuanto asociado al cuerpo como objeto poetico, y la condicion de la conciencia existencial en la naturaleza; asi, el discurso erotico en la poesia pasa a ser un proceso de trasgresion. Odio experimenta con topicos, con alusiones intertextuales y con temas recurrentes que apartan su obra poetica de la poesia convencional amorosa, y la muestran como una notable manifestacion vanguardista. This article describes and analyzes the discourse techniques of seven long poems by Eunice Odio, and emphasizes two particular aspects: sexuality and its relation with the body as a poetic object, and the condition of existential awareness in nature. Thus the erotic discourse in this poetry becomes a process of transgression. Odio experiments with topics, intertextual allusions and recurring themes which set her poems apart from conventional love poetry, and identify her with an outstanding avant-guard perspective.
Breast cancer gene discovery

Many important advances have been made in the past decade in understanding breast cancer at the molecular level, and two important high-penetrance breast cancer genes--BRCA1 and BRCA2--have been identified. However, germline mutations in these two genes are responsible for only a minority (approximately 5%) of all breast carcinomas, and the genes responsible for the majority of breast cancer cases remain to be identified. There is evidence that there are additional high-to-moderate-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes but, given the high degree of molecular heterogeneity in breast carcinomas, it is likely that each of these genes is responsible for only a subset of cases. There are also many candidate low-penetrance breast cancer genes and many more are likely to be identified. In addition to germline, and somatic, sequence alterations, epigenetic changes in many genes are likely to play an important role in the pathobiology of breast cancer. Recently developed genomic technologies and the completion of the human genome sequence provide us with powerful tools to identify novel candidate breast cancer genes that could play an important role in breast tumourigenesis.
Vascular and metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a review:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to start years or decades prior to clinical diagnosis. Overt pathology such as protein misfolding and plaque formation occur at later stages, and factors other than amyloid misfolding contribute to the initiation of the disease. Vascular and metabolic dysfunctions are excellent candidates, as they are well-known features of AD that precede pathology or clinical dementia. While the general notion that vascular and metabolic dysfunctions contribute to the etiology of AD is becoming accepted, recent research suggests novel mechanisms by which these/such processes could possibly contribute to AD pathogenesis. Vascular dysfunction includes reduced cerebrovascular flow and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Indeed, there appears to be an interaction between amyloid β (Aβ) and vascular pathology, where Aβ production and vascular pathology both contribute to and are affected by oxidative stress. One major player in the vascular pathology is NAD(P)H oxidase, which generates vasoactive superoxide. Metabolic dysfunction has only recently regained popularity in relation to its potential role in AD. The role of metabolic dysfunction in AD is supported by the increased epidemiological risk of AD associated with several metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension, in which there is elevated oxidative damage and insulin resistance. Metabolic dysfunction is further implicated in AD as pharmacological inhibition of metabolism exacerbates pathology, and several metabolic enzymes of the glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation pathways are damaged in AD. Recent studies have highlighted the role of insulin resistance, in contributing to AD. Thus, vascular and metabolic dysfunctions are key components in the AD pathology throughout the course of disease. The common denominator between vascular and metabolic dysfunction emerging from this review appears to be oxidative stress and Aβ. This review also provides a framework for evaluation of current and future therapeutics for AD.
Exploiting Entire GSSK Antenna Combinations in MIMO Systems

We propose to improve the spatial efficiency and lower the symbol error rate (SER) of generalized space shift keying (GSSK) modulation through exploiting the entire antenna combinations. Conventional GSSK modulation bridges the binary sequence to the usually non-power-of-two antenna combinations through fixed one-on-one mapping which very often renders a great proportion of antenna combinations unused. In this paper, we design an unequal rate encoding (URE) scheme to exploit entire GSSK antenna combinations with different rate pre-mapping encoders to achieve the spatial efficiency. Without degrading transmission rates, an URE scheme improves SER with low decoding complexity in GSSK MIMO systems.
Genome Sequence of the Microsporidian Species Nematocida sp1 Strain ERTm6 (ATCC PRA-372)

Microsporidia comprise a phylum of obligate intracellular pathogens related to fungi. Microsporidia Nematocida sp1 strain ERTm6 was isolated from wild-caught Caenorhabditis briggsae and causes a lethal intestinal infection in Caenorhabditis nematodes. We report the genome sequence of N. sp1 ERTm6, which will facilitate study of the Nematocida genus and other Microsporidia.
Mercury(II) Fluoride

[7783-39-3] F2Hg (MW 238.59) InChI = 1S/2FH.Hg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = FMSYTQMJOCCCQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L (fluorinating reagent) Alternate Name: mercuric fluoride. Physical Data: mp 645 °C, bp >650 °C, d 8.95 g cm−3. Solubility: hydrolyzes in water; slightly sol MeCN, DMSO. Form Supplied in: white powder. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: turns yellow on exposure to moist air; highly toxic.
24.2 A 2.5GHz 7.7TOPS/W switched-capacitor matrix multiplier with co-designed local memory in 40nm

Matrix multiplication, enabled by multiply-and-accumulate hardware, is ubiquitous in signal processing, computer graphics, machine learning, and optimization. Many important applications with inherent robustness to reduced precision for matrix multiplication, e.g. inference for neural networks [1], can take advantage of analog signal processing for energy efficiency. This work presents a 64-cycle programmable passive Switched-Capacitor Matrix Multiplier (SCMM) with co-designed bitline-less memory. The design exploits 300aF unit fringe capacitors for high speed and low energy charge-domain processing and contains the input DAC, multiply-and-accumulate SAR ADC, and local memory. Two applications of the SCMM are demonstrated: 1) an analog front-end for an image classifier system, which reduces A/D conversions by 21x and multiply-and-accumulate compute energy by 11x over a conventional system, and 2) a co-processing accelerator to solve Stochastic Gradient Descent optimization, which achieves a measured 7.7 TOPS/W at 2.5GHz.
Children and Watergate: Some Neglected Considerations

Abstract Existing theories of political socialization and discussions of the impact of Watergate on children which have been based upon them have over-emphasized affective orientations and have paid comparatively little attention to political cognition. Data are presented which suggest that this has resulted in not only incomplete theories of Watergate's influence on youth but has perpetuated a limited theoretical approach to political socialization. The approach has been consistent with the continuation of educational practices which defeat their own purpose.
A Computer-Based System for Workstation Design and Analysis

The Crew Systems Development Branch of the US Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories is pursuing a system of computer-aided design and evaluation techniques (CADETs) for aircraft crew station development. Composed of individual computer-based human factors design tools and analysis methods, the system's key element is a user-interface module (UIM). The UIM serves as the single user-computer interface, through which all CADETs are accessed, eliminating many of the potential disadvantages normally associated with such an approach (e.g. diverse user backgrounds and varying user familiarity with computers). The CADETs are being implemented in a modular architecture to permit easy upgrade, replacement, or addition of any design tool or analysis technique. These features, and others discussed herein, are being combined to produce a system with numerous desirable attributes including user friendliness and software portability. A powerful, effective CADET system will result, employing computer graphic, analyt...
Knowledge of cancer clinical trials in screened populations

17076 Background/Methods: Previously, we reported results regarding knowledge of cancer clinical trials in men undergoing prostate cancer screening. We administered the same questionnaire to 103 wo...
Food additives use in food in Henan province in 2010

Objective To investigate the actual situation of the use of food additives in food in Henan province in 2010. Methods1 951 samples of 6 kinds were collected from 18 cities in Henan province in 2010 and examined for contents of food additives. The results were evaluated according to the standard of GB2760. Results The average content of aluminum in flour products and puffed food was 115.14mg/kg, and the over-limit rates was 23.33%, of which the over-limit rates of aluminum in flour products was29.51%. The average content of sulfur dioxide in golden mushrooms was 0.15g/kg, the over-limit rates was 16.40%. The average content of nitrite in cooked meat products was 0.59g/kg, the over-limit rates was 28.31%. The average content of sodium cyclamate and saccharin sodium in salted vegetables and roasted seeds and nuts were 0.63g/kg and 0.44g/kg, the over-limit rates were 4.89%and 16.17%. Conclusion The excessive use of food additives is still one of the major food safety problems at present in Henan,especially for nitrite and aluminum. There is an urgent need to strengthen the monitoring and supervision on food safety.
Economic outcomes with anatomical versus functional diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease

A recent study found no improvement with initial use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) versus functional diagnostic testing strategies in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD...
PMHS Restraint and Support Surface Forces in Simulated Frontal Crashes

This paper documents restraint and support surface interaction recorded for eight 50th percentile post mortem human surrogates (PMHS) in 40 km/h, 14 g frontal sled tests. Three-point restraint belt loads and inertially compensated loads and moments for rigid seat, knee bolster, and footrest are reported. This information will facilitate computational modeling of PMHS response and assist in efforts to evaluate the biofidelity of frontal crash dummies.
“…if the Universe Is Beautiful, We’re Part of that Beauty.”—A “Neither Religious nor Spiritual” Biography as Horizontal Transcendence

27-year-old Isabella grew up with her parents on the Eastern Coast of the United Sates. She describes her life as “pretty boring” and “normal.” However ‘boring’ and ‘normal’ her life may have appeared to her, it is the worldview that Isabella takes—and has always had by her count—that draws great interest. Typically, many individuals who currently identify as an ‘atheist ’ also used to identify as ‘religious’ in their youth (Silver, 2013). Isabella stands out in this regard, she has never believed in a god or gods. What Coleman, Silver, and Holcombe (2013) have termed as “religio-spiritual frameworks” played no part in Isabella’s worldview. As this chapter shall demonstrate, Isabella was able to ask questions about life, make sense of her environment, and find meaning and purpose not in the confines of a religious or spiritual worldview, but, in a worldview that retained a similar sense of awe, wonder and meaning in the absence of any spiritual or religious structure—a worldview we term as ‘horizontal transcendence .’ This chapter will situate the role of the Faith Development Interview in the context of the ‘faithless ’ while drawing attention to the role of narrative in horizontal transcendence .
The impact of flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of e-cigarettes with nicotine among young adult smokers.

Abstract Objective Flavored e-cigarette use has risen rapidly, especially among young adults who also smoke cigarettes. We sought to determine whether flavoring enhances the subjective rewarding value, relative reinforcing value, and absolute reinforcing value of an e-cigarette with nicotine compared to an unflavored e-cigarette with nicotine. Methods Using a within-subjects design, young adult smokers (n = 32) participated in three human laboratory sessions. Session 1 evaluated the rewarding value of flavoring by having participants rate unflavored and flavored e‐cigarettes with nicotine. Session 2 assessed the relative reinforcing value of a flavored vs unflavored e‐cigarette via a choice task that evaluated the willingness to “work” to hit targets on a computer screen to earn flavored or unflavored e‐cigarette puffs. Session 3 measured the absolute reinforcing value of flavored versus unflavored e-cigarettes via a 90-min ad-libitum vaping session where puffs from each e-cigarette were counted. Results Subjective reward value was higher for the flavored versus the unflavored e-cigarette (β = 0.83, CI 0.35–1.32, p = 0.001). Participants worked harder for flavored e-cigarette puffs versus unflavored e-cigarette puffs (breakpoint = 5.7; 597 responses versus 127 responses; β = 460.733, CI 246.58–674.88, p Conclusions Flavoring enhances the rewarding and reinforcing value of e-cigarettes with nicotine, and thus their abuse liability in young adult smokers. Further research is necessary to determine whether the use of flavoring in e-cigarettes impacts cigarette smoking behavior among young adults.
Additively manufactured anodes in a relativistic Planar Magnetron

Recent experiments on the UM Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM), have explored the use of 3-D printed components in a HPM system. The system was driven by MELBA-C, a Marx-Abramyan system which delivers a −300 kV voltage pulse for 0.3–1.0 us, with a 0.13–0.31 T axial magnetic field applied by a pair of electromagnets. Anode blocks were printed from Water Shed XC 11122 photopolymer using a stereolithography process, and prepared with either a spray-coated or electroplated finish. Both manufacturing processes were compared against baseline data for a machined aluminum anode, demonstrating improvements in pulsed magnetic field penetration, while maintaining similar performance for power output, oscillation frequency, and mode stability. Residual gas analysis indicated similar outgassing behavior, with a higher incidence of gas spikes for the plastic anodes. With over 100 shots on each 3-D printed structure, there was no evidence of beam-induced degradation.
Lipomatous meningioma: Case report and review of the literature

Lipomatous meningiomas are a very rare form of brain meningiomas consisting of fat accumulation within the tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomographic (CT) imaging can be utilized to visualize the fat accumulations, but histopathologic staining is necessary in order to make a definitive diagnosis. The key histopathologic feature is the identification of adipocyte-like cells within the tumor, but other markers have also been identified. In this case report and review of the literature, we discuss how to recognize the symptoms associated with lipomatous meningiomas and the definitive treatment approach for these rare tumors.
Three-Phase Segmentation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Materials Using Lab Based X-ray Nano-Computed Tomography

Triple-phase boundaries are an important microstructural metric to assess the performance and durability of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes and are known to significantly influence the performance at cell level. In recent years many advancements have been made in the quantification of TPBs including the use of focused ion beam scanning electron microscopes and synchrotron X-ray tomography, although neither technique comes without limitation; the former being destructive and the latter having limited availability. This work demonstrates the first example of the application of lab-based X-ray nano-CT for non-destructive, microstructural characterization of a SOFC electrode, where three-phase segmentation has been achieved. A SOFC anode cermet consisting of nickel and yttria-stabilized zirconia was imaged under X-ray using two fields of view: 64 µm × 64 µm and 16 µm × 16 µm, with compositional data displayed for several samples at the two resolutions. This work highlights the possibility of three-phase segmentation using lab-based equipment allowing non-destructive quantification and mapping of triple-phase boundaries without the need for synchrotron radiation.
Debunking the NCAA's Myth that Amateurism Conforms with Antitrust Law: A Legal and Statistical Analysis

This article provides the first detailed study to show that paying college football players does not decrease fan interest in watching college football – thus, substantially debunking the NCAA’s myth that amateurism conforms to the requirements of antitrust law. Part I of this article details the history of collegiate sports in the United States and the NCAA’s amateurism rules. Part II examines the origins and evolution of the NCAA’s procompetitive presumption defense of amateurism; a legal fiction that presumes consumer interest in amateurism justifies a quasi-antitrust exemption for the NCAA’s “no pay” rules. Part III sets the framework for our empirical study by describing how the Ninth Circuit’s reasoning in O’Bannon v. National Collegiate Athletic Association established the need for an economic investigation into the influence of amateurism on consumer demand for the NCAA’s most popular product, college football. Part IV describes the methods used for the empirical examination in this study and analyzes the results. Finally, Part V concludes with a discussion of the implications drawn from the results of our investigation and explains why the findings in our study disprove the presumption that the consumer demand for college football depends on preservation of regulations that limit athlete compensation.
Traits-based approaches support the conservation relevance of landscape genetics

Calls for evaluating general principles in landscape genetics reflect a broader recognition that multispecies inference is a promising strategy for supporting conservation actions across wide-ranging taxonomies and geographies. Formal evaluation of frameworks for multispecies inference is critical to identify opportunities for generalization and to avoid misguided extrapolation that results in ineffective conservation and management efforts. Traits-based approaches are now widely recognized as useful in addressing knowledge gaps where species-specific data may not be available or feasible to obtain. Here we present a case for the application of traits-based approaches in landscape genetics to improve conservation application. We discuss the fundamental theoretical framework and growing empirical evidence supporting the utility of traits-based approaches in landscape genetics, and we highlight an example of the implementation of traits to predict landscape genetic relationships for a range of aquatic taxa native to the southwestern United States. Finally, we discuss opportunities, challenges, and future directions of using traits to characterize landscape genetic relationships. Ultimately, traits-based approaches can help address growing calls for the development and testing of general principles in landscape genetics in order to improve application to conservation challenges.
Enhancement of Forced Convection Using a Two-Stage Electrohydrodynamic Gas Pump

A two-stage electrohydrodynamic (EHD) gas pump is numerically examined for its potential to enhance forced convection in a square channel. The EHD gas pump with 28 emitting electrodes in each stage...
Electrical Conductivity in Conjugated Polymers

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the electrical conductivity in conjugated polymers. The common electronic feature of pristine (undoped) conducting polymers is the rt-conjugated system, which is formed by the overlap of carbon pz orbitals and alternating carbon–carbon bond of length 5.6y. The chemical repeat units of the pristine forms of several families of conducting and semiconducting polymers—that is, trans-polyacetylene [t-(CH)], the leucoemeraldine base (LEB), emeraldine base (EB), and pernigraniline base (PNB) form of polyaniline (PAN), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PT), poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), and poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)—are illustrated in the chapter. The conductivities of the pristine electronic polymers are transformed from insulating to conducting through doping. Intrinsically conducting polymers are promising materials for shielding electromagnetic (EM) radiation and reducing or eliminating EM interference (EMI) because of their relatively high CJ and E and their ease of control through chemical processing. Intrinsically conductive polymers, especially polyanilines, can be used in the welding of thermoplastics and thermosets.
Development of Matlab Algorithm to Process Pressure Waveforms from Isolated Perfused Heart Experiments

The Langendorff isolated heart preparation allows for the collection of pressure waveforms in animal heart specimens. The data obtained provides information on physiological parameters such as left ventricular systolic pressure, rate of contractility, rate of relaxation, heart rate, and aortic pressure. Processing this data allows researchers to assess and monitor heart function in a close-to-physiological environment, but data processing may be time-consuming. Commercial software packages are available to process the data collected from the isolated heart experiment, but these packages are expensive and may not be adaptable to the exact application that researchers need. Our group has developed an easily customizable Matlab algorithm which includes a graphical user interface for intuitive processing. The algorithm reads text files containing raw aortic and left ventricular pressure data. From this information, it extracts and plots values for maximum dP/dt, minimum dP/dt, peak left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), mean time from LVEDP to LVSP, heart rate, and mean aortic pressure. The output information includes the standard deviation of the measurements. The input of the algorithm can vary from one to multiple files of data at a time, which allows for comparison of data collected at different time intervals in the experiment. This feature is very useful to monitor the progression of heart function during the experiment and the reproducibility of the experiments. The applicability of the algorithm is beyond the isolated heart experiment, because it could be modified for use in any application that requires processing of pressure waveforms.
Social, ethical and legal issues of data mining

This chapter highlights both the positive and negative aspects of Data Mining (DM). Specifically, the social ethical, and legal implications of DM are examined through recent case law, current public opinion, and small industry-specific examples. There are many issues concerning this topic. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to expose the reader to some of the more interesting ones and provide insight into how information systems (IS) professionals and businesses may protect themselves from the negative ramifications associated with improper use of data. The more experience with and exposure to social ethical and legal concerns with respect to DM, the better prepared you will be to prevent trouble down the road.