cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
StratBAM: A Discrete-Event Simulation Model to Support Strategic Hospital Bed Capacity Decisions

The ability to accurately measure and assess current and potential health care system capacities is an issue of local and national significance. Recent joint statements by the Institute of Medicine and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality have emphasized the need to apply industrial and systems engineering principles to improving health care quality and patient safety outcomes. To address this need, a decision support tool was developed for planning and budgeting of current and future bed capacity, and evaluating potential process improvement efforts. The Strategic Bed Analysis Model (StratBAM) is a discrete-event simulation model created after a thorough analysis of patient flow and data from Geisinger Health System's (GHS) electronic health records. Key inputs include: timing, quantity and category of patient arrivals and discharges; unit-level length of care; patient paths; and projected patient volume and length of stay. Key outputs include: admission wait time by arrival source and receiving unit, and occupancy rates. Electronic health records were used to estimate parameters for probability distributions and to build empirical distributions for unit-level length of care and for patient paths. Validation of the simulation model against GHS operational data confirmed its ability to model real-world data consistently and accurately. StratBAM was successfully used to evaluate the system impact of forecasted patient volumes and length of stay in terms of patient wait times, occupancy rates, and cost. The model is generalizable and can be appropriately scaled for larger and smaller health care settings.
Uses and Products of Yeasts and Yeastlike Fungi

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the uses and products of yeasts and yeastlike fungi. Removal of carbohydrate is a major step in the isolation of many products from natural sources. Such is the case in the preparation of bioflavonoids, used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations. From citrus molasses, a by-product of the citrus fruit-canning industry, which contains up to 40% reducing sugars, bioflavonoids can be precipitated as heavy metal complexes. However, there are objections to this procedure from the standpoint of handling problems, economic considerations, and quality of the bioflavonoids. Removal of paraffin and waxes, and the removal of biotin are the essential steps discussed in the chapter. Products of yeast metabolism include food yeast and factor 3, amino acids, polyols, lipids, glycolipids and sphingolipids, and sugar and polysaccharides.
Syntactic graphs: a representation for the union of all ambiguous parse trees

In this paper, we present a new method of representing the surface syntactic structure of a sentence. Trees have usually been used in linguistics and natural language processing to represent syntactic structures of a sentence. A tree structure shows only one possible syntactic parse of a sentence, but in order to choose a correct parse, we need to examine all possible tree structures one by one. Syntactic graph representation makes it possible to represent all possible surface syntactic relations in one directed graph (DG). Since a syntactic graph is expressed in terms of a set of triples, higher level semantic processes can access any part of the graph directly without navigating the whole structure. Furthermore, since a syntactic graph represents the union of all possible syntactic readings of a sentence, it is fairly easy to focus on the syntactically ambiguous points. In this paper, we introduce the basic idea of syntactic graph representation and discuss its various properties. We claim that a syntactic graph carries complete syntactic information provided by a parse forest---the set of all possible parse trees.
A Temporal Simulator for Developing Turn-Taking Methods for Spoken Dialogue Systems

Developing sophisticated turn-taking behavior is necessary for next-generation dialogue systems. However, incorporating real users into the development cycle is expensive and current simulation techniques are inadequate. As a foundation for advancing turn-taking behavior, we present a temporal simulator that models the interaction between the user and the system, including speech, voice activity detection, and incremental speech recognition. We describe the details of the simulator and demonstrate it on a sample domain.
Újszülöttkorban és később végzett primer artériás switchműtétek eredményei egy újonnan létrehozott, átfogó congenitalis szívközpontban

Absztrakt Bevezetes: Az ujszulottkori komplett nagyer-transzpozicio anatomiai korrekciojanak (arterias switchműtet) eredmenyei egy adott ellatas sebeszi minősegenek indikatorai. Celkitűzes: A betegcsoportok elemzese, az arterias switchműtetek parametereinek es eredmenyeinek vizsgalata es elhelyezese az ellatasban. Modszer: A szerzők uj, teljes korű congenitalis szivellatast hoztak letre, amelyben az ujszulottkori primer korrekciora helyeztek a hangsulyt. A nagyer-transzpozicios betegeket ket csoportba soroltak a kamrai sovenyhiany meglete alapjan. A tarsulo anomaliakat (peldaul aortaiv-hypoplasia) az anatomiai korrekcioval egy ulesben kezeltek. Az ujszulottkor utan jelentkező betegseget mechanikus keringestamogatassal kezeltek a posztoperativ szakban. Eredmenyek: 2007–2014 kozott 118 arterias switchműtetet vegeztek, 96,62%-os tulelessel. Kamrai sovenyhiany tarsulasa nem rontotta a morbiditast-mortalitast. A bal kamra ujraedzeset segitő mechanikus keringestamogatas sikeres, es atlagosan 4,5±1,5 nap volt. K...
Anatomy of a 10 km scale sheath fold, Mount Hay ridge, Arunta Region, central Australia: The structural record of deep crustal flow

[1] Mount Hay ridge, Arunta Region, central Australia, exposes a 10 km scale, antiformal sheath fold formed in the deep crust (P ≈ 0.6–0.9 GPa) in Proterozoic time. Tilting and exhumation during the Devonian Alice Springs orogeny resulted in an oblique cross section, such that the once subhorizontal sheath fold now has a moderately dipping, gently folded axial plane and overturned southern limb. Fabric types (e.g., S = L, L > S) were mapped in the field, and finite strain data were collected from a widely distributed gabbroic granulite unit. Fabric and finite strain data sets exhibit remarkable correspondence and confirm the common assumption that fabric type is directly related to finite strain type for deep crustal rocks. Both data sets reveal a distinct pattern of oblate strain on fold limbs grading into prolate strain in the fold hinge. There is no field evidence for significant strain localization, and measured strain magnitudes are consistent across the fold. Thus, we infer that different structural domains record different though coeval strain paths and that strain compatibility was maintained across domain boundaries. The uniformity of foliation, lineation, and mesoscale fold orientations across Mount Hay and the consistent magnitude of maximum stretch across structural domains indicate that the sheath fold and subsidiary structures formed during a single, progressive deformational event. Based on its geometry, the inferred scale of the enclosing shear zone (≥8 km in thickness), and regional tectonic correlations, we infer that the Mount Hay sheath fold formed in a subhorizontal, crustal-scale flow zone during the Paleoproterozoic Strangways orogeny (1740–1690 Ma). The record of deformation is consistent with fold formation either on one side of a channel or through detachment flow.
A mutator factor in a strain of Drosophila melanogaster: identified by use of mutation, reversion rates and male recombination.

A set of 1,000 "mutation accumulation" lines of Drosophila melanogaster, which originated from two different wild-type, lethal-bearing second chromosomes (Yamaguchi and Mukai 1974; Mukai and Cockerham 1977), was examined for evidence of a mutator factor by using the occurrence of recessive visible mutations and male recombination to identify its presence. The 1,000 lines were screened at approximately generation 240 for the presence of recessive visible mutations at twelve loci, by outcrossing to a balanced multiply marked second chromosome stock (Muller's "12ple" Bowling Green). Twenty-three lines were found to carry a visible mutation at one of the loci. Seventeen of these lines carried a mutation of either the dp or the vg locus. Mutations found in three lines, two at the dp locus and one at the vg locus, demonstrated instability as revertants to the wild type and were recovered and verified in these three cases. The three revertant lines, and three lines showing no reversion, were tested for their ability to induce male recombination. Male recombination was observed in the three lines in which revertants were recovered. Male and female sterility assays indicated conclusively that these "hybrid dysgenic" characteristics could not be used to identify lines potentially carrying mutator factors, whereas the consistent ability of the lines to induce high rates of reversion and male recombination was successful in determining that the "mutation accumulation lines" do possess mutator factors.
Host acceptance behavior of the red pine cone beetle (Conophthorus resinosae)

Adult female red pine cone beetles (Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins) (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) left cones of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) more readily than cones of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in the first 3 min after being placed on cones. Slices of white pine cones, however, did not elicit different beetle behavior than slices of red pine cones. Beetles bored into white pine as readily as into red pine. We conclude that beetles initially reject white pine due to structural traits, but eventually accept it during prolonged exposure and may utilize white pine in nature. RESUME Comportement determinant l'acceptation de l'hote chez Conophthorus resinosae C. resinosae Hopkins (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) s'alimente et pond sur les cones de Pinus resinosa Ait.; il detruit souvent plus de la moitie des graines du pin dans la region des grands lacs aux USA. Cette espece et les autres Conophthorus sont consideres comme des specialistes tres specifiques. Nous avons voulu verifier que les femelles de C. resinosae acceptent plus facilement comme hotes les cones de P. resinosae que ceux de P. strobus L. Au laboratoire, les scolytes ont abandonne les cones de P. strobus plus rapidement que ceux de P. resinosae, au cours des 3 minutes qui ont suivi leur depot sur les cones. Cependant des rondelles de P. resinosae n'ont pas ete plus stimulantes que celles de P. strobus; les scolytes n'ont pas fore plus rapidement, ni n'ont plus sejourne sur P. resinosae que sur P. strobus au cours de 1, 2 ou 24 heures de l'experience. Nous en concluons que les scolytes rejettent de prime abord P. strobus pour ses caracteres structuraux, mais qu'ils l'acceptent eventuellement pendant expositions prolongees et peuvent le consommer dans la nature.
A parasite exposed

Malaria Immunology. Edited by P. Perlmann and H. Wigzell. Karger: 1988. Pp. 372. SwFr.262, £119.10, $174.75.
Room-temperature water adsorption on the Si(100) surface examined by UPS, XPS, and static SIMS

Abstract The adsorption of water on the reconstructed Si(100)-(2 x 1) surface at room temperature is studied using an integrated multi-technique approach. UPS, XPS, and static SIMS surface examination in a variable temperature mode of experimentation indicates dissociative adsorption of water to hydroxyl (OH) and hydride (H) groups saturating the single dangling bonds on adjacent dimer-pair Si atoms of the reconstructed surface. No evidence of molecular water is found . Upon heating the surface the hydroxyl decomposes to bridge-bonded oxygen (Si-O-Si) and additional silicon hydride groups. This is complete at ≈400°C. Above 400°C the surface loses hydrogen, presumably as H 2 , and above 600°C the substoichiometric silicon oxide sublimes as SiO to return to the clean, reconstructed surface. The chemical state of oxygen on the surface is monitored as a function of temperature through the use of a Δ parameter (Δ = binding energy O(1s) - binding energy Si(2p)). These results are consistent with experimental evidence and surface chemistry first proposed by others. Assignment of the observed DOS features is made by comparison of the experimental DOS spectra to calculations for the system and for system analogs (SiOH radical, oxygen-saturated Si surface, hydrogen-saturated Si surface), and to another hydroxyl system (NaOH). Four major features of the saturated hydroxyl/hydride surface are found : 5 eV Si-H bond , Sisp 3 + H1s character; 6.4 eV O 2p lone pair , π symmetry nonbonding orbital; 7.6 eV O-H bond , O 2p + H1s character, σ symmetry; 11.9 eV Si-OH bond , sp 3 + O 2p character (binding energies relative to the Fermi level).
Comparison of fine-needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy for diagnosis of breast cancer.

Both fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and core biopsy are useful in the diagnosis of breast cancer. In order to compare the sensitivities of these procedures, we reviewed 209 patients with breast cancer who had either FNA, core biopsy, or both, and also either mastectomy or lumpectomy. Sensitivities for FNA and core biopsies for diagnosing breast cancer were calculated and compared. Sensitivity for FNA or core biopsies interpreted as either atypical or malignant was 93.8% for FNA and 90.1% for core biopsy (P > 0.05). Sensitivity for FNA or core biopsies interpreted as malignant was 65.4% for FNA and 88.7% for core biopsy (P 0.05). Sensitivities of FNA interpreted as malignant were 75.8% for FNA by pathologists and 20.0% for FNA by nonpathologists (P < 0.00001). Both FNA and core biopsies are sensitive procedures for the detection of breast cancer. There was no significant difference between sensitivity of FNA and core biopsies interpreted as either atypia or malignancy, although the sensitivity of core biopsies interpreted as unequivocal malignancy was greater than that of FNA. FNAs performed by pathologists were more sensitive than FNAs performed by nonpathologists in making an unequivocal diagnosis of breast cancer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:421–425, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Role of Comparative Morphology and Anatomy in Interpreting the Systematics of Fossil Gymnosperms

This paper is an analysis of the systematics and phylogeny of gymnosperms as recently proposed by Meyen (Bot. Rev.50(1): 1–111. 1984). Attention is focused on the philosophical approach and on the fundamental concepts that frame the systematic scheme. Morphological interpretations are examined in relation to the concept of homology, and criteria employed for the recognition of whole plants from fossil evidence are evaluated. An examination of fossils from Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous strata reveals that only the ovules and ovulate fructifications constitute unequivocal evidence for gymnosperms in these strata. Such examination also reveals that they all can be interpreted as conforming to the same basic structure. If true, there is no evidence for more than one major group of gymnosperms in Devonian and Lower Carboniferous strata. Although many conclusions of Meyen are not accepted, his work plays a valuable role in focusing attention on important, unresolved questions of gymnosperm systematics, and provides a poignant stimulus for the proposal of alternative hypotheses.
Consciousness and Identity: Who Do We Think We Are?

Abstract This article proposes that the epistemological concerns raised by the inherent incoherence of thought requires a dialogical approach to understanding consciousness and identity. It is argued that such an approach leads to (a) a fundamentally spiritual view of self, (b) a radical view of consciousness as a non-local field that shapes the limits of our perception, and (c) a determination of the degree of gap between reality and thought's representation of it. A method of measuring this kind of consciousness is examined, and examples of insights gained through this methodology are provided. Implications of this perspective are explored, and conclusions arising from this inquiry are presented.
In vitro synthesis of primary specific anti-breast cancer antibodies by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

In this study, we developed a unique in vitro model to mimic the endogenous tumor microenvironment to understand the effect of immunotherapy with activated T-cells (ATC) armed with anti-CD3 × anti-Her2 bispecific antibody (aATC) on antibody response by naive immune cells. This model contained a co-culture of naive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3), ATC or aATC and CpG ODNs. Culture supernatants were tested at various time points for anti-SK-BR-3 antibodies by ELISA, Western blot and flow cytometry. PBMC cocultured with non-irradiated aATC or irradiated (*) aATC showed significant increases in anti-tumor antibody production at day 14 (P < 0.0001) in the presence of CpG-ODN compared to unstimulated PBMC cultures (n = 9). Antibody specificity was confirmed by ELISA, Western blot and flow cytometry. Co-cultures containing *aATC and CpG showed significantly enhanced levels of IgG2 (P < 0.001) and cytokines that promote IgG2 synthesis including IL-13 (P < 0.02), IFNγ (P < 0.01) and GM-CSF (P < 0.05) compared to unstimulated PBMC control (n = 3). We show that aATC targeting and lysis of tumor cells induces an anti-tumor antibody response in our in vitro model. This model provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the interactions of T-cells, B-cells, and antigen-presenting cells leading to specific anti-tumor antibody responses.
MTBE in California's Drinking Water: A Comparison of Groundwater Versus Surface Water Sources

During the last decade, the fuel oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has received widespread attention as a potential threat to water quality, primarily due to leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and watercraft with two-stroke engines. In this article, we examine the annual detection frequency, number of new source detections, and concentration of MTBE detected in California's public drinking water groundwater and surface water sources from 1995 to 2002. This work builds on our previous evaluations of California's water quality monitoring database. However, it is unique in that it includes separate evaluations for groundwater and surface water sources that are of greatest concern to regulators, and which are likely being used for current public consumption. Our evaluations also include full-year data for 2002 (which have not been published previously) and an analysis of how the sampling and reported detections of MTBE vary by geographic location. We find that MTBE was generally detected (a...
From Large-Scale Systems to System of Systems – Control Challenges for the 21st Century1

Abstract This Paper builds a case that large-scale systems (LSS) are the building blocks of system of systems (SoS). LSS have high dimensions, nonlinear interconnections, time delays and stochastic plant parameters, that can be decomposed into subsystems or their constituencies are not centrally together. LSS can be integrated to form a SoS. This new class of systems has created new challenges for systems engineering (SE) to extend theoretical foundations to SoS Engineering. A key issue control will be discussed here.
Indigenous Knowledge, Education and Ethnic Identity: An Ethnography of an Intercultural Bilingual Education Program in a Mapuche School in Chile. Patricio Ortíz

, “intelectual organico” mapuche cuyo rol social es el deser depositario del kimun. El libro de Patricio Ortiz explora la forma en queese conocimiento, no codificado, es integrado al sistema escolar por mediode la implementacion de una intervencion educativa enmarcada en el mode-lo intercultural. El libro, disponible solo en ingles, es el resultado parcial deuna investigacion doctoral en la Universidad de Texas en Austin y se es-tructura en siete capitulos –el primero de introduccion y el ultimo de con-clusiones–, a traves de los cuales el autor establece un “dialogo reflexivo”entre fuentes burocraticas, historicas y la realidad empirica. El libro es ricoen descripciones que combinan, en una escritura bien elaborada, la expe-riencia etnografica del autor con fuentes escritas y orales, lo que permite allector no solo adentrarse en el paisaje cultural de un grupo humano, sinoque ante todo comprender la complejidad de la vida social en una comuni-dad indigena del siglo XXI.Mediante la aplicacion del metodo etnografico, enfocado en un Pro-grama de Educacion Intercultural Bilingue (PEIB) en una escuela basica dela localidad de Piedra Alta en el Area de Desarrollo Indigena (ADI) del LagoBudi, IX Region de La Araucania, el area con mayor concentracion de po-blacion mapuche de Chile, el autor busca determinar ?cuales son lasimplicaciones para un efectivo aprendizaje cuando un PEIB incorpora a lapractica docente a la figura del
Peroxidases in tobacco abscission zone tissue. III. Ultrastructural localization in thylakoids and membrane-bound bodies of chloroplasts.

Diaminobenzidine (DAB) was used in the ultrastructural localization of oxidized DAB reactive sites in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum flower pedicel abscission zone tissue. The chloroplast thylakoids and membrane-bound body, in light-incubated tissue, at pH 9.0, show evidence of DAB reactive sites. Tissue preincubated in 0.02 M potassium cyanide, prior to incubation in DAB medium containing the inhibitor, show a marked decrease in DAB staining in both the thylakoids and membrane-bound body of the chloroplast. However, tissue incubated in DAB medium containing 0.02 M 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a catalase inhibitor, reveals no inhibition of DAB staining in either the chloroplast thylakoids or membrane-bound body. Control tissue incubated in DAB medium without H2O2 or in complete medium without DAB, demonstrate an absence of DAB oxidation product in both the chloroplast thylakoids and membrane-bound body. However, tissue incubated in DAB medium at pH 6.0 have DAB staining only in the mitochondrial membranes, due to cytochrome c, with no DAB staining evident in the chloroplast thylakoids and membrane-bound body. It is suggested that the chloroplast thylakoid staining is due to the photo-oxidation of DAB, whereas the DAB reaction product in the membrane-bound body indicates peroxidase localization. These findings are discussed in terms of the possible involvement of the chloroplast membrane-bound body in thylakoid formation, photosystems, and protein storage.
Steady-states for shear flows of a liquid-crystal model: Multiplicity, stability, and hysteresis

Abstract In this work, we study shear flows of a fluid layer between two solid blocks via a liquid-crystal type model proposed in [C.H.A. Cheng, L.H. Kellogg, S. Shkoller, D.L. Turcotte, A liquid-crystal model for friction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 21 (2007) 1–5] for an understanding of frictions. A characterization on the existence and multiplicity of steady-states is provided. Stability issue of the steady-states is examined mainly focusing on bifurcations of zero eigenvalues. The stability result suggests that this simple model exhibits hysteresis, and it is supported by a numerical simulation.
Radioisotope dilution and its application to the radioassay of Ce144

Abstract An added radioisotope offers certain unique advantages in comparison to added stable isotopes for radiochemical analysis by isotope dilution. The radioisotope method is limited, however, by mutual interference which may occur in the detection of the two radioisotopes. General equations are presented relating the final result and its precision to the extent of this interference and to the isotope ratio employed. A graphical representation allows one to estimate the precision with which the isotope ratio may be determined and the range of ratios which may be utilized. The method was applied to the analysis of Ce 144 , using Ce 139 as the “diluting” radioisotope. The effects of chemical yield (varying by a factor of 5) and isotope ratio (varying by a factor of 500) were experimentally evaluated. Consistent results were obtained in the analysis of a vegetable sample distributed for international comparison by the International Atomic Energy Agency, using γ-ray spectroscopy (on the entire sample) and by radioisotope dilution.
Transition-edge sensor arrays for UV-optical-IR astrophysics

Abstract Our research group has developed and characterized transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays for near IR-optical-near UV astrophysical observations. These detectors have a time-stamp accuracy of 0.3 μ s and an energy resolution of 0.16 eV for 2.33 eV photons at very high rates (30 kHz). We have installed a 6 × 6 array of these TESs in an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator equipped with windows for direct imaging. We discuss new instrumentation progress and current data in all aspects related to successful operation of this camera system, including: detector and array performance, position dependence and cross-talk, low-temperature and readout electronics, quantum and system efficiency, IR filtering, and focus and imaging.
Response to "comments on 'breast striae after cosmetic augmentation'".

Thank you very much for your comments on our paper.1 We absolutely agree with you that “a potentially significant hormonal imbalance is paramount in the development of striae distensae.” We recently performed a study on young women undergoing breast reduction. We found a statistically significant increased incidence of wound problems in women who had their surgery in the postovulatory period compared with women who …
Growth and hemolymph trehalose levels of Heliothis zea larvae fed diets containing various sugars

Abstract 1. 1. The amount of sugar required for growth of Heliothis zea larvae on a chemically defined diet was determined. 2. 2. Larvae grew well on fructose, galactose, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose diets but not on diets containing more than 0.5% glucose. 3. 3. A starch diet did not promote rapid larval growth. 4. 4. Hemolymph trehalose levels in 12-day-old larvae ranged from none to 45μmoles/ml. 5. 5. A method for analysis of hemolymph trehalose by gas chromatography is described.
Stress-induced hypocortisolemia diagnosed as psychiatric disorders responsive to hydrocortisone replacement.

In patients of all ages, many disorders labeled as psychiatric may ac- tually be due to hormonal insufficiencies. For example, cortisol deficiency is rare- ly taken into account in a medical or psychiatric work-up, so persons with mild to moderate cortisol insufficiency are for the most part relegated to receiving a psychiatric diagnosis when, in fact, the same disorder is represented. However, the symptoms of cortisol insufficiency appear to closely parallel such psychiatric disorders as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and addictions. There has been some question of whether substance abuse causes a hypocortisolemic state. In reviewing the literature and obtaining detailed histories of addicted patients, it appears that childhood trauma, also known as "early life stress" (ELS), instead may elicit a hypocortisolemic state. This leads some to self-medicate with an ad- dictive substance to quell the pain of a cortisol insufficiency, both physical and emotional. In fact, the literature supports the concept that addictive substances increase cortisol in predisposed patients. Patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders including addictions were found to have signs and symptoms of mild or moderate hypocortisolemia. Generally, an appropriate comprehensive examina- tion supported a diagnosis of cortisol insuffiency. For the most part, these pa- tients were succesfully treated with physiologic doses of bio-equivalent hydrocortisone, along with replacement of any other deficient hormone. By cor- recting underlying hormonal insufficiencies, many patients improved, with some patients having a total reversal of psychiatric symptoms. It is therefore reason- able to evaluate and treat hormonal insufficiencies with hormones prior to using psychotropic medication.
MAKING OPPOSITIONAL CULTURE, MAKING STANDPOINT: A JOURNEY INTO GLORIA ANZALDÚA'S BORDERLANDS

ABSTRACT The theory of oppositional culture, as discussed by Bonnie Mitchell and Joe Feagin (1995), suggests that African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans draw on their own cultural resources to resist domination. Patricia Hill Collins suggests that Black women develop a unique vision of the social world based on their position within a matrix of domination that organizes intersecting oppressions of race, class, and gender, among others. Expression of this unique vision or standpoint, however, is rendered problematic within a matrix of domination organized via four domains of power—the structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal (Collins 2000). This article suggests that Gloria Anzaldua's writing—her storytelling, narratives, and poetry—is a significant form of oppositional culture and contributes to the achievement of a Chicana feminist standpoint within a matrix of domination as Anzaldua shares tales of living in the borderlands. The paper provides a brief analysis of Anzald...
Disulfiram-ethanol reaction in the rat. 1. Blood alcohol, acetaldehyde, and liver aldehyde dehydrogenase relationships.

Studies were carried out to determine whether the disuifiram-ethanol reaction (DER) in the rat could be correlated with blood acetaldehyde, ethanol, and liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALOH) inhibition. Both hypothermia and hypotension were used as indices of the DER. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given disulfiram (DSF) (100 mg/ kg, i.p.) and low and high liver ALDH determined. No effect on high Km ALOH was found. Inhibition of low K. ALOH was dependent on DSF pretreatment time, with significant inhibition observed at 6, 8, and 12 hr following DSF. in rats receiving ethanol only, maximal blood ethanol was reached within 120 min. Blood acetaldehyde was almost undetectable. No change in rat core temperature was observed. In rats pretreated with DSF (100 mg/kg, i.p.) 8 hr before ethanol challenge (1 g/kg, i.p.), a marked increase in Mood acetaldehyde was found and remained elevated throughout the temperature and blood pressure monitoring period. Blood ethanol reached a maximum within 90 min and then declined. Maximal hypothermia and hypotension occurred 120 min after ethanol. The administration of the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 60 mm before ethanol challenge, attenuated the hypothermia and hypotension. Pimozide was effective when given either 60 min before ethanol or 30 min after ethanol. The onset and duration of hypothermia and hypotension during the DER appears to follow the rise and faU of blood ethanol but not blood acetaldehyde. It is concluded that in the rat, although DSF inhibited low Km ALDH and increased blood acetaldehyde, the severity of the DER was not related to Mood acetaldehyde, but appears to temporally correlate with Mood ethanol, and that brain dopamine and the dopamine receptor may be implicated in the DER.
Commentary on the Linkages Between Conceptual Frameworks and Theory Development in Sociology

(1980). Commentary on the Linkages Between Conceptual Frameworks and Theory Development in Sociology. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 443-453.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischemia with normal coronary arteries

The case reported herein illustrates an unusual form of nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which was associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, myocardial ischemia and necrosis despite normal coronary arteries. The patient is unique since the hypertrophied myocardial segment was localized exclusively to the posterolateral free wall. Quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy demonstrated reversible ischemia that corresponded precisely with this region of posterolateral hypertrophy. While the exact mechanism for ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and normal coronary arteries remains controversial, a functional rather than anatomic disturbance of blood flow seems likely.
New Data on Vermiculite

Hydrothermal techniques have been used to study the stability and transformations in vermiculite. Partial dehydration occurs first at 550° C and completely nonexpanding structures are obtained first at 650° C at 1,000 atmospheres water pressure. Above 350° C (and rapidly near 400° C) a transformation of the vermiculite to a “chlorite-like” phase takes place under these hydrothermal conditions. The new phase shows reactions similar to those of “chlorite” and unlike those of vermiculite with respect to DTA patterns, dry heating, etc. Vermiculite appears to be a metastable phase throughout the temperature range. These data set definite limits on the mode of genesis of vermiculite. The question of treating vermiculite as a montmorillonite is discussed in the light of the properties of very fine fractions of vermiculite.
Modeling the atomic structure of amorphous steels using crystalline approximants

Using the pair density function analysis of pulsed neutron diffraction data, the local topology of Fe-based metallic glasses with good glass forming ability was investigated upon alloying with transition metal ions of Y, Zr, or Mo. Distinct short and medium range atomic order with common characteristics in all the glasses is observed. The local order is well described by a geometrical model constructed from superposition of 'crystalline approximant' phases which is different from Frank-Kasper polyhedra clustering or dense random packing models. The mechanism responsible for the structure in the glass phase might involve a frustration-induced structural disorder of the crystalline approximant phases as they are driven away from stable stoichiometric compositions.
SOLITARY WAVES IN COMPRESSIBLE, STRATIFIED FLUIDS.

A solitary wave is found in a stratified, compressible fluid in a uniform gravity field. This wave depends for its existence on the compressibility of the medium no matter how small, although the speed of propagation is of the order of an internal gravity wave. The analytical discussion is carried out most fully for small compressibility. Another case, more appropriate for atmospheric problems, is solved by a numerical approach. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1966.tb01447.x
Plutonium disproportionation: Remark on species distributions

Balanced disproportionation equations indicate phenomena not predicted by the traditional, two-reaction-product equations. This communication illustrates unanticipated maxima in oxidation state distributions and suggests that they might be useful for characterizing alpha coefficients in aqueous solutions.
Research Article: Effects of ecologically relevant doses of malathion on developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Abstract Amphibian declines have been occurring for decades, and some of these declines are attributed to environmental contaminants. In this experiment, we examined the effects of ecologically-relevant concentrations of a common organophosphate insecticide, malathion, on developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Two-week-old Xenopus laevis tadpoles were divided into four experimental groups, each with a sample size of ten tadpoles: control (water), 1.0 ng/L malathion, 1.0 μg/L malathion, and 1.0 mg/L malathion. During their 30-day exposure to malathion, tadpoles in the 1.0 mg/L malathion displayed bent tails (p<0.001), unusual swimming behavior, and a higher mortality rate (p<0.001) when compared to the control group. Future experiments should examine the exact etiology of malathion-induced bent tails in Xenopus laevis.
Adenylyl cyclase regulates signal onset via the inhibitory GTP-binding protein, Gi

Adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP, is regulated by its stimulatory and inhibitory GTP-binding proteins, G(s) and G(i), respectively. Recently, we demonstrated that besides catalyzing the synthesis of cAMP, type V adenylyl cyclase (ACV) can act as a GTPase-activating protein for Galpha(s) and also enhance the ability of activated receptors to stimulate GTP-GDP exchange on heterotrimeric G(s) (Scholich, K., Mullenix, J. B., Wittpoth, C., Poppleton, H. M., Pierre, S. C., Lindorfer, M. A., Garrison, J. C., and Patel, T. B. (1999) Science 283, 1328-1331). This latter action of ACV would facilitate the rapid onset of signaling via G(s). Because the C1 region of ACV interacts with the inhibitory GTP-binding protein Galpha(i), we investigated whether the receptor-mediated activation of heterotrimeric G(i) was also regulated by ACV and its subdomains. Our data show that ACV and its C1 domain increased the ability of a muscarinic receptor mimetic peptide (MIII-4) to enhance activation of heterotrimeric G(i) such that the amount of peptide required to stimulate G(i) in steady-state GTPase activity assays was 3-4 orders of magnitude less than without the C1 domain. Additionally, the MIII-4-mediated binding of guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) to G(i) was also markedly increased in the presence of ACV or its C1 domain. In contrast, the C2 domain of ACV was not able to alter either the GTPase activity or the GTPgammaS binding to G(i) in the presence of MIII-4. Furthermore, in adenylyl cyclase assays employing S49 cyc(-) cell membranes, the C1 (but not the C2) domain of ACV enhanced the ability of peptide MIII-4 as well as endogenous somatostatin receptors to activate endogenous G(i) and to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. These data demonstrate that adenylyl cyclase and its C1 domain facilitate receptor-mediated activation of G(i).
Scientists need a shorter path to research freedom

Francis Collins explains why the NIH is launching a bid to help some doctoral students dramatically reduce the time required to start an independent career.
Comparative in vitro Study of Various Sulfanilamide Derivatives on Typhoid-Dysentery Organisms.

ConclusionsThe effect of sulfathiazole, sulfamethylthiazole, sulfapyridine and sulfanilamide in concentrations of 10 mg per 100 cc on large and small inocula of E. typhosa, S. paratyphi, S. schottmuelleri, Shigella dysenteries, Shigella paradysenterice and Shigella sonnei in veal infusion peptone broth, urine and blood was studied. It was found that sulfanilamide had little bacteriostatic effect in broth cultures, whereas, if a small inoculum is used, sulfathiazole, sulfamethylthiazole and sulfapyridine showed a bacteriostatic action. In urine and blood, sulfanilamide usually caused some inhibition of growth. The action of sulfathiazole, sulfamethylthiazole and sulfapyridine in urine and blood was not only bacteriostatic but was often bactericidal. Sulfathiazole was only slightly superior to sulfamethylthiazole and sulfapyridine when urine and blood were used as media.Of the 6 organisms studied, S. paradysenteriae (Flexner) appears to be most susceptible to the action of the sulfonamide drugs. No further c...
The Effectiveness of Public Health Nursing Services to Prenatal Clients: An Integrated Review

The effectiveness of public health nursing interventions with prenatal clients was summarized from 17 studies, conducted between 1963 and 1988, that were identified through a comprehensive reference search. The review indicated that public health nursing interventions can increase birthweight, and the use of prenatal medical services, nutritional services, and childbirth classes. Because of methodological problems, however, it is difficult to conclude with certainty that such interventions make a significant difference in client outcomes. These problems included lack of construct validity, lack of specification of interventions, small convenience samples, lack of power to detect small treatment effects, nonexperimental research designs, lack of reliability information, and self-selection and history biases. To overcome these problems, the authors suggest the use of conceptual frameworks, power calculations prior to initiation of research, experimental or quasiexperimental designs, replication of research with different populations, and the calculation and reporting of reliability information.
Photacoustic Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

Photoacoustic FT-IR spectra recorded using a new photoacoustic cell are described. The study of the photoacoustic spectra of cast films of Plexiglas of different thicknesses shows that the depth of penetration of the FT-IR photoacoustic experiments is of the order of a few micrometers and that photoacoustic saturation effects play a key role in the qualitative appearance of the spectra. These differences can be misinterpreted as due to structural changes in different layers of the sample.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Understanding perspectives on sex-selection in India: an intersectional study

Abstract Background Sex-selective abortion results in fewer girls than boys in India (914 girls:1000 boys). To understand perspectives about who is responsible for sex-selective abortion, our aim was to focus on narratives of vastly diverse stakeholders in Indian society. Methods The qualitative study was undertaken in urban sectors of six northwestern Indian states. Ethnographic unstructured, conversation-style interviews with randomly selected participants were held for an unbiased study. To capture perceptions about sex-selection in Indian society, we recruited Indians across a wide cross-section of society. 32 women and 42 men, aged 20–80 years, from various social classes, professions, education, and income groups participated. Verbal or written consent was obtained from participants. Virginia Tech institutional review board approved the study. Findings Participant perspectives on who is responsible for sex-selective abortion encompassed four broad categories: uneducated rural populations, educated urban populations, women, and technology. Most urban men and women blamed poor and uneducated rural populations. Most men blamed women for son preference. Women blamed technology misuse, society, family, and older women; very few blamed men. Interpretation It is notable that even national policy makers are unaware of the situation (many incorrectly believed the problem only existed in villages). Policy makers and researchers should bridge this essential gap. Such intersectional studies help to elucidate local understandings of the situation, which is necessary for appropriate policy measures. Funding None.
Discussion of "Measured and Computed Lateral Response of a Pile Group in Sand" by Kyle M. Rollins, J. Dusty Lane, and Travis M. Gerber

The discussers note the contribution of the authors in their full-scale field tests on a pile group, especially as the tests have allowed for both traditional and newer program software to be evaluated. Moreover, the discussers concur with the findings of Ashour et al (2004) regarding the Strain Wedge Model (SWM) and its capacity to provide various p-multipliers as output data.
FLUID DYNAMICS ISSUES IN SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES

The majority of carbon nanotubes' synthesis processes occur in the presence of fluid (liquid, gas, plasma, or multi-phase flow) that may function as a carrier of catalyst particles, feedstock of carbon, and the heating or cooling agent. The fluid motion defines the temperature of catalyst particles and the local chemical composition of the fluid that determines the success of synthesis of high-purity nanotubes. In this review paper, the laser ablation process, high-pressure carbon oxide process, and chemical vapor deposition process are considered from the prospective of fluid dynamics modeling. The multi-model approach should be used for concurrent rendering of different areas of computational domain by different models and/or different time steps for the same model. For multiple plume ejection in laser ablation, the near-target area could be rendered by molecular dynamics approach whereas continuous gas dynamics algorithms should be employed to simulate plume dynamics of previously ejected plumes apart of the target. Such an approach combines continuous mechanics of multi-species flow of feedstock gas or plume; micro-fluidic flow model that is needed to find heat and mass transfer rate to catalysts in presence of individual nanotubes in close proximity to each other; and molecular dynamics of evaporation and ejection of plume in laser ablation.
Quadratic spline fits by nonlinear least squares

This web program fits a Quadratic Spline model, as described in Schmertmann (2003; Demographic Research Volume 9, Article 5), to any empirical fertility schedule supplied by the user. The fit minimizes the sum of squared differences between the empirical nfx values and the nfx values from the QS model schedule. Output includes parameter estimates, a graphical depiction of the fitted schedule, and several text reports. Users do not need specialized statistical software or a particular operating system to run the program; the only requirement is a web browser. Software http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol12/5/qsfit/qsfit.html
EPR imaging of irradiated silicon dioxide: increased concentrations of E′ defects near the surface

Abstract Although 60Co γ-rays are sufficiently energetic to pass through 0.5 mm of amorphous silicon dioxide with negligible attenuation, higher concentrations of 60Co γ-ray-induced E′ defects have been detected by EPR imaging in surface layers than in the bulk material for some samples of SiO2. The layers with enhanced defect concentrations are about 100 μm thick. Total spin concentrations and local spin concentrations were examined for these samples, but do not correlate with the enhanced surface sensitivity toward defect formation for particular samples.
The advancing front of a spreading liquid

A WETTING liquid makes a zero contact angle to a solid, and a drop will spread completely over the surface. There are two stages in the spreading process12. Initially, the advancing front is pushed from behind by the hydrostatic head of the liquid. As the drop thins out this becomes unimportant and the front is pulled along by the unbalanced surface forces near the perimeter. The shape of the advancing front is not easy to observe without special lighting. In addition, for most liquids it cannot be seen unless precautions are taken to minimise evaporation. I report here microscopic observations which show that the advancing front has a remarkable structure. The moving front does not retain the shape of the original drop. Instead, depending on the liquid, it either assumes a scalloped periodic structure or else moves by a series of random advances, resembling the locomotion of an amoeba, but still with some approximate periodicity.
CLAY MINERALOGY, FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT DISPERSAL, AND INFERRED CURRENT PATTERNS, LOWER COOK INLET AND KODIAK SHELF, ALASKA

Abstract Because lower Cook Inlet and Kodiak shelf are being explored and developed for their petroleum resources, it is essential for environmental reasons to understand the sediment dispersal routes and current patterns. The Susitna River flows into upper Cook Inlet and is the source of clay minerals in Holocene deposits found in western lower Cook Inlet. The Copper River, in the northern Gulf of Alaska, provides clay minerals to the Kodiak shelf and southeastern lower Cook Inlet. In addition, crosion of local bedrock outcrops on the shelf produces some clays that are deposited on the Kodiak shelf. Current patterns can be inferred from the clay-mineral distribution pattern. This is true even if the clay-size fraction is a minor sediment component, and in areas where coarse-grained relict deposits occur. Some potential dangers from offshore petroleum development include: (1) rapid and complete mixing of Cook Inlet waters, (2) adsorption of pollutants by clay deposited in quiet bays, and (3) ion-exchange and adsorption of chemical pollutants on clays that are part of the suspended sediment load in lower Cook Inlet.
The Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose (HD) Acyclovir (ACV) in Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections

The Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose (HD) Acyclovir (ACV) in Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections
On complex eigenvalues of compartmental models

Abstract Conditions under which the eigenvalues of the matrix of a compartmental model have a nonzero imaginary part are studied. Inequalities for the total imaginary part are obtained. The effect of excretions and combinations of cycles on this imaginary part are studied.