cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radio Channel Character Research in Limited Space of Coal Mine Rectangular Tunnels

In order to research the effect to magnetic wave propagation character in limited space of coal mine rectangular tunnels,we analyzed the approximate solution of the electric magnetic attenuation character which polarized in different ways based on the rectangular tunnel transmission mode.We simulated the attenuation character in a simulated rectangular mine based on the theoretic analysis.According to the result,we can acquire the situation that with the distance of the mine tunnel increasing,the electromagnetic wave will have serious attenuation phenomenon.In the close distance,the amplitude of the electric intensity tends to be sharp and with increase in the distance,it tends to wane gently.The solution above provides a theoretic support to the wireless succor communication technique in mine.
Analysis of clinical data of 21 children with Kawasaki disease

Objective:To explore the clinical features of Kawasaki disease by analyzing its clinical data.Methods:The clinical data of 21 children with Kawasaki disease,which were diagnosed at Qilu children 's hospital of Shandong university during June 2007 and August 2008,were analyzed retrospectively.Results:All patients had fever,20 cases of them had dash,19 cases of them had Hyperemia bulbar,nlarged cervical lymph nodes,elevated WBC and elevated ESR,13 cases of them had hand and foot symptoms,5 cases of them had coronary pathological changes,Cardiac enzyme was abnomal in 12 cases of them.Conclusion:Kawasaki disease was charactered by multi-system and multi-organ involvement.
Pharmacology and Neurotransmitters in Sleep

In Chapter 1 we outlined the development of the concept of “wet” neurophysiology, which emphasizes understanding neural systems by examining synaptic transmitters. As we discussed, initial experiments on animals seemed to indicate that serotonergic, noradrenergic, and cholingeric systems are involved in the regulation of sleep. In this chapter, we will describe human studies in which the activity of these systems has been pharmacologically altered. Several types of manipulations are usually employed. Chemical precursors of a transmitter are given to increase its concentration. Drugs that block a transmitter’s metabolism may also raise its concentration, and, in addition, prevent the formation of metabolites that may be biologically active. The amount of available transmitter can be decreased by compounds that inhibit its synthesis. Drugs that bind to the neurotransmitter receptor may act as agonists or antagonists and, hence, may be used to characterize function.
Decision Making and Communication in a Statewide Interagency Task Force An Investigation of Planned Versus Utilized Processes

This study examines the proposed and utilized decision-making processes of an interagency taskforce formed to create a strategic plan for addressing substance abuse concerns. Analysis of data obtai...
Some Social Phenomena and Therapeutic Considerations

This chapter reviews several topics related to sociocultural change, minorities, group violence and collective homicide, and religion in relation to mental health issues, from the perspective of therapy and care. When sociocultural phenomena are examined at a macroscopic level, it becomes clear that these sociocultural issues cannot be ignored because they often have a significant impact on the clinicians' individual cases. No one can live without a social context. Any social phenomena or cultural issues that shape the life of an individual or a family, either directly or indirectly, deserve sufficient attention by competent clinicians. The chapter points out that in ordinary psychotherapy, therapists need to consider patients' religious beliefs. This is particularly true for clinicians working in multiethnic and multireligious societies. Recent psychiatric literature suggests a need to reconsider the place of religion and spirituality in the practice of psychiatry. The chapter emphasizes that psychiatry would benefit if the vocabulary and concepts of religion and spirituality were more familiar to trainees and practitioners.
Evaluating the Utmck PET Center: An Organizational and Financial Analysis

The introduction of new medical technologies into clinical practice is coming under increasingly close scrutiny because of broad societal demand to reduce medical costs. Information about the experience of sites that attempt clinically to implement technologies such as Positron Emission Tomography is therefore important to the debate about national healthcare policy even if the data may be generalized only within strict limitations (Hubner 1992; Kessler, Manning and Votaw, n.d; Coleman, Hoffman, Hanson, Need and Harris, n.d; Harris, n.d.). The University of Tennesse Medical Center at Knoxville (UTMCK) has provided clinical service to almost 3,000 patients since opening its doors in January 1988. In contrast to all of its predecessors who provided clinical service as a byproduct of research missions, the UTMCK PET Center was established as a clinical site. Its mission was to demonstrate that clinical PET was technically feasible, clinically useful and financially viable in the long run. This paper reports on UTMCK's relative sucess in fulfilling its mission.
Toward accurate feature detectors performance evaluation

The quality of interest point detectors is crucial for many computer vision applications. One of the frequently used integral methods to compare detectors' performance is repeatability score. In this work, the authors analyze the existing approach for repeatability score calculation and highlight some important weaknesses and drawbacks of this method. Then we propose a set of criteria toward more accurate integral detector performance measure and introduce a modified repeatability score calculation. We also provide illustrative examples to highlight benefits of the proposed method.
A predictive model of inflammatory markers and patient-reported symptoms for cachexia in newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients

Cachexia is a frequent manifestation of pancreatic cancer, can limit a patient’s ability to take chemotherapy, and is associated with shortened survival. We developed a model to predict the early onset of cachexia in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Patients with newly diagnosed, untreated metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic cancer were included. Serum cytokines were drawn prior to therapy. Patient symptoms were recorded using the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). Our primary endpoint was either 10% weight loss or death within 60 days of the start of therapy. Twenty-seven of 89 patients met the primary endpoint (either having lost 10% of body weight or having died within 60 days of the start of treatment). In a univariate analysis, smoking, history symptoms of pain and difficulty swallowing, high levels of MK, CXCL-16, IL-6, TNF-a, and low IL-1b all correlated with this endpoint. We used recursive partition to fit a regression tree model, selecting four of 26 variables (CXCL-16, IL-1b, pain, swallowing difficulty) as important in predicting cachexia. From these, a model of two cytokines (CXCL-16 > 5.135 ng/ml and IL-1b < 0.08 ng/ml) demonstrated a better sensitivity and specificity for this outcome (0.70 and 0.86, respectively) than any individual cytokine or tumor marker. Cachexia is frequent in pancreatic cancer; one in three patients met our endpoint of 10% weight loss or death within 60 days. Inflammatory cytokines are better than conventional tumor markers at predicting this outcome. Recursive partitioning analysis suggests that a model of CXCL-16 and IL-1B may offer a better ability than individual cytokines to predict this outcome.
The Dark Side of Transparency in Developing Countries: The Link between Financial Reporting Practices and Corruption

This paper examines the impact of financial reporting practices in over 70,000 firms across 121 countries. While prior studies examining financial reporting practices mainly focus on the benefits of disclosure in developed markets such as the United States, we focus on the costs associated with increased financial transparency in emerging markets where governance mechanisms are relatively weak. We document a strong positive relation between the production of audited financial statements (AFS) and corruption obstacles faced by the firm. We argue that in corrupt business environment, rent-seeking bureaucrats use the available information to optimize their bribe extractions. We further show that country-level institutional quality has an important impact on the cost of transparency: the level of corruption obstacles associated with AFS is significantly higher in countries with weak corruption control mechanism. Our study sheds light on the dark side of transparency: exposure to corrupt bureaucrats where institutions are weak.
In vitro detection of mild inhibitors to factor VIII in hemophilia.

Plasma samples from patients with severe classic hemophilia, suspected of having mild inhibitors not detected in the standard Bethesda inhibitor test, were examined in modified Bethesda tests and in a screening test based on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The APTT test was more sensitive to mild inhibitors than any modification of the Bethesda method. Increasing the ratio of patient to normal plasma in either the APTT or the Bethesda test improved the sensitivity to mild inhibitors. If a patient’s plasma is used as its own control in the APTT test, results are more consistent as minor fluctations in the APTT occur over time.
Algorithms as fetish: Faith and possibility in algorithmic work

Algorithms are powerful because we invest in them the power to do things. With such promise, they can transform the ordinary, say snapshots along a robotic vacuum cleaner’s route, into something mu...
Novel PAradigm to improve Inflammatory burden in end stage Renal disease (rePAIR): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Given the importance of inflammation as a predictor of poor outcomes in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), reductions in inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed as a critical target in this population. This study targets chronic periodontitis, an oral inflammatory disease of microbial etiology causing persistent inflammation in ESRD. Unlike the previously reported episodic periodontal interventions, we propose to control periodontal inflammation with a continuous maintenance and oral health behavior modifications. We hypothesize that this strategy will improve systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, oral health and quality of life within the 6-month observation period. The rePAIR (novel PAradigm to improve Inflammatory burden in ESRD) study is a pilot and feasibility, parallel-arm, and randomized controlled clinical trial that will recruit 72 ESRD subjects with periodontitis in a model of computerized block randomization. This trial aims to compare the effect of standard-of-care vs. repeated non-surgical periodontal therapy on systemic and oral inflammatory burden. This trial will recruit ESRD adult patients with periodontitis older than 21 years old with a minimum of 12 teeth and no history of periodontal treatment within a year. The trial will examine serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (primary outcome) as a biomarker of inflammation as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6), F2 isofurans and F2 isoprostanes (secondary outcomes) and compare their difference between groups from baseline to 6 months. The trial will also compare the difference between groups in patient-centered and clinical oral outcomes from baseline to 6 months. The trial follows a rigorous and transparent study design capturing elements such as pre-specified eligibility criteria, pre-specified primary and secondary outcomes, detailed intervention description to allow replication, intervention random allocation and concealment, blinding in outcome assessment, appropriate sample size calculations, explanation of interim analysis, as per CONSORT Guidelines. Further, gender diversity is secured not only at recruitment but also throughout the trial and during the analysis. Therefore, treatment response outcomes will be examined per gender category. In order to manage anticipated problems, the protocol has included alternative approaches. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03241511 . Registered on 7 August 2017.
Characteristics of Neutrophil Dysfunction

Overwhelming sepsis is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients following severe thermal injury or other traumatic injury. Despite this fact, the mechanisms underlying these potentially fatal complications have not been elucidated. It is likely that at least some of these altered immunological parameters are associated with infections and sepsis. Several lines of investigation have implicated neutrophil dysfunction as one of the major causes of increased infection rates in groups of patients. Since that time several reports have established a relationship between abnormal neutrophil functions and the development of life-threatening infections [1], whereas other investigators have failed to find high correlations between the defects and patient mortality [2, 3]. However, several laboratories, including our own, have found a significant correlation between the degree of the neutrophil dysfunction and the morbidity of the patient [4, 5].
Models in Resource Allocation — Trees of Queues

Queueing models play an important role in resource-allocation problems. In this paper a tree consisting of terminals (sources of requests), queues and synchronous servers is investigated. The generating function and the first moment of the holding time of a request generated by an arbitrary terminal are calculated.
Analysis of air contaminants

Basic details of air pollution methodology are reviewed. Reasons for making measurements, patterns of pollutants in air, and types of standards established for their control are discussed. Monitoring instruments and manual methods for sampling, analysis of particulate and gases, calibration procedures, standardization, quality control activities are outlined.
Physician Nonprofessional Cancer Experience and Ovarian Cancer Screening Practices: Results from a National Survey of Primary Care Physicians

Abstract Objective: Routine ovarian cancer screening is ineffective; therefore, no professional organization recommends this screening in asymptomatic patients. However, many physicians have recomm...
Participation of Students in Multinational Projects - a Pre/Post Comparison of Their Motivation Based on Gender and Geographic Location

Multinational collaborations are a common practice in industry nowadays. This practice is very common in engineering projects, with collaboration activities taking place globally. Academic institutions need to make their students aware of these scenarios by implementing activities that expose their students to such environments. Institutions from six different countries in the Americas and Italy have conducted an educational experience in the context of a collaborative engineering design project. The collaboration defines multinational teams that work on a project for several weeks. The objective of this study is to determine and compare the level of motivation that students report before and after their participation in the collaboration. The level of motivation is based on their self-reported interest and perception of value, two of the constructs collected with a survey based on the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Collected data is analyzed statistically based on gender and geographic location. The expectation is to have high levels of motivation before and after their participation in the multinational design project, thus implying interest and satisfaction with the activity. Results indicate that students have high level of motivation before participation, independent of the two factors studied. There is a reduction in the level of motivation after participation, with some variations based on gender and location. Discussion of these results is provided.
Three novel species of Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) in the genera Surirella and Thalassiosira from Pleistocene Paleolake Lorenyang (~2 - 1.6 Ma) Turkana Basin, Kenya

Three novel species of Bacillariophyta (diatom) are described from the sediments of Paleolake Lorenyang, a large lake that existed in the Turkana Basin, Kenya during the Gelasian age of the Pleistocene Epoch. Sediment cores extracted as part of the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) were sampled to provide a diatom-based paleoecological record of Paleolake Lorenyang. Preliminary results of the paleoecological analysis unearthed three novel species of diatoms belonging to Surirella and Thalassiosira in the Natoo Member of the Nachukui Formation. Comparisons of Surirella from Paleolake Lorenyang are made to previous reports of Surirella from modern lakes in East Africa and comparisons of Thalassiosira species from the paleolake are made to modern and fossil species reported from East Africa. This is a first report of diatoms in the Natoo Member, which has previously been described as a floodplain deposit, and thus provides evidence of the last occurrence of Paleolake Lorenyang within the Turkana Basin. Herein we describe a new species of Surirella and two Thalassiosira with remarks on morphology and evolution of East African Surirella and Thalassiosira.
Perspectives on Designer Photocathodes for X-ray Free-Electron Lasers: Influencing Emission Properties with Heterostructures and Nanoengineered Electronic States

Design methodologies for high-performance photocathodes become increasingly important, driven by the needs of advanced x-ray light sources and ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy. Cathode design has been hampered by interdependent performance metrics, where improving one compromises another. Rapid developments in modeling and nanomaterial fabrication allow tailoring of electronic structure in ways that influence the fundamental mechanisms of photoemission: absorption, transport, and emission. This survey of recent efforts and results in each of these areas proposes research priorities that are likely to yield significant gains in cathode design.
A Comparative Analysis of Investor and Auditor Materiality Judgments

SUMMARY Materiality remains a challenging concept for auditors to implement in practice. The challenges underlying auditor materiality assessments are compounded by the fact that courts, regulation...
Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery is an effective approach for treating inappropriate sinus tachycardia

INTRODUCTION Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is characterized by increased heart rate out of proportion to normal physiologic demand. IST ablation is challenging for the electrophysiology community due to the epicardial location of the sinus node and the risk of phrenic nerve (PN) injury during catheter ablation. In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of a minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery for elimination of IST. METHODS Patients with IST who failed medical therapy or endocardial ablation underwent minimally invasive thoracoscopic epicardial ablation. Epicardial activation mapping was performed to identify the earliest activation site and any possible migration of earliest activation along the lateral right atrium. The PN in each patient was protected by a pericardial retraction suture. RESULTS From 1 January 2000 to 15 June 2018, 10 patients (eight females and two males) underwent minimally invasive thoracoscopic IST ablation. Mean age of the patients was 36.7 ± 12.5 years. Mean baseline sinus rate was 113.8 ± 21.8 beats per minute. After surgery, the mean heart rate significantly decreased to 79.8 ± 8.2 at postoperative day 1 and to 75.8 ± 8.1 at day 30 (both P < .001). No in-hospital death, stroke, or PN injury occurred. One patient required reintubation, one patient developed postoperative pericarditis, and another patient had a pulmonary embolus. Median follow-up was 6 months (range, 1-50). Freedom from reintervention was 88% at 6 months. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive thoracoscopic ablation for IST is a safe and effective approach that preserves the phrenic nerve. Due to the possibility of IST activation site migration, continued follow-up after surgery is required.
Local Lattice Distortion and Mechanism of Superconductivity

Anomalous lattice behavior near the onset of superconductivity has been observed by various experimental methods for a number of high temperature superconducting oxides. However, some other probes do not detect such an anomaly. Moreover, its relevance to the mechanism of superconductivity has been controversial. Based upon our pulsed neutron scattering studies we suggest that this confusing state of affairs is due primarily to the highly localized and dynamic nature of the lattice distortion which produces the anomaly. The magnitude of the distortion is too large to be dismissed merely as a consequence of the superconducting transition. We suggest that the distortions represent polarons or bi-polarons, and that they play a crucial role in superconductivity.
Organizational environmental orientation and employee environmental in‐role behaviors: A cross‐level study

Amid the growth of scholarly research on environmental workplace behaviors, two limitations stand out. First, there has been scant research on the cross‐level effects of organizational‐level determinants on individual employee environmental behaviors using a methodologically appropriate multilevel analytic approach. Second, there has been an overwhelming focus on voluntary, as opposed to task‐related, employee environmentally friendly behaviors. In addressing these limitations, this field study (N = 615 U.S.‐based employees nested in 51 organizations) makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature, specifically by linking the dimensions of organizational‐level environmental orientation with individual‐level employee environmental in‐role (i.e., task‐related) behaviors using multilevel analysis. The results indicate that organizational internal environmental orientation is positively related to employee recycling behavior. Managerial status exerts a moderating effect, such that the positive relationship between internal environmental orientation and energy‐saving behavior is stronger among managers than among non‐managers. Furthermore, an organization's external environmental orientation has an unequivocal positive relationship only with employee energy‐saving behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Relationship between arterial and venous Dopplar and perinatal outcome in pregnancy women with severe preeclampsia

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between abnormal arterial and venous Doppler finding and the perinatal outcome of fetuses in severe preeclamptic pregnancy Methods: Dopplar velocimetry of the umbilical artery(UA) and ductus venosus(DV) was performed in 32 pregnancy women who with severe preeclampsia. Groups based on the Dopplar examination were: 1 = no absent end diastolic velocity of umbilical artery[UA AEDV(-)] (n = 25, 67.6%), 2 = absent end diastolic velocity of the umbilical artery noted [UA AEDV(+)] but no reverse of ductus venosus[DV(-)] (n = 7, 18.9%), 3 = absent end diastolic velocity of umbilical artery [UA AEDV(+)] and reverse of ductus venosus [DV(+)] were both noted (n = 5, 13.5%). Apgar score at delivery, respiratory distress (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), send to intensive care unit (ICU) or not were recored. Results: There were no significant difference about maternal age, gestational age at delivery, maternal blood pressure, mode of delivery,baby body weight at delivery, Apgar score at delivery between three group. There were no significance difference about the perinatal outcome, including perinatal death(p = 0.56), respiratory distress syndrome(p = 0.28), intraventricular hemorrahge (p = 1.00), in three group. We could noticed higher incidence of the baby send to ICU in group 2 and 3 (p = 0.28). Conclusions: According to this study, higher incidence of the baby send to ICU in severe preeclamtic pregnant women who with abnormal dopplar finding at umbilical artery and ductus venosus. The timing of delivery of severe preeclamptic pregnancy before absent end diastolic velocity of UA is needed to think about it. But further research or more sample size is needed to confirm this finding.
Association Between HEDIS Performance and Primary Care Physician Age, Group Affiliation, Training, and Participation in ACA Exchanges.

There are a limited number of studies investigating the relationship between primary care physician (PCP) characteristics and the quality of care they deliver. To examine the association between PCP performance and physician age, solo versus group affiliation, training, and participation in California’s Affordable Care Act (ACA) exchange. Observational study of 2013-2014 data from Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures and select physician characteristics. PCPs in California HMO and PPO practices (n = 5053) with part of their patient panel covered by a large commercial health insurance company. Hemoglobin A1c testing; medical attention nephropathy; appropriate treatment hypertension (ACE/ARB); breast cancer screening; proportion days covered by statins; monitoring ACE/ARBs; monitoring diuretics. A composite performance measure also was constructed. For the average 35- versus 75-year-old PCP, regression-adjusted mean composite relative performance scores were at the 60th versus 47th percentile (89% vs. 86% composite absolute HEDIS scores; p < .001). For group versus solo PCPs, scores were at the 55th versus 50th percentiles (88% vs. 87% composite absolute HEDIS scores; p < .001). The effect of age on performance was greater for group versus solo PCPs. There was no association between scores and participation in ACA exchanges. The associations between population-based care performance measures and PCP age, solo versus group affiliation, training, and participation in ACA exchanges, while statistically significant in some cases, were small. Understanding how to help older PCPs excel equally well in group practice compared with younger PCPs may be a fruitful avenue of future research.
The Archaeology of Human–Environmental Dynamics on the North American Atlantic Coast: Edited by Leslie Reeder-Myers, John A. Turck, and Torben C. Rick. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 2019. ISBN: 987-0-8130-6613-4 (hardcover $100), 290 pp.

This edited volume delivers a comprehensive and succinct synthesis of the human history of North America’s Atlantic over the past 10,000 years. In 290 pages, the book offers a sweeping review of re...
Best Linear Unbiased Estimation for the Aitken Model

Recall from Chap. 7 that the least squares estimators of estimable functions are best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of those functions under the Gauss–Markov model. But it turns out that this is not necessarily so under linear models having a more general variance–covariance structure, such as the Aitken model. In this chapter, we consider estimators that are best linear unbiased under the Aitken model. The first section considers the special case of an Aitken model in which the variance–covariance matrix is positive definite; BLUE in this case is also called generalized least squares estimation. The second section considers the general case. The third section characterizes those Aitken models for which the least squares estimators of estimable functions are BLUEs of those functions. A final section briefly considers an attempt to extend BLUE to the general mixed linear model.
Reduction of dioxygen to water by a Co(N2O2) complex with a 2,2′-bipyridine backbone

We report a Co-based complex for the reduction of O2 to H2O utilizing decamethylferrocene as chemical reductant and acetic acid as a proton donor in methanol solution. Despite structural similarities to previously reported Co(N2O2) complexes capable of catalytic O2 reduction, this system shows selectivity for the four-electron/four-proton reduction product, H2O, instead of the two-electron/two-proton reduction product, H2O2. Mechanistic studies show that the overall rate law is analogous to previous examples, suggesting that the key selectivity difference arises in part from increased favorability of protonation at the distal O position of the key intermediate Co(III)-hydroperoxide, instead of the proximal one. Interestingly, no product selectivity dependence is observed with respect to the presence of pyridine, which is proposed to bind trans to O2 during catalysis.
Association of Cryoprecipitate Use With Survival After Major Trauma in Children Receiving Massive Transfusion.

Importance Although most massive transfusion protocols incorporate cryoprecipitate in the treatment of hemorrhaging injured patients, minimal data exist on its use in children, and whether its addition improves their survival is unclear. Objective To determine whether cryoprecipitate use for injured children who receive massive transfusion is associated with lower mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included injured patients examined between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, at one of multiple centers across the US and Canada participating in the Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program. Patients were aged 18 years or younger and had received massive transfusion, which was defined as at least 40 mL/kg of total blood products in the first 4 hours after emergency department arrival. Exclusion criteria included hospital transfer, arrival without signs of life, time of death or hospital discharge not recorded, and isolated head injuries. To adjust for potential confounding, a propensity score for treatment was created and inverse probability weighting was applied. The propensity score accounted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, injury type, payment type, Glasgow Coma Scale score, hypoxia, hypotension, assisted respirations, chest tube status, Injury Severity Score, total volume of blood products received, hemorrhage control procedure, hospital size, academic status, and trauma center designation. Data were analyzed from December 11, 2019, to August 31, 2020. Exposures Cryoprecipitate use within the first 4 hours of emergency department arrival. Main Outcomes and Measures In-hospital 24-hour and 7-day mortality. Results Of the 2387 injured patients who received massive transfusion, 1948 patients were eligible for analysis. The median age was 16 years (interquartile range, 9-17 years), 1382 patients (70.9%) were male, and 807 (41.4%) were White. A total of 541 patients (27.8%) received cryoprecipitate. After propensity score weighting, patients who received cryoprecipitate had a significantly lower 24-hour mortality when compared with those who did not (adjusted difference, −6.9%; 95% CI, −10.6% to −3.2%). Moreover, cryoprecipitate use was associated with a significantly lower 7-day mortality but only in children with penetrating trauma (adjusted difference, −9.2%; 95% CI, −15.4% to −3.0%) and those transfused at least 100 mL/kg of total blood products (adjusted difference, −7.7%; 95% CI, −15.0% to −0.5%). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, early use of cryoprecipitate was associated with lower 24-hour mortality among injured children who required massive transfusion. The benefit of cryoprecipitate appeared to persist for 7 days only in those with penetrating trauma and in those who received extremely large-volume transfusion.
A Comparison of Three Ways to Measure Time-Dependent Densities With Quantum Simulators

Quantum algorithms are touted as a way around some classically intractable problems such as the simulation of quantum mechanics. At the end of all quantum algorithms is a quantum measurement whereby classical data is extracted and utilized. In fact, many of the modern hybrid-classical approaches are essentially quantum measurements of states with short quantum circuit descriptions. Here, we compare and examine three methods of extracting the time-dependent one-particle probability density from a quantum simulation: direct Z-measurement, Bayesian phase estimation and harmonic inversion. We have tested these methods in the context of the potential inversion problem of time-dependent density functional theory. Our test results suggest that direct measurement is the preferable method. We also highlight areas where the other two methods may be useful and report on tests using Rigetti's quantum device. This study provides a starting point for the imminent applications of quantum computing.
Crystallographic characterization of (C5H4SiMe3)3U(BH4).

New syntheses have been developed for the synthesis of (borohydrido-κ3H)tris­[η5-(tri­methyl­sil­yl)cyclo­penta­dien­yl]uranium(IV), [U(BH4)(C8H13Si)3] or Cp′3U(BH4) (Cp′ = C5H4SiMe3) and its structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. This compound crystallized in the space group P\overline{1} and the structure features three η5-coordinated Cp′ rings and a κ3-coordinated (BH4)− ligand.
Application of Kriging for development of SPT N value contour maps and USCS-based soil type qualitative contour maps for Islamabad, Pakistan

Geotechnical maps provide preliminary knowledge of sub-surface parameters which help in hazard identification, planning of detailed investigations, mitigation measures, and design for engineering projects. Maps consisting of zones with generalized stratigraphy for an entire area provide uncertain information which may lead to overlooking subsurface geotechnical hazards. In contrast, continuous contour plots consider spatial variation with depth. The purpose of this paper is to make efficient SPT N-value digital maps and soil type maps classified using Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) that indicate N value and soil type at unsampled locations in Islamabad, Pakistan. The geostatistical Kriging approach is unprecedently applied to Islamabad (Pakistan) to develop the contours. The proposed methodology involves integrating geotechnical data with contouring software Surfer 18. Data from fifty geotechnical investigation reports were used to create contour plots of twelve soil types and SPT N values at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ft depth intervals. In addition, a map indicating the depth of groundwater was also developed. The geotechnical contour maps presented in this paper are the first of their kind for Islamabad and lie consistent with geological generalizations of the region. A coefficient of correlation of 0.88 was found for SPT N-values. The output will serve as a supplement for site characterization and hazard identification for future projects.
A Study of PhD Courses and Curricula Across Schools of Social Work

ObjectivesThis study explored courses offered by social work PhD programs, the variation in these courses by type of university, and how the courses compare to the Group for the Advancement of Doct...
Eye Surgery at an Outpatient Surgicenter

The case of an 89-year-old male with multiple medical problems undergoing eye surgery at an outpatient surgicenter under monitored anesthesia care is presented. Alternate anesthesia techniques useful in a patient unfit for general anesthesia are discussed. The use of ketamine in conscious sedation is discussed. The continuum of the depth of sedation from minimal sedation to general anesthesia and the need to be prepared to escalate following a failed peribulbar block are discussed.
Representation and interpretation of geometric tolerances for polyhedral objects. II. Size, orientation and position tolerances

Abstract This article presents a computational scheme for representing and interpreting the geometric tolerances (mainly size, orientation and position tolerances) assigned to polyhedral objects. The proposed representational scheme is based on a surface-based variational model. Variations are applied to a part model by varying each surface's model variables. Those model variables are constrained by relations derived from tolerance zones. This article addresses two questions: (i) how to describe the tolerance zones according to different tolerance specifications? and (ii) how to vary the model variables when the variational models (of the part) are instantiated? The scheme has been fully implemented in an object-oriented programming environment.
The phenomenon of social isolation in the severely mentally ill.

Purpose The phenomenon of social isolation is closely linked with the experience of having a severe mental illness (SMI). This paper offers scholarly perspectives and analyses of the phenomenon of social isolation as it applies to people with SMI by highlighting relevant definitional, historical, theoretical, and conceptual understanding surrounding this phenomenon. Conclusions Stigma, alienation, and existential loneliness when taken together provide an understanding of the multidimensional problem of social isolation for people with SMI. Practice Implications Mental health services should be provided which take into account the importance of human contact and social connection for people who live with SMI. Services can be offered which are designed to develop social skills, as well as to create opportunities for social connection and community involvement.
Feature extraction in acoustic signals using the BCM learning rule

We apply the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (1982) theory of visual cortical plasticity to the problem of extracting features (i.e., reduction of dimensionality) from acoustic signals; in this case, labeled samples of marine mammal sounds. We first implemented BCM learning in a single neuron model, trained the neuron on samples of acoustic data, and then observed the response when the neuron was tested on different classes of acoustic signals. Next, a multiple neuron network was constructed, with lateral inhibition among the neurons. By training neurons to be selective to inherent features in these signals, we are able to develop networks which can then be used in the design of an automated acoustic signal classifier.
Organization and function of stress fibers in cells in vitro and in situ. A review.

The purpose of this review is to present the tremendous body of research on stress fibers, which has grown exceedingly rapidly in the last 7 or 8 years, due to immunofluorescent techniques, with both a technical and functional perspective. The first section is primarily a chronology of technical innovations which have enabled better observation and characterization of stress fibers. This section also reviews the numerous contractile-associated proteins, actin-binding proteins, regulator proteins, and other proteins shown to localize to stress fibers in a characteristic distribution. The second section discusses the wide variety of roles for stress fibers that have been set forth, including cell spreading, cell adhesion, cell locomotion, contraction, isometric contraction, cell surface compartmentalization, differentiation, cell transformation, tumorigenicity, and morphogenesis. In order to help interpret the significance of the many purported roles of stress fibers, it is important to ask whether stress fibers in vitro are pure artifacts and whether stress fibers exist in cells in situ. This review demonstrates that the stress fiber is fundamentally a light microscopic term, and in order to avoid confusion with other microfilament bundle-containing structures seen in the electron microscope, such as circumferential microfilament bundles, contractile rings, microvilli, microspikes, and rootlet structures, it is necessary to establish criteria for the identification of stress fibers in situ. Finally, using these criteria, this paper presents two recently introduced models which exhibit stress fibers in cells in tissues: the fibroblast, called a scleroblast in the fish scale, and the endothelial cells of avian and mammalian vasculature.
Guyana: A Half a Century of Struggles with Planning, Growth, and Development

Guyana was a proving ground for both the capitalist and socialist development ideas in the latter half of the 20 th century. We analyze the problems and solutions for those experiment from the point of views of appraising their performances. Traditional theories such as input-output models, sectorial models, and growth models form the windows for the appraisal. When the subject matter is judgmental, Analytic Network Process and (ANP) and Data Envelop Analysis (DEA) are engaged. When the subject matter is structural, the time series of gross investment to GDP is considered as a driver of growth. We subject that ratio to spectral and cross-spectral analysis for a half a century of data for Guyana vs. neighboring countries. The results indicate that Guyana has stepped into the long-run cumulative growth process after its struggles with development. Keywords: Development, Planning, Sectorial Models, Analytic Network Process, Data Envelop Analysis, Spectral Analysis. JEL Class.: C00 (Quantitative Analysis); C15 (Simulation); C88 (Data Analysis)
Prediction of Attributes and Links in Temporal Social Networks

The analysis of social networks often assumes the time invariant scenario while in practice node attributes and links in such networks often evolve over time. In this paper, we propose a new method to predict node attributes and links in temporal networks.
Effects of hypotonic expansion on sodium and water excretion in hypertensive non-pre-eclamptic gravidas

Abstract The occurrence of exaggerated natriuresis in response to volume expansion in hypertensive gravidas is controversial. In the present study, renal response to hypotonic saline infusion of 7 hypertensive pregnant women was compared to results of identical studies in normal gravidas. Additionally, the effect of changing from lateral to supine recumbency, a potent antinatriuretic maneuver, was evaluated. The hypertensive patients handled short-term saline loads in a manner similar to that observed in normotensive pregnant women, and changing posture resulted in a similar antinatriuretic effect in both groups. Thus, assessment of the natriuretic system by two different methods failed to demonstrate an exaggerated natriuresis in pregnant hypertensive women. Furthermore, patterns of solute and water excretion showed no evidence of impaired sodium handling at distal tubular sites, in contrast with observations in nonpregnant hypertensive women.
Clinical implications and treatment of multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading bacterial cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Prior to the 1970s this pathogen was uniformly susceptible to penicillin and most other antimicrobials. However, since the 1990s there has been a significant increase in drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) due, in large part, to increased use of antimicrobials. The clinical significance of this resistance is not definitely established, but appears to be most relevant to specific MICs for specific antimicrobials. Certain β-lactams (amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone), the respiratory fluoroquinolones, and telithromycin are among several agents that remain effective against DRSP. Continued surveillance studies, appropriate antimicrobial usage campaigns, stratification of patients based on known risk factors for resistance, and vaccination programmes are needed to appropriately manage DRSP and limit its spread.
An algorithm for adaptive refinement of triangular element meshes

A simple algorithm is developed for adaptive and automatic h refinement of two-dimensional triangular finite element meshes. The algorithm is based on an element refinement ratio that can be calculated from an a posteriori error indicator. The element subdivision algorithm is robust and recursive. Smooth transition between large and small elements is achieved without significant degradation of the aspect ratio of the elements in the mesh. Several example problems are presented to illustrate the utility of the approach.
Imaging Surface Pits and Dislocations in 4H-SiC by Forescattered Electron Detection and Photoluminescence

Forescattered electron detection (FED) was utilized to image surface depressions resulting from threading screw and edge dislocations in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers. These surface depressions, or growth pits, exhibited two morphology types. Screw and edge dislocations could be imaged by photoluminescence and differentiated by their interactions with propagating partial dislocations (PDs). Correlations between FED and photoluminescence showed that sharp-apex pits 1 μm in size and strip-shaped pits 500 nm in size could be linked to individual screw and edge dislocations, respectively. Forescattered electron detection demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to image surface features previously resolvable only by atomic force microscopy. This new technique is nondestructive, noncontact, and capable of rapid, spatial mapping of growth pits resulting from threading screw and edge dislocations in SiC epitaxial layers.
Performance of photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugators

Obtaining self-pumped phase conjugation in photorefractive crystals without the use of external mirrors usually requires that the crystals exhibit significant beam fanning and have large gain-length products. Large variations in the phase conjugate reflectivity and response time can occur with changes in the incident beam location relative to the corner cube. This paper explores experimentally the dependence of the phase conjugate reflectivity and the response time on the incident beam location in a Ce-doped SBN:60 crystal. Beam erasure at selective sites within the crystal is used to determine the location of the self-organized gratings.
The effect of chronic inflammation on gingival connective tissue proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid

Proteoglycans have been isolated and analysed from extracts of normal and chronically inflamed human gingiva in order to determine the effects of chronic inflammation on these important soft connective tissue extracellular macromolecules. The uronic acid content of glycosaminoglycans isolated by papain digestion of normal and inflamed gingiva did not differ significantly. Likewise, electrophoretic analysis revealed that the content of hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate was similar. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans from both sources eluted from a Sepharose C1-6B column with a Kav of 0.45 (approximate Mr 25,000). However, hyaluronic acid from normal gingiva was predominantly of a large size eluting in the void volume of a Sepharose. CL-6B column, while that isolated form inflamed tissue was mostly a small molecular weight species which eluted in the included volume of a Sepharose CL-6B column. Using dissociative conditions, intact proteoglycans could be more readily extracted from inflamed tissues (90% of the total tissue uronic acid) than from normal tissues where only 80% of the total tissue uronic acid was extractable. Even though DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography revealed no differences in charge between normal and inflamed gingival proteoglycans, Sepharose CL-4B chromatography revealed more molecular size polydispersity in samples from inflamed tissue than from normal tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that while hyaluronic acid is depolymerized in inflamed tissue, no evidence of sulfated glycosaminoglycan degradation was found. Therefore, the most likely cause for disruption to the molecular integrity of the proteoglycans is via proteolytic alteration to the proteoglycan core protein.
Contact with the Nomic: A Challenge for Deniers of Humean Supervenience about Laws of Nature Part I: Humean Supervenience

This the first part of a two-part article in which we defend the thesis of Humean Supervenience about Laws of Nature (HS). According to this thesis, two possible worlds cannot differ on what is a law of nature unless they also differ on the Humean base. the Humean base is easy to characterize intuitively, but there is no consensus on how, precisely, it should be defined. Here in Part I, we present and motivate a characterization of the Humean base that, we argue, enables HS to capture what is really stake in the debate, without taking on extraneous commitments. “I tend to picture the [facts of the form “it is a law that s” and “is is not a lw that s”] as having been sprinkled been sprinkled like powdered sugar over the doughy surface of the non-nomic facts.”—Marc Lange2 “Avoid empty carbohydrates.”—Runner's World3