cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the relationship between Nongame wildlife use and donation to Nongame tax checkoffs

Abstract Funding nongame wildlife programs has been a problem for many state agencies. One alternative that has been developed is the income tax checkoff. Nongame tax checkoffs offer advantages and disadvantages compared to other funding mechanisms. The tax checkoff provides a mechanism for voluntary contribution from people who are not direct users of the wildlife but who may have nonuser benefits such as existence values. Because even the direct users of a program cannot easily be excluded from the benefits, however, the tax checkoff may encourage free rider behavior. This study investigated the Oregon nongame tax checkoff for the presence of these types of donation behaviors. Twenty‐six percent of the taxpayers with refunds were users of nongame who did not donate. On the other hand, 3.8 percent were nonusers who did donate; these made up 60.4 percent of all those who donated.
Three-dimensional comparison of interventional MR radiofrequency ablation images with tissue response.

Solid tumors are being treated using radio-frequency (RF) ablation under interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. We are investigating the ability of MR to monitor ablation treatments by comparing MR images of thermal lesions to histologically assayed tissue damage. We developed a methodology using a three dimensional computer registration. An open MRI system was used to guide an electrode into five rabbit thighs and acquire MR volumes post ablation. After MR and histology images were registered with an accuracy of 1.32 ± 0.39 mm (mean ± SD), a boundary of necrosis identified in histology was compared with the outer boundary of the hyperintense rim in MR images. For 14 T2-weighted MR images, the absolute distance between boundaries was 0.96 ± 0.34 mm (mean ± SD). Since the small discrepancy between boundaries is comparable to our registration accuracy, the boundaries probably match exactly. Similar correlations to histology were obtained with a deformable model segmentation method. This is good evidence that during treatments, MR images can localize the necrotic region.
Translating evidence based violence and drug use prevention to obesity prevention: development and construction of the Pathways program

Effective school-based obesity prevention programs are needed to prevent and reduce the growing obesity risk among youth. Utilizing the evidence-rich areas of violence and substance use prevention, translation science may provide an efficient means for developing curricula across multiple health behaviors. This paper introduces Pathways to Health, a school-based obesity prevention program that was developed by translating from evidence-based violence and drug use prevention programs, Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies and the Midwestern Prevention Project STAR (STAR). We illustrate how a hypothesized underlying behavior change mechanism in two domains of risk behavior, violence and substance use, can be applied to obesity prevention. A 4-step translational process is provided and may be relevant for use in developing other curricula to address multiple health risk behaviors. Practical application and decision points are also provided.
Vascular smooth muscle cells preloaded with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid fail to respond to serotonin stimulation

Abstract Epidemiological, animal and clinical studies indicate that n-3 fatty acids may benefit individuals with known history of cardiovascular disease or at risk of developing it. Though there is indirect evidence to suggest that the beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids may be because of their ability to inhibit smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, there are no studies that have examined this hypothesis. In this study, the mitogenic effect of serotonin (5HT) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), known mitogens for vascular SMC, on aortic SMCs preloaded with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is examined. 5HT and PDGF could only partially stimulate proliferation of SMC that were preloaded with EPA or DHA as compared to the control cells. γ-Linolenic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA) did not block the 5HT or PDGF induced 3 [H]thymidine incorporation suggesting that the anti-proliferative effect was specific to n-3 fatty acids only. Further, when EPA and DHA were combined in the ratio they are present in fishoils, there was a synergistic interaction in inhibiting the proliferation of SMC. Further, SMC grown in the presence of EPA or DHA, when stimulated with 5HT, failed to show an increase in 5HT 2 receptor mRNA. One of the potential mechanism by which fish oils may prevent the development of atherosclerosis or restenosis could be inhibition of the mitogen induced SMC proliferation. Combination of EPA with DHA is likely to be more beneficial.
Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men screened for prostate cancer.

Objectives The Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) is a widely used scale for the screening and diagnosis of erectile dysfunction (ED). Our objective was to incorporate the SHIM into our prostate cancer screening program to estimate the prevalence of ED among men screened for prostate cancer. Methods During September 2006, men younger than 75 years of age living in the Washington, DC area were invited to participate in the George Washington University Prostate Cancer Screening Program. The SHIM questionnaire was administered to all participants. Information regarding primary care physician use, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor use, serum prostate-specific antigen levels, and digital rectal examination findings was also obtained. Those who registered SHIM scores of 17 or less or who were taking a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor were considered to have ED. Results Overall, 333 men attended the program. Of the 328 men, 123 (37.5%) met our definition of ED; 30 (9%) were using a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and 93 (28%) had an SHIM score of 17 or less. Univariate analysis suggested a significant difference in the prevalence of ED between African-American men and non–African-American men, with 25% and 41%, respectively, found to have a SHIM score of 17 or less ( P P > .05). Among our participants, 33% lacked a primary care physician. Of these, 22% had a SHIM score of 17 or less. Conclusions The results of our study have shown that ED increases in a nonlinear fashion with age, consistent with the findings of previous reports. Of greater concern, however, given the strong association between ED and cardiovascular disease, was the number of those with ED who lacked a primary care physician.
Controllable form state variables obtained from an arbitrarily fast adaptive observer

A simplified form for an adaptive observer is presented which estimates both the states and parameters of an unknown linear time-invariant system. Unlike previous adaptive observers, the new structure generates the controllable form state variables. The adaptive scheme is shown to be globally asymptotically stable and arbitrarily fast.
A novel extension of the triangular distribution and its parameter estimation

Summary. An extension of the three-parameter triangular distribution utilized in risk analysis is discussed. Special cases of the resulting four-parameter family include the triangular distribution, the power function distribution and the uniform distribution. Expert judgment elicitation of its parameters is discussed as well as moment estimation and maximum likelihood estimation of its parameters by using sample data.
Inherited gastrointestinal stromal tumor syndromes: mutations, clinical features, and therapeutic implications

The discovery of underlying molecular genetic abnormalities in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) such as activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase genes, KIT and platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA), has led to remarkable clinical advances in treatment. Small molecule inhibitors such as imatinib and sunitinib are known to inhibit the aberrantly activated KIT and PDGFRA receptor signaling and can lead to excellent clinical outcomes for patients with GIST. Though the majority of GISTs appear to arise sporadically, a number of families with high frequencies of GISTs have been reported and germline mutations have been identified. This review will highlight the various inherited mutations associated with familial GIST syndromes and describe how an improved understanding of these genetic syndromes has important clinical implications for future understanding of this heterogeneous disease.
Histone H3 mutations—a special role for H3.3 in tumorigenesis?

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG) accounts for ∼8–12 % of these brain tumors and is a devastating disease as 70–90 % of patients die within 2 years of diagnosis. The failure to advance therapy for these children over the last 30 years is largely due to limited knowledge of the molecular basis for these tumors and a lack of disease models. Recently, sequencing of tumor cells revealed that histone H3 is frequently mutated in pediatric HGG, with up to 78 % of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) carrying K27M and 36 % of non-brainstem gliomas carrying either K27M or G34R/V mutations. Although mutations in many chromatin modifiers have been identified in cancer, this was the first demonstration that histone mutations may be drivers of disease. Subsequent studies have identified high-frequency mutation of histone H3 to K36M in chondroblastomas and to G34W/L in giant cell tumors of bone, which are diseases of adolescents and young adults. Interestingly, the G34 mutations, the K36M mutations, and the majority of K27M mutations occur in genes encoding the replacement histone H3.3. Here, we review the peculiar characteristics of histone H3.3 and use this information as a backdrop to highlight current thinking about how the identified mutations may contribute to disease development.
Morphology of the lymphoid organs of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus

The anatomy of the lymphoid organs was studied during the course of detailed dissections of 50 beach-stranded bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Constant lymph nodes occur in 4 groups, based on their location and structure. These groups are somatic, including nodes of the cervical region and pelvic recess; lung-associated, included marginal, diaphragmatic and hilar nodes; visceral, including the mesenteric, pancreatic, pericolic and porta hepatis nodes; and aortic arch nodes. Lymphatic drainage of the lung is primarily to the marginal and diaphragmatic nodes. The mesenteric node mass is well-endowed with capsular and trabecular smooth muscle, and a network of muscle fascicles within the organ implies an important contractile function in the circulation of lymph. In addition to constant nodes, occasionally nodes are found in relation to the thoracic aorta, the kidney, and under the scapula. Gut-associated structures include dorsal and ventral oropharyngeal tonsils, mucosal aggregates in the straight segment of the intestine (colon) and anal tonsils; this gut-associated lymphoid tissue tends to involute with age, being greatly reduced by puberty. Formed lymphoid organs include the thymus and the spleen, the latter being relatively small in relation to body size. None of these structures is unique among cetaceans, but the anal tonsils are particularly well developed in T. truncatus. The lymphoid aggregates in the colon resemble the arrangement in the vermiform appendix, which is lacking in most cetaceans, and may have functions analogous to that organ.
Constructing optimal convolutional code models for prokaryotic translation initiation

Rapid advances in both genomic data acquisition and computational technology have encouraged the development and use of engineering methods in the field of bioinformatics and computational genomics. Several researchers are encouraging the use of error-correction coding in analyzing genetic data. Using information theory, coding theory specifically, the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences is functionally paralleled to the decoding of noisy, convolutionally encoded parity streams. The ribosome is modeled as a table-based convolutional decoder. This work presents a genetic algorithms (GAs) method for the design of optimal table-based convolutional coding models for prokaryotic translation initiation sites using Escherichia coli K-12 as the model organism. We explore and compare several categories of error-control codes, including: horizontal, vertical, equal and unequal error protection (UEP) codes. Results show that UEP code models recognize the non-random and Shine-Dalgarno domain of mRNA leaders better than equal error protection models. Codes whose decoding masks (gmasks) have high similarity to the 3' end of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were discovered. Additional results are presented.
Organizational Website Design as a Rhetorical Situation

While a significant amount of attention and interest has been directed to investigate the communicative functions of organizational websites, little research has been done to examine how internal organizational communication shapes organizational website design. This study employs the theory of rhetorical situation to examine the impact of internal organizational communication on website design. Specifically, it has examined a few organizational website design case studies from the perspective of rhetorical situation and has analyzed a case about website design by a Chinese student organization on a US college campus. Both the examination and analysis show that organizations and designers must communicate effectively in the process of identifying and thereafter transforming organizational objectives into effective website features. Both theoretical and practical implications for organizational website design are addressed in the paper
Stakeholder Perceptions of Culture and Management Practices in Family and Family Firms - A Preliminary Report

Summary and Implications for Practice While the results of this study are certainly not definitive, they do suggest thepotential of this comprehensive multiple-firm, longitudinal, combined familyand family-firm research.The pivotal role of the CEO-parent cannot be overemphasized. Our find-ings certainly document the tendency, in both family and firm, for owner-managers to be more optimistic about the utility of practices and proceduresfor which they have been primarily responsible. The way in which chief ex-ecutive officers express this “positivism” can create potentially damaging dis-connects with others who represent the future of the firm and the family.Increased recognition and self-awareness on the part of CEOs can resultin significant contributions to the future of both family and firm. While notabandoning their positive stance, greater openness to the reality of others’perceptions and views can be quite useful. This point reemphasizes, in a usefulway, what consultants, family members active in the business, boards of advi-sors, and others interested in helping need to know and to wrestle with toimprove the future of these firms.Owner-managers and family-business researchers alike should pay moreattention to the views and roles of non-family managers. It is a tribute to thefamily firms involved that on average, non-family managers perceived thesefirms positively. Most, for example, felt the company should remain a familybusiness. However, this research strongly indicates that their perceptions candiffer significantly from those of the family, signaling potential problem areasneeding attention. Many non-family managers “loved the firm, but . . .”Non-family managers compare their salaries with key executive salaries inpublicly held firms. The compensation and benefits policy of the family-ownedbusiness may need to be benchmarked for external equity or the firm may risklosing key contributors. Vacation policies were also an issue in one firm inwhich non-family managers saw family members enjoy more leisure time thandid non-family managers. Compensation plans that relate non-family manag-
The amplitude spectra of lightning radiation fields in the interval from 1 to 20 MHz

Amplitude spectra of the fast-rising initial portion of the EM fields produced by return strokes, leader steps, and cloud pulse are presented. These data have been derived from ground-based measurements of dE/dt signatures that were recorded in the time domain on a triggered oscilloscope. The spectral amplitudes of first return strokes match previously published data at 1 MHz and decrease with increasing frequency, as 1/f between 1 and about 6 MHz and as 1/f squared between 6 and 20 MHz. The spectral amplitudes of leader steps just before return strokes and the fast portion of cloud pulses that triggered the recording system tend to lie 5 to 10 dB below the amplitudes of first return strokes over the entire frequency interval.
A multiple electrode appliance for chronic recording from small animals

Abstract A multiple electrode appliance for chronic recording from small animals is described.
Ecology, Taxonomy, and Pest Management of Billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Orchardgrass of Virginia

Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L. (Cyperales: Poaceae), is a cool season grass, cultivated throughout the United States as a high-value forage crop. Larval feeding by two weevil species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the bluegrass billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal, and the hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden, has caused widespread economic damage to orchardgrass stands in Virginia. The cryptic feeding habits of these species, combined with a lack of effective systemic insecticides, make billbug control extremely difficult in orchardgrass. Here, we present an overview of the biology of orchardgrass and its associated billbug pests, and review the control options for these pests.
Cytotoxic T cells in paramyxovirus infection of humans

Paramyxoviruses include a number of human and animal pathogens that enter the host and spread through the respiratory tract. In humans, paramyxoviruses include measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MPS), parainfluenza virus (the causative agent of croup), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes bronchitis and pneumonitis in infants. In animals, important pathogens include canine distemper, rinderpest, Newcastle disease, and parainfluenza viruses.
Long-term results of combined-modality therapy for locally advanced breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience.

PURPOSE: To determine outcomes in local-regional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who present with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases and who are treated with combined-modality therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with regional stage IV LABC, which is defined by our institution as LABC with ipsilateral supraclavicular adenopathy without evidence of distant disease, received treatment on three prospective trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil, or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Patients then received local therapy that consisted of either total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or segmental mastectomy and ALND before or after irradiation. Patients with no response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. After completion of local therapy, che...
Ignorance Is Never Bliss in Election Law: What Lawyers Think Doctors Know About the Human Brain and Decisional Capacity Analysis

In 2015, one marginalized group still endures systematic discrimination in the right to vote, based on labels and social stigmatization: those suffering from cognitive and intellectual impairment. The individualized testing currently used to determine individual voter capacity do not enjoy a consensus of scientific support and increasingly outdated as scientific opinion about mental disability has evolved. Current interpretations of mental disability urged by some legal scholars as well as the medical community are exemplified in recent changes to the Kansas state constitution. This Comment proposes nationwide adopt of the ‘Kansas model’ as a possible solution to facilitate the transition from the old exclusive regime of voting rights to the new regime among states incorporating a presumption of inclusion. This Comment concludes by exploring the implications of recent state voter identification laws in that such restrictions act as proxies for the disenfranchisement of the same citizenry, albeit in a more subtle manner, potentially undermining any positive changes made in state or federal election law for mentally disabled persons. While individualized testing is widely preferable to blanket disenfranchisement, whether any of the proposed individualized tests for voter capacity constitute a sound legal standard remains to be seen. Psychological tests assess the cognitive and emotional functioning of individuals. They are routinely used in legal contexts to formulate clinical opinions and provide useful data that can corroborate or contradict hypotheses. In fact, elite scientists currently disagree as to the validity or accuracy of such evaluations garnered by the most technologically sophisticated testing available.
Normal Heart Weight/Body Weight (HW/BW) and Left to Right Ventricular (L/R) Ratios for Rabbits.

In order to have adequate controls for further experimental studies upon cardiac hypertrophy we have considered it necessary to accumulate data from a large series of normal rabbits and to treat this data by statistical methods. Many previous investigators have published average heart weight body weight ratios for small series of rabbits, but there are no figures for the ratio of the left to the right ventricular weights. Hasenfeld and Romberg1 in a control series of 32 normal rabbits found an average of 2.38 gm. of heart muscle per kilo of body weight. Joseph2 in a series of 38 male and 66 female rabbits found an average ratio of 2.67 in the males with a maximum of 3.42 and a minimum of 2.07, while for the females the average ratio was 2.70 with a maximum of 4.47 and a minimum of 2.0 gm. of heart per kilo body weight. Wassermeyer and Rohrbach3 quote Kuelb's average figure on a small series of normal domestic rabbits at 2.70 and Hesse's average figure of 2.70 on a similar series and their own figures on 1...
Cardiac receiving centers: beyond hypothermia.

Purpose of review The role of cardiac arrest centers, more recently termed Cardiac Receiving Centers, in improving outcomes after successful resuscitation is becoming more and more convincing. But which of all the treatments provided by Cardiac Receiving Centers are most beneficial is less certain. This review examines the role of early coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in this regard. Recent findings Cohort studies have consistently found that early coronary angiography is associated with improved long-term outcomes postcardiac arrest. The most common cause for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a myocardial ischemic event. Diagnosing and treating the underlying coronary trigger makes good physiological sense. The major issues are ‘who’ should undergo emergent coronary angiography and ‘when’ should it be done. Standard criteria such as ST segment elevation and precedent chest pains are not very sensitive in identifying those postcardiac arrest with an occluded or culprit lesion. As many as one in four postresuscitated patients without ST elevation have a significant culprit lesion, including at times an acutely occluded coronary. Cardiac Receiving Centers should have the capacity to perform emergent coronary angiography on every resuscitated patient who does not have an obvious noncardiac cause for their arrest. Summary Emergent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention are the most important Cardiac Receiving Center treatments beyond hypothermia. Providing both of these essential postresuscitation therapies is the very purpose of such centers.
Blackbody emission from laser breakdown in high-pressure gases.

Laser induced breakdown of pressurized gases is used to generate plasmas under conditions where the atomic density and temperature are similar to those found in sonoluminescing bubbles. Calibrated streak spectroscopy reveals that a blackbody persists well after the exciting femtosecond laser pulse has turned off. Deviation from Saha's equation of state and an accompanying large reduction in ionization potential are observed at unexpectedly low atomic densities---in parallel with sonoluminescence. In laser breakdown, energy input proceeds via excitation of electrons whereas in sonoluminescence it is initiated via the atoms. The similar responses indicate that these systems are revealing the thermodynamics and transport of a strongly coupled plasma.
Presentation of the 2010 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Robert C. Newton

It is a distinct honor to introduce the 2010 Roebling Medalist, Robert C. Newton. I first met Bob in 1982, in California, on a blueschist and eclogite field trip for which I had been drafted as an anonymous student driver. It was my first year in graduate school, and I was just becoming aware of his work. But as I read and learned in the following years, I realized that this unfailingly polite and considerate personality had contributed to every subject in which I was interested. So imagine my surprise when, some 15 years later, I received an enthusiastic letter from him expressing interest in what we were up to at UCLA, and in moving west upon his retirement to form a collaboration. I replied with alacrity, to the effect that this was about the best idea I’d ever heard. The rest is history: we’ve now worked together as colleagues and friends for about a dozen years. So I am essentially reporting from the front lines when I say that this year’s Medalist is eminently deserving of MSA’s highest award. That Bob now hangs his hat at UCLA represents something of a homecoming, for it is here that he began making his …
A Resinous Mounting Medium Compatible with Azo-Dye Staining for Alkaline Phosphatase

Thick sections, 75-125 μ, are required for adequate demonstration of blood vessels and occasional other structures which show alkaline phosphatase activity. The mounting medium described has been found to be superior for thick sections to others which we have used such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate or glycerol-gelatin. The mounting technique consists of dehydration in absolute ethanol, one change of equal parts of ethanol and cumene, clearing in ethyl benzene, and mounting with synthetic resin dissolved in ethyl benzene.
Clinical Pathology of Neuroblastoma in 24 Children

Objective To investigate the clinical,pathomorphologicala and immunochemical characteristics,diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma(NB) in children.Methods The clinical data of 24 children with NB were obtained from Shenzhen Children′s Hospital during Oct.1998 to Apr.2009.The histological and immunohistochemical characteristics were observed by method of hematoxylineosin staining and immunohistochemical staining separately.The immunohistochemical markers included neuron specific endolase(NSE),synaptophysin(Syn),chromogranin A(CgA),cytokeratin(CK),leucocyte common antigen(LCA),muscle regulatory protein(MyoD1),CD99 and S-100 were detected.Results There were 17 male and 7 female,and male to female ratio was 2.41.0.The patients aged from 6 days to 8 years old.The common clinical symptoms were anemia(16 cases),fever(6 cases) and abdominal pain(3 cases).The most original location was post-peritonium(18 cases),and the next was mediastinum(5 cases).There were approximately 54.2%(13/24 cases) children with metastatic lesions on admission.The metastatic lesions included lymph node(10 cases),bone marrow(7 cases),subcutaneous stratum(1 case),bone,brain,liver and fossa orbitalis(2 cases individually).Histologically,there were 18 cases of NB(6 cases were undifferentiated type,9 cases were poorly differentiated type,and 3 cases were differentiated type),and 6 cases were ganglioneuroblastoma.Immunohistoche-mical staining showed that neuroblast and ganglion cell were positive for NSE 100%,Syn 91.7% and CgA 83.3%,but CD99,MyoD1,CK and LCA were negative,S-100 was only positive in Schwannian stroma.Conclusions NB is one of the most entity malignancy in childhood and usually happens in male.The clinical manifestations are diverse and often misdiagnosed.Diagnosis must be confirmed by pathological examination of tumor tissue.The undifferentiated type needs to be identificated from lymphoma,Ewing′s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma by immunohistochemical staining.
Obstructive uropathy in the neonate.

It is important that the pediatrician or neonatologist remember the high incidence of obstructive uropathy and its ability to remain completely silent. In a circumstance of even minimal suspicion, the physician must obtain a complete evaluation of the infant as well as information regarding the course of the mother’s pregnancy, history of problems in previous births, and a complete maternal and paternal family history.
Detecting “Silent” Allosteric Coupling

Using isothermal calorimetry (ITC), we have found one case where a well-characterized allosteric activator showed no sign of allostery in its ΔG° of binding to successive sites on multiple subunits and another case where successive binding showed no ΔG° binding allostery but did show large entropy-compensated flip-flopping enthalpy changes. This behavior, which we have termed "isoergonic cooperativity" and others have referred to as "silent coupling" is quite simply explained by basic linkage theory when reactions are considered beyond the ΔG° level. Thus, direct calorimetric determination of all thermodynamic parameters including ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°, ΔC (p)°, and d(ΔC (p)°/dt) provides a more informative depiction of a ligand binding event and its consequences than does the mere measurement of ΔG° alone. We further discuss the benefits and limitations of methods that have previously been used to study silent coupling. In particular, ITC is free of the numerous pitfalls inherent in the application of van't Hoff and Arrhenius plots to allosteric phenomena. Aside from having a 30-fold advantage in precision, ITC is capable of measuring changes in enthalpy directly at five more levels of mathematical differentiation than are available to van't Hoff type approaches.
Light induced defect creation kinetics in thin film protocrystalline silicon materials and their solar cells

Using real time spectroscopic ellipsometry to characterize the microstructure and evolutionary growth of Si:H materials deposited with and without hydrogen dilution, phase diagrams were developed which clearly defined and established growth in the protocrystalline regime. Guided by these phase diagrams thin films and intrinsic layers in p-i-n cell structures were grown which consist solely of the protocrystalline phase so that the bulk uniform properties of the material could be characterized with confidence. Studies were carried out on the light induced changes in these films and cell structures that include the annealing out of defects as well as their creation under 1 sun illumination at temperatures from 25°C to 100°C that include the attainment of a degraded steady states (DSS). Defect states were characterized in films with electron mobility lifetimes (μτ), and subgap absorption at 1.2eV (α(1.2)); and in the i material of the p-i-n cells by the bulk limited fill factor (FF). The contributions of the different gap states to SWE are identified and characterized. The absence of direct correlations between α(1.2) with μτ and FF present in undiluted and diluted materials also found in protocrystalline Si:H. Similarities, on the other hand, are found between the μτ products and the FFs including the striking changes in the kinetics that occur at ∼40°C. Direct correlations between the changes in μτ and FF at different temperatures are presented. The reason for this correlation and lack of it for α(1.2) are briefly discussed with direct correlation of the α(1.2) to cell characteristics being presented, be it not with the FF.
Consistency and Independence of Axioms; Other Matters Involving Models

The first part of this lengthy chapter shows that Cartesian (coordinate) space satisfies all thirteen of the axioms of the main development of this book. This means that the axioms are consistent since there is a model, that is, an actual mathematical system, in which all are valid. The second part constructs, for each axiom, a model in which all previously listed axioms are true, but the new one is false. This shows that the newly added axiom is independent of those previously invoked. In the third part, models are exhibited showing the mutual independence of various properties of the definitions of betweenness, mirror mappings, and reflections. The fourth part consists of models showing the insufficiency of the incidence and betweenness axioms for creation of a satisfactory geometry
Lawrence and the Indian: Apprehending ‘Culture’ in the American Southwest

Back in London after his first stay in New Mexico, Lawrence took several friends to see a 1923 Hollywood western, The Covered Wagon, which included about a thousand American Indians in the cast. Dorothy Brett remembered how Lawrence sat ‘tense with excitement’ as he watched, and how Kot, Middleton Murry, Gertler, and she were all ‘infected by [his] love for the West’.1 That Lawrence, who died in France, was eventually buried in Taos, New Mexico, rather than in his family plot in Eastwood or somewhere in Europe, suggests the appropriateness of his final and permanent home in the West.2 Of course, because of his skepticism about people and places, it cannot be said of Lawrence that he ever found his Rananim there. Certainly he was averse to much about American culture: as he sneered in September 1924, in his essay ‘Climbing Down Pisgah’ (written on the ranch that now houses his ashes), ‘Pisgah’s a fraud, and the Promised Land is Pittsburgh. . . and Canaan smells of kerosene’ (RDP 226). However, Lawrence found a dif- ferent version of America, an antidote to its industrialism and commer- cialism, in the pueblo Indians of the American Southwest. Whereas the writings of his Australian sojourn either ignore the aboriginal popula- tion (Kangaroo) or refer sparingly to it (The Boy in the Bush), his writings of the American period foreground native peoples. Their America held for Lawrence the promise of ‘coming home’.
Parent Perceptions of Sexual Education Needs for Their Children With Autism

Purpose Primary responsibility for sexual education for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder falls on parents who have reported a lack of professional and material support. The purpose of this study was to 1) describe parent perceptions of sexual education needs of their children aged 14–20 with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and 2) determine parent-preferred mechanisms of delivery for tailored educational intervention strategies. Design and methods The study aims were accomplished by a qualitative research design using focus groups and telephone interviews assisted by a structured interview guide. Study methods and analysis were guided by social marketing principles. Results A total of 15 parents (5 participated in 1 focus group and 10 completed individual interviews) acknowledged their primary role in providing sexual education for their children and confirmed a need for resources to assist them in this role. All parents in this study found that some level of sexual education was necessary and important and that all children had been introduced to sexual information but in varying degrees. Topic preferences included those that would increase the recognition of healthy relationships, provide a measure of self-protection, and ameliorate undesirable consequences of sexual activity. Parents were knowledgeable about how their children best learned and suggested future interventions use technology interfaces with engaging displays and allow for individualized content. Conclusion and Implications These findings highlight a need for additional research and enhanced clinical services to ensure that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have their informational needs met, are able to avoid risks, and have the greatest capacity for a healthy sexuality as they transition to adulthood.
Evaluation of Flame Photometry For The Determination of Elements of The Rare-Earth Group*†

Summary Because of the occurrence of several of the rare-earth elements and closely related elements as important constituents of the fission products from nuclear reactors, methods for the determination of these elements are essential in the evaluation of control and reprocessing procedures, as well as in the operation of reactors. A study was therefore made of the complex flame spectra of the rare-earth elements and the closely related elements, Y and Sc, for the purpose of evaluating, extending and improving flame photometric methods for the estimation of these elements. Flame photometric data were developed by the use of organic extracts of the chelates of the several elements. The areas in which flame photometry may be applied and limitations imposed by mutual interference are discussed elsewhere. †
Stakeholder Management, Sustainability and Phronesis

In this conceptual paper I address the question of how business should approach issues of sustainability. I present a theoretical perspective marrying three elements: First, the realization that economic metrics alone are an inadequate basis for environmental choices. Second, I contend that management should adopt stakeholder theory which views the corporation as a vehicle to improve the welfare of all those affected by its actions. Finally, I contend that leaders holding stakeholder views are best served by the Aristotelian notion of practical wisdom – phronesis. Phronesis is a quality of character that applies well in the case of managerial attitudes to environmental concerns, since incorporating sustainability imperatives into corporate decision-making requires practical discernment and leadership in addition to technical skill. I will briefly illustrate my case by examining the values exhibited by Ray Anderson, CEO of the international carpet manufacturer, Interface.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a novel microgranular curcumin formulation in healthy volunteers versus head and neck cancer patients.

e12576 Background: Curcumin has been widely recognized as a natural agent with various anti-cancer properties. Limitations include its poor bioavailability and large bulky standard capsular formula...
Applying the Geoscience Education Research Strength of Evidence Pyramid: Developing a Rubric to Characterize Existing Geoscience Teaching Assistant Training Studies.

ABSTRACT Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) are responsible for direct instruction of geoscience undergraduate students at an array of universities and have a major effect on the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of their students. GTAs benefit from in-department training in both beliefs and practices that align with the existing literature on teaching and learning in the discipline, and such training can have long-standing effects when GTAs transition into faculty roles. However, the most recent review, in 2003, revealed little literature examining outcomes of geoscience GTA training programs. Using the framework of the GER Strength of Evidence Pyramid, this article outlines the development and application of a rubric to allow the user to analyze the existing geoscience GTA training literature and provide example study designs at each level of strength. Extending back to 1980, we discovered a total of three peer-reviewed articles describing and empirically evaluating the effect of GTA training programs ...
Summarization of Historical Articles Using Temporal Event Clustering

In this paper, we investigate the use of temporal information for improving extractive summarization of historical articles. Our method clusters sentences based on their timestamps and temporal similarity. Each resulting cluster is assigned an importance score which can then be used as a weight in traditional sentence ranking techniques. Temporal importance weighting offers consistent improvements over baseline systems.
Electrical Conductivity and Superconductivity in Graphite Intercalation Compounds

This paper will provide a current review of the electrical conductivity of the donor and acceptor intercalation compounds of graphite based on the research of the group at Penn and their collaborators.
Strain Dependence of the Magnetic Properties of AISI 4130 and 4140 Alloy Steels

The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials are very sensitive to the mechanical treatment and condition of the material [1]. Therefore magnetic methods for non destructive evaluation of the mechanical properties of steels have received increasing attention in recent years. Techniques ranging from magnetic Barkhausen measurements [2,3,4], magnetoacoustic emission [5,6], residual magnetization [7], field rotation [8], hysteresis [9] and flux leakage [10,11] have all been developed with varying degrees of success.
Millimeter- Wave Detection on Basis of Graphene Photo-Thermoelectric Effect

In this paper, millimeter-wave detection is conducted for the first time on the basis of graphene photo- thermoelectric effect. Upon receiving millimeter- wave radiation, graphene generates hot carriers which diffuse towards the nearby drain and source contact metals, and causing a differential drain -source voltage. To optimize detection performance, devices with different drain and source contact metals as well as graphene geometries are designed and tested. Measured results show that using Yb-graphene-Au metal combination with a 25 /Lm contact length perform the best, with a resnonsivitv of 1.99 V/W.
Finding Order in the Disordered Hydration Shell of Rapidly Exchanging Water Molecules around the Heaviest Alkali Cs+ and Fr.

We report the structural and dynamical characterization of the intrinsically disordered hydration shells of the heaviest alkali ions, Cs+ and Fr+, obtained in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The knowledge of solvation and complexation properties of short-lived Fr+ is very limited and mostly based on extrapolations from the smaller alkali metal ions. To this end, we provide a critical insight into Fr+ solvation, demonstrating an extreme example of disordered solvation with no distinction between the ion-bound and solvent-bound states of water based on the ion–water distance. However, these two states are distinguished through distance-solvent rearrangement correlation, where either coordination number or electric field is employed to treat solvent rearrangement. Utilizing reaction rate theory, we find that the water exchange time scale for Fr+ (2.1–2.3 ps) is unexpectedly slower than for Cs+ (0.5–1.2 ps), because Fr+ experiences stronger nonequilibrium solvent effects. This study provides a new p...
Criterion-related validity of the PDDBI: Comparison with the ADOS-2

Abstract The Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory (PDDBI) was developed to measure response to intervention in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as to aid in diagnosis for clinical and research purposes. This study examined criterion related validity of the PDDBI through comparison with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) in 104 children ages 2–11 years. A positive relationship between the PDDBI Autism Composite and all ADOS-2 scores, as well as some subscale correlations, supported convergent validity of the PDDBI as a measure of ASD symptomatology. Additionally, a significant negative relationship between PDDBI adaptive subscales and ADOS-2 scores reinforced divergent validity. These results add to the literature on the validity of the PDDBI as a measure of ASD symptoms.
Fabrication of Silk Fibroin Fluorescent Nanofibers via Electrospinning

Fluorescent silk fibroin nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning method with three kinds of fluorescent dyes. Electrospun fluorescent nanofibers showed smooth surfaces and average diameters of 873 ± 135 nm, 835 ± 195 nm, and 925 ± 205 nm, respectively, for silk fibroin-fluorescein sodium, silk fibroin-rhodamine B, and silk fibroin-acridine orange nanofibers containing 2.0 wt% fluorescent dyes. At the same time, the secondary structure of silk fibroin in fluorescent nanofibers was predominantly amorphous conformation without influence by adding different concentrations of fluorescent dyes, as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Thermal degradation behavior of fluorescent silk fibroin nanofibers with a dramatic decrease in weight residue was observed at around 250 °C. The fluorescence effect of fluorescent silk fibroin nanofibers was changed by changing the concentration of different fluorescent dyes. These fluorescent nanofibers may make promising textile materials for large scale application.
Demonstration of 2D NMR Spectroscopy in a Powered Magnet at 25 T Using Cascade Field Regulation

This work describes the development and verification of a cascade feedback regulation system to reduce temporal field fluctuations to allow nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments in powered magnets. Powered magnets provide higher magnetic fields than persistent mode superconducting magnets, but require an external power source to achieve high fields. High magnetic field strengths provide improved sensitivity and spectral resolution for NMR spectroscopy. Unfortunately, powered magnets suffer from temporal magnetic field fluctuations due to the power supply ripple and variations in cooling water temperature and flow rate. Powered magnets also suffer from spatial inhomogeneity. The combination of field fluctuations and spatial inhomogeneity make powered magnets infeasible for NMR spectroscopy. In particular, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiments which resolve off-diagonal cross peaks requires the spatial homogeneity and time-invariant field strength afforded by persistent mode magnets. Previous work has shown that feedback regulation using an inductive sensor can dramatically reduce the effect of temporal fluctuations on the magnetic field, and a combination of ferroshims and sample spinning can be used to improve spatial homogeneity. This work presents a cascade feedback regulation system that utilizes both inductive and NMR measurements. To verify the field regulation algorithm, we demonstrate a well-known two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiment in which cross peaks are resolved in a 16.3 MW powered magnet that provides a 25 T field. To our knowledge, this is the first 2D NMR spectroscopy results reported for a powered magnet where cross peaks are resolved.
Excited State Torsional Processes in Chalcogenopyrylium Monomethine Dyes

Chalcogenopyrylium monomethine (CGPM) dyes represent a class of environmentally activated singlet oxygen generators with applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoassisted chemotherapy (P...
Truncating Matrx-free Time-Domain Method with PML for Solving 3-D Open Region Problems

In this paper we develop a formulation to truncate the matrix-free time-domain (MFTD) method in unstructured meshes with PML. Utilizing the strength of the MFTD method in handling arbitrarily shaped elements, we employ an orthogonal-grid based discretization in the PML, while keeping the unstructured meshes in the solution domain. The proposed formulation in PML is conformal to the original MFTD method in unstructured meshes, and hence can be readily employed to truncate MFTD for simulating open-region problems. Numerical results have validated the proposed method.
HLA class-I and class-II restricted neoantigen loads predict overall survival in breast cancer

Tumors acquire numerous mutations during development and progression. When translated into proteins, these mutations give rise to neoantigens that can be recognized by T cells and generate antibodi...