cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protocol adherence and safety of intravenous thrombolysis after telephone consultation with a stroke center.

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute ischemic stroke must be provided in an appropriate setting. The best way to provide thrombolysis in small community hospitals remains uncertain. Medical records were reviewed of tPA treatments at a stroke center between January 2002 and October 2005. The stroke center provides phone consultation for acute stroke to smaller hospitals in the region. Subjects were classified into 3 groups: tPA started at referring hospitals before transfer (treat and transfer group), tPA started at the stroke center after transfer (transfer and treat group), and the control group of patients who presented directly to the stroke center and received tPA (stroke center group). We recorded the patient and treatment characteristics, protocol deviations, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and in-hospital deaths. There were 133 patients in the treat and transfer group, 35 patients in the transfer and treat group, and 86 patients in the stroke center group. Time from onset to treatment was similar in the treat and transfer and the stroke center groups, but the door-to-needle time was shorter by 12 minutes in the latter ( P = .02). Fifty-five protocol deviations occurred in 38% patients in the treat and transfer group, compared with 6% in the stroke center group ( P
Complete Genome of Bacillus megaterium Podophage Pony

ABSTRACT Bacillus megaterium podophage Pony was isolated from a soil sample collected in College Station, TX. Here, we report the sequencing and annotation of the 39,844-bp genome of phage Pony and describe the major features identified.
Concepts and terminology of apical dominance

Apical dominance is the control exerted by the shoot apex over lateral bud outgrowth. The concepts and terminology associated with apical dominance as used by various plant scientists sometimes differ, which may lead to significant misconceptions. Apical dominance and its release may be divided into four developmental stages: (I) lateral bud formation, (II) imposition of inhibition on lateral bud growth, (III) release of apical dominance following decapitation, and (IV) branch shoot development. Particular emphasis is given to discriminating between Stage III, which is accompanied by initial bud outgrowth during the first few hours of release and may be promoted by cytokinin and inhibited by auxin, and Stage IV, which is accompanied by subsequent bud outgrowth occurring days or weeks after decapitation and which may be promoted by auxin and gibberellin. The importance of not interpreting data measured in Stage IV on the basis of conditions and processes occurring in Stage III is discussed as well as the correlation between degree of branching and endogenous auxin content, branching mutants, the quantification of apical dominance in various species (including Arabidopsis), and apical control in trees. Apical dominance may be defined as the control exerted by the shoot apex over the outgrowth of the lateral buds (Cline, 1994). This is a classical example of a developmental correlation where one organ of a plant affects another organ (Sachs, 1991). Apical dominance is also referred to as ‘‘correlative inhibition’’ (Hillman, 1984) or in the dormancy literature as ‘‘paradormancy,’’ a type of growth control involving a biochemical signal from another structure (Lang, 1990). The terminology and concepts associated with apical dominance as used by molecular biologists, geneticists, ecologists, foresters, agronomists, botanists, horticulturists, and plant physiologists often vary in meaning. For instance, do ‘‘release of apical dominance,’’ ‘‘bud initiation,’’ ‘‘sprouting,’’ ‘‘tillering,’’ ‘‘regrowth,’’ ‘‘compensatory growth,’’ ‘‘release of meristems,’’ ‘‘branching,’’ ‘‘feathering,’’ ‘‘lateral shoot development,’’ ‘‘axillary bud outgrowth,’’ ‘‘activation of dormant buds,’’ and ‘‘branch induction’’ all have precisely the same meaning? There is generally little difficulty as long as there is understanding as to the context with which the terms are used. However, in some cases significant misconceptions may arise. It is the objective of the present essay to explore some of these misconceptions and their implications and to offer some suggestions on the quantification of apical dominance that may be helpful. Although the scope here is general, specific discussions on Arabidopsis branching and apical control in trees are also included. As an apical shoot meristem of a herbaceous plant develops, axillary buds ‘‘arise exogenously from superficial cell layers in the axils of leaf primordia’’ (Fahn, 1990). These embryonic lateral buds may have inhibition imposed upon them shortly after their formation or after a brief period of growth. As Steeves and Sussex (1989) 1
Interplay between childhood maltreatment, parental bonding, and gender effects: impact on quality of life

Objective The aim of this study was to examine associations between childhood adversity, parental bonding, gender, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in non-treatment-seeking adults from the community.
Postantibiotic Effects of Grepafloxacin Compared to Those of Five Other Agents against 12 Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria

The postantibiotic effect (PAE) (10× the MIC) and the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5× the MIC) were determined for six compounds against 12 strains. Measurable PAEs ranged between 0 and 1.8 h for grepafloxacin, 0 and 2.2 h for ciprofloxacin, 0 and 3.1 h for levofloxacin, 0 and 2.2 h for sparfloxacin, 0 and 2.4 h for amoxicillin-clavulanate and 0 and 4.8 h for clarithromycin. Reexposure to subinhibitory concentrations increased the PAEs against some strains.
Design For An 80 Ring Optical-fiber PET

An optical-fiber positron tomograph with 240 PMT’s has been designed which samples the image at 0.625 mm intervals in all three dimensions over a 10 cm axial field of view. The image voxels have dimensions of 2.5 mm and a fractional standard deviation of 0.20 for the image voxel events. These results are achieved for the caudate nucleus region of a radioactive source associated with a published brain image.
New Guidelines for the Preliminary Design and Performance Prediction of Axial-Flow Turbines:

Performance charts are included that enable appropriate initial choices (that is, before final design by methods of computational fluid dynamics) to be made of reaction and flow coefficient (or blade row outlet angle) for specified stage loadings in axial-flow turbines. The radial variation in vector diagrams that leads to acceptable radial distributions of reaction at various hub-shroud diameter ratios and loadings are discussed and plotted. From these, the ranges of design freedom to choose the annulus cross-section (for example constant o.d. or i.d.) are plotted as a function of turbine pressure ratio. Also developed is a method of correlating and adding losses that should be more consistent and thermodynamically more rigorous than some previously used methods.
The influence of cognitive tasks on vestibular-induced eye movements in young and older adults.

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the mechanism of the influence of concurrent cognitive tasks on eye movements induced by earth-vertical axis rotation (EVAR) in young and older participants. Ten young (ages 21-34), ten young-old (ages 65-74) and nine older participants (ages 75-84) each performed five different cognitive tasks during sinusoidal EVAR in darkness at 0.02 Hz for three cycles, 0.05 Hz for four cycles, and 0.1 Hz for five cycles, all at a peak velocity of 50 degrees per second. The five tasks differed from one another in terms of their inherent sensory and motor components and were designed to provide insight into the effect of cognitive processing on VOR dynamics. Tasks included auditory frequency and lateralization disjunctive reaction time (DRT) tasks, silent and audible backward counting, and a question- response clinical standard task. For the DRT trials, tones were presented to the participant through earphones. Participants were instructed to respond as accurately and as quickly as possible. Eye movements were recorded with electro-oculography and calibrations were performed before and after every five rotations in all subjects. Participants had an increase in VOR phase lead while performing DRT tasks as compared to the clinical standard and counting tasks. The effect was most noticeable at the 0.02 Hz frequency and was present in all age groups. In addition, we observed a decrease in VOR gain while subjects performed auditory DRT tasks during EVAR at 0.02 Hz, 0.05 Hz and 0.1 Hz as compared to the clinical standard and counting tasks. These results suggest cognitive task-dependent interference between central auditory processing and vestibular processing primarily at the sensory rather than at the motor level.
Simultaneous Detection of Ten Psychedelic Phenethylamines in Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Psychedelic phenethylamines are an emerging class of designer drugs capable of producing a complex array of sought after adrenergic and hallucinogenic effects. Toxicological detection poses a number of challenges to laboratories. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for the detection of psychedelic amphetamines using techniques that are widely accepted in forensic toxicology laboratories. In all, 10 target analytes were selected: 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B), 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-H), 2,5-dimethoxy-4iodophenethylamine (2C-I), 2,5-dimethoxy-4ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET), 2,5-dimethoxy4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), and 2,5-dimethoxy-4methylamphetamine (DOM). Target drugs in urine were analyzed by gas chromatography in selected ion monitoring mode after mixed-mode solid-phase extraction. Limits of detection for all analytes were 2-10 ng/mL, and limits of quantitation were 10 ng/mL or less. Precision evaluated at 50 and 500 ng/mL yielded CVs of 0.4-7.9% and accuracy in the range 91-116%. Calibration curves were linear to 1500 ng/mL using mescaline-d₉ as the internal standard. No carryover was evident at 5000 ng/mL (the highest concentration tested) and no interferences were observed from the presence of other structurally related compounds or endogenous bases.
Control of a back-to-back VSC system from grid-connection to islanded mode in microgrids

VSC systems have been deployed in microgrids which have two operating modes: grid-connected and autonomous modes. The initial phase of VSC output voltage after a microgrid switches from the grid connected mode to the autonomous mode could significantly affect the microgrid performance if there is an induction machine. This paper focuses on the initial phase selection at the control mode transition point of VSC systems and its effect on microgrids. A simple and effective approach to determine the initial phase is developed. A microgrid consisting of a back-to-back VSC, passive loads and an induction machine is built in PSCAD/EMTDC. The impacts of initial phase of the VSC output voltage on both the induction machine and the VSC system are investigated. The comparison of with and without initial phase consideration demonstrates that both a better transient and steady-state performances are obtained if the initial phase is selected properly.
Recursive inversion of externally defined linear systems by FIR filters

The approximate inversion of an internally unknown linear system, given by its impulse response sequence, by an inverse system having a finite impulse response, is considered. The recursive least-squares procedure is shown to have an exact initialization based on the triangular Toeplitz structure of the matrix involved. The proposed approach also suggests solutions to the problem of system identification and compensation. >
Disease location is associated with survival in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Background We investigated whether disease location influences survival in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods and Results Patients (n=12 731; mean age, 67.5±12.7 years; 57.4% male) who underwent outpatient noninvasive lower extremity arterial evaluation were followed up for 5.9±3.1 years for all-cause mortality. Peripheral arterial disease (n=8930) was defined as a resting or postexercise ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90, and normal ABI (n=3 801) was defined as a resting and postexercise ABI of 1.00 to 1.30. Presence or absence of disease at the proximal location or distal location was determined on the basis of Doppler signals in leg arteries; 42% had no PD or DD, 45% had proximal (14% postexercise PD only), 30% had distal disease, 17% had both proximal and distal disease, 28% had proximal only and 14% had distal only. We performed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with disease location, and Cox proportional hazard regression to assess the respective effects of proximal or distal disease on survival. Older age, male sex, diabetes, heart failure, and critical limb ischemia were associated with distal disease, whereas female sex, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and critical limb ischemia were associated with proximal disease. Over a mean follow-up of 5.9±3.1 years, 3039 patients (23.9%) died. After adjustment for potential confounders, the hazard ratios (HRs) of death associated with PD only and DD only were 1.3 (1.3 to 1.4) and 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6), respectively. After additional adjustment for resting ABI, there was no significant association between proximal disease and death, whereas the association of distal disease with death remained significant (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3). Conclusions In patients with peripheral arterial disease, proximal and distal disease locations were associated with distinctive risk factor and comorbidity profiles. Distal disease was associated with worse survival even after adjustment for risk factors, comorbidities, and resting ABI.
Naturally Occurring Tyzzer's Disease in a Serval (Felis Capenis)

Tyzzer’s disease is a naturally occurring fatal infection of young animals that has been reported in a number of wild, domestic, and laboratory animals. 1,2,7-9,11,14,15 In this paper, we describe a case of naturally occurring Tyzzer’s disease that caused enteritis, hepatitis and myocarditis in a African serval (Felis capensis). A 3-week-old female serval kitten was submitted to the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center for necropsy examination. The serval is an African wild cat with a black-spotted tawny coat, long legs, and no ear tufts. This kitten was one of 6 in the litter. Three kittens died at birth. At 1 week of age, the remaining 3 kittens were weaned and placed in an incubator. At 3 weeks of age, 2 kittens died suddenly with no clinical signs.
Architecture for a non-deterministic simulation machine

Causality constraints of random discrete simulation make parallel and distributed processing difficult. Methods of applying reconfigurable logic to implement and accelerate simulation service event queues are presented which process simulation events at a rate of one event per 80 ns. The event generator presented in our previous work (Bumble and Coraor, 1998) is also capable of sustaining the 80 ns clock rate, providing overall speedup rates which depend on the software comparison scenario. The software comparison cited in this work provides a 2-order-of-magnitude speedup. The speedup factor varies with the size of the software event queue. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are used to implement and test the service queue design.
A low-leakage dynamic multi-ported register file in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS

Increasing leakage currents combined with reduced noise margins are seriously degrading the robustness of dynamic circuits. This paper describes a dynamic implementation of a 256/spl times/32b 4-read/write-port register-file for /spl sim/6 GHz operation at 1.2 V in a 0.13 /spl mu/m technology. The pre-charged local bit-lines utilize an efficient conditional keeper-technique, where a large fraction of the keeper is turned ON only if the dynamic output remains high in the evaluation phase. Using this technique, we are able to improve upon all-low-Vt performance by 4%, while maintaining dual-Vt usage. Thus, the robustness is improved by 96% and the active leakage power is reduced by 5/spl times/.
Laser lysis of an esophageal web.

performed.4,9,16 Inasmuch as granulocytopenic patients require antibiotics for frequent infections, there is altered bowel flora permitting bowel wall invasion by nonpathologic bacteria. Commonly cultured saprophytes from bowel wall, lymph nodes or blood include Clostridia, Pseudomonas, E. coli, and Candida. Clostridia difficile toxin has not been reported in granulocytopenic typhlitis. It should, however, be looked for inasmuch as specific antibiotic therapy might be curative. Early diagnosis with institution of antibiotics, blood product replacement, and rapid attempt to induce remission with appropriate chemotherapy is essential. Surgery is recommended only for persistent bleeding, the presence of an acute surgical abdomen or other evidence of perforation, the presence of Clostridium septicum (gas gangrene), and clinical deterioration requiring vasopressors, suggesting uncontrolled sepSiS.57,17-19 If surgery is performed, a right hemicolectomy is preferred since localized excision of the cecum or appendix usually results in a fatal recurrence.5, 6,16 The pathogenesis of this disorder is unknown. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are associated with a decreased ability to combat infection and an increased bleeding tendency, respectively. Although patients with neutropenic typhlitis are usually taking a plethora of drugs including steroids, antibiotics, and various chemotherapeutic agents, no known drug has been demonstrated to be an etiologic agent. Known complications of drug therapy include altered bacterial flora, mucosal ulceration, inhibition of inflammation, and mucosal repair, all of which may contribute to typhlitis. Differential diagnosis usually includes ischemic colitis, Ogilvie's syndrome, acute appendicitis, and pseudomembranous colitis. This case is unusual because it presented with an exophytic ulcerated tumor mass in the cecum simulating a malignancy. Colonoscopy confirmed neutropenic typhlitis and the patient responded to medical management.
Two-dimensional substructure of stereo and motion interactions in macaque visual cortex

The analysis of object motion and stereoscopic depth are important tasks that are begun at early stages of the primate visual system. Using sparse white noise, we mapped the receptive field substructure of motion and disparity interactions in neurons in V1 and MT of alert monkeys. Interactions in both regions revealed subunits similar in structure to V1 simple cells. For both motion and stereo, the scale and shape of the receptive field substructure could be predicted from conventional tuning for bars or dot-field stimuli, indicating that the small-scale interactions were repeated across the receptive fields. We also found neurons in V1 and in MT that were tuned to combinations of spatial and temporal binocular disparities, suggesting a possible neural substrate for the perceptual Pulfrich phenomenon. Our observations constrain computational and developmental models of motion-stereo integration.
Response to repetitive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation in hypothalamic and pituitary disease.

Abstract The gonadotropin response to 100 μg of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) administered three times intravenously at 2-hour intervals was measured to ascertain whether this would distinguish between patients with hypothalamic and those with pituitary disease. Responses in two patients with Kallmann's syndrome were compared to those in patients with other forms of hypothalamic or pituitary disease, including weight-loss amenorrhea, panhypopituitarism, and hyperprolactinemia. The conclusion was that a triple-bolus LH-RH test is not adequate to distinguish patients who are potentially treatable with LH-RH from those in whom no stimulation can be anticipated.
Slavery and the Meetinghouse: The Quakers and the Abolitionist Dilemma, 1820–1865

Slavery and the Meetinghouse: The Quakers and the Abolitionist Dilemma, 1820–1865, by Ryan P. Jordan, Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 2007, xiv, 175 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-253-...
Cultural Resources and Cognitive Frames: Keys to an Anthropological Approach to Prediction

In this chapter, I suggest a methodological and theoretical framework for preliminary investigations designed to gauge the potential societal response to the discovery of either microbial or intelligent extraterrestrial life. The uncritical use of analogies to the ethnographic record of contact between societies and the discovery of extraterrestrial life has been, rightfully, the target of sharp criticism since the earliest days of the scientific search for this life. However, I argue that by approaching this record with different epistemological premises, and shifting the focus from the material to the symbolic and cognitive dimensions of this contact, one can avoid many of the pitfalls of the analogical mode of argumentation, and provide a solid conceptual basis for the development of an adequate heuristic. Specifically, I draw upon the germinal debate between Sahlins and Obeyesekere over the nature of human meaning-making in the face of radically other societies and their meanings to treat the discovery of an intelligent civilization. In parallel, I draw upon Sharp’s discussion of the relationship between the changes in the symbolic order and the material organization of society to suggest that much of this analysis also applies to the discovery of extraterrestrial microbial life. In both cases, I do not argue for a one-to-one correspondence between the historical and the contemporary, but rather use these arguments as illustrations of what I see as particularly profitable modes of conceptualizing the universal human processes of making sense out of novel objects and phenomena. Finally, this chapter argues for a mixed-methods quantitative-qualitative investigation into the character and distribution of societal resources for understanding life and intelligence, rather than the extraterrestrial as such. The qualitative is advanced as a necessary adjunct to the quantitative, as the best method for gaining access to the repertoire of cultural frames upon which people more or less unconsciously draw in forming their understandings of the world. The focus on life and intelligence is justified both insofar as they are the categories which will be brought to bear on the extraterrestrial in terms of integrating it into people’s worldviews, and insofar as these categories are substantially more implicated in both societal and personal stability than that of the extraterrestrial as such.
Introduction to "Mechanisms of Elementary Eye Movements as a Tracking System"

The following paper, by Andreeva, Vergiles, & Lomov, presents a major part of the research done in the last few years in the Perception Laboratory of the recently established Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Single Molecules

Time correlated photon counting measurements on single protein molecules provide information on conformational dynamics. Time-resolved Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy allows vibrational imaging and spectroscopy of biological systems with high sensitivity.
Crowdsourcing for NLP

Crowdsourced applications to scientific problems is a hot research area, with over 10,000 publications in the past five years. Platforms such as Amazons Mechanical Turk and CrowdFlower provide researchers with easy access to large numbers of workers. The crowds vast supply of inexpensive, intelligent labor allows people to attack problems that were previously impractical and gives potential for detailed scientific inquiry of social, psychological, economic, and linguistic phenomena via massive sample sizes of human annotated data. We introduce crowdsourcing and describe how it is being used in both industry and academia. Crowdsourcing is valuable to computational linguists both (a) as a source of labeled training data for use in machine learning and (b) as a means of collecting computational social science data that link language use to underlying beliefs and behavior. We present case studies for both categories: (a) collecting labeled data for use in natural language processing tasks such as word sense disambiguation and machine translation and (b) collecting experimental data in the context of psychology; e.g. finding how word use varies with age, sex, personality, health, and happiness. We will also cover tools and techniques for crowdsourcing. Effectively collecting crowdsourced data requires careful attention to the collection process, through selection of appropriately qualified workers, giving clear instructions that are understandable to non-?experts, and performing quality control on the results to eliminate spammers who complete tasks randomly or carelessly in order to collect the small financial reward. We will introduce different crowdsourcing platforms, review privacy and institutional review board issues, and provide rules of thumb for cost and time estimates. Crowdsourced data also has a particular structure that raises issues in statistical analysis; we describe some of the key methods to address these issues. No prior exposure to the area is required.
A comprehensive simulation model of the performance of photochromic films in absorbance-modulation-optical-lithography

Optical lithography is the most prevalent method of fabricating micro-and nano-scale structures in the semiconductor industry due to the fact that patterning using photons is fast, accurate and provides high throughput. However, the resolution of this technique is inherently limited by the physical phenomenon of diffraction. Absorbance-Modulation-Optical Lithography (AMOL), a recently developed technique has been successfully demonstrated to be able to circumvent this diffraction limit. AMOL employs a dual-wavelength exposure system in conjunction with spectrally selective reversible photo-transitions in thin films of photochromic molecules to achieve patterning of features with sizes beyond the far-field diffraction limit. We have developed a finite-element-method based full-electromagnetic-wave solution model that simulates the photo-chemical processes that occur within the thin film of the photochromic molecules under illumination by the exposure and confining wavelengths in AMOL. This model allows us ...
Quantum Light Signatures and Nanosecond Spectral Diffusion from Cavity-Embedded Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are considered for novel optoelectronic and quantum photonic devices, such as single photon sources, but methods must be developed to enhance the light extraction and spectral purity, while simultaneously preventing multiphoton emission as well as spectral diffusion and blinking in dielectric environments of a cavity. Here we demonstrate that utilization of nonpolar polystyrene as a cavity dielectric completely removes spectral diffusion and blinking in individual SWCNTs on the millisecond to multisecond time scale, despite the presence of surfactants. With these cavity-embedded SWCNT samples, providing a 50-fold enhanced exciton emission into the far field, we have been able to carry out photophysical studies for the first time with nanosecond timing resolution. We uncovered that fast spectral diffusion processes (1–3 ns) remain that make significant contributions to the spectral purity, thereby limiting the use of SWCNTs in quantum optical applications requiring i...
Kinesonic Repertoire and Racial Discourse in Japanese Brazilian Taiko Practice

Over the past decade there has been an unprecedented surge of interest in taiko ensemble drumming ( kumi-daiko ) in Brazil, with more than 150 ensembles currently performing in states all across the country. This paper focuses on the performance and pedagogy of Setsuo Kinoshita, a second-generation Japanese Brazilian taiko musician and composer who maintains a successful taiko academy in Sao Paulo, Brazil and directs two ensembles, Wadaiko Sho and Setsuo Kinoshita Taiko Group. Based on class and performance observation, as well as interviews conducted with Kinoshita and his students between 2003 and 2013, this study argues that Brazilian styles of taiko practice, which work to heal the traumas of ethnic exclusion from the Brazilian nation state, emerge at the crossroads of Japanese and Brazilian kinesonic repertoires.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is classified by the character of the menstrual cycle: ovulatory or anovulatory. Anovulation can occur at any age and is physiologic in the first year or two after menarche and for several years before menopause. Anovulatory cycles are characteristically irregular and marked by prolonged episodes of bleeding unassociated with signs or symptoms of ovulation. Specific causes of anovulation such as hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disease, androgen excess, anorexia, obesity, and excess exercise can be treated specifically; otherwise, therapy depends upon patient goals. Cycle regulation can be affected by monthly courses of progestin, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), 10 mg daily for 10 days each month. Contraception and cycle regulation can both be accomplished with oral contraceptives. Fertility, on the other hand, will require ovulation induction. Ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding most prevalent in parous women between the ages of 20 and 40 is associated with regular cycle intervals and premenstrual molimina. Midcycle and perimenstrual spotting can often be treated with observation only, but depending upon patient and/or physician concerns, periodic hormonal suppression is effective. The management of menorrhagia should include the following: (1) exclusion of pathology in the genital tract; (2) reduction in activity during days of heavy flow; (3) the avoidance of aspirin in the week before and on days of flow; (4) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; (5) cycle suppression--oral contraceptives, danazol (Danocrine), depo-progestin; (6) luteal phase progestin; and (7) surgical intervention.
In Situ Fabricated Microchannels using Porous Polymer and Xenon Difluoride Etchant

A novel microfluidic fabrication technique which allows in situ formed silicon micGOchannels and does not necessitate substrate bonding is presented. A gas-permeable polymer membrane acts as the top surface of the microchannel, allowing xenon difluoride (XeF2) etchant to pass unobstructed to the silicon substrate. Exposed silicon areas on the wafer are then etched isotropically.
Generalized conflict-clause strengthening for satisfiability solvers

The dominant propositional satisfiability solvers of the past decade use a technique often called conflict-driven clause learning (cdcl), although nomenclature varies. The first half of the decade concentrated on deriving the best clause from the conflict graph that the technique constructs, also with much emphasis on speed. In the second half of the decade efforts have emerged to exploit other information that is derived by the technique as a by-product of generating the conflict graph and learning a conflict clause. The main thrust has been to strengthen the conflict clause by eliminating some of its literals, a process often called conflict-clause minimization, but more accurately described as conflictclause width reduction, or strengthening. This paper first introduces implication sequences as a general framework to represent all the information derived by the CDCL technique, some of which is not represented in the conflict graph. Then the paper analyzes the structure of this information. The first main result is that any conflict clause that is a logical consequence of an implication sequence may be derived by a particularly simple form of resolution, known as linear input regular. A key observation needed for this result is that the set of clauses in any implication sequence is Horn-renamable. The second main result is that, given an implication sequence, and a clause C derived (learned) from it, it is NP-hard to find a minimum-cardinality subset of C that is also derivable. This is in sharp contrast to the known fact that such a minimum subset can be found quickly if the derivation is restricted to using only clauses in the conflict graph.
The nuclear threat: a new start

President Obama has said that he intends to "make the goal of eliminating all nuclear weapons a central element in [US] nuclear policy". He faces enormous challenges in converting this aspiration into a practical reality, both at home and abroad. One reason is that the world has become accustomed to thinking of nuclear weapons the way Winston Churchill described them in 1955: "It may be that we shall by a process of sublime irony have reached a stage in this story where safety will be the sturdy child of terror, and survival the twin brother of annihilation." Over half a century later, the world has changed and the "sublime irony" is that terror and annihilation still loom over humanity, while safety and survival are still in doubt.
Network Governance as a Mechanism for Responding to Internet Violence

Jones, Hesterly and Borgatti (1997) proposed a general theory of network governance (GTNG), identifying conditions under which network governance is likely to develop and detailing four social mech...
Differential Algebraic Equations

This chapter documents how to formulate and solve optimization problems with differential and algebraic equations (DAEs). The pyomo.dae package allows users to easily incorporate detailed dynamic models within an optimization framework and is flexible enough to represent a wide variety of differential equations. We also demonstrate several automated solution techniques included in pyomo.dae that apply a simultaneous discretization approach to solve dynamic optimization problems.
The Best Leadership Model for Organizational Change Management: Transformational Verses Servant Leadership

The differences between the transformational and servant leadership models have significant implications concerning organizational change management. First, transformational leaders have a stronger focus on intellectual stimulation than servant leaders. Servant leader emphasize developing their followers’ personal potential and facilitating their personal growth whereas, transformational leaders emphasize enhancing employees’ innovation and creativity. This concept is important because it illustrates the servant leader’s focus on individual development and the transformational leader’s focus on organizational development. Second, servant leaders place greater emphasis on behaviors associated with valuing individuals at an emotional level and learning from others. Third, transformational leader are more willing to take risks to attain organizational success and eliminate ineffective processes and systems. The servant leader is willing to take initiative but only in the sense of initial strategic planning, new programs for added efficiency, and ultimate responsibility for the company’s success. The transformational leader’s focus on risk taking as an essential component of leadership is significantly greater than that of the servant leader. Fourth, the servant leader is more will to forsake self-advancement and rewards toward the betterment of followers. These differing attributes are analyzed in this paper to determine which model promises to be more effective in implementing organizational change management.
Three-year assessment of one pre-licensure cohort of baccalaureate nursing students’ attitude, comfort and knowledge of genomics

Objective: Descriptive three-year comparison of one pre-licensure cohort of baccalaureate nursing students’ genomic knowledge, attitude and comfort level. Methods: Two analyses were of interest, utilizing the same survey instrument, Genetics/Genomics Literacy Assessment (GGLA): 1) Comparison of pre vs. post intervention on the sophomore (2nd year) class and 2) Retention of the information through junior (3rd year) and senior year (4th year). Two analyses were of interest: 1) Comparison of pre-class vs. post-class assessment on sophomore [2nd year] students and 2) Retention of the information through junior [3rd year] and senior year [4th year]. Results: For the total score variable [retention of genomic knowledge over time] data was sophomore vs junior vs senior means of 7.1 vs. 6.9 vs. 8.7, p < .001 showing maintenance from sophomore (post-class assessment) to junior year with an increase in the senior year score for the cohort of students. Comparison of pre-class vs post-class on the sophomore class resulted in statistically significant differences demonstrating higher knowledge after class. Enhancement of confidence, perceptions and attitude regarding genomics was evident with comparison of pre-class vs. post-class and overtime after taking foundational course. Overall, data showed that students felt that nurse educators need more confidence in teaching and explaining as well as in patient advocacy. Conclusions: Promoting knowledge and practice integration of universal genomic health requires healthcare professionals, educators and students be knowledgeable and cognizant of their participation to advance client health outcomes.
Novel approach for production transient analysis of shale reservoirs using the drainage volume derivative

Abstract Recent research into transient reservoir response has developed a novel formulation of the diffusivity equation to model pressure, rate, and production, especially for unconventional reservoirs. This formulation characterizes the geometry of pressure propagation through a reservoir taking into account the heterogeneity of the reservoir and the boundary conditions which arise from multiple fractures and complex well completions. The formulation is derived from the asymptotic (high frequency) limit of the diffusivity equation for the impulse pressure solution. The formulation requires the solution of the Eikonal equation for the Diffusive Time of Flight (DToF) and the corresponding pore volume geometry contained within a Diffusive Time of Flight contour. Once the pore volume geometry is constructed, it may be used as the basis for either numerical or analytic solution. While numerical solutions are more general, the analytic approach is more readily applicable to production data analysis. The analytic approach may be used to determine two important field characteristics: the drainage volume of a well and the ratio of the produced volume to the drainage volume. In the pseudo steady state (PSS) limit, the latter would be the recovery factor for a reservoir. These quantities may be predicted from a model (for calibration purposes) or calculated directly from production data without resorting to any modeling. In this paper, we work directly with field production and pressure data to infer the drainage volume, and the instantaneous recovery ratio, defined as the ratio of the produced volume to the drainage volume. We also introduce a new w ( τ ) function that is related to a combined fracture and reservoir surface area. Our work draws upon the commonly used pressure transient and Rate Normalized Pressure (RNP) concepts. However, it specifically generalizes the concept of the drainage volume from PSS flow to transient flow, as is required for unconventional reservoirs, and then infers the underlying flow geometry to help differentiate and analyze different reservoir and fracture properties. The proposed formulation is applied to the analysis of the production data from shale oil reservoirs. The field data has been interpreted to describe the variations in performance characteristics seen in a number of wells.
Introducing Resilience into Multi-UAV System-of-Systems Network

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in a variety of missions such as surveillance, law enforcement, agriculture, search and rescue, and payload delivery. Multiple UAVs are simultaneously deployed by both government and civilian organizations to achieve superior coverage and a more flexible response to disrupting events. In this chapter, multi-UAV systems are discussed from a system-of-system (SoS) perspective. It is hypothesized that the key advantage of this approach is the flexibility afforded to study different interaction protocols and conduct trade-offs in terms of both resource allocation and function allocation to the different members in the multi-UAV SoS. It is also hypothesized that this approach will allow studying of SoS resilience and resilience approaches, and if resilience approaches are chosen systematically the chances of safe and fast recovery will increase significantly while dealing with disruptions. This chapter also discusses single- and multi-UAV modeling and presents preliminary simulation results.
CD19 CAR T Cells

CARs are synthetic receptors that reprogram immune cells for therapeutic purposes. They comprise three canonical domains for antigen recognition, T cell activation, and costimulation. The CAR cDNA is genetically integrated in the T cell genome. Autologous CAR T cells are generated from the patient's peripheral blood T cells and expand in the recipient to eliminate the targeted tumor. To view this Bench to Bedside, open or download the PDF.
The Influence of Habitual Protein Intake on Body Composition and Muscular Strength in Career Firefighters

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the relationship among protein (PRO) intake, body composition, and muscle strength in overweight and obese firefighters. A secondary objective w...
Yankı: Veya Sözcüklerin Kökeni Üzerine

It is within the context of thinking about the phenomenology and semiotics of the human experience of the world that this article explores the twin topics of sound and listening. The discussion is informed by Jean-Luc Nancy’s recent volume Listening, a philosophy of sound that, I argue, raises communication as a question of listening. The first part of the article draws out this question from Nancy. The second part connects it to Werner Hamacher’s examination of the word as a gift of Being (Heidegger), which resonates, or can be heard, I argue, as an echo of being when taken up in communication. The perspectives on listening, word, and echo advanced in the article demonstrate how human communication may be understood philosophically, rather than theoretically, as a reversible semiotic and phenomenological relation.
Mental Health Consequences of Chemical and Radiologic Emergencies: A Systematic Review

This article reviews the literature pertaining to psychological impacts in the aftermath of technological disasters, focusing on the immediate psychological and mental health consequences emergency department physicians and first responders may encounter in the aftermath of such disasters. First receivers see a wide spectrum of psychological distress, including acute onset of psychiatric disorders, the exacerbation of existing psychological and psychiatric conditions, and widespread symptomatology even in the absence of a diagnosable disorder. The informal community support systems that exist after a natural disaster may not be available to communities affected by a technological disaster leading to a need for more formal mental health supportive services.
Multilevel Image Reconstruction

In image reconstruction from projections, one attempts to estimate values of an unknown function f of two variables at points of a finite grid (usually uniformly spaced in two orthogonal directions) from a finite number of (measured) line integrals of f. Lines can be characterized by two variables, typically a distance l and an angle θ. Usually the lines along which integrals of f are measured correspond to a grid of sample points in the (l,θ) space. Thus, both the input (the line integrals) and the output (values of f) can be thought of as samples of a function on a grid. The problem then translates into solving a system of linear equations, the size of which depends on the sizes of the grids associated with the input and the output.
Welfare Economics, Power and Property

In an earlier paper,1 the author undertook to show that the interrelations between legal and economic (market) processes were considerably more intricate and subtle than recent literature has allowed. Overall it was suggested that voluntary market exchange is both a partial emanation or dependent variable and an independent or determining or conditioning variable so far as certain interrelations between legal and economic processes are concerned. The implicit thrust of the article was that certain concepts of welfare economics could be revised to reflect a broader and more viable analysis of choice. The objective of the present chapter is to begin that revision, to reconsider certain fundamental concepts of welfare economics in terms of a broader and more complex and yet more viable model of choice and power.
How do causes depend on us? The many faces of perspectivalism

Huw Price has argued that on an interventionist account of cause the distinction is perspectival, and the claim prompted some interesting responses from interventionists and in particular an exchange with Woodward that raises questions about what it means to say that one or another structure is perspectival. I’ll introduce his reasons for claiming that the distinction between cause and effect on an interventionist account is perspectival. Then I’ll introduce a distinction between different ways in which a class of concepts can be said to depend on facts about their users. Three importantly different forms of dependence will emerge from the discussion: (1) Pragmatic dependence on us: truth conditions for x-beliefs can be given by a function f\(_0\) of more fundamental physical structures making no explicit reference to human agents. But there are any other number of functions (\(\text {f}_2{\ldots } \text {f}_\mathrm{n}\)) ontologically on a par with x and what explains the distinguished role f plays in our practical and epistemic lives are facts about us. (2) Implicit relativization: truth conditions for x-beliefs are relative to agent or context; the context supplies the value of a hidden parameter (’hidden’ in the sense that it is not explicitly represented in the surface syntax) that determines the truth of x-beliefs. (3) Indexicals: like implicit relativization except that the surface syntax contains a term whose semantic value is context-dependent. I suggest that Price’s insights are best understood in the first way. This will draw a crucial disanalogy with his central examples of perspectival concepts, but it will refine the thesis in a way that is more faithful to what his arguments show. The refined thesis will also support generalization to other concepts, and clarify the foundations of the quite distinctive research program that Price has been developing for a number of years.
Microsurgical treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a modern single surgeon series.

With the rise of endovascular treatments for the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), advances in microsurgical techniques are underrepresented in modern surgical series, which l...