cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consensus-based and network control of UAVs

During the past few years, research in the field of cooperative control of swarm of robots and specially UAV has continuously increased. In order to develop research in the field of swarm of UAV this paper identifies three problems: the development of a testbed for UAV, the implementation of an ad hoc network and a protocol based on network control, and a consensus control algorithm for cooperative control of UAV. The testbed currently enables us to perform waypoint navigation using a global positioning system (GPS). The protocol communication designed for the ad hoc network has proved to be reliable for our application and can be expanded to be used with different number of agents. The algorithm of consensus control has been analyzed and tested in simulation. Future work will allow implementing the consensus control as centralized control or distributed control.
Coping with transitions in Asian Indian families Systemic clinical interventions with immigrants.

This article addresses the clinical issues of Asian Indians in the United States as they cope with transitions related to immigration. Many Indian families are multigenerational, uphold collectivist values, and might have hierarchical interactions based on age and gender. Immigration and cultural identity changes impacts these relationships between family members. Using clinical case examples, I illustrate and discuss how I conduct culturally sensitive therapy with Asian Indian clients in the U.S. The cases and the discussion highlight the importance of attending to gender, age, generational role, and cultural identity. I also offer recommendations to help clinicians in their work with their own clients of Asian Indian heritage, or those that come from a collectivistic background. These recommendations include weaving client worldviews in all interventions. Finally, I discuss the limitations of this paper and ideas for future studies, including considering all forms of diversity found in Asian Indian families, and collecting data from large samples. This article 1 will address how couple and family therapists can help Asian Indian families in the United States cope with cultural transitions. These transitions result from normative life cycle issues and immigration-related changes (McGoldrick, Giordano, & Garcia-Preto, 2005; Ramakrishna & Weiss, 1992). I discuss the intergenerational family structure, a collectivist value system, respect-based hierarchy, and the impact of modernization on Asian Indian families. South Asia consists of the countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. The people of this region are heterogeneous and culturally and ethnically diverse (Prathikanti, 1997). However, they
Role for a YY1-Binding Element in Replication-Dependent Mouse Histone Gene Expression

Expression of the highly conserved replication-dependent histone gene family increases dramatically as a cell enters the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Requirements for normal histone gene expression in vivo include an element, designated α, located within the protein-encoding sequence of nucleosomal histone genes. Mutation of 5 of 7 nucleotides of the mouse H3.2 α element to yield the sequence found in an H3.3 replication-independent variant abolishes the DNA-protein interaction in vitro and reduces expression fourfold in vivo. A yeast one-hybrid screen of a HeLa cell cDNA library identified the protein responsible for recognition of the histone H3.2 α sequence as the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). YY1 is a ubiquitous and highly conserved transcription factor reported to be involved in both activation and repression of gene expression. Here we report that the in vitro histone α DNA-protein interaction depends on YY1 and that mutation of the nucleotides required for the in vitro histone α DNA-YY1 interaction alters the cell cycle phase-specific up-regulation of the mouse H3.2 gene in vivo. Because all mutations or deletions of the histone α sequence both abolish interactions in vitro and cause an in vivo decrease in histone gene expression, the recognition of the histone α element by YY1 is implicated in the correct temporal regulation of replication-dependent histone gene expression in vivo.
The Race Between Value and Growth

Haugen surveys recent research related to systematic pricing biases in equity markets. Specifically, he examines the relative performance of growth stocks compared with value stocks. Growth stocks exhibit strong records of prior performance. Value stocks exhibit weak records of prior performance. A vast quantity of evidence suggests that value stocks outperform growth stocks no matter how one accounts for risk. Haugen states that equity markets are not efficient and suggests reasons for their inefficiencies.
A transient means ranking and selection procedure with sequential sampling constraints

We develop a Ranking and Selection procedure for selecting the best configuration based on a transient mean performance measure. The procedure extends the OCBA approach to systems whose means are a function of some other variable such as time. In particular, we characterize this as a prediction problem and imbed a regression model in the OCBA procedure. In this paper, we analyze a problem with sequential sampling constraints for each configuration and offer a heuristic to use a polynomial regression model when variance reduction is possible.
A near wake model for trailing vorticity compared with the blade element momentum theory

A near wake model for trailing vorticity originally proposed by Beddoes for high-resolution helicopter blade vortex interaction computations has been implemented and compared with the usual blade element momentum models used for wind turbine calculations. The model is in principle a lifting line model for the rotating blade, where only a quarter revolution of the wake system behind the blade is taken into account. This simplification of the wake enables a fast computation of the downwash from the trailed vortex system along the blade using the indicial function method and thus makes it realistic to use the model in aeroelastic time simulations. The downwash from the shed vorticity is also computed with a fast indicial function algorithm. In particular the model is investigated for use in calculations of aerodynamic damping for the different mode shapes of an operating wind turbine. Numerical results for the downwash of a wing in straight flow with elliptical circulation are compared with analytical results. Further, the downwash distribution of a 40 m long rotating blade is computed. Aerodynamic damping of the blade in axial harmonic translation and in the first flapwise mode is computed with the near wake model and compared with the results of a standard momentum model including a model for dynamic inflow. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of the ability to purge tumor from murine bone marrow using clonogenic assays

The development of potential purging regimens for autologous bone marrow transplantation has been limited by the inability to predict the antitumor activity of these regimens at doses which will allow engraftment. We describe an in vitro model which estimates the in vivo efficacy of potential purging regimens in mice. The log kill of clonogenic L1210 cells after in vitro incubation with graded doses of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and vincristine (alone or in combination) was linearly related to the incubation dose of drugs. Clonogenic assays could only directly demonstrate about three logs of cell kill. However, the log linear dose-response allowed the extrapolation of cell kill for doses of drugs whose kill could not be determined directly. The extrapolated cell kill accurately predicted the in vitro activity of the drugs as established by determining the survival of B6D2F1 mice given injections of the drug-treated L1210 cells. Lethally irradiated B6D2F1 mice were given injections of mixtures of syngeneic bone marrow and L1210 cells purged with a combination of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and vincristine. Combining the results of in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit and clonogenic L1210 sensitivities to this drug combination predicted the survival of mice and, therefore, the effectiveness of the purging regimen.
Trust issues and user reactions to e-services and e-marketplaces: a customer survey

Electronic marketplaces are the latest development in business-to-business electronic commerce. This paper describes research into the impact, and acceptance of fully-automated e-markets by potential users in the freight industry. The main finding of the research is that users would be nervous relinquishing total control to such systems from the outset. They would like to be able to develop a relationship with the system over time and, when trust has been established, to increase delegation and reduce their monitoring of the system.
Adaptive Behavior of 4- through 8-Year-Old Children with Williams Syndrome.

The adaptive behavior of forty-one 4- through 8-year-olds with Williams syndrome was assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Interview Edition. Based on the cognitive and personality profiles characteristic of children with this syndrome, we predicted that the domains of Socialization and Communication would be relative strengths, whereas Daily Living Skills and Motor Skills would be relative weaknesses. We also expected that Socialization Skills would be more advanced than Communication skills, and that within the Socialization domain, interpersonal skills would be stronger than play/leisure or coping skills. All predictions were confirmed. Adaptive behavior standard score was not related to CA. The children earned similar overall standard scores on the Vineland and the Differential Ability Scales. Interrelations among adaptive behavior, cognitive abilities, and personality characteristics are discussed.
Note on skip distance effects on super-frequencies

During the last eighteen months the Naval Research Laboratory has made a very large number of measurements on skip distances in the frequency band between 30,000 and 40,000 kc. Most of the measurements have been taken during the month of January, February, and March, 1929, and the corresponding months of 1930. Since the measurements for the two succeeding years are substantially in agreement we believe it worth while to report them at the present time even though they are based largely on measurements made in a general southerly or southwesterly direction. A large number of different frequencies have been used in this band, most of the data being based on two-way communications. The experiments have naturally been restricted to the daylight hours. A table of results of midday skip distance in nautical miles over the range of 20,000 - 40,ooo kc is provided. It may be mentioned in conclusion that a good many observations made on harmonics from high power, high-frequency stations in the 10,000-kc to 20,000-kc band have been used to check in with the other measurements and so far have been found to be in very fair agreement therewith.
Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Life History Traits of Caenorhabditis elegans

Evolutionary life history theory predicts that tradeoffs among fitness-related phenotypes will occur as a result of resource limitations and/or physiological constraints. Such tradeoffs are defined as the cost(s) incurred on one component of fitness (e.g., reproduction) by the increased expression of another fitness-related trait (e.g., longevity). Only recently have researchers begun to investigate the mechanistic bases of life history tradeoffs. A recent proposal is that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a central role in shaping life history traits and tradeoffs. Research on disparate animal taxa has highlighted strong correlations between oxidative stress resistance and fitness-related life history traits, for example. Here, I use the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to test several hypotheses concerning the effects of ROS on life history traits and the manifestation of life history tradeoffs. Additionally, I use heat stress and an alternate food source to explore the responses of life history traits to other forms of physiological stress. Relative fitness and other traits related to reproduction were found to be affected in mostly negative ways by increasing oxidative insult. Lifespan was surprisingly unaffected by oxidative stress, but was modified by temperature. In vivo ROS levels as measured by fluorescent microscopy reveal a tradeoff between antioxidant production and reproduction in this species.
Pricing S&P 500 Index Put Options: Smiles, Skews, and Leverage

The primary purpose of this paper is to examine whether leverage has a significant statistical and economic effect on the pricing of S&P 500 index put options. The secondary purpose is to present information regarding the shape and persistent smile rather than skew of the implied volatility function. This is the first paper to directly test for leverage effects in stock index put options. To analyze these effects we use the Geske (1979) compound option model. The Geske model is closed form, implies stochastic equity volatility, is consistent with Modigliani and Miller, incorporates debt refinancing, and includes possibly differential default and bankruptcy. Black-Scholes (1973) is a special case of the Geske model. In this paper we show that during the years 1996-2004 the aggregate market based debt to equity (D/E) ratio of the firms comprising the S&P 500 equity index varies from about 40-120 percent. We believe that we are the first to present a market D/E ratio derived from option theory. We also present evidence that on an average of about 200,000 options during this 8 year period the implied volatility most often exhibits a smile not a smirk or skew. Next and more importantly we are the first to report the details of the statistically significant economic effects that market leverage has on pricing S&P 500 index put options. We measure that the Geske model improves the net option valuation of listed in the money (or out of the money) S&P 500 index put options on average by about 37% (19%) compared to Black-Scholes values. We demonstrate that the improvement is directly (and monotonically) related to both the time to expiration of the option and the amount of leverage in this market index. For options with longer expirations and/or periods of higher market leverage the improvement is greater, ranging from about 50% to 85%. We also demonstrate economic significance in basis points by showing that dealers making a book in index options can expect benefits of at least several 100 basis points using Geske instead of Black-Scholes. Finally we show that the per cent pricing errors compare very favorably with Heston-Nandi (2000).
Superlattice surface-normal asymmetric Fabry-Perot reflection modulators: optical modulation and switching

The surface-normal asymmetric Fabry-Perot reflection modulators discussed are based on the electroabsorption stemming from the effective absorption edge blue shift caused by Wannier-Stark localization in superlattices. Due to the modulator's normally off characteristics at the Fabry-Perot resonance, they exhibit negative differential photoconductivity. When the modulator is connected to a similar modulator or a simple photodiode, the negative differential photoconductance at resonance enables the modulator to operate as a self-electrooptic effect device (SEED) that shows clear bistable loops, and also has very large on-off ratios at its output. The operating principle of these modulators and SEEDs, and their sensitivity to variations of operating wavelengths, layer thickness and composition, and temperature are discussed. >
Responses of highly resistant and susceptible maize to vascular puncture inoculation with Maize dwarf mosaic virus

Abstract Mechanisms for genetic resistance to diseases caused by potyviruses, especially Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), in maize (Zea mays L.) remain unclear. Previous studies indicated that MDMV can replicate in and spread to groups of cells in maize leaves of the virus resistant inbred line Pa405, but systemic movement of the virus did not occur. In this study, the responses of Pa405 and the virus-susceptible inbred line Oh28 were compared in germinating maize embryos. Four days post inoculation (dpi), MDMV was detected immunocytochemically in 45% of resistant and 19% of susceptible shoots, respectively. Systemic movement of MDMV out of inoculated leaves occurred between 2 and 4 dpi in Oh28 seedlings. Microarray analysis was used to examine the effects of MDMV inoculation on gene expression in shoots of resistant and susceptible lines at 4 dpi. Approximately 15% of transcripts were differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible lines. Of the transcripts with >10 fold greater expression in one line, more than 70% were up-regulated in the resistant line. Substantially fewer genes were differentially expressed in MDMV- and mock-inoculated shoots, with 21 and 30 genes being differentially regulated in the susceptible and resistant lines, respectively. For a subset of genes, differential expression was validated using quantitative real-time PCR. There was no clustering of differentially expressed transcripts in the previously identified QTLs important for MDMV resistance. These results provide a short list of virus responsive transcripts to begin to explain the resistance response in Pa405 versus the susceptible response in Oh28.
Redescription mining: algorithms and applications in bioinformatics

Scientific data mining purports to extract useful knowledge from massive datasets curated through computational science efforts, e.g., in bioinformatics, cosmology, geographic sciences, and computational chemistry. In the recent past, we have witnessed major transformations of these applied sciences into data-driven endeavors. In particular, scientists are now faced with an overload of vocabularies for describing domain entities. All of these vocabularies offer alternative and mostly complementary (sometimes, even contradictory) ways to organize information and each vocabulary provides a different perspective into the problem being studied. To further knowledge discovery, computational scientists need tools to help uniformly reason across vocabularies, integrate multiple forms of characterizing datasets, and situate knowledge gained from one study in terms of others. This dissertation defines a new pattern class called redescriptions that provides high level capabilities for reasoning across domain vocabularies. A redescription is a shift of vocabulary, or a different way of communicating the same information; redescription mining finds concerted sets of objects that can be defined in (at least) two ways using given descriptors. We present the CARTwheels algorithm for mining redescriptions by exploiting equivalences of partitions induced by distinct descriptor classes as well as applications of CARTwheels to several bioinformatics datasets. We then outline how we can build more complex data mining operations by cascading redescriptions to realize a story, leading to a new data mining capability called storytelling. Besides applications to characterizing gene sets, we showcase its uses in other datasets as well. Finally, we extend the core CARTwheels algorithm by introducing a theoretical framework, based on partitions, to systematically explore redescription space; generalizing from mining redescriptions (and stories) within a single domain to relating descriptors across different domains, to support complex relational data mining scenarios; and exploiting structure of the underlying descriptor space to yield more effective algorithms for specific classes of datasets.
Directed flow of Identified Charged Particles from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan

We present the STAR measurements of directed flow, v1, for {\pi}{\pm}, K{\pm}, protons and antiprotons, as well as for all detected charged particles in Au + Au collisions at {\surd}sNN = 7.7, 11.5 and 39 GeV as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity and centrality. Results are compared to the predictions from transport models.
Raman spectroscopy of Fe2O3 to 62 GPa

Raman spectra of Fe2O3 were measured to 62 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. All group theoretically predicted Raman-active phonon modes were detected to 54 GPa. In addition, some high-pressure spectra show an IR-active Eu mode (~660 cm ‐1 ), possibly induced by surface defects or stress. This mode is related by a factor of two to a mode at 1320 cm ‐1 . The assignment of the 1320 cm ‐1 mode has been controversial (two-magnon scattering or two-phonon scattering), and our observation supports the phonon assignment. All Raman-active phonons show nonlinear pressure-induced shifts. The mode Gruneisen parameters and their logarithmic volume dependences for two low-frequency phonons, A1g and Eg, become negative and infinite, respectively, near 50 GPa as a result of the instability of the corundum structure at this pressure. Using the observed Raman-active phonons together with acoustic phonons previously measured by ultrasonics, and Kieffer’s model, we calculate the phonon contribution to the thermodynamic parameters of hematite. Comparison with experimentally measured values allows an estimation of an upper bound to the magnon contribution to the heat capacity at ambient pressure. This increases continuously above the Morin temperature and reaches a maximum at the Neel temperature (~37%). The Raman spectra change dramatically at pressures greater than 54 GPa as indicated by the appearance of new peaks and a significant increase in background. Although direct structural analysis is not possible due to the low signal-to-background ratio and the lack of polarization information, we were able to examine the consistency of our Raman observation with the corundum-to-perovskite phase transformation using the results for an analog system: MgSiO3 ilmenite (ordered corundum type) and perovskite. This analysis shows that observed new features in Fe2O3 Raman spectra may not be consistent with the GdFeO3 perovskite structure.
Ion motion in anion and proton-conducting triblock copolymers

To learn more about anion transport in functionalized polymers and improve anion exchange membrane (AEM) performance, we have directly compared the properties of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and AEMs. A single batch of poly(hexyl methacrylate)-b-poly(styrene)-b-poly(hexyl methacrylate), PHMA-b-PS-b-PHMA, triblock copolymer was synthesized and postfunctionalized in the PS block with sulfonate or quaternary ammonium moieties. The conductivity, water uptake, and morphology of low, middle, and high IEC anionic and cationic PHMA-b-PS-b-PHMA triblock copolymers were investigated, and the metrics of ion diffusivity and membrane sensitivity to relative humidity are introduced. We observed that these block copolymer AEMs and PEMs had similar values for the ratio of calculated ion diffusion coefficient to the mobile species dilute ion diffusivity (D/D0) as a function of hydration. This observation points to similar morphological barriers to transport and similar hydration dependence in each material and provide...
Conventional Diagnostic Methods for Tuberculosis

The diagnosis of tuberculosis by the discerning physician is usually not difficult. A few key features of the patient's history, including weight loss, afternoon fevers, nightsweats, cough, and risk for exposure to the bacillus together with physical signs of upper-lobe pulmonary disease, should alert the physician to screen for the infection by means of chest roentgenography, examination of a sputum specimen, and a tuberculin skin test. The diagnosis is more problematic when patients are elderly, very young, or immunocompromised (especially with infection due to human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]). The diagnosis may also be obscured when the involved lung segments are in the lower lobes or are anteriorly situated or when the disease is extrapulmonary. The conventional diagnostic considerations detailed herein should be reasonably successful when the physician maintains a high index of suspicion of this all-too-prevalent infectious disease.
Founding Family Control and Capital Structure: The Risk of Loss of Control and the Aversion to Debt

This paper tests the hypothesis that Founding Family Controlled Firms (FFCFs) are more averse to control risk than similar non-FFCFs and therefore avoid debt. Higher levels of debt increase the lik...
Are Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (TURFs) sufficiently large

Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (TURFs) are gaining renewed attention as a potential tool for sustainable fisheries management in small-scale fisheries. This growing popularity comes despite the fact that there are still unresolved questions about the most effective TURF designs. One of the key questions is the role of TURF size in their efficacy both from ecological and social standpoints. This study explores the expected effects of existing TURF sizes on yields for TURF systems in Chile, Mexico and Japan. The expected effect of larval dispersal and adult movement on yields was simulated for TURFs in each system. The results show that the analyzed TURF systems fall into three main categories: (a) TURFs that are of adequate size to eliminate the expected negative effects of both adult and larval movement, (b) TURFs that are large enough to eliminate the expected negative effects of adult movement, but not the effects of larval dispersal, and c) TURFs that are too small to eliminate the expected impacts on yield of both adult and larval movement. These analyses suggest that either existing models of TURF performance are incomplete or that there is significant scope for improved performance with altered TURF designs. Considering these alternatives, empirical evidence from the TURFs deemed too small suggests that complementary management tools can enhance TURF performance when natural or social constraints prevent the construction of TURFs of optimal size.
“Gift” for Transplant Priority

An oil-rich Arabian prince, informed of his 25 year old wife’s advanced renal failure due to chronic glomerulonephritis arranged her transfer for life-saving hemodialysis to an American university hospital. Upon completion of medical tests including a renal biopsy, the responsible nephrologist advised that though a kidney transplant is the preferred therapy, the current wait for a cadaver donor kidney exceeds one year. Furthermore, current policy demands that the large majority of donor kidneys be given to American citizens. The prince subsequently proposes that in exchange for placing his wife at the top of the waiting list, he will donate a new wing to the hospital at a cost of 2.5 million dollars.
MEMS Stabilized Lipid Membranes and Their Parylene Encapsulation

Planar lipid membranes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine and 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were suspended over arrays of 100, 75, and 30 μm diameter holes in a 3.7-mm-thick polyimide or 2-μm-thick Parylene film that was supported on a silicon frame. Membranes were allowed to thin in buffer and periodically examined in air with reflected light microscopy. Once the membranes approached the thickness of a bilayer, they were vapor coated with 80 nm of conformal Parylene. The Parylene coating essentially fixed the membranes indefinitely for further study via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, white-light interferometry, and confocal microscopy. This paper demonstrated that lipid membranes suspended on microfabricated hole arrays lasted over six days in buffer and that thinning membranes go through a phase where the lipids form lamellar stacks of bilayers within the holes. A technique for encapsulating the suspended membranes in Parylene was demonstrated that enabled detailed measurements of membrane geometry and composition.
The American Public Domain and the Courtesy of the Trade in the Nineteenth Century

The chapter explores the founding rules of America's protectionist copyright law, which openly encouraged the unauthorized reprinting of new foreign works, generated frenzied competition for those free resources, and set in motion a counter-practice of self-restraint among American publishers that came to be called the courtesy of the trade. As a way of regulating destructive competition for unprotected titles, and to give themselves an aura of respectability and fairness, the major publishers adopted trade courtesy, whereby, in its simplest form, the first publisher to announce plans to issue an American edition of an unprotected foreign work acquired informal title to that work — a kind of makeshift copyright grounded on tacit trade agreements and community-based norms. Drawing on the insights of scholars of social norms and common-pool regulation, the chapter offers a detailed account of nineteenth-century courtesy and its regime of entitlements, exceptions, and penalties. Courtesy restored a fragile order to the publishing scene by imitating the main features of copyright law and permitting both publishers and authors to benefit, though inconsistently, from the wholly informal exclusive rights recognized by this self-interested chivalry.
Passionate Love-Letters to a Dead Girl: Elizabeth Siddall in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray

While Oscar Wilde's attraction to Pre-Raphaelite art has been well documented, surprisingly little attention has been paid to his career-long fascination with Elizabeth Siddall (1829–62). This essay will demonstrate that Wilde's deep and abiding interest in Siddall reverberates across his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), to an extent that has not been considered. I will specifically argue that the suicide of Dorian Gray's lover Sibyl Vane was inspired by Elizabeth Siddall's untimely overdose. The very name Sibyl echoes Siddall, who is best known as the model for John Everett Millais's Ophelia and Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Beata Beatrix. I want to suggest that Siddall, long dead by the 1890s, may have been coded as Celtic across turn-of-the-century Irish literature in ways not hitherto considered. Although Siddall was not born of Irish parents, she served ‘as a model for “a fair Celt with red hair”’ for the Pre-Raphaelite painter William Holman Hunt, perhaps owing to the fact that she was copp...
Cloud Activation Potentials for Atmospheric α-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene Ozonolysis Products.

The formation of atmospheric cloud droplets due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles is important for quantifying the Earth’s radiative balance under future, possibly warmer, climates, yet is only poorly understood. While cloud activation may be parametrized using the surface tension depression that coincides with surfactant partitioning to the gas–droplet interface, the extent to which cloud activation is influenced by both the chemical structure and reactivity of the individual molecules comprising this surfactant pool is largely unknown. We report herein considerable differences in the surface tension depression of aqueous pendant droplets that contain synthetically prepared ozonolysis products derived from α-pinene and β-caryophyllene, the most abundant of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively, that are emitted over the planet’s vast forest ecosystems. Oxidation products derived from β-caryophyllene were found to exhibit significantly higher surface activity than those prepared fro...
Rapid Response Systems and the Septic Patient

Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in the ICU. An early, aggressive strategy to identify the onset of septic shock as early as possible in order to begin therapy is associated with a significant reduction in mortality. Specifically, timely administration of appropriate antibiotics lowers mortality at least 7–12%. Unfortunately, even with timely recognition of septic shock, administration of antibiotic therapy can take several hours. A rapid response system can significantly shorten this time, particularly if a pharmacist is a core member of the team. Additionally, a rapid response system can shorten time to hemodynamic support, fluid resuscitation, and transfer to a dedicated ICU setting—all of which can further lower mortality.
Adipocyte Liver Kinase b1 Suppresses Beige Adipocyte Renaissance Through Class IIa Histone Deacetylase 4

Uncoupling protein 1+ beige adipocytes are dynamically regulated by environment in rodents and humans; cold induces formation of beige adipocytes, whereas warm temperature and nutrient excess lead to their disappearance. Beige adipocytes can form through de novo adipogenesis; however, how "beiging" characteristics are maintained afterward is largely unknown. In this study, we show that beige adipocytes formed postnatally in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue lost thermogenic gene expression and multilocular morphology at the adult stage, but cold restored their beiging characteristics, a phenomenon termed beige adipocyte renaissance. Ablation of these postnatal beige adipocytes inhibited cold-induced beige adipocyte formation in adult mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that beige adipocyte renaissance was governed by liver kinase b1 and histone deacetylase 4 in white adipocytes. Although neither presence nor thermogenic function of uncoupling protein 1+ beige adipocytes contributed to metabolic fitness in adipocyte liver kinase b1-deficient mice, our results reveal an unexpected role of white adipocytes in maintaining properties of preexisting beige adipocytes.
Economic Inequality and Race: No, It Can’t Be that Bad…

Teaching students about economic inequality and race is a challenging endeavor. There are significant differences in resources, wealth, income, education, and opportunities between racial groups in the contemporary United States. The disparities between racial groups in the United States are so large that students often have a difficult time coming to terms with the vast level of inequalities built into the system. This is especially true when we consider that American values such as individualism, hard work and effort are deeply ingrained in many of our students’ minds and life experiences. It is not easy to consider the possibility that life may not be as fair as students had previously believed. However, there are a number of ways we can help students see and understand racialized economic inequality in the United States. This chapter provides strategies, ideas, and resources to show students how institutions, structures, historical legacies, and racial policies in our country have direct consequences on racial inequality today.
Evolving Practice and Changing Phenotype in Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Disease: Outcomes From an Australian Center.

Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) incorporates primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). ASC is a condition that includes overlap of AIH and PSC. We investigate changes in practice in relation to diagnosis and phenotype over 2 time periods. Retrospective chart review was conducted from January 2000 to 2016. Data were divided into two 8-year cohorts, CI and C2. Data were collected in 75 children, 29 in 2000-2007 (C1) and 46 in 2008-2016 (C2). Presenting AILD type was AIH in 59%, ASC in 10%, and PSC in 31%. Final AILD type was AIH in 53%, ASC in 16%, and PSC in 31%. When comparing C1 to C2, those with AIH decreased (65% vs 45%) and those with ASC increased (14% vs 18%). Use of magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography increased from 34% in C1 to 65% in C2. Advanced liver disease on biopsy was noted in 53% of all children at presentation. Only 5 female children progressed to liver transplant (3 ASC-IBD [inflammatory bowel disease]; 1 PSC-IBD; 1 AIH). Colonoscopy performance increased from 48% in C1 to 63% in C2 with diagnosis of AILD-IBD increasing from 31% to 52%. Right-sided disease was present in 46% and macroscopic rectal sparing in 36% of those with ulcerative colitis. Colectomy was required in 3 children with large duct PSC-IBD. PSC and ASC are increasing in relevance along with IBD and reflect increasing performance of magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography and colonoscopy. Large duct PSC and ASC with IBD are risk factors for colectomy and along with female gender, for liver transplant.
The broad autism phenotype and emotion regulation: The mediating role of autobiographical memory specificity

Abstract The broad autism phenotype (BAP) refers to subclinical traits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including language and personality differences, that are present among biological relatives of individuals with ASD and the general population. BAP traits are associated with emotional impairments, and there is a need to examine (1) how BAP traits relate to emotion regulation (ER), a key transdiagnostic factor that relates to a broad range of psychopathology and is central to ASD, and (2) mediators of this association. Reduced autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) is an avoidant cognitive style referring to difficulties retrieving specific memories that is disrupted in ASD and predicts a range of internalizing symptoms related to ER. The current study examines how BAP traits relate to ER, and whether AMS mediates these associations, among a sample of 108 emerging adult siblings of individuals with ASD who had not been diagnosed with ASD themselves. Participants completed standardized measures of BAP (Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire), ER (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), and AMS (computerized AMT). BAP factors demonstrated differential patterns of relations with ER. Aloofness negatively predicted AMS, and positive and negative AMS differentially mediated the effect of aloofness on ER. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
The Role of Enhanced Voltage Control in Stabilizing Dynamics of Electric Energy Systems

In this chapter we propose a systematic voltage control framework for stabilizing the linearized coupled frequency–voltage dynamics in response to persistent mechanical power disturbances of typical intermittent resources. A linearized coupled model, in the standard state space form needed for control design, is derived first. Each conventional power plant has both governor and excitation primary control. Candidate primary control for wind power plants is also modeled. Using this model, a completely decentralized primary control for each power plant, conventional and intermittent, is considered as a means of ensuring that each stand-alone power plant is small-signal stable. In systems where the dynamic modules are not all stable as stand-alone either because such solutions are too expensive or because they would cause major wear-and-tear problems, a possible coordinated control framework is considered with well-defined performance metrics. Both control designs are illustrated using the Flores electrical power system. The major conclusion is that small-signal perturbations in wind power are more effectively controlled by means of voltage control than by means of governors or fast-controlled energy storage devices, flywheels, in particular. Moreover, the options of deploying control devices will vary depending on the electrical distances between the wind power plants and the conventional power plants.
Modulated Structure Materials: A Selected Review

Modulated structures arise in materials in two basic ways. One way is through the natural inclination of the material to suffer a periodic modulation of its basic structure. An example of this would be the spectrum of thermal fluctuations or phonons in crystals. Other examples include long-period superlattices and spinodal decomposition in crystalline or amorphous solids, where the latter, to be observed, must be present in a metastable (however durable) condition. The second way in which modulated structure materials are obtained is through our intervention— i.e., artificially. Examples of these are the semiconductor superlattices and the synthetic multilayer metallic structures.
Electromigration time to failure

Electromigration time to failure and electrical resistivity of 95.5%Sn-1.5%Ag-0.5%Cu-0.03W%Ni (SACN) microelectronics solder joints have been investigated experimentally. A Black's type electromigration time to failure equation is developed to describe the time to failure versus current density and temperature. It is observed that resistance of a solder joint is not just a function of the temperature but also a function of the current density. The activation energy over the range of 83°C~174°C is measured to be 0.77±0.12eV, and the current density exponent is found to be (8.60±1.65). It is also shown that the most commonly used Black's electromigration time to failure equation cannot be used for solder joints.
Socialism Social-Democratic Style

In the last chapter I analyzed the orthodox marxist version of socialism—socialism Russian-style, as it was called—and explained its effects on the process of production and the social moral structure. I went on to point out that the theoretically foreseen consequences of relative impoverishment proved to be so powerful that in fact a policy of socializing the means of production could never actually be carried through to its logical end: the socialization of all production factors, without causing an immediate economic disaster. Indeed, sooner or later all actual realizations of Marxist socialism have had to reintroduce elements of private ownership in the means of production in order to overcome or prevent manifest bankruptcy. Even moderate “market” socialism, however, cannot prevent a relative impoverishment of the population, if the idea of socialized production is not abandoned entirely, once and for all.
Emergent Neuroimaging During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Acute neurologic emergencies in pregnancy often require neuroimaging to guide diagnosis and treatment. Implementation of a patient-centered care model in radiology can alleviate a patient's stress, reinforce appropriate imaging workup, improve patient satisfaction, and lead to improved outcomes. The authors present the evaluation, differential diagnosis, and recommended imaging protocols for the three most common acute neurologic symptoms in pregnancy and the postpartum period: headache, seizure, and focal neurologic deficits. With the patient's symptoms as a reference point, the referring physician in consultation with the radiologist can effectively implement the optimal imaging procedures.
Biomechanical Modeling of Prosthetic Mesh and Human Tissue Surrogate Interaction

Surgical repair of hernia and prolapse with prosthetic meshes are well-known to cause pain, infection, hernia recurrence, and mesh contraction and failures. In literature, mesh failure mechanics have been studied with uniaxial, biaxial, and cyclic load testing of dry and wet meshes. Also, extensive experimental studies have been conducted on surrogates, such as non-human primates and rodents, to understand the effect of mesh stiffness, pore size, and knitting patterns on mesh biocompatibility. However, the mechanical properties of such animal tissue surrogates are widely different from human tissues. Therefore, to date, mechanics of the interaction between mesh and human tissues is poorly understood. This work addresses this gap in literature by experimentally and computationally modeling the biomechanical behavior of mesh, sutured to human tissue phantom under tension. A commercially available mesh (Prolene®) was sutured to vaginal tissue phantom material and tested at different uniaxial strains and strain rates. Global and local stresses at the tissue phantom, suture, and mesh were analyzed. The results of this study provide important insights into the mechanics of prosthetic mesh failure and will be indispensable for better mesh design in the future.
Informativeness of dental morphology in ancestry estimation in African Americans.

Objectives Our objective is to assess the informativeness of dental morphology in estimating biogeographic ancestry in African Americans. Materials and methods The data are 62 dental morphological traits scored as nondichotomized and dichotomized in 797 individuals, 992,601 SNPs from 271 individuals, and 645 STRs from 177 individuals. Each dataset consists of Africans, Europeans, and African Americans. For each dataset, we summed Fisher Information (FI), then used STRUCTURE to estimate ancestry. Results Total FI was highest for SNPs, followed by STRs, nondichotomized dental traits, and dichotomized dental traits. For both genetic datasets, Africans and Europeans fell into two distinctive clusters with low 90% credible regions for individual ancestry estimates. In African Americans, membership in the African cluster was 76.4% and 80.4% for SNPs and STRs, respectively. For the dental data, all Africans and Europeans had appreciable membership in both clusters and comparatively high 90% credible regions for individual ancestry estimates. Nonetheless, African Americans had consistently higher membership in the same cluster in which Africans had high membership. African American membership in this cluster was significantly higher for the nondichotomized form than for the dichotomized. Discussion and conclusions FI potentially provides a useful gauge of the effectiveness of dental and genetic data for ancestry estimation. The comparatively high FI of nondichotomized dental traits suggests data in this form may be better suited for studies of admixture than dichotomized data. Because of high error in individual ancestry estimates, dental morphological data may be unable to distinguish differences in ancestry among individuals within admixed populations.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Ecolabel Certification Impacts on Competition for Environmental Quality Provision

Ecolabel certification is proposed as a method of increasing consumer trust in environmental marketing. But competitive issues arise as producer-led certification organizations can create a market for lemons (even amongst certifications), and even well-intentioned NGO-led organizations face competitive pressures to lower standards to expand their reach. This paper employs antitrust law both as a framework for discussion and potential tool for competitive reinforcement.
Contourable craniofacial mesh plate osteosynthesis of patellar fractures: A new, low-profile fixation technique.

Abstract Purpose Patellar fractures are challenging orthopaedic injuries that can be difficult to treat due to the complexity of fracture patterns, the high stresses at the patellofemoral joint, and subcutaneous location of the patella. Hardware prominence and need for hardware removal are two of the most common complications after surgical fixation of patellar fractures. There is an ever present need for low profile fixation constructs that are also biomechanically stable. Materials and methods We present an alternative technique of patella fixation with a low profile titanium mesh plate typically used in craniofacial skeletal trauma. Four patients at our institution underwent mesh plate fixation of patella fractures. Results All four patients had union without any post-operative complications. All four patients regained preoperative range of motion without residual pain or disability. Conclusions Mesh plate fixation of patellar fractures is an alternative to standard tension band technique, especially in comminuted fractures. The craniofacial mesh plate is very low profile, provides stable fixation that allows for early range of motion, and has the potential to reduce post-operative complications like hardware removal.
Voices From the Desk: The Big Ideas of Gifted Students About Collaborative Partnership:

Students are active in shaping the implementation of any curricular intervention. At Paradise Valley Unified School District (PVUSD), more than 1,500 students in Grades 1 to 6 were recipients of th...