cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HUMAN STEP REHABILITATION USING A ROBOT ATTACHED TO THE PELVIS

This paper describes a new robot capable of manipulating pelvic motion during human step training on a treadmill. The robot, PAM (Pelvic Assist Manipulator), uses two pneumatically actuated subsystems arranged in a tripod configuration to measure and control the pelvis of a person during body weight supported stepping on a treadmill. The device can be used in a back-drivable mode to record pelvic trajectories, either specified manually by a therapist or pre-recorded from unimpaired subjects, then replay these trajectories using a PD position feedback control law in the task space and a non-linear force control algorithm for each piston chamber. The control laws are presented, along with data that demonstrate the ability of the device to record and replay the pelvic motions that occur during normal walking.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Tracking with space charge in the Fermilab booster

The tracking program TEAPOT has been adapted to simulate beam behavior in the Fermilab booster in order to elucidate the causes of observed limitations on beam intensity and brightness. In addition to space charge, the effects of RF, field ramp, finite aperture, and gradient errors are included. The evolution of beam intensity and emittance in the initial milliseconds following injection has been examined and compared with the behavior of the real beam. The model has been used to extrapolate the performance of the booster following the upgrade of the linac. >
Enterprise Interaction Ontology for Change Impact Analysis of Complex Systems

Reasoning about the impact of change is critical throughout the information technology (IT) architecture lifecycle management processes and this is especially challenging because installed architectures are complex, evolve constantly, and most changes have some global impact. We present an enterprise-interaction ontology for integrated query, analysis, and monitoring that supports features to allow architects and engineers pin-point the impact of change to the installed architecture before implementation. The ontology represents select associations between the enterprisepsilas business processes, services and infrastructure so that significant consequences of a change are propagated to affected areas based on underlying rules. Thus, interdependencies and relationships that are not obvious are identified and the impact is quantified. This allows the architect to know the complete scope of modifications required in order to accomplish a change in a manner consistent with best practices (like ITIL version 3). We illustrate - 1) the rules and taxonomy relationships that give us the ability to propagate changes and determine the impact, and 2) how actual questions and decision-making during the architecture management processes can be better supported using a more precise and factual understanding. Not only does the interaction methodology help analyze the potential impact of adding a new component, a change due to an incident, or the deletion of an existing component from the architecture, it also supports business-IT alignment processes like chargeback, capacity management and disaster recovery.
Prognostic value of mucin 4 expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Mucin 4 (MUC4) is aberrantly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs) but its prognostic value is unknown. METHODS: Archival tissue specimens collected from 132 CRC patients who underwent surgical resection without presurgery or postsurgery therapy were evaluated for expression of MUC4 by using a mouse monoclonal antibody and horseradish peroxidase. MUC4 expression levels were correlated with clinicopathologic features and patient survival. Survival was estimated by both univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression methods. RESULTS: In both normal colonic epithelium and CRCs, MUC4 staining was localized primarily in the cytoplasm. The optimal immunostaining cutoff value (≥75% positive cells and an immunostaining score ≥2.0), which was derived by using the bootstrap method, was used to categorize CRCs into groups of high expression (33 of 132 patients; 25%) or low expression (99 of 132 patients; 75%). Patients who had early stage tumors (stages I and II) with high MUC4 expression had a shorter disease-specific survival (log-rank; P = .007) than patients who had with low expression. Patients who had advanced-stage CRCs (stages III and IV) did not demonstrate such a difference (log-rank; P = .108). Multivariate regression models that were generated separately for patients with early stage and advanced-stage CRC confirmed that increased expression of MUC4 was an independent indicator of a poor prognosis only for patients who had early stage CRCs (hazard ratio, 3.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-9.73). CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that increased MUC4 expression is a predictor of poor survival in CRC, specifically for patients who have early stage tumors. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Automatic performance visualization of distributed real-time systems

For distributed real-time systems, adequate profiling tools are exceedingly rare. The sheer variety and low-level nature of these systems impede the adoption of standard, general-purpose tools for performance analysis and visualization. Although much research has been devoted to profiling parallel clusters and supercomputers, the literature virtually ignores the real-time domain. Correspondingly, a handful of commercial tools is available for profiling realtime software, but they invariably make a single-node assumption and are unable to cope with distributed environments. We examine the state of performance analysis and discuss why profilers are conspicuously absent in the field of distributed real-time systems. We then explore how developers of these systems could benefit from graphical profiling tools with automatic instrumentation and data collection. Toward that end, we demonstrate the prototype of a performance visualization tool called "Bacara", the second addition to our suite of tools for visual analysis of distributed real-time systems, or VADR (vamacr'der)
How far away is that? It depends on you: Perception accounts for the abilities of others.

Perception is believed to scale the world to reflect one’s own capabilities for action—objects that are more effortful to obtain are perceived as further away. Somewhat surprisingly, perception is also influenced by observing another person attempt an action, even though others cannot directly alter one’s own capabilities. It is unknown, however, whether the effects of observation reflect a simulation of one acting as if from the perspective of the actor, or whether they reflect simulation of the potential effects of the actor on the environment, but from the observer’s own point of view. In 2 experiments, we had an actor and an observer view a scene from opposing viewpoints. Enhancement of the actor’s capabilities to reach a target object caused the target to appear further from the observer. Thus, in addition to indexing one’s own capabilities, the perceptual system also scales the world to account for the potential effects of others.
Sample Size and Power

The idea and examples to determine the adequate study sample size for making inferences about one and two means and proportions are discussed.
Imagining and Reimagining Gender: Boccaccio’s Teseida delle nozze d’Emilia and Its Renaissance Visual Legacy

Giovanni Boccaccio’s Teseida delle nozze d’Emilia (1339–1341?) is an innovative vernacular text in which Teseo (Theseus) and the Scythian Amazons are reinvented as antagonists in a war fought to determine how women are meant to live their lives. Boccaccio’s characterization of these figures and their interactions offer an effective counter-narrative to the prevailing ethos that women’s inborn proclivities and deficiencies preclude, perforce, their participation in the public arena. In the absence of written criticism, cassone (marriage chest) paintings constitute the quattrocento Nachleben of the text, whose readership comprised a wide swath of the literate populace through the 15th century. I will argue that painters, in conjunction with their patrons and humanist advisors, fashioned Teseida visual narratives that undermined Boccaccio’s vision of the potential of women to productively and autonomously engage in the governance of successful societies.
Interlocking Regulatory and Industrial Relations: The Governance of Workplace Safety

Pressures to redesign public policies in ways that account for more flexibility, responsiveness, and private participation present an opportunity to revisit law's traditional emphasis on adversarialism. Rather than aligning legality with conflict and informality with cooperation, a new concept of administrative governance expands the framework of the legal process. In the context of workplace regulation, new governance structures must reflect the conditions of the new economy and the relationships between employers and workers. Studying the field of occupational safety, the article advances three arguments. First, the introduction of third-way governance-based approaches, including regulatory requirements on internal safety planning and worker participation at the individual firm-level, complementing regulatory and market approaches, is necessary for occupational risk prevention. Second, normative and methodological principles can be developed to evaluate the consequences and legitimacy of shifts away from the command-and-control approach to occupational safety, and in particular, to distinguish new governance approaches from deregulation. Third, the article argues that central doctrines of administrative procedure and labor law have served as impediments for diversifying state action in regulating the new labor market. In particular, two key reforms - combining targeted enforcement with a cooperative choice and mandating employee safety committees - were abandoned following legal disputes and the use of categories which rely on an adversarial understanding of legal action. A set of understandings, embedded in legal doctrine from former eras, continues to impede the shift to a more comprehensive, effective, and legitimate worker safety regime. The distinction in the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) between substantive rule-making and procedural policy-making and the distinction of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) between bargainable issues and managerial prerogatives have limited the legal reach of workplace governance. Both policy areas are based on concepts of hierarchy, autonomy, control, conflict, and adversarial one-shot interactions.
The IBR concept and plant sciences.

This has been an excellent conference and the papers and the participants have been stimulating. Plant research is a difficult area to pursue for several reasons. One must have enough patience and time to observe plants throughout their seasonal life cycle to have a full understanding of the plant and this experience must be integrated for various types of stress. Dr. Hollaender’s story about the consequences of a plant breeding failure emphasizes the necessity of observing the productivity of a plant under various types of stress before planting on a large scale.
Ghrelin Attenuates Burn-induced Cachexia

Introduction Major burn injury, the most severe form of trauma, results in increased production of catabolic hormones and inflammatory cytokines, and lower levels of anabolic hormones, causing prolonged hypermetabolism, loss of lean body mass, and muscle wasting. Treatments to date to reduce this debilitating body protein loss have employed anabolic hormones, such as insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I or anabolic steroids [1]. Recently, a 28-residue octanoylated peptide, ghrelin [2], was isolated from stomach. After peripheral administration, ghrelin stimulates appetite via upregulating the synthesis and release of the hypothalamic orexigenic hormones NPY and AGRP, and also causes release of growth hormone, thus increasing IGF-I production. Daily injection of ghrelin increases body mass in normal rodents [3,4] and it has been suggested that treatment with ghrelin may be of value in patients with cachectic conditions [5]. Our initial studies in rats 7–10 days after a 30% surface area burn injury revealed that ghrelin expression in stomach was significantly reduced compared to controls. In other studies, we treated burn-injured rats overnight using implanted osmotic pumps with either saline, or ghrelin at two different doses (2.4 mg/kg or 24 mg/kg); EDL muscles were isolated to measure protein breakdown rates in vitro [6]. Compared to saline, ghrelin at either dose significantly inhibited protein breakdown to a comparable degree. We therefore hypothesized that treatment with exogenous ghrelin might reduce burn-induced tissue wasting by beneficially altering either metabolism, feeding, or both.
Gravitational effects on measurements of the muon dipole moments

Abstract If the technology for muon storage rings one day permits sensitivity to precession at the order of 10 − 8 Hz , the local gravitational field of Earth can be a dominant contribution to the precession of the muon, which, if ignored, can fake the signal for a nonzero muon electric dipole moment (EDM). Specifically, the effects of Earth's gravity on the motion of a muon's spin is indistinguishable from it having a nonzero EDM of magnitude d μ ∼ 10 − 29 e cm in a storage ring with vertical magnetic field of ∼ 1 T , which is significantly larger than the expected upper limit in the Standard Model, d μ ≲ 10 − 36 e cm . As a corollary, measurements of Earth's local gravitational field using stored muons would be a unique test to distinguish classical gravity from general relativity with a bonafide quantum mechanical entity, i.e., an elementary particle's spin.
Codling Moth: Effects of Gamma Radiation on Mating Propensity of Each Sex, and the Limitation of Mating by Females

Virgin male and female Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) (0 to 24-h-old) were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 krad of gamma radiation and each caged individually for life with a single 0 to 24-h-old untreated, virgin moth of the opposite sex. Female mating propensity was increased by exposure to radiation; male propensity was unchanged. Female moths caged with a new 0- to 24-h-old male each day sharply reduced spermatophore passage by the males.
Agglutinating Factors Eluted from Erythrocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Patients with Acquired Hemolytic Anemia

SummarySaline-washed erythrocytes of patients and controls were incubated with a dextran solution. The resulting eluate was tested in an agglutination system of gamma-globulin-coated latex particles.Eluates from 94 % of 96 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis and of 18 patients with acquired hemolytic anemia produced a positive agglutination. Although serums from 69 of 96 patients with rheumatoid arthritis also were positive when tested with the Singer-Plotz tests for rheumatoid factor, none of the serums from patients who had hemolytic anemia were positive. Furthermore, the rheumatoid factor and the elutable factor were electrophoretically distinguishable.
Characterization of a 125K glycoprotein associated with bovine epithelial desmosomes.

An analysis of the concanavalinA binding polypeptide components of bovine tongue epithelial desmosomes reveals that in addition to the known desmosomal glycoproteins of 100/115K (the ‘desmocollins’), 140K and 160/165K (‘desmoglein 1’) there is an uncharacterized glycoprotein of 125K (K = Mr × 10(−3). This latter polypeptide is immunologically distinct from known desmosomal glycoproteins, as determined by Western immunoblotting, but is recognized by an antibody preparation directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Moreover, the cadherin antibodies recognize a polypeptide present in bovine muzzle desmosomes that co-migrates with the 125K glycoprotein component of bovine tongue epithelial desmosomes. Upon treatment of bovine tongue desmosomes with a solution containing 9.5 M-urea, the 125K polypeptide becomes enriched in a urea-insoluble, membrane-enriched pelletable desmosomal fraction. Cadherin antibodies and antibodies directed against the 100/115K and 160/165K desmosomal glycoproteins generate similar immunofluorescence staining patterns in cryostat sections of bovine tongue epithelium. However, immunoelectron microscopic analysis of bovine tongue epithelium reveals that cadherin antibodies recognize components located both along the intercellular region of the desmosome and along nondesmosomal cell surfaces whereas antibodies directed against the 100/115K and the 160/165K desmosomal glycoproteins bind specifically to desmosomes. These results suggest that a cadherin-like glycoprotein component may play a role in the adhesive properties of the desmosomes of stratified squamous epithelia.
The start-stop procedure : Estimation of temporal intervals by human subjects

In four experiments investigating human timing, subjects produced estimates of sample durations by bracketing their endpoints. On each trial, subjects reproduced a sample duration by pressing a button before the estimated sample duration elapsed (start time) and releasing it after the estimated duration elapsed (stop time). From these responses, middle time (start + stop/2) and spread time (stop — start) were calculated, representing the point of subjective equality and the difference limen, respectively. In all experiments, subjects produced middle times that varied directly with sample duration. In Experiment 2, middle times lengthened when feedback was withheld. Consistent with Weber timing, spread times, as well as the standard deviation of middle times, varied directly with middle time (Experiments 1, 3, and 4). On the basis of an internal clock model of timing (Gibbon & Church, 1990), the data permitted inferences regarding memory processes and response threshold. Correlations between start and stop times and between start and spread times agreed with earlier findings in animals suggesting that the variance of temporal estimates across trials is based in part upon the selection of a single temporal memory sample from a reference memory store and upon one or two threshold samples for initiating and terminating each estimate within a trial.
Building Powerful Community Organizations: A Personal Guide to Creating Groups that can Solve Problems and Change the World

Don't let the title throw you. The publisher's name is the caveat that tells you organizing is no simple process, and that changing the world is a long arduous process. The book takes it from there...
Biologics, Pharmacovigilance, and Patient Safety: It’s All in the Name

The most appropriate naming convention for biologics and biosimilars has been an area of significant debate. The ultimate decision will have an impact on patient safety, pharmacovigilance program effectiveness, and, potentially, the overall adoption of biosimilars in the United States. This article reviews some of the advantages and disadvantages of various naming approaches. For clarity in communication, optimal pharmacovigilance, and patient safety, it is recommended that biosimilars be named with a common USAN (United States Adopted Name) with the reference product, along with a suffix that is memorable, such as one associated with the original manufacturer of the product. This approach supports the FDA’s mission of protecting patient safety and public health, while minimizing the possibility of inadvertent switching of products and facilitating effective pharmacovigilance. DISCLOSURES: No funding supported the writing of this article. Stevenson reports consulting fees from Amgen, Inc., AbbVie, and Pfi...
Large scale visual recognition through adaptation using joint representation and multiple instance learning

A major barrier towards scaling visual recognition systems is the difficulty of obtaining labeled images for large numbers of categories. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained used 1.2M+ labeled images have emerged as clear winners on object classification benchmarks. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of those labels are available with bounding box localization for training the detection task and even fewer pixel level annotations are available for semantic segmentation. It is much cheaper and easier to collect large quantities of image-level labels from search engines than it is to collect scene-centric images with precisely localized labels. We develop methods for learning large scale recognition models which exploit joint training over both weak (image-level) and strong (bounding box) labels and which transfer learned perceptual representations from strongly-labeled auxiliary tasks. We provide a novel formulation of a joint multiple instance learning method that includes examples from object-centric data with image-level labels when available, and also performs domain transfer learning to improve the underlying detector representation. We then show how to use our large scale detectors to produce pixel level annotations. Using our method, we produce a >7.6K category detector and release code and models at lsda.berkeleyvision.org.
The Ethical Significance of Moral Distress: Inequality and Nurses' Constraint-Distress.

Recent analyses have sought to broaden the definition of moral distress (Fourie 2015; Campbell, Ulrich, and Grady 2016). While moral distress is often defined narrowly, confined to distress brought...
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator in a Patient With Hormone-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer

Androgen receptors (ARs) are highly coexpressed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. Their role in breast tumorigenesis has been postulated, but the mechanism is not yet well-characterized. Steroidal androgens were previously used as an anticancer strategy but fell out of favor because of toxicity and the discovery of alternative therapies. Recent attempts to modulate androgen pathway signaling have focused on AR inhibitors. This report discusses a case using a well-tolerated selective AR modulator to treat a highly pretreated patient with ER-positive breast cancer, which resulted in a durable partial response.
Impact of bradycardia or asystole on neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation at birth.

Background Fetal hypoxia from intrapartum events can lead to absent heart rate (HR) or bradycardia at birth requiring aggressive neonatal resuscitation. Neonatal resuscitation guidelines do not differentiate bradycardia (HR <100 beats/min) from absent HR at birth. Given that HR is the primary determinant of resuscitation, we hypothesize that infants with no HR at 1 min would require more extensive resuscitation with worse clinical outcome than infants with bradycardia at 1 min. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in infants born between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015 with no HR at 1 min (defined as Apgar score [AS] = 0 at 1 min; absent HR [AHR] group) or bradycardia at 1 min (AS = 1 at 1 min). Patient demographics, resuscitation characteristics and clinical outcomes were analyzed in both the groups. Results Apgar score was significantly lower in the AHR group over time. The AHR group had significantly higher rates of intubation, chest compression (CC) and i.v. epinephrine (i.v. epi); resulting in longer duration of CC, time to HR > 100 beats/min and duration of resuscitation. Systematic hypotension and death were higher in the AHR group. On logistic regression, CC and cord pH were significantly correlated with AS = 0 at 1 min. Gestational age, birthweight, AS at 5 min, cord pH and first blood gas pH after resuscitation were related to overall mortality. Conclusions Infants with AHR at 1 min did worse than infants with bradycardia. Education focused on effective positive pressure ventilation and early use of i.v. epinephrine is essential for successful resuscitation of the depressed newborn.
Impact of Expanded Access on FDA Regulatory Action and Product Labeling.

Background:The purpose of this study is to address concerns that expanded access may negatively impact the ultimate regulatory action and product labeling for new drugs.Methods:We performed queries of FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) document tracking system to determine the effect of expanded access on FDA’s regulatory decision making from 2010 through 2016. We also examined product labeling to determine whether safety events occurring under expanded access had an adverse effect on the approved product labeling.Results:There were 321 regulatory decisions made by FDA, with 28% of the drugs having prior expanded access. The approval rate for drugs with expanded access (84%) was higher than those that did not (76%). None of the negative regulatory marketing decisions were based on the adverse experiences reported under expanded access. The vast majority of deaths and serious adverse events that occurred under expanded access were not interpreted by FDA to be due to the investigational dr...
Consolidated Electric Power Asia

The case is set in Asia. It focuses on the valuation of a company which builds, operates, and then transfers power plants. The valuation problem is to value the projects in place and the estimate how much of the current stock price reflects projects in place and how much is attributable to anticipated future growth. Ideally, the case can be used as a transition between valuation of free cash flows with WACC and valuation equity cash flows. The case also provides an overview of the relationship between infrastructure needs and economic growth. Excerpt UVA-F-1123 Rev. Jan. 29, 2010 HKUST Hong Kong University of Science and Technology CONSOLIDATED ELECTRIC POWER ASIA Winnie Chin was sitting at her desk on July 7, 1994, as the market closed. The closing price of Consolidated Electric Power Asia (CEPA) was (Hong Kong dollar) HKD12.00. Chin had been a research analyst for about five years but had only recently been assigned to cover CEPA. Most analysts projected tremendous growth in the demand for electric power in Asia and many believed that CEPA was uniquely positioned to benefit from this growth. A recent lack of brownouts and blackouts in the Philippines was attracting a lot of media attention. For the past few years, four- to six-hour blackouts had plagued Metro Manila during June and July. This year, thanks to cooler weather and power generation facilities provided by CEPA (including generators mounted on barges), things had improved dramatically. That improvement had focused attention on CEPA's ability to provide unique solutions to the region's growing energy needs. Chin's first research report on CEPA was due by the end of the week. Thus, her report and recommendation would be very timely. Chin needed to focus on the extent to which CEPA's current stock price reflected future expectations and whether those expectations were reasonable. She believed that these issues would be the key variables in her recommendation to sell, hold, or buy. Asia's Power Generation Needs . . .
Maintenance in Medieval England

This is the first book covering those who abused and misused the legal system in medieval England and the initial attempts of the Anglo-American legal system to deal with these forms of legal corruption. Maintenance, in the sense of intermeddling in another person's litigation, was a source of repeated complaint in medieval England. This book reveals for the first time what actually transpired in the resultant litigation. Extensive study of the primary sources shows that the statutes prohibiting maintenance did not achieve their objectives because legal proceedings were rarely brought against those targeted by the statutes: the great and the powerful. Illegal maintenance was less extensive than frequently asserted because medieval judges recognized a number of valid justifications for intermeddling in litigation. Further, the book casts doubt on the effectiveness of the statutory regulation of livery. This is a treasure trove for legal historians, literature scholars, lawyers, and academic libraries.
The Cultural Cold War Goes “Vulgar”: Radio Serial Melodrama in Post–Korean War South Korea, 1956–1960

This study explores the birth of the popular radio serial drama under the Cold War doctrine of national broadcasting in 1950s South Korea. By examining texts, critiques, production practices, and writers, I interrogate how the anti-Communism propaganda mandate was negotiated in radio drama, influenced not only by the South Korean government and the field of radio production but also by the U.S. cultural Cold War programs and Americanization. As the result of historical contingencies within radio-drama production, the propaganda mission of national broadcasting morphed into “vulgar” melodrama, focused on romantic triangles and urban lifestyles. Whereas themes contrasted with the government intention, the genre effectively supported the purposes of anti-Communist propaganda by promoting the American way of life, wherein individual freedom was identified with capitalist consumer modernity. In this vein, serialized melodrama heralded an important shift in radio propaganda from direct and overt anti-Communism to a more ambiguous and recreational direction. This complex process is considered in relation to Americanization of radio writers and the U.S. cultural Cold War efforts, such as the Broadcasters Exchange Program.
United States Assistance to the Bolivian Military 1958-1964

On November 4, 1964, a military junta led by General Rene Barrientos overthrew Bolivian President Victor Paz Estenssoro, ending the 12 year governance of the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR). The coup surprised many foreign observers. Robert Alexander, an early academic observer of the MNR, had written in 1963 that the party seemed well on its way to setting up a one party state similar to Mexico’s Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), which had ruled that country continuously since 1920. To Alexander, Paz’s landslide electoral victory in early 1964 confirmed that the MNR would continue its domination of Bolivian politics well into the future. Equally surprising to Alexander and others was the armed forces’ involvement in the coup. Their institution had Paz’s unqualified support and had been rebuilt with the assistance of the United States over the previous half-decade, becoming a central pillar of the MNR regime. Yet, only eight months after the presidential election, the country had a military government and Paz was in exile.
Ontologies of acoustic endurance: rethinking wartime sound and listening

This article argues that when recent writers in sound studies claim primacy for nonrepresentational experiences of the sounds of military weaponry in definitions of the “ontology” of wartime sound ...
Candida albicans Ssa: An Hsp70 Homologue and Virulence Factor

Candida albicans is a member of the normal oral and gut microbiota and is also an opportunistic pathogen causing oral and genital infections in humans. Two of the Hsp70 proteins of this organism, Ssa 1 and Ssa 2, show unusual biological actions, presumably moonlighting actions, which contribute to the interaction of this yeast with its host. Both Ssa 1/2 are found on the outer surface of the fungus and this location provides novel functions for these proteins. It also appears to be an Achilles heel of this fungus. The Hsp70 proteins are highly immunogenic and so the surface location of Ssa 1/2 makes a good immunological target for innate and adaptive immune responses to this organism and also suggests these proteins could be vaccine candidates. Surprisingly, Ssa 1/2 binds to the antifungal peptide Histatin (Hst) 5 and enables this toxic molecule to be taken up by the yeast causing cell death. In spite of these findings, C. albicans lacking Ssa 1, but not Ssa 2, were significantly less virulent in infected mice and this was related to the loss of invasiveness of this fungus. Thus these Hsp70 proteins play unexpected roles in the lifestyle of C. albicans.
Screening of Platinum II Polymines as Antitumor Drugs Employing Cell Differation of Normal and Transformed 3T3 Cells

The ability of a number of platinum-containing polyamines to destroy normal and transformed 3T3 cells was studied. Cell differential ratios (ratio of fraction of transformed cells destroyed to normal cells destroyed, CDR) of 0. 4 to 14 were obtained with about two-thirds of the polymers giving values in excess of one. Results of this study correlate with results obtained employing more traditional screening techniques (cell lines and live animal studies). Thus, the procedure might be considered as an addition to the battery of tests thus far employed for screening potential anticancer agents.
Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide Reagents: Rationalization of DNA Site Selectivity and Application in a Pharmaceutical Context

We show that triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) can be designed against discrete target sites within the human c-myc and human epidermal growth factor receptor promotor. These TFOs bind with high sequence selectivity to functionally important sites in those promotors, with dissociation constants in the 10–9M to 10–7M range at physiological pH, temperature and divalent ion concentration. The distinguishing feature of this class of TFO is that it is stabilized by GGC and TAT triplets, bound in the antiparallel orientation relative to the polypurine-rich strand of the underlying duplex.
TCT-477 Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Baseline QRS Duration in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Two Years After Aortic Valve Replacement in the PARTNER II Trial

Increasing QRS duration on 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is associated with mortality and adverse outcomes in patients with cardiomyopathy, but its clinical impact in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) treated with transcatheter (TAVR) or surgical (SAVR) valve replacement is unknown
National trends in contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with locally advanced breast cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Women with unilateral early-stage breast cancer are increasingly choosing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) despite the absence of survival benefits and increased risk of surgical complications. Data are lacking on whether this trend extends to women with clinically locally advanced nonmetastatic (cT4M0) cancer. This study aims to estimate national CPM trends in women with unilateral cT4M0 breast cancer. METHODS Women aged ≥ 18 years, who underwent mastectomy during 2004 to 2014 for unilateral cT4M0 breast cancer were identified using the National Cancer Database and grouped as all locally advanced (T4), chest wall invasion, skin nodule/ulceration, or both (T4abc), and inflammatory (T4d) cancer. Poisson regression for trends and logistic modeling for predictors of CPM were performed. RESULTS Of 23 943 women, 41% had T4abc disease and 35% T4d. Cumulative CPM rates were 15%, 23%, and 18%, for the T4abc, T4d, and all T4 groups, respectively. Trend analysis revealed a significant upsurge in CPM demonstrating 12% annual growth for T4abc tumors, 8% for T4d and 9% for all T4 (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increasing numbers of women with unilateral cT4M0 breast cancer are undergoing CPM. This rising trend warrants further research to understand stakeholders' preferences in surgical decision-making for women with locally advanced breast cancer.
Intrapersonal day-to-day travel variability and duration of household travel surveys: Moving beyond the one-day convention

By analyzing seven-day travel logs from Los Angeles during 2011–2013, we contribute to the understanding of intrapersonal day-to-day travel variability (IDTV) in relation to socio-demographic and land-use characteristics and the implication of travel survey duration for travel parameter estimates. Our main sample included 2,395 person-days from 352 individual participants in 219 households. Our analytical methods included linear regressions and random sampling experiments. Our Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression models revealed that many factors significantly influenced IDTV, such as gender, age, income, and household type. However, the observed socio-demographic and land-use characteristics could only explain a small portion of IDTV. The random sampling experiments enabled us to contrast travel variables measured from the seven-day master sample with those from subsamples of a shorter period (one to six days). The “optimal” duration for a travel survey may depend on the specific travel variables measured, and we provide evidence that studies of transit and non-motorized travel will require longer surveys than studies of car travel. In conclusion, the conventional one-day approach is likely to produce imprecise parameter estimates due to the intrapersonal day-to-day travel variability. We recommend that transportation professionals and policy makers consider shifting from the conventional one-day approach toward a multi-day approach. Surveys that focus on the modes of walking, biking, and transit should consider data collection for at least seven days.
Late-onset neutropenia following ocrelizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis.

Ocrelizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed at CD20, a membrane glycosylated phosphoprotein found predominately on B-lymphocytes, but not plasma cells or neutrophils, which has shown efficacy in treatment of relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). In phase 3 clinical trials, infusion reactions, infections, and a small number of malignancies were found more frequently with ocrelizumab than placebo. IV administration results in rapid depletion of pre-B and mature B-lymphocytes.1 Ocrelizumab, administered every 6 months, was approved for treatment of MS in the United States in March 2017, and is closely related in structure and mechanism of action to rituximab, used for many years in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. As of August 2018, the manufacturer reports >61,800 people have received ocrelizumab postmarketing, and >3,800 in clinical trials.
Parents’ PTSD symptoms and child abuse potential during the perinatal period: Direct associations and mediation via relationship conflict

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with parental aggression towards children, but little is known about the relation between parents’ PTSD symptoms and their risk for perpetrating child physical abuse during the early parenting years, when the potential for prevention of abuse may be highest. Objective To examine direct associations between mothers’ and fathers’ PTSD symptoms and child abuse potential, as well as indirect effects through couple relationship adjustment (i.e., conflict and love) in a high-risk sample of parents during the perinatal period, most of whom were first-time parents. Participants and setting From March 2013 to August 2016, data were collected from 150 expecting or new parental dyads in which the mother was participating in a home visiting program. Methods Data were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model. Results For mothers and fathers, there were direct associations between PTSD symptom severity and child abuse potential (βs = .51, ps Conclusions Addressing parents’ PTSD symptoms and relationship conflict during the perinatal period using both systemic and developmental perspectives may uniquely serve to decrease the risk of child physical abuse and its myriad adverse consequences.
Converging measures of neural change at the microstructural, informational, and cortical network levels in the hippocampus during the learning of the structure of organic compounds

The critical role of the hippocampus in human learning has been illuminated by neuroimaging studies that increasingly improve the detail with which hippocampal function is understood. However, the hippocampal information developed with different types of imaging technologies is seldom integrated within a single investigation of the neural changes that occur during learning. Here, we show three different ways in which a small hippocampal region changes as the structures and names of a set of organic compounds are being learned, reflecting changes at the microstructural, informational, and cortical network levels. The microstructural changes are sensed using measures of water diffusivity. The informational changes are assessed using machine learning of the neural representations of organic compounds as they are encoded in the fMRI-measured activation levels of a set of hippocampal voxels. The changes in cortical networks are measured in terms of the functional connectivity between hippocampus and parietal regions. The co-location of these three hippocampal changes reflects that structure’s involvement in learning at all three levels of explanation, consistent with the multiple ways in which learning brings about neural change.
Antifibrinolytic Agents for Hemoptysis Management in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background Hemoptysis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Antifibrinolytic agents have shown efficacy in a broad range of bleeding disorders and conditions. Objectives The goal of this study was to examine the use of antifibrinolytic agents in managing hemoptysis in CF. We developed a clinical treatment pathway for inpatient and outpatient use, and rates of admission for bleeding prior to and following implementation of the pathway are reported. Methods All adult patients with CF treated with systemic antifibrinolytic agents over a 54-month period according to the treatment pathway were analyzed. Data collected included demographic characteristics, baseline CF-related characteristics, and bleeding and treatment parameters. Effectiveness of the pathway was evaluated via comparison of annualized hemoptysis admission rates prior to and following pathway enrollment. Results Seventy-two distinct episodes of hemoptysis treated with antifibrinolytic agents were analyzed in a total of 21 adult patients with CF. Two-thirds of episodes treated involved moderate or massive hemoptysis. Bleeding ceased following a median of 2 days. Outpatient treatment was associated with a 50% reduction in the annualized hemoptysis admission rate following pathway enrollment (2.44 vs 1.23 admissions per year; P = .0024) that was independent of other changes in management. Antifibrinolytic therapy was well tolerated. One central catheter-associated upper extremity DVT was observed in a patient with previous thrombosis in the same vessel. Conclusions A pathway using systemic antifibrinolytic therapy to treat hemoptysis in patients with CF was associated with a reduction in hospital admissions. No serious adverse events were observed. Additional studies are needed to further define the benefits of systemic antifibrinolytic use in patients with CF.
Featuring People in Ads (2016 Edition)

This is a book chapter from the 2016 edition of Advertising & Marketing Law: Cases and Materials, a casebook by Rebecca Tushnet and Eric Goldman. This chapter examines the legal issues arising from featuring people in advertisements, including publicity rights and endorsement/testimonial guidelines.
Languages & Visualizations to Enable Effective End User Programming

Programming requires expertise to employ effectively. My research aims to help end user programmers more effectively author, understand, and reuse code and data through the design of new languages and program visualization tools. New programming languages can raise the level of abstraction to focus on relevant domain-specific details. Improved tools can better align with and enrich end user programmers' mental models. Visualizing program state and behavior promotes program understanding, and can proactively surface surprising or incorrect results. My future work proposes to explore new visualization techniques and languages to facilitate understanding of constraint programming systems.
Star-Planet Interactions

In Chaps. 10 and 11, I surveyed the various ways in which a host star’s radiation and wind can erode an exoplanet’s atmosphere, change its chemistry, and thereby determine whether the exoplanet could be habitable. I now turn to the question of whether an exoplanet can change the properties of its host star, in particular, its rotation rate, UV and X-ray radiation, and the properties of its wind. The study of this feedback of an exoplanet on its host star is usually called star-planet interactions (SPI), although a more accurate term would be planet-star interactions.
Reversing Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a major source of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 10% of all strokes. Oral anticoagulation therapy, while necessary to prevent thromboembolic complications, increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and can potentially worsen bleeding in cases of acute hemorrhage. Before the introduction of direct oral anticoagulant agents in 2010, warfarin was the only option for oral anticoagulation. These new agents have an improved safety profile compared with warfarin but require different reversal strategies. Anticoagulation reversal in the setting of acute intracerebral hemorrhage is an evolving field. This article covers the most common direct oral anticoagulant medications, various available anticoagulant reversal strategies, and the latest guidelines for anticoagulation reversal in patients with acute intracranial hemorrhage.
LGBT Rights in Bosnia: The Challenge of Nationalism in the Context of Europeanization

Nationalism has been one of the domestic constraints to progress on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights, especially in the Balkans that are dealing with multiple postwar transition realities. Ethno-nationalist challenges, often influenced by religion, have been significant in Bosnia-Herzegovina given weak state identity and democracy, competing institutionalized ethno-national identities, and slow Europeanization. Through the lenses of gendered nationalism, the societal security dilemma, and political homophobia, this article analyzes how the politics and discourse of LGBT rights during the past decade in Bosnia reveal tensions between competing and multiple identities and narratives—European, multiethnic, ethno-nationalist, and religious—using the violent response to the 2008 Queer Sarajevo Festival as a key illustration. However, in the past decade, LGBT rights have progressed and antigay backlash to LGBT visibility (in addition to stronger external leverage and other factors) has resulted in stronger activism and change. The public discourse and response to the announcement of Bosnia’s first Pride Parade represents another turning point in LGBT visibility that seems to reveal that ethno-nationalist challenges may be lessening as LGBT rights norms gain strength.
Detecting heart failure using wearables: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE Heart failure (HF) can be difficult to diagnose by physical examination alone. We examined whether wristband technologies may facilitate more accurate bedside testing. APPROACH We studied on a cohort of 97 monitored in-patients and performed a cross-sectional analysis to predict HF with data from the wearable and other clinically available data. We recorded photoplethysmography (PPG) and accelerometry data using the wearable at 128 samples per second for 5 min. HF diagnosis was ascertained via chart review. We extracted four features of beat-to-beat variability and signal quality, and used them as inputs to a machine learning classification algorithm. MAIN RESULTS The median [interquartile] age was 60 [51 68] years, 65% were men, and 54% had heart failure; in addition, 30% had acutely decompensated HF. The best 10-fold cross-validated testing performance for the diagnosis of HF was achieved using a support vector machine. The waveform-based features alone achieved a pooled test area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80; when a high-sensitivity cut-point (90%) was chosen, the specificity was 50%. When adding demographics, medical history, and vital signs, the AUC improved to 0.87, and specificity improved to 72% (90% sensitivity). SIGNIFICANCE In a cohort of monitored in-patients, we were able to build an HF classifier from data gathered on a wristband wearable. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an algorithm using wristband technology to classify HF patients. This supports the use of such a device as an adjunct tool in bedside diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification.