cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microhabitat associations of a semi-terrestrial fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey 1880) in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest, west-central Florida

Abstract Mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is one of the few species of fish that is semi-terrestrial and able to use exposed intertidal and potentially supratidal habitats for prolonged periods of time. Based on previous work demonstrating frequent use of subterranean crab burrows as well as damp leaf litter and logs, we examined the microhabitat associations of rivulus in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest on the Gulf coast of Florida near the northern limit of its distribution. We captured 161 rivulus on 20 dates between late April and mid-December 2007 using trench traps. Fish ranged in size from 7 to 35 mm SL. Peak abundance in mid-summer coincided with recruitment of a new year-class. The three study sites occurred within 0.5 km of one another, and experienced similar water temperatures and salinities. Nevertheless, they differed in their degree of tidal inundation, standing stock of leaf litter, and density of entrances to fiddler crab burrows. We consistently observed the highest mean catches of rivulus away from permanent subtidal waters of mosquito ditches, at intermediate relative elevations, and where leaf litter was locally abundant. Density of entrances to crab burrows was apparently unrelated to rivulus distribution or abundance in these forests.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: improvement of the therapeutic ratio with helical tomotherapy vs segmental multileaf collimator-based techniques.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare differences in dosimetric, clinical and quality-of-life end points among patients treated with helical tomotherapy (HT) and segmental multileaf collimator (SMLC)-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: From June 2005 to August 2009, 30 consecutive patients were treated with IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma to a dose of 70 Gy. 14 patients (47%) were treated using HT and 16 (53%) were treated using SMLC-based IMRT. 28 patients (93%) received concurrent chemotherapy. The patients were evenly balanced between the two radiotherapy groups with respect to clinical and pathological characteristics. Median follow-up was 30 months (range, 6–62 months). Results: The 2-year estimates of overall survival, local–regional control and progression-free survival were 81%, 87% and 82%, respectively. There were no significant differences in any of these end points with respect to IMRT technique (p>0.05 for all). Dosimetric analysis ...
A comparison of controls on freshwater lens morphology of small carbonate and siliciclastic islands: examples from barrier islands in Florida, USA

The freshwater lens on small islands may easily be overexploited or polluted due to dense development combined with improper management. On small carbonate islands complexities in fresh groundwater distribution are most commonly driven by geologic heterogeneities and their attendant impact on permeability and effective recharge patterns. Siliciclastic islands (composed primarily of quartz sand and other silica-based minerals) have been less well studied, and fewer common patterns of lens development have emerged. On some siliciclastic islands correlations between geology and lens geometries are weak; on these islands the freshwater lens geometry may be largely determined by how vegetation and terrain elevation affect recharge. Other factors such as unequal sea level on opposite sides of an island and transient variability (natural island migration and climate variability) may also be locally significant. Two barrier islands in the northeast Gulf of Mexico fall into this category of siliciclastic islands. Relationships between lens morphology, geology, vegetation, terrain, and sea level and transient effects are documented on St George Island and Dog Island, FL. Patterns of fresh groundwater occurrence are deduced with electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods. Although isolated cores show geologic layering that could potentially control freshwater lens development, ground penetrating radar and seismic surveys show no evidence of semi-continuous subhorizontal layering. Inferred lens thickness and geometry suggests that site geology plays a relatively minor role as a cause of complexity in lens formation. Lens geometry does appear to be related to terrain and vegetation variability, and further complicated by the continuous reforming of these islands by coastal processes and human development.
A simple technique for the measurement of swimming speed of Chlamydomonas.

Abstract A simple technique for the measurement of swimming speed of Chlamydomonas reinhardi is described. The technique is based on a rapid statistical counting method which treats the swimming cells as a dilute, kinetic gas and its accuracy has been confirmed by direct photomicrographic measurements. In principle, this technique can be applied to any suspension of organisms satisfying certain statistical criteria.
Stress, Headache, and Physiological Disregulation: A Time‐Series Analysis of Stress in the Laboratory

This study examined the stress-headache relationship from a disregulation framework by monitoring both physiological responses (e.g., pulse, blood volume, skin resistance, and EMG) and self-reported responses to a stressful event in tension and migraine headache sufferers, as well as in headache-free controls. Responses were analyzed via time-series analyses to determine whether self-reports of stress were correlated with physiological measures of stress. It was hypothesized that tension and migraine headache sufferers would show fewer significant correlations than control participants between their self-reports of stress and physiological activity. Data analyses supported this hypothesis for tension headache sufferers, but generally not for migraine headache sufferers. The most compelling support for the hypothesis in tension headache sufferers came from the cross-correlations between self-reported stress and pulse rate.
3-Manifold Invariants

In Chapter 9 we discussed the geometry and topology of moduli spaces of gauge fields on a manifold. In recent years these moduli spaces have been extensively studied for manifolds of dimensions 2, 3, and 4 (collectively referred to as low-dimensional manifolds). This study was initiated for the 2-dimensional case in [17]. Even in this classical case, the gauge theory perspective provided fresh insights as well as new results and links with physical theories. We make only a passing reference to this case in the context of Chern–Simons theory. In this chapter, we mainly study various instanton invariants of 3-manifolds. The material of this chapter is based in part on [263]. The basic ideas come from Witten’s work on supersymmetric Morse theory. We discuss this work in Section 10.2. In Section 10.3 we consider gauge fields on a 3-dimensional manifold. The field equations are obtained from the Chern–Simons action functional and correspond to flat connections. Casson invariant is discussed in Section 10.4. In Section 10.5 we discuss the Z 8-graded instanton homology theory due to Floer and its relation to the Casson invariant. Floer’s theory was extended to arbitrary closed oriented 3-manifolds by Fukaya. When the first homology of such a manifold is torsion-free, but not necessarily zero, Fukaya also defines a class of invariants indexed by the integer s, 0 ≤ s < 3, where s is the rank of the first integral homology group of the manifold. These invariants include, in particular, the Floer homology groups in the case s = 0. The construction of these invariants is closely related to that of Donaldson polynomials of 4-manifolds, which we considered in Chapter 9. As with the definition of Donaldson polynomials a careful analysis of the singular locus (the set of reducible connections) is required in defining the Fukaya invariants. Section 10.6 is a brief introduction to an extension of Floer homology to a Z-graded homology theory, due to Fintushel and Stern, for homology 3-spheres. Floer also defined a homology theory for symplectic manifolds using Lagrangian submanifolds and used it in his proof of the Arnold conjecture. We do not discuss this theory. For general information on various Morse homologies, see, for example, [29]. The WRT invariants, which arise as a byproduct of Witten’s TQFT interpretation of the Jones polynomial are discussed in Section 10.7. Section 10.8 is devoted to a special case of the question of relating gauge theory and string theory where exact results are available. Geometric transition that is used to interpolate between these theories is also considered here. Some of the material of this chapter is taken from [263].
Approach to Equilibrium in Accelerated Global Oceanic Models.

Abstract The approach to equilibrium of a coarse-resolution, seasonally forced, global oceanic general circulation model is investigated, considering the affects of a widely used acceleration technique that distorts the dynamics by using unequal time steps in the governing equations. A measure of the equilibration time for any solution property is defined as the time it takes to go 90% of the way from its present-value to its equilibrium value. This measure becomes approximately time invariant only after sufficiently long integration. It indicates that the total kinetic energy and most mass transport rates attain equilibrium within about 90 and 40 calender years, respectively. The upper-ocean potential temperature and salinity equilibrium times are about 480 and 380 calender years, following 150- and 20-year initial adjustments, respectively. In the abyssal ocean, potential temperature and salinity equilibration take about 4500 and 3900 calender years, respectively. These longer equilibration times are du...
Fluid Density and Gravitational Variations in Deep Boreholes and Their Effect on Fluid Potential

As depth below the water table increases, there can be significant spatial variations in fluid density. Fluid density is a function of fluid temperature, total dissolved solids and gases content, fluid compressibility, and the force of gravity. Variations in fluid density can affect the applicability of measured water levels to represent fluid pressure at depth and the existence of a scalar fluid potential. Where ground water is sufficiently heterogeneous, fluid pressure and fluid density must be known spatially to properly determine the three-dimensional impelling force per unit mass E = {minus}[g{sub k} + (1/{rho}) {del}P]. Assuming that the water-level elevation in deep boreholes represents a fluid potential may result in significant errors in determining flow direction and quantities under conditions of a variable density fluid and low hydraulic gradients. Boreholes constructed to investigate the feasibility of deep geologic disposal of nuclear waste have penetrated to depths greater than 1,500 m below the Earth`s surface. In these deep boreholes, fluid density variations may need to be considered as a part of the hydrologic analysis. Fluid density variations with depth, predicted as general cases based on simple models, indicate the relative importance of temperature, compressibility, and gravity variations at three potential high-levelmore » nuclear waste repository locations. Fluid density generally decreases with depth for sites where geothermal gradients are greater than 20{degree} C/km, and thermal expansion can offset the effects of fluid compressibility.« less
Complete Protection against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Cancer with a Triterpenoid: DNA Adduct Dosimetry, Molecular Signature, and Genotoxicity Threshold

In experimental animals and humans, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatic toxin and carcinogen. The synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im), a powerful activator of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling, protects against AFB1-induced toxicity and preneoplastic lesion formation (GST-P-positive foci). This study assessed and mechanistically characterized the chemoprotective efficacy of CDDO-Im against AFB1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A lifetime cancer bioassay was undertaken in F344 rats dosed with AFB1 (200 μg/kg rat/day) for four weeks and receiving either vehicle or CDDO-Im (three times weekly), one week before and throughout the exposure period. Weekly, 24-hour urine samples were collected for analysis of AFB1 metabolites. In a subset of rats, livers were analyzed for GST-P foci. The comparative response of a toxicogenomic RNA expression signature for AFB1 was examined. CDDO-Im completely protected (0/20) against AFB1-induced liver cancer compared with a 96% incidence (22/23) observed in the AFB1 group. With CDDO-Im treatment, integrated level of urinary AFB1-N(7)-guanine was significantly reduced (66%) and aflatoxin-N-acetylcysteine, a detoxication product, was consistently elevated (300%) after the first AFB1 dose. In AFB1-treated rats, the hepatic burden of GST-P-positive foci increased substantially (0%-13.8%) over the four weeks, but was largely absent with CDDO-Im intervention. The toxicogenomic RNA expression signature characteristic of AFB1 was absent in the AFB1 + CDDO-Im-treated rats. The remarkable efficacy of CDDO-Im as an anticarcinogen is established even in the face of a significant aflatoxin adduct burden. Consequently, the absence of cancer requires a concept of a threshold for DNA damage for cancer development.
Can We Really Have It All? The Attainment of Work and Family Values

We discuss the role values and value attainment play in the complex and dynamic process of balancing work and family demands. We contend that an individual experiences conflict between work and family demands because of value incongruence between that individual and a pivotal family member (i.e., lack of value similarity) or because of the incongruent values between that individual and the organization (i.e., lack of value congruence). We further argue that work-family conflict leads to job and life dissatisfaction for individuals because this conflict frustrates the attainment of important work and family values. We develop and propose a conceptual model, capturing both work and family values as they relate to work-family conflict, value attainment, and outcomes.
Some Elementary Considerations of Satellite-Earth Communication Systems

The relation between transmitter bandwidth, information gathering rate, and communication system cost is discussed for a simple model of a satellite-ground system, in terms of basic power, weight and cost parameters.
Osteoid osteoma: the difficult diagnosis

The diagnosis of osteoid osteoma can be difficult. We present eight children where the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was difficult, due to a clinical history suggesting an alternative diagnosis, misleading radiological findings, or where the osteoid osteoma was in an unusual site. In some cases, diagnosis was only reached after biopsy, despite radiological investigation and radioisotope studies. The diagnosis should be considered in a child with bony pain or bony swelling, especially where the history is a chronic one. We present a radiological algorithm for the investigation of patients suspected of having an osteoid osteoma.
Regulation of Baboon Fetal Pituitary Prolactin Expression by Estrogen

We previously showed that fetal adrenal fetal zone growth was increased and the number of follicles in the fetal ovary reduced in baboons in which estradiol was suppressed by treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole between mid and late gestation periods. Because adrenal/ovarian development was restored in animals treated with letrozole and estradiol, and both tissues express estrogen receptor, we proposed that estrogen regulates fetal adrenal/ovary development via a direct action. However, because prolactin can modulate fetal adrenal and adult pituitary/ovarian function, the current study determined whether estrogen action involved estradiol-regulated changes in fetal prolactin/luteinizing hormone (LH) expression. Fetal prolactin levels and the number of prolactin-positive fetal pituitary cells (per 0.37 mm2) were increased (P 95%) by letrozole (61 ± 11 ng/ml; 19.3 ± 2.0), and minimally but not significantly increased by letrozole and estradiol (99 ± 11 ng/ml; 32.7 ± 5.2). In contrast, the number of LH-positive fetal pituitary cells decreased (P < 0.01) between mid (48.8 ± 9.5) and late (17.4 ± 3.2) gestation, remained elevated (P < 0.01) in estrogen-suppressed animals (56.6 ± 5.1), and was partially but not significantly decreased by letrozole-estradiol (28.8 ± 5.2). We conclude that estrogen regulates fetal pituitary prolactin and LH expression and fetal prolactin levels. However, because prolactin and LH expressions in estrogen-suppressed fetuses were inversely related to previously demonstrated changes in adrenal/ovarian development, we propose that estrogen regulates the fetal ovary and adrenal gland directly and not via action on the fetal pituitary gland.
Imaging of nonaccidental head trauma in childern

Editor: I enjoyed the article on magnetic resonance and computed tomographic (CT) imaging of nonaccidental head trauma in children by Drs Petitti and Williams (1) in the March issue of Academic Radiology. Their review is a major contribution to the care of abused children. The authors note that "although CT is the diagnostic imaging procedure of choice for detecting acute head injury, fractures that are in the same plane as the CT section may be undetectable. It is therefore important to inspect the scout image that is obtained with the CT study for a skull fracture." They then show such a scout view in their Figure 4; the published image shows the faint line of what must be a parietal skull fracture. I suspect that skull radiographs would have shown this fracture, and perhaps other fractures, much more satisfactorily. We have had several cases in which skull fractures were seen on plain radiographs but were not detected either on the CT sections or on the scout view. Negative CT scans and a negative scout view do not exclude fracture. If it is "important" to demonstrate a fracture, standard skull radiography should be used. Dr Ferzli and colleagues, Drs Pisano, Braeuning, and Cance noted that patients with breast lesions considered to be category 2 (probably benign) according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) (2) should undergo 6month follow-up rather than open or core biopsy. According to the BI-RADS lexicon, category 2 lesions are termed "benign findings" and require annual mammography. Category 3 lesions, however, are defined as "probably benign findings," and short-interval follow-up is suggested. In general, patients with category 3 lesions undergo 6-month follow-up mammography to document stability of the lesion. It is unusual for patients with BIRADS category 2 lesions to undergo biopsy (2). The reviewers noted that patients with category 2 lesions who have high levels of anxiety may find the results of core biopsy reassuring. I think the reviewers may have actually meant category 3 lesions rather than category 2 lesions. According to the BI-RADS lexicon, the lesions that should be sampled for biopsy are category 4 and category 5 lesions. For category 1 and category 2 lesions, biopsy is not required because the results are considered either negative (for category 1 lesions) or negative with benign findings (for category 2 lesions). Category 3 includes probably benign findings, and shortinterval follow-up is suggested. Usually the short-interval follow-up is mammography at 6 months to document stability of the findings. Classification of a lesion as category 3 should not prompt a biopsy, and I imagine that patients with category 3 lesions and high levels of anxiety constitute a small subset for whom biopsy may be appropriate.
Millimetre-Wave Propagation Through Snow

During the SNOW-ONE and SNOW-ONE-A exercises at Camp Ethan Allen, Vermont, measurements of attenuation through falling snow were made at 35, 95, 140, and 217 GHz over a two-way path length of one kilometre. Attenuations measured appeared to be a function of crystal size, free water content and snow mass concentration. Instrumentation design and the results of measurements are presented with some general observations of turbulent phenomena.
The Design and Implementation of a Domain-Specific Language for Network Performance Testing

CONCEPTUAL is a toolset designed specifically to help measure the performance of high-speed interconnection networks such as those used in workstation clusters and parallel computers. It centers around a high-level domain-specific language, which makes it easy for a programmer to express, measure, and report the performance of complex communication patterns. The primary challenge in implementing a compiler for such a language is that the generated code must be extremely efficient so as not to misattribute overhead costs to the messaging library. At the same time, the language itself must not sacrifice expressiveness for compiler efficiency, or there would be little point in using a high-level language for performance testing. This paper describes the CONCEPTUAL language and the CONCEPTUAL compiler's novel code-generation framework. The language provides primitives for a wide variety of idioms needed for performance testing and emphasizes a readable syntax. The core code-generation technique, based on unrolling CONCEPTUAL programs into sequences of communication events, is simple yet enables the efficient implementation of a variety of high-level constructs. The paper further explains how CONCEPTUAL implements time-bounded loops - even those that comprise blocking communication - in the absence of a time-out mechanism as this is a somewhat unique language/implementation feature.
The value of autonomy and the right to self-medication

In 'Three Arguments Against Prescription Requirements', Jessica Flanigan argues that 'prescription drug laws violate patients' rights to self-medication' and that patients 'have rights to self-medication for the same reasons they have rights to refuse medical treatment according to the doctrine of informed consent (DIC), claiming that the strongest of these reasons is grounded on the value of autonomy. However, close examination of the moral value of autonomy shows that rather than being the strongest justification for the DIC, respect for the value of autonomy is actually the weakest, and it is dependent upon the first two well-being-based justifications for the DIC. Recognising this has important implications for Flanigan's argument against prescription requirements.
Persistence of Endometriosis after Correction of an Obstructed Reproductive Tract Anomaly

Abstract Background Endometriosis is commonly found in adolescents with an obstructed reproductive tract and has been reported to always regress after correction. This study highlights 5 patients who had persistent pain and a diagnosis of endometriosis following correction of their anomaly. Cases The cases include patients with agenesis of the lower vagina or an obstructed hemivagina. All had recurrence of pain 6 months to 5 years after their corrective surgery. Laparoscopy revealed Stage I, II, and IV endometriosis. Summary and Conclusions This case series reveals that endometriosis does not always resolve following repair of an obstructive anomaly. This may result from prior/ongoing peritoneal seeding or other factors. Given possible disease progression and potential adverse effect on fertility, it important to consider laparoscopy and medical therapy if these patients have persistent pain.
The Influence of Facial Feedback on Race Bias

Two studies were conducted to examine whether facial feedback can modulate implicit racial bias as assessed by the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Participants were surreptitiously induced to smile through holding a pencil in their mouth while viewing photographs of unfamiliar Black or White males or performed no somatic configuration while viewing the photographs (Study 1 only). All participants then completed the IAT with no facial manipulation. Results revealed a spreading attitude effect, with significantly less racial bias against Blacks among participants surreptitiously induced to smile during prior viewing of Black faces than among participants surreptitiously induced to smile during prior viewing of White faces.
Natural history of male psychological health, XIV: Relationship of mood disorder vulnerability to physical health.

Objective: A 55-year prospective study attempted to determine the antecedents and consequences of positive mental and physical health in adult men. A substudy was conducted to look at the late-life physical health of men selected to be as unlike men with major depressive disorder as possible. Method: Of 237 men selected for health and followed since college, 64 undistressed men had never used mood-altering drugs or consulted a psychiatrist before the age of 50. The health at age 70 of these 64 men was compared with that of 20 men classified as depressed at age 70, 109 men classified as neither healthy nor depressed at age 70, and 44 men classified as having alcohol dependence or abuse at age 70. Results: At age 70, the 64 undistressed men enjoyed significantly better health than the 109 men in the intermediate group. Only three (5%) of the 64 undistressed men were dead or disabled by age 70, compared with 30 (28%) of the 109 men in the intermediate group and nine (45%) of the 20 depressed men. The mean age of the subjects’ maternal grandfathers at death also significantly differentiated the three groups. The differences in longevity among the three groups could not be explained by personality disorder, by cigarette, dietary, or alcohol abuse, or by longevity of the subjects’ other first-degree ancestors. Conclusions: These findings lend support to the hypothesis that risk of affective disorder may lie along a continuum. At one extreme may be men with stable lifestyles, a lifelong resistance to mood disorder, and unusually good physical health in late life. At the other extreme of the continuum may be men with vulnerability to mood disorder and accelerated physical aging. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:184‐191)
The Role of the Crossmatch in Kidney Transplantation: Past, Present and Future.

Immunogenetic characterization of the transplant recipient with crossmatch is used to minimize graft loss by detecting preformed antibodies. Use of increasingly sensitive tests including flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) has been accompanied by near elimination of hyperacute rejection. We reviewed associations of crossmatch results with kidney graft outcomes in contemporary practice, and provided updates of our past publications with more recent data in several instances. Recent United States registry data for transplants performed with a reported positive crossmatch demonstrate immediate graft loss rates of ≤1.3% in FCXM+ recipients, and ≤3.6% in complementdependent cytotoxicity crossmatch positive (CDCXM+) recipients. One-year graft survival was reduced by ≤6.4% in FCXM+ versus FCXM– recipients, and by ≤11.5% in CDCXM+ versus CDCXM– recipients. Five-year graft survival was reduced by ≤10.2 % in FCXM+ versus FCXM– recipients, and by ≤8.7% in CDCXM+ versus CDCXM– recipients. A possible explanation for the markedly lower graft loss risk with crossmatch positive transplants in modern practice may be selection of recipients with low anti-HLA titers. Although a good correlation between virtual crossmatch and actual crossmatch has been demonstrated, the outcome significance of positive virtual/negative actual and negative virtual/positive actual crossmatches is not clearly established. Post-transplant demonstration of the persistence or appearance of donor-specific antibody is of value in prognostication, but utility for adjustment of therapy is uncertain. In summary, contemporary data suggest that, among selected transplants performed, the impact of a positive crossmatch may be relatively small compared to other accepted clinical factors. Further study is warranted work to determine, prospectively, under what circumstances crossmatch positive transplants can precede with safety.
The Theory of Social Benefits and Benefit Accounting

In Chapter 3 we pointed out that there are two information sides to any decision alternative. They are cost and benefit as were suggested. The analytical structure of decision as viewed in framework of cost-benefit analysis is that every decision alternative is cost-benefit supported; every cost has its benefit support and every benefit has its cost support. The cost and benefit constitute a duality with a conceptual separation and unity in practice. The problem of cost has been considered in Chapter 3. As such the basic objective of this chapter is to consider the problem of benefits that may be associated with each feasible alternative when a decision to choose is to be made given the associated costs and objectives.
Diagnosis and treatment of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of the upper extremity.

The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) is a well-described clinical entity that consists of diffuse limb pain, joint tenderness, vasomotor instability, distal limb edema, and dystrophic changes. 1-3 Since its description more than 100 years ago,4 RSDS has been reported under a confusing array of names and designations. 5 These have included causalgia, Sudeck's atrophy, posttraumatic osteoporosis, shoulder-hand syndrome, reflex neurovascular dystrophy, algo dystrophy, algoneurodystrophy, and most recently, sympathetically maintained pain syndrome 6 (Table 1). The diagnosis and treatment of RSDS can be quite complex. 13,5 Early diagnosis is essential if treatment is to be successful. 7 The medical literature is filled with controversy concerning the di-
The Impact of Text-to-Speech on Expository Reading for Adolescents with LD

Text-to-speech (TTS) technology holds promise as a compensatory tool for adolescents with learning disabilities in accessing grade-level expository text. A multiple-baseline-across-participants design examined the effectiveness of TTS on oral reading fluency, comprehension, and task completion time for two males and one female with reading disabilities in a Midwest junior high school. TTS did not affect students' fluency, comprehension, or task completion time, although social validity interviews revealed that each student valued the independence and efficiency TTS provided. Students believed they comprehended fully, read more fluently, and finished the reading task more quickly with TTS than without it. Limitations and implications for future research are addressed in this article.
Feasibility of cloud enabled humanoid robots: Development of low latency geographically adjacent real-time cloud control

This paper explores the feasibility and proposes a method on how to obtain high frequency real-time controllers operating in loop with physical robot hardware over a geographically adjacent cloud server architecture. Having the cloud in the loop has many purposes including increasing computation, decreasing power usage, reducing overall robot weight etc. Today when robots use the cloud in loop it is typically for sharing information, high level planning, and other non-realtime tasks. All of the balancing and stability algorithms (the heart of the humanoid) stay onboard the robot. What if we could run high frequency real-time loops over the cloud? The better question is how would we do that? As with any real-time system latency is a big factor in the application and operation frequency. This paper shows that with a geographically adjacent server approach it is feasible to obtain high frequency real-time control in loop with with a physical robot over the cloud. The feasibility of such a system running in-loop on humanoids is explored and tested.
The effect of gap formation at the repair site on the strength and excursion of intrasynovial flexor tendons. An experimental study on the early stages of tendon-healing in dogs.

Background: Elongation (gap formation) at the repair site has been associated with the formation of adhesions and a poor functional outcome after repair of flexor tendons. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of gap formation in a clinically relevant canine model and to assess the effect of gap size on the range of motion of the digits and the mechanical properties of the tendons. Methods: We performed operative repairs after sharp transection of sixty-four flexor tendons in thirty-two adult dogs. Rehabilitation with passive motion was performed daily until the dogs were killed at ten, twenty-one, or forty-two days postoperatively. Eight tendons ruptured in vivo. In the fifty-six intact specimens, the change in the angles of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and the linear excursion of the flexor tendon were measured as a 1.5-newton force was applied to the tendon. The gap at the repair site was then measured, and the isolated tendons were tested to failure in tension. Results: Twenty-nine tendons had a gap of less than one millimeter, twelve had a gap of one to three millimeters, and fifteen had a gap of more than three millimeters. Neither the time after the repair nor the size of the gap was found to have a significant effect on motion parameters (p > 0.05); however, the ultimate force, repair-site rigidity, and repair-site strain at twenty newtons were significantly affected by these parameters (p < 0.05). Testing of the tendons with a gap of three millimeters or less revealed that, compared with the ten-day specimens, the forty-two-day specimens failed at a significantly (90 percent) higher force (p < 0.01) and had a significantly (320 percent) increased rigidity (p < 0.01) and a significantly (60 percent) decreased strain at twenty newtons (p < 0.05). In contrast, the tensile properties of the tendons that had a gap of more than three millimeters did not change significantly with time. Conclusions: Our data indicate that, in a dog model involving sharp transection followed by repair, a gap at the repair site of more than three millimeters does not increase the prevalence of adhesions or impair the range of motion but does prevent the accrual of strength and stiffness that normally occurs with time. Clinical Relevance: Tendons that have a large gap are at increased risk for rupture during early rehabilitation, and this risk of rupture does not decrease in the first six weeks.
An ultra low power feature extraction and classification system for wearable seizure detection

In this paper we explore the use of a variety of machine learning algorithms for designing a reliable and low-power, multi-channel EEG feature extractor and classifier for predicting seizures from electroencephalographic data (scalp EEG). Different machine learning classifiers including k-nearest neighbor, support vector machines, naive Bayes, logistic regression, and neural networks are explored with the goal of maximizing detection accuracy while minimizing power, area, and latency. The input to each machine learning classifier is a 198 feature vector containing 9 features for each of the 22 EEG channels obtained over 1-second windows. All classifiers were able to obtain F1 scores over 80% and onset sensitivity of 100% when tested on 10 patients. Among five different classifiers that were explored, logistic regression (LR) proved to have minimum hardware complexity while providing average F-1 score of 91%. Both ASIC and FPGA implementations of logistic regression are presented and show the smallest area, power consumption, and the lowest latency when compared to the previous work.
Between Rationalism and Idealism—Interpretation of FENG You-lan's Philosophy Spirit

FENG You-lan's philosophy mixes together the features of rationalism and idealism, the former mainly demonstrating rational method and rational idea;the latter showing the inheritance and development of the Confucian school. But the mixture has inner and great theoretical tension.
Technical note: a rapid method for quantification of calpain and calpastatin activities in muscle

Stepwise and continuous gradient ion-exchange chromatography were compared for yield of calpains and calpastatin from ovine muscle in a study designed to quantify their activities for comparative purposes. In Exp. 1, a continuous (25 to 400 mM NaCl) gradient and a two-step gradient method (200 mM NaCl to coelute mu-calpain and calpastatin together and then 400 mM NaCl to elute mu-calpain) were compared. For the two-step method, mu-calpain activities were determined by subtracting calpastatin activities before and after heat inactivation of mu-calpain. Both the two-step and the continuous gradient method yielded similar results over a broad range of activities. The stepwise gradient method does not require the use of fraction collectors and pumps, and it can be completed in a fraction of the time required for the continuous gradient method. In Exp. 2, the two-step method was compared with a three-step method (100 mM NaCl to elute calpastatin, then 200 mM NaCl to elute mu-calpain, and then 400 mM NaCl to elute m-calpain). Unlike the continuous gradient method, calpastatin and mu-calpain could not be completely separated using the three-step chromatography method. Thus, the three-step gradient method should not be used to quantify the components of the calpain proteolytic system. The present results indicate that the two-step gradient method is a fast and inexpensive method to determine calpain and calpastatin activities in studies designed to quantify the components of the calpain proteolytic system in skeletal muscle.
Microvascular Management of Multiple Renal Arteries in Transplantation

We transplanted 8 kidneys with multiple vessels into 8 recipients using microvascular techniques to reconstruct renal arteries. Three living related combinations underwent implantation of small polar vessels (end-to-side) into the main renal artery and 1 underwent conjoined (side-to-side) anastomosis of 2 equal-sized renal arteries to form a common ostium. Additional techniques were used to manage 4 cadaver kidneys with multiple renal vessels. These included anastomosis of the lower pole artery to the inferior epigastric artery, end-to-end reanastomosis of the severed branch renal artery, separate anastomoses of 2 renal arteries to 2 branches of the hypogastric artery, and placement of 2 pediatric cadaver kidneys en bloc by anastomosis of the infrahilar aorta into the external iliac artery, and anastomosis of the infrahilar vena cava to the external iliac vein. Vascular patency (confirmed by angiography) was uniform for all anastomotic vessels. No hypertensive problems developed. In 2 cases ureteral leakage occurred, which leads us to advise caution when contemplating intrahilar vascular reconstruction of short left multiple renal arteries. Recent advances in technology of microvascular surgery have enabled dependable reconstruction of multiple renal vessels in living related and cadaver donor kidneys.
O.J. Simpson Facts and Fictions: (Re)affirming official sources: O.J. and the Los Angeles Times

The words “Los Angeles Times,” set in large, bold letters, extend across the four center columns of newsprint. In the far right hand column, a forty- to fifty-paragraph article reviews the previous day's developments in the Simpson double murder case. A full-color photograph and two-column headline typically complement this article. In one of the other six columns comprising the front page, a sidebar story about the case often appears. Inside the newspaper, perhaps, another story or two expands on issues related to the case. This is what confronted the reader of the Los Angeles Times on a typical morning during the “Trial of the Century.” Its main offices situated just a block from the building housing Judge Ito's courtroom, the Times was well-positioned to be the “paper of record” in the Simpson case. But the Times , owned by the multi-billion dollar Times Mirror Company, also had a daily circulation of about 1 million, making it the largest newspaper in Los Angeles and the fourth-largest newspaper in the nation. It was one of only five news organizations awarded a permanent seat in Ito's courtroom (see chapter 3). It also had ample newsworker resources to devote to every facet of the Simpson saga, from the murders, through the criminal trial verdicts, and beyond. Indeed, the newspaper devoted five newsworkers to the case full-time for more than a year.
Choice and the Conditioned Reinforcing Strength of Informative Stimuli

In two experiments using the concurrent chains procedure, pigeons were presented with a choice between alternatives in which the prevailing stimuli were correlated or uncorrelated with differing conditions of reinforcement. In both experiments, the overall rate of primary reinforcement afforded by the alternative with the correlated stimuli was lower than that afforded by the alternative with the uncorrelated stimulus. The difference between rates of primary reinforcement was achieved through selective manipulation of the probability of the reinforcement (Experiment 1) and duration of the interreinforcement interval (Experiment 2) in the alternative with the correlated stimuli. The results indicated that the alternative with the correlated stimuli maintained at least as much choice responding as did the alternative with the uncorrelated stimulus, despite the lower overall rate of primary reinforcement. The results further suggested that the conditioned reinforcement provided by the stimulus positively correlated with the availability of reinforcement compensated for the lower overall rate of primary reinforcement from that alternative.
Evaluation of Dashboard Interactivity for a Local Foodbank

Food insecurity is a serious problem and non-profit humanitarian relief agencies such as foodbanks play a significant role in fighting hunger. Each foodbank collects a lot of data every day. However, the complexity of the data collected from the relief operations provide a challenge for the foodbank managers to make informed decisions. Working with a local foodbank, we have developed dashboards that provide visualized information and allow users to interact with the tool. The effectiveness of the dashboard interactivity was evaluated in an empirical study. Results revealed that different types of interactivity had an impact on user performance. Findings from this research can help designers improve their dashboard design.
The viral tyrosine protein kinases.

The acutely transforming retroviruses have revealed the existence of more than twenty different genes with oncogenic potential. Seven of these — src, abl, yes, erbB, fps (fes), fgr, fms, and ros — encode proteins with intrinsic tyrosine protein kinase activity. The inappropriate phosphorylation of cellular proteins is likely to play a central and crucial role in the malignant transformation of cells in which these genes are expressed.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Is there a connection between being healthy and being more consciously present? Do meditation practices that emphasize nonjudging awareness promote movement toward greater levels of health, including improvements in anxiety and related disorders? Can one successfully assume a larger degree of responsibility for one’s own health by adopting a personal meditation practice? Is it possible to establish an effective and broadly replicable training program in mindfulness meditation that appeals to individuals of diverse social, medical, and spiritual backgroundswhoshare a common motivation to improve their personal health outcomes? Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) was born of such questions.
Constitución, orden público y tendencias legislativas recientes

Este articulo pretende demostrar que los proyectos de ley en materia de orden publico que se encuentran en la Comision de Seguridad Ciudadana y Drogas reflejan una tendencia legislativa expansionista del derecho penal en la politica criminal chilena, la que vulnera derechos fundamentales consagrados en la Constitucion Politica. Estos derechos son el principio de legalidad, la responsabilidad individual de las penas, el derecho a no autoincriminarse, la garantia de proteccion judicial, el derecho a la libertad personal y seguridad individual, la libertad de conciencia, el derecho a la no discriminacion arbitraria y la libertad de expresion y de opinion.
Optimal wound care management in hidradenitis suppurativa.

AbstractIntroduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) presents the problem of a chronic, relapsing, painful, draining wound. There is a myriad of HS wound care management strategies implemented by cl...
A primer for uncertainty modeling in jointed structures

One major difficulty that exists in reconciling model predictions of a system with experimental measurements is assessing and accounting for the uncertainties in the system. There are several enumerated sources of uncertainty in model prediction of physical phenomena, the primary ones being: model form error, aleatoric uncertainty of model parameters, epistemic uncertainty of model parameters, and model solution error. These forms of uncertainty can have insidious consequences for modeling if not properly identified and accounted for. In particular, confusion between aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty can lead to a fundamentally incorrect model being inappropriately fit to data such that the model seems to be correct. As a consequence, model predictions may be nonphysical or nonsensical outside of the regime for which the model is calibrated. This chapter presents a tutorial on the uncertainty modeling techniques that are commonly employed for analyzing jointed structures. This chapter concludes by discussing the areas of open research in uncertainty techniques.
Registry study to assess hair loss prevention with the Penguin Cold Cap in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is a distressing side effect of cancer treatment. The aim of this registry study was to assess efficacy and tolerability of scalp hypothermia using Penguin Cold Caps (Penguin) in breast cancer patients. Hair loss was assessed by patients using a 100-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and by physicians using the 5-point Dean Scale at baseline, every 3–4 weeks during chemotherapy, and at least 1 month after completion of chemotherapy. The primary efficacy endpoint for success was defined as ≤50% hair loss by patient report (VAS) at follow-up (FUP). Tolerability and satisfaction were assessed by patient report. 103 patients enrolled between 7/2010 and 6/2015; 97 are evaluable for the primary endpoint. Chemotherapy included docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TC; n = 50) for 4–6 cycles every 3 weeks, weekly paclitaxel for 12 weeks then doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (P/AC; n = 23) for 4 cycles every 2–3 weeks, AC then paclitaxel (AC/P; n = 10), docetaxel/carboplatin ± trastuzumab (TCH; n = 4) for 4–6 cycles every 3 weeks. Overall, 61% of patients successfully prevented CIA; impact was regimen specific: TCH 100%, TC × 4 84%, TC × 5–6 50%, P/AC 43%, AC/P 20%. The most common toxicity was headache, reported by 78.5% of patients with mean pain level 37/100. Satisfaction among those who completed scalp cooling (SC) and FUP ranged from 74 to 100%. All patients who completed SC/FUP recommended Penguin. Scalp hypothermia with Penguin is effective in reducing alopecia, particularly for non-anthracycline-based shorter regimens. Penguin was well tolerated and viewed favorably by most patients.