cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the antitumor effects of rilotumumab by PET imaging in a U-87 MG mouse xenograft model.

Abstract Introduction Dysregulation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET pathway has been implicated in various cancers. Rilotumumab is an investigational, fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes HGF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rilotumumab in a U-87 MG mouse xenograft tumor model using 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FLT PET. Methods U-87 MG tumor-bearing nude mice received rilotumumab or control IgG2. In the dose response study, increasing doses of rilotumumab (10, 30, 100, 300, or 500 μg) were administered, and mice were evaluated with 18 F-FDG PET at baseline and 7 days post-treatment. In the time course study, 300 μg of rilotumumab twice per week was used for the treatment, and mice were evaluated over 7 days using 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FLT PET. Results In the dose response study, rilotumumab at doses of 300 and 500 μg was similarly effective against tumor growth. Treatment with 300 and 500 μg rilotumumab inhibited 18 F-FDG accumulation with significant decreases of − 37% and − 40% in the percent injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), respectively. In the time course study, treatment with 300 μg rilotumumab inhibited 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FLT accumulation with a maximum %ID/g of − 41% and − 64%, respectively. No apparent differences between the use of either tracer to evaluate rilotumumab efficacy were observed. Conclusions Rilotumumab inhibited 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FLT accumulation as early as 2 and 4 days after treatment, respectively, in a mouse tumor model. Further studies to evaluate 18 F-FDG PET imaging as an early tumor response marker for rilotumumab are warranted. Rilotumumab is currently being tested in patients with MET-positive, advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer.
Housing tenure choice: Evidence from time series

Abstract A model of tenure choice is specified and estimated. A simple expression to represent the expected rate of return on equity for a homeowner is developed. Also the influence of the federal housing subsidy programs is analyzed. Both, plus permanent income and the implicit rental price of owner-occupied housing, are important determinants of tenure choice. Other influences are the financing gap with the standard mortgage instrument in an inflationary environment, the number of children less than 18 per family, assets and liabilities, and mortgage credit terms. Finally, the changes in housing tenure choice over the estimation period are analyzed.
Cardiac repair and restoration using human embryonic stem cells

Advances in directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward cardiac lineages have generated much interest within the myocardial therapy field. Beyond the promise that hESCs would provide a supply of new cardiomyocytes to the damaged heart, recent studies have also shown that paracrine effects of stem cell therapy may facilitate myocardial healing. This review describes the advantages of hESCs for these purposes, current methods for directing differentiation of hESCs toward cardiac fates, approaches to purification and engineered selection of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac precursors, as well as animal studies that have shed light on the therapeutic uses of hESCs in cardiac regenerative medicine.
On axisymmetric free vibrations of thin truncated conical shells

Abstract The axisymmetric free vibrations of thin truncated conical shells are studied by means of power-series solutions. Effects of shear deformation and rotatory inertia are accounted for and the results are compared with those predicted by the classical thin-shell theory. It was found that the shear deformation-rotatory inertia theory predicted lower frequencies when compared to those predicted by the classical thin-shell theory, these differences being relatively greater for the shorter cones.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α‐associated hypereosinophilic syndrome and lymphomatoid papulosis

Summary Fip1-like 1/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (FIP1L1/PDGFRA)-positive hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis if untreated and for which treatment with imatinib mesilate is highly effective. A 33-year-old man presented with recurrent papular skin lesions and marked peripheral eosinophilia. Skin biopsy revealed proliferation of CD30+ T cells consistent with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), whereas molecular analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated the presence of the FIP1L1/PDGFRA fusion gene. As the presence of this gene has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, this report underscores the importance of molecular testing in the evaluation of patients with LyP and peripheral eosinophilia.
Distinct gene expression profiles in adult mouse heart following targeted MAP kinase activation

Three major MAP kinase signaling cascades, ERK, p38, and JNK, play significant roles in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in response to external stress and neural/hormonal s...
Epigenetic modifications associated with suicide and common mood and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of the literature.

Epigenetic modifications are those reversible, mitotically heritable alterations in genomic expression that occur independent of changes in gene sequence. Epigenetic studies have the potential to improve our understanding of the etiology of mood and anxiety disorders and suicide by bridging the gap in knowledge between the exogenous environmental exposures and pathophysiology that produce common mood and anxiety disorders and suicide. We systematically reviewed the English-language peer-reviewed literature about epigenetic regulation in these disorders between 2001–2011, summarizing and synthesizing this literature with respect to directions for future work. Twenty-one articles met our inclusion criteria. Twelve studies were concerned with epigenetic changes among suicide completers; other studies considered epigenetic regulation in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and panic disorder. Several studies focused on epigenetic regulation of amine, glucocorticoid, and serotonin metabolism in the production of common mood and anxiety disorders and suicide. The literature is nascent and has yet to reach consensus about the roles of particular epigenetic modifications in the etiology of these outcomes. Future studies require larger sample sizes and measurements of environmental exposures antecedent to epigenetic modification. Further work is also needed to clarify the link between epigenetic modifications in the brain and peripheral tissues and to establish ‘gold standard’ epigenetic assays.
Piezoelectric actuators/ultrasonic motors-their developments and markets

The recent development trend of piezoelectric actuators/ultrasonic motors is reviewed from the Japanese patent disclosure, and their future market is predicted, which may reach up to $10 billion in the year of 2000.
Triaryl Pyrazoline Compound Inhibits Flavivirus RNA Replication

Triaryl pyrazoline {[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-thiophen-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl-methanone} inhibits flavivirus infection in cell culture. The inhibitor was identified through high-throughput screening of a compound library using a luciferase-expressing West Nile (WN) virus infection assay. The compound inhibited an epidemic strain of WN virus without detectable cytotoxicity (a 50% effective concentration of 28 μM and a compound concentration of ≥300 μM required to reduce 50% cell viability). Besides WN virus, the compound also inhibited other flaviviruses (dengue, yellow fever, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses), an alphavirus (Western equine encephalitis virus), a coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus), and a rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus). However, the compound did not suppress an orthomyxovirus (influenza virus) or a retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus type 1). Mode-of-action analyses in WN virus showed that the compound did not inhibit viral entry or virion assembly but specifically suppressed viral RNA synthesis. To examine the mechanism of inhibition of dengue virus, we developed two replicon systems for dengue type 1 virus: (i) a stable cell line that harbored replicons containing a luciferase reporter and a neomycin phosphotransferase selection marker and (ii) a luciferase-expressing replicon that could differentiate between viral translation and RNA replication. Analyses of the compound in the dengue type 1 virus replicon systems showed that it weakly suppressed viral translation but significantly inhibited viral RNA synthesis. Overall, the results demonstrate that triaryl pyrazoline exerts a broad spectrum of antiflavivirus activity through potent inhibition of viral RNA replication. This novel inhibitor could be developed for potential treatment of flavivirus infection.
Quantitative phase retrieval

Imaging the internal structure of quasi-transparent three-dimensional (3D) objects is one of the most challenging tasks for optical systems. If the light propagates coherently through the volumetric object, then collection of phase projections from different angles and tomographic reconstruction are required. However, a single shot from a high space-bandwidth-product camera is often sufficient to yield 3D information if the object is sufficiently sparse. For incoherent 3D sources or scatterers, the mutual intensity of the propagated field has sufficient degrees of freedom to reconstruct the source but it is limited by the sensitivity (contrast) of the interferometric measurement. We describe two complementary methods of phase recovery. (1) For the coherent sparse case, which typically leads to rapid phase oscillations at the exit pupil, we have implemented several generations of digital holographic imaging systems which can be deployed underwater to image, e.g. aquatic organisms, seed particles, or bubbles in a flow. (2) For slowly varying optical density profiles, we have been investigating phase recovery via the Transport of Intensity Equation (TIE) and we have developed methods to improve contrast and eliminate the inherent scanning requirement by exploiting the (known) object dispersion. We will present experimental results and discuss these methods comparatively.
Fully resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy of pentacene and dye molecules in condensed phases

Dispersive multi-resonant coherent anti-Stokes and Stokes (CARS and CSRS) data are reported for pentacene in naphtha­ lene. The vibronic resonances are associated with the lowest excited singlet state of pentacene. Attention is focused on the 755 cm"^ ground state fundamental of pentacene, its excited state counterpart at 747 cm~^ and their two partners which move with the detuning, d, of the laser away from the electronic origin transition at (d = Pentacene in naphthalene appears to be unusual in that excited electron­ ic state CARS resonances are observed for negative detunings which are large relative to the inhomogeneous linewidth of the Wq,q transition. Temperature dependent studies indicate that the excited state population mechanism involves phonon hotband absorption. Power broadening data for the 755 cm~^ resonance obtained for negative detunings are discussed in terms of a distribution of dynamic Stark shifts resulting from the site inhomogeneous line broadening of vibronic transitions. Novel temperature dependent data for positive detuning (d = 4 cm ) are presented and tentatively interpreted in terms of the interplay between dephasing induced coherent emission (DICE from the excited state population) and the temperature dependence of the phonon sideband absorption building on the (0',0) band. CARS and CSRS data are presented which are
Estimation of seismic drift demands for frame structures

A process is outlined and evaluated for the estimation of seismic roof and storey drift demands for frame structures from the spectral displacement demand at the first mode period of the structure. The spectral displacement demand is related to the roof drift demand for the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structure using three modification factors, accounting for MDOF effects, inelasticity effects, and P-delta effects. Median values and measures of dispersion for the factors are obtained from elastic and inelastic time history analyses of nine steel moment resisting frame structures subjected to sets of ground motions representative of different hazard levels. The roof drift demand is related to the storey drift demands, with the results being strongly dependent on the number of stories and the ground motion characteristics. The relationships proposed in this paper should prove useful in the conceptual design phase, in estimating deformation demands for performance assessment, and in improving basic understanding of seismic behaviour. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonparametric Model-Based Reinforcement Learning

This paper describes some of the interactions of model learning algorithms and planning algorithms we have found in exploring model-based reinforcement learning. The paper focuses on how local trajectory optimizers can be used effectively with learned non-parametric models. We find that trajectory planners that are fully consistent with the learned model often have difficulty finding reasonable plans in the early stages of learning. Trajectory planners that balance obeying the learned model with minimizing cost (or maximizing reward) often do better, even if the plan is not fully consistent with the learned model.
Concomitant boost radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa

Abstract Purpose : To assess the efficacy of a concomitant boost fractionation schedule of radiotherapy for treating patients with squamous carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa. Patients and Methods : Between December 1983 and November 1992, 83 patients with squamous carcinoma of the tonsil were treated with concomitant boost fractionation. The distribution of American Joint Committee on Cancer T stages was TX-4, T1-5, T2-29, T3-41, T4-4; N stages were NX-1, N0-26, N1-13, N2-31, N3-12. Patients were treated with standard large fields to 54 Gy in 6 weeks. The boost treatment consisted of a second daily 1.5 Gy fraction for 10–12 fractions, usually delivered during the final phase of treatment. The tumor dose was 69–72 Gy, given over 6 weeks. Twenty-one patients, who all had N2 or N3 regional disease, underwent neck dissections, either before (13 patients) or 6 weeks after radiotherapy (8 patients); the other patients were treated with radiotherapy alone. Results : The 5-year actuarial disease-specific survival and overall survival rates were 71 and 60%, respectively. Patients with T2 and T3 primary tumors had 5-year actuarial local control rates of 96 and 78%, respectively. Patients with T3 disease who received the final-phase boost had a 5-year actuarial local control rate of 82%. Actuarial 5-year regional disease control rates were N0, 92%; N1, 76%; N2, 89%; and N3, 89%. The 21 patients who had neck dissections all had their disease regionally controlled. Patients presenting with nodal disease or after a node excision who were treated with radiation alone had a 5-year actuarial regional disease control rate of 79%. All but five patients had confluent Grade 4 mucositis during treatment. Severe late complications attributable to radiation included mandibular necrosis [1], in-field osteosarcoma [1], and chronic dysphagia for solid foods [5]. Conclusions : High rages of local and regional disease control were achieved with the concomitant boost fractionation schedule, with few cases of severe late morbidity. Patients with N2 and N3 neck disease were effectively treated with radiation and the selective use of neck dissections. The concomitant boost schedule is our preferred fractionation approach for treating patients with intermediate stage tonsil cancer who are not participating in our current research protocols.
Cell surface actin remodeling.

Actin filament remodeling at cell surfaces is a fundamental aspect of cellular life. Except for minor sequence variations, actin proteins are structurally identical. They have similar self-association properties and ATPase activities that accommodate their assembly into polarized semi-flexible
Psychotherapy and Religion: Rapprochement or Antithesis?

Religion and psychotherapy have long maintained separate directions, currently manifested in four viewpoints: orthodox, atheistic, neutralist, and moderate. Although each therapeutic viewpoint is distinct, each contains the seed for rapprochement. The need for a rapprochement that provides professional psychotherapy capable of addressing religious issues is clearly voiced by laypersons, who are clients or potential clients, and by members of the clergy and psychotherapeutic professions. Increasing numbers of ministers now receive professional preparation for pastoral counseling. It is timely for those in the counseling professions to consider seriously specialized education and certification in religious counseling for secular psychotherapists.
3D occlusion recovery using few cameras

We present a practical framework for detecting and modeling 3D static occlusions for wide-baseline, multi-camera scenarios where the number of cameras is small. The framework consists of an iterative learning procedure where at each frame the occlusion model is used to solve the voxel occupancy problem, and this solution is then used to update the occlusion model. Along with this iterative procedure, there are two contributions of the proposed work: (1) a novel energy function (which can be minimized via graph cuts) specifically designed for use in this procedure, and (2) an application that incorporates our probabilistic occlusion model into a 3D tracking system. Both qualitative and quantitative results of the proposed algorithm and its incorporation with a 3D tracker are presented for support.
Climate‐driven trends and ecological implications of event‐scale upwelling in the California Current System

Eastern boundary current systems are among the most productive and lucrative ecosystems on Earth because they benefit from upwelling currents. Upwelling currents subsidize the base of the coastal food web by bringing deep, cold and nutrient-rich water to the surface. As upwelling is driven by large-scale atmospheric patterns, global climate change has the potential to affect a wide range of significant ecological processes through changes in water chemistry, water temperature, and the transport processes that influence species dispersal and recruitment. We examined long-term trends in the frequency, duration, and strength of continuous upwelling events for the Oregon and California regions of the California Current System in the eastern Pacific Ocean. We then associated event-scale upwelling with up to 21 years of barnacle and mussel recruitment, and water temperature data measured at rocky intertidal field sites along the Oregon coast. Our analyses suggest that upwelling events are changing in ways that are consistent with climate change predictions: upwelling events are becoming less frequent, stronger, and longer in duration. In addition, upwelling events have a quasi-instantaneous and cumulative effect on rocky intertidal water temperatures, with longer events leading to colder temperatures. Longer, more persistent upwelling events were negatively associated with barnacle recruitment but positively associated with mussel recruitment. However, since barnacles facilitate mussel recruitment by providing attachment sites, increased upwelling persistence could have indirect negative impacts on mussel populations. Overall, our results indicate that changes in coastal upwelling that are consistent with climate change predictions are altering the tempo and the mode of environmental forcing in near-shore ecosystems, with potentially severe and discontinuous ramifications for ecosystem structure and functioning.
A comprehensive undergraduate information assurance program

This paper describes the experience of our institution in creating a comprehensive undergraduate information assurance (IA) program. An interdisciplinary approach was undertaken in order to include a larger portion of the student body and faculty and thus influence a broader audience. The program includes a wide variety of mutually supporting information assurance activities including a research center, coursework, an information warfare laboratory, a cyber defense exercise, an outreach program, conferences, trips, summer internships, a guest speaker program, a National Security Agency Liaison program, summer student internships, faculty sabbaticals and a student information warfare club. This paper organizes discussion of these activities into the student experience, building faculty expertise, and organizational support. The catalyst for these activities has been the formation of the Military Academy's dedicated information assurance research center, the Information Technology and Operations Center (ITOC), and the continuing support from and interaction with the National Security Agency. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a descriptive resource to educators who wish to implement an undergraduate or graduate level information assurance program. It is our sincere hope to inspire and aid others in starting similar programs.
The cyclopoid copepods of a wet campo marsh in central Brazil

Eight species of cyclopoid copepods were recorded from 1979–1983 in the complex microhabitats of a wet campo (campo umido) marsh in central Brazil. Ectocyclops herbsti and Paracyclops fimbriatus occurred most often in areas with water covering the soil; Muscocyclops therasiae n. sp. occurred mainly in soils with no surface water; while Metacyclops campestris n. sp. showed no distinct microhabitat preference. Occurrence of the remaining four species was too sporadic to determine microhabitat preference. Paracyclops carectum n. sp., Metacyclops campestris n. sp., Muscocyclops therasiae n. sp., Muscocyclops bidentatus n. sp. and Ponticyclops boscoi n. g. n. sp. are described. A key to the New World species of Metacyclops s. str. is provided.
An optimal control analysis of motor strategies in a brain-computer interface task

Optimality principles have provided concise and powerful descriptions of a wide variety of motor tasks, including arm-reaching, saccadic movements, and human walking. Here, we consider whether optimal control methods can be used to understand the control strategy employed in a visual brain-computer interface (BCI) task controlled by isolated cortical neurons (units). Using an inverse optimal control method we obtain, from many candidate cost functions, a weighted objective function which is consistent with average trajectories of a movement task under both brain and native limb control. The objective function has physiological and theoretical relevance, and we consider its implications for the movement strategies in each task type. Furthermore, the objective function is suggestive of a closed-loop optimal control model. The results of this paper show that optimal control theory can provide significant utility towards understanding motor strategies and system properties in BCIs.
Competing basal ganglia pathways determine the difference between stopping and deciding not to go

The architecture of corticobasal ganglia pathways allows for many routes to inhibit a planned action: the hyperdirect pathway performs fast action cancellation and the indirect pathway competitively constrains execution signals from the direct pathway. We present a novel model, principled off of basal ganglia circuitry, that differentiates control dynamics of reactive stopping from intrinsic no-go decisions. Using a nested diffusion model, we show how reactive braking depends on the state of an execution process. In contrast, no-go decisions are best captured by a failure of the execution process to reach the decision threshold due to increasing constraints on the drift rate. This model accounts for both behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) responses during inhibitory control tasks better than alternative models. The advantage of this framework is that it allows for incorporating the effects of context in reactive and proactive control into a single unifying parameter, while distinguishing action cancellation from no-go decisions.
Immigration Federalism as Ideology: Lessons from the States

Over the last decade states passed hundreds of immigration bills covering a range of policy areas. This article considers the recent state legislative surge against scholarly treatments of immigration federalism, and identifies the symbolic politics in state lawmaking. The analysis combines a historical treatment of key court decisions that delineated boundaries of state and federal immigration roles with a legislative analysis of over 2200 immigration bills passed between 2006 and 2013, to identify the numerous ways in which national immigration policy shapes state measures. It argues that recent laws must be considered against symbolic federalism which privileges state sovereignty and justifies social policy devolution by advancing frames of intergovernmental conflict, state-level policy pragmatism, and federal ineffectiveness.
Homeotic response elements are tightly linked to tissue-specific elements in a transcriptional enhancer of the teashirt gene

Along the anterior-posterior axis of animal embryos, the choice of cell fates, and the organization of morphogenesis, is regulated by transcription factors encoded by clustered homeotic or ‘Hox’ genes. Hox genes function in both epidermis and internal tissues by regulating the transcription of target genes in a position- and tissue-specific manner. Hox proteins can have distinct targets in different tissues; the mechanisms underlying tissue and homeotic protein specificity are unknown. Light may be shed by studying the organization of target gene enhancers. In flies, one of the target genes is teashirt (tsh), which encodes a zinc finger protein. tsh itself is a homeotic gene that controls trunk versus head development. We identified a tsh gene enhancer that is differentially activated by Hox proteins in epidermis and mesoderm. Sites where Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) proteins bind in vitro were mapped within evolutionarily conserved sequences. Although Antp and Ubx bind to identical sites in vitro, Antp activates the tsh enhancer only in epidermis while Ubx activates the tsh enhancer in both epidermis and in somatic mesoderm. We show that the DNA elements driving tissue-specific transcriptional activation by Antp and Ubx are separable. Next to the homeotic protein-binding sites are extensive conserved sequences likely to control tissue activation by different homeodomain proteins. We propose that local interactions between homeotic proteins and other factors effect activation of targets in proper cell types.
Studies of Ultrastructure, Cytochemistry, and Organ Culture of Human Bronchial Epithelium

In these studies human bronchi removed at time of surgery of “immediate autopsy” from both cancer and non-cancer patients are studied by light and electron microscopy and cytochemistry and cultured in vitro with serial studies of morphology and metabolism. Segments removed from humans are cultured in CMRL 1066 containing insulin and hydrocortisone with or without 5% inactivated fetal calf serum and with or without addition of vitamin A. Segments have been stored at 0–4°C in L-15 medium for up to 2 days prior to successful culture. Cultures are carried out in plastic Petri dishes on rocking platforms in chambers gassed with 45% oxygen, 50% nitrogen, and 5% CO2. The epithelial preservation can be seen by both light and electron microscopy and cultured tissues show normal areas of metaplasia and dysplasia. Specimens have so far been maintained for as long as 4 months with good maintenance of ultrastructure.
Intramuscular fatty acid metabolism evaluated with stable isotopic tracers

We evaluated the applicability of stable isotopic tracers to the study of intramuscular fatty acid metabolism by infusing both [U-13C]palmitate and [1-13C]oleate intravenously for 4 h into fasted c...
The Nature of Expertise: Narrative Description of 19 Common Elements Observed in the Lessons of Three Renowned Artist-Teachers

We examined approximately 25 hours of video recordings of private lessons taught by three internationally recognized artist-teachers: the oboist Richard Killmer, the violist Donald McInnes, and the pianist Nelita True. By creating detailed narrative descriptions of the lessons observed, we sought to determine whether there were elements of instruction that appeared in the teaching of all three pedagogues. We identified 19 such elements, which we organized in three broad categories: Goals and Expectations, Effecting Change, and Conveying Information. All of the 19 elements,which we describe in detail, were prominent features in the lessons taught by all three teachers.
Evidence that chick tendon procollagen must be denatured to serve as substrate for proline hydroxylase (Short Communication)

The ability of chick-embryo proline hydroxylase to hydroxylate [14C]proline-labelled procollagen was investigated between 23° and 37°C. The amount of hydroxy[14C]proline that could be formed increased sharply between 26° and 30°C. This corresponded to the temperature interval in which the [14C]procollagen substrate was thermally denatured, and the results therefore indicate that only denatured molecules can be hydroxylated.
Amebiasis: Nutritional Implications

Studies on the role of nutrition in amebiasis in humans and experimental animals are meager. Some reports suggest that malnutrition of the host increases the incidence of infection and potentiates the severity of the disease. Others suggest that malnutrition protects the host against invasion. A few reports indicate that dietary regimens can alleviate symptoms and even eradicate the parasite. Others doubt a correlation between diet and rate of infection or disease manifestations. The problem is complex because the ameba is influenced by its own diet, which in turn depends on the host's diet, the bacterial flora of the gut, and coexisting infections. The host is variously altered by dietary depletions and supplementations, which affect susceptibility and resistance, and by the presence of other disease conditions. Carefully designed and executed studies of infections in humans and experimental animals, combined with studies in vitro of the nutritional requirements and physiology of the parasite, are needed for definition of the influence of host nutrition in amebiasis.
Hamlet and the Pirates: A Critical Reconsideration

HE notion that Hamlet's rescue at sea by the pirates was not accidental has effectively been dismissed by critics ever since W. W. Lawrence deemed it "an absurd idea" on which "little time need be wasted."' Ever since I944, commentators on Hamlet have perpetuated the view that Shakespeare uses the intervention of the pirates as a deus-ex-machina device or, in Christian terms, as a providential event to bring about Hamlet's return to Denmark and prepare for his ultimate confrontation with Claudius. Thus, to cite one example, H. D. F. Kitto, in his famous essay on "Providence in Hamlet," characterizes the appearance of the pirate ship as a "lucky chance" in which, as in Hamlet's possession of his father's signet, "Heaven was ordinant."2 I would like to suggest that a close reading of the text will not permit this interpretation and that, indeed, the intervention of the pirates has been carefully prepared for by Shakespeare as part of the subterranean (and offstage) counterplotting by Hamlet which transpired during the course of Act III. In making this argument, I wish to emphasize the thematic importance of Hamlet's own role in effecting his rescue. It is at this point in the action that Hamlet commits himself irrevocably to premeditated bloodshed and vengeance. His plot to insure the murder of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern is not just another rash act such as the killing of Polonius. In fact, this plot is Hamlet's most heinous offense, nothing short of cold and calculated murder. And it is this offense that eventually leads Hamlet to a new self-knowledge and to the inevitable tragic catastrophe.
( p , t ) Population of 0 + States in Dy 1 5 8 , 1 6 0 , 1 6 2 and Er 1 6 4 , 1 6 6

The ($p, t$) reaction has been studied on targets of ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{160,162,164}$ and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{166,168}$ at a proton energy of 17.5 MeV. Excited ${0}^{+}$ states have been strongly populated in ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{158}$ (${E}_{x}=0.991$ MeV, $\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.09{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$), ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{160}$ (${E}_{x}=1.275$ MeV, $\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.16{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$), ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{162}$ (${E}_{x}=1.670$ MeV, $\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.13{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$), and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{164}$ (${E}_{x}=1.248$ MeV, $\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.07{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$). Excited ${0}^{+}$ states in ${\mathrm{Er}}^{166}$ are much more weakly populated (${E}_{x}=1.460 \mathrm{and} 2.187$ MeV, $\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.02{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$). This result, along with similar studies of Gd and Yb nuclei, indicates that an excited ${0}^{+}$ state retains two-neutron-transfer coherence through the mass region between $N=88$ (end of shape-transition region) and $N=96$. Residual nuclei with 98 neutrons have not exhibited a strong ($p, t$) population of an excited ${0}^{+}$ state.
Examining the place of music in western eco-cosmology, with implications for electroacoustic musical practice

This article addresses the place of music in the Western worldview, arguing for a greater appreciation of music in a modern eco-cosmology which embraces environmental priorities as central to human prosperity, while contextualising defensible connections between music, sound and environment potentially useful for electroacoustic musical practice. Precise analytical terminology is established, and the methodology of environmental history is used to assess Western understandings about the role and place of music. Origins and ideas regarding immersive space, emotive power and the development of dualistic 'nature-culture' schemas are explored. Impacts of key developments in twentieth-century technology and environmental thought are examined as they relate to electroacoustic research. Biomusicology is reviewed for insights into innate musical structures and possibilities, and a recent linguistic study is analysed from a musical perspective to advance a cross-disciplinary argument: music may represent a form of mitigational behaviour used to balance the evolutionary tradeoff that enabled modern language. This argument suggests that if music in itself represents an environment critical for human mental health, then the contribution of electroacoustic music is vital for fresh eco-critical debate and awareness, and that an increased musical practice, especially in participatory contexts, may be essential for the human project.
Determination of antimony(Sb) in air in a workplace by AFS

Objective:To establish a method for determination of Antimony(Sb) in air in a workplace by AFS.Methods:The parameters in this method were optimized by experimenting.Results:The detection limit of this method was 0.03 μg/L,the limit quantification 2.0×10-5 mg/m3,their digestion rate 100.5%~101.8%,the RSD 1.4%,and the correlation coefficients 0.9997.Conclusion:The operation of this method is simple and quick.The method can be applied for the determination of workplace air.
Fat Decisions: Leptin Regulates Bone versus Fat in the Marrow.

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone involved in energy sensing. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Yue et al. (2016) show that leptin is a physiologic signal that acts directly on Leptin-Receptor-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells in adult bone marrow to influence their lineage allocation in vivo, inhibiting bone formation and inducing marrow adipogenesis.
Antidepressant Use and Subclinical Measures of Atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

BackgroundAntidepressants are commonly prescribed medications used in primary care. The cardiovascular safety profile of antidepressant medications, in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, is underexamined.MethodsA total of 6814 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were examine
The Analytics of Real-Time Gross-Settlement Systems

A payment (or settlement) system can be seen as representing an example of a broad class of so-called ‘systems of flow’. A system of flow (payment system) is one in which a commodity (money) is transferred through one or more finite-capacity channels (the payment processing mechanism) in order to go from one point (payment system participant) to another. If the amount of payments and the time at which they arrive were exactly known and constant, the flow of payments would proceed in a predictable, reliable, smooth and trivial fashion provided that the mean capacity of the system, that is, the liquid funds available in the system, exceed the average payment flow requirement. Inevitably, real-world payment systems are stochastic as the amount and the arrival of payment orders are unpredictable.
Abstract 1955: IKKε maintains MEK activation and suppresses non-canonical NF-κB signaling in triple-negative breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Metastatic breast cancer carries a poor prognosis despite the success of newly targeted therapies. Treatment options remain especially limited for the subtype of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Several signaling pathways, including NF-κB, are altered in TNBC, and the complexity of this disease implies multifaceted pathway interactions and compensatory signaling. We hypothesized that a subset of TNBCs expresses IKKe to promote a specific NF-κB signaling program that can enhance metastatic potential. Our data suggest that IKKe supports MEK activation and suppresses non-canonical signaling by the p52 NF-κB transcription factor. We found that NF-κB p52 expression is inversely proportional to activated MEK. We further demonstrate that IKKe and MEK cooperate to support viability and invasion potential under adherent conditions, whereas the p52 transcription factor supports viability under non-adherent conditions, underscoring the contrasting roles of these proteins. This study illustrates the diverse roles of NF-κB signaling components in TNBC, and highlights the adaptability of NF-κB in maintaining cancer cell survival under different microenvironments. A better understanding of the diversity of NF-κB signaling may ultimately improve the development of novel therapeutic regimens for TNBC. Citation Format: Carrie House, Valentina Grajales, Helmae Wubneh, Danielle Kimble, Marianne Kim, Christina Annunziata. IKKe maintains MEK activation and suppresses non-canonical NF-κB signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1955. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1955
Semi self-training beard/moustache detection and segmentation simultaneously

This paper presents a robust, fully automatic and semi self-training system to detect and segment facial beard/moustache simultaneously in challenging facial images. Based on the observation that some certain facial areas, e.g. cheeks, do not typically contain any facial hair whereas the others, e.g. brows, often contain facial hair, a self-trained model is first built using a testing image itself. To overcome the limitation of that facial hairs in brows regions and beard/moustache regions are different in length, density, color, etc., a pre-trained model is also constructed using training data. The pre-trained model is only pursued when the self-trained model produces low confident classification results. In the proposed system, we employ the superpixel together a combination of two classifiers, i.e. Random Ferns (rFerns) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to obtain good classification performance as well as improve time efficiency. A feature vector, consisting of Histogram of Gabor (HoG) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient of Gabor (HOGG) at different directions and frequencies, is generated from both the bounding box of the superpixel and the super pixel foreground. The segmentation result is then refined by our proposed aggregately searching strategy in order to deal with inaccurate landmarking points. Experimental results have demonstrated the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed system. It is evaluated in images drawn from three entire databases i.e. the Multiple Biometric Grand Challenge (MBGC) still face database, the NIST color Facial Recognition Technology FERET database and a large subset from Pinellas County database. Detect and segment beard/moustache simultaneouslyUse advantages of both pre-trained model and self-trained modelWork on superpixelPropose an aggregate searching strategy to overcome the limits of landmarkerPropose a new feature that is able to emphasize high frequency information of facial hair
Doing More with Less: Diagnostic Accuracy of CT in Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cauda equina syndrome typically requires emergent MR imaging to detect compressive lesions on the cauda equina, which may require surgical decompression. While CT is sometimes performed as a complementary imaging technique to evaluate osseous integrity in patients with cauda equina syndrome, the accuracy of CT in detecting significant spinal stenosis and cauda equina impingement is not well-defined in the literature. We hypothesized that percentage thecal sac effacement on CT of the lumbar spine would have high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in evaluating significant spinal stenosis and cauda equina impingement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed imaging studies for 151 consecutive patients with clinically suspected cauda equina syndrome. The percentage thecal sac effacement ( RESULTS: Forty of 151 patients had a percentage thecal sac effacement of ≥50% on MR imaging. Nineteen of 40 had cauda equina impingement. Readers determined that there was a CT percentage thecal sac effacement of CONCLUSIONS: CT percentage thecal sac effacement of ≥50% predicts significant spinal stenosis on MR imaging in patients with clinically suspected cauda equina syndrome. CT percentage thecal sac effacement of
Data-Based Program Modification: A Continuous Evaluation System with Computer Software to Facilitate Implementation:

This paper provides a rationale for and describes a continuous evaluation system, data-based program modification (DBPM), which has demonstrated technical adequacy, logistical feasibility, and inst...
Using Nature of Science to Mitigate Tension in Teaching Evolution

The theory of evolution is a central component of biology. Yet, a 2014 Gallup survey revealed that 42% of Americans reject evolution entirely and, instead, believe that humans were created in their present form approximately 10,000 years ago. While there are many reasons that people reject the theory of evolution, we argue that a misunderstanding of nature of science (NOS) and science in general plays a big part. In this chapter, two science educators present their experiences with evolution in the South. The first section, written by Ian Binns, focuses on how the controversy over evolution education in the South informed how he teaches his science methods courses. The second section, written by Mark Bloom, describes how he incorporates NOS into his teaching when addressing evolution in conservative classrooms in the South to successfully mitigate the tension that many students experience.
Die Beeinflussung der Jugend durch den nationalsozialistischen Sprachstil

Every regime uses certain ways in order to spread its ideology. One channel to win people over for an organization is propaganda–an instrument which is aimed primarily at emotions and not at reason. Propaganda combined with music influences people’s perception of the world even more because their emotions are addressed in two ways. The ›Third Reich‹ practiced this method especially with the help of the Hitler Youth’s song repertoire. Singing songs contributed to the political alignment of the citizens. This paper will demonstrate the emotionally persuasive character of the language in selected songs. The songbook Junge Gefolgschaft will be used as a basis for the analysis. Linguistic theories that will help to support the analysis will come from Klaus Brinker and Christian Braun. With their help, this paper will show that the lyrics of these songs had a persuasive impact on the recipients in order to influence them deliberately to support a national socialist world view.
Factors Influencing Helmet Use, Head Injury, and Hospitalization Among Children Involved in Skateboarding and Snowboarding Accidents.

Context Up to 75% of skateboarders and snowboarders admitted to the hospital sustain head injuries. It is unclear why not all children and teenagers wear helmets while snowboarding and skateboarding given the protection they afford. Objectives To report on the prevalence of, and factors associated with, skateboarding and snowboarding in injured children and to explore factors that influence helmet use, head injury, and hospitalization in this sample. Design A cross-sectional study of skateboard- and snowboard-associated injuries from 2003 to 2012 among individuals younger than age 18 years using National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data from approximately 100 hospitals. Main outcome measures Helmet use, head injury, and hospitalization. Results Of 1742 patients in the study, 852 (48.9%) and 890 (51.1%) were skateboarders and snowboarders, respectively. Overall, 907 (52.1%) did not use helmets, and 704 (40.4%) sustained head injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, race/ethnicity, location of boarding, and engaging in skateboarding influenced helmet use. Sex, race/ethnicity, helmet use, and skateboarding predicted head injury. Age, sex, skateboarding, and head injury predicted hospital admission. Conclusion Statistically significant differences exist in helmet use, head injury, and hospitalization rates between skateboarders and snowboarders. Our findings suggest that injury prevention and outreach programs are needed to increase helmet use and reduce the risk of head injury and hospitalization in skateboarders and other at-risk groups. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between race/ethnicity and helmet use among skateboarders and snowboarders.
A procedure for the determination of proteolytic activity.

The difficulties introduced by the desire to maintain a constant pH during an enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of peptide-like substrates and at the same time to determine the extent of hydrolysis by an acid-base titration have been pointed out (1), but to date no completely satisfactory solution of the problem has been given. With those enzymes whose pH optima lie in the region between pH 7.5 to 8.5, e.g. trypsin and chymotrypsin, the poor buffering capacity of phosphate in this region prompted us, as it has others (2-5), to consider the use of organic amines whose pK’alpha values were near to or identical with the pH optimum of the enzyme being used. In the course of such studies it soon became evident that coincidental use of a suitable primary or secondary amine buffer system and a formol titration (1) would insure adequate buffering capacity with low buffer concentration during the hydrolysis and at the same time permit the final acid-base titration to be conducted under nearly ideal conditions. In this communication we shall limit the discussion to results obtained with chymotrypsin and specific acylated-a-amino acid amide substrates, since the application of the general method to other proteolytic enzymes and other types of substrates will be obvious.
Introducing Nash Equilibria via an Online Casual Game That People Actually Play

This is an extended write-up of a lecture introducing the concept of Nash equilibrium in the context of an auction-type game that one can observe being played by “ordinary people” in real time. In ...