cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of word length on anagram solution time

Ten Ss were presented with 80 anagrams, which varied in length from three to 10 letters. The cumulative distribution of solution times for each number of letters was fitted by the equation for an hyperbola. This equation had two empirical constants: L, the limiting percentage of solutions, which was approached asymptotically with increasing time; and R, a constant inversely related to the rate at which the limit was approached. In general, both the limit and the rate of approach decreased as anagram length increased. The time required to solve a given percentage of anagrams increased with anagram length, but the increase in solution time did not keep pace with the progressively larger increments in the number of different letter arrangements made possible by each additional letter. In fact, the increment in solution time produced by each additional letter became smaller when anagram length exceeded six letters. Two properties of the English language may have facilitated solution of the longer anagrams: the occurrence of familiar suffixes in words longer than six letters, and the decreasing number of words of a given length above six or seven letters.
The Gift That Stops Giving: HÉLÈNe Cixous's "Gift" and the Shunammite Woman

2 Kgs 4:8-37 tells of a relationship between a nameless "Shunammite woman" and the prophet Elisha. This relationship revolves around a series of gift exchanges between these two figures-most notably they are exchanges centered around the sexually-charged space of a bed. However, the two figures "give" out of different economies. French writer Helene Cixous has discussed the sexual difference involved with economies of giving and has coined the two interlapping and interfering spaces of the feminine Realm of the Gift and the masculine Realm of the Proper. This essay reads the biblical text through Cixous's economies and results in an interpretation that displays power differentials which have gone almost entirely unnoticed by biblical commentators. By reading the feminine Realm of the Gift alongside the masculine Realm of the Proper, a conflict of power is revealed between the Shunammite woman and the prophet, with the inevitable overtaking of the feminine Realm by the masculine Realm. Yet, by going further with Cixous's thought, this essay demonstrates that the story may be read in a way that escapes such a takeover.
Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene part I: The hydroxyl radical and ground state atomic oxygen reactions

The OH reaction with isoprene is studied. Methyl nitrite photolysis experiments were carried out in an outdoor smog chamber in an attempt to identify as completely as possible OH-isoprene product distribution. Emphasis was placed on identification and quantification of oxygenated products. A Tenax-based cryo-trap thermal desorber used to trap, concentrate, and dry chamber samples for identification on a GC/MS is described. Analysis of the products revealed that O(^3P) can form in reaction systems designed to study OH reactions that include high concentrations of NO, and consequently NO_2, hence, this reaction is also examined. The yields of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone are determined as 25 ± 3 and 35.5 ± 4%, respectively, with an additional 4 ± 2% as 3-methyl furan, totaling 65 ± 4%. These results, combined with those of previous studies allow 80% of isoprene's products to be explicitly identified, and the general structure of the remaining products to be ascertained. The O(^3P) reaction produces 84 ± 8% epoxides, and 8 ± 3% species which result in production of HO_2, and subsequently, OH. A heretofore unidentified product of the O(^3P) reaction, 2-methyl 2-butenal, is identified. The rate constant of the NO_2-isoprene reaction is measured.
Development of an operational algorithm for removing atmospheric effects from HYDICE and HSI data

Spectral imaging data have been acquired with the Navy HYDICE (the hyperspectral digital imagery collection experiment) instrument from an aircraft. Similar data will soon be collected with the NASA HSI instrument from the Lewis spacecraft. The majority of users of imaging spectrometer data are interested in studying surface properties. Therefore, atmospheric absorption and scattering effects must be removed from imaging spectrometer data, so that surface reflectance spectra can be derived. Previously, an operational atmosphere removal algorithm, which used the 5S code for modeling the atmospheric scattering effects and the Malkmus narrow band model for modeling atmospheric gaseous transmittances, was specifically designed for deriving surface reflectances from spectral imaging data collected by the NASA JPL airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). We have recently updated this algorithm by replacing the 5S code, which requires that the sensor be at the top of the atmosphere, with the 6S code, which accommodates sensors at any altitudes. The updated algorithm allows processing of imaging spectrometer data acquired from low- and high-altitude aircraft platforms, and from satellite platforms. We are currently developing another algorithm that uses a line-by line code to calculate atmospheric gaseous transmittances for processing imaging spectrometer data with spectral resolution between approximately 0.5 and 10 nm.
Sequential injection separation system with stopped-flow radiometric detection for automated analysis of (99)tc in nuclear waste.

An automated procedure for the determination of 99 Tc in aged nuclear waste has been developed. Using advanced sequential injection (SI) analysis instrumentation, 99 Tc(VII) is separated from radioactive and stable interferences using a TEVA resin column that selectively retains pertechnetate ion from dilute nitric acid solutions. The separated 99 Tc is eluted with 6 M nitric acid and quantified on-line with a flow-through liquid scintillation detector. A stopped-flow technique has been optimized that improves the analysis precision and detection limit compared to continuous-flow detection, reduces consumption of liquid scintillation cocktail, and increases sample throughput by separating the next sample while the present sample is being counted. The detection limit is 30 pCi, or 2 ng, of 99 Tc, using a 15-min stopped-flow period. The analysis time is 40 min for the first sample and is reduced to 20 min for each subsequent sample. Processed nuclear waste samples from the Hanford site were successfully analyzed by this new method.
The Interpretation of Space-Time Spectral Quantities

Abstract The frequency averaging implicit in the calculation of space-time spectra complicates the interpretation of eastward and westward variance and covariance components. One-sided (in frequency) space-time spectral definitions are proposed in an effort to avoid some of the ambiguities of such two-sided spectra, and better define the role of standing and zonally propagating fluctuations. Problems are discussed which affect both one- and two-sided spectra, especially for the mid-latitude planetary scales.
Web-Based Mechanism Design and Analysis

We have developed a Ch Mechanism Toolkit for analysis and design of mechanisms. It was developed using Ch, an embeddable C/C++ interpreter with extensions. The Ch Mechanism Toolkit allows users to write simple programs for solving complicated planar mechanism problems. As an extension to the toolkit, a Web-based system was created for performing mechanism design and analysis through the internet. This paper will discuss the design and implementation of the Ch Mechanism Toolkit as well as its corresponding web-based system. The web-based mechanism system is especially suitable for distance learning. The web-based system for mechanism design and analysis is available on the Web at http://www.softintegration/webservices/mechanism/.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Brain-computer interface targeting non-motor functions after spinal cord injury: a case report.

This is a case report. The objective of this study was to report on a brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigm that is successfully used with an inpatient spinal cord injury patient. This study was conducted in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital. A 25-year-old man with a C5 burst fracture and subsequent tetraplegia (The American Spinal Injury Association) participated in this case study. He completed a brief battery of psychological, pain, cognitive and other screening measures at points before and after the BCI paradigm during his rehabilitation hospitalization. The paradigm was easily learned and well tolerated with no adverse effects. This case is reflective of the trends in our ongoing feasibility study evaluating BCI technology in the inpatient rehabilitation setting. Clinical implications and challenges of using this technology in a busy hospital unit are reviewed.
Dark alliance: news repair and institutional authority in the age of the Internet

In August 1996, a regional newspaper, the San Jose (CA) Mercury News unveiled the results of its year-long investigation into links between the spread of crack cocaine in the U.S. and fundraising for the CIA-backed contra rebels in Central America. ‘Dark Alliance: The Story Behind the Crack Explosion’ was the first investigative report to achieve national prominence primarily via Internet dissemination. Investigations by three of the country's largest dailies, rather than advancing the Mercury's claims, turned into a sustained and damaging critique. Commentators have characterized this sharp scrutiny of a respected regional paper as everything from a defense of journalistic standards to damage control for the CIA. Nearly all, however, have ignored the larger critique of the Internet as a medium of news distribution that emerged in the follow-up coverage. This study examines the controversy as a case of news repair, ad defined by Bennett, Gressett, and Haltom (1985), noting what the case reveals about the operation of news repair itself in an era of Internet-based news delivery. The repair of ‘Dark Alliance’ affirmed a paradigmatic understanding of what is and is not news. More broadly, it defended the authority of established broadsheets over the news media and affirmed the traditional hierarchy of national over regional newspapers. This paper argues that the Internet's role in the publication of this controversial expose created both need and opportunity for repair of institutional boundaries - those violated by the Mercury's use of the new medium and a more general erosion in the ongoing migration of news to the Internet.
Copepod parasites of deep-sea benthic fishes from the western North Atlantic

Nine species of parasitic copepods are reported, with 3 of them being new to science. They are: (1) Chondracanthodes deflexus Wilson from Antimora rostrata Gunther, Coryphaenoides (Chalinura) brevibarbis (Goode and Bean), Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus (Hector), Coryphaenoides (Chalinura) leptolepis (Gunther), and Coryphaenoides (Lionurus) carapinus (Goode and Bean); (2) Chondracanthodes radiatus (Muller) from Macrourus berglax Lacepede; (3) Lernaeopodina pectinata sp.nov. from Alepocephalus agassizi (Goode and Bean); (4) Neobrachiella pinguis (Wilson) from Antimora rostrata Gunther; (5) Clavella adunca (Strom) from Macrourus berglax Lacepede; (6) Sphyrion lumpi (Kroyer) from Antimora rostrata Gunther; (7) Lophoura gracilis Wilson from Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson; (8) Lophoura pentaloba sp.nov. from Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus (Hector) and Nezumia bairdii (Goode and Bean) and (9) Lophoura tetraphylla sp.nov. from Antimora rostrata Gunther. The infected fishes were collected with trawls from depths of 828 to 4815 m in the New York Bight and 403 to 1294 m near the Grand Banks (south of Newfoundland).
SERVICE NEEDS AND MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURES

The difficulties involved in assessing the meaning of municipal expenditures are examined in view of the fact that dependency upon municipal services varies among and within jurisdictions. A cross-sectional analysis of spending in the five largest cities in Connecticut illustrates how considerations of human needs can affect the interpretation of spending (although they do not alter legal obligations or the financial reality of fiscal conditions). The possibilities and limitations associated with this approach to municipal expenditures are conveyed in terms of questions of public policy.
Thin-layer chromatographic separation of DNS-amino acids.

Abstract A technique is described for separation of DNS-amino acids on thin layers of silica gel G. Relative separations of 22 amino acid derivatives in 4 solvent systems are presented. Applicability of the separation technique to studies of amino acid sequence is illustrated with data obtained for degradation of a tripeptide.
Design of BS transceiver for IEEE 802.16E OFDMA mode

Wordwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), or the IEEE 802.16d/e standard, is a technology for broadband wireless access (BWA) with significant market potential. In this paper, we propose a base station (BS) physical layer (PHY) transceiver solution for WiMAX orthogonal- frequency division-multiplexing access (OFDMA) mode. Our aim is to provide a single chip solution for baseband processing of WiMAX PHY. The data throughput should achieve 20 Mbps both for uplink and downlink. The solution is implemented on cell broadband engine, which is a multicore processor jointly developed by IBM, SONY and Toshiba for high performance computing(HPC). Algorithms for symbol timing offset, carrier frequency offset, channel estimation and space-frequency block code (SFBC) are embedded in this transceiver. Simulation and real test on Cell show that the proposed solution can fulfill the bit-error-rate (BER) requirements under most situations.
Cerebral and tissue oximetry

The use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly adopted in cardiac surgery to measure regional cerebral oxygen saturation. This method takes advantage of the fact that light in the near-infrared spectrum penetrates tissue, including bone and muscle. Sensors are placed at fixed distances from a light emitter, and algorithms subtract superficial light absorption from deep absorption to provide an index of tissue oxygenation. Although the popularity of NIRS monitoring is growing, definitive data that prove outcome benefits with its use remain sparse. Therefore, widespread, routine use of NIRS as a standard-of-care monitor cannot be recommended at present. Recent investigations have focused on the use of NIRS in subgroups that may benefit from NIRS monitoring, such as pediatric patients. Furthermore, a novel application of processed NIRS information for monitoring cerebral autoregulation and tissue oxygenation (e.g., kidneys and the gut) is promising.
Fractures of the radius and ulna in a skeletally immature fin whale.

A naturally-occurring fracture of the distal radius and ulna in a skeletally immature fin-whale, Balaenoptera physalus, appeared to be failing to heal. When compared to the response to fracture in the skeletally immature human and to other terrestrial mammals, this animal did not show any endosteal and only minimal subperiosteal callus, even though the fractures appeared to be several weeks, if not months old. This suggests that the larger ceteceans may not be able to respond appropriately to skeletal injury in the major structural units of the flipper.
"All my saints are within me": expressions of end-of-life spirituality.

Objective:With spirituality being one of the most important components of end-of-life (EOL) care, this study explored the oral responses of 44 dying persons who expressed spirituality.Method:Four identified spiritual themes: religious systems of beliefs and values, life meaning, purpose and connections with others, nonreligious systems of beliefs and values, and metaphysical or transcendental phenomena served as a framework for a content analysis of 91 spiritual references.Results:From the content analysis, eight interrelated and separate themes emerged. Although the highest number of responses centered on religious beliefs and values, nonreligious beliefs and values that included reason, dignity, mental discipline, and communion were expressed. The themes of life meaning, purpose, and connections with others also surfaced as important aspects of EOL spirituality.Significance of results:The findings support the need for hospice/palliative care professionals to approach spirituality from other than a Judeo-Christian viewpoint, help dying persons create meaning and purpose within the context of their lives, and assist them in their desire for connectedness to faith communities and other significant individuals in their lives.
An Attractive Little House

When I first came to Ann Arbor as a new graduate student in the fall of 1959, Edith was already on the staff. She was engaged in her fundamental work on the abundances of elements in the sun together with Goldberg and Aller. In another time, she would have been a junior faculty member, but in that era women were generally not offered such positions. The wide respect that she received in the broader astronomical community was nonetheless clear to the students, as many world renowned astronomers came to the campus specifically to visit and confer with Edith. On these occasions, she often hosted wonderful parties at her attractive little house. In the easy atmosphere, we had a chance to meet and talk with many of the astronomical “greats”. An amusing sidelight is that we noticed the invitations were sometimes staggered in arrival time. At first we thought this was because of the large group in such a small house, but later we discovered she wanted to ensure that everyone had a chance to enjoy some of the delicious food she had prepared, so those people who tended to stand by the hors d’oeuvre table and eat everything in sight were invited slightly later.
Seepage response along an alluvial valley in a semi-arid catchment in north-central California

Over a period of 12 months, soil moisture content and potential was monitored in an annual-grass-dominated 20 ha catchment in order to determine flow paths leading to exfiltration at the catchment outlet. Water was found to enter the catchment valley either through flow originating in the slopes or through surface infiltration during rainfall events. Although subsurface flow from the slopes to the catchment outlet occurred throughout the year, surface recharge was restricted to a few events during the wet season. In the deeper saturated profile of the valley, flow was directed upwards along the valley edges and gradually became horizontal towards the central axis of the valley. During the peak of the rainfall season, horizontal flow close to the catchment outlet intercepted the gradually sloping surface, resulting in exfiltration. Plants influenced the hydrology of the catchment by removing moisture from the root zone during spring and early summer, resulting in evapotranspiration losses from the vadose zone. Heterogeneities within the valley soil were evident as variable-permeability layers that resulted in a seasonally confined water table within the valley. This investigation shows that the vadose zone plays an important role in redistributing surface recharge and emphasizes the importance of accounting for effective moisture in low-yielding catchments with ephemeral surface runoff. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential negative effects of earthworm prey on damage to turfgrass by omnivorous mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

The severity of damage to host plants by omnivorous pests can vary according to the availability of plant and animal prey. Two omnivorous mole crickets, Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder and S. borellii Giglio-Tos, were used to determine if the availability of prey influences damage to hybrid bermudagrass by adult mole crickets. Experiments were conducted in arenas with either grass alone (control), grass plus one mole cricket, grass plus earthworms (Eisenia fetida Savigny), or grass with earthworms and a mole cricket. Root growth variables (e.g., volume, dry weight) after 4 wk and weekly measurements of top growth were compared among the treatments. Surprisingly, bermudagrass infested with either mole cricket species caused no significant reduction in root growth and a minimal reduction on top growth with S. vicinus compared with controls. Survival of earthworms with S. borellii was significantly lower than survival in the earthworm-only treatment suggesting predation. Survival of earthworms with S. vicinus, however, was not different from the earthworm-only treatment. The addition of earthworm prey with mole crickets did not significantly impact bermudagrass root or shoot growth relative to grass with only mole crickets. Despite no negative impacts from earthworms or mole crickets separately, earthworms plus mole crickets negatively impact several root parameters (e.g., length) suggesting an interaction between these two soil-dwelling invertebrates. Increased use of more target-selective insecticides in turfgrass may increase available prey. This work suggests that alternative prey, when present, may result in a negative impact on turfgrass roots from foraging omnivorous mole crickets.
Power scaling of a flashlamp-pumped Cr:LiSAF thin-slab zig-zag laser

We report on the power scaling of a flashlamp-pumped Cr:LiSrAlF/sub 6/ thin-slab zig-zag laser operating at repetition rates up to 5 Hz. Average output power of 44 W with pulse energies of 8.8 J was achieved operating with a stable cavity. Excellent medium control was also obtained during this operation. Also demonstrated at 5 Hz was operation at energies /spl sim/ 0.5 J in Q-switched mode with unstable optics and bandwidth control, beam quality < 1.5 XDL, bandwidth /spl sim/ 1 GHz, and root-mean-square beam jitter of less than half of a diffraction limited far-field spot radius.
Protein synthesis in a subcellular system from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

1. The thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus, has been used to develop a subcellular protein-synthesizing system which is active in the temperature range from 30° to 70°. 2. When directed by native messenger RNA's, the optimal temperature for the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine, lysine, and proline was 55–60°. 3. Assays of thermophile phenylalanine and leucine-activating enzymes established a temperature optimum of 55–65°. 4. Heat denaturation profiles of purified thermophile soluble RNA were not significantly different from those obtained with Escherichia coli soluble RNA. 5. Polyuridylic acid (poly-U)-directed phenylalanine incorporation was greater at 37° than at 65° when tested at 0.01 M Mg2+, but at 0.018 M Mg2+ the 65° reaction was favored. 6. The ability of poly-U to code for leucine was favored by both low temperature and high Mg2+ concentration. 7. When tested at 0.01 M Mg2+, polyadenylic acid (poly-A) stimulated more lysine incorporation at 65° than at 37°, presumably because a loss of its secondary structure enhances ribosomal attachment. 8. Coding studies with mixtures of poly-A and poly-U suggested the formation of a triple-stranded complex, poly-(A+U+U).
Wavelet transform-based prestack multiscale Kirchhoff migration

We propose a Kirchhoff-style algorithm that migrates coefficients obtained by wavelet decomposition of seismic traces over time. Wavelet-based prestack multiscale Kirchhoff migration involves four steps: wavelet decomposition of the seismic data, thresholding of the resulting wavelet coefficients, multiscale Kirchhoff migration, and image reconstruction from the multiscale images. The migration procedure applied to each wavelet scale is the same as conventional Kirchhoff migration but operates on wavelet coefficients. Since only the wavelet coefficients are migrated, the cost of wavelet-based migration is reduced compared to that of conventional Kirchhoff migration. Kirchhoff migration of wavelet-decomposed data, followed by wavelet reconstruction, is kinematically equivalent to and yields similar migrated signal shapes and amplitudes as conventional Kirchhoff migration when data at all wavelet scales are included. The decimation in the conventional discrete pyramid wavelet decomposition introduces a translation-variant phase distortion in the wavelet domain. This phase distortion is overcome by using a stationary wavelet transform rather than the conventional discrete wavelet transform of the data to be migrated. A wavelet reconstruction operator produces a single composite broadband migrated space-domain image from multiscale images. Multiscale images correspond to responses in different frequency windows, and migrating the data at each scale has a different cost. Migrating some, or only one, of the individual scale data sets considerably reduces the computational cost of the migration. Successful 2D tests are shown for migrations of synthetic data for a point-diffractor model, a multilayer model, and the Marmousi model.
Application of Interferometry and Faraday Rotation Techniques for Density Measurements on ITER

There is a need for real time, reliable density measurement for tokamak plasma density control, compatible with the restricted access and radiation environment on ITER. Line average density measurements using microwave or laser interferometry techniques have proven to be robust and reliable for density control on contemporary tokamaks. In ITER, the large path length, high density and high density gradients, limit the wavelength of a probing beam to shorter then about 50 µm due to refraction effects. In this paper we consider the design of short wavelength vibration compensated interferometers and Faraday rotation techniques for density measurements on ITER. These techniques allow operation of the diagnostics without a prohibitively large vibration isolated structure and permit the optics to be mounted directly on the radial port plugs on ITER. A beam path designed for 10.6 µm (CO2 laser) with a tangential path through the plasma allows both an interferometer and a Faraday rotation measurement of the line average density with good density resolution while avoiding refraction problems. Plasma effects on the probing beams and design tradeoffs will be discussed along with radiation and long pulse issues. A proposed layout of the diagnostic for ITER will be presented.
2013 Update on Current Vaccination Strategies in Puppies and Kittens

Vaccines remain one of the practitioner's greatest tools in preventing disease and maintaining individual and population health. This article is an update to "Current Vaccination Strategies in Puppies and Kittens" published in Veterinary Clinics of North America, Small Animal Practitioner, in May 2006. There are now comprehensive guidelines readily available for small animal practitioners regarding canine and feline pediatric (and adult) vaccination recommendations. Perhaps more importantly, there is an increased dialogue regarding all aspects of preventive medicine, of which vaccination is only a small, yet significant portion; and an increased drive to provide scientific evidence for developing vaccination recommendations.
Small Farms and Sustainable Development: Is Small More Sustainable? Discussion

In their paper, “Small Farms and Sustainable Development: Is Small More Sustainable?” D’Souza and Ikerd examine the potential linkages between two streams of analysis—’’sustainable development” and “small farms.” This is a worthwhile objective, as there has been little effort to link the two together. This is—as the authors note—a surprising gap in the thinking about forces that might lead to long-term sustainability in agricultural production. The authors are right to bring the issue to our attention. As a member of the leading edge of the baby boom generation, I cannot resist the temptation to remind the audience that the authors seek an answer to an old question raised in a more general context by Schumacher in a 1973 “little black book” popular with early environmental activists, Small Is Beautiful. In the days around the time of the 1972 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the environmental gluttony of big business was widely criticized. In many cases, the criticisms were on target even if the most vocal critics—ranging from Jane Fonda to Abbie Hoffman—were hardly mainstream analysts or even politicians, Is “small” beautiful? The question is raised anew in the discussion of the characteristics of small farms and the sustainability of development, If the farm size structure continues on the path toward “industrialization;’ like the mega-hog operations in North Carolina that seem to be responsible for fouling some streams in parts of that state, will that mean that the resource base will be so neglected that long-term agricultural sustainability
A segmented thermometer coded DAC with deterministic dynamic element matching for high resolution ADC test

Dynamic element matching (DEM) is an effective way to achieve good average performance in the presence of device mismatch, yet it has not been widely adopted because of the time-local stationarity of the signal path. This paper presents a DEM approach to ADC testing in which low precision DEM DACs are used to generate stimulus signals for the ADCs under test. A deterministic DEM (DDEM) switching scheme is applied to a segmented thermometer coded DAC architecture. Detailed simulation results are presented to verify the expected performance of the proposed testing approach. The new approach is able to accurately test ADCs with linearity that exceeds that of the original DAC used as the signal generator. The new architecture is suitable for production test and built-in-self-test (BIST) environments where high linearity ADCs are difficult to test and characterize.
Control of prostate cell growth, DNA damage and repair and gene expression by resveratrol analogues, in vitro.

The chemopreventive potential of resveratrol is marred by its low bioavailability. Studies of modified resveratrol may reveal features that affect its bioefficacy and bioavailability. We compared the antiproliferative and gene regulatory activities of resveratrol with trimethoxy-resveratrol and triacetyl-resveratrol using cultured human prostate cancer (CaP) cells. LNCaP cells were incubated with resveratrol and its analogues. Changes in proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis and prostate specific antigen (PSA) PSA were determined. DNA damage was assayed by phosphorylated-histone H2AX changes. Expression of total and serine-15-phosphorylated p53 and p53-inducible cell cycle regulatory protein p21 and ribonucleotide reductase subunit p53R2 involved in DNA repair were measured by immunobloting and reverse transcription―polymerase chain reaction. Exposure to resveratrol or triacetyl-resveratrol activated p53, increased p21 and p53R2 and decreased PSA expression in LNCaP cells. These changes were attenuated by the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. However, LNCaP cells exposed to trimethoxy-resveratrol showed induction of apoptosis, reduction in G 1 and prolongation of the SG 2 M phases. Resveratrol and analogues were also studied in CWR22Rv1 (containing mutated p53) and p53-null PC-3 cells. CWR22Rv1 cells exposed to resveratrol and triacetyl-resveratrol showed a G I S block, concomitant with increased p53 and p21 expression; however, identically treated PC-3 cells showed attenuated progression through the SG 2 M phases. Trimethoxy-resveratrol did not affect CWR22Rv1 cell cycle but reduced and expanded PC-3 cells in the G 1 and SG 2 M phases, respectively. These results suggest that triacetyl-resveratrol and trimethoxy-resveratrol are active against different stage CaP cells, using overlapping and distinct mechanisms.
An IEEE standards-based visualization tool for knowledge discovery in maintenance event sequences

This paper described the initial and ongoing development of a tool that facilitates improved knowledge discovery within maintenance data by transforming data records into ontology-based event graphs and providing several filterable visualizations of event sequences through time. We accomplish several major preprocessing objectives, such as records-to-ontology event mapping and the resolution of date conflicts in the aggregated records of events.
The History and Future of Low Vision Services in the United States.

This article discusses the history of low vision services in the United States. The field began to gain momentum as the term low vision was conceptualized and coined, and this momentum is rapidly increasing with changes in the demographics of visual impairment.
Reply to van Hoorn: Pitfalls of narrow interpretations of significance.

van Hoorn (1) argues that the conclusions reached in my report (2) are unwarranted because of pitfalls associated with (i) effect sizes, (ii) effect duration, and (iii) subject selection. None of these concerns should properly be labeled as pitfalls.
LABORATORY TRANSMISSION OF ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS BY THREE GENERA OF MOSQUITOES.

1. St. Louis virus has been successfully transmitted in the laboratory by the following 9 species of mosquitoes from 3 genera: Culex tarsalis, Culex pipiens, Culex coronator, Aedes lateralis, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Aedes vexans, Aedes nigromaculis, Theobaldia incidens, and Theobaldia inornata. 2. Though transmission has not been demonstrated, survival of the virus for more than a few days was shown to occur in Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex stigmatosoma, Psorophora ciliata, and Anopheles maculipennis freeborni. 3. In experiments with Culex tarsalis, infection occurred from feeding on chickens and ducks which had been previously inoculated by the subcutaneous route. After an incubation period these mosquitoes infected other chickens and virus was in turn demonstrated in the blood of these. This is interpreted as proof that fowl may serve as reservoirs of virus in nature. Since mosquitoes have been repeatedly found naturally infected with St. Louis virus and epidemiologic evidence supports their incrimination, their role as vectors is now established. The fully incriminated species is Culex tarsalis.
Alkyllithium-Initiated Polymerization of Trans-1,3,5-Hexatriene and Copolymerization with Styrene

Abstract The results reported herein established the complexity of the alkyllithium-initiated anionic homopolymerization, styrene copolymerization and styrene block copolymerization of 1,3,5-hexatriene in comparison to the controlled, predictable behavior observed with dienes. As a result of 1,6- and 1,2-enchainment, conjugated diene units are formed along the polymer backbone which can react with the living carbanionic centers to produce branched polymers as indicated in Equation (1). The general effect of solvent on microstructure, as indicated by infrared spectral analyses, is analogous to that of dienes in that 1,2-addition is increased in polar versus hydrocarbon solvents. The observation of branching reactions suggests that conjugated trienes may be useful as branching agents for copolymerizations or linking reactions analogous to the behavior of divinylbenzenes.
Paradoxical Interventions in Counseling Psychology

This article discusses the use of paradoxical interventions in counseling psychology and surveys the research literature to date. After a description of the historical background of paradoxical interventions, current schools of therapy using paradox are presented, including the psychotherapy of Milton Erickson, the Palo Alto group founded by Gregory Bateson, the Milan School, and the Ackerman Brief Therapy Project. The theoretical and definitional underpinnings of paradoxical interventions are then discussed,"with particular attention paid to the concept of the double bind. A categorization and description of the different paradoxical strategies is described in detail, with guidelines and caveats for the therapeutic management of paradox in counseling. The article concludes with a summary of the research on paradoxical interventions including both case studies and experimental investigations and with recommendations for future research.
Magnetostrictive water pump

A magnetostrictive water pump using Terfenol-D has been designed and built, achieving a flow rate of 15 ml/sec at 5 psi, using 41 watts. This is a higher flow rate and lower pressure than previous magnetostrictive pumps. The pump is 6' long and 3.6' in diameter. A model of pump performance has been developed, including valve inertia which limits the drive frequency, and trapped air in the chamber, which can reduce the flow rate and make the pump noisy. Methods have been developed to eliminate trapped air. The pump uses a hydraulic stroke amplifier, which turned out much stiffer axially than it was designed to be. This has adversely affected pump performance, because of finite Terfenol compliance and finite housing compliance. With a stroke amplifier of optimal stiffness, and with better quality Terfenol, the pump should be able to achieve a flow rate of 30 ml/sec at 5 psi, consuming 25 to 35 watts. Although the power is more than would be needed by a piezoelectric pump of the same performance, a Terfenol-D actuator offers important advantages, including low voltage and no known fatigue mechanism. Furthermore, much of the modeling would be relevant to a piezoelectric pump as well.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Thermodynamic modeling and calorimetry of nanostructured materials for capacitive thermal management

Transient power dissipation profiles in handheld electronic devices alternate between high and low power states depending on usage. Capacitive thermal management based on phase change materials potentially offers a fan-less thermal management for such transient profiles. However, such capacitive management becomes feasible only if there is a significant enhancement in the enthalpy change per unit volume of the phase change material since existing bulk materials such as paraffin fall short of requirements. In this paper we propose novel nanostructured thin-film materials that can potentially exhibit significantly enhanced volumetric enthalpy change. Using fundamental thermodynamics of phase transition, we calculate the enhancement resulting from superheating in such thin film systems. We further describe the design of a microfabricated calorimeter to measure such enhancements. This work advances the state-of-art of phase change materials for capacitive cooling of handheld devices.
Scheduling algorithms for dynamic message streams with distance constraints in TDMA protocol

In many real-time communication applications, predictable and guaranteed timeliness is one of the critical components of the quality of service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we propose a new real-time message model with both rate requirements and distance constraints. Two algorithms are presented to schedule dynamic real-time message streams in a TDMA (time division multiple access) frame based on different scheduling policies by making greedy choices or optimization choices. The performance of the two algorithms is evaluated and compared in terms of time complexity, acceptance ratio and scheduling jitter via simulation.
An information theoretic method to identify combinations of genomic alterations that promote glioblastoma

Tumors are the result of accumulated genomic alterations that cooperate synergistically to produce uncontrollable cell growth. Although identifying recurrent alterations among large collections of tumors provides a way to pinpoint genes that endow a selective advantage in oncogenesis and progression, it fails to address the genetic interactions behind this selection process. A non-random pattern of co-mutated genes is evidence for selective forces acting on tumor cells that harbor combinations of these genetic alterations. Although existing methods have successfully identified mutually exclusive gene sets, no current method can systematically discover more general genetic relationships. We develop Genomic Alteration Modules using Total Correlation (GAMToC), an information theoretic framework that integrates copy number and mutation data to identify gene modules with any non-random pattern of joint alteration. Additionally, we present the Seed-GAMToC procedure, which uncovers the mutational context of any putative cancer gene. The software is publicly available. Applied to glioblastoma multiforme samples, GAMToC results show distinct subsets of co-occurring mutations, suggesting distinct mutational routes to cancer and providing new insight into mutations associated with proneural, proneural/G-CIMP, and classical types of the disease. The results recapitulate known relationships such as mutual exclusive mutations, place these alterations in the context of other mutations, and find more complex relationships such as conditional mutual exclusivity.
“Brenda’s Got a Baby” Black Single Motherhood and Street Life as a Site of Resilience in Wilmington, Delaware

This secondary analysis examines low-income, street-identified single Black mothers aged 18 to 35 years in Wilmington, Delaware. This study is guided by the following question: To what extent do family composition and criminal record/street activity shape notions of Black single motherhood? “Sites of resilience” theory informs this study by providing a reconceptualization of street life and the phenomenological experiences of street-identified Black women. This analysis draws on 310 surveys, 6 individual interviews, 3 dual interviews, 2 group interviews, and extensive field observations. Findings reveal how these women experience single motherhood within the context of blocked opportunity and structural inequality. Results also indicate that most women socially reproduced childhood attitudes and conditions, including “fatherless” homes and single motherhood. Use and sales of narcotics and incarceration were primary factors for why their children’s father didn’t reside in the home. Findings also suggest th...
A hemolysin test for selection of universal donors.

Since lack of time or adequate laboratory facilities may not permit the transfusion of group-specific blood during military or other emergencies, it is often necessary to transfuse patients of all blood groups with group 0 blood. The use of group 0 blood, generally a safe and acceptable procedure, is not without some danger. The presence of anti-A or anti-B isoantibodies of the so-called immune type has been incriminated as the cause of reactions resulting from the use of universal donor blood.' 6> 8 These immune antibodies are generally contrasted with the so-called naturally occurring isoantibodies which require merely a saline medium for their detection. The addition of blood-group specific substances to group 0 blood may neutralize the naturally occurring antibodies but is ineffective in neutralizing the immune antibodies. This procedure does not, therefore, provide an adequate safeguard. In addition, a group-0 recipient of blood containing group-specific substances may develop an immune-type antibody that renders the plasma of such an individual dangerous for use at a subsequent period. In the case of female recipients, this procedure may conceivably lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn when ABO incompatibility exists. Various methods have been proposed for the determination of the level and type of isoantibodies in human serum. The naturally occurring antibodies are determined by titration in a saline medium. An association exists between the levels of naturally occurring and immune isoantibodies, but a high titer of immune antibody may exist in the presence of a relatively low level of naturally occurring antibody. The screening of dangerous universal donors should therefore include a test designed for the detection of immune isoantibodies. Immune-type antibodies possess various properties. They are characterized by their ability to act as hemolysins and to fix complement. The immune antibodies will also agglutinate red cells in a medium of high colloidal concentration as in group AB serum and will react in the indirect Coombs test after neutralization of the naturally occurring antibodies in the serum. Clinical and experimental studies have not yet determined which of these activities correlates most closely with action in vivo. Crawford and his associates suggested that the hemolytic activity of serums in vitro is an excellent indicator of potential hemolytic power in vivo. In the determination of isoimmunization caused by ABO incompatibility during pregnancy, the hemolysin test has been suggested as the best screening
Effects of intrarenal adenosine on renal function and medullary blood flow in the rat

Adenosine is a potent vasodilator of the systemic circulation. Infusion of adenosine into the aorta causes water and sodium retention and a fall in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. The effect of adenosine on medullary blood flow is unknown. Because systemic vasodilatory effects may confound its renal actions, adenosine was infused into the renal artery of anesthetized Munich-Wistar rats at doses of 2, 6, and 15 micrograms/min. A marked dose-dependent increase in urinary flow and sodium excretion was observed. Inulin and p-aminohippuric acid clearance did not change significantly. Blood flow in vasa recta in the exposed renal papilla, as determined by fluorescence videomicroscopy, increased significantly only with the highest dose of adenosine. In control animals infused with the vehicle only, there was no change in any of the above variables. These results indicate that direct intrarenal infusion of adenosine in the rat increases urinary flow and sodium excretion and at higher doses also increases vasa recta blood flow. The effects on urinary flow and sodium excretion were therefore mediated by a mechanism other than an increase in vasa recta blood flow.
Chemical cleaning of CFB boil by EDTA in low temperature

The determination of the cleaning parameters of the EDTA chemical cleaning,the range of cleaning and the technical process in CFB Plant are introduced.This paper analyzes the process control parameters in the cleaning,finds the influence factors.
ZChanges and significance of serum TIgE,IgG_4,IL-2,IL-5 and ECP in allergic asthma

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of respiratory inflammation in asthma and evaluate the clinical values of these indexes in allergic asthma by observing the serum level of interleukin-2(IL-2), interleukin-5(IL-5),total immunoglobulin E (TIgE),immunoglobulin G_4(IgG_4) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Methods Each 30 cases of allergic asthma with acute attacks from mild to moderate degree (group A) and with remission (group B) were chosen respectively, and another 15 healthy subjects were chosen as controls (group C). Serum TIgE, IgG_4, IL-2, IL-5 and ECP were measured by ELISA or Immuno-CAP system. Results Serum TIgE and IgG_4 levels were significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C. There was significant difference between group A and C,B and C(P0.05). ECP and IL-5 level was significant higher in group A than in group B and C (P0.05).There was significant difference between A and B,A and C(P0.05).IL-2 level was mildly higher in group A than in other groups, but there was no significant difference between 3 groups. Conclusion These indexes may reflect the change of cellular and humoral immune function in allergic asthma from different sides, and the pathogenesis of the respiratory inflammation in allergic asthma.