cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soil organic matter–hydrogen peroxide dynamics in the treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater using catalyzed H2O2 propagations (modified Fenton's reagent)

The interactions between catalyzed H(2)O(2) propagations (CHP-i.e. modified Fenton's reagent) and soil organic matter (SOM) during the treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater was studied in a well-characterized surface soil. The fate of two fractions of SOM, particulate organic matter (POM) and nonparticulate organic matter (NPOM), during CHP reactions was evaluated using concentrations of hydrogen peroxide from 0.5 to 3M catalyzed by soluble iron (III), an iron (III)-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelate, or naturally-occurring soil minerals. The destruction of total SOM in CHP systems was directly proportional to the hydrogen peroxide dosage, and was significantly greater at pH 3 than at neutral pH; furthermore, SOM destruction occurred predominantly in the NPOM fraction. At pH 3, SOM did not affect hydrogen peroxide decomposition rates or hydroxyl radical activity in CHP reactions. However, at neutral pH, increasing the mass of SOM decreased the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate and increased the rate of hydroxyl radical generation in CHP systems. These results show that, while CHP reactions destroy some of the organic carbon pools, SOM does not have a significant effect on the CHP treatment of soils and groundwater.
Enhanced protein stability through minimally invasive, direct, covalent, and site‐specific immobilization

Bioconjugating protein to nonbiological surfaces is an essential component of many promising biotechnologies impacting diverse applications such as medical diagnostics, biocatalysis, biohazard detection, and proteomics. However, to enable the widespread economical use of immobilized-protein technologies, long-term stability, and reusability is essential. To enhance protein stability in harsh conditions, herein we report a minimally invasive and covalent bioconjugation that enables precise control of the immobilization location at potentially any surface-accessible location where the incorporated unnatural amino acid does not impact protein structure and function. Specifically, the PRECISE system is introduced where a uniquely reactive unnatural amino acid was incorporated site-specifically at a prespecified location in GFP using cell-free protein synthesis. The GFP was then directly and covalently attached to superparamagnetic beads by the unnatural amino acid in a single click reaction. The immobilized GFP was probed for retained activity and stability under harsh conditions including freeze-thaw cycling and incubation in urea at elevated temperatures. The immobilized GFP was more stable compared to unattached protein in all cases and for all durations observed. The enhanced stability of the immobilized protein is a promising step towards long-term protein stability for biocatalysis and other immobilized-protein applications. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013
Revertants of a transcription termination mutant of yeast contain diverse genetic alterations.

ABSTRACT Revertants of the cyc1-512 transcription termination mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated and subjected to a detailed genetic analysis. The cyc1-512 mutation previously was shown to be a 38-base pair deletion that causes only 10% of the normal steady-state levels of CYC1 mRNA and of the CYC1 gene product, iso-1-cytochrome c . Forty-one cyc1-512 revertants were classified by their content of iso-1-cytochrome c and by their genetic properties in meiotic crosses. Many of the revertants contain local genetic changes that either partially or completely restore the level of iso-1-cytochrome c . One revertant was shown to contain an unlinked extragenic suppressor, designated sut1 , that causes partial suppression of the transcription termination defect. Four revertants of cyc1-512 contain chromosomal rearrangements with breakpoints that are tightly linked to the CYC1 locus; these include one duplication, one possible inversion, and two reciprocal translocations. Detailed genetic mapping demonstrated that one of the reciprocal translocations is between the right arms of chromosomes X and XII , with a breakpoint mapping 3′ to the CYC1 locus. These results indicate that the defect in transcription termination in cyc1-512 can be restored in a variety of ways, including the translocation of different chromosomal regions to the 3′ end of the CYC1 locus, local changes presumably at or near the original defect, and by mutation at another locus distinct from CYC1 .
Optimization and evaluation of Hartree-Fock application's I/O with PASSION

Parallel machines are an important part of the scientific application developer's tool box and the processing demands placed on these machines are rapidly increasing. Many scientific applications tend to perform high volume data storage, data retrieval and data processing, which demands high performance from the I/O subsystem. In this paper, we conduct an experimental study of the I/O performed by the Hartree-Fock (HF) method, as implemented using a fully distributed data approach in the NWChem parallel computational chemistry package. We use PASSION, a parallel and scalable I/O library to improve the I/O performance of the application and present extensive experimental results. The effects of both application-related factors and system-related factors on the application's I/O performance are studied in detail. We rank the optimizations based on the significance and impact on the performance of HF's I/O phase as: I. efficient interface to the file system, II. prefetching, and III. buffering. The results show that within the limits of our experimental framework, application-related factors are more effective on the overall I/O behavior of this application. We obtained up to 95% improvement in I/O time and 43% improvement in the overall application performance with the optimizations.
Copper Proteins with Type 1 Sites

Copper Proteins with Type 1 Sites is a general review that focuses on single-domain proteins that bind ‘blue’ or ‘type 1’ copper. Larger, multidomain proteins that contain type 1 copper in addition to other types of copper centers are not discussed at any length in this article. Blue copper proteins are so named because in solution they are a brilliant blue/azure color when the copper ion is in its Cu(II) oxidation state. The bright blue color comes from a charge transfer (CT) between Cu(II) and the sulfur (thiolate) of a ligating cysteine residue. Because of this intense color, type 1 copper proteins were among the first to be isolated because they could be tracked easily during purification processes. This, together with their unique spectroscopic properties that have no parallel in small-molecule copper complexes, has made them the subject of intense study over the last 35 years. This article focuses on three main aspects of type 1 copper proteins: (1) their occurrence, distribution, and classification based on analyses of genomic and expressed sequence tag data; (2) their three-dimensional structures as determined by the well-established tools of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); and (3) their electronic, spectroscopic, and electron-transfer properties. Keywords: type 1 copper; blue copper; X-ray crystallography; entatic state; electron paramagnetic resonance; resonance Raman; EXAFS/XAS; electron transfer; cupredoxins; phytocyanins
Discovering tightly regulated and differentially expressed gene sets in whole genome expression data

Motivation: Recently, a new type of expression data is being collected which aims to measure the effect of genetic variation on gene expression in pathways. In these datasets, expression profiles are constructed for multiple strains of the same model organism under the same condition. The goal of analyses of these data is to find differences in regulatory patterns due to genetic variation between strains, often without a phenotype of interest in mind. We present a new method based on notions of tight regulation and differential expression to look for sets of genes which appear to be significantly affected by genetic variation. Results: When we use categorical phenotype information, as in the Alzheimer's and diabetes datasets, our method finds many of the same gene sets as gene set enrichment analysis. In addition, our notion of correlated gene sets allows us to focus our efforts on biological processes subjected to tight regulation. In murine hematopoietic stem cells, we are able to discover significant gene sets independent of a phenotype of interest. Some of these gene sets are associated with several blood-related phenotypes. Availability: The programs are available by request from the authors. Contact: cye@bioinf.ucsd.edu
Single particle simulations of electron transport in the near-field of Hall thrusters

The results of 3D, single particle electron trajectory calculations are presented for the near-field of a laboratory E × B Hall plasma thruster. For a prescribed static magnetic and electric field distribution, single electrons are launched and tracked from a simulated cathode. Collisions with external thruster surfaces are accounted for; however, field fluctuations are disregarded. Bulk statistics including the channel to beam electron current ratio, electron lifetimes and spatial distributions of the number density, mean energy, energy distributions, velocity distributions and velocity component ratios are catalogued. For conditions typical of a moderate power Hall thruster, the mean lifetime of electrons in the domain of axial scale length, L = 0.3m, is approximately 120ns. Electrons which eventually enter the channel are found to strike the thruster ∼10 3 times as frequently as electrons which exit the domain in the plume. For the static E and B field distributions used in this study, the channel to beam current ratio is found to be on the order of 0.1 and the velocity ratio, VE/VE×B, over the channel has a mean of ∼0.5, with higher values driven largely by collisions with the thruster indicating the importance of such events in driving transport into the channel. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Urban Land and Housing Markets in the Punjab, Pakistan

Well-functioning urban land and housing markets are critical success factors for achieving robust economic growth. This paper provides an overview of urban land and housing market performance in Punjab Province of Pakistan. It describes the characteristics of well-functioning markets and argues that the Punjab’s present markets are not performing. In fact, there exists a range of impediments to efficient urban land and housing market performance: excessive public land ownership, inadequate infrastructure services, weak property rights, counterproductive urban planning policies and regulations, costly subdivision and construction regulations, limited financing for property development and acquisition, rent controls, and distortive taxation mechanisms.
Thymoma in Children: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature:

Thymoma is an uncommon and slow-growing neoplasm. It is derived from thymic epithelial cells and comprises about 20% to 30% of mediastinal masses in adults, but only about 1% in pediatric patients. Patients usually present with mass-associated respiratory symptoms, superior vena cava syndrome, or paraneoplastic syndrome including myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, and connective tissue disorders. Due to the limited number of cases, knowledge, and experience with thymoma in pediatric patients, the diagnosis and treatment are very challenging for this age group. In this article, we report 2 cases of thymoma in childhood and provide a comprehensive review and analysis of the reported pediatric cases in the past 30 years (total of 32 cases). We found that patients younger than age 10 years were predominantly male (M:F = 6:1) and had advanced tumor stage more frequent than patients older than age 10 (P = .03). There were also significant associations of male sex with more advanced tumor stage and less favorable outcome (P = .03). These findings suggest that age and sex may be additional potential prognostic contributors in pediatric patients with thymoma. The clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and current therapeutic recommendations of this uncommon tumor in pediatric patients are also addressed.
Prestige Among Graduate and Professional Schools: Comparing the U.S. News’ Graduate School Reputation Ratings Between Disciplines

Using a conceptual model, this study examines the variables associated with the U.S. News and World Report peer assessment ratings of graduate and professional schools in business, education, engineering, law, and medicine. What are the correlates of prestige among the nation’s leading graduate and professional schools, and are they consistent with prior studies of prestige? Not since the studies of the 1995 National Research Council (NRC) data have scholars examined the correlates of prestige for individual graduate programs, and no study has ever extensively examined the U.S. News graduate ratings. Using available data from U.S. News, as well as institutional websites and ISI Web of Science information, this analysis finds robust relationships between the U.S. News graduate school reputation ratings and the model-relevant indicators, especially enrollment size, admissions test scores, and faculty publications per capita.
Constructing the Image of a City: The Representation of Constantinople in Christopher Buondelmonti's Liber Insularum Archipelagi

An unusual sequence of manuscript maps of Constantinople that accompany Christopher Buondelmonti's Liber Insularum Archipelagi provides insight into the ways in which this city was viewed and represented in Western Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. As a result of cartographic developments during this period, the city's topography and features could be portrayed and located with greater accuracy than ever; yet as actually constructed the maps continue to be imbued both deliberately and unconsciously with symbolic meanings and silences. More particularly, these maps, as cultural constructions, play a role in the reappropriation of the city for Christianity. Despite its capture by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, it is suggested that this is still a contested city, at least in the minds of fifteenth-century mapmakers and their patrons. Subsequent generations of maps, drawing on these sources, create through copying and borrowing, reworking and repetition, a composite view of the city that for al...
Update on the Efficacy and Tolerability of Meropenem in the Treatment of Serious Bacterial Infections

Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and pediatric bacterial meningitis (in patients >or=3 months of age). In clinical trials, it also has shown efficacy as initial empirical therapy for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Unlike other beta-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems have shown activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and AmpC chromosomal beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Compared with imipenem, meropenem is more active against gram-negative pathogens and somewhat less active against gram-positive pathogens, and it does not require coadministration of a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor. In most comparative trials, clinical and bacteriological response rates with imipenem and meropenem were similar. Compared with clindamycin/tobramycin, meropenem is associated with a reduced length of hospital stay and a shorter duration of therapy among patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections. Meropenem is well tolerated by children and adults and has an acceptable safety profile. Alternative meropenem dosing strategies for the optimization of outcomes are under investigation.
Ethical Issues of High-order Multiple Births

Abstract The prevalence of high-order multiple (HOM) pregnancies has increased because of ovulation induction, assisted reproductive technologies, and spontaneous conceptions in older mothers. Pregnancies with 3 or more fetuses carry heightened morbidity and mortality risks for mothers and children. Although many families cope well, psychosocial complications include stress, marital and financial strain, social stigma, depression, grief, and neglect of multiples and their siblings. Adequate support reduces adverse consequences. Multiple births strain societal resources. With fertility treatment, the desires of patients, business pressures of clinics, and financial, legal, and religious considerations influence HOM conception rates. Maternal autonomy in fertility treatments must be balanced against obligations to prospective children and society. Selective termination of abnormal fetuses and multifetal pregnancy reduction are ethically justifiable, but may contradict parents' or clinicians' values. Decisions for moribund multiples are difficult. Media coverage is often inaccurate or intrusive, but benefits some families. Skilled care, accurate information, and practical resources optimize outcomes.
Applicability of Aeff-enlarged pure-silica-core fiber for C- and L-band transmission

Pure-silica-core fiber having enlarged Aeff of 130µm2 is confirmed to have low macro-, micro-bending losses and high figure-of-merit in both C- and L-bands, indicating applicability of this PSCF to broadband transmission system.
Stimulation of glycogenolysis and vasoconstriction by adenosine and adenosine analogues in the perfused rat liver

Infusion of adenosine into perfused rat livers resulted in transient increases in glucose output, portal-vein pressure, the effluent perfusate [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio, and O2 consumption. 8-Phenyltheophylline (10 microM) inhibited adenosine responses, whereas dipyridamole (50 microM) potentiated the vasoconstrictive effect of adenosine. The order of potency for adenosine analogues was: 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) greater than L-phenylisopropyladenosine greater than cyclohexyladenosine greater than D-phenylisopropyladenosine greater than 2-chloroadenosine greater than adenosine, consistent with adenosine actions modulated through P1-purine receptors of the A2-subtype. Hepatic responses exhibited homologous desensitization in response to repeated infusion of adenosine. Adenosine effects on the liver were attenuated at lower perfusate Ca2+ concentrations. Indomethacin decreased hepatic responses to both adenosine and NECA. Whereas adenosine stimulated glycogen phosphorylase activity in isolated hepatocytes, NECA caused no effect in hepatocytes. The response to adenosine in hepatocytes was inhibited by dipyridamole (50 microM), but not 8-phenyltheophylline (10 microM). The present study indicates that, although adenosine has direct effects on parenchymal cells, indirect effects of adenosine, mediated through the A2-purinergic receptors on another hepatic cell type, appear to play a role in the perfused liver.
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Herbicide Tolerant and Insect Resistant Crops in the United States

Genetic engineering refers to the genetic modification of organisms by recombinant DNA techniques. By a precise alteration of a plant’s traits, genetic engineering facilitates the development of characteristics not possible through traditional plant breeding techniques. The genetic modifications considered in this chapter include herbicide tolerance and insect resistance.
Impact Is Everything.

June marked the month that Thomson Reuters released the impact factors for scientific journals. The Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR) had a notable and very significant jump this year to 2.409 (from 2.149). As an editor, I’m interested in this and other quantitative measures, such as article half-lives, immediacy indices, and Eigenfactors (1). The impact factor is calculated from the mean of citations per manuscript in a calendar year divided by the total papers published in the two preceding years. Despite its dominant position in the world of journal metrics, the impact factor is a single partial metric that captures but one aspect of an academic journal’s universe, the scope of its scientific inquiry, and its vision or goals. We treat, and publish on, nearly every aspect of medicine and
The B2B Knowledge Gap

Abstract Roughly equal in terms of the economic value of transactions, B2B (Business-to-Business) marketing sees a small fraction of the academic research attention that B2C (Business-to-Consumer) marketing sees. In this article, I cite some of the reasons for that imbalance. I then highlight three specific areas—B2B Innovation, B2B Buying and B2B Analytics—that have great potential for yielding academically significant research contributions that meet the needs of practitioners. In each area, I sketch the state of knowledge and then identify a few research questions. I then highlight a number of other areas of B2B that offer high potential. Next, I comment on the importance of crafting B2B academic research that is both rigorous and relevant and what we as a profession might do to encourage more such work. I then offer a few thoughts about how to increase the participation of practitioners in the B2B knowledge creation process.
rSLA: Monitoring SLAs in Dynamic Service Environments

Today’s application environments combine Cloud and on-premise infrastructure, as well as platforms and services from different providers to enable quick development and delivery of solutions to their intended users. The ability to use Cloud platforms to stand up applications in a short time frame, the wide availability of Web services, and the application of a continuous deployment model has led to very dynamic application environments. In those application environments, managing quality of service has become more important. The more external service vendors are involved the less control an application owner has and must rely on Service Level Agreements (SLAs). However, SLA management is becoming more difficult. Services from different vendors expose different instrumentation. In addition, the increasing dynamism of application environments entails that the speed of SLA monitoring set up must match the speed of changes to the application environment.
The reconfigurable machinery efficient workspace analysis based on the twist angles

A novel methodology for the calculation, visualisation and analysis of the Reconfigurable Machinery Efficient Workspace RMEW, based on the twist angles, is presented in this paper. The machinery's kinematic parameters are used for calculating the workspace, while the efficient workspace is associated with the machinery's path and includes the end-effector position and orientation. To analyse and visualise many different machinery efficient workspaces at the same time, the calculation is based on the previously developed and validated complex reconfigurable machinery's kinematic structure named n-DOF Global Kinematic Model n-GKM. An industrial robot is used as an example to demonstrate an application of n-GKM model. It is calculated only for the tool's perpendicular orientation relative to the floor. Four different kinematic configurations based on twist angles α
Probing Spin Dependent Quark and Gluon Distributions Through Azimuthal and Polarization Asymmetries

Spin and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions - Generalized Parton Distributions, Transverse Momentum Distributions and related distributions - are at the interface between the QCD structure of the hadrons and observable quantities. The distributions are contained as linear superpositions within helicity amplitudes that factorize into universal forms at leading or next to leading order. These amplitudes are probed in high energy leptoproduction processes through angular dependent cross sections and polarization asymmetries. The phenomenological extraction of the amplitudes and the distributions is a challenging task. We will present some models for the distributions in leptoproduction processes, as well as the observables that connect with the quark-nucleon helicity amplitudes for different Deeply Virtual production possibilities.
The Circle of Inclusion: Sustainability, CSR and the Values that Drive Them:

This article examines the values that underlie notions of sustainability and corporate social responsibility, and how those values influence perspectives on who and what is included in decision-making. The author argues that the epistemologies of economic considerations in industrial practices, and how they are framed by science and technology, make it unlikely that practices towards sustainability will successfully avert expanding global crises unless the circle of inclusion is expanded to include other-than-human life.
Abstract 2167: Strengthening anti-cancer effects on non-small cell lung carcinoma by dual blockage of MET and EGFR in a context-dependent manner.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80% of lung cancer, the leading cause of death among all cancer casualties. The MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is often co-expressed with EGFR in the NSCLC cells, and is an important alternative resistant mechanism for escaping EGFR-targeted therapy. To assess the benefit of dual blockage of MET and EGFR for NSCLC therapy, we investigated the activities of these two RTK pathways in several NSCLC cell lines carrying distinct cellular contexts, and determined their responses to SGX523 and erlotinib, the small molecule kinase inhibitors of MET and EGFR, respectively. Here, we showed that MET can cross-activate EGFR in MET-amplified or overexpressing cells via hetero-receptor dimerization, and the MET-dependent phosphorylation of EGFR can be abolished by SGX523 but not by erlotinib. More importantly, combined inhibition of MET and EGFR in vitro results in a maximal suppression of downstream ERK and AKT activation and of cell proliferation when their ligands (HGF and EGF) are present. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SGX523 and erlotinib combination strengthens anti-cancer activity in vivo in a cellular context-dependent manner. The combination led to regression of MET-amplified H1993 tumors by enhancing suppression of proliferation and inducing apoptosis, whereas significantly reduced MET-non-amplified H1373 tumor growths by suppression of proliferation without inducing apoptosis. Although SGX523 alone was sufficient to achieve near complete regression of MET-addicted EBC-1 tumors, its combination with erlotinib strongly inhibited viability of a population of SGX523-insensitive cells emerging from SGX523-treated EBC-1 tumor relapse. Our data suggest that dual blockage of MET and EGFR can enhance anti-cancer effects on NSCLC in a context-dependent manner, and provide a strong rationale and mechanisms for combining MET and EGFR inhibitors for NSCLC therapy. Citation Format: Yu-Wen Zhang, Ben Staal, Curt Essenburg, Steven Lewis, Dafna Kaufman, George F. Vande Woude. Strengthening anti-cancer effects on non-small cell lung carcinoma by dual blockage of MET and EGFR in a context-dependent manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2167. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2167
Testing Rubin’s Model 25 Years Later A Multilevel Approach to Local Economic Development Incentive Adoption

Rubin sounded an alarm indicating that economic development practitioners were less than strategic in their economic development incentive adoption when he declared that developers “shoot anything ...
Chiari-Frommel syndrome in a patient with primary adrenocortical insufficiency.

Abstract For fourteen months post partum a 31-yearold woman had amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hyperpigmentation, and loss of sexual hair. A diagnosis of primary adrenocortical insufficiency was supported by low serum and urinary cortisol, high serum ACTH, circulating adrenal antibodies, aldosterone deficiency, failure to respond to exogenous ACTH, and a normal sella turcica, growth hormone, thyrotropin, and luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. Base-line human prolactin levels were slightly but consistently elevated to 26 to 29 ng per milliliter. Replacement with 37.5 mg of cortisone acetate per day resulted within three weeks in spontaneous resumption of regular menstrual cycles, disappearance of galactorrhea, weight gain and regression of pigmentary changes. Serum ACTH returned to normal, and prolactin levels decreased to 10 to 11 ng per milliliter. Thus, glucocorticoid deficiency due to primary adrenocortical insufficiency can produce persistent prolactin elevation with galactorrhea in the hormona...
Insulin Content of Pancreas after Sodium Fluoroacetate-Induced Hyperglycemia.

SummaryA specific immunochemical assay was used to measure extractable insulin from the pancreas of normal rats, alloxandiabetic rats, and rats made diabetic with sodium fluoroacetate (SFA). Rat insulin proved immunologically different from crystalline beef insulin, suggesting a significant chemical difference between these insulins. Pancreatic insulin content was decreased or absent in alloxan-treated diabetic rats, but appeared to be increased in rats with SFA diabetes, compared with normal controls. These findings demonstrate that the diabetes produced by SFA is not due to an alloxanlike action on beta cells resulting in insulin deficiency, but is secondary to a peripheral block in glucose utilization.
Current status of nutritional lunch in primary and high schools of Beijing

Objective To study the current status of school nutritional lunch(SNL)and foster its development.Methods Field investigation in combination with interview and review of historical records were conducted to evluate the current status of SNL in Beijing.Results Overall residual rate of SNL was 29%,with28%,16%,22%,41% and 3% for staple food,wheaten food, meat,vegetable dishes and soup,respectively.Pupils were satisfactory to hygiene and nutrition of SNL,but not so satisfactory to its taste.Publicity and management for SNL were insufficient by schools.There were misunderstandings for SNL in puplis and their parents.Nutritional education for pupils was not enough,so they could not understand the value of SNL and always had a partiality for a particular kind of food.Conclusions Primary and high schools in Beijing did not play a appropriate role in popularization and promotion of nutritional education and SNL.It is suggested that supplies for SNL and nutritional education in primary and high schools should be brought into legal management through nutritional legislation,and nutritional education should be channeled into essential educarion in school to promote greater development of SNL.
Clomiphene citrate treatment outcomes in Taiwanese hypogonadal men: A single-center preliminary report

Abstract Objective We evaluated the treatment efficacy of clomiphene citrate (CC) in hypogonadal men. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our patients with a diagnosis of hypogonadism who received CC treatment, and compared the pretreatment and post-treatment serum testosterone levels. Subjective patient improvements were recorded using the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire. Results A total of 10 patients were included in our analysis. Mean serum testosterone level increase from 246 ± 76 ng/dL to 548 ± 281 ng/dL was noted after treatment ( p 400 ng/dL after treatment. Conclusion CC is an effective alternative treatment for patients with hypogonadism.
Imaging of Fetal Orbits

Abnormalities of the fetal orbit are occasionally visualized in the workup of suspected central nervous system malformation. It may be difficult to recognize orbital pathology in fetuses, especially when it is bilateral and symmetric. In this article, we at first addressed a normal appearance of the fetal orbits on prenatal imaging, which includes obstetric ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. We also described a spectrum of lesions involving fetal eyes and orbits, including abnormal fetal orbital biometry, abnormal morphology of the vitreous and lens, and neoplastic and nonneoplastic masses of the orbits. Fetal orbital anomalies may be associated with a long list of underlying systemic disorders. For that reason, sometimes a particular orbital anomaly may be helpful as a denominator to narrow a diagnosis. Detection of fetal orbital lesions should prompt a diligent search for associated birth defects arising at the same time or sharing the same progenitor cell.
Effect of ovarian hormones on the uterine vascular bed.

Left uterine artery blood flow (UBF) was monitored in oophorectomized ewes during administration of ovarian hormones. After oophorectomy, UBF decreased to barely recordable levels. A single injection or daily injections of estradiol increased UBF markedly for one to 2 days. Thereafter, flow progressively decreased after the single injection or decreased and then stabilized at rates significantly below the peak rates during daily injections. Alone, progesterone had no significant effect on UBF. When superimposed on daily estradiol, progesterone decreased UBF about 30 per cent. Following progesterone withdrawal, UBF increased markedly in a pattern similar to that observed after the initial administration of estradiol. These findings indicate that estradiol causes marked uterine vasodilatation. During prolonged estradiol administration, resistance develops to this effect. While progesterone may cause some uterine vasoconstriction, its principal action would seem to be a sensitization of the vascular bed to the effect of estradiol.
Model Evaluation and Testing

INTRODUCTION It is desirable to analyze count data using a cycle of model specification, estimation, testing, and evaluation. This cycle can go from specific to general models – for example, it can begin with Poisson and then test for the negative binomial – or one can use a general-to-specific approach, beginning with the negative binomial and then testing the restrictions imposed by Poisson. In terms of inclusion of regressors in a given count model, either approach might be taken; for the choice of the count data model itself, other than simple choices such as Poisson or negative binomial, the former approach is most often useful. For example, if the negative binomial model is inadequate, there is a very wide range of models that might be considered, rendering a general-to-specific approach difficult to implement. The preceding two chapters have presented the specification and estimation components of this cycle for cross-section count data. In this chapter we focus on the testing and evaluation aspects of this cycle. This includes residual analysis, goodness-of-fit measures, and model specification tests, in addition to classical statistical inference. Residual analysis, based on a range of definitions of the residual for heteroskedastic data such as counts, is presented in section 5.2. A range of measures of goodness of fit, including pseudo R-squareds and a chi-square goodness-of-fit statistic, is presented in section 5.3. Discrimination among nonnested models is the subject of section 5.4.
A Biosequence-Based Approach to Software Characterization

For many applications, it is desirable to have a process for recognizing when software binaries are closely related without relying on them to be identical or have identical segments. But doing so in a dynamic environment is a nontrivial task because most approaches to software similarity require extensive and time-consuming analysis of a binary, or they fail to recognize executables that are similar but not identical. Presented herein is a novel biosequence-based method for quantifying similarity of executable binaries. Using this method, we show in an example application on large-scale multi-author codes that 1) the biosequence-based method has a statistical performance in recognizing and distinguishing between a collection of real-world high performance computing applications better than 90% of ideal, and 2) an example of using family-tree analysis to tune identification for a code subfamily can achieve better than 99% of ideal performance.
Persistant Inhibition of Thrombin Generation After Intravenous Administration of Enoxaparin in Primates.

Abstract 2095 Poster Board II-72 The biologic half life (T12) of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is usually measured in terms of the circulating anti-Xa levels. Enoxaparin represents an unique LMWH whose biologic T12 is relatively longer than most LMWHs. Moreover, it is known that the antithrombotic effects of this agent last longer in comparison to the measurable circulating anti-Xa levels. Therefore besides the anti-Xa activity, additional non-measurable biologic effects are contributory to the clinical effects of this agent. Plasma based thrombin generation assays have recently become available to assess the effects of LMWHs such as enoxaparin. In these assays blood plasma samples are activated using different activators and the generated thrombin inhibition is measured. To measure the time course of thrombin generation inhibitory activity after an IV bolus dose of 0.5 mg/kg of enoxaparin into groups of primates (n=6-8), a commercially available thrombin generation method was employed (Technoclone, Vienna, Austria/DiaPharma, West Chester,OH). Blood samples were drawn from each of the primates injected at varying time points for up to 28 hours. A thromboplastin/phospholipids based reagent was used to generate thrombin and the results were recorded in terms of nm of thrombin formed. The baseline values ranged from 500-900 nm (710±60 nm), although a complete inhibition of thrombin generation was noted at 1 hour (24±8 nm), a slow and gradual reduction in the thrombin generation inhibition was noted with a T12 of 9 hours. Even at 28 hours after the administration of enoxaparin, sustained inhibition of thrombin generation was noted (30-50%). Interestingly, the circulating anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity gradually diminished to an almost non-detectable level at 6 hours. These studies suggest that enoxaparin produces antithrombotic actions by multiple mechanisms. Furthermore thrombin generation methods in plasma samples may provide a more sensitive assay for the monitoring of the effect of LMWH. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Visualization tool for correlating nanomaterial properties and biological responses in zebrafish

The complexity of engineered nanomaterials with regard to their structure and system-dependent properties, and limits of instrumentation to fully characterize nanomaterials in aqueous suspensions or biological media make it difficult to understand how material structure invokes biological response. In this work, a data visualization tool was developed to explore the results of 151 zebrafish assays stored in the Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions Knowledgebase. Visualizations generated using the tool indicated that some nanomaterials exhibited a tendency to cause death, others, sublethal abnormalities. The visualizations also showed that combinations of characteristics, such as the material of the core, shell, and surface, more than any individual characteristic, influenced toxicity. Notably, the size of the nanoparticle did not appear significant in determining toxicity across studies. There was an indication that surface charge could affect toxicity, but a distinct relationship between charge and biological response was not identified. Through exploration of the Knowledgebase using the tool, it was determined that it is possible to alter the toxicity of a nanomaterial of a certain core composition by adding different combinations of a shell and/or a functional outer surface, suggesting that proper design choices, as required to achieve a specific function of a material, could mitigate or exacerbate toxicity.
The Effect of A Pre-Deposited Mobile Substrate On Terminal-Fan Evolution and Channel Organization: Tank Experiments

Abstract: Depositional processes interact with mobile substrates in nearly all passive-margin settings throughout the world. The interplay between sedimentation and a mobile substrate (e.g., salt layer) results in a complex stratigraphic record, making it difficult to reconstruct basin-fill history. Herein we investigate the dynamic feedback between sediment loading and substrate deformation to understand morphologic change and stratigraphic development. We used simplified tank experiments of a linked fan and terminal-channel system evolving over a deformable substrate. A series of experiments were conducted with controlling variables including mobile substrate thickness, sediment supply rate, and basin slope. Experimental results indicate: (1) an increase in substrate thickness resulted in increased subsidence around the fan that limited sediment transport to its terminal channels, (2) a higher sediment discharge rate on a substrate resulted in faster fan progradation coupled with relatively less subsidence and more sediment transport to terminal channels, and (3) a higher-slope experiment caused the largest amount of sediment transport downstream, while a decrease in basin slope resulted in a larger number of established channels along with a wider fan surface. An analysis of surface processes is also used to determine the expected stratigraphy between a linked fan and terminal-channel system as it interacted with the mobile substrate. We apply the experimental findings to understand the fluvial-dump–wind-redistribute system deposited on top of the Louann Salt layer in the eastern part of the Late Jurassic Gulf of Mexico basin.
Total Aerobic and Coliform Counts in Beef-Soy and Chicken-Soy Patties During Refrigerated Storage.

Three commercial texturized soy proteins (TSP-A, TSP-B, TSP-C) and one commercial soy protein concentrate (SPC) were each added to raw ground beef or chicken at a 10% or 30% level to form patties which were stored at 4 C. During storage up to 8 days, aerobic plate counts of beef were significantly higher with than without the TSP's. Coliform counts were higher with the beef containing TSP-B and TSP-C. During storage up to 10 days chicken patties containing TSP-A or TSP-C exhibited higher aerobic plate counts than controls, whereas patties with TSP-B or SPC did not. No increases occurred in coliform counts. In beef-soy mixtures, the counts were higher for the 30% than for the 10% level but the reverse was true in chicken-soy mixtures. Coliforms were identified by the Analytab Products, Inc. System. In the beef control and beef-soy mixtures, Serratia was the predominant genus at 0 and 8 days of storage. In the chicken control, Escherichia was the predominant genus at 0 day of storage, but Enterobacter was p...
Neural Network and Model-Predictive Control for Continuous Neutralization Reactor Operation

This paper outlines neural network non-linear models to predict moisture in real time as a virtual on line analyzer (VOA). The objective is to reduce the moisture variability in a continuous neutralization reactor by implementing a model-predictive control (MPC) to manipulate the water addition. The acid-base reaction takes place in right balance of raw materials. The moisture control is essential to the reaction yield and avoids downstream process constraints. The first modeling step was to define variables that have statistical correlation and high effect on the predictable one (moisture). Then, it was selected enough historical data that represents the plant operation in long term. Outliers like plant shutdowns, downtimes or non-usual events were removed from the database. The VOA model was built by training the digital control system neural block using those historical data. The MPC was implemented considering constraints and disturbances variables to establish the process control strategy. Constraints were configured to avoid damages in equipments. Disturbances were defined to cause feed forward action. The MPC receives the predictable moisture from VOA and anticipates the water addition control. This process is monitored via computer graphic displays. The project achieved a significant reduction in moisture variability and eliminated off-grade products.
The Adolescent Brain: Insights from Neuroimaging

Adolescence is a time of dramatic changes in body, behavior, and brain. Although the adolescent brain has different features than those of a child or mature adult, it is not broken or defective. The changes in the teen brain have been exquisitely forged by evolution to facilitate the survival of our species. During the second decade of life the brain does not mature by becoming larger; it matures by becoming more specialized and its subcomponents becoming more “inter-connected.” Recent advances in neuroimaging and the application of graph theoretical methods of analysis are enabling scientists to characterize these changes in connectivity and how they vary by age, sex, health/illness, and other cognitive or behavioral measures.
Toward objective cervical cancer screening: maybe the eyes do have it.

Several years ago, I wrote an editorial for the Journal entitled, “Toward Objective Quality Assurance: The Eyes Don’t Have It.”1 The point of that commentary was to clarify some of the confusion over the relative utility of visual rescreening methods for quality control in the cytopathology laboratory that are often highly subjective and limited by issues of selection bias. In contrast, what was advocated in that editorial was the use of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an independent and objective quality assurance metric for assessing diagnostic interpretations. In the last decade, HPV testing has become the standard care for clinical triage of equivocally abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Implicit in its use is the fact that in any population, HPV testing has a significantly higher sensitivity than a single Pap smear for the detection of prevalent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3. Multiple retrospective or cross-sectional studies, authoritative meta-analyses, and, now, randomized control trials have confirmed this fact.2 However, one of the main criticisms of HPV testing is that despite its CIN 3 sensitivity, which drives the entire clinical decision-making process, HPV tests are often criticized for somewhat lower specificity when compared with cytology. Of course it is almost impossible for a test to have terrific sensitivity and spectacular specificity at the same time. Thus, while a single high-risk HPV test will identify approximately 95% of prevalent CIN 3, it still refers at least twice as many people to colposcopy as may truly have clinically significant disease detectable within any reasonable period of follow-up. The reasons for the superior sensitivity of HPV testing have been widely speculated. The arguments usually include the fact that …