cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is There Life After the Internet

Computing paradigms have historically evolved through massive disruptive changes: from mainframe-computing to desktop-computing, to Internet-computing. It is thus not unreasonable to ask whether Internet-computing may be similarly transformed, and if so, what might be the characteristics of post-Internet computing. This presentation considers these questions in terms of three concomitant technology changes: (a) Massive storage growth at clients and its respective download-&-play applications are stretching the Internet's client/server-unicast paradigm to its scalability limits. Future networks will need to scale to multi-TB personal storage system, well beyond the scope of current paradigms. What technologies and applications paradigms may emerge to support these new scales? (b) Tagged XML software is inverting the classical sequential-code/random-access-data computing into sequential-data/random-access-code; this enables flexible dynamic distribution of data and processing logic of network services beyond the scope of traditional centralized processing. For example, it is not improbable that future services will replace centralized delivery by Web sites with distributed personalized storage sites. (c) Traditional architectures have organized processing resources to scale I/O-memory speeds to exploit the much higher speeds provided by CPU technologies. Emerging wire-speeds and storage-speeds have been inverting the classical speed hierarchy, with I/O rates outstripping CPU speeds. There is a need for new HW/SW architectures to handle the scalability challenges presented by this inverted speed hierarchy.
Valence quark spin distribution functions

The hyperfine interactions of the constituent quark model provide a natural explanation for many nucleon properties, including the {Delta} - N splitting, the charge radius of the neutron, and the observation that the proton's quark distribution function ratio d(x)/u(x) {r_arrow} 0 as x {r_arrow} 1. The hyperfine-perturbed quark model also makes predictions for the nucleon spin-dependent distribution functions. Precision measurements of the resulting asymmetries A{sub 1}{sup p}(x) and A{sub 1}{sup n}(x) in the valence region can test this model and thereby the hypothesis that the valence quark spin distributions are ''normal''.
Principal stratification and attribution prohibition: good ideas taken too far.

Pearl’s article provides a useful springboard for discussing further the benefits and drawbacks of principal stratification and the associated discomfort with attributing effects to post-treatment variables. The basic insights of the approach are important: pay close attention to modification of treatment effects by variables not observable before treatment decisions are made, and be careful in attributing effects to variables when counterfactuals are ill-defined. These insights have often been taken too far in many areas of application of the approach, including instrumental variables, censoring by death, and surrogate outcomes. A novel finding is that the usual principal stratification estimand in the setting of censoring by death is by itself of little practical value in estimating intervention effects.
The 3-D electrostatic potential surrounding a square array of surface charges

Abstract Simple scaling laws have been derived which relate the 3-D potential to the inter-surfacestate spacing, the field-plate spacing, the dielectric constants of both insulators bordering the interface, and the dimensions x , y , z . This 3-D potential, obtained by using a pair of images and Neumann boundary conditions, contains the usual 1-D potential as the zeroth harmonic in a Fourier series. The 3-D and 1-D potentials give equivalent densities of conduction electrons in an accumulation layer only for a surface state density σ 11 /cm 2 . For higher σ, the 1-D potential seriously underestimates the amount of space charge possible. There is a low saddle point in the 3-D potential configuration which allows surface conduction electrons to transport laterally in the presence of a transverse field.
Three-dimensional maximum-likelihood reconstruction for an electronically collimated single-photon-emission imaging system

A three-dimensional maximum-likelihood reconstruction method is presented for a prototype electronically collimated single-photon-emission system. The electronically collimated system uses a gamma camera fronted by an array of germanium detectors to detect gamma-ray emissions from a distributed radioisotope source. In this paper we demonstrate that optimal iterative three-dimensional reconstruction approaches can be feasibly applied to emission imaging systems that have highly complex spatial sampling patterns and that generate extremely large numbers of data values. A probabilistic factorization of the system matrix that reduces the computation by several orders of magnitude is derived. We demonstrate a dramatic increase in the convergence speed of the expectation maximization algorithm by sequentially iterating over particular subsets of the data. This result is also applicable to other emission imaging systems.
A Culturally Informed Developmental Approach to Understanding Risk and Resiliency Among Native American Youth

Abstract An increasing amount of resources is being allocated by governmental agencies to the study of offending and related social problems among Native Americans. While experienced scholars are well aware of the special challenges and unique opportunities of carrying out research with Native Americans, expanding resources will likely attract others with less experience in this area. This paper provides some suggestions for undertaking extensive research projects on risk and resiliency with Native Americans, including methodological issues and a call for a culturally informed developmental approach.
Observations on the analgesic effects of needle puncture (acupuncture).

Abstract The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the analgesic effect of needle puncture in a small self-selected group of patients with chronic or acute pain, and to examine the factors which determine success or failure of this treatment modality. We have found that in chronic painful conditions, needle puncture may be very effective in producing at least transient analgesia. It also can produce permanent relief of acute (self-limited) pains. Needle puncture was not helpful in the management of pain resulting from nerve damage. High score on psychometric indicators of anxiety and depression is a significant predictor of successful needle puncture analgesia in patients with chronic pain. Comparison of our results to studies of counterirritation indicate that the analgesia produced by needle puncture involves a mechanism similar to that of counterirritation-induced analgesia.
Nuclear pores in ventricular muscle cells from adult hypertrophied hearts.

Abstract Nuclear pores were observed in myocardial cells in both spontaneous and experimentally induced hypertrophy. The ultrastructure of these pores was studied in cross sections and tangential sections of hypertrophied rabbit, hamster and guinea pig heart cells. The morphology was similar to that previously seen in normal cardiac cells and in other cell types. Clusters of nuclear pores were frequently seen, and the closest center-to-center spacing between pores was 1400 A. Annular granules with associated fibrils were observed on both the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic sides of the nuclear envelope. Many of the pores contained granules ∼ 300 A in diameter which sometimes appeared hollow. The presence of large numbers of nuclear pores in hypertrophied cardiac cells supports the hypothesis that transport of material necessary for RNA-mediated protein synthesis may occur through the pores. Furthermore the mature cardiocyte provides an opportunity to study nuclear pore function in nuclei that do not synthesize DNA or divide.
Large-sample inference for a regression model with autocorrelated errors

SUMMARY Based on intermittent observations from several independent regression models with autocorrelated errors, we derive tests of homogeneity, and the maximum likelihood estimate of the common regression parameter. The estimate for the regression parameter is based on aggregated data in the form of sample means at each time point. The limit distributions of the test statistics, and the estimate are considered. Basawa, Billard & Srinivasan (1984) discussed testing the homogeneity of several independent autoregressive processes. They assumed that equally-spaced time series data were available from all the realizations. In many practical situations, however, observa- tions may be missing at some time points, and consequently the sample may consist of intermittent observations from each series. Also, in some cases, only the pooled data in the form of sample means of observations at successive time points may be recorded, these sample means being based on an unequal number of sample sizes at different time points. In the present paper, we first indicate how the tests of homogeneity of Basawa et al. (1984) can be applied to the present situation for testing the equality of regression parameters for several independent regression models with autocorrelated errors. Assum- ing homogeneity, we then consider the estimation of the common regression parameter based on the pooled data of sample means. Section 2 gives a formulation of the basic model and the tests of homogeneity are considered in ? 3. Finally, in ? 4 we study the estimation problem, and discuss the limit distribution. It is possible to extend the results
Pica: current perspectives.

Abstract Although pica is not a frequent disorder and its incidence has declined, it can occur often enough in specific populations. Its diagnosis can be elusive unless the possibility is borne in mind, and it is usually detected when a patient is examined for other reasons. Of particular relevance to psychiatric practice are the cognitive and behavioral difficulties ensuing from the major complication of lead poisoning. Inadequacies in parent-child nurturing may be etiologic in some cases, and some pediatric patients display associated behavioral disorders. Behavioral therapies and psychosocial intervention are major components of treatment.
Cyclic code weight spectra and BIST aliasing

In built-in self-test for logic circuits, test data reduction can be achieved using a linear feedback shift register. The probability that this data reduction will allow a faulty circuit to be declared good is the probability of aliasing. Based on the independent bit-error model, we show that the code spectra for the cyclic code generated by the feedback polynomial can be used to obtain an exact expression for the aliasing probability of a multiple input signature register when the test length is a multiple of the cycle length. Several cases are examined and, as expected, primitive feedback polynomials provide the best performance. Some suggestions to avoid peaks in the aliasing probability are given.
Transplantation of devitalized muscle scaffolds is insufficient for appreciable de novo muscle fiber regeneration after volumetric muscle loss injury

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic and functionally debilitating muscle injury with limited treatment options. Developmental regenerative therapies for the repair of VML typically comprise an ECM scaffold. In this study, we tested if the complete reliance on host cell migration to a devitalized muscle scaffold without myogenic cells is sufficient for de novo muscle fiber regeneration. Devitalized (muscle ECM with no living cells) and, as a positive control, vital minced muscle grafts were transplanted to a VML defect in the tibialis anterior muscle of Lewis rats. Eight weeks post-injury, devitalized grafts did not appreciably promote de novo muscle fiber regeneration within the defect area, and instead remodeled into a fibrotic tissue mass. In contrast, transplantation of vital minced muscle grafts promoted de novo muscle fiber regeneration. Notably, pax7+ cells were absent in remote regions of the defect site repaired with devitalized scaffolds. At 2 weeks post-injury, the devitalized grafts were unable to promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype, while vital grafts appeared to progress to a pro-regenerative inflammatory response. The putative macrophage phenotypes observed in vivo were supported in vitro, in which soluble factors released from vital grafts promoted an M2-like macrophage polarization, whereas devitalized grafts failed to do so. These observations indicate that although the remaining muscle mass serves as a source of myogenic cells in close proximity to the defect site, a devitalized scaffold without myogenic cells is inadequate to appreciably promote de novo muscle fiber regeneration throughout the VML defect.
Parametric rationing methods

Abstract In a rationing problem, a single homogeneous good is allocated among agents with possibly complex characteristics, or types. When types are single positive numbers (agents' claims), Young's theorem says that in the presence of continuity, a method of rationing is consistent and symmetric if and only if it can be represented by a continuous parametric function. This theorem is generalized to all separable type spaces. Related results include a characterization of non-continuous parametric methods and a simple criterion for deciding when a two-agent method can be consistently extended to a multi-agent method. An application to the multi-category bankruptcy problem is described.
The value of dual mating data in estimating genetic parameters.

Summary It is shown that matings between two affected individuals provide important information on the parameters of a single locus model with incomplete penetrance. S.M. was supported by Research Scientist Development award, P.H.S. grants K2-MH-00108, MH- 16674 and MH-25516. K. K. K. was supported in part by P.H.S. grant NS- 11786.
Alterations in high-affinity binding characteristics and levels of opioids in invertebrate ganglia during aging: Evidence for an opioid compensatory mechanism

1. InMytilus andLeucophaea the high-affinity binding site density is significantly lower in old animals than in young animals, whereas the low-affinity site density remains unchanged. 2. InMytilus the estimated met-enkephalin and met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 levels are significantly higher in old than in young animals. InLeucophaea only the met-enkephalin level can be determined, and it is also higher in old animals. 3. The decrease in the high-affinity binding site density and the corresponding increase in endogenous enkephalin levels suggest the existence of an opioid compensatory mechanism associated with the aging process. 4. InMytilus there is a demonstrated decrease with age in intraganglionic dopamine levels in response to applied opiates. In addition, the inhibition of dopaminestimulated adenylate cyclase activity by opiates also decreases in older animals. 5. InLeucophaea the sex difference in opioid binding densities diminishes with age.
Reflections on a White Discipline

Utilizing a partially autobiographical format, this article considers the practice and study of race within geography. I argue that the overwhelmingly white composition of the discipline has very real implications for both individual experiences and our intellectual production and disciplinary culture. I explore these issues by drawing on my own experiences as a Chicana within geography, and by examining the extent to which one area of research, environmental justice, has engaged questions of race and the consequences of that engagement. I conclude with some general remarks on what it might take to significantly diversify geography.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli inhibits butyrate uptake in Caco-2 cells by altering the apical membrane MCT1 level

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), a food-borne human pathogen, is responsible for infantile diarrhea, especially in developing countries. The pathophysiology of EPEC-induced diarrhea, howev...
Pharmacoeconomics of antiviral therapies for Herpes zoster infections.

Herpes zoster is a common problem, particularly in the elderly, that can lead to postherpetic neuralgia – a significant source of suffering and diminished quality of life. Antiviral medications diminish acute and chronic symptoms of zoster, but whether the relatively high cost of these medications is worth their beneficial effects is controversial. This review updates our prior analysis, synthesizing evidence on the clinical features and costs of zoster and its sequellae, as well as the effects of antiviral therapy, using decision analysis techniques. We find antiviral therapy economically reasonable in immunocompetent adults for whom treatment is clinically recommended: severely symptomatic acute zoster in any adult and milder zoster in adults of 50–60 years or older.
Fragmented Images: How Can the Eye See Itself? A Relational and Intersubjective Reformulation of Cross-Cultural Therapy with Cecilia

This article discusses why it is crucial in the cross-cultural clinical encounter to practice from both Jessica Benjamin's intersubjective frame as well as relational theory when the therapist is from the dominant White culture and the client is African American. Intersubjective and relational theories are utilized to illustrate how it is in this clinical situation, however, that some therapists may find themselves avoiding the use of a more relational practice. A case illustration is presented from the lens of Winnicott's theory of object relations to convey the dynamic complexities that may impede a therapist from practicing out of these (more relational) frames and then the case is reconceptualized from both a relational and intersubjective perspective.
Convex/probabilistic models of uncertainties in geometric imperfections of stiffened composite panels

Thin walled stiffened composite panels, which are among the most utilized structural elements in engineering, possess the unfortunate property of being highly sensitive to geometrical imperfections. Existing analysis codes can predict the buckling load of a structure with specified initial imperfections. However, it is impossible to determine the amplitude and shape of imperfections of nonexistent composite panels that are only being designed. This is due to a variety of uncertainties that are involved in fabrication of panels. Due to the very nature of the manufacturing processes, it is hard to imagine that a given process could ever produce two identical panels. Currently, however, rather than analyzing the manufacturing processes that lead to imperfections , panels are typically designed using probabilistic models to account for the uncertainties in imperfections. This paper presents an efficient approach that employs a convex model of the uncertainties in the imperfections. This approach can replace the computationally expensive probabilistic approach typically used in the study of imperfection sensitive structures. Several example problems are solved to show the accuracy of the predictions of the convex model. A Monte Carlo simulation has also been performed to validate the results obtained by the convex model and show the effort and cost reductions obtained by the use of such models.
Gain-based technology mapping for discrete-size cell libraries

In this paper we describe a technology mapping technique based on the logical effort theory by I. Sutherland and R. Sproull (1991). First, we appropriately characterize a given standard cell library and extract from it a set of cell classes. Each cell-class is assigned a constant-delay model and corresponding load-bounds, which define the conditions of the delay model's validity. Next, we perform technology mapping using the classes determined in the first step. We propose several effective area-optimization heuristics which allow us to apply our algorithm directly to general graphs. Experimental results show that our gain-based mapping algorithm achieves reduced delay with less area, compared to the mapper in SIS by E. Sentovich et al. (1992). By adjusting the constant delay model associated with each class, we determine the area-delay trade-off curve. We achieve the best area-delay trade-off using a design-specific constant delay models.
Coding region structural heterogeneity and turnover of transcription start sites contribute to divergence in expression between duplicate genes

Background Gene expression divergence is one manifestation of functional differences between duplicate genes. Although rapid accumulation of expression divergence between duplicate gene copies has been observed, the driving mechanisms behind this phenomenon have not been explored in detail.
Ultrasensitive On-Chip Immunoassays with a Nanoparticle-Assembled Photonic Crystal

Electrophoretic particle entrapment system (EPES) is employed to generate 2D array of nanoparticles coated with biological molecules (i.e., antibodies). Phase matching of the excitation and the emission in the 2D arrays with particles produces a highly enhanced fluorescence signal that was shown to improve the limit of detection in immunoassays. The phase matching is achieved when the particle are in the sub-100 nm range. A comparison between different size particles shows that the sensitivity of an immunoassay is extended to a range that is difficult to achieve with standard technology (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-ELISA). The effectiveness of this novel configuration of particle-in-a-well was demonstrated with an assay for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; breast cancer biomarker), with a detection limit as low as 10 attomolar (aM) in less than 10 μL of serum-based sample. The limit of detection of HER2 indicated far superior assay performance compared to the corresponding stand...
IT Tools Can Help “Harvest” Clinical Case Material From Your PACS

One of the most frustrating things in radiology is trying to find a case you dedicated minutes or sometimes hours of your time to, but forgot to note in a safe place for later retrieval at the time of the interpretation. You know every single detail of the image, you know exactly how you reported the findings, and if you are really lucky, you can even remember the date or the physician who requested it. However, you don’t have what matters. You forgot to collect the single most important piece of information that is key to your quest in the systems we currently have: the unique examination identification number or so-called accession number. If you did not write down the accession number, you may not have noted the medical record number either. If you remember the patient’s name, you may just be able to find it with a little more work. Without any identifiable information, it is close to impossible to go back to that case. Many people just accept the fact that the lectures they were planning to give or the quality assurance sessions they were moderating will now be one example or case short. Others spend a lot of time searching through a stack of potential cases trying to find the right one. We have all seen radiologists try to create personal solutions to the above problem: writing patient and examination identifiers, findings, and differential diagnoses on pieces of paper for later processing; extracting images using USB “memory sticks” during the image interpretation process; or even taking pictures of the patient demographic corner of the image with a mobile phone
The phantom customer and marked customer methods for optimization of closed queueing networks with blocking and general service times

This paper is based on a recent technique called perturbation analysis of discrete event systems. The aims of the paper are two-fold. The first, is to bring this technique, which is still relatively new, to the attention of a wider audience, since the method is particularly relevant to practical systems optimization. The second, is to develop two new methods, the phantom customer method and the marked customer method, as extensions of the perturbation analysis approach. These methods enable efficient and accurate optimization of closed queueing networks with blocking and general service-time distributions. Useful practical applications of these methods would be for optimization of performance of computer systems, communication networks, and automated manufacturing complexes. The accuracy of the methods is illustrated by several numerical examples.
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH ENVIRONMENT ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ALGAE: LIGHT INTENSITY(1) (2).

SUMMARY Measurements were made of growth, pigmentation, photosynthesis, respiration, quinone Hill reaction, cell morphology, and structure as a function of growth light intensity for various algae. These processes showed varying degrees of dependency upon light intensity and are discussed with reference to algal classification. Eighteen algae, examples from 10 taxonomic divisions, were studied.
Strength of Dynamic Stabilizers of the Elbow in Professional Baseball Pitchers Decreases during Baseball Season

Objectives:Injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) are one of the most common and severe incurred by pitchers. Baseball pitchers of all ages and levels have seen an increase in the diagnosi...
Model-based scanning path generation for inspection

Range data acquisition is an important step in industrial inspection using laser scanners. In many cases a CAD model is available at the time of inspection. We present a method for the automatic generation of scanning paths for 3D line laser scanners based on CAD models. Since normally a single scanning pass cannot cover a whole part, a slicing method is developed to divide the surface of a CAD model into a number of sections such that each section can be covered by a single scanning pass. For each section, a path can be generated to follow the surface contour, and the combination of paths for all the sliced sections forms a complete scan of an object. The method has been tested to show that the paths generated can be used to effectively control the laser scanner to follow the contour of the part surface.
Improving service differentiation in IP networks through dual topology routing

The convergence on IP of a wide variety of traffic types has strengthened the need for service differentiation. Service differentiation relies on two equally important components: (i) resource allocation, i.e., what resources does a given service class have access to; and (ii) contention resolution, i.e., how is access to shared resources arbitrated between services classes. The latter has been well studied with numerous mechanisms, e.g., scheduling and buffer management, supporting it in modern routers. In contrast, relatively few studies exist on the former, and in particular on the impact of routing that determines the resources a given service class is assigned to. This is the focus of the paper, which seeks to investigate how routing influences a network's ability to efficiently support different service classes. Of particular interest is the extent to which the ability to route service classes separately is beneficial. This question is explored for a base configuration involving two classes with either similar or entirely different service objectives (cost functions). The paper's contributions are in demonstrating and quantifying the benefits that the added flexibility of different (dual) routing affords, and in developing an efficient heuristic for computing jointly optimal routing solutions. The former can motivate the deployment of newly standardized multi-topology routing (MTR) functionality. The latter is a key enabler for the effective use of such capability.
Promotion and Threshold Singularities in Massive Quantum Electrodynamics

We study the threshold singularities in the $J$ plane for spinor and scalar massive quantum electrodynamics. It is found that they are responsible for the promotion phenomenon discussed recently by Cheng and Wu.
An Examination of the Association between Difficulties with Emotion Regulation and Dating Violence Perpetration

The perpetration of aggression in dating relationships is a prevalent problem among college students. Research that examines factors related to perpetrating dating violence is needed, as this could help guide prevention programming. This study examined how emotion regulation is related to dating violence perpetration among male and female college students (N = 440). Findings showed that the association between broad difficulties with emotion regulation, as well as more specific emotion regulation problems, were associated with dating violence perpetration and could differentiate individuals who had perpetrated and not perpetrated aggression. These findings varied slightly depending on the gender of the perpetrator and the type of aggression examined. Implications of these findings for prevention programs and future research are discussed.
Electronic polarizability of oxygen and various cations in selected triclinic minerals; point-dipole theory

Point-dipole theory is used to calculate the indices of refraction and orientation of the optical indicatrix in selected triclinic minerals: kyanite, wollastonite, schizolite (Mn-rich pectolite), microcline, albite, walstromite (BaCa 2 Si 3 O 9 ), kaolinite, pyrophyllite-1A, talc-1A, and triclinic forms of clinochlore and chloritoid. Electronic polarizabilities for the constituent species (atoms and OH groups) are optimized for the best agreement between observed and calculated optical properties. As many as six electronic polarizabilities can be determined in this way for each mineral. The same cations in symmetrically distinct sites were assigned the same polarizability. Four kinds of oxygen atoms were distinguished according to coordination: bridging oxygen (T-O-T, T = Si or (super [4]) Al), nonbridging oxygen (T-O-X n , X representing a cation other than Si, (super [4]) Al, or H), oxygen not bonded to Si, (super [4]) Al, or H (i.e., O-X n ), and hydroxyl oxygen (H-O-X n ). The calculations show that the electronic polarizability of an atom (or OH group) depends on the local structural setting, i.e., polarizabilities are site-specific. Electronic polarizabilities are not readily transferable and therefore not strictly additive.
Yoga under the Mughals: From Practice to Paintings

Although yoga is now India’s greatest global commodity, it has been practiced on the subcontinent for over two thousand years. This paper looks at a small, yet significant moment in its long, fluid history. It examines how yoga developed into a religious practice that then hardened into the customs and culture of Hindu ascetics (sadhus). When the Mughals, who comprised India’s greatest Islamic empire, came to power, yoga’s two main traditions, ancient and Tantric, began to evolve into the ascetic orders of the Daśanāmī Samnyāsīs, the Nāths, and eventually the Rāmānandīs. The Mughals, like their Islamic predecessors (who will also briefly be discussed in this paper), were fascinated by yoga and its proclaimed possibilities, from its ultimate goal of obtaining enlightenment to even more powerful abilities, such as gaining dominion of the highest gods. Emperors Akbar (r. 1556-1605), Jahangir (r. 1605-1627), and Shah Jahan (r. 1627-1658) not only called for Persian translations of Sanskrit works on yoga, but ...
Laser-plasma-based linear collider using hollow plasma channels

A linear electron–positron collider based on laser-plasma accelerators using hollow plasma channels is considered. Laser propagation and energy depletion in the hollow channel is discussed, as well as the overall efficiency of the laser-plasma accelerator. Example parameters are presented for a 1-TeV and 3-TeV center-of-mass collider based on laser-plasma accelerators.
Perceived stress and telomere length: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and methodologic considerations for advancing the field.

Abstract Importance Psychological stress contributes to numerous diseases and may do so in part through damage to telomeres, protective non-coding segments on the ends of chromosomes. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between self-reported, perceived psychological stress (PS) and telomere length (TL). Data sources We searched 3 databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus), completed manual searches of published and unpublished studies, and contacted all study authors to obtain potentially relevant data. Study selection Two independent reviewers assessed studies for original research measuring (but not necessarily reporting the correlation between) PS and TL in human subjects. 23 studies met inclusion criteria; 22 (totaling 8948 subjects) could be meta-analyzed. Data extraction and synthesis We assessed study quality using modified MINORS criteria. Since not all included studies reported PS–TL correlations, we obtained them via direct calculation from author-provided data (7 studies), contact with authors (14 studies), or extraction from the published article (1 study). Main outcomes and measures We conducted random-effects meta-analysis on our primary outcome, the age-adjusted PS–TL correlation. We investigated potential confounders and moderators (sex, life stress exposure, and PS measure validation) via post hoc subset analyses and meta-regression. Results Increased PS was associated with a very small decrease in TL (n = 8724 total; r = −0.06; 95% CI: −0.10, −0.008; p = 0.01; α = 0.025), adjusting for age. This relationship was similar between sexes and within studies using validated measures of PS, and marginally (nonsignificantly) stronger among samples recruited for stress exposure (r = −0.13; vs. general samples: b = −0.11; 95% CI: −0.27, 0.01; p = 0.05; α = 0.013). Publication bias may exist; correcting for its effects attenuated the relationship. Conclusions and relevance Our analysis finds a very small, statistically significant relationship between increased PS (as measured over the past month) and decreased TL that may reflect publication bias, although fully parsing the effects of publication bias from other sample-size correlates is challenging, as discussed. The association may be stronger with known major stressors and is similar in magnitude to that noted between obesity and TL. All included studies used single measures of short-term stress; the literature suggests long-term chronic stress may have a larger cumulative effect. Future research should assess for potential confounders and use longitudinal, multidimensional models of stress.
A Review of Analytical Methods for Solid Rocket Motor Grain Analysis

Analytical methods for solid rocket motor grain design are proving to be tremendously beneficial to some recent efforts to optimize solid-rocket propelled missiles. The analytical approach has fallen out of favor in recent decades; however, for some classes of grains, the analytical methods are much more efficient than grid-based techniques. This paper provides a review of analytical methods for calculating burn area and port area for a variety of cylindrically perforated solid rocket motor grains. The equations for the star, long spoke wagon wheel, and dendrite grains are summarized and the development of the burn-back equations for the short spoke wagon wheel and the truncated star configurations are included. This set of geometries and combinations of these geometries represent a very wide range of possibilities for two-dimensional grain design. Introduction In many practical solid rocket motor design efforts, final geometric designs for grains are arrived at using numerical layering techniques. This process is geometrically versatile and imminently practical for cases in which small numbers of final geometries are to be considered. However, for a grain design optimization process in which large numbers of grain configurations are to be considered, generating grids for each candidate design is often prohibitive. For such optimization processes, analytical developments of burn perimeter and port area for two-dimensional grains are critically important. Most modern texts on solid rocket propulsion do not provide geometric details for grain design. This paper will offer a review of analytical methods for determining burn area and port area as a function of burn distance for a selection of common grain designs. Analytical developments for solid rocket motor grains were much more prevalent in the decades before widespread use of microcomputers. A summary of one version of the burn back equations for the star grain and for part of one type of wagon wheel can be found in Barrere. Analytical methods have also been developed for the truncated star and for the dendrite. Other potential grain configurations are described in NASA publications but very few geometric details are given in such publications. 1 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit 20-23 July 2003, Huntsville, Alabama AIAA 2003-4506 Copyright © 2003 by Roy Hartfield. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Star Grain Geometry Grain geometries are generally described using lengths and angles defined in the cross section. A sample burn back diagram is shown in Figure 1 and the geometric definition diagram for the familiar star grain geometry is shown in Figure 2. Since some of the geometric equations for the burn perimeter and port area for the star grain have been developed and published, only a summary of this geometry is included here. Figure.1 Sample Star Grain Figure 2. Star Grain Geometry The geometric relationship between the two primary angles in the geometry definition can be written as:
Defining "patient-centered medicine".

What is the proper relation between a scientific understanding of disease and the subjective phenomenon of being sick? Between the subspecialist and the general physician? Between cure and care? “Patient-centered medicine” is the newest salvo in these debates.
Low Temperature Silicon Dioxide Thin Films Deposited Using Tetramethylsilane for Stress Control and Coverage Applications

Low temperature silicon dioxide thin films have been prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the silicon precursor at 100- 200°C in the pressure range of 2- 8 Torr. PECVD TMS oxide thin films deposited at these temperatures and pressures exhibit adjustable stress. The type of stress, including tensile stress, zero stress, and compressive stress, as well as the stress level can be tailored as desired by changing the deposition conditions and film thickness. In addition, the conformality of PECVD TMS oxide thin films varies significantly with the deposition conditions. It improves when the deposition pressure is raised and the substrate temperature is reduced. The mechanisms for the variations of stress and conformality with respect to deposition conditions are discussed in this study. The adjustable stress and conformality of the PECVD TMS oxide make it a promising material for many low temperature applications, such as inter-level dielectric, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMs), microfabrication, and large area electronics.
Study on the safety of instant asparagus powder

Objective:To study the safety of the instant asparagus powder.Methods:The mice were fed with the different doses of instant asparagus powder(1.25,2.50,5.00g/kg)for 30d,and observed the indexes of the test.Results:After 30 day fed with the dose of 1.25,2.50,5.00g/kg,the mice weight,the food utilization rate,the regular and biochemical indexes,the viscera weight and viscera/body weight had no significant difference(p0.05),and the histopathology side enunciated had no pathologic variety.Conclusion:These mice fed instant asparagus powder for 30d had no obvious effect.Therefore,it was safe and reliable as food.
Research of Road Traffic Control Developing Tendency

Fallowing as citization processing speeding and Auto popularition, traffic crowd aggravated,traffic event takes place frequently, traffic environment get worse.traffic problem have been the problem of disturbing all of world.Worsen of traffic cosmos have effected morden city construction and development of national economic.facing the trallenge of contradiction of traffic provesion and require, shortage of traffic management equipment technology backwordness and mass traffic serious,we must depend on strategy policy of sience strenthen traffic,developing traffic auto-control technology,using high technology method to sustain traffic security and fluency. This thesis expand road traffic development situation, and put forword situation of road traffic control development tendency according to analysis.
Flashlamp pumping of Nd:glass

We have determined the instantaneous pumping efficiency of Nd:glass by Xe flashlamps from spectral data over a wide range of input energies and flashlamp bore diameters. Assuming all emitted photons pass through the glass once, the instantaneous pumping efficiency (Plaser/Plamp) is as large as 16% for conditions of interest. Our spectral data are sufficiently detailed to be useful in predicting the pumping efficiency of other solid-state laser media by Xe flashlamps.
Oblique transseptal left atriotomy for optimal mitral exposure

Twenty patients underwent mitral valve replacement or other surgical procedures within the left atrium with Dubost's transseptal left atriotomy. The left atrium was grossly enlarged in six patients. Exposure was considered to be excellent in 13 patients and poor in only two. One patient (with a second aortic and mitral valve replacement) required a permanent pacemaker after operation, none had a residual shunt at the atrial level, and none required reoperation for bleeding. The Dubost transseptal left atriotomy affords excellent exposure of left atrial structures, is easy to close, and does not increase the prevalence of postoperative rhythm disturbances. (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:282—6)
Colistin Resistance mcr-1-Gene-Bearing Escherichia coli Strain from the United States

ABSTRACT Transmissible colistin resistance in the form of an mcr-1-gene-bearing plasmid has been recently reported in Enterobacteriaceae in several parts of the world. We report here the completed genome sequence of an Escherichia coli strain isolated from swine in the United States that carried the mcr-1 gene on an IncI2-type plasmid.
Pharmacy students' use and perceptions of Apple mobile devices incorporated into a basic health science laboratory.

Abstract Objective To describe pharmacy students' use of mobile devices in a basic health science laboratory and to report the students' perceptions on how solving cases with their mobile devices influenced their attitudes, abilities, and view on the use of mobile devices as tools for pharmacists. Methods First-year pharmacy students utilized mobile devices to solve clinical case studies in a basic health sciences laboratory. A pre-survey and two post-surveys were administered to assess the students' comfort, awareness, use, and perceptions on the use of their mobile devices and apps. Results The pre-survey and first post-survey each had a response rate of 99%, and the second post-survey had a response rate of 100%. In comparing the pre-survey and first post-survey data, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of students that agreed or strongly agreed that they were more comfortable utilizing their mobile device ( p = 0.025), they were more aware of apps for pharmacists ( p p Conclusions The use of mobile devices to solve clinical cases in a first-year basic health science laboratory course was perceived as beneficial by students and influenced them to utilize their mobile device even more in a pharmacy practice setting.
Pedagogical Methods—The Computer Game as a Beginning, Not an Ending

(1975). Pedagogical Methods—The Computer Game as a Beginning, Not an Ending. The Journal of Data Education: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 9-26.
Influence of CT acquisition and reconstruction parameters on radiomic feature reproducibility.

High-dimensional imaging features extracted from diagnostic imaging, called radiomics, are increasingly reported for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. Establishing the sensitivity of radiomic features to variation in scan protocols is necessary because acquisition and reconstruction parameters can vary widely across and within institutions. Our objective was to assess the reproducibility of radiomic features derived from computed tomography (CT) images by varying tube current (mA), noise index, and reconstruction [adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR)], parameters increasingly varied by institutions seeking to reduce radiation dose in their patients. We extracted radiomic features from CT images of a uniform water phantom, anthropomorphic phantom, and a human scan. Scans were acquired from the phantoms with six tube currents (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mA) and five noise index levels (12, 14, 16, 18, and 20), respectively. Scans of the phantoms and patient were reconstructed from 0% ASiR (i.e., filtered back projection) to 100% ASiR in increments of 10%. Two hundred and forty-eight well-known radiomic features were extracted from all scans. The concordance correlation coefficient was used to assess agreement of features. Our analysis suggests that image acquisition parameters (tube current, noise index) as well as the reconstruction technique strongly influence radiomic feature reproducibility and demonstrate a subset of reproducible features potentially usable in clinical practice.
Male Infertility as a Marker of Future Health

There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that patients with male factor infertility may have overall poorer health status than their fertile counterparts and that infertility may be a marker of future health risks. Men who are diagnosed with infertility appear to have a higher risk of developing depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Risks of specific malignancies such as testicular germ cell tumors, prostate cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma also appear to be elevated in infertile men. The relationship between male infertility and overall health is complex, and it is likely that multiple factors play a role in the development of subsequent health issues in infertile men. Underlying genetic or epigenetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, and environmental factors have been proposed as possible explanations for recognized associations between infertility and specific disease processes. If clear associations between male factor infertility and comorbidities can be identified, appropriate counseling and treatment can be provided to at-risk men.
The Korean Banking Crisis: Picking up the Pieces

As is well known, the industrial policy of the Korean government during the 1970s gave rise to the chaebol groups, i.e., large family controlled industrial conglomerates. These companies, unlike traditional Korean companies, focused on the production and export of products in heavy industries such as industrial machinery, electronics, chemicals, autos, and shipbuilding. During this time, Korean commercial banks were instructed to allow easy credit access (at favorable loans rates) to the firms in these industries. This policy required additional sources of funding that the existing commercial banks were unable to meet. Subsequently, the government established specialized banks to fill the gap. Toward the latter part of the 1970s, policy loans, i.e., loans which supported government programs and aimed primarily at the chaebol companies, accounted for nearly eighty percent of domestic credit extended during that period. During this same period, tightly regulated non-bank financial institutions were introduced into the economy in an effort to diversify financing sources and to attract funds into the organized market. The development strategy bolstered the expansion of existing firms into targeted sectors through preferential access to bank credit at below-market rates. These firms not only expanded rapidly into many areas of specialization but also into many which were not explicitly targeted by government policy.