cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International joint ventures in the United States: An examination of factors related to their effectiveness

The increasing popularity of international joint ventures (IJVs) and their high failure rate prompted this examination of pre- and postincorporation factors related to IJV effectiveness. Interviews with IJV CEOs, and the findings from a questionnaire administered to CEOs of 81 IJVs in the United States, suggest which pre- and postincorporation factors can be important to IJVs' effectiveness. Why these factors are important, and how they interact with other factors in the general context of IJV experiences are also explored in this article. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy absorption in cold inhomogeneous plasmas: the Herlofson paradox †

Confirmation of Barston's (1964) conclusions regarding the underlying mechanism of the Herlofson paradox by examining in detail several analytically tractable cases of delta-function and sinusoidal excitation. The effects of collisions and nonzero electron temperature in determining the steady state fields and dissipation are considered. Energy absorption without dissipation in plasmas is shown to be analogous to that occurring after application of a signal to a network of lossless resonant circuits. This analogy is pursued and is extended to cover Landau damping in a warm homogeneous plasma in which the resonating elements are the electron streams making up the velocity distribution. Some of the practical consequences of resonant absorption are discussed, together with a number of paradoxical plasma phenomena which can also be elucidated by considering a superposition of normal modes rather than a single Fourier component.
HOW COVERAGE OF DEATH SENTENCES VARY: A STUDY OF TWO OHIO NEWSPAPERS

Research on media coverage of crime and justice issues tends to examine the effects of this coverage on public opinion, fear of crime,and other attitudes. Coverage of the death penalty, particularly executions, is a popular topic among researchers, who wish to examinewhether deterrence is achieved when media outlets cover executions in the news, The current study examines an underlying, and perhaps overlooked, aspect of this previous research-how consistent is media coverage of these issues? By examining coverage of death sentences, not executions, in two Ohio newspapers, the current study illustratesthat coverage of certain crimes-rimes that result in a death sentence-is not similar both between the newspapers and within each newspaper itself: It is argued that conclusions about public attitudes toward crime and justice issues must be tempered by the fact that media coverage of crime, even specific types of crime, is not created equal
Effects of subject and rater characteristics on the accuracy of visual analysis of single subject data

The accuracy of interpretation of single subject data was evaluated by comparing raters' visual analysis of behavior change with statistical determination of behavior change using the split-middle methods of trend estimation. In addition, the effects of rater background (undergraduate, graduate student) and characteristics of the fictitious student (gender, label) on the ratings were determined. Results indicated that the accuracy of visual analysis was less than chance (47%). Rater and student characteristics, for the most part, did not affect the ratings. Implications of these results are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The transient response of strained laminar-premixed flames

Abstract Modeling and simulation of turbulent combustion in premixed gases, for relatively large-scale and low-intensity turbulence, have traditionally been based on the assumption that the flame response to strain is instantaneous. In this paper, we revisit the validity of this assumption by examining the time-dependent response of a premixed laminar flame when subjected to a sudden change in strain and a periodic strain. We find that at unity Lewis number and for a stepwise increase in strain, the settling time of the flame varies between the chemical time, the flame time and the flow time as the Karlovitz number changes from low to intermediate to high Karlovitz numbers and over the entire range of flame temperatures. For given Lewis and Karlovitz numbers, the settling time decreases as the flame temperature increases. Thus, in a flamelet or thin flame modeling, and over the entire range of Lewis number, the response of a premixed flame can be considered instantaneous only for high flame temperatures. The same is found to be true for intermediate flame temperatures when the Lewis number is unity. Otherwise, for low and intermediate flame temperatures, and nonunity Lewis numbers, corrections reflecting the lag between the flow and the flame should be considered. The response of the flame to oscillating strains whose maximum value is below unity Karlovitz number is also investigated for two values of the flame temperatures. It is found that the average burning velocity is close to the burning velocity at the average strain. For low frequency oscillations, the phase shift between the strain and the burning velocity is close to 0 for L e L e ≥ 1. For high frequency oscillating strains, and over the entire range of Lewis number and flame temperature, the phase shift is of order of 140°.
Marital and Family Therapy Certification and Licensing Examinations: One Model.

The design of the North Carolina Marital and Family Therapy Certification Examination is outlined by its authors to provide a frame of reference for the development of other licensing and certification instruments. The purpose, procedures, resources, guidelines, content, and normative data of the examination are described. The model is offered to stimulate meaningful dialogue on marital and family therapy licensing and certification instrumentation. Guidelines toward the development of a national marital and family therapy examination are also presented.
Likability, Sex-role Congruence of Interest, and Competence: It All Depends on How You Ask1

Subjects were shown one of four videotaped versions of a male or female stimulus person (SP) being interviewed, the SP' s being Competent or Incompetent and Masculine or Feminine in their interests. All S s were asked to rate the SPs' likability on an objective questionnaire, those in one condition (Standard) immediately after viewing the tape, and in another (Projective) after first having responded to a series of open-ended, TAT-like questions about the SP. In the Standard condition, the major results were two highly significant effects-Competent SP s were liked better than Incompetent ones, and the Masculine Competent SP s more than their feminine counterparts. Several changes occurred in the Projective condition. Only profeminist women continued to prefer the Masculine Competent female SP to the Feminine Competent, the other group reversing their ratings. In response to the male SP s, profeminist males in the Projective condition preferred both Masculine SP s to the Feminine ones and, in comparison with other groups, exhibited a reduced competency effect.
Oil production by entrained flow pyrolysis of biomass

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to optimize the production of oil from biomass using entrained flow pyrolysis. Recent small-scale research efforts at Georgia Institute of Technology and other laboratories have indicated that high oil yields can be obtained in entrained flow pyrolysis of wood. A process research unit (PRU) has been designed and constructed with a nominal operating feed rate of 56·7 kg h−1. The PRU has been operated satisfactorily with oak feedstock. A mass balance enclosure of 96·8% was obtained in one experimental run in which the mass oil yield was 36·4%, which corresponds to a thermal yield of 40·7% based on the heating value of wood feed. A mass oil yield of 41·3% was obtained in a subsequent experiment. The research is ongoing with emphasis on determining the conditions for optimum oil production in entrained flow pyrolysis of biomass.
Pharmacokinetics (Pk) of Zidovudine (ZDV) in Infants: A Population Analysis Across Studies ♦ 881

Pharmacokinetics (Pk) of Zidovudine (ZDV) in Infants: A Population Analysis Across Studies ♦ 881
Modeling tokamak discharges with current holes

Tokamaks with current holes [T.S. Taylor, et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 43 (1998) 1783; N.C. Hawkes, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 115001; T. Fujita, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 245001] are interesting, in part, because discharges with true current holes do not consume poloidal flux. The modeling of this Letter suggests that under steady-state conditions their currents may be driven by radial flow of plasma resulting from neutral beam injection.
What is the role of angiogenesis in metastasis from cutaneous melanoma

BRESLOW first proposed in 1970 that a cutaneous melanoma with a thickness of less than 0.76 mm was associated with low metastatic rate and high curability [ 11. The paper raised two questions in the minds of oncologists: (i) Would such a sharp breakpoint continue to hold up, or would its range and standard deviation gradually increase as subsequent authors reported their experiences? (ii) Why should a minute change of tumor thickness be responsible for such a sharp delineation between low and high metastatic rate? The first question generated clinical studies from melanoma centers throughout the world. More than a decade-and-a-half later, it is clear that Breslow’s prediction has stood the test of time. Tumor thickness remains the single most important indicator of prognosis in patients with cutaneous melanoma of the nodular or superficial spreading type [2]. Also, a thickness of 0.76 mm or less continues to correlate with the lowest metastatic rate, occasional proposals to modify this measurement notwithstanding [3]. The second question remained an enigma until the mid-1970’s when experiments by Folkman and his associates demonstrated that tumors begin their growth in an avascular (or prevascular) phase followed by a vascular phase in which further tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent [4]. In the avascular phase, growth is restricted because nutrients and catabolites can be exchanged only by simple diffusion with the existing capillary bed. In contrast, once a tumor is vascularized by new
Village division in lowland South America: The case of the Bakairí Indians of central Brazil

A Brazilian Indian village divided into several settlements during the 1980s. In this article, the political ecology approach is used to account for the process whereby this occurred. Data on ecology, subsistence practices, demography, and regional dynamics are presented. Analysis of results explores the articulation between shifts in population levels both in the region and in the Indian reservation, on one hand, with environmental stresses on reservation resources. The effects on national economic development programs on the regional and local levels are also discussed. The relationship between these policies and programs, on one hand, and alterations in local production systems are made explicit.
System Complexity-Based ab initio Antenna Verification Methodology

Fundamental limitation of approaching the plasma-charging-induced-damage (antenna effect) problem from an “antenna-ratio” perspective is highlighted through this paper. Widely used constant-antenna-ratio rule ensures uniform voltage buildup across different components on the chip. However, as the fail fractions of discrete transistors are dependent on voltage, as well as Poisson defect distribution statistics, the traditional method automatically means different fail fractions for different components, potentially leading into a situation of uncontrolled system reliability. We present a method to derive antenna verification rules from the first principles, originating from constant component-fail-fraction, which naturally lends the flexibility of incorporating system complexity. With the new methodology, antenna rules for a smaller design could be much relaxed, as compared to a large design.
PATCH SHAPE, CONNECTIVITY, AND FORAGING BY OLDFIELD MICE (PEROMYSCUS POLIONOTUS)

We examined how corridors and patch shape affect foraging by the oldfield mouse (Peromyscus polionotus )b y deploying foraging trays and live traps in experimental landscapes with 3 different patch types: patches connected with a corridor, unconnected patches with projecting corridorlike portions (‘‘winged’’ patches), and unconnected rectangular patches. Corridors did not lead to different levels of activity of P. polionotus among the 3 patch types. Rather, corridors influenced activity by changing patch shape: foraging in seed trays and total number of captures of P. polionotus tended to be greater at the patch center than at the patch edge, but only in connected and winged patches where corridors or wings increased the amount of patch edge relative to the amount of core habitat in the patch. P. polionotus avoided open microhabitats near the patch edge in winged and connected patches, but not open microhabitats near the patch interior, suggesting that predation risk caused shifts in foraging near edges in connected and winged patches. Foraging in corridors and wings was generally low, suggesting that both are high-risk habitats where predation risk is not ameliorated by proximity to vegetative cover. By changing patch shape, corridors caused changes in within-patch activity of P. polionotus, changing foraging patterns and potentially altering the dynamics of P. polionotus and the seeds they consume.
Gastrin Receptor Expression during Azaserine-Induced Rat Pancreatic Carcinogenesis

Abstract The hormone gastrin is thought to stimulate the growth of certain pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. We have previously detected the presence of the gastrin receptor in rat pancreatic carcinoma cell lines but not in normal rat pancreas. We had not, however, previously demonstrated that gastrin receptor is expressed in pancreatic carcinomas developing in the ratin vivo.Therefore, in the present study, we examined rat pancreatic tissue at various stages in azaserine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis for gastrin binding and for the presence of gastrin receptor mRNA to determine the temporal expression pattern of the gastrin receptor during thein vivodevelopment of pancreatic cancer. Autoradiography of pancreatic tissue using125I-gastrin-17-I from all azaserine-treated and control animals at 2, 4, 8, and 12 months of age demonstrated no specific gastrin binding. At 18 months of age, normal pancreas, azaserine-induced premalignant pancreatic nodules, and internodular pancreas demonstrated no specific gastrin binding. One of three azaserine-treated animals developed an area of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma at 18 months of age which exhibited significant specific gastrin binding of 141.8 ± 32.8 fmole/gm of tissue. Southern blot analysis of pancreatic RNA isolated from animals at 12 months of age revealed no gastrin receptor mRNA; however, by 18 months of age, gastrin receptor mRNA was present in all azaserine-treated animals but absent in control animals. In summary, specific gastrin binding is present inin vivoazaserine-induced pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma but absent in normal pancreas and azaserine-induced premalignant pancreatic nodules. Gastrin receptor mRNA is first expressed in azaserine-treated rat pancreas at some point between 12 and 18 months of age. These results demonstrate that expression of gastrin receptor is altered in azaserine-treated rat pancreas and may play a role in the development of pancreatic cancer.
Numerical analysis of certain contact problems in elasticity with non-classical friction laws

Abstract An algorithm for the numerical analysis of a highly nonlinear variational inequality encountered in the study of contact problems with non-classical friction laws is described. Numerical results obtained for a representative example problem are given.
Seven Bowls of Wrath: The Ecological Relevance of Revelation:

Catastrophic effects of climate change invite comparisons with the “plagues” or wounds of the earth described in chapters 15 and 16 of the Book of Revelation. The seven Bowls of Wrath can be interp...
Identification of defensin binding to C1 complement

Abstract In human serum we found strong defensin binding to the complexes of activated C1 complement (C 1 ) and C1 inhibitor (C1i). Purified C1q, activated C1 tetramer ( r 2 s 2) and C1i did not bind defensin. When ( r 2 s 2) was dissociated by EDTA, only the activated C1s (C 1 s) bound defensin. Binding of defensins to C 1 complement represents a newly recognized bridge between the complement- and phagocyte-mediated host defenses, and a potential mechanism for protecting infected tissue from cytotoxic injury by defensin.
Benefit segmentation in industrial markets

Abstract This article investigates whether or not traditional bases of industrial segmentation, such as SIC codes and company size, produce segments that are homogeneous within and heterogeneous between with respect to benefits sought. The study is applied to the acquisition of nonintelligent data terminals. We discovered that the traditional bases do not yield segments that seek significantly different dimensions. Alternatively, a benefit segmentation approach is demonstrated that results in segments substantially different from the traditional approach.
Hawala and Other Informal Value Transfer Systems: How to Regulate Them?

Since the September 2001 attacks in the USA, ‘terrorism’ has leapt to the top of the Western political agenda. Within this context, as soon as the word ‘hawala’, in particular, was uttered in Congress, lawmakers, policy think-tanks and the media turned their attention to what they defined as a financial tool for terrorism. This knee-jerk response to hawala may have serious effects on age-old methods employed by Asian expatriates remitting funds to their families. Thus it is important to understand some of the basic facts about hawala: who are the clients, how much they are charged, why they do not use banks, the settlement processes involved, the division of labor, and so on. This paper offers a summary of the mechanics and settlement processes in hawala networks. It concludes with some policy implications.
Modern pollen-rain data from South and Central America: a test of the feasibility of fine-resolution lowland tropical palynology

Modern pollen rain data from a suite of sites in lowland South and Central America are analysed by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and are shown to have discernible characteristics for major vegetation types: varzea, igapo, semi-deciduous, cerrado and terra firme forest. Data analysis demonstrates the potential for detailed palaeoclimatic reconstructions of lowland tropical environments, but also demonstrates the danger of making generalizations about palaeoecosystems based on few palaeoecological records.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata

Ceratocystis fimbriata is a serious fungal pathogen on a wide range of plants, but many cryptic species within C. fimbriata are apparently host-specialized. Anchor polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) enriched libraries were used to develop 16 microsatellite markers for C. fimbriata. All markers were polymorphic when tested against isolates from four host-specialized lineages of the pathogen. These markers will be valuable for phylogenetic and population genetic studies, as well as for tracking accidental introductions of host-specialized forms of the pathogen.
Containment and Circumscribing Simplices

The following containment theorem is presented: If K and L are convex bodies such that every simplex that contains L also contains some translate of K , then in fact the body L must contain a translate of the body K . One immediate consequence of this theorem is a strengthened version of Weil's mixed-volume characterization of containment.
Field experience with a new sub-bottom investigation tool: Acoustic 3-D imaging of the sub-seabed

A new means to interrogate and image the sub-seabed has been developed comprising a conventional linear hydrophone array (beamforming) together with Inertial Navigation System (INS) stabilized Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) processing. The system, called the Sub-Bottom Imager, completed its first commercial work during 2011 in decommissioning, high voltage DC (HVDC) cable surveying, and marine archaeology applications with unprecedented results.
Radiogenomics predicting tumor responses to radiotherapy in lung cancer.

The recently developed ability to interrogate genome-wide data arrays has provided invaluable insights into the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer. These data have also provided information for developing targeted therapy in lung cancer patients based on the identification of cancer-specific vulnerabilities and set the stage for molecular biomarkers that provide information on clinical outcome and response to treatment. In addition, there are now large panels of lung cancer cell lines, both non–small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, that have distinct chemotherapy and radiation response phenotypes. We anticipate that the integration of molecular data with therapy response data will allow for the generation of biomarker signatures that predict response to therapy. These signatures will need to be validated in clinical studies, at first retrospective analyses and then prospective clinical trials, to show that the use of these biomarkers can aid in predicting patient outcomes (eg, in the case of radiation therapy for local control and survival). This review highlights recent advances in molecular profiling of tumor responses to radiotherapy and identifies challenges and opportunities in developing molecular biomarker signatures for predicting radiation response for individual patients with lung cancer.
Living and stereoselective polymerization of [2.2]‐paracyclophan‐2‐ENE derivatives

Paracyclophene based monomers can be polymerized in a living fashion using the alkylidene initiator Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(OCMe(CF3)2)2. The cis-specific nature of the polymerization is critical, since small amounts of trans olefin in the backbone renders the material insoluble. These polymers have complex photophysical behavior, probably a consequence of the close proximity of chromophores along the polymer backbone. Polymerization of 9-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-[2.2]-paracyclophan-1-ene produces a new precursor material which furnishes PPV under remarkably mild conditions.
Should biological evidence or DNA be retained by forensic science laboratories after profiling? No, except under narrow legislatively-stipulated conditions.

DNA profiling and databasing are now commonplace. A body of state and federal legislation enables the establishment and operation of profile databases for law-enforcement purposes. Enabling legislation is usually specific about who, or what evidence, may be profiled for a database. It may be less specific or silent on the issue of specimen retention following profiling and databasing.
‘Missed’ inhaled foreign body in an adult

fast bacilli or fungi, but showed light growth of Klebsiella and Proteus species. Transbronchial biopsies from the involved segment showed organizing pneumonia with no evidence of malignancy or granuloma. Following bronchoscopy the patient received 3 weeks of oral cefaclor without improvement. A repeat CT scan performed 12 months later suggested a progression of the lesion with new satellite nodules adjacent to the area of consolidation. The chronicity of the patient's symptoms, lack of response to antibiotics, failure to diagnose by bronchoscopy, and the suggestion of progression of CT scan prompted a diagnostic thoracotomy. At surgery the left lower lobe was noted to be adherent to the diaphragm. These adhesions were lysed and the lobe was mobilized revealing a dense consolidation with surrounding nodules and a foreign body which was protruding through the visceral pleura. The foreign body was extracted through the visceral pleura and identified as a leaf measuring 6 cm in length and rolled on its long axis (Plate 3). A segmental resection of the consolidated segment was performed. The surrounding lung showed organizing pneumonia with focal abcess formation, fibrosis, and calcification. Chronic inflammation was evident in the overlying pleura. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged without complications. Subsequent discussions with the patient led him to recall emerging from shrubbery with a choking sensation and cough after assault 2 1/2 years previously. He admitted to drinking alcohol prior to the incident. We suspect that aspiration of the leaf occurred at that time.
Paraplegia after extensive thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: does critical spinal cord ischemia occur postoperatively?

Objective Spinal cord injury can occur not only during extensive thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair but also postoperatively, causing delayed-onset paraplegia. Methods A series of 858 thoracoabdominal aneurysm repairs (June 1990–June 2006) with an overall paraplegia rate of 2.7% was analyzed retrospectively. Serial segmental artery sacrifice was monitored by using somatosensory evoked potentials; segmental arteries were not reimplanted. Of a total of 20 cases of paraplegia, 3 occurred intraoperatively and 7 occurred late postoperatively: these will not be analyzed further. In 10 cases (the paraplegia group) spinal cord injury occurred within 48 hours after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair, despite intact somatosensory evoked potentials at the end of the procedure. These patients with early postoperative delayed paraplegia were compared with 10 matched control subjects who recovered without spinal cord injury. Results In the paraplegia group a median of 9 segmental arteries (range, 5–12 segmental arteries) were sacrificed. There were 9 male subjects: median age was 63 years (range, 40–79 years), and 4 of 10 had cerebrospinal fluid drainage. A median of 9 segmental arteries (range, 2–12 segmental arteries) were also sacrificed in the matched recovery group. There were 4 male subjects; median age was 66 years (range, 40–78 years), and 8 of 10 had cerebrospinal fluid drainage. During the first 48 hours postoperatively, there were no significant differences in arterial and mixed venous oxygen saturation, partial arterial O 2 and CO 2 pressures, body temperature, glucose, hematocrit, or pH. The mean central venous pressures, however, were significantly higher in the paraplegic patients from 1 to 5 hours postoperatively ( P = .03). In addition, although absolute mean aortic pressures did not differ between matched pairs postoperatively, when pressures were considered as a percentage of individual antecedent preoperative mean aortic pressure, paraplegic patients had significantly lower values during the first 5 hours postoperatively ( P = .03). Conclusions This study suggests that paraplegia can result from inadequate postoperative spinal cord perfusion caused by relatively minor differences from control subjects in perfusion parameters. Delayed paraplegia can perhaps be prevented with better hemodynamic and fluid management.
Modeling thermal emission in dental enamel induced by 9–11 μm laser light

Abstract Modeling the energy redistribution of laser radiation incident on biological tissue relies on the accurate determination of the optical properties of the tissue. Dental enamel has high absorption coefficients in the 9–10 μ m range and therefore conventional transmission experiments cannot be used to determine these coefficients. One method that is useful for determining optical and thermal properties is time-resolved photothermal radiometry. Enamel was irradiated at fluences up to 2 J/cm 2 with 9.3 μ m, 9.6 μ m, 10.3 μ m, and 10.6 μ m light from a CO 2 laser with a pulse duration of approximately 100 μ s. Estimations of the absorption coefficients of the materials were conducted at these wavelengths by introducing the absorption coefficient and emission coefficient of the material as a variable in a one dimensional heat conduction model. The model estimates the surface and subsurface temperature increase in a material due to laser heating based on the material's thermal and optical properties. Using this method, absorption coefficients for enamel are determined to be approximately 800 cm −1 for 10.6 μ m, 1150 cm −1 for 10.3 μ m light and 5000+ cm −1 for 9.3 and 9.6 μ m light. The investigations considered the dependence upon the spectral properties of the region selected for detection which affect both the maximum value and the temporal evolution of the thermal emission. The real emissivity can lead to errors in the temperature measurements when the detected energy comes from a broad region of the spectrum where the emissivity is not constant. This study helps determine values for parameters used in models that predict subsurface temperature rise or ablation thresholds. It is a key step in determining the mechanism of ablation of dental enamel using lasers with wavelengths from 9–11 μ m.
JMR Noise Diode Stability and Recalibration Methodology after Three Years On-Orbit

Long term drifts and shifts in the Jason Microwave Radiometer (JMR) geophysical retrievals, relative to ground truth, have been attributed to long term changes in the JMR noise diode (ND) brightness, which is used for gain calibration. An optimal estimation based calibration system is developed to find an optimal set of calibration coefficients which minimize the root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the JMR brightness temperatures (TBs) and on-Earth references. This calibration system is used to derive a time series of the ND brightness. Changes in the ND brightness, on the order of 1-2%, are observed over the first three years of the mission. Results of the recalibration effort and validation of the retrieved ND time series are presented
Polymerization and conformational studies of poly(trans-3-ethyl-D and L-proline)

Poly(L-trans-3-ethylproline), L-PT3EP, and poly(D-trans-3-ethylproline), D-PT3EP, were prepared by ring opening polymerization of the corresponding N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) using triethylamine as an initiator. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, it was shown that the incorporation of an ethyl group at the 3 position of the pyrrolidine ring caused a noticeable change in the conformational behavior of the polymer in solution. The ethyl group limited to some extent rotation of the polymer chain around the CCO bond and prevented the mutarotation between the two forms found in poly-L-proline polymers.
Understanding Post-Implementation Support for Enterprise Systems: An Empirical Study of IT Personnel's Customer-Oriented Citizenship Behaviors

ABSTRACT: Post-implementation support for information systems (ISs) remains an important but under-explored topic. In this study, we focus on the customer service aspect of post-implementation support for enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and examine the antecedents and performance consequences of customer-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) performed by information technology (IT) personnel. We predict that characteristics of IT support tasks influence IT personnel's customer-oriented OCBs, which in turn exert both direct and moderating effects on their task efficiency. The analysis of 300 support tickets in relation to two ERP modules (Supplier Relationship Management and HR/Payroll Management) in a large enterprise provides mixed results. Task type was found to be associated significantly with the occurrence of OCBs, but the influence of task complexity was not significant. Moreover, OCBs were found to be negatively related to task efficiency, but the degree of the negative re...
Continuous flow layer-by-layer microbead functionalization via a micropost array railing system

The ability to achieve multi-layer synthesis on the surface of microbeads is critical for diverse chemical and biological assays. Although microfluidic techniques for layer-by-layer (LbL) synthesis have been demonstrated for droplets, accomplishing continuous flow multi-layer synthesis for microbeads has remained a significant challenge. Here we present a micropost array railing (µPAR) system to achieve continuous flow LbL functionalization on microbead substrates in a microfluidic device. Microposts arrayed at a 1° angle served as a railing system for directing microbeads into adjacent flow streams of bio-molecules and washes. An extended biological linker (including four biotin-avidin pairs) was synthesized onto streptavidin-coated 15-µm diameter polystyrene microbeads via an eight-stage LbL process (with additional wash steps between each reaction). After completion of the biological linker, a fluorescently labeled analyte was bound to the linker and microbead fluorescence was observed.
Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context

We synthesize existing evidence on the ecological history of the Florida Everglades since its inception ∼7 ka (calibrated kiloannum) and evaluate the relative impacts of sea level rise, climate variability, and human alteration of Everglades hydrology on wetland plant communities. Initial freshwater peat accumulation began between 6 and 7 ka on the platform underlying modern Florida Bay when sea level was ∼6.2 m below its current position. By 5 ka, sawgrass and waterlily peats covered the area bounded by Lake Okeechobee to the north and the Florida Keys to the south. Slower rates of relative sea level rise ∼3 ka stabilized the south Florida coastline and initiated transitions from freshwater to mangrove peats near the coast. Hydrologic changes in freshwater marshes also are indicated ∼ 3k a. During the last ∼2 ka, the Everglades wetland was affected by a series of hydrologic fluctuations related to regional to global-scale fluctuations in climate and sea level. Pollen evidence indicates that regional-scale droughts lasting two to four centuries occurred ∼ 1k a and∼0.4 ka, altering wetland community composition and triggering develop- ment of characteristic Everglades habitats such as sawgrass ridges and tree islands. Intercalation of mangrove peats with estuarine muds ∼1 ka indicates a temporary slowing or stillstand of sea level. Although sustained droughts and Holocene sea level rise played large roles in structuring the greater Everglades ecosystem, twentieth century reductions in freshwater flow, compartmentalization of the wetland, and accelerated rates of sea level rise had unprecedented impacts on oxidation and subsidence of organic soils, changes/loss of key Everglades habitats, and altered distribution of coastal vegetation.
In-depth Proteomic Analysis of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer to Discover Molecular Targets and Candidate Biomarkers

Advances in proteomic analysis of human samples are driving critical aspects of biomarker discovery and the identification of molecular pathways involved in disease etiology. Toward that end, in this report we are the first to use a standardized shotgun proteomic analysis method for in-depth tissue protein profiling of the two major subtypes of nonsmall cell lung cancer and normal lung tissues. We identified 3621 proteins from the analysis of pooled human samples of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and control specimens. In addition to proteins previously shown to be implicated in lung cancer, we have identified new pathways and multiple new differentially expressed proteins of potential interest as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers, including some that were not identified by transcriptome profiling. Up-regulation of these proteins was confirmed by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. A subset of these proteins was found to be detectable and differentially present in the peripheral blood of cases and matched controls. Label-free shotgun proteomic analysis allows definition of lung tumor proteomes, identification of biomarker candidates, and potential targets for therapy.
Internet and Political Engagement: A New Integrated Model of Cyber-­Democracy

Why in many democracies is the public increasingly disenchanted with the core institutions of democracy, and disillusioned with the traditional channel of political engagement? Can the Internet provide a structure of opportunities that may revive political engagement? If recent events in Tunisia, Egypt, and now Libya were any evidence, we may be persuaded to accept that the Internet does have some role in reviving political engagement. However, do received theories on cyber-­democracy adequately explain the structure of opportunities created by the Internet for political engagement under various regimes? This is the question of interest to the present paper. To investigate this question, we propose a method based on the principles of systems to integrate the received theories and empirical evidence into a single conceptual model to be able argue about its limitations. Utilizing our method, we demonstrate how current theories on cyber-­democracy suffer from several limitations, primarily: their applicability only to democratic settings; their neglect of what motivates people to participate in political affairs or disengage from it in the first place; and their neglect of politically-relevant engineering realities. Overcoming such limitations, we argue, requires us to significantly broaden the theoretical bases. Starting with Plato’s Republic, we demonstrate how the crux of major theories such as utilitarianism, libertarianism, and capability deprivation must be brought to bare to be able to explain why people participate in political affairs. Further, we incorporate the major theories on collective action to be able to explain when and how political pressure builds up from collective political engagement. Considering such a broader theoretical base, we offer a new integrated model of Internet and political engagement. We use the integrated model to organize the structure of opportunities created by the Internet such that a whole range of behaviors concerning political engagement may be explained. This work culminates in a set of hypotheses, generated from integrated perspective, for future research that will necessarily require us to broaden the information bases for when validating them empirically.
Reply to Paul Cassell: What We Know about Victim Impact Statements

In an article in this symposium, Paul Cassell takes issue with the position I espoused in my 1996 article: Empathy, Narrative and Victim Impact Statements (63 University of Chicago Law Review 361 (1996)). In that article I argued that victim impact statements wrongly divert the capital jury from its duty to shift its gaze from the question of the defendant's guilt for a heinous murder to the question of whether this particular murderer ought to be killed or spared. Cassell argues that victim impact statements do not divert sentencers from this focus, but instead provide crucial information to judges and juries about the full harm caused by a murder. He further argues that victim impact statements will not increase the incidence of death sentences, but instead will aid victims in the healing process. This reply considers the evidence Cassell advances to support his empirical claims. It concludes that Cassell offers no empirical support for his claim that capital juries will receive crucial information from victim impact statements, and instead offers a misleading and dangerous simple test for evaluating the information offered by such statements. Second, it concludes that Cassell's empirical claim that victim impact statements will not increase the incidence of death sentences is contradicted by the available evidence. Finally, it concludes that Cassell offers no empirical proof for his claim that victim impact statements aid victims in the healing process and that the available evidence is inconclusive at best.
Discovery of sexual reproduction in an unusual new species of Stachylina (Trichomycetes).

N. thaiana are 13-25 x 13.5-23 ,um, between those of N. heterophragmae (14-27 x 16.5-26 gm) and N. kigeliae (17-26 x 14-20 um), and teliospore walls of N. thaiana (1-2 ,um) are thinner than those of N. heterophragmae (2-3 Mum) and N. kigeliae (2 um). Mundkur and Thirumalachar (1945) reported Mehtamyces stereospermi (Mund.) Mund. et Thir. [=Phragmidiella stereospermi (Mund.) Mund. et Thir.] on Stereospermum suaveolens Wall. from India. However, this species is different from N. thaiana in uredinial and telial morphology.
Removal of Floating Fibers on Spun Yarns During Knitting Procedures

The possibility has been investigated to remove floating fibers and to regulate an inputtension simultaneously by using pneumatic suction. In the experimental arrangement, yarns running from the yarn bobbin to the yarn feeder of the knitting machine were covered with the yarn guide tube connected to the bobbin case.Results obtained are as follows : As to regulating input tensions, 1) The input tension could be easily regulated by setting the air speed, 2) The variance of an input tension was very small, and3) The regulation of an input tension was expected to be useful for weft-knitting and for jacquard-knitting.As to removing floating fibers, 1) No floating fibers flied out during the yarn unwinding and the yarn running, and2) Floating fibers in the knitting zone were almost completely removed by using the yarn feeder with a suction nozzle.
Once More, the Despair: Revisiting Roethke's ONCE MORE, THE ROUND

As the last work in the last collection for which Roethke had the primary hand in arranging, “Once More, the Round” has become a vehicle used by many critics to sum up Roethke's career. The poem, h...
Diagnostic Value of Cytopathology in Barrett Esophagus and Associated Carcinoma

Barrett esophagus, the columnar-lined distal esophagus acquired as a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux, is associated with the development of columnar epithelial dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. To determine the efficacy of cytopathology in identifying Barrett esophagus and related neoplasia, observations were compared on 150 esophageal cytology samples with concurrent endoscopic biopsy specimens. Sixty-six specimens that contained benign columnar epithelium in either cytologic or biopsy material were identified. Distinctive-type Barrett mucosa with incomplete intestinalization, considered diagnostic of Barrett esophagus, was found in 34 of 66 cases (52%) and was present only in cytologic material in 11 cases. Twenty-two specimens contained cardiac-type mucosa (present only in cytology in ten cases), a finding of uncertain significance due to lack of localization of the sample with respect to the gastroesophageal junction. Fundic-type mucosa was not observed in any specimen. Two cases of distinctive-type Barrett mucosa with columnar epithelial dysplasia were identified in both biopsy and cytology specimens. Among eight Barrett-associated carcinomas (seven adenocarcinomas and one squamous), cytologic material was diagnostic for malignancy in seven and highly suspicious in one. It was concluded that cytopathologic studies are a useful adjunct to biopsy histopathology in the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus and associated carcinoma. The role of cytopathology in the diagnosis of Barrett-related columnar epithelial dysplasia requires further study, and at present a cautious approach with biopsy confirmation is recommended.
Surveillance for tuberculosis drug resistance in Hangzhou,Zhejiang

Objective To investigate the prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis(TB) in Hangzhou,Zhejiang provincec,and provide evidence for the revision of local TB control strategy.Methods Sputum samples were collected from all smear-positive TB patients registered in 2011 in Hangzhou and traditional biochemical reaction was done to identify the isolated strains.The strains' drug susceptibilities to Isoniazid,Rifampicin,Ethambutol,Streptomycin,Ofloxacin and Kanamycin were detected with modified Lowenstein-Jensen Culture Medium recommended by WHO.Results A total of 1845 smear-positive TB patients were registered in 2011,1394 were culture positive,and 1184 were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and had drug test results.Of the 1184 patients,31.33%were resistant to at least one first-line drug,11.57%were multi drug resistant(MDR),0.90%were extensively drug resistant(XDR).Of the MDR patients,29.93%were resistant to Ofloxacin,3.65%were resistant to Kanamycin.The drug resistant rates to Isoniazid,Streptomycin,Rifampicin and Ethambutol were 19.51%,17.15%,16.98%,and5.07%,respectively.The drug resistant rate in re-treated cases was significantly higher than that in new cases.Conclusion The prevalence of drug resistant TB was high in Hangzhou,It is necessary to improve the chemotherapy for drug resistant cases and strengthen the management of new cases and re-treated cases to reduce the incidence of MDRTB or XDR-TB.
Cloud Computing and Cloud Security in the United States

This paper studies American government's efforts in prompting cloud computing,especially cloud security and cloud standardization which handicaps the fast development and application of this technology.Governmental,military and industrial researches,practices and attempts concerning cloud security and cloud standardization are also thoroughly introduced here,which,as a whole,presents the audience a landscape of cloud computing in the United States.
Prenatal sex detection with endocervical smears: Successful results utilizing Y-body fluorescence

Highly equivocal results, regarding procedures for the prenatal detection of fetal sex utilizing Y-body (Y chromosome) fluorescence in exfoliated interphase fetal cells found in the endocervix, are reported in the literature dating from 1971. The far-reaching genetic and obstetric implications of such procedures led us to investigate endocervical smears from 36 patients (taken during all three trimesters) and study the validity and practicality of this test. Fetal sex was correctly predicted in 31 of 36 cases and all 18 male predictions delivered males. In addition, many previously reported and newly found sources of error were encountered and evaluated. It is concluded that there are indeed cells of fetal origin being shed into the endocervix and they can be used as a reliable indicator of fetal sex in all three trimesters.
Prognosis in patients with upper GI bleeding.

Upper GI bleeding remains a common problem and reason for hospital admission. A more precise estimate of a patient’s prognosis would be helpful to physicians who are deciding on hospital discharge and the intensiveness of monitoring in inpatient and outpatient settings.
Ensuring Social Success: A Case Study of International Students’ Social Experiences at Austin Community College

Austin Community College (ACC) (Texas), boasts 11 separate campuses spread across a metropolitan area that encompasses five counties and 4278 square miles (Metropolitan Areas, 2008) and served 37,294 students during the spring of 2014. Of these students, 4.7 % were classified as international students. ACC does not offer any on-campus residential areas, meaning that all students commute to and from the different campuses. Over 77 % of the students attend part-time and only one-quarter are in the traditional college age bracket of 19–21 years old (Austin Community College 2014).