cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of flow velocity-estimation algorithms for optical Doppler tomography imaging

We present a quantitative comparison of three categories of velocity estimation algorithms, including centroid techniques (the adaptive centroid technique and the weighted centroid technique), the sliding-window filtering technique, and correlation techniques (autocorrelation and cross correlation). We introduce, among these five algorithms, two new algorithms: weighted centroid and sliding-window filtering. Simulations and in vivo blood flow data are used to assess the velocity estimation accuracies of these algorithms. These comparisons demonstrate that the sliding-window filtering technique is superior to the other techniques in terms of velocity estimation accuracy and robustness to noise.
Metal hydrides as chemical heat pumps

The refrigeration mode of operation for a two metal hydride chemical heat pump system is described. A derivation is presented for general heat pump equations which may be applied to any pair of compounds which show a linear relation of ln P vs 1/T for their heat pump performance. The coefficient of performance of a two metal hydride refrigerator is obtained. (SPH)
Expression of soybean-embryo lipoxygenase 2 in transgenic tobacco tissue

To assess the role of lipoxygenase (LOX; EC 1.13.11.12) in plants, we increased the expression of LOX in the tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. ‘KY 14’ by over-expression of the LOX2 gene from the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) embryo. The LOX2 cDNA was manipulated by replacing its 5′-untranslated sequence with the translational enhancer of the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), and subcloned into a plant expression vector, 3′ to a duplicated cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The AMV-LOX2 construct was transferred into tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A281. The LOX2 was expressed in transgenic tobacco calli, leaves of transgenic plants, and their seed progeny at levels up to 0.1–0.2% of the total extracted protein. The introduced LOX2 affected fatty-acid oxidative metabolism as evidenced by a 50–529% increase in C6-aldehyde production. The impact on C6-aldehyde formation was greater than the effect on production of fatty-acid hydroperoxides. This is consistent with other studies indicating the greater propensity of soybean embryo LOX2 in generating C6-aldehydes than that of other well-characterized LOX isozymes.
New generation angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists that selectively modulate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ

The discovery that the antihypertensive angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 R) blockers (ARBs), telmisartan and irbesartan, were capable of activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-y has provided a novel approach for developing new generation ARBs with beneficial metabolic effects. By selectively blocking the angiotensin ll-mediated pro-inflammatory AT1R signaling pathway, while activating the PPARγ-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway, these compounds may confer broader anti-inflammatory protection compared to other ARBs, i.e., those lacking PPARγ activity. Both telmisartan and irbesartan function as selective PPARy modulators. Their potential beneficial effects beyond blood pressure reduction, include increased insulin sensitivity, improved lipid profile, improved anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic risk profiles. These properties could provide superior clinical efficacy in hypertensive patients with insulin-resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Thus, among existing ARBs, telmisartan and irbesartan may have added benefits in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with metabolic pathology, and their associated end-organ microvascular and macrovascular complications. This unique subset of ARBs provides a strategic platform for designing prototypes of a new class of PPARy ligands capable of antagonizing AT1R, for broadly targeting cardiometabolic diseases for which therapy is presently insufficient or non-existent.
General-relativistic domain walls

Domain walls naturally arise in any model that has a spontaneously broken discrete symmetry. In the simplest example, symmetry breaking is accomplished by a real scalar field. We investigate infinite domain walls in general relativity using the full Einstein scalar-field equations. We study the gravitational effects on test particles both inside and outside the walls and find that matter is repelled by the walls. Also, we find that there is pressure in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the wall.
Nesting with an enemy: The abundance and distribution of preferred and secondary prey near nesting Cooper's hawks, Accipiter cooperii

By nesting near their predators, birds may gain safe nest sites because predators defend a region around their own nests. For some species, this benefit comes at the potential cost of increased predation risk due to the predators. We hypothesized that birds less vulnerable to predation were more likely to associate with predatory birds. We surveyed different bird species near active Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii, nests, 200 m from each hawk nest, and at control sites that did not contain Cooper's hawk nests. The birds surveyed were categorized by weight, foraging height, and nest type. Canopy foraging birds were found in relatively higher densities near the Cooper's hawk nests than at other sites, whereas ground and mid-level foragers were more common away from Cooper's hawk nests. The association with Cooper's hawks was most pronounced for those canopy foraging birds that were small and built cup nests. Birds less vulnerable to predation by Cooper's hawks are more likely to nest in association with t...
Cyclic vectors for Hilbert algebras

In this paper, we give a simple proof of the Stone-von Neumann theorem about the irreducible unitary representations of Heisenberg groups. First of all, we prove a result about the representations of Hilbert algebras of Hilbert-Schmidt operators on a Hilbert space. Then we use it to give a simple proof of the Stone-von Neumann theorem. Applications to theoretical physics are mentioned.
Characterizing output bottlenecks in a supercomputer

Supercomputer I/O loads are often dominated by writes. HPC (High Performance Computing) file systems are designed to absorb these bursty outputs at high bandwidth through massive parallelism. However, the delivered write bandwidth often falls well below the peak. This paper characterizes the data absorption behavior of a center-wide shared Lustre parallel file system on the Jaguar supercomputer. We use a statistical methodology to address the challenges of accurately measuring a shared machine under production load and to obtain the distribution of bandwidth across samples of compute nodes, storage targets, and time intervals. We observe and quantify limitations from competing traffic, contention on storage servers and I/O routers, concurrency limitations in the client compute node operating systems, and the impact of variance (stragglers) on coupled output such as striping. We then examine the implications of our results for application performance and the design of I/O middleware systems on shared supercomputers.
Deficits in Social Behavior Emerge during Development after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

The pediatric brain may be particularly vulnerable to social deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to the protracted nature of psychosocial development through adolescence. However, the majority of pre-clinical studies fail to assess social outcomes in experimental pediatric TBI. The current study evaluated social behavior in mice subjected to TBI at post-natal day (p)21. Social behaviors were assessed by a partition test, resident-intruder, three-chamber, and tube dominance tasks during adolescence (p35-42) and again during early adulthood (p60-70), during encounters with unfamiliar, naive stimulus mice. Despite normal olfactory function and normal social behaviors during adolescence, brain-injured mice showed impaired social investigation by adulthood, evidenced by reduced ano-genital sniffing and reduced following of stimulus mice in the resident-intruder task, as well as a loss of preference for sociability in the three-chamber task. TBI mice also lacked a preference for social novelty, suggestive of a deficit in social recognition or memory. By adulthood, brain-injured mice exerted more frequent dominance in the tube task compared to sham-operated controls, a finding suggestive of aggressive tendencies. Together these findings reveal reduced social interaction and a tendency towards increased aggression, which evolves across development to adulthood. This emergence of aberrant social behavior, which parallels the development of other cognitive deficits in this model and behaviors seen in brain-injured children, is consistent with the hypothesis that the full extent of deficits is not realized until the associated skills reach maturity. Thus, efficacy of therapeutics for pediatric TBI should take into account the time-dependent emergence of abnormal behavioral patterns.
Removal of Ocular Artifact from EEG Using Constrained ICA

Ocular artifacts are the most important form of interferences in EEG signals. Before analyzed, EEG signals should be pretreated by removal of ocular artifacts. CICA is an excellent approach to separate the desired source signals. But, the choice of reference signals is crucial. In this paper, we adopted CICA to separate ocular artifact from EEG, using a different method from Lu to build the reference signals, which can avoid the subjectivity during the operation. It was proved to be effective.
Thymine-labelled deoxyoligonucleotide involved in DNA chain growth in Bacillus subtilis.

OKAZAKAI et al. showed that bacteria labelled with short pulses of radioactive thymidine incorporate radioactivity into small DNA fragments, the so-called Okazaki pieces1. These fragments have been observed in various bacterial, bacteriophage and eukaryotic systems2,3. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the Okazaki pieces are precursors of longer DNA chains, indistinguishable in length from the bulk of the DNA. Thus, the idea has arisen that DNA synthesis proceeds discontinuously on at least one of the two growing DNA chains of a given replication fork; that is, individual short DNA fragments are synthesised by a 5′ → 3′ DNA polymerase and then joined to the growing chain by ligase2.
The relationship of book lung and tracheal systems in the spider family uloboridae.

The book lung surface areas of representatives of six genera were measured and divided by spider prosomal and leg mass and by the product of prosomal length and width to obtain two indexes of book lung area. Both indexes are greatest in species that have the simplest tracheal systems and smallest in those with the most extensive tracheal systems. When species are ordered phylogenetically and the lung area indexes of their hypothetical ancestors computed, a transformational increase in lung area is indicated. Neither the lung area of a species nor its phylogenetic position is significantly related to the general moisture regime of its habitat. The number of leaves in a book lung is positively correlated with both spider size and total lung area. However, leaf number is not correlated with tracheal development and shows no transformational change.
The Louisiana artificial reef program

Abstract The Louisiana artificial reef program (LARP) is the largest rigs-to-reef program in the world, and is unique in its almost exclusive use of oil and gas structures for reef construction. In 1986, Louisiana became the first state to create an artificial reef program under the guidance of National Fishing Enhancement Act and authorization of the Louisiana Fishing Enhancement Act. Currently, LARP has created over 83 artificial reef sites using over 120 decommissioned platforms. Operators that donate a platform as an artificial reef can often lower the cost of decommissioning below the cost to bring the platform to shore for disposal. Many factors are involved in the decision to convert a rig into a reef, and subsequently, the cost savings associated with reefing. The purpose of this paper is to describe the regulatory background of LARP, to discuss the nature of the cost savings associated with reef donation, and to derive quantitative relations that predict the donation amount based on characteristics of the structure. The frequency of rig donations as a function of water depth and planning area are provided, and regression models of the donation are developed based on the structure size, water depth, removal method, and proximity of the platform to the permitted reef site. Priorities for future research are also identified.
Making the case for objective performance metrics in newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry.

The expansion of newborn screening programs to include multiplex testing by tandem mass spectrometry requires understanding and close monitoring of performance metrics. This is not done consistently because of lack of defined targets, and interlaboratory comparison is almost nonexistent. Between July 2004 and April 2006 (N = 176,185 cases), the overall performance metrics of the Minnesota program, limited to MS/MS testing, were as follows: detection rate 1:1,816, positive predictive value 37% (54% in 2006 till date), and false positive rate 0.09%. The repeat rate and the proportion of cases with abnormal findings actually been reported are new metrics proposed here as an objective mean to express the overall noise in a program, where noise is defined as the total number of abnormal results obtained using a given set of cut-off values. On the basis of our experience, we propose the following targets as evidence of adequate analytical and postanalytical performance: detection rate 1:3,000 or higher, positive predictive value >20%, and false positive rate <0.3%. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:255–261.
Arsenic(III)-cysteine interactions stabilize three-helix bundles in aqueous solution.

Tri L12C and Tri L16C are amphiphilic peptides composed of 30 amino acids with cysteine in either the 12 or 16 position of the sequence. In the absence of metal, the peptides form two- (pH 7). The preference of As(III) for trigonal-pyramidal geometry and thiol coordination is used to direct folding of the peptide to form three-helix bundles under all conditions studied. These observations are contrasted with previous Hg(II) complexation in which both linear Hg(II) bis thiolate (two-helix bundle) and trigonal tris thiolate (three-helix bundle) binding motifs were observed.
Factors influencing the in vitro hatching of mouse blastocysts

Abstract The influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration on embryo hatching and the number of embryos cultured per drop of culture medium was examined in F1 (C57BL/6J × DBA/2J), C3HeB/FeJ strain and Line E mice. Embryos collected from F1 and Line E mice exhibited uniform hatching rates at BSA concentrations between 1 and 10 mg/ml, and embryo numbers ranging from 1 to 10 per 3 μ1 of culture medium. The hatching of C3HeB/FeJ blastocysts was greater at the higher concentrations of BSA and higher embryo densities. When the C3HeB/FeJ embryos were grown at high densities until morula and then cultured singly in fresh media they hatched at a low rate. However, when allowed to develop until the blastocyst stage before replotting, the embryos hatched at a high rate. C3HeB/FeJ embryos cultured singly until morula and then placed in groups of 10 hatched at a high rate. Single C3HeB/FeJ embryos, cultured in medium conditioned by the prior presence of embryos at high densities, hatched at a slightly higher frequency than those cultured in fresh medium. There was no tendency of embryos developing from the two-cell to the eight-cell stages to hatch when cultured in the presence of high densities of hatching blastocysts.
Rotation effects on a fully-developed turbulent pipe flow

A fully-developed turbulent pipe flow is allowed to pass through a rotating pipe section, whose axis of rotation coincides with the pipe axis. At the exit end of the rotating section, the flow passes into a stationary pipe. As a result of the relaxation of surface rotation, the turbulent flow near the pipe wall is affected by extra turbulence production created by the large circumferential shear strain set up by the rapid decrease of the rotational velocity to zero at the wall. However, the flow in the most part of the pipe is absent of this extra turbulence production because the circumferential strain is zero as a result of the solid-body rotation imparted to the flow by the rotating pipe section. The combined effect of these two phenomena on the flow is investigated in detail using hot-wire anemometry techniques. Both mean and turbulence fields are measured, together with the wall shear and the turbulent burst behavior at the wall. A number of experiments at different rotational speeds are carried out. Therefore, the effects of rotation on the behavior of wall shear, turbulent burst at the wall, turbulence production and the near-wall flow can be documented and analysed in detail.
Surgical treatment of coronary artery disease: medical management and evaluation of results.

Surgical operation has proved to be safe and effective in providing the patient with coronary artery disease a more adequate distribution of coronary inflow to the myocardium. That operation can be carried out safely is attested to by the fact that in the last 100 consecutive patients operated to date by Dr. Claude Beck in Cleveland, mortality associated with operation has been zero. Long-term follow-up has already demonstrated increased longevity in operated patients. Furthermore, nine out of 10 patients evaluated six months to five years after operation have little or no pain and are economically productive. This section of the symposium is based upon clinical observations on approximately 500 patients evaluated as candidates for the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease since January, 1951. To date, the Beck I operation has been performed on 225. Approximately 150 have been rejected for operation because of certain contraindications, usually extensive muscle damage and myocardial failure. Another 12 patients were considered acceptable for operation but died of their disease while awaiting hospitalization. One died suddenly 12 hours preoperatively. Approximately 110 others were considered acceptable for operation but have refused for various reasons or have delayed hospitalization; this latter group will eventually serve in a control series. The clinical results associated with operation merely confirm the extensive laboratory evidence of benefit.1 Ideally, operation is an elective procedure to be applied as early as possible in the clinical course of coronary artery disease. Unfortunately, for many years surgical treatment was applied only to salvage patients in whom little could be achieved. Probably the greatest single deterrent to elective application of surgery has been the fear of high mortality expected of any surgical procedure performed on patients with severe coronary disease (however, with little consideration for the prohibitive mortality associated with standard medical therapy). The demonstration of protection afforded by operation, with a remari�ably low operative mortality, presents a challenge to the cardiologist. Unless definitive medical therapy can significantly modify the mounting disability and mortality resulting from coronary disease, the patient with this disease should be considered as a candidate for operation. Furthermore, skillful medical selection and supervision of patients in close cooperation with the surgeon is the sine qua non in achieving the excellent results that can be demonstrated.
Biogenesis of steroids in solanaceae

Abstract The biogenetic pathways leading to the characteristic steroids of the Solanaceae are reviewed. The experimental data from feeding experiments on members of the Solanaceae are described and, where necessary, pertinent experiments on other plants, such as Veratrum spp. are mentioned. The review covers the simple sterols, the steroidal sapogenins and the steroidal alkaloids found in these plants, and their metabolism as well as biosynthesis are considered.
A successful five-year experiment with a breadth-first introductory course

This paper discusses the implementation and evolution over a five-year period of a breadth-first introductory computer science course which has both lectures and structured, closed laboratory sessions. This course significantly increased both the retention and passing rates for the next computer course (which emphasizes programming), and computer science graduation rates.
Photoresponse and AC impedance characterization of n-TiO2 films during hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in an electrochemical cell

Abstract The photoresponse of n -TiO 2 films prepared by thermal oxidation was examined under illumination of light in combination with dark electrode (Pt) for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in a self-driven two compartment cell having a pH gradient. Highest photoresponse was obtained for the n -TiO 2 films prepared at 850 °C for 13 min. The maximum photocurrent density of 2.6 mA cm −2 was obtained in the absence of external potential at light intensity of 50 mW cm −2 in the self-driven cell. This current density represents 10.86 liters of H 2 production per hour per square meter of the surface of the electrode and 1.6% maximum photoconversion efficiency to H 2 gas. AC impedance characterization of the n -TiO 2 films were made in a one compartment cell in the absence of illumination. A single intercept of Mott-Schottky plot (which was used to determine the flat band potential) was observed for n -TiO 2 samples below AC frequency of 2500 Hz. A discrepancy of the flatband potential obtained from the Mott-Schottky plot (−1.13 V/SCE) and the j p 2 - V plot (−0.97 V/SCE) was observed. The built-in band bending was found to be 0.16 V for n -TiO 2 . The donor density in n -TiO 2 films was found to be 1.0 × 10 19 –1.0 × 10 20 cm −3 from the capacitance data measured in the frequency range 10 to 10,000 Hz. The indirect bandgap of 2.85 eV was found for all the n -TiO 2 films prepared at different oxidation temperature.
The place of public fear in sentencing and correctional policy

Abstract Public opinion about sentencing and correctional issues has emerged in recent decades as a salient topic in criminology. Empirical studies have suggested that the public has dynamic perceptions about these criminal justice issues. Sentencing and correctional policy have become key issues confronting legislators and policymakers, as correctional budgets and public interest in these areas have increased. Despite the focus on public opinion about sentencing and corrections, previous research has largely ignored how the public feels about the role of policymakers regarding these issues, and what influences opinions about whether public fear should be an important consideration in policy decisions. The current study partly replicated the work of Cullen and colleagues by examining perceptions of crime salience, crime causation, goals of the criminal justice system, and attitudes towards imprisonment and rehabilitation. It uniquely examined perceptions about the importance of legislator consideration of a specific determinant, namely, public fear, in decision making about sentencing and correctional policy.
BASEBALL AND GEOGRAPHY: THE HIDDEN CONNECTION

A growing number of geographers are becoming aware of the relationship between baseball and geography. As early as 1963 Shaw published an exhaustive account of this relationship, but professional geographers dropped the ball and failed to follow through [ I ] . During the years since Shaw’s landmark article, two geographers have entered the major leagues (Bil l Lee and Denny Doyle, Boston Red Sox) and at least one undergraduate (Steve Ruling of the Milwaukee Brewers’ AAA Spokane affiliate) i s preparing to graduate from geography and into the American League in the very near future. Anyone proficient in quantitative analysis can demonstrate the statistical significance of a growth rate from zero baseball-geographers to two (and, someday, three) in less than a decade. There is, then, clear statistical evidence that the growing number of geographers in major league baseball points toward the time when they will some day control the sport. Interconnected with this trend toward geography’s capture of America‘s favorite pastime i s an almost-hidden corollary: baseball may someday dominate geography! The takeover will be gradual, subtle, and deceptively smooth. As a matter of littleknown fact, the movement has already begun, and has been verified by extensive research carried out by the authors in the lobby and adjacent facilities of the Hyatl Regency Knoxville during the SEAAG meeting in November 1977. The first hint of baseball’s influence on our discipline came when the chairman of one major league institution (one that offers the Ph.D.) was overheard to tell another, “I’ll trade you two cultural geographers with a few more good years left in them for one young cartographer and a draft choice to be named later.” The comment might well have gone unnoticed had not your authors been alertmen who have learned from vast and past experiences to seize research topics whenever they materialize, men who have mastered the art of eaves-dropping. Aural research has its merits, for the name of the sought-after cartographer was ascertained. When the young mapmaker was located and questioned, he was indignant. In no uncertain terms he informed your authors that he was going to work out his option and attend the New Orleans meeting as a free agent. A trade was out, and his attorney would handle matters at the free-agent session in the Crescent City. This incident revealed, for the first time, that there would be a free-agent session among the 21 concurrent sessions at the national meeting. After conducting an intensive personal interview with the major league chairman, it was learned that the free-agent concept was not new to the AAG’s annual meeting, only that it had never been formalized before. Further, additional queries (which precisely followed established interview techniques) disclosed that some institutions in the major leagues
Use of lattice mole fraction to analyze interdiffusion data in strongly ordered triple-defect B2 intermetallic phases

Many transition metal aluminides and indides such as NiAl, CoAl, PdAl and PdIn exhibit an ordered bcc (or B2) structure and yet exist over wide ranges of homogeneity. In this class of compounds, the transition metals normally occupy one of the two sublattices, i.e. the {alpha}-sublattice [0,0,0] and the Al or In atoms on the {beta}-sublattice [1/2,1/2,1/2]. The predominant point defects in this class of intermetallic phases are vacancies on the {alpha}-sublattice and anti-site transition metal atoms on the {beta}-sublattice. The vacancy concentration affects the probability of finding an atom on a lattice site, and plays an important role in the movement of atoms. In view of the potential existence of rather high concentrations of constitutional vacancies in the lattice, the objective of the present communication is to introduce a new concentration variable, lattice mole fraction, for analyzing interdiffusion data determined experimentally in a diffusion couple.
Spatial Thinking by Young Children: Neurologic Evidence for Early Development and “Educability”

Abstract The human brain appears to have several “regions” that are structured to do different kinds of spatial thinking, according to a large and rapidly growing body of research in a number of disciplines. Building on a previous review of research with older children and adults, this article summarizes the research on spatial thinking by young children. Three conclusions: brain structures for spatial reasoning are fully functional at a very early age, adult intervention can enhance both use and representational ability, and practice in early grades is an important, perhaps even essential, part of the scaffold for later learning.
Revascularización de la arteria subclavia: análisis de los resultados según la modalidad de tratamiento y los síntomas de presentación clínica

El tratamiento de la patologia oclusiva aterosclerotica de la arteria subclavia esta experimentando un cambio de paradigma de un tratamiento abierto a otro endoluminal. El objetivo del presente estudio consistio en revisar los cambios en la indicacion de la revascularizacion de la arteria subclavia y los de sus resultados clinicos a partir de los sintomas de presentacion. Realizamos un analisis retrospectivo de los pacientes tratados de forma consecutiva por enfermedad arterial oclusiva aterosclerotica de la arteria subclavia desde 1992 hasta 2006. El seguimiento medio fue de 4 anos. Se practicaron 137 procedimientos en 114 pacientes cuya edad media era de 63 anos (limites de edad 33-89; mujeres 61%). El 89% de los pacientes presentaba hipertension arterial, el 32% diabetes mellitus, el 69% hiperlipemia, y el 13% insuficiencia renal cronica. Se efectuaron 67 tentativas primarias de implantacion de un stent (5 fracasos tecnicos) y 70 intervenciones abiertas (64 derivaciones carotidosubclavias y 6 transposiciones subclaviocarotideas). No se produjeron muertes en el periodo perioperatorio a los 30 dias. El 57% de pacientes presentaban sintomas isquemicos en la extremidad superior: claudicacion (84%), dolor en reposo (12%) y ulceracion (4%). La permeabilidad primaria asistida fue del 81 ± 7% y 80 ± 10% a los 5 y 10 anos, respectivamente. El 25% de los procedimientos se indicaron por cardiopatia: como preparacion para la revascularizacion coronaria con la arteria mamaria interna izquierda (AMI) en el 61% y por isquemia cardiaca recurrente en el resto. La permeabilidad primaria asistida fue del 97 ± 6% a los 5 anos. La AMI siguio siendo el conducto empleado en la revascularizacion coronaria en todos los pacientes de este grupo, con una ausencia de sintomas cardiologicos recurrentes dependientes de la AMI del 79 ± 10% a los 5 anos. El 18% de pacientes presentaban clinica de territorio posterior secundaria a enfermedad vertebrobasilar. En este grupo, permeabilidad primaria asistida a los 5 y 10 anos fue del 100 ± 0% y del 100 ± 0%, respectivamente, con una ausencia de sintomas vertebrobasilares recurrentes a los 5 y 10 anos del 95 ± 6% y del 95 ± 10%, respectivamente. La revascularizacion de la arteria subclavia es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz, cuyo pronostico clinico a largo plazo difiere segun la presentacion clinica de la enfermedad.
Changes in Jugular Venous Flow Velocity After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract The factors underlying postoperative jugular venous flow velocity and pulse contour changes were studied in 25 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Before operation, all patients had normal right-sided cardiac hemodynamics, normal jugular pulse contours and normal jugular venous flow velocity patterns, i.e., systolic flow (SF) velocity greater than diastolic flow (DF) velocity. After operation, jugular venous flow velocity was abnormal in 24 patients (SF = DF in 14 and SF DF and SF = DF flow patterns (mean ± standard error of the mean 48 ± 3%). It was significantly depressed in all 6 patients with SF
The role of peroxidase in catalyzing oxidation of polyphenols

Abstract The oxidation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and related derivatives catalyzed by lactoperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and mushroom tyrosinase has been studied. The rate constants show that all three enzymes catalyze the oxidation of DOPA at reasonably comparable rates. Both lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase require hydrogen peroxide as a substrate in the reaction, while tyrosinase employs oxygen directly. All three enzymes utilize the same number of oxidizing equivalents to carry out the reaction and all three enzymes produce the same product. For the peroxidase catalyzed reaction two moles of peroxide are consumed for each mole of dopachrome formed. Lactoperoxidase catalyzed oxidation of DOPA is pseudo first order with respect to DOPA concentration and is greatly enhanced by phenolic compounds such as tyrosine. The data paper to suggest that tyrosine acts as a co-factor in this reaction and is not converted to DOPA. Some specificity with regard to DOPA derivatives is found. A comparison shows that noradrenalin oxidation is catalyzed much more rapidly by both peroxidases than by tyrosinase, while 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine) oxidation is catalyzed by lactoperoxidase at approximately IO times the rate of either horseradish peroxidase or tyrosinase. The significance of these observations in histochemical studies of melanin formation is discussed.
Breast-conserving surgery with resection of the nipple–areola complex for subareolar breast carcinoma

Introduction: Breast-conserving therapy for centrally located tumours has in the past been viewed with reservation, but is now an accepted treatment. There is little published evidence, however, to show that it is safe and cosmetically acceptable. Methods: In a prospective investigation carried out between 1996 and 2002, 44 women had surgery for 45 breast carcinomas with suspected nipple involvement. The breast was conserved and the nipple–areola complex removed. Secondary mastectomy was performed in three women because the tumour was found to reach the resection margin. Forty-one women underwent further observation. The mean tumour size at the time of operation was 18 (range 4–50) mm. Six women received preoperative chemotherapy. Results: Histologically, there were seven preinvasive and 35 invasive cancers. No local failure had occurred at a median follow-up of 51 months. Six women developed distant metastasis, of whom five died. The mean score for cosmetic results (evaluated on a scale of 1–5 where a score of 1 was excellent) was 1·5 for patients and 1·7 for physicians. Conclusion: Breast-conserving therapy is a safe and cosmetically acceptable alternative to mastectomy for subareolar breast cancer. Copyright © 2005 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A NOTE ON INTERPOLATION OF PERMUTATIONS OF A SUBSET OF A FINITE FIELD

We determine several variants of the classical interpolation formula for ﬁnite ﬁelds which produce polynomials that induce a desirable mapping on the non-speciﬁed elements, and without increasing the number of terms in the formula. As a corollary, we classify those permutation polynomials over a ﬁnite ﬁeld which are their own compositional inverse, extending work of C. Wells. DOI: 10.1017/S0004972714000173
Innovativeness in the motor carrier industry

Drawing upon diffusion of innovation and institutional theory, we examine the effects of innovativeness on various aspects of motor carrier performance and reputation. Motor carriers operate in an extremely competitive environment, where there is little if any room for strategic mistakes. It is understandable that leadership within these organisations is cautious when it comes to the adoption of innovations, as little evidence exists in the literature to support whether or not adoption of common motor carrier innovations will lead to positive outcomes. The results of this study suggest that the degree of motor carrier innovativeness is positively related to on-time delivery, claims ratio, safety, and reputation. These findings provide support for diffusion of innovation and institutional theory while also providing evidence that motor carriers can make more informed decisions regarding innovation adoption.
US Jet contrail frequency changes : influences of jet aircraft flight activity and atmospheric conditions

In the United States, the dramatic increase in jet fuel usage and kilometers flown has led to speculation of a similar increase in jet contrails. However, contrail occurrence depends heavily upon the meteorological conditions near cruising altitudes (i.e. the tropopause, 10–12 km altitude). This study reports a contrail mid-season contemporary climatology for the coterminous United States (2000–2002), and compares the frequencies with those previously reported for an earlier (1977–1979) period, to determine spatial and seasonal contrail frequency changes. For both climatologies, contrail occurrence is derived from the analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery. Data on US jet aircraft flight activity were obtained to assess their relationship to contrail frequency, as were NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data to determine the changes in tropopause-level atmospheric conditions. For the 2000–2002 period, contrails comprise a distinct high (low) frequency pattern in the East (West) halves of the United States. Seasonally, there is a contrail association with the latitudinal migration of the jet stream and a US-wide peak contrail frequency during winter (January). The inter-monthly variations in contrail frequency are significantly different from each other but show no association with variations in jet flight activity, indicating a greater role for meteorological conditions. Between the 1977–1979 and 2000–2002 periods, there were strong spatial and seasonal asymmetries to the contrail frequency change. These involve a cooling (warming) of the tropopause for the largest (smallest) frequency increases, which shows some association with the switch in positive and negative phases of the Arctic Oscillation. The role of upper tropospheric conditions and links to hemispheric-scale teleconnections should be considered when projecting contrail frequency changes and their future impacts on climate. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
High-average-power Yb:YLF cryogenic laser amplifier for sub-picosecond pulses

We have demonstrated a cryogenic Yb:YLF amplifier at 100-W average power and 10-kHz pulse repetition frequency (PRF). At 4.5 mJ, the pulses have a 2.2-nm bandwidth and have been compressed to 700 fs in duration.
An iterative state-space growth and yield modeling approach for unthinned loblolly pine plantations

A mathematical iteration-based projection approach is applied in developing a management-oriented tree growth model for unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations according to the biomass balances among the physical compartments of a tree. In this study, the biomass of each tree compartment is used as a state variable. Tree growth is characterized as a dynamic system in which both inputs and outputs are functions of time. This dynamic system can be updated from one state to another by updating state variables, which is based on a hypothesis from tree physiology that suggests the biomass productivity of a tree is proportional to the foliage biomass. The dynamic processes of the system are described using a transition function and an output function of state variables. This approach evaluates the individual growth response to external forces by predicting some coefficients that regulate the growth response based on the input and output of the system. Compared with the traditional empirical growth and yield modeling approach, this method is more easily adjusted to model growth patterns of plantations managed under different growth conditions.
Bivalirudin for anticoagulation in children.

Background Thromboembolism in children is typically treated with unfractionated heparin (UH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Both rely on antithrombin (AT) for their action. In addition, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially serious complication of heparin use in children. Bivalirudin or other direct thrombin inhibitors may be a useful alternative to heparins in treating thrombosis in children. Procedure We report a retrospective review to assess the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in pediatric patients with thrombosis. Results Sixteen children received bivalirudin for thrombosis or prevention of thrombosis at the Children's Hospital of Illinois from January 2005 to January 2007. Patients received a bolus dose of 0.25 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion (0.16 ± 0.07 mg kg−1 hr−1) titrated to 1.5–2.5 times the baseline activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Positive correlation between the bivalirudin average infusion rate and aPTT was observed in twelve patients. Ultrasonographic evidence of thrombus regression was noted at 72 hr in 10 of 10 patients. One patient experienced hematuria after catheterization of the urethra. Conclusion Bivalirudin was effective and well-tolerated in these patients. Further studies should be conducted to better define safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in pediatric patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:798–801. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: what is the role of obesity?☆

Both obesity and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are commonly seen in women of reproductive age. Fifty percent of all patients with PCOS are obese, and the presence of obesity affects the clinical manifestations of PCOS. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms appear to involve insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, the magnitude of which is greater in obese than in non-obese women with PCOS. Specific effects of obesity on the manifestations of PCOS, underlying mechanisms of the interactions between obesity and PCOS, and therapeutic implications of these interactions are discussed in this article.
Aerodynamic Flow Control of an Airfoil with Small Trailing-Edge Strips

The effects of small trailing-edge strips (Gurney flaps) on the steady and unsteady flow about a NACA0012 airfoil are computationally examined using a Navier-Stokes code, INS2D. Two Reynolds numbers, Re = 107,000 and 169,000, are used in the paper, the former corresponding to experiments previously reported in the literature and the latter corresponding to future proposed experiments. The computation of the unsteady flow includes an oscillating airfoil with several fixed Gurney flap sizes at higher angles of attack (beyond the stall angle of attack) and an oscillating Gurney flap with a fixed airfoil at higher angles of attack. For the former configuration, a correlation study between theory and a previous experiment has also been made. Reasonably good agreement with the experiment confirms the computational results that predict the effect of the Gurney flap is to enhance the maximum lift coefficient and stall angle of attack for both static and dynamic flows. The computations show that the effect of the Gurney flap is to move the separation position forward on the lower surface and back on the upper surface of the airfoil for near the trailing edge when the Gurney flap is oscillating. The oscillating Gurney flap increases the stall aerodynamic load.
ACUTE PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA PNEUMONIA

Acute pneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida appeared in two elderly patients. One patient had chronic obstructive lung disease and the other developed aspiration pneumonia after an episode of cardiac arrest. Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from the initial sputum cultures. The delay in recognizing the pathogen resulted in extension of the pneumonia and abscess formation in the patient with obstructive lung disease. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from a percutaneous transtracheal aspirate in both patients and from the blood of one. They recovered after treatment with a penicillin administered in higher than usual dosage over a period of several weeks.
An experimental study of flexible joint robots with harmonic gearing

The control of robotic manipulators with joint flexibilities has become a much addressed problem as of late. The interest that has been stirred is mainly due to the wide use of harmonic drive gearing in robotic manipulators and the inherent joint compliance that they introduce. In this paper the authors present experimental results from a two degree of freedom robot with harmonic drive gearing. In addition, conclusions as to the major stumbling blocks preventing further advancement in this area are given. >
Unlocking and sharing data in astronomy

EDITOR'S SUMMARY The astronomy community has been a leader in efforts to preserve and share research data to facilitate ongoing discoveries. Since some efforts have led to isolated and abandoned websites, the need to deposit data in specifically designed and maintained repositories is now recognized. These repositories may apply persistent data identifiers to data products including large and small datasets, software and raw data throughout the research cycle. Researchers should be encouraged to deposit and share data, but guidelines and practices are inconsistent and publishers' policies vary. Agreement among stakeholders must be found on clearly defined standards for data citation and linking through publications. Establishing and complying with citation standards for all related data products will promote data discovery and reuse.
Correction of truncus arteriosus with truncal valvar stenosis or insufficiency using two homografts

Abstract Surgical correction of truncus arteriosus requires the creation of right ventricular to pulmonary artery continuity and closure of the ventricular septal defect. A variety of conduits have been used including valved and non-valved. Despite a significant incidence of truncal valvar stenosis and insufficiency, this valve has seldom been replaced. We present 4 cases of truncus arteriosus with truncal valvar stenosis or insufficiency that were repaired using two valved homografts: one to create the pulmonary outflow tract and the other to replace the abnormal truncal valve. Two of these patients are doing well after 4 months. Another child survived the operation and did well for 2 months when she died suddenly. The last child died 14 hours postoperatively from low cardiac output syndrome secondary to diabetic hypertrophie cardiomyopathy. When truncal valvar abnormalities are present, the primary repair of truncus arteriosus in an infant should include replacement of the truncal valve. Total correction can be successfully achieved using two valved homografts, resulting in long-term palliation and freedom from thromboembolic events and the use of anticoagulants.
The Effect of Second Phase Properties on the Compression Creep Behavior of MoSi2 Composites

In an effort to enhance the toughness and creep strength of MoSi 2 , the role of various metallic and ceramic reinforcements is being examined. In this work, the effects of an oxide, a carbide and a nitride reinforcement on the compression creep behavior of MoSi 2 are explored. Variations in the deformability of reinforcements and their relative strength and flaw population appear to influence the creep strength of the composites. Refinements in grain size also improve crack tolerance of the composite during deformation at 1200°C.
Medial medullary infarction with central sparing

A 35-year-old woman had cardiac arrest requiring treatment with a left ventricular assist device. After regaining consciousness, examination revealed upbeating nystagmus, otherwise normal bulbar function, left arm dysmetria, and numbness periorally and in areas she described as “a turtleneck of numbness with a T-shirt of sensation” (figure 1).