cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guilt by Innuendo: The GAO’s Political Attack on Agency Training Programs, 1940

In 1940, the Government Accounting Office (GAO) released to Congress a slashing attack on in-house training programs in executive branch departments and agencies. The GAO had always used a strict constructionist approach to evaluate the legality of agency spending on training: Was it explicitly authorized by Congress? However, this report was much more of a broad-ranging political and ideological attack on training programs, including accusations of Communist influence and–contradictorily–influence by the Rockefellers. The report can be seen as one of the major attempts by the Congressional conservative coalition to stem the tide of modern personnel administration in the federal executive branch.
Multiview Canonical Correlation Analysis over Graphs

Multiview canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) looks for shared low-dimensional representations hidden in multiple transformations of common source signals. Existing MCCA approaches do not exploit the geometry of common sources, which can be either given a priori, or constructed from do- main knowledge. In this paper, a novel graph-regularized (G) MCCA is developed to account for such geometry-bearing in- formation via graph regularization in the classical maximum- variance MCCA model. GMCCA minimizes the distance between the sought canonical variables and the common sources, while incorporating the graph-induced prior of these sources. To capture nonlinear dependencies, GMCCA is fur- ther broadened to the graph-regularized kernel (GK) MCCA. Numerical tests using real datasets document the merits of G(K)MCCA in comparison with competing alternatives.
Clinical outcomes and the probability of having one euploidy embryo using aCGH and NGS at different maternal age in PGT-A cycle

Introduction The impact of maternal age on euploidy rate and the outcome of PGT-Aisdemonstrated by many studies. But less understanding of the probability of finding at least one euploidy embryoaccordingto maternal age. In this study, weassess patients of different maternal age group in PGT-A cyclesusing aCGH and NGS: 1. Number of biopsy blastocyst per cycle; 2. Numbers of 2PN needed for aeuploidy embryo; 3. Euploidy rate; 4. The proportion of cycles having at least aeuploidy embryo; 5. Livebirth rate through frozen embryo transfer (FET). Materialand Methods We retrospectively analyzed the PGT-A cycles enrolled from 2012 to 2016. To compare the clinical outcomes, the included data were separated into groups based on maternal age at IVF stimulation start. TE biopsy was performed on Day5 to 7 post-retrieval. All biopsied blastocysts were subjected to vitrification immediately. Biopsied TE cells were analyzed using array-CGH and NGS for all 23 chromosomes. Patients transferred euploidy embryo on progesterone Day6 in FET cycles. Results The age groups for analysis were: 42. The cycles having biopsy were88.0%(22/25), 100%(18/18), 88.5%(23/26), 60%(9/15) and 82.3%(14/17). The number of biopsy blastocyst per cycle were 4.9(108/22), 5.8(105/18), 3.9(90/23), 3.2(29/9) and 1.6(23/14) and the number of 2PN needed for aeuploidy embryo were 6.8(218/32), 4.1(158/39), 7(189/27), 7.8(8/62) and 7.1(50/7). Euploidy rates were 29.6% (32/108), 37.1% (39/105), 30.0% (27/90), 27.6% (8/29), and 30.4% (7/23). The proportion of cycles having at least a euploidy embryo were 68.2%(15/22), 83.3%(15/18), 65.2%(15/23), 66.7%(6/9) and 35.7%(5/14). Pregnancy rate per FET were63.6%(7/11), 77.8%(7/9), 53.3%(8/15), 100%(1/1) and 50%(2/4). Live birth rates per FET were 63.6% (7/11), 77.8% (7/9), 46.7% (7/15), 100%(1/1) and 25% (1/4). Conclusions In the course of PGT-A, the clinical outcomes and live birth rate can be predicted according to maternal age. Maternal age increase does not affect the number of 2PN needed for aeuploidy embryo, but it seems that women aged between 35 and 37are more likelyto benefit from PGT- A (the highestopportunity of having at least a euploidy embryo). The results of this research can assist doctors in patient consultations and help patients set realistic expectations.
Path reconstruction from nontraditional sensor information using subgraph isomorphism algorithms

Many mobile, exploratory machines are instrumented with sensors sensors, including radar, metal, pressure, and temperature, among others, to capture information about an environment. Often, the requirements of this type of data collection include the mapping and positioning of each of the data points but this can be difficult due to environment, operation, or equipment constraints. Traditional sensing sub-systems - such as accelerometers, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), or camera-based vision - are commonly used to record location information. We propose a new tracking methodology that enables the reconstruction of the machine's path when these traditional positioning sensors are not present. We examine our proposed approach by applying it within handheld hazardous object detection. In this work we examine the physical space modeling component of our approach. We show that the ground can be modeled as a set of sub-regions and use relational graphs to represent regions. Using simulated region information we show that the objects path can be solved for using isomorphism algorithms.
Sleep spindles facilitate selective memory consolidation

Sleep has been shown to be critical for memory consolidation, and recent research has demonstrated that this consolidation effect is selective, with certain memories being prioritized for strengthening. Initial strength of a memory appears to be one metric the brain uses to prioritize memory traces for sleep-based consolidation, but the role of consolidation-mediating cortical oscillations, such as sleep spindles and slow oscillations, has not been explored. Here, N=54 participants studied pairs of words to three distinct encoding strengths, with recall being tested immediately following learning and again six hours later. N=36 had a two-hour afternoon nap opportunity following learning, whilst the remaining (n=18) remained awake throughout. Results showed a selective benefit of sleep on memory, with sleep preferentially consolidating weakly encoded items (p=.003). The magnitude of this effect (d=0.90, 95% CI=0.29-1.50) was similar when compared to a previous study examining the benefits of a full night of sleep (d=1.36, 95% CI=0.59-2.12). Within the nap group, consolidation of weakly encoded items was associated with sleep spindle density during slow wave sleep (r=.48, p=.003). This association was present when separately examining spindles coupled (r=.41, p=.013), and uncoupled (r=.44, p=.007) with slow oscillations. Memory was significantly better in individuals who showed an amount of slow oscillation-spindle coupling that was greater than what would be expected by chance (p=.006, d=1.15). These relationships were unique to weakly encoded items, with spindles not correlating with memory for intermediate or strong items. This suggests that sleep spindles facilitate selective memory consolidation, guided in part by memory strength.
Release mechanisms and molecular interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular DNA

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a significant threat for clinicians. Increasing incidents of resistant biofilm infection result in high mortality rates worldwide. There is a considerable current interest in the field of extracellular DNA (eDNA)-mediated P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. eDNA acts as a glue to make biofilm more stable. This review focuses on the diverse mechanisms and factors, which enhance the eDNA release into the extracellular milieu. Furthermore, eDNA-mediated molecular interactions within the biofilm are emphasized. In addition, drug resistance mechanisms due to the versatility of eDNA are discussed. Spatial physiological diversity is expected due to different metabolic activity of bacterial subpopulation present in P. aeruginosa biofilm layers. In P. aeruginosa, eDNA release is accomplished by cell lysis and OMVs (outer membrane vesicles). eDNA release is a spontaneous and multifactorial process, which may be accomplished by PQS, pyocyanin, and lambda prophage induction. Hydrogen peroxide and pyocin trigger cell death, which may facilitate eDNA release. Lung mucosa of cystic fibrosis patients is enriched with eDNA, which acidifies biofilm and develops P. aeruginosa resistance to aminoglycosides. Further studies on spatial and molecular characterization of bacterial subpopulation in biofilm will shed light on eDNA-biofilm interaction more precisely.Key Points• Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a key component of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.• P. aeruginosa eDNA acts as a glue to make biofilm more stronger.• Bacterial cell death or lysis may be the potential way to release P. aeruginosa eDNA into extracellular milieu.• P. aeruginosa eDNA contributes to develop resistance to antimicrobials.
Pressure and Perverse Flights to Familiarity

Under pressure, people often prefer what is familiar, which can seem safer. We show that such familiarity-favoring can lead to choices precisely contrary to the source of felt pressure, thus exacerbating, rather than mitigating, its negative consequences. In Experiment 1, time-pressure increased choices to complete a longer but incidentally familiar task-option, resulting in increased felt stress during task-completion. In Experiment 2, pressure to reach a performance benchmark in a chosen puzzle increased participants‟ choices of an incidentally familiar puzzle that both augured and delivered objectively worse performance (i.e., fewer points obtained). This occurred even when familiarity was established through unpleasant prior experience – akin to a “devil you know” preference under pressure, whereas such negatively familiar options were disfavored in pressure-free situations. These results demonstrate how pressure-induced flights to familiarity can sometimes aggravate rather than ameliorate pressure, and can occur even when available evidence points to the sub-optimality of familiar options.
Applicant factors contributing to interview selection, ranking determination, and judgement of "Fit" among health service psychology internship training programs.

Background The predoctoral internshipAQ4 training year is the capstone training experience for health service doctoral students. Previous research has explored what applicant characteristics are desired by internship sites and has not thoroughly explored differences between types of sites or criteria importance at different stages of applicant consideration (interview vs. ranking). Aims We evaluate current perceptions of doctoral student internship applications by training directors. Materials and methods Internship training directors of APA-accredited sites report on the importance of different application materials during interview and ranking decisions. We also compare these rankings across site types. Results Results indicate that internship sites were generally consistent in their criteria rankings; however, there were also some differences. Intern applicant "fit" continues to be the most important criteria by which applicants are judged at all stages of consideration. Qualitative analysis found that "fit" varied by site across themes of treatment, applicant, and site characteristics. Discussion We discuss implications in their preparation of internship applications. In addition to the practical guidance for students, we discuss how program changes can increase applicant site competitiveness.
Testicular cell types and infection by Zika virus

Abstract The testicle surprisingly emerged as important for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, viral persistence, and sexual transmission. Systemic infection traffics ZIKV to the cells of the testes via the hematogenous or lymphogenous routes. Studies in mice and humans have shown that Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes are preferred targets of ZIKV infection, but Leydig cells in the interstitium are infected sparingly. ZIKV-infected testicular cells may harbor virus/viral RNA for months, suggesting viral persistence. ZIKV destroys infected testicular cells leading to atrophy, which is associated with low testosterone and inhibins levels, and may thus negatively impact fertility in men. Testicular atrophy appears to be a slow process because ZIKV infection of the testis does not cause a dramatic induction of genes that cause apoptotic cell death. Nevertheless, ZIKV infection of the testis is important for persistence and sexual transmission. The ZIKV-host cell relationship is intriguingly complex and requires further study.
Avoiding Moral Bankruptcy

Faced with hundreds of clergy sexual misconduct cases, the Boston Archdiocese hinted that it was considering filing for bankruptcy before later settling the cases. This Article explores the implications for a religious organization of filing for bankruptcy. The Article focuses on four obvious problems with the bankruptcy alternative: the possibility that the case would get kicked out as having been filed in bad faith; the question of what church assets would get pulled into the bankruptcy process; the fact that the church might be subject to intrusive scrutiny in bankruptcy; and the moral implications of a bankruptcy filing. These concerns suggest that religious organizations should only file for bankruptcy as an absolute last resort. Nevertheless, the Article concludes that it may be appropriate to file for bankruptcy under some circumstances if the religious organization commits to paying all of its creditors in full.
Ar-40 intercept values and young apparent /K-40/-/Ar-40/ ages of five Apollo 15 fines

Correlations between Ar-40 and Ar-36 from size fractions of three Apollo 15 fines (15071, 15421, 15501) have been obtained. The Ar-40 intercept values of these fines and of 15091 and 15601 are generally lower than what one would expect for fines resulting from the comminution of rocks having ages of about 3.3 billion yr, typical for basalts of the landing site. This is interpreted to be the result of contamination by ray material from the Copernican age (equal or less than about 1 billion yr) craters, Autolycus and Aristillus, north of the landing site.
Is Education 1.0 Ready for Web 2.0 Students

Web 2.0 is here. Internet users are not only finding information on the Internet; they are also creating and uploading content. What will be the impact on colleges and universities as more digitally savvy students, those who are accustomed to Web 2.0's two-way information exchange, enter their halls? Beginning with an exploration of the meaning and application of Web 2.0, this article considers how Net Generation students with Web 2.0 expectations will reshape institutions of higher education.
Social media alert and response to threats to citizens (SMART-C)

Social media, such as blogs, Twitter, and information portals, have emerged as the dominant communication mechanism of society. Exploiting such input to gain awareness of an incident is a critical direction for research in effective emergency management. In this paper we present an overview of the SMART-C system, which is part of the social media initiative at the Department of Homeland Security. The system aims to enable robust bidirectional communication between emergency management and the public at large throughout the disaster life-cycle via a multitude of devices and modalities including cell phones, MMS messages, text messages, blogs, Twitter, etc. A discussion of the major components of SMART-C and related research challenges is included. These components include mechanisms to model event level semantic information, a platform for implementing multi-sensor fusion, mechanisms for estimating the veracity of information, data cleaning to reduce uncertainty and enhance accuracy of event detection and notification, and spatiotemporal analyses for pattern and trend analyses for higher level observations.
The Cosmological Parameters H_0 and Omega_0

The first section discusses a recalibration of the luminosity-linewidth technique and its use in a determination of H_0. The recalibration introduces (i) new cluster calibration data, (ii) new corrections for reddening as a function of inclination, and (iii) a new zero-point calibration using 13 galaxies with distances determined via the cepheid period-luminosity method. It is found that H_0=82+/-16 km/s/Mpc (95% confidence). The second section concerns a dynamic measurement of Omega_0. The non-linear Least Action method can be used to reconstruct the orbits galaxies have followed to reach their current positions. The three free parameters of the models are M/L, age of the Universe, and a measure of the possible extended nature of dark halos compared with the distribution of light. Models are constrained by 900 observed distances. Best chi^2 fits are for models with M/L values consistent with Omega_0=0.25+/-0.2. The concept of `antibiasing' is introduced in an attempt to reconcile this low estimate of Omega_0 with the results from linear analyses. It is argued that M/L values in elliptical-rich regions are a factor of 7 larger than those in spiral-rich regions. Hence, whereas it is commonly thought that there is the bias that mass is more extended than light, there may be a cosmologically important regime where there is the antibias of mass more concentrated than light. This possibility makes the inferrance of Omega_0 from beta unclear.
Prophylactic melatonin significantly reduces Alzheimer’s neuropathology and associated cognitive deficits independent of antioxidant pathways in AβPP swe /PS1 mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) underlies dementia for millions of people worldwide, and its occurrence is set to double in the next 20 years. Currently, approved drugs for treating AD only marginally ameliorate cognitive deficits, and provide limited symptomatic relief, while newer substances under therapeutic development are potentially years away from benefiting patients. Melatonin (MEL) for insomnia has been proven safe with >15 years of over-the-counter access in the US. MEL exerts multiple complementary mechanisms of action against AD in animal models; thus it may be an excellent disease-modifying therapeutic. While presumed to provide neuroprotection via activation of known G-protein-coupled melatonin receptors (MTNRs), some data indicate MEL acts intracellularly to protect mitochondria and neurons by scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing free radical formation. We examined whether genetic deletion of MTNRs abolishes MEL’s neuroprotective actions in the AβPPswe/PSEN1dE9 mouse model of AD (2xAD). Beginning at 4 months of age, both AD and control mice either with or without both MTNRs were administered either MEL or vehicle in drinking water for 12 months. Behavioral and cognitive assessments of 15-month-old AD mice revealed receptor-dependent effects of MEL on spatial learning and memory (Barnes maze, Morris Water Maze), but receptor-independent neuroprotective actions of MEL on non-spatial cognitive performance (Novel Object Recognition Test). Similarly, amyloid plaque loads in hippocampus and frontal cortex, as well as plasma Aβ1–42 levels, were significantly reduced by MEL in a receptor-independent manner, in contrast to MEL’s efficacy in reducing cortical antioxidant gene expression (Catalase, SOD1, Glutathione Peroxidase-1, Nrf2) only when receptors were present. Increased cytochrome c oxidase activity was seen in 16mo AD mice as compared to non-AD control mice. This increase was completely prevented by MEL treatment of 2xAD/MTNR+ mice, but only partially prevented in 2xAD/MTNR- mice, consistent with mixed receptor-dependent and independent effects of MEL on this measure of mitochondrial function. These findings demonstrate that prophylactic MEL significantly reduces AD neuropathology and associated cognitive deficits in a manner that is independent of antioxidant pathways. Future identification of direct molecular targets for MEL action in the brain should open new vistas for development of better AD therapeutics.
A theory for multiscale stochastic realization

Describes a generalisation theory for a class of multiscale stochastic processes. This realisation problem represents a non-trivial variation on the standard time series stochastic realisation problem. The authors generalize some Gaussian Markov random fields representation results, thereby developing a fuller understanding of what types of stochastic phenomena can be usefully captured by the multiscale framework and how the corresponding models can be built. The authors' theory for multiscale stochastic realization is based on a novel application of the techniques of canonical correlation analysis. These techniques, which rely heavily on the singular value decomposition, constitute a standard analytical tool in both multivariate statistics and in the field of reduced-order modeling of linear systems. Using canonical correlation theory, the authors demonstrate that any given l-D or 2-D Gaussian random process, Markov or otherwise, can be represented by some multiscale model. More importantly, the authors also introduce a family of approximate representations. >
Functional Characterization of the Protease of Human Endogenous Retrovirus, K10: Can It Complement HIV-1 Protease?†

To investigate the biochemical properties of the protease encoded by the human endogenous retrovirus, K10 (HERV-K), 213 amino acids of the 3‘-end of the HERV-K protease (PR) open reading frame were...
OPPOSITE attracts? Rationalizing therapy in rheumatology

Rationalization of therapy in rheumatology has huge potential benefits. Daniel Furst is at the forefront of those seeking to improve the ways that change can be measured in rheumatic diseases in order to provide optimal therapy. Furst also led the OPPOSITE trial and published the findings earlier this year. Furst is the Carl M Pearson Professor of Medicine and Director of the Rheumatology Clinical Research Center at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA. He received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA, in 1968 and completed fellowships in Clinical Pharmacology at the University of California, San Francisco and in Rheumatology at UCLA. His research interests are in the clinical pharmacology of drugs used to treat rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological modifiers. Here he discusses the approaches towards rationalizing therapy and highlights some future directions.
U.S. energy demand and supply scenarios: A retrospective appraisal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences Study by the Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems (CONEAS)

Abstract The paper presents the highlights of the report by the Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems (CONAES) issued in January 1980 by the National Academy of Sciences. The study spans the time period from 1975, taken as a reference point, to the year 2010, with the year 1990 as a convenient mid-point. The anticipated energy demand is based on the assumption that the Gross National Product (GNP) during this period will grow at an average rate of either 2 or 3% and that the cost of energy will either remain constant, double or quadruple. The combination of these factors provides eight different scenarios for energy demand. The estimate of energy supply from various sources is worked out as a function of sociopolitical conditions which may either remain substantially unchanged, enhance energy supply by appropriate political action, or else will drive the growth of energy supply to the limit. These assumptions were the starting point for preparing three scenarios for the energy supply, each with a different mix of energy derived from various sources. By combining the eight demand scenarios with the three supply scenarios, a set of integrated scenarios for the period under study was worked out and analyzed. One conclusion arrived at is that, depending on the policies implemented, vastly different figures (with variations up to 2:1) can be forecasted for energy requirements in the year 2010, without significantly affecting either the standard of living or the lifestyle of Americans.
Imaging evaluation of prostate cancer with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT: utility and limitations

Prostate cancer is a major public health problem in developed countries. The remarkable biological and clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer provides unique opportunities as well as challenges for the diagnostic imaging evaluation of this prevalent disease. The disease is characterized by a natural history that ranges from localized slowly growing hormone-dependent tumor progressing to metastatic hormone-refractory disease. PET is an ideal imaging tool for noninvasive interrogation of the underlying tumor biology. 18F-FDG is the most common PET radiotracer used for oncological applications based upon elevated glucose metabolism in malignant tissue in comparison to normal tissue. FDG uptake in prostate cancer depends on tumor differentiation with low accumulation in well-differentiated tumors and high uptake in aggressive poorly differentiated tumors. Cumulative current evidence suggests that FDG PET may be useful in detection of disease in a small fraction of patients with biochemical recurrence, in the imaging evaluation of extent and treatment response in metastatic disease and in prediction of patient outcome.
Interchain disulfide bonds in immunoglobulins: analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.

Abstract The arrangement of interchain disulfide bonds in immunoglobulins may be determined in a single experiment by two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The noncovalently associated subunits are first separated on a cylindrical acrylamide-gel by electrophoresis under dissociating conditions. The subunits are then subjected to reduction in situ followed by electrophoresis on a slab gel of acrylamide in a direction perpendicular to the first to separate the constituent polypeptide chains (heavy and/or light chains) of the individual subunits.
Post-Streptococcal Antibodies Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Population-Based Cohort

Background Streptococcal infections are known to trigger autoimmune disorders, affecting millions worldwide. Recently, we found an association between post-streptococcal autoantibodies against Protein Disulphide Isomerase (PDI), an enzyme involved in insulin degradation and insulin resistance. This led us to evaluate associations between post-streptococcal antibodies and metabolic syndrome, as defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program definition, 2005.
Further validation of information recorded on a general practitioner based computerized data resource in the united kingdom

Studies have been carried out to evaluate the quality and completeness of the data recorded by GPs on VAMP computers for the purpose of carrying out drug safety studies. In an earlier study of 58 practices we found that clinical diagnoses reflecting the diagnoses noted in the consultant letters were present on the computer 87% of the time. We have now evaluated a further 35 practices. Agreement between the information in the consultant letter and that on the computer was present in 121 of 126 (96%) instances.
THE LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS AND CHEMOTAXONOMY OF JUNIPERUS SECT. JUNIPERUS

The composition of the leaf essential oils of all ten species of Juniperus in sect. Juniperus (=sect. Oxycedrus) are reported and compared (J. brevifolia, J. cedrus, J. communis, J. conferta, J. formosana,. J. navicularis, J. oblonga, J. oxycedrus, J. rigida, J. sibirica). The oils of these Juniperus are all dominated by monoterpenes (α-pinene, sabinene and limonene). The simplest oil was found in J. cedrus (27 components, endemic to the Canary Islands) and the most complex oil was in J. oblonga (82 components). Quantitative data is presented for 138 compounds found in these ten taxa. The far eastern junipers, J. conferta, J. formosana and J. rigida, appear to form a natural group. Systematic and evolutionary relationships are discussed.
The suboptimal control of nonlinear systems using liapunov‐like functions

A technique which calculates approximate solutions to optimal control problems is developed in this work. The technique, which uses an empirically found weighted quadratic Liapunov function to transform the original n-dimensional optimization problem into a scalar optimization problem, is applied to a number of optimal control problems typical of those encountered in chemical engineering practice. The problems considered include both linear and nonlinear, lumped and distributed systems with minimum time, and quadratic and final value type performance indices. The solutions of these control problems show that the Liapunov-like suboptimal method, in general, requires less computer time and storage than that required by iterative and noniterative optimal methods currently used to solve optimal control problems. The reduction in computer storage and time enables the Liapunov-like technique to handle large dimensional control problems with relatively little effort.
When Service Learning meets the Project Approach: Incorporating Service Learning in an early childhood program

The researchers described in this case study how Service Learning was incorporated within the context of an early childhood program where the teachers used the Project Approach. The Service Learning project was embedded in an investigation about water and was designed to help tsunami victims in Asia. Participants included two teachers and 12 children age five to seven in a kindergarten/first grade classroom. Data were collected over one month through observations and interviews. This investigation revealed common features shared by Service Learning and the Project Approach. Findings illustrated how the Project Approach facilitated the implementation of Service Learning.
Hydrogen isotope ratios of individual lipids in lake sediments as novel tracers of climatic and environmental change: a surface sediment test

We determined hydrogen isotope ratios of modern lake-waters and individual lipids from surface sediments of 36 lakes in the eastern North America. The lakes selected lie on two transects (south–north transect from Florida to Ontario and east–west transect from Wisconsin to South Dakota) and encompass large temperature and moisture gradients, and a wide range of lake water δD values (>100‰). The study allows a rigorous test of the applicability of using δD values of sedimentary lipids as paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental proxies. We examined a range of lipids including C17n-alkane, straight chain fatty acids, phytol and sterols in both free extracts and ester-bound fractions in the solvent extracted sediments. Useful isotopic indicators are expected to show a linear correlation and constant fractionation factor between their δD values in surface sediments and modern lake water. Our results demonstrate that several lipid compounds, free and ester-bound palmitic acid (16:0), C17n-alkane, and phytol are useful candidates for paleoclimate reconstructions, in addition to two sterols that have been suggested previously (. Compound-specific D/H ratios of lipid biomarkers from sediments as a proxy for environmental and climatic conditons. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65: 213–222). Authigenic or biogenic carbonate in sediments is conventional material for paleoclimatic study using ocean and lake sediments. However, because majority of lake sediments do not contain suitable carbonate materials for isotopic study, hydrogen isotope ratios of these lipids provide invaluable new sources of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information.
Excited-state properties and emission spectra of nonplanar heterocyclic helicenes.

We discuss the electron-vibration coupling in mono-aza-[5]helicenes on the basis of a Franck−Condon analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra measured in ethanol. The geometries of the initial states were obtained from time-dependent DFT (S1) and unrestricted DFT (T1) excited-state optimizations. In general, the position of the nitrogen atom has only a minor impact on the vibronic fine-structure in both absorption and emission. The shapes of the emission spectra from the lowest singlet and triplet states are found to be determined by contributions from multiple normal modes. The results of the calculations demonstrate how the interplay among these normal modes results in qualitatively and quantitatively different spectra for fluorescence and phosphorescence.
The definitions of self and form in feminist autobiography theory

(1992). The definitions of self and form in feminist autobiography theory. Women's Studies: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 411-429.
Comparison of temperature-dependent hadronic current correlation functions calculated in lattice simulations of QCD and with a chiral Lagrangian model

The Euclidean-time hadronic current correlation functions ${G}_{P}(\ensuremath{\tau},T)$ and ${G}_{V}(\ensuremath{\tau},T)$ of pseudoscalar and vector currents have recently been calculated in lattice simulations of QCD and have been used to obtain the corresponding spectral functions. We have used the Nambu\char21{}Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model to calculate such spectral functions, as well as the Euclidean-time correlators, and have made a comparison to the lattice results for the correlators. We find evidence for the type of temperature dependence of the NJL coupling parameters that we have used in previous studies of the mesonic confinement-deconfinement transition. We also see that the spectral functions obtained when using the maximum-entropy method and the lattice data differ from the spectral functions that we calculate in our chiral model. However, our results for the Euclidean-time correlators are in general agreement with the lattice results, with better agreement when our temperature-dependent coupling parameters are used than when temperature-independent parameters are used for the NJL model. We also discuss some additional evidence for the utility of temperature-dependent coupling parameters for the NJL model. For example, if the constituent quark mass at $T=0$ is $352\mathrm{MeV}$ in the chiral limit, the transition temperature is ${T}_{c}=208\mathrm{MeV}$ for the NJL model with a standard momentum cutoff parameter. (If a Gaussian momentum cutoff is used, we find ${T}_{c}=225\mathrm{MeV}$ in the chiral limit, with $m=368\mathrm{MeV}$ at $T=0.)$ The introduction of a weak temperature dependence for the coupling constant will move the value of ${T}_{c}$ into the range 150\char21{}170 MeV, which is more in accord with what is found in lattice simulations of QCD with dynamical quarks.
A New Multi-Objective Mixed-Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Complex system design problems tend to be high dimensional and nonlinear, and also often involve multiple objectives and mixed-integer variables. Heuristic optimization algorithms have the potential to address the typical (if not most) characteristics of such complex problems. Among them, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has gained significant popularity due to its maturity and fast convergence abilities. This paper seeks to translate the unique benefits of PSO from solving typical continuous single-objective optimization problems to solving multi-objective mixed-discrete problems, which is a relatively new ground for PSO application. The previously developed Mixed-Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (MDPSO) algorithm, which includes an exclusive diversity preservation technique to prevent premature particle clustering, has been shown to be a powerful single-objective solver for highly constrained MINLP problems. In this paper, we make fundamental advancements to the MDPSO algorithm, enabling it to solve challenging multi-objective problems with mixed-discrete design variables. In the velocity update equation, the explorative term is modified to point towards the non-dominated solution that is the closest to the corresponding particle (at any iteration). The fractional domain in the diversity preservation technique, which was previously defined in terms of a single global leader, is now applied to multiple global leaders in the intermediate Pareto front. The multi-objective MDPSO (MO-MDPSO) algorithm is tested using a suite of diverse benchmark problems and a disc-brake design problem. To illustrate the advantages of the new MO-MDPSO algorithm, the results are compared with those given by the popular Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II).© 2014 ASME
Customer value and switching costs in business services: developing exit barriers through strategic value management

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of customer value and its role in building switching costs perceptions. The current research develops scales and empirically validates a typology of customer value for business services.Design/methodolgy/approach – Through an extensive literature review, qualitative interviews, and an empirical investigation, the current study identifies three facets of customer value for business services (i.e. economic value, relational value, and core value) and investigates their relationships with buyers' perceptions of switching costs. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to evaluate a measurement model and structural relationships.Findings – The findings show that economic value and the value obtained from relational and support aspects of a service exert strong positive impact on customers' perceptions of switching costs and thus serve as barriers to exit. Although core service does not seem to have positive impact on switching costs, core ...
Induction and postremission therapy: new agents.

Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not changed in a number of years; so there is a definite need for new therapies. Anthracyclines and cytarabine are still the mainstays of first-line therapy. Novel chemotherapeutic agents, such as temozolomide, an oral alkylating agent, and troxacitabine, a novel nucleotide analog, have been studied, but it is unclear whether they are better than conventional therapy. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a novel targeted therapy, may provide benefit in highly selected patients. Arsenic trioxide is efficacious in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but not in other subtypes of leukemia. The successes of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide in APL suggest that our goal should be to develop novel therapies to target the specific pathophysiologic processes in AML.
Pulsed-laser deposition of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x thin films: processing, properties, and performance

One and two inch diameter wafers of (100) LaAlO3 have been coated with thin films of YBa2Cu3O7_ by a pulsed laser deposition technique. Deposition parameters have been optimized to produce uniform, 90 K films which have surface resistance values between 0.4 and 0.8 mμ at 4 K and 22 GHz.
Natural Contamination in Radionuclide Detection Systems

Through the use of low-level gamma-ray spectrometry, clean material for construction of radionuclide detection systems has been identified. In general aluminum contains high quantities of 232Th and 238U with minimal quantities of 40K. Stainless steels contain 60Co. The radioactive contents of foams, cements, and light reflective materials are quite variable. Molecular sieve materials used in germanium spectrometers contain from 4-9 dpm/g. Only through a judicious choice of materials can a spectrometer with the lowest achievable background be assembled.
Dosimetric optimization of interstitial gene therapy delivery systems

We are developing a novel method for localized gene therapy based on small implantable capsules (GeneSeeds) containing a biological payload. This payload can create a strong local transfection of nearby cells and avoid the problems involved with systemic administration of gene therapy. Numerous different payloads are possible, including direct cytotoxic agents, compounds which inhibit cellular repair mechanisms, or drugs which enhance injury recovery. In order to better understand the dosimetry of the GeneSeed, we are pursuing theoretical, computational, and experimental imaging studies. The basic GeneSeed structure is a titanium cylinder similar in size and shape to a brachytherapy seed, with openings at both ends to allow the payload to diffuse out into the surrounding tissue. By creating holes along the wall of the cylinder, the diffusion of the vector proceeds more quickly and can be made more isotropic. However, the addition of holes to the cylinder also has the negative effect of making the cylinder structurally weaker. Thus, the proper GeneSeed design needs to balance these opposing properties. For simulation of diffusion, we have investigated both a Monte Carlo particle diffusion model and a simple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. For the Monte Carlo model, the gene vector payload is treated as an ensemble of particles, each of which moves along a random walk per unit time. Variance reduction methods are used to screen out impossible paths, such as those which pass through the impervious metal of the cylinder. In the CFD model, the GeneSeed and the surrounding tissues are divided into small volume elements and the transport of the payload is calculated according to Fick's law. For simplicity, the initial studies have been two-dimensional since this enables us to determine the general behavior of the GeneSeed with less computation time. Where possible, in vivo studies measuring transfection rates have been used to scale our results and provide an experimental check on our simulation methodology. To determine structural strength for the GeneSeed, we have employed basic mechanical engineering methods as well as limited finite element analysis. Although the addition of small holes in the cylinder does weaken the overall structure, the expected loads from insertion of the GeneSeed into soft tissue are relatively small. Thus, we have concluded from our study that the dosimetry of the GeneSeed can be significantly enhanced by changes to the cylindrical capsule without having an adverse effect on usability or patient safety. These results will help us to design and manufacture the best possible GeneSeed for use in early stage clinical trials.
Value-Engineering--An Engineer's Heritage and Discipline

Value-engineering is basic in all engineering that creates products with end-use objectives. It is the heritage given to us by all past and contemporary scientists and engineers. Every engineer who has created or improved a commercial product for a highly competitive market knows from experience what value-engineering means. It cannot be learned in two weeks. Value-engineering is a lifetime discipline in applied sciences to produce functional products with minimum expenditure of money and human resources.
Energy-Flux Operator for a Lattice

A systematic derivation of the energy-flux operator for a three-dimensional lattice is given. The treatment is based on the general expressions for the energy flux which are valid for all phases of matter; a short derivation of these expressions, making no restrictions to two-body forces, is presented. The average energy flux is transformed to the phonon representation, and it is shown that the diagonal contribution from the harmonic forces has the familiar form $\ensuremath{\Sigma}{\mathrm{k}s}^{}{N}_{\mathrm{k}s}\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{k}s}{\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{k}s}$. There are, in addition, nondiagonal contributions to the energy flux, even in the harmonic approximation. The significance of these corrections is discussed. The contributions to the average flux from the anharmonic forces and from lattice imperfections are also treated. Finally, the problem of forming wave packets of the plane-wave normal modes to obtain an expression for the local energy flux is considered.
Dielectric constant of iron pyrite (FeS2)

Abstract The dielectric constant ϵ' of FeS 2 is measured at 297 K and 77 K and in the frequency range of 500 Hz-100 kHz using a capacitance bridge. A value of ϵ' = 10.9 ± 0.5 independent of frequency and temperature, is obtained. This value is consistent with the recent reflectivity measurements of Schlegel and Wachter.
SU‐GG‐I‐42: An Anthropomorphic Adult Physical Phantom and Fiber Optic Coupled Point Dosimetry System for the Measurement of Effective and Average Organ Doses of CT Patients

Purpose: Advances in computed tomography(CT) acquisition techniques, primarily multi‐detector CT (MDCT) and cone beam CT(CBCT), make it highly desirable to develop measurement techniques that provide a more physically meaningful measurement of patient dose than the traditional CTdose index (CTDI). The goal of this work was to accurately quantify the organdoses delivered to adult patients during CT exams as a fundamental tool for developing patient dose histories. Method and Materials: A tissue‐equivalent anthropomorphic adult phantom based on a tomographic data set was developed and fabricated at the University of Florida. The adult phantom's physical and radiological parameters are designed to mimic ICRP reference man, and include tissue‐equivalent materials for soft tissue, bone, and lung. Fiber optic‐coupled (FOC) dosimeters, which have been calibrated and characterized across the CT energy range, provide point dosemeasurements for multiple organ locations. The combination of phantom and FOC dosimeters establishes a dosimetrysystem to characterize both internal organdoses and effective dose.Results: The calibrated point detector system provides remote, real‐time dosemeasurements and in conjunction with the adult physical phantom allows for the quantification of absorbed organdosemeasurements for a wide range of MDCT acquisition protocols. Average organdoses were quantified for the prostate, kidneys, liver, and lungs. The point dosimetermeasurement illustrates the significant dose contributions that originate from scattering outside of tissue regions represented by the 15 cm length of CTDI phantoms. FOC dosimeters permit the dose to be displayed as a function of longitudinal position for a variety of scan parameters, aiding in the interpretation of dose comparisons. Conclusion: FOC dosimeters demonstrate high sensitivity, reproducibility, excellent dose linearity, and combined with their small physical size permit accurate point‐dose measurements. The organdoses vary significantly from interpretations of the CTDI, depending strongly on position and scan volume.
Spectral reflectance from a broccoli crop with vegetation or soil as background: influence on immigration by Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae

Light reflectance in five wavebands of the spectrum was measured from broccoli (Brassicae oleracea var. botrytis [L].) interplanted with leguminous cover crops (cover crop background) or broccoli grown as monoculture (bare soil background), and fertilized with compost or synthetic fertilizer. Alate Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera : Aphididae) were monitored in yellow pan water traps and on broccoli leaves. Reflectance intensity was higher with a background of bare soil at all wavebands except blue (400-455 nm) in the early-season. Intensity decreased as broccoli canopy cover increased at all wavebands except blue and green (515-550 nm), declining-most dramatically in the yellow (550-590 nm). Highest late-season intensities were in plots with bare soil background and fertilized with compost (those stressed for nitrogen). Few differences in spectral composition, expressed for each waveband as a percentage of total intensity, were recorded. Numbers of alatae were lowest in cover crop background plots in the early season, reached equivalency with bare soil background by mid-season, and showed highest positive correlations with intensity in the yellow (550-590 nm). Results correspond to laboratory findings that aphids are attracted to higher intensity light, especially in the yellow waveband, and support a phototactic explanation for aphid orientation in the field.