cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does urethral-sparing prostatectomy risk residual prostate cancer?

Abstract Objectives. Urethral length after radical prostatectomy has correlated positively with postoperative urinary continence. Because sparing the prostatic urethra may improve continence after prostatectomy, we evaluated anatomic and pathologic consequences of urethral-sparing surgery. Methods. From February to October 1999, 12 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer received a bladder neck-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy by one surgeon. At the time of operation, the prostatic urethra was anatomically dissected from the prostatectomy specimen and sent separately to pathology to evaluate for the presence of adenoma or prostate cancer. Results. All patients had clinically localized prostate cancer with routine preoperative evaluations, including negative bone scans for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) greater than 10 or Gleason score higher than 7. Pathologic specimens confirmed localized prostate cancer in 7 of 12 specimens. Positive margins were identified in 5, including 2 patients with locally advanced disease. All 12 urethral specimens showed residual prostate adenoma but no prostate cancer. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 16 months with a zero PSA for all evaluated. Conclusions. Residual prostate adenoma is found on dissected urethral specimens during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Although urethral-sparing prostatectomy may improve continence after radical prostatectomy, residual adenoma may confound follow-up PSA results. Furthermore, the malignant potential of the benign periurethral adenoma is unknown. The patient and clinician must understand the implications of residual prostatic tissue when performing urethral-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy.
Clinical Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Cardiologist’s Guide, 2nd Ed

Cardiac rehabilitation has long been prescribed after acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The objectives of cardiac rehabilitation have always been to help patients achieve optimal physical working capacity and to reduce the likelihood of recurrent cardiovascular events. The process usually involves exercise testing, exercise prescription, monitored exercise sessions, and education about nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation, and stress management. When physicians could offer patients little beyond supervision and support during recovery from acute events, an exercise and education program was greatly superior to nothing at all. Indeed, many reports have shown the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation, including lower morbidity and mortality after rehabilitation compared with patients not participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs. During the last 10 years, the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease has changed substantially. Many new drugs are available to treat patients with cardiovascular disease, and the number of interventions performed annually to reduce symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia or acute myocardial infarction has increased enormously. Antihypertensive drugs, antiplatelet drugs, drugs to control lipid metabolism, drugs …
Motion Trajectories for Wide-Area Surveying with a Rover-Based Distributed Spectrometer

A mobile ground survey application that employs remote sensing as a primary means of area coverage is highlighted. It is distinguished from mobile robotic area coverage problems that employ contact or proximity-based sensing. The focus is on a specific concept for performing mobile surveys in search of biogenic gases on planetary surfaces using a distributed spectrometer - a rover-based instrument designed for wide measurement coverage of promising search areas. Navigation algorithms for executing circular and spiral survey trajectories are presented for wide-area distributed spectroscopy and evaluated based on area covered and distance traveled.
Fine-scale chromatin interaction maps reveal the cis-regulatory landscape of human lincRNA genes

High-throughput methods based on chromosome conformation capture have greatly advanced our understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) organization of genomes but are limited in resolution by their reliance on restriction enzymes. Here we describe a method called DNase Hi-C for comprehensively mapping global chromatin contacts. DNase Hi-C uses DNase I for chromatin fragmentation, leading to greatly improved efficiency and resolution over that of Hi-C. Coupling this method with DNA-capture technology provides a high-throughput approach for targeted mapping of fine-scale chromatin architecture. We applied targeted DNase Hi-C to characterize the 3D organization of 998 large intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) promoters in two human cell lines. Our results revealed that expression of lincRNAs is tightly controlled by complex mechanisms involving both super-enhancers and the Polycomb repressive complex. Our results provide the first glimpse of the cell type-specific 3D organization of lincRNA genes.
Synthesis, structure and luminescence of 1,8-diaurionaphthalenes

Reaction of 1,8-dilithionaphthalene with [AuCl(Et3P)] or [Au2Cl2(μ-dppm)] (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphinomethane)) in Et2O/THF leads to formation of bis(triethylphosphine)-1,8-diaurionaphthalene (1) and dppm-1,8-diaurionaphthalene (2), respectively. The dppm ligand present in complex 2 bridges the two gold centers leading to formation of short intramolecular Au–Au distances of av. 2.85 A. Complex 2 reacts with AgPF6 in THF/CH2Cl2 to afford a dicationic Au4Ag2 complex which has been isolated as the bis(hexafluorophosphate) salt (3). In this cluster, two molecules of 2 sandwich two Ag cations resulting in the formation of a Au2AgAu2Ag six-membered ring in which the metal centers are connected by Au–Au (av. 2.84 A) and Au–Ag (av. 2.75 A) metallophilic interactions. This cluster is further stabilized by short Ag–C interactions involving some of the naphthalene carbon atoms. The luminescence spectra of 2 and 3 have been recorded. Both complexes display relatively broad emission bands centered at 540 nm which result, at least in part, from the heavy atom induced phosphorescence of the naphthalene chromophore.
Predictors of emotional distress in family caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.

The purpose of the current paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on predictors of emotional distress in caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to provide evidence-based classification for prognostic variables to guide future research and clinical practice. A search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. The citations of resulting articles were also reviewed. Twenty-eight articles met inclusion criteria and were retained for review. Reviews were conducted in accordance with the 2011 edition of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Guidelines for classifying evidence for prognostic studies. Data abstraction revealed one Class I study, four Class II studies, eight Class III studies, and 15 Class IV studies. Results of the review indicated that caregivers' report of neurobehavioural problems in the person with injury is a probable predictor of emotional distress for caregivers of persons with complicated mild, moderate or severe TBI (Class B evidence). The level of participation in the person with injury, level of support needed by the person with injury, and family systems functioning are probably predictors of emotional distress for caregivers of persons with severe TBI (Class B evidence). Executive functioning impairment in the person with injury, pre-injury emotional distress in caregivers, caregiver age, caregivers' use of emotion-focused coping, and social support may possibly be risk factors for caregivers' emotional distress (Class C evidence). Recommendations for future research and implications for assessment and treatment of family caregivers are discussed.
The effects of vitamin K1-rich plant foods on the efficacy of the anticoagulant rodenticides chlorophacinone and diphacinone, used against Montane Voles (Microtus montanus)

Voles can cause significant losses to agriculture and wood fibre production. California growers typically rely on baits containing chlorophacinone and diphacinone to reduce vole population densities, but the efficacy of those rodenticides has been decreasing. One hypothesis suggests that voles are consuming high levels of an antidote (vitamin K1) to the anticoagulants, contained within green leafy plants. We tested that hypothesis by first feeding Montane Voles (Microtus montanus) diets that were high in vitamin K1, and then providing the animals with either: (1) chlorophacinone-containing bait, (2) diphacinone-containing bait, or (3) a control diet. We found that the chlorophacinone-containing bait remained efficacious (100% mortality), whereas the diphacinone-containing bait had a much lower efficacy (60% mortality). When only the diphacinone-containing bait was presented, the efficacy was somewhat better (80%). We infer that a diet rich in vitamin K1 did not negate the effects of the chlorophacinone fo...
MANAGEMENT THEORY AND TOTAL QUALITY: IMPROVING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE THROUGH THEORY DEVELOPMENT

We introduce this theory-development forum by comparing total quality and management theory at both global and topic-specific levels. Our analysis suggests that management research could be enhanced by incorporating some insights of total quality into management theory. We also conclude, however, that management practice could be improved by incorporating insights from management theory into total quality efforts, and that, in fact, total quality has already incorporated many such insights. Finally, we suggest some directions for theory development and research on total quality.
Cardiomyocyte ATP release through pannexin 1 aids in early fibroblast activation.

Fibrosis following myocardial infarction is associated with increases in arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Initial steps in the development of fibrosis are not clear; however, it is likely that cardiac fibroblasts play an important role. In immune cells, ATP release from pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels acts as a paracrine signal initiating activation of innate immunity. ATP has been shown in noncardiac systems to initiate fibroblast activation. Therefore, we propose that ATP release through Panx1 channels and subsequent fibroblast activation in the heart drives the development of fibrosis in the heart following myocardial infarction. We identified for the first time that Panx1 is localized within sarcolemmal membranes of canine cardiac myocytes where it directly interacts with the postsynaptic density 95/Drosophila disk large/zonula occludens-1-containing scaffolding protein synapse-associated protein 97 via its carboxyl terminal domain (amino acids 300–357). Induced ischemia rapidly increased glycosylation of Panx1, resulting in increased trafficking to the plasma membrane as well as increased interaction with synapse-associated protein 97. Cellular stress enhanced ATP release from myocyte Panx1 channels, which, in turn, causes fibroblast transformation to the activated myofibroblast phenotype via activation of the MAPK and p53 pathways, both of which are involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis. ATP release through Panx1 channels in cardiac myocytes during ischemia may be an early paracrine event leading to profibrotic responses to ischemic cardiac injury.
Geotectonic evolution of the Great Basin

The crust of the Great Basin has occupied a range of tectonic settings through geologic time. Archean and Paleoproterozoic crustal genesis preceded residence of Laurentia within the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia, which rifted in the late Neoproterozoic to delineate the Cordilleran fl ank of Laurentia. Successive stages of Phanerozoic evolution included (1) early to middle Paleozoic miogeoclinal sedimentation along a passive continental margin, (2) late Paleozoic to earliest Mesozoic thrusting of oceanic Antler and Sonoma allochthons over the continental margin in response to episodic slab rollback beneath an offshore Klamath-Sierran islandarc complex, (3) Mesozoic to mid-Cenozoic arc-rear and backarc thrusting, together with pulses of interior magmatism, associated with development of the Cordilleran magmatic arc to the west where subduction and arc accretion expanded the continental margin, and (4) middle to late Cenozoic crustal extension, which involved initial intra-arc to backarc deformation and later transtensional torsion of the continental block inland from the evolving San Andreas transform system. Potential metallogenic infl uences on Great Basin tectonic evolution included transfer of substance from mantle to crust by magmatism and associated metasomatism, and reworking of crustal materials by both magmatism and intracrustal fl uid fl ow, the latter of which was induced both by thermal effects of magmatism and by reconfi guration of flrock masses during multiple episodes of Great Basin deformation.
Reconstruction Of Ct Images By Convex Projections

We use the theory of convex projections (also known as projections onto convex sets) to reconstruct images in CT. Convex projections has been frequently used to recover images from partial data and prior knowledge. In this paper we describe how convex projections can be used directly to reconstruct an image from an arbitrary collection of line integrals and any prior knowledge that might be available.
Gender, social engagement, and limitations in late life

Abstract This study examines gender differences in the pathways among social engagement, physical limitations and cognitive limitations among U.S. older adults. It improves upon previous literature by longitudinally testing both social benefit and selection hypotheses, examining gender differences in these relationships, gaining modeling advantages through structural equation modeling, and by incorporating the frequency of participation in social activities as an important source of social integration that may influence health among older adults. This study uses U.S. panel data of adults aged 60 and older from the Americans’ Changing Lives survey (N = 1642) from 1986, 1989, and 1994 in a cross-lagged panel design to better understand these relationships. For women, the flow is from greater social engagement to lower levels of subsequent physical and cognitive limitations, whereas for men the flow is from greater physical and cognitive limitations to lower levels of subsequent social engagement.
Accumulation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Aging Male Fischer 344 Rats during Long-Term Feeding of Various Dietary Carbohydrates

The observation of accelerated collagen glycation in association with enhanced progression of many age-associated diseases in hyperglycemic subjects has led researchers to propose a role of glycation in the aging process. Although short-term studies in healthy animals suggest that feeding a diet high in fructose may increase serum glucose concentrations and increase glycemic stress, the effects of a long-term feeding, i.e., life span, are unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effects of dietary carbohydrates on serum and tissue markers of glycemic stress. Three-month-old male Fischer 344 rats were given free access to or restricted to 60% caloric intake of one of five isocaloric diets that contained as their carbohydrate source either cornstarch, glucose, sucrose, fructose or equimolar amounts of fructose and glucose. Rats were killed at 9-, 18- or 26-mo of age. Glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose and fructosamine levels were measured as markers of serum glycemic stress. Collagen-associated fluorescence and pentosidine concentrations were measured in skin, aortic, tracheal and tail tendon collagen as markers of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). The source of dietary carbohydrate had little effect on markers of glycemic stress and the accumulation of AGE. Restricting the amount of calories consumed resulted in lower serum glucose concentrations, glycated hemoglobin levels and pentosidine concentrations in tail tendon collagen. Our data suggest that the rate of collagen glycation is tissue-specific. These results suggest that long-term feeding of specific dietary carbohydrates does not alter serum glucose concentrations or the rate of collagen glycation. Rather, age-related accumulation of AGE is more closely related to caloric intake.
Familial aggregation of nutrient intake and physical activity: Results from the San Antonio Family Heart Study

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the extent to which levels of physical activity and nutrient intake aggregate in families, and secondarily, to assess the repeatability of these behavioral measures over a 5-year period. METHODS: Measurements were obtained in a population-based sample consisting of 1364 members of 42 large Mexican American families. Nutrient intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire validated for use in this population. Usual level of physical activity was estimated using a 7-day recall questionnaire. RESULTS: Correlations between baseline (obtained 1992-1995) and follow-up (obtained 1996 to 2000) measures of all behaviors were highly significant ( p p p CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of physical activity and dietary behaviors in this population tracked over 5 years, and there was a significant degree of aggregation of these behaviors within families. Understanding the sources of these family effects may facilitate efforts to improve cardiovascular health.
On the characterization of stereoregular polymers. II. Polypropylene

In this study, a survey has been made of the applicability to the crystallization of partially tactic polypropylene of Flory's theoretical relations concerning crystallization in copolymers. To this end, the crystallinity and modulus of several fractions of polypropylene of varying tacticity were measured and compared with theoretical calculations.
Max-plus algebra model for on-line task scheduling of a reconfigurable manufacturing work-cell

The timed Petri net model introduces the possibility of applying a set of mathematical results, mainly based on the use of max-plus algebra, for performance analysis. This paper aims to build a new scheduling method for a flexible manufacturing work-cell by merging the timed Petri net model and max-plus algebra. The results can be computed as functions of a certain set of decision parameters. These functions can be used to schedule, plan and control the flexible manufacturing work-cell, so that it can real-timely adapt itself to machine faults.
Falcaustra kutcheri n. sp. (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) from Geoemyda yuwonoi (Testudines: Emydidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia

Falcaustra kutcheri n. sp. (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) from feces of the turtle Geoemyda yuwonoi is described and illustrated. Falcaustra kutcheri n. sp. represents the 68th species to be assigned to this genus and is distinguished from other oriental species by the distribution pattern of caudal papillae of the male: 10 pairs of sessile caudal papillae, 4 pairs precloacal, 1 pair adcloacal, 5 pairs postcloacal.
Solvent-Controlled Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Ionic Liquids

The rates of excited-state intramolecular electron transfer in 9-(4-biphenyl)-10-methylacridinium (BPAc+), crystal violet lactone (CVL), and bianthryl have been measured in a variety of ionic liquids using time-correlated single-photon counting. All three of these reactions had previously been studied in conventional dipolar solvents and their reaction rates shown to be controlled by solvation dynamics. The main focus of this work is to ask whether the same relationships between reaction and solvation times already established in dipolar solvents also apply in ionic liquids. In BPAc+, where reaction conforms to a simple two-state kinetic scheme and reaction rates are easily measured, the result is a clear “yes”. In the case of bianthryl, whose spectra reflect the more complex kinetics of a barrierless process, the answer is also yes. In contrast to other recent studies of bianthryl, the present results demonstrate that the same equality between (integral) reaction times and solvation times observed in con...
Cytologic studies of sputum, secretions and serous fluids in malignant lymphoma.

Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma and follicular lymphoma, constituting a group referred to as the "malignant lymphomata," are generally believed to be of neoplastic nature, regardless of varying concepts as to their individual or collective pathogenesis. The frequent involvement of thoracic organs, including the tracheobronchial tree, and serous membranes by these diseases is well established. Since definitive recognition of the group is dependent on cytologic and histopathologic features, it might be hoped that these conditions would lend themselves to diagnosis through cytologic examination of sputum, bronchial secretions and serous fluids, a method that has proved to be of considerable use in recognition of bronchogenic carcinoma. The literature gives small encouragement in this regard. Wandall, in his early report on cytologic studies of sputum, illustrated a case of Hodgkin's disease but did not state whether or not a diagnosis was rendered before histologic material became available. Castro-Mendoza also reported recognition of malignant cells in sputum in Hodgkin's disease, and Florentin and his co-workers reported positive identification of Stemberg-Reed cells in bronchial secretions from a patient who later was proved to have Hodgkin's disease on lymph-node biopsy. Jackson and her associates described a case of lymphosarcoma, apparently primary in the lung, in which exfoliated lymphoid cells were found in the sputum and reported as malignant. Foot, in a recent study of neoplastic cells in serous fluids, reported the correct diagnosis of 12 of 18 lymphoid tumors through the cytologic approach. In the course of routine cytologic examination for malignant cells at the Rochester Methodist Hospital, we have coincidentally accumulated some experience in relation to the findings in patients afTected with malignant lymphoma. This report summarizes our experience.
The Cell Content Of Milk...

During the past few years the cell content of milk has received considerable attention. Those who first discovered the fact that milk contained cells supposed these cells were leukocytes. Whenever there is inflammation or suppuration there are always large numbers of pus cells, and according to Bergey a pus cell is simply a dead leukocyte. For the reason that leukocytes are found under inflammatory conditions it was supposed that the presence of these cells in milk indicated an inflammatory condition of the udder. While most investigators agree that some of the cells found in milk are leukocytes it is by no means certain that some of them are not epithelial cells. It was supposed that the number of cells found in milk was of prime importance in determining the presence or absence of inflammation.
Photoactivation and Saturated Emission in Blended Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Blended poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1′,3}-thiadiazole)] (PFBT)/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) conjugated polymer nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by conventional and single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. The particles exhibit red emission and improved quantum efficiency resulting from highly efficient energy transfer from donor PFBT to acceptor MEH-PPV as well as suppression of MEH-PPV aggregation. Photobleaching results indicate better photostability in the blended sample compared to undoped MEH-PPV nanoparticles and photoactivation of donor emission, which could be useful for single-molecule localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Single blended nanoparticles exhibit bright fluorescence as well as saturation behavior at very low excitation intensities. These and other properties of the blended conjugated polymer nanoparticles could provide substantial improvements in resolution when employed in super-resolution micr...
Weibull mixture regression for marginal inference in zero-heavy continuous outcomes:

Continuous outcomes with preponderance of zero values are ubiquitous in data that arise from biomedical studies, for example studies of addictive disorders. This is known to lead to violation of standard assumptions in parametric inference and enhances the risk of misleading conclusions unless managed properly. Two-part models are commonly used to deal with this problem. However, standard two-part models have limitations with respect to obtaining parameter estimates that have marginal interpretation of covariate effects which are important in many biomedical applications. Recently marginalized two-part models are proposed but their development is limited to log-normal and log-skew-normal distributions. Thus, in this paper, we propose a finite mixture approach, with Weibull mixture regression as a special case, to deal with the problem. We use extensive simulation study to assess the performance of the proposed model in finite samples and to make comparisons with other family of models via statistical information and mean squared error criteria. We demonstrate its application on real data from a randomized controlled trial of addictive disorders. Our results show that a two-component Weibull mixture model is preferred for modeling zero-heavy continuous data when the non-zero part are simulated from Weibull or similar distributions such as Gamma or truncated Gauss.
Liver-Directed Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to increase world-wide. Many patients present with advanced disease with extensive local tumor or vascular invasion and are not candidates for traditionally curative therapies such as orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) or resection. Radiotherapy (RT) was historically limited by its inability to deliver a tumoricidal dose; however, modern RT techniques have prompted renewed interest in the use of liver-directed RT to treat patients with primary hepatic malignancies. Summary: The aim of this review was to discuss the use of external beam RT in the treatment of HCC, with particular focus on the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We review the intricacies of SBRT treatment planning and delivery. Liver-directed RT involves accurate target identification, precise and reproducible patient immobilization, and assessment of target and organ motion. We also summarize the published data on liver-directed RT, and demonstrate that it is associated with excellent local control and survival rates, particularly in patients who are not candidates for OLT or resection. Key Messages: Modern liver-directed RT is safe and effective for the treatment of HCC, particularly in patients who are not candidates for OLT or resection. Liver-directed RT, including SBRT, depends on accurate target identification, precise and reproducible patient immobilization, and assessment of target and organ motion. Further prospective studies are needed to fully delineate the role of liver-directed RT in the treatment of HCC.
Expression of dengue virus type I-IV envelope genes and application of recombinant antigens in serologic diagnosis

Objective To obtain the purified recombinant protein used for serologic diagnosis of dengue virus infection,dengue virus type Ⅰ to Ⅳ envelope genes were amplified from type Ⅰ to Ⅳ strains by reverse transcription PCR.Methods The PCR products were ligated with plasmid pET-30a and transformed into E.coli competent cells BL21(DE3)to express recombinant proteins.The expressed products were purified by electroelution.The purified recombinant proteins were applied to test sera by indirect ELISA, captured ELISA and sandwiched ELISA.The results were compared with those tested by IFA.Results The recombinant proteins were yielded highly in E.coli.Sera from patients infected with dengue virus could be highly detected by recombinant proteins.The results were in excellent agreement with those obtained by IFA.Conclusion Dengue virus type Ⅰ to Ⅳ envelope domain Ⅲ were successfully expressed in E.coli and the recombinant proteins could be applied as antigens for dengue serum detection.
Aneurysmal bone cyst of the calcaneus in a child:case report and review of literature

[Objective] Aneurysmal bone cyst of the calcaneus is an uncommon entity.The purpose of the report is to describe aneurysmal bone cyst of the calcaneus seen in a child.[Methods]The clinical,radiological and histopathologic findings of a boy with aneurysmal bone cyst of the calcaneus were retrospectively analyzed with reference to literature.[Results]The tumor mainly involved the right calcaneus.He was treated successfully after the curettage and bone grafting.Histopathological examination revealed an aneurysmal bone cyst of the right calcaneus.He is now disease-free for 2 years,and no sign of recurrence was found.[Conclusion]Aneurysmal bone cyst of the calcaneus is an uncommon entiy.To simple aneurysmal bone cyst,curettage and bone grafting are effective therapic method.
The Oppression of Spain’s Protestants and Jews: Neutralizing the Franco Regime’s Key US Reputational Threat

As the Franco regime worked assiduously in the early postwar period to make inroads of acceptance in the US via tourism, Hollywood productions in Spain and various public relations strategies, these efforts were being undermined by an ongoing, self-produced reputational crisis: Spain’s oppressive policies toward the country’s non-Catholic minorities, primarily Protestants and Jews. The discriminatory “tolerance” imposed on these groups by the regime in World War II’s aftermath incensed co-religionists and a broad swath of liberals in America, which resulted in an ongoing barrage of US secular and religious media invective and political activism that for over a decade and a half kept the Spanish dictatorship perpetually on the back foot. It was only with the advent in 1957 of Fernando Maria Castiella as Minister of Foreign Affairs, who brought with him the conviction that these oppressive policies were both substantively wrong and inimical to Spain’s international reputation and goals, that the regime began to slowly move toward granting religious liberty to Spanish non-Catholics.
3D Printing in Libraries: A View from Within the American Library Association: Privacy, Intellectual Freedom and Ethical Policy Framework

EDITOR'S SUMMARY Two fundamental purposes of libraries are to provide access to information and enable freedom of expression. Digital technologies have spurred the American Library Association to examine patron use of 3D printing technology in light of intellectual freedom policy. Libraries are strongly encouraged to proactively formulate and implement acceptable use policies regarding their 3D printers. The policy statement should address the library's mission to nurture creative expression; express policies in a straightforward, positive tone without repeating existing laws; outline the process for creating, submitting and retrieving a work; and define terminology. The ALA's own policy and advocacy documents support statements on the ethics of access for all, intellectual freedom regarding content, avoidance of anything illegal, patron privacy, and libraries as public forums promoting user interaction with information where any restrictions are content neutral.
Methodology: Several epistemological problems related to the concept of systems

A brief historical background for the general systems theory to appear, and the following problems are discussed. 1. How do we know which definition of general systems will comfort us with the following ideal outcome: the general systems theory, based on the definition, will offer a solid and unified theoretical foundation for all systems analysis methods developed in different fields ? 2. What is the difference of the concept ''set'' in theories and in applications ? 3. How can the general systems theory be built on the axiomatric set theory ? 4. Why is mathematics so unreasonably effective in the study of natural science ? 5. What is the meaning of truth ? 6. Is the general systems theory a language of science and technology ? 7. How can some results and concepts in systems theory be applied to unify different concepts in different fields ?
Newsworthiness of Missing Persons Cases: An Analysis of Selection Bias, Disparities in Coverage, and the Narrative Framework of News Reports

ABSTRACTMedia coverage varies as a function of demographic and situational characteristics such that more “newsworthy” cases feature greater exposure. This study examines case characteristics associated with various levels of media attention for missing persons cases, as well as the framing of news reports. Including missing persons cases that received media attention as well as those that did not allowed for a greater understanding of the factors related to the degree of media exposure. Disparities in coverage were seen based on race and age. In addition, the narratives of the reports were framed as cautionary tales and victims were seen as active participants in their disappearance.
Nabokov and Dostoevsky: Good Writer, Bad Reader?

Connolly examines Nabokov’s published university lectures on the work of Dostoevsky to determine the accuracy of his claims about the artistic qualities of Dostoevsky’s fiction. Nabokov was often severe in his estimation of Dostoevsky’s artistic merit. Yet while Nabokov repeatedly emphasized the primacy of “art” over ideas, or esthetics over moral content, Connolly shows how his own lectures do not always exemplify this ideal. That is, Nabokov’s evaluation of Dostoevsky’s works seems concerned more with ethical, ideological, and religious issues than with what might be called esthetic criteria (such as style, language, or structure). “Nabokov and Dostoevsky: Good Writer, Bad Reader?” argues that if readers look at Dostoevsky’s work using Nabokov’s own preferred criteria, they will find that Dostoevsky’s works often meet those very criteria.
Transient Aqueous Pores: A Mechanism for Coupling Electric Fields to Bilayer and Cell Membranes

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the basic concepts underlying the interaction of electric fields with hypothetical transient aqueous pores in bilayer membranes. The motivation for this theory is the explanation of several dramatic, high field phenomena which occur in artificial bilayer and cell membranes. A basic hypothesis is that transient aqueous pores can be present because of thermal fluctuations. First the relation between applied fields and the resulting changes in transmembrane potential, a transduction process, is described. Because the signal-to-noise ratio is important to understanding any transduction, an estimate of fundamental fluctuations in the transmembrane potential is considered, and found not to be limiting. The high field transient aqueous pore theory is then reviewed, with an emphasis on the electrical coupling to bilayer membranes by means of pores. Finally, the ability of the present theory to quantitatively describe several dramatic high field phenomena is discussed, possible weak field interactions are identified, and some of the limitations of the present theory are noted.
Visualization of Salt-Induced Stress Perturbations

An important challenge encountered during post-processing of finite element analyses is the visualizing of three-dimensional fields of real-valued second-order tensors. Namely, as finite element meshes become more complex and detailed, evaluation and presentation of the principal stresses becomes correspondingly problematic. In this paper, we describe techniques used to visualize simulations of perturbed in-situ stress fields associated with hypothetical salt bodies in the Gulf of Mexico. We present an adaptation of the Mohr diagram, a graphical paper and pencil method used by the material mechanics community for estimating coordinate transformations for stress tensors, as a new tensor glyph for dynamically exploring tensor variables within three-dimensional finite element models. This interactive glyph can be used as either a probe or a filter through brushing and linking.
Lightweight modular staging (LMS): generate all the things! (keynote)

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in staging and generative programming, driven by the increasing difficulty of making high-level code run fast on modern hardware. While the mechanics of program generation are relatively well understood, we have only begun to understand how to develop systems in a generative way. The Lightweight Modular Staging (LMS) platform forms the core of a research agenda to make generative programming more widely accessible, through powerful libraries and a growing selection of case studies that illuminate design patterns and crystallize best practices for high-level and effective generative programming. This talk will reflect on the foundations of LMS, on applications, achievements, challenges, as well as ongoing and future work.
Theory of multiwave mixing within the superconducting kinetic-inductance traveling-wave amplifier

Traveling-wave parametric amplifiers may be fabricated from superconducting films that exhibit highly nonlinear kinetic inductance. The coplanar waveguide of such a microwave device, extending to a meter or more in length but compacted to reside on a chip of the order of a square centimeter, is engineered with periodic variations in its width. These width variations, or loadings, alter the dispersion characteristics of a nonlinear current propagating along the waveguide, changing its group velocity and modulation behavior. A strong pump and a small signal injected into one end of the waveguide mix parametrically in the presence of the nonlinear kinetic inductance. Engineered dispersion induces the favorable conditions of overall phase matching, leading to generation of idler products as well as signal amplification of wide bandwidth, high dynamic range, and low noise, making the device of particular use in quantum computing and photon detection. The authors present a theoretical framework in which signal gain may be calculated solely from loading design. This involves construction of a metamaterial band theory of the engineered dispersion, which is used as a basis to describe the mixing of nonlinear traveling waves.
Control of Platelet Adhesion by Rigidity Sensing at the Surface of Fibrin Clot.

Abstract Thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury must occur quickly to reduce blood loss, but is carefully controlled to limit vessel occlusion. Arrest of bleeding is mediated by adhesion and aggregation of platelets and the formation of the fibrin clot. While the interactions responsible for platelet adhesion and thrombus growth have been extensively researched, the mechanisms that limit platelet adhesion are not clear. We have previously demonstrated that plasma fibrinogen is a potent inhibitor of integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion to fibrin clots and surface-bound fibrinogen, and have provided evidence that fibrinogen reduces cell adhesion by binding to the surface of fibrin rather than blocking leukocyte integrins. Accordingly, cells that engage fibrinogen molecules loosely bound to fibrin (soft substrate) are not able to consolidate their grip on the surface; subsequently, cells detach. Conversely, cells that adhere to the naked fibrin clot (rigid substrate) adhere firmly. Since fibrin and immobilized fibrinogen support platelet adhesion, we examined the effect of soluble fibrinogen on integrin αIIbβ3-mediated adhesion. We show that the anti-adhesive fibrinogen layer formed on the surface of fibrin inhibits platelet adhesion. We also demonstrate that fibrinogen immobilized on plastic at high densities (>20 μg/ml) supports weak platelet adhesion whereas at low concentrations (∼2 μg/ml) it is highly adhesive. An investigation of the mechanism underlying differential platelet adhesion indicates that platelet adhesion to rigid substrates (low-density fibrinogen and naked fibrin gel) induces much stronger phosphorylation of FAK and Syk kinases than that to soft substrates (high-density fibrinogen and fibrin exposed to soluble fibrinogen). Furthermore, the rigid, but not the soft substrates induce recruitment of signaling molecules talin and skelemin to αIIbβ3-containing focal adhesions. Consistent with their limited ability to induce sufficient signaling, soft substrates do not support platelet spreading. These data suggest that circulating fibrinogen prevents stable platelet adhesion by modifying the mechanical properties of the fibrin clot's surface which results in reduced force generation and insufficient signaling.
Characteristics of Parents of Children with ADHD Who Never Attend, Drop Out, and Complete Behavioral Parent Training

Behavioral parent training (BPT) is an evidence-based intervention for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disruptive behavior disorders in youth. Although efficacious, dropout from BPT is a notable issue, particular for high-risk families. The literature suggests that parental factors (stress, psychopathology and cognitions) may be particularly important in understanding which parents dropout from BPT. To date, however, limited attention has been given to how these factors may be related to dropout at varying points during BPT. Secondary data analyses from a completed clinical trial of a traditional BPT intervention is presented herein. Forty participants were classified into three groups based on timing of dropout from BPT (enrolled in but never attended BPT; dropped out during BPT, and completed BPT). Parent-level factors (stress, depressive symptoms, parental efficacy, and parental attributions for child behavior) were assessed at baseline and post-treatment (parental perceived barriers to treatment) to determine if these factors were differentially related to dropout group status. Results suggested that parents who never attended BPT were more likely to have lower parental efficacy and greater maladaptive attributions regarding their child compared to parents who dropped out from BPT and those who completed BPT. Moreover, parents perceptions of the relevance of BPT was lower in the never attended group and the dropped out from BPT group compared to the completed BPT group. Results of the study have implications for tailoring engagement strategies focused on parental cognitions throughout the process of BPT, particularly for high-risk families.
Market-based innovation for sustainable competitive advantage

New technology and product-based innovation are an important catalyst for new markets. However, as nascent markets mature, imitation becomes rampant, products become more commoditized, and firms must shore-up their value proposition to avoid strictly cost-based (scorched earth) competition. The term used in Marketing to describe this is "differentiation". The essence of differentiation is turning the dials of the marketing mix (product, people, price, place, promotion) to create an offering that is the most attractive to current or potential customers. In order to differentiate, the mix must be "different" in a very good way - that means in a way that is both important and valuable. Creating this type of game-changing differentiation requires innovation - creating unique offerings with an unmatched and previously unseen value proposition. This process is called market-based innovation. When market-based innovation is based on the core competencies of an organization then it can also lead to sustainable competitive advantage. Of course, sustainable competitive advantage is the key to market domination over the long haul. In this paper we will discuss several examples of successful market-based innovations and explore techniques for putting these principle to work in any organization.
Improved Parent Cognitions Relate to Immediate and Follow-Up Treatment Outcomes for Children With ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

We investigated treatment effects on parenting self-efficacy and parent cognitive errors, and whether these parent cognitions are related to short- and long-term outcomes in parenting behaviors in psychosocial treatment for youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-I). In a randomized controlled trial across two sites (University of California, San Francisco, and University of California, Berkeley), 199 children between the ages of 7 and 11 were randomized to the Child Life and Attention Skills (CLAS; n = 74) program, parent-focused treatment (PFT; n = 74), or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 51). Parents reported on self-efficacy, cognitive errors, positive parenting, and negative parenting prior to treatment, immediately after treatment, and in the next school year at follow-up. Compared to TAU, CLAS and PFT had higher posttreatment parenting self-efficacy, and CLAS alone had lower posttreatment parent cognitive errors. At follow-up, only CLAS had improved parent cognitive errors compared to TAU. No other between-group differences were found in parenting self-efficacy or cognitive errors. Improved parenting self-efficacy was associated with improved posttreatment negative parenting outcomes for PFT and CLAS, and improved parent cognitive errors were also related to improvements in positive and negative posttreatment parenting outcomes for CLAS. Posttreatment parenting self-efficacy mediated follow-up negative parenting outcomes for CLAS and posttreatment parent cognitive errors mediated improved follow-up positive and negative parenting outcomes for CLAS. PFT and CLAS led to enhanced parenting self-efficacy, and CLAS appears especially robust in improving parent cognitive errors both in the short and long term. Pathways provide support for the possibility of parent cognitions as mediators of treatment effects on parenting; clinical focus on such cognitions may be useful.
Nano-Assembly of Pamitoyl-Bioconjugated Coenzyme-A for Combinatorial Chemo-Biologics in Transcriptional Therapy.

Pathogenesis, the biological mechanism that leads to the diseased state, of many cancers is driven by interruptions to the role of Myc oncoprotein, a regulator protein that codes for a transcription factor. One of the most significant biological interruptions to Myc protein is noted as its dimerization with Max protein, another important factor of family of transcription factors. Binding of this heterodimer to E-Boxes, enhancer boxes as DNA response element found in some eukaryotes that act as a protein-binding site and have been found to regulate gene expression, are interrupted to regulate cancer pathogenesis. The systemic effectiveness of potent small molecule inhibitors of Myc-Max dimerization has been limited by poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and inadequate target site penetration. The potential of gene therapy for targeting Myc can be fully realized by successful synthesis of a smart cargo. We developed a “nuclein” type nanoparticle “siNozyme” (45 ± 5 nm) from nanoassembly of pamitoyl-bioco...
Monet’s Revealing Light: Evolution and Devolution

Light is ephemeral and elusive in itself and yet it is revealing and defining. As such it has served as a manifestation of Divinity, as the first thing created and as creative force itself. It is a symbol, then, of life and of truth as well as goodness. Yet as with all things it is more fully comprehended with in opposition to something, and nature has given us darkness with its aspects of primordial chaos, destruction and death. Light’s opposite is not as negative as this suggests for light emerges from darkness; germination and creation take place in darkness, and while life seeks light it ultimately returns to darkness. The opposition of one to the other is essential to both light and dark.