cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and quantification of apolipoproteins in addition to apo[a] and apo B-100 in human lipoprotein[a].

Abstract The protein moiety of Lp[a] is widely believed to consist of one molecule of apo B-100 and one molecule of apo[a] per particle, linked by at least one disulfide bond. In this study we have re-examined the composition of Lp[a] to determine if other less abundant apolipoproteins might be present. Analysis of Lp[a] by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide electrophoresis under reducing conditions showed bands corresponding to 50 kD, 40 kD, 26 kD, 23 kD and 9 kD when stained with silver. Western immunoblot analysis of three preparations of Lp[a] revealed the presence of apoE and apoD. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to quantify apoA-I, apoA-II, apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, apoE and apo B-100 in Lp[a] and autologous LDL isolated from three healthy males. There is a significant amount of apoA-I in the Lp[a], although the levels varied widely among the different samples. ApoE concentrations were consistent in the three Lp[a] samples and were beween 22 and 26% of relative apo B-100 concentrations. Relatively minor amounts of apoA-II and no apoCs were detectable in the three Lp[a] preparations. In contrast, the autologous LDL preparations contained relatively higher amounts of apoA-I, apoA-II, apoE, apoC-I, apoC-II and apoC-III. The identity of the multiple bands corresponding to 54 kD and 9 kD is not established.
On Rereading van Heijenoort’s Selected Essays

This is a critical reexamination of several pieces in van Heijenoort’s Selected Essays that are directly or indirectly concerned with the philosophy of logic or the relation of logic to natural language. Among the topics discussed are absolutism and relativism in logic, mass terms, the idea of a rational dictionary, and sense and identity of sense in Frege.
Public attitudes regarding willingness to participate in medical research studies.

Abstract The recruitment of adequate numbers of people to participate in medical research studies is an ongoing problem for biomedical researchers. Although the general public has come to expect and demand that the biomedical community develop new, safe and effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of diseases, that same public is not aware of the important role that public participation plays in the development of medical advances. Much is known about willingness to participate in research studies from the perspectives of patients, survivors, and those at-risk for getting a particular disease. However, little is known about the attitudes and willingness of the general public to participate in medical research. Yet, it is this population that comprises the potential pool of participants for future treatment and prevention studies. In order to examine public attitudes toward and support for medical research, a random digit dial telephone survey was conducted with 489 persons in southwestern Penn...
Learning airway management skills: guidelines for pediatrics.

Respiratory failure accounts for the majority of pediatrie cardiac arrests. 1 Rapid resuscitation of pediatric patients who are apneic but who still have a palpable pulse can lead to almost 97% survival. 2 This requires knowledge of endotracheal intubation, bag-valve-mask ventilation, and familiarity with rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia. 2 Therefore, learning safe and effective emergency airway management is an essential component of the training of pediatric and family practice residents. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of literature addressing how pediatric intubation and mask ventilation skills should be taught or evaluated. This is a review of the airway management training literature and an outline of an improved method for teaching residents adequate airway management skills that ensure the highest degree of patient safety. To our knowledge, there are no published data on how pediatric residents are currently learning intubation skills. Most pediatric residents acquire intubation skills as they care for patients
Characteristics of the ITCZ over the Eastern Pacific, 5–8 June 1979

Abstract The thermal and moisture structures of the ITCZ over the Eastern Pacific-Central American region have been studied during a selected four-day period in June 1979 (FGGE). Composite structures were constructed by using soundings gathered from dropwindsondes, tropical wind observing ships, and land stations. The composited temperature structure shows that the ITCZ is cold-cored at middle levels and warm-cored at upper levels. At low levels, there is neither a distinct maximum or a minimum in the ITCZ; instead, there is a gradual decrease in temperature as one crosses the ITCZ from north to south. The moisture shows that the ITCZ, as expected, is characterized by a maximum moisture content. The maximum dew-point depression differences between the ITCZ and the environment are found at middle levels. These composites indicate that the ITCZ structure over the Eastern Pacific-Central American region on 5–8 June 1979 is similar to that of the easterly wave. This similarity in structure suggests a correspo...
A Computer-Assisted Investigation of Gender-Related Idiolect in Octavio Paz and Rosario Castellanos

This study reports on computer-aided investigation of salient differences in the essay idiolects of the Mexican writers Octavio Paz and Rosario Castellanos and suggests that some of them may be linked to gender. It describes use of ready-made software and computational strategies requiring no tagging and minimal ocular scan. It suggests some parameters that can be searched and in most cases quantified to explore characteristics posited by linguistic and literary scholars, taking into consideration the particular language and culture of the authors.
Interplay of disorder and electron-phonon coupling in models of polyacetylene

We present, within the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, analytical and numerical calculations of the effects of two types of model impurities, namely bond and site, on the statics and dynamics of the lattice structure, and adiabatically associated one-electron spectrum, of trans-polyacetylene. For both types of impurities two or more localized electronic levels are produced, which may be in the intragap region or beyond the \ensuremath{\pi}-band edges (ultraband). Linear-response calculations of the induced lattice defects are in good agreement with the numerical calculations. A numerical study of kink-impurity dynamics shows that a kink may be reflected, transmitted, or trapped by the impurity depending on both the impurity strength and the topology of the impurity-induced lattice defect. A kink trapped by a site impurity of sufficient strength is found to have no midgap level but is supported by a level beyond the edge of the \ensuremath{\pi} band. We also find that the trapping of a kink by a site impurity may result in the production of a potentially long-lived polaron. Such strong electron-phonon renormalization effects on the electronic structure in the presence of disorder are also found for bond impurities, where ultraband levels may form at the expense of more localized intragap levels. Photoexcitation experiments in the defected system produce the full range of nonlinear excitations: kinks, breathers, polarons, excitons, and trapped kinks. We calculate the optical absorption spectra in typical experiments and identify extrinsic intragap absorption.
Developing Implicit Uncertainty Visualization Methods Motivated by Theories in Decision Science

Agreement between public policy decision makers and geographic information systems and visualization researchers about the importance of uncertainty in decision support sits in contrast to a discon...
World-state formation: historical processes and emergent necessity

Abstract Recent studies of processes operating in the modern world system imply that the continued existence of the interstate system—the system of multiple, competing, and unequally powerful states—may be a luxury which humanity cannot afford. Because of the destructiveness of modern weaponry the continuation of the legitimacy of warfare as a method for resolving disputes is incompatible with the survival of our world civilization and perhaps also with the survival of life on Earth. This paper examines theories which purport to explain the longevity and structural basis of the contemporary interstate system. These have implications for the possibility of global state formation. Comparative research shows that the modern interstate system is unusually long-lived. I argue that the emergence of capitalist commodity production accounts for the structural resistance of the contemporary interstate system to transformation into a ‘universal empire’. The processes of hegemonic rise and fall of states which operate within the modern system differ significantly from earlier world systems in which capitalist commodity production was less fully institutionalized. Modern hegemonic core states support the multicentric political structure of the interstate system, while dominant states in earlier systems tried to create system-wide imperium. This analysis of the relationship between the logic of accumulation and processes of political centralization has implications for the possibilities of developing a world polity which can prevent the usage of weapons of mass destruction.
NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COUPLED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROBLEMS WITH AN APPLICATION TO TIMBER DRYING

A finite element formulation and solution of a set of nonlinear coupled heat and mass transfer equations for porous capillary media is presented. The model considers temperature and moisture dependent material properties and can accomodate diffusion of moisture as either a liquid or a vapor. Application was made to drying of timber and predicted results agreed well with the experimental data.
A Year in the College Life: Evidence for the Social Investment Hypothesis via Trait Self-Control and Alcohol Consumption.

Abstract The present study examined 12-month prospective relations among trait self-control, subjective role investment, and alcohol consumption in a sample of university students (N = 129). Using neo-socioanalytic theory and the social investment hypothesis as guiding frameworks, it was expected that greater initial role investment would predict greater self-control and less alcohol consumption at follow-up. Path analyses showed higher initial levels of subjective college student role investment predicted greater subsequent self-control and lower drinking amounts, controlling for initial standing on self-control and alcohol consumption. Greater initial trait self-control also predicted subsequent lower alcohol consumption. The discussion emphasizes the importance of incorporating subjective role investment, in addition to nominal role participation, in developmental accounts of personality traits, social identity, and behavior.
Effect of heart irregularity on left ventricular and arterial peak systolic pressures in aortic stenosis.

In aortic stenosis, systemic arterial peak systolic pressure may remain relatively steady in the face of marked, arrhythmia-induced, variations in left ventricular peak systolic pressure. A possible basis for this phenomenon is presented. It is suggested that beat-to-beat variations in the systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve region may not always reflect variations in stroke volume.
A comparison of unguided vs guided case-based instruction on the surgery clerkship.

Background Guided case-based instruction is an effective and efficient means of learning for third year medical students on the surgery clerkship. Compared with an unguided format for teaching biliary disease, we observed greater student satisfaction as well as a more efficient utilization of student as well as faculty time with the guided instruction. Objective While case-based instruction (CBI) has become an extremely popular teaching modality during the first 2 years of medical school, there has been little published regarding its utilization during the clinical years of medical school. The purpose of our study was to compare guided CBI (G-CBI) to unguided CBI (UG-CBI) during the surgery clerkship. Design From July 2007 to July 2008, we utilized a UG-CBI format to teach biliary disease, formerly taught by a standard lecture. The unguided style is used by our institution for the first 2 years of medical school education, where the role of the facilitator is minimal. From July 2008 to December 2010, we changed to a G-CBI format where 5 different clinical scenarios were presented that all dealt with some form of biliary disease. A Likert-like scale was used to analyze student opinion comparing guided to the traditional unguided format. Questions regarding biliary disease contained in the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) shelf examination, given to all students at the end of the rotation, were also compared between the 2 groups. Cohen's d statistic was used to assess effect size. Setting The study took place at the University of Arizona College of Medicine. Participants There were 88 students in the UG-CBI group and 146 in the G-CBI group. Results Ninety-six percent of the students preferred G-CBI over the unguided format utilized during the basic science years. Eighty-two percent felt that the guided format sessions were a more efficient method of instruction and 91% of students agreed or strongly agreed that time was more efficiently utilized in preparing for the case discussion during the guided format. Shelf examination scores analyzing biliary disease questions (2-4 per examination) showed a moderate size effect favoring the G-CBI, although the numbers were too small to draw definite conclusions in this regard. Conclusions G-CBI is more suited for the surgery clerkship than the UG-CBI utilized during the first 2 years of medical school. Lack of a clinical knowledge base among the students rotating on the surgery clerkship as well as time limitations for both the student and clinical faculty favor this more efficient means of learning.
Diatom response to the whole lake manipulation of a eutrophic urban impoundment

Diatoms typically dominate during April and May in Ford Lake, a eutrophic urban impoundment in southeastern Michigan, USA, whereas cyanobacteria dominate during summer. To alter this, whole lake experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2008 in alternation with control years 2005 and 2007. In experimental years, water was withdrawn from the hypolimnion during summer to destabilize the stratified water column, promote deeper mixing, and reduce anoxia. In 2006, withdrawals occurred over a 6-week period with three discrete intervals, releasing 3 × 105 m3 d−1 for the first and third intervals, and 1.5 × 105 m3 d−1 for the second. In 2008, withdrawal occurred continuously for 6 weeks at a rate of 3 × 105 m3 d−1. In control years, water was released only from the epilimnion. Nuisance cyanobacteria replaced diatoms in control years when the lake became thermally stratified. Diatom response to experimentally induced mixing was examined with focus on 2008 as a model for future management. Selective withdrawal of hypolimnetic water destabilized the water column and promoted diatom summer blooms. Diatom success was greatest in 2008, with abundance reaching 10 mm3 L−1 and persisting through spring and summer. Dominance peaks of diatoms were punctuated when Daphnia populations approached or exceeded 3 × 105 individuals m−2.
Density-independent survival of wild lake trout in the Apostle Islands area of Lake Superior

The lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stock at Gull Island Shoal in western Lake Superior was one of only a few stocks of lean lake trout in the Great Lakes that survived overfishing and predation by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Since the mid 1960s, the abundance of wild recruits measured at age 0 and the number of age-7 to -11 wild fish recruited to the fishable stock have increased. We used the Varley-Gradwell method to test for density-dependent survival between these life stages. Survival from age-0 to ages 7–11 was not affected by increasing density, which suggests that further increases in recruitment and stock size are still possible. We suggest that testing for the existence of density-dependent survival can be used to indicate when lake trout populations are rehabilitated.
Enhancement of Carcinogenesis in Cultured Respiratory Tract Epithelium by 12‐O‐Tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐Acetate

The enhancement of chemical carcinogenesis was demonstrated in vitro in rat tracheal epithelium exposed in organ culture to N-methyl-N'-nitro- N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) followed by multiple exposures to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The explants were exposed to 0 or 0.0001 mu g MNNG per ml for 6 h on days 3 and 6 of culture, and then to 0 or 1.0 mu g TPA per ml for I h on days 9, 15, 21, and 27 of culture. Primary cell cultures were then established from epithelial outgrowths of these explants. Morphologically altered cells were seen in the primary cell cultures derived from MNNG + TPA-exposed explants on an average of 130 days after MNNG exposure. In primary cultures derived from explants exposed to either TPA or MNNG alone, morphologically altered cells were seen at 190 days and 210 days, respectively. No morphologically altered cells were seen in solvent control primary cell cultures. Only cultures containing morphologically altered cells could be repeatedly subcultured. Cell lines established from these cultures were inoculated i.m. into immunosuppressed isogeneic hosts at 150, 200, 250, 310, and 365 days following carcinogen exposure. All five explants exposed to both MNNG and TPA produced at least one cell line which formed carcinomas when inoculated 365 days following exposure, while only two of the five explants produced tumorigenic cell lines in the MNNG-only group. Cell lines from explants exposed to both MNNG and TPA were tumorigenic an average of 90 days earlier than cell lines from explants exposed to MNNG alone. None of the cell lines obtained from the explants exposed only to TPA were tumorigenic. These studies show that, following carcinogen exposure, TPA can enhance the oncogenesis of cultured respiratory tract epithelium in terms of increasing the frequency of transformation and decreasing the time at which transformation could first be observed.
0015 Head injury and concussion management in extracurricular sports: a multi-pronged evaluation of the massachusetts 2010 legislation

Statement of purpose In 2013, 20% and 16% of Massachusetts middle and high school athletes, respectively, reported symptoms consistent with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) while playing sports in the past 12 months. The Massachusetts’ 2010 legislation aimed to improve the prevention and management of sports related head injuries, thereby promoting brain healing and reducing the risk of serious health consequences among student athletes in grades 6–12. We describe our ongoing evaluation of this law and its associated regulations. Methods/Approach A multi-pronged evaluation was conducted, consisting of: analyses of mandatory annual school reporting of head injuries; a review of policies from a convenience sample of schools; results from concussion-related questions added to the MA Youth Health Survey (YHS), an anonymous statewide survey of middle and high school students; and, analysis of statewide trends in emergency department (ED) visits for sports related TBI. Results Compliance with mandated submission of head injury reports by schools increased from 203 schools in 2011/2012 to 554 in 2013/2014. Of the 154 school policies submitted, 4 had all 21 required components. According to the 2013 YHS, 35% of middle and high school athletes who experienced symptoms of a TBI while playing sports stopped playing and got checked by a doctor or nurse; 17% stopped playing but did not get checked; and 48% continued to play. ED rates for sports-associated TBI’s which increased in the 12–14 and 15–18 year age groups from 2008 to 2012, decreased from 2012 to 2013. Conclusions Results indicate that MA schools are making progress in the implementation of state regulations. However, review of school policies and survey findings indicating that nearly half of the student athletes who reported symptoms of a concussion did not stop playing suggests further work is needed to improve student safety. Significance and contribution to the field Discussion of our multi-pronged evaluation findings and the successes and challenges of the MA law and its associated regulations may benefit other states implementing similar youth sports concussion safety programs and policies.
Application of Retentate Starter Produced from Ultrafiltered Milk to the Manufacture of Cheddar Cheese

Abstract Cheddar cheese was manufactured from whole milk and whole milk retentate using retentate starter made from milk ultrafiltered to 4:1 (vol/vol). One percent retentate starter added to whole milk and 2% starter to 1.7:1 whole milk retentate gave excellent quality cheese. Additionally, a 1% retentate starter added to whole milk gave approximately 3% more cheese. A 2% retentate starter added to 1.7:1 whole milk retentate gave 4% more cheese, reduced cheese making time over that required for control whole milk cheese, and made acid ripening of milk before renneting unnecessary. Starter concentrations above 1% in whole milk and above 2% in whole milk retentates produced some bitterness in the cheese.
Water soluble copolymers. 54: N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide copolymers in drag reduction: Synthesis, characterization, and dilute solution behavior

Copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (IPAM) and acrylamide (AM) have been synthesized by free radical polymerization in deionized water using potassium persulfate as the initiator. Copolymer compositions were obtained by elemental analysis and 13C NMR. An r1r2 value of 0.99 indicates ideal copolymerization with random incorporation of the comonomers in the copolymers. Weight average molecular weights, second virial coefficients, diffusion coefficients, and average diameters were obtained via classical and quasielastic low angle laser light scattering. The molecular weights for all the copolymers and the homopolymers of IPAM and AM ranged from 2.2 × 106 to 5.2 × 106 g/mol. The second virial coefficients in deionized water increased with increasing acrylamide content in the copolymers. The dilute solution properties of the copolymers were studied by turbidimetry, microcalorimetry and viscometry. All the copolymers, with the exception of IPAM-40 (the copolymer synthesized with 40 mole% IPAM in the feed), showed lower critical solution temperatures below 100°C. The solution studies were performed in deionized water, 0.514 M NaCl, and 1 M urea. The properties of the IPAM copolymers were influenced by both hydrophobic associations and hydrogen bonding. In 0.2% (∼7mM) sodium dodecyl sulfate, the alkyl chain of the surfactant molecules associates with the IPAM moieties on the copolymer backbone, leading to high intrinsic viscosities and the elevation of the LCST above 100°C.
Transformational Travel for Seminarians: Reading James in Haiti

How will we teach the Bible in the twenty-first century? This essay is intended to contribute to that larger discussion in three ways: after a brief introduction, I will, first, state some general working assumptions about the present situation of the church and about teaching the New Testament in the context of a seminary or divinity school; second, I will describe the course “Reading James in Haiti” which I designed and taught in the Spring of 1902; finally, and much more briefly, I will comment on the implications of transformational travel experiences like this one for the ability of seminarians to understand New Testament texts more deeply than the classroom setting allows.
Terahertz vibration-rotation-tunneling spectroscopy of the ammonia dimer. II. A-E states of an out-of-plane vibration and an in-plane vibration.

Terahertz vibration−rotation−tunneling transitions have been measured between ca. 78.5 and 91.9 cm-1, and assigned to A−E (ortho−para) combinations of NH3 monomer states. The spectrum is complicate...
Selectivity equivalence of two poly(methylphenylsiloxane) open-tubular columns prepared with different deactivation techniques for gas chromatography

The solvation parameter model is used to characterize the retention properties of a poly(methylphenylsiloxane) column Rxi-50 over the temperature range 60-240 degrees C. The smooth variation of the system constants with temperature affords a general picture of how the relative importance of the different intermolecular interactions change with temperature. The system constants and retention factors for varied compounds are compared with those for Rtx-50 prepared with a similar stationary phase but using a different surface deactivation technique. The two columns are shown to be nearly selectivity equivalent. The Rtx-50 column is slightly more cohesive, dipolar/polarizable and hydrogen-bond basic than Rxi-50, while Rxi-50 is slightly more electron lone pair attractive and hydrogen-bond acidic. Only the difference in hydrogen-bond acidity can be identified with some certainty as related to the difference in deactivation processes. For compounds with a separation greater than 0.2 retention factor units on Rtx-50, it should be relatively straightforward to achieve an acceptable separation for the same compounds on Rxi-50.
Outflow Conditions for Integrated Large Eddy Simulation/Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations

The numerical flow prediction of highly complex flow systems, such as the aerothermal flow through an entire aircraftgasturbineengine,requirestheapplicationofmultiplespecializedflowsolvers,whichhavetorunsimultaneously in order to capture unsteady multicomponent effects. The different mathematical approaches of different flow solvers, especially large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) flow solvers, pose challenges in the definition of boundary conditions at the interfaces. Here, a method based on a virtual body force is proposed to impose Reynolds-averaged velocity fields near the outlet of an LES flow domain in order to take downstream flow effects computed by a RANS flow solver into account. This method shows good results in the test case of a swirl flow, where the influence of a flow contraction downstream of the LES domain is represented entirely by the Reynolds-averaged velocity field at the outlet of the LES domain. I. Motivation N UMERICALsimulationsofcomplexlarge-scaleflowsystems must capture a variety of physical phenomena in order to predicttheflowaccurately.Currently,manyflowsolversarespecialized to simulate one part of a flow system effectively, but are either inadequate or too expensive to be applied to a generic problem. Asanexample,theaerothermalflowthroughagasturbineengine can be considered. In the compressor and the turbine section, the flow solver has to be able to handle the moving blades, model the wall turbulence, and predict the pressure and density distributions properly. This can be done efficiently by a flow solver based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) approach. On the other hand, the flow in the combustion chamber is governed by largescale turbulence, complex mixing processes, chemical reactions, and the presence of fuel spray. Experience shows that these phenomena require an unsteady approach. 1 Hence, the use of a large
Framing the Future Visions From Senior Scholars Committed to Issues Involving the Education of Persons for Whom Typical Instruction Is Not Effective

Introduction to special series on perspectives of senior scholars regarding the future of issues related to special education.
Divisional diversity and the conglomerate discount: evidence from spinoffs

Abstract Existing literature argues that disparity in investment opportunities within diversified firms can erode firm value. We investigate the diversity cost hypothesis of spinoffs by using post-spinoff data to (1) reconstruct the diversified firm after the spinoff and assess the aggregate improvement in value and (2) relate any value improvements to changes in diversity. We find that improvements in aggregate value depend significantly on changes in both a direct measure of diversity and measures based on industry proxies. We conclude that diversification discounts at least partially reflect a value loss due to the diversified nature of the firm itself, rather than selection bias or measurement error.
Does preoperative ejection fraction predict operative mortality with left ventricular restoration

Background Ischemic cardiomyopathy and aneurysmal disease have been treated surgically with coronary artery bypass grafting in the past. The Dor technique for left ventricular restoration has demonstrated improved outcomes in patients with ischemic, akinetic ventricles. Our hypothesis was that even marked reduction in preoperative cardiac function (ejection fraction Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients who had undergone ventricular restoration with the Dor procedure from January 1996 through September 2005. Patients with a preoperative ejection fraction (EF) Results The study included 89 patients (69 men, 20 women), 28 of whom had preoperative EFs p = NS), and need for IABP was 39.2% versus 8.1% ( p p = 0.066). Conclusions Ventricular restoration with the Dor technique is a safe procedure. Marked reduction in ejection fraction is not a contraindication to left ventricular restoration; however, increased usage of IABP should be anticipated.
The electrical properties of MIS capacitors with ALN gate dielectrics

Abstract We report on the characteristics of metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitors with aluminum nitride (AlN) as the dielectric material. Using reactive magnetron sputtering, we deposited layers of AlN on 1–10 Ω cm p-type (1 0 0) silicon wafers. The deposition rates were investigated as a function of sputter pressure, power, gas composition, and substrate temperature. On films deposited over a range of sputter parameters, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were performed indicating that optimal deposition conditions for best crystal quality and stoichiometry were a total pressure between 4 and 10 mT, a gas mixture of 85% nitrogen and 15% argon, and a substrate temperature ≈200°C. The films had a weak microcrystalline structure with the c -axis preferentially orientated parallel to the substrate normal. MIS capacitors were fabricated on silicon substrates with Ti/Au contacts. Current–voltage (IV) and capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements revealed breakdown fields of 4–12 MV/cm. Depending on the thickness, leakage current densities were between 10 −10 and 10 −3 A/cm 2 at 1 V reverse bias, the interface charge density was ≤10 13 cm 2 , and flat band voltages were from −10 to 2 V. The dielectric permittivity was between 4 and 11 for thick layers (≥100 A) and decreased to values between 2 and 6 for thicknesses below 100 A.
HORMONAL STIMULATION OF PHOSPHORYLASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT UTERUS IN VITRO.

Isolated uteri from estrogenprimed and spayed rats were allowed to contract isotonically for 45 min in a Krebs- Ringer-bicarbonate-glucose medium gassed with 95% O2:5% CO2. Hormones were then added to the bath and the uteri were assayed for active phosphorylase a and total phosphorylase t. Epinephrine increased phosphorylase a activity 16 % in uteri from spayed rats, 45 % in uteri estrogen-primed for 6 hr and 98% in uteri estrogen-primed for 48 hr. The increase was maximal within 2 min and the activity declined within 10 min. Chronic addition of epinephrine to the bath maintained significantly high levels of phosphorylase a for 10 min. Histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and oxytocin also increased uterine phosphorylase a within 2 min. The latter 2 substances produced sustained uterine contractions, whereas histamine and epinephrine caused relaxation. Uteri equilibrated in the medium without glucose had higher phosphorylase a levels than those equilibrated in the standard medium. Epinephrine added to glucose-f...
Mass spectra of some 6-substituted ureidopurines and N6-acyladenines

Abstract The mass spectra and generalized fragmentation patterns corresponding to a number of 6-substituted ureidopurines and N6-acyladenines have been presented. The relationship between the mass spectra of two classes of tRNA components and cytokinins, the 6-alkylureidopurines and N6-alkyladenines, are discussed with respect to the structurally related N6-acyladenines. Methods are given for extrapolation of the data presented here for the identification of new, naturally occurring components.
On myopic strategies in dynamic adversarial team decision problems

We introduce the notion of myopic strategy for dynamic team decision problems. We present adversarial variants of the Witsenhausen's counterexample for which such strategies are provably team optimal when the actuation noise is larger than each decision maker's sensor noise. This can be interpreted as saying that there is no advantage to coordinating in a team in the presence of significant model uncertainty.
Investigation of the causal relationship between tracheotomy and aspiration in the acute care setting

Objective To investigate the causal relationship, if any, between tracheotomy and incidence of aspiration in the acute care setting. Study Design Prospective, consecutive. Patients and Methods Twenty adult patients evaluated between February 1997 and October 1999 participated. Criteria for inclusion were a dysphagia evaluation before tracheotomy, subsequent tracheotomy and placement of a tracheotomy tube, and then a repeat dysphagia evaluation after tracheotomy prior to decannulation. This permitted the causal relationship between tracheotomy and incidence of aspiration to be investigated. Differences between duration of tracheotomy placement and age were analyzed with the Student t test and for nonparametric nominal data the ξ2 test was applied. Results No causal relationship between tracheotomy and aspiration was exhibited, as 19 of 20 (95%) subjects exhibited the same aspiration status before and after tracheotomy. All 12 (100%) subjects who aspirated before tracheotomy also aspirated after tracheotomy and 7 of 8 (88%) subjects who did not aspirate before tracheotomy also did not aspirate after tracheotomy (P > .05). In addition, no significant differences were observed between aspiration status and days since tracheotomy or age (P > .05). Conclusion In the acute care setting, no causal relationship between tracheotomy and aspiration status was exhibited.
Psychological state and running economy.

The primary purpose of the present review was to critique studies that examined the influence of psychological state (i.e., affect, perception, and cognition) on running economy (RE). However, only six studies included measures of oxygen consumption at a given workload (i.e., economy) and used running as the mode of exercise. Two of the six studies indicated that increased tension was highly correlated (r = 0.81) with increased oxygen cost and that reductions in tension, using stress management techniques, improved RE. Because of the sparsity of studies in this area, a secondary purpose of this review was to examine the influence of psychological state on the physiological and behavioral response to varying modes of exercise. Affect, induced through hypnosis and imagery, was effective in changing the response to exercise (i.e., heart rate, performance). Altered perception through the use of hypnosis or through personality characteristics did not alter the physiological response to exercise, perhaps because of the passive role of the exerciser in these situations. Lastly, cognition (i.e., mental strategy, coping, and biofeedback) elicited changes in the physiological and behavioral responses to exercise. Despite these physiological alterations, there were not changes in oxygen consumption in the majority of the studies. It is possible that changes in selected physiological responses (i.e., respiratory frequency) may be altered (e.g., biofeedback) without changes in oxygen consumption because of accommodation in other areas of the body (i.e., a-VO2 difference). Changes in economy possibly occur when these accommodation effects are overridden by the physiological adaptations resulting from longer training periods. In conclusion, psychological state can influence the physiological and behavioral response to exercise. Furthermore, this review supports the use of a multidisciplinary approach to examine the interactional effects of physiology, biomechanics, psychology, and neurophysiology to adequately determine mechanisms underlying changes in RE.
Demographic and clinical predictors of mortality from highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection: CART analysis of international cases.

Background: Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viruses have occurred in 15 countries, with high mortality to date. Determining risk factors for morbidity and mortality from HPAI H5N1 can inform preventive and therapeutic interventions. Methods: We included all cases of human HPAI H5N1 reported in World Health Organization Global Alert and Response updates and those identified through a systematic search of multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar), including articles in all languages. We abstracted predefined clinical and demographic predictors and mortality and used bivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship of each candidate predictor with mortality. We developed and pruned a decision tree using nonparametric Classification and Regression Tree methods to create risk strata for mortality. Findings: We identified 617 human cases of HPAI H5N1 occurring between December 1997 and April 2013. The median age of subjects was 18 years (interquartile range 6–29 years) and 54% were female. HPAI H5N1 case-fatality proportion was 59%. The final decision tree for mortality included age, country, per capita government health expenditure, and delay from symptom onset to hospitalization, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76– 0.86). Interpretation: A model defined by four clinical and demographic predictors successfully estimated the probability of mortality from HPAI H5N1 illness. These parameters highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment and may enable early, targeted pharmaceutical therapy and supportive care for symptomatic patients with HPAI H5N1 virus infection. Citation: Patel RB, Mathur MB, Gould M, Uyeki TM, Bhattacharya J, et al. (2014) Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Mortality from Highly Pathogenic Avian
Impact of gentrification on environmental pressure in service micro-enterprises

The study investigates whether local service micro-enterprises (MEPs) in gentrifying neighborhoods face increasing complaints triggering inspections and regulatory pressure. Environmental records from 1992 to 2000 were reviewed for 383 filling stations, motor vehicle repair firms and dry cleaners in five Chicago neighborhoods. Significant differences in the number of complaints and inspections were found between gentrifying and gentrified neighborhoods, especially in the higher-income gentrified neighborhood. No significant difference was found in enforcement. Regulatory pressure from environmental agencies adds to the financial, social and other regulatory pressures facing service MEPs that drove away or closed manufacturing firms in the past. Alternatively, new market opportunities with regulatory and social pressure could provide incentives to improve environmental behavior. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Factor structure of the menstrual symptom questionnaire: Relationship to oral contraceptives, neuroticism and life stress

Abstract The Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire was administered to initial and cross-validation samples of college-age women. Factor analyses performed on the data from each sample failed to support Dalton's distinction between spasmodic and congestive forms of primary dysmenorrhea. Instead, a more complicated factor structure evolved, closely resembling Webster's findings, with factors representing menstrual pain, pre-menstrual negative affect, pre-menstrual water retention, pre-menstrual pain, menstrual backache and menstrual gastrointestinal symptoms. Oral contraceptive use was negatively related to menstrual pain and backache. Neuroticism scores were positively related to all six factors, and negative life changes to four of these factors, suggesting a role for psychogenic factors in both pre-menstrual and menstrual symptomatology.
EXTINCTION RISK OF HETEROGENEOUS POPULATIONS

The extinction of small populations is a stochastic process, affected by both environmental variation and chance variation in the fates of individuals (demographic stochasticity). Here I examine how population extinction risk is affected by variation in the underlying individual phenotypes, using a branching-process approach. I define the long-term individual extinction risk as the chance of ultimately leaving no descendants, and the cumulative individual extinction risk as the chance of leaving no descendants by a specified time. I use these to show that if there is a phenotypic correlation between parents and their offspring, variation in these quantities always reduces both the long- and short-term population extinction risk. Such variation in individual extinction risk arises from individual variation in demographic parameters and may have both genetic and environmental causes. Using a well-known approximation of the difference between the log arithmetic and log geometric means, I derive expressions for the sensitivity and elasticity of the approximate log extinction risk to changes in the mean and variance of the individual extinction risk, and to changes in population size. One conclusion is that increasing the variance among individuals in extinction risk can sometimes be at least as important in reducing population extinction risk as increasing the population size itself. These analyses also point to reasons why changes in environmental factors (e.g., toxicants) or management practices may have either larger or smaller effects than would be anticipated by considering the change in the mean risk alone.
An Explicit Rate Control Framework for Lossless Ethernet Operation

In this paper, an explicit rate control framework for Ethernet applications, especially data centers, is described. The framework guarantees zero packet drops at the congested switch and fast convergence to fair and stable state. In order to manage the congestion, design choices on 2-point and 3- point structures, the reactive and proactive signaling, explicit and implicit rate controls are compared. Then the core component of the framework, queue control, is carefully studied. Furthermore, we show that this framework can seamlessly cooperate with IEEE 802.3x PAUSE mechanism to recover from severe congestion scenarios. Numerical results are provided to support the claims.
Teaching-Infused Graduate Seminars: Incorporating Pedagogy into Substantive Courses.

Even though pedagogy courses in sociology are on the rise, many departments do not offer or require a course on teaching sociology or a teaching proseminar series. However, faculty in such departments do have other options for incorporating and integrating pedagogical issues into their standard curriculum. In this note, I offer one suggestion for incorporating teaching and learning into the curriculum: integrating pedagogy into substantive seminars. “Teaching-infused” graduate seminars are a great way to transmit norms, values, and common practices of the department to graduate students, and they allow for discussions of particular substantive challenges that graduate student instructors may face when teaching undergraduates about privilege, inequality, discrimination, and social structure. I describe my approach and present qualitative evaluations of this approach from two semesters of graduate students who have taken one of these seminars.
The Ethnographic Process of Gender Management: Doing the “Right” Masculinity With Wives of Professional Athletes

In this reflexive account of a neglected aspect of cross-gender fieldwork, a male sociologist examines his use of the “right” masculinity in long-term fieldwork with wives of professional athletes. The gender and impression management strategy of “muted masculinity” was applied as a method to avoid the hegemonic masculinity these wives dislike. The ethnographic strategy is identified and examined by evaluating its characteristics and the part it played in developing collaborative relationships, conducting sequential interviews, establishing rapport and trust, becoming regarded as a male expert, and gaining acceptance into the wives’ private world. Although a male fieldworker’s gender can become a complicated issue in a female world, it is proposed that an outsider strategy can be constructed and applied in ways that benefit the fieldwork and the researched.
Blind deconvolution of non-linear random signals

Presents a new nonparametric blind deconvolution algorithm for colored nonlinear random processes. A blind deconvolution algorithm reconstructs the input of an unknown linear time-invariant (LTI) system having access only to its output. A review of the existing blind deconvolution algorithms reveals that the schemes that require the least amount of knowledge about the input signal and the LTI system, were developed for white input signals, or rely on parametric modeling of both the system and the input. In order to develop nonparametric algorithms for the deconvolution of colored nonlinear processes of unknown statistics, one is forced to consider a two channel approach. The proposed algorithm utilizes the data collected by two different receivers, each being the output of a different system due to the same input. The two systems are then reconstructed combining higher-order statistics of the measured signals and the theory of signal reconstruction from higher-order spectral phase only. >
Raman-Induced timing jitter in dispersion-managed optical communication systems

The moment method is used to calculate the Raman-induced timing jitter generated by amplifier-induced fluctuations in the energy, frequency, and position of optical pulses propagating inside dispersion-managed fiber links. Using a Gaussian form for chirped optical pulses in combination with the variational analysis, we obtain an analytic expression for the timing jitter whose predictions agree well with the numerical results obtained by solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation directly. The effects of third-order dispersion are also included in the analysis. We also apply the moment method to standard solitons propagating inside dispersion-decreasing fiber as well as to chirped return-to-zero (CRZ) lightwave systems. We apply our results to a specific 160-Gb/s system and find that the Raman jitter resulting from intrapulse Raman scattering limits the transmission distance in all three cases.
Highly Stable Ir-Ta-O Electrode for Ferroelectric Material Deposition

Ir-Ta-O composite bottom electrode has extraordinary high temperature stability. It can maintain good conductivity and integrity even after 5min annealing at 1000 °C in oxygen ambient. The thermal stability of Ir-Ta-O on different substrates has been studied. It shows that Ir-Ta-O is also very stable on Si and SiO 2 substrates. No hillock formation and peelings of the bottom electrode were observed after high temperature and long time annealing in O 2 ambient. SEM, TEM, XRD, and AES have been used to characterize the Ir-Ta-O film and the interfaces between Ir-Ta-O bottom electrode and Si or SiO 2 substrate. The composition and conductivity changes of the electrode during oxygen ambient annealing and the interdiffusion issue will be discussed. Furthermore, Ir-Ta-O/SiO 2 /Si capacitor with 30A gate oxide was fabricated and the C-V and I-V characteristics were measured to confirm the stability of Ir-Ta-O on thin gate oxide.