cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amino acid sequences of myotoxins from Crotalus viridis concolor venom.

Abstract A. L. Bieber , R. H. McParland and R. R. Becker . Amino acid sequences of myotoxins from Crotalus viridis concolor venom. Toxicon25, 677 – 680, 1987. — Myotoxins I and II were isolated from the venom of Crotalus viridis concolor. Complete sequences were derived for each reduced, alkylated toxin with data obtained by a single run on a gas phase sequencer and from fragments derived by cyanogen bromide cleavage. The results demonstrate that microheterogeneity is present in myotoxin II. The newly established sequences were compared with 3447 protein sequences in the Protein Information Resource database. The only homologous proteins found were other known myotoxins from rattlesnake venoms, namely myotoxin a, crotamine and peptide C.
Vortices and finite-size scaling of superfluid phase transitions

Abstract A vortex-ring theory of the three-dimensional XY model is compared with recent Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement with the helicity modulus (superfluid density) is obtained when the recursion relations are truncated at a maximum ring diameter of about one-half the size of the Monte Carlo lattice. Near Tc the vortex theory is shown to satisfy the predictions of finite-size scaling.
Oxygen in the Cultivation of Stem Cells

Cultivation of stem cells, like all cells in culture, is performed under conditions that cannot and do not replicate normal physiologic conditions. For example, direct exposure of cultured monolayer cells to serum contents is normally prevented in vivo by the vasculature. The heterogeneity of cells and signals between different cell types in an organ is certainly not captured when a single cell type is grown and studied in vitro. Gases, in particular, are not accounted for in routine tissue culture. Oxygen is fundamental for life and its concentration is an important signal for virtually all cellular processes. Nonetheless, oxygen is rarely taken into account in culturing stem and other cells. This review will summarize work that highlights the importance of considering oxygen conditions for culturing and manipulating stem cells. Emphasis is placed on major phenotypic changes in response to oxygen, recognizing that oxygen-mediated transcriptional and post-translational effects are enormously complex, and beyond the scope of this review. The review emphasizes that oxygen is an important signal in all major aspects of stem cell biology including proliferation and tumorigenesis, cell death and differentiation, self-renewal, and migration.
Survey of Model-Based Image Analysis Systems

A survey and critique of the state of the art in model-based image analysis systems is presented. The paper includes summaries of a selection of systems and evaluates them from the viewpoint of progress toward general vision systems. The paper also describes principles of design of general vision systems.
Bocavirus Episome in Infected Human Tissue Contains Non-Identical Termini

Human bocaviruses (HBoV) are highly prevalent human infections whose pathogenic potential remains unknown. Recent identification of the first non-human primate bocavirus [1] in captive gorillas raised the possibility of the persistent nature of bocavirus infection. To characterize bocavirus infection in humans, we tested intestinal biopsies from 22 children with gastrointestinal disease for the presence of HBoV DNA. Four HBoV-positive tissue samples were analyzed to determine whether viral DNA was present in the linear genomic, the episomal closed circular or the host genome-integrated form. Whereas one tissue sample positive for HBoV3 contained the episomal form (HBoV3-E1), none had the genome-integrated form. The complete genome sequence of HBoV3-E1 contains 5319 nucleotides of which 513 represent the non-coding terminal sequence. The secondary structure of HBoV3-E1 termini suggests several conserved and variable features among human and animal bocaviruses. Our observation that HBoV genome exists as head-to-tail monomer in infected tissue either reflects the likely evolution of alternative replication mechanism in primate bocaviruses or a mechanism of viral persistence in their host. Moreover, we identified the HBoV genomic terminal sequences that will be helpful in developing reverse genetic systems for these widely prevalent parvoviruses.
Serial monitoring of humoral antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac allografts by C4d staining of interstitial capillaries

Abstract C4d “staining” of interstitial capillaries of endomyocardial biopsies serves as an indicator of a humoral component of cardiac allograft rejection. In the present study, two cardiac allograft recipients were monitored serially for both cellular and humoral rejection. Cellular rejection, evaluated by light microscopy, and humoral rejection, judged by C4d immunofluorescent “staining”, were treated with appropriate immunosuppressants. Weekly serial biopsies of the first patient revealed maximal humoral rejection (3 +) after 1 week but diminished to 2 + thereafter. Cellular rejection was graded as 3A after 3 weeks but declined steadily to negligible cellular rejection through week 15. Whereas, cellular rejection peaked at 14–21 days, humoral rejection was greatest in the early post-transplant period. Biopsies of the second patient for 12 weeks revealed grade 1A to 1B moderate cellular rejection. Humoral rejection peaked at 3 + “staining” for C4d after 1 week transplant, and then wavered between 2 + (moderate “staining”) and 1 + (weak “staining”). Results revealed the significance not only of traditional light microscopy in evaluating the severity of cellular rejection in endomyocardial biopsies of cardiac allotransplants, but also the value of C4d immunofluorescent “staining” of interstitial capillaries as an indicator of humoral rejection episodes, which may require modified therapy.
Untersuchungen zum anodischen Verhalten von Carbazolen und Indolo[3,2‐b]carbazolen in Acetonitril

Die anodische Oxydation einiger substituierter oder kondensierter Carbazolderivate 1–6 wurde in Acetonitril an Platinelektroden untersucht. Substitution des Carbazols in 3-, 6- und 9-Stellung verhindert die sonst in dieser Position ablaufende anodische Dimerisierung und ermoglicht die elektrochemische Erzeugung von stabilen Radikalkationen. Eine Stabilisierung dieser anodischen Primarprodukte und eine Erniedrigung des Halbstufenpotentials wird auch durch Vergroserung des π-Elektronensystems im N-p-Anisyl-dibenzo[c, g]carbazol 2, in den Indolo[3,2-b]carbazolen 3 und im 9,9′-Diphenyl-3,3′-dicarbazyl 4 erreicht. Infolge der starken Verdrillung der CN-Bindung wird hingegen weder beim N-p-Anisyl-carbazol 1 h durch Donor-Substitution noch bei 1,4-Bis-(9-carbazyl)-benzol 5 oder 4,4′-Bis-(9-carbazyl)-biphenyl 6 durch mesomere Effekte eine Veranderung des Halbstufenpotentials oder eine Erhohung der Radikalionenstabilitat im Vergleich zum N-Phenylcarbazol 1 e beobachtet. Die praparative elektrochemische Darstellung von 4 sowie die spektroskopische Untersuchung der Radikalionen einiger Verbindungen werden beschrieben. Investigations on the Anodic Behaviour of Carbazoles and Indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles The anodic oxidation of some substituted or condensed carbazole derivatives 1–6 has been investigated in acetonitrile using platinum electrodes. Substitution of the carbazoles in the 3-, 6-, and 9-positions prevents the anodic dimerization occurring otherwise in these positions. In these cases the electrochemical formation of stable cation radicals is possible. A stabilization of these anodie primary products and a decrease of the half-wave potentials is also effected by enlarging the π-electron system as in N-p-anisyl-dibenzo[e,g]carbazole 2, in the indolo[3,2-b]-carbazoles 3 and in 9,9′-diphenyl-3,3′-dicarbazyl 4. Due to the distortion of the CN-bonds neither a change of half-wave potentials nor a stabilization of the cation radicals by donor substitution or mesomeric effects has been observed in the case of N-p-anisylcarbazole 1 h, 1,4-bis-(9-carbazyl)-benzene 5 and 4,4′-bis-(9-carbazyl)-biphenyl 6 in comparison with N-phenyl-carbazole 1 e. The electrochemical preparation of 4 and the spectroscopical investigation of the cation radicals of some of the compounds are described.
Tyrosines in the Kinesin-5 Head Domain Are Necessary for Phosphorylation by Wee1 and for Mitotic Spindle Integrity

Summary Mitotic spindle assembly and maintenance relies on kinesin-5 motors that act as bipolar homotetramers to crosslink microtubules [1–5]. Kinesin-5 motors have been the subject of extensive structure-function analysis [5], but the regulation of their activity in the context of mitotic progression remains less well understood [2]. We report here that Drosophila kinesin-5 (KLP61F) is regulated by Drosophila Wee1 (dWee1). Wee1 tyrosine kinases are known to regulate mitotic entry via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 [6–10]. Recently, we showed that dWee1 also plays a role in mitotic spindle positioning through γ-tubulin and spindle fidelity through an unknown mechanism [11]. Here, we investigated whether a KLP61F-dWee1 interaction could explain the latter role of dWee1. We found that dWee1 phosphorylates KLP61F in vitro on three tyrosines within the head domain, the catalytic region that mediates movement along microtubules. In vivo, KLP61F with tyrosine→phenylalanine mutations fails to complement a klp61f mutant and dominantly induces spindle defects similar to ones seen in dwee1 mutants. We propose that phosphorylation of the KLP61F catalytic domain by dWee1 is important for the motor's function. This study identifies a second substrate for a Wee1 kinase and provides evidence for phosphoregulation of a kinesin in the head domain.
Seating depths of three new threaded pins inserted with a contra-angle dental handpiece.

M arkley’ was the first to describe a pin-retained amalgam restoration. He used threaded wire cut to suitable lengths and cemented them into holes prepared in the dentin. The pinholes were slightly larger in diameter than the wire. Goldstein’ described a friction-locked pin, available in several precut lengths as well as long stock for custom cutting. These are driven to place in a slightly undersized hole by use of a mallet and magnetic holding device. The elasticity of the dentin was presumed to retain the pin. The Threadmatc System (TMS) (Whaledent, International, New York, N.Y.) of threaded pins arc turned into slightly undersized holes, creating threads in the dentin for retention. These TMS pins were originally supplied in two diameters and lengths. The flattened head of the shorter pin was intended to shear from the remainder when it reaches the fundus of the predrilled hole. The longer pin had a central constriction so that when the pin reached the fundus of the hole, the first segment sheared off. The remaining portion could immediately be placed in a second hole without reinsertion in the placement mcchanism. Moffa et al.’ found that of the three pin systems described, the threaded pins were the most retentive. with depths of 2 mm in dentin and 2 mm in amalgam found to be the optimum for retention. Three new retentive pin devices have recently been introduced to the dental profession. They are the Denlok pin (Denlock Inc., Pasadena, Calif.). the Stabilok pin (Stabilok, Pulpdent Corp., Brookline, Mass.), and the Whaledent TMS Link Series pin. These pin systems consist of the pin device and fluted drills, which are purported to be self-limiting at 2
Lewis-Randall to McMillan-Mayer conversion for the thermodynamic excess functions of solutions. Part I. Partial free energy coefficients

Derivations are given for the thermodynamic relations that are needed to compare experimental thermodynamic excess functions of various kinds with the corresponding functions obtained from models for the solutions by calculations made in the framework of the McMillan-Mayer theory. This contribution extends earlier results. The new results are used to elucidate the behavior of the McMillan-Mayer thermodynamic excess functions of solutions which are very nearly ideal on the mole-fraction scale, for example, isotope mixtures. The study of these ideal systems leads to the conclusion that liquid-structure effects associated with the packing of molecules contribute a negative term to the potential of the force between solute particles in the solvent.
On the fourier-bessel representation for helicity amplitudes

It is shown that two types of Fourier-Bessel representation for the helicity amplitude, which are valid for arbitrary physical energies and scattering angles, can be derived from the Jacob-Wick expansion. Provided certain conditions are satisfied, the spectral functions are expressed as Neumann series over the partial-wave amplitudes; and conversely, the latter are expressed as integrals over the former. High-energy unitarity conditions on the spectral functions are derived for the case of πN scattering; and an illustration of the use of such unitarity conditions is briefly discussed.
Effects of vitamin A on endocardial cushion development in the mouse heart.

Retinoic acid (RA) (78 mg/kg) administered to ICR mice on days 9.0, 9.5, and 10.0 of pregnancy (plug day = day 1), resulted in cardiac malformations in 37.6% of the surviving fetuses, including transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defects, and double outlet right ventricle. Histological examination of the hearts of embryos observed 24 hours after in vivo or in vitro exposure to RA on day 9 revealed abnormalities in endocardial cushion tissue. The volume of the atrioventricular endocardial cushions was reduced in treated embryos as was the ratio of the size of the cushions to the size of the heart. The endothelial layer of the atrioventricular endocardial cushions appeared to be unaffected by the retinoic acid, however, the mesenchymal cushion cells were significantly reduced in number when compared with controls. Labeling with [3H]-thymidine indicated that the mitotic activity of the mesenchymal cell population was significantly decreased while that of the endothelial cells was comparable to control levels. The extracellular matrix or cardiac jelly of the endocardial cushions also appeared to be affected by RA exposure, as shown by studies utilizing colloidal iron to stain GAGs, which revealed a decrease in the amount of stainable material in treated cushions. Two possible causes for the reduced thymidine index of the cushion mesenchyme are discussed, namely, a direct effect of RA on the mesenchymal cells or an indirect effect via the altered extracellular matrix of the cushion tissue.
Electroreflectance study of the dilure magnetic semiconductor alloy Hg1−xMnxTe

Abstract We report the first electroreflectance study of the dilute magnetic semiconductor Hg1−xMnxTe in the photon energy region of 0.7–6 eV. The composition dependence of the E0 + Δ0, E1, E1 + Δ1, E0, E2, E2 + δ optical features has been determined for 0.015 ≤ × ≤ 0.23. We find that at room temperature the semimetal-semiconductor transition (Γ6 – Γ8 crossing) occurs at x = 0.05 ± 0.01. Discontinuities in the composition dependence of all the observed spectral features are seen at this value of x.
An unusual region of Paramedum mitochondrial DNA containing chloroplast-like genes

Abstract Based on DNA and amino acid comparisons with known genes and their products, a region of the Paramedum aurelia mitochondrial (mt) genome has been found to encode the following gene products: (1) photosystem II protein G (psbG); (2) a large open reading frame (ORF400) which is also found encoded in the chloroplast (cp) DNA of tobacco (as ORF393) and liverwort (as ORF392), and in the kinetoplast maxicircle DNA of Leishmania tarentolae (as ORFs 3 and 4); (3) ribosomal protein L2 (rpl2); (4) ribosomal protein S12 (rps12); (5) ribosomal protein S14 (rps14); and (6)NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ndh2). All of these genes have been found in cp DNA, but the psbG gene has never been identified in a mt genome, and ribosomal protein genes have never been located in an animal or protozoan mitochondrion. The ndh2 gene has been found in both mitochondria and plastids. The Paramedum genes are among the most divergent of those sequenced to date. Two of the genes are encoded on the strand of DNA complementary to that encoding all other known Paramedum mt genes. No gene contains an identifiable intron. The rps12 and psbG genes are probably overlapping. It is not yet known whether these genes are transcribed or have functional gene products. The presence of these genes in the mt genome raises interesting questions concerning their evolutionary origin.
Fabrication of anode supported thick film ceria electrolytes for IT-SOFCs

Anode supported thick film ceria electrolyte unit cells were fabricated using a colloidal dip coating method for IT-SOFCs. Pre-sintering temperature of the anode substrate and the final sintering temperature were found to be the primary parameters determining the density of the film. With Ni-Ce0.89Gd0.11 O2–δ cermet anode, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathode and 15 µm Ce0.89Gd0.11 O2–δ electrolyte, the cells were tested in a fuel cell configuration with air at the cathode and moist H2 at the anode. At 650 °C, the cell indicated a maximum power density of ∼0.27 W/cm2 at a current density of 0.62 A/cm2. Cell performance was compared with oxygen at the cathode and the cell indicated a maximum power density of ∼0.50 W/cm2 at 1.14 A/cm2, 650 °C. Activation energy for the area specific resistance (ASR) of the cell suggests that with air at cathode, the cell performance was limited by gaseous diffusion at cathode and with oxygen at cathode, by oxygen ion transport across the electrolyte.
Physical therapy-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury associated with reduced activity of muscle lactate dehydrogenase A.

History of the Present Illness One week prior to the presentation, the patient underwent her first session of physical therapy for muscle weakness at the recommendation of her primary care physician. She had exercised all extremities for approximately an hour, followed by whirlpool for 30 minutes. At the end of the session, she began to experience whole-body pain and weakness. Her symptoms worsened over the ensuing several days. She took narcotics for the pain and developed nausea, decreased appetite, and constipation. On day 5 following physical therapy, she was admitted to a local hospital where evaluation revealed stable vital signs, but marked creatine kinase (CK) elevation (22,000 IU/liter), leukocytosis (white blood cell [WBC] count of 18.3 10 cells/ml), and lactic acidosis (lactate of 3.49 mmoles/liter). Her serum creatinine level was 1.0 mg/dl, and a chest radiograph showed bibasilar atelectasis versus infiltrates. She was started on empiric antimicrobials for possible pneumonia. Despite the treatment, her condition failed to improve. Two days later, she was transferred to our institution for further evaluation and management.
Comparison of Flight Control System Design Methods Using the CONDUIT Design Tool

Optimization and comparison of several alternative control system design methods against a common extensive set of dynamics response criteria is demonstrated using the Control Designer’s Uni ed Interface (CONDUIT® ). The alternative methods considered are classical, linear quadratic regulator, dynamic inverse, and H-in nity as applied to the design of lateral/directional control laws for a transport aircraft. From poor initial guesses for the design parameters of each alternative method, CONDUIT  rst achieved a feasible design space that satis ed the stability and handling qualities to the best (level 1) criteria. Final controller tuning was accomplished to minimize the performance metrics of crossover frequency and actuator activity, while maintaining level 1 design criteria. An important  nding of this research is that the alternative design methods optimized against a common set of design requirements yield controllers whose performance and stability robustness characteristics are quite similar to one another. A stronger discriminator than design method is the controller architecture (one or two degree of freedom), which plays an important role in determining the achievable design space. This research demonstrates the feasibility andemphasizes the need to analyzeandoptimize prospective control designsagainsta comprehensive set of design requirements. CONDUIT has proven to be an especially effective environment for this task.
Electrical activity of the olfactory bulb of the pigeon.

Abstract Electrical activity was recorded from the olfactory bulbs of pigeons by means of chronically implanted electrodes. 1. 1. Intrinsic activity, in the absence of odor stimulation, characteristically showed prominent bands at 1–5, 15–25 and 30–45 c/sec, although wide individual differences were noted. No correlation between electrode position and type of activity was found. 2. 2. When odorants were added to the air stream, one of two changes typically occurred in the bulbar electrical activity; viz., either a marked increase in spindle amplitude at lower frequencies than non-stimulated spindle activity, or a desynchronization and flattening of the trace. Each of the six odorants used produced a characteristic pattern although individual differences were noted here also, primarily in the amount of spindling or desynchronization present. Bilateral olfactory nerve section abolished all odorant responses and most of the 15–25 c/sec activity in all cases but had little effect on the high frequency components, while trigeminal sections produced no changes in any of the activity recorded. 3. 3. When odorant concentrations were systematically varied, changes in bulbar activity paralleled them such that, within certain limits, increases in concentration led to increases in either spindling or desynchronization, whichever response was occurring at the time. Absolute thresholds as measured by just noticeable alterations in the recorded activity were of the order of 10−8–10−10 moles/ml of odorant in air. 4. 4. A phenomenon termed “augmentation” was studied in which the bulbar response to odor gradually shifted toward more spindling and less desynchronization when the same stimulus was presented several times with interstimulus intervals between 5 and 15 min. A possible mechanism for this phenomenon is discussed.
Comparison of results of wire subcision performed alone, with fills, and/or with adjacent surgical procedures.

Background Because of the fixed attachments (or muscle–superficial musculoaponeurotic system [SMAS] insertions) to the undersurface of wrinkles, folds, and retracted scars, the use of fills alone has resulted in unpredictable and unsatisfactory improvements. Objective To demonstrate that use of a wire dissector to completely release these attachments, accompanied by an immediate fill and/or an adjacent aesthetic surgical procedure, may optimize final results, improving deep wrinkles, folds, and scars. Methods The subcision wire was positioned under various wrinkles, folds, and scars in a triangulated outline and then zigzagged to uniformly release any subdermal attachments. Patients were divided into 4 categories based on the treatment received: group 1, wire subcision only; group 2, wire subcision plus immediate fill with a strip of autogenous filler or xenograft material; group 3, wire subcision without fill but with an adjacent aesthetic surgical procedure; and group 4, wire subcision, fill, and an adjacent surgical procedure. Results were rated with a photographic wrinkle/fold assessment scale (mean ± standard deviation) by 2 blinded evaluators after at least 6 months. Assessment was based on a quartile grading scale that indicated improvement (0 = 75% improvement). Results Eighty-five patients experienced 338 wire subcisions at 8 facial, 1 posterior neck, and 4 thigh (cellulite) sites. The longest follow-up was 1.5 years (mean, 6.3 mos). The cumulative quartile grading scale was recorded as follows: group 1 (1 ± 1.5 SD); group 2 (3.1 ± 0.1 SD); group 3 (2.5 ± 0.2 SD); and group 4 (3.6 ± 0.2 SD). When fills were employed as spacers under the release tracts in group 2 and 4 sites, strips of SMAS, dermis, and microfat droplets were the favored fills in the areas of nasolabial and marionette folds because of the capacity of the graft's volume and tissue acceptance. For shallower depressions, such as the glabellar frown lines and crow's feet, strips of deep temporal fascia or muscle were more effective. Complications after wire subcision with or without fill were few and transient. Conclusions The use of wire subcision for resistant wrinkles, folds, or scars can result in a satisfactory outcome with minimal complications when used as a solitary procedure. Results may be further optimized with the immediate addition of fill into the released tract. An adjacent aesthetic surgical procedure that impacts at the subcised site may provide additional benefit to the site, but not as much as observed with the usage of an immediate fill. Autogenous fills that are substantitive provide longer lasting effects because of volume and tissue acceptance.
Jurgen Moltmann's doctrine of God: The trinity beyond metaphysics:

In this article I show how Moltmann's rejection of metaphysics (as a theological starting point) serves as an important controlling feature of his trinitarian doctrine of god. In so doing, I articu...
Amorphous Si/insulator multilayers grown by vacuum deposition and electron cyclotron resonance plasma treatment

Abstract a-Si/insulator multilayers have been deposited on (0 0 1) Si by electron gun Si evaporation and periodic electron cyclotron resonance plasma oxidation or nitridation. Exposure to an O or N plasma resulted in the formation of a thin SiO 2 and SiN x layer whose thickness was self-limited and controlled by process parameters. For thin-layer (∼2 nm) Si/SiO 2 and Si/SiN x multilayers no visible photoluminescence (PL) was observed in most samples, although all exhibited weak “blue” PL. For the nitride multilayers, annealing at 750°C or 850°C induced visible PL that varied in peak energy with Si layer thickness. Depth profiling of a-Si caps on thin insulating layers revealed no detectable contamination for the SiN x layers, but substantial O contamination for the SiO 2 films.
Determination of chromium valence over the range Cr(0)–Cr(VI) by electron energy loss spectroscopy

Abstract Chromium is a redox active 3d transition metal with a wide range of valences (−2 to +6) that control the geochemistry and toxicity of the element. Therefore, techniques that measure Cr valence are important bio/geochemical tools. Until now, all established methods to determine Cr valence were bulk techniques with many specific to a single, or at best, only a few oxidation state(s). We report an electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique along with an extensive suite of affined reference spectra that together, unlike other methods, can determine Cr valence (or at least constrain the possible valences) at high-spatial resolution (tens-of-nanometer scale) across a wide valence range, Cr(0)–Cr(VI). Fine structure of Cr-L2,3 edges was parametrized by measurement of the chemical shift of the L3 edge and the ratio of integrated intensity under the L3 and L2 edges. These two parameterizations were correlated to Cr valence and also the dn orbital configuration which has a large influence on L-edge fine structure. We demonstrate that it is not possible to unambiguously determine Cr valence from only one fine-structure parameterization which is the method employed to determine metal valence by nearly all previous EELS studies. Rather, multiple fine-structure parameterizations must be used together if the full range of possible Cr valences is considered. However even with two parameterizations, there are limitations. For example, distinguishing Cr(IV) from Cr(III) is problematic and it may be difficult to distinguish low-spin Cr(II) from Cr(III). Nevertheless, when Cr is known to be divalent, low- and high-spin dn orbital configurations can be readily distinguished.
Cyber integrated MEMS microhand for biological applications

Anthropomorphous robotic hands at microscales have been developed to receive information and perform tasks for biological applications. To emulate a human hand's dexterity, the microhand requires a master-slave interface with a wearable controller, force sensors, and perception displays for tele-manipulation. Recognizing the constraints and complexity imposed in developing feedback interface during miniaturization, this project address the need by creating an integrated cyber environment incorporating sensors with a microhand, haptic/visual display, and object model, to emulates human hands' psychophysical perception at microscale.
HIGH-FAT, LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET RESULTS IN INCREASED MYOCARDIAL OXIDATIVE STRESS AND IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN OBESE RATS

Obesity is associated with elevated risk of heart disease. We evaluated the effect of a high fat, low carbohydrate diet (HFLCD) similar to that used for weight loss on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, and determine the effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. 250g male Sprague-
School Approaches to Youth Suicide Prevention

Universal and indicated school-based suicide prevention programs are described, including conceptual bases, program components, ineffective approaches, and evaluation outcomes. Controlled evaluations of second-generation programs report positive outcomes, including positive changes in knowledge, attitudes toward suicide, intent to seek help, and reduction of suicidal feelings. Two comprehensive programs reported reduced suicide rates in targeted counties subsequent to program dissemination. Caution is raised concerning variations in program quality. Currently, some model universal and indicated programs show promise and are candidates for more research on mediating and moderating variables and program outcomes.
Changes in posture and balance with age.

Changes in posture with age are of concern because of their association with impaired mobility and the possibility of falls. In this study alignment of the joint centers and balance of body segments were measured in 41 women, aged 65 and older, and correlated with weight, age, change in height, and activity. Balance was assessed by calculating the whole-body center of gravity, and the partialcenters of gravity above the knee and hip. Compared to a younger reference population, the older subjects had greater kyphosis, a more posterior hip position, and leaned forward more from the hips (more anterior center of gravity above the hips). Among the 41 elderly subjects, larger kyphoses correlated with greater decrease in height. Elderly subjects who were inactive tended to lean more, but forward lean was not correlated to other variables. These findings suggest two separate sets of changes: an osteoporosis-related stooping, and also a forward lean that may relate to muscular weakness or to fear of instability. Posture among the elderly was quite varied and did not follow any one pattern of change. (Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 4: 219–225, 1992)
The solitary circumscribed pulmonary lesion due to bronchogenic carcinoma: a 3-year follow-up study of 94 surgically treated patients.

For 94 surgically treated patients who had bronchogenic carcinoma that presented in the thoracic roentgenogram as a solitary circumscribed pulmonary lesion, the resectability rate was 90 per cent and the hospital mortality rate was 5.3 per cent. Cytologic examination of the sputum appeared to be of definite value in the preoperative diagnosis of the uncalcified solitary pulmonary lesion. The presence or absence of thoracic symptoms seemed to be the most significant prognostic variable studied. The over-all three-year survival rate based on 93 traced patients was 36.6 per cent. The 3-year survival rate for patients who had excision of ail apparent bronchogenic carcinoma was 44.7 per cent. Compared with a previous series reported from this institution, there was no essential difference in the three-year survival rates for resectable bronchogenic carcinoma whether or not it presented on the thoracic roentgenogram as a solitary circumscribed pulmonary lesion. Present surgical treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma must be vigorously pursued with a maximal effort directed at early diagnosis and early surgical resection.
The legacy of the silver methods and the new anatomy of the basal forebrain: implications for neuropsychiatry and drug abuse.

The first part of the paper highlights the remarkable legacy of the silver methods, with special emphasis on the travails and opportunities offered by the various Nauta methods and their modifications. When the tracer methods based on axoplasmic flow were introduced in the early 1970s, they were exploited on a backdrop of a basic anatomical framework, which had already been established through the tracing of the major CNS pathways by the aid of the silver methods, especially the widely used Nauta-Gygax methods and their modifications. Some of the silver methods that were developed in the late 1960s for the staining of degenerating boutons (e.g. the Fink-Heimer method and de Olmos cupric silver method) provided the necessary technical improvements that eventually led to a new and more productive way to look at the basal forebrain functional/anatomical organization; if it was not for the silver methods, we would in all likelihood still be promoting the nebulous notion of the substantia innominata rather than the concepts of the ventral striatopallidal system and the extended amygdala. The discovery and elaboration of these two macroanatomical systems symbolize what might deservedly be called the "new anatomy" of the basal forebrain. Following a review of the critical experiments which led to the development of the new anatomy of the basal forebrain, its topography in the human is reviewed in drawings of an abbreviated series of coronal sections. The discovery of the ventral striatopallidal system and its thalamic projection to the mediodorsal thalamus rather than to the ventral anterior-ventral lateral thalamic complex ushered in the idea of parallel cortico-subcortical reentrant circuits, which to a large extent has replaced the limbic system as a theoretical framework for neuropsychiatric disorders. The extended amygdala, which appears as a large ring formation around the internal capsule, is still controversial in some quarters, although it is slowly but surely making its way into the general neuroscience literature, especially in the field of addictive disorders. The ventral striatopallidal system and the extended amygdala are interwoven in a complex fashion with the basal nucleus of Meynert within the basal forebrain. Together, these three systems represent important output channels for so-called "limbic" forebrain regions, especially orbitomedial prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe structures, which are increasingly implicated in major neuropsychiatric disorders.
Distribution-free multivariate process control based on log-linear modeling

This paper considers Statistical Process Control (SPC) when the process measurement is multivariate. In the literature, most existing multivariate SPC procedures assume that the in-control distribution of the multivariate process measurement is known and it is a Gaussian distribution. In applications, however, the measurement distribution is usually unknown and it needs to be estimated from data. Furthermore, multivariate measurements often do not follow a Gaussian distribution (e.g., cases when some measurement components are discrete). We demonstrate that results from conventional multivariate SPC procedures are usually unreliable when the data are non-Gaussian. Existing statistical tools for describing multivariate non-Gaussian data, or transforming the multivariate non-Gaussian data to multivariate Gaussian data, are limited, making appropriate multivariate SPC difficult in such cases. In this paper, we suggest a methodology for estimating the in-control multivariate measurement distribution when a se...
Different Mechanisms of Increased Luminal Stenosis After Arterial Injury in Mice Deficient for Urokinase- or Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator

Background— Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are thought to play critical roles in vascular remodeling after injury, with tPA mediating intrava...
Directing Attention in Open Scenes

Attention direction is particularly difficult in open scenes such as detailed aerial photographs, wide angle/multiple video feeds, or high-resolution digital imagery. Unlike conventional displays that have single parameters with definable set points, open scenes lack easy criteria for directing attention. The present study investigates the effects of varying levels of highlighting for correctly and incorrectly designated targets. The results suggest that linking the intensity of highlighting to degree of confidence may be an effective display strategy to maximize efforts to draw attention to objects in an open scene.
Transannular vs Intramolecular Insertion Reactions of Transition Metal Carbenes: Evaluation of a Transannular Approach to Cyclooctane Ring Synthesis

Abstract The efficacy of closing cyclooctane rings via transannular metal-stabilized carbene insertion reactions within an 11-membered macrocyclic lactone ring was explored. The impact of performing these reactions in a transannular fashion was evaluated via a comparative study of closely analogous intramolecular (but not transannular) processes. Closure of a γ-lactone ring via intramolecular cyclopropanation on a moderately electron-deficient alkene proceeded in good yield under Cu(acac)2 catalysis, whereas analogous transannular cyclopropanation was thwarted by competitive β-hydride migration. In contrast, use of a more electron-rich methoxy-substituted alkene resulted in successful transannular cyclopropanation to afford the desired cyclooctane ring-containing product.
Rapidly Conditioning Laboratory Samples of Cotton

A rapid cotton conditioning apparatus that uses a combination of dry air and room air forced through a blended 10 gram laboratory sample is evaluated with 14 cottons. The evaluation indicates that ...
CMOS-based biosensor systems using integrated nanostructured recognition elements

Rapid advances in point-of-care devices for medical and biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic applications have increased the need for low cost, low power, high throughput, and miniaturized systems. To this end, we developed several optical sensor systems using CMOS detection and processing components and sol-gel derived xerogel recognition elements for monitoring various biochemical analytes. These sensors are based either on the measurement of the luminescence intensity or the excited-state lifetimes of luminophores embedded in the nanostructured xerogel matrices. Specifically, the design and development of CMOS detection and signal processing components and their system integration will be described in detail. Additionally, we will describe the factors that limit the performance of these sensor systems in terms of sensitivity, response time, and dynamic range. Finally, the results obtained for monitoring important biochemical analytes such as oxygen (O 2 ) and glucose will be discussed.
Sound Attenuation and Prediction of Porous Media Properties in Hybrid Ducts Utilizing Spatially Periodic Area Changes

A theory based on cross-sectional averaging is developed to analyze quasi-one-dimensional acoustic propagation in hybrid ducts with two propagation media in the cross-section. Specifically, ducts lined with a thick layer of porous material are considered. The porous material makes the duct wavenumber complex, changing the phase speed and introducing attenuation. To lowest order, the wavenumber depends only on the ratio of cross-sectional areas and the properties of the constituent media, and surprisingly not on the material configuration in the cross-section. High frequency accuracy can be improved by using a small correction that includes shape coefficients that depend on the cross-sectional configurations. If the propagation wavenumber is measured experimentally in a hybrid duct, the complex effective sound speed and density, fundamental porous material properties, can be extracted relatively easily. Experimentally, open cell foam samples line the sides of a tube closed at one end, and the complex wavenumber is determined from standing wave measurements. The cross-sectional averaging theory is then used to determine the acoustic properties of the open-cell foam. Results are compared for various lining configurations to assess the accuracy of the method. Another application of this work is the theoretical and experimental study of the propagation of quasi one-dimensional acoustic waves through a duct with spatially periodic area changes. This configuration exhibits stop-band and pass-band behavior, with substantially reduced sound transmission in stop bands, but little effect in pass bands. The regions of the duct with larger cross-sectional area are partially filled with an annular region of porous material to provide pass-band attenuation, leaving a constant area passage for airflow. Predictions and measurements for hybrid ducts with periodic area changes are presented. A muffler designed to place engine harmonics in targeted stop-bands is described.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Structure of p22 headful packaging nuclease.

Packaging of viral genomes into preformed procapsids requires the controlled and synchronized activity of an ATPase and a genome-processing nuclease, both located in the large terminase (L-terminase) subunit. In this paper, we have characterized the structure and regulation of bacteriophage P22 L-terminase (gp2). Limited proteolysis reveals a bipartite organization consisting of an N-terminal ATPase core flexibly connected to a C-terminal nuclease domain. The 2.02 Å crystal structure of P22 headful nuclease obtained by in-drop proteolysis of full-length L-terminase (FL-L-terminase) reveals a central seven-stranded β-sheet core that harbors two magnesium ions. Modeling studies with DNA suggest that the two ions are poised for two-metal ion-dependent catalysis, but the nuclease DNA binding surface is sterically hindered by a loop-helix (L1-α2) motif, which is incompatible with catalysis. Accordingly, the isolated nuclease is completely inactive in vitro, whereas it exhibits endonucleolytic activity in the context of FL-L-terminase. Deleting the autoinhibitory L1-α2 motif (or just the loop L1) restores nuclease activity to a level comparable with FL-L-terminase. Together, these results suggest that the activity of P22 headful nuclease is regulated by intramolecular cross-talk with the N-terminal ATPase domain. This cross-talk allows for precise and controlled cleavage of DNA that is essential for genome packaging.
Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of 2‐furancarbonyl chloride and three naphthoyl chlorides

The correlations of the specific rates of solvolysis of the title compounds using extended forms of the Grunwald–Winstein equation are consistent with the overall picture which is emerging for acyl chloride solvolyses, with competing addition–elimination (with rate-determining addition) and ionization (assisted by nucleophilic solvation) pathways. Except in the more ionizing solvents of low nucleophilicity, 2-furancarbonyl chloride follows the addition–elimination pathway, in contrast to 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride. Except in solvents of highest nucleophilicity and low ionizing power, the solvolyses of the naphthoyl chlorides (1-naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl and 6-methyl-2-naphthoyl) all favor the ionization pathway. In the correlation of the 1-naphthoyl chloride solvolyses, there is a slight improvement when a term governed by the sensitivity to changes in the aromatic ring parameter (hI) is incorporated; this can be associated with a rather minor steric hindrance involving the peri-hydrogen. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic delamination of patterned thin films: a numerical study

We present an analytical investigation of a test protocol recently developed to extract the fracture toughness of thin films used in microelectronics and other engineering applications. The testing method involves the dynamic delamination of patterned thin films initiated by a laser-induced pressure pulse applied on the backside of the substrate. The kinetic energy imparted by the pulse to a weakly bonded (pre-cracked) region of the film is converted into fracture energy as the thin film delaminates in a controlled fashion over multiple milimeters. To support these experiments and extract the interface fracture toughness values, we develop a numerical scheme based on the combination of a nonlinear beam model used to capture the elastodynamic response of the thin film and a cohesive failure model to simulate the spontaneous propagation of the delamination front. The accuracy of the beam model is assessed through a comparison with the results of a more complex 2D hybrid spectral/finite element scheme. Numerical results are compared with experimental measurements of the delamination length and the outcome of a parametric study of some of the key geometrical and loading quantities defining the delamination event is presented.
A Phase I trial of pulse calcitriol in patients with refractory malignancies: pulse dosing permits substantial dose escalation.

BACKGROUND Calcitriol is the principal biologically active metabolite of vitamin D. Calcitriol's activity against many neoplasms is well documented, but calcitriol's therapeutic application has been hampered by predictable hypercalcemia when it is given daily. Because laboratory data has suggested that intermittent exposure to high levels of calcitriol may be sufficient to produce antiproliferative effects, the authors developed a Phase I trial to determine the maximal tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, and the pharmacokinetic profile of calcitriol given weekly by mouth. METHODS Patients with refractory malignancies were enrolled for 4 weeks of treatment followed by 4 weeks of observation. Reenrollment at a higher dose level was permitted for patients who had evidence of response or stable disease and no Grade 3 or greater toxicity. The starting dose was 0.06 μg/kg. RESULTS Fifteen patients received 20 cycles of therapy. Doses up to 2.8 μg/kg of calcitriol weekly produced no dose-limiting toxicity. While peak levels and the area under the serum concentration-time curve of calcitriol increased in a linear fashion at lower doses, saturable absorption was observed at doses above 0.48 μg/kg. Doses of 0.48 μg/kg and above produced mean peak calcitriol levels of 1625 pg/mL, approximately 25-fold greater than top normal levels and well within the therapeutic range suggested by in vitro experiments. Eight patients experienced self-limiting Grade 1 hypercalcemia. CONCLUSIONS Weekly dosing of oral calcitriol permitted substantial dose escalation with minimal toxicity. Peak serum calcitriol levels were in the predicted therapeutic range. A dose of 0.5 μg/kg was selected for evaluation in Phase II studies. Cancer 2001;91:2431–9. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Apparent Homozygosity of a Novel Frame Shift Mutation in the CFTR Gene Because of a Large Deletion

Patients develop cystic fibrosis because of a variety of homozygous recessive mutations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, and deletions, in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, or because of compound heterozygosity for two mutations in the CFTR gene. A false determination of homozygosity for a particular CFTR mutation could negatively affect both carrier screens for a patient's family as well as researchers' ability to study the physiological implications of a particular mutation. We argued previously that homozygosity for rare or novel mutations in the CFTR gene could result from a mutation on one allele and the presence of a large deletion encompassing the same sequence region on the second allele. We present here a patient with classic cystic fibrosis who has a novel microdeletion in exon 7 on one allele and a large deletion encompassing exon 7 on the second allele. These data highlight the need to prevent misdiagnosis of homozygous mutations, which can lead to misinterpretation of mutation penetrance and its effects on protein function.