cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utility of Family History Reports of Major Birth Defects as a Public Health Strategy

A major birth defect is an abnormality that can affect the structure or function of an organ. In the United States, major birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality and contribute substantially to childhood disability and morbidity. Globally, these conditions lead to the death of millions of infants and children annually. Patients with 1 or more affected family members may be at increased risk for having a child with a major birth defect; thus, accurate knowledge of these conditions among family members of their patients gives the clinician the ability to provide improved risk assessment and reproductive planning. Such knowledge can also serve as motivation for patients to adhere to healthy behaviors such as folic acid use or smoking cessation. To evaluate the utility of collecting family history reports of major birth defects as a public health strategy, 6 key criteria were examined by reviewing the relevant published literature. Overall, the review showed that major birth defects satisfied several of the criteria. Additional research is needed, however, regarding the awareness of parent reports of the occurrence of these conditions among relatives and how knowledge of birth defect diagnoses and related risk factors are transmitted among relatives. Such research needs to encompass not only immediate family members but also other first-degree and second-degree relatives. In summary, routine collection of family history reports of birth defects in pediatric practice holds promise as a public health strategy to reduce the burden of morbidity, mortality, and disability associated with major birth defects.
Competitive Equilibria under Uncertainty

I. Introduction, 533. — II. The Arrow-Debreu models of consumer and entrepreneurial choice under uncertainty, 534. — III. Consumer choice under uncertainty, 538. — IV. Entrepreneurial choice under uncertainty, 543. — V. The existence of a competitive equilibrium under uncertainty, 547. — VI. Concluding remarks, 553. — Appendix, 556.
THE PROCESSING OF TENSE: PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDIES ON THE INTERPRETATION OF TENSE AND TEMPORAL RELATIONS. Michael Walsh Dickey . Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001. Pp. xiii + 310. $148.00 cloth, $58.00 paper.

This book presents a psycholinguistic investigation of how the English past tense is interpreted by adult English native speakers (NSs) during on-line sentence comprehension. Structurally speaking, tense is a morphosyntactic category of the verb and bears semantic content: In other words, it locates the event described by the sentence with respect to the speech time and also other events in discourse. In chapter 1, Dickey presents extensive background on the semantic literature on tense and sentence processing and introduces several research questions: how and when the language processor assigns an interpretation to tense markers, whether the domain of interpretation is the sentence or the discourse, whether interpretation is assigned immediately or is delayed, and whether discourse or syntactic simplicity guides the analysis of temporal interpretation. To answer these questions, Dickey focuses on three phenomena—interpretation of aspect with temporal adverbials and adverb preposing ( John had left at 5 vs. At 5, John had left ), interpretation of tense in matrix contexts and temporal anaphora ( Sheila had a party last Friday; Sam got drunk ), and interpretation of sequence of tense phenomena ( John said that Mary was sick )—which he develops and tests empirically in chapters 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In chapter 5, the conclusion, remaining questions are addressed. The book presents a total of seven experiments using a self-paced reading task, which measures reaction times at critical segments of a given sentence, to see how semantic ambiguity is resolved by the language processor.
Some properties of vector measures taking values in a topological vector space

In this paper we study some properties of vector measures with values in various topological vector spaces. As a matter of fact, we give a necessary condition implying the Pettis integrability of a function f : S → E , where S is a set and E a locally convex space. Furthermore, we prove an iff condition under which ( Q, E ) has the Pettis property, for an algebra Q and a sequentially complete topological vector space E . An approximating theorem concerning vector measures taking values in a Frechet space is also given.
Time-dependent correlation functions of the transverse Ising chain at the critical magnetic field

Abstract We study the correlation function 〈 σ 0 x ( t ) σ n x (0)〉 of the transverse Ising model in a critical field whose hamiltonian is 1 2 Σ l {σ l x σ l+1 x −σ l z } . At an arbitrary temperature T we relate the autocorrelation to a Fredholm determinant. Moreover at T = 0 the correlations are given by a Painleve V function for all n . The long-time asymptotic behavior of this function is found and the connection problem is studied. This result contains oscillatory terms which are related to the density of states at the Brillouin zone boundary.
A Comparison of Energy Detectability Models for Spectrum Sensing

Energy detection has been adopted as an alternative spectrum sensing method for cognitive radios due to its low computational complexity and not requiring a priori information of the signal to be detected. In this work, we analyze the accuracy of different energy detector models in approximating the exact solution both in AWGN and Rayleigh channels. Our simulations show that all of these models have almost the same performance in Rayleigh channels. Hence, we conclude that any one of them can be used to represent the energy detector's performance instead of the complicated exact solution in Rayleigh fading channels. Using Edell's model, we derive the relationship between the number of samples and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for Rayleigh channels similar to the results obtained for AWGN channels. We also verify our analytical results by simulations.
Recombineering-based procedure for creating BAC transgene constructs for animals and cell lines.

The use of BAC/P1 as a vector for the generation of a transgene has gained popularity after the genomic annotation of many organisms was completed (often based on the respective BAC library). Large-scale generation of BAC transgenic mice has proven that BAC transgene approaches have less integration position effects and dosage artifacts when compared with traditional transgenic approaches. Also, a BAC can achieve the same tissue-specific expression as a Knock-in of the same gene with less effort and shorter time of establishment. The λ-RED recombinogenic system has been used to manipulate DNA constructs with site-directed mutagenesis, truncation, and tagging with an epitope tag or as a fusion protein by homologous recombination, as well as used here to modify many BACs with various transgenes. The recombineering plasmid, pKD46, is used to fabricate BAC transgenic constructs that can be used in generating transgenic organisms as well as used in mammalian cell culture.
Building accountability into the future Internet

This paper proposes a future Internet architecture whose security foundations prevent todaypsilas major threats - IP spoofing, distributed denial-of-service attacks, distributed scanning and intrusions, and wide-spread worm infections.The core of the architecture are source signatures that are attached to each packet by its creator host. These lightweight, unforgeable signatures make senders accountable for traffic they originate. They also enable spoofing elimination close to sources since they are verified at each router hop. The second layer of the architecture introduces route- independent, lightweight, unforgeable and short-lived packet tickets that act as capabilities. They indicate that the packet's destination agrees to receive traffic from a given source and eliminate some common denial-of-service attacks close to sources because they are verified at each router hop. The top layer contains a reputation system that collects server reports about malicious client behaviors. Reports include verifiable proofs of malicious behavior, which prevents lying, and are aggregated into a client's reputation. Reputations provide information about previously unseen clients to servers that can use it to decide whether a client should be granted a ticket. Jointly, these three architectural layers introduce strong accountability into the future Internet.
Effect of illumination uniformity on GaAs photoconductive switches

The dynamic behavior of a GaAs photoconductive switch was studied with an electro-optic imaging system during the first 2 ns after optical illumination. The switch behavior changed as a function of the spatial distribution of the optical illumination. Symmetric and asymmetric illumination schemes were investigated experimentally with our electro-optic imaging system. The electric fields were significantly enhanced in the regions of low photo-carrier density. Approximately 1 ns after illumination the simple longitudinal variation of the electric field gave way to nonuniform transverse structure. The experimental results were modeled by treating the switch as an integral part of a transmission line consisting of discrete elements. The experimental results matched the predictions of the transmission-line model in terms of the electric-field enhancements and efficiency. >
Effect of tumor necrosis factor antagonism on allergen-mediated asthmatic airway inflammation.

Summary Objective To assess whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonism can attenuate eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with mild-to-moderate allergic asthma. Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center. Patients Twenty-six patients with mild-to-moderate allergic asthma, receiving only inhaled β -2-agonists, who demonstrated both an early and late phase response to inhalational allergen challenge. Intervention Injection of a soluble TNF receptor (TNFR:Fc, etanercept, Enbrel) or placebo, 25 mg subcutaneously, twice weekly for 2 weeks, followed by a bronchoscopic segmental allergen challenge. Measurements The primary outcome measure was whether TNFR:Fc can access the lung and inhibit TNF bioactivity. Secondary outcome measures included pulmonary eosinophilia, Th2-type cytokines, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Results Anti-TNF therapy was associated with transient hemiplegia in one patient, which resulted in suspension of the study. Data from the 21 participants who completed the study were analyzed. Following treatment, patients receiving anti-TNF therapy had significantly increased TNFR2 levels in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) ( P 0.001 ), consistent with delivery of TNFR:Fc to the lung. TNF antagonism did not attenuate pulmonary eosinophilia and was associated with an increase in ELF IL-4 levels ( P = 0.033 ) at 24 h following segmental allergen challenge. TNF antagonism was not associated with a change in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Conclusions TNF antagonism may not be effective for preventing allergen-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation in mild-to-moderate asthmatics. Transient hemiplegia, which may mimic an evolving stroke, may be a potential toxicity of anti-TNF therapy.
Microanalysis of explosives and propellants by on‐line supercritical fluid extraction/chromatography with triple detection

A compact analytical instrument is described which allows microsamples to be extracted with supercritical fluids, and the extract preconcentrated and analyzed by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography in a single coupled unit. Thus, no off-line sample pretreatment is required, and the possibility of extraneous contamination is reduced. To achieve greater selectivity and sensitivity for selected species, three different detectors (UV absorption, flame ionization and electron capture) were all connected on-line. This analytical instrument configuration was established by upgrading a commercial capillary supercritical fluid chromatograph using regular chromatographic supplies. To illustrate the analytical utility of this hyphenated technique, an assortment of compounds that are not easily determined by traditional gas chromatographic or liquid chromatographic methods was selected: explosives, propellants, and related species. The instrumental design, as well as selected analytical conditions (sample pretreatment, extraction, preconcentration, separation, and detection) were investigated to improve selectivity and/or sensitivity. The determination of explosive residues on soil is described as an environmental analysis application of the system. Detection limits for some compounds are estimated to be as low as 100 pg. The firearm propellants were characterized through their extractable organic constituents, and the usefulness of such characterization in forensic investigations is discussed. Closely related to this issue is the analysis of the residue in expended cartridge cases. A chromatographic fingerprint was obtained from the propellant used in the ammunition. This fingerprint can be used under certain circumstances to correlate a specific batch of propellant with the residue left in a fired cartridge case.
Calibration of a directional hydrophone in a hydroacoustic tank using the Prony method

We have shown that the Prony method, used with a stepped-sinusoid pulse, is suited to our directional hydrophone calibration. We are able to drop our lower frequency limit from 750 Hz (3 cycles) to 200 Hz (0.8 cycles). Further study into pole convergence methods and more recent Prony method research is necessary to find out whether the poles of the test device can be ascertained directly. Such a possibility should produce a faster calibration and more useful information for modeling purposes.
Type II Iodothyronine 5'-Deiodination by Human and Rat Placenta in Vitro*

Abstract T4 and rT3 5'-deiodination were measured in human and rat placental homogenates. rT3 5'-deiodination rates were reduced 5-40% by 1 mM 6-n-propylthiouracil (PTU), but T4 5'-deiodination was not affected by 1 mM PTU. In human tissue, homogenates of the chorionic membrane decidua had greater PTU-insensitive activity than homogenates of tropho-blastic tissue or amnion. In the rat placenta, basal zone homogenates had greater activity than homogenates of placental labyrinth or amnion. The distribution of 5'-deiodinating activity in placental structures differed from that of T3 tyrosyl ring deiod-inating activity in both species. PTU-insensitive rT3 5'-deiodinating activity was enriched in particulate subcellular fractions, but not in cytosol. Kinetic studies of T4 5'-deiodination using particulate fractions from human chorionic membrane decidua and rat basal zone showed a sequential kinetic pattern when the dithiothreitol concentration was varied, with apparent Michaelis constants (Km) and 50% inhibito...
REWRITING ROME IN POST-1945 GERMAN- LANGUAGE LITERATURE

In order to understand any process of cultural appropriation, one needs to examine the relationship of concepts such as Lefevere's “image”, Snell-Hornby's “norm”, Bourdieu's “habitus” as well as “tertium comparationis”. Broader application of discussions within Translation Studies proves essential for understanding a key aspect of Cultural Studies. Case in point here is the appropriation of classical Rome in post-1945 German-language literature. The Rome that appears in contemporary fiction is neither the city proper nor the historical empire per se, but rather Rome as an invention. It is a cultural concept construed historically without itself being necessarily historical. It enables the process of cultural appropriation by providing basic characteristics accepted by the appropriating culture, and whose presence ensures the impression of fidelity to the appropriated culture. The invariant here is artificial. Although the image operates on something close to an unconscious level (black box), it is nonethe...
Cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of multiple personality.

The case of Audrey H. represents the first successful cognitive behavioral treatment of a multiple personality reported in the literature. In this article the construct of multiple personality is briefly reviewed from various theoretical perspectives. The therapeutic approach chosen involved first the analysis of the emotions and behaviors of each subpersonality and then the process of integrating each alternate by cognitively developing in Audrey the realization that her various alternates all were facets of the same individual. Various specific behavioral procedures were employed, all within a generally orchestrated program of cognitive restructuring. Five years after the completion of therapy, this patient was experiencing no dissociation whatsoever and only moderate levels of anxiety.
Melolabial flaps for nasal reconstruction

Nasal reconstruction remains a significant surgical challenge. The melolabial flap and its multiple variations relies on the robust vascularity and abundant subcutaneous fat of the melolabial fold, to transfer skin and soft tissue to the lower one-third of the nose, the nasal sidewall or as a replacement for nasal lining while hiding the donor scar in the melolabial crease. This content discusses pertinent cutaneous anatomy, patient selection, preparation and education, flap design, surgical techniques and post-operative considerations to enable the surgeon to achieve a reconstruction result that closely approximates the pre-injury state while producing limited donor site deformity.
Twelve tips for doing effective Team-Based Learning (TBL)

Team-based learning (TBL) in medical education has emerged over the past few years as an instructional strategy to enhance active learning and critical thinking – even in large, basic science courses. Although TBL consistently improves academic outcomes by shifting the instructional focus from knowledge transmission to knowledge application, it also addresses several professional competencies that cannot be achieved or evaluated through lecture-based instruction. These 12 tips provide the reader with a set of specific recommendations which, if followed, will ensure the successful design and implementation of TBL for a unit of study.
Connectionist and rule-based representations of expert knowledge

Research in computer science has led to the development of two broad classes of models of knowledge representation: rule-based and connectionist systems. Both techniques solve the same abstract problem, that is, the assignment of cases to classes. Connectionist modeling techniques have been applied to three classification situations in which one would expect rule-based models to be applicable. Two of the situations involved the diagnosis of problems in and operation of a fictitious power plant. The third situation involved the classification of misconceptions held by elementary physics students. Connectionist modeling developed adequate simulations of behavior in all three cases.
NOx reduction by urea under lean conditions over single step sol–gel Pt/alumina catalyst

Abstract We prepared 2% Pt on alumina catalyst using a single step sol–gel process (designated as 2% Pt-SG) and tested its activity for NOx reduction with aqueous urea solutions under oxidizing conditions. Our results show that ∼99% NOx conversion was obtained as low as 150 °C but above 350 °C, the conversion became negative because of the additional formation of NO and NO2 from the oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds. We also found that NOx conversion activity of 2% Pt-SG is strongly dependent on water content rather than on urea amount and the presence of 7% oxygen in the feed lowers the maximum NOx conversion temperature from 250 to 150 °C.
Homogeneity of Small-Scale Earthquake Faulting, Stress, and Fault Strength

Small-scale faulting at seismogenic depths in the crust appears to be more homogeneous than previously thought. I study three new high-quality focal- mechanism datasets of small ( M < ∼3) earthquakes in southern California, the east San Francisco Bay, and the aftershock sequence of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. I quantify the degree of mechanism variability on a range of length scales by comparing the hypocentral distance between every pair of events and the angular difference between their focal mechanisms. Closely spaced earthquakes (interhypocentral distance <∼2 km) tend to have very similar focal mechanisms, often identical to within the 1-sigma uncertainty of ∼25°. This observed similarity implies that in small volumes of crust, while faults of many orientations may or may not be present, only similarly oriented fault planes produce earthquakes contemporaneously. On these short length scales, the crustal stress orientation and fault strength (coefficient of friction) are inferred to be homogeneous as well, to produce such similar earthquakes. Over larger length scales (∼2–50 km), focal mechanisms become more diverse with increasing interhypocentral distance (differing on average by 40–70°). Mechanism variability on ∼2- to 50-km length scales can be explained by relatively small variations (∼30%) in stress or fault strength. It is possible that most of this small apparent heterogeneity in stress or strength comes from measurement error in the focal mechanisms, as negligible variation in stress or fault strength (<10%) is needed if each earthquake is assigned the optimally oriented focal mechanism within the 1- sigma confidence region. This local homogeneity in stress orientation and fault strength is encouraging, implying it may be possible to measure these parameters with enough precision to be useful in studying and modeling large earthquakes.
Alternative translations of a single RNA message: an identity switch of (2S,3R)-4,4,4-trifluorovaline between valine and isoleucine codons.

Changed in translation: Bacterial expression hosts can be engineered so that a single RNA message can be read in different ways depending on the relative rates of competing aminoacylation reactions. The (2S,3R)-4,4,4-trifluorovaline can be assigned either to isoleucine or to valine codons according to whether the bacterial host overexpresses the isoleucyl- or the valyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS and ValRS, respectively; see scheme).
The role of back stress in sub-50 nm Si nanocubes

Abstract Development of more accurate descriptions of dislocation motion requires understanding the actual effective stress driving it. Back stresses from dislocation pile-ups can work against the applied stress resulting in lower stresses acting on moving dislocations. This study presents calculations of back stress derived from in-situ compression of 26–39 nm sized single crystal silicon cubes inside the transmission electron microscope. These initially dislocation free particles exhibited yielding culminating in over 60% plastic strain. The back stress was calculated based on a pile-up model which, when subtracted from the applied stress, suggests a constant effective stress for continuing plasticity.
Starch: Structure, Property, and Determination

This article provides an overview of composition, chemical structures, and physical properties of starch, a polysaccharide important for food and industrial applications. The first part of the article covers structural features of different components of starch, that is, amylose, amylopectin, intermediate component, phytoglycogen, lipids, phospholipids, and phosphate monoester derivatives. The second part focuses on functional properties, that is, gelatinization, pasting, gel formation, retrogradation, and digestibility of starches from different botanical sources. Relationships between the molecular composition, granular structures, and functional properties of starch are also discussed.
Prosthetic valve thrombosis: when and how should we lyse?

With the advent of the Starr-Edwards mechanical mitral and aortic valves in the 1960s, the surgical era of the treatment of cardiac valvular disease began in earnest. Although considered definitive, valve replacement surgery effectively represents an exchange of the pathophysiology of severe
Effects of Leadership Roles and Management Information System on Strategic Planning Formulation

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have adopted strategic planning since 1980s (Fidler, 2002; Richards, O’Shea, & Connolly, 2004). According to Bryson (2004), the main purpose of strategic planning in HEIs is to help them to think, act, and learn strategically. One of important stages of strategic planning is formulation. Many HEIs still face a serious problem in formulation because it is a complicated process that is influenced by many variables (Bacig, 2002). Two important variables that influence strategic planning formulation in HEIs are leadership roles and use of management information system (Simerson, 2011). This study analyzed the effects of leadership roles and use of management information system on the accuracy of strategic planning formulation in HEIs. This study employed a survey design to obtain data. A self-constructed questionnaire of 72 items was used to solicit data. The instrument was both face and content validated and reliability determined using the Alpha reliability method. An Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.754 was obtained. The collected data were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson-Product Moment. The analysis shows that the leadership roles and use of management information system accounted for 13% in the accuracy of strategic planning formulation simultaneously. The study also revealed that department’s chair should join a program that focuses on higher education leadership and management. Therefore, it is recommended that president of university and deans should strategize means of helping to boost the roles of department’s chair and the use of management information system by having them to join such programs.
Endoscopic stents in the management of anastomotic complications after foregut surgery: new applications and techniques

Abstract Background Anastomotic complications after foregut surgery include leaks, fistulas, and late strictures. The management of these complications can be challenging, and it may be desirable to avoid complex reoperation. Objectives We aim to describe the indications and outcomes of the use of esophageal self-expanding metal stents in the management of postoperative anastomotic complications after foregut surgery. Setting Tertiary-referral academic medical center. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively managed database. Data was collected on patient demographic characteristics, work-up, intraprocedure findings, and outcomes. Results From October of 2009 to November of 2014, 47 patients (mean age 51.1, 36 women and 11 men) underwent endoscopic stent placement for anastomotic complications following upper gastrointestinal (UGI) surgery. The median time from index operation to endoscopic stent placement was 52 days (range 1–5280 days). Indications were sleeve leak or stenosis, gastrojejunal leak or stenosis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), pouch staple-line leak after RYGB, enterocutaneous fistula, perforation after endoscopic dilation, upper gastrointestinal bleeding after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), and peptic stricture after POEM. Symptomatic improvement occurred in 76.6% of patients, and early oral intake was initiated in 66% of patients. 14 patients (29.8%) went on to require definitive surgical intervention for persistent symptomatology. The average follow-up was 354.1 days (range 25–1912 days). Conclusion This paper describes the use of endoscopic stent therapy for a variety of pathologies after upper gastrointestinal surgery. We demonstrate that, in the appropriate setting, it is an effective and less-invasive therapeutic approach.
Management System for Campus Traffic Planning

The need for a standard procedure for establishing and implementing a campus traffic and parking improvement formed the basis of this study. The study identified and evaluated various elements associated with a campus transportation program, such as organization, staff responsibilities, functions, finance, and practical constraints. More specifically, the guidelines suggested for considering the requirements and the desired functions of a campus programming unit. An organizational scheme was derived to show how the program should function. The procedure was formulated from a logical viewpoint to seek the generality of the work plan. It was believed that the model or procedure developed by this study should provide valuable insight in programming a campus transportation study on a comprehensive scale, and that the basic procedure with only minor modifications should be applicable to any type of campus with specific characteristics.
Brief communication: Possible explanation of the values of Hack's drainage basin, river length scaling exponent

Abstract. Percolation theory can be used to find water flow paths of least resistance. Application of percolation theory to drainage networks allows identification of the range of exponent values that describe the tortuosity of rivers in real river networks, which is then used to generate the observed scaling between drainage basin area and channel length, a relationship known as Hack's law. Such a theoretical basis for Hack's law may allow interpretation of the range of exponent values based on an assessment of the heterogeneity of the substrate.
Serum Albumin Stimulates Protein Kinase G-dependent Microneme Secretion in Toxoplasma gondii

Microneme secretion is essential for motility, invasion, and egress in apicomplexan parasites. Although previous studies indicate that Ca(2+) and cGMP control microneme secretion, little is known about how these pathways are naturally activated. Here we have developed genetically encoded indicators for Ca(2+) and microneme secretion to better define the signaling pathways that regulate these processes in Toxoplasma gondii We found that microneme secretion was triggered in vitro by exposure to a single host protein, serum albumin. The natural agonist serum albumin induced microneme secretion in a protein kinase G-dependent manner that correlated with increased cGMP levels. Surprisingly, serum albumin acted independently of elevated Ca(2+) and yet it was augmented by artificial agonists that raise Ca(2+), such as ethanol. Furthermore, although ethanol elevated intracellular Ca(2+), it alone was unable to trigger secretion without the presence of serum or serum albumin. This dichotomy was recapitulated by zaprinast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that elevated cGMP and separately increased Ca(2+) in a protein kinase G-independent manner leading to microneme secretion. Taken together, these findings reveal that microneme secretion is centrally controlled by protein kinase G and that this pathway is further augmented by elevation of intracellular Ca(2.)
Efficient Ab initio Modeling of Random Multicomponent Alloys.

Here, we present in this Letter a novel small set of ordered structures (SSOS) method that allows extremely efficient ab initio modeling of random multi-component alloys. Using inverse II-III spinel oxides and equiatomic quinary bcc (so-called high entropy) alloys as examples, we also demonstrate that a SSOS can achieve the same accuracy as a large supercell or a well-converged cluster expansion, but with significantly reduced computational cost. In particular, because of this efficiency, a large number of quinary alloy compositions can be quickly screened, leading to the identification of several new possible high entropy alloy chemistries. Furthermore, the SSOS method developed here can be broadly useful for the rapid computational design of multi-component materials, especially those with a large number of alloying elements, a challenging problem for other approaches.
Extract enclosure culture in coastal waters based on high spatial resolution remote sensing image

This paper proposed a new method for coastal cultivating area automatic recognition combining image inverse with threshold texture features segmentation.Firstly,the weak information of culture zone on coast was highlighted by using image inverse technology,and then the sea and land was separated based on coastal line,and the texture feature in sea zone was calculated.Thirdly,the optimal threshold with the texture value histogram analysis was determined.Finally,the small patch was removed by filtering process.Experiments show that the proposed method is practical and effective,which can be used in enclosure culture zones extraction from high spatial resolution remote sensing images.
Fetal rhabdomyoma of the tongue in a newborn.

Anthracotic pigmentation in the bronchial mucosa is a bronchoscopic finding of pneumoconiosis, or evidence of heavy atmospheric soot. This pigmentation in the tracheobronchial mucosa is surrounded by calcified or noncalcified lymph nodes. Anthracosis is not a previously known cause of left vocal fold paralysis. We present what we believe to be the first reported case of anthracosis-caused vocal fold paralysis.
Vibration Analysis of a Coupled Multibody Dynamic Model of a Contact Mechanics Roller Rig

This study develops a detailed multi-body dynamic model of the Virginia Tech Roller Rig (VTRR) using multi body simulation software package SIMPACK. The Virginia Tech Roller Rig, a single-wheel roller rig with vertical plane roller configuration, is a state of the art testing fixture for experimental investigation of wheel-rail contact mechanics and dynamics. In order to have a better understanding of the dynamics at the contact, dynamic behavior and interaction of various components and subsystems of the rig need to be understood. In addition, it is essential to make sure that the measurements are only due to particular subject of study and not any intermittent source of disturbance. Any unwanted vibration at the contact needs to be compensated in the data measurements. To this end, a fully detailed model of the rig including all the components is developed in SIMPACK. The coupled multibody dynamic model represents all the major components of the rig and their interactions. The multibody dynamic model is employed for conducting noise, vibration, harshness (NVH) analysis of the rig. An Eigenvalue analysis provides the modal frequencies and mode shapes of the system. The modal analysis predicts the first natural frequency of the rig to be approximately 70 Hz, providing a relatively high bandwidth for evaluating the dynamics at the wheel-rail interface. Only dynamic that could have higher frequencies than the rig’s bandwidth is wheel-rail squeal. The model is also used to evaluate the performance of the contact force measurement system designed for the rig. The results show that the contact forces can be estimated precisely using the force measurement system.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The distribution of Co58-labeled vitamin B12 in the rat with fatty metamorphosis and cirrhosis of the liver.

Abstract 1.1. The distribution pattern of Co 58 -cyanocobalamin, mainly in kidney and liver, has been studied in the normal rat and the rat with fatty metamorphosis and cirrhosis of the liver. 2.2. The fatty and cirrhotic liver has been found to have a diminished binding capacity for Co 58 -cyanocobalamin. The data suggest that this binding capacity is more severely impaired in the fatty than in the cirrhotic liver. 3.3. In the normal rat, the concentration of administered Co 58 -cyanocobalamin in the liver increases gradually and reaches a maximum around the fourteenth day; in the fatty liver the concentration is smaller on the fourteenth than on the second day. 4.4. The kidney of the animals with fatty metamorphosis and cirrhosis of the liver has been shown to have an increased binding capacity for Co 58 -cyanocobalamin. In the normal kidney, the Co 58 -cyanocobalamin concentration diminishes between the second and fourteenth days following the administration of the labeled vitamin. In contrast, the kidney of the animal with fatty metamorphosis of the liver maintains or increases its Co 58 -cyanocobalamin content during this period. 5.5. It is suggested that the diminished binding capacity of the damaged liver leads to the utilization of other potential binding sites for the vitamin, especially the kidney.
Three or Four Heteroatoms including at least One Boron

There has been an exponential increase in the synthesis and usage of a number of organic and inorganic boron compounds in the industry and academia. One of the important protocols for the synthesis of the organoboranes involves the hydroboration of olefins. This reaction is one of the most influential discoveries of the twentieth century in the field of organic synthesis. The organoboranes can be readily transformed into functional groups such as alcohols, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, etc. The discovery of asymmetric versions of these reactions has added further impetus to the growing field of boron chemistry. This chapter describes various aspects of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing one or more boron atoms, such as the procedures available for the preparation of these molecules, the reactivity of the heteroatoms (B, N, O, etc.) in the ring, the reactivity of substituents attached to ring heteroatoms such as B–H, B–C, B–X, B–Si, B–Cu, etc. The reactions have been categorized based on the reaction center; for example, the reactions of B–H, namely hydroboration of alkenes, asymmetric reduction of ketones, borylation and dehydrogenative borylation, etc., have been placed in a subcategory. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings, stereoselective C–C bond-forming reactions such as allylation, Diels–Alder reaction, cycloadditions, and radical conjugate additions are among the key reactions that describe the reactivity of B–C bond. Several key transformations of B–X, B–Si, and B–Cu have also been dealt with in great detail. Apart from the reactivity, the ring syntheses from cyclic and acyclic compounds, and the syntheses of particular classes of compounds containing multiple heteroatoms have also been described in this chapter. Finally, some of the important compounds and their applications have been described at the end.
Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation and Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia

The cornerstone of current techniques for identifying successful ablation sites of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease is the localization of abnormal or scarred myocardium. This tissue usually contains areas of slow conduction, which are critical for maintaining reentrant arrhythmias. Electroanatomic mapping performed in the electrophysiology laboratory identifies the presence of anatomic scar by decreased bipolar voltages measured with roving, steerable catheters. Given the inherent limitations of this technique, such as falsely low voltage recording due to poor catheter contact, the inability to detect intramural scar, and limited mapping density, imaging modalities such magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography have been used to assess scar by demonstrating gadolinium enhancement, thinned walls, and perfusion/metabolic abnormalities. However, the recurrence rate in multicenter trials using state-of-the-art technology is close to 50 % in the first 6 months after ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation.
Disparities in the Use of Seizure Medications After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose— We investigated potential disparities in the use of prophylactic seizure medications in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods— Review of multicenter electronic health record (EHR) data with simultaneous prospective data recording. EHR data were retrieved from HealthLNK, a multicenter EHR repository in Chicago, Illinois, from 2006 to 2012 (multicenter cohort). Additional data were prospectively coded (single-center cohort) from 2007 through 2015. Results— The multicenter cohort comprised 3422 patients from 4 HealthLNK centers. Use of levetiracetam varied by race/ethnicity ( P =0.0000008), with whites nearly twice as likely as blacks to be administered levetiracetam (odds ratio: 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–2.05; P <0.0001). In the single-center cohort (n=450), hematoma location, older age, depressed consciousness, larger hematoma volume, no alcohol abuse, and race/ethnicity were associated with levetiracetam administration ( P ≤0.04). Whites were nearly twice as likely as blacks to receive levetiracetam (odds ratio: 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.89; P =0.002); however, the association was confounded by history of hypertension, higher blood pressure on admission, and deep hematoma location. Only hematoma location was independently associated with levetiracetam administration ( P <0.00001), rendering other variables, including race/ethnicity, nonsignificant. Conclusions— Although multicenter EHR data showed apparent racial/ethnic disparities in the use of prophylactic seizure medications, a more complete single-center cohort found the apparent disparity to be confounded by the clinical factors of hypertension and hematoma location. Disparities in care after intracerebral hemorrhage are common; however, administrative data may lead to the discovery of disparities that are confounded by detailed clinical data not readily available in EHRs.
Highlights of the American College of Cardiology Annual Scientific Sessions 2017

Recently, the 66th Annual American College of Cardiology (ACC) Scientific Sessions convened in Washington, DC, building on the theme of “more learning, less lecturing”. Despite the challenge of winter storm Stella, the meeting went off without a hitch, bringing together more than 18 500 attendees from across the world. Clinical science was at the forefront of the meeting, with 23 late-breaking clinical trials and 17 featured clinical research presentations. In addition, ACC.17 (2017 American College of Cardiology Annual Scientific Sessions) offered an updated core curriculum program, half-day intensive sessions focusing on palliative care, healthcare equity, and faculty development, live case demonstrations, and a personalized skills center, featuring hands-on simulation and test question review. Audience participation and response were featured throughout the meeting. New this year, physician attendees received simultaneous credit for continuing medical education and American Board of Internal Medicine Maintenance of Certification (ABIM-MOC) for the majority of the educational sessions; European physicians received external continuing medical education credit; and pharmacists and nurses received continuing education credits. The opening session featured Richard Chazal, MACC, ACC President, and this year’s Simon Dack Lecturer, David Skorton, FACC, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute. Dr Chazal remarked on the ever-changing landscape of cardiovascular medicine, while Dr Skorton emphasized the importance and richness of the arts and humanities in our profession and our lives. Thereafter, 3 late-breaking clinical trials were presented, setting the stage for an exciting display of practice-changing science. The FOURIER trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated …
Ceramic ultra-thin coatings using atomic layer deposition

Abstract: Ultra-thin films can be coated on primary fine particles without significant aggregation by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a fluidized bed reactor. Precursor doses can be delivered to the bed of particles sequentially and, in most cases, can be utilized at nearly 100% efficiency without precursor breakthrough and loss, with the assistance of an inline downstream mass spectrometer. A multitude of applications can be addressed in a competitive fashion using fine particles that have been surface-modified using ALD in scalable, high-throughput unit operations. Several examples of the applications of conformal ALD coatings have been discussed, including oxidation-resistant metals or ceramics, coatings that enable biomedical applications including tissue engineering, and corrosion-resistant particles for next-generation batteries, capacitors or fuel cells. It is expected that the technology of thin film coating by particle ALD will play a major role in the field of advanced materials.
Design of Complex Nanomaterials for Energy Storage: Past Success and Future Opportunity.

ConspectusThe development of next-generation lithium-based rechargeable batteries with high energy density, low cost, and improved safety is a great challenge with profound technological significance for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage. Specifically, advanced lithium battery chemistries call for a paradigm shift to electrodes with high Li to host ratio based on a conversion or alloying mechanism, where the increased capacity is often accompanied by drastic volumetric changes, significant bond breaking, limited electronic/ionic conductivity, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interphase.Fortunately, the rapid progress of nanotechnology over the past decade has been offering battery researchers effective means to tackle some of the most pressing issues for next-generation battery chemistries. The major applications of nanotechnology in batteries can be summarized as follows: First, by reduction of the dimensions of the electrode materials, the cracking threshold of the...
Ending Isolation: The Payoff of Teacher Teams in Successful High-Poverty Urban Schools.

Background/ContextMany urban schools today look to instructional teams as a means to decrease professional isolation, promote teachers’ ongoing development, and substantially reduce well-documented...
Prenatal Testing: Screening, Diagnosis, and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

The past half-century has been witness to a remarkable evolution in the screening and diagnostic testing for developmental disorders in the fetus. Reproductive genetics, encompassing prenatal genetic screening, prenatal genetic diagnosis, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis, has assumed a dominant role in the obstetrical care and management of prospective parents. This dominance has been achieved by concurrent developments in obstetrical techniques for safely securing cells representative of the conceptus and in laboratory techniques for accurately genotyping embryonic and fetal cells at the chromosome and molecular levels. Prenatal testing for significant genetic disorders is currently divided into screening and diagnosis. A screening test either determines whether prospective parents are carriers of mutations, e.g., cystic fibrosis, or whether a pregnancy is at increased risk for a specific disorder, e.g., Down syndrome. This information is used to aid in a decision whether to proceed to additional procedures such as diagnostic testing and/or ultrasound evaluation. A diagnostic test is invasive and therefore engenders an obstetrical risk. Diagnostic testing involves either first trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or midtrimester amniocentesis, although under certain circumstances, biopsy of the fetal skin or percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) may be the procedure of choice. For patients with adverse pregnancies in the past, i.e., at significant reproductive risk because one or both parents are carriers of chromosome or gene mutations, preimplantation genetic screening and diagnosis may be possible as a means to distinguish genetically normal embryos from abnormal embryos. Historically, the field of reproductive genetics evolved from risk assessment based on previously determined odds, to diagnostic testing first by amniocentesis and then chorionic villus sampling, and, more recently, on screening for single gene mutations and chromosome abnormalities. From a prospective patient perspective, there are three questions that must be addressed: first, “How much information do I want?”; second, “At what time in pregnancy?”; and third, “What will I do with the information in regard to the pregnancy?”
A VLSI sorter

Sorting is one of the most important operations in data processing. It is estimated that in data processing centers, over 25 percent of CPU time is devoted to sorting [6]. Many sequential and parallel sorting algorithms have been proposed and studied [1–3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13–18]. Implementation of various sorting algorithms in different hardware structures has also been investigated [2–4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 18].