cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Techniques for contained morcellation in gynecologic surgery.

Objective To demonstrate 2 step-by-step techniques for contained morcellation of uterine tissue. Design Instructional video showing laparoscopic electromechanical morcellation within an endoscopic pouch, and alternatively, tissue extraction via ultra-minilaparotomy. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy or hysterectomy. Intervention(s) For contained electromechanical morcellation, the specimen is placed within an endoscopic pouch, the edges of which are exteriorized through a 15-mm cannula. The cannula is repositioned inside the pouch for insufflation. A bladed fixation trocar enters the pouch through an assistant port and is secured by its retention disk and balloon tip. Gas inflow is changed to this assistant port, through which the laparoscope is inserted. A power morcellator is introduced via the 15-mm port site, and morcellation thus proceeds within the containment system. Residual fragments of tissue are collectively retrieved by withdrawing the endoscopic pouch. For tissue extraction via ultra-minilaparotomy, the specimen is placed within a pouch that is drawn up through a flexible, self-retaining retractor seated in a 2 to 3–cm incision. The specimen is cored out sharply with a scalpel. Main outcome measure(s) None. Result(s) Contained morcellation is technically feasible, efficient (mean additional operative time is approximately 30 minutes), and prevents intraperitoneal dispersion of tissue fragments. Our group has safely performed >100 such procedures and removed specimens weighing nearly 1,500 grams. Potential complications include viscous injury upon insertion of the bladed trocar, and pouch failure. Conclusion(s) These techniques allow surgeons to adopt the new standard of contained morcellation and permit removal of extensive pathology with a minimally invasive approach.
SOIL MICROBIAL ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF A WETLAND RECOVERING FROM PHOSPHORUS EUTROPHICATION

Soil phosphorus (P) enrichment from external inputs can result in considerable changes in wetland ecosystem structure. What is not known is whether many of the microbial physiological measures that are effective at determining ongoing impact are equally sensitive to reductions in the soil P content. The study was conducted over a two year period (1999-2000) in two areas located in Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area (BCMCA), an area (Enriched) with historically elevated soil P (1,544 mg kg 21 in 1995, 877 mg kg 21 in this study) and a reference area (Reference) with background soil P contents (698 mg kg 21 ). Nutrient loading to this wetland was terminated in 1994. Microbial ecophysiology measures were obtained quarterly and consisted of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, b-glucosidase and acid phosphatase, and end products of anaerobic microbial metabolism (CO2 and CH4). All measures exhibited significant temporal variation with higher values for MBC content, enzyme activities, and respiration rates during summer months (June and September) and lower in the winter months (December and March). We found no significant differences between site mean MBC (Enriched: 7.24, Reference: 8.22 mg 21 kg 21 ), CH4 production (Enriched: 4.41, Reference: 4.73 mmol CH4 gr 21 d 21 ), or b-glucosidase activity (Enriched: 56.14, Reference: 57.70 m gM UF gr 21 h 21 ). The site mean acid phosphatase (Enriched: 56.92, Reference: 78.74 m gM UF gr 21 h 21 )a nd CO 2 production rates (Enriched: 11.00, Reference: 13.69 mmol CO2 gr 21 d 21 ) were found to be significantly different. Microbial communities at the two sites were different in terms of their metabolic activities, but not in terms of C-pathways. We also found that enzyme profiles at the enriched site did not change appreciably over the two year period. The results obtained in this two year study suggest that most microbial community ecophysiology measures were not responsive to decreasing concentrations of P. However, at both sites, b-glucosidase and anaerobic microbial activities were higher in the second year (41.80 vs. 68.27 m gM UF gr 21 h 21 and 10.34 vs.13.85 mmol CO2 gr 21 d 21 ) and acid phosphatase activities lower (72.54 vs. 63.11 m gM UF gr 21 h 21 ). A drawdown that took place in the winter months of late 1999 and early 2000 might have released labile soil components, resulting in increases in overall metabolic activities and repression of the acid phosphatase activities. This has management consequences as P from the enriched areas can be remobilized and move further downstream in surface water.
Resolution of Site-Specific Conformational Heterogeneity in Proline-Rich Molecular Recognition by Src Homology 3 Domains.

Conformational heterogeneity and dynamics are increasingly evoked in models of protein molecular recognition but are challenging to experimentally characterize. Here we combine the inherent temporal resolution of infrared (IR) spectroscopy with the spatial resolution afforded by selective incorporation of carbon-deuterium (C–D) bonds, which provide frequency-resolved absorptions within a protein IR spectrum, to characterize the molecular recognition of the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of the yeast protein Sho1 with its cognate proline-rich (PR) sequence of Pbs2. The IR absorptions of C–D bonds introduced at residues along a peptide of the Pbs2 PR sequence report on the changes in the local environments upon binding to the SH3 domain. Interestingly, upon forming the complex the IR spectra of the peptides labeled with C–D bonds at either of the two conserved prolines of the PXXP consensus recognition sequence show more absorptions than there are C–D bonds, providing evidence for the population of multiple st...
Retinal Degeneration Slow (RDS) Glycosylation Plays a Role in Cone Function and in the Regulation of RDS·ROM-1 Protein Complex Formation

The photoreceptor-specific glycoprotein retinal degeneration slow (RDS, also called PRPH2) is necessary for the formation of rod and cone outer segments. Mutations in RDS cause rod and cone-dominant retinal disease, and it is well established that both cell types have different requirements for RDS. However, the molecular mechanisms for this difference remain unclear. Although RDS glycosylation is highly conserved, previous studies have revealed no apparent function for the glycan in rods. In light of the highly conserved nature of RDS glycosylation, we hypothesized that it is important for RDS function in cones and could underlie part of the differential requirement for RDS in the two photoreceptor subtypes. We generated a knockin mouse expressing RDS without the N-glycosylation site (N229S). Normal levels of RDS and the unglycosylated RDS binding partner rod outer segment membrane protein 1 (ROM-1) were found in N229S retinas. However, cone electroretinogram responses were decreased by 40% at 6 months of age. Because cones make up only 3-5% of photoreceptors in the wild-type background, N229S mice were crossed into the nrl(-/-) background (in which all rods are converted to cone-like cells) for biochemical analysis. In N229S/nrl(-/-) retinas, RDS and ROM-1 levels were decreased by ~60% each. These data suggest that glycosylation of RDS is required for RDS function or stability in cones, a difference that may be due to extracellular versus intradiscal localization of the RDS glycan in cones versus rods.
Recent Developments in Jibbali

Jibbali, a Semitic language of Oman, has undergone a number of significant changes in the last forty years. One clear change has been the increase in the influence of Arabic on the lexicon, which is unsurprising, given the social and educational changes that have swept Oman since 1970. There have also been internal changes, however, some simply due to phonetic erosion, but some due to levelling and other kinds of analogy. The morphological changes — perhaps accelerated by imperfect language learning — are especially interesting, and also illustrate what kinds of morphology can be lost in just one or two generations.
The effect of some glycolytic intermediates and long-chain acyl-CoA esters on rat skeletal muscle mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (sn-glycerol-3-phosphate: acceptor oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.99.5) activity in mitochondria isolated from rat skeletal muscle has been studied. The pH optimum of the enzyme activity was about 7.4 and the apparent Km value for DL-α-glycerophosphate was approxinately 1.6mm. The activity of this enzyme was found to be inhibited by DL-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate in a competitive manner: the apparent Ki values at pH 7.4 being 0.3mm, 1.5mm and 4.0mm respectively. The enzyme was found to be more sensitive to phosphoenolpyruvate at pH 7.0 than 7.6.
GROWTH AND DOPING OF GaN FILMS BY ECR-ASSISTED MBE

We report on growth, doping, and characterization studies of GaN films produced by the Electron Cyclotron Resonance microwave plasma assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The films were grown heteroepitaxially on sapphire (0001), whose surface was converted into atomically smooth AIN by plasma nitridation. The GaN films were grown in two temperature steps, a process found to promote the layer-by-layer growth mode. ECR plasma conditions to grow either n-type autodoped or semi-insulating GaN film were identified. The structure and microstructure as well as the electrical properties of these two classes of films are discussed. A systematic dependence between electron mobility and net carrier concentration was found, which predicts that the mobility of GaN with a net carrier concentration of 10 14 cm- 3 is about 10 4 cm 2 /V-S. The insulating films were intentionally doped either p-type or n-type by incorporation of Mg or Si during film growth. Hole or electron concentrations at 300K between 1018 - 10 19 cm- 3 have been obtained without requiring any post-growth treatment.
Pair Programming for Teaching Mobile Development (Abstract Only)

Pair Programming is an agile practice that has numerous studies showing its benefits for education. The emergence of mobile software design education raises questions about the effectiveness of Pair Programming in this evolving field. Developing for mobile is different than regular desktop/web development in three major areas: having more than one screen to work on (i.e. computer screen and mobile device screen), connectivity issues (dealing with Bluetooth, GPS and location data, smart watches, and sensors), and User Experience (UX) issues. Our research probes unique challenges for Pair Programming when used in mobile software design classes, focusing on five mobile design topics: dealing with interface and data managements (as in fragments), using camera, handling multi-device connectivity, using sensors and collecting GPS data, and using microphones and speakers. The study highlights successes and challenges for Pair Programming for mobile applications, with the objective of providing a set of recommendations for instructors considering using Pair Programming in their mobile development classes.
Variational method for nonconservative field theories: Formulation and two PT -symmetric case examples

In a recent publication [Galley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 174301 (2013)], Galley proposed an initial value problem formulation of Hamilton's principle that enables consideration of dissipative systems. Here we explore this formulation at the level of field theories with infinite degrees of freedom. In particular, we illustrate that it affords a previously unwarranted and appealing as well as broadly relevant possibility, namely, to generalize the popular collective coordinate or variational method to open systems, i.e., nonconservative ones. To showcase the relevance or validity of the method we explore two case examples from the timely area of $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric variants of field theories, in this case for a sine-Gordon and for a ${\ensuremath{\phi}}^{4}$ model.
Cholinergic modulation of memory in the basolateral amygdala involves activation of both m1 and m2 receptors

Muscarinic cholinergic activation is a critical component of basolateral amygdala (BLA)-mediated modulation of memory consolidation. The receptor(s) mediating this activation during consolidation have not been elucidated. This study investigated the roles of muscarinic subtype 1 (m1) and subtype 2 (m2) receptors in memory enhancement, by post-training intra-BLA infusions of the non-selective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine. Rats received intra-BLA infusions of either oxotremorine alone (10 microg in 0.2 microl per side), oxotremorine together with the selective m1 antagonist telenzipine (1.7, 5.0, 17 or 50 nmol/side), oxotremorine with the selective m2 antagonist methoctramine (1.7, 5.0, 17 or 50 nmol/side), oxotremorine with a combination of the above doses of telenzipine and methoctramine, or only vehicle, immediately after inhibitory avoidance training. Performance on a 48-hour retention test was significantly enhanced in oxotremorine-treated rats relative to vehicle-infused controls. Intra-BLA co-infusion of oxotremorine with either telenzipine (5, 17 or 50 nmol/side) or methoctramine (17 or 50 nmol/side) blocked the oxotremorine-induced enhancement. Combinations of these antagonists did not act additively to block memory enhancement by oxotremorine. These findings indicate that modulation of memory consolidation induced by cholinergic influences within the BLA requires activation of both m1 and m2 receptor synapses. Plausible mechanisms for m1- and m2-mediated influences on BLA circuitry are discussed.
Emergency medical services for the Olympic Games—are we ready now?

There would be mass athletes,officers,tourists and spectators pouring into Beijing within Olympics game period.That is a challenge for Beijing emergency medical service system.How to deal with it is a task what we have to com- plete.In the article,we reviewed some experiences about emergency medical service of mass gathering in domestic and over- seas.Hope that would provide a useful reference for Olympics game preparedness'project in Beijing.
Establishing HACCP for carbonated drinks in glass bottles

The food safety system was established according to CAC's HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) principles. Hazard analysis was undertaken on each process and monitoring measures implemented based on the production practice and experience to put the theory of HACCP into effect for carbonated drinks in glass bottles from production to warehousing.
Geodesically complete metrics and boundary non-locality in holography: Consequences for the entanglement entropy

We show explicitly that the full structure of IIB string theory is needed to remove the nonlocalities that arise in boundary conformal theories that border hyperbolic spaces on ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}$. Specifically, using the Caffarelli/Silvestri [1], Graham/Zworski [2], and Chang/Gonzalez [3] extension theorems, we prove that the boundary operator conjugate to bulk p-forms with negative mass in geodesically complete metrics is inherently a nonlocal operator, specifically the fractional conformal Laplacian. The nonlocality, which arises even in compact spaces, applies to any degree p-form such as a gauge field. We show that the boundary theory contains fractional derivatives of the longitudinal components of the gauge field if the gauge field in the bulk along the holographic direction acquires a mass via the Higgs mechanism. The nonlocality is shown to vanish once the metric becomes incomplete, for example, either (1) asymptotically by adding N transversely stacked Dd-branes or (2) exactly by giving the boundary a brane structure and including a single transverse Dd-brane in the bulk. The original Maldacena conjecture within IIB string theory corresponds to the former. In either of these proposals, the location of the Dd-branes places an upper bound on the entanglement entropy because the minimal bulk surface in the AdS reduction is ill-defined at a brane interface. Since the brane singularities can be circumvented in the full 10-dimensional spacetime, we conjecture that the true entanglement entropy must be computed from the minimal surface in 10-dimensions, which is of course not minimal in the ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}$ reduction.
Seemingly Unrelated Euler Equations

Macroeconomic equations, including the consumption Euler equation and New Keynesian Phillips curve, are regularly estimated on an individual basis. However, such relations also jointly determine equilibrium. This paper establishes that individual macroeconomic equations are only seemingly unrelated from equilibrium, and proposes a joint GMM estimator. This estimator uniquely addresses concerns of identification, misspecification, and indeterminacy inherent to dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. Not only does it exhibit smaller asymptotic variance than equation-by-equation GMM, it also does not similarly suffer from weak identification. In U.S. historical data, standard errors for the intertemporal elasticity of substitution are multiples smaller. The otherwise insignificant slope of the Phillips curve with respect to marginal costs becomes significantly positive, consistent with theory.
The Impact of High Resolution UV Imaging on Stellar Astrophysics

The advent of ESA’s Paint Object Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope has revolutionized UV observations of the Universe. Its high sensitivity in the UV between 1200 and 3000 Angstroms coupled to the unprecedented spatial resolution of 60–70 milliarcseconds has revealed exciting and fundamental new astro-physical phenomena occurring in a wide variety of stellar systems. These include dense and heretofore unpenetrable clusters, cataclysmic variables, X-ray sources, novae and symbiotic stars. In this paper, I review some of the most important results to date with emphasis on the unique contribution UV imaging can make to our understanding of stellar processes and dynamics. I also describe the enormous improvement of such capabilities that will be possible with the FOC after the COSTAR fix on the next shuttle servicing mission. (See also Plate 7)
Problems Concerning the Implementation of Energy Policies

The theme of this paper is the role of governments in energy markets — how that role should be chosen, how it should be exercised, and the difficulties which have to be overcome.
Graphite Intercalated with Potassium and Ammonia—A Metal-Ammonia Solution in Two Dimensions

Several decades ago Rudoff and his coworkers [1] showed that graphite could be readily intercalated by metal-ammonia solutions (M-NH3 where M = alkali metals, rare earth metals, etc.) if the host material was directly immersed into the deep blue liquid. Recently, we have shown using highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) host material that distinctly different M-NH3 graphite intercalation compounds (GIC’s) are obtained when for instance an alkali binary GIC such as KC24 is exposed to NH3 vapor [2]. In the limited space of this brief report we will discuss the novel features of the room temperature absorption isotherm of K(NH3)xC24, and its implications for the two-dimensional character of the K-NH3 layer in the GIC. We will also present in-plane diffuse x-ray scattering results of the saturated (at PNH 3 ≅ 10 atm) compound K(NH3)4.33C24. These results also support the 2-D nature of the intercalated metal-ammonia solution.
Framing Francis: The Adaptation of Prayer-Poems in Francesco, giullare di Dio

This article examines the deployment of prayer-poems in Roberto Rossellini's tenth film, Francesco, giullare di Dio (1950), which was commissioned to inaugurate a season of Catholic neorealism. It engages the critical reception of the film, which has tended to focus the adaptation of narrative sources, such as I Fioretti, to the exclusion of other literary and iconographic intertexts. By expanding the source genres and traditions to include those of prayer-poems and their recitation, my analysis forces a reconsideration of the way in which Rossellini's film refashions its literary forebears.
CHAPTER 6 – Multiple Decision Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Monotone multiple decision problems. Multiple decision problems are defined as those decision problems in which the space of actions of the statistician consists of a finite number of points. There are two distinct types of multiple-decision problem that seem to arise in practice. In one type, the parameter space is partitioned into subsets according to the increasing value of a single real parameter. The other type arises when the actions have symmetric effects. For multiple decision problems, a nonrandomized decision rule may be represented by a measurable partition of the sample space. Monotone multiple decision problems are a generalization of the one-sided hypothesis-testing problems. If the distribution of the random observable has monotone likelihood ratio, the class of monotone decision rules is complete for a monotone multiple decision problem. The features involved in treating nonmonotone multiple decision problems may be illustrated by considering a class of problems called classification problems. The chapter discusses the Bayes rules in multiple decision problems.
Enhancing glycan isomer separations with metal ions and positive and negative polarity ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry analyses

Glycomics has become an increasingly important field of research since glycans play critical roles in biology processes ranging from molecular recognition and signaling to cellular communication. Glycans often conjugate with other biomolecules, such as proteins and lipids, and alter their properties and functions, so glycan characterization is essential for understanding the effects they have on cellular systems. However, the analysis of glycans is extremely difficult due to their complexity and structural diversity (i.e., the number and identity of monomer units, and configuration of their glycosidic linkages and connectivities). In this work, we coupled ion mobility spectrometry with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) to characterize glycan standards and biologically important isomers of synthetic αGal-containing O-glycans including glycotopes of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the causative agent of Chagas disease. IMS-MS results showed significant differences for the glycan structural isomers when analyzed in positive and negative polarity and complexed with different metal cations. These results suggest that specific metal ions or ion polarities could be used to target and baseline separate glycan isomers of interest with IMS-MS.
Automatic grasp selection using a camera in a hand prosthesis

In this paper, we demonstrate how automatic grasp selection can be achieved by placing a camera in the palm of a prosthetic hand and training a convolutional neural network on images of objects with corresponding grasp labels. Our labeled dataset is built from common graspable objects curated from the ImageNet dataset and from images captured from our own camera that is placed in the hand. We achieve a grasp classification accuracy of 93.2% and show through realtime grasp selection that using a camera to augment current electromyography controlled prosthetic hands may be useful.
Towards phase pure kesterite CZTS films via Cu-Zn-Sn electrodeposition followed by sulfurization

Abstract Electrodeposition of Cu-Zn-Sn alloy precursors followed by sulfurization has been utilized to form phase pure CZTS absorber layers for photovoltaic applications. In this study, we have varied the deposition potential in order to grow Cu-Zn-Sn metallic precursor layers with a fixed Cu fraction while varying the Zn/Sn ratio within the ideal composition range to obtain high quality CZTS films. The phase purity and crystal quality of CZTS films were investigated as a function of Zn/Sn ratio. Phase purity and photoelectrochemical response are both enhanced with increasing Zn/Sn ratio after sulfurization at 500 °C or 550 °C. The highest photoelectrochemical response at a liquid junction is 0.99 mA/cm2 for CZTS layer with Zn/Sn = 0.98 after sulfurization at 550 °C. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the enhanced photoresponse is correlated to a high crystallinity together with improved phase purity.
New epoxy resin tapes

When new materials are introduced into an established insulating system it is important to consider the effects of the new insulation system on the other insulating materials in the system. Gaseous by-products and liquid exudates from one unstable component may degrade the entire system. For this reason epoxy resin systems have been developed which are compatible with conventional wire enamels, with most encapsulating resins, and with oleoresinous varnish impregnants.
A Phase II Study of Velcade (V), Doxil (D) in Combination with Low-Dose Thalidomide (T) as Salvage Therapy for Patients (pts) with Relapsed (rel) or Refractory (ref) Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Waldenstorm Macroglobulinemia (WM): Encouraging Preliminary Results.

In MM, tumor microenvironment (ME) plays an important role in disease progression, dissemination, and development of resistance to therapy. Pts with rel/ref MM have limited treatment options. Therefore, targeting the ME simultaneously with malignant cells may be an effective way to overcome resistance in pts with rel/ref MM. Orlowski et al recently reported synergistic activity of V+D in patients with hematologic malignancies. A phase II trial initiated at our institute is exploring this approach, targeting the MM cell as well as its ME, using a combination of Velcade (V), Doxil (D) and low-dose thalidomide (T) as salvage therapy for pts with rel/ref MM. Pts with rel/ref disease are eligible for this study. V is given at 1.3mg/m2 (D1,4,15,18) and D at 20mg/m2 (D1,15) every 4 weeks with daily T (200 mg) for 4–6 cycles. SWOG criterion was used to evaluate response. Low-dose coumadin (1–2 mg po qd) was used for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Eighteen pts (7M, 11F; median age 56, range 44–80 yrs; 16MM, 2 WM) have been enrolled to date. All pts had Stage III disease, median b2M of 4.8 (nl range: 0–2.15) and median prior therapies 2 (range 1–7). Prior therapies included stem cell transplant in (46%), T (54%), adriamycin(A) (70%) and steroids (92%). Thirteen pts have completed at least 1 cyc and are available for toxicity and response evaluation. One pt died of sepsis prior to completing 1 cyc and 1 pt with PR was taken of study for non-compliance after 1 cyc. ORR was 100% (13/13) with 5PR and 8MR. All pts are currently continued on therapy. Toxicity: 2 pts developed Gr. II plantar-palmar erythrodysthesia (PPE) and 1 had Gr. III cellulitis. No VTE was noted. VDT is a highly active salvage regimen in pts with rel/refr MM. Responses were noted despite prior failure of steroids, T or A. It is well tolerated without any significant non-hematologic Gr. III/IV toxicity. VTE does not appear to be a problem. Updated results of this first cohort of pts will be presented at the annual ASH meeting.
Organizing and Reorganizing Coordination Patterns

Understanding how the nervous system learns to coordinate the large number of degrees of freedom in the body to produce goal-directed movement is not only one of the central questions in theoretical movement neuroscience, but also has direct relevance for movement rehabilitation. In spite of the centrality of this issue, the literature on how a new coordination pattern is acquired and refined when first learning a novel task remains surprisingly small relative to studies that focus on modifications of already well-learned coordination patterns. In this chapter, we outline some of the reasons behind why the study of coordination continues to pose a serious challenge for movement neuroscience, particularly when it comes to systematically studying and testing hypotheses on how new coordination patterns are organized and reorganized with practice. We then describe a novel experimental paradigm—the body–machine interface (BoMI)—that has been developed and used over the last decade to examine this issue. The paradigm combines the control of a large number of degrees of freedom along with a linear mapping, which makes it appealing to examine how coordination of these high degrees of freedom is organized in a systematic fashion. Finally, we outline some of the new insights that this paradigm has provided into classic issues of motor learning such as the learning of high-dimensional spaces, generalization, and transfer.
WASP: Workload Adaptive Energy-Latency Optimization in Server Farms Using Server Low-Power States

With the growing energy demands from server farms, it becomes necessary to understand the tradeoffs between energy consumption and application performance. Typically, server farms are provisioned for peak load even when they are mostly operating at low utilization levels. This results in wasteful energy consumption. At the same time, application workloads have Quality of Service (QoS) constraints that need to be satisfied. Optimizing server farm energy consumption with QoS constraints is a challenging task since the workload can have variabilities in job sizes, job arrival patterns and system utilization levels. In this paper, we present WASP, where we explore techniques that make smart use of the processor and system low-power states, and orchestrate their use with workload adaptivity for more effective energy management. We perform an extensive study of Energy-Latency tradeoffs with simulations, and evaluate WASP on a testbed with a cluster of servers. Our experiments on real systems show that WASP achieves up to 57% energy reduction over a naive policy that uses a shallow processor sleep state when there are no jobs to execute, and 39% over a delay timer based approach while maintaining the 90th percentile job service latency to be under 2x job execution time.
Glioblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia: malignancies with striking similarities

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioblastoma (GB) are two malignancies associated with high incidence of treatment refractoriness and generally, uniformly poor survival outcomes. While the former is a hematologic (i.e. a “liquid”) malignancy and the latter a solid tumor, the two diseases share both clinical and biochemical characteristics. Both diseases exist predominantly in primary (de novo) forms, with only a small subset of each progressing from precursor disease states like the myelodysplastic syndromes or diffuse glioma. More importantly, the primary and secondary forms of each disease are characterized by common sets of mutations and gene expression abnormalities. The primary versions of AML and GB are characterized by aberrant RAS pathway, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and Bcl-2 expression, and their secondary counterparts share abnormalities in TP53, isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATRX, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and survivin that both influence the course of the diseases themselves and their progression from precursor disease. An understanding of these shared features is important, as it can be used to guide both the research about and treatment of each.
Stressful life events in early life and leukocyte telomere length in adulthood

Abstract Background Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) in early life is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality from age-related chronic disease. In this study, we considered whether these general patterns extend to leukocyte telomere length (TL), an indicator of cellular aging. We also explored potential subgroup variations by race and age. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (2011–2014), a probability sample of 1108 adults (558 blacks and 550 whites) ages 22–69, we tested whether SLEs experienced in early life were associated with shorter telomeres in adulthood. Leukocyte TL was measured using the monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction method with albumin as the single-copy reference sequence. An index of 32 potentially traumatic events experienced before the age of 18 was employed. An abbreviated index of seven events that are frequently used in telomere research was also employed. Results The complete SLEs index was unrelated to TL in the full sample (b = −0.003; p = 0.058) and for blacks (b = −0.003; p = 0.28), whites (b = −0.004; p = 0.18), and adults aged 45 or older (b = 0.001; p = 0.68). The complete SLEs index was inversely associated with telomere length (b = −0.007; p = 0.002) for those adults under the age of 45. Each additional SLE experienced before the age of 18 was associated with a reduction in TL equivalent to one additional year of age. The association between the complete SLEs index and TL for those under the age of 45 was statistically different from those aged 45 or older (t = 2.02; p = 0.04). In no case, was the abbreviated SLEs index related to TL. Conclusion This study confirms that the long-term health consequences of SLEs in early life can extend to shorter leukocyte telomeres in adults aged 22–44, but not adults aged 45–69. Our analyses also showed that the association between SLEs and TL is sensitive to the precise measurement of SLEs. We discuss the substantive and methodological implications of our findings for research on SLEs and cellular aging.
SWOT Analysis of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Rural Society: A study conducted in the Ganjam District of Odisha

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) play vital role in the process of development. It generates employment at low cost and helps the society to move on the path of prosperity & growth. As more than 65% of Indians live in villages and as there is little scope for establishment of Large-scale industries in these areas, MSME is an important aspect with regard to development of rural areas. The State of Odisha is one of the states of India filled with heavenly natural resources. The irony is that despite of being rich in natural resources particularly in rural areas, it is still one of the backward states in industrialization. Even though the State has huge potential for industrialization, especially for MSME sector, its potential has not been fully harnessed so far. Thus the present paper is an attempt towards finding out the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of MSMEs in Rural Society of Odisha. The study is conducted in the District of Ganjam, which is one of the coastal districts of the state. At the end, some suggestions by which the challenges of threats can be reduced are recommended.
THE ROAD LESS TRAVELLED: EXERCISE-INDUCED ISCHEMIA IN AN ATHLETIC FEMALE WITH ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus (ARCAOS) is rare and potentially fatal. Presentation varies from asymptomatic to syncope, myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). A 65-year old athletic female with a history of anxiety arrived to the ED with
Has the Time Come to Be More Aggressive With Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure

Obesity is a strong risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). Diet, exercise, and weight-loss pharmacotherapies have limited potential to achieve significant and sustainable weight loss, especially in patients with symptomatic systolic HF. This review seeks to determine the role of bariatric surgery for patients with systolic HF and obesity. Bariatric surgeries such as the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) represent the most successful long-term strategy for achieving weight loss and diabetes and hypertension remission in the general obese population. These benefits translate to reductions in cardiovascular events and mortality, as well as improvements in myocardial structure and function. There is also now data supporting the safety of LSG or RYGB in patients with systolic dysfunction and a reduction in HF admissions post-operatively. Current literature and clinical experience suggest that the most appropriate bariatric surgery candidates with HF are patients aged < 50–60 years, with severely depressed systolic function and NYHA II-III symptoms, who have failed non-surgical strategies and have a high likelihood of future cardiac transplantation candidacy after weight loss. This review seeks to determine the role of bariatric surgery for patients with systolic HF and obesity.
Let’s give them something to talk about: Global brands’ use of visual content to drive engagement and build relationships

Abstract This longitudinal content analysis of 1,393 Facebook posts made by the top 100 brands provides empirical evidence that leveraging visual communication is not enough for brands to solicit engagement. As brands adapt and adjust their Facebook visual content strategy to capture the attention of their publics in crowded News Feeds, they also need to employ text-based engagement strategies that get users to engage and interact with brand content. Once users start interacting with brand content, it is more likely that other users will engage with the content as well, igniting a conversation. The combination of brand posts with visuals and text-based messages gives brand publics something to talk about and ultimately can lead to stronger relationships.
Sire X environment interactions in beef cattle weaning weight field data.

Weaning weight field records, supplied by the American Polled Hereford Association, were used to examine sire X environment interactions. Sire X herd/region and sire X contemporary group/herd interactions were evaluated from a data set containing 19,503 records. Sire X region interaction was evaluated from a data set containing 8,659 records. The genetic correlations of sire progeny performance across contemporary groups/herd were .59 and .37 across herds and contemporary groups/region. The average genetic correlation of sire progeny performance across regions was .64. Heritability of weaning weight was .11 across regions, .17 within region and .28 within herd. Mixed-model sire analyses of Polled Hereford weaning weight field records should include sire X herd/region and sire X contemporary group/herd random effects to reduce the sire X environment effects particular to any herd or contemporary group, and to account for the distribution of sire progeny across herds and contemporary groups in the estimation of prediction error variance. It may be necessary to perform separate sire analyses for some regions to evaluate the breeding values of sires in regions where rank changes are likely to occur.
CH Bond Functionalization Strategies for Modification of Nucleosides

Abstract This chapter covers advances in the functionalization of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides by direct C H bond activation. Although the review mainly focuses on strategies developed for direct functionalization of C H bonds within the frame of purine and pyrimidine rings, it also covers methods for N1 purinyl-directed ortho functionalization of 6- N -substituted adenine and 6-substituted purine nucleosides. Strategies for functionalization have been divided into a few major categories based on the (i) position of functionalization (e.g., C-8 vs C-6 vs C2 in purines or C-6 vs C-5 in pyrimidines), and (ii) type of substrates which are coupled to nucleobases (e.g., aryl- or alkenyl halides, alkenes or amines). The scope and efficiency of these coupling reactions, along with some mechanistic considerations, are discussed.
Maximizing the Probability of Arriving on Time

We study the problem of maximizing the probability of arriving on time in a stochastic network. Nodes and links in the network may be congested or uncongested, and their states change over time and are based on states of adjacent nodes. Given a source, destination, and time limit, the goal is to adaptively choose the next node to visit to maximize the probability of arriving to the destination on time. We present a dynamic programming solution to solve this problem. We also consider a variation of this problem where the traveler is allowed the option to wait at a node rather than visit the next node. For this setting, we identify properties of networks for which the optimal solution does not require revisiting nodes.
Is Solar System Stable? A Remark

It is not yet known (1997) whether the Solar system is stable or not. Common belief is that the Solar system is stable if and only if it is not a resonant system, i.e., whenever its orbital frequencies ωi satisfy an inequality |Σ niωi| ≤ e for Σi|ni| ≤ N; a similar inequality is true for randomly chosen frequencies. In this paper, we show that the Solar system does not have such resonances, and therefore (if the above-mentioned belief is correct), it is stable.
Economic Perspectives of Trademarks

Primarily, this paper examines the role of trademark in global economy, as an intellectual property the value of trademark and brand in the global marketplace, and the economic potentiality of trademarks to generate more value and surplus in the economy. This paper also discusses the contribution of the trademarks for creating brand and value of business enterprises. The article is basically conceptual and descriptive in nature. Based on the literature review, the purposes of this paper are; to assess the perceived value of a trademark and brand, to examine the trademark roles for creating brand and value and to understand the impact of trademark on economy.The article deals with trademark and its economic perspectives. This article is valuable to understand the value of trademark in marketplace. The article helps academicians and practitioner to know the concept of trademark as an intellectual property and to understand that it can be used by market economy to generate more income, value, and surplus in the economy. The economic perspective of trademark can be applicable to many segments of Nepalese business context; ranging from manufacturing to service sector and importantly for the entrepreneurship development. Finally, the article is recommending for further empirical research study to examine the impact of trademark protection system for the countries’ economic growth. The Sapta Gandaki JournalVol. IX, 2018 Feb. Page: 73-83
Fungal cauda equina lesion with delayed cord compression and treatment response.

Abstract This is a 24 year old man with profound chronic hydrocephalus found to have a cauda equina abscess composed of Candida albicans. Prior literature reveals a paucity of central nervous system candidiasis. In these previously reported cases, there was evidence of local invasion of surrounding structures; however, this case is a sentinel report of a fungal abscess without evidence of local structural invasion. The patient's course was complicated by clinical and radiographic worsening to cauda equina syndrome, requiring emergent surgical decompression, despite appropriate antifungal treatment. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge of this rare entity and the need for close follow up with this patient population.
Drinking and Thinking: Club Life and Convivial Sociability in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Edinburgh

AbstractAn intriguing historical feature of the Scottish Enlightenment is the blend of philosophical and drinking clubs to which leading thinkers such as David Hume and Adam Smith belonged. Two lea...
What Is Diverse Enough? How "Intentionally Diverse" Charter Schools Recruit and Retain Students.

School choice has the potential to be a tool for desegregation, but research suggests that choice more often exacerbates segregation than remedies it. In the past several years, hundreds of ‘intentionally diverse’ charter schools have opened across the country, potentially countering the link between charter schools and segregation. Yet, these schools raise important questions about choice, segregation, and equity. For instance: how do leaders of diverse charter schools prioritize diversity in decisions about location, marketing, and recruitment? What are the implications of these diversity efforts for equity, especially within competitive and marketized educational contexts? We explore the concrete recruiting and marketing strategies schools used to build and retain their diverse communities, drawing on qualitative data from New Orleans, LA, and Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN. We identify key strategies used by school leaders, but also note that many strategies were ad-hoc and experimental. Furthermore, we noted that school goals around “how much” diversity was sufficient were often unarticulated, making schools susceptible to external pressures that might refocus attention away from equity and diversity, or allow groups with more power to shape agendas within the school. Finally, we find that contexts of gentrification and widening economic inequities threatened schools’ efforts to recruit and maintain a diverse student body. We discuss implications for leaders of diverse charter schools and other leaders seeking to diversify their student bodies, as well as policymakers and charter authorizers.
Intercostal nerve blockade for thoracic surgery with liposomal bupivacaine: the devil is in the details

Thoracotomy and minimally invasive video thoracoscopic surgery are the top two causes of short-term and chronic pain resulting from elective surgical procedures (1). Analgesia presents a substantial challenge in day to day practice for thoracic surgeons. Posterior intercostal nerve blocks (PINB) are one of several modalities to address this, and they can be quite effective for pain control.
Lower 24-h urinary sodium excretion is associated with hypertension control: the 2010 Heart Follow-Up Study

Among individuals with hypertension, controlling high blood pressure (BP) reduces the risk for cardiovascular events and death. Reducing dietary sodium can help achieve BP control. The study aim was to use a population-based sample utilizing the gold standard for urinary sodium to quantify the degree with which sodium was independently associated with BP control among individuals with hypertension. Participants included 1568 adults from the Heart Follow-Up Study, a New York City population-based representative study conducted in 2010. Participants collected urine for 24 h and had BP and other anthropometrics measured. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on BP lowering medication. Sodium intake (mg/day) was measured from a single 24-h urine collection. Hypertension prevalence was 30.8%. Among those with hypertension, 64.6% were aware, 56.3% were treated, and 40.3% were controlled. Among those treated for hypertension, 73.0% were controlled. Mean sodium intake among those with hypertension was 3564 mg/day. From multivariable adjusted logistic regression models, each 500 mg decrease in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was associated with a 18% higher odds of hypertension control among those with hypertension (1.18, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.30). In New York City, approximately one in three people has hypertension with a majority uncontrolled. Sodium intake among those with hypertension was 55% greater than recommended upper limit of 2300 mg per day. Among individuals with hypertension, lower sodium intake was associated with hypertension control.