cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genomics: A New Challenge in Consumer Health Information Literacy

Increased information in genetics research brings a new literacy challenge to both health care consumers and professionals. Broadly defined, genomics literacy is the ability to perceive a need to locate genetic information and to apply this information in a health and medical context. This article focuses on the problem of low genomics literacy for both consumers and health care providers. Although this article does not presume to offer definite solutions, it does outline the tools and methods currently available to help increase genomics literacy at all competency levels. Finally, this article describes the roles of health science librarians as outlined by researchers.
Fatigue Crack Growth Mechanisms in High-Pressure Die-Cast Magnesium Alloys

Microstructure-affected micromechanisms of fatigue crack growth operating near the limit plasticity regime were experimentally identified for the four main commercial high-pressure die-cast (HPDC) magnesium alloys: AM50, AM60, AZ91, and AE44. These fatigue micromechanisms manifested by the concomitant effects of casting pores, interdendritic Al-rich solid solution layer, β-phase particles, Mn-rich inclusions, rare earth-rich intermetallics, dendrite cell size, and surface segregation phenomena. These concomitant mechanisms clearly delineated the fatigue durability observed for the AM50, AM60, AZ91, and AE44 Mg alloys in both the low- and high-cycle fatigue regimes.
Stakeholders' perceptions on developing sustainable Red Sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L.) wood trade in Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract Red Sanders (RS, Pterocarpus santalinus L.) is an endangered timber tree species endemic to southern India. Using stakeholders' perceptions, this study evaluates the existing restricted RS wood trade and provides insights for developing a sustainable trade policy by involving private landowners as a strategy for improving its conservation in the wild. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats–Analytic Hierarchy Process framework was used to analyze perceptions of four stakeholder groups (Administrators, Landowners, Traders, and Knowledgeable Sources). There was a consensus among the stakeholders that the challenges for sustainable RS wood trade outweigh the positive features. High price of RS wood and availability of niche international market were seen as the most important Strengths. Long gestation crop (+ 40 years), lack of Incentives, small land holdings, administrative complexities, and competition from commercial agriculture crops were identified as the main challenges. Results indicate that before proceeding with an imminent policy change, it is important to address the major challenges. These results provide a basis to prioritize and address the existing challenges and reinforce the positive features of RS wood trade. A sustainable wood trade policy formulated by incorporating stakeholders' perceptions may help in improving the conservation status of this endangered species.
Ungoverned Imaginings: James Mill's The History of British India and Orientalism

Sir William Jones Robert Southey and the oriental renaissance Thomas Moore and orientalism James Mill's "The History of British India" susceptible imaginations Mill's "History" as a "classic in the history of Philistinism".
Validation of a Measure of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Against an Objective Behavioral Criterion

This study examined the factor structure of a revised version of a measure of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and assessed its validity against an objective behavioral criterion. Ratings of employees' OCB were provided by managers of 16 restaurants in the fast service industry. The objective measure of behavior was whether or not employees returned an attitude survey. Factor analysis suggested that the revised OCB instrument adequately assesses two dimensions of OCB: altruism and conscientiousness. Further, as expected, survey respondents had higher mean levels of OCB than did nonrespondents. The results suggest that managers can perceive and assess subtle components of job performance with reasonable accuracy.
Forty years on: Anti‐naturalism, and problems of social experiment and piecemeal social reform

In The Poverty of Historicism, Karl Popper attacked a number of anti‐naturalistic doctrines while advocating a program of piecemeal social reform. However, recent work in social science, and especially in the evaluation of social programs and social reforms, has exposed difficulties that have led many scientists to fall back on one or other of these same anti‐naturalistic positions. It is suggested that Popper's strategy for dealing with anti‐naturalism is no longer efficacious, although the difficulties in contemporary social science do not warrant the abandonment of naturalism.
Insights on foam generation in porous media from pore-network studies

We report an extensive pore-network study that incorporates pore-level mechanisms, as foam is created by drainage or the continuous injection of gas and liquid in porous media. Pore networks with up to 10,000 pores are considered, with rules for the formation and movement of foam lamellae by the mechanisms of snap-off, leave-behind and lamella division enforced throughout. The study explores the roles of these mechanisms, and by implication, the appropriate form of the foam-generation function for mechanistic foam simulation. Results are compared with previous studies. In particular, they reconcile an apparent contradiction in the foam-generation model of Rossen and Gauglitz [W.R. Rossen, P.A. Gauglitz, Percolation theory of creation and mobilization of foam in porous media, AIChE J. 36 (1990) 1176], and identify how foam is created near the inlet of the porous medium when lamella division controls foam generation. In the process, we identify a new mechanism of snap-off and foam generation near the inlet of the medium.
Congenital Expression of Prolidase Defect in Prolidase Deficiency

Newborn blood from three siblings with prolidase deficiency contained no detectable prolidase activity. Umbilical cord blood contained no prolidase activity in one sibling and only 6.8% of control activity in another sibling. In prolidase deficiency the enzyme defect is expressed at birth, well before the appearance of skin ulcers, and is demonstrable in filter paper specimens of blood obtained for routine screening.
Electrocardiographic and radiographic heart changes in women at high altitude.

Abstract Electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic and radiographic cardiac changes are described in 8 young women during 10 weeks of residence at high altitude (14,110ft.). The changes in electrical activity were similar in type to those reported in natives of high altitude and also to those in male subjects previously observed at this altitude. Prominent findings at altitude included increased heart rate, a rightward shift in ÂQRS and increased spatial vector magnitude of terminal QRS force (S vector). Minor changes were observed in P wave contour, T wave voltage and contour and in QRS amplitude. A slight reduction in frontal radiographic heart size was also noted; however, lateral views suggested that the over-all size of the heart was probably unchanged during the stay at altitude. Some comments on the probable etiology and significance of the observed changes are given.
Atomic arrangements in titanium-molybdenum solid solutions

Abstract The short range order and size effect coefficients as well as the thermal and static atomic displacements have been measured in b.c.c. solid solutions of titanium—molybdenum using X-ray diffraction techniques. These solutions exhibit a strong preference for unlike near-neighbors even though a superlattice was not found. The size effect coefficients for the first shell of atoms were negative, indicating that the molybdenum atoms were smaller than the titanium atoms in solution. Center-to-center distances between the different pairs of nearest neighbor atoms were calculated from the size effect coefficients and the lattice parameters. Ti-Ti and Mo-Mo distances tended to approach the average distance in the solution at compositions between 20 and 50 at.% molybdenum. At 75 per cent molybdenum the Mo-Mo distance was smaller than in pure molybdenum and this was taken to indicate an electron exchange in the solution.
Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting for early prostate cancer: finally, an answer

Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting for early prostate cancer: finally, an answer
Victim or Player: Pediatric Surgeons Deal With Quality Improvement and the Information Age

Medicine as a profession is changing from a cottage industry to an information industry. Physicians and surgeons historically have measured quality of care in a retrospective fashion, reviewing complications in peer review forums, in morning report, or in regular morbidity and mortality conferences. Increasing pressure is placed on hospital systems and clinicians to show measurable improvements in outcomes of care and to remove waste. The retrospective system of quality assurance is being replaced by a prospective measurement of care processes called quality improvement (QI). The measurements are returned to clinicians to enable them to understand and manage the processes and improve patient care. QI has made dramatic improvements in several other industries, including aviation and communications. QI tools are intuitive to most physicians, are easily transferable to medicine, and can be used to remove waste and improve patient care, education, and management of resources. As demand increases for improved quality of care, pediatric surgeons can play a leadership role or have quality changes imposed on them without representation.
Mectizan donation program: Evaluation of a public-private partnership

The Mectizan Donation Program (MDP) has been perceived as a highly effective public health programme, and as a possible model for addressing future problems in international health. This evaluation examines how the MDP partnership has been functioning from the perspectives of partner organizations. The results of a survey of 25 partners show that the perceived benefits far outweigh the problems, and that the direct costs to the organizations have been minimal. The partnership is rated highly on many aspects of governance and management, with relatively few problems identified. A factor analysis demonstrated that a wide range of factors have influenced the partners' perceptions. The benefits with the largest weights appear to be those related to external perceptions of the organization, and those indicating that the organization feels that its opinions will matter and lead to action in the partnership. The biggest factors influencing the positive perceptions on the governance and management of the MDP partnership appear to be the involvement of senior leaders from different organizations, and being able to agree on priorities. The MDP has been able to involve a large and heterogeneous number of partner organizations through relatively informal mechanisms that rely on goodwill and reciprocity. The survey results show how there was a strong alignment of the MDP with the interests of the various partners, and that a manageable number of problems were addressed and services provided. While having long-term goals, the MDP and the onchocerciasis control programmes have been effective at demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach through regular, professional, and outcome-oriented evaluations. Although the MDP is considered to be central to concerns of national officials, this feature is not rated as high as public perceptions, the internal characteristics of the partnership, or its accomplishments. Similarly, the need to secure resources is not viewed as a major determinant of the partnership's success, perhaps because resources were readily available through Merck and the partner organizations and programmes. These findings, along with the strategic and operational success of the MDP confirm the view that this type of public-private partnership should be pursued vigorously in other areas of public health. Other potential partnerships would do well to examine the characteristics of the MDP partnership, with careful attention to the features of its governance and the management, including a strong alignment of interests with partners, balancing a long-term vision with clarity of roles and intensive management of coordination, and professional and results-oriented accountability.
Enhanced IL10 Production In Early Pregnancy Placental Tissue Correlates With Down Modulation Of Fetus Ablating Cytokines (CYTs) In Human Pregnancy (Preg.)♦ 1280

Recent studies have implicated T helper type 1 CYTs (TH1) including IFNg, TNFa & IL2 in imparting deleterious effect on the conceptus by promoting cell mediated immune response. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the placenta(PL) in early preg.(EP) protects itself by producing counteracting TH2 type CYTs including IL4, IL6 & IL 10 which down regulate harmful THl CYTs. We used enzyme immunoassay to study CYT production from PL culture, stimulated maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs, from both EP (8-12 wks) and late preg.(LP) before onset of labor(38-40 wks) and from stimulated PMBCs of healthy, non-preg women as a control group. Results are expressed as concentration (pg/ml) of CYTs from the supernatant culture media and presented as Mean±SE. (· EP vs non-preg * LP vs non-preg) Table
The Effect of Timing on Jump Bidding in Ascending Auctions

We investigate the role of timing in ascending auctions under the premise that time is a valuable resource. Traditional models of the English auction ignore timing issues by assuming that the auction occurs instantaneously. However, when auctions are slow, as Internet auctions used for procurement often are, there are significant opportunity or monitoring costs to bidders, and the choice of the size of the jump bid becomes a strategic decision. We study the choice in the experimental laboratory by systematically varying the opportunity costs associated with fast bidding. When time is more valuable bidders respond by choosing larger jump bids. Surprisingly, the economic performance of the auction is not significantly affected. We develop a simple model of ascending auctions with impatient bidders that provides insights into the effect jump bids have on auction performance.
Accurate and Flexible Simulation for Dynamic, Vision-Centric Robots

As robots become more complex by incorporating dynamic stability or greater mechanical degrees of freedom, the difficulty of developing control algorithms directly on the robot increases. This is especially true for large or expensive robots, where damage is costly, or where communication bandwidth limits in-depth debugging. One effective solution to this problem is the use of a flexible, physically-accurate simulation environment which allows for experimentation with the physical composition and control systems of one or more robots in a controlled virtual setting. While many robot simulation environments are available today, we find that achieving accurate simulation of complex, vision-centric platforms such as the Segway RMP or Sony AIBO requires accurate modeling of latency and robust synchronization. Building on our previous work, we present an open-source simulation framework, UberSim, and demonstrate its ability to simulate vision-centric, balancing robots in a realistic fashion. The focus of this simulation environment is on accurate simulation with high-frequency control loops and flexible configuration of robot structure and parameters via a client-side definition language.
Large file transmissions over high delay data communication channels using tcp

1 0-7803-7651-X/03/$17.00 © 2003 IEEE 2 IEEEAC paper #1177, Updated December 9, 2002 Abstract—Rural and remote areas with modern communications require very high bandwidth resources that may take decades to appear. Satellites provide the natural choice for communication in both areas. However, there are problems if the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), as required for Internet access, is used as the transport layer protocol. The best performance over a satellite link occurs when large packet sizes and large window numbers are employed. This indicates that TCP protocol modification, such that the satellite link transmits long segments, is the most efficient use of satellite resources.
NOx Adsorber Desulfation Techniques for Heavy-Duty On-Highway Diesel Engines

A 5.9 liter medium-heavy-duty diesel engine, equipped with a diesel exhaust emission control system consisting of catalyzed diesel particulate filters (CDPF) and NOx adsorber catalysts arranged in a dual-path configuration, was evaluated with the goal of developing desulfation strategies for in-use NOx adsorber desulfation. NOx adsorber desulfation was accomplished by providing reductant via a secondary exhaust fuel injection system and exhaust flow via an exhaust bypass valve. An alternating restriction of the exhaust flow between the two flow paths allowed reductant injection and adsorber desulfation to occur under very low space velocity conditions. An exhaust bypass valve connecting the dual path configuration upstream of the catalyzed diesel particulate filters allowed controlled addition of exhaust into the desulfating pathway for desulfation method development. Exotherms from the oxidation of reductant on the CDPF, and subsequent convective heat transfer from the CDPF to the NOx adsorbers generated adsorber catalyst temperatures in excess of 750°C. The control of space velocity through the desulfating pathway minimized cooling, allowing the temperature to be held in the target desulfation temperature range for prolonged periods of time. Sulfur release in the form of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide was measured using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer.
Targeting RAS Membrane Association: Back to the Future for Anti-RAS Drug Discovery?

RAS proteins require membrane association for their biologic activity, making this association a logical target for anti-RAS therapeutics. Lipid modification of RAS proteins by a farnesyl isoprenoid is an obligate step in that association, and is an enzymatic process. Accordingly, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) were developed as potential anti-RAS drugs. The lack of efficacy of FTIs as anticancer drugs was widely seen as indicating that blocking RAS membrane association was a flawed approach to cancer treatment. However, a deeper understanding of RAS modification and trafficking has revealed that this was an erroneous conclusion. In the presence of FTIs, KRAS and NRAS, which are the RAS isoforms most frequently mutated in cancer, become substrates for alternative modification, can still associate with membranes, and can still function. Thus, FTIs failed not because blocking RAS membrane association is an ineffective approach, but because FTIs failed to accomplish that task. Recent findings regarding RAS isoform trafficking and the regulation of RAS subcellular localization have rekindled interest in efforts to target these processes. In particular, improved understanding of the palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle that regulates RAS interaction with the plasma membrane, endomembranes, and cytosol, and of the potential importance of RAS chaperones, have led to new approaches. Efforts to validate and target other enzymatically regulated posttranslational modifications are also ongoing. In this review, we revisit lessons learned, describe the current state of the art, and highlight challenging but promising directions to achieve the goal of disrupting RAS membrane association and subcellular localization for anti-RAS drug development. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1819–27. ©2015 AACR . See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers.”
Leg strength as a function of exposure to visual stimuli of different hues

Although the magnitude of effect was small, quadriceps femoris extension strength was found to be significantly (p <.001) greater for 60 male subjects when they stared at a blue card than when they stared at a pink card. Hypothesized kinesiological effects of color are thus further indicated.
Magnesium sulfate tocolysis and pulmonary edema: the drug or the vehicle?

Objectives This study was undertaken to determine the: (1) risk factors for developing pulmonary edema associated with magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) tocolysis; (2) mean latency period to diagnosis; (3) role of maternal transport; and (4) safety of continued therapy. Study design A total of 150 antenatal patients treated for preterm labor with MgSO 4 were identified for this retrospective, case-control study. Cases were compared 1:2 with controls in regard to maternal demographics, MgSO 4 concentration and infusion rates, maternal transport status, and maternal net fluid balance. Results Risk factors for developing pulmonary edema include: greater MgSO 4 and intravenous fluid infusion rates, less concentrated MgSO 4 , infection, multiple gestations, concomitant tocolytics, large positive net fluid balances, and maternal transport. The mean latency period to diagnosis was 1.96 days. Six percent of patients had recurrence if MgSO 4 tocolysis was continued. Conclusions MgSO 4 and intravenous fluid rates are both associated with the development of pulmonary edema. Once appropriately treated, MgSO 4 tocolysis can be continued with little risk of recurrence.
C-Myc overexpression drives aerobic glycolysis independent of anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylase expression in non small cell lung cancer

INTRODUCTION: Enhanced aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg Effect, is a widely known metabolic dysfunction of many cancer types. Using stable isotope resolved metabolomics, we previously described an additional metabolic alteration in malignancy, activation of pyruvate carboxylation (PC). The mechanism of PC upregulation in lung cancer is unknown. C-myc, a protooncoprotein that upregulates multiple metabolic processes including glycolysis, has been reported to be over-expressed in 50% of non small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). To this end, we explored c-myc expression in NSCLC and its relation to PC expression and clinical tumor phenotype.
Divergent Effects of Beliefs in Heaven and Hell on National Crime Rates

Though religion has been shown to have generally positive effects on normative ‘prosocial’ behavior, recent laboratory research suggests that these effects may be driven primarily by supernatural punishment. Supernatural benevolence, on the other hand, may actually be associated with less prosocial behavior. Here, we investigate these effects at the societal level, showing that the proportion of people who believe in hell negatively predicts national crime rates whereas belief in heaven predicts higher crime rates. These effects remain after accounting for a host of covariates, and ultimately prove stronger predictors of national crime rates than economic variables such as GDP and income inequality. Expanding on laboratory research on religious prosociality, this is the first study to tie religious beliefs to large-scale cross-national trends in pro- and anti-social behavior.
Tailoring of the power spectral density of ultrawideband RF and microwave signals

We demonstrate that chirped RF waveforms, synthesized via optical frequency-to-time and optical-to-electrical conversion, lead to increases in RF energy of up to 10/spl times/ and RF power spectral density up to 10 dB as compared to ultrawideband impulses.
Acinetobacter baumanii line-associated infection

Intravenous (IV)-line–associated infections are one of the most common nosocomial infections, especially in the intensive care setting. IVline–associated infections are important not only medically but also economically, resulting in extra days of hospitalization and significant morbidity and mortality. These infections most often result from skin organisms, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and selected aerobic gram-negative bacilli.1 Although it can occasionally cause nosocomial infection, Acinetobacter baumanii is a rare cause of IV-line–associated infection. We present a case of a patient who had A baumanii IVline–related sepsis.
Duration and spectral based stress token generation for HMM speech recognition under stress

In this paper, we address the problem of isolated word recognition of speech under various stressed speaking conditions. The main objective is to formulate an alternate training algorithm for hidden Markov model recognition, which better characterizes actual speech production under stressed speaking styles such as slow, loud and Lombard (1911) effect. Without the need for collecting such stressed speech data. The novel approach is to first construct a previously suggested source generator model of word production employing knowledge of the statistical nature of duration and spectral variation of speech under stress. This is used in turn to produce simulated stressed speech training tokens from neutral tokens, and thus replace neutral data used in the recognizer training phase. The token generation training method is shown to improve isolated word recognition by 8% for slow speaking style, 14% for loud speaking style, and 24% for speech under Lombard effect when compared to neutral trained isolated word recognition. >
Detection of group B streptococcus: Comparison of an optical immunoassay with direct plating and broth-enhanced culture methods

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of an optical immunoassay (STREP B OIA, Biostar) to direct plating and broth-enhanced culture for the detection of group B streptococcus (CBS) colonization of the lower genital tract in pregnant women. GBS cultures from the lower genital tract were obtained in a prospective fashion using a dual swab transport system from patients with risk factors for perinatal GBS infection. One swab was used to inoculate a trypticase soy agar plate with 5% sheep blood (TSA) and then placed in Lim broth. The other swab was used to perform the Strep B OIA. Growth of GBS by either direct plating or broth-enhanced culture was used as the gold standard for determining GBS colonization. Of the 524 women in the study, 90 women had positive cultures (either TSA or Lim broth). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Strep B OIA were 47% (42/90), 96% (416/434), 70% (42/60), 90% (416/464). The sensitivity, specificity...
Atomoxetine/Methylphenidate Effects on Social Play Behavior

Researchers at Utrecht University, The Netherlands, and University “Roma Tre,” Rome, Italy, studied the neural substrates of the previously identified social play-suppressant effects of methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine, drugs widely used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Decomposable Operators and Generalized Intertwining Linear Transformations

Given a pair of continuous linear operators T e L(X) and S e L(Y) on complex Banach spaces X and Y, respectively, it is natural to ask for necessary and sufficient conditions on T and S, which force every linear transformation Θ: X → Y satisfying S Θ = ΘT to be continuous. This automatic continuity problem for intertwining linear transformations dates back to Johnson and Sinclair [14], [15], [20] and has received some considerable attention thereafter; see for instance [3], [11], [13], [21], [24]. In the rather general context of decomposable operators T and S, it has been observed only recently that this problem is closely related to the algebraic representation of the spectral maximal spaces of certain decomposable operators [2], [17], [18].
Thermalization and spectral distortions of the cosmic background radiation.

Thermalization under double Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and elastic Compton scattering of an early energy injection of photons to the cosmic background radiation is examined both analytically and numerically. We find that spectral distortions in the Wien region can include negative as well as positive chemical potential distortions. The former must be evaluated numerically, whereas for the latter we compare analytic and numerical solutions. Spectral distortions in the Rayleigh-Jeans region are fixed by the Wien distortions and by the baryon density ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{B}{h}^{2}$. Thus, the Rayleigh-Jeans region can potentially provide constraints to ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{B}{h}^{2}$ should spectral distortions be seen in the cosmic background radiation. From an analysis of the time evolution of chemical potential distortions and the observational constraints on such distortions, significant energy injection at ${z}_{h}\ensuremath{\lesssim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}{({\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{B}{h}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{2}{5}}$ is ruled out in all but a very small class of injection scenarios.
Steady State Transport Phenomena in Non-Ideal Permeant-Polymer Systems

The so generally used Fick’s first law of diffusion with the material current density proportional to concentration gradient of the penetrant is inapplicable to even the simplest uniform homogeneous polymer membranes which as a rule are not ideal. The nonideality shows up in a nonlinear increase of sorbed penetrant with applied pressure of gas or concentration of liquid. That modifies the concentration gradient in the membrane. The same effect can obtain as a consequence of the finite compressibility of swollen membrane under the applied pressure gradient in the hydraulic experiment. In both cases the membrane becomes nonuniform under the influence of concentration or pressure gradient in spite of the fact that it is uniform in a gradient free environment. But the true driving force is in all cases the gradient of the chemical potential of the penetrant and not that of concentration. The deviations of sorption, partition and diffusion coefficients from ideality in highly swollen and in plastically deformed polymer films can be to some extent described by the change of fractional free volume as a consequence of the finite amount of sorbate present. A new effect may occur in the hydraulic experiment. With increasing swelling the membranes exhibit a substantial viscous flow permeability which may be orders of magnitude larger than the diffusive permeability. It cannot be described in terms of diffusive transport.
Analysis of energy performance of university campus buildings using statistical and energy modeling approaches

Buildings play a major role in total annual energy use worldwide. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the energy performance of University of Florida (UF) buildings and assess the effects of selected Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) on their energy performance. For this study, a set of buildings were identified based on a space functionality classification and two of them were chosen for simulation with energy modeling software. After calibrating the models to match actual energy use, we assessed their performance. The effect of EEMs on reducing the energy demands of buildings were analyzed. Analysis showed the potential energy saving for UF buildings. Modifying the EEMs, we could reduce the Energy Use Intensity values of the simulated buildings for 7--13%. Finally, using extrapolation and previous utility bills data, the campus-wide financial benefits of this saving were discussed.
Design of Mixed Batch Reactor and Column Studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

We (the Stanford research team) were invited as external collaborators to contribute expertise in environmental engineering and field research at the ORNL IFRC, Oak Ridge, TN, for projects carried out at the Argonne National Laboratory and funded by US DOE. Specifically, we assisted in the design of batch and column reactors using ORNL IFRC materials to ensure the experiments were relevant to field conditions. During the funded research period, we characterized ORNL IFRC groundwater and sediments in batch microcosm and column experiments conducted at ANL, and we communicated with ANL team members through email and conference calls and face-to-face meetings at the annual ERSP PI meeting and national meetings. Microcosm test results demonstrated that U(VI) in sediments was reduced to U(IV) when amended with ethanol. The reduced products were not uraninite but unknown U(IV) complexes associated with Fe. Fe(III) in solid phase was only partially reduced. Due to budget reductions at ANL, Stanford contributions ended in 2011.
Changes in pain, swelling, and range of motion according to physical therapy intervention after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients

Objective: This study was carried out to compare changes in pain, swelling and range of motion (ROM) between the two groups according to physical therapy intervention. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: There were a total of 20 elderly subjects ages 65-75 years old who have been admitted to the hospital for a total knee arthroplasty. After surgery, the experimental group (n=10) carried out quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening exercise, hamstring stretching exercises and gastrocnemius stretching exercise with a physical therapist for 30 minutes and additionally, received ice pack therapy for 20 minutes once a day. The control group (n=10) carried out continuous passive motion for 30 minutes and received ice pack therapy for 20 minutes once a day. The experimental group and control group carried out each intervention program for 2 weeks 3 times a week. The Visual Analogue Scale was used to assess pain, tape measurements were taken to assess swelling, and a steel goniometer was used to assess knee joint ROM. Results: As a result, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in the pain and swelling, and a significant increase in knee flexion ROM after the intervention, compared to the control group (p
Side chain flexibility in perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers: an ab initio study.

Side chain flexibility in perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers has been explored through ab initio electronic structure calculations. Three different PFSA side chain fragments were considered with a CF3CFCF3 backbone representation: Nafion (−OCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)2SO3H), Aquivion or the short side chain (SSC) (−O(CF2)2SO3H), and the 3M PFSA (−O(CF2)4SO3H). Rotational potential energy surfaces for each bond along the length of the side chains were obtained using density functional theory with the B3LYP and the dispersion-corrected B97D functionals with and without the inclusion of a solvation model. Solvent effects were found to have minimal effect on bond rotations close to the tetrafluoroethylene backbone but had greater impact near the terminal sulfonic acid group. The carbon–sulfur bond was found to be the most flexible portion of the side chain in each of the fragments which was further enhanced with the inclusion of the solvent. Complete rotation about either the O–CF2 or CF–O bond in the Nafion side ch...
Effect of Fertilizer Placement on Prostrate Spurge Growth in Container Production

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement on prostrate spurge growth (Chamaesyce prostrata) in container production. In experiment one, Polyon 17N–2.1P–9.2K (17–5–11) was topdressed or dibbled at 45 g (1.6 oz) or 90 g (3.2 oz) per 11.3 liter (#3) container and either 90 g (3.2 oz) or 180 g (6.3 oz) per 26.3 liter (#7) container. In experiments two and three, 180 g (6.3 oz) of Polyon 17N–2.1P–9.2K (17–5–11) was topdressed or dibbled per 26.3 liter (#7) container. In all experiments 20 prostrate spurge seed were applied to the container surface 30 days after potting. In all experiments, weed count and weight were less in dibbled containers compared to topdressed. Across all experiments, weed shoot weights at or beyond 90 days after potting were from 31 to 888% greater in topdressed containers, compared to dibbled containers. Overall, dibbling fertilizer greatly reduced weed growth while producing no visible difference in ornamental plant growth. Index words: dibble, topdress, controlled-release fertilizer. Species used in this study: Yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria Ait.); Wax leaf ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.). Significance to the Nursery Industry Container growers rely heavily on preemergence herbicides and hand labor for weed control. Even with a good preemergence herbicide weed control program, less than 100% control is obtained. Some growers of large container plants rely only on hand-weeding. Data indicate fertilizer placement influences weed control. Dibbling fertilizers (placement of the fertilizer below the liner roots immediately prior to potting) reduced germination of prostrate spurge (Chamaesyce prostrata), and reduced subsequent spurge growth compared to topdressing fertilizers. Dibbling fertilizer reduced weed growth, compared to topdressing fertilizer, and resulted in similar crop shoot growth. Understanding how cultural practices, like fertilizer placement, affect weed control will help growers better manage their crops and weed control program. These data provide growers another non-chemical option when developing weed control strategies for container-grown nursery crops.
Left ventricular aneurysm. Preoperative risk factors and long-term postoperative results.

The results of operative treatment of postinfarction left ventricular aneurysms in 169 patients undergoing operation since 1970 are analyzed in this report. Maximum follow-up extended to 7 years (average 2.9 years). Average patient age was 56 years (range 34 to 82 years). Nearly all patients (94 percent) had left anterior descending coronary artery disease with anterior aneurysm formation and 73 percent had multivessel disease. Sixty-eight percent of patients underwent aorta-coronary bypass grafting (ACBG) and/or mitral valve replacement (MVR) concomitantly with aneurysmectomy. The over-all operative mortality rate was 17.8 percent. Preoperative factors that correlated significantly (p
Errors of inflection in the writing of normal and poor readers.

This study investigated the speech and writing of 18 normal and 11 poor readers in second grade in order to determine whether children make morphological errors in writing that they do not make in speech. Ten sentences with complex syntactic structures were elicited, both orally and in writing (e.g., "Who do you think eats fries?" "Point to the dog that licks babies"). Each sentence provided opportunities for the children to erroneously omit, add, or substitute an inflection. In the spoken task, virtually no inflectional errors were observed in either group. In contrast, in the written task, good readers omitted an average of 0.4 inflections out of a possible 20 whereas the poor readers omitted an average of 7.6 inflections each, a highly significant difference. This suggests that poor readers have adequate grammatical knowledge, but poor explicit awareness of morphological structure.
Methanol Metabolism in the Monkey

The peroxidative system involving hepatic catalase plays a major role in the oxidation of methanol in the rat (1), but in the monkey the peroxidative mechanism does not appear to be important. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (a) ethanol and methanol were about equally reactive with the peroxidative system, but ethanol was much more reactive with the alcohol dehydrogenase system than methanol. Ethanol was a much more effective inhibitor of methanol oxidation in the intact monkey than it was in the rat, which is what would be expected if methanol is oxidized by the alcohol dehydrogenase system in the monkey, but by the peroxidative system in the rat. (b) By similar reasoning, 1-butanol was a stronger inhibitor of methanol oxidation in the monkey than it should have been if the peroxidative system was involved. (c) 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole, a potent inhibitor of hepatic catalase, greatly reduced methanol oxidation in the rat, but had no measurable effect on methanol oxidation in the monkey. (d) Ethylene glycol stimulated the rate of methanol oxidation in the rat, probably as a result of an increased H2O2 production that occurs when glycolic acid, a metabolite of ethylene glycol, is oxidized to glyoxylic acid (6,7); no such stimulation was seen in the monkey. Studies in vitro which measured the methanol-oxidizing activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase isolated from monkeys also support the view that this enzyme is largely responsible for methanol oxidation in this species.
Hematopoietic Development of ES Cells in Culture

Under appropriate culture conditions, ES cells will spontaneously differentiate and generate colonies known as embryoid bodies (EBs) that contain precursors of multiple lineages, including those of the hematopoietic system (1-7). Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular events leading to hematopoietic commitment, as well as the kinetics of lineage development within the EBs, parallel that found in the normal mouse embryo (5). More recent studies (8-11) have supported these earlier findings and have provided evidence that hematopoietic development within EBs can be divided into the following distinct stages: hemangioblast, primitive and early definitive, and multilineage definitive. These stages most closely correspond to the preblood island, the early-mid yolk sac, and the late yolk sac-early fetal-liver hematopoietic programs within the mouse embryo.
Arthroscopy-Associated Complications in Osteosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Iatrogenic seeding of sarcoma cells into a joint is a feared, although uncommon, phenomenon. In 1983, Joyce and Mankin described twelve patients who had undergone arthroscopy for suspected intra-articular pathology and were later determined to have extra-articular malignancies. Failure to appreciate the extra-articular lesion in eight of these patients led to delays in definitive treatment as well as the introduction of diseased tissue into the joint space1. In 2003, Musculo et al. reported a similar series of twenty-five patients with suspected athletic injuries who were operated on first and only later diagnosed with benign or malignant bone tumors2. Microscopic seeding of a joint with tumor cells from an undiagnosed malignancy is a risk in treating bone and soft-tissue tumors3-5. Iatrogenic spread of a tumor by arthroscopy is a rare complication that can substantially alter surgical outcomes for patients, leading to more aggressive surgical treatment when conservative therapy may have initially been possible6-8. In a busy clinical practice, orthopaedic surgeons must remain vigilant in assessing all patients with musculoskeletal pain, particularly patients with an equivocal etiology. We report the case of a young man with osteosarcoma who had arthroscopy-related complications. The patient’s family was informed that data concerning this case would be submitted for publication, and they provided consent. A previously healthy nineteen-year-old man presented to his primary physician with knee pain, swelling, and limited weight-bearing. The patient offered a reportedly “vague” history of trauma to the knee, sustained while playing with the family dog. After evaluation, the physician decided on empiric treatment with rest and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite the medication, the pain continued to worsen, and the patient was subsequently referred for orthopaedic evaluation. The patient presented to the orthopaedist with poorly localized pain about the knee …
Vascular Access for Hemodialysis

General, vascular and transplant surgeons all perform operations for vascular access. The arteriovenous fistula, when compared with an external catheter or a non-autogenous graft, has the best outcome for vascular access among many patients with end stage renal disease. Professional and governmental organizations emphasize the importance of using autogenous fistulas when appropriate. This chapter will describe the preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques and postoperative care for performing radiocephalic and brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas and the basilic vein transposition.
The Compass and the Mohr-Mascheroni Theorem

Napoleon proposed to the French mathematicians the problem of divid-ing a circle into four congruent arcs by using the compass alone. Although not original with Napoleon, the problem has become known as Napoleon’s Problem. During his campaign in northern Italy, Napoleon had encountered the poet and geometer Lorenzo Mascheroni (1750-1800). Mascheroni was a professor at the University of Pavia, where Christopher Columbus had once been a student. Mascheroni’s most famous mathematical work is his Geometria del Compasso, published in 1797. This work, which began with an ode of some literary merit that was dedicated to Napoleon, showed that all the ruler and compass constructions can be accomplished with the euclidean compass alone. Surprisingly, any point that can be constructed with ruler and compass can be constructed without using the ruler at all. In these compass constructions, a line is considered to be constructed as soon as two points on the line are constructed. In practice, we cannot draw a line with only a compass, but we may be able to construct some particular point on the line as the intersection of circles that are drawn with the compass. As usual, we do not expect every point on a constructed line to be constructible.
A contemporary update on Fournier's gangrene

Despite advances in the evaluation, treatment, and pathophysiological understanding of necrotizing soft-tissue infections, Fournier's gangrene remains a life-threatening urological emergency. Although the condition can affect patients of any age and gender, it might be more prevalent in some high-risk groups with certain comorbidities. Several prognostic and diagnostic tools have been developed to assist with clinical decision-making once the diagnosis is made - primarily based on the physician's physical exam and potentially supported by laboratory and imaging findings. Expedited treatment with resuscitation, antibiotic administration, and rapid, wide surgical debridement are key elements of the initial management. These procedures must be followed by meticulous wound care and liberal use of planned subsequent surgical debridements. Once the patient has overcome the associated systemic illness, several reconstructive options for the genitalia and perineum can be considered to improve functionality and cosmesis.
Bifurculapes Hitchcock 1858: a revision of the ichnogenus

Characters differentiating the arthropod trackway Bifurculapes from the similar ichnogenera Lithographus and Copeza include the position, arrangement and orientation of the tracks within the series. Of the five species of Bifurculapes originally described, only Bifurculapes laqueatus and Bifurculapes scolopendroideus are recognized herein; the other three ichnospecies are considered to be nomina dubia or junior subjective synonyms of Bifurculapes laqueatus . Two new specimens, recovered from the Early Jurassic East Berlin Formation of the Hartford Basin in Holyoke, Massachusetts, represent only the second unequivocal occurrence of the ichnogenus outside of the Deerfield Basin. Bifurculapes is currently known only from the Early Jurassic.