cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Accuracy Low-Re Simulations of Airfoil-Gust and Airfoil-Vortex Interactions

The current work completes a high-accuracy 2D study of nonlinear viscous interaction of SD7003 airfoil with nonuniform, unsteady incoming flow initiated in Ref. [1]. A laminar mean flow is considered with M=0.1 and Re=10,000 typical of MAV applications in which an encounter with upstream vortical flow structures may induce particularly significant aerodynamic and aeroelastic responses. Previous and new results obtained for the aerodynamic airfoil response to time-harmonic and sharp-edge gust perturbations with variable gust amplitude, frequency, dimension and duration are discussed in comparison with “equivalent” pitching simulations as well as corresponding predictions based on the linearized inviscid, incompressible unsteady aerodynamic theory. In addition, results obtained for the airfoil response to an upstream Taylor vortex are presented and compared against sharp-edge gust solutions. Preliminary 3D ILES computations of the vortex-airfoil interaction are also conducted and compared with 2D predictions in a transitional flow regime.
Directly probing thermal and acoustic dynamics in nanostructured systems using coherent EUV beams

Utilizing coherent EUV beams, we spectroscopically probe the thermomechanical properties of nanostructured systems allowing access to new regimes of nanoscale thermal transport and to the full elastic tensor of sub-50 nm thin films
EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

This article explores the educational needs of mentally ill older adults. Not a single article specifically addressing this population was found in a review of the literature. The adult education literature addresses the well elderly. The mental health literature, when it addresses education, focuses on young chronically ill populations, and when the treatment literature addresses the elderly, retraining is briefly mentioned. Therefore, a review of the existing literature describing the educational needs of the well elderly, the educational needs of mentally ill younger adults, and the treatment of mentally ill older adults is presented. Education and treatment implications are drawn from the different knowledge bases.
‘[Le] Besoin de définir’ and ‘le danger de s'embrouiller’: Balzac's Les Employés and the physiologies

Originally published as La Femme superieure in 1837, the novel that would eventually become Les Employes in 1844 underwent drastic revision after the appearance of Balzac's Physiologie de l'employe in 1841. This essay uses close reading and a genetic approach to examine Balzac's understudied Les Employes and the two previous versions of this work, and argues that the novel actively stages the author's ambivalent relationship with the physiologies. While Balzac often depicts his characters in the manner of those in physiologie series and recycles typological passages from his own Physiologie into the final edition of the novel, numerous passages in Les Employes show the author's resistance to the very goals of this typological method. These generic tensions, which play out on the level of plot and style in the multiple formats of Les Employes, mirror tensions between high and low literature in the nascent literary field in which Balzac and his contemporaries published.
Neonatal Hemostatic Disorders: Issues and Challenges

Neonates form a unique cohort with distinct features associated with the hemostatic system compared with older children and adults. The development of the human hemostatic system begins around 10 weeks in utero and continues to evolve during childhood. This dynamic period termed developmental hemostasis should be taken into consideration when diagnosing a neonate with disorders of bleeding or thrombosis.
Adaptive motion and posture control of inverted pendulums with nonlinear friction compensation

In this manuscript, an adaptive control strategy is presented for the inverted pendulum motion and posture control problem. The system's complexity increases significantly in the presence of nonlinear friction. The control strategy use a Lyapunov stability-based online adaptation technique to guarantee asymptotic motion tracking and posture control. Moreover, an adaptive friction compensation method is proposed to cope with such uncertainty. Results for various situations highlight the achievement of the proposed scheme in compensation for external disturbance and friction nonlinearities, in the form of Coulomb friction.
Matched filtering with interferometric 21 cm experiments

Author(s): White, M; Padmanabhan, N | Abstract: A new generation of interferometric instruments is emerging, which aims to use intensity mapping of redshifted 21 cm radiation to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe at z ≃ 1-2 over wide areas of the sky. While these instruments typically have limited angular resolution, they cover huge volumes and thus can be used to provide large samples of rare objects. In this paper we study how well such instruments could find spatially extended largescale structures, such as cosmic voids, using a matched filter formalism. Such a formalism allows us to work in Fourier space, the natural space for interferometers, and to study the impact of finite u - v coverage, noise and foregrounds on our ability to recover voids. We find that in the absence of foregrounds, such instruments would provide enormous catalogs of voids, with high completeness, but that control of foregrounds is key to realizing this goal.
P-lint: a permission smell detector for Android applications

Android is built upon a permission-based structure, where apps require access to specific permissions in order to carry out specific functionalities. While Android has provided a set of best practices intended to aid the developer in properly defining and manipulating these permissions on their source code, developers do not always adhere to these guidelines. Although some of the resulting issues may be minor and lead to slight user confusion, other mistakes may create more serious privacy and security related issues. We've defined improper usage of these permission best practices to be permission smells to indicate possible permissions related syntactic issues and have created a tool P-Lint to assist in the identification of these smells on the source code. P-Lint's goal is to not only help developers create better, more secure apps by providing guidance on properly using permissions, but also in allowing researchers to better understand the common permission smells through empirical analysis on existing apps. P-Lint is publicly available on the project website: https://p-lint.github.io
Postoperative Stridor and Acute Respiratory Failure After Parkinson Disease Deep Brain Stimulator Placement: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background Parkinson disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, is commonly thought of as a motion disorder, but it can have significant effect on the respiratory system. Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in these patients, but it can also affect laryngeal function causing dysphonia, dysphagia, and dysarthric speech. Acute upper airway obstruction is a rare finding in PD, especially in the perioperative settings. In this article we report a PD patient who developed upper respiratory obstruction postoperatively. We also review the literature and highlight the importance of preoperative evaluation to identify patients who may be at risk of this complication. Case Description We describe a PD patient presenting for brain stimulation electrode implantation under general anesthesia, who postoperatively developed stridor and near complete upper airway obstruction despite maintenance of oral anti-Parkinson medication regimen intraoperatively. The patient was reintubated in post-anesthesia-care unit, and tracheostomy was performed after 1 week due to persistent vocal cord dysfunction. Conclusions Baseline vocal cord impairment in PD patients can be acutely aggravated perioperatively. Symptoms such as dysphagia and dysarthria, which can indicate susceptibility to postoperative upper airway obstruction, may not be well recognized by the patient and family. Surgical candidates should be carefully interviewed preoperatively, and watchful monitoring of respiratory function intraoperatively and postoperatively is of paramount importance. Neurosurgical and neuroanesthesia team should be aware of, and prepared to manage, this potentially life-threatening airway obstruction in PD patients.
White matter atrophy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 mouse models revealed by serial optical coherence scanner (Conference Presentation)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disease. Post-mortem studies showed neurodegeneration involving white matter components in the cerebral lobes, the cerebellar peduncles and the more distal cranial nerves in human patients. However, the progression of SCA1 in the brain remains unclear. We present the study of white matter atrophy of SCA1 mouse models using serial optical coherence scanner (SOCS). SOCS consists of a polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography and a tissue slicer (vibratome) with associated controls for serial imaging. The optical system has 5.5 µm axial resolution and utilizes a scan lens or a water-immersion microscope objective to provide 10 µm or 4 µm lateral resolution, respectively. Brain imaging with SOCS showed that the reflectivity contrast portrays morphology, and the polarization contrasts primarily probe myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter. In the cerebellum, the cerebellar cortical layers and white matter are distinguished by using intrinsic optical contrasts. We use SOCS to image the cerebellums of SCA1 mouse models. Data have been acquired from multiple sections at different age groups. The label-free contrasts show the pathological changes in molecular layer in SCA1 mouse models. White matter size in midline section was quantified at different time points to show white matter degeneration. Moment analysis for retardance contrast and distribution of axis orientation contrast reveal white matter atrophy. High-resolution (4 µm) SOCS visualizes the atrophy of fine features in midline sagittal cerebellum sections as well.
Integrated Primary Care Readiness and Behaviors Scale: Development and validation in behavioral health professionals.

Introduction Although integrated primary care (IPC) is growing, several barriers remain. Better understanding of behavioral health professionals' (BHPs') readiness for and engagement in IPC behaviors could improve IPC research and training. This study developed measures of IPC behaviors and stage of change. Method The sample included 319 licensed, practicing BHPs with a range of interests and experience with IPC. Sequential measurement development procedures, with split-half cross-validation were conducted. Results Exploratory principal components analyses (N = 152) and confirmatory factor analyses (N = 167) yielded a 12-item scale with 2 factors: consultation/practice management (CPM) and intervention/knowledge (IK). A higher-order Integrated Primary Care Behavior Scale (IPCBS) model showed good fit to the data, and excellent internal consistencies. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the IPCBS demonstrated significant large-sized differences across stage and behavior groups. Discussion The IPCBS demonstrated good psychometric properties and external validation, advancing research, education, and training for IPC practice. (PsycINFO Database Record
Abstract 17388: Cardiac MRI Derived Forward Stroke Energy is a Better Index of Left Ventricular Pump Function over Ejection Fraction in Mitral Regurgitation

Introduction: Mitral regurgitation (MR) into the low impedance left atrium (LA) enables a pop off valve effect and enables a false low end-diastolic volume and increased ejection fraction (EF). EF in these patients seems falsely high even though their ventricular contraction seems impaired, thus better indices that represent ventricular contraction are required in this lesion. Hypothesis: In this study we sought to investigate if forward stroke energy (FSE), which represents the forward kinetic energy of the blood through the aortic valve is a better indicator of ventricular contraction than EF. Methods: Phase-contrast MRI was performed in patients with MR (n=63; Mild MR =23; Moderate-severe MR=40), at the aortic and mitral valve planes, to compute the transvalvular through-plane flow. EF was measured as ((end-diastolic volume- end systolic volume)/end-diastolic volume), and FSE as (forward aortic stroke volume X mean arterial pressure). LV contractility was computed as the dynamic myocardial wall thickening over the cardiac cycle. Results: Regional peak wall thickening was significantly reduced in the moderate-severe MR groups - equatorial sector (5.9±0.6mm vs. 4.3±0.4mm, p=0.02) and apical sector (6.4±0.5mm vs. 4.5±0.3mm, p=0.003), indicating LV dysfunction with higher MR severity. EF did not capture this difference in LV contraction between the groups (50.1±3.7% vs. 48.3±3.2%, p=0.72). However, FSE demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups and a significant negative correlation (6527±483 mmHg.mL vs. 4895±282 mmHg.mL, p=0.002, r(MRfraction)=-0.42, p=0.0007). Conclusions: Forward stroke energy may better capture reduced myocardial contractility in the setting of MR, than EF - the current clinical gold standard.
Einwanderungsland? Germany’s Asylum Dilemma in Policy and Design

Germany has experienced an unprecedented influx of refugees over the last years. In dealing with the so-called crisis, the management of settlement and housing of refugees is a crucial aspect. Germany’s asylum policy—torn between long-term versus short-term and permanent versus temporary approaches and solutions—has equally contradictory spatial implications. This article brings together policy with design. Through the analysis of an architectural project database featuring recent refugee housing projects across Germany and some of its neighboring countries, this paper explores design responses to the refugee influx. It shows that the refugee shelter design is equally torn and reflects the political inconsistency that is symptomatic of the wider context of Germany’s current asylum policy.
Bargaining Styles and Negotiation: The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument in Negotiation Training

Many negotiation courses and executive training programs cover the subject of bargaining styles. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) is a commonly used psychological assessment tool that helps students and teachers probe this topic. The TKI measures the five conflict management facets proposed by the Dual Concerns Model: competing, collaborating, compromising, accommodating, and avoiding. The author has used the TKI extensively in teaching executives about bargaining styles, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of it as a teaching aid. He also presents research on the frequency with which various TKI scores are reported in business programs. Finally, he provides thumbnail sketches of typical bargaining behavior exhibited by people with very strong and very weak predispositions for each of the five conflict modes. Some implications of these behaviors for specific professional audiences are explored.
Nature and nurture: the impact of automaticity and the structuration of communication on virtual team behavior and performance

Much prior research on virtual teams has examined the impact of the features and capabilities of different communication tools (the nature of communication) on team performance. In this paper, we examine how the social structures (i.e., genre rules) that emerge around different communication tools (the nurture of communication) can be as important in influencing performance. During habitual use situations, team members enact genre rules associated with communication tools without conscious thought via automaticity. These genre rules influence how teams interact and ultimately how well they perform. We conducted an experimental study to examine the impact of different genre rules that have developed for two communication tools: instant messenger and discussion forum. Our results show that in habitual use situations, these tools triggered different genre rules with different behaviors, which in turn resulted in significantly different decision quality. We used heightened time pressure as a discrepant event to interrupt the automatic enactment of habitual genre rules and found that users adopted similar behaviors for both tools, which resulted in no significant differences in decision quality. These findings suggest that the automatic enactment of genre rules for a communication tool may have as powerful an effect on behavior and performance as the actual features of the tool itself. We believe that our results, taken together with past research showing the effects of social structures on communication, call for the expansion of task-technology fit theories to include the role of social structures in explaining the use of and performance from communication tools.
Cognitive, Behavioral, and Psychodynamic Therapies

Although the origins of cognitive therapy can be traced back in the history of philosophy and psychology (see Ellis, Chapter 1, this volume), it is still a relatively new arrival on the psychotherapy scene. Nonetheless, there already exists some very promising data for its effectiveness, particularly in the treatment of depression (e.g., Beckham & Watkins, Chapter 4, this volume; Elkin, Shea, Watkins, & Collins, 1986; Hollon & Beck, 1986). The recent proliferation of books, articles, and conferences on cognitive therapy, along with its inclusion in the NIMH Collaborative Study on Depression (Elkin, Parloff, Hadley, & Autry, 1985) point to the wide and rapidly growing acceptance of this approach. Given this, it seems particularly timely to consider the relationship between cognitive therapy and other major forms of psychotherapy. In this chapter, we will compare cognitive therapy with behavioral and psycho-dynamic therapies in an attempt to determine commonalities and differences among them. * In addition, we will present a formulation of change in psychotherapy based on factors that we believe are present in all three of these therapies. The argument will be advanced that the favorable outcome data for cognitive therapy may not be due to any particularly unique or novel elements but may instead be due to a more efficient and explicit use of factors that are present in these other forms of psychotherapies as well.
Targeting mTOR with MLN0128 Overcomes Rapamycin and Chemoresistant Primary Effusion Lymphoma

ABSTRACT Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). PEL has a highly active mTOR pathway, which makes mTOR a potential therapeutic target. MLN0128 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR that has entered clinical trials for solid tumors. Our results demonstrated that MLN0128 has a greater effect on inhibiting proliferation than the allosteric mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. MLN0128 has ∼30 nM 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) across several PEL cell lines, including PEL that is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. MLN0128 induced apoptosis in PEL, whereas rapamycin induced G1 arrest, consistent with a different mechanism of action. MLN0128 inhibited phosphorylation of mTOR complex 1 and 2 targets, while rapamycin only partially inhibited mTOR complex 1 targets. PEL xenograft mouse models treated with MLN0128 showed reduced effusion volumes in comparison to the vehicle-treated group. Rapamycin-resistant (RR) clones with an IC50 for rapamycin 10 times higher than the parental IC50 emerged consistently after rapamycin exposure as a result of transcriptional adaptation. MLN0128 was nevertheless capable of inducing apoptosis in these RR clones. Our results suggest that MLN0128 might offer a new approach to the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant PEL. IMPORTANCE Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive and incurable malignancy, which is usually characterized by lymphomatous effusions in body cavities without tumor masses. PEL has no established treatment and a poor prognosis, with a median survival time shorter than 6 months. PEL usually develops in the context of immunosuppression, such as HIV infection or post-organ transplantation. The optimal treatment for PEL has not been established, as PEL is generally resistant to traditional chemotherapy. The molecular drivers for PEL are still unknown; however, PEL displays a constitutively active mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is critical for metabolic and cell survival mechanisms. Therefore, the evaluation of novel agents targeting the mTOR pathway could be clinically relevant for the treatment of PEL.
High-Frequency Quantum Well InGaAs-on-Si MOSFETs With Scaled Gate Lengths

High-frequency InGaAs-On-Si MOSFETs with gate lengths down to 14 nm and a Si CMOS compatible fabrication flow are demonstrated. Record high combined $\text{f}_{\text {t}}$ and $\text{f}_{\text {max}}$ of 370 and 310 GHz, respectively, for III-V MOSFETs on Si is achieved. The key features include an InP/10 nm In0.75Ga0.25As/InP quantum well in the channel, as well as, self-aligned 8 nm thick source and drain spacers together with source and drain extensions, which minimize the parasitic access resistances due to the spacers. The use of the quantum well is shown to increase the electron mobility by a factor of three, resulting in a significant increase of $\text{g}_{\text {m}}$ due to a reduction of defect scattering at the gate oxide interface. The InP barrier is also shown to suppress the effect of border traps, through a reduction of the $\text{g}_{\text {m}}$ frequency dispersion.
Targeted modification of hardware trojans

The use of untrusted design tools, components, and designers, coupled with untrusted device fabrication, introduces the possibility of malicious modifications being made to integrated circuits (ICs) during their design and fabrication. These modifications are known as hardware trojans. The widespread use of commercially purchased 3rd party intellectual property (3PIP) and commercial design tools extends even into trusted design flows. Unfortunately, due to the theoretical result that there is no program that can decide whether any other program will eventually halt, we know that the properties of a program, or circuit, cannot be known in advance of running it. While we can design a circuit to meet some functional specification and generate a simulation or test suite to obtain at least probabilistic confidence that the circuit implements the intended functionality, we cannot test a circuit for unintended functionality due to the combinatorially large state space. To address these concerns, we have developed a design-time method for automatically and systematically modifying portions of a design that exhibit characteristics of hardware trojans. After each modification, the functionality of the design is verified against a comprehensive simulation suite to ensure that the intended circuit functionality has not been changed. This approach can be applied to any digital circuit and does not rely on secret keys or obfuscation.
Identifying heteroclinic connections using artificial neural networks

Abstract This paper demonstrates the usage of artificial neural networks (ANN) to identify heteroclinic connections in astrodynamical systems. The ANN architecture is applied to find heteroclinic connections, or lack thereof, in the Earth-Moon circular restricted three body problem from L 1 to L 2 Lyapunov orbits for Jacobi values between 3.07 and 3.17. The predicted heteroclinic connections are within 0.1–1% of the arclength along the periodic orbit from their true locations.
Purple Hummingbird: A Biography of Elizabeth Warder Crozer Campbell: by Claude N. Warren and Joan S. Schneider, Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 2017,x+194 pp., $19.95 (paper), ISBN 978-1607815181, $15.00 (eBook), ISBN 978–1607815198

Purple Hummingbird: A Biography of Elizabeth Warder Crozer Campbell serves as a wonderful result of what Joan S. Schneider describes in the preface as Claude N. Warren’s “obsessive journey … with E...
Bifurcations and Amplitude Death from Distributed Delays in Coupled Landau-Stuart Oscillators and a Chaotic Parametrically Forced van der Pol-Rayleigh System

Distributed delays modeled by 'weak generic kernels' are introduced in the well-known coupled Landau-Stuart system, as well as a chaotic van der Pol-Rayleigh system with parametric forcing. The systems are close via the 'linear chain trick'. Linear stability analysis of the systems and conditions for Hopf bifurcation which initiates oscillations are investigated, including deriving the normal form at bifurcation, and deducing the stability of the resulting limit cycle attractor. The value of the delay parameter $a=a_{Hopf}$ at Hopf bifurcation picks out the onset of Amplitude Death(AD) in all three systems, with oscillations at larger values (corresponding to weaker delay). In the Landau-Stuart system, the Hopf-generated limit cycles for $a>a_{Hopf}$ turn out to be remarkably stable under very large variations of all other system parameters beyond the Hopf bifurcation point, and do not undergo further symmetry breaking, cyclic-fold, flip, transcritical or Neimark-Sacker bifurcations. This is to be expected as the corresponding undelayed systems are robust oscillators over wide ranges of their respective parameters. Numerical simulations reveal strong distortion and rotation of the limit cycles in phase space as the parameters are pushed far into the post-Hopf regime, and reveal other features, such as how the oscillation amplitudes and time periods of the physical variables on the limit cycle attractor change as the delay and other parameters are varied. For the chaotic system, very strong delays may still lead to the cessation of oscillations and the onset of AD (even for relatively large values of the system forcing which tends to oppose this phenomenon). Varying of the other important system parameter, the parametric excitation, leads to a rich sequence of dynamical behaviors, with the bifurcations leading from one regime (or type of attractor) into the next being carefully tracked.
SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANTA VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICE AFTER LARGE BORE ARTERIAL ACCESS FOR MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT - INITIAL REAL WORLD EXPERIENCE

Post-FDA approval safety and effectiveness of MANTA (Teleflex) vascular closure device for large bore arterial access closure after mechanical circulatory support is not known. All consecutive MANTA devices used for closure after circulatory support between February 2019 to October 2019 at our
A Scoping Review of School-Based Efforts to Support Students Who Have Experienced Trauma.

The current review sought to describe the published literature relative to addressing trauma in schools. Through a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications as well as gray literature, we identified a total of 91 publications that were coded for study rigor as well as a number of intervention characteristics. Publications included in the review mentioned a variety of intervention components, most notably an emphasis on counseling services, skill development, psychoeducation related to trauma, and parent engagement. We identified a relative lack of empirical evaluation of whole-school approaches and interventions intended to be delivered by non-clinical staff. We also found that less rigorous publications were more likely to highlight the needs of particularly vulnerable groups of youth and to emphasize cultural competence and community engagement in efforts to address trauma in schools. We call for more rigorous evaluation of practices and policies that take a whole-school approach and can be implemented by non-clinical staff. In particular, we highlight the need to evaluate professional development strategies that can help school staff acquire knowledge and skills that can translate into improved outcomes for students—especially students from historically marginalized groups. We also emphasize the importance of ensuring that high-quality research be made accessible to policymakers and school staff to ensure that clear, evidence-based guidance is available to avoid programs, practices, and policies that may inadvertently traumatize students or exacerbate symptoms among students who have already experienced trauma.
Machine Learning Accurately Predicts Next Season NHL Player Injury Before It Occurs: Validation of 10,449 Player-Years from 2007-17:

Objectives:With the accumulation of big data surrounding National Hockey League (NHL) and the advent of advanced computational processors, machine learning (ML) is ideally suited to develop a predi...
Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use in Massachusetts after Cannabis Legalization and before Retail Sales

We determined the prevalence and correlates of cannabis use in Massachusetts after recreational use was passed, but before recreational cannabis stores opened. A cross-sectional, population-based s...
Different Strokes for Different Folks: Who Votes for Technocratic Parties?

In this study, I look at two types of political actors commonly described as ‘populist’ in literature—namely, rightwing populists and technocratic leaders like France’s Emmanuel Macron and the Czech Republic’s Andrej Babis. While both types of political actors tend to emerge as a response to a decline in trust in established parties and adopt platforms with anti-establishment and monist elements, they also possess noticeably different qualities. Unlike rightwing populists, technocrats lack a distinctive ideological profile and tend to adopt more inclusive rhetoric by appealing to a broadly-defined community of people. When contrasted with supporters of rightwing populists, empirical analysis of supporters of Macron’s and Babis’ parties shows that the two have few commonalities. Relatively few examples of such political leadership, the lack of a distinct ideological profile and the variation of their support bases suggest that one should use caution when conceptualizing technocratic populists as a distinct theoretical type.
The Early Story: A Brief History of the Creation of Entrepreneurship at Babson College and the Discovery of Innovation's Missing Imperative.

The authors document in detail how the entrepreneurship program was created at Babson College in the 1970s. They recount the early history of Babson’s program because the school was one of the firs...
Jw Sports Supplies (a)

James Jones and William West started a company to make what they considered the ideal gym bag, one that would incorporate the features they both desired and that would be of a sufficient quality to withstand a regular workout schedule for several years. They each made a modest investment to start their new company—JW Sports Supplies—and began operating on the side while they continued their respective professional careers. In this case, the owners attempt to better understand the impact that alternative decisions they could make about managing costs, changing prices, and different sales volumes would have on the company, so that they could better determine whether pursuing their venture full time was even a possibility. They both agreed that if they could see annual profit climb to around $300,000, they would consider making this a full-time endeavor. The case focuses on concepts related to cost behavior and cost-volume-profit analysis. Excerpt UVA-C-2402 Rev. Feb. 6, 2020 JW Sports Supplies (A) James Jones and William West had worked out together almost daily for several years. Both were professionals pursuing demanding careers, and both saw exercise as an escape from the daily stresses of the workplace. While they continued to update their workout wardrobes to take advantage of the latest in apparel technology, they lamented the lack of the perfect gym bag each time they met at the gym. One day, it was that lack of good storage space for their sneakers; the next, it was the lack of a pocket to conveniently store their phones, keys, and other small necessities; and finally, it was the problem of the seams splitting far beyond what one would consider normal wear and tear. Jones and West were sure they couldn't be the only ones who found current gym bags inadequate in meeting their needs. Eventually, they decided to pursue a venture to make what they considered the ideal gym bag, one that would incorporate the features they both desired and that would be of a sufficient quality to withstand a regular workout schedule for several years. They each made a modest investment to start their new company—JW Sports Supplies—and began operating on the side while they continued their respective professional careers. That had been more than five years ago. The company had grown substantially, had achieved annual sales of over $ 1.5 million, and had begun to generate a healthy profit (Exhibit 1 provides an income statement for the most recent year of operation). As Jones and West reflected on their success to date, they contemplated what might be possible if they could devote themselves full time to JW Sports Supplies. They decided to dive deeper into the numbers. They wanted to better understand the impact that alternative decisions they could make about managing costs, changing prices, and different sales volumes would have on the company, so that they could better determine whether pursuing their venture full time was even a possibility. They both agreed that if they could see annual profit climb to around $ 300,000, they would consider making this a full-time endeavor. . . .
Quality of Anatomic Staging of Breast Carcinoma in Hospitals in the United States, With Focus on Measurement of Tumor Dimension.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the accuracy of clinical breast carcinoma anatomic staging and the greatest tumor dimension measurements. METHODS We compared clinical stage and greatest dimension values with the pathologic reference standard values using 57,747 cases from the 2016 US National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program who were treated by surgical resection without prior neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS Agreement for clinical vs pathologic anatomic TNM group stage, overall, is 74.3% ± 0.4%. Lymph node N staging overall agrees very well (85.1% ± 0.4%). Based on tumor dimension and location, T staging has an agreement of only 64.2% ± 0.4%, worsening to 55% without carcinoma in situ (Tis) cases. In approximately 25% of cases, pathologic T stage is higher than clinical T stage. The mean difference in the greatest dimension is 1.36 ± 9.59 mm with pathologic values being generally larger than clinical values; pathologic and clinical measurements correlate well. T-stage disagreement is associated with histology, tumor grade, tumor size, N stage, patient age, periodic biases in tumor size measurements, and overuse of family T-stage categories. Pathologic measurement biases include rounding and specimen-slicing intervals. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and pathologic T-staging values agree only moderately. Pathologists face challenges in increasing the precision of gross tumor measurements, with the goal of improving the accuracy of clinical T staging and measurement.
Set–Valued Statistical Methods

We now present a summary of Set–Valued Statistical Methods as introduced by Li and Yen (1995). This method can be used to overcome the difficulty of determining pairwise comparisons for large universes.
Expressions and Operations

In this chapter you will deal with content-practice, teaching, and learning issues relevant to constructing and manipulating expressions from Grade 5 to Grade 8 and Algebra 1 of the CCSSM. Table 7.1 lists the specific domains and relevant content standards that are covered in this chapter.
The role of taurine in the central nervous system and the modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis.

The effects of taurine in the mammalian nervous system are numerous and varied. There has been great difficulty in determining the specific targets of taurine action. The authors present a review of accepted taurine action and highlight recent discoveries regarding taurine and calcium homeostasis in neurons. In general there is a consensus that taurine is a powerful agent in regulating and reducing the intracellular calcium levels in neurons. After prolonged L-glutamate stimulation, neurons lose the ability to effectively regulate intracellular calcium. This condition can lead to acute swelling and lysis of the cell, or culminate in apoptosis. Under these conditions, significant amounts of taurine (mM range) are released from the excited neuron. This extracellular taurine acts to slow the influx of calcium into the cytosol through both transmembrane ion transporters and intracellular storage pools. Two specific targets of taurine action are discussed: Na+-Ca2+ exchangers, and metabotropic receptors mediating phospholipase-C.
Product Induction in Pseudomonas acidovorans of a Permease System Which Transports l-Tryptophan

Growth of Pseudomonas acidovorans in the presence of l-tryptophan resulted in the appearance of a tryptophan transport system which was extremely sensitive to sodium azide or 2,4-dinitrophenol. Asparagine-grown cells possessed no detectable tryptophan “permease” activity. Substitution of l-kynurenine for l-tryptophan in the growth medium also induced the tryptophan permease activity, along with tryptophan oxygenase and kynurenine formamidase. This is the first reported example of the product induction of a permease activity. Irrespective of whether Pseudomonas cells are grown in the presence of d- or l-tryptophan, the resulting induced tryptophan permease activity is specific for the l-isomer. In addition, the radioactive compounds l-leucine, l-phenylalanine, or dl-5-hydroxytryptophan are not transported. When dl-5-fluorotryptophan is a component of the inducing medium (with l-tryptophan), induction of tryptophan permease activity, as well as tryptophan oxygenase, is inhibited. In the permease assay system, using normally induced cells, the fluoroanalogue inhibited strikingly tryptophan transport. Therefore, this analogue may inhibit induction by blocking inducer transport into the cell. When added to the l-tryptophan-inducing medium, dl-7-azatryptophan markedly enhanced induction of tryptophan oxygenase, but the level of tryptophan permease activity was not further elevated. The mechanism of this analogue is unclear at present. Invariant tryptophan permease activity levels are found in cells grown with 5 or 15 mml-tryptophan or 5 mml-kynurenine, whereas the respective tryptophan oxygenase levels are greatly different. Together with other results, these results indicate that the synthesis of tryptophan permease activity is not coordinate with that of tryptophan oxygenase. Tryptophan transport is strongly inhibited by l-formylkynurenine and by l-kynurenine. These two metabolites were prepared in radioactive form, and they are actively transported following bacterial growth on l-tryptophan or l-kynurenine. Preliminary results suggest the tryptophan permease activity may be distinct from the permease(s) activity for l-formylkynurenine and l-kynurenine. Kynurenine, then, is capable of inducing tryptophan permease and kynurenine permease activities.
Melatonin, light and chronobiological disorders.

Human plasma melatonin concentrations can be measured accurately and sensitively by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. With this assay, we have shown that: in rats and in humans, plasma melatonin is exclusively derived from the pineal gland; propranolol and clonidine reduce melatonin levels in human; some blind people appear to have free-running melatonin secretory circadian rhythms; bright light can acutely suppress human melatonin production according to a linear fluence-response relationship; manic-depressive patients appear to be supersensitive to light, even when they are well; melatonin levels are greater in manic patients than in depressed patients; in experiments to test the clock-gate model and the hypothesized phase-response curve, two different effects of light appear to present in humans: an acute suppressant effect (mainly in the evening during long photoperiods) and an entrainment effect (particularly during the morning but also in the evening). When blood is sampled for measuring melatonin levels as a marker for circadian phase position, bright light should be avoided after 5 p.m. (the dim light melatonin onset). Bright-light exposure in the morning appears to advance circadian rhythms, whereas bright-light exposure in the evening appears to delay them. Once a patient has been 'phase typed' (phase-advanced vs. phase-delayed), predictions can be made about whether morning or evening light would be more effective in treating the sleep or mood disorder.
Judge Wirk Confronts Mr. Hillmon: A Narrative Having Something to Do with the Law of Evidence

The hearsay exception codified in Federal Evidence Rule 803(3), Then existing mental, emotional or physical condition, has presented a number of difficult issues in its application, one of which pertains to out-of-court statements of intent offered into evidence to prove the collaborative actions of the declarant and another person. Substantial scholarship exists addressing this single issue. My own scholarship on this subject has spawned a friendly exchange with Professor Graham C. Lilly of the University of Virginia. This debate has most recently appeared in our respective treatises, Graham C. Lilly, An Introduction to the Law of Evidence (3rd ed. 1996), and Glen Weissenberger, Weissenberger's Federal Evidence (3rd ed. 1998). Professor Lilly's treatise aptly capsulizes the debate: Professor Glen Weissenberger has suggested an alternative analysis of those declarations of intention that necessarily involve the cooperative conduct of another person. The statement, "I am going to the theater with X tonight", involves, first, an intention of the declarant to take a future course of action, and second, an implied assertion that there was a prior arrangement by the declarant and X to go to the theater together. They had so to speak, made a date. It remains to be seen whether the courts will conclude that the backward-looking "implied" assertion was in fact an unintended assertion-in many contexts, it may not be. The enclosed manuscript addresses the issue of hearsay statements asserting an intent to engage in future action where the relevancy of the statement depends upon the cooperative conduct of a person other than the declarant. The article, however, is quite different from other scholarship on the subject. The centerpiece of the article is a story which has been carefully crafted to address the issue on several levels.
Transplant Graft Vasculopathy A Dark Side of Bone Marrow Stem Cells

“ He hibernates in this world, and feeds on his own marrow .” — Henry David Thoreau, “A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers: Sunday” (1849) In his essay, Thoreau was romanticizing the survival skills of a poet, but his words transcend time and, according to the article by Hu et al1 in the present issue of Circulation , can be used to anthropomorphize the “life” of an atherosclerotic plaque. Their data indicate that in addition to the therapeutic possibilities of bone marrow–derived cells, which have ignited multiple recent clinical trials, the marrow may also be the source of cells for plaque neovasculature that propels this pathological process forward. See p 3122 Since the 1960s, transplantation of solid organs has become an increasingly successful therapy for patients suffering from end-stage organ failure. The greatest strides have been made in the short-term results of organ transplantation, due in large part to the introduction of effective immunosuppressive agents. Despite these successes, however, transplantation remains limited as a long-term treatment, the lone exception being renal tranplantation.2 Chronic transplant dysfunction (CTD), which can be defined clinically as the progressive irreversible loss of graft function,3 is now recognized as the primary cause of allograft loss after the first year.4 CTD is associated with organ-specific histopathology but also features common histomorphological changes of vessels, most notably in kidney and heart transplants, a phenomenon that is referred to as transplant arteriosclerosis (TA).5 TA traditionally has been considered a chronic form of vascular rejection with concentric luminal narrowing accompanied by perivascular inflammation.6 The pathological findings include perivasculitis; endothelialitis; and infiltration of α-actin–positive vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, culminating in the progressive formation of a neointima.7 The common form of TA is concentric and generalized, in contrast to …
Influence of Mn Concentration on Magnetic Topological Insulator Mn x Bi 2− x Te 3 Thin-Film Hall-Effect Sensor

Hall effect sensors are used widely in areas including position sensing, DC current transformers, and fuel level indicator due to their low costs, high reliability, free of contact bounce, and immune to environmental contaminants [1]. However, the lower measuring accuracy and sensitivity comparing to fluxgate magnetometers limit their application. Improving the sensitivity becomes a crucial issue for Hall effect sensor. The key factor determining sensitivity of Hall effect sensor is high electron mobility. Therefore, GaAs and InAs are often used [2]. Recently, topological insulators (TIs) are discovered with an ultra-high surface conductivity [3]. Unlike normal semiconductor, TIs have gapless surface states, protected by time reversal symmetry, inside the bulk band gap, which prohibits the backscattering on non-magnetic impurities. The surface state of TIs can be broken by introducing magnetic impurities. Magnetic impurities lead to a small surface band gap which can induce phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect (AHE) [4]. All above features enable TIs suitable materials for developing Hall effect sensor with ultra-high sensitivity. In this work, we investigated the Hall effect sensor fabricated by Mn-doped Bi 2 Te 3 . AHE was found in Mn x Bi 2−x Te 3 material with high Mn concentration. The sensitivity of Mn x Bi 2−x Te 3 Hall effect sensor with different Mn concentration will be discussed.
Optical interconnection system using stacked thin film modulator and detector

Proposes a new optical connection system using thin film modulators and detectors on top of silicon VLSI chips. The advantage of this system is that the entire chip area could be dedicated to processor and memory circuits. Such a system could offer large bandwidth parallel communication channels for multiprocessors, based entirely on proven, compatible materials and processes and could be accomplished in near future. Thin film polymer etalon structures can be used as the modulators. The electrically stored information can be changed to optical information and then broadcast to receiving arrays. The amorphous silicon can be deposited on top of the silicon chip as a receiving array. The concept and important technical issues are discussed. The initial experimental results suggest that this new system is promising. >
Waterpipe tobacco smoking on a U.S. College campus: prevalence and correlates.

Abstract Purpose Waterpipe tobacco smoking is reported to be growing in popularity, particularly among college students. This study examined the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence and perceptions in a university-based population. Method This was a cross-sectional Internet-based survey of first-year university students, which examined waterpipe tobacco smoking and other tobacco use, risk perceptions, influences, and perceived social acceptability. Results Waterpipe tobacco smoking within the past 30 days was reported by 20% (151/744). Relative to never users, users were more likely to perceive waterpipe tobacco smoking as less harmful than cigarette use. Conclusions Because waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in prevalence and because it can involve toxicant inhalation at even greater levels than with cigarette smoking, it represents a growing public health issue.