cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial fish meal replacement by soy protein concentrate, squid and algal meals in low fish-oil diets containing Schizochytrium limacinum for longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana

Abstract Fish meal (FM) was partially replaced by soy protein concentrate (SPC), squid meal and a defatted algal meal from Haematococcus pluvialis in low-fish oil (FO) diets for longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana). A 50% protein/15% lipid, FM-based diet (FM100) was used as a Control, and four experimental diets were formulated replacing FM with SPC, squid and H. pluvialis meals at levels of 25% (FM75), 40% (FM60), 60% (FM40) and 80% (FM20). Dietary lipid was supplied by blends of FO, a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich algal meal from Schizochytrium limacinum, and canola oil. With exception of FM100, all diets were supplemented with methionine and lysine. Taurine was supplemented in all diets to achieve a dietary concentration of 1.5%. Diets were fed twice daily for nine weeks to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean weight 2.5 ± 0.1 g) kept in 1000-L circular tanks in a flow-through seawater system. The effects of diet treatment on fish growth, feed utilization, body proximate composition, nutrient retention, fillet fatty composition, and intestinal integrity were evaluated. Growth rate and feed conversion ratio of longfin yellowtail fed the SPC-algal diets were largely comparable to that of fish fed the FM100 diet. Small, but significant differences in nitrogen retention were observed, with fish fed the FM100 diet outperforming those fed the FM 40 and FM 20 diets. Lipid retention was highest in fish fed the FM20 diet and the lowest in the FM75 diet treatment. Fillet fatty acid profile reflected dietary composition and was altered by the level of FM replacement. Lower n − 3 and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) levels, higher n − 6 fatty acid levels, and reduced n − 3:n − 6 ratios were associated with increasing FM replacement. Incorporation of the S. limacinum meal partially attenuated dietary and tissue loss of DHA, however, EPA levels declined with increasing FM sparing. No major histological differences or signs of enteritis were observed in any dietary treatments. Results indicate that up to 80% of FM can be replaced by SPC and algal meal, even in low-FO diets, without significantly affecting performance or intestinal integrity of longfin yellowtail. Statement of relevance It is shown that FM can be substantially reduced using blends of SPC, squid and algal meals in diets for longfin yellowtail with no significant effect on fish growth and intestinal tissue integrity. The results contribute to the knowledge to improve the sustainability of aquafeeds by using blends of terrestrial and aquatic plant ingredients.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy With Mindfulness and Acceptance Skills for the Treatment of Older Adults

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapy approach for the treatment of depression in older adult populations. This article discusses an extension of CBT to include mindfulness and accept...
Optimal pricing and capacity sizing for the G I / G I / 1 queue

We consider how to jointly set the upfront, or static, price and capacity in order to maximize the steady-state expected profit in a G I / G I / 1 queue with a high rate of prospective customer arrivals. We show that the optimal price and service rate for the G I / G I / 1 queue are such that the system operates in heavy traffic. Then, since it is not possible to provide analytic expressions for the exact optimal price and service rate, we use the solution to an approximating (static) diffusion control problem to propose a price and service rate that we can prove is asymptotically optimal.
Fluorescence-Integrated Transmission Electron Microscopy Images

This chapter describes high-pressure freezing (HPF) techniques for correlative light and electron microscopy on the same sample. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is exploited for its ability to collect fluorescent, as well as transmitted and back scattered light (BSL) images at the same time. Fluorescent information from a whole mount (preembedding) or from thin sections (post-embedding) can be displayed as a color overlay on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Fluorescence-integrated TEM (F-TEM) images provide a fluorescent perspective to TEM images. The pre-embedding method uses a thin two-part agarose pad to immobilize live Caenorhabditis elegans embryos for LSCM, HPF, and TEM. Pre-embedding F-TEM images display fluorescent information collected from a whole mount of live embryos onto all thin sections collected from that sample. In contrast, the postembedding method uses HPF and freeze substitution with 1% paraformaldehyde in 95% ethanol followed by low-temperature embedding in methacrylate resin. This procedure preserves the structure and function of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as determined by immunogold labeling of GFP, when compared with GFP expression, both demonstrated in the same thin section.
Thyrotropin “receptors” in normal and neoplastic human thyroid tissue

lf a maximum binding occurred within 15 minutes at 4” and 37”C, pH 7.45, and remained stable for 5 hours. (3) Optimum binding occurred at pH 6.0. (4) Binding of tracer quantities of ““I-bTSH increased in a nearly linear fashion with increasing particulate protein concentrations up to 33 t.tg/ml. (5) Both a high and low aj%ity binding site were usually present in NT, A, and PC. (6) The maximal percentage of binding of tracer quantities of “‘I-bTSH (mean + SE) varied from experiment to experiment in both the normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue. Because of this variation, binding to neoplastic normal thyroid tissue always was compared with binding to adjacent histologically normal thyroid tissue removed from the same patient. The maximum percentage of binding of tracer quantities of “‘I-bTSH (mean + SE) in the particulate fraction (33 pg of protein/ml) in NT (15.7 + 2. I) was greater (P < 0.001) than in A (5.4 + 0.7). The maximum percentage of binding, although lower in NTfrom patients with thyroid cancer than in patients with thyroid adenomas, was comparable in NT (8.0 + 1.2), in PC (8.8 +- 1.8), and in MC (6.2 + 0.4). (7) The apparent a@& constants (Ka, and Ka,) for A and PC were similar to the apparent afini~ constants obtained with NT (8) Th e number of high afinity binding sites in the particulate fraction was greater (P < 0.025) in NT (4.72 ? 0.89 X IO”) than in A (0.55 z? 0.37 X 1O’l) but was comparable in NT and PC. Therefore, normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue appears to have specific TSH binding sites. This helps to explain why some tumors regress in patients given exogenous thyroid hormone and lends support to the notion that all patients with d$erentiated thyroid tumors should receive full replacement doses of thyroxine after thyroidectomy.
Wellness Issues for Higher Education : A Guide for Student Affairs and Higher Education Professionals

Preface * Introduction: A Wellness Mandate for Higher Education David S. Anderson SECTION I: EMOTIONAL WELLNESS * Stress Management: # Too Blessed to be Stressed Constance S. Boehm and Lance C. Kennedy-Phillips * Mental Health: Creating and Cultivating A Campus Community That Supports Mental Health Dori S. Hutchinson * Technology: The Challenging Role Technology Plays in the Lives of College Students Kevin Kruger SECTION II: SOCIAL WELLNESS * Relationship Health: Helping Students Thrive as They Relate to Others Bridget Guernsey Riordan * Sexual Decision-Making: Everyone's Doing It, Right? Joleen M. Nevers and Heather Eastman-Mueller * Alcohol: Reaching Students Through Education and Intervention Shannon K. Bailie, Jason R. Kilmer, and M. Dolores Cimini * Prescription and Illicit Drug Abuse: Changing the Narrative David S. Anderson and Tom Hall SECTION III: INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS * Study and Writing Skills: Fostering Students' Academic Development and Engagement Daniella Olibrice SECTION IV: PHYSICAL WELLNESS * Sleep: Enhancing Bedtime Performance Michael McNeil * Nutrition: Eating to Survive or Thrive Annann Hong * Exercise: Hey Millennial, It's Time to Get Physical! Linda A. Knight, Jennifer R. Fisher, and Parth K. Patel SECTION V: SPIRITUAL WELLNESS * Spiritual Development: Setting a Place at the Table for Spirituality Maria F. DiLorenzo
Abstract 2489: A phase II trial of poly-ICLC in the management of recurrent or progressive pediatric low grade gliomas

Low-grade astrocytomas and gliomas are the most common type of childhood brain tumor. Although children with low-grade gliomas often survive many years after conventional treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, there can be tremendous morbidity depending on the location of tumor and the effects of therapy. Newer forms of treatment with reduced side effects are much needed. We have designed a phase II trial to examine efficacy and safety of the biological response modifier poly-ICLC in children with low-grade gliomas, and to identify surrogate biomarkers for response to this agent. Poly-ICLC, a synthetic complex of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acid, stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethyl cellulose is a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is a ligand for the Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3), an important component of innate immunity. It has been shown to have direct antiviral and antineoplastic effects mediated by at least two interferon inducible nuclear enzyme systems of OAS and PKR. A previous Phase I/II trial of poly-ICLC conducted in pediatric patients with brain tumors (all histopathologic subtypes) suggested the low-grade glioma cohort had the best response to this therapy (50% PR rate). Additional clinical trials in adult patients have confirmed that the most responsive subgroup to poly-ICLC is low-grade glioma patients. We are currently conducting a multi-institutional phase II study of poly-ICLC administered at 20mcg/kg/dose intramuscularly twice weekly to children with recurrent or progressive low-grade gliomas. Simon9s two-stage design will be used for statistical analysis. The primary goal of this study is determine the radiographic response rate. We will also characterize toxicity and determine if surrogate markers of tumor response and progression can be identified in patient serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To date, 4 pediatric subjects (ages 2-15) with recurrent low-grade gliomas have enrolled in the study. Poly-ICLC therapy has been well tolerated and none of the subjects have shown radiologic or clinical progressive disease. These results suggest that poly-ICLC may have a beneficial role in children with low-grade gliomas while minimizing treatment side effects. We have begun analyzing blood and CSF samples to attempt biomarker identification and correlation with subject responses, in hopes to yield a basis towards stratification and personalized therapy with recurrent disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2489. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2489
Brain Injury with Sickle Cell Disease

The relationship between brain injury and vasculopathy in 146 sickle cell (SCD) patients with hemoglobin SS, the most serious form of SCD, was evaluated by MRI and MRA at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the higher categories of the new world bat family Phyllostomidae

A new classification of the higher taxonomic levels within the New World bat family Phyllostomidae is presented which designates evolutionary relationships, provides a phylogenetic framework upon which modifications can be made as new comparative data are produced, and resolves certain obvious unnatural taxa that exist in the traditional classification. This new classification is a synthesis of classical morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical data. Within the family three subfamilies, the Desmodontinae, Phyllostominae, and Vampyrinae are recognized. The Desmodontinae includes the three genera of vampires, the Vampyrinae includes Vampyrum, Trachops, and Chrotopterus, and the Phyllostominae contains three tribes, the Phyllostomini (including Phyllostomus, Tonatia, Mimon, Lonchorhina, and Macrophyllum), the Glos- sophagini (including genera of the previously recognized Glossophaginae and Brachyphyllinae), and Stenodermatini (including genera of the previously recognized Stenodermatinae and Car- olliinae). Two genera (Macrotus and Micronycteris), do not share synapomorphies with any of these subfamilies, but have retained a large number of plesiomorphic features and are placed as incertae sedis. (Classification; phylogenetic reconstruction; Phyllostomidae.)
Cyfluthrin Applied with and without Piperonyl Butoxide and Piperonyl Butoxide Plus Chlorpyrifos-Methyl for Protection of Stored Wheat

Soft red winter wheat treated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, all rates + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide, and all rates with piperonyl butoxide + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl was stored for 10 mo at ambient conditions in southern Georgia. Samples of wheat were bioassayed with lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), every 2 mo. Lesser grain borer survival on wheat treated with cyfluthrin alone ranged from 0-37.0%, whereas survival in the cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide and cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + chlorpyrifos-methyl combinations ranged from 0 to 16.0%. No F1 adults or ground flour (dockage) was present in incubated samples. Rice weevil survival on wheat treated with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm cyfluthrin steadily increased to a maximum of 94.5 and 43.5%, respectively, after 10 mo. Survival was reduced on wheat treated with 1.5 and 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, and beetles did not survive in the piperonyl butoxide-chlorpyrifos-methyl combinations. The number of F1 rice weevils and the amount of dockage were greatest in the two lowest rates of cyfluthrin. F1 adults and dockage weight were positively correlated with initial.
Coupling Thermo-Mechanical Analysis on Strength of Case in Solid Rocket Motor

To investigate the temperature,stress and strain condition of missile case flying at certain altitude,and examine the structural strength of case,the aerodynamic heating computational method of missile case was studied.Aerodynamic heating boundary condition was simplified,and the 3D finite element model was established to compute the temperature changes of case along with the missile flight time.The computational results agree well with the wind tunnel test results.The coupling thermo-mechanical computation method in ABAQUS was analyzed,external loads were exerted to this model according to different time,and the coupling thermo-mechanical numerical analysis was realized.The coupled thermo-mechanical loading test was carried out.The computational results agreed well with the test results.Both strain and stress are smaller than the ultimate value.This finite element computational method may be applied to the coupling thermo-mechanical intensity analysis of the case in Solid Rocket Motor.
Humanized monoclonal antibody DREG-200 directed against I-selectin protects in feline myocardial reperfusion injury.

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (i.e. neutrophils) significantly mediate damage in myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion. In the present study, the cardioprotective effects of a humanized form of a monoclonal antibody directed against L-selectin designated monoclonal antibody (mAb) HuDREG-200 were examined in a feline model of 90-min myocardial ischemia followed by 270 min of reperfusion. In preliminary studies, flow cytometric analysis indicated that HuDREG-200 binds to feline neutrophils. In vitro administration of mAb HuDREG-200 significantly inhibited (P < .01) adherence of unstimulated neutrophils to ischemic-reperfused coronary endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner. Humanized DREG-200 (2 mg/kg) administered 10 min before reperfusion significantly attenuated myocardial necrosis compared to an isotype-matched humanized control mAb (HuABL364) which does not bind to L-selectin (14 +/- 3 vs. 29 +/- 3% necrosis/area-at-risk, P < .01), representing a 52% reduction in myocardial necrosis. This myocardial preservation also was related to reduced creatine kinase release and improved recovery of cardiac contractility (i.e. left ventricular dP/dtmax). Moreover, endothelial function, as assessed by relaxation to acetylcholine, also was significantly preserved in ischemic-reperfused coronary arteries isolated from cats treated with mAb HuDREG-200 compared to mAb HuABL364 (68 +/- 6 vs. 18 +/- 5, P < .01). Thus, a humanized anti-L-selectin mAb appears to be an effective means of preserving the ischemic myocardium from reperfusion injury and of preserving myocardial contractile function, at least during the early reperfusion period.
René Dubos, Friend of the Good Earth: Microbiologist, Medical Scientist, Environmentalist

Rene Dubos, Friend of the Good Earth: Microbiologist, Medical Scientist, Environmentalist is a biography of one of the most influential scientists in recent history. Documenting his life from his birth in 1901 to his death in 1982, this book examines the intriguing career of Dubos and his tremendous impact on science, medicine, society, and the environment. Dubos' science is presented in the context of 20th century biology, medicine, and ecology. The ecological approach that led to his discovery of the first antibiotic was the foundation for his career as a medical scientist and environmentalist. The issues he raised, including antibiotic resistance, the interrelatedness of environmental health to human health, and the potential danger of relying too heavily on vaccines and drugs to eradicate disease, continue to be provocative and increasingly relevant today. A prolific author and a passionate humanist, Dubos served as the conscience of the environmental movement and coined the popular motto “Think Globally, Act Locally.” A balance of scientific and personal history, Rene Dubos, Friend of the Good Earth will engage a wide range of readers including biologists, medical scientists, bioethicists, physicians, ecologists, environmentalists, policymakers, historians, and general readers. Hardcover, 260 pages, illustrations, index.
Understanding patient experiences with scarring alopecia: a qualitative study with management implications

Introduction: Alopecia can have a significant negative impact on patient’s lives. The objective of this study is to describe some of the emotional and psychological challenges that affect women wit...
The virtual web-based supply chain

The virtual Web-based supply chain is emerging as a new form of industrial organization. This paper discusses the concept as a juncture of three forces: the virtual organization, Web-based communication and the application service provider (ASP). The virtual organization is a familiar concept in many industries, even without electronic connections. Web-based communication provides access and networks with new institutions. The ASP makes rapid change and flexible connections feasible. Together they establish focus, flexibility and rapid response to change in demand and customer requirements. Casting it in a strategic framework of structure, process and organization provides a basis for projecting its future.
Comment on “Unraveling Photoinduced Spin Dynamics in the Topological Insulator Bi 2 Se 3 ”

Comment on a recent paper published in Physical Review Letters by M. C. Wang, S. Qiao, Z. Jiang, S. N. Luo, and J. Qi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 036601 (2016), arXiv:1511.02994v2].
Federal Advisory Committees, Interest Groups, and the Administrative State

AbstractThe current system of federal advisory committees in the United States is both extensive and expanding. While there are significant differences between specific advisory bodies regarding their constitution, construction, and role in the process of public policy-making, the system itself facilitates the permanent institutionalization of linkages and dependencies between interest associations and federal administrative agencies. Indeed, it moves the role of pressure group influence on the policy-making process from that of a suspect input to that of a welcome withinput. Utilizing data derived from advisory committee compliance with the 1972 Federal Advisory Committee Act and selected case study material this article begins the process of exploring how the system functions, who participates in it, what impact it has on the development and formation of public policy, and who are its ultimate beneficiaries. It concludes by developing a framework for the assessment of potential advisory committee power ...
Covariant Hamiltonian tetrad approach to numerical relativity

A Hamiltonian approach to the equations of general relativity is proposed using the powerful mathematical language of multivector-valued differential forms. In the approach, the gravitational coordinates are the 12 spatial components of the line interval (the vierbein) including their antisymmetric parts, and their 12 conjugate momenta. A feature of the proposed formalism is that it allows Lorentz gauge freedoms to be imposed on the Lorentz connections rather than on the vierbein, which may facilitate numerical integration in some challenging problems. The 40 Hamilton's equations comprise 12 + 12 = 24 equations of motion, 10 constraint equations (first class constraints, which must be arranged on the initial hypersurface of constant time, but which are guaranteed thereafter by conservation laws), and 6 identities (second class constraints). The 6 identities define a trace-free spatial tensor that is the gravitational analog of the magnetic field of electromagnetism. If the gravitational magnetic field is promoted to an independent field satisfying its own equation of motion, then the system becomes the WEBB system, which is known to be strongly hyperbolic. Some other approaches, including ADM, BSSN, WEBB, and Loop Quantum Gravity, are translated into the language of multivector-valued forms, bringing out their underlying mathematical structure.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Cribriform Morphology on Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy Correlated with Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

Purpose: Recently a large body of evidence has emerged indicating that cribriform morphology is an aggressive prostate cancer morphological pattern associated with higher cancer specific mortality. In a comprehensive analysis we compared traditional and contemporary prostate biopsy techniques to detect prostate cancer with cribriform morphology with radical prostatectomy serving as the reference standard.Materials and Methods: We queried a retrospectively maintained, single institution, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging database of 1,001 patients to identify 240 who underwent magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy and concurrent systematic biopsy from December 2014 to December 2016. Of the 3,978 biopsy cores obtained 694 positive cores were rereviewed by a genitourinary pathologist for pattern 4 subtype (cribriform, fused and poorly formed glands). Using paired analysis pathological results among 3 biopsy methods (systematic biopsy, targeted biopsy and systematic plus target...
Disease-specific hashtags and the creation of Twitter medical communities in hematology and oncology

Twitter is being increasingly used for information gathering and dissemination of ideas in both medical practice and scientific research. A major limitation to its use has been the surplus of available information and difficulty in categorizing that information into topics of individual interest. However, a Twitter feature known as the hashtag (#), which denotes a specific category or topic, helps in streamlining this wealth of information. The creation and adoption of disease-specific hashtags by healthcare stakeholders has led to a greater uniformity of medical discussions that can be retrieved and referenced at later time-points. As new disease-specific hashtags are created for hematologic and oncologic diseases, more users can connect across the world, even for the rarest of cancer subtypes. A major challenge for this emerging application will be the development of specific and easily identifiable hashtags over time to add more clarity, while still trying to grow Twitter users and expand its reach.
Incaísmo y legitimación de la “Nación” americana en el diálogo entre Atahualpa y Fernando VII en los Campos Elíseos

El Dialogo entre Atahualpa y Fernando VII en los Campos Eliseos [1809] de Bernardo Monteagudo reclama la independencia americana del dominio espanol. Su claridad y radicalidad no derivan de un criterio teleologico de pensar y construir la “nacion” como algo completamente elaborado desde los inicios de los movimientos independentistas. Al contrario, el Dialogo es fruto de las experiencias historicas y la construccion simbolica de una nueva identidad propuesta por el incaismo que se consolido a fines del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, como la primera doctrina politica emancipadora de alcance continental. El incaismo tenia una recepcion favorable en distintos sectores sometidos a la dominacion espanola. Para las masas indigenas (y populares) representaba la oportunidad de una redencion racial. Y, para los letrados —a traves de la lectura e interpretacion de Comentarios reales de los incas— ofrecia la posibilidad de “retornar” y construir una “nacion” americana actualizando la tradicion incaica con la ilustracion europea.
Optimizing the first-line fertility treatment.

The objective of this study was to identify sperm score thresholds to achieve satisfactory intrauterine insemination (IUI) success rates according to the response to stimulation with clomiphene citrate (CC). To minimize the confounding effect of female age, we included only CC/IUI cycles of women ≤35 years old. A total of 1,194 CC/IUI cycles were included. Semen volume, concentration, and motility influenced the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). Normal morphology (≥4%) was associated with a comparable CPR with 3%, 2%, and 1% normal forms (15.6%, 16.1%, 18.1%, and 13.1%, respectively). A combination of the total number of motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate before semen preparation (TM) at a threshold ≥20 × 106 was associated with a CPR of 17.8% compared to 4.6% for a threshold <20 × 106 (p < .001). Interestingly, the TM threshold to achieve satisfactory outcomes was lower (10 × 106) in patients who had an optimal response to CC (≥2 dominant follicles with an endometrial thickness ≥7 mm) compared to 40 × 106 for those who had a suboptimal response (one dominant follicle with an endometrial thickness <7 mm). In conclusion, the response to superovulation with CC determines each patient's TM threshold required for satisfactory outcomes. Couples whose TM is below the threshold may benefit from a superovulation with gonadotropins or in vitro fertilization.
Conception of an integrated flowsheet for rare earth elements recovery from coal coarse refuse

Abstract The majority of rare earth elements (REEs) existing in the feed to coal preparation plants report to the coarse refuse streams which are transported for permanent storage in contained piles. In this study, an integrated flowsheet was developed based on laboratory test data which combines physical separation, pyrite bio-oxidization, heap leaching, selective precipitation and solvent extraction processes. The test data was obtained from (1) characterization of a number of natural leachate and solid samples collected from different preparation plants which process coals from a number of coal seams and (2) laboratory acid leaching and selective precipitation tests results. The highly-valued critical REEs (i.e., Y, Nd, Eu, Tb and Dy) were selectively leached from the refuse samples in the natural environment due to the acid generated by pyrite oxidization. The leachate samples were evaporated to remove water and obtain residual solids (i.e., dissolved solids in the leachates). The total REE content in the dissolved solids from a given leachate sample was 380 ppm, which was higher than the REE content of the coarse refuse material that generated the leachate (322 ppm). Acid leaching tests recovered as much as 80% of the total REEs from the coarse refuse samples using a 1.2 M sulfuric acid solution. Afterwards, the pH of the leachate was increased in a step-wise fashion which resulted in the production of precipitates containing 0.3–1.1% total REEs. A significant amount of contaminants, such as Fe, Al, and Ca, were eliminated in the sequential precipitation process, which allowed further upgrading using oxalic acid precipitation and/or solvent extraction. In the proposed flowsheet, the coarse refuse is arranged in heap leach pads and the acid needed for REE leaching is primarily produced from pyrite bio-oxidization, which enhances the selectivity of REE recovery and significantly reduces the cost. The successful application of the flowsheet would result in significant benefits to both the coal and rare earth industries.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF LEU- AND MET-ENKEPHALIN ON NARCOTIC-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF NALOXONE EFFICACY

Summary In superfusion experiments in vitro , facilitation of naloxone-releasable morphine was observed with slices of corpus striatum which were obtained from mice pretreated in vivo with 20 mg/kg leu-enkephalin (LE) i.p. 15 min before sacrifice. Preincubation of striatal slices for 15 min with LE in vitro at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 0.1 pM also enhanced the morphine-releasing effect of naloxone. Met-enkephal in pretreatment (ME) did not exhibit any of the above effects. Simultaneous incubation of an equimolar concentration of naloxone blocked this enhancing effect of leu-enkephalin. Prior incubation with LE did not influence naltrexone-releasable 3H-naltrexone but markedly enhanced morphine-releasable 3H-naltrexone and morphine-or levorphanol-releasable 3H-morphine. We suggest that the apparent increase in naloxone efficacy is mediated by narcotic agonists and LE potentiates this effect. Similar effects by LE on the narcotic-induced enhancement of naloxone efficacy were observed in vivo .
Environmental Stress and Health

In this chapter, we critically review the health effects of environmental stressors. To keep the scope of this discussion manageable, we limit our domain in several ways. First, although we will consider the health effects of crowding and air pollution, emphasis will be placed on the noise literature. Second, because possible effects on the cardiovascular system have been among the most widely studied health consequences (particularly with respect to noise), these effects will receive the most attention here. Third, the review will be selective, rather than exhaustive, emphasizing major trends in the literature. Intensive reviews of the particular health effects of individual stressors such as noise, crowding, air pollution, and heat can be found in other sources (Cohen & Weinstein, 1982; Evans, 1982; Evans & Cohen, in press; USEPA, 1980, 1981).
Implementation of mixed precision in solving systems of linear equations on the Cell processor: Research Articles

This paper describes the design concepts behind implementations of mixed-precision linear algebra routines targeted for the Cell processor. It describes in detail the implementation of code to solve linear system of equations using Gaussian elimination in single precision with iterative refinement of the solution to the full double-precision accuracy. By utilizing this approach the algorithm achieves close to an order of magnitude higher performance on the Cell processor than the performance offered by the standard double-precision algorithm. The code is effectively an implementation of the high-performance LINPACK benchmark, as it meets all of the requirements concerning the problem being solved and the numerical properties of the solution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacogenomic Considerations in the Biology and Treatment of Childhood Leukemia

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics refer to the study of the genetic basis for variation in drug response. Pharmacogenomics agnostically surveys the entire genome for genetic factors affecting response to medication, while pharmacogenetics primarily focuses on a handful of genomic loci based on prior knowledge. Still rapidly evolving, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have already significantly changed many fields of medicine. Thus, genetic variation has been implicated in drug efficacy (e.g., CYP2D6 and tamoxifen in breast cancer [Hoskins et al. 2009], CYP2C19 and clopidogrel in platelet aggregation [Shuldiner et al. 2009; Simon et al. 2009]), and toxicity (e.g., TPMT and 6-mercaptopurine-related myelosuppression (Relling et al. 1999b), CYP2C9 and warfarin-induced bleeding (International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics et al. 2009), HLA-B*5701 and flucloxacillin-induced liver damage (Daly et al. 2009).
Rethinking belady's algorithm to accommodate prefetching

This paper shows that in the presence of data prefetchers, cache replacement policies are faced with a large unexplored design space. In particular, we observe that while Belady's MIN algorithm minimizes the total number of cache misses---including those for prefetched lines---it does not minimize the number of demand misses. To address this shortcoming, we introduce Demand-MIN, a variant of Belady's algorithm that minimizes the number of demand misses at the cost of increased prefetcher traffic. Together, MIN and Demand-MIN define the boundaries of an important design space, with many intermediate points lying between them. To reason about this design space, we introduce a simple conceptual framework, which we use to define a new cache replacement policy called Harmony. Our empirical evaluation shows that for a mix of SPEC 2006 benchmarks running on a 4-core system with a stride prefetcher, Harmony improves IPC by 7.7% over an LRU baseline, compared to 3.7% for the previous state-of-the-art. On an 8-core system, Harmony improves IPC by 9.4% compared to 4.4% for the previous state-of-the-art.
The Difluoromethyl Group as a Masked Nucleophile: A Lewis Acid/Base Approach

The difluoromethyl group (R-CF2H) imparts desirable pharmacokinetic properties to drug molecules and is commonly targeted as a terminal functional group that is not amenable to further modification. Deprotonation of widely available Ar-CF2H starting materials to expose nucleophilic Ar-CF2- synthons represents an unexplored, yet promising route to construct benzylic Ar-CF2-R linkages. Here we show that the combination of a Bronsted superbase with a weak Lewis acid enables deprotonation of Ar-CF2H groups and capture of reactive Ar-CF2- fragments. This route provides access to isolable and reactive Ar-CF2- synthons that react with a broad array of electrophiles at room temperature. The methodology is highly general in both electrophile and difluoromethyl (hetero)arene and can be applied directly to the synthesis of benzylic difluoromethylene (Ar-CF2-R) linkages, which are useful lipophilic and metabolically resistant replacements for benzylic linkages in medicinal chemistry.
Hydroentanglement of polymer nonwovens. 1: Experimental and theoretical/numerical framework

Abstract Hydroentanglement is a versatile and important process used to form highly entangled nonwoven materials comprised of polymer fibers. It is a key element of polymer processing in the world, with the nonwovens market worth of tens of billions of the US dollars. No fundamental theoretical models of hydroentanglement were available so far, even though such modeling is required to facilitate the entirely empirical efforts to optimize the process. No model experiments on hydroentanglement aiming at its underlying physics were conducted either. These challenging problems are in focus in the present work. A model experiment is conducted and a quasi-one-dimensional model of individual polymer fibers is proposed and implemented for a number of fibers subjected to water jets impacting as a curtain normally to the nonwoven surface and undergoing filtration motion in the inter-fiber pores. The nonwoven is assumed to be located on a moving substrate with water suction through it. The model allows for a number of two-dimensional water jets and a number of suction ports in the substrate. The quasi-one-dimensional model allows for the three-dimensional motion of individual viscoelastic polymer fibers and the fiber-fiber interaction, which makes them non-self-intersecting. Then, the governing quasi-one-dimensional equations of fiber motion are discretized and solved numerically by using a discrete element method with mesh refinement of the Lagrangian mesh during the time marching. Using the developed code, several basic model problems were solved. Specifically, the behavior of several viscoelastic polymer fibers under the action of water jets with and without fiber-fiber interaction is described. Accordingly, a quantitative measure of the fiber-fiber entanglement is introduced based on the observed morphologies in the accompanying second part of this work.
Vocal repertoire of captive northern and southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus and G. volans)

Studies determining and categorizing ultrasonic calls in mammals have generally been limited to laboratory experiments with mice and rats or field research on bats. However, recent studies have discovered high-frequency sounds in several mammalian taxa. We describe the vocal repertoire of high-frequency calls in two species of North American flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus and G. volans). We collected passive recordings from captive colonies of G. sabrinus and G. volans to generate a library of calls for each species. Using visual and auditory assessments, as well as quantitative measurements (i.e., spectral and temporal characteristics), we identified 10 specific call-types for G. sabrinus and 27 specific call-types for G. volans. The most common call-types emitted by G. sabrinus included arc chirps, tonal chirps, two-toned chirps, trills, and upsweeps; and for G. volans included arc chirps, barks, descending crows, tonal chirps, and trills. Additionally, we recorded two call-types made by G. volans juveniles: trills and tonal chirps. Most call-types emitted by G. sabrinus were also emitted by G. volans, showing overlap in the repertoire of both species, although variation between species is evident in certain call-types. We also found both species displayed evidence of frequency alteration (i.e., modification of the frequency of one squirrel's call when simultaneously calling with another squirrel using similar call-types). Our call library demonstrates a complex vocal range of tonal and frequency-modulated calls emitted by both species. Acoustic detection of North American flying squirrels is a new monitoring technique that can be used for conservation and management purposes. Differences in the trills, tonal chirps, and arc chirps provide a means to distinguish calls between these species. Increasing understanding of behavior associated with vocalizations may provide a more complete understanding of flying squirrel ecology, including intra- and interspecific interactions.
Leveling the Field: Flipped Instruction as a Tool for Promoting Equity in General Chemistry.

Traditionally underserved students (TUSs), including Black, Latinx, American Native, and low-socioeconomic (SES) students, have higher rates of departure from STEM undergraduate programs than their...
Ossification of the Proximal and Middle Phalangeal Condyles: A Radiographic Aid for Phalangeal Neck Fracture Reduction

Purpose Phalangeal neck fractures most commonly displace dorsally and surgical treatment is often necessary to restore the retrocondylar recess. The purpose of this study was to determine if radiographic landmarks can serve as a reference tool for assessing phalangeal neck fracture alignment based on age and sex. Methods 1,061 lateral finger radiographs that were interpreted as ‘normal’ by pediatric radiologists in children aged 1 to 18 years were retrospectively reviewed. The proximal and middle phalanges …
Sociology and philosophy in the United States since the sixties: Death and resurrection of a folk action obstacle

This article uses participant objectivation in sociology and philosophy as two knowledge fields to provide a reflexive comparison of their synced field effect in historical circumstances. Drawing on the philosopher and historian of science Gaston Bachelard, I theorize fielded knowledge as a social relation that combines the prior presence of folk knowledge with a socioanalytic exchange between field and folk that includes positions of either defense, replacement or critique. A comparison of post-Wittgenstein Anglophone philosophy and post-sixties American sociology describes their mutual confrontation with folk psychology as an “epistemological obstacle” that generates a remarkable concern with action as a position-taking on the folk relation. A reflexive objectivation of folk knowledge is therefore necessary for a revised understanding of action that correlates with the distinction of sociology’s knowledge capital and how it fares as an explanatory resource in competitive circumstances. The article concludes by leveraging the synced field effect even further to make a recommendation that sociologists can increase the distinction of their knowledge capital by producing discourse that can recognize, legitimate and officialize experiences that otherwise remain obscure, nameless or impossible within the bounded universe of folk psychology.
Origin of the large interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in MgO / Co 2 FeAl

Interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the $\mathrm{MgO}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{FeAl}$ heterostructure is desired for technological applications, while the origin of the large interfacial anisotropy constant ${K}_{i}$ remains controversial. Here we show that, by modeling four types of interface models for the $\mathrm{MgO}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{FeAl}$ system using first-principles calculations, the $\mathrm{MgO}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}$ interface is energetically more favorable than the MgO/FeAl interface and the interfacial Co atoms at the former interface produce out-of-plane ${K}_{i}$, while the interfacial Fe atoms at the latter interface produce in-plane ${K}_{i}$. The origin of these different behaviors can be explained by the atomic-resolved and orbital-resolved ${K}_{i}$ along with the perturbation theory energy analysis. In addition, we also studied the influence of 26 capping layers on the interfacial magnetic anisotropy of $\mathrm{MgO}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{FeAl}$ and found that Fe and W capping can significantly enhance ${K}_{i}$ in the $\mathrm{MgO}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{FeAl}$ with a particularly large ${K}_{i}$ of $4.90\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ in the W-capped model. This work clarifies the atomistic origin of the interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and provides guidance to further enhance interfacial ${K}_{i}$ by adding capping layers in the $\mathrm{MgO}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{FeAl}$.
Sporangiospore Viability and Oospore Production in the Spinach Downy Mildew Pathogen, Peronospora effusa.

Downy mildew of spinach, caused by the obligate pathogen Peronospora effusa, remains the most important constraint in the major spinach production areas in the United States. This disease can poten...
15 – Structural Isomerizations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the feature of structural isomerizations. Structural isomerizations incorporate a variety of reagents and procedures from acid catalysts to photolysis. The rearrangement of certain saturated hydrocarbons under the influence of Lewis acids has been known for some time. Cyclohexane, for example, is converted into a mixture of hydrocarbons including methylcyclopentane. The chapter describes that the readily prepared 1-ethynylcyclohexanol can be isomerized with acidic catalysts into 1-acetylcyclohexene, a compound of considerable use in the building up of polycyclic molecules. The chapter presents Schleyer's synthesis as well as a modification wherein the product is isolated by a thiourea inclusion complex. Photolytic reactions of dienes frequently give complex mixtures of rearranged products. Certain β-diketones react in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to give rearranged carboxylic acids. The chapter explains that the treatment of 1, 1-dihalocyclopropanes by methyllithium is a general route to allenes, in the condition that the product is not highly strained.
'Christian Traditions, Culture, and Law': An Update and a Few Reflections

Using Richard Niebuhr’s description of Christian approaches to culture, this Article examines the way Christians approach law, focusing on developments over the last 20 years. During that time, synthesists have continued to develop natural law, seeking an understanding of law based on shared human goods and reason, an approach that can generate a common approach among people of all faiths and no faith. Conversionists, including those on both the political left and right, argue for changes in law that will reflect Christian understandings of the good. Separatists (including many former conversionists) argue that American culture and law have become so corrupt, materialistic, and hedonistic that Christians should withdraw from public life and focus on developing faithful communities that might be a witness to the world. Dualists argue that though influence in the world requires compromise, Christians should seek positions of leadership and do what they can for the common good. Culturalists have come to reflect the surrounding culture rather than witness to it. During this time, some cultural and political leaders have sought to push Christians from models that seek to influence culture (synthesist and conversionist) into models that do not (separatist, dualist, and culturalist).
Using drone imagery analysis in rare plant demographic studies

Abstract For plant species of conservation concern, knowledge of changes in abundance through time is a minimum requirement for informed management. This information is usually acquired through on-the-ground monitoring, which entails counting individuals in defined areas over multiple years. Demographic studies, which involve tracking individual plants through time, are usually carried out at limited spatial scales and over shorter time frames than monitoring, but are more useful to management. In this study we explored the use of drone (UAV or unmanned aerial vehicle) imagery analysis as a tool for collecting demographic data for dwarf bear poppy (Arctomecon humilis), an endangered species restricted to gypsum outcrops in the northeastern Mojave Desert, USA. We obtained imagery at 15 m altitude during peak flowering at four populations in spring 2019. Each poppy plant in the imagery was georeferenced, measured and scored for flowering. To estimate reproductive output, we developed independent data sets relating plant diameter to flower number, then sampled to determine mean fruit set per flower and seeds per fruit. We used these relationships along with plant diameter and reproductive status for each plant in the drone imagery to estimate seed rain on an area basis across nine 0.6 ha demography plots at each population. This method enabled us to collect demographic data on >3,000 plants, including estimated production of ca. 3.7 million seeds, across >20 ha of habitat. We also analyzed imagery acquired in both 2018 and 2019 at two of the four populations and quantified recruitment, growth, and mortality of individual georeferenced plants. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the utility of drone imagery analysis in plant demographic studies. The method is most applicable for non-clonal perennial species with distinctive morphology that occur in habitats with low vegetative cover.