cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poly(A) Tail Length Control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Occurs by Message-Specific Deadenylation

We report that newly synthesized mRNA poly(A) tails are matured to precise lengths by the Pab1p-dependent poly(A) nuclease (PAN) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These results provide evidence for an initial phase of mRNA deadenylation that is required for poly(A) tail length control. In RNA 3'-end processing extracts lacking PAN, transcripts are polyadenylated to lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides. By contrast, in extracts containing PAN, transcripts were produced with the expected wild-type poly(A) tail lengths of 60 to 80 nucleotides. The role for PAN in poly(A) tail length control in vivo was confirmed by the finding that mRNAs are produced with longer poly(A) tails in PAN-deficient yeast strains. Interestingly, wild-type yeast strains were found to produce transcripts which varied in their maximal poly(A) tail length, and this message-specific length control was lost in PAN-deficient strains. Our data support a model whereby mRNAs are polyadenylated by the 3'-end processing machinery with a long tail, possibly of default length, and then in a PAN-dependent manner, the poly(A) tails are rapidly matured to a message-specific length. The ability to control the length of the poly(A) tail for newly expressed mRNAs has the potential to be an important posttranscriptional regulatory step in gene expression.
Mineralogy of the Silt Fraction in Surficial Sediments from the Outer Continental Shelf Off Southeastern New England

ABSTRACT Mineralogical studies of the silt fraction have been made on surficial sediments from the U.S. North Atlantic outer continental shelf off southeastern New England. The silt-sized heavy mineral assemblage, which is predominantly detrital, has been concentrated in this fraction by hydraulic factors and ranges between 11.8 wt. % of the silt fraction in the sandy sediments near Georges Bank to 3.4% in the clayey silt deposit south of Martha's Vineyard. By contrast, the sand fraction averages only 1.5% heavy minerals. Corundum and the rutile + leucoxene + brookite + anatase, epidote, and apatite + monazite + vivianite groups are relatively enriched in the silt fraction, whereas the amphibole and garnet + staurolite groups are relatively concentrated in the sand fraction. "Opaque" minerals verage 27.8% ilmenite, 4.8% magnetite + hematite + goethite + siderite, 1.6% ferromanganese-coated grains, and 0.9% pyrite of the silt-sized heavy mineral fraction. Lateral variability within the silt-sized heavy mineral assemblage is considerable. Zircon and ilmenite abundances progressively decrease from east to west on the continental shelf off southeastern New England. Conversely, abundances within the amphibole and the epidote groups increase from east to west. Quartz dominates the light mineral + layered silicate fraction, where it averages 70.3%. The K-feldspar/plagioclase ratios and glauconite + mica/chlorite ratios average 0.38 and 2.61, respectively. The layered silicates are concentrated in the finer-grained sediments. Although the heavy mineral assemblage is ultimately a function of provenance, the spatial trends observed in the heavy mineral populations are due primarily to sorting that is associated with westwardly-flowing bottom cu rents and are related to the specific gravity and the characteristic size of the mineral grains. Elevated concentrations of titanium in the silty sands south of Nantucket Shoals are related to the abundances of ilmenite, sphene, and the TiO2 group minerals and average 0.67 wt. % of the bulk sediment. This deposit may constitute an exploitable resource.
Fine-Structure Analysis of Intercellular and Intracellular Mitochondrial Diversity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Crosses were made between haploid wild-type and suppressive petite strains of bakers' yeast to obtain zygotes for analysis of mitochondrial heterogeneity. Wild-type × petite zygotes contained about 40% noncristate mitochondria when immediate mating mixtures were examined. The frequency of defective mitochondria had decreased to an average of 9.2% in 1-week-old zygote isolate cultures, and to 4.4% in slant cultures 1.5 years after initial zygote isolation. The latter value was not significantly different from values obtained with wild × wild zygotes of either age. The noncristate mitochondria were of two types: one lacking inner membrane invaginations or elaborations and the other containing concentrically arranged loops of inner membrane. The significance of these two types of respiration-deficient mitochondria is unknown. The gradual decrease in frequency of noncristate mitochondria, perhaps due to selection pressures in mixed chondriomes, was discussed as a further indication of the semiautonomous nature of the yeast organelle.
Firing and Hiring of Managers: Does Efficiency Matter?

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to create a measure of managerial efficiency in an attempt to reassess the conflicting theories concerning the impact of organizational performance on managerial firings, and the counter-theories concerning the impact of manager hirings on organizational performance. The analysis uses data for 147 college basketball teams from 1984–1991. The results indicate that winning, not efficiency, is the key criterion used in determining managerial retention. Yet, when managers of losing teams are dismissed, the teams tend to do even worse. However, if the efficiency of the new manager is greater than that of the former, the disruptive effect of succession is minimized. Because administrators appear to focus on winning not efficiency, they will often select new managers that are less efficient than departed managers. These results are unique to this literature and indicate promise for the use of DEA in analyses of the internal efficiencies of organizations.
TRANSLATING ENGLISH INTO LOGICAL FORM

A scheme for syntax-directed translation that mirrors compositional model-theoretic semantics is discussed. The scheme is the basis for an English translation system called PATR and was used to specify a semantically interesting fragment of English, including such constructs as tense, aspect, modals, and various lexically controlled verb complement structures. PATR was embedded in a question-answering system that replied appropriately to questions requiring the computation of logical entailments.
Robust construction of radial basis function networks for classification

A neural network, based on robust construction of locally tuned radial basis functions (RBFs), is proposed to design a pattern classifier. A one-class one-network classification scheme is used to improve the data separation. A data sphering technique is applied to the raw training data for each class to decorrelate/normalize the data and to remove the potential outliers. The generalized Lloyd vector quantization clustering (LBG) algorithm with centroid splitting is applied on the sphered data to determine the centers and the diagonal covariance matrices of the Gaussian kernels. Better performance is achieved by the authors' proposed method compared to an existing RBF construction method on artificial data. Favorable simulation results are achieved using the technique compared to other neural networks in classifying the Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) remote sensing data. >
Sexual Morality and the Constitution: People V. Onofre

The New York Court of Appeals decision in People v. Onofre, 51 N.Y.2d 476 (1980), addressed the issue of prohibitions on private consensual, sodomatic conduct, both hetro- and homosexual. The Court of Appeals made history because it was the first judicial victory for advocates of sexual freedom for homosexuals in a case where homosexual acts were directly at issue.This article examines the doctrinal origins of the New York Court of Appeals’ concepts of sexual privacy, equal protection and substantive due process. It also reexamines the Supreme Court’s pronouncements on sexual privacy. The article argues that the Supreme Court precedent was incorrectly interpreted and confused jurisprudential theory with constitutional mandate. However, it further states that the result in Onofre could have been the same even if its inclusion of freedom of sexual expression within the federal constitutional right of privacy.
Consequences of seed dispersal for gap-dependent plants: relationships between seed shadows, germination requirements, and forest dynamic processes

This study compares the reproductive consequences of different seed dispersal patterns to gap-dependent plants having different germination requirements and seed dormancy capabilities. Using data on the frequency and size distribution of treefall gaps in cloud forest at Monteverde, Costa Rica, a computer simulation model of reproductive success revealed that: 1) Spatial and temporal availability of potential colonization sites differs among plant species whose germination success varies with gap size and gap age. For species that require large, young gaps (e.g., pioneer trees), suitable habitat patches may be as much as 15 times less common than for species capable of establishment in smaller or older gaps. 2) Because germination success is a continuous function of both gap size and gap age, the landscape does not consist of a mosaic of discrete ‘safe sites’ surrounded by unsuitable habitat. Instead, each patch has an associated probability of germination for each plant species. 3) While plant reproductive success is enhanced by dispersal, immediate reproductive success remains low for individuals with all but the most extensive seed shadows, especially for species that require large, young gaps. 4) When reproduction from dormant seeds is also considered, however, reproductive success is greatly increased. For plants whose seeds can remain dormant for just two years, reproductive success may be increased as much as 2000%. Furtnermore, seed dormancy magnifies the differences in reproductive success resulting from different seed shadows. Even animals that produce quite similar seed shadows may ultimately provide substantially different dispersal quality to plants that have the capacity for long seed dormancy.
Wide energy bandwidth superconducting accelerating cavities

Abstract Superconducting cavities have been widely used in high intensity proton accelerators. In this paper, we discuss parameters that affect energy bandwidth of the accelerating cavity and propose a new energy averaged transit time factor to help choose transition energy between different sections and cavity geometry parameters in the linac design. These wide energy bandwidth superconducting cavities can potentially be used to accelerate a proton beam multiple times. A time-pass condition is defined to attain fixed RF phases during multiple passes of the beam. Such a superconducting recirculating proton linac could significantly reduce the number of RF cavities in the accelerator and lower construction and operational costs of the facility.
Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Deliver the Goods? Evidence from Developing Countries.

Bilateral investment treaties (BITs), signed by developing countries explicitly state the objective of promoting foreign direct investment (FDI). The rapid increase in the number of BITs and the concurrent increase in worldwide flows of FDI between 1980 and 2003 suggests that BITs are an effective strategy toward this goal. Recent studies provide some empirical support for this link. However, FDI flows into specific countries from 1980 to 2003 reveals the puzzling behavior for flows to increase soon after country starts signing BITs, followed by fluctuations with either a downward trend or no noticeable trend at all. Our main contribution is to explain this behavior by explicitly incorporating the impact of treaty violations, as evidenced by treaty disputes arbitrated by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, on FDI flows. We find that while BITs are effective in attracting investment, disputes tend to decrease future investment flows. JEL Classifications: F21; F53; O24; O16
Review Essay: Law and Economics in the Personal Sphere

My review essay makes the case for law and economics in the personal sphere by reviewing and appraising the following four books: Richard Posner, Sex and Reason; Eric Posner, Law and Social Norms; Robert Frank, Luxury Fever, and Margaret Brinig, From Contract to Covenant. My focus is on answering objections from those who may be skeptical of law and economics methodology generally, but are particularly skeptical of its applicability in the personal sphere. Law and economics does not (certainly now, and perhaps even before the advent of behavioral law and economics) require viewing people as conducting their lives wholly with conscious calculation, constantly cutting the best deal they can for themselves. Such people are as much caricatures as are people conducting their lives completely without calculation, conscious or otherwise, always giving freely of themselves with no thought of getting something in return. My essay considers why some people might want to reject the applicability of law and economics to the personal sphere. Law and economics seems determined (indeed, even eager) to make people see themselves warts and all. A person might want to think of himself as caring deeply about the environment, persons with disabilities, world poverty, and other social ills. Law and economics often tells people they don't care as much about such things as they like to think, insofar as they want good results without being willing to pay for them. Similarly, a person might want to think of himself as a romantic, being carried away by sentiment in his choice of romantic mate. Law and economics would point out the extent to which mate-choice is influenced by market-like considerations. Some people therefore may look to dismiss the message; they haven't had to look far, because certain of law and economics' pathologies, principally the claim to more of a scientific mantle than is sometimes warranted, have invited cheap shots - ways to dismiss the messenger without listening to his whole message. And this is a shame. Law and economics could be a bit more agnostic about its claims in the personal sphere. It could spend more time explaining why market shouldn't be an expletive, stressing the pervasiveness of metaphor, and metaphor's instrumental character. Using a concept in a new context - carrying the suitcase - doesn't commit us to wearing all the clothes in the suitcase. As the books I'm reviewing show, we can get the benefits of the explanatory power law and economics has to offer while limiting or even eliminating the use of the clothes we would like to have left behind.
Wetlands as a nature-based coastal defense: a numerical modeling and field data integration approach to quantify storm surge attenuation for the Mid-Atlantic region

Hurricane Sandy in 2012 demonstrated the vulnerability of the East Coast to extreme events, especially considering projected land development, population growth, and the impacts of sea level rise. These compounding factors have motivated the exploration of resilient coastal defenses that incorporate both hard engineering (i.e., levees, seawalls, breakwaters) and natural strategies such as the restoration, creation and enhancement of coastal wetlands and marshes. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has recently begun an effort to build background knowledge of ecosystem-based defenses necessary to implement these strategies in a meaningful manner [1].
The Mapping of Contingencies in Mental Models Found in Organizations

ABSTRACTFrom a cognitive perspective, mental models held by individuals are thought to guide interactions with objects or systems, including interpersonal interactions. Frameworks that categorize types of interactions in organizations suggest that they are guided by cultures and mental models that range from the egoistic to the cosmos-centric. From a behavioral perspective, what the cognitive approach calls mental models are sets of verbal rules. Therefore, we suggest that behavior analysis could be used to reconceptualize the mental model literature, generating new research questions and more rigorous experimentation. Cognitive constructs such as more expansive mental models may simply be a function of an individual’s or group’s increased attention to interlocking contingencies. Applying behavioral interventions such as acceptance and commitment therapy could be a way to examine the utility of a behavior analytic approach.
Acute traumatic subclavian steal syndrome.

Summary An instance of acute subclavian steal syndrome of traumatic origin is reported. Angiography performed with injection of contrast material in the innominate artery and aortic arch provided the diagnosis. The patient was successfully treated with Dacron graft replacement of the injured portion of the left subclavian artery.
Modeling the mechanics of HMX detonation using a Taylor–Galerkin scheme

Abstract Design of energetic materials is an exciting area in mechanics and materials science. Energetic composite materials are used as propellants, explosives, and fuel cell components. Energy release in these materials are accompanied by extreme events: shock waves travel at typical speeds of several thousand meters per second and the peak pressures can reach hundreds of gigapascals. In this paper, we develop a reactive dynamics code for modeling detonation wave features in one such material. The key contribution in this paper is an integrated algorithm to incorporate equations of state, Arrhenius kinetics, and mixing rules for particle detonation in a Taylor–Galerkin finite element simulation. We show that the scheme captures the distinct features of detonation waves, and the detonation velocity compares well with experiments reported in literature.
Measurement of the intensity and phase of ultrashort pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser using frequency-resolved optical gating

Recently, we developed a simple and general technique, which we call Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG), that succeeds in measuring the full intensity and phase evolution of an individual, arbitrary ultrashort pulse.1–3 In brief, FROG involves measuring the pulse spectrogram, i.e., the spectrum of the signal pulse in an auto- or cross-correlation (using any instantaneous nonlinearity), yielding signal intensity vs. delay and frequency.
Post-hypoxic Myoclonus: Current Concepts, Neurophysiology, and Treatment

Background: Myoclonus may occur after hypoxia. In 1963, Lance and Adams described persistent myoclonus with other features after hypoxia. However, myoclonus occurring immediately after hypoxia may demonstrate different syndromic features from classic Lance–Adams syndrome (LAS). The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information about the spectrum of myoclonus occurring after hypoxia with emphasis on neurophysiological features. Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed database from 1960 to 2015. The following search terms were used: ‘‘myoclonus,’’ ‘‘post anoxic myoclonus,’’ ‘‘post hypoxic myoclonus,’’ and ‘‘Lance Adams syndrome.’’ The articles describing clinical features, neurophysiology, management, and prognosis of post-hypoxic myoclonus cases were included for review. Results: Several reports in the literature were separated clinically into ‘‘acute post-hypoxic myoclonus,’’ which occurred within hours of severe hypoxia, and ‘‘chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus,’’ which occurred with some recovery of mental status as the LAS. Acute post-hypoxic myoclonus was generalized in the setting of coma. Chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus presented as multifocal cortical action myoclonus that was significantly disabling. There was overlap of neurophysiological findings for these two syndromes but also different features. Treatment options for these two distinct clinical–neurophysiologic post-hypoxic myoclonus syndromes were approached differently. Discussion: The review of clinical and neurophysiological findings suggests that myoclonus after hypoxia manifests in one or a combination of distinct syndromes: acute and/or chronic myoclonus. The mechanism of post-hypoxic myoclonus may arise either from cortical and/or subcortical structures. More research is needed to clarify mechanisms and treatment of post-hypoxic myoclonus.
In Quest of the Self: Masquerade and Travel in the Eighteenth-Century Novel: Fielding, Smollett, Sterne

In his carefully detailed Preface and Introduction, Jakub Lipski lays out the “Quest” he expects to take us on with him, making us sure from the start where the journey will lead and who we will en...
A Place for James J. Gibson

We first contextualize Gibson’s views within the broader space of theories about perception. We do this to illustrate how Gibson’s perspective, more so than many others, is most intimately connected with place. For, unlike many dualists, and those drawing on inferential theory, Gibson’s foundational claim is that place is directly perceived. As such, one’s experience of place is not representational in nature. Phenomenologically, there is no translation of sensory input when one experiences place. Then, to make our case for how the Gibsonian perspective can be conceptualized as a theory of place, we describe the fundamental concepts of direct perception and affordances. Although Gibson did not specify what would be meant by a place, his theory of perception inextricably links an organism to the environment in which it interacts. From this, we then provide a Gibsonian perspective on place. We conclude by linking Gibsonian theory to a subset of philosophical concepts via current ideas in Cognitive Science. Our purpose here is not to provide a definitive conclusion as to how Gibsonian ideas align with these concepts. Rather, we hope to plant the seeds for further exploration of the concepts of meaning and purpose, their context in psychological theory, and how they may bridge the gap between psychology and ecology and a broader interdisciplinary theory of place.
Effects of perinatal nicotine or inflammation exposure on ventilation in the developing rat model

The regulation of ventilation is critical in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring survival in the face of environmental and developmental changes. Previous studies have shown that regulatory contro...
Compartmentation in Plant Cells: The Role of the Vacuole

The mature plant cell vacuole is a multifunctional organelle which is unique to higher plants. It constitutes a compartment which is thought to be anabolically inactive and a primary site for metabolite storage and sequestration.1, 2 Cytologists carried out extensive studies of plant vacuoles during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s which revealed many of the functions of this organelle. This chapter will consider the roles of the vacuole in solute storage and sequestration, and discuss methods now being used to isolate and investigate plant vacuoles. Recent studies which have utilized vacuoles to estimate the compartmentation of solutes and enzymes will be discussed. Possible mechanisms of tonoplast transport will be considered.
Electronic Medical Record-Based Radiation Oncology Toxicity Recording Instrument Aids Benchmarking and Quality Improvement in the Clinic.

Purpose:The on-treatment visit (OTV) for radiation oncology is essential for patient management. Radiation toxicities recorded during the OTV may be inconsistent because of the use of free text and the lack of treatment site–specific templates. We developed a radiation oncology toxicity recording instrument (ROTOX) in a health system electronic medical record (EMR). Our aims were to assess improvement in documentation of toxicities and to develop clinic toxicity benchmarks.Methods:A ROTOX that was based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) with flow-sheet functionality was developed in the EMR. Improvement in documentation was assessed at various time intervals. High-grade toxicities (ie, grade ≥ 3 by CTCAE) by site were audited to develop benchmarks and to track nursing and physician actions taken in response to these.Results:A random sample of OTV notes from each clinic physician before ROTOX implementation was reviewed and assigned a numerical docume...
Efficacy of Peracetic Acid in Inactivating Foodborne Pathogens on Fresh Produce Surface.

Washing treatment with effective sanitizer is one of the critical steps in ensuring fresh produce safety. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA; VigorOx® 15 FV L. monocytogenes on romaine lettuce and cantaloupe; S. Typhimurium DT104 on lemons, tomatoes, cantaloupe, and blueberries). PAA at 45, 85, and 100 mg/L; AEO, NNEO, and bleach at 100 mg/L of free chlorine; lactic acid at 2%; and DI water were used for washing inoculated produce in an automated produce washer for 5 min. In general, PAA at 100 mg/L achieved the highest microbial inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 (lettuce, lemon, tomato, and blueberry at 2.2, 5.7, 5.5, and 6.7 log CFU/g, respectively), S. Typhimurium DT104 (lemon, tomato, cantaloupe, blueberry at 5.4, 6.8, 4.5, and 5.9 log CFU/g, respectively), and L. monocytogenes (lettuce and cantaloupe at 2.4 and 4.4 log CFU/g, respectively). Efficacy of sanitizers on produce with coarse surface (for example, lettuce and cantaloupe) was lower than produce with smooth texture (lemon, tomato, and blueberry). Cross-contamination of E. coli O157:H7 among romaine lettuce heads during simulated retail crisping process was greatly reduced by the application of PAA and NNEO. Practical application NNEO and PAA showed high efficacy in foodborne pathogen removal from fresh produce. Produce surface texture plays an important role in pathogen removal. NNEO and PAA effectively prevented cross-contamination during the crisping process.
The Matter of Empire: Metaphysics and Mining in Colonial Peru

In this book, Orlando Bentancor claims that neo-scholastics deployed a metaphysics of handiwork to justify conquest and colonisation, and invites the reader to see Aristotle as an interpreter not o...
Proteomic analysis of human epileptic neocortex predicts vascular and glial changes in epileptic regions

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, which is not well understood at the molecular level. Exactly why some brain regions produce epileptic discharges and others do not is not known. Patients who fail to respond to antiseizure medication (refractory epilepsy) can benefit from surgical removal of brain regions to reduce seizure frequency. The tissue removed in these surgeries offers an invaluable resource to uncover the molecular and cellular basis of human epilepsy. Here, we report a proteomic study to determine whether there are common proteomic patterns in human brain regions that produce epileptic discharges. We analyzed human brain samples, as part of the Systems Biology of Epilepsy Project (SBEP). These brain pieces are in vivo electrophysiologically characterized human brain samples withdrawn from the neocortex of six patients with refractory epilepsy. This study is unique in that for each of these six patients the comparison of protein expression was made within the same patient: a more epileptic region was compared to a less epileptic brain region. The amount of epileptic activity was defined for each patient as the frequency of their interictal spikes (electric activity between seizures that is a parameter strongly linked to epilepsy). Proteins were resolved from three subcellular fractions, using a 2D differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), revealing 31 identified protein spots that changed significantly. Interestingly, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was found to be consistently down regulated in high spiking brain tissue and showed a strong negative correlation with spike frequency. We also developed a two-step analysis method to select for protein species that changed frequently among the patients and identified these proteins. A total of 397 protein spots of interest (SOI) were clustered by protein expression patterns across all samples. These clusters were used as markers and this analysis predicted proteomic changes due to both histological differences and molecular pathways, revealed by examination of gene ontology clusters. Our experimental design and proteomic data analysis predicts novel glial changes, increased angiogenesis, and changes in cytoskeleton and neuronal projections between high and low interictal spiking regions. Quantitative histological staining of these same tissues for both the vascular and glial changes confirmed these findings, which provide new insights into the structural and functional basis of neocortical epilepsy.
Measurements of Stress in the Interior of Solids with Neutrons

The methodology for residual stress analysis using X-ray diffraction combined with the penetrating power of neutrons offers the possibility of measurement of elastic stress and stress distributions in the interior of solid materials. The feasibility of this technique is discussed. Analysis of factors such as creation and control of internal probe regions, specimen thickness, alignment and determination of peak positions indicates that the method has potential. Application to a curved beam aluminum alloy sample with a 25.4 mm square cross-section under an applied load has shown that results in reasonable agreement with theory are attainable. Limitations and applications are discussed.
R-local homotopy theory

Over a subring R of Q, we show that a certain differential graded Lie R-algebra model is a complete R-local homotopy invariant, for CW complexes satisfying some dimension and connectivity hypotheses. When R=Q, we obtain a new proof of the equivalence between the homotopy category of simply-connected rational spaces and the homotopy category of connected differential graded Lie Q-algebras.
The Problem of Avian Extinctions

Studying endangered birds and developing programs to prevent their extinction have become principal endeavors of bird conservationists worldwide. More than perhaps any other group of vertebrate biologists, ornithologists have responded to the contemporary threat of accelerated extinction rates with intensive research and management efforts. This responsiveness may be owing to the fact that many threatened or endangered birds are relatively well known so that their extinctions would represent the loss of organisms whose importance has already been demonstrated in terms of scientific advancement, contributions to ecological systems, commercial and recreational activities, or esthetic considerations. Furthermore, the generally advanced state of our knowledge of birds has facilitated the rapid development of management techniques. Ornithologists are often able to quickly identify the threats to a species and propose a diverse arsenal of proven management approaches that can prevent the species’ extinction. As a result, management of endangered birds has set standards to which conservationists concerned with other taxonomie groups refer.
Atypical stress-induced cardiomyopathy: a case series.

Abstract Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is characterized by reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, which appears to be triggered by an intense, stressful event in the absence of signifi cant coronary artery disease. It manifests typically with transient left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (WMA) involving the apical and/or mid-ventricular myocardial segments, associated with minimal troponin rise (< 5 ng/ml), and typical EGG changes.Described are 3 cases of stress-induced cardiomyopathy with atypical distribution of wall motion abnormalities. Possible contributing mechanisms to the pathogenesis and the variability in WMA are discussed.
Voluntary Control of Respiration Patterns

Controlled respiration is one of the oldest and certainly the single, most efficient acute intervention for the mitigation and treatment of excessive stress. Any clinician treating patients who manifest excessive stress syndromes should consider controlled respiration as a potentially suitable intervention for virtually all patients. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the uses of voluntary control of respiration patterns in the treatment of excessive stress. As used in this text, this term refers to the process by which the patient exerts voluntary control over his or her breathing pattern—in effect, breath control. There are hundreds of diverse patterns of controlled respiration; we examine several that we feel have particular introductory utility for the clinician concerned with the treatment of the stress response. The exercises presented in this chapter are by no means inclusive. We have simply chosen several patterns that are simple to learn and effective. Again, the goal of voluntary, controlled respiration in the treatment of excessive stress is to have the patient voluntarily alter his or her rhythmic pattern of breathing to create a more relaxed state.
An Empirical Assessment and Insights on Two Multicriteria Integer Programming Algorithms

A practical interactive solution approach to multicriteria integer programming problems is developed. The problem is sol ved by a branch-and-bound method that employs the Zionts and Wal lenius procedure [26] for sol vi ng the mul ticriteria linear programming problem. Two branch-and-bound algorithms that follow different search strategies to minimize the number of questions as well as the solution time simultaneously are discussed. A numerical illustration of algorithms is presented. Specific computational results are discussed. These solution strategies provide viable approaches to solve the multicriteria problem under a variety of decisionmaking styles.
Painless Labor: A Case of Progressive Myelopathy during Pregnancy (P3.244)

Objective: To describe the presentation, pathophysiology and treatment of an atypical spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) in a young pregnant woman. Background: SDAVF are pathologic intradural shunts between radicular spinal arteries and the medullary venous system, resulting in progressive myelopathy due to spinal cord ischemia caused by venous congestion. SDAVFs are rare and more commonly seen in elderly men. If diagnosed promptly the myelopathy is treatable; however, misdiagnosis often results in delayed treatment and neurologic consequences. Design/Methods: Case report Results: A 29-year old woman, one month postpartum, presented with progressive myelopathy that began in the second trimester of pregnancy with paraparesis, bilateral leg numbness and urinary incontinence. She underwent an uncomplicated vaginal delivery without significant labor pain, but expeirenced transient worsening of her neurologic symptoms immediately following delivery. One week postpartum she developed weakness and numbness in the bilateral arms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine revealed an extensive T2 lesion from C2 to C7 with cord expansion and homogeneous enhancement anteriorly. MRI of the brain and thoracic spine, CSF analysis and serum NMO-AQ4 IgG were reportedly unremarkable. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at an outside hospital, after which she developed severe quadriparesis. Examination upon transfer to our service was notable for 3/5 four-limb weakness, T5-sensory pin level, diffuse hyperreflexia, and bilateral Babinskis. Repeat spinal MRI showed serpiginous flow voids in the posterior dural space from the upper cervical to mid-thoracic level. Spinal angiography demonstrated a cervicomedullary dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) feeding from the right ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries. The dAVF was embolized with Onyx resulting in near complete resolution of symptoms one month post-procedure. Conclusions: This case highlights a rare presentation of progressive myelopathy from a SDAVF in an atypical patient (young pregnant woman) in an uncommon high cervical location. Pathophysiologic mechanisms and management will be presented. Disclosure: Dr Wasilewski has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Samkoff has nothing to disclose.
Julius H. Comroe Distinguished Lecture: Interdependence of neuromodulators in the control of breathing

In vitro and in vivo anesthetized studies led to the conclusion that “deficiencies in one neuromodulator are immediately compensated by the action of other neuromodulators,” which suggests an inter...
A study of underwater propagation model performance in complex environments with inherent uncertainty

A number of computational models have been developed for purposes of modeling and simulation of acoustic wave propagation in underwater environments. Almost all of these models make approximations to the wave equation; furthermore, the method of implementation has a direct impact on the trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency. Sonar technologies also vary greatly in range and frequency and one model is generally not suited for all applications; there are often subtle differences between them that can be highly dependent on the particulars of the environment. We investigate the performance of various models (ray tracing, level sets, normal modes, parabolic equation, and energy flux) using at-sea data from real world environments to assess their robustness of in the presence of the inherent uncertainty involved in reconstructing an underwater environment. In particular, we focus on the effect of perturbations in the sound speed profile. The sound speed profile, as a model input parameter, is subject to measurement error, as well as to undersampling of what, in many geographical areas of interest, is a complex spatial-temporal process. Ultimately, our objective is to establish some guidelines for practical use of the models in applications. A number of computational models have been developed for purposes of modeling and simulation of acoustic wave propagation in underwater environments. Almost all of these models make approximations to the wave equation; furthermore, the method of implementation has a direct impact on the trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency. Sonar technologies also vary greatly in range and frequency and one model is generally not suited for all applications; there are often subtle differences between them that can be highly dependent on the particulars of the environment. We investigate the performance of various models (ray tracing, level sets, normal modes, parabolic equation, and energy flux) using at-sea data from real world environments to assess their robustness of in the presence of the inherent uncertainty involved in reconstructing an underwater environment. In particular, we focus on the effect of perturbations in the sound speed profile. The sound speed profile, as a model input parameter, is...
Depression and Insomnia

This chapter is a case study of an adult male who was referred to mental health for treatment of depression and disrupted sleep. This presentation is not uncommon, as insomnia may occur as a symptom of depression or be a separate clinical condition that may co-occur with depression or other mental health conditions. Clinicians may often feel conflicted as to the sequencing of treatment to target these co-occurring conditions. Fortunately, research has demonstrated that application of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of insomnia (CBT-I) not only is effective in producing improved sleep, but can result in decreased symptoms of depression. This case illustrates the successful application of CBT-I, with improvements in increased total sleep time, improved sleep efficiency, and decreased depressive symptoms.
Neutron Scattering Studies of the Structure, Phase Transitions, and Dynamics of Commensurate Herringbone Monolayers Physisorbed on Graphite

Monolayer structures in which molecules lie in a commensurate, two-sublattice herringbone (HB) arrangement on the graphite basal plane surface are common to a number of nonspherical molecules. Despite a variety of molecular sizes and shapes, these HB monolayer phases exhibit similarities in their structure and phase transitions which are striking--even when compared to rare gas monolayers on graphite. This paper will review neutron scattering studies of the structure and dynamics of the HB monolayer phases. After illustrating the solution of the monolayer structures (including the molecular orientations) by elastic neutron diffraction, we shall examine several common features of these phases: 1) instability to uniaxial incommensurate structures; 2) inhibition of multilayer growth; 3) a two-stage melting process whose first stage depends on the length of the molecule--an orientationally-disordered phase for “short” molecules and possibly a liquid-crystal-like monolayer phase for “long” molecules; and 4) a coupling between out-of-plane translational and librational modes of the monolayer. We conclude with some speculations on why the HB monolayer structure is so pervasive on graphite.
Preoperative Expectations of Patients Undergoing Knee Surgery

There is limited validated data regarding the relationship between preoperative expectations and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients undergoing knee surgery. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the preoperative expectations of patients undergoing knee surgery and (2) determine the relationship between preoperative patient demographics, PROs, and preoperative patient expectations. We hypothesized that younger patients with worse function and worse general health status would have greater expectations of knee surgery. We analyzed data from 399 patients undergoing knee surgery at an urban academic medical center. We utilized the Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management System to measure preoperative expectations. Multiple legacy PRO measures were recorded, as well as the new Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) Computer Adaptive Testing. Nonparametric statistical analyses were performed to determine significance. Overall, patients undergoing knee surgery had high expectations, with a mean of 88.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.7–89.3) and median of 91.7 (95% CI, 89.2–94.3). Greater preoperative expectations of knee surgery were associated with higher income, surgically naive knee, lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, better PROMIS Depression and Anxiety scores, greater Marx knee activity scores, and lower total body pain (p
A Heterogeneous Graphical Model to Understand User-Level Sentiments in Social Media

Social Media has seen a tremendous growth in the last decade and is continuing to grow at a rapid pace. With such adoption, it is increasingly becoming a rich source of data for opinion mining and sentiment analysis. The detection and analysis of sentiment in social media is thus a valuable topic and attracts a lot of research efforts. Most of the earlier efforts focus on supervised learning approaches to solve this problem, which require expensive human annotations and therefore limits their practical use. In our work, we propose a semi-supervised approach to predict user-level sentiments for specific topics. We define and utilize a heterogeneous graph built from the social networks of the users with the knowledge that connected users in social networks typically share similar sentiments. Compared with the previous works, we have several novelties: (1) we incorporate the influences/authoritativeness of the users into the model, 2) we include comment-based and like-based user-user links to the graph, 3) we superimpose multiple heterogeneous graphs into one thereby allowing multiple types of links to exist between two users.
Imaging Features of Triple Negative Breast Cancer and the Effect of BRCA Mutations.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the mammographic and the ultrasound features of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and to investigate the potential effect of BRCA mutations on the imaging features of these patients. Methods: One hundred and seven patients with TNBC were enrolled in a retrospective study following IRB approval and approval of waiver of informed consent. BRCA mutations were assessed using genetic testing. Imaging features on mammography and ultrasound (US) as well as pathology and clinical information were retrospectively reviewed and characterized according to the BI-RADS lexicon (fifth edition). The relationships between BRCA mutations and the imaging findings were examined. Results: TNBC commonly presented as an irregular mass with obscured margins on mammography and as an irregular hypoechoic mass with microlobulated or angular margins on US. Approximately two thirds of TNBC cases had a parallel orientation and approximately one third had posterior enhancement, features often associated with benign masses. There was no statistically significant difference in the mammographic and the US features of BRCA positive and BRCA negative triple negative tumors. Conclusion: TNBC may have a parallel orientation and posterior enhancement, which are features often seen with benign masses. BRCA mutations do not affect the imaging features of triple negative breast tumors.
Leptospirosis as an unusual culprit of acute pancreatitis and portal vein thrombosis in a New Yorker

Leptospirosis often takes clinicians by surprise when presenting in urban locations with unusual manifestations. This delays diagnosis and treatment which increases mortality rate. Our case illustrates the importance of taking into account the socioeconomic backgrounds, environmental exposures, and clinical presentations of patients to create a good differential diagnosis.
Data-Driven Approximation of the Perron-Frobenius Operator Using the Wasserstein Metric

This manuscript introduces a regression-type formulation for approximating the Perron-Frobenius Operator by relying on distributional snapshots of data. These snapshots may represent densities of particles. The Wasserstein metric is leveraged to define a suitable functional optimization in the space of distributions. The formulation allows seeking suitable dynamics so as to interpolate the distributional flow in function space. A first-order necessary condition for optimality is derived and utilized to construct a gradient flow approximating algorithm. The framework is exemplied with numerical simulations.
Managing Type 1 Diabetes: A Young Patient’s View

Patrick McAllister is a young adult who has just started Medical School at the University of Connecticut. Patrick developed T1D at 12 years of age and will provide us with the perspective of a youngster who was diagnosed in Middle School. In contrast, Kathryn Nagel was diagnosed with T1D as an 18-month-old and she only remembers life with T1D. Kathryn has already graduated from Medical School and she is now doing a combined residency in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at Yale. Her experience with diabetes is different than Patrick’s, but both young adults have important lessons for practitioners who care for youth with diabetes. Our goal in this chapter is to give you a true perspective for what your pre-teen, teen, and young adult patients with T1D might be thinking and feeling and how you can help them manage their diabetes. If nothing else, this chapter will provide you with a glimpse into what is going on inside the minds of your pre-teen, adolescent, and young adult patients with T1D.
Implementation of 2D/1D Gamma Transport and Gamma Heating Capability in Mpact

This paper presents the most recent progress on the development of gamma transport capability for the CASL neutronics code MPACT: (1) 3D gamma transport and (2) explicit gamma heating capabilities. The 3D gamma calculation capability was implemented by leveraging the 2D/1D solver originally developed for neutron calculations. The results were verified by MCNP6 on a small assembly with 5 × 5 pins. Generally, errors were lower than 0.5% on each axial mesh as long as MPACT was running with enough axial meshes. The gamma heating calculation considered the energy deposition from photoelectric absorption, Compton scattering, and pair production. Verification with MCNP6 for both 2D and 3D benchmarks showed that the errors of energy depositions are comparable with those of gamma fluxes, proving the proper implementation of the energy deposition.