cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dyslexics are impaired on implicit higher-order sequence learning, but not on implicit spatial context learning

Developmental dyslexia is characterized by poor reading ability and impairments on a range of tasks including phonological processing and processing of sensory information. Some recent studies have found deficits in implicit sequence learning using the serial reaction time task, but others have not. Other skills, such as global visuo-spatial processing may even be enhanced in dyslexics, although deficits have also been noted. The present study compared dyslexic and non-dyslexic college students on two implicit learning tasks, an alternating serial response time task in which sequential dependencies exist across non-adjacent elements and a spatial context learning task in which the global configuration of a display cues the location of a search target. Previous evidence indicates that these implicit learning tasks are based on different underlying brain systems, fronto-striatal-cerebellar circuits for sequence learning and medial temporal lobe for spatial context learning. Results revealed a double dissociation: dyslexics showed impaired sequence learning, but superior spatial context learning. Consistent with this group difference, there was a significant positive correlation between reading ability (single real and non-word reading) and sequence learning, but a significant negative correlation between these measures and spatial context learning. Tests of explicit knowledge confirmed that learning was implicit for both groups on both tasks. These findings indicate that dyslexic college students are impaired on some kinds of implicit learning, but not on others. The specific nature of their learning deficit is consistent with reports of physiological and anatomical differences for individuals with dyslexia in frontal and cerebellar structures.
Experimental Investigation of Pulsed-Laser-Annealed Ultralow-Conduction-Loss 600-V Nonpunchthrough Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors

Using a double-pulsed-laser-annealing process, an ultralow-conduction-loss 600-V nonpunchthrough (NPT) insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is realized with a highly activated anode structure. This ultralow conduction loss has not been achievable prior to this due to the limited thermal budget in conventional annealing processes. The laser-annealed NPT IGBT demonstrates the ON-state voltage drop from 1.17 to 1.49 V at the collector current density of 165 A/cm2, which implies that a wide range of tradeoff performance between the conduction and switching losses can be generated according to various requirements of applications. This brief presents the characteristics of the laser-annealed NPT IGBT, depending on the splits of laser-irradiation conditions, and the implications of the low thermal-budget annealing process.
Estimating Untracked Gaming Volumes by Hotel Occupancy Segment

Many Las Vegas gaming properties also operate hotels with thousands of rooms, which cannot be filled with premium gamblers every night. Given the fierce competition for premium gamblers, hotel-casino executives must pursue other segments as well. To choose segments that optimize earnings, management must compute the total value of a room night for each target segment. Customer spending traverses several departments, including slots, table games, restaurants, and retail. Unfortunately, many of these transactions are not captured at the customer level. Therefore, equations must be derived to estimate critical values, such as the change in unrated slot play resulting from a one-unit increase in the wholesale room segment. Such equations allow executives to fill in crucial gaps in the segment valuation grid. Once the overall profit per room night is computed for each hotel segment, operators can rank segment values. This business intelligence identifies the most and least valuable segments, allowing managemen...
Within-field distribution of the sunflower midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

The sunsower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagne ´ (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a pest of cultivated sunsower (Helianthus annuus L.). Larval feeding can cause damage and yield loss to the sunsower head. Adult emergence is extended and larvae are well protected in the sunsower recep- tacle, making chemical control methods difÞcult and expensive. Sunsower midge enter sunsower Þelds at the edges but Þeldwide distributions occur, although the dynamics are not fully understood. Two commercial Þelds in 1999 and one Þeld in 2000 were systematically sampled by dividing each Þeld into Þxed sample points. Mean egg and larval densities from each sample point were used to describe sunsower midge populations. The sunsower heads at each sample point were also assessed for damage. Maps of sunsower midge population density, cumulative density, and sunsower head damage ratings were estimated with kriging interpolation. Maps were estimated several times during Þrst generation sunsower midge infestation. Field edges that were initially populated continued to be areas of infestation throughout the sampling period. Damage ratings were related to population densities when infestations were high. In 2000, we tested the larval hatching rate from different-sized egg masses with regression to determine an estimation technique for combining numbers of eggs and larvae.
On symmetries of substructures

This paper accompanies a lecture given at the 2003 CCP4 Study Weekend on experimental phasing. With the audience of the CCP4 Study Weekend in mind, an overview is given of symmetries of substructures and the implications for single isomorphous replacement and single anomalous diffraction phasing procedures, as well as difference Fourier analyses. Pointers are also provided to practical tools for working with substructure symmetries.
Effects of electrocardiography contamination and comparison of ECG removal methods on upper trapezius electromyography recordings

Abstract Electromyography (EMG) recordings from the trapezius are often contaminated by the electrocardiography (ECG) signal, making it difficult to distinguish low-level muscle activity from muscular rest. This study investigates the influence of ECG contamination on EMG amplitude and frequency estimations in the upper trapezius during muscular rest and low-level contractions. A new method of ECG contamination removal, filtered template subtraction (FTS), is described and compared to 30Hz high-pass filter (HPF) and averaged template subtraction (ATS) methods. FTS creates a unique template of each ECG artifact using a low-pass filtered copy of the contaminated signal, which is subtracted from contaminated periods in the original signal. ECG contamination results in an over-estimation of EMG amplitude during rest in the upper trapezius, with negligible effects on amplitude and frequency estimations during low-intensity isometric contractions. FTS and HPF successfully removed ECG contamination from periods of muscular rest, yet introduced errors during muscle contraction. Conversely, ATS failed to fully remove ECG contamination during muscular rest, yet did not introduce errors during muscle contraction. The relative advantages and disadvantages of different ECG contamination removal methods should be considered in the context of the specific motor tasks that require analysis.
AVHRR-based mapping of fires in Russia: New products for fire management and carbon cycle studies

A new database of fire activity in Russia derived from 1-km resolution remote sensing imagery is presented and discussed. The procedure used to generate this burned-area product is described, including active-fire detection and burn-scar mapping approaches. Fire detection makes use of a probabilistic procedure using image data from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) system. Using the combination of AVHRR data collected at the Krasnoyarsk, Russia, high-resolution picture transmission (HRPT) receiving station, and data from the NOAA Satellite Active Archive (SAA), fire maps are being created for all of Russia for 1995 to 1997 and all of Eastern Russia (east of the Ural Mountains) for 1995 to 2002. This mapping effort has resulted in the most complete set of historic fire maps available for Russia. An initial validation indicates that the burned-area estimates are conservative because the approaches do not detect smaller fires, and, in many cases, fire areas are slightly underestimated. Analyses using the fire database showed that an average of 7.7� 10 6 ha yr � 1 of fire occurred in Eastern Russia between 1996 and 2002 and that fire was widely dispersed in different regions. The satellite-based burned-area estimates area were two to five times greater than those contained in official government burned-area statistics. The data show that there is significant interannual variability in area burned, ranging between a low of 1.5� 10 6 ha in 1997 to a high of 12.1� 10 6 ha in 2002. Seasonal patterns of fire are similar to patterns seen in the North American boreal region, with large-fire seasons experiencing more late-season burning (in August and September) than during low-fire years. There was a distinct zonal distribution of fires in Russia; 65% of the area burned occurred in the taiga zone, which includes southern, middle, and northern taiga subzones, 20% in the steppe and forest steppe zones, 12% in the mixed forest zone, and 3% in the tundra and forest-tundra zones. Lands classified as forest experienced 55% of all burned area, while crops and pastures, swamps and bogs, and grass and shrubs land cover categories experienced 13% to 15% each. Finally, the utility of the products is discussed in the context of fire management and carbon cycling.
Dysregulation of cytokine expression in monocytes from HIV‐positive individuals

Because HIV may alter the production of inflammatory factors produced by monocytes, the expres- sion of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), tissue factor (TF), interleukin (IL)-i/3, and IL-fl was evaluated in 47 HIV-seropositive persons and seronegative control sub- jects. RNA was extracted from freshly isolated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated or unstimulated monocytes. Cytokine and TF expression was quantitated by dot blot hybridization or a reverse transcription poly- merase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A significant depression of TF mRNA was observed in LPS-stimulated monocytes (66% less in AIDS, 20% less in AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 0% less in asymptomatic patients), whereas normal responses were observed for TNF-a, IL-if3, and IL-6. When constitutive expression was measured in un- stimulated monocytes by RT-PCR, a differential pattern was also observed. TNF-a and IL-1/3 were positive in 85% of asymptomatic persons, compared with only 27% of ARC and 42% of AIDS patients. Expression of IL-6 was observed in lower proportions, 27-30%, with no significant differences among disease states. All samples were negative for TF. Thus, the regulation of inflamma- tory molecules is differentially altered in individuals with HIV infection. TF is preferentially down-regulated, com- pared with TNF-a, IL-1f3, and IL-6, in LPS-stimulated monocytes as patients progress to AIDS. TNF-a and IL-113 are preferentially up-regulated, compared with IL-6 and TF, in unstimulated monocytes in asympto- matic persons, with a loss of up-regulation as patients progress to AIDS. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 347-352; 1994.
Steps for Improving Physical Activity Orientation Among Health-care Providers of Older Cardiovascular Patients

Attaining appropriate levels of physical activity can have many potential physiological and psychological benefits in older adults with cardiovascular disease. However, these individuals often report low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behavior. Older adults encounter many potential “barriers” to physical activity, but numerous studies have demonstrated the ability to positively influence this important health behavior using well-established behavior change theories and models. The information provided in this review is directed at health-care providers who have the potential to impact physical activity behaviors during regular, often brief, clinical interactions. In addition to providing the latest physical activity recommendations, this update will provide a brief summary of some of the more widely used behavioral skills and strategies for promoting physical activity in older adults with cardiovascular disease.
Human prions and plasma lipoproteins.

Prions are composed solely of an alternatively folded isoform of the prion protein (PrP), designated PrPSc. The polyoxometalate phosphotungstic acid has been used to separate PrPSc from its precursor PrPC by selective precipitation; notably, native PrPSc has not been solubilized by using nondenaturing detergents. Because of the similarities between PrPSc and lipoproteins with respect to hydrophobicity and formation of phosphotungstic acid complexes, we asked whether these molecules are bound to each other in blood. Here we report that prions from the brains of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) bind to very low-density (VLDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins but not to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) or other plasma components, as demonstrated both by affinity assay and electron microscopy. Immunoassays demonstrated that apolipoprotein B (apoB), which is the major protein component of VLDL and LDL, bound PrPSc through a highly cooperative process. Approximately 50% of the PrPSc bound to LDL particles was released after exposure to 4 M guanidine hydrochloride at 80°C for 20 min. The apparent binding constants of native human (Hu) PrPSc or denatured recombinant HuPrP(90–231) for apoB and LDL ranged from 28 to 212 pM. Whether detection of PrPSc in VLDL and LDL particles can be adapted into an antemortem diagnostic test for prions in the blood of humans, livestock, and free-ranging cervids remains to be determined.
The Many Illusions of the Müller-Lyer: Comparisons of the Wings-in and Wings-out Illusions and Manipulations of Standard and Dot Forms:

The assumed role of peripheral distortion mechanisms in both wings-in and wings-out Muller-Lyer illusions was investigated by requiring subjects to reproduce the central extent of standard Muller-Lyer figures and dot variations. Illusory magnitude of the line and dot variations was also examined with increasing wing length and wing angle. A reduction in the overestimation for the wings-out illusion occurred with the removal of intersecting lines; the dot variations evidenced a significant overestimation effect. In contrast, no reliable decrease in underestimation was found with the removal of intersecting lines in the wings-in illusion, and both standard and dot variations were significantly underestimated. These results support a conclusion that the wings-in and wings-out Muller-Lyer illusions are two distinct illusions, and may be differentially determined at the loci of distortion within the visual system. Parallel changes in illusory magnitude were noted with configural manipulations of standard and dot wings-out illusions. However, standard and dot forms of the wings-in illusion were not equivalently affected by equivalent configural manipulations, which suggests that they are different illusions. Thus, the use of the wings-in dot variation to separate empirically peripheral from non-peripheral distortion mechanisms may be ill-advised.
A FILTERABLE VIRUS INFECTION OF RABBITS : I. ITS OCCURRENCE IN ANIMALS INOCULATED WITH RHEUMATIC FEVER MATERIAL.

1. Blood and joint fluid of patients suffering from rheumatic fever were inoculated into the testicles of rabbits, and transfers were made from testicle to testicle at varying intervals. In three series, in none of which were the periods between the transfers longer than 4 days, a virus was recovered which produced acute orchitis in rabbits. The virus could be indefinitely propagated from rabbit to rabbit. 2. Intradermal inoculation of the virus led to the appearance of raised erythematous lesions in 3 to 6 days. 3. Intrathoracic inoculations near the heart led to a fibrinous pericarditis in three out of five rabbits, and to a myocarditis in one. 4. Nuclear inclusion bodies staining pink with eosin were found in the lesions in the testis, skin, pericardium, and heart muscle. 5. Rabbits inoculated into skin or testes were refractory, 2 weeks later, to further intradermal inoculations; after this interval their serum had developed the power to neutralize the virus in vitro. 6. The virus can be preserved in 50 per cent glycerol for at least 18 days. It can be preserved after freezing and drying for at least 8 days and probably for 10 weeks. 7. Cross-immunity tests point to the identity of the virus with that described by Rivers and Tillett in their studies on chicken-pox as Virus III. 8. These facts together with the failure of rheumatic fever sera to neutralize the virus indicate that it bears no etiologic relationship to rheumatic fever.
Feed-forward and inferential control and its application

Inferential control system has many excellent performances such as disturbance resisting and set-point tracking, however, the application is restricted when strong load disturbance exists or stable control accuracy and response speed are highly required in the system. Feed-forward control system responds quickly to the system with measurable disturbance, but the control accuracy is easily affected by disturbance, so there will be a big error if the disturbance model is not accurate enough. Compound control algorithm which combines the feed-forward and inferential control algorithm is proposed in this paper. Feed-forward control algorithm is used to cancel the load- torque disturbance. Inferential control algorithm is used to cancel the error caused by soft sensing method. It is used to control the speed control of guide disc. The accuracy, robustness and fast response of the control system are proved by simulation.
Tropicamide (1%): an effective cycloplegic agent for myopic children.

PURPOSE To evaluate the cycloplegic effect of 1% tropicamide in myopic children and to determine whether its efficacy is associated with age, gender, iris color, ethnicity, magnitude of the refractive error, or latent error. METHODS Four hundred sixty-nine children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET; a multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial evaluating the rate of progression of juvenile-onset myopia in children wearing progressive-addition versus single-vision lenses) were given 1 drop of proparacaine in each eye followed 1 minute later by 1 drop of 1% tropicamide and then a second drop of 1% tropicamide 4 to 6 minutes later. Five accommodative responses to 20/100 letters located at 4 m and 33 cm were obtained in each eye with an autorefractor, 20 minutes after the second drop. Residual accommodation was calculated as the difference between the mean spherical equivalent responses obtained at the two distances. An examiner graded iris color, and ethnicity was reported by the children's parents or guardians. RESULTS The mean residual accommodation was small: 0.38 +/- 0.41 diopters (D) in the right eye and 0.30 +/- 0.41 D in the left eye. Small but statistically significant differences in residual accommodation were associated with ethnicity, but not with any of the other factors. CONCLUSIONS Tropicamide (1%) is an effective cycloplegic agent in myopic children.
The energy scaling advantages of RRAM crossbars

As transistors start to approach fundamental limits and Moore's law slows down, new devices and architectures are needed to enable continued performance gains. New approaches based on RRAM (resistive random access memory) or memristor crossbars can enable the processing of large amounts of data[1, 2]. One of the most promising applications for RRAM crossbars is brain inspired or neuromorphic computing[3, 4].
LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN CRINOID (ECHINODERMATA) FAUNA FROM UTAH COUNTY, UTAH

Abstract A low-diversity crinoid fauna is described from the Fitchville Formation, Lower Mississippian (Late Devonian to Early Mississippian) of Utah County, Utah. Based on the crinoid fauna, composed of Nunnacrinus olsoni new species, Paracosmetocrinus lundi new species, and Platycrinites sp., this fauna is interpreted as being from the Kinderhookian, Upper Fitchville Formation. This occurrence of Nunnacrinus extends the geographic and facies range of this genus in western North America and the geographic range of Paracosmetocrinus within western North America.
Progression-free and overall survival analysis in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing first- versus second-line therapy

9078 Background: A frequently discussed topic at meetings of oncologists is the question of expected clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing 1st vs 2nd line systemic ther...
The Case for Reforming Drug Naming: Should Brand Name Trademark Protections Expire upon Generic Entry?

Ameet Sarpatwari and Aaron Kesselheim explore whether stripping branded drugs of trademark protection would improve the efficiency and fairness of health care.
Optimizing Radiopharmaceutical Utilization: The Shortage-Outdating Operating Curve

An inventory model-optimizing radiopharmaceutical utilization and providing the user with a family of curves with which to estimate both waste and service levels-is proposed. Percent of wasted supply compared with percent of ilnsupplied demand was calculated for 1-131 and for 1-123 as a function of the number of capsules placed on standing order. These operating curves represent analysis of actual patterns of use in our central radiopharmacy. Individual patient's radiopharmaceutical dose cost obviously includes the cost of unused standing order supplies. The actual dollar cost of operating differing levels of unmet demand can be easily determined.
COASTAL PROCESSES AT OREGON INLET, NORTH CAROLINA

Coastal processes In the vicinity of Oregon Inlet, North Carolina were studied in connection with the design of a dual jetty system for that inlet. Oregon Inlet is the northernmost breach through the "Outer Banks" of North Carolina and is situated approximately 40 miles (64 km) north of Cape Hatteras and 90 miles (145 km) south of the ocean entrance to Chesapeake Bay, see Fig. 1. The improvements planned for this inlet are part of an overall plan of development directed at enhancing the fisheries industry of North Carolina through the provision of a modern fisheries center at the village of Wanchese, located on Roanoke Island, see Fig. 1. The general layout of the proposed jetty system is shown on Fig. 2. Certain aspects of this design will be referred to later in this paper. In addition to their structural and functional aspects, a major part of the design of the jetties concerns the structure-shore interaction and means whereby adverse shore processes will be prevented in operating the project. Obviously, the construction of jetties or any other type of littoral barrier at an inlet would disrupt the normal movement of and processes associated with longshore sediment transport. Therefore, artificial means of moving littoral materials around a stabilized inlet must be employed to assure that the adjacent beaches are maintained in at least the same state existing prior to any navigation related improvements. The need for a reliable sand bypassing method at Oregon Inlet is accentuated by the fact that the inlet is bounded on the north by the Cape Hatteras National Seashore and on the south by the Pea Island Wildlife Refuge, both of which are Federally owned beach areas managed for the purpose of preserving the natural quality of the Outer Banks environment. The design of a sand bypassing system must be based on a knowledge of the existing shore and inlet processes, particularly as they relate to the rate and directional distribution of longshore sediment transport. When the existing conditions are known, it is possible to estimate the sediment transport rates with the structures in place and, thus, predict the amount and direction in which material will have to be bypassed. This paper describes the approach taken to evaluate the existing and future longshore sediment transport in the vicinity of Oregon Inlet and briefly discusses the proposed bypassing system for the stabilized inlet.
Surgical resection of metastatic cancer to the liver

Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that provides the chance of cure for patients with metastatic spread to the liver. This report reviews the indication, technique and results of surgical resection of liver metastases. Most of the data on hepatic resection for metastatic disease relates to colorectal secondaries. Generally 5-year survival rates between 30 and 40% have been reported after surgical treatment of liver metastases originating from colorectal cancer. The operative mortality ranges between 0 and 5%. However these positive results are only obtained in patients with less than 4 metastases and without extrahepatic spread. Consequently careful preoperative staging is mandatory to identify patients who are likely to benefit of operative treatment. The criteria for the indication for liver resection of non-colorectal liver metastases have not yet been defined clearly. For such tumors the prognosis after liver resection is significantly poorer compared to patients with colorectal malignancy. Surgical resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer can improve the prognosis in selected patients and even result in cure. In contrast liver resection in patients with non-colorectal primaries rarely results in improved prognosis.
Thermal effect on an all-fiber gyro with a depolarizer

An all-fiber gyroscope is excellent in size, weight, cost, and mechanical stability,1-3 but some noise sources exist. To resolve the rotation rate of 0.01°/h, it is pointed out that the temperature nonuniformity of the sensor coil must be <0.01°C.
Group Effect on Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Mating Behavior

Pairs of adult seedcorn maggot flies, Delia platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), produced significantly fewer eggs per female than mixed groups of 16 or 20 flies. This effect was due to a significant decrease in insemination of female flies kept with only one male (an average of only 15% inseminated) compared with females kept in larger mixed groups (71% inseminated in groups of 15 females plus 15 males). Presence or absence of other females during oviposition had no effect on numbers of eggs laid. Maintaining three or six females with single males during the mating period had no effect on percent insemination. Percentage of females inseminated increased slightly when 5 or 10 males were kept with single females.
The cost of robotic surgery

The introduction of robotic surgery has the potential to change colorectal surgery. Though the benefits of this instrument are still being evaluated, many hospitals have already started using it, so as not to be left behind in the competition for patients. While there are benefits in decreased conversion rates and possibly better long-term functional outcomes, there has yet to be published evidence that the use of a robot is cost effective in colorectal surgery. Given the high cost of investment, further work needs to be done in high-volume centers to identify a cost-effective strategy to implement this technology.
Analysis on occupational well-being status and the influencing factors for the staffs in disease control and prevention system

Objective To investigate the occupational well-being status for the staffs in disease control and prevention system(CDC)and the influencing factors.Methods Totally 115staffs in Xiamen CDC were investigated by occupational well-being scale(the maximum score=160).Results The total score was 106.8±15.4and at medium level.The score of male staffs was similar to female.The total score of age groups,physical and mental health,work environment,work load showed"U"curve(the score aged 20-29was the highest,45-60was secondary,30-44was the lowest).The score of medium-grade professional title was at the lowest level of job enjoying.The main influencing factors of well-being were physical and mental health,personal value and job enjoying.Conclusion The occupational well-being status in CDC system should be improved by government for promoting disease control and prevention.
DNA Damage of HepG2 Cells Induced by Organic Compounds Concentrated from Drinking Water in Wuhan City

[Objective]To study the DNA damage in HepG2 cell exposed to organic compounds extraction of drinking water in Wuhan City.[Methods]XAD-2/8 composite resins(XAD-2 and XAD-8 equal proportion mixed resins)were used to concentrate with equal proportion organic compounds from tap water of Wuhan Han.The genotoxicity of organic compounds was tested by comet assay.[Results]The organic compounds extracted from drinking water at different hydrological period and different water sources could cause varying degrees DNA damage of HepG2 cells.In the same hydrology time,the genotoxictiy of organic compounds at dose of 10 and 30ml/ml in Hanjiang River was stronger than that in Yangtze River(P0.05);while at the same water source,the genotoxicity of organic compounds at dose of 10 and 30ml/ml in low water season was stronger than that at ample flow season(P0.05).[Conclusion]Organic compounds extracts of drinking water from water sources of Yangtze river and Hanjiang river in Wuhan City can induce DNA damage in HepG2 cells.DNA damage levels by organic extracts of drinking water from Hanjiang River were the higher than that from Yangtze River.DNA damage levels induced by organic extracts of drinking water sampled in low water season are higher than that in ample flow season.
Core Capabilities and Capacities of Developer Nonprofits in Postdisaster Community Rebuilding

AbstractCurrent disaster scholarship examines critical roles that nonprofits play in both immediate postdisaster emergency response and long-term recovery. These studies focus on narrative accounts of nonprofits’ accomplishments and in some cases the strategies they employ to complete recovery-related work. Far less attention has been paid, however, to the specific capacities critical for developer nonprofit and philanthropic organizations to carry out their strategies and projects. This article is a case study focused on critical capacities. Using interviews and primary sources documenting New Orleans’ advanced stage long-term recovery from Hurricane Katrina, this article isolates key organizational, legal, and operational capacities that enabled developer nonprofit and philanthropic organizations’ successful involvement in the city’s long-term housing and community redevelopment projects.
Operative Management of Patellar Instability in the United States An Evaluation of National Practice Patterns, Surgical Trends, and Complications

Background:Treatment of patellofemoral instability has evolved as our understanding of the relevant pathoanatomy has improved. In light of these developments, current practice patterns and manageme...
Islamic Movements, Women, and Social Reform: Who Speaks of the Sharia in Pakistan?

While postcolonial movements of Islamic renewal around the world often draw on the authority of the sharia to support their social reforms, Pakistani piety movements instead frame their teachings as “good” behavior, never explicitly referencing the sharia while constantly obliquely drawing on its maqasid (desiderata). I argue that this unique relationship to the sharia can be explained by colonial history, and illustrates the particular complexities and challenges nonpolitically oriented. (When I call them nonpolitical, I am taking these movement’s self-representations and positioning of themselves vis-a-vis explicitly political Islamic movements [e.g. the Jama’at Islami] as primary.) Islamic movements in Pakistan must navigate in order to cultivate religious authority while simultaneously signaling their lack of interest in control of the State.
Lobular capillary hemangiomas: Case report and review of literature of vascular lesions of the nasal cavity

Vascular tumors of the nasal cavity can represent a variety of pathologies. In this case report, we discuss two patients presenting with a large vascular lesion occupying the nasal cavity. Significant bleeding was encountered during the initial attempts for endoscopic surgical resection. One lesion was successfully excised following preoperative embolization while a second following sphenopalatine artery vascular ligation. In both cases, final pathology showed lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH). We present a literature review and discussion of LCH and other vascular tumors that present in the nasal cavity. In addition, we discuss the utility of pre-resection vascular control of these tumors.
Young Adults With Chronic Illness: How Can We Improve Transitions to Adult Care?

* Abbreviation: Med-Peds — : Internal Medicine/Pediatrics As another busy night unfolded in the pediatric emergency department, I opened the next patient’s chart: Male. Early 20s. Sickle cell disease. I felt a faint tug of familiarity while skimming through his medical record, but it was not until I walked into the room that I placed D.M. as a patient I had treated for a sickle cell pain crisis a few months earlier. Despite the pain he was experiencing at that time, I recalled his excitement as he shared his dreams of entering the medical field. Now, that enthusiasm was replaced with despondence, making him barely recognizable as the young man I knew before. The chief complaint on his chart read “ingestion.” He told me how his previous hospitalization was supposed to be his last pediatric admission after more than 2 decades of pediatric care. He had an appointment scheduled with an adult hematologist in several weeks, but he developed severe pain earlier that morning and went to the adult emergency department for the first time. As a combined Internal Medicine/Pediatrics (Med-Peds) resident who rotates through both settings, I understood just how different and potentially traumatic that experience could have been. In the adult emergency department, he received intravenous fluids and an underdose of opiates for his level of tolerance—after all, … Address correspondence to John C. Berens, MD, Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: john.berens{at}uphs.upenn.edu
Concurrent chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in elderly patients with bladder cancer undergoing radiotherapy

BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to compare the overall survival (OS) of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone in elderly patients (those aged ≥80 years) with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS Patients aged ≥80 years with cT2-4, N0-3, M0 transitional cell MIBC who were treated with curative RT (60-70 Gray) or CCRT were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Univariable and multivariable frailty survival analyses, as well as 1-to-1 propensity score matching, were used to isolate the association between CCRT and OS. RESULTS A total of 1369 patients who were treated with RT from 2004 through 2013 met eligibility criteria: 739 patients (54%) received RT alone and 630 patients (46%) received CCRT. The median age of the patients was 84 years (range, 80-90 years). The median follow-up was 21 months. The 2-year OS rate was 48%. When comparing CCRT with RT alone, the 2-year OS rate was 56% versus 42% (P<.0001), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that CCRT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65-0.84 [P<.0001]) and a higher RT dose (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90 [P<.001]) were associated with improved OS. T4 disease was associated with worse OS (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15-1.76 [P = .001]). After using 1-to-1 propensity score matching, there remained an OS benefit for the use of CCRT (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90 [P<.001]). CONCLUSIONS CCRT is associated with improved OS compared with the use of RT alone in elderly patients with MIBC, independent of Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, suggesting that CCRT should be used in this population. Cancer 2017;123:3524-31. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Bone Morphogenic Protein Use in Spinal Surgery

Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) provides excellent enhancement of fusion in many spinal surgeries. BMP should be a cautionary tale about the use of industry-sponsored research, perceived conflicts of interest, and holding the field of spinal surgery to the highest academic scrutiny and ethical standards. In the case of BMP, not having a transparent base of literature as it was approved led to delays in allowing this superior technology to help patients.
Dimensional Metrology of Cell-matrix Interactions in 3D Microscale Fibrous Substrates

Abstract The significant potential of engineered tissue models is bounded by the current lack of robust scalable additive biomanufacturing processes that reliably capture the cell's structural microenvironments. To address this bottleneck, a melt electrospinning writing system is designed to fabricate 3D fibrous substrates within a tight cellular dimensional scale window. The biological relevance of the produced 3D experimental substrates over its 2D monolayer controls is demonstrated with respect to cell morphology. Cell confinement states are quantitatively characterized using an automated single-cell bioimage data analysis workflow. A multidimensional data set composed of size, shape and distribution related metrics of cellular and sub-cellular focal adhesions is extracted to build a classifier that can, with 91-93% classification accuracy, distinguish cell shape phenotypes in 3D confined versus 2D unconfined cell states.
Recurrent heat shock impairs the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts

Heat-related illness and injury are becoming a growing safety concern for the farmers, construction workers, miners, firefighters, manufacturing workers, and other outdoor workforces who are exposed to heat stress in their routine lives. A primary response by a cell to an acute heat shock (HS) exposure is the induction of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which chaperone and facilitate cellular protein folding and remodeling processes. While acute HS is well studied, the effect of repeated bouts of hyperthermia and the sustained production of HSPs in the myoblast-myotube model system of C2C12 cells are poorly characterized. In C2C12 myoblasts, we found that robust HS (43 °C, dose/time) significantly decreased the proliferation by 50% as early as on day 1 and maintained at the same level on days 2 and 3 of HS. This was accompanied by an accumulation of cells at G2 phase with reduced cell number in G1 phase indicating cell cycle arrest. FACS analysis indicates that there was no apparent change in apoptosis (markers) and cell death upon repeated HS. Immunoblot analysis and qPCR demonstrated a significant increase in the baseline expression of HSP25, 70, and 90 (among others) in cells after a single HS (43 °C) for 60 min as a typical HS response. Importantly, the repeated HS for 60 min each on days 2 and 3 maintained the elevated levels of HSPs compared to the control cells. Further, the continuous HS exposure resulted in significant inhibition of the differentiation of C2C12 myocytes to myotubes and only 1/10th of the cells underwent differentiation in HS relative to control. This was associated with significantly higher levels of HSPs and reduced expression of myogenin and Myh2 (P < 0.05), the genes involved in the differentiation process. Finally, the cell migration (scratch) assay indicated that the wound closure was significantly delayed in HS cells relative to the control cells. Overall, these results suggest that a repeated HS may perturb the active process of proliferation, motility, and differentiation processes in an in vitro murine myoblast-myotube model.
Nutritive characteristics of pearl millet grain in beef cattle diets.

Two trials were conducted to compare pearl millet grain with corn and grain sorghum in cattle diets. Grain portions of diets in metabolism and feedlot experiments contained 73% corn and 6% soybean meal (C); 76.2% grain sorghum and 2.8% soybean meal (GS); and 79% pearl millet (PM). In the metabolism trial (replicated 3 x 3 latin squares; six steers), apparent digestibilities of DM and OM were higher (P less than .05) for C than for GS or PM diets. Ether extract and CP digestibilities were higher (P less than .05) for C and PM than GS. Dietary TDN was higher (P less than .05) for C compared with GS or PM diets. Fecal N was higher (P less than .05) for GS than for C or PM, urinary N was higher (P less than .05) for PM than C or GS, but retained N was similar (P greater than .05) for C, GS and PM diets. In a 90-d feedlot trial (18 individually fed heifers), a trend was observed for higher (P less than .20) ADG on C compared with PM; however, feed/gain was similar for C, GS and PM diets (8.2, 9.1 and 8.5 kg feed/kg gain, respectively). Ruminal fluid acetate:propionate ratios were lower (P less than .05) at 3.5 and 7 h postfeeding for PM compared with C or GS diets on d 83. Pearl millet grain may be used as a feed grain for beef cattle, but diets should be formulated to efficiently utilize the high quantity of protein (about 14% of DM) in this grain as a substitute for supplemental protein.
Distal tubule basolateral potassium channels: cellular and molecular mechanisms of regulation

Purpose of reviewMultiple clinical and translational evidence support benefits of high potassium diet; however, there many uncertainties underlying the molecular and cellular mechanisms determining effects of dietary potassium. Kir4.1 and Kir5.1 proteins form a functional heteromer (Kir4.1/Kir5.1),
Contraction mappings and differential equations

The main result of this section is a simple theorem which proves to be useful in the solution of algebraic and differential equations. It will also be used to prove the Implicit function theorem in Chapter 14.
MRI of coronary arteries

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) of the coronary arteries has recently become possible due to the development of a new group of ultrafast imaging sequences. Although the role of coronary MR angiography in screening for coronary artery lesions has not yet been established, coronary MR angiography has been very successful in the detection of coronary artery variants, and the imaging of coronary stents and bypass grafts. Variants of these new MRI techniques can also quantitate velocity in native coronary arteries. Coronary MR angiographic techniques can be subdivided in breath-hold (single or repeated breath-hold) and non-breath-hold techniques. Most of the clinical experience so far has been with a single breath-hold technique, and was limited to cooperative patients. The recent introduction of navigator pulses for real-time respiratory gating or triggering allows non-breath-hold or repeated breath-hold 3–D coronary MR angiography, and will allow a more widespread use of this technique. Notwithstanding the progress being made and the excitement created by the prospect of a noninvasive coronary artery screening tool, several key technical problems remain unresolved and are now being addressed by the scientific and clinical community. This paper reviews ongoing research in coronary MR angiography.
Natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal row of finite number of heated circular cylinders immersed in molten solar salt

Abstract A two-dimensional steady-state natural convection heat transfer from a single row of closely spaced isothermally heated cylinders was investigated in this study for a laminar flow regime. A few previous studies investigated the natural convection heat transfer from a single row of isothermally heated cylinders. However, no correlations or performance maps were developed for the average Nusselt number N u ¯ D for a single row of horizontal cylinders. Using the correlations proposed for natural convection heat transfer from a single cylinder results in large errors in predicting the heat transfer for multiple cylinders. Thus, numerical and statistical modeling were performed in this study to propose correlations for the average Nusselt number N u ¯ D for a single row of horizontal cylinders immersed in molten solar salt as functions of Rayleigh number R a D and dimensionless cylinder-to-cylinder spacing ( ST/D ) . The analyzed geometries are important in the solar heating and heat storage technology, nuclear reactor safety and waste heat recovery applications.
The utilization of single versus double Perclose devices for transfemoral aortic valve replacement access site closure: Insights from Cleveland Clinic Aortic Valve Center.

Introduction Percutaneous femoral access is the preferred access route for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The majority of experienced TAVR centers use two 6F Perclose ProGlide™ devices to close the primary vascular access site, deployed prior to upsizing sheath size with closure completed at the end of the case (the "preclose" approach). A strategy of utilizing a single Perclose device to preclose may have advantages including fewer complications, complexity, and cost, but the safety of this is unknown. This study examines in the safety and efficacy of using a single Perclose versus double Perclose for perclosure of large bore access during TAVR. Methods Patients undergoing Transfemoral (TF) TAVR from January 2014 to December 2017 within the Cleveland Clinic Aortic Valve Center were identified. A retrospective review of medical charts was conducted. Vascular complications were defined according to the VARC-2 criteria. Results A total of 740 patients were included; 487 (65.8%) received a single Perclose device while 253 (34.2%) received double Perclose devices. Baseline characteristics were similar with no differences between the single versus double Perclose groups, respectively. The access sheath size was similar in both groups with (14, 16, and 18 F) being the most common sizes utilized. Of the total 487 patients with single Perclose, 75.6% needed additional closure device (AngioSeal). With double Perclose strategy, additional closure device (AngioSeal) was used in 40.3% patients with 470 (63.5%) patients being successfully perclosed. Vascular complication rates including hematoma, stenosis requiring stenting, pseudoaneurysm, and other major vascular complications were similar between both groups. Conclusion Single 6F ProGlide use for preclosure is a safe strategy for TF TAVR using the S3 valve. Additional closure device was not needed in almost one-quarter of the patients. When necessary, residual bleeding can be controlled with the AngioSeal Device at the end of the procedure. This single device preclose strategy can help to reduce the cost of TAVR procedure without increasing risk.