cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multigene DNA Priming-Boosting Vaccines Protect Macaques from Acute CD4+-T-Cell Depletion after Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV89.6P Mucosal Challenge

We evaluated four priming-boosting vaccine regimens for the highly pathogenic simian human immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6P in Macaca nemestrina. Each regimen included gene gun delivery of a DNA vaccine expressing all SHIV89.6 genes plus Env gp160 of SHIV89.6P. Additional components were two recombinant vaccinia viruses, expressing SHIV89.6 Gag-Pol or Env gp160, and inactivated SHIV89.6 virus. We compared (i) DNA priming/DNA boosting, (ii) DNA priming/inactivated virus boosting, (iii) DNA priming/vaccinia virus boosting, and (iv) vaccinia virus priming/DNA boosting versus sham vaccines in groups of 6 macaques. Prechallenge antibody responses to Env and Gag were strongest in the groups that received vaccinia virus priming or boosting. Cellular immunity to SHIV89.6 peptides was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay; strong responses to Gag and Env were found in 9 of 12 vaccinia virus vaccinees and 1 of 6 DNA-primed/inactivated-virus-boosted animals. Vaccinated macaques were challenged intrarectally with 50 50% animal infectious doses of SHIV89.6P 3 weeks after the last immunization. All animals became infected. Five of six DNA-vaccinated and 5 of 6 DNA-primed/particle-boosted animals, as well as all 6 controls, experienced severe CD4(+)-T-cell loss in the first 3 weeks after infection. In contrast, DNA priming/vaccinia virus boosting and vaccinia virus priming/DNA boosting vaccines both protected animals from disease: 11 of 12 macaques had no loss of CD4(+) T cells or moderate declines. Virus loads in plasma at the set point were significantly lower in vaccinia virus-primed/DNA-boosted animals versus controls (P = 0.03). We conclude that multigene vaccines delivered by a combination of vaccinia virus and gene gun-delivered DNA were effective against SHIV89.6P viral challenge in M. nemestrina.
Projected Heat-Related Mortality in the U.S. Urban Northeast

Increased heat-related mortality is projected to be among the major impacts of climate change on human health, and the United States urban Northeast region is likely to be particularly vulnerable. In support of regional adaptation planning, quantitative information is needed on potential future health responses at the urban and regional scales. Here, we present future projections of heat-related mortality in Boston, New York and Philadelphia utilizing downscaled next-generation climate models and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) developed in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Our analyses reveal that heat-related mortality rates per 100,000 of population during the baseline period between 1985 and 2006 were highest in Philadelphia followed by New York City and Boston. However, projected heat-related mortality rates in the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s were highest in New York City followed by Philadelphia and Boston. This study may be of value in developing strategies for reducing the future impacts of heat and building climate change resilience in the urban Northeast region.
H-2RIIBP expressed from a baculovirus vector binds to multiple hormone response elements.

H-2RIIBP is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that binds to the region II enhancer of major histocompatibility complex class I genes. Based on its homology with Drosophila XR2C/CF1, H-2RIIBP may play a role in development. By using a baculovirus expression system, a large amount of recombinant H-2RIIBP was produced. The recombinant protein accumulated in the nucleus of insect cells. A series of monoclonal antibodies reacting with the recombinant H-2RIIBP was then generated. A DNA-protein immunoprecipitation assay was developed with these antibodies, enabling the DNA-binding specificity of H-2RIIBP to be distinguished from that of an endogenous region II binding factor expressed in uninfected insect cells. We show that H-2RIIBP binds to estrogen response elements with an affinity comparable to that for the region II enhancer. H-2RIIBP also bound to some, but not all, thyroid hormone response elements and retinoic acid response elements, albeit at a lower affinity. Binding to these elemen...
Wide-area ratios of evapotranspiration to precipitation in monsoon- dependent semiarid vegetation communities

Evapotranspiration (ET) and the ratio of ET to precipitation (PPT) are important factors in the water budget of semiarid rangelands and are in part determined by the dominant plant communities. Our goal was to see if landscape changes such as tree or shrub encroachment and replacement of native grasses by invasive grasses impacted ET and ET/PPT and therefore watershed hydrology in this biome. We determined ET and ET/PPT for shrublands, grasslands and mesquite savannas in southern Arizona at five moisture flux towers and determined the environmental factors controlling ET in each plant community. We then scaled ET over areas of 4e36 km 2 , representing homogeneous patches of each plant community, using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. Over wide areas, estimated ET/PPT projected from MODIS EVI ranged from 0.71 for a sparsely-vegetated shrub site to 1.00 for grasslands and mesquite savannas. The results did not support hypotheses that encroachment of mesquites into grasslands or that replacement of native grasses with introduced Eragrostis lehmanniana (lehmann lovegrass) have increased rangeland ET.
Thermodynamic fluctuations between magnetic states from first-principles phonon calculations: The case of bcc Fe

The longstanding issue of magnetic thermodynamics containing anomalies can be resolved using a reliable model at finite temperatures: thermodynamic fluctuations among the competing collinear magnetic configurations (especially the low energy ones) in accordance with canonical partition function. Based on first-principles phonon calculations, we shed light on the magnetic materials (as exemplified in bcc Fe): the Schottky anomaly of heat capacity and the pressure-dependent Curie temperature stem from the magnetic configurational entropy due to the competition of various magnetic states.
Control Motifs for Intracellular Regulatory Networks

▪ Abstract A number of technological innovations are yielding unprecedented data on the networks of biochemical, genetic, and biophysical reactions that underlie cellular behavior and failure. These networks are composed of hundreds to thousands of chemical species and structures, interacting via nonlinear and possibly stochastic physical processes. A central goal of modern biology is to optimally use the data on these networks to understand how their design leads to the observed cellular behaviors and failures. Ultimately, this knowledge should enable cellular engineers to redesign cellular processes to meet industrial needs (such as optimal natural product synthesis), aid in choosing the most effective targets for pharmaceuticals, and tailor treatment for individual genotypes. The size and complexity of these networks and the inevitable lack of complete data, however, makes reaching these goals extremely difficult. If it proves possible to modularize these networks into functional subnetworks, then thes...
Current Directions in Structural Factor Analysis

tempts, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 221-235 (1990). 4. P.D. Trautman, M.J. Rotheram-Borus, S.A. Dopkins, and N. Lewin, Psychiatric diag noses in minority female adolescent suicide at tempters, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 617-622 (1991). 5. M.J. Rotheram-Borus, P.D. Trautman, S.A. Dopkins, and P.E. Shout, Cognitive style and pleasant activities among female adolescent suicide attempters, Journal of Consulting and Clin ical Psychology, 58, 554-561 (1990). 6. A. Spirito, L. Brown, J. Overholser, and G. Fritz, Attempted suicide in adolescence: A review and critique of the literature, Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 335-363 (1989). 7. T.M. Achenbach, Manual for the Youth Self Report and 1991 Profile (University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, 1991); T.M. Achenbach, Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist, 1991 Profile (University of Vermont, Department o? Psychiatry, Burlington, 1991); M. Kovacs and A.T. Beck, An empirical-clinical ap proach toward a definition of childhood depres sion, in Depression in Childhood: Diagnosis, Treat ment and Conceptual Models, J.G. Schulterbrandt and A. Raskin, Eds. (Raven Press, New York, 1977); D.H. Olsen, J. Portner, and Y. Lavee, FACES-III (University of Minnesota, Department of Family Social Science, St. Paul, 1985); M.E.P. Seligman, C Peterson, N.J. Kaslow, R.L. Tanen baum, L.B. Alloy, and L.Y. Abramson, Attribu tional style and depressive symptoms among children, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 235 238 (1984). 8. M.B. Summerville, M.F. Abbate, A.M. Sie gel, J. Serravezza, and N.J. Kaslow, Psychopa thology in urban female minority adolescents with suicide attempts, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 663 668 (1992). 9. M.B. Summerville, N.J. Kaslow, M.F. Ab ba te, and S. Cronan, Psychopathology, family functioning, and cognitive style in urban African American adolescents with suicide attempts, Jour nal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 221-235 (1994). 10. K.J. Doepke, A.D. Dingle, and M.B. Summerville, Follow-up and outpatient treatment in African American youth following a suicide attempt, manuscript submitted for publication (1995). 11. M.N. Wilson and T.F.J. Toison, Family support in the black community, Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 347-355 (1990). 12. J.D. Rodick, S.W. Hengeller, and C.L. Hanson, An evaluation of the Family Adaptabil ity and Cohesion Evaluation Scales and the Cir cumplex model, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychol ogy, 14, 77-87 (1986).
Regionwide Cumulative Effects Analysis of Long-Range Transportation Plans

This study investigated the feasibility and limitations of a regionwide cumulative effects analysis of long-range transportation plans (LRTPs). The key to meaningful regional cumulative effects assessment and resource conservation planning is determining when a significant impact to any given resource has been reached. This study applied a select set of natural and cultural resource metrics to the 2035 long-range transportation plans of large, medium, and small metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). A spatial analysis was conducted to calculate the cumulative loss in the distribution of four representative resources from the proposed transportation network and land use changes. The results generated information about the resource spatial distribution and retention requirements for long-term viability. The cumulative effects were measured against quantitative sustainability indicators of high, medium, and low risk; at that time, stakeholders and decision makers could make a determination of the significance of the environmental impacts before the LRTP was complete. Informed decisions can be made about trade-offs; changes can be made to plan alternatives to create more compatible plans, or mitigation of plan effects can be identified. The model used for this study is a flexible but robust model that does not impose an undue burden on a department of transportation or MPO, but it does rely on input from resource agency experts and other stakeholders. Data were readily available in a geographic information system format, and the process appears viable for most MPOs and partners.
Effects of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) exposure on reproduction and hatchling development in Northern bobwhite quail.

Adult Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were exposed via food to octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), an energetic compound found in soils at military training installations. Depuration of HMX into eggs was examined in an initial study, and effects on egg production, hatching, growth, development, and survival of chicks were examined in a follow-up study. HMX was readily and rapidly transferred from female quail into eggs. Marked weight loss was observed in quail exposed to 125 and 250 mg/kg HMX in food, likely due to reductions in food intake rather than a toxic mechanism. In the second study, significant alterations in body mass occurred among quail at concentrations >52.5 ± 9.3 mg/kg but not at 12.3 ± 1.1 mg/kg in food. Treatment-related reductions in food consumption and decreases in egg laying rates were observed. No HMX-related effects were found in chick growth or survival. Quail inhabiting HMX-contaminated sites could possibly be exposed to HMX and therefore depositi...
Nanoscale Domain Stability in Organic Monolayers on Metals

Certain organic molecules, such as alkanethiols, can adsorb On metals to form monolayers. Sometimes domains appear in the monolayers. For example, an incomplete monolayer may form islands, and a mixed-composition monolayer may separate into distinct phases. During annealing, the molecules diffuse on the metal surface. The domain boundary energy drives the domains to coarsen. The contact potential between the dissimilar domains drives the domains to refine. On the basis of existing experimental information, we suggest that the competition between coarsening and refining should stabilize certain domain patterns. We formulate a free energy functional to include the effects of mixed species, domain boundary, and contact potential. An approximate energy minimisation estimates the equilibrium domain size. We derive a diffusion equation consistent with the free energy functional. The numerical solution of the diffusion equation follows the evolution of the monolayers from a random initial concentration field to patterns of dots and stripes. We also discuss the practical implications of the theory and, in particular the possibility of guided self-assembly.
Hyperhomocysteinemia, a cardiac metabolic disease: role of nitric oxide and the p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase.

Background— Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a reliable indicator of cardiovascular disease, in part because of the production of superoxide and scavenging of nitric oxide (NO). The present study assessed the impact of HHcy on the NO-dependent control of cardiac O2 consumption and examined enzymatic sources of superoxide. Methods and Results— Rats and mice were fed methionine in drinking water for 5 to 9 weeks to increase plasma homocysteine, a process that did not cause significant changes in hemodynamic function. The ability of the NO agonists bradykinin and carbachol to reduce myocardial O2 consumption in vitro was impaired by ≈40% in methionine-fed rats, and this impairment was proportional to their individual plasma homocysteine concentration. However, responses were restored in the presence of ascorbic acid, tempol, and apocynin, which inhibits NADPH oxidase assembly. Western blots showed no difference in Cu/Zn or Mn superoxide dismutase, endothelial NO synthase, or inducible NO synthase protein, but ...
Detection of pseudosinusoidal epileptic seizure segments in the neonatal EEG by cascading a rule-based algorithm with a neural network

This paper presents an approach to detect epileptic seizure segments in the neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG) by characterizing the spectral features of the EEG waveform using a rule-based algorithm cascaded with a neural network. A rule-based algorithm screens out short segments of pseudosinusoidal EEG patterns as epileptic based on features in the power spectrum. The output of the rule-based algorithm is used to train and compare the performance of conventional feedforward neural networks and quantum neural networks. The results indicate that the trained neural networks, cascaded with the rule-based algorithm, improved the performance of the rule-based algorithm acting by itself. The evaluation of the proposed cascaded scheme for the detection of pseudosinusoidal seizure segments reveals its potential as a building block of the automated seizure detection system under development.
Shared Genetic Basis of Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac in Independent Strains of Pink Bollworm

Classical and molecular genetic analyses show that two independently derived resistant strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), share a genetic locus at which three mutant alleles confer resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac. One laboratory-selected resistant strain (AZP-R) was derived from individuals collected in 1997 from 10 Arizona cotton fields, whereas the other (APHIS-98R) was derived from a long-term susceptible laboratory strain. Both strains were previously reported to show traits of "mode 1" resistance, the most common type of lepidopteran resistance to Cry1A toxins. Inheritance of resistance to a diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac (10 microg per gram of diet) was recessive in both strains. In interstrain complementation tests for allelism, F1 progeny from crosses between the two strains were resistant to the diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac. These results indicate that a major resistance locus is shared by the two strains. Analysis of DNA from the pink bollworm cadherin gene (BtR) using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests showed that the previously identified resistance alleles (r1, r2, and r3) occurred in both strains, but their frequencies differed between strains. In conjunction with previous findings, the results reported here suggest that PCR-based detection of the three known cadherin resistance alleles might be useful for monitoring resistance to Cry1Ac-producing Bt cotton in field populations of pink bollworm.
Catholic Higher Education and Nursing: Formation of the Heart.

"Born from the heart of the church," a Catholic university that educates nurses is engaged in the "formation of the heart"; that is, in forming students who have a heart that "sees where love is needed and acts accordingly." Precisely because the identity and mission of the Catholic university make public its commitment to the "formation of an authentic human community animated by the spirit of Christ," nursing education bears witness to an integral and holistic formation of healthcare professionals who are intellectually, ethically, and spiritually transformed to seek truth, promote human dignity, and serve with charity. In nursing education, formation of the heart engages the entire university community, its students, faculty and staff, directors and administrators, as well as its communities of practice. This article describes how the identity and mission of Catholic higher education are enacted in nursing education by focusing on the formation of the heart, that is, "a heart which sees where love is needed and acts accordingly."
The Importance of Nurse Associations for Three Tropical Alpine Life Forms

Abstract We investigated biotic and abiotic associations for four growth forms in Chile's Parque Nacional Lauca, a tropical alpine puna ecosystem. We determined the biotic associations between Parastrephia lucida (Meyen) Cabr. [Asteraceae] and Festuca orthophylla Pilger. [Poaceae]. To determine if F. orthophylla was acting as a nurse plant for P. lucida, we used chi-square analysis to test for nurse plant effects. Our results indicated that F. orthophylla roots more often on bare ground and that P. lucida grows more often in association with F. orthophylla than would be expected. In testing for abiotic associations, we observed that both a tree, Polylepis tarapacana [Rosaceae], and a cactus, Tephrocactus ignescens [Cactaceae], showed positive abiotic associations with large boulders. These studies indicate that in an extreme environment, such as the South American puna, abiotic and biotic associations are important for plant survival.
Investigation of water washes suitable for very small meat plants to reduce pathogens on beef surfaces.

Water washing with a handheld hose was performed on beef surfaces to ascertain the most effective combination of methods needed to remove potentially harmful microorganisms. For these experiments, beef brisket surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter jejuni. In a pilot study, surfaces were washed with cold water (15°C) at various water pressures, spray distances, application times, and drip times, and remaining bacterial populations were determined following the enumeration and isolation of pathogens and naturally occurring hygiene indicators (mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli). The most efficacious combinations of these washing conditions were applied subsequently to artificially contaminated beef brisket surfaces in conjunction with hot (77°C), warm (54°C), and additional cold (15°C) water washes. In the cold water washing pilot study, combinations of physical washing c...
Re: Sun Exposure and Mortality From Melanoma

The relationship between sun exposure and melanoma mortality and risk of lymphoma was explored in two recent articles and a related editorial ( 1 – 3 ) . Unfortunately, the discussion in the related editorial ( 1 ) was not supported by the data presented. The study by Berwick et al. ( 2 ) demonstrated, within the limits of a retrospective study, that patients with melanoma have a better prognosis if they had previous extensive sun exposure. The indices of sun exposure refl ected many years of exposure dating to youth and did not relate to exposure in the interval after diagnosis of melanoma. No data on vitamin D levels were provided. The data strongly suggested that melanomas induced by intense sun exposure have a more benign behavior than those not induced by intense sun exposure. This is the most direct explanation for increased survival from melanomas arising in patients with a history of intense sun exposure and is analogous to experience with other sun-induced cancers. Squamous cell carcinomas of the skin induced by sun have a much better prognosis than squamous cell cancers arising in scars. This relationship between melanoma survival and sun exposure may explain the stable melanoma mortality rate despite an increase in incidence in sun – induced melanoma and has consequences for public health. Data in the article by Smedby et al. ( 3 ) suggest that participants who had extensive sun exposure had a decreased lymphoma risk compared with participants with less sun exposure. However, there was an exception for patients with a prior history of skin cancer. Thus, lymphoma risk was elevated in patients with skin cancer plus extensive sun exposure and decreased in patients with extensive sun exposure without skin cancer. This difference in risk cannot be explained by vitamin D levels because vitamin D levels should also be elevated in patients with extensive sun exposure and skin cancer. The data suggest that suninduced skin cancer is simply a marker for a decreased ability to handle carcinogenic insult. The skin cancer data confl ict with a direct link between sun exposure and lymphoma risk or a role for vitamin D. This problem with the analysis, which attributed the results to vitamin D levels, is not without consequences because it would lead to the recommendation that people increase their exposure to a carcinogen.
Spectral approaches to natural mesh processing

Mesh design is a major bottleneck in the creation of computer games and animation. Therefore simplifying the process of mesh editing is an important problem. Natural mesh processing is generally difficult to perform since natural meshes often have nontrivial surface shapes and high degrees of freedom. In this study I present novel approaches to natural mesh processing utilizing spectral methods based on the manifold harmonic basis. Geometric scaling transformations do not respect the biological processes which govern the size and shape of living creatures. I describe an approach to scaling which can be related to biological function. Known biological laws of allometry are used which are expressed as power laws to control the mesh deformation in the frequency domain. This approach is motivated by the relation between fractal biological systems and their underlying power-law spectra. I demonstrate my approach to biology-aware character scaling on triangle meshes representing quadrupedal mammals. Mesh editing is a time-consuming and error-prone process when changes must be manually applied to repeated structures in the mesh. I propose a fast and accurate method for performing region matching which is based on the manifold harmonic transform. Then this matching method is demonstrated in the context of nonlocal mesh editing - propagating mesh editing operations from a single source region to multiple target regions which may be arbitrarily far away. Finally, I show how mesh skeleton generation can be simplified using spectral approaches. These contributions will lead to more efficient methods of mesh editing and character design.
Planning motion in environments with similar obstacles

In this work, we investigate solutions to the following question: Given two motion planning problems W1 and W2 with the same robot and similar obstacles, can we reuse the computation from W1 to solve W2 more efficiently? While the answer to this question can find many practical applications, all current motion planners ignore the correspondences between similar environments. Our study shows that by carefully storing and reusing the computation we can gain significant efficiency.
Synthesis and Characterization of the SO2N3(-), (SO2)2N3(-), and SO3N3(-) Anions

SO2 solutions of azide anions are bright yellow, and their Raman spectra indicate the presence of covalently bound azide. Removal of the solvent at −64 °C from CsN3 or N(CH3)4N3 solutions produces ...
Experimental evidence that brighter males sire more extra-pair young in tree swallows

Across taxa, extra-pair mating is widespread among socially monogamous species, but few studies have identified male ornamental traits associated with extra-pair mating success, and even fewer studies have experimentally manipulated male traits to determine whether they are related directly to paternity. As a consequence, there is little experimental evidence to support the widespread hypothesis that females choose more ornamented males as extra-pair mates. Here, we conducted an experimental study of the relationship between male plumage colour and fertilization success in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), which have one of the highest levels of extra-pair mating in birds. In this study, we experimentally dulled the bright blue plumage on the back of males (with nontoxic ink markers) early in the breeding season prior to most mating. Compared with control males, dulled males sired fewer extra-pair young, and, as a result, fewer young overall. Among untreated males, brighter blue males also sired more extra-pair young, and in paired comparisons, extra-pair sires had brighter blue plumage than the within-pair male they cuckolded. These results, together with previous work on tree swallows, suggest that extra-pair mating behaviour is driven by benefits to both males and females.
Nmnat1 protects neuronal function without altering phospho-tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy

Objective The nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase protein Nmnat1 is a potent inhibitor of axonal degeneration in models of acute axonal injury. Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau are associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease and other disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that other Nmnat isoforms can act both as axonoprotective agents and have protein chaperone function, exerting protective effects in drosophila and mouse models of tauopathy. Nmnat1 targeted to the cytoplasm (cytNmnat1) is neuroprotective in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, but the effect of cytNmnat1 on tauopathy remains unknown. Methods We examined the impact of overexpression of cytNmnat1 on tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and brain functional connectivity in the P301S mouse model of chronic tauopathy. Results Overexpression of cytNmnat1 preserved cortical neuron functional connectivity in P301S mice in vivo. However, whereas Nmnat1 overexpression decreased the accumulation of detergent-insoluble tau aggregates in the cerebral cortex, it exerted no effect on immunohistochemical evidence of pathologic tau phosphorylation and misfolding, hippocampal atrophy, or inflammatory markers in P301S mice. Interpretation Our results demonstrate that cytNmnat1 partially preserves neuronal function and decreases biochemically insoluble tau in a mouse model of chronic tauopathy without preventing tau phosphorylation, formation of soluble aggregates, or tau-induced inflammation and atrophy. Nmnat1 might thus represent a therapeutic target for tauopathies.
Creating a Continuing Education Pathway for Newly Arrived Immigrants and Refugee Communities

ABSTRACTWith the increase in the number of displaced peoples, the demand for skilled social workers from diverse backgrounds to serve them is critical. This article explores a continuing education program that prepares precollege individuals from newly arriving communities who will work as entry-level workers serving these immigrant and refugee communities. The article focuses on the development of a Case Management Certificate Program as a response to community-identified issues, then presents a discussion exploring the educational pathways and unique contributions of these individuals. The article calls for the profession to explore how continuing education pathways can bridge service gaps, contribute to the knowledge base of social work, and meet current labor market demands.
Lymphoma and Whole Body CT Scan Mortality Risk

Background: Recent concerns regarding the risks of cancer and cancer-related death due to radiation from computed tomography (CT) scans (Brenner, NEJM 2007) and the lack of data demonstrating a survival advantage for surveillance CT scans following lymphoma therapy have raised questions regarding their benefit. We compared the radiation-related lifetime cancer incidence (LCI) and mortality risks (LCMR) associated with CT scans for staging and surveillance of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with the cumulative probability of lymphoma death (CPLD) during monitoring. Methods: Using 2008 NCCN Guidelines for HL and NHL, we estimated that the average number of scans a patient would need during 5 years of treatment and follow-up would be 10. We utilized published estimates of the cumulative organ-specific radiation doses from full-body CT scans (Brenner, Radiology 2004) and calculated the LCI and LCMR using sex-, age-, and organ-dependent cancer risks per 0.1Gy provided by the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations VII report. Site-specific cancer risks were summed to yield the overall LCI and LCMR as described by Brenner ( Med Phys 2001). Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data were used to identify cases between 2000 and 2005 from 17 SEER Registries and calculate CPLD for specified cohorts. Results: LCI and LCMR were lower for males and were markedly less than the CPLD at 5 years for most patients, but relevant for younger women with HL given their low risk of HL death (Table 1). The relationship between LCMR and the number of CT scans is shown in Figure 1. Additional implications of surveillance strategies on specific cancer risks will be presented. Conclusion: While the LCMR from CT scans is small compared to lymphoma-related deaths for most subgroups, these data should be discussed with patients in formulating plans for surveillance following lymphoma therapy. Table 1 LCI and LCMR due to CT scans compared with CPLD for lymphoma subtypes by age at diagnosis and gender | Lymphoma Subtype (Age at Diagnosis) | LCI from CT* | LCMR from CT* | 5-year Cumulative Probability of Lymphoma Death** | |:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:| ------------ | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------- | | | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | | * per person exposed to the cumulative radiation dose associated with 10 full-body CT scans during 5 years from diagnosis | | ** Age group studied were HL (20–29 & 80–84), DLBCL (60–79), FL (60–79), NHL (60–79) | | NHL (70 yrs) | 0.0044 | 0.0057 | 0.0032 | 0.0044 | 0.31 | 0.28 | | FL (70 yrs) | | | | | 0.22 | 0.18 | | DLBCL (70 yrs) | | | | | 0.39 | 0.37 | | HL (20 yrs) | 0.0133 | 0.0242 | 0.0070 | 0.0108 | 0.07 | 0.07 | | HL (80 yrs) | 0.0022 | 0.0030 | 0.0019 | 0.0026 | 0.47 | 0.55 | ![Figure 1 ][1] Figure 1 LCMR due to CT scans by age at diagnosis of lymphoma and gender [1]: pending:yes
A prototype of distant-talking interface for control of interactive TV

This paper aims to describe goals, challenges, and main achievements of DICIT EC project, which addressed the development of a multi-modal user-friendly interface for control of SetTopBox, TV and related services. The interface includes a microphone array to support distant-talking voice input with multiple active speakers. The front-end processing component feeds a chain including speech recognition, natural language understanding, and spoken dialogue management components. The resulting prototype was replicated at several sites and evaluated by 172 users. Results of this campaign showed effectiveness of the adopted solution as well as potential for future development of real smart-space applications.
Book publishing: University presses adapt

Roger Schonfeld analyses how the sector's scientific books are faring in the digitized, open-access era.
Communal Cartographies: Examining "Notes for a People's Atlas of Chicago"

Still ongoing, The People's Atlas is a collaborative project that seeks to create a collective and open-ended map of the City of Chicago. Residents are asked to download a blank outline of the political borders of Chicago, fill in that space with their own conceptions of the city, and then mail in their work, which is then uploaded. Subverting prescriptive understandings and representations of the city, The People's Atlas reconfigures spatial representation as always already fragmented and thus maintains an inherent critique of "official cartographies". I argue, however, that the political effectivity of the project lies not with its critique of official cartographies, but rather with the possibilities the project creates for the formation of new subjectivities and communities. In her seminal text, One Place After Another, art historian Miwon Kwon challenges "the common notion of the community as a coherent and unified social formation", proposing instead the "idea of community as a necessarily unstable and 'inoperative' specter". Taking Kwon's arguments into account, I contend that The People's Atlas both recognizes and propagates the unstable and fragmentary nature of both site and community. In transferring the production of the map to community members and "non-experts", the project creates a more democratic and collaborative production of space and knowledge. It undermines the categorical boundaries between artist and audience, inciting a continual slippage between the two. Moreover, A People's Atlas allows for the inclusion of minor subjectivities in political representation, in turn, creating the space for the formation of new communities. It is most effective not as a means of critiquing and subverting official cartographies, but rather as a cartography of subjectivity, a collective enunciation of differences.
Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Its Role in Predicting Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion.

Background Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) after acute cerebrovascular disease is common and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The incidence of SIH after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its role in shunt placement have not been systematically investigated. The present study is designed to investigate the incidence of SIH after spontaneous SAH and its determinants. The role of SIH and premorbid hyperglycemia (using glycated hemoglobin [HbA 1c ]) in predicting external ventricular drainage (EVD) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement is also investigated. Methods This study defined SIH using the glycemic gap (GG) and admission glucose:HbA 1c ratio. The receiver operating characteristic curve determined threshold values for GG and the ratio that best predicted incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality. Results We defined SIH using thresholds of 26.7 mg/dL for GG and 26 mg/dL for admission glucose:HbA 1c ratio. The incidence of SIH was higher in patients with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) (99/200 [49.5%]) than in those with nonaneurysmal SAH (16/50 [32.0%]; P = 0.03). Among 200 patients with aSAH, diabetics had higher mortality than nondiabetics (10/24 [41.7%] vs. 39/137 [21.2%]; P = 0.045). SIH among nonhydrocephalic aSAH was more likely to have EVD placed than those without (42/64 [65.6%] vs. 38/79 [48.1%]; P = 0.043). Among 143 patients with aSAH without hydrocephalus, EVD was placed more often in those with HbA 1c level ≥6.4% (15/19 [78.9%] vs. 65/124 [52.4%]; P = 0.045). Neither SIH nor HbA 1c level could predict VPS placement among aSAH survivors. Conclusions SIH is common after aSAH. In nonhydrocephalic aSAH, both SIH and premorbid uncontrolled hyperglycemia determine EVD but not VPS placement.
THE STATUS OF THE SOVIET UNION'S NORTH-SOUTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECTS BEFORE THEIR ABANDONMENT IN 1985-86

In 1985-86, the Soviet Union shelved two major north-south water transfer projects that had been a subject of study and debate for decades. One was the ambitious project to transfer water from the West Siberian Plain southward through Kazakhstan to the deserts of Central Asia; the other was a project to transfer water from northern European Russia southward into the Volga River basin. The Siberia-Central Asia project was the first to be shelved, and this decision became evident in November 1985, when it was not included in the preliminary draft of the guidelines for the new five-year plan 1986-90. The European transfer project was next to be abandoned; after having been included in the preliminary draft, this project was dropped from the final version of the draft made public in March 1986. Philip P. Micklin, who is one of the foremost Western experts on the Soviet water transfer projects, reviews the status of the water diversion plan and the arguments pro and con before the decision to abandon these pro...
On the relationship between engineering properties and delamination of composite materials

The influence of the coefficient of mutal influence, Poisson's ratio and coefficients of thermal and moisture expansion on delamination is studied. Engineering theories are compared to finite element and experimental results. It is shown that the mismatch in coefficients of mutual influence can have a strong influence on delamination with fiber angles in the 10-15 degree range being critical for adjacent layer combinations. The mismatch in coefficient of mutual influence is reduced by a factor of two and the interlaminar shear stress is reduced significantly when the + or - adjacent layers are interspersed between 0 and 90 degree layers. It is shown how the results can be used for design of composite laminates.
Family Involvement in the Nursing Home and Perceived Resident Quality of Life.

Purpose of study This study focuses on the relationship between family involvement and family perceptions of nursing home residents' quality of life (QOL). Design and methods Resident and family variables from the 2012 Ohio Family Satisfaction Survey were merged with facility information from the Certification and Survey Enhanced Reports (CASPER). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the association between family involvement and other predictors with perceived resident QOL. Results Although most of the variability in family member perceptions of resident QOL was observed at the individual level (residents and families), characteristics of the facilities were also significantly associated with perceived resident QOL. Family involvement was a strong predictor of perceived resident QOL: Families who visited frequently and provided more help with personal care perceived lower resident QOL, while those who communicated frequently with facility staff had higher perceptions of resident QOL. Interestingly, the negative association between helping with more personal care and perceiving lower resident QOL was attenuated when family members communicated more regularly with facility staff. However, as family member age increased, the positive association between communication with facility staff and resident QOL diminished. Family members who are spouses, older, non-White, and highly educated perceived resident QOL as lower. Implications Meaningful family involvement is a modifiable factor that can potentially enhance resident QOL. Facilities can become more family-oriented through encouraging communication between staff and families, helping spouses and other family members fulfill their desired caregiving role, and discussing the family's motivations for providing personal care during visits.
Let the Sunshine In: The Issue of Neolithic Longhouse Orientation

This article is focused on the deliberate orientation of longhouses observed within the wide area of the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and succeeding cultures (post-LBK). Spatial analysis is based on the assemblage of 1546 buildings, whose purpose it was to attempt to cover the whole area of longhouse distribution. Despite variability, which considerably increased over time, the alignment of house entrances towards the south or south-east was observed. The widely accepted theory of house alignment towards the ‘ancestral homeland’ is therefore challenged by a new hypothesis, which sees orientation governed by the celestial path of the sun. Using 3D-modelling of light-and-shadow and solar impact, sun alignment is discussed as an integral element of the longhouse concept already present by the time of its genesis. The tendency of aligning longhouse entrances towards the east, which emerged during the LBK expansion westwards, is considered to be a regionally limited pattern, as no analogical shift was observed in the eastern areas of longhouse distribution.
TP53 mutations and number of alterations correlate with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) determined by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET).

// Geraldine H. Chang 1 , Razelle Kurzrock 2 , Lisa Tran 2 , Maria Schwaederle 2 and Carl K. Hoh 1 1 Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine UC San Diego Health, San Diego, California, USA 2 Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA Correspondence to: Carl K. Hoh, email: ckhoh@ucsd.edu Keywords: TP53; personalized cancer therapy; PET/CT; SUVmax Received: August 31, 2017 Accepted: February 10, 2018 Epub: February 16, 2018 Published: March 06, 2018 ABSTRACT Background: Our study explored the relationship between the molecular changes in cancer and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) determined by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG). Results: A higher SUVmax correlated with TP53 alterations, but not with histologic diagnosis or other gene/pathway mutations or copy number alterations. In data from breast, lung and colon cancer, patients with the highest SUVmax show more genomic anomalies compared to those with the lowest SUVmax ( P < 0.005). Conclusions: A higher SUVmax on 18 F-FDG PET/CT is associated with TP53 tumor suppressor gene anomalies and the presence of more genomic anomalies. Since TP53 alterations and high SUVmax both correlate with a poor prognosis, the underlying mechanism/implications of this association merit further study. Methods: Overall, 176 patients with diverse cancers had a tumor biopsy within 6 months after a PET/CT image for SUVmax measurement. The biopsy was interrogated by next generation sequencing (182 to 315 genes). TP53, EGFR, ALK, MYC, MET and FGF/FGFR genes and DNA repair, PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM), MEK, CYCLIN, and WNT pathway genes were analyzed.
Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure With Recovered Ejection Fraction - Outcomes From an Urban Teaching Medical Center.

Background Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) is a newly emerged subset of patients who previously had reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but had improvement or recovery by natural history or in response to therapy. The aim of this study was to determine survival of patients with HFrecEF and compare it to those with HFrEF. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients admitted to the University of Florida Jacksonville medical center with a new diagnosis of HFrEF from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. Patients 18 years or older with a verified diagnosis of HFrEF, at least 2 echocardiograms within the study period on guideline directed medical therapy were identified from medical records. The diagnosis of HFrecEF was defined as the most current LVEF ≥40% and a previously documented LVEF Results Of the 1521 patients included in the study 181 (11.2%) had EF recovery to >40%. The mean follow up was 4.9 years, the maximal follow up 5.6 years. The mean age of patients with HFrecEF was 61.5 years, 57.4% were male, 54.1% were Caucasian ( Table 1 ). Overall, 384 (25.2%) patients died in the study cohort. The probability of age and sex adjusted all-cause death was significantly higher in the HFrEF group compared to the HFrecEF group (log-rank Chi-square = 9.8, 26.5% vs16%, p=0.0018). The Hazard Ratio for mortality over the study period was 0.60 (95% CI 0.41-0.87, p=0.008) for HFrEF vs. HFrecEF ( Figure 1 ). Conclusions HFrecEF in an urban teaching hospital is a heterogeneous group of patients with different demographics and comorbidities compared to HFrEF. Although patients with HFrecEF have lower all-cause mortality rate than HFrEF further investigations to determine the optimal medical management of this subgroup of patients are necessary.
A scalable online tool for quantitative social network assessment reveals potentially modifiable social environmental risks

Social networks are conduits of support, information, and health behavior flows. Existing measures of social networks used in clinical research are typically summative scales of social support or artificially truncated networks of ≤ 5 people. Here, we introduce a quantitative social network assessment tool on a secure open-source web platform, readily deployable in large-scale clinical studies. The tool maps an individual’s personal network, including specific persons, their relationships to each other, and their health habits. To demonstrate utility, we used the tool to measure the social networks of 1493 persons at risk of multiple sclerosis. We examined each person’s social network in relation to self-reported neurological disability. We found that the characteristics of persons surrounding the participant, such as negative health behaviors, were strongly associated with the individual’s functional disability. This quantitative assessment reveals the key elements of individuals’ social environments that could be targeted in clinical trials.
Neoliberalism from Below: Popular Pragmatics & Baroque Economies by Verónica Gago

Gago, Veronica. Neoliberalism from Below: Popular Pragmatics & Baroque Economies . Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017.
Short Stature, Prolonged Fever and Lymphoproliferation

Studies on patients with STAT3 mutations, will expand the understanding of the pathophysiology of STAT3 function and its importance in regulating the immune system