cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
S22 Risk factors and secondary care utilisation in a primary care population with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in the UK

Introduction and objective Prior research has identified risk factors associated with developing nontuberculous mycobacterial disease (NTMD)1; we identified risk factors and secondary care utilisation of NTMD patients in the UK. Methods This was a matched case-control study using electronic healthcare records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 2006–2016. NTMD was defined using prescription data and Read codes, based on international guidelines.2 Risk factors for NTMD were investigated using conditional logistic regression within a general population and a chronic respiratory diseases subpopulation (CRDs: asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, interstitial lung disease and cystic fibrosis). All-cause secondary care utilisation (combined inpatient, outpatient, emergency visits) was investigated for participants with linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), using incidence rate ratio (IRR) from 2007–2015. Results We identified 1225 individuals with NTMD, 463 with underlying CRD. A subset of individuals (426 general; 163 CRD) were eligible for linkage with HES. In the general population adjusted model, risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of NTMD included being underweight (odds ratio (OR): 2.92; 95% CI: 1.95, 4.36); bronchiectasis (OR: 23.3; 12.4–43.9); COPD (OR: 2.47; 1.69–3.62); chronic kidney disease (OR: 3.07; 2.21–4.27); lung cancer (OR: 14.9; 3.98–55.7); diabetes (OR: 1.54; 1.14–2.08); previous tuberculosis (OR 69.0; 47.7–99.8); rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 2.12; 1.05–4.27); immunosuppressive (excluding corticosteroids) medication (OR: 3.05; 1.15–8.10); inhaled corticosteroids (OR: 1.51; 1.07–2.14); and oral corticosteroids (OR: 7.28; 4.94–10.7) (figure 1). CRD population adjusted risk factors included being underweight (OR: 4.70; 2.58–8.55); bronchiectasis (OR: 6.88; 4.46–10.6); lung cancer (OR: 8.83; 2.59–30.1); previous tuberculosis (OR: 36.1; 21.7–60.2); rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 2.49; 1.04–5.97); immunosuppressive (excluding corticosteroids) medication (OR: 9.23; 2.12–40.1); inhaled corticosteroids (OR: 1.52; 1.11–2.08); and oral corticosteroids (OR: 6.17; 4.17–9.13) (figure 1). NTMD patients had significantly higher rates of secondary care utilisation than non-NTMD patients (general IRR: 5.80; 5.14–6.46); CRD IRR: 3.26; 2.89–3.62). Conclusions Previous tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, immunosuppressive medication and OCS increased odds of NTMD the most within the general and CRD populations. NTMD increased secondary care utilisation in both populations. References Andrejak C. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201772 Axson EL. doi:10.1007/s10096-018-3315-6
Insights From Library Information and Resource Sharing for the Future of Academic Library Collections

The successes and challenges of library resource sharing offer important lessons for librarians considering the future of academic library collections. Library resource sharing specialists provide ...
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors expression in ovine corpora lutea during luteal phase: effect of nutritional plane and follicle-stimulating hormone treatment.

Abstract Corpus luteum (CL), a transient endocrine gland critical for reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy maintenance, is controlled by numerous regulatory factors. Although LH is widely recognized as the major regulator, other factors may also affect luteal functions. It has been demonstrated that FSH receptors (FSHR) are expressed not only in ovarian follicles but also in other tissues within the reproductive tract, including the CL. To evaluate FSHR expression in nontreated (nonsuperovulated; experiment 1) or FSH-treated (superovulated; experiment 2) sheep fed a control (C; maintenance), excess (O; 2 × C), or restricted (U; 0.6 × C) diet, CL were collected at the early, mid and/or late luteal phases (n = 5–7 per group). Protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of FSHR were detected in the CL from all groups using immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor was immunolocalized to steroidogenic small and large and nonsteroidogenic luteal cells. In both experiments, FSHR protein expression was not affected by stage of luteal development or diet. In experiment 1, expression of mRNA for all FSHR variants was greater (P
Traffic monitoring using an adaptive sensor power scheduling algorithm

Using sensors to monitor surface or subsurface traffic requires sensor placement, detection of traffic changes, and sensor power scheduling for improved efficiency. Of these capabilities, sensor power scheduling is one of the most important as the appropriate sensors must be selected for activation to respond to changes in the traffic. We present an adaptive power scheduling algorithm that uses the homogeneous equilibrium of a potential-field-based dynamical system to determine which sensors should be active. Our algorithm assumes a nearest neighbor topology, which makes additional assumptions about the placement of sensors. We formalize these conditions and construct a sensor placement algorithm to support our scheduling algorithm. To demonstrate the efficacy of our scheduling approach, we provide two distinctive traffic detection algorithms that we combine with our placement and scheduling algorithm to test via simulation. We provide the simulation results that show in both cases, the adaptive scheduling algorithm behaves efficiently as compared to an area coverage approach , as well as an all-active path coverage approach.
Improving and Streamlining Continuum of Care By Integrating Apheresis Collections within Our Clinical Program

Apheresis collections is an integral part of any cellular therapy program. Continuum of care is critical to ensuring patient safety, improving staff and patient satisfaction, and reducing costs. As similar to other transplant centers, our apheresis collections were performed outside of the program. This department offered multiple services to the hospital system and lacked the appropriate infrastructure to provide pre and post supportive care thus requiring patients to receive care in various locations on the same day. Fragmented care impacts quality, costs, and outcomes. In an effort to address these issues, apheresis collections were merged to a newly created centralized ambulatory stem cell transplant unit. Apheresis collections were moved to a new physical location within the cancer center and we included pre and post collection assessments and supportive care. In addition to eliminating patient travel to multiple buildings in our large campus, it improved communication between nurses and physicians by integrating apheresis staff and activities within our program. It improved the effectiveness of mobilization to initiation of apheresis, allowing for collection during optimal elevation of stem cell counts. The unit was also designed to allow for multiple types of patient visits with easy access to the pharmacy located within our cancer hospital thus resulting in centralized management of care. To measure the impact of this process improvement initiative, we reviewed apheresis collection data with regard to number of collections per patient. The percentage of patients requiring multiple collections (i.e. 2 or more) was reduced from 64% to 45% decreasing cost by a minimum of $500 per case. Collection targets achieved increased from 79% to 89%. Incorporating apheresis collections into our cellular therapy program has improved and streamlined continuum of care for our patients. It has unified staff and activities thereby increasing operational effectiveness, improving patient satisfaction, and reducing costs.
Emerging investigator series: ion diffusivities in nanoconfined interfacial water films contribute to mineral carbonation thresholds

The dynamics and reactivity of nanoconfined fluids play critical roles across a wide range of environmental and technological systems, though reaction mechanisms and kinetics are not well understood. The carbonation kinetics of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) exposed to 90 atm supercritical carbon dioxide at 35–65 °C and 85–100% relative humidity (RH) was monitored with in situ X-ray diffraction, and partner molecular dynamics simulations were used to describe the free energy landscape of Mg2+ adsorption and diffusion on forsterite surfaces covered in water films 3–10 monolayers thick. The collective findings reveal how decreasing the water film thickness by ∼1.4 monolayers, from ∼0.92 to ∼0.64 nm, inhibited reaction rates by up to 97%, promoted anhydrous Mg-carbonate (magnesite, MgCO3) precipitation, and more than doubled the apparent activation energy of carbonation. The transport simulations suggest that four monolayers are required to enable sufficiently facile Mg2+ diffusion, helping explain previously observed water film thickness-dependent reactivity thresholds.
The Hearing-Aid Speech Perception Index (HASPI) Version 2

Abstract This paper presents a revised version of the Hearing-Aid Speech Perception Index (HASPI). The index is based on a model of the auditory periphery that incorporates changes due to hearing loss and is valid for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. It is an intrusive metric that compares the time-frequency envelope and temporal fine structure (TFS) of a degraded signal to an unprocessed reference. The first modification to HASPI is an extension to the range of envelope modulation rates considered in the metric. HASPI applies a lowpass filter to the time-frequency envelope modulation, and in the new version this single filter is replaced by a modulation filterbank. The temporal fine structure (TFS) analysis in the original version of HASPI is replaced by the filterbank outputs at higher modulation rates that represent auditory roughness and periodicity. The second modification is replacing the parametric model combining envelope and TFS measurements used in the original version with an ensemble of neural networks. The improved version of HASPI is compared to the original version for datasets from five experiments that encompass noise and nonlinear distortion, frequency compression, ideal binary mask noise suppression, speech modified using a noise vocoder, and speech in reverberation. The new version of HASPI is shown to have a statistically-significant reduction in RMS error compared to the original version for most of the data considered, and to be significantly more accurate for speech in reverberation.
A Call to Action: A High Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions in Septic Compared with Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) after primary total hip arthroplasty (pTHA) are known to have a profound impact on patients' pain and function. However, there is little evidence on the association between PJIs and mental health in pTHA and revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of mental health conditions among patients undergoing (1) pTHA, (2) septic rTHA, and (3) aseptic rTHA. All THAs performed between 2005 and 2014 were queried using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases. This yielded 468,663 patients. Patients were separated into the following cohorts based on procedure: primary, septic revision, and aseptic revision. Diagnoses of any mental health condition as well as the following specific conditions were compared among the three cohorts: schizophrenia/delusion, bipolar disorder, depression/mood disorder, personality disorder, anxiety/somatic/dissociative disorder, eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder/conduct/impulse control, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse. Univariate analysis was performed to assess differences and trends in mental health conditions among the three cohorts. The prevalence of mental health conditions overall in rTHA patients increased throughout the study period. There was a significantly higher prevalence of mental health conditions overall among patients in the septic rTHA cohort (n = 1,818, 28.0%) compared with the pTHA (n = 81,616, 19.2%; p
Exertion-aware path generation

We propose a novel approach for generating paths with desired exertion properties, which can be used for delivering highly realistic and immersive virtual reality applications that help users achieve exertion goals. Given a terrain as input, our optimization-based approach automatically generates feasible paths on the terrain which users can bike to perform body training in virtual reality. The approach considers exertion properties such as the total work and the perceived level of path difficulty in generating the paths. To verify our approach, we applied it to generate paths on a variety of terrains with different exertion targets and constraints. To conduct our user studies, we built an exercise bike whose force feedback was controlled by the elevation angle of the generated path over the terrain. Our user study results showed that users found exercising with our generated paths in virtual reality more enjoyable compared to traditional exercising approaches. Their energy expenditure in biking the generated paths also matched with the specified targets, validating the efficacy of our approach.
RAS Function in cancer cells: translating membrane biology and biochemistry into new therapeutics

The three human RAS proteins are mutated and constitutively activated in ∼20% of cancers leading to cell growth and proliferation. For the past three decades, many attempts have been made to inhibit these proteins with little success. Recently; however, multiple methods have emerged to inhibit KRAS, the most prevalently mutated isoform. These methods and the underlying biology will be discussed in this review with a special focus on KRAS-plasma membrane interactions.
Ischaemic heart and cerebrovascular disease mortality in uranium enrichment workers.

Objective Linear and non-linear dose–response relationships between radiation absorbed dose to the lung from internally deposited uranium and external sources and circulatory system disease (CSD) mortality were examined in a cohort of 23 731 male and 5552 female US uranium enrichment workers. Methods Rate ratios (RRs) for categories of lung dose and linear excess relative rates (ERRs) per unit lung dose were estimated to evaluate the associations between lung absorbed dose and death from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease. Results There was a suggestion of modestly increased IHD risk in workers with internal uranium lung dose above 1 milligray (mGy) (RR=1.4, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.3) and a statistically significantly increased IHD risk with external dose exceeding 150 mGy (RR=1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) compared with the lowest exposed groups. ERRs per milligray were positive for IHD and uranium internal dose and for both outcomes per gray external dose, although the CIs generally included the null. Conclusions Non-linear dose–response models using restricted cubic splines revealed sublinear responses at lower internal doses, suggesting that linear models that are common in radioepidemiological cancer studies may poorly describe the association between uranium internal dose and CSD mortality.
The greatness of smallness: Amos Oz, Sherwood Anderson, and the American presence in Hebrew literature

This article offers a comparative reading of stories by Amos Oz and Sherwood Anderson to propose “smallness” – evoked by genre, setting, and literary devices – as a vital literary strategy structur...
Prognostic value of androgen receptor expression and molecular alterations in metastatic triple-negative or low hormone receptor breast carcinomas.

Summary Metastatic breast carcinomas (BCs) with phenotype of triple-negative (TNBC) or low hormonal receptor levels [estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)
Factors associated with return musculoskeletal specialty visits.

Abstract Introduction Prior studies suggested that a greater number of return visits is associated with greater symptoms of depression and greater symptom intensity. Methods All new adult patients presenting for musculsoskeletal specialty care between October 2017 and October 2018 were included. Patients completed the PROMIS Global Health, the PHQ-2, and the GAD-7 as part of usual care. Results Accounting for confounders, having a return visit was associated with lower PROMIS Global Health, greater symptoms of depression, and greater symptoms of anxiety. Conclusions These findings provide support for the importance of 1) improved coordination with non-specialist referring clinicians, and 2) interdisciplinary care teams. Level of evidence Level II, Prognostic.
Medical Treatments for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetes remains the single most common cause of peripheral neuropathy in the United States and other developed countries, affecting millions of patients. Neuropathic pain is a frequent complication in this group, affecting over 25 % and substantially impacting quality of life and function, even when other neurological deficits are mild. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain have enabled rational testing of a wide array of pharmacological agents which have proven effective in treating diabetic painful neuropathy. Concurrent advances in the broader field of pain medicine have fostered the development of both pain specialists and multidisciplinary clinics which are available for more refractory cases. With these therapeutic options, the vast majority of patients with DPN can be successfully treated with appropriate strategies, and can return to normal occupational and social functioning.
Environmental Protection: The Changing Nature of National Governance

The fundamental question that needs to be addressed by public policy in the area of environmental protection as we move into the next century is, "what is the appropriate role of government?" This question emerges along three fundamental dimensions in relation to environmental protection, which are closely interrelated but conceptually distinct: (1) what is the appropriate degree of government activity; (2) what form should government activity take; and (3) what level of government should be delegated responsibility? In this brief essay, I attempt to define the questions clearly, suggest criteria that can be used to evaluate responses, and provide outlines of some initial answers.
Impact of channelization on oyster production: a hydrodynamic-oyster population model for Galveston Bay, Texas

A hydrodynamic-oyster population dynamics model was developed to assess the effect of a change in ship channel configuration under different freshwater inflow regimes and different future hydrologies on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations in Galveston Bay, Texas. The population dynamics model includes the effects of environmental conditions, predators, and the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus on oyster populations. The hydrodynamic model includes the effects of wind stress, river runoff, tides, and oceanic exchange on the circulation of the Bay. Simulations were run for low, mean, and high freshwater inflow conditions under the present (1993) hydrology and predicted hydrologies for 2024 and 2049 that include anticipated water diversion projects to satisfy the freshwater demands of population growth in metropolitan Houston, Texas. Simulation results show that oyster biomass was predicted to increase after enlargement of the ship channel. Oyster biomass is expected to increase on about 53% of total reef acreage when averaged over a 50-yr time span. Oyster reef acreage characterized by increased biomass after channel enlargement increases moderately under the present hydrology and the 2049 hydrology, but decreases slightly in 2024. Lower biomass in 2024 is due to reduced freshwater inflow and increased saltwater intrusion that pushes the optimal areas for oyster growth somewhat farther upbay than in 2049. Declines in oyster biomass, noted in most simulations in downbay reaches, were more than balanced by increased oyster biomass upbay. The differential between upbay and downbay reefs can be explained by an increase in mortality from Perkinsus marinus downbay and saltwater intrusion upbay that expands the area characterized by moderate salinities. The 20th century history of Galveston Bay is one of expansion of isohaline structure and increased oyster production as a result of anthropogenic modification of bay physiography. The salinity gradient of the 1990s, however, is not in equilibrium with the distribution of hard substrate required for oyster growth, that reflects an earlier equilibrium with the pre-1900s hydrodynamics. Increased saltwater intrusion is normally disadvantageous to oyster populations; but, in this case, channel enlargement further expands the salinity gradient upbay and outward (east and west) from the channel. As a result, in most years, oyster biomass is increased because moderate salinities cover more of the pre-1900s reef tracts where hard substrate is plentiful.
Partial-Order Reduction in the Weak Modal Mu-Calculus

We present a partial-order reduction technique for local model checking of hierarchical networks of labeled transition systems in the weak modal mu-calculus. We have implemented our technique in the Concurrency Factory specification and verification environment; experimental results show that partial-order reduction can be highly effective in combating state explosion in modal mu-calculus model checking.
Adultery (biocultural aspects)

Adultery, defined as sexual and/or romantic involvement with someone other than one’s spouse, is a worldwide phenomenon. Many psychological, social, economic, and biological forces contribute, including the degree of dissatisfaction with the primary relationship, boredom, poor communication, attachment style, personality traits, including the “Big Five” personality traits and degree of narcissism, alcoholism and depression, imbalances of power and education in the primary relationship, and opportunity and duration of the marriage. Genes in the vasopressin system and the immune system are also likely to be involved, as well as basic brain architecture. The biological mechanisms associated with infidelity suggest that adultery is an aspect of the human reproductive strategy that evolved during human prehistory. Infidelity may have had reproductive payoffs, selecting for the ubiquity and persistence of this cross-cultural phenomenon today. Keywords: adultery; biology; culture; evolution; infidelity
Spinal headache and postconcussion headache

Summary Dihydroergoteristine, or a mixture of dihydroergotcristine, dihydroergotcornine and dihydroergotkryptine, are reported as agents for the relief of pain in spinal headache and postconcussion headache. In a preliminary report of seventy-three patients who did not respond to analgesics or placebos, approximately So per cent obtained rapid relief of headache. The rapid relief in these eases suggests that vasoconstriction is associated with the -pain mechanism in a significant proportion of eases. Additional action of these drugs has been reported, such as antistress properties and central sedative effect. What role these additional factors play in the relief of pain is undetermined at this time.
The gross pathology of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease is a broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring immune response, and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two major types are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Considering the evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, gross pathologic examination represents an integral component in its diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this review is to address the following: (1) describe the main gross findings of inflammatory bowel disease that facilitate discrimination between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; (2) discuss atypical/non-classical presentations of inflammatory bowel disease; (3) highlight the importance of gross inspection in detecting and sampling suspicious areas for dysplasia and/or malignancy in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease; and (4) offer practical guidelines for grossing inflammatory bowel disease specimens.
Velocity estimation from widely spaced encoder pulses

It is often necessary to estimate the velocity of mechanical systems from the output of a digital encoder. Due to cost and/or noise problems, there maybe no direct velocity measurement available on such systems. Velocity reversal and sparseness of encoder signals are not handled well by traditional estimators. This paper proposes a transition logic based switching algorithm and an asynchronous multirate Luenberger observer based estimator to reduce these problems.
Recent developments in the theory of front propagation and its applications

We describe a new theory for studying the geometric motion of interfaces past the first times singularities develop. We also show how this theory allows one to justify and study the development of such interfaces in a wide range of applications, from the asymptotics of recation-diffusion equations and systems and hydrodynamic limits of particles systems in phase transitions to turbulent combustion.
Correction to the potential in born approximation arising from direct-channel strips.—II

The ππ partial wave ampltude (p.w.a.) is studied in the one-channel approximation for the statel=I=1. The Born approximation to the force operating in the direct channel is assumed to be saturated by σ-exchange in the crossed reactions for this state. This amounts to a “strip approximation” to the force. However, the direct channel strips must also contribute to the potential and there are 2 relatively simple ways to estimate this effect. The first was treated in a previous paper and involved putting an asymptotic constraint on the p.w.a.,B 1 (ν) =A 1 (ν)/ν l which has the threshold factor divided out. The correction to the Born approximation was an attractive force in the statel=I=1. The second method is the subject of this paper and involves working with the p.w.a.,A 1 l (ν), and imposing on it the usual threshold constraint. The correction to the Born approximation in this case is a strong repulsive force. The 2 methods give qualitatively very different effects in ππ scattering, although the present method is probably more reliable. We finally show how to relate the 2 corrections at low energies.
Decolonizing the Centralist Mind: Legal Pluralism and the Rule of Law

By and large, in the study of the rule of law and in programmatic efforts in the field to achieve it, sufficient heed has not been paid to the central lesson that legal pluralism has laid bare. This is that in any social field, there is more than one functioning legal system. In other words, state law invariably operates together with other legal systems in the same social field, each of which is "semi-autonomous" in its workings and none of which enjoys a monopoly on the maintenance of order. Indeed, there is much evidence that the role of the state as a global matter is evolving in a fashion that might very well decrease its influence in this complex system. Until and unless rule of law reformers grow acculturated to these realities, efforts to institute the rule of law are likely to fall well short of expectations. This involves more than merely understanding how different legal systems operate in the broader social matrix. It even involves more than making the obvious concession to reality that any rule of law program operating in the developing world must, and often does, make; namely, that there are functioning nonstate systems, that they tend to dominate the legal landscape, and that they must therefore be a matter of premier concern. More centrally, it requires a form of decolonization of the mind. Specifically, rule of law policies and programs must come to realize that legal systems that are autonomous of state law will invariably exist, irrespective of what type of rule of law society ultimately emerges. This chapter explores the deficiencies associated with the legal centralist assumption in the context of rule of law efforts, and the means by which rule of law as an operational matter could be better deployed once we deacculturate ourselves from that unjustified assumption. While the lessons are intended to be universal, the reference used to illustrate the point is the Islamic world, particularly Shi'i dominated central and southern Iraq.
Intersensory redundancy educates human infants' attention to the prosody of speech

OF THE THESIS INTERSENSORY REDUNDANCY EDUCATES HUMAN INFANTS' ATTENTION TO THE PROSODY OF SPEECH
The Pocket Handbook of Imaging Processing Algorithms in C

This handy desktop reference gathers together into one easy-to-use volume the most popular image processing algorithms. Designed to be used at the computer terminal, it features an illustrated, annotated dictionary format -- with clear, concise definitions, examples, and C program code.
R&M initiatives for the 60-degree V-6 engine manufacturing program

A Reliability and Maintainability (R&M) program has been implemented by the Ford Motor Company for manufacturing machinery and equipment purchased by Cleveland Engine Plant. This equipment is used to manufacture V-6 aluminum internal combustion engines in 2.5 and 3.0 liter configurations for use in Ford automobiles. This represents the first time within the company that equipment has been purchased using life cycle cost techniques and implementing R&M practices and analyses. The R&M program encompassed six major elements: supplier awareness, electrical control architecture, electrical equipment selection, application of life cycle cost techniques, a four part machine tool builder R&M initiative and a failure reporting, analysis and corrective action program. The requirement of the machine tool builders to consider R&M in the simultaneous engineering phase did not increase the bid prices of any of these original equipment manufacturers. >
Relations between mother-child discussions of children's preschool and kindergarten experiences☆

Twenty-seven mothers and their children recorded two conversations about a typical school day: Once when the children were 4 years old and attending preschool (Time 1) and approximately 18 months later, when they were in kindergarten (Time 2). The conversations were examined in order to identify mothers' tendencies to request information related to a variety of specific school-related topics, the types of requests made, and children's tendencies to provide information about their experiences. Also examined were the tendency of dyads to discuss specific school-related topics as a function of the gender of the child, and the relation between mothers' use of elaborations at Time 1 and children's reports of acts at Time 2. No differences were found in the tendencies for mothers to request information or for children to provide information in relation to school-related topics at Time 1; however, mother-son dyads discussed learning-related topics more often, and mother-daughter dyads discussed other individuals more frequently at Time 2. Maternal elaborations related to learning and other individuals at Time 1 were associated with children's reports of acts related to those topics at Time 2. The relation of these findings with children's implicit socialization experiences is discussed.
A simplified lysis method allowing the use of biotinylated probes in colony hybridization.

Abstract A method is described for the lysis of bacterial cells grown on nitrocellulose filters which allows the use of nonradioactive (biotin labeled) probes in colony hybridization. Used in conjunction with a colorimetric assay involving streptavidin and alkaline phosphatase this lysis method allows the detection of clones containing a target nucleic acid sequence. Sites of positive hybridization produce dark blue-purple signals, while nonreacting clones give very light blue signals. The occurrence of false-positive and background signals is minimal. With pBR322 as the target sequence it was possible to detect approximately 20 clones in the presence of 105 plasmid-free cells. It was also possible to detect low-frequency plasmid-free cells in a population of clones containing the target sequence.
An unusual presentation of McCune-Albright syndrome confirmed by an activating mutation of the Gs alpha-subunit from a bone lesion.

The McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is characterized clinically by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait skin lesions, sexual precocity, and various other endocrinopathies. Recent investigations suggest an etiological role for embryonic somatic missense mutations that predict the substitution of a His or Cys for Arg at amino acid 201 of the Gs alpha-subunit (Gs alpha). Identification of these mutations in affected tissues is a sensitive assay that may help define a more complete clinical spectrum of the MAS. We investigated a woman who developed fibrous dysplasia 24 yr after premature menstruation. To determine if this was an unusual MAS variant, DNA and RNA were analyzed from affected and unaffected tissues. From samples of affected rib and normal rib DNA was extracted, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, subcloned, and sequenced. RNA was extracted from affected bone, reverse transcribed, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, subcloned, and sequenced. DNA sequence predicting a His for Arg subs...
The Politics of Equality for Women

The cultural assumption that men should provide leadership in private and public affairs, with its implications about political and social power, has been under challenge. In the past few decades, a national consensus has pressed for action to undo the effects of sex discrimination via governors' commissions, federal and state legislation, and executive orders. Visible gains have been made in women's access to education, broader employment opportunities, entrepreneurial capital and credit, pay equity, and participation in politics. Women have learned to recognize the "muscle" inherent in being at least half the population.
Non-Darcy displacement in linear composite and radial aquifer during CO2 sequestration

This paper presents Buckley-Leverett type analytical solutions for non-Darcy displacement of two immiscible fluids in linear and radial composite porous media. High velocity or non-Darcy flow commonly occurs in the vicinity of the wellbore because of smaller flowing cross-sectional areas. However, the effect of such non-Darcy flow has been traditionally ignored. To examine the physical behaviour of multiphase immiscible fluids in non-Darcy displacement, an extended Buckley-Leverett type of solution is discussed. There exists a Buckley-Leverett type solution for describing non-Darcy displacement in a linear homogeneous reservoir. This work extends the solution to flow in linear and radial composite flow systems. We present several new Buckley-Leverett type analytical solutions for non-Darcy flow in more complicated flow geometries of linear and radial composite reservoirs, based on non-Darcy flow models of Forchheimer and Barree-Conway. As application examples, we use the analytical solutions to verify numerical simulation results as well as to discuss non-Darcy displacement behaviour. This theory of non-Darcy flow displacement is applied to evaluate the flow behaviour near wellbore areas during CO2 sequestration. The results show how non-Darcy displacement during CO2 injection in linear and radial composite systems is controlled not only by relative permeability, but also by non-Darcy coefficients, characteristic length, injection rates, as well as discontinuities in the saturation profile across the interfaces between adjacent composite flow domains.
On the Gauss-Helmert model with a singular dispersion matrix where B Q is of smaller rank than B

The case of a singular dispersion matrix within the Gauss-Helmert Model has been considered before, usually assuming a sufficiently small rank deficiency in order to guarantee a unique solution for both the residual vector as well as the estimated parameter vector of type Best Linear Uniformly Unbiased Estimate (BLUUE). In this contribution the emphasis is shifted towards establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for a unique residual vector, along with a unique estimate of type Best Linear Uniformly Minimum Bias Estimate (BLUMBE) for the parameter vector. Should uniformly unbiased estimates exist, the BLUMBE obviously becomes the BLUUE.
Galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) -induced expression of cytokine-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthases via AP-1 and C/EBP: implications for Krabbe disease

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) is characterized by the accumulation of a toxic metabolite, psychosine (galactosylsphingosine), which is a substrate for the deficient enzyme (galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase). This study underscores the possible role of psychosine in the effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) -derived NO in the pathophysiology of this demyelinating disease. For the first time, we provide evidence of the expression of iNOS in CNS of Krabbe patient and show that the iNOS-expressing cells in the CNS were astrocytes. Psychosine potentiated the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) in primary rat astrocytes and regulated the cytokine-mediated production of NO in C6 glioma and primary rat astrocyte. Psychosine induced cytokine-mediated nuclear translocation of AP-1 and C/EBP by potentiating the expression of Fra-1 and C/EBP-delta proteins. This suggests that psychosine maintained or sustained the cytokine-primed expression of iNOS by further potentiating the nuclear translocation of AP-1 and C/EBP without modulating the cytokine-mediated transcription activity of NF-kappaB. This study hypothesizes that accumulated psychosine leads to production of cytokines and iNOS expression. The ensuing excessive production of NO and ONOO- may play a role in pathogenesis of Krabbe disease.
Human chromosome 19 carries a poliovirus receptor gene

The chromosome complements of human/mouse hybrid cell lines of mouse 3T3-4E and RAG parentage have been analyzed using chromosome banding methods. Three lines that were susceptible to lytic infection with poliovirus contained eleven to seventeen human chromosomes, including chromosome 19. Polio-resistant sublines of these contained no chromosome 19 and showed no other consistent change in the complement of human chromosomes. Human chromosome 19 therefore is essential for polio-sensitivity. Since polio sensitivity was correlated with receptor activity in these lines, we conclude that chromosome 19 carries the structural gene for the poliovirus receptor. Sensitivity to echo-7 and Rhino-1A viruses could not be related to the presence of a specific human chromosome.
Atomic resolution EELS analysis of a misfit dislocation at a GeSi/Si interface

Abstract A dissociated 60° misfit dislocation at the substrate interface of a Si/GexSi(1−x) heterojunction has been examined using EELS and ADF imaging. New spectra are obtained at the intrinsic stacking fault, at the dislocation cores and in the strained regions on either side of the stacking fault. A splitting of the L1 conduction band due to symmetry breaking at the stacking fault is observed. Near edge conduction band states are verified at the partial dislocation cores, but not at the stacking fault.
A teleological account of Cartesian sensations

Alison Simmons, in Simmons (1999), argues that Descartes in Meditation Six offered a teleological account of sensory representation. According to Simmons, Descartes’ view is that the biological function of sensations explains both why sensations represent what they do (i.e., their referential content) and why they represent their objects the way they do (i.e., their presentational content). Moreover, Simmons claims that her account has several advantages over other currently available interpretations of Cartesian sensations. In this paper, I argue that Simmons’ teleological account cannot be sustained for both theoretical and textual reasons and that it does not have the advantages it is claimed to have.
A new concept in teaching anatomy and radiologic anatomy

Abstract The success of a course can be measured by the response of the class and the fun the teachers have in presenting it. If both of these indices are high, there is little need to worry about how much the students learn. The course in morphodynamics of the human body at the University of Pennsylvania is thus a successful one.
Efficient implementation of the pair atomic resolution of the identity approximation for exact exchange for hybrid and range- separated density functionals.

An efficient new molecular orbital (MO) basis algorithm is reported implementing the pair atomic resolution of the identity approximation (PARI) to evaluate the exact exchange contribution (K) to self-consistent field methods, such as hybrid and range-separated hybrid density functionals. The PARI approximation, in which atomic orbital (AO) basis function pairs are expanded using auxiliary basis functions centered only on their two respective atoms, was recently investigated by Merlot et al. [J. Comput. Chem. 2013, 34, 1486]. Our algorithm is significantly faster than quartic scaling RI-K, with an asymptotic exchange speedup for hybrid functionals of (1 + X/N), where N and X are the AO and auxiliary basis dimensions. The asymptotic speedup is 2 + 2X/N for range separated hybrids such as CAM-B3LYP, ωB97X-D, and ωB97X-V which include short- and long-range exact exchange. The observed speedup for exchange in ωB97X-V for a C68 graphene fragment in the cc-pVTZ basis is 3.4 relative to RI-K. Like conventional R...
Explicit elasticity–conductivity connections for composites with anisotropic inhomogeneities

Abstract Explicit elasticity–conductivity connections for anisotropic heterogeneous materials were recently derived and verified experimentally by the present authors. The constituents were assumed isotropic, so that the overall anisotropy was due solely due to nonrandom orientations of inhomogeneities. Motivated by the materials science applications that deal with strongly anisotropic inclusions, we derive alternative elasticity–conductivity connections that cover these cases. They hold for a broad class of orientation distributions—up to three families of parallel inhomogeneities forming arbitrary angles with each other, with moderate orientation scatter allowed in each of the families. In the case of the isotropic inhomogeneities, this form has substantially better accuracy than the approximate connections derived earlier. The results are compared with experimental data on fiber-reinforced plastics. The agreement is quite good for the entire set of the effective anisotropic constants, and it is achieved without any fitting parameters.
Science and Social Responsibility

A headline in the Los Angeles Times of 6 July 2001 proclaimed in bold, black type, 'More doubt cast on cloning safety'. Its location, above the fold on page one, signified widespread concern about the consequences of advances in genetic engineering. With scientists around the world announcing their intention to clone human beings, while reports circulated of experiments indicating undesirable genetic abnormalities in apparently healthy clones (from embryonic stem cells), science seemed poised to add another page to the 'Book of Scientific Worries'.
Biomass derived feedstock co-processing with vacuum gas oil for second-generation fuel production in FCC units

Hydrodeoxygenated pyrolysis-oils (HDO-oil) are considered promising renewable liquid energy carriers. As such, it cannot be applied in in-stationary combustion engines so more “upgrading” is required. A considerable alternative is to co-process HDO-oil along with vacuum gas oil (VGO) in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit (FCC). This study evaluates the impact of adding 20 wt.% HDO-oil to a conventional FCC feedstock. The VGO and bio-oil mixtures were co-injected into a fixed-bed reactor simulating FCC conditions using an equilibrated industrial FCC catalyst. Co-processing of 20 wt.% HDO-oil with VGO gave comparable yields for the gasoline fraction to that of the pure VGO cracking. However, during co-processing oxygen removal from HDO-oil oxygenated components consumes hydrogen coming from the hydrocarbon feedstock. As a result the final product composition is poor in hydrogen and contains more coke, aromatics and olefins.
Classic Maya Defensive Systems and Warfare in the Petexbatun Region: Archaeological Evidence and Interpretations

From 1989 to 1996, excavation and surveys were carried out at dozens of sites and intersite areas in the southwestern Peten by the Defensive Systems Subproject of the Vanderbilt Petexbatun Regional Archaeological Project and by subsequent related Vanderbilt investigations. The excavations and analyses explored fortification systems, related settlement, and artifactual evidence. Beginning at about a.d. 760, the major centers of the Classic Maya civilization in the Petexbatun region were fortified by a massive expenditure of labor on defensive walls of masonry, usually surmounted by wooden palisades. As warfare accelerated, major centers and later even small hilltop villages were located in highly defensible positions and were fortified by walls, palisades, moats, and baffled gateways. Despite these efforts, all major centers were virtually abandoned by the early ninth century. By a.d. 830, only the island fortress of Punta de Chimino and a very reduced and scattered population remained in the Petexbatun region.
Subversive sitcoms: Roseanne as inspiration for feminist resistance

(1992). Subversive sitcoms: Roseanne as inspiration for feminist resistance. Women's Studies: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 87-101.
A de novo deafwaddler mutation of Pmca2 arising in ES cells and hitchhiking with a targeted modification of the Pparg gene.

We observed severe ataxia in mice homozygous for modification of the Pparg locus. Genetic analysis and nucleotide sequencing revealed that ataxia is caused by a T692K substitution in plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (Pmca2), which is tightly linked to Pparg, but not by modified PPARγ itself. We traced this mutation and found that it arose spontaneously during clonal expansion of the targeted embryonic stem (ES) cells. Consistent with the deafwaddler phenotype in other Pmca2 mutants, homozygous T692K Pmca2 mutants exhibit severe balance disorder, impaired neurologic reflexes, and motor coordination, and have profound hearing loss. Heterozygous mutants have normal movement and motor function but are severely deficient in hearing. Our findings represent a cautionary example since, although rare, spontaneous mutations do arise in ES cells during culture and hitchhike onto the targeted gene mutation.
Content retargeting using parameter-parallel facial layers

Facial motion retargeting approaches often transfer expressions by establishing correspondences between shared units of motion, such as action units, or spatial correspondences of landmarks between the source actor and target character faces. When the actor and character are structurally dissimilar, shared units of motion or spatial landmarks may not exist, and subtle styles of performance may differ. We present a method to deconstruct the content of an actor's facial expression into three parameter-parallel layers using a composition function, transfer the content to equivalent parameter-parallel layers for the character, and reconstruct the character's expression using the same composition function. Our algorithm uses the same parameter-parallel layered model of facial expression for both the actor and character, separating the content of facial expressions into emotion, speech, and eye-blink layers. Facial motion in each layer is embedded in simplicial bases, each of which encodes semantically significant configurations of the face. We show the transfer of facial motion capture and video-based tracking of the eyes and mouth of an actor to a number of faces with dissimilar facial structure and expressive disposition.