cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Treatment Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer via Early Changes in Tumor Heterogeneity Captured by DCE-MRI Registration.

We analyzed DCE-MR images from 132 women with locally advanced breast cancer from the I-SPY1 trial to evaluate changes of intra-tumor heterogeneity for augmenting early prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Utilizing image registration, voxel-wise changes including tumor deformations and changes in DCE-MRI kinetic features were computed to characterize heterogeneous changes within the tumor. Using five-fold cross-validation, logistic regression and Cox regression were performed to model pCR and RFS, respectively. The extracted imaging features were evaluated in augmenting established predictors, including functional tumor volume (FTV) and histopathologic and demographic factors, using the area under the curve (AUC) and the C-statistic as performance measures. The extracted voxel-wise features were also compared to analogous conventional aggregated features to evaluate the potential advantage of voxel-wise analysis. Voxel-wise features improved prediction of pCR (AUC = 0.78 (±0.03) vs 0.71 (±0.04), p 0.05). Furthermore, all selected voxel-wise features demonstrated significant association with outcome (p < 0.05). Thus, precise measures of voxel-wise changes in tumor heterogeneity extracted from registered DCE-MRI scans can improve early prediction of neoadjuvant treatment outcomes in locally advanced breast cancer.
Gender Bias among Professionals: An Identity-Based Interpretation

This paper measures gender bias in discussions about women versus men in an online professional forum. I study the content of posts that refer to each gender and the transitions in the topics betwe...
Facts and Authenticity.

Kreitmair (2019) proposes seven dimensions to be explored in order to ensure the ethical foundations of direct-to-consumer (DTC) neurotechnologies, namely, safety, just distribution, privacy, trans...
Prevalence and Significance of Potential Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions Among Patients with Lung Cancer: Implications for Clinical Trials

The overall prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) among patients with lung cancer is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of potential DDIs and major DDIs among individuals newly diagnosed with lung cancer in a national cohort. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of adult patients in the United States Veterans’ Affairs (VA) medical system diagnosed with lung cancer between 2003 and 2016. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of prescriptions for medications associated with any potential DDIs during the 3 months leading up to and including the date of lung cancer diagnosis. The secondary endpoint was the prevalence of prescriptions associated with major DDIs during the same time period. Overall, 280,068 patients were included in the study; 55.9% of patients were prescribed medications associated with potential DDIs, while 5.3% received prescriptions for medications associated with major DDIs. Among the 20 most commonly prescribed drugs associated with potential DDIs, only two were associated with major DDIs. Medications with potential DDIs are prescribed to the majority of patients with lung cancer; however, only about 5% of patients are prescribed medications with major DDIs that might be prohibited in certain clinical trials.
Can Institutional Support Improve Volunteer Quality? An Analysis of Online Volunteer Mentors

Volunteer management practices have been shown to have positive effects on employees in terms of skill development, job success, organizational identity, and morale in the public, nonprofit, and corporate sectors. Despite considerable research on volunteering, questions remain about how management practices of volunteer programs may affect volunteer performance. Leveraging data comparing self-enrolled and corporate-recruited volunteer mentors into a large-scale online program for entrepreneurs, this study measures the impact of institutional support on volunteer intensity, persistence, and quality. It also presents a novel way to measure volunteer quality through sentiment analysis to measure the tone of online messages, an emerging statistical technique. Findings suggest that a high level of institutional support leads to higher quality mentor engagement, compared to self-enrolled volunteers, while a low level of support leads to mentor quality much lower than self-enrolled volunteers.
Point-of-care CRISPR-Cas-assisted SARS-CoV-2 detection in an automated and portable droplet magnetofluidic device.

Abstract In the fight against COVID-19, there remains an unmet need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic testing tools that can rapidly and sensitively detect the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus to control disease transmission and improve patient management. Emerging CRISPR-Cas-assisted SARS-CoV-2 detection assays are viewed as transformative solutions for POC diagnostic testing, but their lack of streamlined sample preparation and full integration within an automated and portable device hamper their potential for POC use. We report herein POC-CRISPR – a single-step CRISPR-Cas-assisted assay that incoporates sample preparation with minimal manual operation via facile magnetic-based nucleic acid concentration and transport. Moreover, POC-CRISPR has been adapted into a compact thermoplastic cartridge within a palm-sized yet fully-integrated and automated device. During analytical evaluation, POC-CRISPR was able detect 1 genome equivalent/μL SARS-CoV-2 RNA from a sample volume of 100 μL in
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Transaxillary Approach for NTOS

The transaxillary approach for thoracic outlet decompression has often been criticized as a treatment option for neurogenic TOS because of the perceived lack of ability to resect the posterior aspect of the first rib, thus incompletely decompressing the immediate vicinity of the brachial plexus, and inability to fully resect the anterior scalene muscle. This chapter is intended to demonstrate how we safely approach NTOS using the transaxillary approach and remove the first rib in its near entirety to achieve optimal decompression of the thoracic outlet.
Inflammation and Oxidation: A Link in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis

Over the past three decades, two paradigms have been developing that largely describe the difference between normal and pathological brain aging: Namely, the twin paradigms of neural oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These two concepts both emerged amidst an intellectual environment of either casual neglect or antipathy but have come to permeate much basic and applied neuroscience research. Current science has come to understand that these two phenomena are mutually but subtly linked to such an extent as to be practically inseparable. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) both neural oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory events are crucial components of the neurodegenerative landscape. Both appear to arise, in part, as consequences of the classic features of AD pathology namely amyloid peptide (Aβ)-containing senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Viewed from a different perspective, however, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation also contribute fundamentally to cell biological changes that predispose the AD brain to these classic histopathologies. This review will attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding neural oxidative stress in AD, with emphasis on mechanistic connections between the two phenomena, and their joint relationship to both plaques and tangles.
Reutilization of mature collagen in vivo.

Studies in this laboratory have suggested that mature collagen might be reutilized (Klein et al,, 1962, 1964; Klein, 1964). The induction of granulation tissue in animals previously labeled with radioactive proline would determine whether mature fibrous collagen is reutilized in the formation of "new" connective tissue, because only the pre-existing collagen would be radioactive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals. Young female guinea pigs weighing 220-250 g, young female Fischer rats weighing 56-74 g, and young female SpragueDawley rats weighing 84-94 g were used. The animals were placed on Purina guinea pig and rat chow ad libitum. Labeling procedure. Uniformly labeled L-proline-Cl4 was obtained from Schwarz Bioresearch (175 mC/mM), and L-proline-3,4-H3 from New England Nuclear Corp. (5 c/mM). During the active growing phase, each animal was given an intraperitoneal injection of radioactive proline (0.25 microcurie/g), twice per week for 4 weeks, The guinea pigs received a total of 350-600 microcuries
Mucopeptide metabolism during growth and sporulation in Bacillus megaterium.

Abstract A mutant of Bacillus megaterium lacking the aspartate β-semialdehyde-pyruvate-condensing enzyme and mesodiaminopimelic acid decarboxylase has been used in a study of mucopeptide metabolism during growth and sporulation. The absolute requirement for both diaminopimelic acid and lysine in this mutant guarantees that exogenous labeled diaminopimelic acid is incorporated specifically into mucopeptide greatly facilitating such studies. During the vegetative growth phase, no turnover of mucopeptide was observed. Upon glucose exhaustion and the initiation of sporulation, vegetative cell mucopeptide synthesis ceased. The mother cell wall remained quiescent throughout the sporulation sequence. Some 3 hours after the end of vegetative cell growth, spore-specific mucopeptide synthesis began and continued for approximately 6 hours. Sporulation was terminated by lysis of mother cell wall which released free spores into the medium.
Clinical and immunologic effects of prolonged infusion of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 after autologous and T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can produce prolonged clinical remission in some patients with hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, disease relapse may occur despite BMT. Studies in animal models and clinical experience have provided evidence that immunologic factors play an important role in preventing relapse post-BMT. To stimulate immunologic activity in patients post-BMT, we administered prolonged uninterrupted continuous infusions of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). Thirteen marrow recipients (seven autologous BMT, six CD6 T-depleted allogeneic BMT) received rIL-2 at a dose of 2 x 10(5) U/m2/d for a scheduled period of 90 days. rIL-2 was administered through a Hickman catheter with a portable pump beginning a median of 85 days after BMT. Toxicity was minimal and all treatment could be undertaken in the outpatient setting. No patient developed any signs of graft-versus-host disease, hypotension, or pulmonary capillary leak syndrome. Treatment did not affect the absolute neutrophil count or hemoglobin level, but eosinophils increased substantially in most patients. Platelet counts decreased by 20% in 10 of 13 individuals within 2 weeks, but stabilized thereafter. Despite the low dose of rIL- 2 administered, significant immunologic changes were noted. Specifically, all 13 patients experienced a marked increase (fivefold to 40-fold) in natural killer (NK) cell number. Phenotypic characterization showed that the majority of NK cells were CD56bright+ CD16+ CD3-. In contrast, a minor increase in T-cell number was noted in only 4 of 13 patients. Low-dose rIL-2 treatment resulted in augmentation of in vitro cytotoxicity against K562 and COLO tumor targets. This cytotoxic activity could be dramatically enhanced by incubation with additional rIL-2 in vitro. The immunologic effects of rIL-2 treatment were similar in both autologous and allogeneic marrow recipients. Our data suggest that prolonged infusion of rIL-2 at low doses is safe and can selectively increase NK cell number and activity after BMT. Further studies to assess the impact these changes may have on disease relapse post-BMT will be undertaken.
Neurosarcoidosis: diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of reviewThe aims of this article are to discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical phenomenology of neurosarcoidosis, as well as current approaches to diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on central nervous system (CNS) complications of sarcoidosis.Recent findingsNeurosa
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of the Genus Lactobacillus

Deoxyribonucleic acids of 45 strains of Lactobacillus and 5 strains of Bifidobacterium which had been analyzed for base composition by chromatographic means were examined at equilibrium in a CsCl density gradient. Regression analysis showed that there have been systematic errors involved in the estimation of guanine plus cytosine (GC) content by the chemical method, and that the relation between buoyant density and base composition is indeed linear and best fitted by the equation GC = 10.309 (rho-1.662), which compares well in slope with the equation of Schildkraut, Marmur, and Doty. With the improved data obtained in this study, the specific groupings of the species of both genera were reevaluated.
Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea, by Mark Blyth

‘Austerity doesn’t work. Period.’ (p. 239). This quote is the punch-line of Mark Blyth’s book. If that quote was made into bumper stickers and t-shirts it would have been icing on the cake for what...
Ubiquitination, proteasomes and GABA(A) receptors.

Inhibitory neurotransmission by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is regulated by the number and subcellular localization of GABAA receptors in the membrane of the target neuron. A new study suggests that the ubiquitin-like protein Plic-1 stabilizes intracellular GABAA receptors and promotes their accumulation in the plasma membrane.
Palladium: Organometallic Chemistry

Four oxidation states of palladium are encountered in organometallic chemistry. In order of importance, they are PdII, Pd0, PdIV, and PdI. With the reduction of palladium from PdII to Pd0, the metal changes its reactivity from electrophile to nucleophile. Ligands π-bound to PdII, such as π-allyl, alkene, and alkyne, show enhanced reactivity toward nucleophiles, particularly less basic nucleophiles such as malonates. Pd0 species, such as (PR3)nPd, are powerful nucleophiles. They undergo oxidative addition to alkyl, aryl, and vinyl halides to produce LnPdII-R species. If the R group is an alkyl group with β-hydrogens, a beta-elimination of H usually takes place, giving a palladium hydride and an alkene. If the R group is aryl or vinyl, the species does not undergo beta-elimination. Instead, if a second R′ group is bonded to the palladium center, reductive elimination can take place, forming R–R′. Alternatively, the PdR bond can add across an unsaturated group, such as an alkene, forming a new carbon–carbon bond. New carbon–palladium bonds can also form through transmetalation. Organotin, organoboron, organosilicon (and other main group and transition metal organometallic reagents) will react with PdII halides to give new PdII-R bonds and R3SnX (or analogous) species. Because PdII-C bonds are neither very strong nor very weak (on the order of 160 kJ mol−1), palladium can catalyze many organic reactions. For example, in the Suzuki reaction, an aryl boronic acid (ArB(OH)2) and an aryl halide (Ar′X) are coupled to form a biaryl, Ar–Ar′. The mechanism involves a Pd0 species undergoing oxidative addition to the Ar′X, forming LnPdIIAr′(X), then transmetalation giving a LnPdIIAr(Ar′) and, finally, reductive elimination forming Ar–Ar′ and regenerating LnPd0. Palladium-catalyzed reactions are increasingly being used in the synthesis of high value-added chemicals such as pharmaceuticals. With basic, hindered phosphine ligands, such as P(t-Bu)3, Pd0 reagents undergo oxidative addition even with aryl chlorides, and new reactions, such as the arylation of amines (ArX + HNR2 giving ArNR2) are possible. Keywords: Heck reaction; Wacker process; Stille reaction; Suzuki reaction; cyclometalation; π-allyl; Buchwald–Hartwig reaction
Speech intelligibility for interaural alternated speech with and without intervening noise for words and nonsense.

Speech discrimination for nine sophisticated listeners was examined for the effect of interaural alternation of both word and nonsense syllable test materials in the presence and absence of intervening noise. No degradation of speech discrimination was noted for words without intervening noise; however, there was some effect for speech discrimination of nonsense syllable test materials. When intervening noise was employed, difficulty in speech discrimination was noted for both the word and nonsense syllable test materials.
Specific cell-surface alteration by enteroviruses as reflected by viral-attachment interference.

Crowell, Richard L. (Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.). Specific cell-surface alteration by enteroviruses as reflected by viral-attachment interference. J. Bacteriol. 91:198–204. 1966.—Exposure of HeLa cells to high levels of coxsackievirus B3 produced cells which were refractory to attachment of coxsackievirus B1, whereas poliovirus T2 attached normally. Under similar conditions, poliovirus T2 was found to interfere with the attachment of poliovirus T1 to HeLa cells without affecting the attachment rate of coxsackievirus B3. The data confirm earlier findings that the receptor sites on HeLa cells, which bind members of group B coxsackieviruses, are distinct from those for polioviruses. Quantitatively, coxsackieviruses B1 and B3 were found to be mutually exclusive in the attachment interference assay to suggest that they compete for the same receptors on the HeLa cell surface. The finding that input multiplicities of B3 virus which exceeded 500 saturated the homologous viral receptors of HeLa cells was unexpected, but was consistent with the results of interference assays. Excessive amounts of input virus did not, however, inhibit eclipse of homologous cell-associated virus. Attachment interference between enteroviruses occurred even though the interfering virus was eclipsed prior to addition of challenge virus. The finding that enterovirus attachment interference was reversible with acid pH suggested that attachment and eclipse of enterovirus does not result in a permanent alteration of the cell membrane and that these events occur at the cell surface.
Introducing intelligence-led conservation: bridging crime and conservation science

The multidisciplinary nature of conservation science lends itself to be a unique area of study for those interested in crime science. In particular, crime scientists can contribute to the development, implementation, and evaluation of crime and intelligence analysis that address wildlife crime. Crime and intelligence analysis has gained significant attention from conservationists in recent years due to the increasing accessibility and capabilities of various forms of information technology. This has led to significant gains in the ability to collect and analyse information resulting in the push for intelligence-led approaches to guide wildlife law enforcement. Based on a process evaluation of the Uganda Wildlife Authority’s intelligence strategy, this paper contributes to the literature by introducing an intelligence-led conservation framework, as well as an operational model referred to as the Ranger Analytic Intelligence Network specifically tailored for conservation efforts in Uganda. Several important caveats that warrant consideration prior to and during the development of an intelligence-led conservation approach are also presented. Lastly, implications for policy are discussed.
Temporal relationships between adipocytokines and diabetes risk in Hispanic adolescents with obesity.

Objective Circulating cytokines are frequently cited as contributors to insulin resistance in children with obesity. This study examined whether circulating adipocytokines, independent of adiposity, predicted pubertal changes in insulin sensitivity (SI), insulin secretion (AIR), and β-cell function in high-risk adolescents. Methods 158 Hispanic adolescents with overweight or obesity were followed for a median of 4 years. Adipocytokines were measured using Luminex technology. SI, AIR, and the disposition index were derived from an intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Total fat mass was measured by DXA and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by MRI. Results Surprisingly, mean IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased between 5% and 6.5% per year from baseline (P < 0.001). Despite the general temporal trends, gaining 1-SD of VAT was associated with a 2% and 5% increase in MCP-1 and IL-8 (P < 0.05). In addition, a 1-SD higher MCP-1 or IL-6 concentration at baseline was associated with a 16% and 21% greater decline in SI during puberty vs. prepuberty (P < 0.05). Conclusions Several adipocytokines decreased during adolescence and were weakly associated with VAT and lower SI during puberty. Circulating adipocytokines have relatively limited associations with pubertal changes in diabetes risk; however, the consistent findings with MCP-1 warrant further investigation.
A general solution method for an anti-plane shear crack dynamically accelerating along a bimaterial interface

We develop a general solution method for a dynamically accelerating crack under anti-plane shear conditions along the interface between two different homogeneous isotropic elastic materials. The crack is initially at rest, and after loading is applied the crack-tip speed which may accelerate up to the shear wave speed of the more compliant material. The analysis includes an exact, closed-form expression for the stress intensity factor for an arbitrary time-dependent crack-face traction, as well as expressions for computing the crack-face displacements and the stress in front of the crack. We also present some numerical examples for fixed loads and for loads moving with the crack tip, using a stress intensity factor fracture criterion, in order to examine the predicted effect of material mismatch on interfacial fracture.
The flexible surface: new techniques for molecular level studies of time dependent changes in metal surface structure and adsorbate structure during catalytic reactions

The new model that emerges from the results of recent surface science studies is one of a dynamic, flexible surface that undergoes rapid adsorbate-induced restructuring on the time scale of chemisorption, or at times, slower restructuring on the time scale of catalytic surface reactions, atom diffusion-controlled faceting, or solid state reactions. Many of the unique chemical properties of the surface can be associated with its ability to restructure rapidly as adsorbate bonds form or break. Surface specific vibrational spectroscopy by sum frequency generation (SFG) and high pressure/high temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are two independent but complimentary techniques which permit molecular level studies of surfaces under dynamic conditions at high pressures. The application of these techniques allows in situ analysis of reactive surfaces during catalytic conditions. These techniques have been used to study ethylene and propylene hydrogenation on platinum surfaces. The investigations provide definitive evidence for physisorbed intermediates, stagnant chemisorbed species, and an unreconstructed surface during catalysis. The role of carbon-containing overlayers covering the surface during reactions has been identified. A detailed molecular mechanism for these two reactions can be proposed.
Housing Quality and Neighborhood Redevelopment: A Study of Neighborhood Initiatives in Phoenix, Arizona

Abstract The last few years have witnessed efforts to eliminate the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program in Congress. Critics of the CDBG program have pointed to the dearth of studies documenting successful impacts in affected neighborhoods. This article examines the impact of the use of CDBG monies in Phoenix, Arizona. Using housing condition surveys from 1994 and 2004, six Neighborhood Initiative Areas (NIAs) are examined to determine the effect that CDBG targeted funds had on housing quality in these areas between 1994 and 2004. The study documents dramatic improvement in housing conditions in these targeted areas as a result, in part, of the CDBG funding.
Schistosomatium douthitti: biochemical and morphological effects of an experimental infection in mice.

The pathophysiological changes that occur in mice experimentally infected with Schistosomatium douthitti were studied. Male ICR mice, 6–8 weeks in age, were exposed to 100 cercariae of S. douthitti from infected snails (Lymnaea catascopium) and sacrificed weekly for a total of 13 weeks. Liver homogenates, serum samples, and histological sections of liver tissue were examined. Results showed that body weights of animals with prepatent infections were higher than those of corresponding controls. After patency, which occurred at 5 weeks, body weights were lower and liver weights were higher resulting in significantly increased liver weight/body weight ratios. Hematocrit values declined progressively in patent infections. Total cholesterol in liver was generally higher in the parasitized groups reaching significance during patency. Values rose with age in both control and parasitized groups, but sooner in the latter. Free cholesterol was increased in the liver of animals with patent infections. Total lipid content of the liver was reduced in the infected animals throughout the study. Both liver glycogen and serum glucose levels in the infected animals rose over the control values. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.1) was elevated in liver tissue of infected mice. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (E.C.2.6.1.2) activity was higher in serum but lower in the livers of animals harboring patent infections. Total bile salt concentration in parasitized animals did not differ appreciably from control values; however, gallbladders were enlarged five times in the infected animals. Histologically, liver sections from infected mice showed granulomas in various stages of formation and degeneration. Granulomas contained from 1 to 40 schistosome eggs. After 6 weeks of infection, granulomas were characterized by many neutrophils and monocytes. Few lymphocytes and eosinophils were present. As the granulomas developed, fibroblasts and connective tissue became more prominent. Glycogen deposits were observed surrounding granulomas and were increased in older infections. Adult worms contained abundant amounts of glycogen and cholesterol in their parenchymal tissues.
Optimal Trajectory for the Occipital Condyle Screw

Study Design:Retrospective analysis.Objective:To understand what may constitute an optimal trajectory for an occipital condyle (OC) screw.Summary of Background Data:OC screws are an alternative to standard occipital plates as a cephalad fixation point in occipitocervical fusion. An optimal trajector
The Host Protein Required for In Vitro Replication of Poliovirus Is a Protein Kinase That Phosphorylates Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2

The HeLa cell protein (host factor) required for in vitro replication of poliovirus has been identified as a 67,000 dalton phosphoprotein. The purified protein displays three activities in vitro: stimulation of poliovirus RNA synthesis in the presence of poliovirus replicase, apparent self-phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF-2). All three activities can be removed or inhibited by an antibody to host factor. Partially purified preparations of reticulocyte eIF-2 contain a similar phosphoprotein and display host factor activity in the viral RNA synthesis assay in vitro. In vitro phosphorylation of the 67 kd protein can be stimulated by low concentrations of double-stranded RNA. Addition of phosphorylated host factor in an in vitro RNA synthesis assay significantly changes the kinetics of viral RNA synthesis, indicating that protein phosphorylation may play an important role in viral RNA replication.
Comparison of normal saline with tap water for wound irrigation.

This study compared irrigation with tap water versus saline for removing bacteria from simple skin lacerations. The study was conducted in an animal model with a randomized, nonblinded crossover design using 10 500-g laboratory rats. Two full-thickness skin lacerations were made on each animal and inoculated with standardized concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus broth. Tissue specimens were removed before and after irrigation with 250 cc of either normal saline from a sterile syringe or water from a faucet. Bacterial counts were determined for each specimen and compared before and after irrigation. There was a mean reduction in bacterial counts of 81.6% with saline and 65.3% with tap water (P = .34). One tap water specimen had markedly aberrant bacterial counts compared with others. Excluding this specimen, the mean reduction for tap water was 80.2%. In this model, reduction in bacterial contamination of simple lacerations was not different comparing tap water with normal saline as an irrigant.
Spin diffusion and magnetization studies of3He in3He-4He mixture films

The longitudinal spin diffusion coefficient and magnetization of a submonolayer coverage of3He, n3=0.0066 A−2, in a thin adsorbed4He film has been measured as a function of temperature0.024 K ≤ T≤0.5 K and4He coverage0.21 A−2≤n4≤0.32 A−2.
Allosteric Supramolecular Triple-Layer Catalysts

Allosteric regulation of organometallic catalysts could allow for greater control over reactions. We report an allosteric supramolecular structure in which a monometallic catalytic site has been buried in the middle layer of a triple-layer complex. Small molecules and elemental anions can open and close this complex and reversibly expose and conceal the catalytic center. The ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone can be turned on by the in situ opening of the triple-layer complex and then completely turned off by reforming it through the abstraction of Cl–, the allosteric effector agent, without appreciable loss of catalytic activity. This process can regulate the molecular weights of the resulting polymers.
Finite-momentum superfluidity and phase transitions in a p-wave resonant Bose gas

We study a degenerate two-species gas of bosonic atoms interacting through a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance as, for example, realized in a ${}^{85}$Rb-${}^{87}$Rb mixture. We show that, in addition to a conventional atomic and a $p$-wave molecular spinor-1 superfluidity at large positive and negative detunings, respectively, the system generically exhibits a finite-momentum atomic-molecular superfluidity at intermediate detuning around the unitary point. We analyze the detailed nature of the corresponding phases and the associated quantum and thermal phase transitions.
Electrical conductance of rings in composites

Abstract A scaling theory for describing the electrical conductance of rings in percolating systems is proposed. The theory is formulated for a given ring geometry and composition and the conductivity is expressed in terms of universal critical exponents for the infinite percolating system. Computer simulation results are found to be in good agreement with predictions of the theory.
NanoFIBrication of Ultra High Aspect Ratio Vias in Silicon

In this paper we present both experimental and theoretical results showing the effective use of material shaping to fabricate ultra-high-aspect-ratio (UHAR) vias with a focused ion beam (FIB). With this technique, one can create vias with aspect ratios of 20:1 and higher. This is achieved by placing a ‘lower sputter rate’ material on top of a ‘higher sputter rate’ material. We model the FIB as a Gaussian beam with an angular dependent sputter rate. With our model we predict a high sputter rate ratio (high/low) can achieve vias with aspect ratios near 20:1. Experimental results support this prediction. By placing a thin layer of pyrolyzed carbon on top of silicon, we fabricated UHAR vias with diameters of 75 nm.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Auricular paroxysmal tachycardia in association with myocardial infarction

Abstract Supraventricular tachycardia appeared in five instances only in 1.247 patients with myocardial infarction observed at the Los Angeles County Hospital. The mortality was 100 per cent. It is a rare arrhythmia to be associated with myocardial infarction. It was usually associated with grave, long-standing heart damage. Its seriousness depends upon the degree of heart damage and the persistence of the tachycardia. It apparently followed overdigitalization in some instances. Prognostically, the appearance of supraventricular tachycardia in myocardial infarction would seem to be of grave portent.
Three FORTRAN programs for finite-difference solutions to binary diffusion in one and two phases with composition-and time-dependent diffusion coefficients

Abstract Geological examples of binary diffusion are numerous. They are potential indicators of the duration and rates of geological processes. Analytical solutions to the diffusion equations generally do not allow for variable diffusion coefficients, changing boundary conditions, and impingement of diffusion fields. The three programs presented here are based on Crank-Nicholson finite-difference approximations, which can take into account these complicating factors. Program 1 describes the diffusion of a component into an initially homogeneous phase that has a constant surface composition. Specifically it is written for Fe-Mg exchange in olivine at oxygen fugacities appropriate for the lunar crust, but other components, phases, or fugacities may be substituted by changing the values of the diffusion coefficient. Program 2 simulates the growth of exsolution lamellae. Program 3 describes the growth of reaction rims. These two programs are written for pseudobinary Ca-(Mg, Fe) exchange in pyroxenes. In all three programs, the diffusion coefficients and boundary conditions can be varied systematically with time. To enable users to employ widely different numerical values for diffusion coefficients and diffusion distance, the grid spacing in the space dimension and the increment by which the grid spacing in the time dimension is increased at each time step are input constants that can be varied each time the programs are run to yield a solution of the desired accuracy.
Small longitudinal oscillations of a load on an incompressible, isotropic limited elastic spring

The small amplitude, free longitudinal vibrational motion of a load supported above by an incompressible, isotropic and homogeneous rubberlike spring is studied for a general class of materials having limited extensibility. First, a simple general frequency equation for small motions about a static equilibrium state is derived without specification of the constitutive nature of the spring. The normalized oscillational frequency of the small superimposed motion of the load is then determined for all materials in a broad class of limited elastic materials. This frequency depends on the limiting extensibility constant and the static stretch, but it is independent of any other physical properties of the spring. It is shown that, for the same static stretch, the normalized vibrational frequency of a load on a neo-Hookean support is a lower bound for its normalized vibrational frequency on any limited elastic spring in the general constitutive class. Specific equations for the Gent and Puso limited elastic models are derived, the frequency for the latter being smaller than that for the former under the same static conditions. The effects of their limited extensibility are described both analytically and graphically, and their connection with experiments on certain rubber materials and biological tissue is noted.
Effects of tobacco dose and length of exposure on delayed neurological deterioration and overall clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: The association between smoking and intracranial aneurysms is now well recognized. However, the relationship between tobacco use and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not as well understood and published results are contradictory. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree to which the amount of tobacco exposure/dose impacts delayed neurological deterioration and overall clinical outcome after aneurysmal SAH. METHODS: We reviewed our retrospective database of patients with aneurysmal SAH. We assessed the impact of four independent tobacco variables: smoker (ever smoked), current smoker (actively smoking within the past yr and with at least a 10 pack per yr history of smoking), long-term smoker (at least a 20 pack per yr history), and salient (combination of current and long-term) smoker as well as tobacco dose (categorized according to number of packs per yr) on two outcome variables, delayed neurological deterioration and dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale score. Covariates included in the analysis were age, sex, Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher grade, and medical comorbidities. Stepwise elimination with logistic regression was used to arrive at a final multivariate model for each outcome and independent tobacco variable in the presence of covariates. RESULTS: A total of 320 patients were analyzed. As expected, Hunt and Hess grade was a significant predictor of both delayed neurological deterioration and clinical outcome. Tobacco use (smoker variable) showed an independent association with the development of delayed neurological deterioration (P = 0.0409; odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.08). In addition, patients who were long-term or current smokers (salient smoker variable) showed a trend toward a slightly stronger association with the occurrence of delayed neurological deterioration (P = 0.0229; odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.14). No tobacco use variable was associated with clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale) in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The duration and timing of tobacco use, rather than the dose of tobacco per se, seem to be risk factors for delayed neurological deterioration after aneurysmal SAH. Although we did not find an association between tobacco use and overall clinical outcome after aneurysmal SAH, these results suggest that the distribution of various patterns of tobacco use within a given data set may influence the overall results.
Contact Resistance for “End-Contacted” Metal−Graphene and Metal−Nanotube Interfaces from Quantum Mechanics

In this paper, we predict the current−voltage (I−V) characteristics and contact resistance of “end-contacted” metal electrode−graphene and metal electrode−carbon nanotube (CNT) interfaces for five metals, Ti, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Au, based on the first-principles quantum mechanical (QM) density functional and matrix Green’s function methods. We find that the contact resistance (normalized to surface C atoms) is 107 kΩ for Ti, 142 kΩ for Pd, 149 kΩ for Pt, 253 kΩ for Cu, and 187 kΩ for Au. This can be compared with the contact resistance (per C) for “side-contacted” metal−graphene or metal−CNT interfaces of 8.6 MΩ for Pd, 34.7 MΩ for Pt, 630 MΩ for Cu, etc. Those are in good agreement with available experimental results, 40.5 MΩ for Pt, for example. Thus, compared to the values for side-contacted interfaces from QM, we find a decrease in contact resistance by factors ranging from 6751 for Au and 2488 for Cu, to 233 for Pt and 60 Pd, to 8.8 for Ti. This suggests a strong advantage for developing technology to ac...
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the rise of French Republican socialism

(1986). Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the rise of French Republican socialism. History of European Ideas: Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 694-695.
Remembering roadside America: preserving the recent past as landscape and place

Remembering roadside America: preserving the recent past as landscape and place, by John A. Jackle and Keith A. Sculle, Knoxville TN, The University of Tennessee Press, 2011, 284 pp., US$ 29.95 (pa...
Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Actuator Based on Polypyrrole and SMA

This paper presents initial investigation on a hybrid artificial muscle actuator combining two actuation technologies, based on conductive polymers and shape memory alloys (SMAs). Polypyrrole is used as the conductive polymer muscle and nickel-titanium as shape memory alloy to make the composite muscle system. Depending on the geometry of the actuator, doped polypyrrole exhibits large strain, consuming less voltage and current; whereas shape memory alloy generates large stress (force), consuming high power (high current). Helically wound coil structure was chosen as the shape of the composite actuator in this study. The polypyrrole is synthesized on the surface of the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy wire, wound around a core gold coated polylactide fiber (PLA). Preliminary results on the performance and synthesis conditions of the composite actuator will be presented for various applications under different conditions.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Anti-lymphocyte serum and suppression of interferon production.

L'administration de 1 ml ALS, 24 h avant l'introduction de l'interferon avec le virus de la maladie de Newcastle, provoqua une reduction au quart du taux de l'interferon.
Between electrode and solution

Fundamentals of Electrochemistry. By Vladimir Sergeevich Bagotzky Plenum: 1993. Pp. 589. $138.
Suppression of dental pulp-evoked trigeminal responses by nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the cat.

Abstract The temporal effect of electrical stimulation of the nucleus reticularis giganto-cellularis (NRGC) on the dental pulp-evoked field potential in the subnucleus oralis of the spinal trigeminal complex (oralis potential) and on the jaw-opening reflex was investigated in precollicular decrebrate cats using the conditioning-testing technique. NRGC activation invariably elicited suppression of the oralis potential, the degree and duration of which were related to the reticular stimulus parameters. When activated at optimal stimulus parameters, NRGC was found to exert parallel inhibition of oralis potential and jaw-opening reflex lasting 500 to 800 ms in many instances. The possibility that NRGC may interrupt the transmission of noxious signals from the dental pulp by promoting a depolarization of pulpal afferents is discussed in light of the current concepts on opiate receptors and their ligands and parallel studies in this laboratory.
Effects of correlation on intermittent demand forecasting and stock control

Abstract This study investigates the effects of three different types of correlation on forecasting and stock control of intermittent demand items. Applying appropriate forecasting and stock control methods to theoretically generated compound Poisson demand data we show that correlation in intermittent demand does play a role in forecast quality and stock control performance. Negative autocorrelation levels lead to higher service levels than positive values, while cost does not significantly change. Our results also show that high intermittency levels intensify these changes in service level. We also show that cross-correlation produces results in the opposite direction of autocorrelation in size or intervals; that is, positive (negative) cross-correlation leads to higher (lower) service levels.
Granulopoiesis requires increased C/EBPα compared to monopoiesis, correlated with elevated Cebpa in immature G-CSF receptor versus M-CSF receptor expressing cells.

C/EBPα is required for the formation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors; however, its role in subsequent myeloid lineage specification remains uncertain. Transduction of murine marrow with either of two Cebpa shRNAs markedly increases monocyte and reduces granulocyte colonies in methylcellulose or the monocyte to neutrophil ratio in liquid culture. Similar findings were found after marrow shRNA transduction and transplantation and with CEBPA knockdown in human marrow CD34+ cells. These results apparently reflect altered myeloid lineage specification, as similar knockdown allowed nearly complete 32Dcl3 granulocytic maturation. Cebpa knockdown also generated lineage-negative blasts with increased colony replating capacity but unchanged cell cycle parameters, likely reflecting complete differentiation block. The shRNA having the greatest effect on lineage skewing reduced Cebpa 3-fold in differentiating cells but 6-fold in accumulating blasts. Indicating that Cebpa is the relevant shRNA target, shRNA-resistant C/EBPα-ER rescued marrow myelopoiesis. Cebpa knockdown in murine marrow cells also increased in vitro erythropoiesis, perhaps reflecting 1.6-fold reduction in PU.1 leading to GATA-1 derepression. Global gene expression analysis of lineage-negative blasts that accumulate after Cebpa knockdown demonstrated reduction in Cebpe and Gfi1, known transcriptional regulators of granulopoiesis, and also reduced Ets1 and Klf5. Populations enriched for immature granulocyte or monocyte progenitor/precursors were isolated by sorting Lin−Sca-1−c-Kit+ cells into GCSFR+MCSFR− or GCSFR−MCSFR+ subsets. Cebpa, Cebpe, Gfi1, Ets1, and Klf5 RNAs were increased in the c-Kit+GCSFR+ and Klf4 and Irf8 in the c-Kit+MCSFR+ populations, with PU.1 levels similar in both. In summary, higher levels of C/EBPα are required for granulocyte and lower levels for monocyte lineage specification, and this myeloid bifurcation may be facilitated by increased Cebpa gene expression in granulocyte compared with monocyte progenitors.
CXCR3 marks CD4+ memory T lymphocytes that are competent to migrate across a human brain microvascular endothelial cell layer

Chemokines and their receptors may be implicated in leukocyte ingress into brain during inflammation observed during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). To address receptor modulation on CD4+ memory T lymphocytes during diapedesis, we used an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We found that only memory (CD45RO+) cells transmigrated and type 3 CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR3) was enriched on transmigrated cells. CXCR3 depletion of the input population did not affect transmigration capability. CXCR3 reemerged on CXCR3 depleted cells independently of endothelial cell exposure, but was susceptible to incubation at 4 degrees C, indicating receptor recycling. We propose that CXCR3 serves as a surface marker for cells that have the capacity to cross the BBB, but does not play an essential role in extravasation.
Pulsed evaporative transient thermometry for temporally-resolved thermal measurements

Abstract We present pulsed evaporative transient thermometry, a metrology technique that utilizes the transient thermal response from pulsed heating on isolated microstructures to obtain temporally-resolved heat capacity and heat transfer conductance. We demonstrated the approach with two model systems, copper microwires and alumina nanoporous membranes. Temporal resolutions as high as 0.2 s were achieved where peaks in heat transfer conductance were observed corresponding to the thin film evaporation stage. The metrology technique can also be extended to various other micro and nanostructures, which can provide increased understanding of thin film evaporation for the realization of advanced phase-change based thermal management solutions.