cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Multimetal Surface Micromachining Process for Tunable RF MEMS Passives

This paper reports on a microfabrication technology for implementing high-performance passive components suitable for advanced RF front-ends. This technology offers three metal layers with different thicknesses, one dielectric, and two sacrificial layers, enabling the fabrication of continuously tuned capacitors, capacitive and ohmic switches, as well as high- inductors all on a single chip. To demonstrate the versatility of this technology, several passive components are fabricated on a Borosilicate glass substrate . A high- tunable capacitor is fabricated exhibiting an electrostatic tuning range of more than 6 : 1. The temperature variation of capacitance from 223 to 333 K is less than 9%, and the tuning speed is better than 80 . To achieve a higher zero-bias capacitance, a tunable capacitor bank is also implemented, which can be tuned from 2.2 pF to 6.1 pF. In addition, a coupled inductor pair with self-inductances of 15 and 21 nH is implemented showing s exceeding 40 at 800 MHz. Measurements are compared with high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) electromagnetic simulations, showing good agreement. The technology reported is post-CMOS compatible and low cost.
The Excitation Function of Lithium Under Proton Bombardment

The yield of alpha-particles in the bombardment of lithium with protons is calculated for different depths and widths of the "potential well." It is found that agreement with experiment can be obtained either by using the part of the incident wave having an angular momentum $L=0$ or the part having $L=1$. For the first condition with a radius of 0.35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm one needs a "potential well" about 35 MEV deep. For $L=1$ and the same radius a "well" about 21.5 MEV is needed. The latter depth fits in nicely with approximate estimates of this depth from nuclear binding energies. The calculations are made more carefully than is customary in the usual type of potential barrier penetration consideration. It is found that this is necessary and that even the order of magnitude of the collision cross section requires the more accurate type of calculation. The influence of the depth and width of the "potential well" is found to be pronounced and it is found possible to vary the shape of the excitation curve as well as the absolute value of the cross section by changing the depth and width of the "well." For energies sufficient to allow the proton to slip over the potential barrier classically, the collision cross section may increase or decrease with the energy depending on the "well." Thus the saturation of the yield with the voltage is not a good measure of the height of the barrier and of the nuclear radius. The position of stationary and resonance levels is found to be important for the shape of the excitation curve. The effect of the decay of the incident wave inside the nucleus is estimated and is found to be small in the present case. The asymptotic form of the dependence of the collision cross section on velocity at low velocities is $\mathrm{const}.\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{v}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\mathrm{exp}{\frac{\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\pi}Z{Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}c}{137''v}}$ within the limitations of the present theory. Estimates of the theoretically expected variation of the yield with velocity are made for ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$+${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ and compared with the experiments of Oliphant, Kinsey and Rutherford. A correspondence between different nuclear reactions is established by means of which one can use calculations for one reaction to obtain yields for another reaction with a corresponding "potential well." The "potential well" necessary for the quantitative representation of the alpha-particle reaction is compared with the mass of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$. It is found possible to fit both requirements by attributing the alpha-particle reaction to $L=0$ and the formation of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ from ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ to the addition of a proton into a $p$ level.
Calibration of an eye oximeter with a dynamic eye phantom

ABSTRACT Measurements of oxygen saturation and ow in the retina can yield information about the eye health and theonset of eye pathologies such as Diabetic Retinopathy. Recently we have realized an instrument capable ofmeasuring oxygenation in the retina using six dierent wavelengths and capable of measuring blood ow usingspeckle-based techniques. The calibration of such instrument is particularly dicult due to the layered structureof the eye and the lack of alternative measurement techniques. For this purpose we have realized an in vitromodel of the human eye. The articial eye is composed of four layers: the retina vessels, the choroids, the retinalpigmented epithelium (RPE), and the sclera. The retina vessels are modeled with 150 µ m tube connected to amicro-pump delivering 34 µ l/min. The micro-tube, the pump, and a blood reservoir were connected in a closedcirculatory system; blood oxygenation in the vessel could be modied using an external oxygen reservoir. Theoptical properties of all other layers were mimicked using titanium dioxide as a scatterer and ink as an absorber.The absorption coecient µ a and the scattering coecient µ s of these layers were independently measured usingan integrating sphere. Absorption and scattering coecient of all layers were modied before experimentalmeasurements and a Monte Carlo program was nally used to model the experimental results.Keywords: Eye oximetry, optical phantoms
Dangling bond in amorphous hydrogenated silicon: Anomalous spin relaxation.

Spin relaxation of the dangling-bond defect in undoped plasma-deposited amorphous silicon has been studied using several electron-spin-resonance methods based on finite magnetic-field-modulation frequency effects. Spin-lattice relaxation (${T}_{1}$) processes alone do not account for the observations. Possible origins of the anomalous spin relaxation in spectral diffusion processes are discussed. Anomalous relaxation gives an additional signature of the dangling-bond defect which varies with deposition conditions. Solutions to Bloch's equations for inhomogeneous spin systems at finite magnetic-field-modulation frequency are given, and a general relationship between modulation-frequency effects in conventional ESR and electron-electron double-resonance measurements is established.
Current Management of Copperhead Snakebite

Background Several thousand snakebites occur annually in the US, but fewer than 10 deaths occur. Most deaths are from envenomations by rattlesnakes ( Crotalus species), but deaths from copperhead and water moccasin ( Agkistrodon species) are rare. Study Design All snakebites presented to East Texas Medical Center, Crockett, a level III trauma center, from 1995 to 2010 were reviewed. A total of 142 snakebites were treated. Ninety-four were of the Agkistrodon species— contortrix contortrix (copperhead) or piscivorus leukostoma (water moccasin). Three were rattlesnakes, and 3 were from the Texas coral snake ( Micrurus fulvius tener ). Forty-two were unidentified pit vipers. The following results are of the 88 copperhead bites. Results The most common presenting symptoms were pain and swelling. Eighty-five percent were of grade 1 envenomations. Ten patients had laboratory abnormalities secondary to the snakebite. Forty-four were admitted for observation. The average length of stay for patients admitted was 2 days. No patients received antivenom, and no patients required surgical intervention. There were no deaths. One patient had edema and ecchymosis that persisted for more than 1 month. Conclusions Accurate identification of the pit viper species involved in snakebites is essential. Although envenomation by a rattlesnake ( Crotalus species) may require antivenom and uncommonly surgery, a bite by a copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix ) rarely requires any intervention other than observation. The unnecessary use of antivenom should be discouraged.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience

Purpose: To review the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center’s experience in using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. Methods and Materials: Between September 1998 and June 2004, 50 patients with histologically confirmed cancer of the oropharynx underwent IMRT at our institution. There were 40 men and 10 women with a median age of 56 years (range, 28–78 years). The disease was Stage I in 1 patient (2%), Stage II in 3 patients (6%), Stage III in 7 (14%), and Stage IV in 39 (78%). Forty-eight patients (96%) received definitive treatment, and 2 (4%) were treated in the postoperative adjuvant setting. Concurrent chemotherapy was used in 43 patients (86%). Patients were treated using three different IMRT approaches: 76% dose painting, 18% concomitant boost with IMRT in both am and pm deliveries, and 6% concomitant boost with IMRT only in pm delivery. Regardless of the approach, the average prescription dose to the gross tumor planning target volume was 70 Gy, while the average dose delivered to the subclinical volume was 59.4 Gy in the dose painting group and 54 Gy in the concomitant boost group. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding tubes (PEGs) were placed before the beginning of treatment in 84% of the patients. Acute and late toxicity were graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) radiation morbidity scoring criteria. Toxicity was also evaluated using subjective criteria such as the presence of esophageal stricture, and the need for PEG usage. The local progression-free, regional progression-free, and distant metastases-free rates, and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Three patients had persistent locoregional disease after treatment. The 2-year estimates of local progression-free, regional progression-free, distant metastases-free, and overall survival were 98%, 88%, 84%, and 98%, respectively. The worst acute mucositis experienced was Grade 1 in 4 patients (8%), Grade 2 in 27 (54%), and Grade 3 in 19 (38%). Xerostomia decreased with increasing time interval from the end of radiotherapy, and among the patients with at least 9 months of follow-up there was 67% Grade 0–1 and 33% Grade 2 toxicity. Of the 42 patients who required upfront PEG placement, 6 were still using PEG for nutrition at the time of this analysis. Three patients had cervical esophageal strictures, and of these, 1 was still PEG dependent 1 year after treatment. Two of these patients were treated with the IMRT concomitant boost am and pm approach, whereas the other was treated with the dose painting technique. Conclusions: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy achieved encouraging local control rates in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. Treatment toxicity was acceptable even in the setting of concurrent chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Stability of the motion of a rotating axial symmetrical solid body in a fluid

The stability criterion of the motion of an axial symmetrical solid body rotating about its axis of revolution and moving in the direction perpendicular to its axis of rotation is obtained. The major controlling factors which stabilize a rotating top in a fluid are examined. For a flat circular top (A < B) the stabilizing effect of rotation appears less effective in the case of the rotating top translating in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation than parallel to the axis of rotation; the translation velocity destabilizes the rotating top in the former case but stabilizes it in the latter case.
Dynamic screening for ionized impurity scattering in degenerate semiconductors

Abstract The relaxation time of ionized impurity scattering is formulated by taking into account the dynamic screening of the impurities by the electrons in degenerate semiconductors. This formula for ionized impurity scattering is used to calculate the low-field drift mobility with Rode's method for the cases of electrons in GaAs and InP.
Fracture Mechanics of Unidirectional Composites Using the Shear-Lag Model I: Theory

Using the shear-lag model, we have solved for the crack-tip stress concentrations in double-edge notch and center notch unidirectional composites of finite width. From the stress-state solution, expressions are derived for strain energy release rate due to crack propagation through the fibers and due to crack propagation parallel to the fibers. It is pro posed that these new equations, which include geometric correction factors, may be used for fracture mechanics analyses of unidirectional composites and that their use will pro vide better physical insight into composite fracture. Because the heterogeneous nature of composites is specifically taken into account, it is suggested that these new equations are superior to ones derived from classical fracture mechanics or from stress-state solutions for homogeneous materials.
Heart induction in salamanders.

Heart determination is a gradual, cumulative process involving inductive and suppressive interactions between the heart mesoderm and nearby embryonic tissues. Our analysis of heart determination in the California newt, Taricha torosa, includes defect and other in vivo experiments, and explants in epidermal vesicles and into hanging drops. Explants of presumptive heart mesoderm from neurulae into hanging drops of a completely defined salt solution (Niu-Twitty solution) produce beating hearts only infrequently. The addition of various other tissues and fractions of tissue homogenates changes the frequency and the rate of differentiation. These two parameters were used to assess the stimulatory and suppressive effects of tissues and tissue fractions on the differentiation of the presumptive heart mesoderm. At least three different factors are active in eliciting and regulating heart differentiation. A specific heart inductor in anterior endoderm increases the rate and the freqency of heart differentiation. A general stimulatory factor in epidermis and other embryonic tissues increases the frequency, but not the rate, of heart differentiation. An inhibitory agent in cranial fold and neural plate tissues delays or prevents heart differentiation. These three factors operate from intact tissues in the embryo or when explanted in vesicles or hanging drops, and are effectively present in a fraction (from sephadex column chromatography) of homogenates of the appropriate tissues.
A Photographic Method of Determining Atomic Structure Factors

The intensities of x-rays reflected from powdered crystals of magnesium oxide and potassium chloride were measured photographically. It was found that this method made possible the measurement of somewhat higher orders of reflection from powdered crystals than have determined by the ionization method. The radial electron distribution for each of the atoms was determined and the results indicate that both compounds form polar crystals.
On the significance of the standardized notched impact strength for materials selection and design

Experimental data on the standard Charpy notched impact strength (CNIS) for a large sampling of particulate-filled and rubber-modified polypropylenes were ana lyzed. To determine the significance of the CNIS for material selection and design, CNIS data were compared with fracture toughness measurements expressed as the critical strain energy release rate G' c , measured under impact loading. A scale factor representing the state of stress at the crack tip was calculated, assuming small scale yielding, Class I linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Based on the data. three principal groups of materials were identified. In the smallest of the three. CNIS and G' c measurements showed the same functional dependence on the maternal variables studied and were characterized by a scale factor independent of the composition. In these cases, one can justify comparisons of toughness of different compositions using single values of the CNIS, since the materials are probably being compared in equivalent states of stress. In a second group, CNIS and G' c also show the same functional dependence on maternal variables, but exhibit large variations in the scale factor with composition. One should not compare the toughness of different materials from this group based on single values of CNIS, since it is likely that the comparisons would not be made relative to equivalent states of stress. In these cases, only measurements of G' c can separate the effect of specimen geometry from those of the intrinsic properties of the material. The majority of materials studied fell into a third group, in which the CNIS and G' c exhibited substantially different functional dependencies on the material properties, and the scale factors depended also on composition. In these latter cases, a comparison of CNIS values for different compositions is not a reliable indication of the relative toughness and is of little value as a parameter for material selection and design
The effect of hydrothermal processes on the distribution and stereochemistry of amino acids in Recent Antarctic sediments

Abstract Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula, is a marginal basin located in a heavily sedimented back-arc ridge system that is tectonically and hydrothermally active. Nine sediment samples, ranging in depth from 3 to 7.5 m, were isolated from two gravity cores taken proximal to a volcanic plug in Bransfield Strait. The samples were analyzed for elemental abundances (C, N), stable isotope compositions (δ13C, δ15N), and amino acid distributions and stereochemistry in order to assess the effects of hydrothermal stress on organic matter associated with these sediments. In general, %TOC and %N decrease slightly with increasing depth in each core, whereas C/N, % carbonate C and δ13C and δ15N remain essentially constant. Total amino acid abundances decrease significantly down core, particularly in the lowermost samples which may have come in direct contact with hydrothermal fluids. Also, with increasing depth, the water extractable “free” amino acids comprise a slightly larger percentage of the total amino acid fraction. Qualitatively, the amino acid distributions reflect the predominance of a diatom input to the sedimentary record. This biogenic signature remains evident despite diagenetic effects that become more pronounced with depth. Individual amino acid D/L values for the total sediment acid hydrolyzates of upper samples in each core remain relatively constant and are consistent with their age. Amino acid D/L values for the lower samples of each core, however, increase dramatically and suggest the occurrence of hydrothermal activity. Inherent complexities of this dynamic system severely limit the possibility of using amino acid racemization data to place constraints on the magnitude and duration of this postulated hydrothermal episode.
The integrated curriculum project: Teacher change and student outcomes within a university–school professional development collaboration

This observational study examined changes in teachers' instruction and student outcomes in response to a 3-year-long professional development collaboration between university researchers and a middle-school language arts team. Professional development supported teachers in implementing multimedia anchored instruction, a video-based instructional method shown to be effective for diverse learners. The Integrated Curriculum Project (ICP-3) used multimedia anchored instruction to promote constructivist reform and infuse technology into an integrated social studies and language arts curriculum to improve literacy and critical thinking skills for at-risk adolescents, including students with disabilities and those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Findings revealed that teachers moved toward a more learner-centered instructional approach and that both teachers and students made significant changes in classroom behaviors, including the quantity and quality of questions and time spent in small-group discussion. Implications for research and practice regarding sustained, collaborative professional development in technology integration, in this case, using multimedia anchored instruction, are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Hamiltonian index

Abstract For simple connected graphs that are neither paths nor cycles, we define h ( G ) = min{ m : L m ( G ) is Hamiltonian} and l ( G ) = max{ m : G has an arc of length m that is not both of length 2 and in a K 3 }, where an arc in G is a path in G whose internal vertices have degree two in G . We prove that h ( G )⩽ l ( G ) + 1. As consequences, we obtain theorems of Chartrand and Wall and of Lesniak-Foster and Williamson. We also characterize those graphs that satisfy l ( G ) + 1 = h ( G ). This characterization provides counterexamples to a previous result in [5].
Mission to observe oceans proposed

Most serious of the obstacles to understanding ocean circulation is the ‘absence of any widespread means for observing it,’ according to the recent report of the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX) Science Working Group. To overcome this hurdle, the panel recommends a 5-year satellite altimetry experiment to measure the ocean's topography. Aim of the experiment would be to yield a global view of ocean dynamics. A better estimate of the geoid—vital to many geophysicists—would result from TOPEX, the group said. A better understanding of ocean circulation would also aid commerce and shipping, fishing, national defense, and weather prediction. In addition, it could help to evaluate ocean disposal of radioactive wastes.
Implication of the structure and stability of disulfide intermediates of lysozyme on the mechanism of renaturation.

The conformational properties and stability of reduced hen egg lysozyme and those of the disulfide intermediates species formed during renaturation of reduced lysozyme have been reviewed. This information and that related with RNase A and other proteins are interpreted to outline a possible mechanism of renaturation of the reduced protein.
Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol and Drug Dependence

Advances in neurobiology have increased our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of drug and alcohol dependence and led to the development of medications to treat addictive disorders (Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):217-38). Addictive disorders are increasingly recognized as medical conditions, influenced by genetic, biological and psychosocial factors, for which the optimal treatment combines both pharmacological and psychosocial therapies (McLellan AT, Lewis DC, O'Brien CP, Kleber HD. Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation. JAMA. 2000;284(13):1689-95). This review discusses the neurobiology and physiology of addiction, the putative mechanisms of action of pharmacotherapies in the treatment of addictive disorders and the evidence for their efficacy.
Peptidergic neurons of the macaque monkey retina

Until recently, peptides were thought to act as neuromodulators in the retina, and the localizations of peptides in wide field amacrine cells, associational cells and interplexiform cells seemed to support this hypothesis. Anatomical studies in the macaque monkey retina, however, found that some types of peptidergic amacrine cells made extensive contacts with bipolar cell axons and retinal ganglion cell dendrites. The most striking exception to the earlier generalizations about retinal peptide function was the localization of immunoreactive cholecystokinin in bipolar cells that contacted short wavelength cones selectively. These results suggested that peptides were not only interacting with the most direct pathway for visual information; they also appeared to be used as transmitters by the neurons that comprise that pathway. Taken with the localizations of peptides in retinal ganglion cells and recent electrophysiological evidence, these findings suggest that peptides can also act more like conventional neurotransmitters.
Effects of fumonisin B1 on oxygen transport in membranes.

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-label oximetry has been used to study the effects of fumonisin B1(FB1), a sphingoid-like mycotoxin, on oxygen transport in phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers. Moreover, the use of spin labels attached to different carbons of fatty acids makes it possible to do structural and oximetric determinations with the same test sample. Specifically, the incorporation of 10 mol% FB1increased the oxygen transport properties of both saturated and unsaturated membranes at 37°C byca.30% and decreased the ordering of the hydrocarbon chains near the surface of the membranes; concomitantly, oxygen transport near the center of bilayers was diminished slightly, and the relative oxygen diffusion–concentration product profile curves were markedly flattened.
The P2X7 purinergic receptor on bovine macrophages mediates mycobacterial death

Abstract P2X7 is an ATP gated purinoceptor that has been linked to various immune responses. P2X7 appears to be expressed ubiquitously in the immune system and thus may be important as an effector pathway or play significant roles in cell activation/death. 2′,3′-(4-Benzoyl)benzoyl ATP is the most potent agonist of this receptor and ATP in its fully dissociated form (ATP4−) also activates the receptor. High concentrations of ATP can cause the P2X7 receptor to induce pore formation on the surface of the cell that allows molecules of considerable size to pass and can lead to cell death. The P2X7 receptor has also been linked to various immune activities when the concentration of ATP is lower, including the release of IL-1β. The role P2X7 receptors have on immune cell activities is just beginning to be understood. We sought to determine the role of P2X7 on bovine macrophages in eliminating the causative agent of bovine-type tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis. Because high concentrations of ATP are linked to macrophage death, we determined if this method of cell destruction also leads to reduced bacterial viability. We find that P2X7 is present on bovine macrophages from different sources, including both peripheral blood-derived as well as alveolar macrophages. In addition, P2X7 mRNA is present in B and T lymphocytes. The treatment of M. bovis-infected macrophages with ATP results in reduced macrophage viability as well as reduced M. bovis viability.
Group actions and learning for a family of automata

Abstract We study properties of a family of neural network type of automata which are generalizations of the Hopfield model for content addressable memory using a novel approach based on the action of groups of isometries of the hypercube. We review storage algorithms and show that the classical sum of outerproducts scheme and several of its variations are invariant under such action. As a consequence, we prove that the space of states is partitioned into orbits of points having the same dynamical behavior. We find minimal sets of conditions forcing this property and discuss applications for the structure of the stable points. Calculations for a simple orthogonal case are given as an example.
FRIENDSHIPS, FEMININITY, AND REACTION TO AFFECTIVE AROUSAL '

This study examined relations between college women's scores on femininity and their same-sex friendships and how these women's perceptions were influenced by induction of success or failure. 200 undergraduate women described themselves and their best friends on the dominance and submissiveness scales of the Interpersonal Adjective Scales and also completed the Behavioral Self-report of Femininity and a biographical information sheet. Mean ratings of dominance were above average both for self and best-friend ratings, but these two dominance ratings were not significantly correlated. However, women viewed themselves as similar to their best friends on submissiveness characteristics. Highly feminine women described themselves as more dominant than less feminine women. Highly feminine women also experienced less anxiety and fatigue as measured by the Profile of Mood States in response to failure induction than less feminine women. Both sets of results are contrary to expectations, but the behavioral definition of femininity was different from that used earlier.
Geometric Methods and Applications: For Computer Science and Engineering

This book is an introduction to the fundamental concepts and tools needed for solving problems of a geometric nature using a computer. It attempts to fill the gap between standard geometry books, which are primarily theoretical, and applied books on computer graphics, computer vision, robotics, or machine learning. This book covers the following topics: affine geometry, projective geometry, Euclidean geometry, convex sets, SVD and principal component analysis, manifolds and Lie groups, quadratic optimization, basics of differential geometry, and a glimpse of computational geometry (Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulations). Some practical applications of the concepts presented in this book include computer vision, more specifically contour grouping, motion interpolation, and robot kinematics.In this extensively updated second edition, more material on convex sets, Farkass lemma, quadratic optimization and the Schur complement have been added. The chapter on SVD has been greatly expanded and now includes a presentation of PCA. The book is well illustrated and has chapter summaries and a large number of exercises throughout. It will be of interest to a wide audience including computer scientists, mathematicians, and engineers.Reviews of first edition:"Gallier's book will be a useful source for anyone interested in applications of geometrical methods to solve problems that arise in various branches of engineering. It may help to develop the sophisticated concepts from the more advanced parts of geometry into useful tools for applications." (Mathematical Reviews, 2001)"...it will be useful as a reference book for postgraduates wishing to find the connection between their current problem and the underlying geometry." (The Australian Mathematical Society, 2001)
Simultaneous preparation of up to 768 single-stranded DNAs for use as templates in DNA sequencing

A method for simultaneously preparing large numbers of single-stranded M13 DNAs for use as templates in enzymatic chain-termination sequencing is described. We have optimized phage growth in microtiter dish wells and adapted the DNA extraction method of I. C. Eperon (1986, Anal. Biochem. 156 , 406–412) and D. Cohen (personal communication). Its use in a high-throughput genomic sequencing facility is discussed. The procedure yields a 30-fold increase in throughput relative to classic methods for this critical and labor-intensive step of the sequencing process. The method is inexpensive and requires only commercially available equipment and supplies, making it useful in individual laboratories as well as for a large project.
The spectrum of electrocardiographic manifestations of acute myocarditis: An expanded understanding

Abstract Background and Purpose Descriptions of the significance of ST segment or QRS abnormalities in myocarditis are limited because documentation of the diagnosis has previously required myocardial biopsy. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T2 weighted imaging in the midventricular wall on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) has a very good positive predictive value for the diagnosis of myocarditis. We hypothesized to reexplore the diagnostic value of these electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in myocarditis by utilizing CMRI as the reference standard. Methods Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, echocardiograms, coronary angiograms, and computed tomography angiography of 41 consecutive patients with definite midventricular or subepicardial LGE and T2 weighted imaging on CMRI were extracted from the available clinical records. ECGs were blindly examined by two independent readers and divided based on (a) STT changes into: 1. No STT changes, 2. STT changes but no ST elevation, 3. ST elevation (STE); and (b) the presence or absence of QRS abnormalities. Associations of these ECG changes with differences in left ventricular ejection fraction, as measured from CMRI was the main aim of this study. In addition, a complete clinical profile of these patients with myocarditis as identified by CMRI was also created. Results 80% of our study population were male with a mean age of 38.6 ± 15.5 and a paucity of traditional cardiovascular risk factors ( Conclusions Patients with clinical features suggestive of myocarditis and confirmatory CMRI findings, can present with a variety of ECG findings, some of which have the potential to identify those with a worse cardiac function, and potentially with a worse prognosis.
In-the-bag secondary intraocular lens implantation in children.

Abstract Background: Surgery for congenital cataracts in early infancy usually includes a primary posterior mcapsulectomy and an anterior vitrectomy. Initially, most of these infants have aphakia after surgery. Over time, remaining equatorial lens epithelial cells produce new cortical fibers, resulting in a ring of cortex trapped between the lens equator and the fused anterior and posterior capsulectomy edges. A potential space is maintained between the anterior and posterior capsular leaflets. We describe a technique for placing a secondary intraocular lens (IOL) within the capsular bag. Patients and Methods: Eight children, ranging in age from 11 months to 14 years, who originally had aphakia after cataract extraction were operated on with the intent to reopen the capsular bag and place an IOL in the bag. Results: Secondary in-the-bag IOL implantation was successfully completed in 7 of 8 children. This was accomplished by reopening the capsular bag 360° at the edge of the fused anterior and posterior capsulectomy remnants, using the previously published vitrectorhexis technique. Residual cortical material was aspirated, and an IOL was placed within the capsular bag. In 1 child, aged 14 years, the capsular bag was reopened, but the lens was placed in the ciliary sulcus because the new anterior capsule edge could not be visualized for 360°. Conclusion: Placement of secondary IOLs within the capsular bag can be accomplished successfully for selected patients in the pediatric population. Surgeons operating on infantile cataracts without primary IOL placement can facilitate capsular IOL sequestration later by limiting the anterior and posterior capsulectomy to 4 to 5 mm and performing a generous anterior vitrectomy to help prevent secondary closure of the smaller capsulectomy. (J AAPOS 1999;3:350-5)
Denaturation map of the ribosomal DNA of Lytechinus variegatus sperm.

Electron microscopy of the partially heat denatured ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) sperm has demonstrated that it consists of repeating units of 3.6 +/- 0.2 micron, corresponding to a mol.wt of 7.2 +/- 0.4 x 10(6). Based on differential denaturability, each repeat unit is divided into 2 regions. The larger region of 2.47 +/- 0.11 micron (mol.wt 4.9 +/- 0.22 x 10(6)) corresponds in length to the ribosomal precursor RNA of sea urchins and the smaller, GC-rich, subunit of 1.16 +/- 0.09 micrometer (mol.wt 2.3 +/- 0.18 x 10(6)) is presumed to contain non-transcribed spacer sequences.
Enhancing organizational sensemaking: An examination of the interactive effects of sales capabilities and marketing dashboards

Abstract Current marketing research highlights the direct effects of marketing resources on firm performance. Few studies, however, examine how such resources interact with one another and contribute to the strategic actions, such as sensemaking. In this study, we investigate how sales capabilities and performance monitoring via marketing dashboards influence a firm's sensemaking. The results from our study suggest that sales capability and the use of marketing dashboards not only contribute directly, but also have an interactive effect, highlighting the importance of integrating both sales and marketing operations. Further, we find evidence that sensemaking influences cost control and enhances customer relationship performance, suggesting that sensemaking has the potential to simultaneously impact both cost efficiency and growth.
Note-On the Relationship of Adaptive Filtering Forecasting Models to Simple Brown Smoothing

This Note establishes two linkages between adaptive estimation procedures used in the analysis and forecasting of multivariate time series and the simple Brown smoothing technique. First, for a simple model it is shown that AEP and LMS are identical to the Brown technique. Thus they are accorded the theoretical properties possessed by the Brown estimator for the simple model. This linkage establishes that the Brown technique has been extended in two complementary directions: to higher order smoothing models which use explicit functions of time and implicitly include effects of other variables and to adaptive time-varying parameter models which explicitly include the influences of other variables and implicitly incorporate time. Second, for the same simple model, Stochastic Approximation, Kalman Filtering, and Bayesian Analysis reduce to a form similar to the Brown technique except that they have a time-varying smoothing constant which approaches zero as the sample size grows large. Hence, while they provide optimal estimates which converge in mean square error, they are not responsive to change.
The Allure of Connectionism Reexamined

There is currently a debate over whether cognitive architecture is classical or connectionist in nature. One finds the following three comparisons between classical architecture and connectionist architecture made in the pro-connectionist literature in this debate: (1) connectionist architecture is neurally plausible and classical architecture is not; (2) connectionist architecture is far better suited to model pattern recognition capacities than is classical architecture; and (3) connectionist architecture is far better suited to model the acquisition of pattern recognition capacities by learning than is classical architecture. If true, (1)–(3) would yield a compelling case against the view that cognitive architecture is classical, and would offer some reason to think that cognitive architecture may be connectionist. We first present the case for (1)–(3) in the very words of connectionist enthusiasts. We then argue that the currently available evidence fails to support any of (1)–(3).
Two-dimensional metamaterial device design in the discrete dipole approximation

We extend the discrete dipole method to enable the analysis and design of two-dimensional magnetoelectric metamaterial devices based on transformation optics. Key to this method is the evaluation of the dipole moments of the metamaterial elements, which can be accomplished within the framework of a rigorous Bloch wave model based on lattice sums. Corrections to the polarizabilities for spatial dispersion and magnetoelectric coupling are included in the formulation of a generalized Clausius-Mossotti relationship. We demonstrate the utility of the extended approach by designing a cloaking structure that shows considerably improved performance over that designed by assuming the standard Clausius-Mossotti relationship between constitutive parameter and polarizability.
At Odds: Can Supervision and Evaluation Co-exist?:

This case presents a realistic scenario of what occurs when the intents of instructional supervision and evaluation are at odds with one another; when supervision and growth opportunities do not re...
Oxidation state dependent cis/trans isomerization in ML2 complexes of the heteroscorpionate ligand, (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methane and its derivatives with iron and cobalt

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of the Fe(III) and Co(II/III) complexes of tridentate heteroscorpionate ligands, (2-hydroxyphenyl) bis(pyrazolyl)methane, L1, and its derivatives, L2 and L3 are reported. Complexes prepared include [Fe(L)2][ClO4] where L=1–3, [Co(L3)2], [Co(L3)2][BPh4], and [Co(L)2]2Ag(MeCN)[BF4]3 where L=1 and 2. X-ray crystallographic analysis of several of the complexes have been completed. Electrochemical and other methods show that there is an oxidation state and ligand dependant cis/trans isomerization in these complexes.
Structure-activity studies leading to potent chloride channel blockers: 5e-tert-Butyl-2-[4-(substituted-ethynyl)phenyl]-1,3-dithianes

5e-tert-Butyl-2e-[4-(substituted-ethynyl)phenyl]-1,3-dithianes+ ++ with selected functional groups (R) on the ethynyl moiety are potent blockers of the GABA-gated chloride channel measured as inhibitor concentration (IC50) for 4-n-[3H]propyl-1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-2,6,7- trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane binding to bovine brain membranes. The terminal R substituents were introduced by coupling 5e-tert-butyl-2e-(4-iodophenyl)-1,3-dithiane with HC identical to CR or 5e-tert-butyl-2e(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3-dithiane with XR. The potency of the parent compound (R = H) with an IC50 of 21 nM is equaled or exceeded by up to 7-fold (i.e. IC50 = 3-21 nM) by several carboxylic acids [R = (CH2)nCO2H (n = 0-3), (CH2)nOCH2CO2H (n = 1-3), and CH2SCH2CO2H] and their esters and two phosphonic acids (CH2CH2PO3H2 and CH2OCH2PO3H2) but not their esters. These carboxylic and phosphonic acids (and their salts) include the most potent water-soluble chloride channel blockers known. Conversion to the monosulfones increases the activity of the R = H and CH2OH analogs by 1.2- to 3-fold but decreases that of the R = CH2CH2CO2R' (R' = H or CH3) derivatives by 3- to 13-fold. Quantitative structure-activity analyses for 44 2-[4-(substituted-ethynyl)phenyl]-dithianes suggests that the principal feature of the R substituent for high activity is its polarizable volume modeled as molecular refractivity, i.e. this substituent is not a well-defined pharmacophore and undergoes a structurally non-specific interaction with the receptor. These observations lay the background for preparing candidate affinity probes.
Effects of separation distance on the charge transfer interactions in quantum dot-dopamine assemblies.

We explored the effects of changing the separation distance on the charge transfer interactions between luminescent QD and proximal dopamine (in QD–dopamine assemblies), and the ensuing photoluminescence (PL) quenching. The separation distance was controlled using a tunable size bridge between the QD and dopamine via a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain where the average number of monomers was discretely varied. Using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements, we found that the photoluminescence losses were substantially more pronounced for QD–dopamine complexes prepared with the shortest PEG bridge, but progressively decreased with increasing PEG size. We also found that the charge transfer interactions can be affected by the nature of the capping ligand used. In particular, we found that interactions and PL quenching in these assemblies tracked the effects of separation distance, conjugate valence and the energy mismatch between the dopamine redox levels and QD energy levels, when a compact zwitterion was used to control the conjugate configuration. However, additional effects of shielding the access of reactive dopamine to amine groups on the QD surface, when a longer inert PEG ligand was used, were found to produce heterogeneous conjugates, alter the interactions and produce weaker PL quenching.
COIN fights: A response to Etzioni

Etzioni both exaggerates and minimizes the influence of my book Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife on different components of US military doctrine, mischaracterizes my treatment of the Malayan Emergency, and unfairly denigrates the successes of counterinsurgency in Iraq from 2007 to 2011 while misattributing the reasons for its failures in both Iraq and Afghanistan.
Further Radiochemical Studies of Fission of the U 2 3 6 * Compound Nucleus

Fission-product yields relative to the fission yield of ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$ were measured for the fission of ${\mathrm{Th}}^{232}$ with ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ ions of energies ranging from threshold to 45 MeV and for the fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$ with 14-MeV neutrons. The linear relationships between fission yields predicted by the two-mode fission hypothesis and previously observed for fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{236*}$ at low excitation energies break down at the higher energies in many cases. The fission yield of ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$ and the total fission cross section were evaluated as a function of ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ ion energy.
Patient Understanding of the Importance of Statin Use in the Perioperative Period

Objective Perioperative hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality after noncardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to assess patient understanding of the potential benefits of perioperative statins in a select population already on chronic therapy. A secondary aim was to determine the frequency with which patients recalled having a discussion with their provider regarding perioperative statins. Design Survey. Setting Teaching hospital. Participants Patients taking daily statins presenting to a preoperative medical evaluation clinic were offered a 12-question survey that assessed their understanding of the potential benefit of taking the medication in the perioperative period. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results One hundred thirty-two patients completed the questionnaire. The mean age was 68.3 years (standard deviation, 9.0); 42% were female. The most frequent surgical referral to the clinic was orthopedics, at 36%. The most common statin prescribed was atorvastatin, in 35% of patients. Twenty-seven percent of patients (n = 36) recognized that perioperative statins are beneficial; 44% of these patients (n = 14) cited decreased cholesterol during the procedure as the reason, representing 12% of the total sampled population. Twenty-two percent (n = 8) of those recognizing the benefit of perioperative statins identified a decrease in the risk of heart attack or death as the reason. This represented only 6% of the total sample. One percent of surgeons mentioned statins in relation to the planned surgery; 2% of primary or prescribing physicians mentioned the medication in relation to surgery. Conclusions This study suggested low patient understanding of the potential importance and reasons for perioperative statins. In addition, this study also suggested that the information regarding the importance of perioperative statins is not being relayed to the patient at the level of the surgeon or primary care physician. All physicians involved in perioperative care can offer improved patient education to promote compliance with statin therapy in hopes of a favorable impact on perioperative outcomes.
3D-2 Application of a Micromechanical Model to Wave Propagation Through Nonlinear Rough Interfaces Under Stress

Imperfect interfaces between two rough solids are known to exhibit nonlinear, anisotropic behavior under static normal and shear stresses. We expect this nonlinear, anisotropic behavior to have a profound effect on wave propagation through such interfaces. A micromechanical methodology is applied to explicitly model the initial normal and shear stiffness behavior of interfaces. The calculated initial normal and shear stiffness are used to investigate plane wave propagation behavior through interfaces utilizing the imperfectly bonded interface model