cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Screening for Domestic Violence A Systems Model Approach in a Managed Care Setting

Abstract Background: Implementation of screening guidelines for domestic violence has been challenging. The multifaceted "systems model" may provide an effective means to improve domestic violence screening, identification, and intervention in the healthcare setting. Methods: We developed: (1) a systems model approach using tools for effective referral, evaluation, and reporting of domestic violence; (2) materials for distribution to female patients; (3) training for social service and mental health clinicians to provide domestic violence evaluation; and (4) strong links to the community. Setting: A nonprofit, managed care facility in Richmond, California. Participants: Staff and members of the managed care plan. Main Outcome Measures: (1) Increased screening for domestic violence by clinicians; (2) increased awareness of the healthcare facility as a resource for domestic violence assistance; and (3) increased member satisfaction with the health plan's efforts to address domestic violence. Results: The number of clinician referrals and patient self-referrals to an on-site domestic violence evaluator increased more than twofold. A pre-intervention and post-intervention phone survey of members seen for routine checkup showed an increase in member recall of being asked about domestic violence. After intervention, statistically significant increases were seen in members' perception that the health plan was concerned about the health effects of domestic violence ( p p Conclusions: A systems model approach improved domestic violence services in a managed care health setting within 1 year and affected clinicians' behavior as well as health plan members' experience. This successful implementation makes it possible to address critical research questions about the impact of a healthcare intervention for victims of domestic violence in a managed healthcare setting.
Behind Intermediary Performance in Export Trade: Transactions, Agents, and Resources

Integrating transaction cost, agency, and resource-based theories, this study extends the work of Peng and Ilinitch (1998) by undertaking the first empirical efforts to explore the determinants of export intermediary performance. We suggest that given the transaction cost constraints and principal-agent conflicts, export intermediaries' performance depends on their possession of valuable, unique, and hard-to-imitate resources which help minimize their clients' transaction and agency costs. Survey results from 166 firms largely support our hypotheses.
Silver Clusters as Both Chromophoric Reporters and DNA Ligands

Molecular silver clusters conjugated with DNA act as analyte sensors. Our studies evaluate a type of cluster-laden DNA strand whose structure and silver stoichiometry change with hybridization. The sensor strand integrates two functions: the 3′ region binds target DNA strands through base recognition while the 5′ sequence C3AC3AC3TC3A favors formation of a near-infrared absorbing and emitting cluster. This precursor form exclusively harbors an ∼11 silver atom cluster that absorbs at 400 nm and that condenses its single-stranded host. The 3′ recognition site associates with a complementary target strand, thereby effecting a 330 nm red-shift in cluster absorption and a background-limited recovery of cluster emission at 790 nm. One factor underlying these changes is sensor unfolding and aggregation. Variations in salt and oligonucleotide concentrations control cluster development by influencing DNA association. Structural studies using fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and size ...
Structural basis for inhibition of Escherichia coli uridine phosphorylase by 5-substituted acyclouridines.

Uridine phosphorylase (UP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine to uracil and ribose 1-phosphate and is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine-salvage pathway. Escherichia coli UP is structurally homologous to E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase and other members of the type I family of nucleoside phosphorylases. The structures of 5-benzylacyclouridine, 5-phenylthioacyclouridine, 5-phenylselenenylacyclouridine, 5-m-benzyloxybenzyl acyclouridine and 5-­m-­benzyloxybenzyl barbituric acid acyclonucleoside bound to the active site of E. coli UP have been determined, with resolutions ranging from 1.95 to 2.3 A. For all five complexes the acyclo sugar moiety binds to the active site in a conformation that mimics the ribose ring of the natural substrates. Surprisingly, the terminal hydroxyl group occupies the position of the nonessential 5′-hydroxyl substituent of the substrate rather than the 3′-hydroxyl group, which is normally required for catalytic activity. Until recently, inhibitors of UP were designed with limited structural knowledge of the active-site residues. These structures explain the basis of inhibition for this series of acyclouridine analogs and suggest possible additional avenues for future drug-design efforts. Furthermore, the studies can be extended to design inhibitors of human UP, for which no X-ray structure is available.
Strain Rate Effect on the Stiffness of Random Fiber Composites due to Matrix Cracking and Interfacial Debonding

Considering the wide applications of composite materials, it is necessary understand the dynamic effects of damage mechanisms, including matrix cracking and interfacial debonding, on the stiffness performance of these materials. Strain rates may have a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of composite materials subjected to dynamic loadings. In this study, a numerical approach with the finite element code ABAQUS is used to develop a failure criterion to express the effect of static and dynamic damage mechanisms on the composite’s stiffness under uniaxial tensile loading. A random epoxy/glass composite material is investigated under three strain rates: quasi-static, intermediate, and high, here 10−4, 1, and 200 s−1, respectively. The results illustrate that the interfacial debonding increases as the strain rate increases in random epoxy/glass composite materials. At the same time, the normalized stiffness components exhibit different trends with strain rate increase due to their connection to matrix cracking or interfacial debonding.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Experiments In Automatic Cloud Tracking Using SMS-GOES Data

Abstract A description is given of the component parts of a computer system for automatically tracking clouds shown by sequences of pictures obtained by geostationary weather satellites. The component programs perform the following functions: separation of clouds from background; subdivision of the cloud data into groups (which are potential tracers); computation of the location, size, brightness and infrared values of each group: matching groups at two different times to give cloud motion vectors;and conversion of motions from the row and column coordinates of recorded data to earth coordinates. In this paper, the emphasis is on the automatic grouping and tracking functions. Some recent tests of the method are described and illustrated. These tests used SMS-GOES data in both visible and infrared channels for several different types of clouds, including low clouds, convective clouds and cirrus. Using 4 mi resolution data at one-half hour intervals, and with no initial information about the expected motion...
Inertial and magnetic motion tracking: Anatomical calibration

Traditionally, movement analysis is performed by means of photogrammetric systems (PS). PS's are accurate, expensive and cannot be used outside the laboratory. To overcome these limitations, inertial and magnetic sensing (IMS) units can be used. Each IMS unit provides a three DOF orientation relative to a global earth-fixed frame. For an effective estimate of joint kinematics, it is necessary to define, for each bony segment involved, an anatomical frame (AF). Relevant axes may be determined as rotation axes of a segment relative to an another during ad-hoc movements occurring in an anatomical plane (functional approach). Relevant drawbacks are: movement planes are subjective and as such not repeatable, joint impairment may produce axes that are not consistently related with bone anatomy and hinder the wide rotations required for accurate axis determination. In this study a calibration approach, based on the direct identification of anatomical landmarks as normally done in photogrammetry, is presented and its performance assessed.
Interrelationships of psychiatric symptom severity, medical comorbidity, and functioning in schizophrenia.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the interrelationships of psychiatric symptom severity, medical comorbidity, and psychosocial functioning in a sample of patients with schizophrenia by utilizing the baseline data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE). Methods: This study utilized baseline data from a multisite trial of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy, which collected data from 1,460 patients with schizophrenia at more than 50 sites in the United States between 2001 and 2003. Bivariate correlations were used to evaluate associations between schizophrenia symptoms and medical comorbidity, and multivariate regression models were used to determine the independent association between medical comorbidity and psychosocial functioning. Results: Of the 1,424 participants in the study sample, 58 percent had at least one medical condition: 20 percent had hypertension, 11 percent had diabetes mellitus, and 9 percent had four or more medical conditions. Medical comorbidity was associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning and greater depressive symptoms. The number of medical conditions was not associated with more severe schizophrenia symptoms. Both the number of medical conditions and physical health status were only weak correlates of psychosocial functioning. Conclusions: In this sample of persons with schizophrenia, medical comorbidity was associated with depression and neurocognitive impairment but was a weaker correlate of psychosocial functioning or employment status than psychotic symptoms, depression, and neurocognitive impairment. (Psychiatric Services 57:1102–1109, 2006)
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the major capsid protein from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris bacteriophage F4-1

Abstract The gene ( mcp ) coding for the major capsid protein (MCP) of the Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris bacteriophage F4-1 has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. The mcp gene was localized, by Western blotting with rabbit antiserum against intact bacteriophage, within a 3.3-kb Hin dIII- Spe I fragment and the sequence of the entire region determined. The 35-kDa MCP is coded for by a 905-bp open reading frame preceded by a putative ribosome-binding site. Deletion analysis and N-terminal sequencing of the MCP confirmed the identification of the gene coding for this bacteriophage MCP.
The Xenopus laevis cortical granule lectin: cDNA cloning, developmental expression, and identification of the eglectin family of lectins.

Abstract A Xenopus laevis egg cortical granule, calcium-dependent, galactosyl-specific lectin participates in forming the fertilization layer of the egg envelope and functions in establishing a block to polyspermy. We report the cDNA cloning of the lectin, expression of the cortical granule lectin gene during oogenesis and early development, and identification of a new family of lectins. The translated cDNA for the cortical granule lectin had a signal peptide, a structural sequence of 298 amino acids, a molecular weight of 32.7 K, contained consensus sequence sites for N -glycosylation and a fibrinogen domain. The lectin cDNA was expressed during early stages of oogenesis. Lectin glycoprotein levels were constant during development with 2/3 of the lectin associated with the extracellular perivitelline space and the egg/embryo fertilization envelope. Lectin mRNA levels were from 100- to 1000-fold greater in ovary than in other adult tissues. The lectin had no sequence homology to the previously identified lectin families. The lectin had 41–88% amino acid identity with nine translated cDNA sequences from an ascidian, lamprey, frog, mouse, and human. Based on the conserved carbohydrate binding and structural properties of these glycoproteins, we propose a new family of lectins, the eglectin family.
Shaping reality vs. hiding from reality: Reconsidering the effects of trait need for closure on information search

For tentative and final decisions on real and artificial issues, three studies revealed a positive relation between trait need for closure and selective approach to supportive (vs. unsupportive) information. Specifically, individuals with high (vs. low) trait need for closure selected more decision-supportive information and less decision-challenging information for viewing. Furthermore, Study 1 showed that the effect of trait need for closure functioned independently of authoritarianism and dogmatism, and Study 3 showed that the effect of trait need for closure on selective approach to decision-supportive information was mediated by a current concern to get closure on the experimental issue. These findings provide a new understanding of how trait need for closure shapes post-decisional information search and decision making.
Observations of NGC 4151 from Uhuru

Uhuru X-ray observations of NGC 4151 over the energy range from 2 to 10 keV are reported. A best-fit exponential power-law spectrum with a constant of 0.0096 and a spectral index of -0.1 is determined for the cited energy range. A comparison with Ariel 5 results indicates that a previously reported intensity variation was accompanied by a change in spectral shape. It is suggested that the X-ray source might have two components.
Crossed beam reaction of the phenyl radical, (C6H5, X2A′) with molecular oxygen (O2,X3Σg-): Observation of the phenoxy radical, (C6H5O, X2A′)

Abstract The chemical dynamics of the combustion-relevant reaction of phenyl radicals with molecular oxygen were investigated in a crossed beam reaction at a collision energy of 107 kJ mol−1. Under these conditions, the formation of the phenoxy radical (C6H5O) plus ground state atomic oxygen was observed; no atomic hydrogen exchange pathway was opened. The reaction dynamics of the phenoxy radical channel were found to be direct, involved a stripping-like reaction mechanism, and were initiated by a radical–radical recombination of phenyl plus molecular oxygen forming a short lived phenylperoxy radical (C6H5O2). The latter decomposed to the phenoxy radical plus atomic oxygen; the overall reaction was exoergic by about 38 ± 15 kJ mol−1.
Calculated point-contact spectra for sodium and potassium

Abstract We have calculated α 2 F and the point-contact spectral functions of Kulik, Omel'yanchuk, and Shekhter and of van Gelder for sodium and potassium. We have used a force-constant model for the phonons and pseudopotential theory for the electron-phonon interaction. On comparing with the experimental results of Jansen, et al., from which we have subtracted the background, we find qualitative agreement with all three calculated curves. The experimental high energy longitudinal phonon peak is broader than for any of the calculated curves for both metals. For sodium, the best fit of the experiment is with α 2 F. For potassium, the best fit is with Kulik's spectral function.
Between 2: Tango as interactive design

Drawing from interactive design theories and the authors' personal tango experiences in the Twin Cities and Buenos Aires, this paper critically examines tango dancing as a complex social world capable of revealing rich metadata about its physicality, spatiality, constituents, and underlying interactive processes that can be used to inform and invigorate designers' approach to digital interactivity. By exploring tango's physical and conceptual elements, parallels and connections with interactive design are identified, demonstrating how such explorations can inspire new perspectives on enhancing digital interactivity, while simultaneously refocusing our understanding of the dynamic, reciprocal relationship between digital worlds and the physical world we inhabit.
Orthotopic Osteochondral Transplantation of the Canine Proximal Femur

An 18-week study was conducted to evaluate orthotopic osteochondral transplantation of the proximal femur in the dog. Eighteen dogs were divided into 3 groups of 6 each. The first group received autografts, the second received fresh allografts, and the third received grafts that had been frozen in a bone bank for 24–28 days. The grafts were fixed in position using dynamic compression plates. The grafted limbs were maintained in a sling and thus were nonfunctional and non-weight bearing throughout the 18-week study. Postoperatively the dogs were given oral tetracycline to assess osteo-cyte viability. The dogs were radiographed at 2–week intervals and 1 dog in each group was euthanatized every 3 weeks. The femurs were examined using standard histopathologic and fluorescent labeling techniques. All femoral heads were luxated by the 2nd postoperative week. The bones of all the femoral heads underwent avascular necrosis and degenerative changes were present in the transplanted cartilage by the 6th postoperative week. During the first 18 weeks following transplantation there was little radiographic and histologic difference among the 3 types of grafts regarding the nature and rate of bone healing. Based on the data obtained from techniques utilized in this study, the femoral head, neck, and articular cartilage did not survive, while the femoral diaphysis did survive the transplantation process. Different techniques may alter to some degree the results obtained.
Saving Original Sin from the Secularists

Nearly five hundred years ago Martin Luther countered Erasmus’ rather optimistic understanding of human nature with his strong language of “bondage of the will.” The landscape, though, has been rad...
Response of Thirty Egg-Type Stocks to Four Layer Diets Differing in Protein and Caloric Levels

Abstract Thirty strains of egg-type pullets hatched in March were fed four rations differing in protein and metabolizable energy. Diet 1 contained 15.1% protein and 2,770 kcal ME/kg of feed; diet 2, 15.1% protein and 3,010 kcal; diet 3, 17.2% protein and 2,770 kcal; and diet 4, 17.2% protein and 3,010 kcal ME/kg of feed. The 2,880 pullets were housed two birds per cage and fed the four diets ad libitum from 150 to 500 days of age. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the four dietary combinations and to search for the presence of genotype by diet interactions for egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, body weight, and egg mass. Hen-day production for the four ration combinations was 73.40%, 74.38%, 75.61%, and 76.55% for rations 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. As protein and caloric level of the diets increased, average egg size, body size, and feed efficiency increased. Highly significant stock differences for egg production, egg size, feed efficiency, egg mass, and body weight were noted; however, diet by stock interactions for these traits were not statistically significant. There were highly significant stock-by-period and ration-by-period interactions for these traits. Despite the lack of statistical significance of the stock-by-ration interaction, there were stocks that deviated considerably from the average for egg production, body weight, and feed efficiency, particularly when fed the low protein-low energy ration, suggesting that some stocks should be fed specific laying diets.
A Proportional Wire Chamber Electronics System Utilizing CAMAC

This report describes a system of electronics to be used with a proportional wire chamber hodoscope. The system, which uses CAMAC packaging and data handling philosophy, consists of octo (8 channel) wire signal amplifiers, octo 4-bit per wire latch modules, gate fanout modules, crate controllers, and two types of data processor-interface units to the SDS 9300 computer. System operation is explained, and each component is described.
Principal component analysis of bacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides rapid fingerprinting of biomaterial in a non-destructive manner. The problem of tissue fluorescence, which can overwhelm a normal Raman signal from biological samples, is largely overcome by treatment of biomaterials with colloidal silver. This work presents a study into the applicability of qualitative SER spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) for the discrimination of four biological threat simulants; Bacillus globigii, Pantoea agglomerans, Brucella noetomae, and Yersinia rohdei . We also demonstrate differentiation of gram-negative and gram-positive species and as well as spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus globigii .© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Typology of PIE Syllabic Sonorants

One of the most prominent features of reconstructed PIE phonology is sonorant syllabicity: sonorant consonants function as syllable peaks when, generally speaking, they are not adjacent to a vowel. The general acceptance of this phenomenon in its various contours has persisted (see e.g. Mayrhofer 1986, Fortson 2009, Meier-Brugger 2010, Weiss 2011, etc.), despite the absence, for the most part, of any attempt to ascertain its credibility along the cross-linguistic dimension. In this paper, we evaluate the reconstructed PIE system from precisely this perspective. In comparing the established properties of PIE syllabic sonorants—including their distribution across words and morphemes, the complexity of their syllable margins, their participation in prosodic phenomena, their morphophonological alternation, and the directionality of their vocalization—against a survey of syllabic consonants across the languages of the world, we demonstrate the typological plausibility of the reconstruction, and so reinforce the confidence with which it has been maintained.
Enumeration and discrimination of mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis based on response reactions and unity bond index–quadratic exponential potential (UBI–QEP) method

Abstract The problem of a complete enumeration of a unique set of overall reactions and the corresponding mechanisms from a given set of elementary reactions is discussed in terms of the recently introduced concept of response reactions. A simple algorithm for the systematic generation of direct overall reactions and direct mechanisms from the given set of elementary reactions is presented. Further, based on energetic characteristics of the surface elementary reactions, i.e. the enthalpy changes and activation energy barriers, calculated by using the unity bond index–quadratic exponential potential (UBI–QEP) method, a qualitative procedure for the selection of energetically the most favorable direct mechanisms is proposed. These theoretical considerations are illustrated by a detailed analysis of the mechanism of methanol synthesis on copper catalyst.
Image Compression Algorithm Based on Fractal-Wavelet

For wavelet transferred image, there is great relevance between sub-bands with the same direction but different resolutions. A considering to this characteristic, this algorithm adopts diverse error thresholds as well as searching steps when fractal searching is made. Great searching steps along with small error thresholds apply to high frequency sub-bands, while the contrary is suitable for low ones. The experiment results show that compression rate is largely increased by this algorithm and the speed of encoding without reducing SNR and quality of decoded images, which is superior to the traditional wavelet coding algorithms.
Total oxidation of volatile organic compounds with hydrophobic cryptomelane-type octahedral molecular sieves

Abstract Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been studied with cryptomelane-type manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) synthesized in buffer solutions. Characterization of OMS-2 has been done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC), combined temperature programmed decomposition and mass spectrometry (TPD–MS), adsorption and adsorbate IR techniques. OMS-2 was found to possess excellent hydrophobicity and strong affinity for VOCs. Excellent activity and stability of OMS-2 in oxidation of VOCs at relatively low temperatures (100% conversion of 0.9% C 6 H 6 in air or 2.5% ethanol in air at 20 000 h −1 GHSV below 300°C) are due to these hydrophobic properties and to facile evolution of lattice oxygen without destroying the structure (120–650°C).
Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in effluent and non-effluent impacted environments

Abstract Synthetic musk fragrances (SMFs) are considered micropollutants and can be found in various environmental matrices near wastewater discharge areas. These emerging contaminants are often detected in wastewater at low concentrations; they are continuously present and constitute a constant exposure source. Objectives of this study were to investigate the environmental fate, transport, and transformation of SMFs. Occurrence of six polycyclic musk compounds (galaxolide, tonalide, celestolide, phantolide, traseolide, cashmeran) and two nitro musk compounds (musk xylene and musk ketone) was monitored in wastewater, various surface waters and their sediments, as well as groundwater, soil cores, and plants from a treated wastewater land application site. Specifically, samples were collected quarterly from (1) a wastewater treatment plant to determine initial concentrations in wastewater effluent, (2) a storage reservoir at a land application site to determine possible photolysis before land application, (3) soil cores to determine the amount of sorption after land application and groundwater recharge to assess lack thereof, (4) a lake system and its sediment to assess degradation, and (5) non-effluent impacted local playa lakes and sediments to assess potential sources of these compounds. All samples were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Data indicated that occurrence of SMFs in effluent-impacted environments was detectable at ng/L and ng/g concentrations, which decreased during transport throughout wastewater treatment and land application. However, unexpected concentrations, ng/L and ng/g, were also detected in playa lakes not receiving treated effluent. Additionally, soil cores from land application sites had ng/g concentrations, and SMFs were detected in plant samples at trace levels. Galaxolide and tonalide were consistently found in all environments. Information on occurrence is critical to assessing exposure to these potential endocrine disrupting compounds. Such information could provide a scientific framework for establishing the need for environmental regulations.
Optical properties of axial-illumination flow cells for simultaneous absorbance-fluorescence detection in micro liquid chromatography

Abstract Simultaneous measurements of absorbance and fluorescence are possible with axial-illuminated flow cells, fashioned with a unique bend geometry. The optical properties of these flow cells have been studied. Effects of variations in lumen refractive index, capillary wall thickness and physical pathlength have been examined. A theoretical understanding of the various light propagation modes and of light intensity distributions in these modes, based upon lumen refractive index, has been attained. Of more practical significance, optical pathlengths from
Role of the testa epidermis in the leakage of intracellular substances from imbibing soybean seeds and its implications for seedling survival

The effects of testa epidermal cracks on imbibition induced soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed damage, as measured by the leakage of intracellular constituents, and on subsequent seedling survival were examined. Testa epidermal cracking increased with increasing seed surface area and this was caused by periods of dry seed hydration as short as 1 min followed by air drying. As compared to slow imbibition in germination paper, rapid imbibition of seeds caused by submersion in distilled H2O for 6 h at 25°C greatly increased the leakage of intracellular substances during imbibition and greatly decreased the survival of seeds with intact testae, testa epidermal cracks, and without testae. Seeds that were aerated during rapid hydration germinated as poorly and leached solutes as profusely as seeds not aerated. This indicates that anoxia is not a significant factor in rapid hydration effects on soybean seeds. Seeds with testa epidermal cracks had higher levels of leakage of intracellular substances and lower rates of seedling survival than seeds with intact testae. This was true regardless of rate of hydration. Testa tissues other than the epidermis had no effect on seedling survival after slow imbibition but greatly decreased seed leakage during rapid imbibition and increased subsequent survival. Studies with individual seeds indicated that the leakage of intracellular substances during rapid hydration is greatest from seeds that are killed or severely injured by imbibition or that are dead before imbibition, regardless of testa condition. These results indicate that soybean seed testa epidermis is extremely important in protecting the seed from injury by rapid and slow hydration and in maintaining seed viability.
Perceptions of Diversity in Higher Education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate student perceptions of diversity in higher education and continuing educational settings. Students in teacher preparation and school administration programs were administered a survey and significant differences related to attitudes toward diversity were found. Results of this study indicate that enrollment in more than one course that discusses diversity can impact students’ personal and professional lives.
Genetic Screening Reveals an Essential Role of p27kip1 in Restriction of Breast Cancer Progression

The genetic changes and mechanisms underlying the progression of estrogen-dependent breast cancers to estrogen-independent, antiestrogen-resistant, and metastatic breast cancers are unclear despite being a major problem in endocrine therapy. To identify genes responsible for this progression, we carried out a genetic screening by an enhanced retroviral mutagen (ERM)–mediated random mutagenesis in the estrogen-dependent T47D breast cancer cells. We found that T47D cells contain only one p27kip1 ( p27 ) allele coding for the p27 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. An ERM insertion into the p27 locus of T47D cells disrupted the p27 gene and created estrogen-independent and antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cells that still maintained functional estrogen receptors. Disruption of p27 in T47D cells resulted in several changes, and most of these changes could be rescued by p27 restoration. First, CDK2 activity was increased in the absence of estrogen or in the presence of estrogen antagonists tamoxifen or ICI 182780; second, amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), a cancer overexpressed transcriptional coactivator, was hyperphosphorylated, which made AIB1 a better coactivator for E2F1; and third, growth factor receptor binding protein 2–associated binder 2 (Gab2) and Akt activity were increased following E2F1 overactivation, leading to a significant enhancement of cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the p27-deficient cells, but not T47D control cells, developed lung metastasis in an ovarian hormone–independent manner when they were i.v. injected into nude mice. In sum, loss of p27 activated AIB1, E2F1, Gab2, and Akt; increased cell migration and invasion; caused antiestrogen insensitivity; and promoted metastasis of breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that p27 plays an essential role in restriction of breast cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):8032–42]
Fibre-optic spectrophone

The first operation of a fibre-optic spectrophone is reported. A 2.54 cm diameter coil of single-mode fibre was fused into one arm of an all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The device operated as a highly sensitive optoacoustic detector.
Performance of stacked, flow-through micropreconcentrators for portable trace detection

Improving techniques for portable trace analyte collection and pretreatment is of critical concern for security, medical, food and environmental applications. The trend has been to employ MEMS technologies to meet this need as these microfabricated devices offer advantages such as small dead volumes, low power consumption, capacity for large scale manufacture and a commensurate savings with economies of scale. In this work a prototype trace sampling system intended for use with ion mobility spectrometers is presented. The system utilizes a stack of microfabricated preconcentrator plates capable of collecting samples in a sorbent polymer at flow rates up to 30 LPM. The plates are thermally desorbed after an integration period to produce a concentrated vapor plug that is transferred to the detector for analysis. A real-time controller, FPGA and custom electronics are used to manage independent heating of up to 4 of these devices in either constant voltage or temperature modes. The preconcentrators were tested with a commercial Vapor Tracer II IMS against TNT and RDX vapors ranging in concentration from 2.6 PPT to 620 PPT under a variety of conditions. Results are presented on performance of single preconcentrators with RDX, multiple cascaded devices vs. TNT and RDX, with and without a PDMS detector inlet membrane, and to compare sorbent coated and bare devices. The system demonstrated preconcentration factors of 38 with 2.6 PPT RDX and 30 with 13 PPT TNT.
Interference avoidance among IEEE 802.22 networks: A Game Theoretic Approach

In this paper, we use game theory to mitigate selfinterference among cognitive radio based IEEE 802.22 networks such that these networks can efficiently co-exist. When a network experiences interference, it can adopt either one of two choices- switch to a new band hoping to find a non-interfering one, or stay with its current band hoping that the interfering network(s) will move away to a new band. We model the spectrum band switching process as an infinite horizon repeated game where the aim of each network (player) is to find a channel void of interference from it's neighboring networks incurring minimal cost. We investigate both pure and mixed strategy solution space of the game and show that pure strategy solution of the game is infeasible. Thus a mixed strategy is proposed which achieves subgame-perfect Nash Equilibrium. Until now we have investigated the case where each network is within the interference range of all other networks. We seek to generalize it to the case where networks can have an arbitrary number of potential interferers. Simulation results reveal that using the proposed strategies, each network can find a clear channel quickly and at the same time incur a low cost.
Observational Learning in Hummingbirds

Abstract Migratory hummingbirds forage on diverse assemblages of flowers varying in shape, color, and accessibility. Do hummingbirds learn to feed from flowers by observing other hummingbirds? Learning abilities of Ruby-throated (Archilochus colubris), Broad-tailed (Selasphorus platycercus), and Rufous (S. rufus) hummingbirds were studied in the presence or absence of a knowledgeable tutor. In two sequential trials hummingbirds learned to feed from artificial feeders of increasing complexity. Feeders in the first trial had easy access and were colored red at the nectar spout. In this initial trial, hummingbirds attempted to feed from the artificial feeder regardless of tutor presence, but tutored birds learn to feed more quickly. Feeders in the second trial were uncolored and the nectar spout was surrounded by a long artificial corolla. Tutored birds again learned to feed more quickly than their solitary counterparts. However, both untutored and tutored hummingbirds learned to feed more quickly in the sec...
A nonconformal volume integral equation for electromagnetic scattering from anisotropic materials

The purpose of this study is to formulate integral equations for electromagnetic scattering by arbitrarily shaped anisotropic bodies with complex permittivity and permeability tensors, /spl epsi//sub r/ and /spl mu//sub r/, respectively, and to develop a code for the efficient solution of such equations. A coupled integral equation is obtained that represents both the electric and magnetic fields, E/sup /spl rarr//(r/sup /spl rarr//) and H/sup /spl rarr//(r/sup /spl rarr//), respectively, to account for both the electric and magnetic properties of the scatterer. To obtain a nonconformal volume integral equation (VIE), imposing divergence or curl operators on the unknown vectors are avoided by applying instead the gradient-gradient operator on the Green's function. In the method of moments (MoM) solution of the presented VIE tetrahedral discretization is employed for accurate and flexible geometric modeling. Applying the gradient-gradient operator on the Green's function gives the flexibility to choose piecewise constant functions to expand E/sup /spl rarr//(r/sup /spl rarr//) and H/sup /spl rarr//(r/sup /spl rarr//) and to test the electric and magnetic polarization currents, J/sup /spl rarr//(r/sup /spl rarr//) and M/sup /spl rarr//(r/sup /spl rarr//), respectively. Moreover, the resulting coefficient matrix is symmetric for a reciprocal medium due to the symmetry of the volume integral operators in the formulation.
Initiation of DNA synthesis by human thrombin: relationships between receptor binding, enzymic activity, and stimulation of 86Rb+ influx

Stimulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium (Na+) influx and the subsequent activation of NA+, K+-ATPase by serum or growth factors have been implicated as early events leading to initiation of cell proliferation. We recently demonstrated that amiloride inhibits thrombin-initiated DNA synthesis not by inhibiting an early event occurring during the first 8 hr, but rather by inhibiting some later event 8 to 12 hr after thrombin addition. To further probe the relationship between stimulation of ion influx and initiation of cell proliferation, human alpha-thrombin was converted to gamma-thrombin, nitro-alpha-thrombin, and diisopropylphospho (DIP)-alpha-thrombin. These derivatives retain either the capacity to bind cell surface alpha-thrombin receptors or thrombin esterase activity, but they do not initiate DNA synthesis. At low concentrations of alpha-thrombin or the various thrombin derivatives, only alpha-thrombin stimulates 86Rb+ influx, suggesting a correlation between stimulation of influx and the ability of these derivatives to initiate DNA synthesis. Concentrations of a DIP-alpha-thrombin that saturate the alpha-thrombin receptors (up to 2 micrograms/ml) do not stimulate either the early or late influx of 86Rb+, indicating that DIP-alpha-thrombin binding alone is not sufficient to stimulate ion fluxes. High concentrations of either gamma-thrombin or nitro-alpha-thrombin, however, stimulate both early and late 86RB+ uptake but do not initiate DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that events leading to both the early and late stimulation of 86Rb+ influx by themselves are not sufficient to initiate cell proliferation. Thus, initiation may require a combination of events that can be independently regulated by different transmembrane signals.
Thin Film Thermal Conductivity by Anharmonic Lattice Dynamics Calculations

Lattice dynamics calculations are used to investigate thermal transport in argon thin films with thicknesses ranging between one and ten nanometers. Quasi-harmonic lattice dynamics calculations are used to find the frequencies and mode shapes of non-interacting phonons. This information is then used as input for anharmonic lattice dynamics calculations, whereby we compute the frequency shift and lifetime of each phonon mode due to interactions with other phonons. The phonon frequencies, group velocities, and lifetimes determined with the lattice dynamics techniques are then used to compute the in-plane thermal conductivity of the thin films as a function of film thickness. The thermal conductivities predicted by the lattice dynamics methods are compared to predictions from molecular dynamics simulations. Differences in the phonon characteristics in thin films compared to bulk crystals are examined by comparing the contribution to the thermal conductivity as a function of frequency.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Iris Young's Five Faces of oppression applied to nursing.

Purpose. To explore Iris Young's Five Faces of Oppression as a framework for understanding oppression of nurses. Conclusions. Nursing's gendered status is implicated in nursing's status as a profession. Young's framework clearly lays out the ways in which nurses are oppressed in today's healthcare system. Practice Implication. Understanding the structure of nursing's oppression allows nursing to begin to formulate a thoughtful response to oppression and helps nursing find its voice in the larger world of the healthcare system.
The Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell Depends Strongly on Anode Geometry: A Multidimensional Modeling Study

A multidimensional biofilm model is developed to simulate biofilm growth on the anode of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). The biofilm is treated as a conductive material, and electrons produced during microbial growth are assumed to be transferred to the anode through a conductive biofilm matrix. Growth of Geobacter sulfurreducens is simulated using the Nernst–Monod kinetic model that was previously developed and later validated in experiments. By implementing a conduction-based biofilm model in two dimensions, we are able to explore the impact of anode density and arrangement on current production in a MFC.
Performance Improvement Using Parallel Simulation Protocol and Time Warp for DEVS Based Applications

DEVS is a formalism intended to model both discrete and continuous systems. The use of discrete events, rather than time steps, as the basis for simulation has been shown to reduce the computation time in many applications. Parallel DEVS is an extension to standard DEVS, which provides means to handle simultaneous scheduling. In this paper, we present an implementation of the parallel DEVS simulation protocol that uses a modified time warp optimistic algorithm for shared memory multiprocessor machine. This implementation is designed to execute the DEVS models in parallel and, at the same time to correctly simulate every model defined in terms of DEVS specification. Two test cases and the DEVSFIRE example are used to verify this algorithm. Preliminary experimental results are presented that show the implementation can speedup a DEVS simulation.
Electronic structure and transport in graphene/haeckelite hybrids: an ab initio study

We combine ab initio density functional theory (DFT) structural studies with DFT-based nonequilibrium Green's function calculations to investigate how the presence of non-hexagonal rings affects electronic transport in graphitic structures. We find that infinite monolayers, finite-width nanoribbons, and nanotubes formed of 5–8 haeckelite with only 5- and 8-membered rings are generally more conductive than their graphene-based counterparts. The presence of haeckelite defect lines in the perfect graphitic structure, a model of grain boundaries in CVD-grown graphene, increases the electronic conductivity and renders it highly anisotropic.
Inverse scattering problem with underdetermined data.

Consider the Schrodinger operatorr 2 +q with a smooth compactly supported potential q, q = q(x);x2 R 3 . Let A(;;k ) be the corresponding scattering amplitude, k 2 be the energy, 2 S 2 be the incident direction, 2 S 2 be the direction of scattered wave, S 2 be the unit sphere in R 3 . Assume that k = k0 > 0 is xed, and = 0 is xed. Then the scattering data are
Flight Effects on Jet Noise Radiated from Convecting Quadrupoles

THE effects of flight on nbise radiation from convecting quadrupoles in a jet flow are examined. The theory provides an explicit expression for a newly discovered flightconvective amplification in terms of the characteristic Mach numbers Mct My, and Mf. This analysis shows that as flight velocity increases there is a steadily increasing amplification of the sound that is radiated into the forward arc and a large reduction of the sound that is radiated into the rearward arc. The analysis also shows that flight effects in the fore and aft quadrants for a hot jet, inasmuch as the amplification or reduction over the static case is concerned, are essentially the same as flight effects in the fore and aft quadrants for a cold jet. Finally, the theory shows that the flight effects at 0^90 deg to the jet axis are virtually absent. Contents An approach that takes care of the modifications to LighthilPs theory1'2 to include the effects of sources convected with the flow and their interactions with the flow was initiated by Lilley 3 and Mani4'5 who consider a vortex-sheet model jet noise problem. All of these features, however, describe a jet with zero flight velocity. This theory6 takes into account the triple events of convection, jet flow, and flight which occur simultaneously in a practical environment. The primary contribution of this paper is a generalized inclusion of flight effects. The analysis is intended to model the situation depicted in Fig. la, in which a subsonic jet exhausts at a velocity Uj from a nozzle which is moving in an opposite direction with a velocity Uf, while a point source is convecting with a velocity Uc on the centerline of and in the same direction as the jet flow. For a coordinate system fixed on the nozzle, the whole affair would appear as if the phenomenon were taking place in an atmosphere which is moving in the same direction as the jet. Thus, the situation could be modeled as illustrated in Fig. Ib, which is in consonance with the acoustic environment prevailing in a wind tunnel designed to simulate the effects of flight on jet noise. The mathematical model that describes the vortex sheet theory consists of the following governing equations: 1 ( D \2 with
Cardiac sarcoidosis with sudden death: treatment with the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

variability found in our stroke distance measurements and was equally diagnostic.* However, the Exerdop equipment allows relatively inexperienced operators to obtain good signals quickly and the dedicated software allows rapid analysis and diagnosis. Thus this method should provide a powerful adjunct to the conventional methods of the diagnosis of broad complex tachycardias, especially in an emergency. It appears to be specific in diagnosing ventricular tachycardia, although it cannot distinguish ventricular tachycardia with 1: 1 retrograde conduction from supraventricular tachycardia.
Outcomes and Risk Factors for Mortality among Patients Treated with Carbapenems for Klebsiella spp. Bacteremia.

Background Extensive dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has led to increased resistance among Klebsiella species. Carbapenems are used as a last resort against resistant pathogens, but carbapenemase production can lead to therapy failure. Identification of risk factors for mortality and assessment of current susceptibility breakpoints are valuable for improving patient outcomes.