cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How to Boost Engineering Support Via Web 2.0 - Seeds for the Ares Project...and/or Yours?

The Mission Operations Laboratory (MOL) at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is responsible for Engineering Support capability for NASA s Ares launch system development. In pursuit of this, MOL is building the Ares Engineering and Operations Network (AEON), a web-based portal intended to provide a seamless interface to support and simplify two critical activities: a) Access and analyze Ares manufacturing, test, and flight performance data, with access to Shuttle data for comparison. b) Provide archive storage for engineering instrumentation data to support engineering design, development, and test. A mix of NASA-written and COTS software provides engineering analysis tools. A by-product of using a data portal to access and display data is access to collaborative tools inherent in a Web 2.0 environment. This paper discusses how Web 2.0 techniques, particularly social media, might be applied to the traditionally conservative and formal engineering support arena. A related paper by the author [1] considers use
Introduction -- The Border Crossed Us: Current Issues in Immigrant Labor

This introduction to a symposium edition also presents original empirical research from the INS New York District establishing a strong correlation between INS worksite raids and the existence of formal labor disputes, despite internal agency rules intended to limit INS involvement in employer-employee conflicts. By implication, an even more substantial amount of worksite raids likely correlate with informal labor disputes, including disputes that have not yet resulted in the filing of administrative or judicial complaints or union grievances. That is, in many instances, and perhaps in a majority of cases, the reason immigration agents receive a tip and conduct a raid is because a retaliating boss (or, perhaps at times, a disgruntled employee) seeks an unlawful edge in labor and employment relations. In practice, the immigration agency frequently allows itself to be used as a tool of sweatshop bosses unlawfully retaliating against their workers.
Isotopic measurements of atmospheric methane in Los Angeles, California, USA: Influence of "fugitive" fossil fuel emissions

[1] Recent studies have suggested that CH4 emissions in Los Angeles and other large cities may be underestimated. We utilized stable isotopes (13C and D) and radiocarbon (14C) to investigate sources of CH4 in Los Angeles, California. First, we made measurements of δ13C and δD of various CH4 sources in urban areas. Fossil fuel CH4 sources (oil refineries, power plants, traffic, and oil drilling fields) had δ13C values between −45 and −30‰ and dD values between −275 and −100‰, whereas biological CH4 (cows, biofuels, landfills, sewage treatment plants, and cattle feedlots) had δ13C values between −65 and −45‰ and δD values between −350 and −275‰. We made high-altitude observations of CH4 concentration using continuous tunable laser spectroscopy measurements combined with isotope analyses (13C, 14C, and D) of discrete samples to constrain urban CH4 sources. Our data indicate that the dominant source of CH4 in Los Angeles has a δ13C value of approximately −41.5‰ and a δD value between −229 and −208‰. Δ14C of CH4 in urban air samples ranged from +262 to +344‰ (127.1 to 134.9 pMC), depleted with respect to average global background CH4. We conclude that the major source of CH4 in Los Angeles is leakage of fossil fuels, such as from geologic formations, natural gas pipelines, oil refining, and/or power plants. More research is needed to constrain fluxes of CH4 from natural gas distribution and refining, as this flux may increase with greater reliance on natural gas and biogas for energy needs.
DoD Range Rule Withdrawn with a View Towards Reproposal

During the Department of Defense's Environmental Cleanup Stakeholders Forum in St. Louis, Missouri, in November 2000, the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Ms. Sherri Goodman, announced that she had withdrawn the Range Rule from the Office of Management and Budget, with the intent to repropose the Rule. This Note outlines the reasons why Ms. Goodman withdrew the Rule from the Office of Management and Budget and explains the interim directives to be issued by the Department of Defense.
Simplified spherical harmonics in the variational nodal method

The multigroup simplified spherical harmonics equations with anisotropic scattering are derived from a variational principle that preserves nodal balance. The resulting equations are discretized using a Ritz procedure with spatial trial functions that are complete polynomials within the nodes and on the interfaces. The resulting equations are case in a response matrix form and incorporated as an option of the variational nodal spherical harmonics code VARIANT. Fixed source and multigroup eigenvalue calculations are performed on benchmark problems. The accuracy and computational efficiency of spherical harmonic and simplified spherical harmonic approximations are compared, and the compensating effects of spatial and angular truncation errors are examined. The results indicate that in most situations, simplified and standard spherical harmonics results of the same order are in close agreement, while the use of simplified spherical harmonics substantially reduces computing costs.
Metal ion induced reaction specificity in vitamin B6 model systems: The effects of Zn2+ and Cu2+ on the 5-deoxypyridoxal catalyzed reactions of α-phenyl-α-aminomalonic acid

Abstract In the absence of metal ions, the reaction of 5-deoxypyridoxal (III) with α-phenyl-α-aminomalonic acid, (II; R=C6H5) leads to the formation of two 5-deoxypyridoxal-derived products, 5-deoxypyridoxamine (VII) and a dimer-like product (VIII) formed from the condensation of a molecule of III and a molecule of VII (J. W. Thanassi, Biochemistry 12, 5109 (1973)). The addition of excess Zn2+ ions or limiting Cu2+ ions leads to the formation of VII only. Addition of excess Cu2+ ions results in an entirely different 5-deoxypyridoxal-derived product, VI, which is a peptide of 5-deoxypyridoxic acid and d,l -α-phenylglycine (V), and which is formed in an oxidative reaction. Mechanisms for the formation of these compounds are discussed in relation to reaction selectivity in vitamin B6 catalysis.
Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from dairy cattle in Wisconsin

Abstract Salmonella enterica is a pathogen of humans and animals, and is one of the most frequent causes of bacterial foodborne illness worldwide. People consuming contaminated foods or working with infected livestock have the potential to become infected with Salmonella and may require antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella has become a problem worldwide due in part to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in human and veterinary medicine. In this study, forty-five Salmonella isolates from diagnostic fecal samples of Wisconsin dairy cattle were serotyped and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing using agar disk diffusion, antimicrobial resistance gene detection by PCR, plasmid analysis and conjugation studies. The predominant serovars detected were Kentucky, Newport, Typhimurium, Cerro, Dublin and Montevideo. Over half (51%) of all isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 29% were resistant to 8–10 drugs. The most commonly observed resistance phenotypes were to streptomycin (44%), tetracycline (42%), sulfisoxazole (40%), chloramphenicol (35%), ampicillin (33%), and cefoxitin (33%). When resistance was detected phenotypically, a corresponding resistance gene was detected 86.2% of the time. Plasmids ranging in size from
The Kayanid crown and Qajar reclaiming of royal authority

IN THE FIRST SURVIVING PORTRAIT OF FATH CALI SHAH (R. 1797-1834) AS THE Qajar sovereign, painted in 1213/1797-98, just after his accession, the young shah appears with a turban-like cap decorated with a plumed jiqqa (aigrette, fig. 1). The so-called Kayanid crown, a creation of his uncle and predecessor, Aqa Muhammad Shah Qajar (1785-97), is missing. In contrast to most other royal portraits of the later years, here in this majestic work by the master painter, Mirza Baba Shirazi, the shah poses on what appears to be a platform throne covered with a carpet, though at the time there was no Qajar royal throne in existence. The absence of the crown and the throne, the most conspicuous symbols of kingly authority, made the young Fath cAli Shah a crown-andthrone-less king (bi t4j va takht), a synonym for utter powerlessness in the Persian political culture. N^ The reason for the absence of the so-called "badges of sovereignty" (vasla-hii-i saltanat) in the symbol-conscious Qajar era (1785-1925)-an absence more telling ^51 ! than any official chronicle would care to reveal-must be sought not in the artist's taste or his royal patron's choice, but in the prevailing chaos and the struggle for Fig. 1. Portrait of Fath CAIi Shah political supremacy. The political nuances behind the in 1797-98. Source Diba and early Qajar pitns more seiial the initial Ekhtiar, Royal Persian Paintings, paintings, specifically 30. absence of the Kayanid crown and its gradual emergence in later paintings, reveals much about Fath cAli Shah's utilizing the medium of painting in order to transmit a message of authority and stability. Borrowing Marshall McLuhan's famous maxim, the medium of these royal paintings was the very message they aimed to convey to their viewers.'
A multi-industry contingency model of R&D intensity in declining organizations

Abstract This paper proposes an alternative way of thinking about the issues of managing technology and R&D strategy. Drawing on the literature of organizational decline, the paper develops and tests a contingency model of firms' adaptation of their R&D intensity in response to decline. Results from a sample drawn from two “non-high tech” industries suggest that even in these industries, R&D often represents not a slack resource but rather a critical component of a firm's strategic posture. Further, findings indicate that firms' pre-decline R&D intensity moderates the relationship between severity of decline and degree of cutbacks in R&D spending. Low initial R&D intensity firms exhibited strong responses to the decline while high initial R&D firms showed almost no reaction at all. The strategic implications of these results are discussed.
Using unfolding case studies in a subject-centered classroom

The recently published report of the Carnegie Foundation's National Study of Nursing Education points out significant problems with classroom teaching in schools of nursing. This article suggests Palmer's idea of the subject-centered classroom as a way to transform nursing school classrooms into collaborative learning communities. For Palmer, the subject is the big idea of nursing practice-the nurse-patient/client/family/community relationship-that should take the lead in stimulating inquiry and discussion. The article goes on to describe how teachers can develop and use unfolding case studies to bring the subject to the center of the classroom. By doing so, the classroom becomes a place where students learn a sense of salience, develop their clinical imagination, and begin their formation as professional nurses.
Twisted and coiled ultralong multilayer graphene ribbons

The mechanical behavior and properties of multilayer graphene sheets and nanoribbons have been a subject of intensive research in recent years, due to their potential in electronic, structural and thermal applications. Calculations of effective properties range from molecular dynamic simulations to use of structural mechanical continuum models. Here, structural and elastic parameters are obtained via full atomistic simulations, and a two-dimensional mesoscopic model for a sheet of graphene is developed utilizing coarse-grain bead-spring elements with rotational-spring potentials. The assertion of energy conservation between atomistic and mesoscale models through elastic strain energy is enforced to arrive at model parameters, incorporating normal and shear strains, out-of-plane bending and intramolecular interactions. We then apply our mesoscopic model to investigate the structure and conformational behavior of twisted ultralong multilayer graphene ribbons with lengths of hundreds of nanometers, representing several millions of individual atoms, beyond the accessible regime of full atomistic molecular dynamics. We find a distinct transition from a twisted (saddle-like) configuration to a helical (coil-like) configuration as a function of imposed rotation and number of graphene layers. Further, for single layer graphene ribbons, multiple, stable configurations occur at discrete rotations due to the surface adhesion. The model developed and applied here can be more generally used to investigate properties of other two-dimensional membrane and ribbon-like systems for mesoscale hierarchical material design.
Computation of integrated-circuit yields from the distribution of slice yields for the individual devices

This correspondence calculates the average yield \bar{Y_{N}} for N multiple devices as a function of the average yield ( \bar{Y_{1}} ) of single devices assuming several simple forms of distribution function for slice yields. It shows that the usual calculation \bar{Y_{N}} = ( \bar{Y_{1}})^{N} is too pessmistic by an appreciable factor even when no "within slice" correlation exists. Using an actual distribution of transistor slice yields, the ( \bar{Y_{1}})^{N} calculation is shown to give a yield which is a factor of 5 too low for groups of eight good devices.
Hyperphosphatemia is a combined function of high serum PTH and high dietary protein intake in dialysis patients

Elevated serum phosphorus is associated with higher death risk in hemodialysis patients. Previous studies have suggested that both higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and higher dietary protein intake may contribute to higher serum phosphorus levels. However, it is not well known how these two factors simultaneously contribute to the combined risk of hyperphosphatemia in real patient-care scenarios. We hypothesized that the likelihood of hyperphosphatemia increases across higher serum PTH and higher normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) levels, a surrogate of protein intake. Over an 8-year period (July 2001–June 2009), we identified 69,355 maintenance hemodialysis patients with PTH, nPCR, and phosphorus data in a large dialysis provider. Logistic regression models were examined to assess the association between likelihood of hyperphosphatemia (serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dl) and serum PTH and nPCR increments. Patients were 61±15 years old and included 46% women, 33% blacks, and 57% diabetics. Both higher serum PTH level and higher protein intake were associated with higher risk of hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients. Compared with patients with PTH level 150– 600 pg/ml and nPCR>1.2 g/kg/day had a threefold higher risk of hyperphosphatemia (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.69–3.75). Hyperphosphatemia is associated with both higher dietary protein intake and higher serum PTH level in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Worsening or resistant hyperphosphatemia may be an under-appreciated consequence of secondary hyperparathyroidism independent of dietary phosphorus load. Management of hyperphosphatemia should include diligent correction of hyper-parathyroidism while maintaining adequate intake of high protein foods with low phosphorus content.
Ultrasound-enhanced effects of adriamycin against murine tumors.

Abstract Earlier studies from out and other laboratories have demonstrated that ultrasound (US) enhances the cytotoxicity in vitro of the antitumor agent Adriamycin (Adr) (Harrison et al.1991; Loverock et al. 1990; Saad and Hahn 1987, 1989; Yang et al. 1991; Yumita et al. 1987, 1989). We have now tested the possibility that this additional cytotoxicity can be translated into antitumor activity in vivo . Mice, bearing either a fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) or a melanoma (B-16) on their thighs, were injected with a single dose of Adr (10–20 mg/kg). The tumors were then heated locally to 41°–43°C for 30 min, either by insonation with US or by immersion of the animals' limbs into hot water baths. Antitumor efficacy was scored two ways: by serial measurements of tumor volume to determine the time for the tumor to double in size, or by determining the X-ray dose required to sterilize 50% of the tumors (TCD 50 ) after the Adr-hyperthermia treatment. Both assays gave similar results. Ultrasound-induced hyperthermia was substantially more effective in enhancing Adr activity than was hyperthermia induced by the water bath. The mean-doubling time was 13 days for tumors treated with the combination of Adr and US and 6 days for tumors heated with a water bath immediately after injection of Adr. The TCD 50 was 21.2 ±0.8 Gy for the combination of US and Adr and 36.1 ± 0.9 Gy for the water bath heating and Adr. Because of fears that US might enhance metastatic rates, perhaps by mechanically dislodging cells from tumors, we tested that possibility in the B-16 melanoma system by quantifying formation of lung colonies. No effects of US on frequency of metastatic formation were seen. Our data, therefore, suggest that the combination of Adr and US-induced hyperthermia should be effective in the treatment of those malignancies accessible to ultrasound heating.
Variable field of view fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

For samples showing appreciable fluorescence emission spectra, the effective transmission, neglecting sample reflectance, and for not too strong absorption, is given by Te = T + (1 - T)QFΩE/4π where Te and T are the effective and actual transmission, respectively; QF is the fluorescent quantum efficiency, Ω the solid angle of light collection following the sample, and E is the collection efficiency of the interferometer.
Formation of singularities for wave equations including the nonlinear vibrating string

Under very general assumptions, the authors prove that smooth solutions of quasilinear wave equations with small-amplitude periodic initial data always develop singularities in the second derivatives in finite time. One consequence of these results is the fact that all solutions of the classical nonlinear vibrating string equation satisfying either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions and with sufficiently small nontriviai initial data necessarily develop singularities. In particular, there are no nontrivial smooth small-amplitude time-periodic solutions.
The Pitfalls of Laparoscopic Surgery: Challenges for Robotics and Telerobotic Surgery

After its debut in 1988, laparoscopic cholecystectomy rapidly became the standard of care for cholelithiasis, yet very few surgeons use minimally invasive techniques for other abdominal operations. Why do most surgeons continue to perform traditional open gastrointestinal operations? We believe that the answer to this question lies in the fact that advanced laparoscopic operations are difficult to learn, perform, and master. A number of inherent pitfalls of laparoscopy hinder the performance of these operations even after the surgeon has accumulated years of experience. These pitfalls include an unstable video camera platform, limited motion (degrees of freedom) of straight laparoscopic instruments, two-dimensional imaging, and poor ergonomics for the surgeon. Inexperienced or bored laparoscopic camera-holders move the camera frequently and rotate it away from the horizon. The long, straight laparoscopic instruments are limited in their motion by the fixation enforced by the abdominal wall trocars. Similarly, the standard two-dimensional video imaging used in most laparoscopic operations impedes the surgeon's depth perception, compounding the limitations of laparoscopic instruments. In addition, surgeons are forced to assume ergonomically awkward stances in performing many laparoscopic operations. These four factors hinder a surgeon's efforts to learn and to perform advanced laparoscopic operations, significantly lengthening the learning curve. The articles presented in this issue suggest that robotics and telerobotics offer solutions to these nagging pitfalls of laparoscopic surgery.
Photo-thermo-refractive glass co-doped with Nd3+ as a new laser medium

Abstract Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass demonstrates refractive index change after exposure to UV radiation followed by a thermal treatment that enables recording of high efficiency holographic optical elements. This work demonstrates feasibility of function of this material as a complex optical medium which posseses both photosensitive and luminescent properties and paves a way for creation of monolythic solid state lasers where resonator components can be holographically recorded inside of a laser medium. It was found, that incorporating of Nd3+ ions in PTR glass does not affect photosensitivity required for hologram recording. It was demonstrated that emission wavelength, spectral width, and cross section of Nd3+ luminescence in PTR glass are typical for silicate laser glasses and Nd-doped PTR glass can be considered as a promising laser medium for monolithic solid state lasers.
Distribution of Olfactory and Nonolfactory Surface Area in the Nasal Fossa of Microcebus murinus: Implications for Microcomputed Tomography and Airflow Studies

The nasal fossa of most mammals exemplifies extreme skeletal complexity. Thin scrolls of bone (turbinals) that both elaborate surface area (SA) and subdivide nasal space are used as morphological proxies for olfactory and respiratory physiology. The present study offers additional details on the nasal fossa of the adult mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), previously described by Smith and Rossie (Smith and Rossie [2008]; Anatomical Record 291:895–915). Additional, intervening histological sections of the specimen were used to map and quantify the distribution of olfactory and nonolfactory mucosa on the smaller turbinal of the frontal recess (FR; frontoturbinal) and those that occur between ethmoturbinals (ETs; interturbinals). A second adult Microcebus specimen, available as a dried skull, was scanned using microcomputed tomography (microCT) and reconstructed to infer the position of these turbinals within the nasal airway. Overall, turbinal bones comprise more than half of internal nasal SA. All ETs combined comprise about 30% of total nasal fossa SA, and contribute nearly half of all olfactory SA. Of these, the nasoturbinal (NT) is most completely covered with olfactory mucosa, whereas ET I is least covered with olfactory mucosa. The FR contributes significantly to total olfactory SA (ca. 20%). This recess and the single frontoturbinal within it lie in a more lateral pathway of airflow compared with interturbinals, which lie in more central zone just anterior to the olfactory recess of Microcebus. Variations in the turbinals and recesses that complicate central and paranasal in primates should be investigated further in light of zone-specific distributions of olfactory receptors (ORs) that differ between these regions in rodents. Anat Rec, 2011 © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A survey on work absenteeism in a Swiss factory

All-cause work absenteeism among selected groups of apprentices, skilled and unskilled workers in a Swiss factory producing electrical equipment was recorded during 1955, and later measured and compared.
The Scalar Relativistic Contribution to the Atomization Energies of CF, CF4, and SiF4

The one-electron Douglas Kroll (DK) approach and perturbation theory, accounting for the mass-velocity and Darwin (MVD) terms, are used to compute the scalar relativistic contribution to the atomization energies of CF, CF4, and SiF4. The difference between these two approaches is studied as a function of basis set and level of correlation treatment.
Ocean Pout (Macrozoarces americanus): Nutrient Analysis and Utilization

Ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), an underutilized marine species, was subjected to nutrient analysis, frozen storage stability studies and minced fish flesh evaluation. The nutritional quality of protein was higher than the reference casein, based on the protein efficiency ratio. A 3:1 ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was observed, making the product susceptible to rapid rancidity development. Mineral composition was low in calcium, magnesium and manganese but high in sodium and zinc, in comparison to other species. A decrease in water-holding capacity and an increase in free fatty acid and thaw drip volume of frozen fillets was observed. Mechanically deboned meat was acceptable by sensory evaluation, after 4 wk of frozen storage at –15°C. The effect of washing minced flesh was observed in the semi-fried product.
The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype and folate intake interact to lower global leukocyte DNA methylation in young Mexican American women

Abstract DNA methylation is an epigenetic feature associated with X chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting, transcriptional silencing of genes, and genomic stability. Folate provides a labile source of methyl groups that may be used for cellular methylation reactions, including DNA methylation. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C→T variant is an important determinant of folate nutriture and may influence DNA methylation. This study sought to assess the influence of the MTHFR C677T genotype on global leukocyte DNA methylation in young (age range=18-45 years) Mexican American women (N = 43: CC, n=14; CT, n=12; TT, n=17). Subjects consumed a folate-restricted diet (135 μ g of dietary folate equivalents per day) for 7 weeks followed by folate treatment with 400 or 800 μ g of dietary folate equivalents per day for another 7 weeks. Global leukocyte DNA methylation was assessed via the cytosine extension assay at weeks 0, 7 (after folate restriction), and 14 (after folate treatment). No main effect of MTHFR C677T genotype or folate intake was detected at any time point during the study. However, at the end of folate treatment (week 14), DNA methylation was lower ( P
Maxillary and Mandibular Rehabilitation in the Esthetic Zone Using a Digital Impression Technique and CAD/CAM-fabricated Prostheses: A Multidisciplinary Clinical Report

Interdisciplinary treatment planning is necessary in certain clinical situations to optimize esthetic treatment outcomes. Patients presenting with severe wear of their anterior teeth from iatrogenic influences pose a particularly difficult problem in terms of esthetic treatment planning. Collaboration of practitioners from the disciplines of orthodontics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry is essential for the treatment of patients with complex esthetic dental needs. Careful assessment of clinical situations and corresponding specialty consultations are of utmost importance to achieve more predictable and esthetic treatment outcomes. The purpose of this clinical case is to report to the readership a novel digital fabrication of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing milled acrylic provisional restorations and final lithium disilicate definitive restorations after orthodontic and periodontal therapy with virtual master impressions, casts, and articulation.
Synthetic human adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 15-52 have potent short-lived vasodilator activity in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat

Abstract Responses to synthetic human adrenomedullin, a novel hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheochromccytoma cells, and the carboxy terminal 15-52 amino acid fragment of adrenomedullin (ADM15-52) were investigated in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat under constant flow conditions. Intraarterial injections of the peptides in doses of 0.01–0.3 nmol caused dose-related decreases in hindlimb perfusion pressure. When compared on a nmol basis, adrenomedullin and ADM15-52 were similar to bradykinin in visodilator potency and were approximately 10 fold less potent than acetylcholine. The half-life of the vasodilator response to adrenomedullin and ADM15-52 ranged from 55 to 80 sec and was greater than the half-life of vasodilator responses to bradykinin in doses of 0.01–0.3 nmol and acetylcholine in doses of 0.01–0.3 nmol. The present data demonstrate that synthetic human adrenomedullin and ADM15-52 have potent but relatively short-lasting vasodilator activity in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat. These data suggest that amino acid residues 15-52 of adrenomedullin are important for the expression of vasodilator activity in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat.
Kinetic identification of component X as P430: a primary electron acceptor of Photosystem I.

Abstract Kinetics of dark recoveries of Component X, Center A, and Center B at 20 and 0 °C after a 30-s illumination were studied in membrane fragments from a blue-green alga by using low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with a quick-freeze method. These kinetics were compared with those obtained by spectrophotometry under the same conditions. Contrary to the currently popular view, the result strongly suggests that Component X, rather than Center A or Center B, is P 430.
Trap-limited hydrogen diffusion in a-Si:H.

Hydrogen transport in a-Si:H was investigated by deuterium diffusion experiments where the deuterium source was either a remote atomic deuterium plasma or a deuterated amorphous silicon layer. An enhanced hydrogen diffusion and a considerably lower diffusion activation energy (0.5 eV instead of 1.2--1.5 eV) is observed for diffusion from a plasma. This behavior is attributed to saturation of hydrogen configurations with high binding energy, which act as deep hydrogen traps and control hydrogen transport in diffusion experiments from a deuterated layer, by deuterium atoms injected from the plasma. Diffusion from a plasma is then dominated by hopping through states with low binding energy. A density-of-states distribution is derived for the hydrogen configurations controlling diffusion consisting of (i) a shallow state where hydrogen is weakly bonded and can diffuse with a small activation energy of 0.5 eV and (ii) deep states with binding energy larger than 1.2 eV and a total density of \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{22}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. In glow discharge a-Si:H, hydrogen is bonded to deep states and only a relatively small fraction (20--60 %) of these states are empty.
Biomechanical changes of the wrist flexor and extensor tendons following loss of scaphoid integrity

Loss of integrity of the scaphoid may change the motion center of the entire carpus, and deformities from scaphoid fractures may alter the location of motor tendons of the wrist, thus altering their biomechanics. The goal of this study was to clarify biomechanical changes in these tendons following loss of scaphoid integrity. Excursions and moment arms of the principal flexor and extensor tendons of the wrist were investigated in seven cadaveric upper extremities in intact wrists after simulation of scaphoid waist fracture and after removal of the proximal scaphoid. Excursions of the flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris tendons were measured with rotary potentiometers during wrist flexion-extension and radioulnar deviation. Simultaneously, wrist joint angulation was recorded. Moment arms of the tendons were derived from tendon excursions and joint motion. After scaphoid fracture, the moment arms of the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris tendons increased significantly during wrist flexion-extension, whereas the moment arms of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons decreased significantly. After proximal scaphoid excision, the moment arms of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons again decreased significantly during wrist flexion-extension. The moment arms of the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis brevis tendons increased significantly during radioulnar deviation, whereas those of the wrist motors on the ulnar side decreased. These findings indicate the importance of the integrity of the scaphoid in maintaining normal biomechanics of motor tendons of the wrist. An increase in the moment arm of the radial wrist flexor along with a decrease in moment arms of the radial extensors constitutes as etiology for persistent angulation of the scaphoid and the humpback deformity. In addition, disturbing the biomechanics of the wrist motor tendons predisposes the carpal joints to abnormal loading, potentially contributing to the development of carpal joint degeneration.
Associative memory with uncorrelated inputs

In hybrid learning schemes a layer of unsupervised learning is followed by supervised learning. In this situation a connection between two unsupervised learning algorithms, principal component analysis and decorrelation, and a supervised learning algorithm, associative memory, is shown. When associative memory is preceded by principal component analysis or decorrelation it is possible to take advantage of the lack of correlation among inputs to associative memory to show that correlation matrix memory is a least squares solution to the supervised learning problem.
Testicular Gene Expression Profiling following Prepubertal Rat Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure Suggests a Common Initial Genetic Response at Fetal and Prepubertal Ages

Phthalate chemical plasticizers can damage the fetal and postnatal mammalian testis, but several aspects of the injury mechanism remain unknown. Using a genome-wide microarray, the profile of testicular gene expression changes was examined following exposure of postnatal day 28 rats to a single, high dose (1000 mg/kg) of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). By microarray analysis, approximately 1675 nonredundant genes exhibited significant expression changes; the vast majority were observed at 12 h. Among the 36 genes significantly altered up to the 3-h time point, prominent functional categories were secreted, transcription, and signaling factors. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), the dose-response of 24 genes was determined after a single MEHP exposure of 10, 100, or 1000 mg/kg. Increasing 114-fold by 12 h at 1000 mg/kg, Thbs1 (thrombospondin 1) showed the highest level of gene induction. The vast majority of genes analyzed by qPCR exhibited significant expression alterations at the lowest dose level. Interestingly, a unique, dose-dependent expression pattern was observed for the transcription factor Nr0b1, steroidogenic genes (Cyp17a1 and StAR), and a cholesterol metabolism gene (Dhcr7). For these genes, the direction of expression change at 10 or 100 mg/kg was opposite that observed at 1000 mg/kg. Gene profiling data at 1000 mg/kg MEHP were phenotypically anchored to increased germ cell apoptosis (6 and 12 h) and an interstitial neutrophil infiltrate (12 h). At 10 or 100 mg/kg MEHP, no testicular morphological changes were detected, but a significant increase in germ cell apoptosis was seen at 6 h. Finally, comparison of the prepubertal MEHP microarray data to similar data from fetal dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exposure showed conservation in both the identities of testicular genes altered and the direction of expression changes. For example, 60% of the genes altered within 3 h of prepubertal MEHP exposure also were changed following acute fetal DBP exposure, and the direction of expression change was highly preserved. These data demonstrate that similar genetic targets are altered following fetal and prepubertal phthalate exposure, suggesting that the initial mechanism of fetal and prepubertal phthalate-induced testicular injury is shared.
Phosphorus derivatives of fatty acids. The addition of dialkyl phosphonates to unsaturated acids and the synthesis of some 11‐dialkylphosphonoundecanoamides

A series of dialkylphosphonoundecanoic acids and 9(10)-dialkylphosphonostearic acids was prepared by the addition of dialkylphosphonates to 10-undecenoic acid and oleic acid under free radical conditions in 58–66% yield. The phosphonates used were: dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-butyl, di-n-hexyl and di-2-ethylhexyl. All of the products are colorless, odorless, thermally stable liquids, insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. The dialkylphosphonoundecanoic acids were converted into the corresponding acid chlorides by reaction with oxalyl chloride. The acid chlorides were then converted into the corresponding amides by addition of ammonia. All of the amides are white waxy solids except the 2-ethylhexyl derivative which is a high-boiling liquid. Two of the dialkylphosphonoundecanoic acids were converted into the N-decyl substituted amides by heating withn-decylamine. The N-n-decyl-11-dialkylphosphonoundecanoamides are white waxy solids.
ACTION OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN IN CAUSING PREMATURE OVIPOSITION BY DOMESTIC FOWL

IN A PREVIOUS INVESTIGATION of the effect of pituitrin in causing the premature expulsion of avian eggs, a reaction first described by Riddle (1) in 1921, Burrows and Byerly (2, 3) found that eggs up to 20 hours of prematurity could be obtained from the domestic fowl within a few minutes following injection. In the present study the effects of preparations of relatively purified oxytocin and vasopressin on premature oviposition by the hen have been determined. The results indicate that premature oviposition can be effected by vasopressin alone, but that oxytocin when present in sufficiently high concentrations may also contribute to the reaction. White Leghorn hens in their first year of production and Rhode Island Red hens in their second year of production were used in about equal numbers. The hens were kept in laying batteries, and hourly laying records were maintained regularly from 8:00 AM. to 4:00 P.M.
Sleeping beauty should be imprecise

The traditional solutions to the Sleeping Beauty problem say that Beauty should have either a sharp 1/3 or sharp 1/2 credence that the coin flip was heads when she wakes. But Beauty’s evidence is incomplete so that it doesn’t warrant a precise credence, I claim. Instead, Beauty ought to have a properly imprecise credence when she wakes. In particular, her representor ought to assign \(R(H\!eads)=[0,1/2]\). I show, perhaps surprisingly, that this solution can account for the many of the intuitions that motivate the traditional solutions. I also offer a new objection to Elga’s restricted version of the principle of indifference, which an opponent may try to use to collapse the imprecision.
Simulated magnetopause losses and Van Allen Probe flux dropouts

Three radiation belt flux dropout events seen by the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope soon after launch of the Van Allen Probes in 2012 (Baker et al., 2013a) have been simulated using the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry MHD code coupled to the Rice Convection Model, driven by measured upstream solar wind parameters. MHD results show inward motion of the magnetopause for each event, along with enhanced ULF wave power affecting radial transport. Test particle simulations of electron response on 8 October, prior to the strong flux enhancement on 9 October, provide evidence for loss due to magnetopause shadowing, both in energy and pitch angle dependence. Severe plasmapause erosion occurred during ~ 14 h of strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field Bz beginning 8 October coincident with the inner boundary of outer zone depletion.
The Loss of a Physician's Freedom of Conscience Will Result in the Breakdown of Patient Autonomy within the Doctor-Patient Relationship

AbstractThe development of patient autonomy within health care has created new challenges in the physician-patient relationship. When a patient demands a service that violates the conscience of a physician, it creates conflict within that relationship. This has become particularly problematic when a patient demands abortion or artificial contraception and the physician is morally bound to refuse. This paper argues that the integrity of the physician's conscience must be maintained in order to uphold the integrity of the patient's autonomy. If the physician is forced to violate his conscience, then the guarantee that a patient's desires and wishes will be respected will be lost because a great moral inequality will be created between the physician and the patient. To safeguard both the physician-patient relationship and the patient's autonomy, it is vital that the physician's conscience be protected.
Network Coding-Aware Queue Management for Unicast Flows over Coded Wireless Networks

We are interested in unicast flows over wireless networks with intersession network coding (such as COPE [1]). TCP flows over coded wireless networks do not fully exploit network coding opportunities due to their bursty behavior and to the fact that TCP is agnostic to the underlying network coding. In this paper, we take the following steps. First, we formulate congestion control for unicast flows over coded wireless networks as a network utility maximization problem and we present a distributed solution. Second, by mimicking the structure of the optimal solution, we propose a "network-coding aware" queue management scheme (NCAQM) at intermediate nodes. We make no changes to TCP or MAC protocols. We demonstrate, via simulation, that TCP over NCAQM performs significantly better than TCP over COPE.
Chopping secondary mirror control systems for the W. M. Keck Telescopes

The Keck 1 chopping secondary was built by the Palo Alto Research Laboratories of the Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) Missiles and Space Company. The only software component of the delivered system is a proprietary error correction algorithm; Keck wrote software to generate acceleration-limited azimuth and elevation demands, to rotate these demands as a function of telescope position, to interact with the error correction system, and to mange hardware start-up and shutdown. The Keck 2 chopping secondary, also built by Lockheed, was originally conceived as an infrared fast steering mechanism (IFSM) and is simpler than the Keck 1 system, with lower power and acceleration limits and, therefore, lower chop amplitude and frequency specifications. As far as possible, it provides the same external interfaces as the Keck 1 system. A new EPICS- based telescope control system has been written for Keck 2 and was retrofitted on Keck 1 in March 1997. The Keck 1 chopper control software has been converted to the EPICS environment and, at the same time, altered so that the same software supports both choppers. This conversion has retained as much as possible of the complex real-time code of the old system while at the same time fully utilizing EPICS facilities. The paper presents more details of both the old and the new systems and illustrates how the new system is simpler than the old as well as being much better integrated into the overall telescope control system. Operational experience is presented.
Carcinoma of the gall bladder complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Carcinoma of the gall bladder complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis
DOES PATIENT SELECTION MAKE THE CLOSURE STUDY LESS APPLICABLE

Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with incident cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack remains controversial. Despite registry data suggesting considerable advantage of closure over medical therapy, the CLOSURE trial showed no benefit. This discrepancy is
Crack deflection at an interface between dissimilar elastic materials: Role of residual stresses

Abstract A crack intersecting an interface between two dissimilar materials may advance by either penetrating through the interface or deflecting into the interface. The competition between deflection and penetration can be assessed by comparison of two ratios : (i) the ratio of the energy release rates for interface cracking and crack penetration; and (ii) the ratio of interface to material fracture energies. Residual stresses caused by thermal expansion misfit can influence the energy release rates of both the deflected and penetrating crack. This paper analyses the role of residual stresses. The results reveal that expansion misfit can be profoundly important in systems with planar interfaces (such as layered materials, thin film structures, etc.), but generally can be expected to be of little significance in fiber composites. This paper corrects an earlier result for the ratio of the energy release rate for the doubly deflected crack to that for the penetrating crack in the absence of residual stress.
Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of II-IV-V2 semiconducting compounds: CdGeAs2

Abstract The infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of polycrystalline and amorphous CdGeAs2 were measured at room temperature in the 6000-50 cm−1 region. Shifting of both the absorption edge and the two-phonon absorption to higher wavenumbers at the crystalline-glass transition was discussed on the basis of viewing the amorphous phase as a disturbance of the crystalline structure. The optical constants were calculated from the far-IR reflectance spectra, using Kramers-Kronig analysis. The calculated damping parameters were higher for the amorphous state than for the crystalline state, indicating the lattice disorder of the amorphous state. The results for polycrystalline CdGeAs2 were consistent with those observed earlier with single crystals. The qualitative and quantitative parameters for the bond ionicity were estimated, indicating that the chemical bonds in CdGeAs2 possessed a large covalent component. Band assignments were made for the spectra of CdGeAs2 phases on the basis of related band assignments for CdSiAs2, CdAs2, and GaAs. The wavenumber differences for the compared bands were due mainly to mass differences for related substituted atoms in the compared materials.
Physical modeling of ultrafast electrical waveform generation and characterization

Ultrafast lasers have been used along with an electro-optic sampling technique to generate and characterize electrical waveforms with subpicosecond rise-times. We study these transients by coupling a three dimensional solution of Maxwell's equations in the time domain with a bipolar ensemble Monte- Carlo model. The physical parameters of interest can be accurately calculated and related to the measured data.
Oxidants and iron in chronic kidney disease

Oxidants and iron in chronic kidney disease. Oxidants derived either from leukocytes in proliferative glomerular nephritis or from resident glomerular cells in nonproliferative glomerulonephritis have been shown to have several biologic effects relevant to chronic kidney disease. These include: the ability of oxidants to damage glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and to directly induce proteinuria; effects that would lead to a fall in the glomerular filtration rate; and effects that would account for the morphologic changes observed in chronic kidney disease. In experimental models the role of oxidants has been demonstrated in both proliferative glomerulonephritis (e.g., anti-GBM antibody disease) as well as experimental models of minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy. Oxidants have also been shown to be an important mediator of the various pathways that have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy. Antioxidants and iron chelators have also been shown to retard functional and morphologic changes observed in progressive kidney disease. Taken together, these experimental studies suggest an important role of oxidants in chronic kidney disease.
Reduced Complexity MIMO Detection Scheme Using Statistical Search Space Reduction

The minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detection is advantageous in its low-complexity while suffering from severe performance degradation. The post-processing signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) distribution of MMSE detector, however, shows the potential of high reliability in the high-SINR detected symbols. We propose a low-complexity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection scheme by exploiting the MMSE detector concatenated with the sphere decoder (SD), where the MMSE detected symbols above the SINR thresholds are retained as the final decisions and the remaining lower-SINR symbols are to be detected by the SD. By retaining the high-SINR symbols detected in the MMSE, the search space can be significantly reduced without incurring much extra error rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MMSE-SD detection scheme performs near-optimal performance at much lower computational complexities compared to SD algorithm.