cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-range structural effects in the anomalous voltammetry on ultra-high vacuum prepared Pt (111)

Abstract The cyclic voltammetry of Pt (111) in three different structural states (well-ordered, restructured by electrochemical redox cycling, and restructured by Ar+-sputtering) was studied in aqueous acidic and basic electrolytes using a UHV-electrochemical transfer system. The well-ordered surface gave distinctive voltammograms with anomalous features identical to those first reported by Clavilier using flame-an-nealed (111) surfaces transferred through the air while hot. Electrochemical cycling above the sharp oxidation peak removed the anomalous features and introduced randomly spaced monatomic steps to the surface, as shown by low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Ar+-sputtered surfaces, with a similar randomly stepped structure, yielded on the first cycle the same voltammetry as the redox-cycled surfaces, demonstrating clearly that the loss of the anomalous features upon cycling is due to a disruption of the long-range (> 5 atomic spacings) order of the surface, rather than to a simple irreversible oxidation of adventitious impurities. Cycling in basic electrolytes produced voltammetric and structural changes similar to those seen in acid. Possible origins of the anomalous features are discussed in the light of the collected electrochemical and surface science data. The extreme sensitivity of these systems to disruption of long-range surface order is ascribed to the ability of hydrogen-bonded aqueous networks to transmit structural phase information over greater-than-molecular distances.
Experimental rabies vaccines for humans

Rabies remains a global public health threat that kills more than 55,000 people per year. Rabies disproportionately affects children and, therefore, is ranked the seventh most important infectious disease due to years lost. Prevention of human rabies is accomplished by controlling rabies in domestic and wild animals, including the use of vaccination programs. The usefulness of human rabies vaccines is hampered by high cost, complicated vaccination regimens and lack of compliance, especially in areas of Africa and Asia where human rabies infections are endemic. A single-dose vaccine would greatly benefit efforts to combat this global health threat. However, a single-dose vaccine based on current inactivated vaccines does not appear feasible and other approaches are needed. Technology has advanced since modern human rabies vaccines were developed over 40 years ago. In addition, our understanding of immunological principles that influence the outcome of vaccination has increased. This article describes the c...
The Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, and Nickel Distribution in the Murray Carbonaceous Chondrite*

A discussion is given of preliminary results of an analysis of the Murray carbonaceous chondrite which fell September 30, 1950, 9 miles east of Murray, near Wildcat Creek, Kentucky. The object is a mechanical mixture of minerals formed under different conditions at different localities.
A localized outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in southern Texas

A localized outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in southern Texas involving 9 of 10 exposed persons is reported. Cultural confirmation was obtained from the lung biopsy specimen of one patient, from the sputum of a second patient, and from the soil of a rodent burrow in the exposure area. The ecologic characteristics of the geographic area and their relationship to the occurrence of this epidemic are discussed. The diagnosis and management of a severe but nonfatal case in a child is presented.
Graphite-metal compatibility at elevated temperatures☆

Abstract Numerous metals and alloys were screened for application as a cladding material on graphite to operate in helium at temperatures up to 1010° C. It was found that the heat-resistant nickel-base alloys, the stainless steels, and molybdenum all carburized rapidly above 816° C. In the case of niobium, a reactive metal, the results emphasize the importance of maintaining high purity helium to prevent embrittlement. Of the alloys tested, nickel-copper alloys appeared to be the most promising for use as a hightemperature graphite cladding. Aging data indicated that Monel is more resistant to graphitization than nickel.
The Effect of Al-5Ti-1B and Combination Electromagnetic Field on Grain Evolution of Die Casting Commercial Aluminum

The effect of increasing the amount of added grain refiner and combination electromagnetic filed on grain size and morphology has been investigated by die casting of commercial aluminum. The results show the grain size and the grain morphology both are transited with the increasing of the addition of Al-5Ti-B. The grain size continuously decreased with increasing the addition of grain refiner. Without grain refiner additions, an obvious transition in grain size and morphology is observed with the application of low frequency electromagnetic field (LFES). The efficiency in grain refinement of LFES decreases with increasing the amount of grain refiner. However, even when the addition of grain refiner is 2 wt. % Al-5Ti-B, 63 % grain size reduction still is observed by the affect of LFES. This result shows that the LFES can enhance the efficiency in grain refinement of grain refiner.
Involvement of protein kinase C-CPI-17 in androgen modulation of angiotensin II-renal vasoconstriction

Aims Previous studies suggested that androgens augmented renal vascular responses to angiotensin II (Ang II). The protein kinase C (PKC)-CPI-17 pathway is involved in vascular constriction. We tested the hypothesis that this pathway may contribute to androgenic amplification of Ang II-renal vasoconstriction in the New Zealand genetically hypertensive (NZGH) rat. Methods and results NZGH underwent sham operation, castration, or castration with testosterone replacement at 5 weeks of age. When the rats were 16–17 weeks of age, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) responses to intravenous Ang II infusion (20, 40, and 80 ng/kg/min) were recorded before and after treatment with a PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine. mRNA expression of PKC isoforms and CPI-17 protein expression were analysed in renal cortex. MAP and RVR responses to Ang II were enhanced in androgen-replete NZGH. The Ang II-induced increase in RVR was significantly lower in castrated NZGH (ranged from 100 ± 8% to 161 ± 9% of baseline) than in sham-operated NZGH (ranged between 123 ± 3% and 237 ± 19% of baseline). Testosterone treatment restored RVR responses to Ang II in castrated rats. Chelerythrine treatment markedly reduced the MAP and RVR responses to Ang II in each group and attenuated the differential MAP and RVR responses to Ang II amongst the three groups. PKCδ and PKCe mRNA levels were significantly reduced by castration and increased by testosterone treatment. In contrast, no significant differences in protein expression were detected for these PKC isoforms. Castration decreased while testosterone treatment increased CPI-17 and phospho-CPI-17 expression. Conclusion Collectively, these results suggest that androgens modulate renal vascular responses to Ang II in part via an effect on the PKC-CPI-17 signalling pathway.
Isolation and culture of protoplasts of Ulmus x ‘Homestead’

Abstract Protoplasts were isolated enzymatically from friable callus cultures of Ulmus x ‘Homestead’. Protoplasts plated in a liquid KM medium containing 0.38 M glucose, 0.7 mM sucrose, 1.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1.0 μM naphthaleneacetic acid, and 0.5 μM zeatin underwent cell division as early as 11 days and formed multicellular colonies by 20 days after isolation. Plating efficiency was dependent upon the initial plating density with the optimal plating density being 0.5 × 10 5 protoplasts per ml.
Atomistic Simulations of Corrosion Inhibitors Adsorbed on Calcite Surfaces I. Force field Parameters for Calcite

We report a new force field for calcite suitable to study scale formation and squeeze treatments for oil field applications. The force field reproduces the cell parameters, density, and the compressibility of the calcite crystal as well as the enthalpy of immersion of various solvents. Surface energetics for the various surfaces of interest are predicted.
Second-order accurate particle image velocimetry

An adaptive, second-order accurate particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is presented. The technique uses two singly exposed images that are interrogated using a modified cross-correlation algorithm. Consequently, any of the equipment commonly available for conventional PIV (such as dual head Nd: YAG lasers, interline transfer CCD cameras, etc.) can be used with this more accurate algorithm. At the heart of the algorithm is a central difference approximation to the flow velocity (accurate to order Δt 2) versus the forward difference approximation (accurate to order Δt) common in PIV. An adaptive interrogation region-shifting algorithm is used to implement the central difference approximation. Adaptive shifting algorithms have been gaining popularity in recent years because they allow the spatial resolution of the PIV technique to be maximized. Adaptive shifting algorithms also have the virtue of helping to eliminate velocity bias errors. The second- order accuracy resulting from the central difference approximation can be obtained with relatively little additional computational effort compared to that required for a standard first-order accurate forward difference approximation. The adaptive central difference interrogation (CDI) algorithm has two main advantages over adaptive forward difference interrogation (FDI) algorithms: it is more accurate, especially at large time delays between camera exposures; and it provides a temporally symmetric view of the flow. By comparing measurements of flow around a single red blood cell made using both algorithms, the CDI technique is shown to perform better than conventional FDI-PIV interrogation algorithms near flow boundaries. Cylindrical Taylor–Couette flow images, both experimental and simulated, are used to demonstrate that the CDI algorithm is significantly more accurate than conventional PIV algorithms, especially as the time delay between exposures is increased. The results of the interrogations are shown to agree quite well with analytical predictions and confirm that the CDI algorithm is indeed second-order accurate while the conventional FDI algorithm is only first-order accurate.
A Lattice Model for Stress Wave Propagation in Composite Materials

Geometric dispersion, observed in a wide variety of composite materials, is believed to result mainly from the relatively periodic arrangement of the reinforcing elements in the matrix rather than from the precise shape of each reinforcing element. On the basis of this observation, a lattice model for composite materials which ignores the shape of the reinforcing elements but preserves their periodicity has been developed. For a wide range of engineering applications, this model can be used to predict the behavior of actual engineering composites. In the application of the lattice model to a specific material, consideration of the dispersive characteristics of the composite are set aside, initially, and the composite is treated as a nondispersive homogeneous mixture. The effective or average properties of the mixture are determined either by steady-wave analysis or appropriate experiments. A lattice is then formed by redistributing the mass within the mixture to form a periodic structure of laminated plates. This mass redistribution is carried out in a manner which yields a lattice with theoretical dispersive characteristics that match the measured dispersive characteristics of the composite. The model was applied to composites consisting of a regular array of tungsten fibers in an aluminum matrix and composed of 2.2 and 22.1 percent by volume of tungsten. Two flyer-plate experiments were performed in the plastic range of the composite. The agreement between experiment and calculation for the arrival time and rise time of the wave front and for the frequency of the ringing behind the wave front is good.
AP endonuclease 1 coordinates flap endonuclease 1 and DNA ligase I activity in long patch base excision repair.

Base loss is common in cellular DNA, resulting from spontaneous degradation and enzymatic removal of damaged bases. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases recognize and cleave abasic (AP) sites during base excision repair (BER). APE1 (REF1, HAP1) is the predominant AP endonuclease in mammalian cells. Here we analyzed the influences of APE1 on the human BER pathway. Specifically, APE1 enhanced the enzymatic activity of both flap endonuclease1 (FEN1) and DNA ligase I. FEN1 was stimulated on all tested substrates, regardless of flap length. Interestingly, we have found that APE1 can also inhibit the activities of both enzymes on substrates with a tetrahydrofuran (THF) residue on the 5′-downstream primer of a nick, simulating a reduced abasic site. However once the THF residue was displaced at least a single nucleotide, stimulation of FEN1 activity by APE1 resumes. Stimulation of DNA ligase I required the traditional nicked substrate. Furthermore, APE1 was able to enhance overall product formation in reconstitution of BER steps involving FEN1 cleavage followed by ligation. Overall, APE1 both stimulated downstream components of BER and prevented a futile cleavage and ligation cycle, indicating a far-reaching role in BER.
Three-dimensional structure of human basic fibroblast growth factor, a structural homolog of interleukin 1 beta.

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of the 146-residue form of human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), expressed as a recombinant protein in yeast, has been determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 1.8 A. bFGF is composed entirely of beta-sheet structure, comprising a three-fold repeat of a four-stranded antiparallel beta-meander. The topology of bFGF is identical to that of interleukin 1 beta, showing that although the two proteins share only 10% sequence identity, bFGF, interleukin 1, and their homologs comprise a family of structurally related mitogenic factors. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure in light of functional studies of bFGF suggests that the receptor binding site and the positively charged heparin binding site correspond to adjacent but separate loci on the beta-barrel.
Recurrent chromosomal defects are found in most patients with non-Hodgkin's-lymphoma.

Abstract Using methotrexate cell synchronization, we successfully analyzed chromosomal preparations of 40 lymph node biopsies and one bone marrow sample from 44 patients with non-Hodgkin's, non-Burkitt's lymphoma. All of the 41 patients successfully analyzed showed clonal chromosomal abnormalities. In 25 of the 41 (61%), the defects were found to be consistent with (A) a deletion 6q in five of seven patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma, (B) a t(11;14), a del 11q, or a +12 in seven of nine patients with small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, and (C) a t(14;18) in 12 of 15 patients with follicular lymphoma (small cleaved and mixed small and large cleaved) and in a single case of diffuse large cell lymphoma. In three patients with small cell lymphocytic lymphoma whose biopsies exhibited a t(11;14), lymphocytes were cultured and chromosomes examined for the presence of fragile sites. In two, frequent breaks at band 11q13.3 were observed. Such findings suggest a possible relationship between a fragile site and a predisposition to a specific chromosomal rearrangement in human neoplasia.
Investigation of Transient Molecular Absorption in a Graphite Furnace by Laser-Induced Plasmas

The transient molecular species that are produced in electrothermal atomizers are probed by backlighting the furnace with continuum emission from laser-induced plasmas. Laser plasmas provide a stable and strong continuum spectrum in the UV region for molecular absorption studies. These plasma sources exhibit a substantial improvement in UV absorption measurement over the more conventional sources, permitting good time resolution. The molecular absorption spectrum from 190 to 320 nm for NaI, NaCl, and KH2PO4 are illustrated. The temporal and spectral resolution of this instrument are 100 ms and 0.2 nm, respectively.
The lasting effect of competitive elections on congressional approval: Evidence from the 2010 and 2011 Cooperative Congressional Election Study

• In Brunell's recent work, he argues that competitive elections negatively affect congressional approval.
Speculations on the Viral Etiology of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Kaposi's Sarcoma

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) appeared in the United States in late 1978 and has spread at an epidemic rate through the four major coastal cities of this country. The disease appears to show the same epidemiologic distribution as hepatitis B virus infection, and for this reason, most investigators feel that this new disease is caused by a blood-borne sexually transmitted virus. A number of viral agents have been suggested as the cause of AIDS, but to date, no virus has been consistently isolated. The most likely candidate is a retrovirus that has recently been introduced into the human population and has found its way into two extremely high-risk groups, namely, promiscuous male homosexuals and intravenous drug abusers. The relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma and cytomegalovirus is still unclear, but evidence is mounting that cytomegalovirus may be the agent that initiates this multifocal malignancy. Multiple factors must be involved in this process. It is known that some immunosuppressed individuals develop Kaposi's sarcoma, which completely resolves when the immunosuppression is reversed; however, in individuals with classical Kaposi's sarcoma, the profound degree of helper T-cell depression that characterizes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome is not seen.
How do viruses interact with stress-associated RNA granules?

The author has declared that no competing interests exist. This work was supported by NIH grant AI50237. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Parametric analysis for thermal characterization of leakage flow in data centers

A model for a basic hot aisle/cold aisle data center configuration was built and analyzed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FloTHERM. The CFD study was motivated by experimental data that sho wed air recirculatio n from the hot aisle to the cold aisle through the gap between the floor and the bottom of the server cabinet. This flow can be attributed to lower values of the local pressure at the front of the cabinet due to the air stream from the raised-floor perforated tiles. Here this “leakage” flow is modeled to gain better understanding of the characteristics of the undesirable hot fluid recirculation. The parameters and conditions varied in the numerical investigation include: tile perforation area, CRAC provisioning, pressure gradient of the leakage air stream and the effect of cold aisle containment. The impact of the leakage flow on the cooling air supplied to the servers is discussed. The results indicate that the cooling effectiveness in data centers can be reduced due to even a small amount of under-cabinet leakage, although better cooling performance is obtained using a contained cold aisle. The leakage effect is found to be sensitive to under-provisioned conditions. The results of the numerical study can be used to better optimize the cooling performance for contained or uncontained cold aisles when there is under cabinet leakage flow that influences the server inlet air temperature.
The assay of ragweed pollen extracts

Abstract As suggested by Cooke and his co-workers, 1 the relative activity of ragweed pollen extracts may be measured by the determination of the minimal concentration of extract which is necessary to neutralize a serum containing the homologous reagin. It is essential to carry out the comparative assays simultaneously, in the same recipient and with the same serum. The details of the technique, the various factors which affect the assay, the degree of accuracy which may be expected, and the limitations of the method are discussed in the text.
HIV-Related Behaviors in Transitional Correctional Settings

Although investigators have studied HIV-related behavior and attitudes in prisons, little is known about HIV/AIDS phenomena in work release or other alternative forms of incarceration. This study examined the sexual- and drug-risk behavior of 270 male drug users in three work-release facilities located in New York City, comparing their self-reported risk profiles to findings from studies of related high-risk samples in other settings. The respondents reported lower rates of current drug use (heroin, crack cocaine, and alcohol), injection drug use, sexual risk taking, and sexually transmitted diseases than did these comparison groups, and the respondents reported comparable rates of condom use. The rates of most HIV-related risk behaviors in this sample were substantially lower than those reported in other studies of comparison populations. Explanations for these unexpectedly low rates of self-reported risk behavior are offered, and ways in which to overcome practical and methodological challenges that ari...
Sediment yield and runoff frequency of small drainage basins in the Mojave Desert, U.S.A.

Sediment yield from small arid basins, particularly in the Mojave Desert, is largely unknown owing to the ephemeral nature of these fluvial systems and long recurrence interval of flow events. We examined 27 reservoirs in the northern and eastern Mojave Desert that trapped sediment from small (b 1k m 2 ) drainage basins on alluvial fans over the past 100 yr, calculated annual sediment yield, and estimated the average recurrence interval (RI) of sediment-depositing flow events. These reservoirs formed where railbeds crossed and blocked channels, causing sediment to be trapped and stored upslope. Deposits are temporally constrained by the date of railway construction (1906–1910), the presence of 137 Cs in the reservoir profile (post1952 sediment), and either 1993, when some basins breached during regional flooding, or 2000–2001, when stratigraphic analyses were performed. Reservoir deposits are well stratified at most sites and have distinct fining-upward couplets indicative of discrete episodes of sediment-bearing runoff. Average RI of runoff events for these basins ranges from 2.6 to 7.3 yr and reflects the incidence of either intense or prolonged rainfall; more than half the runoff events occurred before 1963. A period of above-normal precipitation, from 1905 to 1941, may have increased runoff frequency in these basins. Mean sediment yield (9 to 48 tons km � 2 yr � 1 ) is an order of magnitude smaller than sediment yields calculated elsewhere and may be limited by reduced storm intensity, the presence of desert pavement, and shallow gradient of fan surfaces. Sediment yield decreases as drainage area increases, a trend typical of much larger drainage basins where sediment-transport processes constrain sediment yield. Coarse substrate and low-angle slopes of these alluvial fan surfaces likely limit sediment transport capacity through transmission losses and channel storage. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
IC power delivery: Voltage regulation and conversion, system-level cooptimization and technology implications

Modern IC power delivery systems encompass large on-chip passive power grids and active on-chip or off-chip voltage converters and regulators. While there exists little work targeting on holistic design of such complex IC subsystems, the optimal system-level design of power delivery is critical for achieving power integrity and power efficiency. In this article, we conduct a systematic design analysis on power delivery networks that incorporate Buck Converters (BCs) and on-chip Low-Dropout voltage regulators (LDOs) for the entire chip power supply. The electrical interactions between active voltage converters, regulators as well as passive power grids and their influence on key system design specifications are analyzed comprehensively. With the derived design insights, the system-level codesign of a complete power delivery network is facilitated by a proposed automatic optimization flow in which key design parameters of buck converters and on-chip LDOs as well as on-chip decoupling capacitance are jointly optimized. The experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements resulted from the proposed system cooptimization in terms of achievable area overhead, supply noise and power efficiency. Impacts of different decoupling capacitance technologies are also investigated.
Privacy Concerns Associated with Smartphone Use

A wide range of personal and consumer information may be collected from smartphone users in utilizing their mobile devices for personal and business purposes. The purpose of this article is to examine smartphone users’ privacy concerns associated with the ways in which their privacy may be violated, including applications, mobile malware, location or movements, information collection by smartphone service providers, and loss or theft of a smartphone. Researchers then examine the United States Federal Trade Commission's ongoing efforts to enforce vendor representations with respect to privacy and develop recommendations for the best practices to improve mobile privacy disclosures. They conclude by offering directions for future research. The jurisdictional scope of this article is limited to the United States.
A survey of theoretical models for primary metallic solutions

Abstract Although there exists no general theory of alloy formation at present, a few models of solutions have been developed which may be able to offer some guidance to the experimentalist in choosing systems on which to work, in deciding which quantities it is most fruitful to measure, and in understanding his data. Of the statistical models, the successes and failures of the quasi-chemical theory are discussed; the conformal solution of L onguet -H iggins and the cell model of P rigogine are reviewed and their applicability to metallic solutions is considered. Models which endeavour to shed light on the fundamental aspects of solvent-solute interaction in metals are next discussed. These include the work of V arley and F riedel . Relevant experimental information from thermo-dynamics, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., is brought forward to display the strengths and weaknesses of these models. The atom-size effect is discussed, particularly in relation to the alkali metal binaries, and the elasticity theory type of calculation is found to be unfruitful. The existing theoretical models are able to give the experimentalist some, but very little, qualitative guidance.
The effects of acute and chronic morphine administration on GABA receptor binding

Abstract The effect of acut and chronic morphine administration and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal on the binding of [ 3 H] GABA to its receptor sites in rat brain membranes was investigated. Acut morphine (25 mg/kg) administration produced a decrease in the GABA binding in cerebellum, cortex and striatum. This decrease appears to be due to a selectivel decrease in the number of high-affinity GABA receptor binding sites. In contrast, rats chronically treated with morphine by pellet implantation did not exhibit any changes in GABA receptor binding, except for an increase in pons medulla. However, in rats which were physically dependent, as indicated by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, GABA binding was decreased significantly in cerebellum and stritum, relative to chronic morphine treatment or placebo pellet controls. This decrease was due to a decrease in the number of low affinity GABA receptor binding sites. Both chronic morphine and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal treatments produced an increase in GABA binding in the pond medulla. These results suggest that morphine may produce some of its effects by modulating GABAergic systems and that high and low affinity GABA receptor sites may paly a differential role during various morphine treatments.
Neural architectures for adaptive behavior

How do animals use the same peripheral structures to generate different behavioral responses? Three different neuronal architectures have been proposed to mediate this task: dedicated circuitry; distributed circuitry; and reorganizing circuitry. This review will critically examine the evidence for these different architectures in invertebrate circuits, and then examine the evidence for them in more complex vertebrate circuits. The evidence suggests that these different architectures are unlikely to be found in pure form in most neural circuits, but are useful for guiding the experimental analysis of circuitry.
DD fusion in crystals

The article discusses the mechanism of DD → 4He fusion and so-called nonradiative thermalization of the reaction in crystals. The dynamics of this process is considered. The assumption that the decay time of the compound nucleus depends on its excitation energy makes experiments in crystals compatible with the acceleration data.We consider the processes in the crystals that increase the intensity ofDD fusion in comparison to the amorphous media, and the yield of the reaction is estimated.
Inferred call path profiling

Prior work has found call path profiles to be useful for optimizers and programmer-productivity tools. Unfortunately, previous approaches for collecting path profiles are expensive: they need to either execute additional instructions (to track calls and returns) or they need to walk the stack. The state-of-the-art techniques for call path profiling slow down the program by 7% (for C programs) and 20% (for Java programs). This paper describes an innovative technique that collects minimal information from the running program and later (offline) infers the full call paths from this information.The key insight behind our approach is that readily available information during program execution - the height of the call stack and the identity of the current executing function - are good indicators of calling context. We call this pair a context identifier. Because more than one call path may have the same context identifier, we show how to disambiguate context identifiers by changing the sizes of function activation records. This disambiguation has no overhead in terms of executed instructions.We evaluate our approach on the SPEC CPU 2006 C++ and C benchmarks. We show that collecting context identifiers slows down programs by 0.17% (geometric mean). We can map these context identifiers to the correct unique call path 80% of the time for C++ programs and 95% of the time for C programs.
Residues of five pesticides in field‐treated alfalfa seeds and alfalfa sprouts

Abstract Residues of five different pesticides applied to alfalfa seed crops were determined in the harvested seeds and in sprouts grown from these seeds. Although seeds are usually used for future production of alfalfa plants, some of these seeds may be sprouted for human food consumption. The pesticides studied — aldicarb (Temik®), chlorothalonil (Bravo®), chlorpyrifos (Lorsban®), methamidophos (Monitor®) and propargite (Comite®) — were applied at a normal usage rate and at two to three times that rate. Residues on the seeds and sprouts, if any, were insignificant at rates of application.
Abstract 4504: PF-04449913, a small molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling, is effective in inhibiting tumor growth in preclinical models

Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in several human cancers. Mutations in the Patched (PTCH1) gene are responsible for basal cell nevus syndrome, and are commonly found in sporadic basal cell carcinoma and in medulloblastoma. In this study we evaluated PF-04449913, an inhibitor of the Hh signaling pathway, in a Ptch1+/-p53 mouse model of medulloblastoma and in human patient derived xenograft models. Treatment of Ptch1+/-p53+/- or Ptch1+/-p53-/- medulloblastoma allografts with PF-04449913 produced potent dose-dependent inhibition of Hh pathway activity resulting in stable tumor regression. Using Gli1 transcript levels as a surrogate for Hh pathway activity, the pharmacodynamic effects of PF-04449913 were evaluated in medulloblastoma allografts following single dose and multi dose administrations of compound. PF-04449913 treated medulloblastoma allografts had reduced levels of Gli1 gene expression and down regulation of genes linked to the Hh signaling pathway. PF-04449913 was also effective when combined with a chemotherapeutic agent in a colon patient derived xenograft model and a pancreatic patient derived xenograft model, resulting in 63% and 73% tumor growth inhibition respectively. Collectively, our study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of Hh pathway in preclinical models of multiple cancer types in either single or combination treatments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4504. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4504
The nature of storage deficits and state-dependent retrieval under marihuana

To explore the nature of the storage deficit produced by marihuana intoxication and to determine if retrieval is state dependent for this drug, 48 subjects were presented 10–20-word lists before receiving an oral dose of marihuana and another 10 lists following drug administration. Subjects studied half of each set of 10 pre-drug and 10 post-drug lists using an overt fixed-rehearsal procedure and half using their normal covert free-rehearsal procedure. On Day 1 of the experiment an immediate-recall test followed each of the 20 lists presented. The marihuana-induced deficit in immediate-recall performance on Day 1 for free-rehearsal lists was not eliminated when the fixed-rehearsal procedure was used. Thus, marihuana intoxication impaired the storage of information even when overt rehearsal in the drug and no-drug states was equated. Three days later (Day 4) subjects returned, half receiving marihuana (Drug Group) and half receiving placebo (Placebo Group). All subjects were then administered delayed recall, recognition, and order tests on the words presented on Day 1. Delayed recall performance was asymmetrically state dependent, whereas delayed recognition performance was not state dependent.
The microfibrillar components of porcine lung elastic fiber.

Abstract Lung elastic fiber was isolated from anatomically defined porcine parenchymal tissue. Constituent microfibrillar acidic structural glycoproteins (external and meso) were obtained by mild dissociative quantitative procedures, leaving the elastin-rich fraction as the insoluble residue. The presumptive cross-link lysylnorleucine was identified in both of the highly aggregated acidic structural glycoprotein fractions. The external-acidic structural glycoproteins require dithiothreitol but not sodium dodecyl sulfate for solubility. Both sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol at 55°C are required to release meso-acidic structural glycoproteins from the elastic fiber. On the basis of physical characteristics, I propose a new fraction from elastic fiber, the meso-acidic structural glycoprotein. The meso-acidic structural glycoproteins may have been in longest and closest contact with the elastin core of the elastic fiber. Alkali-soluble peptides from the elastin-rich fraction contained desmosine and high concentrations of hydroxyproline, polar amino acids and lysylnorleucine. The cross-link, lysylnorleucine, may be evidence of covalent bonding of glycoprotein to elastin, explaining my inability to obtain the biopolymer elastin with the composition of tropoelastin corrected for the desmosine-lysine content.
Grief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Bereavement and loss have significant impact on the lives of individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Although there is a growing impetus to define the symptoms of grief that predict long-term functional impairment, little is known about maladaptive grieving among individuals with ID. We examine the literature concerning the phenomenology of traumatic grief (TG) in the general population, along with what is known about the manifestations of grief in individuals with ID. We then apply modern theories of grief and grief resolution to individuals with ID in order to highlight potential areas of vulnerability in this population and to lay the groundwork for interventions that will facilitate their adaptation to loss. We provide a theoretical framework for the proposition that individuals (including children and adults) with ID are more susceptible to TG, based on an increased risk of secondary loss, barriers to communicating about the loss, and difficulty finding meaning in the loss. We conclude that individuals with ID should be considered as potential candidates for targeted bereavement interventions. Further research is required, however, in order to develop population-appropriate measurement scales for testing these hypotheses.
Quantum imaging and selection rules in triangular quantum corrals

We study quantum imaging in a triangular quantum corral that is embedded in a superconducting host system with s-wave symmetry. We show that the corral acts as a quantum copying machine by creating multiple images of a quantum candle. We obtain new selection rules for the formation of quantum images that arise from the interplay of the corral's geometry and the location of quantum candles. In more complex corral structures, we show that quantum images can be projected "around the corner".
Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood associated with transient neurologic deficit: report of a case and review of the literature.

Objective: Patients with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) may also have a transient neurologic disorder. We present a case history and propose a mechanism for this syndrome. Patient and Methodology: We describe a 20-month-old girl with TEC and transient hemiparesis. Records from the period January 1993 through December 1994 were reviewed to identify other patients with TEC and to determine whether neurologic deficits were noted in these cases. Results: Of seven patients diagnosed with TEC over a 2-year period, only one had a neurologic deficit. This child’s hemiparesis resolved within 24 h after the appearance of her symptoms. Her TEC resolved within 4 weeks, without long-term sequelae. Our experience and review of the literature suggest that focal neurologic deficits in TEC patients are uncommon, transient, lack long-term sequelae, and usually resolve prior to hematologic recovery. Conclusions: Previous reports suggested that the anaemia resulting from TEC might induce neurologic deficits. We suggest an alternative mechanism in which viral infection triggers a host immune response that independently leads to both TEC and neurologic abnormalities. Future studies should address the role of viral infection in TEC patients with focal neuropathies.
CFRSL rain measurement facility, Part I: Radiometer and rain gauges

The Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory has developed a rain measurement facility to study atmospheric microwave noise emission during heavy rain events. This paper (part-1 of 2) describes the design and primarily results obtained from a 6.8 GHz microwave radiometer, rain rate, and rain drop size sensors. This instrument suite can be used to determine rain absorption coefficient during high rain rate events, tropical storms, and occasional hurricane that occur in Central Florida. Results from this facility will advance the development of an empirical model to predict atmospheric propagation loss during heavy rain (> 50 mm/hr). Preliminary results show measurements obtained from the radiometer and rain gauges are correlated, where a maximum rate of approximately 82 mm/hr is observed.
Using Perspective to Model Complex Processes

The notion of perspective, when supported in an object-based knowledge representation, can facilitate better abstractions of reality for modeling and simulation. The object modeling of complex physical and chemical processes is made more difficult in part due to the poor abstractions of state and phase changes available in these models. The notion of perspective can be used to create different views to represent the different states of matter in a process. These techniques can lead to a more understandable model. Additionally, the ability to record the progress of a process from start to finish is problematic. It is desirable to have a historic record of the entire process, not just the end result of the process. A historic record should facilitate backtracking and re-start of a process at different points in time. The same representation structures and techniques can be used to create a sequence of process markers to represent a historic record. By using perspective, the sequence of markers can have multiple and varying views tailored for a particular user's context of interest.
Early College Awareness as an Enrollment Management Strategy

Oklahoma City Community College is committed to student success and community and economic development. The Oklahoma City Public School District (OCPS), the largest school district in the college's...
Data structures and algorithms for nearest neighbor search in general metric spaces

We consider the computational problem of finding nearest neighbors in general metric spaces. Of particular interest are spaces that may not be conveniently embedded or approximated in Euclidian space, or where the dimensionality of a Euclidian representation 1s very high. Also relevant are high-dimensional Euclidian settings in which the distribution of data is in some sense of lower dimension and embedded in the space. The up-tree (vantage point tree) is introduced in several forms, together‘ with &&ciated algorithms, as an improved method for these difficult search nroblems. Tree construcI tion executes in O(nlog(n i ) time, and search is under certain circumstances and in the imit, O(log(n)) expected time. The theoretical basis for this approach is developed and the results of several experiments are reported. In Euclidian cases, kd-tree performance is compared.
THE FREE ENERGY OF NITROGEN FIXATION BY LIVING FORMS

Fixation of nitrogen even with liberation of energy or free energy, will take place if either oxygen gas or hydrogen gas, or other substances, especially gases, whose standard free energies are close to zero, are involved to form either nitrates, ammonia, or cyanide, not to speak of still other compounds. It has been pointed out that there are two and only two general conditions where nitrogen fixation can require energy. These are, first, if nitrogen reacts with some compound like water with an already high negative free energy of formation and where negligible oxidation of nitrogen would occur; second, if the plant does not take advantage of working at concentrations where the process would yield free energy. If nitrogen fixation is exothermic and free energy-yielding, how is the carbohydrate requirement of nitrogen-fixing organisms to be interpreted? Are the experimental determinations of the carbon to nitrogen ratio purely circumstantial? Is further hope given to those who may experimentally try to narrow this ratio to where the carbon used is only for the carbon requirements of general metabolism, exclusive of fixation? Do not hypotheses concerning the fixation of nitrogen in the evolutionary process, which are based on the conception that energy is required, lose some of their significance? Does it not suggest that perhaps fixation is far more universal than is supposed among living forms, particularly among the higher green plants, and thereby give encouragement to those who may wish to demonstrate this experimentally? Does it not indicate that perhaps the function of fixation is often to obtain energy for use in general metabolism? Is the general carbohydrate metabolism of the fixation forms to be regarded as being merely extremely inefficient? Or most suggestive of all, is the carbohydrate serving some unobserved function?
Analyzing corruption possibilities in the gaze of the media

In this paper I analyze the economic incentives that govern the strategic relationship between the government and the independent media using a consistent analytical framework. The analysis focuses on the extent to which the ‘free’ press can act as a deterrent to corruption in governance. I find that although ‘press freedom’ is indeed important as stressed in the existing literature, both mutually profitable cover-up arrangements as well as the government’s ability to ‘manage’ the media’s allegations tend to have a substantial negative impact on the media’s role as an effective watchdog. Also, more competition in the media sector need not necessarily translate into increased deterrence from corruption.
TOA localization in the presence of random sensor position errors

Estimating the location of a signal source based on TOA measurements is an important problem in many applications. In the presence of sensor position errors, the accuracy of a source location estimate could be degraded significantly. This paper first derives the CRLB of the source location when sensor position errors are present. It continues to develop the theoretical increase in the mean-square error of a source location estimate when the sensor position errors are ignored. A closed-form solution of the source location that accounts for the sensor position uncertainties is then proposed. Simulations are performed to validate the CRLB performance of the proposed solution when the noise level is small.
Postbuckling behavior of longitudinally compressed orthotropic plates with three-dimensional flexibility

Postbuckling results for the average longitudinal compressive stress vs applied displacement are obtained for aluminum (isotropic), aluminum/epoxy (quasi-isotropic), and 45-deg graphite/epoxy (orthotropic) plates using classical (Kirchhoff) and conventional transverse shearing theories. An analysis of the results obtained shows that, in the postbuckling range, the classical theory cannot provide reasonably accurate results even for thin plates.
Preschoolers at play: Co-socialisers of emotional and social competence.

Emotional competence is a contributor to young children's social success. This study focused on these contributions from a relational perspective. The emotional expressions, and reactions to others' emotional expressions, of 145 predominately Caucasian/middle income 3- and 4-year-olds were observed in their classrooms during unstructured play. Participants' and playmates' emotions and emotional responsiveness were classified into positive and negative playgroup types. Participants' social competence was measured using peers, teachers, and parents as informants. Results indicate that preschoolers in playgroups characterised by anger and negative emotional responsiveness are evaluated as lacking in social competence up to a year later. Additionally, security of attachment and externalising temperament predicted membership in such playgroups. These effects held true more often for boys.
On evaluating request-distribution schemes for saving energy in server clusters

Power-performance optimization is a relatively new problem area particularly in the context of server clusters. Power-aware request distribution is a method of scheduling service requests among servers in a cluster so that energy consumption is minimized, while maintaining a particular level of performance. Energy efficiency is obtained by powering-down some servers when the desired quality of service can be met with fewer servers. We have found that it is critical to take into account the system and workload factors during both the design and the evaluation of such request distribution schemes. We identify the key system and workload factors that impact such policies and their effectiveness in saving energy. We measure a web cluster running an industry-standard commercial web workload to demonstrate that understanding this system-workload context is critical to performing valid evaluations and even for improving the energy-saving schemes.