cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural signatures of the unjamming transition at zero temperature

We study the pair correlation function $g(r)$ for zero-temperature, disordered, soft-sphere packings just above the onset of jamming. We find distinct signatures of the transition in both the first and split second peaks of this function. As the transition is approached from the jammed side (at higher packing fraction) the first peak diverges and narrows on the small-$r$ side to a $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function. On the high-$r$ side of this peak, $g(r)$ decays as a power law. In the split second peak, the two subpeaks are both singular at the transition, with power-law behavior on their low-$r$ sides and step-function drop-offs on their high-$r$ sides. These singularities at the transition are reminiscent of empirical criteria that have previously been used to distinguish glassy structures from liquid ones.
Studies of the Movement of Coastal Sea Ice Near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, U.S.A.

During March-May 1976, a combination of laser and radar ranging systems was used to study the motion of both the fast ice and the pack ice near Narwhal and Cross Islands, two barrier islands located 16 and 21 km offshore in the vicinity of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Laser measurements of targets on the fast ice near Narwhal Island indicate small net displacements of approximately 1 m over the period of study (71 d) with short-term displacements of up to 40 cm occurring over 3 d periods. The main motion was outward normal to the coast and was believed to be the result of thermal expansion of the ice. The radar records of fast-ice sites farther offshore show a systematic increase in the standard deviation of the displacements as measured parallel to the coast, reaching a value of ±6.6 m at 31 km. The farthest fast-ice sites show short-term displacements of up to 12 m. There are also trends in the records that are believed to be the result of the general warming of the fast ice with time.Radar targets located on the pack ice showed large short-term displacements (up to 2.7 km) but negligible net ice drift along the coast. There was no significant correlation between the movement of the pack and the local wind, suggesting that coastal ice prediction models can only succeed if handled as part of a regional model which incorporates stress transfer through the pack. The apparent fast-ice-pack-ice boundary in the study area was located in 30-35 m of water.
Nucleon scattering analysis from90,92,594Zr and isospin decomposition of transition matrix elements for low-lying collective transitions

Simultaneous analysis of neutron and proton inelastic scattering to low-lying collective states in90, 92, 94Zr are used to derive an isospin decomposition of the corresponding transition matrix elements. The deduced (Mn/Mp) ratios for the strongest transitions are in sharp disagreement with values derived from Coulomb-nuclear interference observed in 35.4 MeV inelastic α-scattering from even Zr isotopes.
Effects of Flow Rate on the Environment in a Microbioreactor for Bone Cells

The goal of the present paper is to report on the biophysicochemical transport processes involved in microbioreactors designed for bone cell studies. The purpose of this effort is to guide our biological testing for cell viability, growth, and morphology markers. We present a microbioreactor design that has been optimized to ensure that the flow is uniform in the direction of flow. Transport characterization results are obtained using numerical and experimental methods.© 2004 ASME
Attractors with dueling symmetry

Abstract Two functions of the plane having distinct symmetries are intertwined using a sinew function to create a function of three variables having different symmetries in different regions of space. The attractor resulting from the iteration of this function can be visualized using a nonlinear semi-inverted projection to the plane. This projection makes the dueling symmetries of the attractor apparent. Schemes similar to genetic algorithms can be used to search parameter space for interesting examples of attractors with these dueling symmetries.
Community perspectives on spruce beetle impacts on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

A recent outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) in forests on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska was met with substantial variation in response among people and communities situated within this changing landscape. Interviews and mail surveys administered to residents in six Kenai Peninsula communities revealed differences in perception of biophysical, social, and economic impacts that resulted from changing forest conditions related to the spruce beetle outbreak. Together, the qualitative and quantitative data provided evidence of collective experience and community risk perception across Kenai Peninsula communities. Fire, falling trees, declining quality of watersheds and wildlife habitat, economic fluctuations, landscape change, and emotional loss were some of the issues faced. In some communities, increased timber harvesting brought short-term, positive economic change in the wake of the spruce beetle outbreak. In other communities, the loss of a living spruce (Picea spp.) forest profoundly affected quality of life, and led to community conflict, increased risk perception of future impacts, and economic challenges. Biophysical changes were keenly felt by many residents. Communities at different stages in the spruce beetle outbreak revealed temporal and spatial variations in perceived impacts. The diverse array of perceived impacts and risks from the spruce beetle outbreak in Kenai Peninsula communities presents both opportunities and obstacles for forest management in the context of changing forest conditions.
Myofibromas of the oral cavity

Solitary infantile myofibromatosis or myofibroma of the oral cavity is an uncommon condition with only 32 reported cases in the English-language literature. This article presents four additional cases of these solitary myofibroblastic lesions. In addition, the clinical and histologic features of this uncommon spindle cell neoplasm have been reviewed. The similarity in both the clinical and histopathologic features of the "adult" and "infantile" lesions support the proposal that myofibroma is a more accurate and acceptable term for these solitary myofibroblastic lesions of the oral cavity.
Global mass balance and the length-of-day variation

[1] Variations of atmospheric angular momentum are dominated driving forces behind the length-of-day change, while mass redistribution in the oceans and hydrosphere is expected to cause the length-of-day to change as well. We estimate atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrological contributions to the length-of-day variations during 1993–2004 using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis atmospheric model, the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean consortium's data assimilating ocean general circulation model, and the U.S. Climate Prediction Center's land data assimilation system model. A coherent mass balance among the atmosphere, ocean, and continental water is implemented. At seasonal timescales the mass balance among the atmosphere, land, and oceans is very important and nearly cancels all the contributions to the length-of-day variation predicted by the oceanic and hydrological models, although at intraseasonal timescales, good correlations exist between observed length-of-day variations unaccounted for by the atmosphere and contributions from the ocean and continental water. This study indicates that in a fully mass balanced Earth system the combined seasonal oceanic and hydrological contributions to the length-of-day variation are too small to explain the residual length-of-day variations unaccounted for by the atmosphere. The discrepancies between observed length-of-day variations and atmospheric contributions appear more likely caused by the errors of the atmospheric models, in particular of the wind fields.
Computer assisted detection and analysis of tall cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma in histological images

The number of new cases of thyroid cancer are dramatically increasing as incidences of this cancer have more than doubled since the early 1970s. Tall cell variant (TCV-PTC) papillary thyroid carcinoma is one type of thyroid cancer that is more aggressive and usually associated with higher local recurrence and distant metastasis. This variant can be identified through visual characteristics of cells in histological images. Thus, we created a fully automatic algorithm that is able to segment cells using a multi-stage approach. Our method learns the statistical characteristics of nuclei and cells during the segmentation process and utilizes this information for a more accurate result. Furthermore, we are able to analyze the detected regions and extract characteristic cell data that can be used to assist in clinical diagnosis.
Calcification. IV. Influence of Strontium and Magnesium Ions on Calcification in vitro

SummaryThe intense inhibition of calcification in vitro by strontium ions requires the presence of magnesium ions. The injury to the calcifying mechanism in rickets due to strontium is associated with the presence of magnesium ions. The results suggest the importance of studying the influence of various ions on the calcifying mechanism, both in the presence and absence of magnesium.
A new approach to the representation of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions by infinite products

An innovative technique is developed for obtaining infinite product representations for some elementary functions. The technique is based on the comparison of alternative expressions of Green's functions constructed by two different methods. Some standard boundary value problems are considered posed for two-dimensional Laplace equation on regions of a regular configuration. Classical closed analytic form of Green's functions for such problems are compared against those obtained by the method of images in the form of infinite products. This yields a number of new infinite product representations for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
The Trouble with Transcendence: Carl Schmitt’s “Exception” as a Challenge for Religious Studies

The Weimar- and Nazi-era legal theorist Carl Schmitt was one of the first to recognize that Max Weber’s theory of “disenchantment” encoded Protestant presuppositions. Despite his unsavory politics, I argue that Schmitt’s thesis—namely, that secular liberalism is a disguised and disenchanted “political theology” which depends on an exclusion of charismatic ruptures in the natural and moral orders—must be taken seriously. A genealogy of the prohibition of the miracle by the radical Reformation provides evidence for Schmitt’s contention that an ostensibly secular modernity, no less than its theological opponents, has had its own trouble with transcendence or the “exception.”
The molecular biology of differentiation and proliferation using human myelogenous leukemia cells

Cell lines and cell samples from patients provide opportunities for studying the mechanisms of leukemic cellular differentiation and proliferation. Phorbol esters and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 can induce differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells to macrophages. Differentiation to granulocytes can be induced by several different compounds. Myeloid differentiation is associated closely with the alteration in expression of several oncogenes. These regulatory events may be associated with the extent of methylation, unfolding or association of chromatin to the nuclear matrix. Oncogene amplification, mutation, or deletion can occur with malignant transformation. Future studies point to the development of specific pharmacological agents which can modify the neoplastic transformation.
Design and Construction of Large Amyloid Fibers

Mixtures of “template” and “adder” proteins self-assemble into large amyloid fibers of varying morphology and modulus. Fibers range from low modulus, rectangular cross-sectioned tapes to high modulus, circular cross-sectioned cylinders. Varying the proteins in the mixture can elicit “in-between” morphologies, such as elliptical cross-sectioned fibers and twisted tapes, both of which have moduli in-between rectangular tapes and cylindrical fibers. Experiments on mixtures of proteins of known amino acid sequence show that control of the large amyloid fiber morphology is dependent on the amount of glutamine repeats or “Q-blocks” relative to hydrophobic side chained amino acids such as alanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine in the adder protein. Adder proteins with only hydrophobic groups form low modulus rectangular cross-sections and increasing the Q-block content allows excess hydrogen bonding on amide groups that results in twist and higher modulus. The experimental results show that large amyloid fibers of specific shape and modulus can be designed and controlled at the molecular level.
Hard Decision-Based PWM for MIMO-OFDM Radar

For the purpose of target localization, Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) radar has been proposed. OFDM technique has been adopted in order to a simultaneous transmission and reception of a set of multiple narrowband orthogonal signals at orthogonal frequencies. Although multi-carrier systems such as OFDM support high data rate applications, they do not only require linear amplification but also they complicate the power amplifiers design and increase power consumption. This is because of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this work, a new proposition has been made based on the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to enhance the MIMO-OFDM radar systems’ performance. In order to check the proposed systems performance and its validity, a numerical analysis and a MATLAB simulation have been conducted. Nevertheless of the system characteristics and under same bandwidth occupancy and system’s specifications, the simulation results show that this work can reduce the PAPR values clearly and show capable results over the ones in the literature.
The Effect of Convection on Disorder in Primary Cellular and Dendritic Arrays

Directional solidification studies have been carried out to characterize the spatial disorder in the arrays of cells and dendrites. Different factors that cause array disorder are investigated experimentally and analyzed numerically. In addition to the disorder resulting from the fundamental selection of a range of primary spacings under given experimental conditions, a significant variation in primary spacings is shown to occur in bulk samples due to convection effects, especially at low growth velocities. The effect of convection on array disorder is examined through directional solidification studies in two different alloy systems, Pb-Sn and Al-Cu. A detailed analysis of the spacing distribution is carried out, which shows that the disorder in the spacing distribution is greater in the Al-Cu system than in Pb-Sn system. Numerical models are developed which show that fluid motion can occur in both these systems due to the negative axial density gradient or due the radial temperature gradient which is always present in Bridgman growth. The modes of convection have been found to be significantly different in these systems, due to the solute being heavier than the solvent in the Al-Cu system and lighter than it in the Pb-Sn system. The results of the model have been shown to explain experimental observations of higher disorder and greater solute segregation in a weakly convective Al-Cu system than those in a highly convective Pb-Sn system.
Impulse noise reduction in narrow-band fm receivers: A survey of design approaches and compromises

At least a good part of the problem of impulse noise in FM mobile receivers can be traced to its unpredictable nature — even so far as regards any particular installation in any given radio system.
Adventures in XSC: our six-week countdown to extended service coverage

In Summer 2001, Information Technology Services (ITS) - New York University's central IT organization serving some 65,000 students, faculty, and staff - was charged with taking major steps toward meeting our clients' growing requirements for round-the-clock IT services and support. From this, our Extended Services Coverage project (XSC) was begun.ITS had been formed two years earlier when three distinct IT organizations were combined under the leadership of the University's first Chief Information Technology Officer (CITO). XSC's Phase I allotted ITS a mere six weeks' time to gear up and extend integrated, formalized business-hours-type support to all our services during evenings, nights, and weekends. Helpdesk hours alone would be increased by more than 73%; onsite technical system support during "off-hours" would also be significantly increased - for University administrative systems, NYU-NET, e-mail, and instructional systems. We would need to be ramped up by the time students and faculty returned at the end of August.All this raised significant challenges for ITS' 200-member staff. XSC would require changing how we worked together. We would need to devise incident management workflows and operating procedures that cut across previously distinct service groups; formalize notification procedures and mechanisms for our staff, service partners, and clients; develop standard protocols for prioritizing, routing, escalating and resolving problem reports; quickly recruit new staff and train all staff in new procedures; and measure, track and improve our practices systematically.This paper will outline ITS' early experiences with XSC - challenges, implementation issues, and future plans - particularly from the perspectives of the managers of the two helpdesks from which XSC processes are initiated. We will also note how we leveraged on initiatives already underway with respect to our helpdesk procedures and Remedy incident management system, and how, as an unanticipated benefit of XSC, we were better prepared to support the NYU community in dealing with the September 11 WTC tragedy and its aftermath.
Long-path infrared spectroscopy for air pollution research

Abstract Two long-path absorption cells have been designed and built for the measurement of gaseous contaminants in the atmosphere and for the laboratory study of reactions occurring in such atmospheres. These instruments are based on the White multiple-reflection system, having two large mirrors of 3 m radius of curvature at one end of the cell and a smaller mirror of the same radius at the other end. To avoid excessive losses of radiant energy, the image of the infrared source is magnified and demagnified to match the cell to the spectrometer. Optimum path for maximum absorption signal is reached when reflection losses reduce the energy to 1/ e of its initial value. This corresponds to a path length of 120 m with the present cells although they have been successfully used at paths several times this length. It is possible to detect and identify many contaminants of importance in air pollution at concentrations of a few tenths of a part per million. The absorptions of water vapor and carbon dioxide make some regions of the spectrum opaque, but this interference is not serious over most of the spectrum. The first of these cells was used for laboratory studies in Philadelphia and the second was mounted in a laboratory trailer and taken to southern California where it has been in use since 1956 for the study of the atmosphere and related problems.
BIST-assisted power aware self healing RF circuits

In this paper, a novel methodology for post manufacture tuning of RF circuits is presented. The procedure uses an iterative test-tune-test algorithm that applies a compact alternative test to the DUT and modulates circuit level tuning knobs (bias/supply values) based on the DUT specification values predicted from the test. The test procedure is repeated until convergence to the desired spec values is achieved with minimal impact on circuit power consumption. A key benefit of this approach is that tuning of multiple specifications can be performed concurrently due to the use of the alternative test methodology allowing upto 10X savings in test/tuning time.
Block Regional Interpolation Scheme for k-Space (BRISK): A Rapid Cardiac Imaging Technique

We introduce an acquisition method, "block regional interpolation scheme for k-space" (BRISK), to reduce the acquisition time for cardiac imaging. The method exploits the high degree of correlation that exists between time-resolved cardiac images. For representative k-space data sets, Fourier analysis was applied along the cardiac phase dimension to reveal that different regions of k-space can be effectively sampled at different rates. A reduced sampling strategy was implemented, and unsampled points were generated by Fourier interpolation. Time savings of up to 75% are quite feasible and 25% BRISK scans compare well with 100% scans. Simulations and acquisitions using a normal volunteer and patients are presented.
Modeling, simulation and visualization: the Pentagon on September 11th

Researchers used a custom importer to simplify and load simulation data from the September 11th Pentagon attack into a commercial animation system. The resulting high-quality impact visualization combines state-of-the-art graphics with a state-of-the-art engineering simulation.
Response to Hypertension and children: should we be aware?

In their Letter to the Editor,1 Drs Barrios and Escobar make the valid point that reduction of blood pressure in children and adolescents to normal values is essential for long-term cardiovascular prognosis. There is an established …
Imbalanced cache partitioning for balanced data-parallel programs

This paper investigates partitioning the ways of a shared last-level cache among the threads of a symmetric data-parallel application running on a chip-multiprocessor. Unlike prior work on way-partitioning for unrelated threads in a multiprogramming workload, the domain of multithreaded programs requires both throughput and fairness. Additionally, our workloads show no obvious thread differences to exploit: program threads see nearly identical IPC and data reuse as they progress (as expected for a well-written load-balanced data-parallel program). Despite the balance and symmetry among threads, this paper shows that a balanced partitioning of cache ways between threads is suboptimal. Instead, this paper proposes a strategy of temporarily im-balancing the partitions between different threads to improve cache utilization by adapting to the locality behavior of the threads as captured by dynamic set-specific reuse-distance (SSRD). Cumulative SSRD histograms have knees that correspond to different important working sets; thus, cache ways can be taken away from a thread with only minimal performance impact if that thread is currently operating far from a knee. Those ways can then be given to a single "preferred" thread to push it over the next knee. The preferred thread is chosen in a round-robin fashion to ensure balanced progress over the execution. The algorithm also effectively handles scenarios where an un-partitioned cache might outperform any sort of explicit partitioning. This dynamic partition imbalance algorithm allows up to 44% reduction in execution time and 91% reduction in misses over an un-partitioned shared cache for 9 benchmarks from the PARSEC-2.0 and SPEC OMP suites.
The Position of the Theorist in the Lower Ninth Ward

A too-easy equation of race and poverty with the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans can spatially contain our responses to the social inequities that contributed to the disaster wrought by Hurricane Katrina. This containment reproduces abstract space and inhibits movements for social change.
Comparison of Feeding Value of Alfalfa Hay, Silage, and Low-Moisture Silage

Abstract In a 56-day milk production trial the feeding- values of alfalfa hay, silage, and low-moisture silage, with the silages stored in tower silos, were compared. All forages cut at the bud stage, using a conditioner, were of excellent quality. Dry matter consumption amongst the three forages was not significantly different, although there was a trend for the higher dry matter forages to be consumed to a greater extent. Four per cent FCM production and body weight changes were not significantly different. Digestibility of the three rations did not differ significantly. Low-moisture silage can be made in tower silos and it is equal but not superior to the feeding value of hay or high-moisture silage.
Viral Repression of Fungal Pheromone Precursor Gene Expression

Biological control of chestnut blight caused by the filamentous ascomycete Cryphonectria parasitica can be achieved with a virus that infects this fungus. This hypovirus causes a perturbation of fungal development that results in low virulence (hypovirulence), poor asexual sporulation, and female infertility without affecting fungal growth in culture. At the molecular level, the virus is known to affect the transcription of a number of fungal genes. Two of these genes, Vir1 and Vir2, produce abundant transcripts in noninfected strains of the fungus, but the transcripts are not detectable in virus-infected strains. We report here that these two genes encode the pheromone precursors of the Mat-2 mating type of the fungus; consequently, these genes have been renamed Mf2/1 and Mf2/2. To determine if the virus affects the mating systems of both mating types of this fungus, the pheromone precursor gene, Mf1/1, of a Mat-1 strain was cloned and likewise was found to be repressed in virus-infected strains. The suppression of transcription of the pheromone precursor genes of this fungus could be the cause of the mating defect of infected strains of the fungus. Although published reports suggest that a G alpha(i) subunit may be involved in this regulation, our results do not support this hypothesis. The prepropheromone encoded by Mf1/1 is structurally similar to that of the prepro-p-factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This is the first description of the complete set of pheromone precursor genes encoded by a filamentous ascomycete.
Leads and longevity: how long will your pacemaker last?

Prolonging pacemaker system longevity and time between pulse generator changes remains an important goal of device therapy for several reasons. There is a small but finite risk of infection and other complications each time a generator change is performed. If patients have one less generator change during their lifetime, the relative risk of complications is reduced. A 10% increase in generator longevity will result in large savings for healthcare costs each year. Therefore, interest in maximizing pacemaker longevity continues. Modern pacemakers use current not only for pacing but also for other functions such as obtaining measurements of diagnostic data, measurements made by rate response sensors, and implementation of algorithms, such as for mode switching. Pacemaker battery life therefore depends on a variety of variables, including baseline battery self-discharge, current drain for device housekeeping functions, current used to pace the heart, and current to sense the underlying heart rhythm. An average pacemaker battery has about 0.5–2Ah of battery life. Factors controlling current drain with a pacing stimulus include pacing rate, per cent pacing, programmed voltage, pulse width (PW), and lead impedance. Energy use is proportional to PW and to the square of the voltage. By Ohms law, I = V / R , where R is the impedance, current is inversely proportional to impedance. For a given voltage ( V ) and PW, current will be less for a high-impedance lead. For an electrical circuit, a voltage drop occurs and energy is dissipated across a load or impedance. The area of high impedance in a lead should … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 804 828 7565, Fax: +1 804 828 6082. Email: rshepard{at}mcvh-vcu.edu
Cross-layer Resource Allocation Strategies for Quality-of-Service Driven Opportunistic Routing Over Wireless Relay Networks

We develop a cross-layer optimization framework incorporating opportunistic routing and quality-of service (QoS) driven power allocation. By applying opportunistic routing, we optimally select one relay for each source-destination pair to assist their transmissions. By integrating information theory with the concept of effective capacity, our strategies aim at maximizing the relay network throughput subject to a given delay QoS constraint. We first propose two resource allocation strategies for the QoS driven opportunistic routing, under two different instantaneous power constraints. In the first strategy, we set the instantaneous constraint on the total transmission power of the wireless relay networks; while in the second one, we set the power constraint on each source-destination pair. In addition, we introduce another resource allocation strategy with the average power constraint of each source-destination pair. The simulation results show that the first two strategies have nearly the same effective capacity performance, and that the third strategy outperforms the first two strategies only when the QoS requirement is stringent.
Spectral Signatures for Identifying Explosives With Wideband Millimeter-Wave Illumination

Millimeter-wave imaging systems used in airports, government buildings, and other facilities for personnel screening use advanced imaging technology (AIT) to detect explosives and weapons concealed under clothing. Additional information in the imaging data can be applied to identify the composition of the detected objects. The method described here demonstrates that material data in the form of the dielectric constant can be derived from the variation of reflectivity in millimeter waves over a range of frequencies from 18 to 40 GHz. By fitting the reflectivity to an optical model, the thickness and dielectric constant, including attenuation, can be computed. The method is applied to samples of inert substances and a military sheet explosive to show that detected anomalies can be distinguished as distinct materials through their dielectric constants. For absorptive materials, a frequency band of lower frequencies, 2–18 GHz, can be applied to detect the dielectric, as is demonstrated in the case of a commercial explosive. Used with AIT, the technique can facilitate the evaluation of threats at personnel checkpoints.
Influence of Treatment Technique on the Temperature-Toxicity Relationships of cis- and trans-Permethrin in the Cabbage Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The toxicity of cis - and trans -permethrin to third instar cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), was determined at 15.6, 26.7, and 37.8°C by two treatment techniques. Whether applied topically or incorporated into the diet of the larvae, both isomers showed a negative temperature coefficient of toxicity between 15.6 and 37.8°C. However, temperature coefficients between 15.6 and 26.7°C and between 26.7 and 37.8°C varied. Data indicate that the method of application of a pyrethroid can affect its temperature-toxicity relationship.
New Genera and Species of North American Geophiloid Centipeds

The new forms diagnosed in the present paper are represented in collections that have recently come into the author‗s hands. The more important of these collections were made by Stanley and Dorothea Mulaik, of the University of Utah, who collected in Arizona and California; Dr. J. M. Linsdale, of the Frances Simes Hastings Natural History Reservation in Monterey County, California, where his material was secured; and L. D. Christensen, L. S. Jones, and D. W. Clancy in the course of soil investigation in Texas, Arizona, and Oregon, their material being transmitted for study by the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. Single species were also received from Dr. J. C. Chamberlin, Oregon; Mr. W. M. Pearce, California, and, several years ago, the late Dr. W. M. Wheeler, Arizona. The writer wishes here to express his appreciation to these gentlemen. All material is at present retained by the author.
Toshio Mori’s California Koans

During World War II, relocation rerouted the lives of over 100,000 Japanese-Americans. But for some who cherished the ties of community, the interlude was not a complete catastrophe. From his vantage point as camp historian for the Topaz Relocation Center in Utah, Toshio Mori wrote with a certain regret that the end of the war would also undermine the continuity of the closeknit JapaneseAmerican community:
Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Peptide Thioesters Containing Modified Seryl Residues as Probes of Antibiotic Biosynthesis

Methods have been developed to synthesize tri- and pentapeptide thioesters containing one or more p-(hydroxyphenyl)glycine (pHPG) residues and l-serine, some where the latter is O-phosphorylated, O-acetylated, or exists as a β-lactam. Selection of orthogonal protection strategies and development of conditions to achieve seryl O-phosphorylation without β-elimination and to maintain stereochemical control, especially simultaneously at exceptionally base-labile pHPG α-carbons, are described. Intramolecular closure of a seryl peptide to a β-lactam-containing peptide and the syntheses of corresponding thioester analogues are also reported. Modification of classical Mitsunobu conditions is described in the synthesis of the β-lactam-containing products, and in a broadly useful observation, it was found that simple exclusion of light from the P(OEt)3-mediated Mitsunobu ring closure afforded yields of >95%, presumably owing to reduced photodegradation of the azodicarboxylate used. These sensitive potential substra...
Regulation of translation by upstream translation initiation codons of surfactant protein A1 splice variants.

Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a molecule with roles in lung innate immunity and surfactant-related functions, is encoded by two genes in humans: SFTPA1 (SP-A1) and SFTPA2 (SP-A2). The mRNAs from the...
Filling sensations after restorative proctocolectomy

Objective: in order to improve insights in rectal filling sensation, we studied pouch filling sensations after ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) before and after re-establishment of bowel continuity. Methods: anal manometry and a pouch filling sensation test were performed before as well as 1 and 6 weeks after closure of the loop ileostomy in 17 patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy with stapled (8 patients) or manual pouch-anal anastomosis (9 patients). The results were compared with those of 12 control subjects. Results: before ileostomy closure, pouch pressure necessary for inducing the respective sensation thresholds was higher than in controls; the difference was significant for constant and urge sensation. The volumes for urge and maximum tolerable sensation level were significantly lower, with reduced pouch compliance. After stoma closure, pressure and volume thresholds at all sensation levels became completely comparable with control data. No relevant differences were observed between stapled and manual ileal pouch-anal anastomoses. Conclusions: all levels of filling sensation levels are preserved after restorative proctocolectomy and their parameters are comparable with those of normal rectal filling sensation. Diversion of an ileal J pouch results in resetting of filling sensation thresholds towards lower volume and higher pressure values, but all sensation thresholds normalize within 6 weeks after stoma closure. These data document that neither the rectum, nor the mucosa of the anorectal junction and upper part of the anal canal are involved in filling and urge sensation.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Short Circuit Ratio of Multi-Infeed AC/DC Power Systems

With the development of power grid in China,multi-infeed HV AC/DC systems are embedded into South China power grid and East China power grid.Multi-infeed short circuit ratio(MSCR) can simultaneously reflect the strength degree of HVAC systems and interaction among HVDC systems,so it is an important reference index in the construction of multi-infeed HVDC power system.The factors influencing MSCR are analyzed in depth theoretically,the influences of such factors as the electrical distance between the positions where HVDC lines connect into HVAC system,namely the mutual impedance,and network structure including network topology,line impedance,distribution of power sources on MSCR are analyzed;the variation law of MSCR is given.The conclusions are verified by calculation results of an HV AC/DC hybrid grid containing two multi-infeed HVDC systems.
25 RURAL HIGHWAY SAFETY ON THE RATHDRUM PRAIRIE.

Purpose of Study Rathdrum, Idaho is a town whose population has grown by nearly 20% in the last 5 years. The increased population has burdened North Idaho9s already congested rural highway system, and the communities are thus at increased risk for motor vehicle accidents and fatalities. This project was designed to explore the risk factors for collisions and implement an educational and community based intervention to reduce rural driving hazards. Methods A review of Idaho9s crash statistics was conducted, as well as an investigation of previous prioritization of safety in the area. Community experts from the health department and various clinics were interviewed concerning possible solutions. A PubMed search was conducted to identify specific techniques for reducing collisions and fatalities on rural highways. Results Three specific concerns were focused upon to reduce risk: use of safety belts, drowsy and distracted driving, and speed limit compliance. A brochure was created and posted at several community clinics as well as with the Panhandle Health Department to educate the public about risk reduction. A letter was written to the editor of the Coeur d9Alene Press to encourage community involvement and to advocate for a primary seat belt law in Idaho. Conclusion Educational approaches to rural driving safety are a step toward prevention of unnecessary deaths. Long-term solutions to these issues must involve community members such as law enforcement officers, the Idaho Transportation Department, and physicians themselves.
Using anisotropic effective medium theories to quantify elastic properties of sandstone-shale laminated rocks

ABSTRACTWe have developed a new rock-physics model based on a combination of effective medium theories to reconstruct rock fabric, and we have estimated the elastic properties of laminated hydrocarbon-bearing shales. This innovative model is based on the separate treatment of isotropic sandstone and vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) shale volumes of each layer; the model reproduces many typical properties of laminated shales, such as alignment of cracks, alignment of clay platelets, distinction between isolated and connected porosity, and presence of fractures. Moreover, the model enables the simulation of Stoneley velocity based on the estimated stiffness of the rock in addition to compressional and shear velocities commonly calculated with rock-physics models. Finally, it is a joint model that also calculates vertical and horizontal electrical resistivity while keeping a consistent microstructure for the elastic and resistivity simulations, thereby decreasing nonuniqueness of the solution. Nonuniquene...
Cisgender and Cissexual

The term cissexual is usually defined as “non-transsexual,” and the term cisgender is usually defined as “non-transgender.” Cissexual and cisgender disrupt the marked–unmarked relations between transsexuality and non-transsexuality and between transgender and non-transgender. The prefixes cis- and trans- are antonymic. Cissexual and cisgender entered into circulation in 1991 and 1994, respectively. The variety of the terms' definitions and deployments raises complicated questions about sex, gender, sexuality, and the politics of naming. The terms' alternative forms include cis, cis-, and cisgendered. Related concepts include the cisgender gaze, cisgenderism, cisnormativity, cisplaining, cissexism, cissexual assumption, and cissexual gender entitlement. The most generative related concept is cissexual/cisgender (cis) privilege. This concept was popularized by the “Cis Privilege Checklist.” The reality of cis privilege is denied by members of a radical feminist subculture. Perhaps the most promising direction for future scholarship on cissexuality and cisgender is intersectional analysis of cis privilege. Keywords: gender; intersectionality; LGBTQ; transgender; transsexual
A Note on Alternating Permutations

(2007). A Note on Alternating Permutations. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 114, No. 5, pp. 437-440.
The Mechanism of Amphotericin-Induced Distal Acidification Defect in Rats

1. The effect of chronic and acute administration of amphotericin B on renal function, especially urinary acidification, was studied in rats. Chronic intraperitoneal administration of amphotericin B resulted in blood concentrations similar to or higher than those seen in patients treated with the antibiotic, but failed to produce hyperchloraemic acidosis. The minimum urine pH achieved during NH 4 Cl-induced acidosis was significantly higher in amphotericin-treated rats than in controls; net acid excretion, however, was not significantly different from that of controls. These data were interpreted as indicating the presence of an incomplete distal acidification defect. 2. The ability to raise urine-blood (U-B) P co 2 during alkalinization of the urine was examined in another group of amphotericin-treated rats. The data on amphotericin-treated rats could be artificially divided into two groups. One group had a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and was able to raise the (U-B) P co 2 gradient during administration of the HCO − 3 to the same as that seen in control rats infused with the vehicle for amphotericin, sodium deoxycholate. The second group, which comprised only 15% of the total, had a decreased glomerular filtration rate and an abnormally low (U-B) P co 2 . The normal (U-B) P co 2 was interpreted as the result of normal H + secretion during alkalinization of the urine. The low (U-B) P co 2 in the second group was attributed to the low urinary HCO − 3 concentration. 3. In order to investigate the effect of large concentrations of amphotericin on distal H + secretion, amphotericin was administered acutely to HCO − 3 -loaded rats. Acute intravenous administration of amphotericin resulted in a significant decrease in (U-B) P co 2 and urine HCO − 3 concentration; the decrease in urinary P co 2 was of greater magnitude than the decrease in urine HCO − 3 concentration, leading to a rise in urine pH. The maximum urine pH achieved during HCO − 3 loading (maximal urine HCO − 3 was the same in both groups) was significantly higher in the animals infused acutely with amphotericin than in controls, thus indicating that amphotericin-treated animals have a distal acidification defect. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that amphotericin induces an acidification defect by increasing H + back-diffusion in the form of carbonic acid or dissolved CO 2 when the urine is highly alkaline and in the form of weak acid or proton when the urine is acid.
Compulsive Buying Behavior: Relationship with Impulse Buying and a Proposed Model of Antecedents

The paper highlights key research findings regarding compulsive buying behavior and aims at describing the relationship between compulsive buying and an alternative buying phenomenon, i.e. impulse buying. These nonstandard buying behaviors are frequently found alongside each other in consumer research literature. Two common views of the relationship between compulsive buying and impulse buying are discussed and combined to form a hybrid conceptualization. Impulse buying is conceived to be associated with positive affective states, while compulsive buying is primarily driven by negative affect and characterized by an increasing loss of consumer self-control. A proposed model of compulsive buying antecedents is offered based on escape theory and some key findings in research. Higher levels of consumer depression, greater materialistic values, lower self-esteem, greater abilities to fantasize and tendencies to impulse buy, and higher levels of anxiety and obsessive-compulsiveness are all suggested to have direct, positive correlations with compulsive buying behavior.
Evaluation of bias correction methods for wave modeling output

Abstract Models that seek to predict environmental variables invariably demonstrate bias when compared to observations. Bias correction (BC) techniques are common in the climate and hydrological modeling communities, but have seen fewer applications to the field of wave modeling. In particular there has been no investigation as to which BC methodology performs best for wave modeling. This paper introduces and compares a subset of BC methods with the goal of clarifying a “best practice” methodology for application of BC in studies of wave-related processes. Specific focus is paid to comparing parametric vs. empirical methods as well as univariate vs. bivariate methods. The techniques are tested on global WAVEWATCH III historic and future period datasets with comparison to buoy observations at multiple locations. Both wave height and period are considered in order to investigate BC effects on inter-variable correlation. Results show that all methods perform uniformly in terms of correcting statistical moments for individual variables with the exception of a copula based method underperforming for wave period. When comparing parametric and empirical methods, no difference is found. Between bivariate and univariate methods, results show that bivariate methods greatly improve inter-variable correlations. Of the bivariate methods tested the copula based method is found to be not as effective at correcting correlation while a “shuffling” method is unable to handle changes in correlation from historic to future periods. In summary, this study demonstrates that BC methods are effective when applied to wave model data and that it is essential to employ methods that consider dependence between variables.
Differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions

Liver lesions are an increasingly common finding. The broad variety of lesions that exist necessitates a thorough understanding of the nuances in differential diagnosis prior to approaching management decisions. Lesions are not only found in patients with symptomatic complaints, but increasingly are being detected incidentally at imaging. Lesions of the liver are discovered in patients with extrahepatic disease where their presence can alter management. In each case, knowledge of the differential diagnosis aids the construction of a plan of management. Where treatment decisions hinge on subtle findings, consequences of interpretation are great and can mean the difference between reassurance and observation or pursuit of one of a wide variety of interventions. This chapter provides insight into the differential diagnosis of the more common focal liver lesions.
Do Breast Cancer Patients Benefit from Surgery? Hypotheses, Mathematical Models and False Beliefs

Although much is known about the molecular biology and genomics of breast cancer at the subcellular level, clinical manifestations of the disease and its diagnosis, prognosis and treatment continue to pose major challenges. This chapter is an attempt at critical review and analysis of a few principal hypotheses about the natural history of invasive breast cancer and the effects of surgery. We address a fundamental question regarding the universality of benefits of surgery and whether it should be dropped for some categories of breast cancer patients. We present a mathematical model of metastasis that allows for evaluating the post-surgery dynamics of the metastatic cascade. We show that statistical inference from the results of clinical trials may lead to false knowledge and irreproducible results. Finally, we make a case for identification of the categories of breast cancer patients that could benefit from surgery through a model-based analysis of post-surgery metastatic relapse times. The mathematical model could also serve as an in silico surrogate for clinical trials comparing various breast cancer treatments with and without surgery.