cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Floating-Point Intensive Kernel on FPGA

Heterogeneous platforms provide a promising solution for high-performance and energy-efficient computing applications. This paper presents our research on usage of heterogeneous platform for a floating-point intensive kernel. We first introduce the floating-point intensive kernel from the geographical information system. Then we analyze the FPGA designs generated by the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL, and evaluate the kernel performance and the floating-point error rate of the FPGA designs. Finally, we compare the performance and energy efficiency of the kernel implementations on the Arria 10 FPGA, Intel’s Xeon Phi Knights Landing CPU, and NVIDIA’s Kepler GPU. Our evaluation shows the energy efficiency of the single-precision kernel on the FPGA is 1.35X better than on the CPU and the GPU, while the energy efficiency of the double-precision kernel on the FPGA is 1.36X and 1.72X less than the CPU and GPU, respectively.
Does Predictive Policing Lead to Biased Arrests? Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Racial bias in predictive policing algorithms has been the focus of a number of recent news articles, statements of concern by several national organizations (e.g., the ACLU and NAACP), and simulat...
3D Printable Resources for Engaging STEM Students in Laboratory Learning Activities and Outreach Programs: Inexpensive and User-Friendly Instrument Kits for Educators

Continued advances in digital design software and 3D printing methods enable innovative approaches in the development of new educational tools for laboratory-based STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) learning. The decreasing cost of 3D printing equipment and greater access provided by university fabrication centers afford unique opportunities for educators to transcend the limitations of conventional modes of student engagement with analytical instrumentation. This work shares successful efforts at Wabash College to integrate user-friendly and inexpensive 3D printed instruments kits into introductory STEM coursework. The laboratory kits and activities described provide new tools for engaging students in the exploration of instrument design and performance. These experiences provide effective ways to assist active-learners in discovering the technology and fundamental principles of analysis and deliberately confront the “black box” perception of instrumentation.
Interaction of the BLM protein with Topo III alpha in Somatic and meiotic cells

Bloom syndrome (BS) is characterized by genomic instability and cancer susceptibility. The gene defective in BS, BLM, encodes a DNA helicase of the RecQ family. Sgslp, a RecQ-family helicase in S. cerevisiae, interacts physically and functionally with the topoisomerase III protein. Using coimmunoprecipitation and immunolocalization, we demonstrate in somatic human cells an association between BLM and the topoisomerase Topo III alpha and between Topo III alpha and RECQL, another RecQ family helicase. In fibroblasts, these three proteins colocalize in PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Localization of Topo III alpha to NBs is disrupted in BS cells, indicating that BLM is necessary for the proper localization of Topo III alpha and suggesting that NBs may be an important site of function for these proteins. BLM and Topo III alpha also colocalize in meiosis, in foci on the lateral elements of recently synapsed homologous chromosomes. Thus the genome instability observed in BS may involve perturbations in the activities of DNA topoisomerases, in addition to defects in BLM itself.
Sandbagging and the self: Does narcissism explain the relationship between sandbagging and self-esteem?

Abstract. Sandbagging – a self-presentation strategy defined by feigned performance or false claims of inability – has been associated with lower self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to inves...
Kwentong Pambata: Interactive Storybook for Filipino Fables, Legends, Parables and Short Stories

This paper focused on the development and evaluation of a mobile application in which children could interact, be entertained, and especially be educated at the same time. It was mainly designed for children, parents/guardians, and teachers as well. The interactive storybook which was created was different from those available in the market. Kwentong Pambata is a children’s storybook application designed for Android devices that features Filipino legends, fables, parables and short stories designed for Filipino children and children all over the world. It portrays Filipino values, traditions and character which contains moral lesson at the end of each story that would educate children’s view in life, their characters, moral uprightness, and values. It is a storybook which contains fun pictures, texts, and sounds that kids will truly enjoy. The goal of the study is to develop an Android application that children could interact, learn, read, be entertained, improve and develop children’s imagination and comprehension skills at an early age, and to promote Filipino stories and moral values. Kwentong Pambata application was developed using ActionScript 3.0. and Adobe Flash CS5.5. The application has 3 different language translations such as Filipino, English, and Mandarin. The proponents used ADDIE model for the development of the application. After the development, the application was evaluated. The total number of 40 respondents which were selected through probability sampling is used for the evaluation process. The application was evaluated according to its Usability, Reliability, Efficiency and Graphical User Interface (GUI). The evaluation questionnaire showed that the application was rated as very satisfactory with the help of the respondents and was improved throughout its revisions.
High Density EMI filtering and Noise Self-Containment in Power Electronics System

Outline • Introduction • EMI Filter Minimization Using Impedance Mismatching Concept • Power Module Packaging and Its Influences in EMI generation/propagation • EMI Filter Integration • Summary
Emotions expressed with friends and acquaintances and preschool children’s social competence with peers

Abstract Preschool children’s expression of emotion in the context of interaction with friends and acquaintances was examined in relation to teacher rated social behavior. Data were collected from 112 preschool children (54 boys, 58 girls; 66 European American, 19 African American, 17 Hispanic, and 10 other ethnicity). Children’s friends were identified based on mutual liked most nominations. Naturalistic observations of children’s emotional expressiveness during interactions with friends and acquiantances in preschool were conducted. Teachers provided ratings of children’s prosocial behavior, aggression, and withdrawn behavior. Data revealed that children who expressed more positive emotion with friends and acquaintances were rated by teachers as being more prosocial and less aggressive. Boys, but not girls, who expressed more anger with acquaintances were rated by teachers as being less prosocial and more aggressive. Children who displayed more anger with acquaintances were rated by teachers as less withdrawn, and children who displayed more fear with acquaintances were rated by teachers as more withdrawn. The findings suggest that children display different patterns of emotional expressiveness when interacting with friends than they do when interacting with acquaintances, and specific emotions expressed with friends and acquaintance relate in unique ways to teacher’s report of children’s social competence with peers.
Assessment of American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association-Approved Teams' Websites for Patient-Oriented Content and Readability.

Objective:Informed decision-making relies on available information, including online resources. We evaluated the content and readability of websites published by American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial ...
Historicizing Satire in Juvenal

The implications of the persona theory pose a problem for the interpretation of Juvenal9s early satires, because it presents the satirist as intent on nullifying his didactic stances. This leaves us with an unsatisfactory conclusion that excises Juvenal9s persistent treatment of themes consistent with contemporaneous authors who were similarly engaged in blackening the reputations of the famous dead. This article argues that a strict application of persona theory isolates Juvenal9s satirist from his volatile contemporary climate by excluding him from the reality that these authors—similarly directing their works to the past—were unabashedly writing only after the tyrant was safely dead. Tacitus and Pliny had lamented the servility and silence that predominated during Domitian9s reign, in which the Roman world endured fifteen years of terror without uttering a word. Into this literary milieu Juvenal announces his satirist, who begins with an echo of that silence: semper ego auditor tantum? With the death of Domitian and a new atmosphere that permitted the defamation of the deceased, Juvenal injects his venomous voice into the mix, taking advantage of contemporary literary appetites that allowed for the punishment, no matter how belated, if not of the person then of the guilty one9s memory. Any evaluation of Juvenal9s satiric project must be firmly rooted in this, his most immediate, context.
Relation Between Solutions of the Schr\"odinger Equation with Transitioning Resonance Solutions of the Gravitational Three-Body Problem

It is shown that a class of approximate resonance solutions in the three-body problem under the Newtonian gravitational force are equivalent to quantized solutions of a modified Schrodinger equation for a wide range of masses that transition between energy states. In the macroscopic scale, the resonance solutions are shown to transition from one resonance type to another through weak capture at one of the bodies, while in the Schrodinger equation, one obtains quantized wave solutions transitioning between different energies. The resonance transition dynamics provides a classical model of a particle moving between different energy states in the Schrodinger equation. This methodology provides a connection between celestial and quantum mechanics.
Tracing the Roots of Dementia Praecox: The Emergence of Verrücktheit as a Primary Delusional-Hallucinatory Psychosis in German Psychiatry From 1860 to 1880.

While the roots of mania and melancholia can be traced to the 18th century and earlier, we have no such long historical narrative for dementia praecox (DP). I, here, provide part of that history, beginning with Kraepelin's chapter on Verrucktheit for his 1883 first edition textbook, which, over the ensuing 5 editions, evolved into Kraepelin's mature concepts of paranoia and paranoid DP. That chapter had 5 references published from 1865 to 1879 when delusional-hallucinatory syndromes in Germany were largely understood as secondary syndromes arising from prior episodes of melancholia and mania in the course of a unitary psychosis. Each paper challenged that view supporting a primary Verrucktheit as a disorder that should exist alongside mania and melancholia. The later authors utilized faculty psychology, noting that primary Verrucktheit resulted from a fundamental disorder of thought or cognition. In particular, they argued that, while delusions in mania and melancholia were secondary, arising from primary mood changes, in Verrucktheit, delusions were primary with observed changes in mood resulting from, and not causing, the delusions. In addition to faculty psychology, these nosologic changes were based on the common-sense concept of understandability that permitted clinicians to distinguish individuals in which delusions emerged from mood changes and mood changes from delusions. The rise of primary Verrucktheit in German psychiatry in the 1860-1870s created a nosologic space for primary psychotic illness. From 1883 to 1899, Kraepelin moved into this space filling it with his mature diagnoses of paranoia and paranoid DP, our modern-day paranoid schizophrenia.
Immigration Reform is Key in the Recovery from the COVID-19 Crisis

From the Conclusion: The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic presents a unique opportunity While many countries are tightening immigration restrictions, the US government could instead lower barriers to entry, which would attract talent and capitalize on the significant economic benefits of immigration as America recovers from the crisis Emigration and immigration--Government policy;COVID-19 (Disease);Disaster recovery
Find Trade Patterns in China’s Stock Markets Using Data Mining Agents

In this paper we develop an autonomous agent-based market microstructure simulation with two kinds of agents using different trade strategies. Both types of agent follow different rules to trade, with decisions made on data mining algorithms and real data from China’s stock markets and NASDAQ in the US. The time range for this study covers last six years, the most volatile period in last 30 years in China’s markets. The generalizations show that, during the collapse, the agent traders change their trading strategies more uniformly and frequently than usual days. At the relative low turning points, agent traders either do not sell, or sell and buy more actively than the previous day. Also before publication of some news, agents on related listed companies could show a special pattern lasting for many days.
The GRW Theory and the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics

Giancarlo Ghirardi, along with Alberto Rimini and Tullio Weber, first showed the world that there could be a scientifically respectable theory of the collapse of the quantum–mechanical wave-function. It is primarily and rightfully for that, that they will always be remembered. In this paper I mean to point to a small and somewhat neglected side-effect of that achievement which has perhaps received less attention than it deserves: if anything along the lines of the GRW theory should turn out to be true, then the probabilities of universal statistical mechanics are nothing other than the familiar probabilities of quantum mechanics.
Postimpingement instability following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a parametric finite element analysis

Abstract Background Instability following reverse shoulder arthroplasty is influenced by various factors such as component design, component positioning, and soft tissue tensioning. Patients may achieve glenohumeral motion beyond initial scapular impingement during activities of daily living which could further compound instability. However, instability/subluxation risk postscapular impingement is not well documented. Conventional range of motion analysis tools cannot account for the restraining effect of soft tissues or subluxation risk after impingement. Using a previously validated finite element analysis approach, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glenoid component lateralization and humeral component angle of inclination (AOI), with or without simulated subscapularis repair, on postimpingement subluxation. We hypothesized that lack of subscapularis repair, a valgus humeral component AOI, and glenoid medialization would all result in greater postimpingement instability. Methods A FE model of the shoulder including the subscapularis tendon and middle deltoid was created, incorporating a general representation of a commercial reverse shoulder arthroplasty implant placed under the direction of a fellowship-trained shoulder surgeon. The deltoid and subscapularis were tensioned and wrapped around the reconstructed glenohumeral joint prior to simulating motion. Humeral rotations were then prescribed to simulate external rotation (neutral to 50°), extension (neutral to 50°), adduction (neutral to 30°), and abduction (neutral to 90°). The effects of three glenosphere lateralization offsets (2, 4, and 10 mm) and 2 humeral liner angles of inclination (varus-150° and valgus-155°) on subluxation propensities were investigated with and without the subscapularis tendon present. Results Simulated subscapularis repair resulted in 21%-34% less postimpingement subluxation. Presence of the subscapularis provided stability over a greater range of abduction. Impingement-free range of motion was similar regardless of the presence or absence of the subscapularis. The valgus AOI resulted in 23% less subluxation during abduction. During other motions however, the valgus AOI resulted in 67%-110% greater postimpingement subluxation (subscapularis present), which further worsened without the subscapularis. Conclusion Implant design modifications to improve stability may not be beneficial for all motions, highlighting the importance of directionality when investigating instability. Liner-bone impingement appears to compound instability/subluxation and the subscapularis appears to restrain postimpingement instability. Level of evidence Basic Science Study; Computer Modeling
Piloting an Interprofessional Narrative-Based Interactive Workshop for End-of-Life Conversations: Implications for Learning and Practice:

BackgroundBased on the principles of Narrative Medicine, this study explored a narrative-based workshop for multi-level interdisciplinary clinicians who have EOL conversations.MethodsFifty-two clin...
Long-term Overall Survival and Predictors in Anti-PD-1-naive Melanoma Patients With Brain Metastases Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Real-world Setting: A Multicohort Study.

Long-term survival outcomes among melanoma patients with brain metastases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors are limited. In this retrospective study at 2 centers, metastatic melanoma patients with radiographic evidence of brain metastases who received anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy or nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab between 2014 and 2017 were included. Overall survival (OS) was assessed in diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (ds-GPA) and melanoma-molecular graded prognostic assessment (molGPA) prognostic risk groups. Baseline clinical covariates were used to identify predictors of OS in univariate/multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models. A total of 84 patients (58 monotherapy, 26 combination) were included with a median duration of follow-up of 43.4 months (maximum: 5.1 y). The median OS [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 3.1 months (1.8, 7) for ds-GPA 0-1, 22.1 months [5.4, not reached (NR)] for ds-GPA 2 and NR (24.9, NR) for ds-GPA 3-4 in the monotherapy cohort [hazard ratio (HR) for ds-GPA 3-4 vs. 0-1: 0.13 (95% CI: 0.052, 0.32); 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.63) for ds-GPA 2 vs. 0-1]. The median OS was 1.1 months (95% CI: 0.3, NR) for ds-GPA 0-1, 11.8 months (95% CI: 2.9, 23.3) for ds-GPA 2 and 24.4 months (95% CI: 3.4, NR) for ds-GPA 3-4 in the combination cohort [HR for 3-4 vs. 0-1: 0.013 (95% CI: 0.0012, 0.14); HR for ds-GPA 2 vs. 0-1: 0.033 (0.0035, 0.31)]. Predictors associated with longer survival included ds-GPA or molGPA>1 (among prognostic indices), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ( 1 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio <4 were strong predictors of long-term survival to anti-PD-1-based immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma brain metastases patients previously naive to anti-PD-1 therapy in a real-world clinical setting treated at independent centers.
A Comparative Study for Email Classification

Email has become one of the fastest and most economical forms of communication. However, the increase of email users have resulted in the dramatic increase of spam emails during the past few years. In this paper, email data was classified using four different classifiers (Neural Network, SVM classifier, Naive Bayesian Classifier, and J48 classifier). The experiment was performed based on different data size and different feature size. The final classification result should be ‘1’ if it is finally spam, otherwise, it should be ‘0’. This paper shows that simple J48 classifier which make a binary tree, could be efficient for the dataset which could be classified as binary tree.
Genetic variability within the 5′ nontranslated region of hepatitis A virus RNA: Implications for secondary structure and function

Abstract The RNA genome of hepatitis A virus (HAV) contains a lengthy and relatively well conserved 5′ nontranslated region (5′NTR). In other picornaviruses, the 5′NTR has been shown to have important functions related to the initiation of viral translation and replication of viral RNA, functions which are critically dependent on both primary and secondary RNA structure. We have utilized a phylogenetic approach to construct a model of the secondary structure of the HAV 5′NTR. By comparing the nucleotide sequences of genetically divergent simian and human HAV strains, we identified a series of covariant nucleotide substitutions which are predictive of conserved, double-stranded helical structures within the 5′NTR, and which thus permitted improved thermodynamic modeling of the secondary structure. The model was further refined based on the observed sites of cleavage of synthetic RNA by single- and double-strand specific RNAses. The results of these studies suggest that the 5′NTR of HAV has a general organization similar to that of other picornaviruses, and shares certain structural features and perhaps specific functions with the 5′NTRs of the cardioviruses and aphthoviruses.
Four Path to Success in the Hospitality Industry

Excerpt] The book you are about to read distills and shares the expertise of the faculty of the world's preeminent school focusing solely on hospitality industry education. Founded in 1922 at the specific request of the hotel industry, the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration is the oldest school of its kind and the only Hotel School within an Ivy League university. Our mission is to promote hospitality leadership, which we achieve through a combination of teaching, research, and industry collaboration. The 70 faculty members of the school seek to expand the state of knowledge in the industry—whether by creating new knowledge through research, teaching those who are eager to learn, or disseminating knowledge through consulting, writing, and presentations—and help develop the future leaders of the hospitality industry.
Activation of palmitic acid by human spermatozoa.

Human spermatozoa were studied to determine if a long chain fatty acid, CoASH ligase (AMP) (E.C. 6.2.1.3), was present. Ligase activity was measured with a radioligand millipore filter technique and was readily detectable in spermatozoa or in the protein fraction extracted with Triton X-100, but was not present in seminal plasma. The assay was optimized for pH, protein concentration, and incubation time. Activity was dependent upon palmitic acid, ATP, coenzyme A, and a divalent cation. Sperm ligase appeared similar to the ligase characterized from other tissues by sharing a common pH optimum (approximately 8.0-8.4), and a preference for magnesium over manganese in the incubation media.
Java Real-Time Publish-Subscribe Middleware for Distributed Embedded Systems

As the complexity of distributed embedded systems is increasing, and frequent upgrades and maintenance are expected, conventional communication models, such as point-to-point and the client-server model are not adequate to keep up with these trends. So we propose a generic Java real-time communication model based on the publish-subscribe model which has proper characteristics for distributed applications. The proposed Java publish-subscribe model has been implemented as middleware, named Java Embedded Bus (JEB). To easily support heterogeneous communication technologies, we propose a middleware-independent plug-and-play JEB device driver model. We have also prototyped the middleware on the demonstrative distributed embedded systems which comprised embedded machines and workstations connected by VME bus and Ethernet.
Observable effects of symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Within an isospin-dependent transport model for nuclear reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei, we perform a comparative study of $^{100}\mathrm{Sn}+^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ and $^{100}\mathrm{Zn}+^{124}\mathrm{Zn}$ reactions at beam energies of $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$ and $400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$ to identify optimal experimental conditions and observables for investigating the equation of state (EOS) of neutron-rich matter at the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). Several observables known to be sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy are examined as a function of impact parameter for both reaction systems. In particular, the strength of isospin transport∕diffusion is studied by using rapidity distributions of free nucleons and their isospin asymmetries. An approximate isospin equilibrium is established even for peripheral collisions with a very soft symmetry energy at $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$. At $400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$, however, a strong isospin translucency is observed even in most central collisions with either soft or stiff symmetry energies. Origins of these observations and their implications to determining the EOS of neutron-rich matter at the RIA are discussed.
A Research Proposal on the Origin Of Life. Closing Lecture given at the ISSOL Congress in Oaxaca, Mexico, on July 4, 2002

This paper describes some experiments the author would have liked to carry out if he had started earlier in the origin-of-life field. The proposal is preceded by a hypothetical outline of the main events in the origin of life. According to this outline, the emergence of life amounts to the transition between two kinds of chemistry: 1) cosmic chemistry, which is beginning to be understood and most likely provided the building blocks with which life was first constructed; and 2) biochemistry, the well-known set of enzyme-catalyzed metabolic reactions that support all living organisms today and must have supported the universal common ancestor, or LUCA, from which all known forms of life are derived. The pathway leading from one to the other of those two chemistries may be divided into three stages, defined as the pre-RNA, RNA, and protein-DNA stages. A brief summary of the events that may have occurred in these three stages and of the possible underlying mechanisms is given. It is emphasized that these events were chemical in nature and, especially, that they must have prefigured present-day biochemical processes. Protometabolism and metabolism, it is argued, must have been congruent. With congruence as the underlying working hypothesis, three problems open to experimental investigation are considered: 1) the involvement of peptides and other multimers as catalysts of early biogenic chemistry; 2) the participation of thioesters in primitive energy transactions; and 3) the influence of amino acids on the molecular selection of RNA molecules.
Accession and association: The effects of European integration and neoliberalism on rising inequality and kin‐neighbor reciprocity in the Republic of Macedonia

Since the dissolution of socialist Yugoslavia more than twenty years ago, there has been a monumental shift in economic policy and governance in the Republic of Macedonia. Though political rhetoric claims that markets are regulated by the state, the implementation of neoliberal policies has resulted in private interests taking control of industries that were formerly socially owned and managed. This process has led to significant inequality in the country, from disparities in wealth and opportunities to unemployment and poverty. In its largest wine region, Tikves, one finds evidence of the crossroads where habits of global consumption meet rural kinship structures in a unique geographical and political setting. As the country is seeking greater integration with the Euro–American alliance, the Macedonian case enables us to think about reciprocity and hospitality in terms of external, global impositions. However, it also shows resilience to such forces, where cultural traditions and customs (such as hospitality and reciprocity) not only remain but have been strengthened.
α-Tocopherol Concentrations in Plasma but not in Lipoproteins Fluctuate during the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Premenopausal Women

Because premenopausal women experience cyclic fluctuations of plasma carotenoids and their lipoprotein carriers, it was hypothesized that plasma α-tocopherol (A-T) fluctuates by phase of the menstrual cycle. Twelve free-living women, with a confirmed ovulatory cycle, were given a controlled diet for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Blood was drawn during the menses, early follicular, late follicular and luteal phases to simultaneously measure serum hormones, plasma lipoproteins and A-T concentrations, and A-T distribution in the lipoprotein fractions. Plasma A-T concentrations were significantly lower during menses than during the luteal phase by ∼12% in each controlled diet cycle (P < 0.001). Adjustment for serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations did not alter these findings. The distributions of A-T in lipoprotein cholesterol fractions were not significantly different by menstrual phase. From 61 to 62% of A-T was concentrated in the LDL fraction, with another 9-14% in HDL 2 , 17-22% in HDL 3 and the remaining 6-8% in VLDL+ IDL. There were no significant differences in lipoprotein cholesterol fractions by menstrual phase, except for a significant increase (P = 0.03) in HDL 2 cholesterol from the early follicular to the late follicular phase. Spearman rank correlations from data during the second controlled diet month showed A-T in HDL 2 in the late follicular phase was positively correlated with HDL cholesterol in the early follicular (r = 0.88), late follicular (r = 0.86) and luteal phases (r = 0.86) and with luteal apolipoprotein (ApoA-1) level (r = 0.90), and luteal HDL 2 cholesterol (r = 0.83). A-T in HDL 3 in the early follicular phase was negatively correlated with HDL 2 cholesterol (r = -0.96) and ApoA-1 (r = -0.85), whereas luteal A-T in HDL 3 was correlated with luteal HDL 3 cholesterol (r = -0.79). Late follicular A-T in VLDL was positively correlated with early follicular HDL 3 cholesterol and late follicular HDL 3 cholesterol (r = 0.83). Fluctuations of A-T concentrations by phase of the menstrual cycle should be taken into consideration in future research concerning premenopausal women and the risk of chronic disease.
Low temperature synthesis of ZnO nanowires by using a genetically-modified collagen-like triple helix as a catalytic template

A new biomimetic method to grow crystalline oxide semiconductor nanowires was investigated by templating collagen-like triple helix peptide nanowires. This bio-templating method could develop the semiconductor nanowire at low temperature and in monodisperse size. The triple helix was designed to be stable under the semicondcutor growth conditions due to the improved mechanical strength via optimization of the peptide sequence.
Tuberous sclerosis: CT findings and differential diagnosis

Abstract The CT findings in a patient with tuberous sclerosis are described with special emphasis upon the differential diagnosis. The presence of multiple bilateral subependymal nodular nonenhancing hyperdense calcified lesions is relatively characteristic of tuberous sclerosis when combined with the appropriate clinical findings. In some cases, cerebral cortical heterotopias are visualized as hypodense nonenhancing sub-ependymal lesions. The finding of a sub-ependymal giant cell astrocytoma is sometimes seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis, and the finding of a subependymal hyperdense enhancing lesion is consistent with this diagnosis.
Comparative study of the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance shifts of carbonyl and thiocarbonyl compounds

The 13C spectra of nine novel and fifteen known derivatives YC(:X)Z with X = O or S are reported and compared with literature data. Two linear relationships between 13CO and 13CS are established depending on whether or not Y or Z is linked through an O atom to the CX group. General equations for 13CO and 13CS in terms of the attached groups are also deduced. The 13C chemical shifts of n-butyl and n-octyl groups attached to the heteroatoms in this series of compounds are recorded and discussed.
Some aspects of the thermodynamic behavior of high-Tc oxide systems via EMF and related measurements

Abstract EMF measurements of oxygen fugacities as a function of stoichiometry have been made in the YBa2Cu3Ox, NdBa2Cu3Ox, and Nd1.81Ce0.19CuOx superconducting systems in the temperature range 400–750°C by means of an oxygen titration technique with a yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte. The object of our current measurements is to investigate the effect of ionic size of Y, and Nd on the immiscibility and other structural transitions in the LnBa2Cu3Ox system. The shape of the 400°C isotherm for Nd-Ba2Cu3Ox indicates that, if a miscibility gap is present, it exists at lower temperatures and at values of x that are higher than those for the miscibility gap we deduce in the YBa2Cu3Ox system. The relative locations of the miscibility gaps are consistent with the effects of ionic radii on the composition dependence of Tc for these systems. Our results explain the two plateaus in measured values of Tc as a function of composition for the YBa2Cu3Ox system an appear to be consistent with the less pronounced Tc plateau found for the NdBa2Cu3Ox system at higher values of stoichiometry, partial pressures of oxygen above NdBa2Cu3Ox are higher than for the YBa2Cu3Ox system. Results of limited measurements on the n-type (electron-doped) superconducting Nd1.81Ce0.19CuOx system will be presented, as well as a thermodynamic assessment and intercomparison of our oxygen partial pressure measurements with the results of other measurements.
Emotion traits in older suicide attempters and non-attempters.

Abstract Background: Emotion is a flourishing area of cross-disciplinary research that can inform traditional approaches to psychopathology. The present study examines emotion traits associated with attempted suicide in a depressed older sample. Methods: Seven emotion traits were compared in depressed inpatients, age 50 years or older, who either had made a suicide attempt after age 50 (n=47) or had never made a suicide attempt (n=38) as assessed by self-report and a review of available medical records. Results: In univariate analyses controlled for age and sex, late-life suicide attempters were lower in Warmth and Positive Emotions than non-attempters. However, only lower Anxiety was associated with attempter status when all seven emotion traits were included as predictors. Of the attempters, those who had made a greater number of attempts reported lower Positive Emotions and higher Anger/Hostility and Guilt, though only lower Positive Emotions had a significant effect independent of the other emotions. In a subsample of 41 patients whose index admission was precipitated by an attempt, lower Anger/Hostility was associated with higher intent to die, and lower Anger/Hostility and lower Guilt was associated with higher lethality of method. Limitations: The assessments of emotion traits may have been colored by transient moods, including, for the recent attempters, moods associated with the aftermath of their attempt. Participants who completed the key measures may not be representative of older attempters. Conclusions: Emotion traits are associated with suicidal behavior in older depressed patients, and the specific type of emotion and the direction of its association depends on the specific suicide variable examined. Emotion traits may be helpful in assessing suicide risk.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of strained AlGaInAs multi-quantum well lasers on InP

State of the art transparency currents as low as 41 A/cm2 per well have been achieved in strained AIGalnAs multi-quantum well (MQW) 1.5 urn lasers. Grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy, broad area lasers with seven quantum wells exhibit threshold current densities of less than 900 A/cm2 for a 300 μm device length, comparable to the best results in this material system by any growth technology. The key to this threshold current density reduction is the optimization of the quantum well width. Experimentally, we found that thresh-old current densities can be reduced by a factor of two by using MQW active regions with wider wells which we attribute to a reduction in the nonradiative recombination and improved electron-hole overlap. High resolution x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and broad area lasers were used to characterize the MQW active regions.
Amelioration of axis-aligned motion bias for active versus stationary judgments of bilaterally symmetric moving shapes' final destinations.

Recent research confirms that observers’ judgments of projected final destinations of axis—trajectory misaligned moving figures are biased in the direction of primary axis deviation from trajectory, a phenomenon we named the axis-aligned motion (AAM) bias. The present study tests whether this bias occurs in a large, immersive mixed-reality environment that enables active (mobile) responses in making judgments of shapes’ destinations. Like Morikawa (1999), we found that accuracy depended on axis—trajectory alignment and that there was a correspondence between final destination judgment error and the direction of axial deviation from the trajectory. Extending prior work, we found that comobile judgments were significantly more accurate than stationary ones for symmetric moving shapes, regardless of axial deviation, but only marginally so for asymmetric shapes. We conclude that our findings are ecologically consistent and that AAM is a natural regularity for which people have acquired a complementary perceptual—cognitive attunement: the AAM bias.
Extrapolation models on very short-term forecasts

This study compares the predictive accuracy of seven popular extrapolation models on 180 unconditional forecasts of 15 economic indicators reported at very short intervals (i.e., weekly). In total, over 1200 forecasts are generated. The models tested range in complexity from a simple random walk model to generalized adaptive filtering. It is shown that movements in series collected at such short intervals are dominated by random fluctuations. They appear to follow a random walk. As a result, extrapolation models, especially complex approaches, provide forecasts that are less accurate than are those provided by a simple random walk model. It is argued that shortening the interval at which a data series is collected (e.g., from quarterly to weekly) is an inappropriate means of dealing with the uncertainties encountered in longer-range forecasts. Instead, it merely trades one problem for another.
Synergism of Insecticides by Herbicides: Effect of Environmental Factors

The synergism of parathion and p,p '-DDT [ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-( p -chlorophenyl)ethane] by atrazine was investigated as a function of soil type, age of pesticide soil residues, and the presence of soils in quiet or turbulent water. Compared to previous tests in which the pesticides were applied on glass surfaces, a significant reduction of the toxicity of the insecticides to fruit flies and of the synergistic effects of atrazine was observed with soils, particularly a silt loam. The effects of atrazine as a synergist in soil declined rapidly within 4 days. The toxicity of parathion in water and its synergism by atrazine were significantly reduced by soil sediments, depending on the type and amount of soil present. Soils were highly effective in turbulent water: in water containing the relatively high parathion concentration of 0.3 part per million, 93 percent of the mosquito larvae present died within 24 hours, yet this solution was rendered nontoxic by being mixed with 5 grams of a loam soil. With atrazine present in the latter system, however, 38 percent of the mosquito larvae died. Thus, insecticides can be more or less toxic, depending on their concentrations, the presence of synergists, and the environmenetal conditions.
Discovery and preclinical profiling of 3-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]benzonitrile (PF-06447475), a highly potent, selective, brain penetrant, and in vivo active LRRK2 kinase inhibitor.

Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been genetically linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The most common LRRK2 mutation, G2019S, which is relatively rare in the total population, gives rise to increased kinase activity. As such, LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are potentially useful in the treatment of PD. We herein disclose the discovery and optimization of a novel series of potent LRRK2 inhibitors, focusing on improving kinome selectivity using a surrogate crystallography approach. This resulted in the identification of 14 (PF-06447475), a highly potent, brain penetrant and selective LRRK2 inhibitor which has been further profiled in in vivo safety and pharmacodynamic studies.
Morphologic magnetic resonance imaging features of therapy-induced cerebral necrosis

To describe the morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in histologically proven therapy-induced cerebral necrosis. We retrospectively reviewed the morphologic MRI findings in patients with therapy-induced cerebral necrosis. Images were reviewed for size, location, and characteristics of signal intensity abnormalities and T1-contrast enhancement. Images were also assessed for mass effect, necrosis, cyst, atrophy, cortical thinning, and leukoencephalopathy. The individual imaging characteristics were correlated with clinical and treatment variables. There were 44 patients. Seventy percent had a glioma, all patients had received radiation, and 57% had received chemotherapy in close proximity to radiation. All images demonstrated contrast enhancement, predominantly in the white matter. Enhancement was present in the periventricular/subependymal region in 50% of cases and the corpus callosum in 27%. The most common pattern of lesion peripheral enhancement was “spreading wavefront” and of interior enhancement was “Swiss cheese/soap bubble.” The enhancing lesion was single in 60% of cases. Mass effect was present in 93% of patients. Location and patterns of enhancement were significantly associated with the interval from brain radiation to the diagnosis of therapy-induced cerebral necrosis, tumor histology, patient age, type of radiation, and administration of systemic chemotherapy. This is the largest study of the morphologic conventional MRI findings in pathologically confirmed therapy-induced cerebral necrosis. We characterized the imaging findings in a variety of tumor types following a variety of radiation treatments and other antineoplastic therapy. These findings may be of value in identifying therapy-induced cerebral necrosis in patients treated for a brain tumor.
The Effects of Contextual Priming in Print Advertisements

This study investigated one particular way that contextual materials can affect the processing of ambiguous product information in print ads. It was proposed that prior exposure to contextual factors can prime certain product attributes and subsequently increase the likelihood that consumers interpret product information in terms of these activated attributes, thereby affecting the evaluation of the advertised brand. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis, and the results demonstrated that specific attributes relevant to evaluating the advertised brand varied in their accessibility as a function of the context and that these variations influenced brand attitudes.
Computerized Dressage Scheduling

Management science techniques are used to schedule classes, riders within classes, and judges among classes for dressage competitions. The procedure for scheduling judges is presented in detail. To date 16 nationally recognized competitions have been scheduled using these computerized procedures.
Reliability and validity of information from chronic heroin users.

Abstract Data on 12 life history variables obtained by interviews with 34 chronic heroin users at the time of admission to a treatment program were compared with data on the same variables obtained by later research interviews with the same subjects, and from other sources. The principal findings included: 1. (1) High percentages, 71 per cent or higher, of exact or approximate agreement between the two sources of information were found on nine of the 12 variables studied. This finding is consistent with reports of most previous studies by other investigators. 2. (2) With the exception of two variables, remarkably close agreement between the two sources was found in the estimates of central tendency and variability on the variables measured by interval scales. 3. (3) Noteworthy systematic discrepancy between the two sources was found on two variables: number of treatment interactions and number of arrests. The subjects underreported frequency of treatment and of arrest. 4. (4) Conditions which seemed to affect reliability of information included: refinement of measurement, misunderstanding of terms, elapsed time, repeated use, consequences of disclosure, the psychological defense of denial, and features of the interview 5. (5) Although the results of this study and of most previous studies show that chronic heroin users offen give reliable and valid life history information, uncritical acceptance seems as unwise as rejection of their statements.
Cognitive information levels, voter preferences, and local partisan political activity: A field experimental study on the effects of timing and order of message presentation

This article is based upon a factorial design field experiment conducted during the 1980 election campaign. The experiment was conducted to assess whether there is an optimal message strategy available to local party workers in their efforts to inform and persuade voters. The study assesses whether the timing of communications, i.e., near or distant to election day, and the order of message presentation, i.e., whether presenting important information early or late in a communication, have any effects upon voters' information levels and electoral decisions. The analysis supports an interpretation of recency effects, i.e., information presented last in a partisan appeal was more likely to facilitate information and persuasion effects than information positioned first. However, this finding was conditioned upon the timing of message presentation with appeals referencing familiar partisan material only effective near to election day and appeals referencing less familiar and nonpartisan material only effective further from election day.
Neutrino mass limits from SDSS, 2dFGRS and WMAP

Abstract We investigate whether cosmological data suggest the need for massive neutrinos. We employ galaxy power spectrum measurements from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS), along with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and 27 other CMB experiments. We also use the measurement of the Hubble parameter from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key Project. We find the sum of the neutrino masses to be smaller than 0.75 eV at 2 σ (1.1 eV at 3 σ ).
The effect of medical marijuana laws on crime: evidence from state panel data, 1990-2006.

BACKGROUND: Debate has surrounded the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes for decades. Some have argued medical marijuana legalization (MML) poses a threat to public health and safety, perhaps also affecting crime rates. In recent years, some U.S. states have legalized marijuana for medical purposes, reigniting political and public interest in the impact of marijuana legalization on a range of outcomes. METHODS: Relying on U.S. state panel data, we analyzed the association between state MML and state crime rates for all Part I offenses collected by the FBI. FINDINGS: Results did not indicate a crime exacerbating effect of MML on any of the Part I offenses. Alternatively, state MML may be correlated with a reduction in homicide and assault rates, net of other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: These findings run counter to arguments suggesting the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes poses a danger to public health in terms of exposure to violent crime and property crimes. Language: en