cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Special Education Eligibility: Developmental Precursors over the First Three Years of Life:

From the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care sample, two groups of children at age 36 months were examined—children identified by medical professionals as needing special services and children eligible for special services based on developmental assessments. Demographic information, children's behavioral functioning, mothers' psychological functioning, mother-child interactions, and quality of the home environment were examined. Early home environment and later behavior problems and children's health problems significantly contributed to the prediction model for membership in the group identified by medical professionals. Early home environment and socioeconomic status (SES) significantly contributed to the prediction model for the group identified based on developmental assessments. Results have implications for efforts to screen and detect young children likely to benefit from special education services.
Auditor Tenure, Fixed Fee Contracts, and the Supply of Substandard Single Audits

Our purpose is to provide empirical evidence of the relations between the quality of governmental audit services and auditor tenure and between quality and fixed fee audit contracts. Audit quality is assessed by Offices of Regional Inspectors General and is based on a review of the audit reports and supporting working papers. We test a model of quality supplied on a sample of audit engagements selected from a population of audited federal assistance programs. The empirical analysis finds that the probability of receiving a substandard audit increases with the length of the auditor-client relationship. Our analysis finds a positive relation between fixed fee contracts and the incidence of violations of professional standards among audits of federal assistance programs. Additionally, we provide evidence that the incidence of noncom-pliance with professional standards is significantly lower when the audit contract contains a provision for administrative and/or legal remedies in the event of substandard performance.
Interpersonal constructs and friendship form and structure

Abstract Two studies examined the relationships between indices of interpersonal construct development and friendship form and structure. In the first study respondents listed activities that they shared with two friends and wrote free-response accounts about why they shared these particular activities with their friends. The accounts were content analyzed. Subsequent analyses showed that both interpersonal construct differentiation and abstractness were positively related to the number of interpersonal attributions made about friendships. The second study examined the relationship between construct differentiation and structural characteristics of a person's friendship network. Initial correlation analyses showed that construct differentiation was associated with somewhat more segmented friendship networks. Further analyses showed that this effect was limited to ties between friends beyond the inner core. Together the studies suggest that interpersonal construct development is associated with qualitative...
Would donation undercut the morality of execution

Caplan (2011) argues against allowing prisoners to voluntarily donate organs (and other body parts) to save the lives of innocent people. After raising a problem for Caplan's general argument strat...
The effects of temperature and anesthetic agents on ciliary function in murine respiratory epithelia

Background: Mucus transport mediated by motile cilia in the airway is an important defense mechanism for prevention of respiratory infections. As cilia motility can be depressed by hypothermia or exposure to anesthetics, in this study we investigated the individual and combined effects of dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, and/or isoflurane at physiologic and low temperatures on cilia motility in mouse tracheal airway epithelia. These anesthetic combinations and low temperature conditions are often used in the setting of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, surgical repair of congenital heart disease and cardiac intensive care. Methods: C57BL/6J mouse tracheal epithelia were excised and cilia dynamics were captured by videomicroscopy following incubation at 15, 22-24, and 37°C with different combinations of therapeutic concentrations of dexmedetomidine (10nM), fentanyl (10nM), and isoflurane (0.01%). Airway ciliary motion was assessed and compared across conditions by measuring ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary flow velocity. Statistical analysis was carried out using unpaired t-tests, analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression. Results: There was a linear correlation between cilia motility and temperature. Fentanyl exerted ciliastimulatory effects, while dexmedetomidine and isoflurane each had ciliodepressive effects. When added together, fentanyl+isoflurane, dexmedetomidine+isoflurane, and dexmedetomidine+fentanyl+isoflurane were all ciliainhibitory. In contrast fentanyl+dexmedetomidine did not significantly alter ciliary function. Conclusions: We show ciliary motility is stimulated by fentanyl, but depressed by dexmedetomidine or isoflurane. However, when used in combination, ciliary motility showed changes indicative of complex drug-drug and drug-temperature interactions not predicted by simple summation of their individual effects. Similar studies are needed to examine the human airway epithelia and its response to anesthetics.
Intracellular marking of physiologically characterized cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the cat.

In the cat ventral cochlear nucleus, separate neuronal classes have been defined based on morphological characteristics; physiologically defined unit types have also been described based on the shape of post-stimulus-timehistograms in response to tone bursts at characteristic frequency. The aim of the present study was to address directly the issue of how morphological cell types relate to physiological unit types. We used intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase to stain individual neurons after their response characteristics were determined by intracellular recordings. The maintenance of a continuous negative resting potential, the correspondence of the calculated position of the electrode tip at the time of injection to the location of the stained neuron, and the similarity of response properties collected before and after the injection provide evidence that the injected, stained, and recovered neuron corresponds to the functionally defined unit. In the region around the nerve root in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, two “primarylike” and one “primarylike with notch” units were “bushy” cells. “Bushy” cells are characterized by primary dendrites arising from one hemisphere of the soma and ramifying repeatedly to produce their bushy dendritic arbor. In this same region, the “chopper” and two “on” units were also “bushy” cells. In the posteroventral cochlear nucleus, the “chopper” unit was a “stellate” cell and the “on” unit was an “octopus” cell. These results are partially consistent with previous conclusions based on correlations established between the regional distribution of physiological unit types and morphological cell types. More importantly, they confirm and extend recent intracellular marking data (Rhode et al., ’83b). If our classification schemes have functional significance, we are left with the conclusion that the distinction between “bushy” and “stellate” cells in the auditory nerve root region of the ventral cochlear nucleus does not correspond in any simple way to distinctions between physiological unit types. More than one morphological cell type can exhibit the same particular response pattern, and the same morphological cell type can exhibit several different response patterns.
Pressure-induced transition from localized electron toward band antiferromagnetism in LaMnO(3).

The temperature dependence of the ac susceptibility under pressure has been used to track the Neel temperature T N of the Mott insulators LaMnO 3 , CaMnO 3 , and YCrC 3 . Bloch's rule relating T N to volume V, viz., a = d logT N /d logV = -3.3, is obeyed in YCrO 3 and CaMnO 3 ; it fails in LaMnO 3 . This breakdown is interpreted to be due to a sharp increase in the factor [U - 1 + (2Δ) - 1 ] entering the superexchange perturbation formula. A first-order change at 7 kbar indicates that the transition from localized-electron to band magnetism is not smooth.
Variation in electrophysiology and morphology of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells.

Abstract A proportion of pyramidal cells in region CA3 of the mammalian hippocampus generate bursts of action potentials when stimulated with an intracellular injection of depolarizing current. Although a previous study has suggested that burst-type cells are more likely to be located in subregion CA3a than CA3b, it has been unclear if, or how, this burst-type firing was related to cell morphology. In the present study, a sample of pyramidal cells located in subregions CA3a, b and c were recorded intracellularly. Many of these cells were filled with Lucifer yellow, allowing correlation of gross morphology with electrophysiology. Contrary to previous results, it was determined that the proportion of cells which generated bursts did not differ significantly across CA3 subregions. It was found, however, that cells with somata located close to the stratum pyramidale (s.p.)/oriens border (‘deep’ cells) were more than twice as likely to generate burst-type responses than were cells located closer to stratum radiatum (‘shallow’ cells). One notable morphological feature of the deep cells was the greater length of the initial portion of their apical dendrite, as measured from soma to primary branching point. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that burst-type responses are generated or modulated by ion channels on this section of the dendrite.
Abstract LB-191: Loss of the wild-typeKrasallele enhances the cellular proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in a conditionalP16andKras mutantmouse model

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Discussion Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-191.
Selective Intermolecular Photo-[4 + 4]-cycloaddition with 2-Pyridone Mixtures. 2. Preparation of (1α,2β,5β,6α)-3-Butyl- 9-methoxy-3,7-diazatricyclo[4.2.2.22,5]dodeca-9,11-diene-4,8-dione

Photochemistry of 2-pyridone mixtures can be selective and thereby lead to useful quantities of [4 + 4] cycloaddition cross products. The selective intermolecular reaction described here employs an excess of 4-methoxy-2-pyridone (6), which does not photodimerize but will undergo [4 + 4] cycloaddition with 2-pyridones without a 4-methoxy group such as N-butyl-2-pyridone 12. Isolated yields of the trans product (1α,2β,5β,6α)-3-butyl-9-methoxy-3,7-diazatricyclo[4.2.2.22,5]dodeca-9,11-diene-4,8-dione (7) are very sensitive to the ratio of the two starting pyridones, and this product has been isolated in yields of up to 51%. This photoreaction produces, in a single step from simple aromatic precursors, a tricyclic product with four stereogenic centers and four distinct functional groups.
Heegard–Berger and Cascade Source Coding Problems With Common Reconstruction Constraints

In lossy source coding with side information at the decoder (i.e., the Wyner-Ziv problem), the estimate of the source obtained at the decoder cannot be generally reproduced at the encoder, due to its dependence on the side information. In some applications, this may be undesirable, and a common reconstruction (CR) requirement, whereby one imposes that the encoder and decoder be able to agree on the decoder's estimate, may be instead in order. The rate-distortion function under the CR constraint has been derived recently for a point-to-point (Wyner-Ziv) problem. In this paper, this result is extended to three multiterminal settings with three nodes, namely the Heegard-Berger (HB) problem, its variant with cooperating decoders, and the cascade source coding problem. The HB problem consists of an encoder broadcasting to two decoders with respective side information. The cascade source coding problem is characterized by a two-hop system with side information available at the intermediate and final nodes. For the HB problem with the CR constraint, the rate-distortion function is derived under the assumption that the side information sequences are (stochastically) degraded. The rate-distortion function is also calculated explicitly for three examples, namely Gaussian source and side information with quadratic distortion metric, and binary source and side information with erasure and Hamming distortion metrics. The rate-distortion function is then characterized for the HB problem with cooperating decoders and (physically) degraded side information. For the cascade problem with the CR constraint, the rate-distortion region is obtained under the assumption that side information at the final node is physically degraded with respect to that at the intermediate node. For the latter two cases, it is worth emphasizing that the corresponding problem without the CR constraint is still open. Outer and inner bounds on the rate-distortion region are also obtained for the cascade problem under the assumption that the side information at the intermediate node is physically degraded with respect to that at the final node. For the three examples mentioned above, the bounds are shown to coincide. Finally, for the HB problem, the rate-distortion function is obtained under the more general requirement of constrained reconstruction, whereby the decoder's estimate must be recovered at the encoder only within some distortion.
Grouping and the Imposition of Loss

In this article, I critically examine Peter Unger's arguments for the claim that there is a duty to cause physical harm to oneself and others in order to save lives. This includes discussion of his view that when the method of cases involves several rather than merely two options our intuitive judgements support his radical thesis. In conclusion, I consider his attempt to reconcile his claims with common sense moral judgements.
Effects of interleukin-6 on the expression of thyroid hormone-binding protein genes in cultured human hepatoblastoma-derived (Hep G2) cells.

T4-binding globulin (TBG) shares a high degree of homology with two serpin antiproteases, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT), whose synthesis is increased during the acute phase phenomenon, which accompanies trauma, infections, and neoplasms. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is believed to be the main effector of the acute phase response. When evaluated in human hepatoblastoma-derived (Hep G2) cells exposed to different doses of the recombinant human cytokine for variable time intervals, IL-6 caused a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the secretion of [35S]methionine-labeled TBG, transthyretin (TTR), and albumin. The secretion of ACT and AT was increased. These changes were not due to alterations in the secretory process, since the kinetics of secretion of newly synthesized proteins were not modified. IL-6 did, however, cause a decrease in the steady state levels of mRNA for TTR, TBG, and albumin and an increase in ACT and AT mRNAs. In addition, nuclear run-off assay demonstrated a decreas...
Macrolide therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to systematically review patient-reported outcomes of long-term macrolide therapy, compared with any other treatment, for adults with chronic rhinosinusitis.Data SourcesEMBASE and PubMed databases were searched in October 2011.Review MethodsA total of 1216 citations were screened initially by a single author, 23 full-text manuscripts were evaluated by 2 authors using structured data abstraction forms to assess for inclusion criteria and study quality, and 3 studies were included in the final review.ResultsThis review finds that 3 prospective clinical studies have evaluated the effect of macrolide therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. Based on the limited data, there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of long-term macrolide therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis.ConclusionFurther clinical research is needed to determine whether there may be a subgroup effect based on the underlying inflammatory disease process.
Direct Telephonic Communication in a Heart Failure Transitional Care Program: An observational study

Background: This study investigated the trend of phone calls in the Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center (BGSMC) Heart Failure Transitional Care Program (HFTCP). The primary goal of the HFTCP is to reduce 30-Day readmissions for heart failure patients by using a multi-pronged approach. Methods: This study included 104 patients in the HFTCP discharged over a 51-week period who had around-the-clock telephone access to the Transitionalist. Cellular phone records were reviewed. This study evaluated the length and timing of calls. Results: A total of 4398 telephone calls were recorded of which 39% were inbound and 61% were outbound. This averaged to 86 calls per week. During the “Weekday Daytime” period, Eighty-five percent of the totals calls were made. There were 229 calls during the “Weekday Nights” period with 1.5 inbound calls per week. The “Total Weekend” calls were 10.2% of the total calls which equated to a weekly average of 8.8. Conclusions: Our experience is that direct, physician-patient telephone contact is feasible with a panel of around 100 HF patients for one provider. If the proper financial reimbursements are provided, physicians may be apt to participate in similar transitional care programs. Likewise, third party payers will benefit from the reduction in unnecessary emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Cardiol Res. 2013;4(4-5):145-151 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/cr296e
Economic Influences on Legislative Elections in Multiparty Systems: France and Italy

For the United States, the issue of the impact of aggregate economic conditions on legislative election returns has received extensive research. For European countries, however, research is much less plentiful. In particular, multiparty systems such as France and Italy lack study. For both these nations, we find that worsening aggregate economic conditions significantly increase the legislative vote for leftist parties, which have traditionally played an opposition role. Further, these models seem strong enough to provide good prediction of the actual legislative vote share. For example, they manage to forecast the 1981 victory of the left in France, and the 1980 Communist party support in Italy.
Regulation of Ped gene expression by TAP protein

Abstract The Ped (Preimplantation embryo development) gene regulates fast or slow cleavage of preimplantation mouse embryos and their subsequent survival. The protein product of the Ped gene is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib protein Qa-2. MHC class I expression on the cell surface requires the assembly within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of an α heavy chain, a β 2 microglobulin light chain, and a small peptide. Small peptides are primarily produced in the cytosol by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and then are transported into the ER by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) protein. However, some peptides can bind to MHC class I heavy chains in a TAP-independent manner. In this study, we assessed whether TAP protein regulates Qa-2 expression on the cell surface of preimplantation mouse embryos thereby influencing the PED phenotype of the embryos. We chose Tap 1 knockout mice and their control mice (B6.129) as our experimental system. We analyzed Qa-2 mRNA expression by RT–PCR, total Qa-2 protein expression by Western blotting, and cell surface Qa-2 protein expression by Immuno-PCR in preimplantation embryos of both Tap 1 knockout mice and control mice. Then we determined the PED phenotype of both Tap 1 knockout mouse embryos and control mouse embryos. The results showed that Qa-2 expression on the cell surface of preimplantation embryos is dependent on TAP protein, and that Qa-2 expression on the cell surface is required for expression of the fast PED phenotype.
Detection of Skeletal Lesions by Whole Body Multidetector Computed Tomography in Multiple Myeloma has no Impact on Long-Term Outcomes Post Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, is the most common cancer to involve the skeleton. Skeletal related events such as pathologic fractures and lytic bone lesions have been associated with poor prognosis. Whole body multidetector computed tomography (WBCT) has been shown to be the most sensitive imaging modality in detecting small osteolytic lesions (< 5 mm) in the spine . The significance of lytic lesions detected only by CT is unknown as is their impact on overall survival of MM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of lytic bone lesions seen only by WBCT on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in MM patients after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Method s: We evaluated 72 patients who had WBCT and conventional radiographic skeletal survey (CSS) after initial or salvage chemotherapy prior to HCT. Results: Forty-one patients (57%) had more findings on WBCT than CSS, 31 patients (43%) had no differences in the two imaging techniques, 9 patients had no bone lesions on either modality, and 5 patients had lesions only identified by WBCT and not on CSS. PFS and OS were similar in patients with lesions seen by CSS irrespective of whether additional lesions were noted by WBCT; similarly, in patients without lesions on CSS, OS and PFS were better than patients with lytic lesions, but detection of occult lesions by WBCT did not adversely affect PFS or OS. Conclusions: Our study shows that although WBCT is more sensitive in defining existing myelomatous bony disease in MM, these additional findings may not have any impact on PFS and OS of MM patients. Only patients without any bone lesions on conventional skeletal survey had significantly better PFS and OS. This suggests CSS remains the gold standard for evaluating myeloma bone disease. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/wjon551w
Fusion and Quality Analysis for Remote Sensing Images Using Contourlet Transform

Recent developments in remote sensing technologies have provided various images with high spatial and spectral resolutions. However, multispectral images have low spatial resolution and panchromatic images have low spectral resolution. Therefore, image fusion techniques are necessary to improve the spatial resolution of spectral images by injecting spatial details of high-resolution panchromatic images. The objective of image fusion is to provide useful information by improving the spatial resolution and the spectral information of the original images. The fusion results can be utilized in various applications, such as military, medical imaging, and remote sensing. This paper addresses two issues in image fusion: i) image fusion method and ii) quality analysis of fusion results. First, a new contourlet-based image fusion method is presented, which is an improvement over the wavelet-based fusion. This fusion method is then applied to a case study to demonstrate its fusion performance. Fusion framework and scheme used in the study are discussed in detail. Second, quality analysis for the fusion results is discussed. We employed various quality metrics in order to analyze the fusion results both spatially and spectrally. Our results indicate that the proposed contourlet-based fusion method performs better than the conventional wavelet-based fusion methods.
Endothelial bound lipoprotein lipase (LpL) depletion in hypoalbuminemia results from decreased endothelial binding, not decreased secretion

Hypertriglyceridemia in nephrotic (NS) and Nagase analbuminemic rats (Analb) results from reduced triglyceride clearance. NS and Analb have reduced or absent albumin, reduced plasma oncotic pressure (π), but Analb lack proteinuria. The heparin releasable lipoprotein lipase (LpL) pool in both models is greatly reduced, suggesting reduced LpL is related to low albumin or π and not proteinuria. To determine the cause of endothelial LpL reduction, we studied effectors of endothelial LpL (eLpL) levels from gene expression, to delivery and endothelial binding. eLpL was measured as heparin releasable activity. eLpL and secretion rate was measured in isolated hearts perfused with heparin. mRNA levels were measured in rat hearts by kinetic RT-PCR. Finally, binding of 125I-LpL by competition assays rat endothelial cells measured serum-induced changes in affinity. eLpL in vivo was reduced in nephrotic and Analb rats. While the eLpL pool was reduced in isolated perfused hearts, neither LpL secretion by isolated hearts nor myocardial mRNA was reduced in NS or Analb. Binding of LpL to RAEC preincubated with serum from either NS or Analb was reduced compared to control. LpL mRNA levels and release rate was not altered in hearts from NS rats, while eLpL is depleted, suggesting that reduced eLpL in NS is not the result of reduced delivery. The finding that NS serum alters LpL binding to RAEC suggests LpL depletion results from decreased binding rather than defective delivery. This in turn is a consequence of reduced serum albumin or π but does not require proteinuria.
Root Sum Square Approximation Of Source Aperture Convolved With Decollimation

The image of a circular source aperture is convolved with a Gaussian representing the random errors in the optics. The convolution is Fourier transformed. The transform of the aperture image is approximated as a Gaussian. The approximation introduces little error into the inverse Fourier transform which returns the convolution to real space. Thus, the spot diameter is given by: (Total Random and b = Image Decoll 4a )1a2 + b2 where a = Decoll 4σ Diam ) ' where a is the characteristic radius of the Gaussian and 4o is the diameter which encloses 86.5% of the incident light flux. The approximation introduces less than 2% error in the (4σ) total decollimation. The approximation is generalized to include diffraction effects due to the diameter of the optics.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Today's Training in the High Technology Arena

To keep in tune with the rapidly changing 'Hardware' technology, it is imperative that all of the supporting components of a program's efforts reflect these increases in technology. To maintain a work force that keeps in tune with the ever increasing technology base, training needs to remain a major consideration in all types of organizations. This paper focuses on the area of training and education and suggests a reasonable, cost effective alternative to carrying the entire burden of developing, training and maintaining a workforce in a rapidly changing, highly technological environment.
Endovascular closure of a hemiportocaval shunt after small‐for‐size adult‐to‐adult left lobe living donor liver transplantation

Adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation is an accepted treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease. It is generally acknowledged that a graft weight to recipient body weight ratio > 0.8 is required in order to prevent the development of small-for-size syndrome. Size mismatch, however, is not the only factor responsible for the syndrome; instead, it results from a combination of factors, including the size, recipient status, and degree of portal hypertension. The ability to modulate the portal venous inflow has sparked renewed interest in the left lobe graft. We have used the hemiportocaval shunt, as described by Troisi et al. (Am J Transplant 2005;5:1397-1404), in left lobe living donor liver transplants in order to prevent small-for-size syndrome while enhancing the safety of the donor operation. In this report, we describe a novel technique for occluding a hemiportocaval shunt in a patient who developed hepatic encephalopathy after receiving a small-for-size left lobe liver allograft from a living donor.
Eye-Movement Responses to Step and Pulse-Step Stimuli

A spot of light is presented to an observer who tracks its movement visually, doing so as quickly and accurately as possible. The positions of the eye are continuously recorded so that direction and magnitude of eye movements as a function of time can be assessed. Without warning, the target spot steps from its resting position, moving 6° horizontally to one side, followed after a time W by a 12° step in the opposite direction. The result is a pulse-step pattern of target motion with the time interval W msec defining the pulse duration. The directions of the pulse and step are always opposite but otherwise are unpredictable. Trials consisting of pulses followed by steps are intermixed randomly with a larger number of trials consisting of 6° steps alone. The experiments demonstrate that the visual system is sometimes able to cancel an eye-movement response to a pulse, on the basis of information contained in the subsequent step, to which it responds instead. As the step is delayed by progressively longer pulses, the probability increases that a response to the pulse will occur. If a response does occur in the direction of the step, it begins about 325 msec after the beginning of the step. This latency is independent of pulse time W and is about 40 msec longer than the latency of responses to steps presented alone. It is concluded that the visual system utilizes this 40 msec to operate upon a latent response to a pulse, and thereby to cancel its overt manifestation (eye movement) before initiating a response to the second, incompatible stimulus.
An Index to Zoological Genera

THE Smithsonian Institution at Washington will publish at an early day an index, in one alphabet, to all genera hitherto proposed in zoology, whether for recent or fossil animals. It is to be based upon the “Nomenclators” of Agassiz and Marschall and the indexes to the Zoological Record. The name of the genus will be followed by the name of its proposer, the order to which it is referred, the date of its publication, and the symbols A., M., Z., or App, (to indicate that a full reference may be found in [A.] Agassiz's “Nomenclator,” [M.] Marschall's “Nomenclator,” [Z.] the Zoological Record, or [App.] the Appendix to the proposed work), thus:—
Marine post‐smolt growth and age at maturity of Atlantic salmon

The annual variation in sea-age of maturation for a hatchery dependent stock of Atlantic salmon was compared to variation in post-smolt growth as evidenced by circuli spacing patterns. The proportion of returns of 1-seawinter (1 SW) and 2 SW salmon and the fraction of the smolt year class or cohort that maturated as 1 SW fish, were compared to seasonal growth indices determined from circuli spacing on the scales of smolt class survivors returning as 1 SW and 2 SW spawners. Using image processing techniques, we extracted inter-circuli distances from scales from 2244 recaptured fish. Spacing data for the first year at sea were collected and then expressed as seasonal growth indices for the spring period, when post-smolts first enter the ocean; the summer, when growth appears maximal; and winter, when growth appears to be at a minimum. In general, circuli spacings were wider for 1 SW than for the 2 SW returns of the same smolt cohort. The 1 SW fraction was significantly and positively correlated with late summer growth, suggesting that growth during this season is pivotal in determining the proportion of a smolt class that matures early.
Off-Design Reynolds Number Effects for a Supersonic Transport

A high Reynolds number wind tunnel test was conducted to assess Reynolds number effects on the aerodynamic performance characteristics of a realistic, second-generation supersonic transport concept. The tests included longitudinal studies at transonic and low-speed, high-lift conditions across a range of chord Reynolds numbers (8 million to 120 million). Results presented focus on Reynolds number and static aeroelastic sensitivities at Mach 0.30 and 0.90 for a configuration without a tail. Static aeroelastic effects, which mask Reynolds number effects, were observed. Reynolds number effects were generally small and the drag data followed established trends of skin friction as a function of Reynolds number. A more nose-down pitching moment was produced as Reynolds number increased because of an outward movement of the inboard leading-edge separation at constant angles of attack. This study extends the existing Reynolds number database for supersonic transports operating at off-design conditions.
Preparation of functionalized derivatives of benzimidazole: albendazole and its sulfoxide and sulfone

Abstract A series of substituted benzimidazoles, especially albendazole and its oxodidized derivatives, have been prepared with pendant carboxylic acid functional groups attached to three different positions of the benzimidazole ring. The acids were converted to reactive esters with 3-hydroxysuccinimide and DCC and coupled to proteins.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Younger and Older Children: Implications for Learning and School Functioning

Few studies have examined differences between younger and older children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study examined differences between children with GAD who were younger than the typical age of onset (i.e., ages 7–9) and children with GAD who were within the age range for typical age of onset (i.e., ages 10–13). These groups, defined as “younger” versus “older,” did not differ on demographic variables, but the older group had lower intelligence quotients. At the same time, mean values for both groups fell within the average range. Older children with GAD generally reported similar levels of worry as younger children with the exception of greater school-related worry, trouble paying attention, and getting upset easily. Younger children reported greater harm avoidance than older children. Parent reports did not generally differ between groups with the exception of greater perfectionism in younger children and greater school competence issues for older children. Teachers reported greater learning problems and less happiness in older children. Overall, limited differences were found on GAD severity and impairment, but some differences were found on cognitive and school functioning variables (e.g., intelligence, school-related worry, learning problems, school competence) and parent–child agreement on worry. Further, such differences did not appear to be accounted for by comorbid disorders or other variables. Overall, these findings suggest that GAD may be associated with different characteristics in younger and older children. Future studies, particularly prospective studies, are needed to understand the development of GAD and associated impairments such as academic functioning.
The legal Heresiarchs: Luban's The Good Lawyer

David Luban has edited and contributed to an excellent set of essays by a distinguished group of practitioners, academic lawyers, and philosophers.' The Good Lawyer is the result of a three-year research project on lawyers' ethics. Dedicated to the late Robert J. Kutak, one of the group's members, the book is a closely focused examination of issues surrounding the conflicts between a lawyer's professional role and a lawyer's personal morality. The book is exceedingly well edited, and several essays are elegantly written. Its mix of lawyers and philosophers works. The contributors respond and refer to each other on important points without being tedious. There is little repetition, as the essayists illuminate different aspects of the dilemma between being a good lawyer and a good person. The lawyers and philosophers speak to each other harmoniously, and they are not patronizing. If there is one criticism, it is that there is little controversy among the authors. Since these essays go contrary to the conventional wisdom about legal ethics,2 a more orthodox position should be represented. However, introducing a polar position would weaken the harmony and cohesion of the book and offer little new knowledge or information. I believe that agnosticism or antagonism for the sake of controversy is a poor trade. Professor Luban provides an introduction (at 1) that briefly and helpfully summarizes the book and places the debate in the context of contemporary moral philosophy. Part one, "The Morality of Roles" (at 25), directly pre-
Getting Ready for Preschool: Linking Early Intervention and Family Mental Health for Infants and Toddlers with Developmental Delay

We propose that EI presents a unique opportunity to strengthen family interactions, minimize mental health problems, and prepare infants and toddlers with DD for preschool. Accordingly, we are collaborating with EI agencies and providers to examine usability, feasibility, acceptability, and outcome of infusing empirically-supported mental health treatment components within the state-funded EI service model. These efforts align with current national priorities, reflected by early intervention components of the Affordable Care Act, and are proposed to reduce mental health disparities and improve outcomes for families at highest risk.
Electrical Resistivity of the Ni - Pd Alloy System between 300°K and 730°K

Electrical resistivity measurements have been made on alloys of Ni and Pd from room temperature to 730\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The maximum in the resistivity was found to shift from 70 atomic percent Pd 30 atomic percent Ni at room temperature, to the 50-50 composition at temperatures where all the specimens are paramagnetic. At these elevated temperatures it was found that Matthiessen's rule is obeyed over the entire range of compositions. The general behavior may be interpreted in terms of the dependence of $s\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering upon temperature and composition.
Detection of foodborne pathogens using bioconjugated nanomaterials

This review focuses on applying nanotechnology to foodborne pathogen detection. Because of low infectious doses for most foodborne pathogens, the rapid and sensitive detection methods are essential to ensure the food safety. The advances in the development of nanomaterials have stimulated worldwide research interests in their applications for bioanalysis. The conjugation of biomolecules with nanomaterials is the foundation of nano-biorecognition. A variety of strategies including antibody–antigen, adhesin–receptor, antibiotic, and complementary DNA sequence recognitions have been explored for specific recognition between target bacterial cells and bio-functionalized nanomaterials. The incorporation of these bio-functionalized nanomaterials into current pathogen detection methods has led to rapid and nearly real-time pathogen detection (as short as a few minutes), improved sensitivity (single bacterial cell), and simultaneous detection of multiple micro-organisms from either nutrient broth, liquid or solid food products, or biofilms. The unique properties of nanomaterials in physical strength, chemical reactivity, electrical conductance, magnetism and optical effects make them promising in the development of practical biosensors with emphasis on device portability and simplicity in sample preparation, and the improvement of current pathogen detection methods.
Preferential sequestration of microbial carbon in subsoils of a glacial-landscape toposequence, Dane County, WI, USA

Microorganisms participate in soil carbon storage by contributing biomass in the form of refractory microbial cell components. However, despite the important contribution of microbial biomass residues to the stable carbon pool, little is known about how the contribution of these residues to soil carbon storage varies as a function of depth. In this study, we evaluated microbial residue biomarkers (amino sugars) in varied pedogenic horizons from six soil profiles of two geographic sites on a glacial-landscape toposequence in Dane County, WI. We found that the amino sugars appeared to preferentially accumulate in subsoil. Specifically, although total amounts of amino sugars decreased downward through the profile as even as total organic carbon did, the rate of decrease was significantly lower, suggesting that these compounds are more refractory than general soil organic carbon. The proportion of amino sugars to soil organic carbon increased along the depth gradient (from top to bottom), with the exception of Bg horizons associated with high water tables. We also observed that microbial residue patterns measured by amino sugar ratio (e.g., glucosamine to muramic acid) showed different dynamic tendencies in the two different geographic sites, suggesting that residue carbon contribution by fungi and bacteria is likely site-specific and complex. In summary, regardless of the redox microenvironment created by groundwater dynamics in a given soil, our study supports the hypothesis that microbial residues are refractory and that they contribute to terrestrial carbon sequestration.
A clarified gel for crystal growth

A procedure for preparing clarified sodium silicate gels suitable for crystal growth is described. In the method described here, the silicate stock is clarified by pretreating it with cation exchange resins before preparing the gels. Also, a modified recipe is proposed for preparing gels to achieve improved transparency.
Magnetic properties of one-dimensional spin 12 ferromagnets: Metamagnetic behavior of (C6H11NH3)CuCl3

Abstract A new pseudo-one-dimensional spin 1 2 ferromagnetic system, (C 6 H 11 NH 3 )CuCl 3 , is described. The salt contains bibridged linear chains, separated by the organic cations. The isotropic exchange constant is found to be J / k = 53 K . Below 2.18 K, the system orders antiferromagnetically, and has a weak ferromagnetic moment along the a axis. A metamagnetic transition is found for H ‖ b : H c = 96 Oe . The spin anisotropy is approximately 1.3 × 10 -2 while the ratio of interchain to intrachain coupling is 1.3 × 10 -3 .
Transient response of tin microstrips to supercritical current pulses

We have measured the transient response of tin microstrips to short current pulses whose amplitude exceeded the dc critical current I c of the sample. The current pulses were generated by an electro-optic switching technique. The voltage across the microstrip was measured indirectly by integrating the sample into a transmission line and measuring the transmission characteristics. For a fixed pulse duration, no voltage was measured until a threshold I c1 (>I c ) was reached. Above I c1 , the voltage developed at a delay time of τ d . When current amplitude exceeded a second threshold I c2 , the voltage onset occurred with no observable delay. These results were partially explained by existing theories that employed TDGL calculations.
Efficient signature matching with multiple alphabet compression tables

Signature matching is a performance critical operation in intrusion prevention systems. Modern systems express signatures as regular expressions and use Deterministic Finite Automata (DFAs) to efficiently match them against the input. In principle, DFAs can be combined so that all signatures can be examined in a single pass over the input. In practice, however, combining DFAs corresponding to intrusion prevention signatures results in memory requirements that far exceed feasible sizes. We observe for such signatures that distinct input symbols often have identical behavior in the DFA. In these cases, an Alphabet Compression Table (ACT) can be used to map such groups of symbols to a single symbol to reduce the memory requirements.In this paper, we explore the use of multiple alphabet compression tables as a lightweight method for reducing the memory requirements of DFAs. We evaluate this method on signature sets used in Cisco IPS and Snort. Compared to uncompressed DFAs, multiple ACTs achieve memory savings between a factor of 4 and a factor of 70 at the cost of an increase in run time that is typically between 35% and 85%. Compared to another recent compression technique, D2FAs, ACTs are between 2 and 3.5 times faster in software, and in some cases use less than one tenth of the memory used by D2FAs. Overall, for all signature sets and compression methods evaluated, multiple ACTs offer the best memory versus run-time trade-offs.
Graphics and managerial decision making: research-based guidelines

Graphical charts are generally thought to be a superior reporting technique compared to more traditional tabular representations in organizational decision making. The experimental literature, however, demonstrates only partial support for this hypothesis. To identify the characteristics of the situations that have been shown to benefit from the use of graphics, existing studies are reviewed in terms of the type of task used, the format employed, and the user experience. The examination of the literature reveals a set of empirically based—though preliminary—guidelines as to when and how to use business graphics.
Economic dynamics of reservoir sedimentation management: Optimal control with singularly perturbed equations of motion

Abstract We analyze the economic dynamics of reservoir sedimentation management using the hydrosuction-dredging sediment-removal system. System dynamics depend on two interdependent hydraulic processes evolving at different rates. The accumulation of water impounded in the reservoir evolves on a ‘fast’ time scale, while the loss of water storage capacity to trapped sediments evolves on a ‘slow’ time scale. We formulate a multidimensional optimal control problem with singularly perturbed equations of motion to accommodate the disparate time scales. We apply singular perturbation methods to approximate (via polynomial series expansion) a ‘slow’ manifold reducing multi-dimensional solution space to the single-dimensional subspace confining long-term dynamics.
Metabolism of alkyl glyceryl ethers and their noninvolvement in alkane biosynthesis in plants.

Abstract [1- 14 C]Octadecyl glyceryl ether did not label alkanes in the leaves of Brassica oleracea and Pisum sativum while [1- 14 C]octadecanol and [1- 14 C]octadecanoic acid readily labeled the alkanes. About 40% of the exogenous-labeled glyceryl ether was incorporated intact into choline phosphatide while 10–20% was converted into fatty acids and alcohols. [1- 14 C]octadecanol was not converted into alkyl glyceryl ether, but it was oxidized to the corresponding acid and then incorporated into alkanes. These results show that alkyl ether is not an intermediate in alkane biosynthesis. When [1- 14 C-1- 3 H]-octadecanol was fed to the leaves of B. oleracea and P. sativum , only the 14 C and no 3 H was incorporated into alkanes, ketones, and secondary alcohols. These results show that fatty alcohols are first oxidized to the acid before being incorporated into alkanes, ruling out fatty alcohol, alkyl ether, and alk-1-enyl ether as intermediates in alkane biosynthesis. The exogenous alcohols were also readily esterified into wax esters in both tissues.