cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric venous thrombosis treated with urokinase via the superior mesenteric artery

A 77-year-old man with a history of multiple surgically treated malignancies presented with increasing abdominal pain after eating. Computerized tomographic scan showed superior mesenteric vein and portal vein thrombosis. The patient was treated with selective superior mesenteric artery infusion of urokinase resulting in clinical improvement and near complete resolution of the mesenteric venous thrombosis. An underlying gastric malignancy was found and is believed to be the cause of the patient's hypercoagulable state. Direct infusion of urokinase into the superior mesenteric artery for treatment of mesenteric venous thrombosis is an alternative to surgery in selected patients and an alternative to the much more complicated delivery systems presently used.
A ‘continuous improvement’-based approach for the assessment of student learning

Student learning is primarily a function of teacher centric and institution centric processes. For sustained gains in student learning, it is important to have a feedback mechanism between ‘teaching’ and ‘assessment’, which we have addressed through the adoption of continuous improvement (CI) philosophy. In this paper, through assessment of student performance, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the application of CI theory for teacher centric processes particularly in attaining student learning related goals by the adoption of plan, do, check and act (PDCA) cycle to one of the quantitative methods courses that we teach. The demonstration of the application of CI theory for teacher centric processes could be easily extended to other facets of student learning not explicitly considered in this research paper for the holistic treatment of the issue of student learning.
The effect of impurities on syngas combustion

Abstract The effects of chemical impurities on the combustion of syngas were investigated, focusing on CH 4 , a common component of syngas, and trimethylsilanol (TMS), an unstudied impurity related to those common to landfill-based syngas. Ignition properties were systematically investigated at high-pressure low-temperature conditions relevant to gas turbine combustor operation using the University of Michigan Rapid Compression Facility. Pressure time history measurements and high-speed imaging of the ignition process in this facility were used to determine auto-ignition delay times and observe ignition behaviors. The four simulated syngas mixtures used were (1) pure syngas: 30% H 2 , 70% CO fuel volume, (2) syngas with CH 4 : 27% H 2 , 67% CO, 6% CH 4 , (3 & 4) pure syngas with 10 or 100 ppm TMS, all with fuel-to-O 2 equivalence ratios ( φ ) of 0.1 at air dilution (i.e. molar O 2 to inert gas ratio of 1:3.76), and N 2 as the primary diluent gas. The pressures after compression were 5 & 15 atm with temperatures of ∼1010–1110 K respectively. The results uniquely illustrated the occurrence of two-step ignition behavior at higher pressures, with two distinct regions of heat release and pressure rise. First and second auto-ignition delay times were therefore defined and interestingly the times were affected differently by the addition of impurities. The addition of CH 4 consistently increased auto-ignition delay times up to 40% at 15 atm, while increasing delay times at 5 atm by up to a factor of three. Conversely, the addition of 10 ppm TMS impurity addition caused a consistent decrease of ∼10–30% delay times at 15 atm with insignificant impact at 5 atm, and 100 ppm TMS impurity caused consistent decreases of 50–70% at 15 atm and 20–30% decreases at 5 atm. The marked pressure dependence of the auto-ignition delay time, typical for syngas at these conditions, was virtually eliminated for the 100 ppm TMS mixture. Kinetic modeling suggests that the promoting effects of TMS are related to enhanced consumption and/or reduced production of HO 2 . The impact of TMS is remarkably similar to that for SiH 4 in pure H 2 , suggesting a possible trend for poorly understood Si-based species to promote auto-ignition in syngas and hydrogen mixtures.
Dopamine D2 synthesis-modulating receptors are present in the striatum of the guinea pig.

Abstract Dopamine and selective agonists of D 1 [(1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrochloride, SKF 38393] and D 2 [(3-[2-[ N -(3-hydroxyphenylethyl)- N -propylamino]ethyl] phenol, RU 24926] receptors were examined as inhibitors of the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum of the guinea pig. In soluble enzyme preparations, the agonists were weak inhibitors of the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase. However, the catechol-containing agonists dopamine (EC 50 = 44.7 μ M) and SKF 38393 (EC 50 = 35.5 μ M) were more potent than the non-catechol agonist RU 24926 (EC 50 = 447 μ M). All of the agonists were much more potent in synaptosome-rich preparations of guinea pig striatum, where stimulation of autoreceptors mediated inhibition of the enzyme (SKF 38393, D 1, EC 50 = 27 nM; RU 24926, D 2 , EC 50 = 30nM; dopamine, non-selective, EC 50 = 1.5 μ M). The D 1 antagonist, SCH 23390 [(R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(-−)-3-benzazepine hydrochloride], did not significantly reduce the action of SKF 38393 or dopamine. Furthermore, the D 2 antagonist, (—)-sulpiride, significantly antagonized the inhibitory activity of both RU 24926 and dopamine. Studies in synaptosome-rich preparations from the striatum of the rat showed that both SKF 38393 (EC 50 = 398 nM) and RU 24926 (EC 50 = 58 nM) were also effective autoreceptor-mediated inhibitors of the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat. However, in the rat, SCH 23390 and (−)-sulpiride were equally effective in attenuating the inhibitory actions of dopamine. These results suggest that: (1) dopamine autoreceptors, similar to the D 2 type, modulate tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum of the guinea pig. (2) In the striatum of the rat, dopamine synthesis-modulating autoreceptors are either a heterogeneous population of D 1 , and D 2 receptors or a single population of receptors, with combined features of classic D 1 and D 2 receptors.
Introducing the new industrial engineer

Abstract During the last couple of decades, we industrial engineers have typically learned FORTRAN, plus a simulation language or two, gathered together a few optimization programs, and have proclaimed ourselves computer users and, in some cases, even computer experts. Ours has been a somewhat passive expertise, however. That is, with the possible exception of contributions to simulation language development, industrial engineers have not been in the forefront of the wave of computer developments. This has not been entirely our fault. Computers were expensive and hard to justify; utilization was often inconvenient; processing and turnaround was slow; input and output media were few and often unreliable; program development via cards was lengthy, painstaking and cumbersome; and implementation was usually suspect and unpopular. But a funny thing happened in the last few years. Computers, which are so necessary for so many IE-type functions, suddenly became…(a) inexpensive, (b) acceptable, (c) abundant, (d) popular, (e) prominent and most important of all (f) necessary. Industry's key catchword of “profitability” was replaced by “productivity” and suddenly the IE and his stock-in-trade were once more thrust into the forefront. But the tools of days past are no longer enough. The computer will be our constant companion from now on, not as it has been in the past, but as we are innovative enough to make it in the future. This paper is about the computer, computer languages, computer innovations and computer uses, but mostly it is about the new industrial engineer and the environment in which he must exist. It is about the challenges, the opportunities and the direction of the trully modern IE and the role he must play.
Green purchasing practices of US firms

Over the last two decades, growing concerns about eroding ecosystem quality have led to a renewed interest in environmentalism. Such concerns have prompted purchasing professionals to reassess their current purchasing strategy. To help purchasing professionals configure an environmentally conscious (green) purchasing strategy, the empirical findings from a survey of US firms with greater environmental risks are reported. Based on the empirical findings, aims to identify variables that either promote or inhibit the successful implementation of green purchasing and to evaluate the effects of green purchasing on the firm’s supplier selection, waste management, packaging, and regulatory compliance.
The Use of Venous Access Devices in Pediatric Oncology Nursing Practice

Venous access devices have been in use since 1973 and have made a tremendous impact on care of children with malignancies to facilitate the delivery of complex medical care and minimize the trauma associated with cancer therapy. During the past 20 years the variety and complexity of available devices has resulted in an increased demand for technical knowledge and expertise to prevent complications and assure safe use. This article reviews the various devices, complications and implications for nursing practice, and recommendations for pediatric nursing regarding patient/parent self-care and developmental safety issues.
Genetic evidence for a second domestication of barley (Hordeum vulgare) east of the Fertile Crescent

Cereal agriculture originated with the domestication of barley and early forms of wheat in the Fertile Crescent. There has long been speculation that barley was domesticated more than once. We use differences in haplotype frequency among geographic regions at multiple loci to infer at least two domestications of barley; one within the Fertile Crescent and a second 1,500–3,000 km farther east. The Fertile Crescent domestication contributed the majority of diversity in European and American cultivars, whereas the second domestication contributed most of the diversity in barley from Central Asia to the Far East.
Some Algorithms for Eigensubspace Estimation

An important tool in signal processing is the use of eigenvalue and singular value decompositions for extracting information from time-series/sensor array data. These tools are used in the so-called subspace methods that underlie solutions to the harmonic retrieval problem in time series and the directions-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem in array processing. The subspace methods require the knowledge of eigenvectors of the underlying covariance matrix to estimate the parameters of interest. Eigenstructure estimation in signal processing has two important classes: (i) estimating the eigenstructure of the given covariance matrix and (ii) updating the eigenstructure estimates given the current estimate and new data. In this paper, we survey some algorithms for both these classes useful for harmonic retrieval and DOA estimation problems. We begin by surveying key results in the literature and then describe, in some detail, energy function minimization approaches that underlie a class of feedback neural networks. Our approaches estimate some or all of the eigenvectors corresponding to the repeated minimum eigenvalue and also multiple orthogonal eigenvectors corresponding to the ordered eigenvalues of the covariance matrix. Our presentation includes some supporting analysis and simulation results. We may point out here that eigensubspace estimation is a vast area and all aspects of this cannot be fully covered in a single paper. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
Direct Quantification of the Effects of Osmolytes on Protein Unfolding and Refolding Pathways using AFM Techniques

There is considerable interest in developing new effective therapies based on small molecules for the treatment of devastating pathologies, such as Alzheimer, Huntington and Parkinson diseases. Osmolytes are a class of small organic molecules found in all taxa that can profoundly affect protein stability and aggregation. Osmolytes such as sorbitol or trimethylamine-N- oxide can act as “chemical chaperones” by increasing the stability of native proteins, assisting refolding of unfolded polypeptides, inhibiting protein aggregation. However, the mechanism of protecting osmolytes action on protein folding and stability remains controversial, where the protein backbone seems to play a key role. Here we used single-molecule AFM to systematically analyze the effect of several naturally occurring osmolytes (sorbitol, sarcosine, TMAO, inositol, trehalose, proline, glycerol, and taurine) on the stability and folding kinetics on PKD domains which are normally exposed to high urea concentrations in the kidney. Our approach enables us to directly quantify the effects of osmolytes on the folded state and on the exposed protein backbone in the absence of chemical denaturants. Here we show that a mixture of different protecting osmolytes (e.g. 0.5M sorbitol + 0.5M sarcosine) counteracts the effects of 1M urea equally well as 1M sorbitol on the unfolding/refolding rates. These results indicate an additive effect of these protecting osmolytes on domain stability. However, we also found osmolytes mixtures that work synergistically on protein stability. Our results demonstrate a robust approach to study the mechanism of action of osmolytes at the single protein level.
A new trommel model

Abstract Rotary screens are in an important unit operation in materials processing. Much of their design has been empirical. A mathematical model was developed with three major components: particle rise on the screen, particle trajectory through the air, and screening of the particle while in contact with the screen. All were implemented on a computer using numerical methods, allowing the retention of all necessary mechanisms within the theoretical expressions. Particle rise incorporated friction; particle trajectory incorporated drag. The screening element made use of entirely new probabilistic theory differing from previous work by incorporating consideration of the depth of the bed. Results showed good predictive capabilities. Insights concerning the importance of bed layering were obtained. Further recommendations aiding design were obtained and analyzed.
Blockage of methanogenesis in marine sediments by the nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (Nitrapyrin or N-Serve)

Nitrapyrin or N-Serve [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine] blocked methanogenesis associated with slurries of marine sediments. Both nitrapyrin and chloroform, an established inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria, were effective at micromolar concentrations. Chemical hydrolysis of nitrapyrin resulted in the release of three molar equivalents of chloride ions and the loss of its ability to inhibit methane production. Thus, the potency of nitrapyrin in blocking methanogenesis seemed to depend upon its trichloromethyl moiety; this conclusion was supported in experiments with other substituted pyridine compounds.
The characterization of simple organoaluminum fragments: AlCH, AlCH2, and AlCH3

Abstract High-level quantum-chemical methods have been applied to the fundamental organoaluminum species methylidynealuminum, methylenealuminum, and methylaluminum. Self-consistent-field, single and double excitation configuration interaction, and coupled cluster including all single and double excitation methods have been used in conjunction with basis sets as large as triple zeta plus double polarization. Predictions of molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, and dipole moments are reported. All three molecules display aluminum-carbon single bonds in their electronic ground states. All three molecules are predicted to have intense AlC stretching vibrational fundamentals in the infrared regions: 550 (AlCH), 600 (AlCH 2 ), and 650 cm −1 (AlCH 3 ).
Some Aspects of the Pure Theory of Capital

Definition of an investment account, 469. — Relationships between capitalized value, depreciation, and income holding at all times under any rate of discount, 470. — Necessary equality between capital invested and value of investment account derived by capitalization, 474.— Definition and derivation of internal rate of interest; its relation to market rate, 475. — Identification under ideal conditions of market value of investment account with capitalized value, 477.— Problem of optimum determination of variables; maximization of internal rate vs. maximization of present value of assets, 478.— Demonstration that all principles remain invariant under a varying interest rate, 483.— Mathematical appendix I, 488,— Mathematical appendix II, 492.
Observations of Drizzle in Nocturnal Marine Stratocumulus

Abstract In situ and radar data from the second field study of the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) have been used to study drizzle in stratocumulus. Measurements indicate that drizzle is prevalent. During five of seven analyzed flights precipitation was evident at the surface, and on roughly a third of the flights mean surface rates approached or exceeded 0.5 mm day−1. Additional analysis of the structure and variability of drizzle indicates that the macroscopic (flight averaged) mean drizzle rates at cloud base scale with H3/N where H is the flight-averaged cloud depth and N the flight-averaged cloud droplet number concentration. To a lesser extent flight-to-flight variability in the mean drizzle rate also scales well with differences in the 11- and 4-μm brightness temperatures, and the cloud-top effective radius. The structure of stratocumulus boundary layers with precipitation reaching the surface is also investigated, and a general picture emerges of large flight-averaged dr...
Influence of ion-irradiated SrTiO3 on the properties of thin film oxide superconductors

The quality of high temperature superconducting thin films is dependent on the structure of the substrate used. The present work examines the effects of radiation damaged SrTiO/sub 3/ substrates on the properties of Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin film superconductors. Prior to film deposition, single crystal SrTiO/sub 3/ substrates were cooled to 77 K and irradiated with 400 keV Ne ions to doses of 1 /times/ 10/sup 15/ and 1 /times/ 10/sup 16/ ions/cm/sup 2/. Following deposition the film/substrate couples were annealed in ''wet'' oxygen at either 850 or 900/degree/C. Films on substrates irradiated at high doses showed an increase in transition width from 2 to 8 degrees and lowered transition temperature from 92 to 65 K relative to films on low dose and unirradiated substrates. These differences are discussed in terms of results obtained from high energy and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and channeling experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and x-ray diffraction data (XRD).
Valence band offset at MoO 3 /CdTe interface probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

CdTe-based thin-film solar cells fabricated with Cu-free MoO 3 /Au back contacts have achieved cell efficiencies as high as 14%. The incorporation of MoO 3 buffer layers improves the open circuit voltage but reduces the fill factor (FF) of the CdTe cells compared to the cells using Au-only contacts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements suggest a 2.75±0.20 eV valence band offset (VBO) between CdTe and MoO 3 . Such a large VBO explains the decrease in FF with the increase of the thickness of the MoO 3 buffer layer.
Teaching Electronics and Laboratory Automation Using Microcontroller Boards

Modern microcontroller boards offer the analytical chemist a powerful and inexpensive means of interfacing computers and laboratory equipment. The availability of a host of educational materials, compatible sensors, and electromechanical devices make learning to implement microcontrollers fun and empowering. This article describes the advantages of using Arduino microcontroller boards for lab automation. It also includes lesson plans and exercises for teaching how to use them in the analytical chemistry curriculum. Two of these exercises include acquiring data from simple spectrometers and the control of a thermal cycler for PCR. The versatility of these devices will make them another important tool in the analytical chemist’s toolkit.
Komadu: A Capture and Visualization System for Scientific Data Provenance

Data provenance captured from scientific applications is a critical precursor to data sharing and reuse. For researchers wanting to repurpose data, it is a source of information about the lineage and attribution of the data and this is needed in order to establish trust in a data set. Komadu is a standalone provenance capture and visualization system for capturing, representing, and manipulating provenance coming from scientific tools, infrastructures, and repositories. It uses the W3C PROV standard [1] in representing data, and it is the successor of the Karma [2] provenance capture system which was based on Open Provenance Model (OPM) [3]. Komadu comes with two different interfaces: a Web Services interface based on Apache Axis2 [4] and a messaging interface based on RabbitMQ [5]. Komadu is completely open source and the source code is publicly available on GitHub [6]. Even though Komadu has been used most extensively in relation to scientific research, its interfaces are designed to collect and visualize provenance of any kind of application needing provenance.
Enhancing genetic algorithm-based genome-scale metabolic network curation efficiency

Genome-scale metabolic modeling using constraint-based analysis is a powerful modeling paradigm for simulating metabolic networks. Models are generated via inference from genome annotations. However, errors in the annotation or the identity of a gene's function could lead to "metabolic inconsistency" rendering simulations infeasible. Uncovering the source of metabolic inconsistency is non-trivial due to network size and complexity. Recently published work uses genetic algorithms for curation by generating pools of models with randomly relaxed mass balance constraints. Models are evolved that allow feasible simulation while minimizing the number of constraints relaxed. Relaxed constraints represent metabolites likely to be the root of metabolic inconsistency. Although effective, the approach can result in numerous false positives. Here we present a strategy, MassChecker, which evaluates all of the relaxed mass balance constraints in each generation prior to the next round of evolution to determine if they had become consistent due to recombination/mutation. If so, these constraints are enforced. This approach was applied to the development of genome-scale metabolic model of B. anthracis. The model consisted of 1,049 reactions and 1,003 metabolites. The result was a 60% reduction in the number of relaxed mass balance constraints, significantly speeding up the curation process.
Testing methodology for VLSI

The testing problem may dominate cost and even design time for VLSI. Testing at both the system and chip levels will be addressed, stressing the procedures that could be required for full custom versus array-based approaches . . . To be considered too will be the integration of test capability directly on to the chip, and the interface relationships of the designer, producer and test source . . . The techniques which have been successful for MSI and LSI(path scans-LSSD/auto mated test Pattern generation) are likely to fail or have limited applicability for VLSI . . .On-chip testing strategies (self testing of on-board or other macros) may supercede global strategies, such as LSSD...Other equipment and areas that could be involved include the E-beam, and process evaluation and yield maximization testing which may be more appropriate than go/no-go on-board procedures . . .The role of university and education, related to testing and testability, will also be appraised by the panelists.
Terahertz emission from ultrafast ionizing air in symmetry-broken laser fields

A transient photocurrent model is developed to explain coherent terahertz emission from air irradiated by a symmetry-broken laser field composed of the fundamental and its second harmonic laser pulses. When the total laser field is asymmetric across individual optical cycles, a nonvanishing electron current surge can arise during optical field ionization of air, emitting a terahertz electromagnetic pulse. Terahertz power scalability is also investigated, and with optical pump energy of tens of millijoules per pulse, peak terahertz field strengths in excess of 150 kV/cm are routinely produced.
MIMO-OFDM radar for direction estimation

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar makes use of orthogonal signals to obtain the phase delay for each transmitting/receiving antenna pair, and thus increasing the accuracy of direction estimation. The previously proposed MIMO radar assumes narrowband signals that guarantee the waveform orthogonality during the signals- transmission, propagation and reception. However, a narrowband system is unstable in target localisation because of the fluctuation of the target-s radar cross section. An MIMO-OFDM radar is proposed for target localisation. It adopts the OFDM technique to simultaneously transmit and receive a set of multiple narrowband orthogonal signals at orthogonal frequencies. A practical model accommodating a physical target is presented to simulate the MIMO-OFDM radar. As an example, a composite target composed of five infinite dielectric cylinders is localised by a four-element uniform linear array. The performance of the MIMO-OFDM radar is investigated by examining the estimation error for different numbers of sub-bands, different signal-to-noise ratios and different target directions. It is demonstrated by simulation that the MIMO-OFDM radar gives more statistically stable estimation by spreading the signal power over a wider spectrum.
Berlin’s Transformations: Postmodern, Postfordist ... or Neoliberal?

Books reviewed in this article: Hartmut Hausermann and Andreas Kapphan, Berlin: von der geteilten zur gespaltenen Stadt? Sozialraumlicher Wandel seit 1990 Stefan Kratke and Renate Borst, Berlin: Metropole zwischen Boom und Krise
Stewart, Essential Radio Skills: How to Present a Radio Show

P. (2010). (2nd edition). London, England: Methuen Drama. 474 pages. The next time somebody asks “what skills do you really need to be on the radio?” the swift presentation of this 474 page book is...
Design experience in minimizing radiation exposure to personnel during maintenance of BWR power plants

As nuclear power plants become older, in-vessel maintenance to high radiation components will become more common. This paper describes General Electric's experience in making such repairs on Boiling Water Reactors and how the use of engineering and project management enhances the productivity of special maintenance projects. Design techniques employed to minimize personnel radiation exposure are discussed. Specialized remote, automatic and semi-automatic equipment designs are presented. Included are sample descriptions of special tools developed, problems encountered, and lessons learned.
Characterization of semiconducting properties of naturally occurring polycrystalline FeS2 (pyrite)

Naturally occurring polycrystals obtained from Spain and Peru were found to be n-type semiconductors. Samples were characterized using an energy dispersive X-ray analyser and the impurity content of pyrite was estimated. Resistivity and Hall mobility as a function of temperature were measured. A lattice scattering mechanism is found to be operative for the Spanish pyrite sample. Results on optical absorption studies and the crystal structure are also included.
Neovaginal cytology after total pelvic exenteration for gynecological malignancies

Vaginal reconstruction has become an established method to re-store sexual function in women who have undergone ultraradical surgery and/or irradiation for the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Cytologic evaluation of the neovagina serves a major role in the detection of recurrent disease. The purpose of this retrospective 6-yr study (January 1987–December 1993) was to evaluate the cytologic features of vaginal smear specimens from neovaginas constructed utilizing split-thickness skin grafts. Thirty-four vaginal smears were obtained at regular intervals from nine women (mean age: 51 yr) who underwent total pelvic exenteration with vaginal reconstruction for recurrent malignancies of the vagina and the cervix. Anucleated, keratinizing squames were a constant finding in each smear. Over a 4-mo-6-yr postoperative period, superficial and intermediate squamous cells were present in the majority of the smears and the maturation index showed a shift to the right. In two cases, a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix recurred within the neovagina. Knowledge of the cytologic features associated with neovaginas is important in order to distinguish normal changes from neoplastic lesions. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Humean Justified Belief

Orthodoxy has it that Hume was a sceptic with respect to justified beliefs about matters of fact. Tom Beauchamp, Alexander Rosenberg and Michael Costa have argued in the face of this traditional interpretation by proposing that Hume held something like an account of justification according to which we do sometimes justifiedly believe matters of fact. I consider the arguments raised by these authors, and argue that though they are correct in suggesting that Hume sketched considerations distinguishing beliefs as more or less justified, they have misunderstood Hume in certain critical respects.
First-principles calculation of electronic structures of CuxZr1−x glass

Abstract The electronic structures of binary metallic glasses CuxZr1−x have been studied using a first-principles OLCAO method and a quasi-periodic model containing 90 atoms. The model is constructed by computer relaxation technique and the calculated pair correlation function compares well with experiment. The calculated density of states and its value at the Fermi level are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Analysis of the wave functions indicates the states at the Fermi level are delocalized.
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by the loss of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that can regulate the translation of specific mRNAs. Adult neurogenesis, a process considered important for neuroplasticity and memory, is regulated at multiple molecular levels. In this study, we investigated whether Fmrp deficiency affects adult neurogenesis. We show that in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome, adult neurogenesis is indeed altered. The loss of Fmrp increases the proliferation and alters the fate specification of adult neural progenitor/stem cells (aNPCs). We demonstrate that Fmrp regulates the protein expression of several components critical for aNPC function, including CDK4 and GSK3beta. Dysregulation of GSK3beta led to reduced Wnt signaling pathway activity, which altered the expression of neurogenin1 and the fate specification of aNPCs. These data unveil a novel regulatory role for Fmrp and translational regulation in adult neurogenesis.
Wavefront sensor alignment and calibration techniques for laser communication systems

Laser communication systems operate in the presence of strong atmospheric turbulence, affecting communication platform by broadening of the laser footprint, random jitter of the laser beam, and high spatial frequency intensity fluctuations referred to as scintillation. The prediction of the effects induced by the atmospheric turbulence is a crucial task for reliable data transmission. Equipping the lasercom platform with adaptive optics system capable of probing the atmospheric turbulence and generating the data on wave front errors in real time improves performance and extends the range of optical communications systems. Most adaptive optics systems implement wavefront sensors to measure the errors induced by the atmospheric turbulence. Real time analysis of the data received from the wavefront sensor is used for outgoing laser beam compensation significantly improves the lasercom performance. To obtain reliable data, the wavefront sensor needs to be accurately aligned and calibrated. To model the performance of a laser communication system operating in the real world we have developed an outdoor 3.2 km, partially over water, turbulence measurement and monitoring communication link. The developed techniques of wavefront sensor alignment and calibration led to the successful data collection and analysis are discussed in this paper.
Etiology of temporomandibular disorders

This article discusses the subject of causation (etiology) as it has been appliedto the field of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). These disorders have been the focus of considerable disagreement about what constitutes proper diagnosis and treatment, and it is clear that the main basis for these controversies has been conflicting views about the etiology of the various disorders. Many earlier theories emphasized dental morphological factors of malocclusion, occlusal dysharmony, and bad mandibular alignment as being primarily responsible for the development of TMD symptoms. Certain versions of these dental/skeletal concepts have long been a part of the belief system of the orthodontic specialty, leading to some special orthodontic protocols for managing TM disorders. Today, it is generally agreed that the etiology of TM disorders includes a multifactorial combination of physical and psychosocial factors, with some of them being either poorly understood or difficult to assess. In most cases, there are no special occlusal or orthodontic factors to be considered, and therefore occlusion-changing procedures are not generally required for successful treatment. This means that contemporary orthodontists must face the same challenge as all their other dental colleagues: to learn about modern concepts of diagnosis and treatment for all types of orofacial pain patients, and then to use currently recommended protocols for pain management and musculoskeletal therapy for those patients who have temporomandibular disorders.
Structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channels

1. Sodium channels mediate fast depolarization and conduct electrical impulses throughout nerve, muscle and heart. This paper reviews the links between sodium channel structure and function. 2. Sodium channels have a modular architecture, with distinct regions for the pore and the gates. The separation is far from absolute, however, with extensive interaction among the various parts of the channel. 3. At a molecular level, sodium channels are not static: they move extensively in the course of gating and ion translocation. 4. Sodium channels bind local anaesthetics and various toxins. In some cases, the relevant sites have been partially identified. 5. Sodium channels are subject to regulation at the levels of transcription, subunit interaction and post-translational modification (notably glycosylation and phosphorylation).
Photochemical generation and reactivity of the major hydroxyl radical adduct of thymidine.

5,6-Dihydro-5-hydroxythymidin-6-yl radical (1), the major reactive intermediate resulting from hydroxyl radical addition to C5 of the pyrimidine, is produced via 350 nm photolysis of a 2,5-dimethox...
Concentration quenching of fluorescence in chlorophyll solutions.

IN a paper concerned chiefly with the results of measurements of the self-quenching of the fluorescence of solutions of aromatic hydrocarbons1, Weiss and Weil-Malherbe report a few measurements on the self-quenching of ethyl chlorophyllide solutions. They conclude from these latter results that it is unnecessary to postulate the existence of a long-lived form of excited chlorophyll. This conclusion has been shown by E. Rabinowitch2 to be inconsistent with the observed3 high quantum yields for chlorophyllsensitized photo-oxidation. More recently, the same author4 has pointed out that the value of the quenching constant obtained by Weiss and Weil-Malherbe is too large to be consistent with the number of encounters between chlorophyll molecules as calculated from kinetic theory.
The chromatography of nucleotides, nucleosides, and pyrimidines and purines on activated charcoal

Abstract A method has been described for the chromatography of purines, pyrimidines, and their nucleosides and nucleotides on activated charcoal. Spectrophotometric grades of n -butanol and n -propanol, used in the elution procedure, were prepared by treatment of the alcohols with sodium borohydride. In our laboratory charcoal chromatography proved more effective than other methods for purifying the acid-soluble uracil from rat liver slices in 14 C-radioisotope experiments.
Scaling of the Magnetoelectric Effect in Chromia Thin Films

Scaling behavior of chromia (0001)-oriented films is investigated for film thicknesses ranging from the nanoscale up to the mesoscopic regime. Unusually prominent finite-size scaling of the critical point shift is observed which is accompanied by finite-size effects of magnetic response functions. We investigate the scaling of the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature by reviewing data from the literature and complementing them with our findings. Particular attention is paid to the hitherto unexplored regime of mesoscopic film thicknesses where conventionally no finite-size effects are expected. Results of previously unreported direct measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of chromia thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy are presented. The magnetometry data reveal qualitative changes in the temperature dependence and peak value of the susceptibility in comparison with the susceptibility of a bulk single crystal. These non-trivial finite-size effects may originate from oxygen defects which accom...
The role of identification in giving sense to unethical organizational behavior: Defending the organization

This language production experiment investigates communication's role in defending, and therefore giving sense to, organizational wrongdoing. The study suggests identification may possibly reduce organizations' moral learning capacity by encouraging highly identified members to engage in ethical sensegiving of their organizations' wrongdoing in defensive ways. Working adults (N = 318) responded to an organizational outsider regarding a gender discrimination lawsuit filed against their organization in one of two scenarios, which presented the organization's guilt as either ambiguous or certain. Highly identified members used more linguistic defense mechanisms and reported more intense feelings. Additionally, participants in the ambiguous condition used more linguistic defense mechanisms than those in the certain condition. Veteran members reported higher levels of organizational identification and used more linguistic defense mechanisms than newcomers. Language: en
Metastatic HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes in aspirated cytology material: A diagnostic pitfall

Background Although HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has good prognosis, a small proportion of patients develop distant metastases and have worse outcomes. Such metastases can be particularly difficult to diagnose in the lung and mediastinum, where they show extensive morphologic overlap with primary pulmonary neoplasms. This case series discusses metastatic HPV-related HNSCC in lung and mediastinal fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Methods The cytopathology archives were searched for lung and mediastinal FNA specimens of patients with HNSCC. Specimens were included if either the index FNA or the patient's original HNSCC was positive for HPV by DNA in-situ hybridization (ISH). Ten such cases were identified. Patient demographics and primary tumor details were tabulated from the electronic medical record. All FNA slides and stains were reviewed. Results The ten patients (mean age of 58.2 years) included 4 smokers. Smears from all cases were hypercellular and hyperchromatic, with focal keratinization in 6/10 (60%). Core biopsies and cell blocks showed basaloid morphology with variable amounts of necrosis. All ten FNAs were diffusely positive for p16 (100%) and 7/9 cases stained (77.8%) were positive for HPV DNA ISH. Conclusions Metastatic HPV-related HNSCC to the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes share the characteristic basaloid, minimally keratinizing morphology seen in Primary HNSCC cytology. Poorly differentiated pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinomas are the primary differentials. Although primary lung neoplasms are not HPV-related, p16 positivity can be seen in both squamous cell and small cell lung carcinomas. HPV ISH allows definitive diagnosis of metastatic HPV-related HNSCC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:206–214. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histochemistry of Uterovaginal Sperm-Host Glands in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Reference to the Period of Oviposition

Abstract General histochemistry of uterovaginal sperm-host glands (SHG) of Japanese quail was examined in virgin and naturally mated hens and during oviposition in artificially inseminated hens. The SHG tissues were stained for complex carbohydrates with periodic acid – Schiff (PAS); for lipids with oil red O (ORO); and for acid phosphatase (AP) with AS-TR phosphate substrate. Typically, PAS material was absent from SHG cells. SHG showed preferential uptake of ORO, and the stain was seen as discrete droplets with greatest accumulation in the apical and basal portions of the epithelia. The SHG showed reduced ORO with an egg in the uterus, and staining was not altered by presence or absence of sperm. All epithelia of the uterovaginal region showed strong AP activity with greatest concentration in the apical portion of the SHG epithelia.
Yeast ribonucleic acid: Effects on learned behavior in the rat)

Rats chronically treated with yeast ribonucleic acid showed enhanced acquisition of an escape response, thus replicating a previously reported effect. The nature of the enhancement, however, as well as the results from a food-rewarded discrimination task, does not suggest that yeast ribonucleic acid improves the learning or memory processes in the rat.
A two-stage cascade model of BOLD responses in human visual cortex.

Visual neuroscientists have discovered fundamental properties of neural representation through careful analysis of responses to controlled stimuli. Typically, different properties are studied and modeled separately. To integrate our knowledge, it is necessary to build general models that begin with an input image and predict responses to a wide range of stimuli. In this study, we develop a model that accepts an arbitrary band-pass grayscale image as input and predicts blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses in early visual cortex as output. The model has a cascade architecture, consisting of two stages of linear and nonlinear operations. The first stage involves well-established computations—local oriented filters and divisive normalization—whereas the second stage involves novel computations—compressive spatial summation (a form of normalization) and a variance-like nonlinearity that generates selectivity for second-order contrast. The parameters of the model, which are estimated from BOLD data, vary systematically across visual field maps: compared to primary visual cortex, extrastriate maps generally have larger receptive field size, stronger levels of normalization, and increased selectivity for second-order contrast. Our results provide insight into how stimuli are encoded and transformed in successive stages of visual processing.
GA Based Stochastic Risk Programming for Virtual Enterprise

With the development of word economy and IT, virtual enterprise is considered as one of the most promising paradigms for future enterprises. As Virtual Enterprise's agility and diversity of its members, which make its internal and external risk with great character of stochastic. The multi actions single choices model of risk programming is proposed in this paper, which combines with the probability measure risk evaluation method. It's a stochastic programming model with stochastic variables. In this model the total risk of Virtual Enterprise and the total cost using to reduce the risk must be held with a confidence level alpha,beta, respectively. To solve the model, a genetic algorithm is designed, which combines with the Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effective of this algorithm.
Genetic mediation of longitudinal associations between family environment and childhood behavior problems

Previous studies have reported significant associations between measures of the family environment and behavior problems in children. However, because children in these studies were genetically related to their parents, such links may not be caused solely by environmental influences. The goal of this study was to investigate genetic influence on associations between family environment and problem behavior using an adoption design. Participants in the study included 179 adopted and 176 nonadopted children, as well as their parents and teachers, in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP; Plomin, DeFries, & Fulker, 1988). Mothers and fathers each completed the Family Environment Scale (FES) when their child was 1, 3, and 5 years of age; the child's problem behavior at age 7 was rated by both mothers and teachers using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Patterns of correlations for nonadopted versus adopted boys indicated that associations between aspects of the family's relationship (conflict, cohesion, expressiveness) and behavior problems in home and school were mediated genetically. For girls, however, these links appeared to be influenced by direct shared environmental effects.
Thermoanalytical characterization of thermoset polymers for chemical mechanical polishing

Thermal analytical study of two types of polyurethane-based polishing pads for chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) was conducted using DMA, TMDSC, TMA, and TGA. The pads were subjected to thermal treatments at various temperatures for different time. Based on the results of thermal analysis, recommendations to optimize pad properties were made.
15 N uptake by mycorrhizal native and invasive plants from a N-eutrophied shrubland: a greenhouse experiment

In the coastal sage scrub (CSS) community of southern California, Artemisia californica and other native shrubs are gradually being replaced by invasive annual grasses, especially Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens. This decline may be attributed, in part, to local atmospheric N deposition, which causes elevated soil NO3 −. Unaffected soils have low N with a relatively higher concentration of NH4 + than NO3 −. The objectives in this study were: (1) to compare the short-term uptake of 15NO3 − and 15NH4 + by B. madritensis and A. californica and (2) to discern whether 15NO3 − or 15NH4 + uptake is influenced by the mycorrhizal status of either plant species. Analysis of 15N concentrations indicated that both A. californica and B. madritensis took up more 15NO3 − than 15NH4 +, but overall, B. madritensis took up 6–15 times more of both forms of 15N than A. californica. Mycorrhizal A. californica had an increased 15NH4 + concentration in roots but not shoots. In B. madritensis, the only mycorrhizal response was a reallocation of 15NO3 −, with mycorrhizal plants retaining a higher proportion of 15NO3 − in roots. Overall, arbuscular mycorrhizae had a small effect on 15N uptake in this short-term study. However, the ability of B. madritensis to take up so much 15N may explain in part why it has been so successful in replacing A. californica in CSS.
Portable Faraday cup for nonvacuum proton beams

A portable Faraday cup design is described for the accurate measurement of large-diameter, low-current, and high-energy proton beams traveling in air. The unit has been tested with protons from 4 to 300 MeV. The unit has an accuracy of 10% for beams of 1 pA, improving to about 2% accuracy for ion currents of 20 pA to 1 {micro}A. For the accelerated testing of LSI parts, the Faraday cup is particularly critical, since this application requires very low currents, typically 10--100 pA (1 pA = 6 {times} 10{sup 6} protons/s), operating in an electronically noisy accelerator environment.