cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Design Schedule Management into a Flow Management System

In this paper we present an approach to incorporate design schedule management services into a flow management system. The basis of our approach is to derive a design schedule from the simulation of a flow execution. Actual flow execution can then be tracked against the proposed schedule via design metadata. We verify our approach by implementing design scheduling into the Hercules Workflow Manager.
Fast compressive sampling with structurally random matrices

This paper presents a novel framework of fast and efficient compressive sampling based on the new concept of structurally random matrices. The proposed framework provides four important features, (i) It is universal with a variety of sparse signals, (ii) The number of measurements required for exact reconstruction is nearly optimal, (iii) It has very low complexity and fast computation based on block processing and linear filtering, (iv) It is developed on the provable mathematical model from which we are able to quantify trade-offs among streaming capability, computation/memory requirement and quality of reconstruction. All currently existing methods only have at most three out of these four highly desired features. Simulation results with several interesting structurally random matrices under various practical settings are also presented to verify the validity of the theory as well as to illustrate the promising potential of the proposed framework.
Interpretation of the Helix Planetary Nebula using Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics: Planets and Dark Energy

Hubble Space Telescope (HST/ACS) images of the Helix Planetary Nebula (NGC 7293) are interpreted using the hydro-gravitational-dynamics theory (HGD) of Gibson 1996-2006. HGD predicts that baryonic-dark-matter (BDM) dominates the mass of galaxies (Schild 1996) as Jovian (promordial-fog-particle, PFP) Planets (JPPs) in proto-globular-star-cluster (PGC) clumps within galaxy halo diameters surrounding its stars. From HGD, supernova Ia (SNe Ia) events normally occur in planetary nebulae (PNe) within PGCs where binary clustering cascades of merging planets produce central binary star systems. As central stars of PNe, binaries exchange mass and accrete JPPs to grow white-dwarfs to 1.44M instability within ionized (Oort cloud) cavities bounded by evaporating JPPs. SNe Ia events are thus intermittently obscured by radiation-inflated JPP atmospheres producing systematic SNe Ia distance errors, so the otherwise mysterious “dark energy” concept is unnecessary. HST/ACS and WFPC2 Helix images show > 7000 cometary globules, here interpreted as gas-dust cocoons of
Genetic test bed for feature selection

Motivation: Given a large set of potential features, such as the set of all gene-expression values from a microarray, it is necessary to find a small subset with which to classify. The task of finding an optimal feature set of a given size is inherently combinatoric because to assure optimality all feature sets of a given size must be checked. Thus, numerous suboptimal feature-selection algorithms have been proposed. There are strong impediments to evaluate feature-selection algorithms using real data when data are limited, a common situation in genetic classification. The difficulty is compound. First, there are no class-conditional distributions from which to draw data points, only a single small labeled sample. Second, there are no test data with which to estimate the feature-set errors, and one must depend on a training-data-based error estimator. Finally, there is no optimal feature set with which to compare the feature sets found by the algorithms. Results: This paper describes a genetic test bed for the evaluation of feature-selection algorithms. It begins with a large biological feature-label dataset that is used as an empirical distribution and, using massively parallel computation, finds the top feature sets of various sizes based on a given sample size and classification rule. The user can draw random samples from the data, apply a proposed algorithm, and evaluate the proficiency of the proposed algorithm via three different measures (code provided). A key feature of the test bed is that, once a dataset is input, a single command creates the entire test bed relative to the dataset. The particular dataset used for the first version of the test bed comes from a microarray-based classification study that analyzes a large number of microarrays, prepared with RNA from breast tumor samples from each of 295 patients. Availability: The software and supplementary material are available at http://public.tgen.org/tgen-cb/support/testbed/ Contact: edward@ece.tamu.edu
A comparison of wind products in the context of ENSO prediction

[1] Four different wind products are evaluated in terms of their application to ENSO prediction. These wind products have been used to initialize an intermediate oceanatmosphere coupled model for monthly retrospective forecasts from 1980 to 2002. The wind product that includes satellite scatterometer data has the highest scores, with the NCEP reanalysis and the new FSU objective analysis closely behind. The latter is a major improvement over the old FSU subjective analysis which has some serious problems in recent years. It seems that the wind products from remote sensing, in-situ observation and model reanalysis are all useful for ENSO prediction. At present, an ensemble of forecasts initialized with various wind data sets is probably our best bet. INDEX TERMS: 4263 Oceanography: General: Ocean prediction; 3337 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Numerical modeling and data assimilation; 3339 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Ocean/atmosphere interactions (0312, 4504); 3360 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Remote sensing. Citation: Chen, D., A comparison of wind products in the context of ENSO prediction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(3), 1107, doi:10.1029/2002GL016121, 2003.
Classifying Vehicles in Wide-Angle Radar Using Pyramid Match Hashing

We present a fast, scalable method to simultaneously register and classify vehicles in circular synthetic aperture radar imagery. The method is robust to occlusions and partial matches. Images are represented as a set of attributed scattering centers that are mapped to local sets, which are invariant to rigid transformations. Similarity between local sets is measured using a method called pyramid match hashing, which applies a pyramid match kernel to compare sets and a Hamming distance to compare hash codes generated from those sets. By preprocessing a database into binary hash codes, we are able to quickly find the nearest neighbor of a query among a large number of records. To demonstrate the algorithm, we simulated X-band scattering from ten civilian vehicles placed throughout a large scene, varying elevation angles in the 35°-59° range. We achieved better than 98% classification performance. Similar performance is demonstrated for a seven class task using airborne radar measurements.
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: Eight Cases in Males of Hispanic Origin from a Single Hospital

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to present a case series of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) in 8 males of Hispanic origin diagnosed at 1 hospital. Methods: This report summarizes the clinical presentations, laboratory values, treatments, and follow-up for a series of patients with TPP. The diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis was based on clinical features and laboratory criteria. The TPP diagnostic criteria were acute muscle weakness, thyrotoxic symptoms, and hypokalemia. Results: All 8 study patients with TPP were Hispanic males ranging in age from 25 to 36 years (mean ± SD, 31 ± 4.4 years). Six patients presented with upper and lower extremity weakness, while 2 patients had only lower extremity weakness. All TPP episodes occurred at night and in the early morning. TPP-associated weakness resolved within 24 hours, either spontaneously or following therapy with potassium chloride (40 to 120 mEq), beta blockers, and methimazole. Six patients had a history of at least 1 previous TPP episode....
On the l2-induced control for eventually periodic systems

Absfruct-This paper is focused on the !,-induced control of eventually periodic linear discrete-time systems. We prove for such systems that a synthesis exists if and only if an eventually periodic synthesis exists. We also consider specific cases, where we show that the synthesis if existent can always he chosen to be of the same eventually periodic class as the plant. All the conditions derived are provided in terms of semidefinite programming problems. The motivation for this work is controlling nonlinear systems along prespecified trajectories, notably those which eventually settle down into periodic orbits and those with uncertain initial states.
2.06 – Zinc Organometallics

Organozinc chemistry is both one of the oldest and one of the most rapidly expanding areas of organometallic chemistry. Because of its intermediate size and hardness, and moderately electropositive character, zinc is one of the most versatile metals in the whole of organometallic chemistry. These ideal atomic properties, together with the comparative weakness of zinc–carbon bonds, make organozinc compounds ideally suited for a wide variety of applications. This chapter, which surveys the developments in organozinc chemistry from 1993 through 2005, attempts to provide a balanced coverage of the published research during the reviewed period. With the exception of applications of organozinc compounds in material research, all aspects of modern organozinc chemistry are represented. The review is broadly divided into an inorganic and an organic section. The first part focuses on fundamental aspects of synthesis, structure, and bonding in organozinc compounds, while the second part covers the myriad of their applications in organic synthesis. Although organozinc chemistry was for many years synonymous with the Simmons–Smith reagent and the Reformatsky reaction, the current state-of-the art has far transcended these limited applications. Traditional topics of organozinc chemistry, such as the role of diorganozincs and organozinc halides as alkylating agents, are still covered in this chapter. The many reports on organozinc compounds as polymerization catalysts and the increasingly important autocatalytic reactions of organozinc compounds, however, provide glimpses of the true potential of organozinc compounds in organic synthesis. The recent synthesis of decamethyldizincocene, the first molecular compound of zinc(i), and the challenges such compounds pose for synthetic and computational chemists will assure that organozinc chemistry will remain an area of intense interest for chemists from diverse backgrounds.
Studies Supporting the Concept of Physiological Acupuncture

The rapidly increasing amount of scientific research now permits an explanation of acupuncture mechanisms on a physiological basis. Research has shown that many useful acupuncture points are motor points, trigger points, and locations of nerves. They can be located by the use of skin potential recordings. Such knowledge has permitted the development of a simplified, anatomically based practice of acupuncture. Research has shown that electrical stimulation of these points is an effective agent for reducing experimental pain. Electroacupuncture has also been effective in relieving chronic pain in patients with a variety of medical conditions. Hypnotic suggestibility does not account for this effectiveness. Cold pressor pain is a valuable and reliable research tool for measuring the effectiveness of analgesic agents. The analgesic effect of acupuncture was unrelated to anxiety level, patient selection, prior education, suggestion or distraction, which are generally implicated in the reduction of pain utilizing methods other than drugs.
On Weierstrass Semigroups of Some Triples on Norm-Trace Curves

In this paper, we consider the norm-trace curves which are defined by the equation $y^{q^{r-1}}+y^{q^{r-2}}+ \cdots +y=x^{\frac{q^r-1}{q-1}}$ over where q is a power of a prime number and r *** 2 is an integer. We determine the Weierstrass semigroup of the triple of points $\left(P_{\infty}, P_{00}, P_{0b} \right)$ on this curve.
Musical Athleticism: Victorian Brass Band Contests and the Shaping of Working-Class Men

In June of 1884, Brass Band News published an anecdote about an apparent lack of drinking of a small village in Dorset. When the musical rector of the village noted that he “hadn't a drunken man in...
Studies onSargassum: III. A quantitative ultrastructural and correlated physiological study of the blade and stipe organs ofS. filipendula

Cytological comparisons of homologous tissues in blades and stipes by stereological analysis have shown differences exist between blade and stipe organs inSargassum. Based on measurements of total thylakoid and cristae membrane surface areas in these organs blades were found to contain 61% more thylakoid membrane surface and 65% more cristae membrane than stipes on a per unit volume basis. Assuming photosynthesis and respiration are directly related to the surface area of the internal membranes in the respective organelles it is possible to predict that blades will have a 61% greater photosynthetic and a 65% greater respiratory potential. Photosynthetic and respiratory rates for blades and stipes were determined manometrically and show a 62% greater photosynthetic and 59% greater respiratory rates for the blade tissues agreeing very well with predicted values. Present evidence indicates that photosynthetic and respiratory rate differences observed in the blades and stipes inSargassum are the result of increased membrane surface areas in the larger cells of the tissues which make up the blade. The basic cell structure,i.e., the percent volume of cell cytoplasm occupied by each organelle, is similar in homologous tissues of both organs regardless of cell size. Therefore physiological differences between the two organs are primarily due to changes in cell size and not in basic cell construction. This provides an interesting mechanism for producing physiological differences without changing basic cell structure in the organs of this plant.
Fluid Charge and Discharge Strategies of Dual-Media Thermal Storage Systems in the Starting-Up Process of Daily Cyclic Operations

Because of the capability of large capacity thermal storage and extended operation during night and cloudy days, concentrated solar thermal power generation is getting more and more attention in the recent years. Dual-media thermal energy storage system is typically adopted in industry for reducing the use of the heat transfer fluid, which is usually expensive. In such a dual-media system, the solid filler material can be a phase change material relying on latent heat or a regular solid material using sensible heat for energy storage. Two strategies of starting-up fluid charge and discharge are considered for the operation of a concentrated solar thermal power plant incorporated with a dual-media thermal storage system. These two strategies include: 1) starting daily cyclic charge and discharge operation with an initially cold tank; 2) to fully charge the thermal storage system before operation of the cyclic discharge/charge for the power plant. The energy storage efficiency and the effects to the power plant operation due to the application of these two strategies are studied in the current work based on an enthalpy-based 1-D model, and significant difference is found in starting-up process of the daily cyclic operations, which will help us decide the best strategy of operating a thermal energy storage system with more electrical energy output.© 2014 ASME
Effects of adrenalectomy on blood cells of mice with special reference to eosinophiles.

SummaryAdrenalectomy resulted in an increase in total count and increased absolute numbers of mononuclear and eosinophilic cells in the circulating blood of adrenalectomized mice. The increases were progressively greater with increases in the length of the interval after adrenalectomy from 4-5 days to 17-30 days. There was no consistent effect on neu-trophiles. Reticulocyte percentages increased in the circulating blood. The number of mitotic figures in the bone marrow was reduced, while the ratio of myeloid to erythroid elements was increased. All the differences noted were found to be significant. The results suggest a decreased rate of activity and of maturation of cells in the bone marrow and an increase in the length of period of maturation and longevity in the circulating blood.
Synchronous Quadruple Primary Neoplasms: Glioblastoma, Neuroendocrine Tumor, Schwannoma and Sessile Serrated Adenoma in a Patient with History of Prostate Cancer

Quadruple synchronous primary neoplasms are exceedingly rare with only one case reported in the English literature. We herein report a case of synchronous quadruple primary neoplasms in a 70-year-old Arabic male with a history of prostate cancer who presented to our hospital for work-up of a brain mass found at an outside hospital. Subsequent (18)Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography demonstrated a 5.9-cm temporoparietal mass and three additional lesions, each with increased maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)). Histologic examination, immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic analyses of the lesional tissue revealed four primary neoplastic lesions: primary glioblastoma, inguinal schwannoma, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the terminal ileum and an appendiceal sessile serrated adenoma/polyp. This case is unique among previous reports as our patient presented with four primary neoplasms synchronously. To the best of our knowledge, this combination of synchronous multiple primary neoplasms has not been reported in the English literature.
De Novo Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Connects Cell Integrity to Amphotericin B Susceptibility in Cryptococcus neoformans.

ABSTRACT The use of amphotericin B (AmB) in conjunction with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) is known to be the optimal therapy for treating cryptococcosis, but the mechanism by which 5-FC synergizes with AmB is unknown. In this study, we generated a Cryptococcus neoformansura1Δ mutant lacking dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which demonstrated temperature-sensitive growth due to a defect in cell integrity and sensitivity to cell wall-damaging agents. In addition, sensitivity to AmB was greatly increased. Inclusion of uracil or uridine in the medium did not suppress the cell wall or AmB phenotype, whereas complementation with the wild-type URA1 gene complemented the mutant phenotype. As a measure of membrane accessibility, we assayed the rate of association of the lipid-binding dye 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) and saw more rapid association in the ura1Δ mutant. We likewise saw an increased rate of DiOC6 association in other AmB-sensitive mutants, including a ura− spontaneous URA5 mutant made by 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) selection and a bck1Δ mutant defective in cell integrity signaling. Similar results were also obtained by using a specific plasma membrane-binding CellMask live stain, with cell integrity mutants that exhibited increased and faster association of the dye with the membrane. Chitin synthase mutants (chs5Δ and chs6Δ) that lack any reported cell wall defects, in turn, demonstrate neither any increased susceptibility to AmB nor a greater accessibility to either of the dyes. Finally, perturbation of the cell wall of the wild type by treatment with the β-1,6-glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin was synergistic with AmB in vitro. IMPORTANCE Synergy between AmB and nucleotide biosynthetic pathways has been documented, but the mechanism of this interaction has not been delineated. Results from this study suggest a correlation between uridine nucleotide biosynthesis and cell integrity likely mediated through the pool of nucleotide-sugar conjugates, which are precursor molecules for both capsule and cell wall of C. neoformans. Thus, we propose a mechanism by which structural defects in the cell wall resulting from perturbation of pyrimidine biosynthesis allow faster and increased penetration of AmB molecules into the cell membrane. Overall, our work demonstrates that impairment of pyrimidine biosynthesis in C. neoformans could be a potential target for antifungal therapy, either alone or in combination with AmB.
Quantitative analysis of blood-borne 18F-FMISO metabolites in cancer patients by HPLC using an integrated high-sensitivity coincidence detector

1289 Objectives Tumor hypoxia has been shown to be of value in predicting treatment response. Kinetic analysis (for derivation of the trapping rate) of 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) PET imaging has been proposed as a more reliable approach than “late” static imaging for identificating status of tumor hypoxia. This necessitates correcting for any metabolite(s) in the FMISO input function. The aim of this study is to assess the amount of FMISO metabolites in plasma. Methods Blood samples of 10 patients undergoing 18F-FMISO PET studies were collected at 45, 90, or 180 min post-injection (pi) and the activity in whole blood, serum, protein-precipitated pellet, and protein-free supernatant were assayed using a gamma counter. After filtration with 0.45 μm filter and removal of acetonitrile by evaporation, the potential metabolites in the supernatant were determined with HPLC system that was integrated with an in-line high-sensitivity coincidence detector. Results The activity concentrations in whole blood and in plasma were very early equal at all times, indicating that 18F-FMISO is freely exchangeable between the plasma and blood cells, as expected. Following the acetonitrile precipitation of the serum, the radioactivity was nearly quantitatively recovered in the supernatant (89-95%). All patient studies showed that up to 3 h pi, there was no detectable metabolite peak in the precipitated supernatant by HPLC; only a single peak, which corresponded to the intact 18F-FMISO, was observed at an elution time of 13 min. Conclusions 18F-FMISO is metabolically stable during circulation and most of the injected radiotracer in the blood remains available intact to cancer cells. Research Support Supported by NIH grant P50-CA84638 and NIH grant 1U01CA157442-01A1.
More and Less than Equal: How Men Factor in the Reproductive Equation

In both social science and medicine, research on reproduction generally focuses on women. In this article, we examine how men’s reproductive contributions are understood. We develop an analytic framework that brings together Cynthia Daniels’ conceptualization of reproductive masculinity (2006) with a staged view of reproduction, where the stages include the period before conception, conception, gestation, and birth. Drawing on data from two medical sites that are oriented to the period before pregnancy (preconception health care and sperm banks), we examine how gendered knowledge about reproduction produces different reproductive equations in different stages of the reproductive process. We conclude with a new research agenda that emerges from rethinking the role of men and masculinity in reproduction.
Optimization of SAMtools sorting using OpenMP tasks

SAMtools is a widely-used genomics application for post-processing high-throughput sequence alignment data. Such sequence alignment data are commonly sorted to make downstream analysis more efficient. However, this sorting process itself can be computationally- and I/O-intensive: high-throughput sequence alignment files in the de facto standard binary alignment/map (BAM) format can be many gigabytes in size, and may need to be decompressed before sorting and compressed afterwards. As a result, BAM-file sorting can be a bottleneck in genomics workflows. This paper describes a case study on the performance analysis and optimization of SAMtools for sorting large BAM files. OpenMP task parallelism and memory optimization techniques resulted in a speedup of 5.9X versus the upstream SAMtools 1.3.1 for an internal (in-memory) sort of 24.6 GiB of compressed BAM data (102.6 GiB uncompressed) with 32 processor cores, while a 1.98X speedup was achieved for an external (out-of-core) sort of a 271.4 GiB BAM file.
3D Near-Field Electrospinning of Biomaterial Microfibers with Potential for Blended Microfiber-Cell-Loaded Gel Composite Structures

This paper describes the development of a novel low-cost and efficient method, 3D near-field electrospinning, to fabricate high-resolution, and repeatable 3D polymeric fiber patterns on nonconductive materials with potential use in tissue engineering. This technology is based on readily available hobbyist grade 3D printers. The result is exquisite control of the deposition of single fibers in an automated manner. Additionally, the fabrication of various fiber patterns, which are subsequently translated to unique cellular patterns, is demonstrated. Finally, poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers are printed within 3D collagen gels loaded with cells to introduce anisotropic properties of polymeric fibers within the cell-loaded gels.
Night Vision and Military Operations

Nighttime military operations include challenges encountered in daylight but also introduce unique visual and cognitive demands characteristic of a low-light environment. Because the majority of human sensory input is visual, and successful performance of military tasks is largely dependent on visual performance, it is critical for personnel operating in settings with reduced visual capability to maximize the abilities and strategies they retain. While military image intensification devices (e.g., night vision goggles, NVGs) significantly enhance visual performance, equipment can malfunction, batteries expire, and mission-specific combat loads may preclude utilization of all available aids. Hence the availability of optical aids should not undermine the importance of optimally corrected unaided night vision. This chapter discusses some of the important factors contributing to night vision and their influence on performance on commonly encountered tasks during military operations.
Asymptotic optimality of D-CuSum for quickest change detection under transient dynamics

The problem of quickest change detection (QCD) under transient dynamics is studied, in which the change from the initial distribution to the final persistent distribution does not happen instantaneously, but after a series of cascading transient phases. It is assumed that the durations of the transient phases are deterministic but unknown. The goal is to detect the change as quickly as possible subject to a constraint on the average run length to false alarm. The dynamic CuSum (D-CuSum) algorithm is investigated, which is based on reformulating the QCD problem into a dynamic composite hypothesis testing problem, and has a recursion that facilitates implementation. We show that this algorithm is adaptive to the unknown change point, as well as the unknown transient duration. And under mild conditions of the pre-change and post-change distributions, its asymptotic optimality is demonstrated for all possible asymptotic regimes as the transient duration and the average run length to false alarm go to infinity.
Feast for the Eyes: Effects of Food Perceptions and Computer Vision Features on Food Photo Popularity

The widely circulated food photos online have become an important part of our visual culture. Combining human ratings of food characteristics and computational analysis of visual aesthetics, we examined what contributed to the aesthetic appeal of a diversity of food photographs ( N = 300) and likes and comments they received in an artificial newsfeed from participants ( N = 399). The results revealed that people tended to like and share images containing tasty foods. Both healthy and unhealthy foods were able to gain likes. Aesthetic appeal and specific visual features, such as the use of arousing colors and different components of visual complexity, also influenced the popularity of food images. This work demonstrates the potential of applying computer vision methods in visual analysis, offers insights into image virality, and provides practical guidelines for communicating healthy eating.
Validation of micro-mechanical FFT-based simulations using High Energy Diffraction Microscopy on Ti-7Al

Abstract A validation is reported for micromechanical simulation using a reimplementation of an elasto-viscoplastic FFT-based (EVPFFT) formulation, i.e., the Micromechanical Analysis of Stress-strain Inhomogeneities with fast Fourier transform (MASSIF) code, against experimental data obtained from synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The experimental data was collected during in-situ deformation of a titanium alloy specimen by High Energy Diffraction Microscopy (HEDM), which provided the average elastic strain tensor and orientation of each grain in a polycrystalline sample. MASSIF was used to calculate the local micromechanical fields in a Ti-7Al polycrystalline sample at different load levels. The initially attempted simulation showed that, although the effective response was calibrated to reproduce the experiment, MASSIF was not able to reproduce the micromechanical fields at the scale of individual grains. The differences between calculated and measured averages at the grain scale were related to initial residual strains resulting from the prior processing of the material, which had not been incorporated in the original calculation. Accordingly, a new simulation was instantiated using information on the measured residual strains to define a set of eigenstrains, calculated via an Eshelby approximation. This initialization significantly improved the correlation between calculated and simulated fields for all strain and stress components, for measurements performed within the elastic regime. For the measurements at the highest load, which was past plastic yield, the correlations deteriorated because of plastic deformation at the grain level and the lack of an accurate enough constitutive description in this deformation regime.
Intermittent exercise-heat exposures and intense physical activity sustain heat acclimation adaptations

Abstract Objectives To determine if intermittent exercise-heat exposures (IHE) every fifth day sustain heat acclimation (HA) adaptations 25 days after initial HA. Design Randomized control trial. Methods Sixteen non-heat acclimatized men heat acclimated during 10–11 days of exercise in the heat (40 °C, 40% RH). A heat stress test (120 min, 45% V ˙ O2peak) before (Pre HA) and after HA (Post HA) in similar hot conditions assessed HA status. Pair-matched participants were randomized into a control group (CON; n = 7) that exercised in a temperate environment (24 °C, 21%RH) or IHE group (n = 9) that exercised in a hot environment (40 °C, 40%RH) every fifth day for 25 days following HA (+25d) with out-of-laboratory exercise intensity and duration recorded. Both groups completed +25d in the hot condition. Results Both groups heat acclimated similarly (p > 0.05) evidenced by lower heart rate (HR), thermoregulatory, physiological, and perceptual responses (perceived exertion, fatigue, thermal sensation) Pre HA vs. Post HA (p ≤ 0.05). At +25d, post-exercise HR (p = 0.01) and physiological strain index (p Conclusions Exercise-heat exposures every fifth day for 25 days and regular intense physical activity after HA sustained HR and Tre adaptations and reduced perceptual and physiological strain during exercise-heat stress ∼1 month later.
Acid-base Behaviour

So ubiquitous is water on this planet that our view of chemistry, by custom and convenience, is strongly biased in favour of aqueous solutions. What then are we to make of other solvents where the strongest acid may be the least ionised, where a respectable acid like CH3CO2H behaves as a base, where an anion base achieves stabilisation only by bonding to a molecule of its conjugate acid? Examination of acids and bases in non-aqueous solvents cannot fail to be enlightening.
Comparative Aspects of Steroid Hormones in Reproduction

In considering the role of steroid hormones in the comparative aspects of reproductive failure in animals, it is important to bear in mind that the evolution of reproduction, in general, and of viviparity, in particular, has involved predominantly endocrine mechanisms. Within these endocrinological adaptations, the steroid hormones have appeared to be the major mediating agents in the control of pregnancy. Hence, the generality has been offered that progestins and estrogens are essential for reproduction in all higher forms of animal life. However, the roles that these two types of hormones play once gestation is established have not yet been completely defined nor has their essentiality in an absolute or relative sense been incontrovertibly established for all species. Our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in comparative reproductive failure is incomplete, and clear cut pathophysiological bases for endocrine related pregnancy failures have yet to be defined even in the human where it has been studied extensively. As will be elaborated upon in the following section, the normal physiological roles of steroid hormones in the course of pregnancy still require extensive study.
Internet Pricing, Price Satisfaction, and Customer Satisfaction

Given the challenges of increasing margins and building a loyal customer base, the interaction between pricing and customer satisfaction is of great interest to e-tailers. The present research models the relationships between e-tailer pricing, price satisfaction, and satisfaction with the ordering and fulfillment processes. The model is calibrated using data about book e-tailers from BizRate.com and a database of market-basket prices. By providing a satisfactory ordering process, e-tailers can somewhat ameliorate the negative effects of higher prices and will have higher overall ratings for fulfillment satisfaction. This is critical because fulfillment satisfaction creates loyal customers. As expected, higher prices lead to lower price satisfaction, but the effect of price satisfaction on fulfillment satisfaction was negative. This unexpected result has important implications for e-tailers intending to compete based on low prices. Increased levels of price satisfaction due to low prices do not positively affect satisfaction with the fulfillment process. Therefore, competing on price may not be a viable long-term strategy for on-line retailers.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) and Thrombophilia: A 10 Year Retrospective Review of Clinical Data at a Large Children's Hospital

Introduction: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the most important regulator of fibrinolysis. Elevated PAI-1 levels are reported to be prothrombotic and have been associated with cardiovascular disease, obesity and cancer. PAI-1 synthesis is regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids and cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α. The single base pair guanine deletion 4G PAI-1 genetic polymorphism has been linked to elevation of PAI-1 antigen and/or activity levels. Genotype frequencies in Caucasian populations have been estimated at 0.25 (5G/5G), 0.49 (4G/5G) and 0.26 (4G/4G). Increased thrombosis risk has been reported in patients with the combination of PAI-1 4G and factor V Leiden (FVL) genetic polymorphisms. Our pediatric specialty laboratory offers PAI-1 genotyping, PAI-1 antigen and PAI-1 activity assays as part of thrombophilia testing. The laboratory at the children9s hospital is also a reference lab for the community. We retrospectively reviewed the results of PAI-1 testing over the last 10 years. We hypothesized that the PAI-1 4G polymorphism would be more prevalent in young patients with thrombosis. We also hypothesized that there would be an additive thrombophilia risk from the combination of PAI-1 4G and FVL in young patients with thrombosis. Methods: After IRB approval, using information from Cerner and EPIC, we created a deidentified thrombophilia database of 11,459 unique patients who had thrombophilia testing between March 8, 2007 and June 6, 2017. We identified 1,896 who had PAI-1 genotyping and 2,573 who had antigen and activity testing. Removing those Results: Ages for subjects tested for PAI-1 ranged from 0.1 - 89.7 years with a mean of 14.3 years, and 41% were male. Compared to the local genotype frequency, PAI-1 4G was not significantly altered in either the thrombophilia cohort or in the subset with pediatric thrombosis (Table 1). This was true even when we re-evaluated by gender or by selecting for those with thrombophilia testing Conclusions: Abnormal PAI-1 antigen and activity levels are not solely dependent upon the 4G genotype and are likely influenced by other congenital and acquired factors. Among pediatric patients with thrombosis and particularly those with cancer and thrombosis, a possible effect from the PAI-1 4G polymorphism alone or in combination of FVL should be validated in a larger cohort. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Biodistribution and inflammatory response of intracranial delivery of scintillating nanoparticles

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have become a popular method for targeting tumors and impermeable tissue with drugs for treatment and imaging markers for biodetection. Nanomaterials are beneficial for medical treatment because they can be modified to have increased stability and carrying capacity, and their size and surface modifications allow them to reach otherwise impenetrable tissue. Nanoparticles have become particularly popular in medical imaging since they can be produced as scintillators that emit visible light which can be used in PET detectors, or they could be made with paramagnetic materials for magnetic resonance imaging. Localized or systemic injection can be used for delivery of nanoparticles; however, systemic injection without appropriate surface modifications is subjected to uptake by the mononuclear phagocytic system which clears particles from the circulation rapidly limiting their accumulation at target tissue and reducing efficacy. Here we demonstrate the biodistribution of Yttrium oxyorthosilicate nanoparticles doped with Cerium after localized injection to the cerebral cortex.
The chemistry of metal carbonyl anions

Abstract Reduction of several metal carbonyl dimers including Mn 2 ](CO) 10 , [C 5 H 5 Fe(C0) 2 ] 2 , Co 2 (CO) 8 , and [C 5 H 5 M(CO) 3 ] 2 (M = Cr, Mo and W) by sodium—potassium alloy (NaK) in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature provides a rapid and clean method for the production of the corresponding metal carbonyl anions in high yield. Isolation and characterization of [n-Bu 4 N] [Fe(CO) 2 C 5 H 5 ] from the iron dimer reduction is described. Reductions of other carbonyls including M(CO) 6 (M = Cr, Mo and W) and Re 2 (CO) 10 proceed more slowly than previously established methods and provide principally M 2 (CO) 10 2− and Re(CO) 5 5 − . Methods for the preparation of Re(CO) 5 − are critically considered. The reaction of NaK with [C 5 H 5 NiCO] 2 is discussed in relation to previously reported results. Infrared solution spectra of a number of carbonyl anions in THF, obtained in a special infrared solution cell, are reported.
Spatial variation in carotenoid plumage coloration and relationships between female coloration and quality in Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea)

Many birds use conspicuous plumage coloration to signal quality for sexual or social selection. However, it is still often unclear how intraspecific coloration and associated signaling vary spatially. Plumage coloration that is dependent on carotenoids may be ideal for studying spatial color variation because birds cannot naturally synthesize this pigment; therefore, bird coloration from carotenoids is at least partially contingent upon diet. As food availability often varies spatially, so might color and its signaling strength. While male coloration has received more research focus, less is known about female coloration and its relationships with social rank or sexual quality. To further improve our understanding of spatial variation in plumage coloration and correlations with individual quality, we compared Prothonotary Warblers breeding at 2 ecologically disparate sites separated by 1,300 km: in bottomland forests of Arkansas, USA, and the forests near the tidal freshwater James River in Virginia, USA. We assessed crown and breast plumage coloration for both sexes and compared several color metrics between sites. We then assessed surrogates of female quality (number of young fledged, number of eggs laid, provisioning rate, apparent annual survival, and nest depredation) and compared coloration-quality relationships between sites. We found that coloration of birds breeding in Arkansas was generally more elaborate than those breeding in Virginia. However, this was somewhat dependent on sex: females showed greater differences than males between sites. Additionally, color metrics of females breeding in Virginia showed stronger relationships with quality (all 5 quality metrics) than for birds breeding in Arkansas (only provisioning rate and nest depredation). Proximately, spatial variation in plumage coloration and the associated signaling may be explained by differences in diet between sites. Ultimately, spatial variation in intra- and intersexual selection pressures may explain how spatial variation in plumage signal strength evolved.
Reverse Prenyl Transferases Exhibit Poor Facial Discrimination in the Biosynthesis of Paraherquamide A, Brevianamide A, and Austamide

The mode of attachment of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) in the biosynthesis of the indole alkaloids paraherquamide A, austamide, and brevianamide A has been studied. Feeding experiments on Penicillium fellutanum, Penicillium brevicompactum, and Aspergillus ustus using [13C2]-acetate showed isotopic scrambling of the geminal methyl groups originating from C-2 of the indole ring precursors in paraherquamide A, brevianamide A, and austamide biosynthesis. The labeling patterns suggest that the methyl groups of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate become equivalent during the biosyntheses; a non-face-selective SN‘ mechanism has been invoked to account for these observations.
Abiotic formation of dissolved organic sulfur in anoxic sediments of Santa Barbara Basin

Abstract Sulfurization has been found to enhance organic matter preservation and petroleum formation in marine sediments. However, we do not yet have a comprehensive understanding of sulfurization mechanisms. In this study, we investigated several possible mechanisms of dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) formation in the top 4.5 m of anoxic sediments of Santa Barbara Basin (SBB), California Borderland. Using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR-MS), we identified chemical formulas of potential dissolved organic matter (DOM) precursors to these DOS compounds. We also examined how the formulas of abiotically formed DOS changed as a function of depth across a major redox gradient. Results show that abiotic nucleophilic addition reactions involving bisulfide (HS−) and polysulfide (HSx−) are the major sulfurization pathways that form DOS in anoxic pore waters of SBB sediments. We identified 2124 unique DOS formulas that could be generated from the addition of HS− and HSx− to 2203 DOM formulas, and this accounted for ∼70% of all DOS formulas detected in these pore waters. Examining the DOM formulas that served as reactants in the abiotic sulfurization reactions, we found that 64% contained only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO formulas) while the remainder (34%) included nitrogen (DON formulas). Our results revealed high reactivity toward sulfurization among many of the CHO and DON formulas that have H/C and O/C elemental ratios that overlap with those of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM). This specific class of formulas could play an important role in the formation of organic sulfur compounds in sulfidic marine ecosystems, and in the formation of sulfur-containing protokerogen in marine sediments. Our results further suggest that anoxic sediments are a source of DOS compounds to the oceans.
Randomized comparison of a reduced-visit prenatal care model enhanced with remote monitoring

Abstract Background Standard prenatal care, consisting of 12 – 14 visits per pregnancy, is expensive and resource intensive, with limited evidence supporting the structure, rhythm, or components of care. Some studies suggest a reduced-frequency prenatal care model is as safe as the standard model of care for low risk pregnant women, but evidence is limited. We developed and evaluated an innovative, technology-enhanced, reduced prenatal visit model (OB Nest). Objective To evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of OB Nest, a reduced frequency prenatal care model enhanced with remote home monitoring devices and nursing support. Study Design A single center randomized controlled trial, composed of pregnant women, age 18 to 36 years, recruited from an outpatient obstetric tertiary academic center in the Midwest, United States. OB Nest care consisted of 8 onsite appointments with an obstetric provider, 6 virtual visits consisting of phone or online communication with an assigned nurse, supplemented with fetal Doppler and sphygmomanometer home monitoring devices, and access to an online community of pregnant women. Usual care consisted of 12 pre-scheduled prenatal clinic appointments with obstetric providers. Acceptability of OB Nest was measured by validated surveys of patient satisfaction with care at 36 weeks, perception of stress at 14, 24 and 36 weeks and perceived quality of care at 36 weeks gestation. Effectiveness was analyzed by comparing adherence to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommended routine prenatal and ancillary services, maternal and fetal safety outcomes, and healthcare utilization. Results 300 pregnant women Conclusion OB Nest is an innovative, acceptable and effective reduced frequency prenatal care model. Compared to routine prenatal care, OB Nest resulted in higher patient satisfaction and lower prenatal stress, while reducing the number of appointments with clinicians and maintaining care standards for pregnant women. This program is a step toward evidence-driven, prenatal care that improves patient satisfaction.
The Role of Interprofessional Learning in Developing Transformative Health & Social Work Professionals

Interprofessional learning (IPL) is an integral part of all health and social care undergraduate education programmes at our university. It is widely considered that IPL encourages health and social care students to learn from and about one another and that this process underpins a better understanding not only of their own professional roles but also those of others. This in turn promotes more effective teamwork, enhances integrated service user pathways and therefore provides improved care for service users. IPL is transformative as it enables students to consider their role in the interprofessional team rather than focussing on themselves (Schmitt et al., 2011). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the experience of delivering IPL at our university by using examples from our modules in order to highlight and debate the importance of IPL in preparing health and social care students for their professional roles. The article will describe two IPL modules where students work in interprofessional groups exploring and discussing practice-based case studies. All of the staff and students involved completed a feedback questionnaire which evaluated their experiences of undertaking the case study exercise. The impact of these experiences will be discussed in terms of professional development for the students involved and the impact that these learning experiences have on their future roles. We will argue that these IPL experiences allow students to develop their own professional roles and identity, understand the roles of others and are enabled to provide more holistic care for service users. We believe that working together in interprofessional groups to look at practice-based service user case studies is transformative in that it enables the students to learn from and about other professionals, it equips them with knowledge about one another’s roles and enables them to work together more effectively with other members of the interprofessional team (CAIPE, 2008). This in turn enables the students to work together for the good of their service users and thereby becoming more compassionate and person-centred professionals.