cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Petroleum Potential of Serpentine Plugs and Associated Rocks, Central and South Texas: ABSTRACT

During deposition of the Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk and Taylor Marl, "serpentine plugs" formed by submarine volcanic activity along major fault zones in the ancient Gulf of Mexico. After eruption, palagonite-tuff mounds, formed by the hydration of basaltic glass, localized deposition of shoal-water carbonates on topographic highs. The serpentine plugs occur along an arcuate belt extending approximately 250 mi (400 km) from Milam County southwestward to Zavala County, Texas. Hydrocarbon traps in and around serpentine plugs have yielded approximately 47 million bbl of oil and significant quantities of natural gas from altered volcanic tuff and associated shoal-water carbonates. Shallower production is from overlying sedimentary rocks structurally influenced by volcanic plugs. Entrapment of hydrocarbons occurs as: (1) stratigraphic traps within porous zones of carbonate units; (2) stratigraphic traps within porous volcanic tuff (serpentine); (3) structural traps within overlying sands; and (4) traps within high-porosity fracture zones. Exploration for plugs should be concentrated along existing fault zones by either magnetic or seismic surveys. Analysis of the plugs suggests that there are at least 3 distinctive groups: (1) a southern group characterized by well-developed and productive marginal sands; (2) a middle group characterized by hydrocarbon-saturated biocalcarenite and reworked volcaniclastic facies; and (3) a northern group in which the dominant hydrocarbon saturation is in the volcanics themselves. Each of these groups appears to reflect a somewhat different geologic history. End_of_Article - Last_Page 504------------
EXCITATIONS IN DOUBLY-MAGIC SUPERDEFORMED PB-194

A new superdeformed band with an intensity [similar to]5% relative to the yrast superdeformed band has been observed in [sup 194]Pb. Evidence for a second new band corresponding to the signature partner is also presented. These bands were observed with GAMMASPHERE early implementation via the [sup 174]Yb([sup 25]Mg, 5[ital n]) reaction at a beam energy of 130 MeV. The rotational characteristics of the new bands suggest an interpretation involving particle-hole excitations in the doubly-magic [sup 194]Pb superdeformed core. The results are compared to neighboring nuclei and recent theoretical calculations, and possible configurations are suggested.
Nanotube Potential Future in Nuclear Power

The nanotubes presents high potential of applications in nuclear power, integrating them both in advanced fuels developments nano-breeding and in nano-shielding. The carbon nanotubes may be successfully used to create fuel wires used in high temperature applications and near perfect burning generating new procedures in nuclear reactor waste management while reducing the waste by two orders of magnitude. The modified nanowire may hold various other materials as conductors and insulators being useful in direct conversion of the nuclear energy into electricity, by including in the center a sequence of high and low electron density conductors. As direct conversion structures they can handle all the required functions into a nuclear reactor or energy harvesting blanket to assure high power density, high efficiency and minimal waste. Another very challenging application is the usage of nanotube to channel low energy nuclear radiation and guide it, similar to the GHz wave-guides or to hundreds of THz optic fibers. The operation domain of the nanotubes is placed mainly in the domain of UV to X rays, being the role of composite structures or nanowire channeling to cover the gamma ray domain. The carbon nanotubes may become useful cold neutrons transport devices with directive capabilities as short bending or focusing. The theoretical approaches and simulations predicted these new application capabilities of nanowires for nuclear materials with exceptional properties.
Structural geology and regional tectonics of the Mineral County area, Nevada, using Shuttle Imaging Radar-B and digital aeromagnetic data

SIR-B and aeromagnetic lineaments show a correlation with known faults within the Walker Lane of the western Basin and Range Province. Walker Lane faults can be extended based on SIR-B data and unmapped Walker Lane features are identified. South of the Pancake Range lineament, Walker Lane faults are seldom recognized but SIR-B data have the potential for delineating structural features in this area. Earthquake hypocenter distribution in profiles across a SIR-B lineament is consistent with that expected from a vertical fault. Field examination indicates that the lineament is an unmapped neotectonic Walker Lane feature.
Mechanistic Insights into Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Dienes

Hydrogenation of 2,3-diphenylbutadiene (1) with the chiral carbene-oxazoline-iridium complex C has been studied by means of a combined experimental and computational approach. A detailed kinetic profile of the reaction was obtained with respect to consumption of the substrate and formation of the intermediate half-reduction products, 2,3-diphenylbut-1-ene (2) and the final product, 2,3-diphenylbutane (3). The data generated from these analyses, and from NMR experiments, revealed several facets of the reaction. After a brief induction period (presumably involving reduction of the cyclooctadiene ligand on C), the diene concentration declines in a zero-order process primarily to give monoene intermediates. When all the diene is consumed, the reaction accelerates and compound 3 begins to accumulate. Interestingly, the prevalent enantiomer of the monoene intermediate 2 is converted mostly to meso-3 so the enantioselectivity of the reaction appears to reverse. The reaction seems to be first-order with respect to the catalyst when the catalyst concentration is less than 0.0075 M; diffusion of hydrogen across the gas-liquid interface complicates the analysis at higher catalyst concentrations. Similarly, these diffusion effects complicated measurements of reaction rate versus applied pressure of dihydrogen; other factors like stir speed and flask geometry come into play under some, but not all, the conditions examined. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, using the PBE method, were used to probe the reaction. These studies indicate a transoid-eta(4)-diene-dihydride complex forms in the first stages of the catalytic cycle. Further reaction requires dissociation of one alkene ligand to give a eta(2)-diene-dihydride-dihydrogen intermediate. A catalytic cycle that features Ir(3+)/Ir(5+) seems to be involved thereafter.
Noise Figure Measurement Using Mixed-Signal BIST

A built-in self-test (BIST) approach for functionality measurements, including noise figure (NF), linearity and frequency response of analog circuitry in mixed-signal systems, is presented. The BIST circuitry consists of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) based test pattern generator (TPG) and a multiplier/accumulator based output response analyzer (ORA). The BIST approach has been implemented in hardware and used for actual NF measurements for comparison with measurements from external test equipment.
Adapting SVM Classifiers to Data with Shifted Distributions

Many data mining applications can benefit from adapt- ing existing classifiers to new data with shifted distribu- tions. In this paper, we present Adaptive Support Vector Machine (Adapt-SVM) as an efficient model for adapting a SVM classifier trained from one dataset to a new dataset where only limited labeled examples are available. By in- troducing a new regularizer into SVM's objective function, Adapt-SVM aims to minimize both the classification error over the training examples, and the discrepancy between the adapted and original classifier. We also propose a selective sampling strategy based on the loss minimization principle to seed the most informative examples for classifier adap- tation. Experiments on an artificial classification task and on a benchmark video classification task shows that Adapt- SVM outperforms several baseline methods in terms of ac- curacy and/or efficiency.
Premorbid Personality Characteristics in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Exploratory Case–Control Study

Linking data from a case–control study of Alzheimer’s disease with data from a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) outpatient study, we identified 13 Alzheimer's disease cases and 16 controls for case–control comparison. The mean time between personality testing and onset of Alzheimer's disease (or corresponding age for controls) was 13 years in cases and 14 years in controls. Alzheimer's disease cases, but not the controls, had scores significantly greater than the normative reference on MMPI scales measuring Social Introversion (p = 0.05), and Pessimism (p = 0.01). When compared to controls, Alzheimer's disease cases had significantly greater scores on the Social Introversion scale (p = 0.03). Despite the small sample size and some design limitations of this exploratory study, our findings may suggest that subjects who score higher on these personality scales have a greater risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Display requirements for future man&#8212;Machine systems

The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the parameters of display devices that might better serve the needs of highly interactive man-machine systems. Examples of what is meant by "highly interactive" are those systems designed to aid editors in the acquisition, correction, and production editing of "camera-ready" textual information, assist with the development of design drawings in computer-aided engineering design, and provide for development and management information systems graphic reports that can be interacted with by the user. CRTs are the most versatile and ubiquitous form of display in the machine-to-man communication part of this interface. Two major technical drawbacks to CRTs for this function are the size of the work space and the resolution. To significantly increase either of these greatly increases the costs that are already too high for many applications. For the man-to-machine portion of the interface, the CRT has some undesirable characteristics.
Synaptic Vesicle Populations in Saccular Hair Cells Reconstructed by Electron Tomography

We used electron tomography to map the three-dimensional architecture of the ribbon-class afferent synapses in frog saccular hair cells. The synaptic body (SB) at each synapse was nearly spherical (468 +/- 65 nm diameter; mean +/- SD) and was covered by a monolayer of synaptic vesicles (34.3 nm diameter; 8.8% coefficient of variation), many of them tethered to it by approximately 20-nm-long filaments, at an average density of 55% of close-packed (376 +/- 133 vesicles per SB). These vesicles could support approximately 900 msec of exocytosis at the reported maximal rate, which the cells can sustain for at least 2 sec, suggesting that replenishment of vesicles on the SB is not rate limiting. Consistent with this interpretation, prolonged K+ depolarization did not deplete vesicles on the SB. The monolayer of SB-associated vesicles remained after cell lysis in the presence of 4 mM Ca2+, indicating that the association is tight and Ca2+-resistant. The space between the SB and the plasma membrane contained numerous vesicles, many of which ( approximately 32 per synapse) were in contact with the plasma membrane. This number of docked vesicles could support maximal exocytosis for at most approximately 70 msec. Additional docked vesicles were seen within a few hundred nanometers of the synapse and occasionally at greater distances. The presence of omega profiles on the plasma membrane around active zones, in the same locations as coated pits and coated vesicles labeled with an extracellular marker, suggests that local membrane recycling may contribute to the three- to 14-fold greater abundance of vesicles in the cytoplasm (not associated with the SB) near synapses than in nonsynaptic regions.
Diffusion-controlled spherulite growth in obsidian inferred from H2O concentration profiles

Spherulites are spherical clusters of radiating crystals that occur naturally in rhyolitic obsidian. The growth of spherulites requires diffusion and uptake of crystal forming components from the host rhyolite melt or glass, and rejection of non-crystal forming components from the crystallizing region. Water concentration profiles measured by synchrotron-source Fourier transform spectroscopy reveal that water is expelled into the surrounding matrix during spherulite growth, and that it diffuses outward ahead of the advancing crystalline front. We compare these profiles to models of water diffusion in rhyolite to estimate timescales for spherulite growth. Using a diffusion-controlled growth law, we find that spherulites can grow on the order of days to months at temperatures above the glass transition. The diffusion-controlled growth law also accounts for spherulite size distribution, spherulite growth below the glass transition, and why spherulitic glasses are not completely devitrified.
XAFS studies of Ni, Ta, and Nb chlorides in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride/aluminum chloride

The structure of anhydrous nickel, niobium and tantalum metal chlorides in ionic liquids IL) is important in the development of new electrochemical alloy deposition techniques. In order to understand the interactions of these metal ions with ionic liquids, we have investigated their structures in situ with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The ionic liquid used in this study is 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride (EMIC)/aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and is formed by the addition of the Lewis acid AlCl3 to the EMIC. The acid-base character of the IL can be changed by varying the ratio of the AlCl3 to EMIC and thus changing the concentration of Cl. This dramatically changes the structure of species formed when the metal chlorides dissolve in the solution. The coordination of NiCl2 changes from tetrahedral in basic solution to octahedral in acidic solution. The NiCl2 is also a stronger Lewis acid in that it can induce the aluminum chloride to share its chlorides in the strong acid solution forming a structure with six near Cl ions and 8 further away Al ions which share all the Cl ions surrounding the Ni 2+ . When Nb2Cl10, a dimer, is added to the acidic or basic solution, the dimer breaks up and forms two species. In the acid solution, two trigonal bipyramids are formed with five equal chloride distances while in the basic solution, a square pyramid with four chlorides forming a square base and one shorter axial chloride bond. Ta2Cl10 is also a dimer and breaks in half in the acidic solution and forms two trigonal bipyramids. However, in the basic solution the dimer divides in half but the specie formed is sufficiently acidic that it attracts two additional chloride ions and forms a seven coordinated tantalum specie.
An Introduction to the ACR-NEMA Standards

The ACR-NEMA Standard was developed initially as an interface standard for the interconnection of two pieces of imaging equipment. The Standard defines a point-to-point, hardware connection with the necessary protocol and data structure so that two differing devices which meet the specification will be able to intercommunicate.
Learning Where to Look for Danger: Integrating Affective and Spatial Information:

Although not previously addressed by researchers of spatial cognition or affect, the combination of spatial and affective information is essential for many approach and avoidance behaviors, and thus for survival. We provide the first evidence that through incidental experience, people form representations that capture correlations between affective and spatial information. Participants were able to do so even when the correlation was weak, they were not told to look for the correlation, and the stimuli varied on multiple other dimensions besides valence. In addition, people were more sensitive to the presented correlation when stimuli were negative than when they were positive. This asymmetry in representation may stem from underlying differences in the activation functions for positive and negative hedonic information processing.
Successful Treatment of a Massive Metoprolol Overdose Using Intravenous Lipid Emulsion and Hyperinsulinemia/Euglycemia Therapy

Adrenergic β-antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, are prescribed for many indications including hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, and migraines. Metoprolol is a moderately lipophilic β-blocker that in overdose causes direct myocardial depression leading to bradycardia, hypotension, and the potential for cardiovascular collapse. We describe the case of a 59-year-old man who intentionally ingested ~7.5 g of metoprolol tartrate. Initial treatment of bradycardia and hypotension included glucagon, atropine, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Despite these treatment modalities, the patient developed cardiac arrest. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) and hyperinsulinemia/euglycemia (HIE) therapies were initiated during advanced cardiac life support and were immediately followed by return of spontaneous circulation. Further treatment included gastric lavage, activated charcoal, continued vasopressor therapy, and a repeat bolus of ILE. The patient was weaned off vasoactive infusions and was extubated within 24 hours. HIE therapy was continued for 36 hours after metoprolol ingestion. A urine β-blocker panel using mass spectrometry revealed a metoprolol concentration of 120 ng/ml and the absence of other β-blocking agents. To date, no clear treatment guidelines are available for β-blocker overdose, and the response to toxic concentrations is highly variable. In this case of a life-threatening single-agent metoprolol overdose, the patient was successfully treated with HIE and ILE therapy. Due to the increasing frequency with which ILE and HIE are being used for the treatment of β-blocker overdose, clinicians should be aware of their dosing strategies and indications.
‘Bahia Pêlo Negro’ Can the subaltern (subject of raciality) speak?

This article revisits the theme of representation by examining the relationship between difference and transparency. I argue that the current purchase of multiculturalism and diversity marks the ‘officialization’ of the 1980s politics of difference, which refashioned previous formulations of racial and cultural difference without challenging their ontological premises. Through a reading of the Bloco Olodum’s 1988s carnival lyrics, I chart the articulation of signifiers of Africanity, as a marker of cultural difference, which writes the black Brazilian as subaltern subject without producing a particular version of a (self-)transparent (interior/temporal) African subject. Instead, in this emancipatory text, Africanity delimits a region of subalternity, one inhabited by Africans and economically dispossessed blacks in the diaspora, which is defined in terms of a political struggle that marks their existence in post-Enlightenment social configurations. Not only does the interpretive strategy I deploy show how...
High $Q$ -Factor In-Plane-Mode Resonant Microsensor Platform for Gaseous/Liquid Environment

This paper presents a novel resonant-microsensor platform for chemical and biological sensing applications in gaseous and liquid environment. The disk-shape microstructure is operated in a rotational in-plane mode with typical resonance frequencies between 300 and 1000 kHz. By shearing the surrounding fluid instead of compressing it, damping is reduced, and high quality factors are achieved. The resonators feature electrothermal excitation elements and a piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge for detection, sensitive only to the in-plane rotational vibration mode. Microresonators with different dimensions have been fabricated and extensively characterized, achieving quality factors of up to 5800 in air. First tests performed in water after parylene coating show a Q factor of approximately 100. Short-term frequency stabilities obtained from Allan-variance measurements with 1-s gate time are as low as 1.2times10-8 in air and 2.3times10-6 in water. An analytical model describing the mechanical behavior of the disk resonators, represented by a simple harmonic oscillator, is derived. In particular, expression for the resonance frequency and quality factor of the disk resonators subject to air/liquid damping are proposed and compared with experimental results.
Arthroscopic ankle fusion: a change of the "gold standard": Commentary on an article by David Townshend, MBBS, FRCS(Orth), et al.: "Arthroscopic versus open ankle arthrodesis: a multicenter comparative case series".

The twentieth-century economist John Maynard Keynes once described the “gold standard” as “a barbarous relic” and noted that “the difficulty lies not so much in developing new ideas as in escaping from old ones.”1 Often our clinical judgment is borne from the principles that we learned from our mentors during our training, and the practicing orthopaedist may struggle with the “gold standard” dictum when exposed to new techniques. In the past few years, access to cutting-edge procedures has become readily available through web-based media and web symposia, permitting instant dissemination of new treatments that may not have been adequately or objectively peer-reviewed. The late 1990s marked the advent of minimally invasive hip and knee replacement, image guidance, percutaneous fracture plating, and reliable arthroscopic shoulder techniques. In the past decade, our profession has made great strides in performing musculoskeletal procedures that focus on the preservation of surrounding soft tissues and the reduction of postoperative pain. Between 1997 and 2004, the number of Medicare-approved ambulatory surgery centers nearly doubled, and a drastic change in the ratio of inpatient to outpatient procedures occurred from the early 1980s to the 2000s2. These advances have allowed for shorter hospital stays and a shift toward more outpatient procedures, which can lower the rate of complications and decrease the overall cost of care. While the aforementioned trends are exciting for patients and surgeons alike, our profession must be …
Streamlining Use of Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide

The NCHRP Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) is a powerful tool for the design and analysis of highway pavements. Currently, the designer uses an iterative process to select design parameters and predict performance. If performance is unacceptable, the designer must change the design parameters until acceptable performance is achieved. A procedure outlined here used multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS) to develop predictive models obtained from a series of actual pavement design solutions from MEPDG software. Two model structures were developed: a series of models to predict individual pavement distress (rutting, fatigue cracking, and roughness) and a forward solution to predict pavement thickness from a desired level of distress. This model can be used to determine a starting thickness, which then can be used with the MEPDG software to obtain a refined design, potentially with fewer iterations to define an acceptable design thickness. These thickness prediction models can be devel...
Time-Resolved Measurement of Droplet Size and Concentration in Cloud Chambers

Abstract An optical method for measuring droplet size and concentration in a cloud chamber on a time-resolved basis is discussed. During the growth of the droplets, speed transmission at two wavelengths of light is continuously measured by high-speed electronic equipment. Interpretation of the resulting transmission vs time curves is made on the bash of Mie muttering theory. The appearance of oscillatory regions in the transmission curves is related to the primary oscillations of the scattering coefficient and indicates the presence of a monodisperse cloud. Two methods of data interpretation are discussed from which absolute values of droplet silt and concentration are obtained. Final droplet diameters from 1.75–10.4 μm with corresponding concentrations from 1.80 × 106–1.15 × 104 cm−3 have been measured in our cloud chamber. The technique is applicable to condensation studies conducted in Wilson cloud chambers. We suggest that apparatus of the type described is also suitable for the absolute calibration o...
Stability and transformation in gender, work, and family: insights from the second shift for the next quarter century

Arlie Hochschild's The second shift: Working families and the revolution at home argued that the revolution toward gender equality in the USA has been stalled due to three factors: (1) women continue to do most of the ‘second shift’ – the unpaid work of childcare and housework; (2) insufficient flexibility in the workplace for accommodating family caregiving needs; and (3) a deficit of public sector benefits, such as paid parental leave. Since the book's publication in1989, many aspects of the gender structure (how gendered opportunities, barriers, and cultural meanings are socially structured in the USA) remain the same. Yet many aspects have changed. This article looks at areas of stability in the gender structure and areas of transformation in the past quarter century. We then plumb the book for the analytical insights it generates for scholars today. We discuss how deep-seated cultural understandings of gender infuse all levels of analysis: macro-level policies, family and work institutions, and perso...
Pseudochalazion of the upper lid due to hard contact lens embedding - case reports and literature review

Two cases of pseudochalazion formation secondary to hard contact lens embedding are reported. In all previously reported cases a lump, swelling, mucopurulence, and ptosis were the most common presenting symptoms. Embedding usually occurred concave to the globe in the supratarsal region. The cases reported herein are unique in that the location of one lens was beneath the tarsal conjunctiva, and in the second case there was spontaneous release of the lens after four months of embedding.
Functional Innervation of Rabbit Salivary Gland

SummaryAcinar cells of submaxillary gland of rabbit are not innervated by impulses passing through the superior cervical ganglion, as evidence by the lack of sympathetically induced secretory potentials and salivary flow. On the other hand, sympathetic impulses produced both salivation and secretory potentials in parotid gland of rabbit.
Does the Concept of the Mature Minor Need Revision

In a recent issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, Brian Partridge provides a thoughtful review of the scope, history, psychologic and neurophysiologic aspects of the concept of the mature minor as it relates to medical care.1 As a general rule, persons under the age of legal majority are considered incapable of providing legal consent for medical care. The consent of a parent or guardian is required for medical intervention except when a parent or guardian is not available to provide consent and the child would likely suffer harm if medical intervention is not provided emergently. Over the past 50 years, however, the circumstances under which minors are allowed to provide legal consent on their own behalf …
Sequestration-Mediated Downregulation of de Novo Purine Biosynthesis by AMPK.

Dynamic partitioning of de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes into multienzyme compartments, purinosomes, has been associated with increased flux of de novo purine biosynthesis in human cells. However, we do not know of a mechanism by which de novo purine biosynthesis would be downregulated in cells. We have investigated the functional role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the regulation of de novo purine biosynthesis because of its regulatory action on lipid and carbohydrate biosynthetic pathways. Using pharmacological AMPK activators, we have monitored subcellular localizations of six pathway enzymes tagged with green fluorescent proteins under time-lapse fluorescence single-cell microscopy. We revealed that only one out of six pathway enzymes, formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthase (FGAMS), formed spatially distinct cytoplasmic granules after treatment with AMPK activators, indicating the formation of single-enzyme self-assemblies. In addition, subsequent biophysical studies using fluoresce...
Prevention Measures for Rural Surface Pollution of Ground Drinking Water Sources in Sanming City

Rural surface pollution has become one of major factors that affect the water quality of drinking water sources.Taking an example from the treatment of rural surface pollution of ground drinking waters sources in Dongya River,this paper puts forward a series of prevention measures and suggestions on how to deal with the problem of rural surface pollution.
Gap navigation trees: Minimal representation for visibility-based tasks

In this paper we present our advances in a data structure, the Gap Navigation Tree (GNT), useful for solving different visibility-based robotic tasks in unknown planar environments. We present its use for optimal robot navigation in simply-connected environments, locally optimal navigation in multiply-connected environments, pursuit-evasion, and robot localization. The guiding philosophy of this work is to avoid traditional problems such as complete map building and exact localization by constructing a minimal representation based entirely on critical events in online sensor measurements made by the robot. The data structure is introduced from an information space perspective, in which the information used among the different visibility-based tasks is essentially the same, and it is up to the robot strategy to use it accordingly for the completion of the particular task. This is done through a simple sensor abstraction that reports the discontinuities in depth information of the environment from the robot’s perspective (gaps), and without any kind of geometric measurements. The GNT framework was successfully implemented on a real robot platform.
Leading for Quality: The Implications of Situational Leadership

This case study determined whether the flexibility of CEOs to adapt their style to the followers' ability and willingness to change affected the implementation of an effective quality system. The H...
Foodservice industry market profile study: in-plant beef fat trim level survey and cutting yields.

Fifty foodservice purveying companies were sampled in 12 U.S. cities evenly distributed across six geographical regions. Beef whole muscle cuts (WMC) and portion control items (PCI) from the primal rib and loin were evaluated for surface fat levels. Fat thicknesses were measured on WMC before and after fabrication, whereas additional PCI were measured for fat trim levels before distribution. The average initial fat thickness was 11.9 mm (174 Short Loin and 180A Strip Loin) and 15.6 mm (184 Top Sirloin Butt); maximum fat thicknesses ranged from 16.2 mm (strip loin) to 22.2 mm (top sirloin butt). After fabrication, average fat thicknesses were 6.2, 5.1, and 4.0 mm for resulting products from the short loin, strip loin, and top sirloin butt, respectively. The average initial fat thickness for the strip loin was greater (P < .05) in Southeast and Northeast regions than in Mountain/Desert, Midwest, and Southwest regions. In contrast, average trimmed fat thicknesses for products from the strip loin and top sirloin butt were lower (P < .05) in the Southeast and Northeast than in all other regions. Average fat trim levels for PCI were 3.0 (1112A Ribeye Roll steak, Lip-On), 5.3 (1173B/1174B T-Bone/Porterhouse steak), 5.0 (1180A Strip Loin steak), and 4.0 mm (1184B Top Sirloin steak). Maximum fat trim levels were 4.4 (IMPS 1112A), 7.4 (IMPS 1173B/1174B), 6.9 (IMPS 1180A), and 5.5 mm (IMPS 1184B). The PCI had average and maximum fat trim levels in compliance with USDA (1988) recommendations for fat trim specifications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Phenomenology and Psychological Correlates of Verbal Prayer

In the process of Christian verbal prayer there are two basic categories: petitionary prayer and prayer of relationship. In contrast to the stereotype of most prayer as petitionary, in this study o...
Theoretical Analysis of Thermal Transport in Graphene Supported on Hexagonal Boron Nitride: The Importance of Strong Adhesion Due to π -Bond Polarization

Graphene could be a wonder material for electronics, due to not just its electrical but also its $t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l$ conductivity, to help keep nanodevices cool. Laying graphene on a substrate tends to spoil this terrific property, but the authors find that atop $h$-BN, graphene surprisingly retains 90% of its thermal conductivity, due to polarization of the graphene and thus strong interlayer adhesion. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interlayer interactions of graphene with dielectric materials in devices.
China’s Role in World Food Security

As the world’s most populous country, China is facing great challenges in providing sufficient quantity and good quality of food from its domestic supply. The fast-growing demand for grains, stemming from a growth in population, the increasing calories consumed per capita, and the growing share of animal protein are the main challenges. China is also faced with limitations to production as a result of to water scarcity and a decrease in arable land resulting from urbanisation and desertification. China has steadily increased its oilseed and feed grain imports from the world market, while trying to intensify its domestic production of food grains with strong policy support.
Microbe Hunters by Paul de Kruif: A Major Force in Microbiological History

Chances are good that when you ask senior microbiologists how they got into this science, they will tell you that they were influenced as teenagers by reading Microbe Hunters. I was about 14 years old when I did, and I became transfixed by the glorious and intrepid achievements of our forefathers, told in a jaunty and florid style. There was nothing else I wanted to do with myself than to become a Microbe Hunter.
Mutually Private Location Proximity Detection with Access Control

Mobile application users want to consume location-based services without disclosing their locations and data owners (DO) want to provide different levels of service based on consumer classifications, sometimes without disclosing areas of interest (AOI) locations to all users. Both actors want to leverage location-based services utility without sacrificing privacy. We propose a protocol that supports queries from different classifications of users, such as subscribers/non-subscribers, or internal/external personnel, and imposes embedded fine-grained access control without disclosing user or DO location information. We use Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) and Hidden Vector Encryption (HVE) to provide flexible access control and mutually private proximity detection (MPPD). Our protocol minimizes expensive cryptographic operations through the use of location mapping with compressed Gray codes, each representing multiple locations. Our protocol encrypts AOI locations using HVE, and then encrypts AOI information using CP-ABE with an expressive access policy. Our protocol’s use of these two encryption methods allows DOs to define a single set of AOIs that can be accessed by sets of users, each with potentially different access permissions. A separate service provider (SP) processes queries without divulging location information of the user or any DO provided AOI.
A wearable and reconfigurable folded slot antenna for body-worn devices

In this paper, a wearable reconfigurable antenna based on the concept of folded slot antennas is reported. The antenna is designed over Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) to reduce the impedance mismatch due to the presence of human body and also to minimize the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The antenna and AMC surface are designed on a flexible substrate so that the antenna structure can be curved and mounted on human body.
Distributed generators optimal sizing and placement in a microgrid using PSO

A micorgrid is a small size distribution grid that integrated various on-site distributed energy sources to satisfy the local energy demand. A microgrid can either be connected to the main utility grid or operate in islanded mode. The technical, economic and environmental benefits associated with microgrids have led to extensive research in this area. However, development of advanced planning and operation algorithms is necessary to justify the investment cost and pave the way for microgrid deployments. This paper presents a new planning approach based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the optimal size and placement of distributed generation (DG) units in a microgrid. The economics of DG units, power exchange with the main grid, and penalty for not supplying the loads are taken into consideration.
Molecular switch-like regulation in motor proteins.

Motor proteins are powered by nucleotide hydrolysis and exert mechanical work to carry out many fundamental biological tasks. To ensure their correct and efficient performance, the motors9 activities are allosterically regulated by additional factors that enhance or suppress their NTPase activity. Here, we review two highly conserved mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis activation and repression operating in motor proteins—the glutamate switch and the arginine finger—and their associated regulatory factors. We examine the implications of these regulatory mechanisms in proteins that are formed by multiple ATPase subunits. We argue that the regulatory mechanisms employed by motor proteins display features similar to those described in small GTPases, which require external regulatory elements, such as dissociation inhibitors, exchange factors and activating proteins, to switch the protein9s function ‘on’ and ‘off9. Likewise, similar regulatory roles are taken on by the motor9s substrate, additional binding factors, and even adjacent subunits in multimeric complexes. However, in motor proteins, more than one regulatory factor and the two mechanisms described here often underlie the machine9s operation. Furthermore, ATPase regulation takes place throughout the motor9s cycle, which enables a more complex function than the binary ‘active9 and ‘inactive9 states. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Allostery and molecular machines9.
Stress induction affects copper and zinc balance in calves fed organic and inorganic copper and zinc sources.

This study determined whether Cu and Zn balance was affected by feeding either Zn methionine (ZnMet) + Cu lysine (CuLys) or Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) + Cu sulfate (CuSO4) before and after stressing calves. Eight Charolais crossbred steer calves weighting 167 +/- 5 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments in a crossover experimental design. The millet hay and soybean meal diet when supplemented with the inorganic salts provided 9.2 ppm of Cu and 36.6 ppm of Zn or when fortified with the metal complexes contained 10.5 ppm of Cu and 36.6 ppm of Zn. Gentled calves were fed their respective diets for 28 d before an 18-d mineral balance trial was conducted. Collection consisted of five periods: 1) a 5-d baseline period, 2) 3 d of no Cu and Zn supplement, 3) 3 d of stress consisting of feed and water restriction and ACTH (80 IU) injections i.m. every 8 h, 4) 3 d of refeeding with no Cu and Zn supplement, and 5) 4 d of Cu and Zn repletion. Calves fed CuLys had 53% greater apparent Cu absorption and increased Cu retention (P .05) in apparent absorption or retention of Zn were found between Zn sources, although during the 18-d trial mean retention was 58% higher when ZnMet was fed. Urinary Cu and Zn excretion decreased (P < .01) during stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biological Effects of High Peak Power Radio Frequency Pulses

During the early years of research on the potential hazards of Radio Frequency (RF) radiation, scientists have considered the possibility that a pulsed RF field could produce effects other than those produced by continuous-wave (CW) radiation at the same average power. Recent developments in high peak power pulsed microwave systems have rekindled interest in exploring potential biological effects of high peak power radiofrequency pulses. Systems capable of delivering 100 gigawatt (GW) pulses to a transmitting antenna and establishing hundreds of kV/m peak E-field intensity in the beam path are known to exist [Agee et al.1995]. Safety aspects of high peak power, ultra-short electromagnetic signals have been questioned [Albanese et al.1994] and debated [Merritt et al.1995, Adair 1995]. Postow and Swicord [1996]concluded that pulsed microwaves produced by radar transmitters could not cause biological effects other than those caused by exposure to continuous wave (CW) radiation at the same average power density of the pulsed microwaves. Apparently, their conclusion should not be generalized to include the specific and replicable auditory effects of microwave pulses. Lin [1989] found that few protection guidelines and exposure standards published by various organizations have established limits to guard against potential hazards of pulsed RF radiation. Studies on comparisons of biological effects between high peak power but low average pulsed RF radiation and CW radiation of equal average intensity (absorption) are sparse. As a result, existing personnel protection guidelines for high peak power pulsed radiofrequency radiation have often been based on guess work with many uncertainties. This lack of an adequate or appropriate biological database for pulsed RF has recently been recognized by at least one standards’ setting group, ICNIRP [ICNIRP 1998].
On the Nature of Natural Necessity

The trouble with philosophers, or one trouble with philosophers, or at least with one kind of philosopher, is that the questions that interest us are the questions that don’t have answers, or don’t have straightforward answers. Not only are we unable to lay out straightforwardly in a given case our materials and methods, but it’s just when we don’t have results to report either, that we want to share our perplexities with others. Some philosophers believe, indeed, that it’s only the insoluble problems that count as philosophical at all. All this is to say that it’s rather a puzzle than a clear solution to a puzzle that I want to discuss here.
Evidence for Lunar-Type Objects in the Early Solar System

Objects of the solar system, in addition to the Sun, can be classified into four groups — the planets, objects of lunar mass, smaller objects of variable mass and the comets.
Psychological Orientations to the Work Role: 1957–1976

Work in America, a report of a special task force to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare in 1973, presented a gloomy picture of the life of the American worker in the 1970s. That report summarized the research observations and social speculations about the nature of work in the 20th century that have filled the social scientific journals and college classrooms for many years. It was an excellent integrative survey, well balanced with both theory and empirical information, and it offered some ameliorative proposals for the sorry state of our work life. No group seemed to be exempt from its pessimistic view: blue- and white-collar workers, managers, young and old people, women in the labor force, those who are full-time housewives—all were diagnosed to have similar chronic and debilitating problems within their lives stemming from difficulties in the meaning or lack of meaning of work.
Paul revere protocols

At the start of the American Revolution, Paul Revere designed one of the most famous covert signaling protocols in history. Though incredibly simple, it has interesting features that we explore in this paper. We also consider the use of Paul Revere protocols in covert computer communication. The Sleeping Beauty problem is a heavily researched puzzle in the theory of probability that previously only had counterintuitive descriptions and complex analyses. Representing it using Paul Revere protocols in covert computer communication provides a clear, natural explanation and simple resolution of this problem.
Reputation system for ensuring data trustworthiness of crowdsourced weather stations: poster abstract

Decision making in utilities, municipal, and energy companies depends on accurate and trustworthy weather information and predictions. Recently, crowdsourced personal weather stations (PWS) are being widely used to provide a higher spatial and temporal resolution of weather measurements. For instance, increasing attention is being paid to the potential of PWS data to improve flash-flood assessment and prediction. However, tools and methods to ensure the trustworthiness of the crowd-sourced data in real-time are largely missing. In this paper, we present a Reputation System for Crowdsourced Rainfall Networks (RSCRN) to assign trust scores to personal weather stations in a region. Using real PWS data from the Weather Underground service in the high flood risk region of Norfolk, Virginia, we validate the performance and robustness of the proposed RSCRN. The proposed method is able to converge to a confident trust score for a PWS within 10-20 observations of installation and can robustly respond to any discrepancies in the data due to failure or malicious intent. We benchmark the performance of the proposed method with high-fidelity and trusted hydrological sensor data, which are usually expensive to install. Collectively, the results indicate that the trust score derived from the RSCRN can reflect the collective measure of trustworthiness to the PWS, ensuring both useful and trustworthy data for modeling and decision-making in the future.
Short Tandem Repeats Define a Gestational Origin for Metastatic Choriocarcinoma

This report presents the case of an apparently healthy female patient with a history of placenta accreta who was transferred from an outside hospital with the chief complaint of shortness of breath and a large spontaneous hemothorax requiring surgical exploration. Resection of a large, bleeding lower lobe mass identified metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma, a previously unreported cause of spontaneous hemothorax and an equally rare consequence of placenta accreta. The identification of novel genomic features associated with gestational choriocarcinoma allowed for confirmation of this subtype, which has clinical implications for surveillance and prognosis after treatment with adjuvant therapy.
Improving access to cancer genetic services: perspectives of high-risk clients in a community-based setting.

Cancer genetic services are underutilized by high-risk clients in community-based health settings. To understand this disparity, 108 Planned Parenthood high-risk clients completed a utilization-focused survey. Clients expressed interest (78.8%) and intention (75.0%) in seeking genetic services. Personal/familial implications for cancer risk were the strongest motivators for seeking services (63.0–79.6%). Finances (39.6%) and worry (37.0%) were the biggest barriers. To reduce disparities in access to cancer genetics services, clinicians must understand clients’ concerns and tailor their recommendations.
Postnational Perspectives on Contemporary Hispanic Literature ed. by Heike Scharm and Natalia Matta-Jara (review)

Scharm, Heike, and Natalia Matta-Jara, eds. Postnational Perspectives on Contemporary Hispanic Literature . Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017.
Galileo’s Stances Toward Copernican Astronomy

We have seen that the astronomical observational objections presented a serious obstacle to the acceptance of the key Copernican thesis of the earth’s motion. Galileo was impressed as much as anyone by the power of these anti-Copernican arguments. Nevertheless, he was able to find a way out of these difficulties. This was a long, arduous, and tortuous process. To understand and assess how Galileo defended Copernicus in this regard, we have to examine how his attitude toward Copernican astronomy and astronomical observation evolved in the course of his life, especially in his earlier career. To this we now turn.