cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Experience with N-butyl Cyanoacryiate (Nexacryl) Tissue Adhesive

Background: To investigate the indications, outcomes, and complications of N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for ocular clinical use. This tissue adhesive is under investigation by the Food and Drug Administration. Methods: N-butyl cyanoacrylate was used as an investigational device on 44 patients at the authors' institution over a 2-year period. The charts of these patients were reviewed. Results: The indications for glue application included corneal perforation (19 eyes), descemetoceles (9 eyes), leaking filtering blebs (6 eyes), stromal thinning (5 eyes), wound leaks (4 eyes), and exposure keratopathy (1 eye). A bandage contact lens was used over the dried tissue adhesive in 38 of the 44 eyes. Length of glue adherence ranged from 1 to 660 days (mean, 72 days). Outcome was penetrating keratoplasty (19 eyes), no further intervention (14 eyes), enucleation (4 eyes), surgical revision of a filter (2 eyes), scleral patch graft (1 eye), conjunctival transplant (1 eye), failed tarsorrhaphy (1 eye), suturing of wound (1 eye), and a lamellar graft (1 eye). Vision improved in 52% (23/44) of eyes. Conclusion: This tissue adhesive may soon be available to all ophthalmologists, and the authors' experience demonstrates that it is an effective method of temporary or permanent closure of an impending or frank perforation.
Strengthening Families Program (10-14): Effects on the Family Environment

This study examined whether parent-youth dyads participating in the Strengthening Families Program 10-14 (SFP 10-14) would demonstrate greater postprogram family cohesion, communication, involvement, and supervision and if youth would report less alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs involvement in contrast to a comparison group. From 16 randomly selected schools, we recruited 167 parent-youth dyads: 86 from intervention and 81 from comparison schools. The intention-to-treat analysis found one significant change in family environment. Considering dose, it was found that among dyads receiving a full dose, all the outcomes were in the expected direction and effect sizes were moderate. Among dyads receiving a partial dose, 10 of 18 outcomes were in the direction opposite that expected. Youth participation in alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs was very low and did not differ postprogram. Although the expected outcomes were not realized, findings descriptive of dosage effects make a valuable contribution to the field. Study of factors that distinguish intervention completers from noncompleters is recommended.
Moving from job loss to career management: The past, present, and future of involuntary job loss research

Abstract Job loss continues to be a pervasive problem, affecting large numbers of workers each year. The research of job loss has evolved from the early, descriptive studies that attempted to understand what the loss of work meant for individuals to a more complex understanding of what individuals do to attempt to manage the job loss and identification of the factors that predispose them to be able to do this managing. From this research, we know that job loss has negative consequences for most, but not all, individuals, that for some individuals having a bad job is better than having no job, and individuals who are more resilient and have better coping skills have better outcomes following the experience. There are, however, many questions yet to be answered, especially in light of the often confusing and sometimes contradictory results of past studies. This review traces the research of job loss from the early exploratory studies through the development of complex models focused around stress, appraisal, and coping and on to the current focus on reemployment quality, underemployment, career exploration and planning, and employability. The article concludes with directions for future theoretical and empirical research, for design of outplacement and other organizational programs, and for policy decisions.
Cisplatin-induced hair cell loss in zebrafish (Danio rerio) lateral line

We have used time-lapse imaging to study cisplatin-induced hair cell death in lateral line neuromasts of zebrafish larvae in vivo. We found that cisplatin-induced hair cell death occurred much more slowly than had been shown to occur in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. By prelabeling hair cells with FM1-43FX, and assessing hair cell damage, it was established that cisplatin causes hair cell loss in the lateral line in a dose-dependent fashion. The kinetics of hair cell loss during exposure to different concentrations of cisplatin was also assessed and it was found that the onset of hair cell loss correlated with the accumulated dose of cisplatin. These data demonstrate the feasibility and repeatability of cisplatin damage protocols in the zebrafish lateral line and set the stage for future evaluations of modulation of cisplatin-induced hair cell death.
Impact of a constitutively active luteinizing hormone receptor on testicular gene expression and postnatal Leydig cell development.

Abstract The actions of luteinizing hormone (LH) mediated through its receptor (LHR) are critical for testicular steroidogenesis and Leydig cell differentiation. We have previously characterized transgenic mice expressing a genetically engineered, constitutively active yoked hormone-receptor complex (YHR), in which a fusion protein of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was covalently linked to LHR. Elevated testosterone levels were detected in male mice expressing YHR (YHR+) at 3 and 5 weeks of age, accompanied by decreases in testicular weight and serum levels of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Here we report a temporal study to identify testicular genes whose expression is altered in YHR+ mice during postnatal development. The mRNA expression levels for the steroidogenic enzymes, P450 17α-hydroxylase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase3 and 5α-reductase1 were down-regulated in 3- and 5-week-old YHR+ testis. This result coupled with an immunohistochemical analysis of Leydig cell specific proteins and quantification of Leydig cell numbers identified a decrease in adult Leydig cells in YHR+ mice. Surprisingly, no change was detected for cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein RNA levels between WT and YHR+ mice. In contrast, mRNA levels for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 were up-regulated in 3- and 5-week-old YHR+ mice. The mRNA levels for several germ cell-specific proteins were up-regulated at 5 weeks of age in both WT and YHR+ mice. We conclude that premature high levels of testosterone alter the expression of a select number of testicular genes and impair the differentiation of adult Leydig cells in mice.
A Primer on Antitrust and Hospital Regulation

This paper begins with a comparison of the effects of regulation and antitrust litigation on general market dysfunction. The authors then describe the medical marketplace and the effects both regulation and antitrust efforts have had in this arena. They conclude that public policy probably will continue to be concerned with regulation, given that traditional forces do not, and apparently cannot be made to, operate in the health care market. However, through tax benefits, cost-sharing programs, etc., for other-than-traditional modes of care, regulation can be more an instrument for expanding the range of consumer choice than it historically has been.
Multi-Scale EEG Brain Dynamics During Sustained Attention Tasks

We present a novel experimental paradigm and data analysis methodology for studying brain dynamics during sustained-attention tasks. 256-channel EEG data were recorded while subjects participated in hour-long simulated driving sessions. Every few seconds, the vehicle drifted away from the center of the left lane, and subjects were instructed to steer back to the lane center. The error of each drifting event was measured by the maximum absolute distance from the vehicle's position at deviation onset. EEG data were analyzed using independent component analysis and time-frequency analysis. An independent component with equivalent dipole sources located bilaterally in lateral occipital cortex exhibited multi-scale brain dynamics. Tonic (~20s) alpha-band power increased in high-error compared to low-error epochs, while phasic (~1s) alpha power was suppressed briefly after deviation onset, then increased strongly just before response offset. Other components also exhibited distinct tonic and/or phasic activity patterns relating to deviation onsets or response onsets.
Distant neighbor base sequence context effects in human nucleotide excision repair of a benzo[a]pyrene-derived DNA lesion.

Abstract The effects of non-nearest base sequences, beyond the nucleotides flanking a DNA lesion on either side, on nucleotide excision repair (NER) in extracts from human cells were investigated. We constructed two duplexes containing the same minor groove-aligned 10S (+)-trans-anti-B[a]P-N2-dG (G⁎) DNA adduct, derived from the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P): 5′-C-C-A-T-C-G⁎-C-T-A-C-C-3′ (CG⁎C-I), and 5′-C-A-C3-A4-C5-G⁎-C-A-C-A-C-3′ (CG⁎C-II). We used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to compare the extent of DNA bending, and molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the structural characteristics of these two DNA duplexes. The NER efficiencies are 1.6(± 0.2)-fold greater in the case of the CG⁎C-II than the CG⁎C-I sequence context in 135-mer duplexes. Gel electrophoresis and self-ligation circularization experiments revealed that the CG⁎C-II duplex is more bent than the CG⁎C-I duplex, while molecular dynamics simulations showed that the unique -C3-A4-C5- segment in the CG⁎C-II duplex plays a key role. The presence of a minor groove-positioned guanine amino group, the Watson–Crick partner to C3, acts as a wedge; facilitated by a highly deformable local -C3-A4- base step, this amino group allows the B[a]P ring system to produce a more enlarged minor groove in CG⁎C-II than in CG⁎C-I, as well as a local untwisting and enlarged and flexible Roll only in the CG⁎C-II sequence. These structural properties fit well with our earlier findings that in the case of the family of minor groove 10S (+)-trans-anti-B[a]P-N2-dG lesions, flexible bends and enlarged minor groove widths constitute NER recognition signals, and extend our understanding of sequence context effects on NER to the neighbors that are distant to the lesion.
Efficient sampling for radar sensor networks

Compressive sensing CS is an excellent technique for data acquisition and reconstruction in radar sensor networks RSNs with a high computational capability. This paper presents a new efficient and effective signal compression and reconstruction algorithm based on CS principles for applications in real-world RSNs, in which the signals are obtained in real-world experiment of RSNs. The proposed algorithm neither requires any new optimisation method, nor needs complex pre-processing before compression. This method considers correlation between radar sensor signals to reduce the number of samples required for reconstruction of the original radar signals. We compare our algorithm's performance and complexity with some existing work, such as joint PCA & CS, DCS, and traditional CS. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm performs more efficiently and effectively without introducing any more computation complexity. With more sensor nodes, our algorithm is more efficient, which significantly reduces the number of samples required per sensor.
Foreword from the Guest Editors

This is the first of two special issues of Real Estate Economics dedicated to the study of Real Estate Investment Trusts or REITs. The goal of these special issues is modest. Rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive survey of current research on REITs,1 our objective is instead to provide readers with a sampling of the various general directions of inquiry either about REITs or employing REITs. The volume of research on REITs has exploded in recent years. The objective of this introduction is to provide three non-mutually exclusive catalysts for this explosion, and to provide brief summaries of the studies contained herein.
DIRECTIONALITY IN QOLLA INDIAN DRAWINGS

Summary.-Profiles of human figures drawn by 68 adult males in a Qolla Indian community (Peru) showed a marked tendency to face toward the left. Increasing education was found associated with a strengthening of this left orientation in drawings, while age had no effect on directionaliry. Various studies suggest that, when children draw human figures in profile, they have a strong tendency to orient those figures toward the left rather than toward the right (Harris, 1963, pp. 159-161). Similar results on directionality have been produced by investigations in such diverse cultural settings as Egypt, Southwest Indian reservations, Norway, urban and rural US., Japan, and Formosa. Explanations of this phenomenon have focused on handedness and cultural conventions associated with reading and writing, but no theory to date appears able to account for all previous empirical findings on directionality. For example, the extent of left orientation declines with age for Japanese subjects as their experience with right-to-left reading increases (Jensen, 1952), but a decline also occurs among Navajo children who are exposed to a left-to-right reading system.' This research explored the problem of directionality in drawings by a random sample of 68 adult males in the Qolla Indian village of Incawatana, Peru (age range, 18 to 97 yr.; median age, 44 yr.; mean age, 46.7 yr.). Subjects were asked individually to make four drawings: a person of either sex, a person of the opposite sex of the first figure, any subject, and himself. Drawings were coded as facing to the front, the left, the right, or unclear. Reliability of judgments was high: perfect agreement on category was achieved between two coders on 93% of the drawings. Analysis of the three human figure drawings provided by each subject gave the following results: frontal view = 80 drawings (39.2 % ) , left-oriented profile = 51 drawings (25.0%), right-oriented profile = 11 drawings (5.4%), and unclear = 62 drawings (30.4%). The "unclear" drawings were mainly stick figures with indistinguishable facial features. Over-all 82.3% of the profiles faced toward the left and 17 7% toward the right. The difference in directional frequencies is statistically sign1 f icant (Binomial test, p < ,001). Moreover each of the four types of draa~~ng analyzed separately replicates the global pattern with regard to directionality, and the results in each instance are significant (p < .01). Indeed the entire corpus of materials contains 86 drawings 'T. 0. Ballinger. An investigation of the frequency of directional movement in the paintings and drawings of Indian children and adults. (Unpublished manuscript, Univer. of New Mexico, 1951 )
Silk electrogel coatings for titanium dental implants

The aim of this study was to develop biocompatible, biodegradable dental implant coatings capable of withstanding the mechanical stresses imparted during implant placement. Two techniques were developed to deposit uniform silk fibroin protein coatings onto dental implants. Two novel coating techniques were implemented to coat titanium shims, studs, and implants. One technique involved electrodeposition of the silk directly onto the titanium substrates. The second technique consisted of melting electrogels and dispensing the melted gels onto the titanium to form the coatings. Both techniques were tested for coating reproducibility using a stylus profilometer and a dial thickness gauge. The mechanical strength of adhered titanium studs was assessed using a universal mechanical testing machine. Uniform, controllable coatings were obtained from both the electrodeposition and melted electrogel coating techniques, tunable from 35 to 1654 µm thick under the conditions studied, and able to withstand delamination ...
Foregrounding Fieldwork in Leadership Preparation: The Transformative Capacity of Authentic Inquiry

This study follows leadership candidates through the first phase of a comprehensive effort to reform master’s-level principal preparation at a large, urban California university. The reforms placed...
Ultrabithorax confers spatial identity in a context-specific manner in the Drosophila postembryonic ventral nervous system

Background In holometabolous insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, neuroblasts produce an initial population of diverse neurons during embryogenesis and a much larger set of adult-specific neurons during larval life. In the ventral CNS, many of these secondary neuronal lineages differ significantly from one body segment to another, suggesting a role for anteroposterior patterning genes.
Balancing structured and ad-hoc design for test: testing of the PowerPC 603 microprocessor

The PowerPC 603 microprocessor is a high performance, low power, and low cost RISC microprocessor which was designed at the Somerset Design Center by a team of Motorola, IBM and Apple engineers. The testability and manufacturability features implemented in the PowerPC 603 microprocessor are presented, as well as the issues involved in reconciling a common test plan for two fabrication facilities with differing expectations.
Intracranial complications associated with spinal surgery.

Though rare, intracranial complications have been reported as a result from spinal surgery. Most if not all of these are a result of intracranial hypotension from durotomy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. We aimed to characterize these complications across a large postoperative population at our institution. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent spinal surgery at our institution by four neurosurgeons from July 2008 to August 2013. Our review yielded 1113 consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery for a total of 1396 procedures. Intracranial imaging using either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was obtained on 59 (4.2 %) patients after a procedure due to neurologic change. Six patients (0.4 %) were found to have intracranial findings of subdural hygroma (4 patients), remote cerebellar hemorrhage (1 patient), or subdural hematoma (1 patient). Intracranial complications from spinal surgery are a rare event. We demonstrate an incidence of 0.4 % of total intracranial pathology after spinal surgery. A strong clinical suspicion must be maintained after durotomy or CSF leak due to these infrequent but potentially life-threatening complications.
Activity-based electrical stimulation training in a stroke patient with minimal movement in the paretic upper extremity.

Background. Existing task-specific practice interventions do not increase movement in stroke patients exhibiting minimal distal movement in the paretic upper extremity. Although often used, an important limitation of conventional electrical stimulation is that it does not involve task-specific practice. Objective. To determine the impact of an activity-specific electrical stimulation program on paretic limb impairment, functional limitation, and ability to perform valued activities in a subacute stroke patient exhibiting minimal paretic wrist and hand movement. Method. A female subject exhibiting trace paretic hand and finger movement was administered, 9 months after stroke, the upper extremity section of the Fugl-Meyer Impairment Scale (FM), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and the Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT). She then engaged in paretic upper extremity, task-specific training incorporating an electrical stimulation neuroprosthesis. Training occurred 3 hours per day, 5 days per week for 3 weeks. Th...
Identification and hydropathic characterization of structural features affecting sequence specificity for doxorubicin intercalation into DNA double-stranded polynucleotides

The computer molecular modeling program HINT (Hydropathic INTeractions), an empirical hydropathic force field function that includes hydrogen bonding, coulombic and hydrophobic terms, was used to study sequence-selective doxorubicin binding/intercalation in the 64 unique CAxy, CGxy, TAxy, TGxy base pair quartet combinations. The CAAT quartet sequence is shown to have the highest binding score of the 64 combinations. Of the two regularly alternating polynucleotides, d(CGCGCG) 2 and d(TATATA) 2 , the HINT calculated binding scores reveal doxorubicin binds preferentially to d(TATATA) 2 . Although interactions of the chromophore with the DNA base pairs defining the intercalation site [I‐1] [I+1] and the neighboring [I+2] base pair are predominant, the results obtained with HINT indicate that the base pair [I+3] contributes significantly to the sequence selectivity of doxorubicin by providing an additional hydrogen bonding opportunity for the N34 ammonium of the daunosamine sugar moiety in ~25% of the sequences. This observation, that interactions involving a base pair [I+3] distal to the intercalation site play a significant role in stabilizing/destabilizing the intercalation of doxorubicin into the various DNA sequences, has not been previously reported. In general terms, this work shows that molecular modeling and careful analysis of molecular interactions can have a significant role in designing and evaluating nucleotides and antineoplastic agents.
Superconducting RF for energy-recovery linacs

Abstract Since superconducting RF for particle accelerators made its first appearance in the 1970s, it has found highly successful application in a variety of machines. Recent progress in this technology has made so-called Energy-Recovery Linacs (ERLs)—originally proposed in 1965—feasible, and interest in this type of machine has increased enormously. A superconducting linac is the driving heart of ERLs, and emittance preservation and cost efficiency is of utmost importance. The resulting challenges for the superconducting cavity technology and RF field control are manifold. In March 2005 the first international workshop on ERLs was held at Newport News, VA, to explore the potential of ERLs and to discuss machine-physics and technology challenges and their solutions. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in superconducting RF and RF control for ERLs, and summarizes the discussions of the SRF working group on this technology during the ERL2005 workshop.
Sputtering of the Martian atmosphere by solar wind pick-up ions

Abstract Monte Carlo models are used to describe the interaction between the incident pick-up ions and the Mars neutral atmosphere. The sputtered population inside the corona and escaping particles are described using a modified 3D test particle model, whereas, the heating effect due to the incident flux is described using a 2D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo. These results show that the standard 1D models overestimate the sputtering yield (by 15–25%), when corrected for coronal ejection. It is also shown that the exobase altitude can depend on sputtering. Two epochs of Mars history are simulated. For an epoch suggested to be about 2.5 Gyr ago, sputtering is at least as important as dissociative-recombination for populating the corona and the heating due to the pick-up ion flux is of the same order as the EUV and UV heating of the thermosphere. For this epoch and present solar minimum conditions we present the distribution in the density and the energy of the sputtered particles in Mars corona. In particular we show that the polar and dusk regions are the most dense regions and the shadow of the dawn and polar regions the most energetic regions.
The normal distribution and projections of constitutive NADPH-d/NOS neurons in the brainstem vestibular complex of the rat.

The vestibular system is a highly conserved sensory system in vertebrates that is largely responsible for maintenance of one's orientation in space, posture, and balance and for visual fixation of objects during motion. In light of the considerable literature indicating an involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in sensory systems, it is important to determine whether NO is associated with vestibular pathways. To study the relationship of NO to vestibular pathways, we first examined the normal distribution of constitutive NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d), a marker for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), in the vestibular complex (VC) and then examined its association with selected vestibular projection neurons. Survey of the four major vestibular nuclei revealed that only the medial vestibular nucleus contained significant numbers of perikarya stained for NADPH-d/NOS. By contrast, all the vestibular nuclei contained a network of fine processes that stained positive for NADPH-d, although the density of this network varied among the individual nuclei. To determine whether NADPH-d/NOS neurons project to vestibular efferent targets, injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold were made into known targets of second-order vestibular neurons. Vestibular neurons containing constitutive NADPH-d/NOS were found to project predominantly to the oculomotor nucleus. A small number of neurons also participate in vestibulothalamic and intrinsic vestibular connections. These results indicate that NADPH-d/NOS neurons are prevalent in the MVN and that a subpopulation of these neurons project to the oculomotor complex. Nitric oxide is probably released locally from axons located throughout the vestibular complex but may play a particularly important role in vestibulo-ocular pathways.
The Global Epidemic of Obesity: An Overview

For centuries, the human race struggled to overcome food scarcity, disease, and a hostile environment. With the onset of the industrial revolution, the great powers understood that increasing the average body size of the population was an important social and political factor. The military and economic might of countries was critically dependent on the body size and strength of their young generations, from which soldiers and workers were drawn. Moving the body mass index (BMI) distribution of the population from the underweight range toward normality had an important impact on survival and productivity, playing a central role in the economic development of industrialized societies (1). Historical records from developed countries indicate that height and weight increased progressively, particularly during the 19th century. During the 20th century, as populations from better-off countries began to approach their genetic potential for longitudinal growth, they began to gain proportionally more weight than height, with the resulting increase in average BMI. By the year 2000, the human race reached a sort of historical landmark, when for the first time in human evolution the number of adults with excess weight surpassed the number of those who were underweight (2). Excess adiposity/body weight is now widely recognized as one of today's leading health threats in most countries around the world and as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension (3). This overview provides an introduction to this issue of Epidemiologic Reviews, highlighting, in historical perspective, key scientific aspects of obesity that are addressed by the 11 articles that follow. This compilation of reviews underscores the multidisciplinary nature of obesity research and the need to expand even further our scope to fully understand and confront the obesity epidemic.
Role of Sucrose in Microspore Embryo Production in Brassica napus ssp. oleifera

One cultivar of winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and three cultivars of spring rape were used in a study of the effects of sucrose on microspore survival and embryo induction in cultured anthers. A preliminary study on the winter cultivar (Fiona) revealed that the osmotic pressure of the supernatant of anther homogenates was equivalent to a solution of 17% sucrose. A study of microspore survival and embryo induction in this cultivar on media containing either 8%, 12%, 16% or 20% sucrose revealed the highest survival (after 16 d) and the greatest number of anthers with induced embryos (after 42 d) occurred on the highest sucrose concentration. A subsequent study on three spring cultivars (Willi, Duplo and Tower) examined microspore survival at 8 d and embryo induction (42 d) on media containing either 8% or 16% sucrose and again revealed much higher survival and induction at the higher concentration. The variation in response between the cultivars was also reduced by culture at the higher sucrose concentration. The beneficial effect of the 16% level occurred regardless of the growth environment of the donor plants and of thestage of pollen development at the start of culture. However, macroscopic embryos emerged only from anthers on the 8% sucrose concentration, suggesting that transfer of anthers from a high to anormal sucrose concentration during culture would ensure that full advantage was taken of the much higher initial survival on the higher concentration.
Computer simulations of the mouse spermatogenic cycle

The spermatogenic cycle describes the periodic development of germ cells in the testicular tissue. The temporal–spatial dynamics of the cycle highlight the unique, complex, and interdependent interaction between germ and somatic cells, and are the key to continual sperm production. Although understanding the spermatogenic cycle has important clinical relevance for male fertility and contraception, there are a number of experimental obstacles. For example, the lengthy process cannot be visualized through dynamic imaging, and the precise action of germ cells that leads to the emergence of testicular morphology remains uncharacterized. Here, we report an agent-based model that simulates the mouse spermatogenic cycle on a cross-section of the seminiferous tubule over a time scale of hours to years, while considering feedback regulation, mitotic and meiotic division, differentiation, apoptosis, and movement. The computer model is able to elaborate the germ cell dynamics in a time-lapse movie format, allowing us to trace individual cells as they change state and location. More importantly, the model provides mechanistic understanding of the fundamentals of male fertility, namely how testicular morphology and sperm production are achieved. By manipulating cellular behaviors either individually or collectively in silico, the model predicts causal events for the altered arrangement of germ cells upon genetic or environmental perturbations. This in silico platform can serve as an interactive tool to perform long-term simulation and to identify optimal approaches for infertility treatment and contraceptive development.
The effect of cupferron on recovery from radiation damage in Tradescantia microspores

Abstract Cupferron was used to determine its effect on the frequency of X-ray induced chromosomal aberrations in microspores of Tradescantia paludosa . Inflorescences were given pre- and post-radiation treatment in various concentrations of cupferron in conjunction with a total dose of 400 rads of X-radiation delivered in a helium atmosphere. Concentrations of cupferron of 10 −2 molar or greater proved to be toxic but did not produce any radiomimetic effects in the form of chromosomal aberrations. Pre-treatment or post-treatment with cupferron resulted in a reduction of the number of chromosomal aberrations. Treatment with cupferron in a helium atmosphere demonstrated that its effectiveness in reducing chromosomal aberrations decreased as the period of anoxia increased. The effects of cupferron on cellular respiration are discussed along with the recovery system in Tradescantia microspores.
Simultaneous teleportation of the spectral and polarization states of a photon

We describe how spectrally multimode, polarization-entangled photons simultaneously teleport quantum information encoded into the spectral and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon using sum frequency generation to implement a Bell-state measurement.
Aerobic exercise training improves insulin sensitivity independent of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in older female hypertensives.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to determine if the improvement in insulin sensitivity following aerobic exercise training (AEX) is associated with a decline in plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[alpha ]) levels. Fourteen older hypertensive females (age, 62 [plusmn] 2 years) participated in a 6-month AEX program. Following AEX there was a significant increase in maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) (P = .0001), and a significant decline in systolic (P = .01) and diastolic (P = .006) blood pressure. In addition, following AEX there was a significant decline in total body fat mass (P = .005), abdominal fat mass (P = .048), and percent body fat (P = .006). Insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the insulin-assisted frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT), increased significantly following AEX (P = .007). Despite the increase in insulin sensitivity and the decline in body fat, plasma TNF-[alpha ] levels were not altered by AEX (P = .223). No significant relationship existed among the changes in TNF-[alpha ] levels and the changes insulin sensitivity or any measure of body composition following AEX. In conclusion, in this population of older hypertensive females, AEX improved insulin sensitivity and lowered blood pressure without a reduction in plasma TNF-[alpha ] levels.
Relational Behavior of Leaders: A Comparison by Vocational Context

Organizational researchers widely acknowledge that positive relational behavior is associated with leadership effectiveness. In this exploratory study, we seek to extend previous research examining contextual factors that influence leadership style based on the characteristics of person–vocation fit. Using information derived from a 360° assessment that included one’s top managers, peers, and subordinates (N = 934), we find that leaders working in settings that attract Holland’s Social (S) types demonstrate more positive relational behavior than those who work in Realistic (R) type work settings. Our research also indicates that the relationship between leadership style and perceived effectiveness varies based on the work interests shared by individuals who are attracted to different vocational settings. One style of leadership does not fit all work contexts, and the person–vocation fit framework can help explain what comprises effective leadership style in different contexts.
Utility of CD117 immunoreactivity in differentiating metastatic melanoma from clear cell sarcoma.

Abstract Context.—Clear cell sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor with melanocytic differentiation. Molecular methods are sometimes necessary to identify the unique t(12; 22)(q13;q12) translocation and differentiate clear cell sarcoma from melanoma. Objective.—To determine whether CD117 immunoreactivity may be useful in separating melanoma from clear cell sarcoma. Design.—We identified 20 tumors listed in our surgical pathology files that were diagnosed as clear cell sarcoma or in which clear cell sarcoma was strongly considered. These were tested for the presence of the t(12;22) translocation by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction and sequencing from paraffin-embedded tissue. Tumors with a t(12;22) translocation were immunostained with an antibody to CD117 and compared with 16 similarly stained metastatic melanomas. Results.—Twelve tumors from 9 patients demonstrated t(12;22). No metastatic melanomas demonstrated t(12;22). None of the 12 clear cell sarcomas showed membrane or cytoplasmic ...
The true gift: Thoughts on L’Année sociologique of 1925:

Mauss’s Essay on the Gift was the only article to be included when the journal L’Annee sociologique was relaunched after the Great War. Prepared during 1923/1924, it appeared in 1925. The Essay was...
Trajectory Planning for High Speed Multiple Axis Contouring Systems

In the high speed coordinated motion of multiple axis linear systems two objectives must be achieved: 1) specified position accuracy and 2) well behaved actuator torque output. Objective (1) can be achieved through the design of an appropriate feedforward controller and (2) is achieved both through feedforward controller design and trajectory planning. Since actuator saturation will result in loss of position accuracy, failure to achieve (2) will also result in the violation of (1). This paper considers the generation of minimum time tracking velocity profiles for multiple axis contouring systems along prespecified spatial curves while subject to hard actuator torque limits. The result is applicable to systems with a general number of axes which may be dynamically coupled. It is also demonstrated that the trajectory generation and controller design problems are interdependent, and a method of selecting a trajectory generation algorithm for a given system under discrete time feedforward/feedback control is described.
The c‐Chart with Bootstrap Adjusted Control Limits to Improve Conditional Performance

The integrity of Phase II control charting depends on the accuracy of Phase I estimation. Studies have shown that extremely large sample sizes are needed in Phase I to ensure that performance of control charts with estimated in-control parameters is comparable with the performance of charts with known parameters. The sample size recommendations can be impractical for attribute control charts. In this article, the in-control performance of the c-chart with an estimated in-control average number of non-conforming items is assessed. We show that the sampling variability associated with estimation results in a high percentage of control charts with in-control average run lengths well below that of corresponding control charts with known parameters. This sampling variability can be described as between-practitioner variability. To overcome the variability in performance, a c-chart with bootstrapped control limits is recommended. A simulation study reveals that these adjusted bootstrapped control limits improve the conditional average run length performance of the c-chart by controlling the proportion of charts with in-control average run length performance below a given value. The out-of-control performance of the c-chart with adjusted limits is also discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of Bacteria Attached to Titanium and Aluminum Alloy Plates

Plates of titanium and aluminum alloy were immersed in seawater at Okunouchi Bay of Kurahashi island, Seto Inland Sea to investigate the initial process of marine microbiofouling during the period from April to June, 1983. After 10, 25, 36 and 51 dayimmersion, the solid surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope and the fouling bacteria were isolated and characterized. The results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) The mean density of the bacteria attached to the solid surfaces increased with the lapse of the immersion period. That is, after 10 day-immersion they were 2.5×103cells/mm2 and 1.2×104cells/mm2 on the titanium and aluminum alloy plate, respectively. And after 51 day-immersion they amounted to 3×105cells/mm2 on both materials.(2) The kinds of bacteria attached to the solid surfaces changed with the length of the immersion period, that is, the first colonizer on titanium plate was small rods, and then stalked bacteria, cocci and short rods appeared in turn. In the case of aluminum alloy plate, the first colonizers were small rods, and then budding, stalked and filamentous bacteria and short rods proliferated. As a result, it is reasonable to say that the bacterial communities on the immersed plate surfaces depend on the kinds of materials used for the fouling experiments.(3) Bacteria attached to two kinds of plates immersed for 36 days were cultivated on the nutrient-enriched agar medium, isolated and characterized. Two of three strains isolated from titanium plate were determined to be Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium, and two strains isolated from aluminum alloy plate were determined to be Vibrio and Achromobacter.
Surgical management of cranial base metastases

BACKGROUND Cranial base metastases (CBM) are rare and have received limited attention in the medical literature. Questions remain regarding the role of surgery, if any, in the management of these tumors. OBJECTIVE To report surgical outcomes in a consecutive series of patients with CBM and to better define the role of surgery in their management. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with CBM underwent surgery between 1996 and 2009 at MD Anderson Cancer Center. A retrospective review of their prospectively collected data was performed after obtaining institutional review board approval. The median patient age was 52 years. The most common pathology was renal cell carcinoma (6 patients). Surgical indications were worsening neurological deficit, disfiguring mass, and the need for a diagnosis. RESULTS Gross total resection was achieved in 59% of the cases. The median survival was 11.4 months. The median progression-free survival was 5.8 months. A Karnofsky Performance Scale score less than 90, dural invasion, and brain invasion were associated with a shorter survival. Seven patients were neurologically intact preoperatively; all of them remained intact after surgery. Among all patients with preoperative neurological deficit, 11 remained stable, 7 improved, and 2 had worsening of their deficit postoperatively. CONCLUSION The goal of surgery for CBM is to provide symptom relief and to preserve functional status in well-selected cases. Patient selection is critical because the surgery is usually palliative, and only a minority of patients are surgical candidates. Radiation therapy remains the management option of choice for the majority of patients.
Thermodynamic and phylogenetic insights into hnRNP A1 recognition of the HIV-1 exon splicing silencer 3 element

Complete expression of the HIV-1 genome requires balanced usage of suboptimal splice sites. The 3' acceptor site A7 (ssA7) is negatively regulated in part by an interaction between the host hnRNP A1 protein and a viral splicing silencer (ESS3). Binding of hnRNP A1 to ESS3 and other upstream silencers is sufficient to occlude spliceosome assembly. Efforts to understand the splicing repressive properties of hnRNP A1 on ssA7 have revealed hnRNP A1 binds specific sites within the context of a highly folded RNA structure; however, biochemical models assert hnRNP A1 disrupts RNA structure through cooperative spreading. In an effort to improve our understanding of the ssA7 binding properties of hnRNP A1, herein we have performed a combined phylogenetic and biophysical study of the interaction of its UP1 domain with ESS3. Phylogenetic analyses of group M sequences (x = 2860) taken from the Los Alamos HIV database reveal the ESS3 stem loop (SL3(ESS3)) structure has been conserved throughout HIV-1 evolution, despite variations in primary sequence. Calorimetric titrations with UP1 clearly show the SL3(ESS3) structure is a critical binding determinant because deletion of the base-paired region reduces the affinity by ∼150-fold (Kd values of 27.8 nM and 4.2 μM). Cytosine substitutions of conserved apical loop nucleobases show UP1 preferentially binds purines over pyrimidines, where site-specific interactions were detected via saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance. Chemical shift mapping of the UP1-SL3(ESS3) interface by (1)H-(15)N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence spectroscopy titrations reveals a broad interaction surface on UP1 that encompasses both RRM domains and the inter-RRM linker. Collectively, our results describe a UP1 binding mechanism that is likely different from current models used to explain the alternative splicing properties of hnRNP A1.
Fibonacci With a Golden Ring

(Fo = O, F1 = 1, 1, 2,3,5,8,13,..., Fn+2 =IFi + 1 + F..) in terms of the golden ratio 0 = (1 + V5)/2 and its conjugate (k = (1 V5)/2 (e.g., [4, p. 252]). We would like to show that if you play with the matrix A a little, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and exponentiating, you will soon find yourself in the higher domain 74 A] and rewarded with a spectacular view of much of the beautiful Fibonacci landscape, instead of just one formula. From there, you will be able to see a unified proof of a number of familiar Fibonacci identities, such as
Notes on Hinds Cave, Val Verde County, Texas:

In Andrews and Adovasio's (1986) reply to Glenna Williams-Dean's (1986) review of Perishable Industries from Hinds Cave, Val Verde County, Texas, they make a number of misleading statements regarding the excavation strategies and provenience of the collection. The purpose of this article is to correct these inaccuracies and to provide a view of the Hinds Cave Project from the perspective of the principal investigators.
Will family physicians really return to obstetrics if malpractice insurance premiums decline

Background: The loss of family physicians as obstetric providers during the last decade has had a significant impact on access to obstetric services, especially for rural populations. The expense of malpractice premiums has been cited often as a reason for physicians9 discontinuation of this service. Methods: Seventy-six family physicians in northern California who recently discontinued obstetrics were surveyed regarding their decisions related to obstetric practice. Those physicians who indicated that a decrease in malpractice premiums would allow them to consider resuming obstetrics were resurveyed by telephone the following year. This telephone survey occurred following a 25 percent decrease in malpractice premiums for obstetrics by the major malpractice insurance carrier for family physicians practicing obstetrics in the study area. Results: Twenty-nine of the 76 physicians in the original survey who had recently discontinued obstetrics stated they would consider resuming if conditions changed. Twenty-six (90 percent) of these physicians indicated that malpractice premiums needed to change for them to consider resuming obstetrics. Following the reduction in premiums, none of these physicians reported plans to resume obstetrics or even a likelihood that they would be resuming obstetrics. Conclusion: This study found that family physicians who discontinued obstetrics and cited malpractice premiums as a barrier to resuming obstetrics are unlikely to resume when rates decline. This finding suggests that other issues might be equally or more important in this decision.
The situation of occupational disease hazards in enterprises with heavier and serious hazards in Dalian City

[Objective]To understand the current situation of occupational hazard factors in enterprises with heavier and serious hazards in Dalian,provide scientific basis for relevant departments carrying out occupational health supervision. [Methods]The detection results of occupational hazard factors in workplace of enterprises with heavier and serious hazards in Dalian from 2011-2012were collected,the qualified rate of occupational hazard factors in different scale enterprises were compared. [Results]The qualification rates of enterprises with heavier and serious occupational hazards were 88. 5% and 90. 0% respectively. Among the large enterprises,the qualified rates of enterprises with heavier and serious occupational hazards were 88. 5% and 94. 0%. Among medium-sized enterprises,the qualified rates of enterprises with heavier and serious occupational hazards were 82. 8% and 91. 2%. Among small enterprises,the qualified rates of enterprises with heavier and serious occupational hazards were 85. 9% and 90. 7%.[Conclusion]We should pay attention to the supervision and monitoring of dust work in enterprises with serious hazards. According to the different scale enterprises and damage degree,supervision department should have corresponding regulatory direction,put the work into effect.