cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pioneers in Social Work Practice with the Addictions an Interview with Peter J. Delany, PhD, LCSW-C Rear Admiral (ret.), United States Public Health Service

Lewis:Dr. Delany, thank you very much for participating in JSWPA’s series: Pioneers in Social Work in the Addictions. First, let me ask you about your beginning in the field. You received your bach...
The person in context: Using situational judgment to gain insight into social functioning:

How people interpret and respond to simulated interpersonal events may provide insight into their values, beliefs, and personality. In pursuit of this possibility, a three-study program of research...
Toward Expressive Multi-Platform Teleoperation: Laban-Inspired Concurrent Operation of Multiple Joints on the Rethink Robotics Baxter Robot in Static and Dynamic Tasks

Human motion calls upon embodied strategies, which can be difficult to replicate in teleoperation architectures. This paper presents a teleoperation method that centers around the Space component of Laban Movement Analysis and may improve the dynamic complexity of teleoperation commands, allowing a trained user to command multiple joint angles at one time via a large database of stored poses, which are indexed by Space parameters. In this paper, this method is compared to a benchmark method, utilizing a joint-by-joint manner of control on a Rethink Robotics Baxter with compliant limbs using a Microsoft Xbox controller. Across four tasks with a trained operator, analysis of the number of active joints at a given point in time and time to completion emphasize the utility that comes with the proposed method. In particular, for the two presented static tasks, the average number of joint angles moving at one time improves and completion times reduce for the proposed method. Plots of behavior show additional qualitative differences in operator strategies and resulting motion, which are also discussed. Future work will extend this initial demonstration to more formal trials with multiple operators. This method may help achieve more fluid, continuous, and improvised motion in teleoperation of robots via gamepads as are currently used in disaster response platforms.
Ctesias’ Persica and Its Near Eastern Context: Matt Waters, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2017, ISBN 978-0-299-31094-3 (pbk), 978-0-299-31090-5 (hbk), -159 pp.

The Persika, composed by the Greek doctor Ctesias of Cnidus in the early fourth century BCE, occupies a complex position in the hierarchy of Greek literature on ancient Persia. Surviving only in li...
A powerless iron oxide based magnetometer

This paper demonstrates a novel device visualizing and determining magnetic fields in six different directions. The device can be used in applications such as remote real estate construction sites requiring an inexpensive and powerless method of detection and determination of a magnetic field. The magnetometer uses magnetic properties of nanostructured iron oxide to aid in visualizing the location, direction and strength of magnetic fields. The device utilizes various sizes of permanent magnets which attract and hold the iron oxide nanoparticles in mini channels when there is no external magnetic field in the environment. Upon exposing to a magnetic field stronger than the magnetic strength of the holding magnet, the particles are repelled toward the external field. The magnetometer was fabricated by making tubes in an acrylic block in three dimensions and six directions, and filling them with iron oxide nanoparticles. The inner ends of the tubes were plugged by various sizes of permanent magnets and the outer ends were sealed by glass sheets. The device was exposed to different external fields created by various permanent magnets and successfully tested using a reference Gauss meter. The device was capable of identifying external magnetic fields up to 1455 Gauss.
Multielectron C–H photoactivation with an Sb(v) oxo corrole

Pnictogen complexes are ideal for mediating multi-electron chemical reactions in two-electron steps. We report an Sb(v) bis-μ-oxo corrole that photochemically oxidises the C-H bonds of organic substrates. In the case of toluene, the substrate is oxidised to benzaldehyde, a rare example of a four-electron photoreaction.
Targeting and extending the eukaryotic druggable genome with natural products.

The Natural Product Reports themed issue on Targeting and Extending the Eukaryotic Druggable Genome with Natural Products is introduced by the Guest Editors, Hendrik Luesch and John B. MacMillan.
Reframing community (dis)engagement: the discursive connection between undemocratic policy enactment, minoritized communities and resistance

While studies have examined leadership efforts to improve community engagement, less is known about how deeply rooted structured discourses, systems, and practices influence leadership actions and ...
Abstract 2738: Role of KLF8 for drug-resistant metastasis of breast cancer

Metastasis and drug resistance are intertwined processes that are responsible for the vast majority of patient deaths from breast cancer. The underlying mechanisms still need to be investigated extensively. We previously demonstrated that KLF8 activates CXCR4 transcription in metastatic breast cancer. Here, we report a novel signaling mechanism that turns a localized metastasis into multiple organ metastases in response to chemotherapy. We show that KLF8 expression in breast cancer cells can be over-induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Data from large-cohorts of patients indicates that post-chemotherapy there is a close correlation between the aberrant high levels of KLF8 and CXCR4, and this correlation is well associated with drug resistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis. To mimic this upregulation, we overexpressed KLF8 or CXCR4 in a human breast cancer cell line known to metastasize to the lungs only after i.v. injection in the nude mice. Surprisingly, we found that these KLF8 or CXCR4 overexpressing cells metastasized all over the body after orthotopically implanted. Tube formation assay, Ki67 staining, and western blotting revealed that KLF8 or CXCR4 overexpression promoted angiogenic vascular growth involving increased expression and secretion of VEGF protein. We also performed the matrigel-on-top 3-D culture to mimic the colonization step of metastasis and found that KLF8 or CXCR4 overexpression strongly enhances the formation of filopodium-like protrusions and proliferation via CXCR4 stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that the chemo-induction of KLF8 upregulation is critical for drug resistance and systemic metastasis through enhanced tumor angiogenesis and colonization via CXCR4 over-activation. This discovery identifies the KLF8-CXCR4 signaling axis as a potentially new therapeutic target for breast cancer. Citation Format: Jie Hao, Heng Lu, Debarati Mukherjee, Aiqin Sun, Lin Yu, Jihe Zhao. Role of KLF8 for drug-resistant metastasis of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2738.
Social Determinants of Health Associated With Michigan Residents 50 Years and Older Health-Related Quality of Life and Cardiovascular Health:

Objective: Studies show perceived health-related quality of life (HRQL) is associated with cardiovascular health (CVH) status; however, there is a limited understanding of underlying determinants o...
Significance of ADAMTS13 Activity Level in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Abstract Background - The ADAMTS13 activity has been suggested as a surrogate marker for endothelial dysfunction. In severe sepsis and septic shock, the cytokine storm also causes endothelial damage and can affect the ADAMTS13 level. Lower ADAMTS13 activity is reported in sepsis, but conflicting data exist on its significance in predicting mortality and organ dysfunction. In this retrospective study, we examined the prognostic significance of ADAMTS13 level in severe sepsis and septic shock. Material and Methods - We chart reviewed the electronic medical records of 44 patients admitted to Shands Hospital at the University of Florida Health between 2010 and 2016 that were diagnosed with sepsis /septic shock and had ADAMTS13 activity ordered for workup of thrombocytopenia. We also calculated the sepsis related organ failure assessment (SOFA score - PaO2/FiO2, Glasgow coma scale, use of vasopressors, thrombocytopenia, serum creatinine and serum bilirubin) for each of these patients and analyzed if the ADAMTS13 level correlated with the SOFA score and mortality. We used SAS 9.4 to perform the statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, Fischer's t test and multivariate analysis. Results - Of the forty-four patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, only five (11%) had a normal ADAMTS 13 activity (defined as greater than or equal to 90%). Thirty patients (66%) of the patients had an ADAMTS13 activity Conclusion - Our study confirms that ADAMTS13 activity level can be low in sepsis patients and is likely a surrogate marker for endothelial dysfunction, although independent of active TMA. Our study also showed that ADAMTS13 level did not correlate with the SOFA score, which suggests patients, had evidence of endothelial dysfunction even before obvious multi - organ injury. ADAMTS13 activity is not an independent predictor of severity of sepsis (as based on the SOFA score) or mortality in sepsis. However, there was an increased trend towards higher mortality in the low ADAMTS13 level group. We need prospective modelling studies including ADAMTS13 level in the sepsis mortality predictor scores to evaluate if early detection of endothelial dysfunction can predict mortality or morbidity in sepsis. Download : Download high-res image (110KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Disclosures Rajasekhar: Bayer: Consultancy; Octapharma: Consultancy; American Society of Hematology: Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy; Baxter: Consultancy.
The Ongoing Debate About the Impact of the 150-Hour Education Requirement on the Supply of Certified Public Accountants

In an earlier paper in this journal, Allen and Woodland (2006; hereafter AW) provided evidence that the 150-hour education requirement for licensure significantly reduced the number of candidates taking and passing the CPA exam, but had little effect on pass rates. Gramling and Rosman (2009; hereafter GR) extended AW by examining the number of candidates based on whether the 150-hour requirement applies to the exam or for licensure, concluding that the 150-hour requirement does not reduce the number of candidates taking and passing the exam. In this paper, we reopen the discussion of whether the 150-hour education requirement affects entrants into the accounting profession by comparing the AW and GR research designs and conclusions. We conclude that the GR research design yields results about whether differences in 150-hour implementation methods affect the number of candidates taking and passing the exam, but does not directly provide evidence about whether the 150-hour education requirement itself affects the number of candidates.
Enterprise Risk Management for the Implementation of Cloud Security

Cloud computing technology has evolved tremendously in the last few years as it provides several advantages for both organizations and individuals. But, simultaneously, numerous issues have arisen due to the massive development of cloud computing. Establishments often have raised concerns about the migration and operation of cloud computing due to the diminishing control over their outsourced resources and cloud computing is susceptible to risks. Accordingly, a cloud provider needs to accomplish the cloud computing landscape risks with the intention of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing the risks in order to lessen those risks, expand security, upsurge confidence in cloud services, and dismiss organizations’ concerns about using a cloud environment. Considering that a conservative risk management framework does not fit healthy with cloud computing due to the intricacy of its environment, research in this area has become extensive. The review will consider the extent of the involvement and participation of my organization in developing cloud computing and how the study of emerging threats and countermeasures helped achieve a sustainable ecosystem in my organization.
Predicting and decomposing why representative agent and heterogeneous agent models sometimes diverge

Abstract Heterogeneous agent (HA) and representative agent (RA) models often give very different answers to important economic questions, even when studying the same phenomenon with the otherwise identical assumptions. There are a variety of reasons why HA and RA models may differ. This paper provides a formula that can be used to decompose the different response functions of HA and RA models into six major “mechanical” categories. Because solving HA models is costly, researchers using this formula are better able to predict when an HA model is unlikely to improve upon an RA model, and defend their use of an RA model without first solving the HA model. Moreover, when two models do diverge, this paper provides a framework for understanding mechanically why they diverged.
An Activity Theory Analysis of Search & Rescue Collective Sensemaking and Planning Practices

Search and rescue (SAR), a disaster response activity performed to locate and save victims, primarily involves collective sensemaking and planning. SAR responders learn to search and navigate the environment, process information about buildings, and collaboratively plan with maps. We synthesize data from five sources, including field observations and interviews, to understand the informational components of SAR and how information is recorded and communicated. We apply activity theory, uncovering unforeseen factors that are relevant to the design of collaboration systems and training solutions. Through our analysis, we derive design implications to support collaborative information technology and training systems: mixing physical and digital mapping; mixing individual and collective mapping; building for different levels and sources of information; and building for different rules, roles, and activities.
Interventions to mitigate moral distress: A systematic review of the literature.

Abstract Background Moral distress is a pervasive phenomenon that can negatively impact healthcare professionals and has been well studied in nursing populations. Much of the evidence suggests that it is associated with intention to leave high acuity areas and the profession. Despite the increasing amounts of research to explore the causes and effects of moral distress, there is limited research on interventions that mitigate the negative effects of moral distress. Objectives The aims of this systematic review were to: (a) identify and examine interventions developed to address moral distress experienced by health care professionals (b) examine the quality of the research methods and (c) report on the efficacy of these interventions. Design We conducted a systematic review of interventional studies developed to mitigate moral distress. Data Source Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies (July 2019- September 2019). Additional bioethics databases and reference lists were also hand-searched. Review methods The first author reviewed all retrieved titles and abstracts with a low tolerance for borderline papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and those papers were reviewed and discussed by all authors to determine inclusion. Quality appraisal was conducted on the included studies using narrative synthesis to compare the findings. Data were extracted and compared by all authors and then reviewed by the first author for consistency. Results Sixteen papers were included for full text review and the following interventions identified: educational interventions of varying length and breadth; facilitated discussions ranging from 30 to 60 minutes; specialist consultation services; an intervention bundle; multidisciplinary rounds; self-reflection and narrative writing. Researchers reported statistically significant reductions in moral distress using pre and post surveys, including one mixed methods program evaluation (n=7). The qualitative program evaluation provided participant quotations to suggest their program was beneficial. There were no statistically significant findings in the other studies (n=8). All studies had limitations in design and methodology presenting significant threats to validity. Conclusion Designing rigorous research studies that measure the impact of interventions aimed at mitigating moral distress continues to be challenging. The primary reason being that moral distress is a subjective ethical phenomenon with a number of different causes and effects. This calls for interventions that are flexible and sensitive to individual's needs. To build an evidence-base, interventions should also be measurable and research methods need to be scientifically rigorous. To achieve rigor and innovation, researchers should clearly justify their methodological choices. Tweetable abstract: Interventions to mitigate moral distress: a systematic review of the literature. Educational interventions offer a promising direction but more research is needed.
Characterizing the knowledge of educators across the tiers of instructional support

Translating the research base on effective reading instruction to the classroom has been a challenge. The delivery of these instructional methods requires practical skills coupled with an understanding of the aspects of language being taught. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of literacy knowledge of the English language held by educators who provide instruction to students in the primary grades. Data from 1369 classroom teachers, 74 reading interventionists, and 131 special educators comprising the analytic sample were collected as part of a training initiative in a US state. Participating educators completed a 50-item test of phonological sensitivity, phonemic awareness, decoding, encoding, and morphology. Multiple regression analyses confirmed differences in the levels of knowledge observed between the groups of educators. Reading interventionists demonstrated greater knowledge than classroom teachers and special educators in the total proportion of correct responses and across each domain. Classroom teachers demonstrated greater knowledge than special educators in phonological sensitivity and decoding but did not differ from each other in phonemic awareness, encoding, or morphology knowledge. Special educators provide intervention to students with the most severe forms of reading disabilities, yet they had the lowest level of knowledge. In contrast, reading interventionists, who provide intervention within general education, had the highest levels of knowledge. These findings suggest a need to elevate the knowledge of special educators and consider reading interventionists' role in supporting students identified with a specific learning disability in reading.
Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: Unusual presentations of a treatable disease.

Introduction/aims Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an immune-mediated myopathy typically presenting with progressive subacute weakness and characteristic, but nonspecific, myopathological findings. Atypical cases however can mimic other inherited or acquired myopathies, depriving patients of treatment. We describe a cohort of such patients. Methods We retrospectively identified IMNM patients who either previously carried a diagnosis of an inherited myopathy established on clinicopathological grounds or whose muscle biopsies displayed atypical features suggestive of a different myopathy. Results Among 131 IMNM patients, seven previously unreported patients (5%) met one of the above criteria. Three patients were diagnosed with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy on the basis of a chronic progressive course of weakness and family history of myopathy or cardiomyopathy. The other four patients displayed atypical histological features (two prominent mitochondrial abnormalities, one myofibrillar pathology, and one granulomatous inflammation). Immunostaining of biopsies from 12 additional IMNM patients did not identify myofibrillar pathology. The patient with granulomatous inflammation was known to have pulmonary sarcoidosis. Genetic testing for inherited myopathies was unrevealing. Antibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase or signal recognition particle were identified in 5 and 1 patients, respectively. Four patients presented with slowly progressive weakness over 3-13 y, while weakness was subacute over ≤6 mo in three patients. All patients responded to immunomodulatory therapy. Discussion Atypical clinical and histological features can occur in IMNM patients, causing delays in diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians should, therefore, consider IMNM in the differential diagnosis of unexplained proximal myopathies in spite of atypical clinical and myopathological findings.
Capillary-Elastic Instabilities with an Oscillatory Forcing Function

The lung is comprised of a network of bifurcating airway tubes which are coated with a thin viscous film. Often times, especially in the case of disease, the liquid film can form a meniscus which blocks the tube, thus obstructing airflow. The formation of the liquid meniscus is due to capillary driven instabilities which can arise in the lining, causing the lining to close up. In addition, airflow can also be obstructed if the airway tube collapses in on itself. This occurs when the elastic forces of the tube are not large enough to sustain the negative fluid pressures caused by the surface-tension of the airliquid interface. Premature babies, whose lungs haven’t developed sufficient surfactant to maintain the surface tension of the lung at a sufficiently low level for healthy functioning, are especially predisposed to problems caused by airway closure. In such cases, the patients are sometimes put on high frequency ventilation machines to improve gas exchange (Heldt et al. 1992, Patel 1995, Paulson it el al. 1996). The frequency of the breathing cycle, as well as the tidal volume, are two control parameters at the disposal of the clinician. Little is known, however, of the effect that these two parameters can have on the occurrence of airway closure. Indeed, if airways can be kept open by using some given machine frequency, then this would be of vital importance in the treatment of such patients. The present work examines and quantifies these particular issues.
Comparative programming languages: generalizing the programming function

Part 1 Elements of programming languages: introduction perspective on programming language language processors and related concepts data level structure program-level structure control-level structure. Part 2 Programming languages for information processing: sample programming problems COBOL language elements Pascal language elements MODULA-2 language elements C language elements PROLOG language elements smalltalk language elements. Part 3 Other programming tools and environments: program design fourth-generation productivity tools expert advisors.
International Trade and Business in The Late 1980s: An Integrated U.S. Perspective

Much of the current research and teaching in international business and trade is not part of a concerted effort in a given direction. This is the result of a lack of adequate information about what the major issues will be, and a lack of adequate communication between the academic, business, and policymaking communities. This article presents the findings of a Delphi study conducted with academicians, business executives, and policymakers involved in international trade. The most crucial issue identified by that research is the current challenge to the multilateral trade framework. This challenge emanates from such new factors as trade in services, subsidization, high technology transfer, countertrade, and orderly marketing agreements. After discussing these and other newly emerging issues in international business and trade, recommendations are made to encourage a better focus for future research and teaching in the international business and trade arena.
Codes on Graphs: A Survey for Algebraists

There is intense current interest in the subject of "codes on graphs." Graphical models for codes arise from state realizations. Normal realizations may be assumed without loss of generality. A normal realization has a dual which necessarily generates the dual code. Conventional trellises and tail-biting realizations are inherently normal. Efficient realizations of Reed-Muller codes are presented. Low-density parity-check codes use generic parity-check realizations. Algebraic tools may improve such graph-based codes.
Freedom of the Press

This article defines press freedom-related concepts and theories. In addition, it examines various key issues relating to freedom of the press in the United States and abroad. Among the topics covered are censorship, international law on censorship, self-censorship, right of reply, press subsidies, licensing of journalists, defamation law, criminal defamation, transnational defamation litigation, Internet defamation, preventive counseling, freedom of information, free press vs fair trial, journalist's privilege, and US press freedom in the global twenty-first century.
Do Earthquakes Rupture Piece by Piece or All Together

Laboratory measurements are being used to resolve which of two models is better at explaining how Earth's crust ruptures to create earthquakes.
Raising the Age

An essay is presented about an article on the issues surrounding the adult criminal justice system in the U.S., by Farrington and colleagues, published within the issue. Farrington and colleagues argued that the criminal behavior or activity of youth increased the costs to individuals and society. They added that the justice system approach to youthful offenders is misaligned, and pondered on the proposed increase in adult court referral from 18 to 24.
THE BLACK‐MARKET EXCHANGE RATE VERSUS THE OFFICIAL RATE: WHICH RATE FOSTERS THE ADJUSTMENT SPEED IN THE MONETARIST MODEL?

Many less developed countries have currency controls, which can lead to black-market trade and cause distortions in the exchange market. We test the flexible-price monetary model for 25 less developed countries, using both official and black-market exchange rates. We find that the model is supported in the long run, particularly when black-market rates are used. Measuring the speed of convergence to equilibrium, we find that it is often higher in the black-market specification, implying greater efficiency. This could offer justification for exchange-rate unification, particularly in Latin America.
The Role of Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Pro-Social Bystander Interventions in Contexts of Gender Violence

Studies have shown that people differ in their likelihood of intervening as a bystander in situations of violence, but it is unclear how these actions relate to the use of alcohol. Two studies (N = 1,525) examined the relationship between alcohol use and pro-social bystander interventions in situations of physical and sexual coercion. Studies 1 and 2 provided cross-sectional evidence that alcohol use, along with alcohol expectancies, predicted patterns of bystander interventions, depending on gender. Discussion centers on the importance of including alcohol as another facet in understanding the role of pro-social bystander interventions.
Microbial resistance to drug therapy: A review

Abstract Microbial resistance to the antimicrobials in standard use is becoming more prevalent. A historical perspective frames further discussion. Bacterial resistance is most common, but resistance has been identified in fungi, viruses, and parasites. Resistance is a complex phenomenon that involves the microorganism, the environment, and the patient—separately and interactively. Resistance may be a characteristic of the microbe before exposure to a given drug or may arise as a consequence of therapy. Mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics are discussed. Antibiotic resistance is considered in both hospital and community settings, as ecosystems that are separate yet blending, and the major organisms demonstrating significant resistance problems are presented. A review of existing guidelines, strategies, and plans for addressing resistance and some recommendations conclude this review.
Management of the contracted eye socket

The approach to the surgical management of the contracted eye socket requires a good patient history and preliminary evaluation. Upon assessing the extent of socket contraction, the surgeon has at his disposal several surgical procedures. For moderate socket contraction, a mucous membrane graft may be employed. For severe contraction, a split thickness skin graft and a socket mold wired to the orbital rim is advocated. For the extruding or exposed implant, a dermal-fat graft is recommended.
A trilogy on surfaces. II. On Gibb's adsorption equation and Antonow's law

The Gibb's adsorption equations for a multicomponent multiphase system are used to discuss the relationship between the surface tensions and interfacial tension. It is shown for binary systems that when the terms involving the surface excesses vanish, Antonow's rule is obtained.
THE STANDARD MODEL WITH THREE GENERATIONS: CLOSING IN ON THE TOP QUARK MASS

Within the standard model with three generations we fit the top quark mass mt by combining experimental information of and mixing, CP-violation in K decay and the ratio Γ(W)/Γ(Z) extracted from collider data. We conclude that where the "systematic error" associated with theoretical ambiguities in performing the calculations is likely to be significantly larger than the quoted 10 GeV error associated with input parameters and experimental data. The anticipated value essentially guarantees the discovery of the top quark by existing experiments. Failure to discover it should force us to reconsider generally accepted calculational procedures before it signals new physics beyond the standard model. We discuss this in some detail.
Third-harmonic generation and multiphoton ionization in rare gases

Resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (MPI) and third-harmonic generation (THG) have been concurrently studied in the rare gases, xenon, krypton, and argon. The disappearance with increasing pressure of the MPI signals resonant with the three-photon allowed 6s 5s, and 4s states, respectively, of the rare gases, is linked to the appearance of THG. Conversely, THG is shown to be partially quenched at certain wavelengths by one- and two-photon absorption leading to ionization.
A correlation-based algorithm for classifying technical articles

An enormous amount of information is constantly generated by scientists in various branches of science as a result of research conducted especially in the field of Biology. These research outcomes are reported in journal and conference articles. For example, Pubmed currently stores millions of abstracts and is growing at a rapid pace. Given such a large repository, one of the challenges for any biologist will be to search for articles that will likely have specific information that (s) he is looking for. A computational tool that can come up with a short list of papers that are likely to contain the information of interest will be of great use to any scientist. In this paper we present generic computational techniques that can be used to build such tools. A typical tool that we envision will take as input a set of keywords (that characterize the information of interest) and will develop a learner that is capable of classifying papers into two types. A Type 1 paper does have information of interest and a Type 2 paper does not. It is noteworthy that there are tools reported in the literature that are similar to what we study in this paper. An example is the TextMine algorithm of [11]. We show that our algorithms yield better results than TextMine. For each PubMed paper, the TextMine algorithm computes the likelihood of this paper containing information on minimotifs. As a result, the algorithm assigns a score for each paper. Those papers that have a score above a threshold will be output for the biologists to read manually. TextMine has proven to be a very valuable tool for enhancing the minimotif database of the MnM system [12] [13].
Conformational and tautomeric equilibria of formohydroxamic acid in the gas phase and in aqueous solution

Abstract The extent of tautomerism and conformational isomerism in formohydroxamic acids was explored using ab initio calculations. Several new conformers were identified, as well as a new tautomeric form that may be viewed as the N-oxide of imidic acid. In most cases, these new isomers are less stable than those previously discussed in the literature. Hydration effects were explored using AM1-SM2 and PM3-SM3 calculations. The new N-oxide tautomers were found to be preferentially stabilized compared to the gas phase, but not to the extent of making them competitive with the global minimum.
Liquid Crystalline Phases through Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Formed in a Mixture of Phenol Derivatives and 4,4′-Bipyridine

Smectic liquid crystalline phases are formed due to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding in a binary mixture of phenol derivatives and 4,4′-bipyridine as the length of the terminal alkyl or alkoxyl chains are increased.
Synchrotron radiation as a tool for investigating virus structures

Synchrotron radiation is critically important to the determination of virus structures. Methods of data reduction and phase determination are explained. Some examples are mentioned.
SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF CACTUS BUGS: AREA CONSTRAINTS AND PATCH CONNECTIVITY

Understanding the effects of landscape structure on the distribution of or- ganisms in subdivided habitat is central to spatial ecology and conservation biology. We investigated how suitable habitat patches and the intervening matrix influenced the incidence and abundance of cactus bugs (Chelinidea vittiger) on their naturally patchy host plant, plains prickly pear (Opuntia polyacantha). We compared responses of three life stages of C. vittiger on two landscapes with different matrix properties in Colorado, USA. Patch area and abundances of C. vittiger exhibited a limiting-factor relationship that we estimated with quantile regression. Chelinidea vittiger density in patches was negatively related to patch area for all life stages and landscapes. Our results supported predictions from the "under- matching hypothesis," which suggests that limited knowledge of resource patches is one determinant of abundance patterns. Multiple regression models of occupancy and abundance indicated that (1) the amount of explained variance depended greatly on the measured response variable and on the life stage of the insect, (2) metrics of patch connectivity had more support in models of abundance than of presence-absence in patches, (3) patch area had an interactive effect with patch connectivity in most abundance models, and (4) a "matrix-matters" measure of connectivity received only mixed support when included in abundance models for a landscape with a heterogeneous matrix. A model that included only the two priority variables in basic metapopulation models (patch area and patch con- nectivity) was insufficient for understanding distribution patterns of C. vittiger in patchy landscapes.
Analysis of Follicular Fluid Retinoids in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: Retinoic Acid Influences Embryo Quality and Is Reduced in Women With Endometriosis

Retinol (ROL) and its biologically active metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), are essential for a number of reproductive processes. However, there is a paucity of information regarding their roles in ovarian folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and early embryogenesis. The objectives of this study were to quantify and compare peripheral plasma (PP) and follicular fluid (FF) retinoid levels, including ATRA in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to investigate the relationship between retinoid levels and embryo quality. Retinoid levels were evaluated in PP and FF from 79 women undergoing IVF at the time of oocyte retrieval and corresponding embryo quality assessed on a daily basis after retrieval for 3 days until uterine transfer. Analysis compared the retinoid levels with day 3 embryo grades and between endometriosis versus control patients. Results demonstrated distinctive levels of retinoid metabolites and isomers in FF versus PP. There was a significantly larger percentage of high-quality grade I embryos derived from the largest versus smallest follicles. An increase in follicle size also correlated with a >50% increase in FF ROL and ATRA concentrations. Independent of follicle size, FF yielding grade I versus nongrade I embryos showed higher mean levels of ATRA but not ROL. In a nested case–control analysis, control participants had 50% higher mean levels of ATRA in their FF and PP than women with endometriosis. These findings strongly support the proposition that ATRA plays a fundamental role in oocyte development and quality, and that reduced ATRA synthesis may contribute to decreased fecundity of participants with endometriosis.
Microinjections of leupeptin in the frontal cortex or dorsal hippocampus block spatial learning in the rat.

Adult male Long—Evans hooded rats were given bilateral microinjections of 18 mM leupeptin or saline through cannulae implanted with tips aimed at the frontal cortex or CA1 or CA3 hippocampal cell fields. Five minutes following injections animals were allowed to complete an eight-arm radial maze. The acquisition criterion required that the animal make 7 correct choices of the first 8, and 8 correct choices of the first 10, for five consecutive sessions. Leupeptin slowed acquisition of the eight-arm radial maze task when injected into the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal fields or the frontal cortex, but did not influence spontaneous activity. These results suggest that earlier reports of the amnestic effect of leupeptin when administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle may have been due to effects within the cortex and hippocampus. The present experiment represents the first attempt to identify behaviorally those brain areas in which leupeptin acts to alter learning.
Crisis in Latin America

A serious discussion of the perspectives for socialism in Latin America today requires several levels of analysis, moving from world economic condi tions to U.S.-Latin American relations to their specific impact on Latin America. The analysis must focus on the impact of the economic recession/ depression on changing political-economic systems and class structures and to examine the development of the class struggle and the anti-imperi alist movement in specific countries and under different regimes. While the present situation has broad similarities to previous recessions and economic cycles, there are many good reasons to think that the specific world historical conditions in the present conjuncture mark the present eco nomic recession/depression as very distinctive or unique.
D&D Knowledge Management Information Tool: A Web Based System Developed to Share D&D Knowledge Worldwide

Deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) work is a high-risk and technically challenging enterprise within the U.S. Department of Energy complex. During the past three decades, the DOE’s Office of Environmental Management has been in charge of carrying out one of the largest environmental restoration efforts in the world: the cleanup of the Manhattan Project legacy.In today’s corporate world, worker experiences and knowledge that have developed over time represent a valuable corporate asset. The ever-dynamic workplace, coupled with an aging workforce, presents corporations with the ongoing challenge of preserving work-related experiences and knowledge for cross-generational knowledge transfer to the future workforce [5]. To prevent the D&D knowledge base and expertise from being lost over time, the DOE and the Applied Research Center at Florida International University (FIU) have developed the web-based Knowledge Management Information Tool (KM-IT) to capture and maintain this valuable information in a universally available and easily accessible and usable system. The D&D KM-IT was developed in collaboration with DOE Headquarters (HQ), the Energy Facility Contractors Group (EFCOG), and the ALARA [as low as reasonably achievable] Centers at Savannah River Sites to preserve the D&D information generated and collected by the D&D community. This is an open secured system that can be accessed from https://www.dndkm.org over the web and through mobile devices at https://m.dndkm.org.This knowledge system serves as a centralized repository and provides a common interface for D&D-related activities. It also improves efficiency by reducing the need to rediscover knowledge and promotes the reuse of existing knowledge. It is a community-driven system that facilitates the gathering, analyzing, storing, and sharing of knowledge and information within the D&D community. It assists the DOE D&D community in identifying potential solutions to their problem areas by using the vast resources and knowledge base available throughout the global D&D community.The D&D KM-IT offers a mechanism to the global D&D community for searching relevant D&D information and is focused on providing a single point of access into the collective knowledge base of the D&D community within and outside of the DOE. Collecting information from subject matter specialists, it builds a knowledge repository for future reference archiving Lessons Learned, Best Practices, ALARA reports, and other relevant documents and maintains a secured collaboration platform for the global D&D community to share knowledge. With the dynamic nature and evolution of the D&D knowledge base due to multiple factors such as changes in the workforce, new technologies and methodologies, economics, and regulations, the D&D KM-IT is being developed in a phased and modular fashion.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Platelet dysfunction associated with Wilms tumor and hyaluronic acid.

Acquired von Willebrand disease (AVWD) has been described in two cases of nephroblastoma. We studied a patient with nephroblastoma who presented with a coagulopathy suggestive of AVWD. The subject had undetectable levels of F. VIIIR: Ag, diminished F. VIIIR: WF (16.3%), F. VIII: C activity (37%), and lack of platelet aggregation to ADP, epinephrine, collagen, and arachidonic acid. These results were associated with abnormally high serum levels (850 mg/dl) of hyaluronic acid (HA), which made the patient's serum hyperviscous. Examination of the neoplasm revealed HA in the tumor matrix. All abnormalities of coagulation resolved after chemotherapy and extirpation of the neoplasm, which produced normal serum HA levels. To study the effects of HA on platelet function, we added HA to normal platelet-poor plasma (NPP), which rendered F. VIIIR: Ag undetectable; treatment of HA with hyaluronidase eliminated F. VIIIR: Ag assay interference caused by HA. F. VIII: C activity decreased in vitro when HA was mixed with normal platelet-poor plasma (NPP). HA reduced the initial slope of normal platelet aggregation. Partial correction of platelet aggregation occurred after hyaluronidase treatment of HA-spiked PRP. Experiments in rabbits exposed to HA (serum level 400 mg/dl) demonstrated abnormalities similar to those noted in the patient. Shear rate studies of whole blood containing HA (500 mg/dl) yielded high shear stress, 27-136 dynes/cm2 over shear rates of 10-216 sec-1. We conclude that the coagulopathy demonstrated in this case is secondary to hyperviscosity produced by elevated levels of HA, which interferes with the assay for F. VIIIR: Ag. Thus the acquired coagulopathy associated with other cases of nephroblastoma may present as spurious von Willebrand disease.
A case of external auditory canal chondroma

Abstract The differential diagnosis for an external auditory canal mass is relatively broad, with exostosis, osteoma, fibroma, keratoma, and congenital cholesteatoma among the more common diagnoses. However, an additional diagnosis, external auditory canal chondroma, should also be considered in the differential. These rare lesions are most often found in individuals of Asian ancestry. However, this is not always the case as demonstrated by this case report of an external auditory canal chondroma in a Caucasian teenager.
A novel synthesis of tocopheryl amines and amides

Abstract We report the synthesis of tocopheryl amines and amides from commercially available tocopherols. This synthesis improves the yield and diastereomeric purity of these biologically important compounds. The tocopheryl amines were prepared from the corresponding α- and δ-tocopherols using two distinct synthetic routes. The introduction of the C(6)-amino group can be achieved by aryl nitration/reduction or by Pd-catalyzed substitution of an aryl triflate, depending on the structure of the starting material. We also prepared the succinamide and maleamide derivatives of each amine. Tocopheryl amides are more potent pro-apoptotic anti-cancer agents than the corresponding α-tocopheryl esters. These compounds act selectively within the mitochondria of cancer cells.
“The Modest and Capable Western Statesman”: Harry S. Truman in the United States Senate, 1935-1940

In the 1930s, Harry S. Truman was in many respects a “typical” junior senator propelled into the upper house by the appeal of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. Coping with such personal difficulties as the expenses of his position and the considerable stresses that the profession of politics placed on him, he won the esteem of his colleagues with his high capacity for hard work and gift for cultivating male friendship. As is often the case when two senators from a state are from the same party, his relations with his fellow Missouri Senator Bennett Champ Clark oscillated between rivalry and cooperation. Indebted to Missouri's Pendergast machine, he walked an uneasy line in which he voted according to his preferences on substantive issues while pursuing the needs of the machine and its associates in matters of patronage and federal favors. Usually a reliable supporter of President Roosevelt despite a lack of recognition from the White House, he is best understood as a politician who moved from an ear...
Soil solution chemistry of an Adirondack Spodosol: lysimetry and N dynamics

Solutes were monitored from the soil of a beech–maple forest and an adjacent lake at the Huntington Forest in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. The predominant ions were Ca2+ and SO42−. For soil solutions collected by lysimeters, the highest concentrations of most ions (H+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NO3−) occurred in O horizon leachates, and the lowest concentrations beneath the spodic B horizon. However, Al and SO42− concentrations were highest beneath the B horizon. Concentrations of NO3− showed distinct seasonal variation. Values reached 60 μequiv. L−1 in the spring and decreased to near zero late in the growing season. Coefficients of variation (CV) differed among horizons. The E horizon was generally most variable (CV, 17 to 199%) and the B horizon the least (CV 19 to 166%). Variation was especially high for NO3− and NH4+, which had minimum CVs of 124% and 122%, respectively. Variation in these ions was likely due to the dominant role of biological processes in affecting nitrogen dynamics. Differ...