cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of reflex testing using focused next generation sequencing for management of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

e24199Background: Genomic testing is an increasingly important part of directing therapy for cancer patients, especially in lung cancer where there are an increasing number of genomically-directed ...
The Impact of Personal and Professional Loss on Advance Care Planning and Effective Care Delivery for Healthcare Social Workers

Personal experiences can influence the practice of social work. However, the connection between past experiences with death and social workers’ practice has been underexplored. As such, this study ...
The regulation of androgen receptor levels by a feedback loop in prostate cancer cells

986 Introduction and Objectives: Modulation of androgen receptor may play an important role in normal growth and differentiation of prostate epithelial cells. AR alterations (amplification, elevated expression, mutation, co-activator/co-repressor dysfunction) leading to gain of AR functions are increasingly highlighted in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Our laboratory has recently contributed to comprehensive evaluation of the androgen regulated gene repertoire using SAGE and GeneChip platforms. We reported earlier the discovery of a novel prostate-abundant, androgen regulated gene, PMEPA1, which shows decreased expression in two-thirds of prostate cancer specimens analyzed thus far. Decreased PMEPA1 expression in prostatic tumors and it’s tumor cell growth in laboratory functions suggested a potential tumor suppressor gene feature of the PMEPA1. PMEPA1 protein binds to NEDD4 protein, which plays a central role in the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. We identified the PY-motifs of the PMEPA1 protein that mediated it’s binding to NEDD4. Results: Here we report that PMEPA1 also binds to androgen receptor and that PMEPA1 may drive the degradation of AR. These findings suggested that PMEPA1 could strongly and specifically reduce the cellular levels of androgen receptor. The antagonistic function of PMEPA1 to AR is consistent with the proposed tumor suppressor role of PMEPA1. We have defined androgen responsive elements within the upstream sequences of PMEPA1 gene by using in silico regulatory model prediction strategies. Following the predictions, we validated the potential AR-binding sites by in vivo Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assays. We concluded that AR can directly bind to the PMEPA1 gene promoter and may regulate its expression. Conclusions: Taken together, we unraveled the two arms of regulatory loops in the regulation of androgen receptor by PMEPA1. This led us to propose a novel feedback loop between the potential tumor suppressor PMEPA1 and AR proteins. Thus, down-regulation of PMEPA1 in prostate cancer cells may affect increased AR levels. Further investigation of PMEPA1 in androgen receptor functions is in progress.
Identifying vulnerable older adult populations by contextualizing geriatric syndrome information in clinical notes of electronic health records

Objective Geriatric syndromes such as functional disability and lack of social support are often not encoded in electronic health records (EHRs), thus obscuring the identification of vulnerable older adults in need of additional medical and social services. In this study, we automatically identify vulnerable older adult patients with geriatric syndrome based on clinical notes extracted from an EHR system, and demonstrate how contextual information can improve the process. Materials and methods We propose a novel end-to-end neural architecture to identify sentences that contain geriatric syndromes. Our model learns a representation of the sentence and augments it with contextual information: surrounding sentences, the entire clinical document, and the diagnosis codes associated with the document. We trained our system on annotated notes from 85 patients, tuned the model on another 50 patients, and evaluated its performance on the rest, 50 patients. Results Contextual information improved classification, with the most effective context coming from the surrounding sentences. At sentence level, our best performing model achieved a micro-F1 of 0.605, significantly outperforming context-free baselines. At patient level, our best model achieved a micro-F1 of 0.843. Discussion Our solution can be used to expand the identification of vulnerable older adults with geriatric syndromes. Since functional and social factors are often not captured by diagnosis codes in EHRs, the automatic identification of the geriatric syndrome can reduce disparities by ensuring consistent care across the older adult population. Conclusion EHR free-text can be used to identify vulnerable older adults with a range of geriatric syndromes.
Initial Public Offerings Over the Industry Life Cycle

We provide new evidence on IPOs over the industry life cycle. Less innovative, financially constrained firms seek public equity earlier in an industry’s life cycle. Moreover, average profitability of early IPOs is lower when more private capital flows to the industry early in its growth phase. Our results suggest that availability of private capital enables better-performing firms to avoid early public issuance without incurring a long-term product market disadvantage. However, delayed IPOs carry a cost for public investors. By the time late issuers tap public markets, the period of high market-share growth and high returns for equity investors has passed.
Family Law Isolationism and 'Church, State, and Family'

The United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child (“CRC”) turns 30 this year. Adopted by the UN and opened for signatures on November 20, 1989, the CRC met a warm embrace by the international community: within a year, 20 nations had ratified it and it entered into force in September 1990. When the United States signed the CRC in 1995, nearly all of the world’s nations had already ratified it. By the mid-2000s, a common refrain among academics and activists was that the United States was joined only by Somalia and South Sudan in failing to ratify the CRC. That changed in 2015 when Somalia and South Sudan ratified the CRC. Now, the United States stands alone. To understand the United States’ committed and deliberate family law isolationism, one need look no further than John Witte’s latest book, “Church, State, and Family,” and especially its chapter on “Why Suffer the Children? Overcoming the Modern Church’s Opposition to Children’s Rights.” The book charts the centrality of the marital family, even as the law allows couples to privatize their marital and intimate arrangements, as Brian Bix discusses at length in a companion reflection. Throughout, Professor Witte conveys the thick shield erected by states laws around the family, which have allowed the family to serve, in his words, as a “cradle of conscience, chrysalis of care, and cornerstone of ordered liberty.
Inner, meso, and outer scales in a differentially heated vertical channel

Reynolds shear stress and Reynolds normal stress in a differentially heated vertical channel were shown in a previous paper to scale by a mixed scale of the friction velocity uτ and the maximum mean vertical velocity Umax. This scale was empirically determined; this work presents a physical understanding of the new scaling. A new dimensional analysis is developed that involves a simple modification of the traditional inner–outer scaling. The functional dependencies in the new dimensional analysis are determined using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. The DNS data confirm the new physical reasoning and reveal, as follows: (i) The velocity fluctuation variance at the centerline scales with an outer scale, which is the mixed scale uτUmax. (ii) The location of the maximum mean vertical velocity scales as an Obukhov-style length scale, which, in turn, scales as the geometric mean of the inner length scale and the outer length scale. (iii) The temperature fluctuation variance at the centerline scales with an outer temperature scale. (iv) The temperature fluctuation variance peaks in the inner layer, and its peak value scales with an inner temperature scale. The new outer scales obtained from the dimensional analysis are shown to be consistent with the properties of the mean momentum balance equation.
9 – Typhoid toxin

Typhoid toxin is a unique virulence factor of the Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi, which are the cause of typhoid fever, a life-threatening systemic disease in humans. Composed of two A subunits linked to a pentameric B subunit, typhoid toxin is the only known toxin of its family with an A2B5 architecture. When administered to experimental animals, typhoid toxin can replicate most of the symptoms of typhoid fever, thus placing this toxin at the center of the pathogenesis of this very important disease. In addition, its unique receptor binding specificity with exquisite selectivity for human glycans provides an explanation for the mechanisms of host specificity of the Salmonella enterica serovars that cause typhoid fever.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to the Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap Donor Site

A rare complication of flap reconstruction following oncologic ablation is metastasis to the donor site. We present a novel case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) recurrence at the right upper-extremity donor site following tonsillar SCCA resection with supraclavicular artery island flap reconstruction. Following surgery, the patient presented with cutaneous recurrence at the right upper-extremity donor site. Biopsy confirmed metastasis from the oropharyngeal primary. The patient developed two subsequent right upper-extremity recurrences before he died. The most likely mechanism of metastasis is direct implantation via contamination. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining separate surgical fields and instruments during oncologic ablation and reconstruction. Laryngoscope, 131:E440-E442, 2021.
Multistate QM/QM Extrapolation of UV/Vis Absorption Spectra with Point Charge Embedding.

The simulation of UV/vis absorption spectra of large chromophores is prohibitively expensive with accurate quantum mechanical (QM) methods. Thus, hybrid methods, which treat the core chromophoric r...
Spatial and temporal control of targeting Polo-like kinase during meiotic prophase

Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play widely conserved roles in orchestrating meiotic chromosome dynamics. However, how PLKs are targeted to distinct subcellular localizations during meiotic progression remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK-1 primes the recruitment of PLK-2 to the synaptonemal complex (SC) through phosphorylation of SYP-1 in C. elegans. SYP-1 phosphorylation by CDK-1 occurs just before meiotic onset. However, PLK-2 docking to the SC is prevented by the nucleoplasmic HAL-2/3 complex until crossover designation, which constrains PLK-2 to special chromosomal regions known as pairing centers to ensure proper homologue pairing and synapsis. PLK-2 is targeted to crossover sites primed by CDK-1 and spreads along the SC by reinforcing SYP-1 phosphorylation on one side of each crossover only when threshold levels of crossovers are generated. Thus, the integration of chromosome-autonomous signaling and a nucleus-wide crossover-counting mechanism partitions holocentric chromosomes relative to the crossover site, which ultimately defines the pattern of chromosome segregation during meiosis I.
Listeria Meningitis in a Patient with Encephalopathy

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram positive intracellular bacterium that causes uncommon but serious infections. Its incidence in developed countries is about six per one million people with the common presentations being neurolisteriosis, bacteremia, and maternal-neonatal infection. A surveillance study by the Center for Disease Control and Food Net shows the incidence of Listeriosis is about 0.25-0.32 per 100,000 patients in the United States. There were 24 Listeria outbreaks during 1998-2008, of which food vehicle was associated in 20 outbreaks, and serotype 4b being most common. We present the case of …
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Motivational Interviewing with Sexual Minority Male Couples to Reduce Drug Use and Sexual Risk: The Couples Health Project.

A randomized controlled trial evaluated the preliminary efficacy of a dyadically-delivered motivational interviewing (MI) intervention to reduce drug use and sexual risk in a sample of 50 sexual minority (cis)male (SMM) couples. In each couple, at least one partner was aged 18-29; reported drug use and sexual HIV transmission risk; and was HIV-negative. Couples were randomized to either the three-session MI intervention or an attention-matched control, with follow-up surveys completed at 3- and 6-months post-baseline. Between-group differences for all outcomes were non-significant in the overall sample. Subsequent moderation analyses indicated the intervention significantly reduced illicit drug use (excluding marijuana) at 3-month follow-up when either respondents (B = - 1.96; interval rate ratio-IRR 0.02-1.22; p = .001), their partners (B = - 2.60; IRR 0.01-0.64; p = .004), or both (B = - 2.38; IRR 0.01-0.80; p = .001) reported high levels of baseline use. The intervention also reduced condomless anal sex (CAS) with casual partners when both partners reported high frequency baseline CAS (B = - 2.54; IRR 0.01-0.83; p = .047). Findings provide initial evidence of the potential for MI to address drug use and sexual risk-taking among SMM couples at highest risk.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine) Identifier: #NCT03386110.
Implementing a patient navigation program to improve adherence with cancer treatment for community health center patients newly diagnosed with cancer

103Background: Community health centers’ (CHCs) patients newly diagnosed with cancer often experience barriers to accessing timely treatment. Patient navigation decreases barriers to cancer screeni...
Tierstraßen in der Antarktis

Die Antarktis beginnt bei etwa 50° sudlicher Breite an der „Antarktischen Konvergenz“, wo subtropisches und antarktisches Wasser zusammentreffen. Im Zentrum der Antarktis liegt der Sudpolkontinent, Antarktika.
The Role of Inhibition in Asynchronous Consistent-Cut Protocols

We present results relevant to the development of consistent-cut protocols. Consistent-cut protocols are those which are based on finding a consistent global state in an underlying distributed computation; they are used for a variety of applications such as system checkpointing and deadlock detection. We formally define what it means for a protocol to be non-inhibitory, which intuitively means that it does not prevent any actions from occurring in an underlying system computation. We prove that there is no non-inhibitory consistent-cut protocols for FIFO systems of one message per bidirectional channel (up to $\frac {1}{2} (n^{2} n$, for completely connected networks). We present two protocols, one non-inhibitory requiring up to two messages between each pair of neighboring nodes in a network and the other inhibitory and requiring only $3(n 1)$ messages total. In most networks, these results illustrate a tradeoff between the amount of necessary communication and the willingness to inhibit actions of the underlying system. Additionally, our inhibitory protocol also works for non-FIFO systems, thus illustrating that the inhibitory condition is exactly what is required to develop consistent-cut protocols for non-FIFO systems which satisfy our model.
Role of selenium in HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS continues to be a major health priority worldwide as the number of people living with HIV grows due to the life-prolonging effects of antiretroviral therapy. Nutrient deficits, however, may interfere with the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy by delaying the recuperation of the immune system and aggravating side-effects, such as oxidative damage, which have been associated with treatment. Selenium status influences HIV disease progression through its role in cytokine modulation and antioxidant systems. Selenium supplementation in HIV-positive patients has shown benefits on biomarkers of disease progression, morbidity and mortality. Further research is needed to elucidate its effect on other aspects of the disease such as HIV shedding, mitochondrial damage, and HIV transmission.
Measuring longitudinal myelin water fraction in new multiple sclerosis lesions

Objectives Investigating the potential of myelin repair strategies in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires an understanding of myelin dynamics during lesion evolution. The objective of this study is to longitudinally measure myelin water fraction (MWF), an MRI biomarker of myelin, in new MS lesions and to identify factors that influence their subsequent myelin content.
A New Heuristic for Optimizing Large Queries

There is a number of OODB optimization techniques proposed recently, such as the translation of path expressions into joins and query unnesting, that may generate a large number of implicit joins even for simple queries. Unfortunately, most current commercial query optimizers are still based on the dynamic programming approach of System R, and cannot handle queries of more than ten tables. There is a number of recent proposals that advocate the use of combinatorial optimization techniques, such as iterative improvement and simulated annealing, to deal with the complexity of this problem. These techniques, though, fail to take advantage of the rich semantic information inherent in the query specification, such as the information available in query graphs, which gives a good handle to choose which relations to join each time. This paper presents a polynomial-time algorithm that generates a good quality order of relational joins. It is a bottom-up greedy algorithm that always performs the most profitable joins first. Our heuristic is superior to related approaches in that it generates bushy trees, it takes into account both the sizes of intermediate results and the predicate selectivities, and it always updates the query graph to reflect the new sizes and the new selectivities.
The Working Lives of Women From Lower Socioeconomic Backgrounds: Assessing Prospects, Enabling Success:

In this article, the authors attempt to provide a context and suggestions for assisting with the occupational concerns of women from low socioeconomic backgrounds who have erratic, if not nonexistent, work histories. Other purposes of the article include raising professionals' consciousness with respect to this population and focusing on counseling and assessment strategies that are meaningful to these women and realistic with respect to their current and potential opportunities. Using data from actual case studies as exemplars, this article provides suggestions for working with these clients, including building on traditional assessment and counseling strategies, developing and maintaining strong working alliances, and encouraging clients to think about their futures from a possible selves perspective.
Heart rate biofeedback and cold pressor pain: effects of expectancy.

The study investigated the effects of expectancy on the reduction of cold pressor test pain using heart rate biofeedback training. Thirty-six male subjects were given an initial 45-sec cold pressor test, 25 heart rate decrease feedback training trials, and a final cold pressor test in which they were told to decrease their heart rate, but without the aid of feedback. Two levels of outcome expectancy (increase pain, decrease pain) and two levels of cold pressor water temperature (0°C, 5°C), resulting in four groups (N=9 per group), were used to assess the interaction between expectancy and aversive stimulus intensity. Immediately prior to the final cold pressor test, the increase pain expectancy subjects were told that decreasing their heart rate during the ice water immersion would cause more pain. Decrease pain subjects were told that decreasing their heart rate would cause less pain. Expectancy was found to be the major determinant of pain reports. The decrease pain subjects consistently reported less pain on the final cold pressor, whereas the increase pain subjects consistently reported more pain. Contrary to prediction, expectancy effects were greater for the colder water. The findings indicate the importance of expectancy in the clinical use of biofeedback to control pain.
Some guidelines for the practical application of Fry's method of strain analysis

Abstract A systematic analysis of patterns in artificial and natural point distributions is presented in order to demonstrate how the nature and degree of anticlustering of point distributions affect the character of Fry diagrams derived from them. Ideally anticlustered artificial point distributions illustrate the nature of the dependence between the degree of anticlustering and the minimum number of points required in such a distribution if it is to reveal strain accurately by Fry's method. In addition, these distributions provide straightforward results which aid in the interpretation of less ideally anticlustered natural point distributions. The results from the artificial distributions may be used to estimate the minimum number of points required for strain determination in natural distributions of varying degrees of anticlustering, as long as the anticlustering is sufficiently strong. However, application of the results from the artificial distributions to less strongly anticlustered natural point distributions shows not only that the existence of a vacancy field is an insufficient criterion for determining whether or not Fry's method is appropriate for strain determination but also that the nature of the anticlustering in these natural distributions limits the effectiveness of enhancing strain definition by increasing the number of points composing the distribution.
Sensitized tissue response to an ethylene imine derivative transitional crown material

Abstract Routine clinical use of Scutan, an ethylene imine transitional crown material, over a 4-year period in approximately 2,000 applications resulted in two observed patients with allergic response to the unpolymerized material.
Oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyrate infused into the cortical subarachnoid space.

LeβOHB, la concentration du14CO2 ainsi que l'activite specifique du14CO2 ont ete determinees dans l'artere femorale, le sinus sagittal superieur et le liquid subarachnoidal cortical. L'infusion duβOHB enregistre a amene la presence de14CO2 dans le liquide subarachnoidal cortical. Les resultats indiquent que leβOHB du liquide cerebro spinal peut etre oxyde par les tissus a proximite de l'espace subarachnoidal cortical.
The Contemporary World and the "New" Religious Consciousness

(2006). The Contemporary World and the 'New' Religious Consciousness. Russian Studies in Philosophy: Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 73-97.
A functionally inactive, cold-stabilized form of the Escherichia coli F1Fo ATP synthase

Abstract An unusual effect of temperature on the ATPase activity of E. coli F 1 F o ATP synthase has been investigated. The rate of ATP hydrolysis by the isolated enzyme, previously kept on ice, showed a lag phase when measured at 15 °C, but not at 37 °C. A pre-incubation of the enzyme at room temperature for 5 min completely eliminated the lag phase, and resulted in a higher steady-state rate. Similar results were obtained using the isolated enzyme after incorporation into liposomes. The initial rates of ATP-dependent proton translocation, as measured by 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (ACMA) fluorescence quenching, at 15 °C also varied according to the pre-incubation temperature. The relationship between this temperature-dependent pattern of enzyme activity, termed thermohysteresis, and pre-incubation with other agents was examined. Pre-incubation of membrane vesicles with azide and Mg 2+ , without exogenous ADP, resulted in almost complete inhibition of the initial rate of ATPase when assayed at 10 °C, but had little effect at 37 °C. Rates of ATP synthesis following this pre-incubation were not affected at any temperature. Azide inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by the isolated enzyme was reduced when an ATP-regenerating system was used. A gradual reactivation of azide-blocked enzyme was slowed down by the presence of phosphate in the reaction medium. The well-known Mg 2+ inhibition of ATP hydrolysis was shown to be greatly enhanced at 15 °C relative to at 37 °C. The results suggest that thermohysteresis is a consequence of an inactive form of the enzyme that is stabilized by the binding of inhibitory Mg-ADP.
Mineral compositions in pristine lunar highland rocks and the diversity of highland magmatism

High precision electron microprobe analyses of olivine and pyroxene in pristine lunar highland rocks confirm the dichotomy between ferroan anorthosites and the Mg-suite. Ferroan-anorthosites plot as coherent trends, consistent with formation in a complex global magma system. Lack of coherent compositional trends in the Mg-suite rocks indicates derivation from numerous magmas.
Losing Local Control

During the past half century, three pronounced trends in state policy have occurred: Districts and schools have dramatically risen in enrollments; states have steadily raised their share of revenues for public schools; and local shares have declined. Yet organization theory and evidence suggest that these trends would make public education less efficient. This hypothesis is tested in 38 states that voluntarily cooperated in administering the National Assessment of Educational Progress mathematics examination to random within-state samples of eighth-grade students. Both correlations and regressions (controlling for per-student expenditures and student demographics) show that achievement is inversely related to both size indexes and state funding share. Achievement is inversely but insignificantly related to per-student funding.
Surface-structure determination of the layered compounds Mo S 2 and Nb Se 2 by low-energy electron diffraction

The stacking sequence and interplane and interlayer separation of $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{o}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ and $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ are determined by the dynamical low-energy-electron diffraction approach. Although lateral reconstructions corresponding to alteration in the bulk stacking sequence at the surface are physically reasonable, we find that such reconstructions do not in fact occur for these two compounds.
Numerical Solutions of the Poisson Equation: Condensation/Evaporation on Arbitrarily Shaped Aerosols

AbstractIn the dry environments of high-temperature gas reactors, aerosols and dust particles can be highly nonspherical and even chainlike agglomerates, and are highly charged. To elucidate the role of both shape and charge on particle dynamics, we have explored numerical solutions of the Poisson equation for arbitrary geometries. In this paper, we describe the general computational framework, and report results for condensation/evaporation for several different cases, including chainlike agglomerates. We find that the shape factor based on the volume equivalent sphere approximation underestimates the actual condensation rate on the agglomerate, in addition to not accounting for the local condensation rates.
A computational study of adducts between atomic chlorine and carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide

Abstract The geometries and vibrational frequencies of the adducts ClCO 2 , ClCOS and ClCS 2 were derived at the Hartree-Fock (HF) 3-21G ( ∗ ) level. The C a , structure of ClCO 2 corresponds to one C-O bond and one CO bond. Similarly, C a , ClCS 2 has one C-S and one CS bond, and ClCOS has one C-S and one C-O bond. Single-point spin-projected fourth-order Moller-Plesset (MP4) 3-21G ( ∗ ) calculations at these geometries were used in bond-separation reactions to derive Δ H o 0 for adduct formation, which is calculated to be about 39 kJ mol −1 exothermic for ClCOS and ClCS 2 , but about 39 kJ mol −1 endothermic for ClCO 2 . The C 2v structures for ClCO 2 and ClCS 2 were also characterized. The geometry of ClCS 2 has not been determined experimentally; comparison with an available measured entropy for ClCS 2 suggests that the C 2v structure is the one formed by addition of Cl to CS 2 , although the energy relative to the C a form is not reliably calculated because of instability in the HF wavefunction.
Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for seed yield, oil and protein contents in two recombinant inbred line populations of soybean

Soybean seeds contain high levels of oil and protein, and are the important sources of vegetable oil and plant protein for human consumption and livestock feed. Increased seed yield, oil and protein contents are the main objectives of soybean breeding. The objectives of this study were to identify and validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seed yield, oil and protein contents in two recombinant inbred line populations, and to evaluate the consistency of QTLs across different environments, studies and genetic backgrounds. Both the mapping population (SD02-4-59 × A02-381100) and validation population (SD02-911 × SD00-1501) were phenotyped for the three traits in multiple environments. Genetic analysis indicated that oil and protein contents showed high heritabilities while yield exhibited a lower heritability in both populations. Based on a linkage map constructed previously with the mapping population and using composite interval mapping and/or interval mapping analysis, 12 QTLs for seed yield, 16 QTLs for oil content and 11 QTLs for protein content were consistently detected in multiple environments and/or the average data over all environments. Of the QTLs detected in the mapping population, five QTLs for seed yield, eight QTLs for oil content and five QTLs for protein content were confirmed in the validation population by single marker analysis in at least one environment and the average data and by ANOVA over all environments. Eight of these validated QTLs were newly identified. Compared with the other studies, seven QTLs for seed yield, eight QTLs for oil content and nine QTLs for protein content further verified the previously reported QTLs. These QTLs will be useful for breeding higher yield and better quality cultivars, and help effectively and efficiently improve yield potential and nutritional quality in soybean.
SU( N ) evolution of a frustrated spin ladder

Recent studies indicate that the weakly coupled, ${J}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\ll}J,$ spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet with next-nearest-neighbor frustration, ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}},$ supports massive spinons for ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}{=J}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}/2.$ The straightforward $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ generalization of the low-energy ladder Hamiltonian yields two independent $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ Thirring models with $N\ensuremath{-}1$ multiplets of massive ``spinon'' excitations. We study the evolution of the complete set of low energy dynamical structure factors using form factors. Those corresponding to the smooth (staggered) magnetizations are qualitatively different (the same) in the $N=2$ and $Ng2$ cases. The absence of single-particle peaks preserves the notion of spinons stabilized by frustration. In contrast to the ladder, we note that the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\infty}$ limit of the four chain model is not a trivial free theory.
Allogeneic fetal intestinal transplantation with FK506 immunosuppression

Abstract Purpose: Small intestinal transplantation remains a significant clinical problem. Allogeneic fetal intestinal (AFI) transplantation shows promise, particularly regarding procurement; however, no studies to date have evaluated the potential success of true allogeneic loci implantation. The authors hypothesized that isolated segments of AFI could be heterotopically transplanted but would require immunosuppression to survive. Methods: Donor tissue was obtained from late-gestation Brown Norway rat fetuses with a histo-locus RTN and Fischer fetuses with a histo-locus RT1L. The recipients were adolescent male Fischer rats with a histo-locus RT1L. A 1.2-cm segment of fetal small bowel was implanted in the omentum of the recipient rat and allowed to mature for 5 weeks. Animals were then separated into five groups. Group A served as controls with syngeneic fetal intestinal (SFI) transplant. Group B received AFI with no immunosuppression; group C, AFI transplant with five days of FK506; group D, AFI with 10 days of FK506; and Group E, AFI with daily FK506 for the entire 5-week maturation period. Animals were killed on day 35. Results: All animals gained weight over the maturation period. Groups B, C, and D had no viable transplant segments at day 35. Groups A and E both had well-developed viable segments confirmed by gross and histological evaluation. Conclusions: FK506 allows for normal intestinal development for use in allogeneic fetal bowel transplantation. With this observation, the use of fetal intestine transplanted into the portal circulation emerges as a potentially viable alternative to present intestinal transplant models.
Survival Comparison of Adenosquamous, Squamous Cell, and Adenocarcinoma of the Lung After Lobectomy

Background Primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the lung is a rare tumor that may carry a poor prognosis. We examined a national database to see if ASC exhibited distinct clinical behavior from squamous cell (SC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the lung. Methods This is a retrospective study querying the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify 872 surgical patients diagnosed with ASC, 7888 with SC, and 12,601 with AC of the lung from 1998 to 2002. Analysis characterized clinical variables to determine patterns of presentation and compared survival among the above three histologic groups after lobectomy for stage I and II disease. Results ASC represented 4.1% of the 21,361 patients examined. ASC tended toward right side (56.9%) laterality and upper lobe (60.0%) location. Compared with AC, patients with ASC and SC were more likely to be male (p Conclusions This large review demonstrates that ASC is an uncommon tumor with distinct clinical behavior and worse prognosis than AC and SC. Further insight into the molecular profile of ASC is needed to determine the cause of its biologic aggressiveness.
Mathematical Adventures in Biology

A short personal tour of biological systems reveals the flavor and variety of biological questions amenable to illumination by mathematical analysis.
Plantar cutaneous input modulates differently spinal reflexes in subjects with intact and injured spinal cord.

Spinal reflex excitability study in sensory–motor incomplete spinal cord-injured (SCI) and spinal intact subjects. To investigate the effects of plantar cutaneous afferent excitation on the soleus H-reflex and flexion reflex in both subject groups while seated. Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and City University of New York, USA. The flexion reflex in SCI subjects was elicited by non-nociceptive stimulation of the sural nerve. In normal subjects, it was also elicited via innocuous medial arch foot stimulation. In both cases, reflex responses were recorded from the ipsilateral tibialis anterior muscle. Soleus H-reflexes were elicited and recorded via conventional methods. Both reflexes were conditioned by plantar cutaneous afferent stimulation at conditioning test intervals ranging from 3 to 90 ms. Excitation of plantar cutaneous afferents resulted in facilitation of the soleus H-reflex and late flexion reflex in SCI subjects. In normal subjects, the soleus H-reflex was depressed while the late flexion reflex was absent. The early flexion reflex was irregularly observed in SCI patients, while in normal subjects a bimodal reflex modulation pattern was observed. The effects of plantar cutaneous afferents change following a lesion to the spinal cord leading to exaggerated activity in both flexors and extensors. This suggests impaired modulation of the spinal inhibitory mechanisms involved in the reflex modulation. Our findings should be considered in programs aimed to restore sensorimotor function and promote recovery in these patients. NIH, NICHD, Grant no. 1R03HD043951-01 and PSC CUNY Research Award no. 67051-0036.
Stereoselective aldol condensations of organotin reagents with aldehydes

Abstract The reaction of the enolstannanes of cyclohexanone or propiophenone with various aldehydes under kinetic control (-78°) gave predominately the three aldols, diastereoselectivity as high as 95:5 being achieved. At higher temperatures (+45°) predominate erythro selectivity was observed. The enolstannane of propiophenone exists as an equilibrium mixture of O-Sn (probably the E-isomer) and C-Sn derivatives. Reaction at -78° takes place rapidly with the O-Sn enolate, further reaction requiring isomerization of the C-Sn to the O-Sn enolate. The Pd catalyzed condensation of cyanomethyltributyltin with reactive aldehydes, such as nitrobenzaldehydes, took place at ambient temperatures in polar solvents to give high yields of condensation products. No reaction occurred with aldehydes such as benzaldehyde. Only low stereoselectivity (10-34% ee) was observed when (-) DIOP or (-)BPPM were utilized as chiral phosphine ligands.
Sensitivity and selectivity of p-(N-dimethylamino cinnamylidene) malononitrile, 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino) naphthalene (PRODAN) and fluorescein

Abstract The ability of p-(N-dimethylamino cinnamylidene) malononitrile (CMN), 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino) naphthalene (PRODAN) and fluorescein to monitor the microviscosity ( η ), dielectric constant ( e ) and pH of the medium, respectively, was studied with particular emphasis given to sensitivity and selectivity. Each fluorescent probe was added to various solutions of known microviscosity, dielectric constant and pH. The fluorescence intensity of CMN and fluorescein was monitored at their wavelength of maximum emission, whereas for PRODAN, the maximum emission wavelength was monitored. Emission intensity of CMN was sensitive to microviscosity (3.2–160 cps) and insensitive to pH (1.5–8.0), dielectric constant (30–68) and ionic strength (0.12–1.20). The maximum emission wavelength of PRODAN showed a red shift with increasing dielectric constant (28–78) and was insensitive to pH (2.75–8.0), microviscosity (0.9–8.7 cps) and ionic strength (0.12–1.20). The emission intensity of fluorescein was sensitive to pH (5.00–8.00) and unperturbed by ionic strength (0.12–1.20). However, the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein was strongly influenced by the dielectric constant of the medium (28–78). A correction for this effect using PRODAN fluorescence can be found in a companion paper.
Characterization of nelfinavir binding to plasma proteins and the lack of drug displacement interactions

Objectives To determine the characteristics of the binding of nelfinavir and active M8 to α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and human serum albumin (HSA), and to examine the displacement effects of drugs binding extensively to AAG (ritonavir and saquinavir) or to HSA (salicylic acid and valproic acid). Methods Free drugs were separated by equilibrium dialysis after incubation with human plasma or purified plasma proteins and after co-incubation with potential displacers. Association constants were estimated from double-reciprocal plots of the data. Results Nelfinavir and M8 free fractions [fractions of unbound drug (fus)] were 0.42±0.08% (mean±standard deviation) and 0.64±0.07%, respectively. For the two analytes, respectively, association constants were 7.25 × 107/m and 3.33 × 107/m for AAG and 1.11 × 106/m and 7.92 × 105/m for HSA. Nelfinavir fu in an AAG solution was significantly (P<0.01) increased by the addition of ritonavir or saquinavir, whereas it was unaltered by addition of these drugs to whole plasma. Similarly, fu in an HSA solution was significantly increased (P<0.01) by the addition of salicylic acid or valproic acid, whereas there was no difference in the free fraction in plasma. Conclusions The affinity of nelfinavir for human plasma proteins was higher than that of M8, and both nelfinavir and M8 showed higher affinity to AAG than to HSA. The free fraction of nelfinavir was not affected by drugs that bind extensively to AAG or albumin when these drugs were added to whole plasma in combination, suggesting a compensatory effect of alternate binding proteins.
The fabrication of all-silicon micro gas chromatography columns using gold diffusion eutectic bonding

Temperature programming of gas chromatography (GC) separation columns accelerates the elution rate of chemical species through the column, increasing the speed of analysis, and hence making it a favorable technique to speedup separations in microfabricated GCs (micro-GC). Temperature-programmed separations would be preferred in an all-silicon micro-column compared to a silicon-Pyrex® micro-column given that the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of silicon is 2 orders of magnitude higher than Pyrex®. This paper demonstrates how to fabricate all-silicon micro-columns that can withstand the temperature cycling required for temperature-programmed separations. The columns were sealed using a novel bonding process where they were first bonded using a gold eutectic bond, then annealed at 1100 °C to allow gold diffusion into silicon and form what we call a gold diffusion eutectic bond. The gold diffusion eutectic-bonded micro-columns when examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and blade insertion techniques showed bonding strength comparable to the previously reported anodic-bonded columns. Gas chromatography-based methane injections were also used as a novel way to investigate proper sealing between channels. A unique methane elution peak at various carrier gas inlet pressures demonstrated the suitability of gold diffusion eutectic-bonded channels as micro-GC columns. The application of gold diffusion eutectic-bonded all-silicon micro-columns to temperature-programmed separations (120 °C min−1) was demonstrated with the near-baseline separation of n-C6 to n-C12 alkanes in 35 s.
On the non-existence of graphs with transitive generalized dicyclic groups

Abstract In this paper it is shown that no finite (undirected) graph can have a faithful, transitive representation of a generalized dicyclic group as the full group of automorphisms on its vertices.
Electrokinetic studies on normal and thioglycollate stimulated peritoneal macrophages

Abstract Normal and thioglycollate-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages were studied by means of cell electrophoresis. Electrophoretic mobility of normal macrophages was reduced 33% in the presence of rabbit gamma globulin (RGG), whereas, the mobility of thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages was lower than normal macrophages, and not altered in the presence of RGG. Albumin and the (Fab) 2 fragment of RGG had little effect on the mobility of normal macrophages, and nonaggregated RGG had less effect than aggregated RGG in reducing electrophoretic mobility.
Risk frames on shark diving websites: implications for global shark conservation

1. Decision-makers can leverage understanding about the human dimensions (HD) of shark conservation to inform more effective conservation action. Characterizing risk frames on shark diving websites can provide insight about the HD of shark conservation and deepen understanding of the role of risk in influencing human relationships with wildlife. 2. The objectives of the current study were to: (1) describe risk frames (e.g. victim, perpetrator) found on shark diving websites; (2) explore themes among and between risk frames; and (3) synthesize implications for conservation. 3. Content among 53 websites was analysed in December 2008; 15% used only a perpetrator frame, 21% used only a victim frame, 36% used both frames and 28% used neither frame. 4. Websites with a conservation link were more likely to use a victim frame (T = 0.283, P<0.05). The occurrence of both frames on study websites speaks to the relevancy of applying risk-related thinking to shark conservation. 5. This research highlights how risk frames are contextualized on selected shark diving websites. Integrated with understanding of the ecological processes surrounding sharks and their conservation, HD information such as that presented here can contribute to more effective shark conservation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GATA4 and GATA6 regulate intestinal epithelial cytodifferentiation during development

The intestinal epithelium performs vital roles in organ function by absorbing nutrients and providing a protective barrier. The zinc-finger containing transcription factors GATA4 and GATA6 regulate enterocyte gene expression and control regional epithelial cell identity in the adult intestinal epithelium. Although GATA4 and GATA6 are expressed in the developing intestine, loss of either factor alone during the period of epithelial morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation fails to disrupt these processes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that GATA4 and GATA6 function redundantly to control these aspects of intestinal development. We used Villin-Cre, which deletes specifically in the intestinal epithelium during the period of villus development and epithelial cytodifferentiation, to generate Gata4Gata6 double conditional knockout embryos. Mice lacking GATA4 and GATA6 in the intestinal epithelium died within 24h of birth. At E18.5, intestinal villus architecture and epithelial cell populations were altered. Enterocytes were lost, and goblet cells were increased. Proliferation was also increased in GATA4-GATA6 deficient intestinal epithelium. Although villus morphology appeared normal at E16.5, the first time at which both Gata4 and Gata6 were efficiently reduced, changes in expression of markers of enterocytes, goblet cells, and proliferative cells were detected. Moreover, goblet cell number was increased at E16.5. Expression of the Notch ligand Dll1 and the Notch target Olfm4 were reduced in mutant tissue indicating decreased Notch signaling. Finally, we found that GATA4 occupies chromatin near the Dll1 transcription start site suggesting direct regulation of Dll1 by GATA4. We demonstrate that GATA4 and GATA6 play an essential role in maintaining proper intestinal epithelial structure and in regulating intestinal epithelial cytodifferentiation. Our data highlight a novel role for GATA factors in fine tuning Notch signaling during intestinal epithelial development to repress goblet cell differentiation.
WITHDRAWN: Positive experience of family members in emergency departments: A commentary

This article has been withdrawn at the request of editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Novel applications of psychosocial interventions.

Novel applications of psychosocial interventions are vital because they increase the range of treatment opportunities available to patients. These creative applications may help healthcare providers problem-solve and manage difficult or unusual, as well as common, patient healthcare concerns more effectively. The recent impetus for patient-centered care provides a potential opportunity for the integration of eclectic and innovative modalities of treatment. Professionals with diverse expertise and experience from multiple mental health disciplines, including geriatric psychiatry, are being recruited to be part of all-inclusive, comprehensive healthcare systems. Geriatric psychiatrists will have the exceptional opportunity to collaboratively contribute to elderly patient care plans and interventions. Part of the unique repertoire of geriatric psychiatrists includes the novel applications of psychosocial interventions, such as those focused on in this special issue of The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and summarized below.