cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Control of Heterogeneous Marine Sensor Platforms in an Autonomous Sensor Network

This paper describes an investigation into the control of autonomous mobile sensor platforms in a marine sensor network used to provide monitoring of transitory phenomenon over a wide area. A distributed network of small, inexpensive vehicles with heterogeneous sensors allows us to build a robust monitoring network capable of real-time response to rapidly changing sensor data. The major objective of this paper is to describe a framework for adaptive and cooperative control of the autonomous sensor platforms in such a network. This framework has two major components, a sensor that provides high-level state information to a behavior-based autonomous vehicle control system and a new approach to behavior-based control of autonomous vehicles using multiple objective functions that allows reactive control in complex environments with multiple constraints. Experimental results are presented for a 2-D target tracking application using a network of autonomous surface craft in which one platform with a simulated bearing sensor tracks a moving target and relays the target state information to a second vehicle that is moving in a classification mode. From these results, it is readily seen that there is the potential for potent synergy from the cooperation of multiple sensor platforms which can each view an event of interest from a different vantage point.
PL Morse theory

Morse theory is an extremely versatile tool, useful in a variety of situations and parts of topology and geometry. In these intro- ductory lectures we will cover the foundations and discuss some typical applications. We will start by reviewing smooth Morse theory, then giv- ing the PL counterpart. The rest of the sections consist of applications. The proofs are fairly detailed in the beginning but get sketchier as we go along. The reader is invited to find new applications.
Regulation of vesicle transport in CV-1 cells and extracts

To investigate the regulation of microtubule-dependent vesicle motility, we have studied the effects of pharmacological agents on the frequency and velocity of small vesicle movements in intact CV-1 cells. Nocodazole, but not cytochalasin B or D, abolished vesicle movements, indicating that these movements were microtubule and not actin-dependent. The frequency of vesicle movements was stimulated maximally sixfold by okadaic acid from a resting value of 1.6 movements/min per microns2 in serum-starved CV-1 cells. Other activators in decreasing order of effectiveness are fetal calf serum, dibutyryl cAMP, cholera toxin, genistein, A23187, and trental. On the other side, taxol inhibited vesicle movements by a factor of four. The activators, okadaic acid, fetal calf serum, and dibutyryl cAMP, also increased vesicle velocity and run length, while taxol decreased vesicle velocity. Although modulation of the frequency of vesicle movements over a > 20-fold range was observed, under all conditions the fraction of vesicles moving inward versus outward did not significantly change. Only in the case of taxol was the distribution of microtubules altered within this same time period. Both inward and outward microtubule-dependent vesicle movements therefore appear to be coordinately regulated. The enhanced vesicle motility elicited by fetal calf serum in intact cells correlated with in vitro measurements of vesicle motility and velocity on purified microtubules using microtubule affinity-purified motors and carbonate-washed vesicles from cells treated with fetal calf serum. This suggests that the amount of vesicular intracellular membrane traffic is coordinately regulated with microtubule-dependent motor activity.
Structural Aspects of Islet Cell Membranes

DR. ORCI: Despite a growing body of data on islet cell structure and function in spontaneous and experimental diabetes (100, 101 113, 114, 115), the basic lesion(s) responsible for endocrine pancreatic dysfunction in this disease remain(s) to be unraveled. Although membrane systems are known to be of major importance in the control of cellular activities, no information is so far available concerning the possible role of the membranes as a crucial factor in the impairment of islet function in diabetes mellitus. In this presentation, attention is paid to some structural aspects of such membranes in normal and diabetic animals. One of the most useful techniques in the morphological study of membranes is the freeze-fracture technique (88, 132), which exposes large areas of the inside of membranes in three-dimensional view (Figs. XVI and XVII provide a comparison of conventional and freeze-fracturing techniques) and reveals individual components of these membranes down to a macromolecular size, namely 20 to 30 angstroms. With this technique, the interior of the membranes (middle of the bilayer) is exposed (13, 109), and appears structurally differentiated into smooth areas interrupted by particles 60 to 180 angstrom in diameter (Fig. XVIII). It is now accepted that the smooth areas represent the membrane phospholipids whereas the particles constitute at least in part, the morphological counterparts of proteins (26, 34, 86, 124, 139). Together, proteins and phospholipids are the building blocks of the membrane. Membranes rich in proteins, thus functionally complex, contain numerous particles.
Effect of a School-Based Water Intervention on Child Body Mass Index and Obesity

Importance Decreasing the amount of caloric beverages consumed and simultaneously increasing water consumption is important to promoting child health and decreasing the prevalence of childhood obesity. Objective To estimate the impact of water jets (electrically cooled, large clear jugs with a push lever for fast dispensing) on standardized body mass index, overweight, and obesity in elementary school and middle school students. Milk purchases were explored as a potential mechanism for weight outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This quasi-experimental study used a school-level database of cafeteria equipment deliveries between the 2008-2009 and 2012-2013 and included a sample of 1227 New York, New York, public elementary schools and middle schools and the 1 065 562 students within those schools. Intervention Installation of water jets in schools. Main Outcomes and Measures Individual body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all students in the sample using annual student-level height and weight measurements collected as part of New York’s FITNESSGRAM initiative. Age- and sex-specific growth charts produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to categorize students as overweight and obese. The hypothesis that water jets would be associated with decreased standardized BMI, overweight, and obesity was tested using a difference-in-difference strategy, comparing outcomes for treated and nontreated students before and after the introduction of a water jet. Results This study included 1 065 562 students within New York City public elementary schools and middle schools. There was a significant effect of water jets on standardized BMI, such that the adoption of water jets was associated with a 0.025 (95% CI, −0.038 to −0.011) reduction of standardized BMI for boys and a 0.022 (95% CI, −0.035 to −0.008) reduction of standardized BMI for girls (P Conclusions and Relevance Results from this study show an association between a relatively low-cost water availability intervention and decreased student weight. Milk purchases were explored as a potential mechanism. Additional research is needed to examine potential mechanisms for decreased student weight, including reduced milk taking, as well as assessing impacts on longer-term outcomes.
Thrombin Induces Specific Signaling Pathways Distinct From Simultaneous Stimulation With PAR1 and PAR4 Agonist Peptides In Human Platelets

Abstract Platelet activation by thrombin plays an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and PAR4 are G- protein coupled receptors expressed in human platelets and activated by the proteolytic cleavage of their N-terminus with thrombin. We have previously shown by Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) that thrombin induces the formation of PAR1-PAR4 heterodimers in HEK293 cells. In contrast, simultaneous stimulation with the PAR1 and PAR4 agonist peptides, TFLLRN and AYPGKF, respectively, does not induce the formation of heterodimers. Signaling events that are specific to PAR1-PAR4 heterodimers in platelets are not known. In the current study we compared signaling in human platelets activated with thrombin or a mixture of TFLLRN and AYPGKF agonist peptides by examining the phosphoproteome using mass spectrometry. A global analysis of proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine, serine, or threonine residues was performed using nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Human platelets were pretreated with tirofiban, a GPIIb/IIIa integrin inhibitor, in order to block the outside in signaling and limit the analysis to the initial signaling events prior to integrin activation. Platelets were then activated with 3 nM thrombin or both TFLLRN (50 μM) and AYPGKF (500 μM) for 3 min and compared to unstimulated platelets. The results showed the expected signaling pathways activated in both thrombin-stimulated and agonist peptide-stimulated platelets. Importantly we identified 51 proteins that were specifically phosphorylated in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Next we wanted to know if the specific phosphorylation sites identified play a role in the function of these proteins. We identified a single phosphorylation residue on Ser552 of β-catenin, a signaling component of the Wnt pathway, after stimulation with thrombin but not with TFLLRN+ AYPGKF. This phosphorylation is important for the stabilization of β-catenin. We also identified that Disabled-2 (Dab2) and protein kinase C beta (PKC-β) are phosphorylated after stimulation with TFLLRN+ AYPGKF, but not thrombin. Dab2 is a cargo-specific adaptor protein involved in endocytosis and cell signaling. The phosphorylation on Ser401 regulates function and localization of Dab2 whereas the phosphorylation on Thr500 and Thr642 regulates PKC-β function. Taken together, we have identified specific signaling pathways initiated by thrombin stimulation, since thrombin induces the formation of PAR1-PAR4 heterodimers, the signaling events identified in our study may be specific to PAR1-PAR4 heterodimers. In conclusion, the understanding of the molecular arrangement of PAR1 and PAR4 in platelets will provide insight for the development of specific antiplatelet therapies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hypotonic-stimulated taurine efflux in skate erythrocytes: regulation by tyrosine phosphatase activity

Treatment of skate erythrocytes with FCCP, dinitrophenol, or sodium azide lowers ATP levels and inhibits Na+-independent taurine uptake after hypotonic volume expansion. Inside-out vesicles isolated from hypotonic volume-expanded cells demonstrate greater Na+-independent taurine uptake, and pretreatment of cells with FCCP abolishes this stimulation. Addition of ATP to the vesicles does not restore stimulated taurine uptake, suggesting that ATP does not act as a ligand modulator on the transporter. Therefore the role of protein phosphorylation was investigated. Because known protein kinase inhibitors have previously been found to have little effect on taurine fluxes in skate erythrocytes, we focused on the effects of protein phosphatase inhibition. When volume-expanded cells were returned to isotonic medium, taurine flux returned to basal values more slowly after treatment with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate, suggesting that dephosphorylation may regulate inactivation. A similar effect of phosphatase inhibitors was observed in the inside-out vesicles from volume-expanded cells: the reversal of stimulated taurine uptake takes place more slowly in vesicles prepared from cells that had been incubated with pervanadate. Band 3, a major protein involved in the taurine transport pathway, shows increased tyrosine phosphorylation after hypotonic volume expansion. Pervanadate treatment of the cells potentiates and prolongs the increased phosphorylation. Therefore tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 may play an important role in the activation of taurine fluxes after volume expansion.
Impact of Multi-flow Transponder on Equipment Requirements in IP over Elastic Optical Networks

We evaluate the elastic optical network performance from the network to node equipment level using a multi-layer network design scheme. Results show that the multi-flow transponder-based network model reduces equipment requirements such as router IFs and transponders compared to mixed-line-rate and bandwidth-variable models.
OCCURRENCE OF NATURAL ANTIBACTERIAL ANTIBODY IN HUMAN PAROTID FLUID.

SummaryThe use of the highly sensitive bactericidal assay has allowed the detection of natural antibody in human parotid fluid to Salmonella typhosa and Shigella dysenteriae. This antibody activity parallels closely the bactericidal activity found in serum. Bactericidal activity in parotid fluid was localized by sucrose density gradient in fractions within the sedimentation range of 7–11S. Other antibody-like activities in parotid fluid were demonstrated by evaluating its protective effect on dextran-enhanced Salmonella infection in mice and phagocytic-promoting ability as measured by the clearance of C14-labeled bacteria. The nature and possible role of such antibody in parotid fluid is discussed.
Synthesis, structure, photophysics, and a DFT study of phosphorescent C*N∧N- and C∧N∧N-coordinated platinum complexes.

The reaction of N,N-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridin-6-amine (L1) and N,N-diphenyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-amine (L2) with K2PtCl4 produced C*N∧N-coordinated cycloplatinated compounds with a five–six fused metallacycle 1a and 2a, respectively, which were then converted into their phenylacetylide derivatives 1b and 2b, respectively. Similar reactions starting from 2-phenyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (L3) produced C∧N∧N-coordinated platinum complexes 3a and 3b with a five–five-fused metallacycle. The structures of 1a, 1b, 2b, 3a, and 3b were determined by X-ray crystallography. The C*N∧N-coordinated platinum complexes are closer to a square geometry, whereas the C∧N∧N-coordinated complexes display a nearly perfect planar geometry. The π···π interactions were revealed in the crystal packing for 1a, 2b, and 3a with a π···π contact of 3.450, 3.422, and 3.414 A, respectively. Two conformers were revealed in the crystal structure of 2b, one with the phenyl ring of the phenylacetylide being approximately parallel wi...
Room-Temperature Diffusion of Mn in CdTe and the Formation of Cd1-xMnxTe

Deposition of Mn at room temperature onto atomically clean CdTe(110) surfaces yields atomic interdiffusion for metal coverages <3 angstroms with Mn atoms occupying cation sites within the surface and near-surface layers of the semiconductor. Synchrotron radiation photoemission studies with variable photoelectron escape depth indicate the formation of a relatively homogeneous semiconductor surface alloy. The highest Mn concentration observed in the alloy exceeds those obtainable with bulk crystal growth methods.
Newer Oral Anticoagulants: Stroke Prevention and Pitfalls

Warfarin is very effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, its use is limited due to fear of hemorrhagic complications, unpredictable anticoagulant effects related to multiple drug interactions and dietary restrictions, a narrow therapeutic window, frequent difficulty maintaining the anticoagulant effect within a narrow therapeutic window, and the need for inconvenient monitoring. Several newer oral anticoagulants have been approved for primary and secondary prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. These agents have several advantages relative to warfarin therapy. As a group, these direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), which include the direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, and the factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), are more effective than dose adjusted warfarin for prevention of all-cause stroke (including both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke), and have an overall more favorable safety profile. Nevertheless, an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (with the exception of apixaban), increased risk for thrombotic complication with sudden discontinuation, and inability to accurately assess and reverse anticoagulant effect require consideration prior to therapy initiation, and pose a challenge for decision making in acute stroke therapy.
Hemodynamic effects of Rauwolfia alkaloid (reserpine) in human pregnancy; results of intravenous administration.

Summary and Conclusions 1. The hemodynamic effects of intravenously administered reserpine were studied in 2 normotensive nonpregnant subjects, 8 normotensive pregnant patients, and 20 patients with hypertemsive toxemia of pregnancy. 2. The optimal effective dose of reserpine was found to vary from 5 to 10 mg. 3. The maximum hypotensive effect usually oceurred within one to two hours after administration of the drug. The duration of effect was variable. lasting longer with toxemic patients. and covering a period of from three to twenty-four hours. 4. The major factor assoeiated with the lowering of blood pressure was observed to be a marked decrease in total peripheral resistance. 5. The peripheral blood flow in hoth upper and lower extrmnities was significantly inereased after reserpine administration. 6. Reserpine failed to block the vasopressor reaction to cold, and did not affect the Valsalva “overshoot.” Postural hypotension did not occur with administration of reserpine. 7. The hemodynamic properties of reserpine indicate that it may serve as an adjunct in the management of hypertensive toxemia of pregnancy.
Longitudinal changes in smoking abstinence symptoms and alternative reinforcers predict long-term smoking cessation outcomes.

Abstract Background Transdermal nicotine, with behavioral counseling, is among the most popular approaches used to quit smoking. Yet, 6-month cessation rates rarely exceed 20–25%. Identifying factors associated with cessation success may help researchers and clinicians develop enhanced interventions that can improve quit rates. This study examined longitudinal changes in withdrawal, craving, depression and anxiety symptoms, and alternative reinforcers, from a baseline assessment to a 6-month outcome, as predictors of 6-month smoking cessation outcomes following 8 weeks of nicotine patch treatment and counseling. Methods A sample of 180 smokers, who completed an effectiveness trial that provided counseling and 8 weeks of 21 mg nicotine patches, was analyzed. Generalized estimating equations evaluated changes in withdrawal and craving, depression and anxiety symptoms, and alternative reinforcers over time, between participants who were smoking at 6-months and participants who were abstinent (confirmed with carbon monoxide) at 6-months. Multiple logistic regression assessed changes in these variables as predictors of relapse. Results Controlling for covariates associated with cessation (i.e., nicotine dependence, patch adherence, and rate of nicotine metabolism), participants who were abstinent at 6 months showed significantly lower craving and withdrawal and significantly higher substitute reinforcers from baseline to 6 months, vs. those who were smoking at 6 months ( p p Conclusions These results support continued efforts to strengthen interventions that reduce withdrawal and craving and the development of interventions to address alternative reinforcers in order to promote long-term smoking abstinence following nicotine patch treatment.
Heroes of resiliency and reciprocity: teachers’ supporting role for reconceptualizing superhero play in early childhood settings

AbstractSuperhero play is a specialised form of fantasy play with considerable appeal to young children. During superhero play, children have opportunities to pretend and often to play different types of roles within a safe and caring environment. When guided appropriately in an early childhood classroom, superhero play gives young children opportunities to gain a sense of mastery and empowerment as well as developmentally appropriate benefits by improving language skills, problem-solving and cooperation with peers. By recognising and modelling the characteristics of resiliency and promoting kindness with peers during superhero play, teachers can encourage children to be kind and resilient heroes to classroom friends. As today’s classrooms increasingly include diverse members, it is important for young children to understand and appreciate the peers they play and learn with at school. The result may be a richer learning experience and may break down barriers that can produce unfairness, bullying and aggre...
Comparative properties of three pteridine reductases.

Naturally occurring pteridines in eukaryotic systems usually contain 2-amino, 4-hydroxy 6-alkyl substituents composed of either a methylene-p-aminobenzoylglutamate (or polutamate) or a dihydroxypropyl group. The former class are known collectively as the folates and occur widely as reduced and 5-alkylated derivatives, in which form they participate in important metabolic one-carbon transfers (Blakley, 1984). The latter, known as biopterin,, also occurs in reduced forms and is an important cofactor in aromatic amino acid hydroxylations en route to the catecholamines (Shiman, 1985; Kaufman and Kaufman, 1985; n and Lovenberg, 1985) and in the nitrite synthase pathway (Marletta,, 1993). Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) and pteridine reductase (PTR1), best characterised from Leishmania, are three enzymes that initiate the reduction of a pteridine in association with a reduced dinucleotide cofactor. Their comparative reaction pathways are illustrated in Figure 1.
Symplectic Modules and von Neumann Regular Matrices over Commutative Rings

A criterion is given for the existence of a symplectic structure on a finitely generated projective module P over a commutative ring R. If P⨁Q = R n , P admits a symplectic structure iff Q = ker(A) for some von Neumann regular alternating matrix A ∈ M n (R). Every n-generated symplectic space over R arises in this way. In supplement to this, it is also shown that a matrix A ∈ M n (R) is von Neumann regular iff each of its determinantal ideals is generated by an idempotent in R.
Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis and Muscle Atrophy

Obesity and osteoporosis are two alarming health disorders prominent among middle and old age populations, and the numbers of those affected by these two disorders are increasing. It is estimated that more than 600 million adults are obese and over 200 million people have osteoporosis worldwide. Interestingly, both of these abnormalities share some common features including a genetic predisposition, and a common origin: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Obesity is characterized by the expression of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), growth hormone (GH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), angiotensin II (Ang II), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), Advance glycation end products (AGE), and myostatin, which exert their effects by modulating the signaling pathways within bone and muscle. Chemical messengers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, AGE, leptins) that are upregulated or downregulated as a result of obesity have been shown to act as negative regulators of osteoblasts, osteocytes and muscles, as well as positive regulators of osteoclasts. These additive effects of obesity ultimately increase the risk for osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. The aim of this review is to identify the potential cellular mechanisms through which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis, muscle atrophy and bone fractures.
Effects of surface laser treatments on microstructure, tension, and fatigue behavior of AISI 316LVM biomedical wires

Abstract Recent developments in minimally invasive surgical techniques have led to a surge in advancing alternative manufacturing routes. In order to meet the functional needs of such small devices as cardiovascular stents, and guide wires, the use of new materials and delicate geometries has increased creating a new challenge for manufacturing and machining. In this work, two sets of laser parameters leading to different laser power output were employed to study the effects of systematic changes in microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AISI 316LVM biomedical grade wires. Uniaxial tension and cyclic strain-controlled fatigue with the use of flex bending machines were used in order to evaluate the mechanical properties. Surface quality, heat affected zone (HAZ), and subsequent mechanical response were also investigated. Improvements in the fatigue behavior of laser-treated wires were obtained but depended on the choice of laser parameters. Low power Nd:YAG laser-treated AISI 316LVM annealed wires exhibited better fatigue performance in both high cycle fatigue and low cycle fatigue compared to the annealed AISI 316LVM wires. In contrast, high power Nd:YAG laser-treated annealed wires exhibited poorer fatigue performance in both high cycle and low cycle fatigue. Nd:YAG laser-treated AISI 316LVM hard wires exhibited poorer fatigue performance in both high cycle fatigue and low cycle fatigue compared to the AISI 316LVM hard wires. The effects of laser processing conditions on the microstructural features responsible for these changes in fatigue behavior are discussed.
The Consequences of Injustice

Although the closing of the camps officially ended the internment, the repercussions of the incarceration extended far beyond that date. Individuals, families, and whole communities felt the economic, social, and psychological ramifications for years to come.
Aquaculture and the Postproductive Transition on the Maine Coast

Aquaculture is the global food system's fastest growing sector. The postproductive transition—the shift away from commodity production toward more consumption-oriented land uses—is common in many coastal areas as well. This paper examines the intersection of these trends in a U.S. state, Maine, with expanding aquaculture and extensive coastal, rural economic and demographic change. It examines interactions between coastal landowners and aquaculture farmers at aquaculture lease hearings in the state's three main aquaculture regions. Landowners are often uncertain about aquaculture because it is new and unfamiliar. Farmers use lease hearings to educate coastal landowners about farm operations, and farmers respond to concerns by altering their operations to fit landowners’ priorities. However, comparative analysis of the three regions reveals divergent histories and geographies leading to different levels of conflict. This study shows the value of applying rural postproductive transition theory to coastal regions and aquaculture development.
Visualizing Mammalian Brain Area Interactions by Dual-axisTwo-photon Calcium Imaging

Collective dynamics across distal mammalian brain regions are generally inaccessible to investigation. Here we introduce a two-photon microscope possessing two articulated arms that can simultaneously image any pair of brain areas using microendoscopes. Article not available.
Energy flow analysis and the study of Manihot esculenta Crantz

ABSTRACT This paper makes use of energy flow language. It discusses how this energetics approach can be useful in research having to do with the inter­actions between man and the environment Ali life processes have energy as their common denomi­nator. The paper shows how this methodological approach aids in field preparation, organizes research while in the field and helps in the analysis of data. A discussion of manioc as an essential plant for man in the tropics is presented, and the myths surrounding the plant are indicated and recent research finds put in context The potential of manioc as a food of the future is presented and suggestions are made for an energetics approach to the plant in situ. The plant's potential needs to be studied in the context of the real world in which tropical man utilizes it. Energetic models are presented as guides to the study of the plant as a system producing food. THE ENERGY FLOW APPROACH A study of the relations between man and the environment is a study of systems. The system of nature 1s a 3ystem of energy ilows in which certain natural compartments capture the dispersed solar energy and utilize this energy for self-maintenance and growth. Likewise, man's Culture is a system. lt is a premise of cultural ecologists (
More than a Phase: Form and Features of a General Theory of Negotiation

Organizational scholars have systematically studied the negotiation process to guide the development of general descriptive and prescriptive theory. Descriptive research conducted by scholars from anthropology, law, and international relations converge on the features required for a general theory. This includes a multiphase process comprising planning, bargaining, and implementation, as well as multiparty process between actors organized within a multilevel structure. We examine to what extent negotiation scholars in management have incorporated such complexities into their empirical work. In a survey of empirical studies, we observe concentrated efforts to model and measure dyadic interactions in just one phase—bargaining—and the near exclusive use of experimental methods. By contrast, we survey prescriptive theory generated by specialized experts from various negotiation contexts and find that they place greater focus on the preparation and implementation phases. From this review, we recommend that scholars (a) theorize and measure negotiation as a multiphase process with possibilities for recursion, (b) incorporate a multiparty and multilevel structure in which actors beyond negotiating parties can influence the process, and (c) consider agreements as action commitments separate from actually realizing outcomes. In doing so, we discuss the value of integrating analogous work to furnish negotiation theory. We also provide recommendations for novel empirical approaches that move beyond experimental designs of multi-issue bargaining.
Chemical and Physical Studies of Polynuclear Mo-Fe-S and Mononuclear Mo(III) Complexes

Molybdenum is an essential component of a number of enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation-reduction reactions.1 Of partic ular interest to us are the reductive enzymes, nitrogenase and nitrate reductase. The reactions catalyzed by both of these enzymes can be viewed as involving a coupled transfer of pairs of protons and reducing equivalents to substrate.2
Psychological consequences of the Dad Bod: Using biological and physical changes to increase essentialist perceptions of fathers

Abstract Psychological essentialism occurs when a category is seen as real, meaningful, and having a basis in an invisible underlying essence. Prior research has demonstrated that mothers are seen in more essentialist terms than fathers (Park, Banchefsky, & Reynolds, 2015). Across two studies using an online survey method (Study 1 N = 408; Study 2 N = 756), we found that this difference could be attenuated by providing participants with information about invisible biological (e.g., increased oxytocin levels; Study 1) or visible physical (developing a “Dad Bod”; Study 2) changes that fathers experience. These manipulations increased essentialist perceptions of fathers, while leaving those of mothers unchanged. The results indicate that exposure to information about physical and biological changes undergone by fathers can have important consequences in terms of how fathers are perceived as a social category.
New electrode materials and devices for thermoelectrochemical studies and applications

Summary Heated electrodes have been introduced a few decades ago to perform thermoelectrochemical investigations in a very flexible manner. This review considers unusual materials and devices that have been introduced recently to create new heated and also actively cooled electrodes: carbon paste with ionic liquids as binder, carbon nanotubes, iridium, Hg films, Bi films, Bi–Au alloys, gold nanostructures, and indium-doped tin oxide. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) based on thermocouple tips, as well as SECM of heated electrode arrays, and hot-tip-SECM have been proposed to study surfaces. Thermo-responsive layers allow for rapid switching of heated electrode surfaces. Recent years have seen a broad variety of thermoelectrochemical studies enabled by actively heated and cooled electrodes based on new materials. Very quick temperature changes and very high energy efficiency are two very distinct advantages of directly heated electrodes over both isothermal electrochemical cells and indirectly heated electrodes that suffer from high heat capacity.
The Implications of a Pacing Guide on the Development of Students Ability to Prove in Geometry

This study examined the influence of a departmental decision to use the same pacing guide on the planning and enactment of proof tasks of the district-adopted textbook (Prentice Hall Geometry). Quantitative data were collected from a textbook analysis and the tasks students were assigned, and the qualitative data were collected from classroom observations, teachers’ artifacts and interviews. The results indicate that teachers adhere to their departmental pacing guide by assigning the same tasks, however, there existed variation in the enacted lessons. Additionally, the results suggest the proof tasks assigned in the pacing guide generally required little cognitive rigor. This study has implication on the development of students’ proof skills.
Group Yoga Effects on Cancer Patient and Caregiver Symptom Distress: Assessment of Self-reported Symptoms at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Background. Complementary and integrative health approaches such as yoga provide support for psychosocial health. We explored the effects of group-based yoga classes offered through an integrative ...
A considerable fraction of soil-respired CO2 is not emitted directly to the atmosphere

Soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil) is commonly considered equal to soil CO2 production (Rsoil), and both terms are used interchangeably. However, a non-negligible fraction of Rsoil can be consumed in the subsurface due to a host of disparate, yet simultaneous processes. The ratio between CO2 efflux/O2 influx, known as the apparent respiratory quotient (ARQ), enables new insights into CO2 losses from Rsoil not previously captured by Fsoil. We present the first study using continuous ARQ estimates to evaluate annual CO2 losses of carbon produced from Rsoil. We found that up to 1/3 of Rsoil was emitted directly to the atmosphere, whereas 2/3 of Rsoil was removed by subsurface processes. These subsurface losses are attributable to dissolution in water, biological activities and chemical reactions. Having better estimates of Rsoil is key to understanding the true influence of ecosystem production on Rsoil, as well as the role of soil CO2 production in other connected processes within the critical zone.
Finite thermostats in classical and quantum nonequilibrium

Models for studying systems in stationary states but out of equilibrium have often empirical nature and very often break the fundamental time reversal symmetry. Here, a formal interpretation will be discussed of the widespread idea that, in any event, the particular friction model choice should not matter physically. The proposal is, quite generally, that for the same physical system a time reversible model should be possible. Examples about the Navier–Stokes equations are given.
Bronchoscope-associated clusters of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

ObjectiveRecovery of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae from a cluster of patients in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) prompted an epidemiologic investigation for a common exposure.MethodsClinical and microbiologic data from MICU patients were retrospectively reviewed, MICU bronchoscopes underwent culturing and borescopy, and bronchoscope reprocessing procedures were reviewed. Bronchoscope and clinical MDR isolates epidemiologically linked to the cluster underwent molecular typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) followed by whole-genome sequencing.ResultsOf the 33 case patients, 23 (70%) were exposed to a common bronchoscope (B1). Both MDR P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia were recovered from the bronchoscope’s lumen, and borescopy revealed a luminal defect. Molecular testing demonstrated genetic relatedness among case patient and B1 isolates, providing strong evidence for horizontal bacterial transmission. MDR organism (MDRO) recovery in 19 patients was ultimately linked to B1 exposure, and 10 of 19 patients were classified as belonging to an MDRO pseudo-outbreak.ConclusionsSurveillance of bronchoscope-derived clinical culture data was important for early detection of this outbreak, and whole-genome sequencing was important for the confirmation of findings. Visualization of bronchoscope lumens to confirm integrity should be a critical component of device reprocessing.
Viewing-as explanations and ontic dependence

According to a widespread view in metaphysics and philosophy of science (the “Dependence Thesis”), all explanations involve relations of ontic dependence between the items appearing in the explanandum and the items appearing in the explanans. I argue that a family of mathematical cases, which I call “viewing-as explanations”, are incompatible with the Dependence Thesis. These cases, I claim, feature genuine explanations that aren’t supported by ontic dependence relations. Hence the thesis isn’t true in general. The first part of the paper defends this claim and discusses its significance. The second part of the paper considers whether viewing-as explanations occur in the empirical sciences, focusing on the case of so-called fictional models (such as Bohr’s model of the atom). It’s sometimes suggested that fictional models can be explanatory even though they fail to represent actual worldly dependence relations. Whether or not such models explain, I suggest, depends on whether we think scientific explanations necessarily give information relevant to intervention and control. Finally, I argue that counterfactual approaches to explanation also have trouble accommodating viewing-as cases.
A Modular Geodesy System for Subsea and Tsunami Monitoring Technical Note

Tsunamis are waves that are caused by a displacement of a huge body of water that may be devastating for anybody close to shore. Tsunamis may be caused by (among others) earth quakes and submarine landslides and have resulted in the loss of life in several incidents. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicenter off the west coast of Sumatra and caused a devastating tsunami that resulted in the death of 230,000-280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 metres high. [U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 16 June 2016].
Basal infusion versus intermittent boluses for perineural catheters: should we take the ‘continuous’ out of ‘continuous peripheral nerve blocks’?

In providing postoperative analgesia, a perineural catheter may be percutaneously inserted adjacent to a peripheral nerve, which then provides a conduit for subsequent local anesthetic administration.[1][1] Although frequently described as a ‘ continuous peripheral nerve block’ or ‘perineural
Effects of Interventions with Manipulatives on Immediate Learning, Maintenance, and Transfer in Children with Mathematics Learning Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Manipulatives are concrete or virtual objects (e.g., blocks and chips) often used in elementary grades to illustrate abstract mathematical concepts. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of interventions delivered with manipulatives on the learning of children with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD). The outcomes observed in the sample (N = 38) were learning, maintenance, and transfer in a variety of mathematical domains. Interventions using manipulatives were reported to be effective for a range of learning objectives (e.g., conceptual understanding and computational fluency), but several methodological weaknesses were observed. Analyses also highlighted considerable heterogeneity in the studies reviewed in terms of participant characteristics, intervention approaches, and methodology. We discuss overall effects of interventions with manipulatives in the MLD population, the methodological quality across the sample, and implications for practice.
Nishikawa Prize article: Electron lenses, Tevatron, and selected topics in accelerators

This article is an extended version of the talk is given at the IPAC19 (Melbourne, Australia, May 2019) on the occasion of acceptance of the ACFA/IPAC19 Nishikawa Tetsuji Prize for a recent, significant, original contribution to the accelerator field, with no age limit with citation ``\dots{}for original work on electron lenses in synchrotron colliders, outstanding contribution to the construction and operation of high-energy, high-luminosity hadron colliders and for tireless leadership in the accelerator community.''
More confusion about deliberate practice: commentary on Miller et al. (2018)

Twenty-five years ago, Ericsson, Krampe, and Tesch-Romer (1993) introduced the concept of deliberate practice (DP), arguing “individual differences in ultimate performance can largely be accounted ...
Effect of ICD implantation on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: A systematic review and meta‐anaylsis

Introduction Cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a high rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Whether implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) use in such patients prevents SCD is uncertain. This study assesses outcomes of ICD use in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of data were performed after searching multiple databases and scientific sites pertaining to ICD use and cardiac amyloidosis. Of 8260 citations identified, six studies comprising 194 patients met inclusion criteria. Results Mean values and frequencies of patient characteristics were as follows: mean NT-proBNP: 6867.9 pg/mL, mean left ventricular ejection fraction: 48.1%, heart failure: 67%, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: 51%, syncope: 21%, and secondary prevention: 33%. During the mean follow-up period of 18.21 months, 18% of patients received appropriate ICD treatment and 5% received inappropriate ICD treatment. The mortality rate was 31%. Two studies assessed the difference between patients with appropriate ICD treatment and patients with absence of appropriate ICD treatment. There was no difference between the two groups when stratified on multiple selected third variables except for two subgroups. Male gender was associated with a higher rate of appropriate ICD treatment, whereas New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure patients was associated with a lower rate of appropriate ICD treatment. Conclusion The frequency of appropriate ICD treatment in cardiac amyloidosis is low and is not predicted by nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Male gender is associated with appropriate ICD treatment. New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure is associated with lower rate of appropriate ICD treatment.
aWCluster: A Novel integrative Network-based Clustering of Multiomics Breast Cancer Data

ABSTRACT The remarkable growth of multi-platform genomic profiles has led to the multiomics data integration challenge. In this study, we present a novel network-based integration method of multiomics data as well as a clustering technique founded on the Wasserstein (Earth Mover’s) distance from the theory of optimal mass transport. We applied our proposed method of aggregating multiomics and Wasserstein distance clustering (aWCluster) to invasive breast carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. The subtypes were characterized by the concordant effect of mRNA expression, DNA copy number alteration, and DNA methylation as well as the interaction network connectivity of the gene products. aWCluster successfully clusters the breast cancer TCGA data into classes with significantly different survival rates. A gene ontology enrichment analysis of significant genes in the low survival subgroup leads to the well-known phenomenon of tumor hypoxia and the transcription factor ETS1 whose expression is induced by hypoxia. In addition, immune subtype analysis in our clustering via aWCluster recovers the inflammatory immune subtype in a group demonstrating improved prognosis. Consequently, we believe aWCluster has the potential to discover novel subtypes and biomarkers by accentuating the genes that have concordant multiomics measurements in their interaction network, which are challenging to find without the network inference or with single omics analysis.
Virtual Teaching in the Time of COVID-19: Rethinking Our WEIRD Pedagogical Commitments to Teacher Education

Teacher Educators confront a professional future in which online instruction will play an increased role in student learning As instructional activities are delivered online, a critical challenge for teacher educators will be to continue supporting those ideals key to the missions of many Schools and Colleges of Education—the creation of an instructional environment that is culturally responsive, committed to equity and inclusion, and able to support a diverse and “well” student body © Copyright © 2020 Thomas
Evolution of microstructures in radiation fields using a coupled binary-collision Monte Carlo phase field approach

Abstract The simulation of radiation effects in materials broadly falls into two categories. In the limit of short time and length scales lies the modeling of primary radiation damage, such as point defect creation, energy deposition, and ballistic mixing. This is followed by the modeling at longer time scales of thermally activated microstructure evolution and defect reactions, such as recombination, clustering, and coarsening. The binary collision Monte Carlo method is an established, numerically efficient method for the computation of primary radiation damage. Conversely, the phase-field method is a state-of-the-art technique for modeling microstructure evolution on longer time and length scales. We present a concurrent coupling of these two methods, overcoming the difference between the discrete object Monte Carlo paradigm for primary radiation damage and the continuum field variable approach for microstructure evolution. The coupling is bidirectional, in which the microstructure evolution in the MOOSE finite-element framework provides the spatial scattering data set for the charged particle transport and receives point defect, mass transport, and heat source terms from the simulated collision cascades that contribute to the field variable evolution. The concurrent coupling scheme is implemented in the code Magpie and demonstrated by investigating patterning for an irradiated immiscible binary model alloy. The results from the coupled binary collision Monte Carlo/phase-field simulations reproduce the results of analytical models for phase separation, and phase mixing and patterning, supporting the approach and indicating its utility for modeling real-world materials systems.
Quasi-Dynamic Traffic Assignment using High Performance Computing.

Author(s): Chan, Cy P; Kuncheria, Anu; Zhao, Bingyu; Cabannes, Theophile; Keimer, Alexander; Wang, Bin; Bayen, Alexandre M; MacFarlane, Jane