cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic evidence that transcription activation by RhaS involves specific amino acid contacts with sigma 70.

RhaS activates transcription of the Escherichia coli rhaBAD and rhaT operons in response to l-rhamnose and is a member of the AraC/XylS family of transcription activators. We wished to determine whether ς70 might be an activation target for RhaS. We found that ς70 K593 and R599 appear to be important for RhaS activation at both rhaBAD and rhaT, but only at truncated promoters lacking the binding site for the second activator, CRP. To determine whether these positively charged ς70 residues might contact RhaS, we constructed alanine substitutions at negatively charged residues in the C-terminal domain of RhaS. Substitutions at four RhaS residues, E181A, D182A, D186A, and D241A, were defective at both truncated promoters. Finally, we assayed combinations of the RhaS and ς70 substitutions and found that RhaS D241 and ς70 R599 met the criteria for interacting residues at both promoters. Molecular modeling suggests that ς70 R599 is located in very close proximity to RhaS D241; hence, this work provides the first evidence for a specific residue within an AraC/XylS family protein that may contact ς70. More than 50% of AraC/XylS family members have Asp or Glu at the position of RhaS D241, suggesting that this interaction with ς70 may be conserved.
Enteral Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers in Adult Critical Care Patients

Prevention and healing of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients can be especially challenging because of the patients' burden of illness and degree of physiological compromise. Providing adequate nutrition may help halt the development or worsening of pressure ulcers. Optimization of nutrition can be considered an essential ingredient in prevention and healing of pressure ulcers. Understanding malnutrition in critical care patients, the effect of nutrition on wound healing, and the application of evidence-based nutritional guidelines are important aspects for patients at high risk for pressure ulcers. Appropriate screenings for nutritional status and risk for pressure ulcers, early collaboration with a registered dietician, and administration of appropriate feeding formulations and micronutrient and macronutrient supplementation to promote wound healing are practical solutions to improve the nutritional status of critical care patients. Use of nutritional management and enteral feeding protocols may provide vital elements to augment nutrition and ultimately result in improved clinical outcomes.
Genetics of Mammalian Reproduction: Modeling the End of the Germline

Our understanding of reproduction and early embryonic development has directly enabled our manipulation of the mouse genome for tests of gene function in vivo. In this review, we reflect on the 30 years of work that followed this singular accomplishment. We profile murine models that have given us memorable insights into fundamental processes of male and female gametogenesis and the earliest phases of embryonic life reliant on oocyte-transmitted maternal gene products. We highlight intercellular endocrine and paracrine communications essential to gamete development as well as mechanisms essential for passing the genome, with integrity and appropriate epigenetic marks, on to the next generation. Finally, we reflect on the future of reproductive biology: how advances in clinical genetics will provide special opportunities to understand which reproductive processes are affected by genetic lesions and which may allow mutations to originate.
Using the Semantic-Syntactic Interface for Reliable Arabic Modality Annotation

We introduce a novel modality scheme where triggers are words and phrases that convey modality meanings and subcategorize for clauses and verbal phrases. This semanticsyntactic working definition of modality enables us to design practical and replicable annotation guidelines and procedures that alleviate some shortcomings of current purely semantic modality annotation schemes and yield high inter-annotator agreement rates. We use this scheme to annotate a tweet-based Arabic corpus for modality information. This novel language resource, being the first, initiates NLP research on Arabic modality.
Prophylaxis and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: is there evidence for using probiotics?

A 66-year-old woman with a history of liver cirrhosis and alcohol abuse presented with hematemesis and black tarry stools secondary to a variceal bleed. The patient was started on ceftriaxone for prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and subsequently developed Clostridium difficile negative antibioticassociated diarrhea (AAD). Are probiotics an appropriate adjunct to therapeutic regimens for AAD and could prophylactic use of probiotics have prevented this complication?
Preventing Exploits in Microsoft Office Documents Through Content Randomization

Malware laden documents are a common exploit vector, often used as attachments to phishing emails. Current approaches seek to detect the malicious attributes of documents through signature matching, dynamic analysis, or machine learning. We take a different approach: we perform transformations on documents that render exploits inoperable while maintaining the visual interpretation of the document intact. Our exploit mitigation techniques are similar in effect to address space layout randomization and data randomization, but we implement them through permutations to the document file layout. We randomize the data block order of Microsoft OLE files in a manner similar to the inverse of a filesystem defragmention tool. This relocates malicious payloads in both the original document file and in the memory of the reader program. Through dynamic analysis, we demonstrate that our approach indeed subdues in the wild exploits in both Office 2003 and Office 2007 documents while the transformed documents continue to render benign content properly. We also show that randomizing the compression used in zip based OOXML files mitigates some attacks. The strength of these mechanisms lie in the number of content representation permutations, and the method applies where raw document content is used in attacks. Content randomization methods can be performed offline and require only a single document scan while the user-perceived delay when opening the transformed document is negligible.
Regularity forn-harmonic maps

Here we obtain everywhere regularity of weak solutions of some nonlinear elliptic systems with borderline growth, includingn-harmonic maps between manifolds or map with constant volumes. Other results in this paper include regularity up to the boundary and a removability theorem for isolated singularities.
Cytology of Spore Germination in the Bispored form of Psalliota Campestris

(1936). Cytology of Spore Germination in the Bispored form of Psalliota Campestris. Mycologia: Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 431-432.
The Power of Words: With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility

Words serve as the key tool for management researchers. However, it is easy for scholars not only to advance the field, but also to harm the field with their words, intentionally or not. In this pa...
Our Language: (Re)Imagining Communities in Ukrainian Language Classrooms.

ABSTRACTDrawing upon video recordings from two fifth-grade Ukrainian classrooms and interviews with children four years later, this paper examines these classrooms as sites for socializing learners into an imagined community of Ukrainian speakers, the extent to which children took up identities as members of this community, and the potential effect of this identification on willingness to learn and use Ukrainian. Microanalysis of classroom interaction illustrates how teachers drew upon prevailing discourses of language and nation in ways that both presupposed and sought to create children’s membership in an imagined national community whose core practices included affiliation with Ukrainian as “our language.” However, interview data reveal that while children readily aligned with this imagined community and voiced its language ideologies, they positioned themselves as peripheral members or alternatively reimagined an alternative, multilingual Ukrainian community.
THE EFFECT OF NON-DARCY FLOW ON DEVELOPMENT OF WEN BA GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIR

Non-Darcy flow is often called turbulent flow, and it may occur in high gas flow areas near the wellbore. Gas condensate reservoir differs from oil reservoir or gas reservoir in that a series of phase behavior will occur in a condensate reservoir as pressure decreases during development. With pressure dropping down quickly around the well, condensation of oil takes place, leading to the plugging of pores. To better evaluate the influence of non-Darcy flow in the Wen Ba reservoir, degrees of turbulent effect on the development performance were analyzed, and development plans based on simulative calculations using different turbulent factors were compared. The results show that the effect of non-darcy flow to development is remarkable in Wen Ba.
Variable selection via additive conditional independence

Summary We propose a non-parametric variable selection method which does not rely on any regression model or predictor distribution. The method is based on a new statistical relationship, called additive conditional independence, that has been introduced recently for graphical models. Unlike most existing variable selection methods, which target the mean of the response, the method proposed targets a set of attributes of the response, such as its mean, variance or entire distribution. In addition, the additive nature of this approach offers non-parametric flexibility without employing multi-dimensional kernels. As a result it retains high accuracy for high dimensional predictors. We establish estimation consistency, convergence rate and variable selection consistency of the method proposed. Through simulation comparisons we demonstrate that the method proposed performs better than existing methods when the predictor affects several attributes of the response, and it performs competently in the classical setting where the predictors affect the mean only. We apply the new method to a data set concerning how gene expression levels affect the weight of mice.
Structural biology: Catalytic spliceosome captured

Spliceosome complexes remove non-coding sequences from RNA transcripts in two steps. A structure of a spliceosome after the first step reveals active-site interactions and evolutionary constraints on these non-coding regions. See Article p.197 The excision of introns from RNA is not a concerted process, but is rather an ordered one involving two transesterification reactions by the spliceosome. In the first step, the 5′-splice site is cleaved and the intron end is joined to make a lariat structure. Kiyoshi Nagai and colleagues have captured the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosome stalled immediately after this first transesterification (branching) reaction by cryo-electron microscopy single-particle reconstruction at an overall resolution of 3.8 A. The configuration of the RNA within the complex suggests that remodelling occurs before the second step, exon ligation.
Sheltering for Safety in Community Women With Divorce Histories.

This cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of formal and informal sheltering (i.e., staying in an agency shelter, or with friends/family, respectively) and evaluated associations with abuse severity. Community women (N = 197) with divorce histories reported on lifetime intimate partner abuse, including sheltering for safety. Prevalence of informal sheltering (43%) exceeded that of formal sheltering (11%). Rates/levels of coercive control, severe violence, injury, and police involvement were comparable for women who sheltered formally or informally, and exceeded those of women who never sheltered. Sheltering histories can be identified in community samples of women with divorce histories. Informal sheltering is prevalent, and comparable to formal sheltering in terms of correlations with abuse severity.
Conflicted Mission: Faith, Disputes and Deception on the Dakota Frontier

Review of: Conflicted Mission: Faith, Disputes and Deception on the Dakota Frontier, by Linda M. Clemmons.
Polarimetrie interference-alignment beamforming

We introduce the concept of Polarimetrie interference-alignment (PIA) beamforming for multiuser MIMO channels. By using vector antennas, we harness the orthogonal polarization components of electromagnetic waves to provide a signal space for the interference-alignment technique proposed by Cadambe and Jafar. We show that such beamformer exists and provide preliminary comments regarding its operation and performance.
Wetland mapping and measurement of flood inundated area using ground-reflected GNSS signals in a bistatic radar system

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals can be used as a kind of bistatic radar, with receivers opportunistically recording ground-reflected signals transmitted by the GNSS satellites themselves. The ground-reflected signals are sensitive to changes in surface permittivity, which for L-band is primarily a function of the moisture content of the surface. Here, we investigate the ability of GNSS signals, as recorded by a GPS receiver flown on a satellite, to measure changes in wetland extent and flood inundated area. We find that the ground-reflected signals give similar results as flood-inundation maps derived from other sources. Reflected power increases of over 10 dB in the vicinity of wetlands indicates that these signals could successfully map changes in wetlands around the globe.
Primary non-transecting bulbar urethroplasty long-term success rates are similar to transecting urethroplasty.

To review the long-term outcomes of transecting versus non-transecting urethroplasty to repair bulbar urethral strictures. A retrospective review was conducted of 342 patients who underwent anterior urethroplasty performed by a single surgeon from 2003 to 2014. Patients were excluded from further analysis if there had been prior urethroplasty, stricture location outside the bulbous urethra, or age <18 years. In the transecting group, surgical techniques used included excision and primary anastomosis and augmented anastomotic urethroplasty. In the non-transecting group, surgical techniques used included non-transecting anastomotic urethroplasty and dorsal and/or ventral buccal grafting. The primary endpoint was stricture resolution in transecting vs. non-transecting bulbar urethroplasty. Success was defined as freedom from secondary procedures including dilation, urethrotomy, or repeat urethroplasty. One hundred and fifty-two patients met inclusion criteria. At a mean follow-up of 65 months (range: 10–138 months), stricture-free recurrence in the transecting and non-transecting groups was similar, 83% (n = 85/102) and 82% (n = 41/50), respectively (p = 0.84). Surgical technique (p = 0.91), stricture length (p = 0.8), and etiology (p = 0.6) did not affect stricture recurrence rate on multivariate analysis. There was no difference detected in time to stricture recurrence (p = 0.21). In this retrospective series, transecting and non-transecting primary bulbar urethroplasty resulted in similar long-term stricture resolution rate. Prospective studies are needed to determine what differences may present in outcomes related to sexual function and long-term success.
Metabolism and Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis in Lung Disease.

There is increased awareness that patients with lung diseases develop muscle dysfunction. Muscle dysfunction is a major contributor to a decreased quality of life in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, muscle dysfunction exacerbates lung disease outcome, as a decrease in muscle mass and function are associated with increased morbidity, often long after critical illness or lung disease has been resolved. As we are learning more about the role of metabolism in health and disease, we are appreciating more the direct role of metabolism in skeletal muscle homeostasis. Altered metabolism is associated with numerous skeletal muscle pathologies and, conversely, skeletal muscle diseases are associated with significant changes in metabolic pathways. In this review, we highlight the role of metabolism in the regulation of skeletal muscle homeostasis. Understanding the metabolic pathways that underlie skeletal muscle wasting is of significant clinical interest for critically ill patients as well as...
Understanding evolution through algorithms

Why is evolution so successful? What is the role of sex (recombination)? Why is there so much diversity in populations? How do novel traits arise? Are mutations random? And is evolution optimizing something? This talk will review recent work by the speaker and collaborators aiming at understanding the many persistent mysteries of evolution through computational ideas.
Event-Triggered Control of Nonlinear Systems: A Small-Gain Approach

This chapter studies the event-triggered control problem for nonlinear systems with input-to-state stability (ISS) as the basic notion and the ISS small-gain theorem as a tool. The contribution of this book chapter is twofold. First, an ISS gain condition is proposed for event-triggered control of nonlinear uncertain systems. It is proved that infinitely fast sampling can be avoided with an appropriately designed event-triggering mechanism if the system is input-to-state stabilizable with measurement error as the external input and the resulted ISS gain is Lipschitz on compact sets. No assumption on the existence of known ISS-Lyapunov functions is made in the discussions. Moreover, the forward completeness problem with event-triggered control is studied systematically by ISS small-gain arguments. Self-triggered control designs for systems under external disturbance are also developed in the ISS-based framework. Second, this chapter introduces a new design method for input-to-state stabilization of nonlinear uncertain systems in the strict-feedback form. It is particularly shown that the ISS gain with the measurement error as the input can be designed to satisfy the proposed condition for event-triggered control.
K channel impairment determines sex and age differences in epinephrine‐mediated outcomes after brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of injury-related death in children, with boys and children under 4 years having particularly poor outcomes. Activation of ATP- and calcium-sensitive (KATP and KCa ) channels produces cerebrovasodilation and contributes to autoregulation, both of which are impaired after TBI, contributing to poor outcomes. Upregulation of the c-Jun-terminal kinase (JNK) isoform of mitogen-activated protein kinase produces K channel function impairment after CNS injury. Vasoactive agents can be used to normalize cerebral perfusion pressure. Epinephrine (EPI) prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation and hippocampal neuronal cell necrosis after TBI in female and male newborn and female juvenile but not male juvenile pigs via differential modulation of JNK. The present study used anesthetized pigs equipped with a closed cranial window to address the hypothesis that differential K channel impairment contributes to age and sex differences in EPI-mediated outcomes after brain injury. Results show that pial artery dilation in response to the KATP and KCa channel agonists cromakalim and NS 1619 was impaired after TBI and that such impairment was prevented by EPI in female and male newborn and female juvenile but not male juvenile pigs. Using vasodilation as an index of function, these data indicate that EPI protects cerebral autoregulation and limits histopathology after TBI through protection of K channel function via blockade of JNK in an age- and sex-dependent manner. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
O PAPEL DO EXERCÍCIO RESISTIDO NA MELHORA DA FORÇA DA PESSOA COM SÍNDROME DE DOWN

O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar na literatura os efeitos do exercicio e/ou atividade fisica (especialmente na modalidade de exercicio resistido) nas pessoas com Sindrome de Down (SD), apresentando resultados obtidos em pesquisa nacionais e internacionais. Inicialmente foram abordados aspectos conceituais sobre a Sindrome de Down. Em seguida, verificou-se como o exercicio e/ou atividade fisica vem sendo utilizado pelas pessoas com SD e quais sao seus beneficios e contribuicoes em relacao as caracteristicas/deficiencias dessa sindrome, como: hipotonia muscular, coordenacao motora, forca, resistencia muscular. Por fim, buscou-se informacoes sobre o exercicio resistido como uma alternativa de exercicio para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas com SD.
UPRmt regulation and output: a stress response mediated by mitochondrial-nuclear communication

The mitochondrial network is not only required for the production of energy, essential cofactors and amino acids, but also serves as a signaling hub for innate immune and apoptotic pathways. Multiple mechanisms have evolved to identify and combat mitochondrial dysfunction to maintain the health of the organism. One such pathway is the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is regulated by the mitochondrial import efficiency of the transcription factor ATFS-1 in C. elegans and potentially orthologous transcription factors in mammals (ATF4, ATF5, CHOP). Upon mitochondrial dysfunction, import of ATFS-1 into mitochondria is reduced, allowing it to be trafficked to the nucleus where it promotes the expression of genes that promote survival and recovery of the mitochondrial network. Here, we discuss recent findings underlying UPRmt signal transduction and how this adaptive transcriptional response may interact with other mitochondrial stress response pathways.
A simulation study demonstrating the importance of large-scale trailing vortices in wake steering

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the role of flow structures generated in wind farm control through yaw misalignment. A pair of counter-rotating vortices is shown to be important in deforming the shape of the wake and in explaining the asymmetry of wake steering in oppositely signed yaw angles. We also demonstrate that vortices generated by an upstream turbine that is performing wake steering can deflect wakes of downstream turbines, even if they are themselves aligned. We encourage the development of improvements to control-oriented engineering models of wind farm control, to include the effects of these large-scale flow structures. Such a new model would improve the predictability of control-oriented models. Further, we demonstrate that the vortex structures created in wake steering can lead to greater impact on power generation than currently modeled in control-oriented models. We propose that wind farm controllers can be made more effective if designed to take advantage of these effects.
Psychopathology Across Pregnancy and the Puerperium

One of the major purposes of our study was to evaluate the adjustment of childbearing women across pregnancy and the Puerperium as compared to the adjustment of a similar group of nonchildbearing women followed over a comparable period. In the next two chapters, the results of those comparisons will be described. In this chapter I will report on the personal and family history of psychopathology of childbearing and nonchildbearing subjects and the rates of diagnosed depression in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and the first 9 weeks postpartum. The levels of depressive symptomatology and other types of psychiatric symptomatology in subjects across pregnancy and the Puerperium will also be reported.
Collaborative Understanding of Distributed Ontologies in a Multiagent Framework: Experiments on Operational Issues

This chapter describes a set of experiments that uses a multiagent framework for collaborative understanding of distributed ontologies (CUDO). Our current focus is on the operational issues of such collaboration among the agents, with each agent managing an information database in a distributed information retrieval simulation. To facilitate collaborative understanding, each agent maintains an ontology and a translation table with other neighboring agents to map between each own concepts and the neighbors’. Based on an infrastructure prototype, our experiments have focused on how neighborhood profiling, the translation tables, and query experience impact the collaborative activities among the agents. The specific objectives of our analyses are to investigate (a) the recognition of useful neighbors for sharing queries, (b) the efficiency of query handling in different real-time scenarios and with different resource constraints (such as the number of threads and available translations), and (c) the effects of different concepts and query demands on collaborative understanding. Our results show that the different resource constraints influence the collaborative activities significantly and thus also impact how the agents learn of each others ontologies.
Public Warnings in Counterterrorism Operations: Managing the “Cry-Wolf” Effect When Facing a Strategic Adversary

Public warnings have the potential to mitigate the threat from terrorism: the public is alerted, and in response, the terrorist may defer his attack. Paradoxically, warnings can be a victim of thei...
Purpose-Driven Partnerships That Transform People and Places: Cal State LA’s Anchor Mission

California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA) has committed to becoming Los Angeles’ premier educational anchor institution, forging meaningful partnerships that contribute to the overall well-being of the region. Cal State LA ranks number one in the nation for the upward mobility of its students (Chetty, Friedman, Saez, Turner, & Yagan, 2017). The Democracy Collaborative (TDC) developed the Anchor Dashboard Learning Cohort to create a critical mass of colleges and universities committed to addressing economic, educational, and health disparities through engaged anchor mission strategies (Sladek, 2017). TDC identified five Thematic Anchor Dashboard Success Indicators as elements for establishing an engaged anchor mission mindset and structure. The Cal State LA example illustrates the importance of the themes and offers support for establishing field-wide best practices based on the principles outlined by TDC (Dubb, McKinley, & Howard, 2013; Sladek, 2017). The university’s experience suggests that successful implementation of its engaged anchor mission strategy will benefit from a comprehensive approach. The course and manner of its strategy consists of the five TDC indicators: (1) leadership support at the university’s highest level; (2) incorporation of the anchor mission into the institution’s strategic plan, and university-wide identity or brand-building initiatives; (3) establishment of anchor mission committees and structures to coordinate work; (4) promotion and advancement of place-based cohesive narratives and expectations to embed an institutional anchor mission culture and build trust; and (5) development and support for anchor mission coordinating and support catalysts to manage anchor projects. These require two additional elements, added to the list: (6) implementing data collection protocols, including the measurement of local community student success after graduation using Mobility Report Cards (Chetty et al., 2017); and (7) continuous and faithful relationship building with external partners. Urban and metropolitan public comprehensive universities, such as Cal State LA and many of CUMU’s member institutions have gained the experience and resources to serve and help transform struggling communities. CUMU and TDC’s Higher Education Anchor Mission Initiative collaboration can provide a coordinated structure for supporting institutions that have committed to an anchor mission strategy and for developing best practices and guidance to those considering an anchor mission.
Determination of the Rate-Limiting Step in Fatty Acid Transport

The generally accepted model of free fatty acid (FA) transport through cellular membranes occurs in three steps, adsorption of the FA onto the membrane, translocation across the membrane (“flip-flo...
Fine-Tuning of Mach–Zehnder Phase Using Low-Resolution Digital-to-Analog Converters

We present a novel approach for achieving fine phase-tuning control of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based photonic switch. We demonstrate the concept in a fabricated silicon photonic switch containing dual thermo-optic phase tuners driven from identical monolithically integrated low-resolution digital-to-analog converters. The delivered resolution gains and additional power overheads of the demonstrated approach are assessed through experimental measurements. Using the approach, we show a resolution improvement of more than a factor of seven with only a 1.7% increase in power dissipation.
Nu Support Vector Machine in Prediction of Fluid Intelligence Using MRI Data

In response to the ABCD Neurocognitive Prediction Challenge (ABCD-NP-Challenge 2019), we developed machine learning algorithms to predict the fluid intelligence (FI) score using T1-weighed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. 122 volumetric scores of regions of interest from 3739 samples provided in the training set were used to train the models and 415 samples were assigned as validation samples. We performed feature reduction using principal factors factor analysis on the training set volume. 36 factors explaining 100% of the total variance were extracted; the top 18 explained 80% of the variance. We estimated three types of models based on: (1) all regional brain volumes, (2) the 18 top factors or (3) the 36 complete factors. We used Scikit-Learn’s grid search method to search the hyperparameter spaces of eight different machine learning algorithms. The best model, a Nu support vector regression model (NuSVR) using 36 factor scores as features, yielded the highest validation score (R2 = 0.048) and a relatively low training score (0.22), the latter of which was important for reducing the degree of over-fitting. The mean squared errors (MSEs) for the training and validation samples were 68.2 and 68.6, respectively; the correlation coefficients were 0.54 and 0.21 (p < 0.0001 for both). The final MSE for the test set was 95.63. Learning curve analysis suggests that the current training sample size is still too small; increasing sample size should improve predictive accuracy. Overall, our results suggest that, given a large enough sample, machine learning methods with structural MRI data may be able to accurately estimate fluid intelligence.
Does public housing reduce housing cost burden among low-income families with children?

About half of all renter households and over three-quarters of very low-income households in the United States experience a housing cost burden, with higher rates among families with children. Publ...
Revisiting Public Mall Vicinity As Basis for Traffic Comprehensive Program

Traffic congestion has been considered as one of the society’s major problem. The metropolitan places like Ozamiz City is not an exemption of such problem. The researchers aimed to know the present condition of traffic in public mall vicinity, the common traffic problems that further delayed the transport operations, to draft a proposed comprehensive traffic program that will help lessen congestion. The researchers used both quantitative and qualitative research instrument specifically triangulate method where the researchers conducted interview, distributed research-made questionnaire and documentation in a form of video and pictures in conducting this study. The analysis showed that minimal parking areas, inadequacy of loading and unloading stations, narrow barangay roads, poor discipline of drivers, lack of traffic education, existence of slow moving trisikad and the proliferating number of vehicles causes vehicular saturation along the roads in the public mall. The traffic congestion in the Public mall vicinity is a major problem and there is a need for a solution in a form of comprehensive program like These were known as Traffic Course Plan (Traf-COP), Continuous Learning Program (CLP) and Motorcab and trisikad Comprehensive Program (MSCP). The strict implementation and enforcement of these programs are necessary in promoting a smooth vehicular inflow along the roads of the public mall.
Gold Nanomaterial-Enabled Optical Neural Stimulation

Gold nanomaterials, including cylindrical nanorods, spherical nanoparticles, nanostars, and nanoshells, transduce light to heat due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Once targeted to neurons, they can, therefore, serve as nano-antennae receiving light and generating heat, and the local temperature rise can modulate neural activities by activating temperature-sensitive ion channels and/or altering plasma membrane’s capacitance. Due to their high photothermal transduction efficiency, genetic modification on neurons is usually unnecessary to enable an adequate cellular response. Additionally, gold nanomaterials can be surface modified and specifically targeted to neurons, improving the spatial resolution. Furthermore, their LSPR wavelength can also be tailored to be within the biological window, and the nanomaterials can be made to an injectable form, together significantly lowering the invasiveness. These features plus their excellent biocompatibility make gold nanomaterial-enabled optical stimulation a valuable alternative to conventional electrical stimulation, direct optical stimulation, and optogenetics. In this chapter, the development of gold nanomaterial-enabled optical neural stimulation is introduced with special emphasis on the critical design factors and challenges.
Deep Fungal Diseases

Deep mycotic infections are uncommon in cats. However, in endemic regions, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, and histoplasmosis occur regularly in immunocompetent cats. Cryptococcosis and sporotrichosis are more prevalent in cats than in dogs, and histoplasmosis is as prevalent or possibly slightly more prevalent in cats than in dogs. Blastomycosis and coccidioidomycosis are rare in cats, even in highly endemic areas. Sino-nasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis are also infrequent worldwide but interestingly, brachycephalic cats appear to be predisposed. Lastly, infections with saprophytic opportunistic fungi usually result from an accidental cutaneous inoculation in otherwise immune-competent cats and cause localized signs. Occasionally, however, disseminated infections can occur. Cats with systemic mycosis frequently have cutaneous manifestations. Reported cutaneous signs include multifocal ulcerated or nonulcerated cutaneous masses, subcutaneous masses, and draining abscesses, among others. The cutaneous signs are frequently associated with systemic signs of illness and/or other organ involvement, which should raise suspicion for fungal infection. The present chapter focus on the epidemiology, clinical signs, including cutaneous signs, diagnostic tests, and treatment of clinically important systemic fungal infections in cats. In addition, it reviews the antifungal drugs currently available for the treatment of these infections.
OpenPharma Blockchain on FHIR: An Interoperable Solution for Read-Only Health Records Exchange through Blockchain and Biometrics

The healthcare system in the United States is unique. From payor to provider, patients have the freedom of choice. This creates a complicated and profitable paradigm of care. Legislation defines government expectations of data exchange; however, the methods are left to the discretion of the stakeholders. Today, devices and programs are not built to unified standards, thus they do not share data easily. This communication between software is known as interoperability. We address the health data interoperability by leveraging Fast Health Interoperable Resource (FHIR) standard, a viewer of FHIR called OpenPharma, and Blockchain technology. Our proof of concept, called “OpenPharma Blockchain on FHIR” (OBF), is interoperable by design and grants clinicians access to patient records using a combination of data standards, distributed applications, patient-driven identity management, and the Ethereum blockchain. OBF is a trustless, secure, decentralized, and vendor-independent method for information exchange. It is easy to implement and places the control of records with the patients.
A residential absorption chiller for high ambient temperatures

Abstract A standalone, compact, thermally driven ammonia-water absorption chiller designed to deliver a cooling capacity of 10.5 kW at ambient temperatures greater than 40 °C is presented. Heat and mass exchangers with novel microscale features and geometries are employed to minimize the physical size of the system. A diabatic distillation column based desorber and a shell-and-tube absorber with microscale features are used. Thermodynamic cycle modeling and heat and mass exchanger design methodologies are discussed. The performance of the packaged unit chiller is demonstrated experimentally over a wide range of operating conditions. The system delivered 10.6 kW of cooling at a COP of 0.63 at design conditions in a compact 0.7 m x 0.9 m x 1.0 m envelope. This work validates the scalability of microchannel heat exchanger technology from a proof-of-concept laboratory scale device to a residential-scale absorption heat pump.
Experimental Modeling of Eosinophil-Associated Diseases.

Eosinophils are an important subtype of leukocytes derived from bone marrow multipotent hematopoietic stem cells and represent about 1% of leukocytes in circulating blood. In homeostatic conditions, eosinophils reside in the intestine to maintain the balance of immune responses by communicating with gut microbes without causing inflammation. However, under the stressed or diseased condition, eosinophils degranulate, releasing their granule-derived cytotoxic proteins that are involved in inflammatory responses. Various eosinophil-associated inflammatory diseases are eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), and eosinophilic colitis (EC), together called EGID, asthma, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and eosinophilic pneumonia (EP). Eosinophil degranulation results in the release of their four toxic proteins [major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)] which promote disease pathogenesis. Pancreatitis is the inflammatory disease of the pancreas that arises due to blockage of the pancreatic duct, trypsinogen mutation, alcohol consumption, and repeated occurrence of pancreatitis leading to chronic pancreatitis (CP); subsequently some CP patients may also develop pancreatic cancer. The presence of eosinophils is now shown in various case reports with acute, recurrent acute, and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer indicating the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of various pancreatic inflammatory disorders. However, the details of eosinophil accumulation during pancreatic diseases are not well explored and need further attention. Overall, the chapter provides the current understanding of reported eosinophils associated with inflammatory diseases like EGID diseases, asthma, and pancreatic disorders, i.e., acute, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. This knowledge will be helpful for future studies to develop novel treatment options for the eosinophils associated diseases. Therefore, more efforts are needed to perform preclinical and clinical studies in this field for the successful development of eosinophil-targeting treatments for a variety of eosinophil-associated diseases.
The benefit of using p-a-SiOxCy:H as double window layers in hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells: Correlation of simulation and experiment

Abstract By using AMPS-1D simulation program, we have simulated and compared two experimental p-i-n devices. One with p-type window and buffer layers based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (p-a-SiOx:H) and the other with two p-a-SiOxCy:H layers based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxycarbide. The numerical results showed that, an incorporation of the p-a-SiOxCy:H layer instead of the p-a-SiOx:H layer, as window layer reduces the value of holes front contact barrier height (φh) and as buffer layer leads to a smaller values of conduction band (ΔEC) and valence band (ΔEV) offsets. In one hand, the ΔEV low value minimizes the recombination of photogenerated holes at the i/p interface. In the other hand, low value of holes front contact barrier height (φh) obtained with using p-a-SiOxCy:H layer, facilitates to a large amount of photogenerated holes to reach the interface of the front contact. It is also obtained that, the integration of p-a-SiOxCy:H double window layer i improves the short circuit-current density (JSC) which is causes by a good spectral response in the short wavelength. Consequently, an enhancement in the efficiency of the p-i-n single junction device was obtained and we could achieve the value of 10.7 %. This result makes the oxycarbide p-a-SiOxCy:H films which have wider band gap, lower absorption coefficient and good conductive properties more suitable for using as window and buffer layer in a-Si:H based solar cells.
Virtual coordinator and site training and reorganization of a multisite consortium upon grant renewal: Challenges of the NeuroNEXT network

The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly forced changes in how to conduct multicenter clinical research. Gone were the days of face-to-face meetings and working together in person. Virtual teams became the norm rather than exception. The Network for Excellence in Neuroscience Clinical Trials (NeuroNEXT: NN) was created with a vision to conduct studies in neurological diseases through partnership with academia, private foundations and industry. 1 A fundamental aspect of the establishment and maintenance of this network was and is the NeuroNEXT virtual coordinator network. We found ourselves well-prepared for methods required of the pandemic because of our prior experience.
Trace Elements and Primary Production: Problems, Effects and Solutions

The measurement of primary production in the ocean is basic to biological oceanographic processes. Factors which control primary production are varied, but include micronutrients (i.e., N and P) in sufficient supply, as well as many nanonutrients such as Cu, Mn and Zn. High levels of many of these trace constituents are toxic. Recent studies have shown that ambient concentrations of a number of nanonutrients in sea water are lower by an order of magnitude than previously believed. These findings present the potential for serious problems in terms of primary production measurements, since techniques used to measure production often employ various chemical reagents and sampling procedures that can contribute significantly to overall trace metal levels. We have been looking into various aspects of this problem, and will present our results concerning metal levels associated with accepted techniques used in primary production and many physiological studies that employ unialgal populations. We also present our results concerning the effects of Cu on primary production and total adenylate levels. Total adenylates have been used as a measure of the health of microbial populations using the concept of energy charge. Specifically, open-ocean phytoplankton were innoculated with Cu in the range of 0.012–5 µg Cu 1−1. Estimates of primary production derived using metal-free collection and processing techniques as well as ATP, ADP, AMP and energy charge were determined. Copper additions as low as 0.25 pg 1−1 (approximately 2 times ambient) reduced 14C uptake by 20%. Total adenylates were reduced 30% at a Cu concentration of 1 Pg 1−1. However, the energy charge remained essentially unchanged over the range of Cu additions. The implications of these results are discussed.
A quantum basis for the relativistic doppler effect for light

In the first of two derivations of the relativistic Doppler effect, obtained without directly applying the Lorentz transformations, the principle of relativity is used to introduce a probabilistic frequency-squared term and, thus, macroscopic uncertainty into the classical Doppler equations. In the second derivation, the classical Doppler effect for a moving mirror is broadened when introduction of Planck’s law for radiation from a light source includes high radiation frequencies and thus high electron velocities (V → c). These methods are suggested to more directly describe intrinsic probabilistic properties of electromagnetic radiation rather than measurement differences attributable to a moving frame of reference.
Study of joint routing and wireless charging strategies in sensor networks

In recent years, wireless charging (a.k.a. wireless energy transferring) [3] has been recognized as a promising alternative to address the energy constraint challenge in wireless sensor networks. Comparing to the conventional energy conservation or harvesting approaches, wireless charging can replenish energy in a more controllable manner and does not require accurate location of or physical alignment to sensor nodes. In spite of these advantages, there has been little research on how much potential performance improvement may be achieved by applying the wireless charging approach to sensor networks and how to fully leverage its potential. In this paper, as one of the first efforts to study these issues, we (1) formulate the problem of maximizing the sensor network lifetime via codetermining routing and charging (ML-JRC), (2) prove the NP-hardness nature of the problem and derive an upper bound of the maximum sensor network lifetime that is achievable with ML-JRC, and (3) present a set of heuristics to determine the wireless charging strategies under various routing schemes, and demonstrate their effectiveness via in-depth simulation.
Peer Leadership in a Rural School Setting.

This paper describes the training of a high school assistance team designed to guide younger students. The program, which was directed at students in grades 7 and 8, lasted for 1 year and involved students in community service and challenge activities. The setting was a small rural school in Vermont, with nearly 400 students in grades 7-12. Teachers had become concerned that the needs of all students were not being addressed at the school, arising in part from a lack of connectedness. It was suggested that high school students could serve as role models to the younger students and external funding was secured to initiate a training program for these student mentors. Following a careful selection process, 20 high school students, 4 teachers, and a guidance counselor met with trainers in two full days of training sessions. Some of the activities, which were intended to help the younger students, included field trips with peer leaders, challenge games, and a service project designed to assist the elderly. Results indicate that peer leaders experienced success in the leadership roles given them. The 30 at-risk students also improved, with improved attention, attendance, and grades. (RJM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Running head: SOCIAL GROWTH Peer Leadership in a Rural School Setting Roberta Devlin-Scherer Professor Department of Educational Studies Seton Hall University South Orange, NJ 07979 phone: 973-761-7457 email: devlinrb@shu.edu