cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The thermoregulatory threshold in humans during nitrous oxide-fentanyl anesthesia

Narcotics and nitrous oxide (N2O) inhibit thermoregulatory responses in animals. The extent to which N2O/fentanyl anesthesia lowers the thermoregulatory threshold in humans was tested by measuring peripheral cutaneous vasoconstriction using skin-surface temperature gradients (forearm temperature-fingertip temperature) and the laser Doppler perfusion index. Fifteen unpremedicated patients were anesthetized with N2O (70%) and fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg iv bolus followed by 4 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 infusion) during elective, donor nephrectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo additional warming (humidified respiratory gases, warmed intravenous fluids, and a heating blanket over the legs; n = 5) or standard temperature management (no special warming measures; n = 10). Significant vasoconstriction was prospectively defined as a skin-surface temperature gradient between forearm surface and finger-tip surface greater than or equal to 4 degrees C, and the thermoregulatory threshold was defined as the esophageal temperature at which such vasoconstriction occurred. Vasoconstriction did not occur in the patients who received additional warming and thus remained nearly normothermic [average minimum esophageal temperature = 35.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C (SD)] but did in six hypothermic patients at a mean esophageal temperature of 34.2 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Four hypothermic patients developed a passive thermal steady state without becoming sufficiently cold to trigger vasoconstriction. Thus, active thermoregulation occurs during N2O/fentanyl anesthesia but does not occur until core temperatures are approximately 2.5 degrees C lower than normal. The thermoregulatory threshold during N2O/fentanyl anesthesia is similar to that previously determined during halothane (34.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nanostructured Thermosets from Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Block Copolymer/Epoxy Resin Mixtures

Thermoset materials containing ordered structures with ∼10-nm dimensions were prepared from a mixture of a low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PEO−PEP) diblock copolymer and a poly(Bisphenol-A-co-epichlorohydrin) epoxy resin that selectively mixes with the PEO block. The phase behavior of PEO−PEP/epoxy blends, with compositions spanning 10−93 wt % block copolymer, was investigated in the uncured state (without hardener) using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Without hardener, the phase behavior of block copolymer/epoxy blends was similar to model block copolymer/homopolymer blends and varied with changes in the blend composition and temperature. The following morphologies were observed with increasing epoxy concentration: lamellar, cubic bicontinuous, hexagonally packed cylinders, body-centered cubic packed spheres, and disordered micelles. Methylene dianiline, an aromatic amine hardener, was added to the blends, and the real-tim...
The Changing Structure of the Bargaining Unit of Labor

Federation, Amalgamation, Industrial Union: in England, 610. — Belgium, 614. — Germany, 615. — Australia, 617. — Russia, 620. — France, 623. — United States, 624. — Conclusion, 628.
Most Fully Informed Patients Choose Septal Ablation Over Septal Myectomy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease characterized by primary hypertrophy of the left (and sometimes right) ventricle. The clinical manifestations of the disease are dyspnea, angina, and a continuum encompassing lightheadedness, presyncope, syncope, and sudden death. Although HCM often is caused by an identifiable mutation in a gene coding for a sarcomeric protein and inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern, many patients do not have any relatives in whom the disease is manifest. The prevalence of HCM is estimated to be 0.2%, with ≈600 000 Americans affected. Response by Maron p 216 Several anatomic variants of HCM exist. Of these, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is the variant that has been the subject of the most intense investigation. HOCM was previously termed idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and is characterized by 4 closely related pathoanatomic features (Figure 1).1 Obstruction to left ventricular (LV) outflow is caused by bulging of the thickened septum into the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) during systole, with apposition of the anterior (occasionally posterior) leaflet of the mitral valve, which demonstrates systolic anterior motion. Mitral regurgitation usually is present, although the degree varies greatly among patients with HOCM. LVOT gradients may be present at rest or only during Valsalva maneuver or exercise (provocable obstruction). A recent report suggests that if patients with provocable gradients are included, most patients with HCM have the obstructive form of the disease.2 Figure 1. Schematic depiction of 4 elements of the pathoanatomy of HOCM showing asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, an LVOT gradient, and mitral regurgitation (MR). LA indicates left atrium. Reprinted from Fifer.1 The management of HCM may be considered as consisting of 4 elements (Table 1).3 For patients at high risk of sudden death, implantation …
Pediatric medical devices: a look at significant US legislation to address unmet needs

There are many barriers to the availability of medical devices intended for the pediatric population causing healthcare providers to use creative measures to address pediatric unmet device needs. The USA has taken significant legislative measures to spur medical device development and address the unmet needs in all pediatric subpopulations. For example, the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002 amended the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act by adding new provisions intended to promote the development of safe and effective pediatric devices, and to protect the pediatric population during clinical trials. In 2004, the Medical Devices Technical Corrections Act was added to address potential difficulties in bringing pediatric devices to the market. Further, the Pediatric Medical Device Safety and Improvement Act of 2007 and the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 provided the FDA significant new responsibilities and authorities regarding pediatric use.
Regulation of valine and alpha-ketoisocaproate metabolism in rat kidney mitochondria

Activities of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) aminotransferase (BCAT) and alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) were assayed in mitochondria isolated from kidneys of rats. Rates of transamination of valine and oxidation of keto acids alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) or alpha-ketoisovalerate (KIV) were estimated using radioactive tracers of the appropriate substrate from amounts of 14C-labeled products formed (14CO2 or [1-14C]-keto acid). Because of the high mitochondrial BCAT activity, an amino acceptor for BCAT, alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) or KIC, was added to the assay medium when valine was the substrate. Rates of valine transamination and subsequent oxidation of the KIV formed were determined with 0.5 mM alpha-KG as the amino acceptor; these rates were 5- to 50-fold those without added alpha-KG. Rates of CO2 evolution from valine also increased when KIC (0.01-0.10 mM) was present; however, with KIC concentrations above 0.2 mM, rates of CO2 evolution from valine declined although rates of transamination continued to rise. When 0.05 mM KIC was added to the assay medium, oxidation of KIC was suppressed by inclusion of valine or glutamate in the medium. When valine was present KIC was not oxidized preferentially, presumably because it was also serving as an amino acceptor for BCAT. These results indicate that as the supply of amino acceptor, alpha-KG or KIC, is increased in mitochondria not only is the rate of valine transamination stimulated but also the rate of oxidation of the KIV formed from valine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Predicting Outcomes in Heart Transplantation: PET Project or Actionable Data

> I was not predicting the future; I was trying to prevent it . > > Ray Bradbury (1920–2012) For highly selected patients with end-stage heart failure, cardiac transplantation has offered a viable treatment option for more than 40 years.1 In the most recent report from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry,2 an estimated 6300 transplants were performed worldwide in 2012, a number that seems to be slowly increasing, particularly in North America. For patients transplanted in the past decade, expected median survival is ≈11 years. Despite this optimism, long-term survival has changed little during the past 2 decades with 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of 84%, 72%, and 52%, respectively. Survival rates are slightly higher in the United States at 88% and 75% at 1 and 5 years, respectively.3 The major limitation to long-term survival is the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). CAV is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory process that leads to marked intimal proliferation, epicardial and branch coronary artery stenoses, and diffuse distal vessel tapering.4 Vasomotor function of both large and small coronary arteries, as well as the microvasculature, is also adversely affected. CAV is common, with incidence rates by screening coronary angiography of 10% to 20% at 1 year and 30% to 50% at 5 years post transplant.5 Article see p 930 Because of cardiac denervation, angina is uncommon in heart transplant patients, and the clinical presentation of CAV is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes to severe heart failure or sudden cardiac death.6 Therefore, early diagnosis is considered key to management. Initial clinical studies sought to define risk factors for the development of CAV, with both recipient and donor characteristics being identified (Table 1). In addition, the frequency and the severity of acute cellular …
A Novel Role of the Mad Family Member Mad3 in Cerebellar Granule Neuron Precursor Proliferation

During development, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) regulates the proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors (GNPs) in part via expression of Nmyc. We present evidence supporting a novel role for the Mad family member Mad3 in the Shh pathway to regulate Nmyc expression and GNP proliferation. Mad3 mRNA is transiently expressed in GNPs during proliferation. Cultured GNPs express Mad3 in response to Shh stimulation in a cyclopamine-dependent manner. Mad3 is necessary for Shh-dependent GNP proliferation as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and Nmyc expression. Furthermore, Mad3 overexpression, but not that of other Mad proteins, is sufficient to induce GNP proliferation in the absence of Shh. Structure-function analysis revealed that Max dimerization and recruitment of the mSin3 corepressor are required for Mad3-mediated GNP proliferation. Surprisingly, basic-domain-dependent DNA binding of Mad3 is not required, suggesting that Mad3 interacts with other DNA binding proteins to repress transcription. Interestingly, cerebellar tumors and pretumor cells derived from patched heterozygous mice express high levels of Mad3 compared with adjacent normal cerebellar tissue. Our studies support a novel role for Mad3 in cerebellar GNP proliferation and possibly tumorigenesis, and they challenge the current paradigm that Mad3 should antagonize Nmyc by competition for direct DNA binding via Max dimerization.
Phenylephrine in the prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Abstract Study Objective: Phenylephrine and ephedrine were compared in the prevention of maternal hypotension following spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Design: Randomized, double-blind trial. Setting: Obstetric suite at a university-affiliated hospital. Patients: Sixty healthy patients electively scheduled for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either ephedrine (n = 29) in 10 mg intravenous (IV) bolus injections or phenylephrine (n = 31) in 80 μg IV bolus injections to maintain systolic blood pressure (SBP) above 100 mmHg. Measurements and Main Results: Maternal venous, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein blood gases were measured, and neonatal Apgar scores and Early Neonatal Neurobehavior Scale scores were assessed. In the ephedrine group, umbilical artery pH was 7.28 ± 0.01 (mean ± SEM), umbilical artery partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ) was 56.6 ± 1.4 mmHg, and umbilical artery base deficit was 2.2 ± 0.04 meq. In the phenylephrine group, umbilical artery pH was 7.32 ± 0.01, umbilical artery PCO 2 was 52.1 ± 1.3 torr, and umbilical artery base deficit was 0.38 ± 0.35 meq. There were significant differences between the groups in mean umbilical artery pH, PCO 2 and base deficit, although all values obtained were within normal limits. There were no significant differences between the groups in the remaining acid-base values, neonatal Apgar scores, Early Neonatal Neurobehavior Scale scores, or frequency of maternal nausea and vomiting. Conclusions: Phenylephrine is as effective as ephedrine in the treatment of maternal hypotension, and when used in small incremental bolus injections, it appears to have no adverse neonatal effects in healthy, nonlaboring parturients.
Effectiveness, ammonium impact and potassium adequacy of soybean-base liquid fertilizer on bedding plants.

A greenhouse study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a soybean-base liquid fertilizer [Daniels Plant Food; 10 nitrogen (N):1.8 phosphorus (P): 2.5 potassium (K)] to two inorganic, greenhouse-type formulations containing 25 and 75% of nitrogen in the ammoniacal form on four bedding plant species (pansy, petunia, salvia, and vinca). Flowering was unaffected, foliage was deeper green, and substrate electrical conductivity was lower when fertilized with the soybean-base fertilizer. Plants were desirably more compact (lighter with less leaf area) when fertilized with the soybean-base and 75% ammoniacal fertilizer. While ammonium toxicity did not develop in any treatments at the standard lime rate, it occurred at low lime in all species with 75% ammoniacal and only lightly in pansy with soybean-base fertilizer, in spite of its 81% reduced nitrogen. Soybean fertilizer caused less acidification than 75% ammoniacal fertilizer. The potassium content of the soybean-base fertilizer was adequate to meet the requirements of the four species tested.
Integrating Information Literacy into an Online Undergraduate Nursing Informatics Course: The Librarian's Role in the Design and Teaching of the Course

Integration of information literacy as a core component into a new online undergraduate nursing course proved to be a learning experience in course design and teaching. This article describes the framework for the course design that combined cultural competency, informatics, and information literacy and was grounded in informatics competencies for nurses at the beginning level, an informatics textbook, and the Neurnan Systems Model. The librarian's role in this process and the information literacy unit's content and written assignment are detailed, and challenges in the collaboration are also addressed.
Phase 2 enzyme inducer sulphoraphane blocks matrix metalloproteinase production in articular chondrocytes

respectively. Results. SPN significantly induced NQO1 activity in chondrocytes and the induction was maximal at 24 h. SPN inhibited the production of MMP-1, -3 and -13 protein and mRNA induced by either IL-1 or TNF-� in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition of MMP by SPN was accompanied by the inhibition of NF-�B and JNK activation. Conclusions. SPN was found to inhibit MMP production in pro-inflammatory cytokine-stimulated chondrocytes. Delineation of the biochemical mechanism regulating cartilage catabolism by SPN may identify safe and effective therapeutic targets for the inhibition of cartilage
Tigrito: a multi-mode interactive improvisational agent

This paper presents the implementation of Tigrito, an affective computer character. We outline how Tigrito can be used to study chidren’s sense of engagement and relationship with virtual toys in different modes of interaction.
College Students' Credit Card Debt and the Role of Parental Involvement: Implications for Public Policy

Abstract Federal legislation has been proposed that would require parents/guardians to act as co-obligors on college students’ credit card applications. This study supports the assumptions underlying the proposed legislation, suggesting that students whose parents are involved in their acquisition of credit cards have significantly lower credit card balances than do students with no parental involvement.
Electrical characterization of a novel coaxial die-to-die interconnect

This paper presents the electrical modeling and characterization of a new chip-to-chip interconnect scheme consisting of miniature coaxial cables. A Micro-Electrical-Mechanical System (MEMS) etching process is used to create trenches along the perimeter of a Silicon substrate to form interface features for the miniature coaxial cables. The coaxial cables use this transition trench to make contact to coplanar transmission lines implemented on-chip. This technique yields a fully impedance matched system for use in high speed signal propagation between dies. This approach promises to deliver higher signaling performance over the traditional wire bond or flip-chip bumping techniques by reducing or eliminating sources of electrical noise such as reflections, cross-talk, and simultaneous switching noise. This paper presents the electrical characterization of prototypes which were fabricated using this interconnect system. Adjacently placed dies are measured when using the new coaxial interconnect approach and compared to measurements of the same system when using wire-bonding. Finite Element Analysis is used to de-embed the system response to yield a comparison of the two interconnect structures (coaxial vs. wire bond).
Backbone dynamics, fast folding, and secondary structure formation in helical proteins and peptides

We discuss the construction of a simple, off-lattice model protein with a comparatively detailed representation of the protein backbone, and use it to address some general aspects of the folding kinetics of a small helical protein and two peptide fragments. The model makes use of an associative memory hamiltonian to smoothly interpolate between the limits of a native contact only, or Gō, potential and a statistical pair potential derived from a database of known structures. We have observed qualitatively different behavior in these two limits. In the Gō limit, we see apparently barrier-less folding. As we increase the roughness of the model energy landscape, we can observe the emergence of the characteristic activated temperature dependence previously seen in lattice studies and analytical theories. We are also able to study the dependence of the folding kinetics on local interactions such as hydrogen bonds, and we discuss the implications of these results for the formation of secondary structure at intermediate stages of the folding reaction. Proteins 1999;34:281–294. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF TRAFFIC FLOW FOR DESIGNING TOLL PLAZA CONFIGURATION: A CASE STUDY USING SIMULATION WITH ESTIMATED TRAFFIC VOLUME

Computer simulation is one of the popular approaches to the design of toll plazas. Toll plaza configurations such as toll collection methods, number of toll booths, and types of vehicles have been studied in the literature. Traffic flow types can be another influential factor when designing toll plazas, especially in case that traffic flow information is not available, but only the estimate of traffic volumes. Few studies have reported the effect of traffic types on toll plaza performances. In this article, a discrete-event simulation method is used to analyze the sensitivity of toll plaza performance for different types of traffic flow. Two traffic patterns, deterministic and probabilistic traffic flow, is considered. This study is based on a proposed project for building a toll bridge in the eastern North Carolina. The estimated future traffic counts for the toll bridge are used to study the difference between the two traffic patterns.
Evaluation of Service Oriented Architecture-based federated architectures

This paper discusses the specifications, methods, and constructs to implement end-to-end Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)-based systems engineering across a federation of information domains. It addresses the necessity and benefits of a repeatable service design framework and its ability to consistently yield quantifiable results for SOA performance evaluation. An illustrative example of the approach is presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 56–72, 2011 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human Serum Banks: A Valuable Resource—Maybe

In this issue of the Proceedings (pages 1226 to 1234), an interesting article written by DiMagno and colleagues deals with the effect of long-term frozen storage on the stability of several com­ monly monitored constituents in serum. This study, which corrects for the analytic variation of the measurements themselves, demonstrates that electrolytes, glucose, enzymes, and two tumor markers are stable when frozen for as long as 10 years, as well as being stable during cycles of thawing and refreezing. Scientists such as myself, who have professional responsibili­ ties in clinical laboratories, have an interest in such data because the use of serum specimens and pools is of practical and real importance to the operation of our laboratory services. Quality control and validation of assay performance are necessary aspects of routine laboratory opera­ tion. In fact, a substantial portion of laboratory effort and cost can be attributed to maintaining good quality-control programs. Laboratorians often use lyophilized serum specimens (real and artificial) as a source of materials for quality-control purposes. These serum pools, which most often are ordered from commercial vendors, are a valuable source of reference material but do have potential draw­ backs. First, the volumes of serum contained in reconstituted vials are often large enough that the vials become outdated before complete use. Second, commercial materials often have stabi­ lizers and plasticizers as a component of the product, which may result in interference in some clinical assays. For example, in our labo­ ratory, my colleagues and I have observed inter
Cyber-warfare seen through a mariner's spyglass

The Internet is now an essential tool in the everyday conduct of commercial life. The ability of terrorists to conduct cyber-warfare is largely unknown, but the potential for the disruption of life worries many policymakers. In searching for precedent to anticipate the potential impact of a cyber-war, it is important to identify modes of conflict that are useful both against asymmetrically matched opponents and against conflict that strikes at the economy. An effective model for looking at cyber-warfare is that of maritime "guerre de course" or commerce warfare. Moreover, the maritime metaphor provides a useful dialog within which to examine possible future trends in cyber-warfare even beyond the impact of technological innovation, sociological and historical developments, and particular tactics
Genetically Modified Foods

An overview of, and response to, ethical objections to the genetic ­engineering of foods, crops, and animals.
Understanding Plural Forms: The Case of Reps and House Accounts

"Plural" distribution systems are often found in industrial markets. Although transaction cost analysis has been successfully applied to understanding decisions about distribution systems, these plural forms have been virtually ignored in extant empirical work. Critics suggest that extant transaction cost models are inadequate to study these systems. We contend that transaction cost reasoning can be readily applied to understanding these systems, and undertake an analysis of a common plural form, namely, the simultaneous use of an independent rep system with a company operated "house account" system. Familiar transaction cost problems like lock-in (the safeguarding problem), and difficulties in evaluating an independent rep's performance (the behavioral uncertainty problem) are posited to lead firms to deploying house accounts to augment an independent rep system. Using data from a survey of independent agents, we provide preliminary evidence for these predictions. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.
An In-Line Station for Volume Calibration of Raschig-Ring-Filled Storage Tanks for Fissile Solution

A station was installed at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Safety Laboratory to volume-calibrate their storage tank farm housing 560 kg of enriched (93.2 percent $sup 235$U) uranium solution. The calibration (relating contained solution volume to height) of tanks used to store or process fissile materials is often complicated by the large surface area presented by thousands of borosilicate glass rings used for criticality prevention. Yet, an accurate and reliable measurement of this relation is important to good material accountability and possibly to nuclear safety. The latter purpose can be served by detecting accumulations of insoluble precipitates or the formation of critically unsafe voids in the bed of rings. With this station, calibrations are easily accomplished with an accuracy better than 1 liter at any point within a 500-liter tank. Additional benefits include increased safety through reduced potential for contamination release, improved efficiency since one operator replaces the previously required two, and the complete elimination of both solid and liquid contaminated waste generation. (auth)
Bar none: moulding a broader curriculum for accounting

The AICPA cites the need for a 'complete education' as one of its rationales for the institution of the 150-hour rule. The liberal arts college provides a broadly educated student with critical thinking skills, making it a natural fit for such a 'complete education'. Unfortunately, there is often resistance to incorporating accounting courses into the curriculum at a liberal arts college. We offer an interdisciplinary course that unites the natural sciences with accounting concepts. While the overall goal of this particular course is for students to experiment with materials in producing soap, they are also expected to demonstrate basic skills in accounting in order to produce their soap profitably. Since students are making real world commodities, this approach provides them with a vivid picture of the manufacturing process and broadens the educational experience.
Host Resistance in Liver Disease — Its Evaluation and Therapeutic Modification

We have attempted to review some of the factors involved in host resistance and the variations in the individual responses to the infectious and noxious agents to which we are increasingly exposed. Few treatment modalities are available to favorably influence host resistance, but clearly, this approach to the treatment of liver disease represents an opportunity for the future.
Cortisol dysregulation is associated with daily diary-reported hot flashes among midlife women.

OBJECTIVE Hot flashes are reported by 70-80% of women during the menopause transition. It has been proposed that cortisol dysregulation is involved in hot flashes, but the relationship between cortisol and hot flashes has received little empirical attention. This study examined the relationship between cortisol and daily self-reported hot flashes. DESIGN For 7 days, participants used electronic diaries to report their hot flash frequency, severity and bothersomeness, along with mood and health behaviours, multiple times each day. Participants also provided hair samples for cortisol assays at baseline and morning and bedtime saliva samples for salivary cortisol collection over 3 days during the observation period. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the relationships between cortisol and hot flashes. PARTICIPANTS Forty-four women (41% African American, 39% non-Hispanic White) who reported daily hot flashes were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS Salivary cortisol, hair cortisol and the frequency, severity and bothersomeness of daily diary-reported hot flashes were measured in this study. RESULTS Controlling for health and demographic variables, higher hair cortisol was associated with a higher frequency of hot flashes (β = 0·05, P = 0·01). A flatter diurnal cortisol slope was associated with greater hot flash severity (β = 0·09, P = 0·03) and bother (β = 0·10, P = 0·01). Hair cortisol was no longer significant after adjusting for depression or disturbed sleep; all other associations persisted. CONCLUSION Cortisol dysregulation was related to more frequent, severe and bothersome daily self-reported hot flashes. These findings support a potential role of the HPA axis in the aetiology and phenomenology of these common menopause symptoms.
PROTEIN, ESTERASE, AND PEROXIDASE PATTERNS IN THE PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA COMPLEX FROM CACAO

SUMMARY Buffer-soluble, nonspecific protein and enzyme patterns from polyacrylamide-disc-gel electrophoresis were compared for three morphological forms (MF) and one "other type" of Phytophthora palmivora from cacao (Theobroma cacao) and for the type cultures of P. capsici and P. cinnamomi. Comparison of the total protein patterns indicated that each MF produced consistent major bands distinctly different from those of other MFs. Clear differences between MFs were also obtained in esterase patterns, but there were fewer differences in their peroxidase patterns. Protein and enzyme patterns from the type cultures of P. capsici and P. cinnamomi were strikingly different from each other and from those of most of the cacao isolates; some similarities were noted between MF4 and P. capsici. These results and other morphological studies indicate that the three MFs of P. palmivora are sufficiently different to be cla-ssified as three distinct species.
Hemolysis in eclampsia

There are several reasons suggesting that a hemolytic agent of placental origin may be of essential importance in eclampsia. The occurrence of methemoglobinuria, the possible relation of the hepatic thromboses to hemolyzed red cells, the resemblance between the eclamptic lesions and those produced by the injection of eclamptic serum or of immune hemolytic serum in rabbits, the possible origin of the eclamptic toxin from the placenta which normally possesses a hemolytic ferment, the marked hypertrophy and desquamation of the syncytium at term and during labor, and the relief of the symptoms in many cases as soon as the placenta is removed, all tend to indicate a hemolytic agent derived from the placenta as a factor in the disease.In order to obtain some information regarding this subject I examined the placenta in fifteen cases of eclampsia, and the circulating blood and the viscera of several fatal cases for evidence of hemolysis. If any marked degree of hemolysis had occurred during life one would expect...
The genus Mesolaelaps (Laelapidae: Mesolaelapinae, n. subfam.) with descriptions of two new species from New Guinea.

The females of Mesolaelaps accessoria , n. sp. and M. expansa , n. sp. and the deutonymph of M. accessoria are described. Both species are from New Guinea and each has been taken from a marsupial (or its nest) and a rodent. The historical background, characteristics, and apparent relationships of Mesolaelaps are discussed. A new subfamily, Mesolaelapinae, is established for the genus. A key is given for the identification of females of 9 species of Mesolaelaps .
Application Research of Simulation Drilling System of Combination Station Base on VR Technology

The superiority that apply virtual reality technology to simulation drilling system of combination station is introduced.Idiographic application of some key technologies,such as three-dimensional modeling technology,instance technology,texture mapping technology,LOD technology,collision detection technology,data-base technology and so on,are expatiated in the system.From scene modeling,scene representation art and three-dimensional object movement simulation three aspects,the application implement of VR technology in the system is explained,take dissociative water prolapsus implement scene for example.In the process of application,the representation of objects in the system is visual and vivid,operations are real-time and effective,user can be personally on the scene take practical environment and actual operation and verily bring into play function in the practical operation drilling.
Pre-assessment on Construction Project of Brake Shoe,Elastic Strip and Rubber Gasket in a Train Accessories Enterprise

[Objective]To carry out the pre-assessment of the occupational hazards in the construction project of brake shoe and rubber gasket in a train accessories enterprise,put forward the opinions and suggestions,as so to protect the workers' health. [Methods]According to the Technical guidance of pre-assessment on occupational hazards in the construction project,checklist method combined with analogy was applied to assess. [Results]The main occupational hazards of this project were carbon black dust,other dusts,sulfur dioxide,noise and high-temperature.Carbon black dust and other dusts exceed the national health standards,which need to be controlled emphatically.The general layout,production technology and facility layout,dust and poison prevention facilities,design of lighting and illumination,microclimate in workplace were basically in accordance with the requirements of the Hygienic standards for the designs of industrial enterprises(GBZ 1-2010). [Conclusion]The local mechanical ventilation is suitable for occupational protection of dust in this project,and overall mechanical ventilation is suitable for occupational protection of sulfur dioxide.Because the distance from new workshop to foundry sand treatment building is short,it is suggested to demolish.It is proposed to set the warning sign and renew the first aid measures.
Clinical Features and Therapeutic Analysis of Juvenile Dermatomyositis in 120 Children

Objective To study the clinical features,therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of juvenile dermatomyositis(JDM).Methods One hundred and twenty cases of JDM hospitalized in Beijing Children′s Hospital from Dec.2003 to Mar.2011 were collected.The clinical features,laboratory data,treatment and outcome of patients with JDM were analyzed.Results All the patients had typical skin manifestations and myositis with various extents.The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2.The mean age at onset of symptoms was 7 years old(range from 1 to 14 years).There were 83(69%) patients with internal organs involvement.Respiration system was the most common system involved(48%).Muscle enzymes elevated in all of the patients.All of the patients had typical findings from electromyography.All of the patients were treated by steroids plus methotrexate in the early time of the course of disease.Using sislosporin or cyclophosphamide for severe or pulmonary da-maged patients had got successful result.The patients got better outcome.There were 5 patients died from respiratory failure and 2 patients died from macrophage activation syndrome.The long term complications were rare.Conclusions JDM is characterized by the muscle weakness and rash,the evaluation of the function of various organs are very useful to diagnose and determine the severity of the disease.The treatment using corticosteroid combined with immunosuppressive agents is safe and effective in the JDM.The outcome of the JDM is fairly good.
John Jackson: A Tribute

John Jackson was one of the giants in trade law, with Robert Hudec (who died some years ago) as his equal, though their abilities and interests nicely complemented each other. They both were read with profit, along with other luminaries such as Michael Trebilcock of Toronto, by economists such as myself. They also inspired modern trade-law stars such as my colleagues Petros Mavroidis, David Leebron at Rice, and Alan Sykes at Stanford.
Some Comments on Indistinguishable Particles and Interpretation of the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function

This paper discusses some fundamental questions pertaining to the wave function description of multiparticle systems in quantum mechanics. Motivated by results from the study of diffeomorphism group representations, I outline a point of view addressing subtle issues often overlooked in standard, “textbook” answers to these questions.
Stochastic Matrix-Function Estimators: Scalable Big-Data Kernels with High Performance

In this era of Big Data, large graphs appear in many scientific domains. To extract the hidden knowledge/correlations in these graphs, novel methods need to be developed to analyse these graphs fast. In this paper, we present a unified framework of stochastic matrix-function estimators, which allows one to compute a subset of elements of the matrix f(A), where f is an arbitrary function and A is the adjacency matrix of the graph. The new framework has a computational cost proportional to the size of the subset, i.e. to obtain the diagonal of f(A) with matrix-size N, the computational cost is proportional to N contrary to the traditional N^3 from diagonalization. Furthermore, we will show that the new framework allows us to write implementations of the algorithm that scale naturally with the number of compute nodes and is easily ported to accelerators where the kernels perform very well.
Joint planning for spare parts inventory and preventive maintenance in a multi-echelon network

Spare parts inventory and preventative maintenance play a vital role in ensuring operational availability of capital equipment. This paper investigates the cost-reliability benefits from jointly optimising preventive maintenance and spare parts inventory. Due to the problem complexity and the mathematical intractability, we propose a simulation framework to tackle this joint planning problem in a multi-echelon network. The general simulation model developed in this paper allows a closer-to-reality analysis of joint decisions on spare parts inventory and preventive maintenance for a fleet of equipment with increasing failure rates. Both block- and age-based preventive maintenance policies are considered. We also adopt a performance-based contracting approach to analysing the trade-off between inventory cost and target availability in different incentive mechanisms. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the joint policies.
An Evaluation of Applying Blended Practices to Employ Studio-Based Learning in a Large-Enrollment Design Thinking Course.

DSGN110 was a multidisciplinary course teaching first year students enrolled in in a variety of majors about design thinking. The course is offered for the majors of architecture, landscape architecture, interior design, community and regional planning, along with computer science and business students. By blending face-to-face and online instructional strategies, desired practices and learning outcomes associated with the more intimate nature of studio-based learning and learning through action were scaled and achieved in the large enrollment course. The quantitative analysis of the pre and post survey revealed significant change across all constructs and the qualitative data analysis supported these findings, demonstrating that a blended course design utilizing collaborative technology platforms offered an innovative solution to teaching and learning in a manner reflective of a studio-based pedagogy.
From endogenous to exogenous pattern formation: Invasive plant species changes the spatial distribution of a native ant.

Invasive species are a significant threat to global biodiversity, but our understanding of how invasive species impact native communities across space and time remains limited. Based on observations in an old field in Southeast Michigan spanning 35 years, our study documents significant impacts of habitat change, likely driven by the invasion of the shrub, Elaeagnus umbellata, on the nest distribution patterns and population demographics of a native ant species, Formica obscuripes. Landcover change in aerial photographs indicates that E. umbellata expanded aggressively, transforming a large proportion of the original open field into dense shrubland. By comparing the ant's landcover preferences before and after the invasion, we demonstrate that this species experienced a significant unfavorable change in its foraging areas. We also find that shrub landcover significantly moderates aggression between nests, suggesting nests are more related where there is more E. umbellata. This may represent a shift in reproductive strategy from queen flights, reported in the past, to asexual nest budding. Our results suggest that E. umbellata may affect the spatial distribution of F. obscuripes by shifting the drivers of nest pattern formation from an endogenous process (queen flights), which led to a uniform pattern, to a process that is both endogenous (nest budding) and exogenous (loss of preferred habitat), resulting in a significantly different clustered pattern. The number and sizes of F. obscuripes nests in our study site are projected to decrease in the next 40 years, although further study of this population's colony structures is needed to understand the extent of this decrease. Elaeagnus umbellata is a common invasive shrub, and similar impacts on native species might occur in its invasive range, or in areas with similar shrub invasions.
A phase I study of the safety and activation of a cathepsin-activatable fluorescent cancer-specific probe LUM015.

TPS11135 Background: Local recurrence is a common mode of failure for patients with cancer. Intra-operative detection of microscopic residual disease in the tumor bed could be used to decrease the ...
U.S. News Coverage of Global Terrorist Incidents

A slew of gruesome executions by terrorist groups in 2014–2015 renewed interest in the public relations strategies of terrorists. As a case in point, the Islamic State group’s escalating brutality reflects their efforts as a relatively nascent extremist group to ensure a high and sustained volume of media coverage, especially among Western outlets. But what characteristics of events actually prompt coverage from major U.S. news media? Using a rich data set of terrorist incidents and coverage from six major broadcast and cable U.S. networks, we model coverage of terrorist incidents as a function of event proximity from U.S. soil, target country affinity with the United States, number of total and U.S. casualties, and the characteristics of the terrorist group. Our findings largely corroborate expectations set forth by the literature on norms and routines of journalism and economics of news. When it comes to terrorism, coverage by U.S. major media outlets is largely dependent on proximity to and affinity wi...
Clinical Versus Objective Assessment of Overweight and Obese Children Among Primary Care Physicians.

In the past few decades, pediatric obesity has become a major issue in the care of children.1 The prevalence of overweight and obese children ages 2 to 19 years in 2011 to 2012 was 31.8% according to an original investigation done by JAMA.2 When solely examining obesity in the same group, prevalence was 16.9%. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Clinical Report from July 2015, pediatricians should identify children at risk for developing obesity at every health visit using the recommended growth charts. The World Health Organization’s weight-for-age and weight-for-length normative growth chart is recommended for birth through 23 months of age. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) body mass index (BMI) growth charts should be used for age 2 years and older.3 A study published in Pediatrics in 2010 showed that of 677 primary care clinicians surveyed, 97% reported visually assessing children for weight status. For children older than age 2 years, only 52% reported assessing the BMI percentile.4 Another study published in Public Health Reports in 2009 was conducted in an urban academic pediatric practice and reviewed 397 medical records of children ages 5 to 11 years. Results showed that 59.7% of records contained a CDC BMI growth chart, 5.5% of physicians documented BMI, and 4.3% of physicians plotted BMI.5 Several articles have provided evidence that visual assessment of BMI alone does not correctly identify overweight and obese patients.4-10 Additionally, some of these studies demonstrate that physicians tend to underestimate a patient’s weight versus BMI.4,7-10 This could be due to a higher prevalence of overweight and obese patients changing perceptions of what is the norm.10 The current literature suggests a disconnect between clinical and objective assessment of weight. The purpose of this study was to assess physician visual interpretation of BMI within our hospital system. The primary goal was to see how well physicians in our hospital system clinically estimated weight versus an objective assessment tool (BMI). Another goal was to raise awareness within our own hospital system of the importance of addressing BMI at all health visits.
Color superfluidity of neutral ultracold fermions in the presence of color-flip and color-orbit fields

We describe how color superfluidity is modified in the presence of color-flip and color-orbit fields in the context of ultracold atoms and discuss connections between this problem and that of color superconductivity in quantum chromodynamics. We study the case of $s$-wave contact interactions between different colors and we identify several superfluid phases, with five being nodal and one being fully gapped. When our system is described in a mixed-color basis, the superfluid order parameter tensor is characterized by six independent components with explicit momentum dependence induced by color-orbit coupling. The nodal superfluid phases are topological in nature and the low-temperature phase diagram of the color-flip field versus the interaction parameter exhibits a pentacritical point, where all five nodal color superfluid phases converge. These results are in sharp contrast to the case of zero color-flip and color-orbit fields, where the system has perfect U(3) symmetry and possesses a superfluid phase that is characterized by fully gapped quasiparticle excitations with a single complex order parameter with no momentum dependence and by inert unpaired fermions representing a nonsuperfluid component. In the latter case, just a crossover between a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer and a Bose-Einstein-condensation superfluid occurs. Furthermore, we analyze the order parameter tensor in a total pseudospin basis, investigate its momentum dependence in the singlet, triplet, and quintet sectors, and compare the results with the simpler case of spin-1/2 fermions in the presence of spin-flip and spin-orbit fields, where only singlet and triplet channels arise. Finally, we analyze in detail spectroscopic properties of color superfluids in the presence of color-flip and color-orbit fields, such as the quasiparticle excitation spectrum, momentum distribution, and density of states to help characterize all the encountered topological quantum phases, which can be realized in fermionic isotopes of lithium, potassium, and ytterbium atoms with three internal states trapped.
Focus on Friendship: Relationships, Inclusion, and Social Well-Being

Friendships are a key to social well-being for people with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Having a variety of social relationships is important, yet friendships have a unique role in people’s lives. Studies about the perspectives of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities note the added value they assign to friendship versus familial and other relationships. Unfortunately, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities typically experience less social-connectedness and fewer intimate relationships than peers without disabilities. Aligned with positive psychology and disability studies frameworks, this chapter examines practices that create opportunities for friendship based on a strengths-based perspective, account for individual choice and agency across a range of capabilities, and value disability as a natural part of human diversity.