cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A randomized clinical trial on the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy, joint mobilizations and exercise on plantar heel pain in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common cause of heel pain today impacting on the patient’s walking ability, work tolerance, and ability to participate in active sport. Two million people in the United States (US) are treated for PF yearly with heel pain accounting for 11 to 15% of visits to medical professionals. It is estimated that 10% of the US population will develop PF during their lifetime. Treatment for PF may include a variety of interventions ranging from conservative treatment to surgical interventions. One of the suggested treatments for PF is the use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT). ECSWT is a relatively new therapeutic modality that has been used in the treatment of PF and a variety of other musculoskeletal disorders with some success reported. Normally healthcare providers do not treat with the use of only one modality or treatment approach but rather a combination of treatments in an attempt to obtain a desired positive effect on the patient. The research available on the use of ECSWT is limited in that it has not been determined whether this modality used in isolation, or in combination is the most effective. Research has been conducted comparing ECSWT to placebo and a variety of controls but the effectiveness of combinations of treatment has not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ECSWT alone, to ECSWT and joint mobilization, and ECSWT and exercise, on heel pain in patients with PF, as measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Subjects (N=75) were randomly assigned into 3 groups: ECSWT, ECSWT and joint mobilizations to the talocrural, subtalar, and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, or ECSWT and stretching for the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantar fascia and strengthening for the ankle. Subjects received three treatments in total spaced one week apart. A VAS for pain and LEFS were measured pre-treatment and three months post-treatment. All groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement over time in all VAS scores and in the LEFS (P<.05). There was a statistically significant difference in VAS for heel pain following activity between the ECSWT and joint mobilization group and ECSWT and exercise group (F= 3.577, p= .033) with a greater reduction in pain in the ECSWT and joint mobilization group. Further research is required using an alternative study design to compare the combinations of treatment to a control or placebo group. The findings of this study, however, indicate that if ECSWT is going to be combined with another treatment, then the combination of ECSWT and joint mobilization may be more effective than combining ECSWT with exercise.
CD114 Expression Mediates Melanoma Tumor Cell Growth and Treatment Resistance

BACKGROUND/AIM: Melanoma tumor cell sub-populations expressing a variety of specific molecular markers have been identified. We hypothesized that expression of CD114, the cell surface receptor for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), would be associated with melanoma tumor cell growth and response to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the expression of CD114 expression in tumor cell lines by flow cytometry. We separated melanoma tumor cells into CD114-positive and - negative populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and measured cell growth and responses to temozolomide and etoposide and the anticancer agent nifurtimox. RESULTS: All tested cell lines demonstrated a sub-population of cells with CD114 surface expression. CD114-positive sub-populations grew faster than CD114-negative ones and demonstrated resistance to temozolomide, etoposide, and nifurtimox. CONCLUSION: CD114 expression defines a sub-population of melanoma tumor cells with altered growth and resistance to treatment. Further studies on the role of CD114 in melanoma pathogenesis are warranted.
Incorporating Model Uncertainty and Model Instability in Forecasting Bond Risk Premia and Term Structure of Government Bond Yield – A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach

This research investigates the macro factors for forecasting (1) bond risk premia and (2) term structure of government bond yields by using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) based on empirical prior. Different from the traditional variable selection approach which advocates finding an “optimized” variable subset, BMA combines all model specifications with their posterior probability to handle model uncertainty. Our result shows strong empirical evidence that BMA outperforms the traditional model selection criteria. As market environment keep changing, the relationship between response variable and explanatory variable(s) changes too. The BMA based on empirical prior does not need subjective elicitation of priors and can be more adaptive to dynamic economic condition. Through explicitly incorporating model uncertainty and model instability, the BMA based on empirical prior can easily match artificial neural network, the state-of-the-art universal approximating method, in forecasting accuracy. Although we find there is no significant difference in forecasting performance between BMA and neural networks trained with Bayesian regularization, we find each method does offer unique information which could further improve the other method’s forecasting performance. The performance of using BMA to forecast bond excess return is tested with both statistical measures and economic measures. Many existing yield curve models do not incorporate the role of macro factors (Diebold et al 2006). Diebold and Li (2006) demonstrated no existing model can outperform the random walk model in forecasting one-month-ahead yield curve. We apply BMA to forecast the government bond yield change and indicate BMA model can significantly outperform the random walk model at one-month-ahead horizon.
A fatty acid in the MCT ketogenic diet for epilepsy treatment blocks AMPA receptors

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Seizure control by decanoic acid through direct AMPA receptor inhibition’, by Chang et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awv325). Dietary therapies can provide control of seizures in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. There are several types of dietary therapies, all of which are high in fat, restrict carbohydrates to some extent, and are associated with ketosis. In the classical ketogenic diet introduced into clinical practice in the 1920s, the fat component is provided by long-chain triglycerides (LCTs). Recognizing that medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are more ketogenic than LCTs, Huttenlocher et al. (1971) created the MCT oil diet, which permits greater amounts of carbohydrate and protein, and therefore allows a more flexible meal plan. The efficacy of the MCT oil ketogenic diet is equivalent to that of the classic LCT ketogenic diet, and the tolerability is also comparable (Neal et al. , 2009). MCTs, which are abundant in coconut and palm kernel oil, have a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid esters with 6 to 12 carbons arranged in a straight chain. The major fatty acids in MCT oil are n -octanoic acid (C8; caprylic acid; 50–80%) and n -decanoic acid (C10; capric acid; 20–50%). Following ingestion, MCTs are rapidly absorbed into the portal circulation to the liver, in contrast to LCTs which are absorbed by chylomicrons in the lymph. It was previously believed that medium chain fatty acids derived from MCTs are immediately oxidized in the liver to form ketone bodies, but it is now known that appreciable amounts appear in the circulation of patients receiving the MCT diet (Sills et al. , 1986 a ). For example, children on the MCT diet had plasma concentrations of decanoic acid in the range of 0.1–0.2 mM. Decanoic acid readily crosses the blood–brain barrier, probably by a combination of diffusion and …
In Praise of the Too-Clement Emperor: The Problem of Forgiveness in the Astronomer's Vita Hludowici imperatoris

Readers of the Astronomer's ninth-century biography of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious have long tried to make sense of a curious critique in its preface concerning the emperor's extreme capacity to forgive. Written in a fluid and erudite Latin, evocative of classical styles yet bearing the distinct stamp of Carolingian innovation, the Astronomer's Vita Hludowici imperatoris begins by claiming that the memorialization of past princes can be of great use to the present for the teaching of correct behavior. Louis the Pious, it says, embodied four virtues in particular. He was in life a paragon of temperance, the personification of wisdom, an unwavering devotee of justice, and the epitome of manly courage; “he clung so fully to their company,” the text says fawningly, “that you did not know which one to admire more in him.” Still, it continues, “the envious could find only one fault to which he had succumbed: he was too merciful (nimis clemens).”
Preparation of Carbon/Ceramic Composite Materials by Use of Raw Coke (Part 8)

Carbon-based composites with dispersed β-SiC and B4C particles were prepared by normal pressure sintering. The spherical β-SiC particles with a diameter of 1μm in the dense matrix of carbon grew into rods with a diameter of 3 to 5μm and a length of up to 50μm by heat-treatment above 2300°C. The anisotropic growth of SiC did not occur when the matrix contained less than one percent B4C, but the anisotropic growth rate increased with increasing amount of B4C. Dimensional change of the composites caused by the growth of SiC rods was less than 5vol%. The composites were toughened hy a crack deflection mechanism caused by SiC rods dispersion.
Effect of post-partum levels of nutrition on productivity of 2-year-old heifers

Forty crossbred heifers, mated to one sire, that calved in a 20-day period were used to study the effect of varying time and level of post-partum nutrition on productivity. Heifers were individually fed for 90 days post partum beginning at parturition: (1) proportionately 1·3 National Research Council (NRC) 1984 recommendations for 45 days followed by 0·7 NRC for 45 days (130·70); (2) 1·0 NRC for 90 days (100·100); and (3) 0·7 NRC for 45 days followed by 1·3 NRC for 45 days (70·130). Milk production, growth and body condition were estimated periodically during the lactation. The 130·70 heifers maintained their weight during the first 45 days of lactation, while the 100·100 and the 70·130 heifers lost weight (−0·33 and 0·60 kg/day, respectively). During the second 45-day period, the 100·100 and 70·130 heifers gained weight (0·24 and 0·72 kg/day, respectively) while the 130·70 heifers lost weight (−0·39 kg/day). Visual condition scores paralleled weight changes during both phases of the feeding period. Milk production varied according to nutrient intake and treatment differences were greatest at 45 days post partum (8·1, 7·3 and 6·1 kg/day for 130·70, 100·100 and 70·130, respectively). Calf weight gains were unaffected by dam nutrition. Days to first oestrus, days to conception or services per conception were not significantly different (P > 0·05) among treatment groups. Based on this experiment, neither of the alternate feeding systems resulted in decreased performance when compared with feeding at a constant level. Therefore, it appears that latitude exists in the way heifers can be fed early in their first lactation, without adversely affecting production.
Positive Youth Development and Undergraduate Student Retention

The primary theoretical tradition in the study of college retention has been sociological. A review and synthesis of common themes of development among traditional-age, college students suggests that a developmental perspective on the retention of youth in college may have more to offer than the dominant sociological paradigm. This article argues that a key question in examining undergraduate retention should be are colleges and universities meeting the developmental needs of the youth enrolled in their institutions. The Positive Youth Development (PYD) perspective is proposed as a more beneficial paradigm than current models used to examine college student retention. Opportunities and resources to support features of positive developmental settings in the college context are explored, as are potential limitations and directions for future research. The conclusion discusses the overall benefits of using a developmental and strengths-based perspective to study undergraduate retention.
Metal-matrix composites in the automotive industry: Opportunities and challenges

Metal-matrix composites offer considerable promise to help automotive engineers meet the challenges of current and future demands for recyclable, fuel-efficient, safe, and low-emission vehicles. These materials can be engineered to match the design requirements of automotive power-train or chassis components. Technological and infrastructural barriers tend to limit the implementation of these materials, but it is believed these barriers can be overcome and that metal-matrix composites can be applied in high-volume vehicle production. Reducing these barriers will require much effort by engineers and scientists, managers and planners at automotive manufacturers, and their suppliers. The result will be the gradual introduction of metal-matrix composites in high-volume vehicle production to satisfy customer desires while meeting regulatory requirements and competitive pressures.
The entry of HCl through soluble surfactants on sulfuric acid: effects of chain branching.

Gas–liquid scattering experiments are used to determine how a soluble, branched surfactant (2-ethylbutanol) controls the entry of gaseous HCl molecules into 60 and 68 wt % D2SO4 at 213 K. Short-chain alcohols spontaneously segregate to the surfaces of these sulfuric acid solutions, which are representative of aerosol droplets in the lower stratosphere. We find that 2-ethylbutanol enhances HCl entry at low surface coverages, most likely because it provides extra interfacial OH groups that aid HCl dissociation. This enhancement disappears at higher coverages as the alkyl chains crowd each other and block access to the acid. The branched alcohol impedes HCl entry more effectively than its unbranched isomer 1-hexanol, implying that the larger 2-ethybutanol footprint on the surface blocks more HCl molecules from reaching the alcohol-acid interface. This behavior contrasts sharply with gas transport through long-chain monolayers, where branching introduces gaps that allow more facile passage. The experiments su...
Copper(I)-Dioxygen Adducts and Copper Enzyme Mechanisms

Primary copper(I)-dioxygen (O2) adducts, cupric-superoxide complexes, have been proposed intermediates in copper-containing dioxygen-activating monooxygenase and oxidase enzymes. Here, mechanisms of C-H activation by reactive copper-(di)oxygen intermediates are discussed, with an emphasis on cupric-superoxide species. Over the past 25 years, many synthetically derived cupric-superoxide model complexes have been reported. Due to the thermal instability of these intermediates, early studies focused on increasing their stability and obtaining physical characterization. More recently, in an effort to gain insight into the possible substrate oxidation step in some copper monooxygenases, several cupric-superoxide complexes have been used as surrogates to probe substrate scope and reaction mechanisms. These cupric superoxides are capable of oxidizing substrates containing weak O-H and C-H bonds. Mechanistic studies for some enzymes and model systems have supported an initial hydrogen-atom abstraction via the cupric-superoxide complex as the first step of substrate oxidation.
Progress Towards a Synergistically Integrated, Scalable Solar Fuels Generator

The development of an artificial photosynthetic system involves obtaining desired functionalities on the nanoscale. A viable blueprint for an artificial photosynthetic system involves two complementary, current-matched and voltage-adding photosystems, in conjunction with two different catalysts: one to oxidize water, and the other to reduce either water and/or carbon dioxide to solar fuels. Recent progress towards a robust, efficient, inexpensive and safe solar-fuels generator provides an example of nanoscale materials-by-design. The light-absorbing semiconductors have been designed and grown as high-aspect-ratio microwires which simultaneously allow minimization of ionic transport pathways, sufficient depth for light absorption in the semiconductor, efficient collection of charge carriers, and high surface areas for catalyst loading. Non-noble-metal catalysts for the redox reactions have been discovered, and methods for protecting the semiconductors against corrosion have been developed.
A Synergistic Union: Group Work Meets Psychodrama

Group work and psychodrama each have a separate comprehensive knowledge base and practice skills. Both of these group approaches view the individual group members as the primary vehicles to promote...
Artificial Attention at Scale.

Human-machine systems have expanded in terms of their sensing, communication, and computational capabilities. These capabilities have led to developments of a variety of sensor systems, like robotic platforms. There are benefits to these new sensor systems, however, these benefits have been offset by new difficulties; dynamic data overload, keeping pace with changing tempo, and managing data flows from multiple sensors feeds. One approach to manage data overload from multiple sensor feeds are computational models of attention. These models also address an important aspect of human-machine symbiosis, the need for machines agents to understand attention, manage interaction based on the flow of attention, and anticipate the flow of attention in the future. Unfortunately, existing computational models of attention use assumptions that limit their applicability to human-machine systems. The Artificial Attention Architecture is introduced and demonstrates how computational models of attention can be extended to handle multi-agent, multi-sensor systems. The Artificial Attention Architecture addresses important properties of human-machine systems like the need to build symbiosis between people searching for meaning in extensive data flows and the computational algorithms processing complex and dynamic data flows.
Cultural translation of refugee trauma: Cultural idioms of distress among Somali refugees in displacement.

Westernized approaches to mental health care often place limited emphasis on refugees’ own experiences and cultural explanations of symptoms and distress. In order to effectively assess community m...
Regulatory Enforcement as Policy: Exploring Factors Related to State Lawsuits Against For-Profit Colleges:

Regulatory enforcement is a policy decision in itself. Given the current federal commitment to deregulate the for-profit college market, state regulations will likely become increasingly important. This study examines the factors contributing to the enforcement of state-level proprietary college regulations. Using event history analysis, the authors test diffusion and innovation theories as potential explanations for patterns of enforcement. The findings suggest that geographic diffusion plays an important role in state lawsuits against for-profit colleges, although the specific mechanisms of diffusion may differ across regions. Moreover, loan repayment rates of for-profit students appear to contribute to the likelihood of a lawsuit being filed as states may seek to intervene when objective metrics suggest that students and state economic interests seem to be harmed. The article also suggests that market factors may play an influential role in state governments enforcing regulations on for-profit colleges.
Remaking “Community” Mental Health: Contested Institutional Logics and Organizational Change

Neo-institutional studies of institutional entrepreneurship identify the important role that individuals play as drivers of institutional change. Institutional entrepreneurs leverage resources to c...
Survey of several catalytic systems for the epoxidation of a biobased ester sucrose soyate

Abstract Epoxidized sucrose soyate (ESS) is a biobased, reactive substrate useful in the production of a range of new materials. Several readily available metal catalysts for the synthesis of ESS by epoxidation of sucrose soyate (SS) with various oxidants have been surveyed, with the consideration of environmental sustainability. Among them, a methyltrioxorhenium(MTO)/H2O2 system in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solvent is identified as the most effective method with mild reaction conditions, high activity and high selectivity.
Regioselective chlorination of cellulose esters by methanesulfonyl chloride.

Abstract Regioselective chlorination of cellulose is challenging due to its low reactivity, the small reactivity differences between cellulosic hydroxyl groups, and the high and diverse reactivity of most common chlorinating agents. Halogenation of cellulose affords useful precursors for subsequent nucleophilic substitution reactions, permitting incorporation of new functionality. Herein we report a simple and efficient pathway for preparation of 6-chloro-6-deoxycellulose esters and their derivatives. Cellulose acetate (degree of substitution (DS) 1.75, CA320S) can be chlorinated by essentially quantitative reaction of the primary alcohol groups with methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl), yielding 6-chloro-6-deoxy cellulose acetate. Characterization methods including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, demonstrated chemo- and regioselective C-6 chlorination. We also demonstrate that chlorinated cellulose acetate is a useful intermediate for displacement reactions with nucleophiles including sodium azide, amines, and thiols to prepare functional cellulose ester derivatives.
Der Grundsatz der Verfügbarkeit

Zur Erleichterung der im vorherigen Kapitel beschriebenen Komplikationen des Rechtshilferechts beim grenzuberschreitenden Austausch von strafverfolgungsrelevanter Information, wurde der sogenannte Grundsatz der Verfugbarkeit als „innovatives Konzept“ entwickelt. Durch ihn, bzw. ihn umsetzende Rechtsakte sollte der Austausch von Daten einfacher, schneller und direkter gestaltet werden. Im Folgenden werden Inhalt, Entwicklung und die bisherige Umsetzung dieser politischen Idee des Grundsatzes der Verfugbarkeit, welche durch in Kapitel 2 erlauterte Rechtsinstrumente wie den Vertrag von Prum oder die Schwedische Initiative bereits teilweise erfolgte, dargestellt, und es wird auf verschiedene technische Umsetzungsmoglichkeiten eingegangen.
Vitamin D and Bone Mineral Metabolism in Hepatogastrointestinal Diseases

Publisher Summary The mineral constituents of bone come from the diet and must be absorbed from the ingested food in the intestine. Vitamin D, through its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), regulates the intestinal absorption of the two major mineral constituents of bone, calcium, and phosphate. Although synthesized in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet light, vitamin D is also an important dietary constituent especially in circumstances of reduced exposure to ultraviolet light. Therefore, the bone is dependent on the adequate supply of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D from the diet, and abnormalities of the hepatogastrointestinal tract, which impair their absorption and further metabolism, and cause bone disease. The bone disease resulting from vitamin D and calcium malabsorption complicates processes in the hepatogastrointestinal tract. Many of these disorders result in both osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Furthermore, gastrointestinal diseases also lead to bone disease, primarily through the malabsorption of vitamin D and calcium, although the presence of disease may itself lead to reduced intake of vitamin D and calcium or limited exposure to sunlight. Last but not the least, chronic inflammation as in the inflammatory bowel diseases may contribute to increased bone resorption in a potentially vitamin-D-regulated fashion.
AQUACULTURAL EFFLUENTS: DIRECTIVE SIGNALS TO THE SYSTEM DOWNSTREAM?

Animals continuously release biogenic substances that vary in composition with physiological state. In aquatic systems, animals can gain insight about conditions or events upstream and alter their physiology and behavior to exploit this information. Here, we review observations on aquatic animals as diverse as snails, shrimp, fish, and frog tadpoles to probe the possibility that high-density aquaculture might generate chemical messages that cause conspecific or related individuals to reduce productive processes (growth, metamorphosis, ecdysis, reproduction) or even to sicken and die (loss of immunocompetence, anaphylaxis). The potential for ecological disruption logically is maximized under conditions that uncouple the parts of the system generating and receiving such signals—as would be the case when aquacultural effluents enter natural aquatic systems.
Support providers of sexual minority women with breast cancer: Who they are and how they impact the breast cancer experience

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with adjustment to breast cancer among sexual minority women with breast cancer and their support person. Methods In a cross-sectional study, sexual minority women with breast cancer and their support provider were asked to self-report social support, distress, and coping, using standardized measures. Results Twenty-three (77%) women had a support provider participating in the study. Disclosure of sexual orientation, less helpless-hopeless coping, and support provider perception of high fighting spirit were related to lower patient distress. Lower support provider distress was related to more patient disclosure of sexual orientation, a larger social network, and an underestimation of fatalistic patient coping. An overestimation of patients' anxious preoccupation coping was linked to higher support provider distress. Conclusions Providing opportunities to sexual minority patients and their support providers to focus on issues such as disclosure of sexual orientation and coping may lower patient and support provider distress.
Respiration and Metabolism

Respiration includes the transport of oxygen from the outside of the organism into the cells and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. Cellular respiration, which takes place within cells, consists of the metabolic processes by which energy is obtained by breaking down glucose through enzymatic pathways (glycolysis and the Krebs cycle), creating water, carbon dioxide and ATP. Respiration responds directly to metabolic needs. Most toxicants studied have been found to reduce the metabolic rate and thus, the respiration of many organisms. Many studies have relied primarily on a single metric, oxygen consumption, to determine changes in metabolic rates. In some cases, however, lowered oxygen consumption can be attributed to reduced ventilation of the gills or to gill damage, and in other cases the toxic mechanism is disruption of the enzymes of cellular respiration. Relatively few studies have related effects on respiration to carbon assimilation through measures of feeding and excretion or have examined total effects on the carbon, nitrogen, or energy budget.
Preservation of Organic Fossils at the Las Hoyas Formation, Spain

Molecular analysis of fossil fish scales from the Cretaceous Las Hoyas Formation revealed a dominant aliphatic composition (C8 to C22) whereas modern fish scale is proteinaceous (largely collagenous). Analysis of the aliphatic polymer using thermochemolysis revealed the importance of ester linkages; saturated fatty acids C14 to C18 (particularly C16) are the most abundant. These acid components and their unsaturated counterparts are evident in the lipid composition of modern fish scale. Thus, the aliphatic composition of the fossil scales is likely a result of the incorporation of lipids (including a C19 aromatic hydrocarbon) from the original indicating preservation by in situ polymerization of labile aliphatic components. Fossil arthropods and plants from the same deposit also show a dominant aliphatic macromolecular component, likely derived predominantly by crosslinking of free lipid precursors. Differences in the relative distribution of molecular components indicate likely chemosystematic differences between different fossil groups.
Stability of the Elliptically Excited Pendulum Using the Homoclinic Melnikov Function

In this paper we investigate the dynamics of a pendulum subject to an elliptical pattern of excitation. The physical model is motivated by the development of sea wave energy extraction systems which exploit the rotating solutions of pendulum systems to drive generation. We formulate the homoclinic Melnikov function for the system and then demonstrate bounds on the set of parameters which can support homoclinic bifurcation. As the homoclinic bifurcation is a precursor to escape and the formation of rotating solutions in the evolution of the system under increasing forcing, these estimates provide bounds on the parameter space outwith which stable rotating solutions are not observed.
Family Responsibility Discrimination, Power Distance, and Emotional Exhaustion: When and Why are There Gender Differences in Work–Life Conflict?

As men take on more family responsibilities over time, with women still shouldering considerably more childcare and housework, an important ethical matter facing organizations is that of providing a supportive environment to foster employee well-being and balance between work and family. Using conservation of resources theory, this multi-source study examines the association between perceived family responsibility discrimination and work–life conflict as mediated by emotional exhaustion. Employee gender and power distance values are tested as moderators of the perceived family responsibility discrimination to emotional exhaustion relationship. Results suggest that male employees who perceive family responsibility discrimination from their supervisor and hold high power distance values experience increased emotional exhaustion and work–life conflict. Female workers who perceive family responsibility discrimination from their supervisor experience increased emotional exhaustion and work–life conflict regardless of whether they have high or low power distance. Findings are consistent with theory-based predictions from conservation of resources theory: resources that are valued and not provided in the work context deplete emotional energies and ultimately trigger work–life conflict. Findings build on the work–life literature by introducing gender and power distance as factors that shape when employees feel the draining effects of family responsibility discrimination.
Big Five personality domains and relationship satisfaction: Direct effects and correlated change over time.

Objective The Big Five Model (BFM) of personality domains is significantly related to romantic relationship outcomes, particularly marital satisfaction. Few studies to date, however, have examined the BFM domains and relationship outcomes longitudinally. Method We used latent growth curve modeling to estimate the initial levels (intercept) and the rate of change (slope) in the BFM domains and marital satisfaction and determine if change in one construct was associated with change in the other. All available data were retained from participants who remained married to the same individual, as well as early waves for participants who divorced or were widowed, in the Midlife in the United States study (N = 1,965). We expected negative associations between (a) intercepts of Neuroticism and relationship satisfaction and (b) the intercept/slope of Neuroticism with change in marital satisfaction. The other BFM domains were expected to have positive effects on change in satisfaction. Results The results suggested that change over time in Neuroticism and Conscientiousness is detrimental to satisfaction, while initial levels of Conscientiousness may predict declining marital satisfaction. Conclusions Changes in Neuroticism accompany parallel changes in relationship satisfaction in a large sample of married U.S. adults, suggesting an ongoing bidirectional influence between these constructs in enduring marriages.
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Chinese State Reactions to Labour Unrest

What impact is the current rise in workplace conflict having on governance in China? This article argues that, over time, protests are driving the state in two directions at once: towards greater repression and greater responsiveness. Using an original dataset of strikes, protests and riots by Chinese workers between 2003 and 2012, along with government budgetary and judicial statistics, the article demonstrates that significant, positive correlations exist at the provincial level between increased unrest on the one hand and both increased spending on the People's Armed Police (repression) and increasing numbers of pro-worker and split decisions in mediation, arbitration and court cases (responsiveness) on the other. Feedback effects exist with regard to responsiveness, though: more cases in which workers win something in turn seem to spur greater unrest. The article closes by noting the changes since Xi Jinping took office and examining the implications of the findings for China's political development.
Autoimmunity-Associated Gut Commensals Modulate Gut Permeability and Immunity in Humanized Mice.

Objective Although the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown, recent studies have led to the concept that gut dysbiosis may be involved in onset. In this study, we aimed to determine if human gut commensals modulate the immune response and gut epithelial integrity in DQ8 mice. Methods DQ8 mice were orally gavaged with RA-associated (Eggerthella lenta or Collinsella aerofaciens) and non-associated (Prevotella histicola or Bifidobacterium sp.) on alternate days for 1 week in naive mice. Some mice were immunized with type II collagen and oral gavage continued for 6 weeks and followed for arthritis. Epithelial integrity was done by FITC-Dextran assay. In addition, cytokines were measured in sera by ELISA and various immune cells were quantified using flow cytometry. Results Gut permeability was increased by the RA-associated bacteria and was sex and age-dependent. In vivo and in vitro observations showed that the RA-non-associated bacteria outgrow the RA-associated bacteria when gavaged or cultured together. Mice gavaged with the RA-non-associated bacteria produced lower levels of pro-inflammatory MCP-1 and MCP-3 and had lower numbers of Inflammatory monocytes CD11c+Ly6c+, when compared to controls. E. lenta treated naive mice produce Th17 cytokines. Conclusions Our studies suggest that gut commensals influence immune response in and away from the gut by changing the gut permeability and immunity. Dysbiosis helps the growth of RA-associated bacteria and reduces the beneficial bacteria.
Global Renewable Energy Grid Project—Integrating Renewables Via High-Voltage Direct Current and Centralized Storage

Abstract Scientific consensus confirms the feasibility of a world powered by wind, water, and solar energies, and the necessity for transition to a renewable energy infrastructure for human safety and welfare. In a nonfossil fuel world, there exists a pressing need to share renewable resources across international borders. Regional electric grids must be combined into a vast global network. Ultimately we must create a worldwide system that applies careful monitoring of supply and demand through smart grids for dispatch of electrical power over a global renewable energy grid (GREG). A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system needs to be built to serve as the principal electrical power transport medium. Centralized “send and receive” storage facilities, employing pumped hydro and bidirectional fuel cell and battery technologies, can be strategically placed within a GREG as needed. After considering energy economics along with sociopolitical obstacles and hierarchies, we offer technological suggestions as to how a global grid might be implemented. HVDC transmission is recommended as the clear choice for the most efficient and reliable long-distance delivery of electrical power 24/7/52. In addition, centralized storage megaplants are proposed for balancing supply and demand across a network of mostly intermittent sources.
On-Demand Receiver-Centric Channel Allocation via Constrained VCG Auction for Spatial Spectrum Reuse

Spatial spectrum reuse significantly enhances spectrum utilization but requires delicate design to avoid cochannel interference. Instead of focusing solely on spectrum efficiency, we consider maximizing social welfare via channel allocation. Specifically, we propose an on-demand receiver-centric mechanism with a new factor, the supply and demand relationship. The optimal channel allocation that maximizes social welfare can be achieved by the constrained Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction for secondary users (SUs), but with high complexity. To simplify the constrained VCG auction, we group the SUs into maximal independent groups (MIGs) using a modified Bron–Kerbosch algorithm. We prove that truthful bidding is the optimal strategy for the SUs even though they do not participate in the VCG auction for MIGs directly. Therefore, the MIGs are bidding truthfully and social welfare is maximized. We also prove that the optimal channel allocation is not unique and thus a weakly-dominant strategy for the primary user, and the VCG style pricing based on truthful bidding can be implemented by using a decision tree repeatedly. Furthermore, we approximate and simplify the optimal channel allocation with a greedy algorithm, Dijkstra's algorithm, and batch allocation. In our simulation, we compare the proposed methods and demonstrate that on-demand channel allocation increases social welfare.
From Crafting to Caching: Technological and Iconographic Analyses of Blue Creek Cache 37

ABSTRACTThis paper presents technological and iconographic analyses of a Late Classic (a.d. 600–830) lithics cache recovered from the ancient Maya site of Blue Creek, Belize. The cache consisted of...
Re Thinking Regulation and Monetary Policies?: Until Asset Valuations and Risk Taking Levels Are Conrolled…

Reforms on capital standards, namely the introduction of important liquidity standards such as the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR), along with leverage ratios… standard, supplementary and enhanced supplementary leverage ratios comprise some of the macro prudential policies that have been adopted in response to flaws which were inherent in the Basel risk based capital framework. These very vital developments aimed at addressing the inability of adequately assessing levels of liquidity – owing to complex channels through which these were transferred – particularly during periods where the financial cycles were approaching “bust” levels/ recessionary periods; as well as difficulties in accurately estimating asset prices (overvalued assets particularly); as well as difficulties attributed to those financial institutions deemed to have met capital requirements (under Basel II) – which however, struggled to meet liquidity requirements or rather, did not have enough liquid assets to meet their liabilities as these fell due, triggered the need to introduce conservative buffers, counter cyclical buffers as part of those measures to address the pro cyclical nature attributed to Basel II. With the rise of crypto currency platforms, data analytics – as well risk induced based activities, will there ever be a way of regulating - such that incentives to engage in risk prone activities are not encouraged? This chapter highlights recent efforts being taken by regulators to accord greater attention to financial institutions which are more prone to risk taking incentives and which are also considered to be systemically relevant in terms of their nature, size and complexity.
Legal Monism: An American History

Legal monism is the view that necessarily one, and only one, legal system exists. The legal norms of all past, present, and possible communities exist only within in an overarching legal system, which does not itself depend upon any community for its existence. Current legal philosophers — including those who might be described as natural law theorists — reject legal monism. They are legal pluralists, who believe that a multiplicity of discrete legal systems is possible (indeed actual). Although philosophers of law are pluralists, it is difficult to determine jurists’ views on the matter, for monism and pluralism are both compatible with most judgments that they make. Only in a few narrow areas do monistic and pluralistic judgments about the law diverge. One such area is the conflict of laws (or, as those outside the United States would call it, private international law) — in particular, judgments concerning what I will call rules of authorization, which distribute lawmaking power among the officials of various jurisdictions. Rules of authorization include rules determining when a court has personal jurisdiction and when a legislature has legislative jurisdiction — the power to extend its laws to a matter. In this essay, I argue that a commitment to legal monism is evident in American jurists’ views on rules of authorization in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I offer as examples Justice Story, Joseph Henry Beale, and Justice Field. What is more, the subsequent choice-of-law revolution did not reject monism. What it rejected was a conception of rules of legislative jurisdiction as dividing lawmaking power into exclusive spheres. Such rules were now understood as giving the lawmakers of a number of jurisdictions concurrent lawmaking power. Whether these rules were understood monistically or not was left open. Indeed, it is possible that current jurists, if forced to take a stand between a monistic and a pluralistic understanding of rules of authorization, would choose monism.
Immersion in ‘Othered’ Spaces for Teacher Preparation: Encountering Different Knowledges

The following chapter reports on the experiences of a group of pre-service teacher-learners participating in an intensive immersion abroad program in Ecuador and explores how encounters with Indigenous knowledges come to serve as mediating factors in the development of incremental degrees of sociopolitical consciousness on the part of prospective teachers. Additionally, concepts like Indigeneity and decolonizing are grappled with relative to the preparation of predominantly White U.S. teachers who will work with culturally and linguistically diverse learners in the future. In the process, the relevance of Indigenous knowledges for teacher preparation grounded in equity and justice is explored but also problematized.
Conformal metrics on R2m with constant Q-curvature and large volume

Abstract We study conformal metrics g u = e 2 u | d x | 2 on R 2 m with constant Q-curvature Q g u ≡ ( 2 m − 1 ) ! (notice that ( 2 m − 1 ) ! is the Q-curvature of S 2 m ) and finite volume. When m = 3 we show that there exists V ⁎ such that for any V ∈ [ V ⁎ , ∞ ) there is a conformal metric g u = e 2 u | d x | 2 on R 6 with Q g u ≡ 5 ! and vol ( g u ) = V . This is in sharp contrast with the four-dimensional case, treated by C.-S. Lin. We also prove that when m is odd and greater than 1, there is a constant V m > vol ( S 2 m ) such that for every V ∈ ( 0 , V m ] there is a conformal metric g u = e 2 u | d x | 2 on R 2 m with Q g u ≡ ( 2 m − 1 ) ! , vol ( g ) = V . This extends a result of A. Chang and W.-X. Chen. When m is even we prove a similar result for conformal metrics of negative Q-curvature.
Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy

Study Objective The objective of the video is to share a laparoscopic approach to resection of ectopic (interstitial) pregnancy in patient with history of exploratory laparotomy, tubal ligation and reversal as well as ventral hernia repair. Design The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of ectopic (interstitial) pregnancy. She has been seen at a 4-week postoperative visit. Setting The patient is placed in the dorsal lithotomy position. Arms are tucked. A single video screen is placed at the foot of the bed. A total of 4 ports are used including three 5 mm ports and one 12 mm port (suprapubic). Patients or Participants The patient was selected for this surgery based on ultrasound findings and after review of her surgical history. Interventions Laparoscopic resection of ectopic (interstitial) pregnancy. Measurements and Main Results The patient presented with a right ectopic (interstitial) pregnancy. Crown rump length measured 1.65 cm. Her pre-operative HCG level was 25,634. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of ectopic pregnancy (interstitial). Her HCG level trended down to 4 at four weeks after surgery. Conclusion Resection of ectopic (interstitial) pregnancy can be performed safely using laparoscopy in patients with extensive surgical histories. In this video, we show how the pregnancy is excised, followed by curettage, and tissue removal. The suprapubic port is an effective placement for curettage of the ectopic bed as well as for suturing the uterus after resection of the ectopic pregnancy.
Differential T cell reactivity to endemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in community and health care workers.

Herein we measured CD4+ T-cell responses against common cold coronaviruses (CCC) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in high-risk health care workers (HCW) and community controls. We observed higher levels of CCC-reactive T cells in SARS-CoV-2-seronegative HCW compared to community donors, consistent with potential higher occupational exposure of HCW to CCC. We further show that SARS-CoV-2 T-cell reactivity of seronegative HCW was higher than community controls and correlation between CCC and SARS-CoV-2 responses is consistent with cross-reactivity and not associated with recent in vivo activation. Surprisingly, CCC T-cell reactivity was decreased in SARS-CoV-2-infected HCW, suggesting that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 might interfere with CCC responses, either directly or indirectly. This result was unexpected, but consistently detected in independent cohorts derived from Miami and San Diego. CD4+ T-cell responses against common cold coronaviruses (CCC) are elevated in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative high-risk health care workers (HCW) compared to COVID-19 convalescent HCW, suggesting that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 might interfere with CCC responses and/or cross-reactivity associated with a protective effect.
Examining relationships between COVID-19 destination practices, value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for tourists' outdoor recreation trips

Abstract Using a structural equation model, this study examined the influence of tourists' satisfaction with COVID-19 practices at destinations on tourists' value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions (revisit and recommendation intentions). From a sample of 405 tourists who participated in outdoor recreation trips after March 2020, this study found that satisfaction with COVID-19 practices at destinations had significant impacts on tourists’ perceived value, overall satisfaction, and revisit/recommendation intentions, controlling for the impacts of socio-demographic, trip, and destination-related factors. This study also examined how first-time and repeat visitors developed behavioral intentions differently, using multi-group analysis. Specifically, revisit/recommendation intentions for repeat visitors were not associated with satisfaction with COVID-19 measures, whereas the relationships were significant for first-time visitors. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications based on study findings were outlined and recommendations for future research were made.
Censorship Resistance as a Side-Effect (Transcript of Discussion)

This is a thought experiment, which is a euphemism for a half-baked idea, that my wonderful grad student, Henry Tan, and myself have come up with over the last few months. To provide some context, the talk is really about censorship and unblockability, so I’ll start by describing what I mean by that. Suppose we have some user, Alice or Bob, and unfortunately he or she is located in some network that is controlled by a censor.