cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Status, Values, and Support for Reform in Education

Abstract Using a survey of Ohio and Indiana residents, we analyze the extent to which public support for school vouchers and school finance reform is structured by the same socioeconomic interests and values (equality, humanitarianism, individualism, and limited government) as is public support for contentious welfare policies. Disadvantaged individuals and individuals who live in disadvantaged communities are more likely to support vouchers but social status has a more ambiguous influence on support for finance reform. Values cannot explain the effect of social status on support for these education policies, but they exert independent effects. We speculate that disadvantaged individuals are more likely to see vouchers as in their interests than are advantaged individuals because voucher advocates have allied themselves with social movements and organizations representing clear constituencies (religious conservatives, low-income urban parents). On the other hand, we suggest that finance reform is more of an abstract issue because its advocates have mostly concentrated on intragovernmental litigation, and thus cleavages based on social status tend to be more obscured.
The educational buildings of Pius IV : Variations upon a building type in urban monuments

Abstract Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) was a passionate patron of letters and the arts, seeking to enlist them in his reform of the Catholic Church. He commissioned numerous architectural projects in order to house and represent adequately various offices and institutions. In Pius's mind, architecture was an urbanistic art; his buildings demonstrated the reform and resurgence of the Church in the setting in which the faithful lived out their lives. Among his many endeavors, Pius sought to promote higher education. To support these efforts, Pius commissioned three buildings for educational institutions: the Archiginnasio for the University of Bologna, the Sapienza for the University in Rome, and the Collegio Borromeo for a recently founded college of the same name in Pavia. While these buildings share a common typology, they took advantage of the range of expression allowed for the type. The differences reflected the nature of the institution, allowing the buildings to be urban proclamations about the college or university. Pius's buildings were important examples of the type. Examining these three seminal buildings allows us to understand how this important yet understudied patron employed architecture to serve his reforms, without demanding standard forms or requiring a uniform architectural language.
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex recruits the Facilitator of Chromatin Transcription (FACT) complex and induces the exit of FACT from the nucleolus in response to cisplatin treatment

C69 DNA-PK, formed by the catalytic subunit DNA-PKcs and the Ku70/Ku86 regulatory heterodimer (Ku) is involved in resistance to cisplatin and Ku reportedly bind cisplatin-DNA adducts. Thus DNA-PK is a molecular target for the improvement of cisplatin therapy and subunits recruited into the DNA-PK protein complex in cisplatin treated cells will be putative molecular targets. In an attempt to identify such putative targets we purified the Ku complex by tandem affinity chromatography before and after cisplatin treatment in HeLa cells and identified changes in its subunits composition through mass spectrometric analysis. We purified the Ku86 complex from HeLa cells untreated or treated for 5 hours with 100I¼g/ml cisplatin and found significant increase of the association of the FACT complex with the Ku86 complex. FACT is composed of two subunits SSRP1 and hspt16 and also binds cisplatin-DNA adducts. We found that endogenous Ku86 and SSRP1 co-immunoprecipitate in MDA-MB-231 cells. Nucleolar subpopulations of Ku86, and SSRP1 exist in the nucleolus of MDA-MB-231 cells. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that Ku86 but not SSRP1 leave the nucleolus after exposure to 1I¼g/ml cisplatin. In contrast, the SSRP1 association with the nucleolus was disrupted by high doses of cisplatin (50-100 I¼g/ml). Thus different regulations may exist controlling the cisplatin-induced losses of nucleolar Ku86 and SSRP1. Furthermore, cisplatin treatment activates DNA-PK and the dissociation of SSRP1 from the nucleolus is suppressed by co-treatment of the cells with Wortmannin or the DNA-PK specific inhibitor NU7026 but not by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. The cisplatin-induced dissociation of Ku86 from the nucleolus is not suppressed by co-treatment with Kinase inhibitors. These findings suggest a role for DNA-PK in regulating the exit of the FACT complex from the nucleolus after cisplatin treatment and point toward a putative role for FACT in the cellular response to cisplatin.
Two Rival Theories of Mixed Legal Systems

There seems to be no consensus among comparatists as to the meaning we should give to the expressions "mixed legal system" or "mixed jurisdictions" (they are frequently used interchangeably) but the issues at stake can be put into sharper focus. Unfortunately the classification schemes of mainstream comparative law afford almost no scope to the mixed systems and hardly venture into this subject. There are nevertheless two rival theories as to what these terms actually mean and how they should be applied. They give us different answers to the questions "What is a mixed jurisdiction and who is a mixed-jurisdiction jurist? On the one hand, scholars influenced by legal pluralism often entertain a wide conception of a mixed system. The sole requirement is the presence or interaction of two or more kinds of laws or legal traditions within a system. According to this viewpoint any interaction of laws of a different type or source - indigenous with exogenous, religious with customary - is sufficient to constitute a mixed legal system. This view revolutionizes the legal map offered by mainstream comparative law and leads to important insights that apply to European systems as well, but it has not yet succeeded in putting the resulting proliferation of mixed legal systems into any useful order for the purposes of comparative law. Other scholars on the other hand, particularly those inside classical mixed jurisdictions such as Scotland and Louisiana, have used a restricted and narrower notion of a mixed legal system. For the purposes of research or comparative law theory they have tended to limit this category to private-law systems based upon a core of common law and civil law elements, and other shared features stemming from this mixture. The paper traces the origins of this narrower approach and discusses the benefits of recent research comparing these kinds of jurisdictions. An attempt is made to reconcile the rival theories and to indicate that the classical mixed jurisdictions are a genus of the mixed species, and that the raison d'etre of complex plural systems around the world with various "personal laws" is not that different than the reasons which led to the founding of the classical mixed systems. It is argued that comparative law research in the classic mixed systems is therefore strengthened by plurality consciousness and non-western elements in their legal order should not be ignored, for example in countries such as South Africa and Sri Lanka.
The dopamine transporter is decreased in the striatum of subjects with restless legs syndrome.

Study objectives Prior studies, all using SPECT techniques, failed to find any differences for dopamine transporter (DAT) in restless legs syndrome (RLS) subjects. The distinct pharmacokinetic properties associated with SPECT-determined DAT along with rapid biodynamic changes in DAT may, however, have missed membrane-bound DAT differences. The current studies assessed real-time DAT binding potentials (BP) in striatum of RLS patients using (11)C-methylphenidate and PET techniques. Design RLS medications were stopped at least 11 days prior to the PET study. Clinical severity of RLS was also assessed. PET scans were performed at 2 different times of day (starting at 08:30 and 19:30) in separate groups of subjects. The primary outcome measure was total striatal DAT BP. Participants Thirty-six patients with primary RLS and 34 age- and gender-matched controls. Results RLS subjects had significantly lower DAT binding in the striatum compared to controls on both the Day and the Night scans. DAT was decreased in putamen and caudate but not the ventral striatum of RLS subjects. There were no diurnal differences in DAT for the total group or for control and RLS separately. DAT BP did not correlate with any clinical measures of RLS. Conclusion The current study found a significant decrease in DAT BP in two independent studies. These results when viewed along with prior RLS SPECT and autopsy studies of DAT, and cell culture studies with iron deficiency and DAT, suggest that membrane-bound striatal DAT, but not total cellular DAT, may be decreased in RLS.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic antibiotic-refractory ischemic pouchitis.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to be efficacious in treating various conditions, including perianal Crohn’s disease. Here we present a case of a 59-year-old male with a history of ulcerative colitis, who underwent a total proctocolectomy and two-stage J-pouch construction. He later developed chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis with endoscopic features of ischemia. At the completion of HOBT—a total of 20 sessions of 100% oxygen at 2.5‐3.0 atmospheres absolute for 60‐90 minutes per session—a repeat pouchoscopy showed marked improvement of endoscopic mucosal inflammation. HBOT is known to increase tissue oxygenation, reduce tissue hypoxia, alter inflammatory pathways and promote tissue healing. This case demonstrated the therapeutic role of HBOT as well as the possible disease mechanism in chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis.
Two-Stage Synapsis of DNA Ends during Non-homologous End Joining

Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for genomic stability. The most common DSB repair mechanism in human cells, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), rejoins broken DNA ends by direct ligation. It remains unclear how components of the NHEJ machinery assemble a synaptic complex that bridges DNA ends. Here, we use single-molecule imaging in a vertebrate cell-free extract to show that synapsis of DNA ends occurs in at least two stages that are controlled by different NHEJ factors. DNA ends are initially tethered in a long-range complex whose formation requires the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. The ends are then closely aligned, which requires XLF, a non-catalytic function of XRCC4-LIG4, and DNA-PK activity. These results reveal a structural transition in the synaptic complex that governs alignment of DNA ends. Our approach provides a means of studying physiological DNA DSB repair at single-molecule resolution.
JAK blockade and HTLV

In this issue of Blood , Ju and colleagues report that a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 3 (Jak3) blocks autocrine and paracrine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-9, and IL-15 activation, which is important for lymphocyte proliferation induced by human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV).[1][1] DNA sequence
Aortic root compression during transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement

Objectives To describe the incidence of aortic root compression (ARC) during transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR). Background ARC can occur during balloon sizing of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) or during coronary compression testing (BS/CCT) prior to TPVR, causing aortic valve dysfunction and/or root distortion with or without coronary compression. This has limited the use of TPVR in patients with native RVOTs, including those with a transannular patch (TAP). The characteristics of this patient cohort have not previously been described. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients with congenital heart disease who presented for TPVR at UCLA from 2010 to 2015. ARC characteristics during BS/CCT were noted for all relevant cases. Results Inclusion criteria were met by 174 patients. ARC occurred in 16 patients (9%), of whom 14 had Tetralogy of Fallot with a native/TAP RVOT (14/42, 33%, of all native/TAP patients). Five ARC patients also had concomitant coronary artery compression. Isolated coronary compression occurred in six patients. Two patients underwent successful TPVR despite ARC by implanting the valves in the distal RVOT. One patient required surgical PVR and Sapien valve explantation after TPVR caused severe ARC. Conclusions The majority of cases of ARC occur in patients with native/TAP RVOTs. ARC during BS/CCT may identify those at risk for ARC following TPVR. While ARC is a real phenomenon, it is unclear if it can be accurately predicted, what its clinical significance will be and how it is best avoided. Further studies are necessary to answer these questions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functions and Categories and Universals

I have now considered the ontological correlates of all the various parts of the function ‘fx’ except the functor f. This appears to me to be the most interesting of the symbols used in expressing the function. It is easy enough to see that the ‘x’ in ‘fx’ intends an object of some sort and serves as a proper name. When we replace ‘f’ by constant expressions we are at the heart of the problem as to the nature of what it intends. If ‘f’ is also treated as a symbol to be replaced by proper names, the proper name which ‘f’ intends is of a different nature from that which ‘x’ intends because whatever can replace ‘x’ cannot replace ‘f’ in so far as it remains the sort of name that can replace ‘x.’ This could be taken to signify that those events whose names can be used to replace ‘x’ are of a different nature than those whose names can be used to replace ‘f.’
Overactieve blaas (OAB)

De overactieve blaas (OAB) wordt gedefinieerd als een combinatie van symptomen waarbij ‘urgency’ aanwezig moet zijn met of zonder incontinentie, al dan niet gepaard gaande met ‘frequency en nycturie’. De klachten van OAB spelen zich af tijdens de opslagfase en zijn geassocieerd met een afname van kwaliteit van leven, onzekerheid, constant mictiedrang, schaamte voor incontinentie en een verhoogd risico op achteruitgang van de algehele gezondheid gepaard met slaapgebrek en depressiviteit. Het betreft een groeiend gezondheidsprobleem, de prevalentie neemt namelijk toe met het ouder worden. Aanbod in dit hoofdstuk komen de anatomie, normale functie van de lage urinewegen tijdens de opslagfase, pathofysiologie, differentiaaldiagnostiek, relevante aspecten van de anamnese, lichamelijk onderzoek, aanvullende onderzoeken en behandelingsmogelijkheden. Doel van behandelingen volgens het ‘step-up’ principe is het verbeteren van kwaliteit van het leven, al dan niet met behoud van originele structuur en functie van de lage urinewegen.
Use of Microcosms for Evaluation of Toxic Substances

Microcosms are designed to help understand certain ecosystem processes, rather than to replicate functional ecosystems. The rationale for their use is that they provide information (e.g. on the behaviour of toxic substances) at the process level. The microcosm is not an undisturbed natural system, but retention of critical subsystems enables it to be used as a simulation of nature. The major problems which have been encountered in the use of microcosms concern replicability (precision); in general, the larger or more complex the system, the greater its value for the maintenance of reality, but the poorer its reproducibility. Several points should be considered when applying the microcosm as a tool in toxicology: (1) a hypothesis should be tested; (2) the experiment must be realistic; although (3) pragmatically the design is a simulation,not a reproduction of an ecosystem; (4) testing should be at the process level; and (5) reproducibility should be demonstrated. Examples are presented of complex microcosms which have given reproducible results. It is recommended that microcosms are useful research tools when used in conjunction with other approaches (bench top experiments and field observations).
Increased access to transplantation of highly sensitized patients under the new kidney allocation system. A single center experience

Abstract We aimed to investigate the impact of the new kidney allocation system (KAS) on the rate of transplantation of sensitized patients at our center. Pre-KAS and post-KAS intervals were Jan 1st to Dec 3rd 2014 and Jan 1st 2015 to Dec 3rd 2015, respectively. The number of deceased-donor crossmatches performed by flow cytometry increased from 715 pre-KAS to 1188 post-KAS. The percent of crossmatches performed for sensitized patients with calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) > 0% increased from 19% pre-KAS to 26% post-KAS (p 98%, from 0% to 9%, followed by the group with cPRA 50–79%, from 5% to 8%. This increase was balanced by a decrease of 12% in the percentage of non-sensitized recipients, and a modest decrease of 1% in the group with cPRA 1–49%. In conclusion, transplant rate has increased in sensitized patients after KAS. The highest increase was observed among highly sensitized patients (cPRA > 98%).
Abstract 1394: CD44 isoform expression illuminates multiple CSC subpopulations in PC3

The concept of the cancer stem cell (CSC) is neither new nor without controversy. It is important to study these cells since they are often hypothesized to be androgen insensitive and resistant to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, finding reliable markers for identifying and targeting these cells has become increasingly attractive. The hyaluronic acid receptor, CD44, is associated with a wide variety of cell types, including CSCs. CD44 has many different isoforms which can be categorized as belonging to one of two groups; one expressing different combinations of 10 variant extracellular exons (CD44v), and the other only expressing standard exons found in all isoforms, but none of the 10 variant exons (CD44s). CD44s is typically associated with the mesenchymal stem cell niche, while the various CD44v forms are related to hematopoietic stem cells and increased cell adhesion. However, both CD44s and CD44v have been linked to the CSC niche and cancer progression. Similar to CD44, the aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) superfamily expression is also associated with CSCs and cancer progression. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that epithelial cancer cells undergo an EMT upon exposure to M2 macrophages. In order to obtain a purely epithelial PCa population, our laboratory isolated a single cell clone of PC3 that had high E-cadherin expression, denoted PC3-Epi. PC3-Epi cells were then incubated with M2 macrophages, which caused a stable EMT to occur after only a few days in culture, denoted PC3-EMT. Our finding demonstrate that these PC3 clones exhibit numerous CSC characteristics, such as high ALDH activity, CD44 expression and cell plasticity. FACS analysis of CD44 isoform expression show distinct CSC subpopulations within these PC3-Epi and PC3-EMT cell types. These subpopulations showed the ability to recapitulate the presorted parental population after being returned to culture. This data suggests not only that the PC3 cell line displays numerous CSC characteristics, but also that distinct CSC subpopulations may exist. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: James R. Hernandez, Steven M. Mooney, Gonzalo Torga, James E. Verdone, Kenneth J. Pienta. CD44 isoform expression illuminates multiple CSC subpopulations in PC3. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1394. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1394
Exploring Factors Influencing Perceived Quality on Sportswear Fabric

We examine how hedonic and utilitarian motivations have impact on emotions, and in turn, influence perceived quality from Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) perspectives. Previous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of different factors on quality of fabrics by considering product related attributes (such as fabric types, touch feelings, price, etc.) and individual characteristics (such as personality) (McCann et al., 2005). They have counted the functional aspects of fabrics but have not convincingly answered how psychological attributes influence consumers’ perceptions about the quality of fabrics; practitioners need this vital information to better understand and conduct business around how consumers formulate their perceptions. For example, our findings can guide emotional design in sportswear fabrics (Hassenzahl, 2006). Also, we develop a more sophisticated theory that investigates what psychological constructs need to be considered. We, therefore, provide initial contributions that are both relevant to practitioners and rigorous to researchers.
Multicolumn RBF Network

This paper proposes the multicolumn RBF network (MCRN) as a method to improve the accuracy and speed of a traditional radial basis function network (RBFN). The RBFN, as a fully connected artificial neural network (ANN), suffers from costly kernel inner-product calculations due to the use of many instances as the centers of hidden units. This issue is not critical for small datasets, as adding more hidden units will not burden the computation time. However, for larger datasets, the RBFN requires many hidden units with several kernel computations to generalize the problem. The MCRN mechanism is constructed based on dividing a dataset into smaller subsets using the k-d tree algorithm. $N$ resultant subsets are considered as separate training datasets to train $N$ individual RBFNs. Those small RBFNs are stacked in parallel and bulged into the MCRN structure during testing. The MCRN is considered as a well-developed and easy-to-use parallel structure, because each individual ANN has been trained on its own subsets and is completely separate from the other ANNs. This parallelized structure reduces the testing time compared with that of a single but larger RBFN, which cannot be easily parallelized due to its fully connected structure. Small informative subsets provide the MCRN with a regional experience to specify the problem instead of generalizing it. The MCRN has been tested on many benchmark datasets and has shown better accuracy and great improvements in training and testing times compared with a single RBFN. The MCRN also shows good results compared with those of some machine learning techniques, such as the support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors.
Consequence of sequential trade interventions: Evidence from the U.S. coated paper products

Abstract Up to 40% of the total consumption of coated paper products in the United States has been met by imports in recent years. To protect domestic industry, two sequential antidumping and countervailing investigations against several major supplying countries (e.g., China) were conducted in 2006 and 2009. In this study, the effectiveness of these trade interventions is evaluated with the almost ideal demand system and cointegration techniques. Three types of trade effects are found through the analysis: trade investigation effect during the 15-month investigation process, trade depression effect on targeted countries subject to duty collection, and positive trade diversion effect on non-targeted suppliers. Imports from China and Indonesia have been suppressed since the duties were levied in 2010. However, other suppliers (i.e., Korea and Germany) have filled the market gap and gained a larger market share over time. The findings reveal that market competition in a specific sector has become more complicated within the increasingly globalized world economy, and sequential trade interventions can generate unpredictable results.
Introduction to the special focus issue on the impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and function and future opportunities for nutritional modulation of the gut microbiome to improve human health.

Over the past decade, application of culture-independent, next generation DNA sequencing has dramatically enhanced our understanding of the composition of the gut microbiome and its association wit...
Intent recognition of torso motion using wavelet transform feature extraction and linear discriminant analysis ensemble classification

Abstract In this paper, a multi-sensor, multi-classifier approach for intent recognition of human torso motion is presented. A linear discriminant analysis based classifier is used, and the extraction of time-frequency domain features through the use of the wavelet transform is discussed. In addition, a weighted multi-classifier combination method for combining outputs of multiple classifiers into a single coherent output is implemented. The approach was evaluated on physiological data collected from three human participants. Results show up to 97% accuracy in classifying flexion and extension motions of the torso.
Queues with Impatient Customers

Consider the following queueing scenario: Customers arrive one-at-a-time to a single server and are served in a first-come–first-served sequence (FIFO). However, customers are impatient in that if they have not completed service by a fixed time, say m, they leave the system. There is an obvious analogy with the perishable inventory problem. Identify the queue with the on hand inventory, completion of service with occurrences of demand, and the impatience time with the lifetime of the product. Hence, it is possible that such queueing models could be useful for describing some types of perishable inventory systems.
Prehistoric mitochondrial DNA of domesticate animals supports a 13th century exodus from the northern US southwest

The 13th century Puebloan depopulation of the Four Corners region of the US Southwest is an iconic episode in world prehistory. Studies of its causes, as well as its consequences, have a bearing not only on archaeological method and theory, but also social responses to climate change, the sociology of social movements, and contemporary patterns of cultural diversity. Previous research has debated the demographic scale, destinations, and impacts of Four Corners migrants. Much of this uncertainty stems from the substantial differences in material culture between the Four Corners vs. hypothesized destination areas. Comparable biological evidence has been difficult to obtain due to the complete departure of farmers from the Four Corners in the 13th century CE and restrictions on sampling human remains. As an alternative, patterns of genetic variation among domesticated species were used to address the role of migration in this collapse. We collected mitochondrial haplotypic data from dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) remains from archaeological sites in the most densely-populated portion of the Four Corners region, and the most commonly proposed destination area for that population under migration scenarios. Results are consistent with a large-scale migration of humans, accompanied by their domestic turkeys, during the 13th century CE. These results support scenarios that suggest contemporary Pueblo peoples of the Northern Rio Grande are biological and cultural descendants of Four Corners populations.
Debt, death, and divorce: aging into foreclosure in the U.S. Deep South

Older homeowners have faced financial pressures since the Great Recession of 2007–2011, including from mortgages that are carried into retirement. In order to chart the postrecession impact of hous...
Catheter-directed thrombolysis of deep vein thrombosis: literature review and practice considerations

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major health problem worldwide. The risk of pulmonary embolism following DVT is well established, but the long-term vascular sequelae of DVT are often underappreciated, costly to manage, and can have extremely detrimental effects on quality of life. Treatment of DVT classically involves oral anticoagulation, which reduces the risk of pulmonary embolism but does not remove the clot. Anticoagulation therefore does little to prevent the venous damage and scarring that occurs following DVT, leaving the patient at risk for permanent venous insufficiency and development of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is a minimally invasive endovascular treatment that is used as an adjunct to anticoagulation. CDT lowers the risk of PTS by reducing clot burden and protecting against valvular damage. A catheter is advanced directly to the site of thrombosis under fluoroscopy followed by a slow, prolonged infusion of a relatively low dose of thrombolytic agent. CDT restores venous patency faster than anticoagulation, which hastens the relief of acute symptoms. Adjunctive CDT modalities have become increasingly popular among interventional radiologists, allowing for additional mechanical thrombectomy or ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis at the time of catheter placement. These pharmacomechanical CDT (PCDT) techniques have the potential to reduce treatment time and associated healthcare costs. Numerous observational and retrospective studies have consistently shown a benefit of CDT plus anticoagulation over anticoagulation alone for prevention of PTS. Patients with long life expectancy and acute thrombosis involving the iliac and proximal femoral veins (iliofemoral DVT) have the greatest benefit from CDT, which may decrease the risk of PTS and/or decrease the severity of PTS symptoms if they do occur. Randomized controlled trials remain limited but generally support the observational data. CDT also plays an important role in those with acute limb-threatening venous occlusion or severe symptoms from DVT. Although adverse outcomes are rare, a potential devastating outcome is intracranial bleeding. While the available literature suggests the risk of serious morbidity from bleeding is quite rare, the absolute risk of bleeding is not clear and will require outcomes data from randomized trials. Future studies should also examine the cost-effectiveness of CDT for PTS prevention, particularly with respect to quality-adjusted life years, and compare the effectiveness of available PCDT devices.
A Blueprint for Intradisciplinary Integration

Although much has been written about interdisciplinary integration—integrating the two broad disciplines of psychology and theology—little has been written about exactly how to do intradisciplinary...
Quantitative Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Identifies Proteoforms Differentially Released during Mechanical Stimulation of Mouse Skin.

Mechanotransduction refers to the processes whereby mechanical stimuli are converted into electrochemical signals that allow for the sensation of our surrounding environment through touch. Despite its fundamental role in our daily lives, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mechanotransduction are not yet well-defined. Previous data suggest that keratinocytes may release factors that activate or modulate cutaneous sensory neuron terminals, including small molecules, lipids, peptides, proteins, and oligosaccharides. This study presents a first step toward identifying soluble mediators of keratinocyte-sensory neuron communication by evaluating the potential for top-down mass spectrometry to identify proteoforms released during 1 min of mechanical stimulation of mouse skin from naive animals. Overall, this study identified 47 proteoforms in the secretome of mouse hind paw skin, of which 14 were differentially released during mechanical stimulation, and includes proteins with known and previously unknown relevance to mechanotransduction. Finally, this study outlines a bioinformatic workflow that merges output from two complementary analysis platforms for top-down data and demonstrates the utility of this workflow for integrating quantitative and qualitative data.
Loneliness in Childhood: Toward the Next Generation of Assessment and Research

Loneliness is a sad, even painful emotional experience that is thought to result from deficiencies in the quantity or quality of one's social relationships. Assessments of loneliness have evolved to typically include diverse item content that assesses the causes of loneliness as well as the emotional experience of loneliness itself. This embedding of hypothesized causes in the assessment of loneliness creates pervasive problems in drawing valid conclusions from empirical research on loneliness. In this chapter, we review major historical and contemporary perspectives on loneliness and then describe how widely used assessments have led to the development of a literature in which key questions about the causes of loneliness, the influence of gender on the experience of loneliness, and the developmental course of loneliness remain unanswered. We argue for the use of loneliness assessments that focus purely on the emotional experience of loneliness without including hypothesized causes.
Contexts of Interpretation in the Burdens of Middle English Carols

A carol's burden, arguably the distinguishing feature of the genre, opens the song and is repeated after each stanza. In the performance of the ring dance associated with the carol, the burden designates the time for movement by the entire group. The burden's role beyond its function in this dance has often been underestimated because of the genre's associations with popular rather than literary traditions. The burden's persistence after the dance was no longer performed, however, indicates that the burdens created meaning in significant ways beyond this performance context. Refrains in a number of related Romance language poetic traditions have often been shown to comment on stanzas in meaningful ways. Close examination of the cluster of carols categorized by Richard Greene as "Amorous Carols" suggests that the form itself was potentially very expressive and that the burden very often could help determine the context in which the stanzas are to be understood – precisely because of, and not in spite of, its popular origins.
Radiologic Imaging of Lung Cancer

Recent advances in technology like faster, high resolution CT scanners, new data in lung cancer screening combined with many changes in the classification, staging and novel therapies for lung cancer are redefining the role imaging plays in detection, staging and management of the disease. This chapter describes the utility and limitations of the different radiological modalities in various stages of the disease. Since it is the mainstay in lung cancer management emphasis is placed on the application of CT imaging. PET-CT has been discussed separately in this volume.
THE NATURE OF CONSTRAINTS ON THE NONDOMINANT HAND IN ASL

Publisher Summary The model of harmonic phonology introduced in Goldsmith uses licensing as a cover term for what has earlier been treated as distinct phenomena, namely, the obligatory contour principle (OCP), syllable structure constraints (positive and negative), and phonological rules of neutralization. This chapter discusses some of the problems inherent in collapsing these phenomena. It discusses how the notion of licensing is not particularly illuminating in the case of ASL syllable structure and constraints on the nondominant hand. The limitation of feature specifications within the morpheme or syllable can be related to a general version of the OCP. The inability of nondominant hand (H2) to have distinct feature specifications from dominant hand within double-dez signs is straightforwardly characterized by a dependency relationship within the segment. The chapter also discusses limitations on H2 handshape in signs where H2 serves as a location seem best treated within emerging models of markedness and under-specification.
Real-time simulation of herds moving over terrain

We present a method for animating herds of animals to follow terrain surfaces in real time. This method involves making modifications to Reynold's boids algorithm. The modifications use local properties of the terrain and thus have low complexity. They produce naturally behaving herds that follow the terrain, swerving around hills and attempting to reduce energy expenditure. The terrain-following rule has a parameter that can be adjusted to produce different behaviors. Empirical analysis shows how this parameter affects energy expenditure of the animals while traveling over the terrain. See demo: http://consystlab.unl.edu/our_work/herds.html
DecouplingEffects of Surface Recombination and Barrier Height on p‑Si(111)Photovoltage in Semiconductor|Liquid Junctions via Molecular Dipolesand Metal Oxides

This work provides insight into carrier dynamics in a model photoelectrochemical system comprised of a semiconductor, metal oxide, and metal. To isolate carrier dynamics from catalysis, a common ca...
Examining processing speed as a predictor of subjective well-being across age and time in the German Aging Survey.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between cognition, measured via the Digit Symbol Substitution Task, and subjective well-being (measured using the Satisfaction with ...
Health Care in the Age of Interoperability: Part 4

About this series This is the fourth in a series of articles on the dramatic transformation taking place in health informatics in large part because of the new Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. The first article provided background on healthcare, electronic health record systems for physicians, and the challenges they both face along with the potential of interoperability to help overcome them. The second introduced the basics of the FHIR standard and some suggested resources for those who are interested in its further exploration. The third introduced SMART on FHIR, which, based on its wide adoption, has become the default standard FHIR app platform. This article introduces clinical decision support as an important use case for FHIR in support of health care providers. The articles in this series are intended to introduce researchers from other fields to this one and assume no prior knowledge of health care or health informatics. They are abstracted from the author’s recently published book, Health Informatics on FHIR: How HL7’s New API is Transforming Healthcare (Springer International Publishing: https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319934136 ).
Compression of Deep Neural Networks by Combining Pruning and Low Rank Decomposition

Large number of weights in deep neural networks make the models difficult to be deployed in low memory environments such as, mobile phones, IOT edge devices as well as "inferencing as a service" environments on the cloud. Prior work has considered reduction in the size of the models, through compression techniques like weight pruning, filter pruning, etc. or through low-rank decomposition of the convolution layers. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of multiple techniques to achieve not only higher model compression but also reduce the compute resources required during inferencing. We do filter pruning followed by low-rank decomposition using Tucker decomposition for model compression. We show that our approach achieves up to 57% higher model compression when compared to either Tucker Decomposition or Filter pruning alone at similar accuracy for GoogleNet. Also, it reduces the Flops by up to 48% thereby making the inferencing faster.
Adrenergic Polymorphisms and Survival in African Americans With Heart Failure: Results From A-HeFT.

ABSTRACT Background Polymorphisms in adrenergic signaling affect the molecular function of adrenergic receptors and related proteins. The β1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) Arg389Gly, G-protein receptor kinase type 5 (GRK5) Gln41Leu, G-protein β-3 subunit (GNB3) 825 C/T, and α2c deletion affect adrenergic tone, impact heart failure outcomes and differ in prevalence by ethnicity. Their combined effect within black cohorts remains unknown. Methods and Results We analyzed subjects from the African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) by assessing event-free survival, quality of life, and gene coinheritance. Significant coinheritance effects on survival included GRK5 Leu41 among subjects co-inheriting GNB3 825 C alleles (n = 166, 90.4% vs 69.0%, P Conclusions Polymorphisms in adrenergic signaling affects outcomes in black subjects with heart failure. Coinheritance patterns in genetic variation may help determine heart failure survival.
Divine, interpersonal and self-forgiveness: Independently related to depressive symptoms?

Interpersonal forgiveness, self-forgiveness and divine forgiveness have all been related to depressive symptoms. But does each type of forgiveness account for unique variance in depression? Two stu...
Utilization of Palliative Care for Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: A 15‐Year National Perspective on Trends, Disparities, Predictors, and Outcomes

Background This study sought to evaluate the 15‐year national utilization, trends, predictors, disparities, and outcomes of palliative care services (PCS) use in cardiogenic shock complicating acut...
Hybrid Beamforming in Massive-MIMO mmWave Systems Using LU Decomposition

Beamforming is considered as one of the most important enabling techniques for millimeter wave (mmWave) with massive multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) communications systems. Fully digital beamforming has been proven to be infeasible from the hardware point of view. Analog Beamforming, on the other hand, can not achieve as good spectral efficiency as required for the high throughput applications expected for the next generation of wireless communications. So, the hybrid beamforming, as a combination of digital baseband and analog RF phase shifters, has been considered the common sense when designing beamforming systems. Achieving a performance that is close to the fully digital beamformers has been the goal of many studies recently. In this paper, we suggest a simple, yet effective way of designing the digital and analog parts of the beamformers by decomposing the Fully digital optimal beamforming matrix into two matrices for the digital and the analog parts of the hybrid beamformer using the matrix factorization method called LU-Decomposition. Then we test the results to make sure they obey the hardware limitations of the system. Our results shows that it is possible to build a very efficient hybrid beamformer with such simple method and to get as close performance to the fully digital one as possible.
The impact of emotional intelligence in the military workplace

Armed forces are expected to support operations domestically and internationally. To perform their assigned duties, optimal preparation to participate in today’s complex security environment and in...
Atlas-based liver segmentation for nonhuman primate research.

Certain viral infectious diseases cause systemic damage and the liver is an important organ affected directly by the virus and/or the hosts’ response to the virus. Medical imaging indicates that the liver damage is heterogenous, and therefore, quantification of these changes requires analysis of the entire organ. Delineating the liver in preclinical imaging studies is a time-consuming and difficult task that would benefit from automated liver segmentation. A nonhuman primate atlas-based liver segmentation method was developed to support quantitative image analysis of preclinical research. A set of 82 computed tomography (CT) scans of nonhuman primates with associated manual contours delineating the liver was generated from normal and abnormal livers. The proposed technique uses rigid and deformable registrations, a majority vote algorithm, and image post-processing operations to automate the liver segmentation process. This technique was evaluated using Dice similarity, Hausdorff distance measures, and Bland–Altman plots. Automated segmentation results compare favorably with manual contouring, achieving a median Dice score of 0.91. Limits of agreement from Bland–Altman plots indicate that liver changes of 3 Hounsfield units (CT) and 0.4 SUVmean (positron emission tomography) are detectable using our automated method of segmentation, which are substantially less than changes observed in the host response to these viral infectious diseases. The proposed atlas-based liver segmentation technique is generalizable to various sizes and species of nonhuman primates and facilitates preclinical infectious disease research studies. While the image analysis software used is commercially available and facilities with funding can access the software to perform similar nonhuman primate liver quantitative analyses, the approach can be implemented in open-source frameworks as there is nothing proprietary about these methods.
Unproductive entrepreneurship in US military contracting

Purpose – US military contracting has been plagued by systematic corruption, fraud, and waste during both times of peace and war. These outcomes result from the inherent features of the US military sector which incentivize unproductive entrepreneurship. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on the insights of Baumol (1990) as their base theoretical framework, the authors explore how the industrial organization of the US military sector creates incentives for unproductive entrepreneurship. Evidence from US government reports regarding US efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq is provided to illustrate the central claims. Findings – The military sector is characterized by an entangled network of government bureaus and private firms whose existence is dependent on continued government spending. These realities, coupled with a dysfunctional procurement processes, reward unproductive behaviors during peacetime. During wartime these incentives are intensified, as significant emergency resources are injected into an already defective contracting system. The recent experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq illustrate these dynamics. Originality/value – The authors make three main contributions. First, contrary to common treatments by economists, much military spending fails to meet the definition of a public good. Second, waste, fraud, and abuse in military contracting is a result of rules and the incentives those rules create. Third, the only way to change the situation is to change the overarching rules governing the people operating in the military sector.
Lipocalin 2 mediates appetite suppression during pancreatic cancer cachexia.

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was recently identified as an endogenous ligand of the type 4 melanocortin receptor (MC4R), a critical regulator of appetite. However, it remains unknown if this molecule influences appetite during cancer cachexia, a devastating clinical entity characterized by decreased nutrition and progressive wasting. We demonstrate that LCN2 is robustly upregulated in murine models of pancreatic cancer, its expression is associated with reduced food consumption, and Lcn2 deletion is protective from cachexia-anorexia. Consistent with LCN2’s proposed MC4R-dependent role in cancer-induced anorexia, pharmacologic MC4R antagonism mitigates cachexia-anorexia, while restoration of Lcn2 expression in the bone marrow is sufficient in restoring the anorexia feature of cachexia. Finally, we observe that LCN2 levels correlate with fat and lean mass wasting and is associated with increased mortality in patients with pancreatic cancer. Taken together, these findings implicate LCN2 as a pathologic mediator of appetite suppression during pancreatic cancer cachexia. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) has been recently identified as an endogenous regulator of appetite. Here, using pancreatic cancer as a model of cachexia, the authors demonstrate that LCN2 is a critical mediator of cancer-associated anorexia and may be therapeutically targeted to improve patient outcomes.