cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amounts of Sour Colostrum for Growth and Health of Calves

Abstract Forty-two Holstein calves were fed one of three liquid diets once daily from birth until weaning at 4 wk to examine the performance of calves fed sour colostrum in two amounts during autumn and winter. Diets were: (1) 3.64kg whole milk, (2) 2.73kg sour colostrum plus .91kg water, and (3) 1.82kg sour colostrum plus 1.82kg water. The 2.73kg sour colostrum provided a similar amount of total solids to the 3.64kg whole milk. Colostrum was collected for the first six milkings, allowed to ferment naturally, and stored for an average of 12 days prior to feeding. Calves fed whole milk and 2.73kg colostrum gained more weight than calves fed 1.82kg colostrum for 4 wk. After weaning, growth was not different. Calves fed 1.82kg colostrum consumed more pelleted ration than calves fed whole milk. Three calves died after weaning on the 1.82kg colostrum diet which may be related to an insufficient intake of nutrients. Incidence of scours was low and not different between diets. Calves fed 2.73kg sour colostrum once daily performed similar to calves fed 3.64kg whole milk, and 1.82kg sour colostrum was inadequate for satisfactory growth and health.
Unprotected carotid artery stenting in modern practice.

Background & Purpose Embolic protection devices (EPD) may provide a mechanism to reduce peri-procedural strokes. They are advocated by consensus guidelines and mandated for Medicare reimbursement. However, outcomes data remain mixed. We aimed to characterize the population of patients undergoing unprotected carotid artery stenting (CAS) and assess the utility of distal filter EPD (F-EPD) in elective CAS. Methods We analyzed patients enrolled in the CARE Registry® undergoing CAS between May, 2005 and January, 2012. We assessed the relationship between distal F-EPD use versus no use (No-EPD) and the composite of in-hospital death or stroke (MAE) in unadjusted and 1:3 propensity-matched analyses. Results Embolic protection was not attempted in a total of 579 out of 13,263 cases performed (4.4%). Patients in the No-EPD group had worse preprocedure neurologic risk factors including higher rates of acute evolving stroke, prior TIA/stroke, symptomatic lesion status, spontaneous carotid artery dissection, and use of general anesthesia intraprocedurally (all Standardized Differences{sd} >10). After exclusion of nonelective cases there was no significant difference in MAE between the No-EPD and F-EPD groups (1.6% vs. 2.3%, sd = 4.72). Additionally, after propensity matching, rates of MAE did not differ between the No-EPD (n = 355) and F-EPD (n = 1065) groups (1.7% vs. 2.5%, sd = 5.87). Conclusions Patients selected to undergo unprotected CAS in contemporary practice have high rates of adverse preprocedure neurologic risk factors. Our propensity-matched analysis did not demonstrate evidence of significant benefit or harm associated with use of F-EPD in elective CAS patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Simple Estimate of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Children Derived From Body Length and Plasma Creatinine

Based on statistical analysis of data in 186 children, a formula was derived which allows accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from plasma creatinine and body lenght (GFR(ml/min/1.73 sq m) = 0.55 length (cm)/Per (mg/dl). Its application to clearance data in a separate group of 223 children reveals excellent agreement with GFR estimated by the Ccr (r = .935) or Cin (r = .905). This formula should be useful for adjusting dosages of drugs excreted by the kidney and detecting significant changes in renal function.
Implicit Theories and Context in Personal Recollection: Romanians' Recall of their Political and Economic Past

Ross argued that people employ implicit theories of stability and change as they remember previously held attitudes or prior states of affairs. He acknowledged that the application of these theories is conditional, but does not explore what these conditions might be. We examine here whether implicit theories are context-sensitive, that is, whether implicit theories that apply when present and past contexts are similar also apply when the present and past contexts differ. The issue is explored by looking at Romanians' memory for previously held political opinions and prior prices for common and uncommon products. The results suggest that memory for prices is sensitive to changes in the political – economic environment, but memory for political opinions is not. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene therapy for neurological disorders

Abstract It is very likely that genetic therapies will soon be established for a number of diseases and injuries of the central nervous system. The targets for these therapies will not only be the underlying causative genes, but also neurotrophic factors that affects the survival and function of neurons as well as aberrant secondary metabolic and neurotransmitter functions.
Helmet-mounted displays on the next battlefield: a perspective on HMD reliability and mantainability

The United States Army introduced Helmet Mounted Displays (HMD) into its weapon inventory over fifteen years ago with the fielding of the AH-64 Attack Helicopter. To date the Integrated Helmet and Display Sight System (IHADSS) is still the only fielded HMD in the Army inventory. The HMD contractor community can expect the Army to increase the utility of HMDs in the next decade on a variety of weapon platforms. This is evident through such development programs as Land Warrior and Comanche, and advanced developments such as Air Warrior, Mounted Warrior, and the Driver Vehicle Enhancement Program. Should these programs continue to mature into production, we can expect to see HMD technology proliferate on several more solider, vehicle and aircraft platforms. The U.S. Army is setting in motion a massive force restructuring under Force XXI and Army After Next doctrines. These force structures of the future call out for significantly increased reliability requirements in new technology material acquisition, and methods for how these technologies are sustained on the battlefield. HMD contractors, along with the rest of the defense industry, will be directly impacted by these revolutionary requirements. The changes forthcoming bring challenges and new opportunities both in the laboratory and through the logistical support contractors are expected provide. This paper identifies some of the challenges HMD contractors will face as the Army moves forward to integrate HMDs on a multitude of legacy and newly developed weapon platforms. It sets the stage with a summary of events that occurred in 1990 when Honeywell was tasked by the Army to support IHADSS repair during Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. It then examines some of the future changes we as contractors can expect from the Army in future material development and product support.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tratamento com estatina no diabético tipo 2

Resumo Introducao e objetivos A diabetes tipo 2 esta associada a fatores de risco cardiovasculares, como a dislipidemia, que agravam o seu risco e aumentam a sua morbimortalidade, sendo importante o controlo destes fatores. Existe evidencia de que o tratamento antidislipidemico diminui a morbimortalidade nos diabeticos com doenca cardiovascular, mas esta nao parece ser tao consistente naqueles sem doenca cardiovascular. Este trabalho pretende rever a evidencia do beneficio das estatinas nos diabeticos tipo 2. Metodologia Pesquisa de normas de orientacao clinica, revisoes sistematicas, meta-analises e ensaios clinicos, nas linguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa, publicados entre janeiro de 2007 e maio de 2012. Utilizaram-se os MeSH «diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias and therapeutics». Resultados Foram incluidas para analise 7 normas de orientacao clinica baseadas em 4 meta-analises e 9 ensaios clinicos randomizados. Nos diabeticos com doenca cardiovascular e nos sem doenca cardiovascular com mais de 40 anos e pelo menos um fator de risco cardiovascular ha provas do beneficio das estatinas por diminuicao da morbimortalidade. O valor alvo de LDL para diabeticos de muito alto risco devera ser 70 mg/dl e, nos restantes, parece nao ser necessario atingir um valor tao baixo, definindo-se 100 mg/dl. As orientacoes para diabeticos com menos de 40 anos e/ou sem fatores de risco sao baseadas em consenso. Discussao A reducao da morbimortalidade pelas estatinas e indiscutivel nos diabeticos tipo 2 com doenca cardiovascular. Nos diabeticos tipo 2 sem doenca cardiovascular sao necessarios estudos nos individuos de baixo risco, podendo nestes ser util a avaliacao do risco cardiovascular para distinguir o possivel beneficio do tratamento e compara-lo com os efeitos laterais, custos ou outros maleficios para o doente. Ao contrario do que e definido na norma n.°19/2011 da Direcao Geral de Saude, podera nao ser necessario atingir um valor de LDL tao baixo em todos os diabeticos tipo 2.
Sex in the City of God: Free Love and the American Millennium

In 1873, before an audience of the tenth annual American Association of Spiritualists, Victoria Woodhull told her listeners to prepare for the day when their daughters would be dating the dead. The lecture, “The Elixir of Life,” brought together two of Woodhull’s primary concerns—Spiritualism and the free love movement—in a metanarrative that is parallel to the thesis of her speech: heaven and earth are about to be literally combined, ushering in a curious and quixotic millennium. She argued that death is caused by disease and that disease is caused by bad sex; eliminating bad sex will eliminate disease, which in turn will eliminate death itself. With death vanquished, the spirits of the dead will return to earth, where all will enjoy eternity in a utopia free from the scourges of illness and all manner of social ills. Against the backdrop of American Spiritualism, Woodhull would tell an extraordinary story in which spiritual advancement healed the body and bodily freedom advanced the spirit. This millennial vision centered on the perfectability of the human body at the intersection of the discourses of medicine, politics, and religion. Woodhull’s utopia would be ushered in by society’s embracing of the principles of free love, the reform movement that espoused that emotional and physical romantic relations should be governed by mutual love alone without interference from legal or religious authority. Woodhull defied both normative Christianity and the mainstream of Spiritualist believers by refusing to subordinate the body to the soul. Arguing for a natural immortality of the body, she maintained an essential union and inter-reliance of the body and soul rather than a disjuncture between them. Born Victoria Claflin in 1838, and ironically named for the queen who would come to represent all that was repressive in the nineteenth century, Woodhull led, by all accounts, an extraordinary life. Beautiful and high-spirited, Woodhull was the daughter of a devout but somewhat mad woman and a one-eyed con man from the very wrong side
Positive effect of predators on prey growth rate through induced modifications of prey behaviour

Many prey modify behaviour in response to predation risk and this modification frequently leads to a foraging rate reduction. Although this reduction can have a clear direct negative effect on prey growth rate, theory predicts that a net positive effect can occur when the combined reduction in foraging by the entire population leads to a large increase in resource level. Here, I present experimental results that corroborate this counterintuitive prediction: the predation threat of ‘nonlethal’ caged larval dragonflies (Anax longipes) caused a net increase in small bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) growth. A behavioural response (i.e. a reduction in activity level and microhabitat usage) was likely to have negatively affected growth, but was offset by a positive effect on growth from a large increase in resource levels (measured using a bioassay). Further, the positive Anax effect was dependent on nutrient level, illustrating the role of the resource response magnitude. Results of this study are discussed in the context of studies in which Anax had the opposite (i.e. negative) effect on tadpole growth. Predator-induced modifications in prey behaviour can have large negative or positive effects on prey growth, the sign and magnitude of which are dependent on relative species density and resource dynamics.
Input-output robust tracking control design for flexible joint robots

This paper presents the first input-output robust control design for the trajectory following problem of a flexible-joint robot manipulator. The proposed design provides a class of controllers which only require position and velocity feedback and ensure global stability. The resulting stability is that the tracking error can be made to be smaller than a design parameter arbitrarily chosen by the designer. The proposed control is robust since it guarantees tracking performance in the presence of high-order nonlinear uncertainties including unknown joint elasticity, unknown parameters, load variation, and disturbances. Practically, it is more important that no measurement on acceleration, jerk, or position and velocity deformation is required. >
The conundrum of prediction.

The study by Hack et al1 in this issue of Pediatrics underscores the complexities inherent in prediction of developmental outcome. More specifically, in this study many children who scored >2 SDs below average on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II)2 at 20 months' corrected age subsequently did better on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)3 given at 8 years. Greater stability in scores was found in those children with Mental Developmental Index (MDI) scores of 70 also did well on the later assessment. As a result, high negative predictive values, but low positive predictive values, were found. There are numerous advantages to the study: large sample size, consideration of environmental and biomedical variables, long-term serial evaluation, analyses with and without … Reprint requests to (G.P.A.) Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19658, Springfield, IL 62794-9658. E-mail: gaylward{at}siumed.edu
The 5'region of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene confers pH sensitivity to chimeric genes expressed in renal and liver cell lines capable of expressing PEPCK.

Abstract The 5′ flanking regions of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene were used to form chimeric gene constructs with the human growth hormone gene. These constructs were transfected into several renal and one liver cell line and the production of growth hormone (HGH) measured by immunoassay. Cyclic-AMP and glucocorticoid responsiveness of HGH production was observed in all cell lines. In two lines, the rat NRK52E renal epithelial line and the rat H4IIE hepatoma cell line, both capable of expressing PEPCK, lowering extracellular pH increased HGH production several fold. Comparison of hormone and pH effect on cells transfected with a thymidine kinase promoter-HGH chimera indicated that the PEPCK 5′ flanking region effects were specific. Thus, part of the pH responsiveness of the PEPCK gene in vivo may be attributed to properties of the 5′ flanking regions.
Maximum-likelihood x-ray computed-tomography finite-beamwidth considerations

The underlying model and iterative image-reconstruction algorithm, based on maximum-likelihood estimation, is extended to consider finite x-ray beam width. Simulations are presented by maximum-likelihood images compared with filtered-backprojection images. The main conclusion of this study is that it is feasible to obtain a marked improvement in image clarity and reduction of artifacts: (1) There is an improvement in delineation of the boundaries of low-contrast soft-tissue substructures. There is an improvement in the capability of identifying at least one of the low-contrast soft-tissue substructures. (2) The algorithm is capable of reconstructing onto a discrete array of finer resolution, again with better delineation of substructures than the filtered-backprojection algorithm. (3) Maximum-likelihood images at an atypically low photon flux level are, at the very least, comparable in image quality to filtered-backprojection images at a much higher and more typical photon flux level. These observations imply that the diagnostic capability of x-ray computed tomography may be improved to a broader range of otherwise adverse conditions. It may be capable of much better visualization of soft-tissue regions that reside near dense regions (such as bone or metal prostheses), of visualizing finer spatial detail, and of use with much lower x-ray dosages.
Numerical study of currents and fields in a photoconductive detector

A numerical study of the current, field, and carrier density distributions within a photoconductive detector is presented. The photodetector, an interdigitated Schottky barrier diode, is made with metallic fingers of alternating voltage bias on a thin semiconductor layer grown on a transparent dielectric substrate. The Poisson and continuity equations for electrons and holes are treated in two dimensions. A modified successive line overrelaxation method, faster than the capacitance matrix method, is developed as the Poisson solver. A simple alternative to the Scharfetter-Gummel treatment of current density is also introduced. We investigate steady-state cases with and without optical illumination, and transient responses to picosecond optical pulses. The steady-state current Shows near saturation with increasing voltage, as observed experimentally. The calculated typical response of a silicon detector to a picosecond optical pulse is a current pulse lasting on the order of 10 ps.
Quantitative characterization of solid lubricant transfer film quality

Abstract Solid lubricant materials have become necessary in applications for which traditional lubrication approaches become impractical. These materials are often mated against a harder metallic counter surface (counterface) of higher surface energy. During sliding, wear fragments from the solid lubricant transfer to the counterface to form a protective barrier known as the transfer film. Historically, the coverage attributes of these transfer films have correlated strongly to the tribological performance of the solid lubricant. Although transfer film quality is often identified as a critical contributor to the success of a candidate solid lubricant, the community lacks a quantitative means to measure quality. Transfer film cohesion and adhesion are likely very important but they are also difficult to measure and not necessarily related to the visual features that have motivated the use of adjectives like ‘quality’, ‘thin’, ‘uniform’, and ‘tenacious’. Area fraction and film thickness are more easily quantified, but to date, they have not proven to be robust predictors of tribological success. A recent visual study of transfer film evolution for a successful alumina–PTFE nanocomposite suggests that the characteristic size of domains of exposed counterface may correlate more closely with wear performance. This paper presents a method for quantifying transfer film quality based on this metric, which we call the free-space length (Lf). To illustrate the application of the method, we study the connection between the wear rate and free-space length for the transfer film of a well-studied alumina–PTFE system. The correlation to wear was best for the free-space length and worst for area fraction.
Omitted rays and wedges of fractional Cauchy transforms

For α > 0 let α denote the set of functions which can be expressed where μ is a complex-valued Borel measure on the unit circle. We show that if f is an analytic function in Δ = {z ∈ : |z| / f (Δ) which do not meet, then f ∈ α where απ denotes the largest of the two angles determined by the rays. Also if the range of a function analytic in Δ is contained in an angular wedge of opening απ and 1 f ∈ α .
DNA methylation and AFLP marker distribution in the soybean genome

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) have become important markers for genetic mapping because of their ability to reliably detect variation at a large number of loci. We report here the dissimilar distribution of two types of AFLP markers generated using restriction enzymes with varying sensitivities to cytosine methylation in the soybean genome. Initially, AFLP markers were placed on a scaffold map of 165 RFLP markers mapped in 42 recombinant inbred (F6:7) lines. These markers were selected from a map of over 500 RFLPs analyzed in 300 recombinant inbred (F6:7) lines generated by crossing BSR101×PI437.654. The randomness of AFLP marker map position was tested using a Poisson-model distribution. We found that AFLP markers generated using EcoRI/MseI deviated significantly from a random distribution, with 34% of the markers displaying dense clustering. In contrast to the EcoRI/MseI AFLP markers, PstI/MseI-generated AFLP markers did not cluster and were under represented in the EcoRI/MseI marker clusters. The restriction enzyme PstI is notably sensitive to cytosine methylation, and these results suggest that this sensitivity affected the distribution of the AFLP markers generated using this enzyme in the soybean genome. The common presence of one EcoRI/MseI AFLP cluster per linkage group and the infrequent presence of markers sensitive to methylation in these clusters are consistent with the low recombination frequency and the high level of cytosine methylation observed in the heterochromatic regions surrounding centromeres. Thus, the dense EcoRI/MseI AFLP marker clusters may be revealing structural features of the soybean genome, including the genetic locations of centromeres.
Reappraisal and Implications for Policy and Research

We need to recognize and to convince policymakers that excessive dependence on contingent appointments is detrimental to undergraduate learning, and especially so for the “at-risk” students, unable to attend the few selective institutions that still staff their core programs with full-time, fully supported faculty.
Effects of finite electric field and inelastic scattering on Anderson localization in two dimensions

The localization range of electronic states in weakly disordered two-dimensional systems is first shown to be enhanced at zero temperature in the presence of an applied electric field. The enhancement factor, being proportional to the square of the range itself as well as to the square of the field strength, will be significant and sensitive to the applied field when the range itself becomes large, which is expected to be the case for two-dimensional disordered metallic systems. An explicit expression for the critical-field strength for the destruction of localization is also derived. The effect of inelastic scattering is then taken into account, extending the previously obtained results to finite temperatures. Any amount of inelastic collision is shown to be equivalent to an additional amount of the applied field, the increase being proportional to the inelastic scattering rate. The maximum allowable inelastic rate for localization is also given.
Efficient Foraging Strategies in Multi-Agent Systems Through Curve Evolutions

In nature, communal hunting is often performed by predators charging through an aggregation of prey. Variations exist in the geometric shape of the charging front depending on the particulars of the feeding strategy. Inspired by biology, this technical note investigates these geometric variations, and we model the predator front as a curve moving through a prey density. Using variational arguments for evolving the curve shape, we optimize the shape of the front.
Quantitative Estimation of Estrogen Conjugates in Late Pregnancy Plasma

Two systems of sequential analyses on 12 ml aliquots of plasma have been developed for the quantitative estimation of the major forms in which estrone, estradiol and estriol occur in the circulation of pregnant women. The accuracy and specificity of these methods for the measurement of estrogen sulfates and glucosiduronates has been evaluated by recovery experiments in which 14C estrogens and authentic samples of estrogen conjugates, added to plasma, were subjected first to the hydrolytic procedures being investigated and then to the complete systems of analysis adopted. In the latter recovery experiments no less than 85% of the estrogen from any conjugate was recovered in the fraction specific for that conjugate, and no more than 2% in any other fraction. For the detection and measurement of any estrogen conjugated as both sulfate and glucosiduronate, the combined results from both systems of analysis on 12 ml aliquots of each specimen were required. Application of these 2 methods, to 4 pools of plasma f...
Synthesis and Reactivity of Tricarbonyl(4‐Methoxy‐1‐Methylpentadienyl)Iron(+1) Cation

The title cation 2, prepared by protonation of (5-methoxy-3,5-hexadien-2-ol)Fe(CO)3, reacts regio- and stereospecifically with allyl-TMS, CH3OH, and Ph3P.
Evolutionary perspective on raising intelligence

Social scientists suggest that intelligence is sensitive to small variations in typical human environments. But humans could never have evolved such big brains and high intelligence were their development hostage to species-typical adversities, including famine, parasites, harsh living conditions, and con-specific violence. Social scientists also tend to depict the benefits of evolutionarily normative behavior (e.g., breast feeding) as “improving” intelligence. But evolutionarily novel behaviors (e.g., not breastfeeding, high-carb-high-fat diets) and exposures (man-made toxins such as alcohol, lead, radiation) often permanently lower intelligence by damaging the brain. Humans have no evolved resilience against innovations in self-harm. Intelligence is a maximal performance, so raising intelligence would likely require biological enhancement. Few people work to their maximum, and many engage in behaviors that impair their abilities temporarily or permanently (drugs, alcohol, etc.). Preserving and more fully exploiting existing human capabilities therefore seems a more promising, if less glamorous, investment in human potential.
The correlation between global health experiences in low-income countries on choice of primary care residencies for graduates of an urban US medical school.

This study sought to determine whether medical students who participate in a global health elective in a low-income country select residencies in primary care at higher rates compared with their classmates and US medical graduates in general. Given the projected increase in demand for primary care physicians, particularly in underserved areas, understanding possible factors that encourage training in primary care or enhance interest in the care of underserved populations may identify opportunities in medical school training. The authors used data from the Office of Student Affairs, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine and the National Residency Matching Program to compare rates of primary care residency selection from 2004 to 2012. Residency selections for students who participated in the SUNY Downstate School of Public Health Global Health Elective were compared with those of their classmates and with residency match data for US seniors. In 7 of the 8 years reviewed, students who participated in the SUNY Downstate School of Public Health Global Health Elective selected primary care residencies at rates higher than their classmates. Across years, 57 % of the students who completed the elective matched to primary care residences, which was significantly higher than the 44 % for the remainder of Downstate's medical student class (p = 0.0023). In 6 of the 8 years, Downstate students who participated in the Global Health Elective selected primary care residencies at rates higher than US medical school seniors in general; rates were the same for both Downstate Global Health Elective students and US medical school seniors in 2009. Students who participated in a global health experience in a low-income country selected primary care residencies at higher rates than their classmates and US medical school graduates in general. Understanding how these experiences correlate with residency selection requires further investigation; areas of future study are discussed.
Implementation Status of the Carl D. Perkins Act in Rural High Schools

The implementation of new programs in schools brings uncertainty and change for administrators. With the passage of the Carl Perkins Vocation al Education Act in 1984, many new mandates were brought to the local level administrator. This article explores the implementation status of the Carl Perkins requirements to serve handicapped students from the per spective of a rural school principal.
The Common Chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) Variant G60G (C.180T) Increases Risk of Chronic Pancreatitis But Not Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis in a North American Population

The Common Chymotrypsinogen C ( CTRC ) Variant G60G (C.180T) Increases Risk of Chronic Pancreatitis But Not Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis in a North American Population
Relationship of coal characteristics to coal reactivity for direct hydrogenation liquefaction

Abstract Two suites of coals from the U.S. have been liquefied in a batch stirred autoclave reactor under a set of standard conditions. Data from the reactor have permitted both the rate and extent of conversion to be measured. Rate of reaction and extent of conversion of coal have then been used as dependent variables for development of correlations for reactivity with basic coal chemical, geochemical, and structural properties. In general, use of a kinetic definition for reactivity has been shown to be superior in ranking relative reactivities among closely related coals, and for developing correlations with compositional parameters such as volatile matter, reactive macerals, and vitrinite reflectance. Carbon aromaticity as determined by 13 C-NMR and structural parameters as determined by pyrolysis/mass spectrometry has also been found to be useful in providing insight into the relationship between coal structure and coal reactivity.
Use of Proprietary Names by Prescribers for Discontinued Brand Drug Products With Existing Generic Equivalents

Purpose: To describe the endurance of continued use of proprietary names by prescribers for discontinued brand drug products with existing generic equivalents and to identify prescribing practice t...
Behavioral evidence for β-adrenoceptor subsensitivity after subacute antidepressant/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment

The behavioral consequences of β-adrenoceptor subsensitivity were investigated by determining whether a physiological response that is mediated by β-receptors, isoproterenol-induced drinking (IID), would be reduced by subacute antidepressant/α2-antagonist treatment
CAD-system dental ceramics sintering using microwaves

Dental ceramics sintering is a process that take several hours to complete. Microwaves, widely used in industry, can be used to sinter ceramics. Microwave sintering of dental ceramics seem to improve the mechanical properties of dental ceramics when compared with regular sintering, with lower energy consumption and reduced processing times.
Principles and Applications of Optical Communications

I Overview 1 Introduction to Optical Communications 2 From Point-to-Point Links to Networking II Basic Point-to-Point Communication Blocks 3 Light Sources 4 Optical Fibers 5 Photo Detectors 6 Noise in Optical Communications 7 Incoherent Detection III Networking 8 Time Domain Multiple Access (SONET, FDDI, B-ISDN, etc.) 9 Frequency Domain Multiple Access 10 Subcarrier Multiplexing 11 Photonic Switching IV Signal Processing 12 Direct Modulation 13 External Modulation 14 DFB Modulation 15 Coherent Detection 16 Line Coding and Timing Recovery 17 Optical Amplification 18 Soliton Transmission
An infrared ureteral stent to aid in laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

Purpose: We used an infrared ureteral stent to aid in laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.Materials and Methods: The patient was slender 31-year-old male. An infrared light emitting stent was used.Results: With easy visualization of the ureter laparoscopic retroperineal lymph node dissection required 268 minutes.Conclusions: The infrared ureteral stent decreases the operative time of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and makes it a safer and more acceptable treatment option.
The green macroalga, Ulva lactuca, inhibits the growth of seven common harmful algal bloom species via allelopathy

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a significant threat to fisheries, public health, and economies around the world, and both HABs and macroalgae are often promoted by nutrient loading. We report on experiments examining the effects of the macroalga, Ulva lactuca , collected from estuaries of NY, USA, on the growth of seven common HAB species: Aureococcus anophagefferens , Chattonella marina , Cochlodinium polykrikoides , Karlodinium veneficum , Karenia brevis , Prorocentrum minimum and Pseudo-Nitzschia multiseries . Fresh thalli of U. lactuca added at environmentally realistic levels (mg L −1 ) were capable of lysing or strongly inhibiting the growth of all seven HAB species in a dose-dependent manner within controlled laboratory experiments during which high nutrient levels, low bacterial levels, and common pH levels among treatments and controls were maintained. The dramatic allelopathic effects of extracts of dried and powdered U. lactuca with and without post-extraction heat treatment on the HAB species demonstrated that U. lactuca contains heat-stable allelochemicals that play a major role in the observed allelopathic effects. The addition of live U. lactuca thalli in bottle and mesocosm experiments conducted in the field during blooms of A. anophagefferens (‘brown tide’; >10 5 cells mL −1 ) consistently yielded a significant ( p 50%) reduction in cell densities in ∼48 h. Our findings combined with the well-known nutrient removal capacity of seaweeds collectively suggest that the use of macroalgae may be a promising mitigation strategy for HABs in coastal ecosystems.
Language screening as a factor in the management of the pediatric otolaryngic patient. Effectiveness and efficiency.

• The Early Language Milestone Scale, a screening test for language in children from birth to 36 months of age, was applied to the total population of pediatric otolaryngic patients. Ninety-seven percent of the patients were found to have a completed screen. Thirty percent of the patients failed one or more portions of the Early Language Milestone screen. Practice management was modified by the results of the Early Language Milestone in all the patients who failed the screen. The Early Language Milestone was found to be efficient and effective in contributing to the managment of the children with pediatric otolaryngic disorders and diseases. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1991;117:1021-1025)
Transition metals in organic synthesis: highlights for the year 1999

Abstract A review with 1621 references to transition metal catalyzed or mediated carbon–carbon bond forming reactions and functional group preparations.
The action of somatomedin on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured chick chondrocytes.

A basic somatomedin preparation results in a 2- fold stimulation of incorporation of both [3H]leucine into protein and 35SO4 into glycosaminoglycans by cultured chick sternal chondrocytes. The stimulation is seen in the presence of 20 mm 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xyloside alone but is not observable in the presence of both xyloside and cycloheximide, indicating that the stimulation by somatomedin is dependent on protein synthesis. Somatomedin stimulates incorporation of leucine into glycosaminoglycans to the same extent to which it stimulates incorporation of sulfate into glycosaminoglycans, suggesting involvement of core protein synthesis. In the presence of the xyloside, however, there is stimulation of synthesis of glycosaminoglycan chains initiated on the xyloside, with a shift in molecular weight distribution to larger molecular weights. Thus, when core protein is not rate limiting, a more general stimulatory effect of somatomedin is observed. (Endocrinology 106: 744, 1980)
Candidate therapeutic agents for hepatocellular cancer can be identified from phenotype‐associated gene expression signatures

BACKGROUND: The presence of vascular invasion in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) correlates with prognosis, and is a critical determinant of both the therapeutic approach and the recurrence or intrahepatic metastases. The authors sought to identify candidate therapeutic agents capable of targeting the invasive phenotype in HCC. METHODS: A gene expression signature associated with vascular invasion derived from 81 human cases of HCC was used to screen a database of 453 genomic profiles associated with 164 bioactive molecules using the connectivity map. Candidate agents were identified by their inverse correlation to the query gene signature. The efficacy of the candidate agents to target invasion was experimentally verified in PLC/PRF-5 and HepG2 HCC cells. RESULTS: The gene signature associated with vascular invasion in HCC comprised of 47 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated genes. Computational bioinformatics analysis revealed several putative candidates, including resveratrol and 17-allylamino-geldanamycin (17-AAG). Both of these agents reduced HCC cell invasion at noncytotoxic concentrations. 17-AAG, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP-90) inhibitor, was shown to modulate the expression of several diverse cancer-associated genes, including ADAMTS1, part of the query signature, and maspin, an HSP-90–associated protein with a tumor suppressor role in HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Candidates for further evaluation as therapies to limit invasion in HCC have been identified using a computational bioinformatics analysis of phenotype-associated gene expression. Phenotype targeting using genomic profiling is a rational approach for drug discovery. Therapeutic strategies targeting a defined cancer-associated phenotype can be identified without a detailed knowledge of individual downstream targets. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Regulation of Telomere Elongation by the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase CDK1

Telomere elongation is cell-cycle regulated and requires the coordinated activity of proteins involved in the DNA damage response. We used an assay that detects de novo telomere addition to examine the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 (Cdc28) in cell-cycle-specific telomere elongation. Inhibition of an ATP analog-sensitive allele of Cdk1 completely blocked the addition of telomere repeats. Mutations in Rif2 and DNA polymerase alpha that cause increased telomere elongation were unable to compensate for the loss of Cdk1 activity, suggesting Cdk1 activity is required for an early step in telomere addition. Mutations in DNA repair proteins that act with Cdk1 at double-strand breaks also prevented telomere elongation. Cdk1 activity was required for the generation of 3' single-strand overhangs at both native and de novo telomeres. We propose Cdk1 activity controls the timing of telomere elongation by regulating the single-strand overhang at chromosome ends.
Parasitic Suppression in Large Aperture Nd:Glass Disk Laser Amplifiers

Threshold conditions for bulk and surface parasitic oscillations, which may limit energy storage in large aperture Nd:glass disk lasers, have been developed as a function of material parameters. An expression describing the energy storage distribution within a disk was used to determine the mode that will be most limiting for a particular disk design. Additional modes that may be limiting in special cases were identified and their effects evaluated. These results are useful in developing disk laser designs that minimize parasitic effects.
Wafer-Level Packaging Technology With Through-Hole Interconnections in Silicon Substrate

An advanced packaging technology with through-hole interconnections, which enables miniaturization and high-density packaging of electronic devices including MEMS devices and optical devices, has been developed. In this work, through-hole interconnections were applied to an image sensor packaging. Through-holes, 80μm in diameter and 200μm in depth, were formed from backside of the device wafer by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). After an insulation layer was formed inside the holes, conductive material such as copper (Cu) or Gold-Tin (Au-Sn) alloy solder was filled into the holes by electroplating method or Molten Metal Suction Method (MMSM). This technology enables wafer-level packaging of the image sensor device. Some electrical characteristics and reliability performances including electric resistance, breakdown voltage, high-temperature storage test, heat cycle test, temperature-humidity test were examined. In this paper, fabrication processes, structural and electrical characteristics and reliability of the package will be reported.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Human KIT ligand promoter is positively regulated by HMGA1 in breast and ovarian cancer cells

KIT ligand (KL) and its receptor, c-kit, are coexpressed in many types of cancer cells and have been implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis. While Sertoli cell-specific regulation of the KL promoter has been well characterized, regulation in cancer cells remains to be elucidated. We recently reported microarray results demonstrating that increased high-mobility group (HMG) A1a protein expression correlates with increased KL transcription in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Sequence analysis indicates a potential for multiple HMGA1 binding sites within the human KL promoter. In order to better define the underlying molecular mechanisms that HMGA1 uses to facilitate malignant transformation of cancer cells, we have used a variety of methods to determine whether HMGA1a directly regulates the human KL promoter in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Our results indicate that: (i) KL promoter activity is significantly higher in MCF-7 cells overexpressing HMGA1a; (ii) HMGA1a protein binds to AT-rich regions of the KL promoter DNA both in vitro and in vivo; (iii) mutation of the AT-rich regions inhibits HMGA1a binding in vitro; and (iv) HMGA1a-specific inhibition significantly decreases transcription of KL in OCC1 human ovarian cancer cells. In addition, MCF-7 cells with transgenic HMGA1 overexpression stained positive for the KL protein by immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry, and were growth-inhibited by KL neutralization. The cumulative evidence indicates that HMGA1 positively regulates the human KL promoter in breast and ovarian cancer cells and implicates serum KL as a diagnostic marker for HMGA1-positive carcinomas.
Diagnosis of unintentional subdural anesthesia/analgesia: analyzing radiographically proven cases to define the clinical entity and to develop a diagnostic algorithm.

Background and Objectives: Subdural injection is a well-known but often poorly recognized complication of neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia. This report aims to further describe the clinical presentation of subdural injection by analyzing radiographically proven cases. A new diagnostic algorithm is then proposed. Methods: A literature search identified 70 radiographically confirmed cases of subdural injection. The prevalence of numerous presenting characteristics and their relationship to the volume of injected local anesthetics were examined. The ability of 2 previously published diagnostic paradigms to detect proven subdural injection was compared with that of a newly proposed algorithm. Results: The dermatomal distribution of sensory blockade was excessive in 74% of cases, restricted in 17%, and neither in 9%. Motor blockade and respiratory depression were associated with larger local anesthetic injection volumes (median volume = 14 vs. 8 mL [P Conclusions: Radiographically proven subdural injections were used to further define the clinical presentation of subdural analgesia/analgesia and a new diagnostic algorithm is proposed.
ACTIVE CONTROL OF SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH A CURVED PANEL INTO A CYLINDRICAL ENCLOSURE

Abstract Current research has focused on the reduction of sound transmission through the aircraft fuselage into the interior of aircraft due to turbulent boundary layer excitation. The present work utilizes an analytical model, previously developed by the authors, as a design tool in the development of feedback control systems to attenuate sound transmission. The model is of a typical aircraft panel in service conditions with attached piezoelectric actuators, coupled to the interior acoustics of a rigid-wall cylinder. The control design process, which includes transducer optimization and H 2 synthesis, is documented. Control designs are presented utilizing both acoustic pressure measurements and structural velocity measurements. Results indicate that an active structural acoustic control design using structural velocity measurements and insight gained from analysis of the structural acoustic coupling can achieve performance similar to a control design utilizing acoustic pressure measurements. Further analysis shows that the active structural acoustic control design can be implemented regardless of panel position on the enclosure, and can withstand perturbations in panel dynamics resulting from variations in static pressure loading with flight altitude. Significant reduction of sound transmission into the enclosure is achieved.
Individual differences in cerebral blood flow in area 17 predict the time to evaluate visualized letters

Sixteen subjects closed their eyes and visualized uppercase letters of the alphabet at two sizes, as small as possible or as large as possible while remaining “visible.” Subjects evaluated a shape characteristic of each letter (e.g., whether it has any curved lines), and responded as quickly as possible. Cerebral blood flow was normalized to the same value for each subject, and relative blood flow was computed for a set of regions of interest. The mean response time for each subject in the task was regressed onto the blood flow values. Blood flow in area 17 was negatively correlated with response time (r = -0.65), as was blood flow in area 19 (r = -0.66), whereas blood flow in the inferior parietal lobe was positively correlated with response time (r = 0.54). The first two effects persisted even when variance due to the other correlations was removed. These findings suggest that individual differences in the activation of specific brain loci are directly related to performance of tasks that rely on processing in those loci.
Dispenser of Laboratory Diet Into Multiple Rearing Containers

An economical method of dispensing specific volumes of diet for Heliothis spp. larvae into multiple containers (compartments of disposable plastic trays or plastic cups) was devised. The system uses a tubing pump and an easily fabricated dispensing head. It can be used with other diets that contain fine particles and have low viscosity. The apparatus is easily taken apart for cleaning and sterilization. Repeatability of dispensing the diet was ± 1–2%; accuracy of dividing the diet into portions was ± 1–5%.
Error models for official mortality forecasts.

Abstract The Office of the Actuary, U.S. Social Security Administration, produces alternative forecasts of mortality to reflect uncertainty about the future. Appropriate probabilistic interpretations of the intervals have not been provided, however, because explicit stochastic models are not used. In this article we identify the components and assumptions of the official forecasts and approximate them by stochastic parametric models. We estimate parameters of the models from past data, derive statistical intervals for the forecasts, and compare them with the official high-low intervals. We use the models to evaluate the forecasts rather than to develop different predictions of the future. Analysis of data from 1972 to 1985 shows that the official intervals for mortality forecasts for males or females aged 45–70 have approximately a 95% chance of including the true mortality rate in any year. For other ages the chances are much less than 95%. The Office of the Actuary's interval estimates of age- and cause...