cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Substance Use Among Adolescents From Smaller Places

This study examined trends in substance use among 12th grade students who live in smaller places. Subjects from smaller places were defined as those residing in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties who reported growing up on a farm, in the country (i.e., living in an unincorporated rural area but not on a farm) or in a small town (i.e., living in a place with fewer than 50,000 residents that is not a suburb or located next to a larger place). Six types of smaller places were created from a cross-tabulation of nonmetropolitan-metropolitan status and where subjects reported growing up. Substance-use rates among 12th graders residing in these six types of smaller places from 1976 to 1997 at three-year intervals were compared, based on data available from the Monitoring the Future study. For past-year alcohol use, some differences were found by place, with farm youth showing the lowest rates. Large differences were exhibited for past-year marijuana use, both across nonmetropolitan-metropolitan status and across youth from farm, country and small-town locations within nonmetropolitan counties. Rates of past-year illicit drug use were essentially the same regardless of location. Overall, when significant differences were found, most revealed less use for the more rural location.
Specificity of disgust sensitivity in the prediction of fear and disgust responding to a brief spider exposure.

This study examined the specificity of disgust sensitivity in predicting fear and disgust responses to exposure to a spider. Participants high (n = 22) and low (n = 28) in spider fear completed self-report measures of disgust sensitivity, contamination fear, anxiety, and negative affect. They then participated in a behavioral avoidance task (BAT) in which they were briefly exposed to a realistic-looking, but fake, tarantula. Results revealed that disgust sensitivity was associated with fear and disgust responding to the BAT. The association between disgust sensitivity and disgust responding to the BAT remained significant after controlling for gender, spider fear group membership, contamination fear, anxiety, and negative affect. However, the association between disgust sensitivity and fear responding to the BATwas only marginally significant after controlling for the same variables. Contamination fear was also strongly related to fear and disgust responding to the BAT. However, this relationship was fully mediated by disgust sensitivity. These findings indicate that disgust sensitivity has a unique association with aversive responding to spiders. The implications of these findings for better understanding the complex role of fear and disgust as they related to disgust sensitivity in spider phobia are discussed. # 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fibular flap reconstruction of the cervical spine for repair of osteoradionecrosis.

Abstract Background context Although cervical spine reconstruction with osteocutaneous fibular flap microvascular grafting has been described, simultaneous reconstruction of the cervical vertebral column and laryngectomy have not been described. Purpose To present a unique case of combined cervical spine and laryngectomy reconstruction. Study design Case report. Methods We modified a previously reported procedure reconstituting the cervical spine and pharynx with a single fibular flap in a case of posterior pharyngeal ulceration and osteomyelitis/osteoradionecrosis without spinal deformity. Results We present a case of simultaneous cervical stabilization and pharynx reconstruction with a fibular graft in a life-saving treatment of osteoradionecrosis complicated by acute cervical kyphosis and spinal cord compression in a 55-year-old patient with extensive head and neck cancer history and recent recurrence of hypopharyngeal cancer. Conclusions Rigid anterior plate fixation and subsequent posterior fixation were required after corpectomy and total laryngectomy in our patient with extensive surgical scarring and radiation history because of severe spinal deformity secondary to osteoradionecrosis. We achieved successful preservation of neurologic function and resolution of pain.
Magnetomotive molecular nanoprobes for optical biomedical imaging and diagnostics

Magnetomotive molecularly-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles are demonstrated as in vivo contrast agents and detected using magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. These nanoprobes are also multifunctional as molecular agents in MRI, optical coherence elastography, and therapeutic applications.
Product-Market Uncertainty, Portfolio Restructuring, and Performance: An Information-processing and Resource-Based View

The author investigates whether portfolio restructuring under-taken in response to changes in product-market uncertainty has implications for financial performance. A model that integrates information-processing and resource-based theories was applied to data from a panel of 168 Fortune 500 companies. Analyses show that product-market uncertainty is associated with two different types of restructuring strategies, which represent different theoretical approaches to portfolio restructuring. The results further show that portfolio restructuring actions influenced performance, and indicate when each restructuring strategy should be used to achieve the highest financial performance. Implications of these results for theory development are discussed.
Competition in health care: it takes systems to pursue quality and efficiency.

ABSTRACT: Many stakeholders agree that the current model of U.S. health care competition is not working. Costs continue to rise at double-digit rates, and quality is far from optimal. One proposal ...
A model for incorporating lesson study into the student teaching placement: what worked and what did not?

This article describes a model for incorporating lesson study into the student teaching placement and reports on the success of the implementation of such a model with student teachers and their cooperating teachers (CTs). Student teachers had the opportunity to discuss many important ideas with each other and their CTs, including “big ideas” of mathematics, and the anticipation of student questions and possible responses. Student teachers also had a built‐in opportunity for peer observation on a regular basis and the opportunity to collaborate with their peers. Certain important aspects of lesson study were not present in this implementation: the teachers involved did not discuss the gaps in their own knowledge with the goal of improving their own mathematical understanding, they did not refer outside sources for ideas for the lessons, and they did not have an overarching affective goal for students. Suggestions are made for teacher preparation in light of these findings.
A KML interface for dynamics simulation of robotic planetary exploration

Efficient exploration of the Moon, Mars, and other celestial bodies will require careful coordination between assets in human-robot teams. Such complexity requires mission planning tools to accurately simulate resource consumption, communications, and maneuverability/traversability for multiple vehicles throughout proposed expeditions. This paper presents a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) interface for simulation of complex robotic vehicle missions with the Lunar Surface Operations Simulator (LSOS), a dynamics-based rover simulator based on the Rover Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation (ROAMS) software. This technique outlines simple Schemas that describe complex events in a KML file and replaces manual simulation script construction. Several experiments and simulation studies that utilized this method are presented.
Distributed scientific video movie making

A description is given of a versatile, low-cost, video movie-making system for generating and displaying scientific graphics from remote supercomputers. The system makes video movies by single-frame animation from the output of time-dependent, numerical simulations typically done on supercomputers. It uses extensive data compression to permit its use over wide area, as well as local area networks. The system demonstrates an easily used, elementary visualization capability for time-dependent data in a heterogeneous, distributed computing environment. >
RMDDS: Reed-muller decision diagram synthesis of reversible logic circuits

In this article, we propose a flexible and efficient reversible logic synthesizer. It exploits the complementary advantages of two methods: Reed-Muller Reversible Logic Synthesis (RMRLS) and Decision Diagram Synthesis (DDS), and is thus called Reed-Muller Decision Diagram Synthesis (RMDDS). RMRLS does not scale to a large number of qubits (i.e., quantum bits). DDS tools, even though efficient, add a large number of ancillary qubits and typically incur much higher quantum cost than necessary. RMDDS overcomes these obstacles. It is flexible in the sense that users can either optimize the number of qubits or the quantum cost in the circuit implementation. It is also efficient because the circuits can be synthesized within user-defined CPU times. This combination of flexibility and efficiency has been missing from synthesizers presented earlier. When used to synthesize reversible functions, RMDDS reduces the number of qubits by up to 79.2p (average of 54.6p) when the synthesis objective is to minimize the number of qubits and the quantum cost by up to 71.5p (average of 35.7p) when the synthesis objective is to minimize quantum cost, relative to DDS methods. For irreversible functions (which are automatically embedded in reversible functions), the corresponding best (average) reductions in the number of qubits is 42.1p (22.5p) when minimizing the number of qubits, and in quantum cost, it is 63.0p (25.9p) when minimizing quantum cost.
SCALING OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS: A RE-ANALYSIS*

The database used by Hemmingsen (1960) to compute energy metabolism in unicellular organisms was reassembled and submitted to linear (log-log) analysis. As Hemmingsen noted, this data set includes marine zygotes, which are not unicellular organisms. If no temperature correction factors are applied to the data the best-fit regression line has a slope of 0.698 +/- 0.024. Application of the temperature correction factors assumed to have been used by Hemmingsen gave a slope of 0.756 +/- 0.021, identical to the value he reported. The correlation coefficient is 0.97. The mean scatter about the regression line exceeds 100%. A revised set of temperature correction factors gave a slope of 0.730 +/- 0.021, suggesting that the value of almost exactly three-quarters obtained by Hemmingsen was probably fortuitous. The slope of the best-fit regression line is very sensitive to the inclusion of bacteria and flagellates. When the data points for these organisms are omitted from the calculation the slope decreases to 0.645 +/- 0.045. When the data points for bacteria, flagellates and marine zygotes are omitted, the slope drops to 0.608 +/- 0.025. The correlation coefficient (0.97), compared to the best-fit line reported by Hemmingsen, is unaffected; the mean deviation about the regression line drops to 40% and the points are evenly distributed about the regression line. Because of the small number of species for which measurements have been made, the existing database relating energy metabolism to cell size is not representative of unicellular organisms generally. It is concluded that the case for a three-quarters power rule expressing energy metabolism as a function of size in unicellular organisms generally is not at all persuasive.
Induction of phenotypic plasticity in rattlesnake trophic morphology by diet manipulation.

Gape-limited predators are restricted in the shape and size of prey items they can ingest by their trophic morphology. Evolutionary theory predicts that gape-limited predators, such as rattlesnakes, should possess plasticity in their trophic morphology to allow them to respond to environmental cues about their prey base. This study examined the effects of two possible influences over trophic morphology in the pit- viper Crotalus viridis viridis. Snakes from six litters were exposed to diet manipulations performed over 480 days. By day 480, snakes from two prey-size treat- ments exhibited significantly different head shapes. Snakes reared on whole rodents had broader heads, whereas snakes force-fed homogenized prey had nar- rower heads. Shape differences varied among litters, suggesting that not all litters responded the same to diet manipulations. Results suggest that trophic mor- phology of rattlesnakes is plastic, at least in some lit- ters, and can be induced by prey items. J. Morphol.
THE SCENT OF DANGER: TETRODOTOXIN (TTX) AS AN OLFACTORY CUE OF PREDATION RISK

Larvae of the California newt (Taricha torosa) exhibit striking predator-avoidance behavior, escaping to refuges in response to a chemical cue from cannibalistic adults. In laboratory flow-tank experiments, stream water collected near free-ranging adults induced hiding responses in 100% of the larvae tested. Solutions prepared by bathing adults (in field and laboratory) also evoked strong hiding behaviors. Insensitive to adult feeding status (fed or starved), and clearly not an excretory product, the chemical cue was released from adult skin (i.e., in swabs of adult backs, sides, and bellies). Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was found in skin swabs of adults and in bathwater at 1 × 10−7 mol/L using reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentrations of 1 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−9 mol/L TTX standard, and equivalent dilutions of bathwater, triggered hiding behaviors in larvae, with no subsequent sublethal toxicity. The presence of TTX-sensitive cells within larval olfactory epithelium was confirmed by beh...
Hypothesis-Driven Candidate Gene Association Studies: Practical Design and Analytical Considerations

Candidate gene association studies (CGAS) are a useful epidemiologic approach to drawing inferences about relations between genes and disease, especially when experimental data support the involvement of specific biochemical pathways. The value of CGAS is apparent when allele frequencies are low, effect sizes are small, or the study population is limited or unique. CGAS is also valuable for validating previous reports of genetic associations with disease in different populations. Despite the many advantages, the information generated from CGAS is sometimes compromised because of either inefficient study design or suboptimal analytical approaches. Here the authors discuss issues related to the study design and statistical analyses of CGAS that can help to optimize their usefulness and information content. These issues include judicious hypothesis-driven selection of biochemical pathways, genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as appropriate quality control and analytical procedures for measuring main effects and for evaluating environmental exposure modifications and interactions. A study design algorithm using the example of DNA repair genes and cancer is presented for purposes of illustration.
Distributed path planning for mobile robots using a swarm of interacting reinforcement learners

Path planning for mobile robots in stochastic, dynamic environments is a difficult problem and the subject of much research in the field of robotics. While many approaches to solving this problem put the computational burden of path planning on the robot, physical path planning methods place this burden on a set of sensor nodes distributed throughout the environment that can communicate information to each other about path costs. Previous approaches to physical path planning have looked at the performance of such networks in regular environments (e.g., office buildings) using highly structured, uniform deployments of networks (e.g., grids). Additionally, these networks do not make use of real experience obtained from the robots they assist in guiding. We extend previous work in this area by incorporating reinforcement learning techniques into these methods and show improved performance in simulated, rough terrain environments. We also show that these networks, which we term SWIRLs (Swarms of Interacting Reinforcement Learners), can perform well with deployment distributions that are not as highly structured as in previous approaches.
Interobserver Variation in Frog Call Surveys

Auditory surveys are being used increasingly to monitor amphibians and assess amphibian declines. Interobserver differences in detected number of species during amphibian call surveys have not been widely studied, yet previous studies have assumed these differences are minimal. We examined inter- observer variation in 269 frog call surveys conducted along 20 standardized routes in central Texas. Two trained observers, listening simultaneously 10 m apart, agreed on number of species calling in 79.4% of 5- min surveys and 78.6% of 30-min surveys. The level of observer agreement varied among species. Observers in the present study were more likely to disagree about the presence of a species when only one or a few frogs called from distant sites. Wind and road noise had no significant effects on interobserver variation. Presence of moonlight was negatively associated with interobserver agreement. Because sampling variation and biases arising from observer effects may lead to inappropriate inferences and misdirected conservation efforts, it is important to control for interobserver differences during the design and analysis phases of research.
A cost-benefit analysis of a proposed overseas refugee latent tuberculosis infection screening and treatment program

This study explored the effect of screening and treatment of refugees for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) before entrance to the United States as a strategy for reducing active tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs and benefits of LTBI screening and treatment in United States bound refugees prior to arrival. Costs were included for foreign and domestic LTBI screening and treatment and the domestic treatment of active TB. A decision tree with multiple Markov nodes was developed to determine the total costs and number of active TB cases that occurred in refugee populations that tested 55, 35, and 20 % tuberculin skin test positive under two models: no overseas LTBI screening and overseas LTBI screening and treatment. For this analysis, refugees that tested 55, 35, and 20 % tuberculin skin test positive were divided into high, moderate, and low LTBI prevalence categories to denote their prevalence of LTBI relative to other refugee populations. For a hypothetical 1-year cohort of 100,000 refugees arriving in the United States from regions with high, moderate, and low LTBI prevalence, implementation of overseas screening would be expected to prevent 440, 220, and 57 active TB cases in the United States during the first 20 years after arrival. The cost savings associated with treatment of these averted cases would offset the cost of LTBI screening and treatment for refugees from countries with high (net cost-saving: $4.9 million) and moderate (net cost-saving: $1.6 million) LTBI prevalence. For low LTBI prevalence populations, LTBI screening and treatment exceed expected future TB treatment cost savings (net cost of $780,000). Implementing LTBI screening and treatment for United States bound refugees from countries with high or moderate LTBI prevalence would potentially save millions of dollars and contribute to United States TB elimination goals. These estimates are conservative since secondary transmission from tuberculosis cases in the United States was not considered in the model.
Antiseea to Carcinoembryonic Antigen: Removal of Persistant Impurities (1)

Antisera to carcinoembryonic antigen preparations frequently contained antibodies to a distinct normal serum protein(s). The latter antibodies persisted following absorptions with cross-linked human plasma proteins, normal colon, and Group 0 red cells. A simple method for removal of the contaminating antibodies involved absorptions with the perchloric acid-soluble fraction of normal serum. Excesses of the absorbant and its soluble immune complexes were then removed on anion exchange columns.
Effects of High-Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Limb Blood Flow in Healthy Humans

Background and Purpose. Although transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used clinically for more than 20 years, the hemodynamic effects of this intervention remain controversial. Our goal was to determine the effects of high-frequency TENS on calf blood flow in healthy subjects. Subjects. Four men and seven women ranging in age from 20 to 44 years (X=30, SD=9) served as subjects. Methods. We measured calf blood flow during 20-minute TENS applications over the common peroneal and tibial nerves at intensities above and below the motor threshold. Results. Calf blood flow was not changed by sensory-level TENS (3.2±1.0 versus 2.9±1.0 mL/100 mL/min) or by motor-level TENS (3.1±1.2 versus 2.8±1.0 mL/100 mL/min). Conclusion and Discussion. Neither sensory-level nor low-intensity motor-level TENS applied over peripheral nerves at clinically relevant pulse durations and frequencies altered limb blood flow in asymptomatic individuals. The applicability of these findings in conditions of abnormally elevated or diminished vascular resistance has not been determined.
Optical Free-Induction Decay in La F 3 : Pr 3 +

The dephasing time of coherently prepared ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ impurity ions in a La ${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ crystal is measured by optical free-induction decay. Above 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, phonon processes severely shorten the decay time. Below 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, we observe a temperature-independent decay time of 0.38 \ensuremath{\mu}sec. This is surprisingly short considering that there are no contributions from first-order hyperfine, phonon, or ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$-${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ interactions.
With others or alone? Adolescent individual differences in the context of smoking lapses.

Objective Although a great deal of adolescent smoking research has investigated predictors of initiation, much less has focused on predictors of lapsing during a quit attempt. In particular, the role of social context may deserve greater attention in models of adolescent smoking cessation. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine individual differences in social lapsing--the extent to which lapses occur around others versus when alone. Methods Analyses focused on 179 adolescent smokers (aged 14-18 years) engaged in an unassisted quit attempt. There were 2 general EMA assessment intervals: prequit (1 week) and postquit (2 weeks). Participants reported every time that they smoked a cigarette and at random, nonsmoking times; in each assessment, participants responded to questions about their current environment, behaviors, and psychological state. A 3-month follow-up assessed longer-term smoking-related outcomes. Results Consistent with other adolescent research, the overall rate of lapsing was very high (93%). Social lapsing rates were likewise high (among those who lapsed, 73% reported their first lapse was social), but they also varied continuously across individuals. We computed a social lapsing coefficient for each youth and found that it related to smoking factors at baseline (e.g., lower smoking intensity and dependence) and follow-up (e.g., lower cotinine levels). Conclusions These results suggest that higher rates of social lapsing are associated with being a lighter, less dependent smoker and having better eventual cessation prospects. Findings provide evidence that accounting for variability in social lapsing may improve theory and treatment.
Structural Design of Nanoporous Silica Polyamine Composites for Metal Separations in Water

Over the past ten years research at the University of Montana in collaboration with Purity Systems Inc, both located in Missoula, Montana, has resulted in a novel class of chelator materials composed of amorphous, nanoporous silica gels and modified polyamines. These materials offer some distinct advantages over conventional polystyrene based resins especially for applications in the mining industry. This paper will report on the relationship between polymer structure and metal selectivity, the relationship between chelator structure and metal selectivity and further comparisons with polystyrene analogs.
Erythrocyte-rosetting properties of feline blood lymphocytes and their relationship to monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocytes.

Rosette formation of feline peripheral blood leukocytes with guinea pig (GP) and gerbil (G) erythrocytes (E) has been shown in an earlier study to identify T lymphocytes expressing helper and suppressor cell activity, respectively. This T lymphocyte distinction was based on the removal of the E-rosetting populations from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and the subsequent functional evaluation of the remaining cells in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced synthesis of immunoglobulin (Ig). In the present study, we demonstrate a direct helper and suppressor function of GPE- and GE-rosetted cells, respectively, wherein the induction of Ig synthesis is altered in a positive or negative way by the addition of the cells to a control target population. A pan-T monoclonal antibody (mAb), CT843, and mAbs to the CD4 (CT248) and CD8 (CT87) subsets are also described; their specificities are established in functional assays, the PWM-induced Ig synthesis and the production of interleukin-2 following Concanavalin A stimulation of PBL, and a biochemical analysis of the surface membrane antigens detected by the mAbs. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analyses showed CT248 to react with a approximately 60-kDa protein under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Under reducing conditions, CT87 reacted with one subunit at approximately 35 kDa; a second faint band at approximately 39 kDa was poorly resolved. mAb CT843 detected a heterodimer of approximately 70 and approximately 60 kDa under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. The relationship of the mAbs to E-rosetting was examined in FACScan analyses and rosette inhibition studies. The percentage of GE-rosetting cells agreed with the percentage of cells stained with the CD8 mAb, whereas a comparison of GPE-rosetting and staining with the CD4 mAb showed variability. The binding of GE to PBL was blocked by pretreatment of PBL with the CD8 mAb, whereas no inhibition of GPE rosettes was observed with any of the mAbs. In a previous study, we had shown that an overnight culture of feline PBL at 37 degrees C leads to the development of a second population of GPE-rosetting cells, also having a helper function. The relationship of the two GPE-rosetting populations to the CD4 mAb, CT248, was examined in rosette depletion studies and FACScan analyses. It was found that depletion of the GPE-rosetting cells from fresh, i.e., Day 0 cells, removed only a small percentage of cells reactive with the CD4 mAb, whereas GPE-rosette depletions performed on Day 1 PBL, which contained both populations of GPE-rosetting cells, removed almost all cells reactive with this antibody. The latter study suggests that the GPE-rosetting phenomenon is detecting two subsets of CD4 cells with T helper function, those present in fresh blood and those acquiring the GPE receptor after an overnight culture.
Comparison of a computerized and a manual method of food coding for nutrient intake studies.

Abstract The Dietary Data Collection (DDC) microcomputer system is currently being developed as a tool for the standardized and detailed collection of dietary intake data for human nutrition research studies. The system operates interactively, soliciting all necessary information on menu selection screens to ensure user entry of complete food descriptions and quantity information. The descriptive data are then automatically converted to food codes and gram weights for subsequent calculation of nutrient content. At the completion of the first phase of system development, a preliminary test was performed to compare the amount of time required to enter food intake data into the DDC system with the amount of time required to accomplish the same food coding task manually. Test subjects consisted of four experienced food coders and one coder trainee. Using a crossover design, each coder manually coded 16 1-day food records and entered another 16 records into the DDC system for automatic coding. Four of the five coders took significantly less time to code and enter descriptive dietary intake information using the DDC system than they took for manual coding and data entry. Time savings ranged between 9% and 44% among the test subjects. J Am Diet Assoc 88:1263, 1988.
Beyond Metropolises: Hybridity in a Transnational Context

Follow this and additional works at: http://uknowledge.uky.edu/disclosure Part of the American Politics Commons, Asian American Studies Commons, Asian Studies Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, Human Geography Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Other American Studies Commons, and the Other International and Area Studies Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License.
A workflow for reproducing mean benthic gas fluxes

Long-term data sets provide unique opportunities to examine temporal variability of key ecosystem processes. The need for such data sets is becoming increasingly important as we try to quantify the impact of human activities across various scales and in some cases, as we try to determine the success of management interventions. Unfortunately, long-term benthic flux data sets for coastal ecosystems are rare and curating them is a challenge. If we wish to make our data available to others now and into the future, however, then we need to provide mechanisms that allow others to understand our methods, access the data, reproduce the results, and see updates as they become available. Here we use techniques, learned through the EarthCube Ontosoft Geoscience Paper of the Future project, to develop best practices to allow us to share a long-term data set of directly measured net sediment N2 fluxes and sediment oxygen demand at two sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (USA). This technical report describes the process we used, the challenges we faced, and the steps we will take in the future to ensure transparency and reproducibility. By developing these data and software sharing tools we hope to help disseminate well-curated data with provenance as well as products from these data, so that the community can better assess how this temperate estuary has changed over time. We also hope to provide a data sharing model for others to follow so that long-term estuarine data are more easily shared and not lost over time.
Detection and characterization of CO2 leakage by multi-well pulse testing and diffusivity tomography maps

Abstract Pressure pulse testing, a type of interference well testing, has shown promising applications in subsurface carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) leakage detection and monitoring. In pressure pulse testing, a pressure signal generated by periods of injection and shut-in (from a pulsing well) propagates deep into the formation, and the corresponding response is recorded at the observation well(s). The shape of the signal alters as it travels between the pulsing well and the observation well. Analysis of this characteristic change is the basis for measurement of formation properties such as the total hydraulic diffusivity coefficient. If the test is repeated over time, one can detect and monitor temporal changes in the hydraulic diffusivity coefficient. In this paper, we used a modified analytical solution in the frequency domain to analyze the pressure pulse test data and to characterize the location and geometry of the CO 2 leak. Using this technique, we first transferred the periodic pressure response to the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform. Then we used a modified analytical solution to calculate the diffusivity coefficient excluding the injection rate data. The derived diffusivity coefficient for each pulse test was assigned to the midpoint between the pulsing well and the observation well. Finally, a stochastic simulation approach was used to generate a large-scale diffusivity tomography map for the target formation. When this concept was applied to a network of monitoring wells, the derived diffusivity tomography map successfully located and visualized the extent of CO 2 leakage. The contour lines of the diffusivity tomography map reasonably revealed the geometry of CO 2 leakage (point-source vs. line-source leakage) and when superposed on the CO 2 saturation profile, showed very good agreement. Analysis of the results indicated that even a small amount of CO 2 leakage in the investigation zone can have a measurable effect on the calculated diffusivity coefficient. This finding can be of great importance when early leak detection is of interest. Such information can be applied to monitor plume evolution and design a remediation process. Our study shows that the pressure pulse test analysis has the capability to monitor large areas inside the formation and to detect and characterize possible CO 2 leaks with reasonable accuracy.
The effect of theme preference on academic word list use: A case for smartphone video recording feature

Sixty-seven Japanese English as a Second Language undergraduate learners completed one smartphone video production per week for 12 weeks, based on a teacher-selected theme. Designed as a case study for this specific context, data from students’ oral performances was analyzed on a weekly basis for their use of the Academic Word List (AWL). A post-intervention survey was also used to gather evidence pertaining to students’ perception of the themes provided. The analysis compared the mean use of academic words against the various themes to determine their effect on AWL use. The findings indicate that there is a correlation between theme preference and the use of AWL lexical items. The research outcome indicates that the smartphone video recording feature can be used to encourage language learners to speak in the target language about relevant themes and thus increase speaking abilities and word usage.
Absence and repetition in Vishal Bhardwaj’s Haider

Vishal Bhardwaj’s Haider, an adaptation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet set in the politically volatile Kashmir of the 1990s was one of the most anticipated Hindi movies of 2014, and in the weeks leading u...
Complications, hospital length of stay, and readmission after total laryngectomy

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to describe the 30-day incidence of complications after total laryngectomy (TL) in a high-volume institution and their impact on the hospital length of stay (LOS) and readmission rates. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent TL at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 1, 2010 through June 30, 2013 was conducted. The patient demographics, treatment history, LOS, and 30-day post-TL complications and readmissions were extracted from the medical record. Univariate associations were analyzed, and stepwise backward selection methods were used to fit multivariate models. RESULTS Two hundred forty-five patients were included. Complications occurred in 83 patients (33.9%) and included 3 deaths (1.2%). Wound complications occurred in 53 patients (21.6%), and 34 were pharyngocutaneous fistulas (PCFs; 13.9% overall). Thirty-four patients (13.9%) were readmitted within 30 days. A multivariate analysis revealed the following: wound complications were associated with former (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; P = .03) and current smokers (OR, 5.8; P = .02), PCFs were associated with prior wide-field radiation (OR, 3.1; P = .01) but not prior narrow-field (larynx-only) radiation (OR, 1.4; P = .61), LOS was associated with the type of flap (P = .002) and postoperative hematomas (P = .05), and readmissions were associated with preoperative hypoalbuminemia (P = .003) and postoperative wound complications (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Complications occurred in approximately one-third of TL patients and particularly in patients with poor wound-healing risk factors such as prior smoking and radiation. As expected, LOS was longer among reconstructed patients. Readmission was associated with hypoalbuminemia and postoperative wound complications. These data can inform quality improvement efforts and the counseling of high-risk patients undergoing TL. Cancer 2017;123:1760-1767. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Frog Prey Capture Behavior: Between Sensory Maps and Directed Motor Output

In frog prey capture behavior an appropriate sensory stimulus at a given location in space triggers a complex movement directed toward the stimulus. We are interested in how the frog brain is organized so as to yield such a spatial correspondence between a stimulus and the resulting movement. Initial stages of the neuronal circuitry underlying prey capture appear to involve topographic sensory representations in the midbrain. The prey capture outputs are triggered or ballistic, suggesting that they are based on pattern generating circuitry at some unknown location in the brain. Given these considerations, one approach to the problem of the spatial correspondence between stimulus and movement is to ask how topographic sensory maps are linked to pattern generating circuitry. In this paper we will discuss several experiments directed at exploring this linkage. We will focus particularly on how our ideas about the organization which brings about an appropriate correspondence between input and output have evolved during the course of these studies.
Myoelectric Pattern Recognition Outperforms Direct Control for Transhumeral Amputees with Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Recently commercialized powered prosthetic arm systems hold great potential in restoring function for people with upper-limb loss. However, effective use of such devices remains limited by conventional (direct) control methods, which rely on electromyographic signals produced from a limited set of muscles. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) is a nerve transfer procedure that creates additional recording sites for myoelectric prosthesis control. The effects of TMR may be enhanced when paired with pattern recognition technology. We sought to compare pattern recognition and direct control in eight transhumeral amputees who had TMR in a balanced randomized cross-over study. Subjects performed a 6–8 week home trial using direct and pattern recognition control with a custom prostheses made from commercially available parts. Subjects showed statistically better performance in the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (p = 0.04) and the Clothespin relocation task (p = 0.02). Notably, these tests required movements along 3 degrees of freedom. Seven of 8 subjects preferred pattern recognition control over direct control. This study was the first home trial large enough to establish clinical and statistical significance in comparing pattern recognition with direct control. Results demonstrate that pattern recognition is a viable option and has functional advantages over direct control.
Focal Colonic Activity

Within the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, there can be highly variable radiotracer uptake especially in the colon. The uptake can be diffuse, focal, or segmental in distribution. There are many benign and malignant causes for focal colonic uptake. Although definitive diagnosis requires colonoscopy, PET/MR imaging can help evaluate the colon by correlating regions of uptake with appearance on MR images.
Teratogenic and Behavioral Anomalies Induced by Acute Exposure of Mice to Ethanol and Their Possible Relation to Fetal Brain DNA Synthesis

Physical and behavioral anomalies of fetal alcohol syndrome were studied after the i.p. administration of a single 3- or 6-g/kg dose of ethanol (25%, v/v) to gravid mice on either day 15 or day 18 of gestation. The physical effects of ethanol administered on either day 8, day 10, or day 12 of gestation (N = 6/group) were also examined and compared to the saline-administered controls. The identification of these anomalies and the effect of ethanol on the rate of fetal brain DNA synthesis were investigated. The physical anomalies were identified by standard procedures. Behavioral anomalies were measured as the inhibition of the development of various neonatal reflexes (N = 6–13/group) as compared to the saline-administered controls. The possible mechanism for these ethanol-induced abnormalities was identified by using [3H]thymidine to measure the rate of DNA synthesis (N = 6/ group) in fetal mouse brains. Blood alcohol concentrations (N = 6/group) ranged from 410.2 mg/dl at 30 min to 25.8 mg/dl at 4.5 hr following the dosage of 3 g/kg of ethanol. Concentrations following the dosage of 6 g/kg of ethanol ranged from 753.7 mg/dl at 15 min to 127.1 mg/dl at 10.5 hr postinjection. Fetal and maternal weight gains were significantly inhibited compared to those of the controls. Various cranial facial, urogenital, skeletal, and cardiovascular anomalies were observed (P ≤ 0.05). Delays in the onset of the air and surface righting, visual placing, and negative geotaxis reflexes were observed for the ethanol-treated neonates, as compared to control values. The rate of DNA synthesis in the ethanol-group fetal mouse brains was significantly less than the control values.
The 55th Design Automation Conference

The 55th Design Automation Conference (DAC) was held at the Moscone Center West, San Francisco, CA, USA, on 24–28 June 2018. After 54 years, DAC continues to be the premier conference for design and design automation from chips to systems, where attendees learn today and create tomorrow.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Conjugated Light-Emitting Polymers

Novel fluorene-based conjugated light-emitting polymers have been designed and synthesized. By varying the compositions of the polymer backbone, the charge-injecting and -transporting properties of the polymers were significantly improved. The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using these polymers as the emissive layers exhibited low turn-on voltage, a high external quantum efficiency, and high brightness due to balanced electron and hole conductivity.
A novel kinase function of a nucleoside-diphosphate-kinase homologue in Porphyromonas gingivalis is critical in subversion of host cell apoptosis by targeting heat-shock protein 27.

We have previously shown that a homologue of a conserved nucleoside-diphosphate-kinase (Ndk) family of multifunctional enzymes and secreted molecule in Porphyromonas gingivalis can modulate select host molecular pathways including downregulation of reactive-oxygen-species generation to promote bacterial survival in human gingival epithelial cells (GECs). In this study, we describe a novel kinase function for bacterial effector, P. gingivalis-Ndk, in abrogating epithelial cell death by phosphorylating heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) in GECs. Infection by P. gingivalis was recently suggested to increase phosphorylation of HSP27 in cancer-epithelial cells; however, the mechanism and biological significance of antiapoptotic phospho-HSP27 during infection has never been characterised. Interestingly, using glutathione S-transferase-rNdk pull-down analysed by mass spectrometry, we identified HSP27 in GECs as a strong binder of P. gingivalis-Ndk and further verified using confocal microscopy and ELISA. Therefore, we hypothesised P. gingivalis-Ndk can phosphorylate HSP27 for inhibition of apoptosis in GECs. We further employed P. gingivalis-Ndk protein constructs and an isogenic P. gingivalis-ndk-deficient-mutant strain for functional examination. P. gingivalis-infected GECs displayed significantly increased phospho-HSP27 compared with ndk-deficient-strain during 24 hr infection. Phospho-HSP27 was significantly increased by transfection of GFP-tagged-Ndk into uninfected-GECs, and in vitro phosphorylation assays revealed direct phosphorylation of HSP27 at serines 78 and 82 by P. gingivalis-Ndk. Depletion of HSP27 via siRNA significantly reversed resistance against staurosporine-mediated-apoptosis during infection. Transfection of recombinant P. gingivalis-Ndk protein into GECs substantially decreased staurosporine-induced-apoptosis. Finally, ndk-deficient-mutant strain was unable to inhibit staurosporine-induced Cytochrome C release/Caspase-9 activation. Thus, we show for the first time the phosphorylation of HSP27 by a bacterial effector-P. gingivalis-Ndk-and a novel function of Ndks that is directly involved in inhibition of host cell apoptosis and the subsequent bacterial survival.
Modeling and Control of a Multiport Converter based EV Charging Station with PV and Battery

As an environmental friendly vehicle, the increasing number of electrical vehicles (EVs) leads to a pressing need of widely distributed charging stations, especially due to the limited on-board battery capacity. However, fast charging stations, especially super-fast charging stations may stress power grid with potential overload at peaking time, sudden power gap and voltage sag. This paper discusses the detailed modeling of a multiport converter based EV charging station integrated with PV power generation, and battery energy storage system, by using ANSYS TwinBuilder. In this paper, the control scheme and combination of PV power generation, EV charging station, and battery energy storage (BES) provides improved stabilization including power gap balancing, peak shaving and valley filling, and voltage sag compensation. As a result, the influence on power grid is reduced due to the matching between daily charging demand and adequate daytime PV generation. Simulation results are presented to confirm the benefits at different modes of this proposed multiport EV charging circuits with the PV-BES configuration. Furthermore, SiC devices are employed to the EV charging station to further improve the efficiency. For different modes and functions, power losses and efficiency are investigated and compared in simulation with conventional Si devices based charging circuits.
From Mass to Motion: Conceptualizing and Measuring the Temporal Dynamics of Industry Clusters

This article outlines a temporal dynamics approach to the study of industry clusters. Despite extensive work on cluster size (or “mass”), little attention has been paid to their temporal dynamics (or “motion”). We propose that understanding cluster dynamics is important, because clusters are seldom stable, and cluster dynamics may have strategic implications not accounted for by existing approaches. We introduce a novel measure of cluster motion. Applying this measure to data on establishments in the U.S. computer and semiconductor industries, we document wide variation in cluster mass over time, both within and across regions. Furthermore, utilizing patent data, we find that cluster motion correlates with localized knowledge spillovers in ways different from cluster mass, suggesting that our approach may offer novel insights to strategy researchers.
Conceptual models for integer addition and subtraction

In this article, we report the findings of a study conducted with 6 Grade 8 students in the United States. The students posed stories for open number sentences involving addition and subtraction of...