cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nearest neighbors approach to multidimensional filtering

The necessity of filtering noisy data generated by multidimensional processes arises in many diverse settings. The direct application of the Kalman-Bucy results is hindered by dimensionality difficulties inherent in multidimensional problems. This paper shows that for linear steady-state problems significant dimensionality reductions can be accomplished thus making routine the solution of many interesting problems.
Developmental biology: Transgenic primate offspring.

Genetically engineered monkeys carrying a foreign gene that is passed on to their offspring provide a potentially valuable bridge between mouse models of disease and treatment for human disorders.
Bohaskaia monodontoides, a new monodontid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinoidea) from the Pliocene of the western North Atlantic Ocean

ABSTRACT Here we describe Bohaskaia monodontoides, a new taxon of beluga-like odontocete cetacean from the early Pliocene Yorktown Formation of Virginia and North Carolina. Among odontocetes, Bohaskaia shares key characteristics of the rostrum and face with belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), narwhals (Monodon monoceros), and Denebola brachycephala from the late Miocene of Baja California, thus placing it as a member of the Monodontidae. It also displays autapomorphies that merit its placement in a new genus and species. Both Denebola and Bohaskaia occurred in warmer latitudes than those of extant monodontids, even accounting for extralimital records. Such data from the fossil record of Monodontidae indicates that putative cold climate adaptations of living monodontids might have appeared under different environmental conditions and that their Holarctic and sub-Arctic distribution is a relatively recent phenomenon.
A Compact Microwave Ion Source

A small microwave ion source has been fabricated from a quartz tube with one end enclosed by a two grid accelerator. The source is also enclosed by a cavity operated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Microwave power as high as 500 W can be coupled to the source plasma. The source has been operated with and without multicusp fields for different gases. In the case of hydrogen, ion current density of 200 mA/cm-2 with atomic ion species concentration as high as 80% has been extracted from the source.
Aluminum Complexes Incorporating Bulky Nitrogen and Sulfur Donor Ligands

The synthesis and structures of aluminum complexes incorporating bulky thioamidate (RC(NR‘)S-), thioureido (R‘HNC(NR‘)S-), and amidinate (RC(NR‘)2-) ligands are described. The reaction of AlMe3 with AdNCS (Ad = 1-adamantyl) affords the insertion product {MeC(NAd)S}AlMe2 (1), which binds 1 equiv of AlMe3 to generate {MeC(NAd)S}AlMe2·AlMe3 (2). The alkane elimination reaction of AlMe3 and N,N‘-disubstituted thiourea derivatives, (R‘HN)2CS, affords thioureido complexes {R‘HNC(NR‘)S}AlMe2 (3a, R‘ = Ad; 3b, R‘ = Ar = 2,6-iPr2−Ph). Carbodiimides, R‘NCNR‘, react with AlMe3 to afford acetamidinate compounds {MeC(NR‘)2}AlMe2 (4a, R‘ = Ad; 4b, R‘ = Ar). Sequential addition of tBuLi and AlX2Cl (X = Cl, Me) to R‘NCNR‘ affords pivamidinate compounds {tBuC(NR‘)2}AlCl2 (5b, R‘ = Ar) and {tBuC(NR‘)2}AlMe2 (6a, R‘ = Ad; 6b, R‘ = Ar). Complexes 1, 3a, 6a, and 6b have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
A buffer cache management scheme exploiting both temporal and spatial localities

On-disk sequentiality of requested blocks, or their spatial locality, is critical to real disk performance where the throughput of access to sequentially-placed disk blocks can be an order of magnitude higher than that of access to randomly-placed blocks. Unfortunately, spatial locality of cached blocks is largely ignored, and only temporal locality is considered in current system buffer cache managements. Thus, disk performance for workloads without dominant sequential accesses can be seriously degraded. To address this problem, we propose a scheme called DULO (DUal LOcality) which exploits both temporal and spatial localities in the buffer cache management. Leveraging the filtering effect of the buffer cache, DULO can influence the I/O request stream by making the requests passed to the disk more sequential, thus significantly increasing the effectiveness of I/O scheduling and prefetching for disk performance improvements.We have implemented a prototype of DULO in Linux 2.6.11. The implementation shows that DULO can significantly increases disk I/O throughput for real-world applications such as a Web server, TPC benchmark, file system benchmark, and scientific programs. It reduces their execution times by as much as 53p.
1918 Spanish influenza: the secrets remain elusive.

Interest in the causative agent of the 1918 pandemic is not new. Because no viruses from the period are available, serological epidemiology has been used to trace the virus. The first childhood infection with an influenza virus leaves an indelible immunological imprint, aptly termed “original antigen sin” (2). Subsequent exposure to an antigenically related variant induces an anamnestic response to the original virus and a primary response to the variant. Sero-archeological studies of samples from humans born in the time period from 1918 to 1920 have shown that the original sinner was a virus closely related to A/Swine/Iowa/30 (H1N1) (3–5). With the advent of reverse transcriptase–PCR technology, archivally stored tissues now can be examined for the footprints of the 1918 influenza virus. Archived material comes in two forms: formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from infected humans, or tissues from infected persons who were buried in the permafrost. In this issue of the Proceedings, Reid et al. (6) report the complete sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the 1918 influenza virus isolated from samples taken from three people who died of acute influenza in September and November 1918. Two samples were from paraffin blocks containing lung tissue from young soldiers, which had …
The time course of functional alterations in degenerating dorsal column afferents to lateral cuneate nucleus

Abstract Unilateral dorsal funiculotomies at the C5 level were done in 13 adult cats. At 24-hr intervals from 24 to 120 hr after funiculotomy the function of the dorsal column afferents to the lateral cuneate nucleus was studied. Synaptic function was compromised by 24 hr and essentially absent by 48 hr. Cortically induced primary afferent depolarization in the dorsal column terminals in lateral cuneate nucleus was present at 24 hr but could not be detected at 48 hr or later. Axonal conduction persisted for 48 hr but was not detected at 72 hr. These results are compared to the development of deafferentation hyperactivity in lateral cuneate nucleus neurons and to the sequence of fine structural alterations in the lateral cuneate nucleus following dorsal rhizotomy.
Sixth Avenue Heartache Race, Commemoration, and the Colorblind Consensus in Zephyrhills, Florida, 2003–2004

This article examines the controversy surrounding the renaming of a street for Martin Luther King Jr. in the city of Zephyrhills, Florida in 2003–2004. By paying close attention to the language deployed during a series of contentious city council meetings, the author traces how Zephyrhills’s divisive history and neoliberal spatial order kept white residents from grappling with the city’s legacy of racism, inequality, residential segregation, and memory of the Civil Rights movement. Ultimately, it reveals Americans’ limited capacity to recognize and discuss race in the post–Civil Rights era.
Jeffrey Alexander and the search for multi-dimensional theory

The publication of Jeffrey Alexander's four-volume Theoretical Logic in Sociology was unquestionably a historic event in at least one respect: it marks the entry of sociological publishing into the era of mega-hype. Never before has a sociological work been trumpeted by such lavish advertising, by such elaborate physical production, and by such a range of support from the big names of the discipline. Even Alvin Gouldner joined in, with his statement that "the publication of this work will be a major event in the lives of American sociologists." Rarely have the advance comments been so adulatory; rarely have the post-publication reviewers been so vituperative. The huge promotional build-up created a backlash; it has been hard to find a review that was favorable, or even temperate in its criticism.
Photovoltaic canopies : thermodynamics to achieve a sustainable systems approach to mitigate the urban heat island hysteresis lag effect

At a time of greater attention to global climate change and increased costs of energy, our planet is rapidly urbanizing and transitioning regions from the natural rural vegetation to man-made urban engineered infrastructure. The anthropogenic-induced change has manifested itself in micro-scale and meso-scale increase in temperatures in comparison to adjacent rural regions which is known as the urban heat island effect Δ T u− r; (Oke 1987, Brazel 2003) and results in the increased need of electricity for mechanical cooling as well as various adverse environmental, social, and economic consequences for local and global communities (Golden 2004). Prior research has documented that between 29% and 45% of the urban fabric comprised paved surfaces to support mobility (Akbari et al. 1999). The increase in paved surfaces as a function of thermodynamics alters the urban energy budget due to changes in albedo, thermal mass as well as conduction, convection, and evapotranspiration. An emerging engineering option to ...
Higher rate of comorbidities after cardiac retransplantation contributes to decreased survival

Background Cardiac retransplantation is the definitive treatment for allograft failure despite decreased long-term survival in these patients. The cause of the poorer outcomes in cardiac retransplant patients is unclear. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of 859 adult cardiac transplant patients. Of these, 45 (5.7%) underwent cardiac retransplantation at 8.2 ± 5.3 (mean ± SD) years after the first transplant, primarily for severe transplant vasculopathy ( n = 42). Results One-year survival for retransplant patients was significantly lower compared with de novo transplant patients (75% vs 87%; p n = 8), infection ( n = 6), rejection ( n = 3), sudden death ( n = 2), recurrent transplant coronary artery disease ( n = 2) or post-operative bleeding ( n = 1). Conclusion Although cardiac retransplantation has immediate life-saving benefits, survival is lower compared with de novo cardiac transplantation due to higher rates of malignancy and infection.
Regulation of Odor Receptor Genes in Trichoid Sensilla of the Drosophila Antenna

This study concerns the problem of odor receptor gene choice in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. From a family of 60 Odor receptor genes, only one or a small number are selected for expression by each olfactory receptor neuron. Little is known about how an olfactory receptor neuron selects a receptor, or how the nucleotide sequences flanking a receptor gene dictate its expression in a particular neuron. Previous investigation has primarily concerned the maxillary palp, the simpler of the fly's two olfactory organs. Here we focus on genes encoding four antennal receptors that respond to fly odors in an in vivo expression system. To investigate the logic of odor receptor expression, we carry out a genetic analysis of their upstream regulatory sequences. Deletion analysis reveals that relatively short regulatory regions are sufficient to confer expression in the appropriate neurons, with limited if any misexpression. We find evidence for both positive and negative regulation. Multiple repressive functions restrict expression to the antenna, to a region of the antenna, and to neurons. Through deletion and base substitution mutagenesis we identify GCAATTA elements and find evidence that they act in both positive and negative regulation.
Light scattering from coated spheres: model for biological cells.

Efficient methods for the calculation of light scattering intensity functions for concentrically coated spheres (~10-μ diam) are discussed. This model represents many types of biological cells whose nuclei have a low refractive index (~1.1) and cytoplasms with a slightly lower refractive index. Studies are made on the relationships between the scattering coefficients for nonabsorbing, spherically symmetric scatterers. The physical origin of these coefficients is examined for absorbingscatterers. A comparison of the angular half-width of the scattered intensity functions for the coated sphere and an equivalent homogeneous sphere shows that diffraction dominates the small angle scattering in both cases. At larger angles, the coated sphere scattering pattern is more structured and quite sensitive to core sphere size, suggesting a possible method of distinguishing types of biological cells that are similar in gross size but different in internal detail.
Cross entropy minimization for efficient estimation of SRAM failure rate

As the semiconductor technology scales down to 45nm and below, process variations have a profound effect on SRAM cells and an urgent need is to develop fast statistical tools which can accurately estimate the extremely small failure probability of SRAM cells. In this paper, we adopt the Importance Sampling (IS) based information theory inspired Minimum Cross Entropy method, to propose a general technique to quickly evaluate the failure probability of SRAM cells. In particular, we first mathematically formulate the failure of SRAM cells such that the concept of ‘Cross Entropy Distance’ can be leveraged, and the distance between the ideal distribution for IS and the practical distribution for IS (which is used for generating samples), is well-defined. This cross entropy distance is now minimized resulting in a simple analytical solution to obtain the optimal practical distribution for IS, thereby expediting the convergence of estimation. The experimental results of a commercial 45nm SRAM cell demonstrate that for the same accuracy, the proposed method yields computational savings on the order of 17∼50X over the existing state-of-the-art techniques.
Ethanol—toluene–water as solvent mixture for extraction of nonpolymer from GR‐S

A solvent prepared by mixing 70 parts by volume of ethanol, 30 parts of toluene, and 10 parts of water is found to be a suitable solvent for the extraction of organic nonrubber material from GR-S. The presence of the water has no effect on the rate of extraction of the nonrubber, while it reduces the extractibility of low molecular polymer to one-tenth of that found in the absence of water in the solvent. A procedure is described for the determination of small amounts of GR-S in the extracts. This procedure is based on the quantitative precipitation of the ICl addition product of the rubber from a chloroform solution by addition of ethanol. A routine procedure for the determination of the amount of rubber in GR-S is given.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INSECT ATTRACTANT LIPIDS.

Isolation and characterization of the naturally occurring sex attractants of the silkworm moth (Bombyx mori), gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar), cotton leafworm (Prodenia litura), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), an introduced pine sawfly (Diprion similis), and mating attractants of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) are discussed.
Estrogen receptor alpha containing neurons in the monkey forebrain: lack of association with calcium binding proteins and choline acetyltransferase.

Abstract The present study used single and dual immunohistochemistry to determine the topography and chemical phenotype of ERα containing neurons within the monkey forebrain utilizing antibodies directed against the full-length human ERα (NCL-ER-6F11), calcium-binding proteins calbindin-D 28k , and parvalbumin as well as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Our findings demonstrate for the first time ERα immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the monkey cerebral cortex (layers I–II) and in the claustrum. In addition, ERα-ir cells were seen in the septum, basal forebrain, amygdala and hypothalamus. Double-labeled cells for ERα and calbindin-D 28k were seen only in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. In contrast, the co-localization of ERα and parvalbumin or ChAT was not seen in any of the areas of the monkey forebrain examined. These observations suggest that estrogens, at least in part, via ERα regulate calbindin-D 28k hypothalamic but not parvalbumin or ChAT containing neurons in select monkey forebrain regions.
Gold-Point Arbitrage and Uncovered Interest Arbitrage under the 1925-1931 Dollar-Sterling Gold Standard

Abstract Efficient gold-point arbitrage confines the exchange rate to the gold-point spread, but efficient uncovered interest arbitrage stabilizes the exchange rate even more, locating it within a narrower "speculation band." Under the 1925-1931 dollar-sterling gold standard, gold-point arbitrage was uniformly efficient, but uncovered interest arbitrage exhibited periodic episodes of apparent inefficiency, susceptible to various explanations. Gold-point arbitrage and uncovered interest arbitrage reinforce each other′s efficiency, thereby enhancing exchange-rate stability. In fact, the dollar-sterling exchange rate during the interwar gold standard was considerably more stable than that in the classical period.
Modeling the Effect of Moisture on Resilient Modulus of Untreated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a base layer is increasing as quality aggregate becomes scarcer and more expensive. Moisture content is known to have a great impact on the resilient modulus (MR) of granular materials, and several researchers have devoted effort to develop and verify analytical models to describe that impact. Limited work has been done to quantify the effect of moisture content on RAP as a base layer. It has not been determined whether the existence of aged binder will allow designers to use the same analytical models developed for granular materials. This study investigated the effect of moisture content on the MR of a base layer that contained RAP, compared the effect of moisture content on RAP with the effect on typical base material, and reviewed the literature to select a model that would analytically predict changes in the MR of untreated RAP as a result of changes in moisture content.
Industrial Energy Audits via Thermal-Fluid System Design Course Projects

The staggering cost of energy has become a major challenge for industrial facilities in their constant effort to reduce product cost. For some manufacturing industries in the United States, the energy cost has even exceeded labor cost of their products. Staying viable in a world with a large appetite for energy resources depends on making energy efficient practices a part of day-to-day operation. Engineering programs need to prepare prospective engineers to become critical thinkers in the area of energy usage. This paper outlines the process of industrial energy audit projects conducted in senior level thermal-fluid design classes at the University of Wisconsin–Platteville (UWP) and University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR). In the frame of project work, each student team visited a local industrial facility, found out facility’s energy consumption data, identified and evaluated opportunities for energy saving. Total of eight projects were carried out for diverse manufacturing industries such as iron melting foundry, engine industry, aircraft and vehicle industries in Northeast Wisconsin and Central Arkansas. The energy audit reports included energy assessments of various systems such as fans, air compressors and compressed air lines, lighting, and motors. The energy audit reports also evaluated redesign of a large cooling water pipe network and design of a Rankine cycle to utilize the large amount of heat wasted during the iron melting process.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Effect of concanavalin A on lymph node macrophages: stimulation of endocytic cisternae

Incubation of isolated lymph node macrophages with concanavalin A (Con A) resulted in a dense and continuous labeling of the plasmalemma and filopodia which were closely adherent to each other and the cell surface. Within a short time period (3-5 min), membranes of the closely apposed filopodia became invaginated into the cytoplasm to form numerous interconnecting cisternae. After 10 min the system of internalized membranes had migrated into the deeper cytoplasm and was closely associated with numerous actin filaments and other components of the cytoskeleton. The internalized plasmalemma remained in the cytoplasm up to 24 hr without fusing with lysosomes. Concomitant with plasmalemmal invagination and the formation of cisternae there were also changes in the Golgi apparatus. These appeared in the form of hypertrophied Golgi saccules and the accumulation of numerous vesicles around the Golgi. Treatment of isolated lymph node macrophages with either succinylated Con A, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, or ferritin particles alone failed to produce the cisternal structures. The results suggested that the tetravalency of Con A may be responsible for the binding of adjacent Con A-labeled membranes to each other and for maintaining a crosslinking of membranes during invagination and internalization. It is suggested that this process of extensive membrane internalization represents a specialized form of endocytosis. At 24 hr after incubation with Con A, cisternal structures in close proximity to the Golgi vesicles showed signs of degradation. By 48 hr there was a breakdown of cisternal membranes with a release of Con A marker particles into large phagocytic vesicles, which also showed reaction product for acid phosphatase, suggesting a fusion with lysosomes.
Slotted advance reservation for multicast-incapable optical wavelength division multiplexing networks

In this paper we investigate techniques for provisioning advance reservation (AR) multicast requests in multicast-incapable (MI) networks, which lack the ability to split an incoming signal to multiple output ports, without performing an O-E-O conversion. AR traffic consists of connection requests that arrive and reserve network resources at some time before they need them to ensure better qualityof service than on-demand requests would receive. The traditional approach of providing multicast support in MI networks is to use an overlay approach in which a set of lightpaths is established from the source to each multicast destination member independently. This approach is wasteful of wavelength resources, particularly as the multicast destination set grows. We propose two alternative overlay approaches that take advantage of multiple-hop overlay-tree structures to limit the consumption of wavelengths in the network. We investigate static traffic scenarios on various network topologies and develop integer linear programs (ILPs) to optimally solve all three of the overlay-tree problems presented in this work with the goal of minimizing the total number of wavelengths required to service a multicast request set. We also present efficient heuristics that build and select overlay-trees that lower dynamic connection blocking and wavelength consumption. We compare the heuristics to the optimal ILPs on a small-scale network, and then further evaluate the heuristics on several large-scale topologies. In all scenarios, we are able to conclude that by sacrificing a minimization of O-E-O conversions, our more flexible overlay approaches, called drop at member node (MI-DMN) and dropatany node (MI-DAN), are superiorinterms of resource usage when compared with the traditional na��ve approach. Further dynamic traffic evaluations reveal that blocking may be lowered over the na��ve approach by more thantwoordersofmagnitudeatlowtomedium traffic loads.
The Genesis of the Aortic Standing Wave

On the basis of observations of arterial pulse forms in anesthetized dogs, a hypothesis is developed to account for the genesis of the aortic standing wave which is responsible for the dicrotic characteristics of pulses recorded from the abdominal-femoral system. A sudden lowering of resistance to pulse wave propagation in the region of the diaphragm and an increase in resistance in the peripheral femoral bed produce reflections which, because of the equivalent wave-lengths of the thoracic and abdominal-femoral segments of the aortic system, create a resonant oscillation of the aortic blood column between the root of the aorta and the femoral bed.
Toward an Enhanced Definition and Measurement of Purchasing's Strategic Role in Buyer–Supplier Relationships

ABSTRACT Purpose. The objectives of the paper are: (1) to extend the definition of the concept of supplier oriented purchasing behavior (SOPB), which are relationship-oriented purchasing practices emphasizing interpersonal skills, (2) to create a valid measure of SOPB, and (3) to discuss the implications of the SOPB construct and measure for future research and managerial application. Methodology/Approach. The SOPB construct was operationalized as a second-order construct. Data collection involved judgment sampling and survey methodology in a field setting using organizational buyers as subjects. Construct measures were based on existing measures and previous research. Measurement reliability and validity were established using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and an overall measurement model was assessed with structural equation modeling using LISREL 8.8 (Joreskong and Sorbom 2004). Findings. Analysis resulted in a 17-item, five-factor measure of SOPB. Hypotheses related to nomological validi...
Random Time Changes for Sock-Sorting and Other Stochastic Process Limit Theorems

A common technique in the theory of stochastic process is to replace a discrete time coordinate by a continuous randomized time, defined by an independent Poisson or other process. Once the analysis is complete on this poissonized process, translating the results back to the original setting may be nontrivial. It is shown here that, under fairly general conditions, if the process $S_n$ and the time change $\phi_n$ both converge, when normalized by the same constant, to limit processes combined process $S_n(\phi_n(t))$ converges, when properly normalized, to a sum of the limit of the orginal process, and the limit of the time change multiplied by the derivative of $E S_n$. It is also shown that earlier results on the fine structure of the maxima are preserved by these time changes.
On the contraction and dilation of the plastic support membranes under electron-beam irradiation in the transmission electron microscope

SUMMARY Time relation curves are given for Formvar membrane contraction or collodion membrane dilation under electron-beam irradiation. Also, numerical values are given for the contraction or dilation measured in different zones of the Formvar or collodion support membranes.
Three-dimensional compression of mesoscale meteorological data based on JPEG 2000

Computer modeling programs such as the Battlescale Forecast Model are capable of generating three-dimensional (3-D) Meteorological (Met) data with sufficiently fine spatial resolution to warrant a study of data compression methods for efficient storage and/or transmission of this data. This paper illustrates the potential benefits of applying lossy/irreversible data compression techniques to such Met variables as air pressure. Because of the advanced state of development of digital image compression methods such as the JPEG 2000 algorithm which is already an international standard, the approach considered and illustrated in this paper uses the two-dimensional (2-D), single-component JPEG 2000 algorithm on horizontal 2-D slices of data. Much better results are obtained by first pre-processing the 3-D data in the vertical direction by applying a one-dimensional, energy compacting, reversible linear transformation. The best possible pre-processing which involves the Karhunen-Loeve Transform which is shown to increases compression ratios for the same signal-to-noise ration (SNR) by a factor of 10 over the 2-D (no pre-processing) approach. Alternatively, for the same bit rate, the SNR is improved by up to 40 dB.
Dynamic Imaging of the Metaphase II Spindle and Maternal Chromosomesin Bovine Oocytes: Implications for Enucleation Efficiency Verification, Avoidanceof Parthenogenesis, and Successful Embryogenesis

Manipulations of DNA and cellular structures are essential for the propagation of genetically identical animals by nuclear transfer. However, none of the steps have been optimized yet. This study reports a protocol that improves live dynamic imaging of the unfertilized bovine oocyte's meiotic spindle microtubules with microinjected polymerization-competent X-rhodamine-tubulin and/or with vital long-wavelength excited DNA fluorochrome Sybr14 so that the maternal chromosomes can be verifiably removed to make enucleated eggs the starting point for cloning. Suitability of the new fluorochromes was compared to the conventional UV excitable Hoechst 33342 fluorochrome. Enucleation removed the smallest amount of cytoplasm (4-7%) and was 100% efficient only when performed under continuous fluorescence, i.e., longer fluorescence exposure. This was in part due to the finding that the second metaphase spindle is frequently displaced (60.7 +/- 10%) from its previously assumed location subjacent to the first polar body. Removal of as much as 24 +/- 3% of the oocyte cytoplasm underneath the polar body, in the absence of fluorochromes, often resulted in enucleation failure (36 +/- 6%). When labeled oocytes were exposed to fluorescence and later activated, development to the blastocyst stage was lowest in the group labeled with Hoechst 33342 (3%), when compared to Sybr14 (19%), rhodamine-tubulin (23%), or unlabeled oocytes (37%). This suggests that longer wavelength fluorochromes can be employed for live visualization of metaphase spindle components, verification of their complete removal during enucleation, and avoidance of the confusion between artifactual parthenogenesis versus "cloning" success, without compromising the oocyte's developmental potential after activation.
Don't Blame the Babies: Work Hour Mismatches and the Role of Children

Many authors suggest that having children leads to gaps between the number of hours people prefer to work and the hours they actually work. Existing research, however, offers mixed support for that claim. We discuss the roots of this popular but poorly supported hypothesis and offer the first review of research on the topic, paying special attention to the theoretical implications of previous findings. We also offer the first evaluation of the hypothesis using U.S. panel data. We find that one particular change, the transition from no children to one child, heightens the desire for fewer hours among men and women. Most arrivals and departures of children, however, are not closely connected to hour mismatches. In part, this is because some workers (particularly women) manage to change their actual hours to match their preferences, but it is also because children have modest effects on preferred hours (especially among men). In sum, having children brings many challenges, but our analysis indicates that children bear little responsibility for the work hour mismatches so many Americans report.
Determining the maximum open circuit voltage from absorber photoluminescence in the presence of tail states

We develop a general model for sub-bandgap absorption that includes the Urbach, Franz-Keldysh, and Thomas-Fermi models as limiting forms. Combination of this absorption scheme with a generalized Kirchhoff law for spontaneous emission of photons yields a model of photoluminescence (PL) with broad applicability to many semiconductors. This model allows for full-spectrum fitting of absolute intensity PL data and outputs: (1) the functional form of sub-bandgap absorption, (2) the energy broadening term (3) the direct bandgap, (4) the local temperature, and (5) the quasi-Fermi Level Splitting (QFLS). The accuracy of the model is demonstrated by fitting the room temperature PL spectrum of GaAs. It is then applied to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 and Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 to reveal the nature of their tail states. The extracted QFLS is shown to accurately predict the open-circuit voltage of devices fabricated from the materials.
A Report of an Anomalous Bifurcation of the Right Axillary Artery in Man Lyno E. Maraspin

The present report describes a variation of the axillary artery and its distribution to the axilla and thorax. In an adult white male cadaver an anomalous bifurcation was found to arise from the second part of the axillary artery. The artery bifurcated into superficial brachial and deep brachiothoracic branches. The lateral thoracic artery had a direct origin from the first part of the axillary artery. From the deep brachio-thoracic branch the following offshoots were evident: the independent anterior and posterior humeral circumflex, the subscapular, and a common trunk for the profunda branchii and superior ulnar collateral. The superficial brachial artery was the apparent con tinuation of the axillary artery in that it bifurcated into the radial and ulnar ar teries.
Perfluorocarbon-based medium for culture of the early chick embryo heart.

In an attempt to prolong the survival of the explanted early chick embryo heart, hearts at stages 10 to 28 were cultured in supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with or without the perfluorocarbon, perfluorotributylamine. The perfluorocarbon was added to the standard culture medium in a 50∶50 (vol/vol) mixture. Explants were evaluated daily and were harvested for light microscopy after 2 to 10 d in culture. The tubular shape of the explants was generally maintained for 2 d in culture, after which the hearts became dilated or spherical. Beating was noted in some of the explants on Day 2 in culture but not thereafter. Microscopic evaluation showed patchy areas of necrosis in all explants by Day 3, although large areas of viable epithelioid cells were documented as long as 7 d after explantation. State 16 to 18 hearts cultured in the presence of perfluorocarbon were more likely to maintain tubular architecture on microscopy than hearts cultured in standard medium. Hearts cultured from later stages showed no improvement in appearance with the presence of perfluorocarbon and there was a suggestion of increased necrosis in later-stage explants cultured with pefluorocarbon for 4 d. Further modification of the culture system will be required to prolong explant survival and development beyond 2 d.
Neuregulin-regulated gene expression in mammary carcinoma cells

Recent studies have suggested that autocrine production of Neuregulin (NRG), a growth factor that activates members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/ErbB family of proto-oncogenes, is sufficient for breast tumor initiation and progression. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating these events, we undertook a global analysis of genes regulated by NRG in luminal mammary epithelial cell lines. Gene expression profiling of estrogen receptor-positive T47D cells exposed to NRG-1 revealed both previously identified and novel targets of NRG activation. Profiling of other estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and SUM44, yielded a group of twenty-one genes whose transcripts are upregulated by NRG in all three lines tested. The NRG targets are FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, Early growth response 1, v-jun avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog, Activating transcription factor 3, Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ31636 fis, Jun B proto-oncogene, Forkhead box C1, Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, NADPH-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase, Dual specificity phosphatase 5, NGF inducible protein TIS21, Connective tissue growth factor, Jun D proto-oncogene, Serum response factor, Cullin 1, v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene, Transient receptor potential channel 1, Low density lipoprotein receptor, Transforming growth factor beta 1, Nucleoporin 88 kDa, and Pleckstrin homology-like domain A1. Since NRG activation of these cells induces resistance to anti-hormonal therapy, the identified genes may provide clues to molecular events regulating mammary tumor progression and hormone independence.
An experimental approach to the estimation of diffusive displacement parameters for bimolecular reactions in solution

Abstract The quantum yield of self-sensitised photoperoxidation of reactive O2(1Δ) acceptors M approaches a finite limiting value at high concentrations of added O21Δ scavenger, consistent with the re-encounter of M(S0) with O2(1Δ) produced in the same M(T1) + O2(3Σ) annihilation event. The reactive encounter probability pM provides values of the same parameter pQ and 3pQ for the dynamically equivalent quenching processes M(S1) + O2(3Σ) and M(T1) + O2(3Σ) which afford estimates of the equilibrium reaction rate constants k0 close to the gas phase values, an encounter diameter of 6.7 A for M = anthracene, a root mean square diffusive displacement σ ≈ 2A and relative displacement frequency ν ≈ 1012 s−1 in benzene at 25°C.
Transient analysis of a switched Poisson arrival queue under overload control

Abstract This paper studies the transient behavior of a Switched Poisson Arrival Queue (SPAQ) under overload control. The queue has infinite buffer capacity with an exponential server. A switched Poisson process is used to represent an aggregated voice/data packet arrival process in integrated services networks. By overload control, we mean to properly adapt the arrival process once the buffer contents exceed a designated level. The probability distribution of queue length as a function of time is obtained. The temporal effect of the overload control is measured in two forms. While in overload, we measure the amount of time for the queue to fall into an underload period. While in underload, we measure the amount of time for the queue to rise to an overload period. a proper design of the control will not only reduce the fall time but also increase the rise time, to protect high priority and time constrained services. Our study provides important information to overload control design on packet switching networks. We also explore the transient queueing behavior as affected by time stochastic properties of the underlying two-state Markov chain for the arrival process.
Ethics, Violence, and Counseling: Hear No Evil, See No Evil, Speak No Evil?.

Situations involving violence directed either at a client or by a client pose ethical and legal dilemmas for the mental health professional. The authors present information concerning both ethical and legal aspects of violence as they relate to client welfare, dangerousness, confidentiality or duty to warn, and counselor violence. In certain situations, case material is used to illustrate both the ethical standards and the laws and statutes that provide directives for professional behavior.
Robust Recollection Rejection in the Memory Conjunction Paradigm.

The present research provides compelling evidence for recollection rejection in the memory conjunction paradigm. In Experiment 1, warnings provided at time of test were shown to reduce memory conjunction errors. Moreover, the authors found substantial evidence of recollection rejection and phantom recollection. In Experiment 2, the authors manipulated how often study items were presented. Participants were told that they could earn a cash payoff for being accurate. Recognition of conjunction lures was lower in the multiple presentation condition. However, the payoff manipulation did not significantly interact with item type. The authors obtained evidence of robust recollection rejection from 3 different dependent measures. Consistent with Experiment 1, they also found evidence of phantom recollection. These findings provide evidence that recollection rejection can be quite robust in the memory conjunction paradigm.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Associated With Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a well-recognized syndrome associated with thrombosis and multiple potential clinical sequelae. We report a case of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, a known but rare complication of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia complicating a routine coronary artery bypass surgery. Thrombocytopenia, abdominal pain, and signs of adrenal insufficiency in the context of heparin treatment should raise suspicion of this unusual complication.
Can older women with early breast cancer avoid radiation

Lancet Oncology, The - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since jeudi 29 janvier 2015
Accelerated treatment using intensity‐modulated radiation therapy plus concurrent capecitabine for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have limited treatment options. In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy associated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent, chronomodulated capecitabine in the treatment of unresectable HCC. METHODS: Twenty patients underwent treatment planning for HCC confined to the liver with helical tomotherapy-based IMRT. Fifty-five percent of patients had Child-Pugh Class A disease, and 45% of patients had Class B disease. Ninety-five percent of patients were prescribed 50 gray (Gy) of radiotherapy to the planning target volume delivered in 20 fractions with concurrent, chronomodulated capecitabine. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization preceded radiotherapy in 11 patients, and 9 patients received IMRT alone because of portal vein thrombosis, esophageal varices, or tumor size. RESULTS: The mean greatest tumor dimension was 9 cm (range, 1.3-17.4 cm), the mean dose to normal liver was 22.6 Gy (range, 10-29.2 Gy), and the average volume of liver that received >30 Gy (V30) was 27.2% (range, 12%-43%). Eighteen patients (90%) completed the prescribed treatment of 50 Gy. There was no increase from baseline in acute or late toxicity greater than 2 grades. Partial response or disease stability was achieved at 3 months to 6 months after treatment in 15 of 16 patients (94%). The median survival (±standard deviation) for patients who had Child-Pugh Class A and B disease was 22.5 ± 5.1 months and 8 ± 3.3 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this initial experience with accelerated IMRT plus capecitabine for patients who had large HCC lesions, the results demonstrated acceptable toxicity with promising local control. The relatively low acute and late toxicity observed with this program suggested that dose intensification can be incorporated into the treatment regimen if needed. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A STUDY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN STRUCTURE III. AN ESTIMATE OF THE VARIABILITY OF HUMAN LIGHT CHAINS

102 human Bence Jones proteins have been purified by gel filtration, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by peptide mapping. In several cases Bence Jones "fragments", corresponding to the variable half of the corresponding proteins, were observed. The peptide maps of the proteins were compared to establish whether any identical proteins were present in the sample analyzed. No Bence Jones protein showed a peptide map identical to that of any other protein, although remarkable similarities in the peptide maps were observed for some proteins. Two proteins that gave very similar peptide maps were then examined in detail, by purifying and analyzing the tryptic peptides. It was then found that these two proteins differ in amino acid sequence in at least six positions. The probability of not finding two identical sequences by examining a sample extracted from populations of light chains of different sizes has been calculated. This has led to an estimate of the minimal size of the population of light chain sequences in humans. The number of light chain sequences appears to be at least a few thousand. Information on the frequency of Inv and Oz antigenic determinants and on the relative frequency of subtypes of K chains has been obtained. Proteins of KI subtype are found most frequently. The possibility that different subtypes may be predominant in different species is discussed in relation to the evolutionary arguments used in favor of the somatic theories on the origin of variability of immunoglobulin chains.
Sequence and length dependent thermodynamic differences in heterocyclic diamidine interactions at AT base pairs in the DNA minor groove.

Abstract With the goal of developing a better understanding of the antiparasitic biological action of DB75, we have evaluated its interaction with duplex alternating and nonalternating sequence AT polymers and oligomers. These DNAs provide an important pair of sequences in a detailed thermodynamic analysis of variations in interaction of DB75 with AT sites. The results for DB75 binding to the alternating and nonalternating AT sequences are quite different at the fundamental thermodynamic level. Although the Gibbs energies are similar, the enthalpies for DB75 binding with poly(dA)·poly(dT) and poly(dA-dT)·poly(dA-dT) are + 3.1 and − 4.5 kcal/mol, respectively, while the binding entropies are 41.7 and 15.2 cal/mol·K, respectively. The underlying thermodynamics of binding to AT sites in the minor groove plays a key role in the recognition process. It was also observed that DB75 binding with poly(dA)·poly(dT) can induce T·A·T triplet formation and the compound binds strongly to the dT·dA·dT triplex.
Service quality: a fulfilment‐oriented and interactions‐centred approach

This paper proposes a different approach to, and definition of, service quality. Service quality is framed as being dependent on composite results that a service provider and its systems offer a customer. In contrast to the approach that depicts service quality as a discrepancy construct, this paper frames the concept as a fulfilment‐oriented construct. The premise of the paper is that each services sector should have service quality criteria that specifically fit its features and characteristics. To implement a context‐dependent services quality instrument, it is argued that managers could use a service quality grid to classify firms according to their outcomes and dominant service‐encounter interactions. Three kinds of dominant interactions are introduced: customer‐to‐staff, customer‐to‐technology, and customer‐to‐product/services. Three central recommendations are proposed. First, it is important for managers to define their services in terms of the dominant service interactions. Second, managers should develop their service‐quality instruments around the dominant interactions of their particular sector. Third, managers should develop service‐quality question items using the paired criteria approach to capture customer experiences during service interactions.