cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design component and system reliability in a low-rise cold formed steel framed commercial building

Abstract Target structural reliabilities are implicit in most modern design codes and yet efficiency of design and construction as well as the presence of constraints on the design space mean that structural components in a building system may have as-designed reliabilities that differ from the target reliabilities. This paper presents an investigation of this phenomenon through a detailed examination of the two story cold-formed steel framed building designed and tested as part of the CFS-NEES project and seeks to use this case study to elucidate features of the component and system reliabilities that may prevail in typically designed buildings. Specifically, for the gravity load system of the second floor and the lateral force resisting system the demand to capacity ( D / C ) ratios and reliabilities ( β ) are calculated. The results of these calculations illustrate the excess and highly variable D/C ratios and reliabilities that result from efficient design procedures. Since the ultimate goal of structural design is to ensure performance of the structural system at a target level of reliability the influence of excess and variable component reliability on reliability of the lateral force resisting system is examined by making assumptions about series and parallel-type interaction of the floor diaphragm and shear walls. Finally, discussion is presented about the role of load combinations and their associated coefficients of variation in determining component and system reliability in a cold-formed steel framed building. Future considerations include more robust, high fidelity, modeling of the system effects and evaluation of excess capacity and variability of reliability across suites of other building designs and structural systems such as roof trusses.
Heterogeneous extreme learning machines

The developments in communication, sensor and computing technologies are generating information at increasing rates and the nature of the data is becoming highly heterogeneous. Accordingly, the objects under study are described by collections of variables of very different kinds (e.g. numeric, non-numeric, images, signals, videos, documents, etc.) with different degrees of imprecision and incompleteness. Many data mining and machine learning methods do not handle heterogeneity well, requiring variables of the same type, information completeness (or imputation), also assuming no imprecision. Extreme learning machines (ELM) are very interesting computational algorithms because of their structural simplicity, their good performance and their speed. Accordingly, extending their scope by making them capable of processing heterogeneous information may increase their attractiveness as a modeling tool for addressing complex problems. ELMs are discussed in the context of heterogeneous data and approaches to build ELMs capable of performing classification and regression tasks in such cases are presented. Their performance is illustrated with real world examples of classification and regression involving heterogeneous information with scalar data described by nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, and fuzzy variables as well as with entire empirical probability distributions as predictor variables.
Information literacy in science writing: how students find, identify, and use scientific literature

ABSTRACTFor undergraduate students to achieve science literacy, they must first develop information literacy skils. These skills align with Information Literacy Standards and include determining appropriate databases, distinguishing among resource types, and citing resources ethically. To effectively improve information literacy and science literacy, we must identify how students interact with authentic scientific texts. In this case study, we addressed this aim by embedding a science librarian into a science writing course, where students wrote a literature review on a research topic of their choice. Library instruction was further integrated through the use of an online guide and outside assistance. To evaluate the evolution of information literacy in our students and provide evidence of student practices, we used task-scaffolded writing assessments, a reflection, and surveys. We found that students improved their ability and confidence in finding research articles using discipline-specific databases as...
Benchmarking and Management Metrics in Utilization Management

In the current healthcare environment, clinical laboratories are under pressure to engage in continuous quality improvement projects and to decrease cost while increasing quality and safety. Controlling test utilization is a common initiative to meet these demands. Benchmarking can be a powerful tool to determine best practices related to utilization management, optimize test utilization, and monitor one’s progress. Before participating in benchmarking, laboratories need to decide what they hope to gain from this tool and how they will utilize the results. This chapter describes some available internal and external benchmarking tools that can be employed for utilization management, as well as each of their advantages and limitations. Common metrics to measure and monitor success are also outlined. The importance of a robust information technology infrastructure to assist with consistent and reliable metrics is emphasized. To conclude, the overall process of benchmarking and metrics in utilization management is summarized.
Daily exposure to either a high- or low-energy-dense snack food reduces its reinforcing value in adolescents.

Objective To examine the impact of daily exposure to a low-energy-dense (LED) or a high-energy-dense (HED) snack food on its reinforcing value (RRV) in adolescents with healthy weight, overweight, or obesity. Methods A parallel-group, randomized trial was used to assess RRV of LED or HED snack food at baseline and again after exposure to that snack food daily for 2 weeks in 77 adolescents, aged 13 to 17 years. Information on eating-related subject characteristics was also collected at baseline. Results After 2 weeks of daily exposure, the RRV of the snack foods was significantly reduced in all participants, regardless of energy density or participant weight status. Among individuals who were high in dietary restraint only, those randomized to LED food found their snack food less reinforcing at baseline than those who were randomized to HED food. Baseline eating-related variables also differed as a function of weight status. Conclusions Daily exposure to snack food in adolescents reduces the RRV of that food regardless of snack food energy density or weight status of the adolescent. This finding differs from adults, suggesting that increases in RRV of HED food after repeated exposure may develop after adolescence.
Outdoor Environment and Pediatric Asthma: An Update on the Evidence from North America

Introduction. The evidence about the association between asthma and outdoor environmental factors has been inadequate for certain allergens. Even less is known about how these associations vary across seasons and climate regions. We reviewed recent literature from North America for research related to outdoor environmental factors and pediatric asthma, with attention to spatial-temporal variations of these associations. Method. We included indexed literature between years 2010 and 2015 on outdoor environmental factors and pediatric asthma, by searching PubMed. Results. Our search resulted in 33 manuscripts. Studies about the link between pediatric asthma and traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) consistently confirmed the correlation between TRAP and asthma. For general air pollution, the roles of PM2.5 and CO were consistent across studies. The link between asthma and O3 varied across seasons. Regional variation exists in the role of SO2. The impact of pollen was consistent across seasons, whereas the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was less consistent. Discussion. Recent studies strengthened the evidence about the roles of PM2.5, TRAP, CO, and pollen in asthma, while the evidence for roles of PM10-2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in asthma was less consistent. Spatial-temporal details of the environment are needed in future studies of asthma and environment.
Rules of Debate: Theory and Experiment

We present a game-theoretic model of debate and a laboratory experiment that explore how strategic incentives to make potentially persuasive arguments vary across different informational and institutional contexts. In our model, a key feature of the informational environment is the extent to which members of a debate audience are able to extract informational content from exposure to an argument that they find unconvincing. Our theoretical results show that when the informational content of unconvincing arguments is relatively high, speakers are discouraged from arguing irrespective of the distinct institutional rules of debate that we consider. By contrast, when the informational content of unconvincing arguments is relatively low, debate rules matter: speakers may be lead towards maximally or minimally informative debate, depending on the debate rule. In a laboratory experiment, we vary the informational and institutional settings for debate across four distinct treatments, and observe patterns of behavior which are broadly consistent with the predictions of our model. ∗Assistant Professor of Politics, NYU, e-mail: eric.dickson@nyu.edu †Associate Professor of Politics, NYU, e-mail: catherine.hafer@nyu.edu ‡Assistant Professor of Politics, NYU, e-mail: dimitri.landa@nyu.edu
Gabe, Grace and Jean Lipman-Blumen, MAKING ADULT STEPFAMILIES WORK: STRATEGIES FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY WHEN APARENT MARRIES LATER IN LIFE

Gabe, Grace and Jean Lipman-Blumen, MAKING ADULT STEPFAMILIES WORK: STRATEGIES FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY WHEN A PARENT MARRIES LATER IN LIFE. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 2005, soft cover, 336 pages. $14.95 US/$21.95 CANThere is relatively little guidance for couples, or their adult children, regarding the challenges and opportunities presented by the formation of an adult stepfamily. The scarcity of empirical research on later-in-life remarriages and the negative cultural stereotypes about stepfamilies in general provide little assistance for the increasingly large number of individuals, who as adults, find themselves dealing with step-relationships. Recognizing the need for objective advice and clear strategies, the authors of Making Adult Stepfamilies Work provide encouragement and tactics for those navigating the "brave new world of adult stepfamilies" (p. 315).The book is written from a systemic perspective with the stepfamily itself portrayed as a system. As such, any change in one part of the system produces a ripple effect throughout the other parts of the system. To illustrate their points, the authors draw from their interviews with 111 people in all the major roles in adult stepfamilies. Participants in their interviews varied in their racial and ethnic backgrounds, religious affiliations, and socioeconomic status. However, all participants had one characteristic in common: membership in an adult stepfamily. By weaving real stories into the text, as told by the interviewed participants, the reader is exposed to multiple viewpoints of the stepfamily experience.From their interviews, the authors identify certain problems that seem to beset every adult stepfamily. They name these problems the Five Furies: Fears of Abandonment and Isolation, Fidelity to Family, Favoritism, Finances, and Focus on Self to the Exclusion of Others. The authors are quick to point out the Five Furies do not destine an adult stepfamily for failure. Clearly, parents and adult children who for the first time find themselves in stepfamilies will likely encounter numerous challenges. However, for the individuals who apply the recommended strategies, the authors foretell five hidden treasures which can be achieved via the experience in an adult stepfamily: (a) fulfilling remarriage and the consequent surge in parental happiness; (b) facilitating objectivity, maturity, and wisdom; (c) friendships with a stepparent or adult stepchild; (d) fraternity of siblings and stepsiblings; and (e) freedom from filial responsibility. …
On the analysis of collaborative anonymity set formation (CASF) method for privacy in the smart grid

The collection of high frequency metering data in the emerging smart grid gives rise to the concern of consumer privacy. Anonymization of metering data is one of the proposed approaches in the literature, which enables transmission of unmasked data while preserving the privacy of the sender. Distributed anonymization methods can reduce the dependency on service providers, thus promising more privacy for the consumers. However, the distributed communication among the end-users introduces overhead and requires methods to prevent external attacks. In this paper, we propose four variants of a distributed anonymization method for smart metering data privacy, referred to as the Collaborative Anonymity Set Formation (CASF) method. The performance overhead analysis and security analysis of the variants are done using NS-3 simulator and the Scyther tool, respectively. It is shown that the proposed scheme enhances the privacy preservation functionality of an existing anonymization scheme, while being robust against external attacks.
Randomized Trial on the Effects of Attentional Focus on Motor Training of the Upper Extremity Using Robotics With Individuals After Chronic Stroke.

Abstract Objective To compare the long-term effects of external focus (EF) and internal focus (IF) of attention after 4 weeks of arm training. Design Randomized, repeated-measures, mixed analysis of variance. Setting Outpatient clinic. Participants Individuals with stroke and moderate-to-severe arm impairment living in the community (N=33; withdrawals: n=3). Interventions Four-week arm training protocol on a robotic device (12 sessions). Main Outcome Measures Joint independence, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and Wolf Motor Function Test measured at baseline, discharge, and 4-week follow-up. Results There were no between-group effects for attentional focus. Participants in both groups improved significantly on all outcome measures from baseline to discharge and maintained those changes at 4-week follow-up regardless of group assignment (joint independence EF condition: F 1.6,45.4 =17.74; P 2 =.39; joint independence IF condition: F 2,56 =18.66; P 2 =.40; Fugl-Meyer Assessment: F 2,56 =27.83; P 2 =.50; Wolf Motor Function Test: F 2,56 =14.05; P 2 =.35). Conclusions There were no differences in retention of motor skills between EF and IF participants 4 weeks after arm training, suggesting that individuals with moderate-to-severe arm impairment may not experience the advantages of an EF found in healthy individuals. Attentional focus is most likely not an active ingredient for retention of trained motor skills for individuals with moderate-to-severe arm impairment, whereas dosage and intensity of practice appear to be pivotal. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of attentional focus for individuals with mild arm impairment.
Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in myeloma to improve patient reported physical function and fatigue.

10044Background: Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) report some of the poorest Health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Few studies show how ASCT influences global health outcomes as measured by a ...
Susceptability to Microbial Contamination of Fire-Resistant, Invert-Emulsion Hydraulic Fliuds

Petroleum oils have generally excellent properties for use in hydraulic systems but a major disadvantage is the possibility that ruptures in hydrauliclines will produce a very flammable mist of oil which can travel considerable distances. Once ignited, the atomized oil generates tremendous heat with disastrous consequences especially in the confined spaces of ships and submarines. The use of large amounts of emulsified water in hydraulic oils reduces the flammability hazard without sacrificing the lubricity properties of the oil (Louie, 1981). The fire resistance of this class of fluids is due to the endothermic vaporization of the water droplets near an ignition source and the flame inhibiting effect of the resulting blanket of steam which displaces oxygen.
Control Theory Dynamics

The mathematics of classical control theory depends on linear ordinary differential equations, which commonly arise in all scientific disciplines. Control theory emphasizes a powerful Laplace transform expression of linear differential equations that helps in the conceptual understanding and analysis of complex systems.
Endocrine Mechanisms in Tolerance to and Dependence on Alcohol

The purpose of this review is to discuss the possible involvement of alcohol-induced endocrine disturbances in the development of tolerance to and physical dependence upon alcohol. At the outset, it should be stated that there is a relative paucity of research in this area, and much of what we currently know is based upon very recent studies. This recent burst of activity in the field stems from the realization of two important factors. First, alcohol exerts profound effects on virtually every endocrine system. Second, because of the pervasive influence of hormones in the cellular biochemistry of every organ in the body, drug-induced alterations in any endocrine system are likely to be importantly involved in the acute and, particularly, chronic actions of alcohol.
Evaluation of the hypertensive infant: a rational approach to diagnosis

This article reviews the literature and describes a methodologic approach to the diagnosis of hypertension in the young infant. The numerous etiologies of hypertension have been discussed and normative blood pressure data for neonates and infants have been provided. Techniques for accurate blood pressure measurement in the intensive care setting and for routine outpatient settings, are discussed. The lengthy discussion of radiologic approach to imaging can be summarized with the following suggested algorithm. Initial screening should be performed with gray-scale sonography, to identify renal parenchymal or collecting system abnormalities, including mass lesions and congenital anomalies. Further imaging with color and duplex Doppler sonography detects renal arterial or aortic thrombosis, and alterations in the arterial waveform caused by intrinsic or extrinsic renal artery narrowing. The major limitation of Doppler sonography is the recognition that disease in accessory renal arteries or in small segmental intrarenal arteries may frequently be undetected. Functional imaging with ACEI renography should follow renal sonography to detect hemodynamically significant renovascular disease (with a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90%); intravenous enalaprilat is the preferred ACEI. Angiography should be reserved for older children in whom interventional percutaneous angioplasty may be more feasible. A young infant with hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis should be controlled medically until he or she is large enough to undergo angiography and angioplasty successfully. CT angiography and MR angiography, although promising in the adult population, may not adequately resolve the small intrarenal vessels, which are frequently the culprit in renovascular hypertension of infancy.
Critical Conversations: Cultural Awareness, Sensitivity, and Competency

The United States of America has always been a country comprised of many different cultures and identities. According to the US census bureau, no single ethnic group will be in the majority by the year 2044. In addition to the changes in racial and ethnic identities, US demographics are also rapidly changing related to age, gender identity, and other social constructs. With evolving demographics, it is essential that all healthcare practitioners are able to adapt to the needs of patients and families, colleagues, and beyond. A patient9s background and culture can impact how they view health, disease, treatments, and their interactions with healthcare systems; likewise, diversity among colleagues can impact the working environment. Working with colleagues in a constructive manner and valuing the patient9s needs above our own biases promotes an environment for optimal health care delivery. ABBREVIATIONS:LGBT - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transexual
Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) Gels as Soft Elastomers and Hard/Soft Interfaces

Structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular (STEM) gels are polymer networks containing latent initiator sites available for postsynthesis modifications. The STEM gels presented here were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and the network was modified by grafting soft poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) side chains via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to create supersoft materials. Modified STEM gels with low Young’s moduli (E = 590–220 kPa) were produced, and the mechanical properties were tunable by varying the grafting density and side chain length. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations were used to gain insight into side chain mobility in the network. This approach was also used to made soft elastomers (E = 42 kPa), which could withstand 100% shear strain without permanent deformation. Using spatial control, single-piece materials with hard or soft domains were synthesized.
The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of the Sharing Economy

This is a draft of the table of contents and introduction of the forthcoming Cambridge Handbook on the Law of the Sharing Economy (2018). The handbook grapples conceptually and practically with what the sharing economy – which includes entities ranging from large for- profit firms like Airbnb, Uber, Lyft, TaskRabbit, and Upwork to smaller, nonprofit collaborative initiatives – means for law, and how law, in turn, is shaping critical aspects of the sharing economy. Featuring a diverse set of contributors from multiple academic disciplines and countries, the book compiles the most important, up- to- date research on the regulation of the sharing economy. The first part surveys the nature of the sharing economy, explores the central challenge of balancing innovation and regulatory concerns, and examines the institutions confronting these regulatory challenges. The second part turns to a series of specific regulatory domains, including labor and employment law, consumer protection, tax, and civil rights. This groundbreaking work should be read by anyone interested in the dynamic relationship between law and the sharing economy.
Gained in translation: The reception of foreign cinema in Mao’s China

This article studies the exhibition and reception of popular foreign titles in the cinematic memories of those who grew up in the Cultural Revolution: Soviet film Lenin in 1918 (1939), North Korean...
Panel 1 Position Paper: Man versus Machines–Humans Need Not Apply

Computing machines, it seems, have been becoming more deeply embedded in our lives. Today, this alliance with computers is taking shape as competition with robots for jobs that are becoming increasingly mechanized, be it on the smart factory floor, or next to hospital beds, or humanoid robots making elderly Japanese laugh, or even cognitive cooking. Should we be concerned at this development or just think of this as another agricultural revolution or Gutenberg’s printing press revolution with a bonanza of benefits in retrospect? What about human-robot cooperation, could that be a happy medium? Or, are machines destined to take over more facets of our lives at work and at play, like the sensors monitoring our sleep patterns and helping to improve sleep quality. Would you consider scenarios like some of the ones mentioned above to be a threat or an entry ramp to utopia? Some questions to think of: What are the jobs where robots can or should have only a marginal role? Where can man and machine work together? How do we guarantee that the machine stays tamed? Does AI pose an existential threat?
Differing Experiences with Breastfeeding in Residency Between Mothers and Coresidents.

Abstract Background: Returning to work and lack of support for expressing breast milk (pumping) at work is often cited as a reason that mothers discontinue breastfeeding, particularly among female ...
A comparison study of athletic kinesio tapes and structural cloth tapes applied to address biomechanical injuries and muscle stabilization

Quasi-static tensile and stress relaxation experiments were performed on several cloth-based and segmented elastomeric tapes, and the results were analyzed using viscoelastic models. The cloth tape...
The Role of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Melanoma

Neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma is an area of active investigation with numerous completed and ongoing trials studying a variety of therapeutic interventions utilizing diverse designs. Here, we review completed and ongoing neoadjuvant trials in melanoma, discuss endpoint assessment, and highlight biomarker development in this context. High-risk resectable melanoma with clinically detectable lymph node (LN) with or without in-transit and/or satellite metastases represent ~ 20% of melanoma patients and have a high risk of relapse despite definitive surgery. Adjuvant therapy with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy or BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy has improved relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in large phase III trials and is approved for this indication. However, despite surgery and adjuvant therapy, many patients relapse and/or experience treatment-related toxicity, underscoring the need to identify and understand mechanisms of response and resistance. In melanoma, neoadjuvant therapy is an active area of research with numerous completed and ongoing trials utilizing FDA-approved and novel agents with intriguing results. Neoadjuvant therapy for regionally metastatic disease is an established standard in multiple cancers, where it has been shown to improve operability, facilitate biomarker development, and even is a registrational endpoint for drug development in breast cancer. Recently, a spate of neoadjuvant studies in melanoma has looked at a swathe of agents with promising clinical and biomarker results. Coordinated efforts are underway to translate these findings to earlier stage disease while prioritizing the evaluation of new strategies in unresectable disease.
Yellow-Gold Polarized Light Microscopy May Improve Accuracy of Pathological Staging of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction Polarized light (PL) has been used in pathology for multiple reasons, including the demonstration of foreign bodies, the evaluation of crystals, and the demonstration of fibrosis. We incidentally found that yellow-gold polarization routinely occurs surrounding desmoplastic scar tissue abutting the invasive glands of colonic adenocarcinoma. We hypothesized that evaluating the use of polarized light over a series of invasive adenocarcinomas of the large intestine might produce evidence of its utility. Methods Large intestinal resections with invasive adenocarcinoma were reviewed with yellow-gold polarized light microscopy by two surgical pathologists postoperatively between January 2017 and March 2019. Specimens were examined under yellow-gold polarized light to evaluate invasion from the submucosa into the muscularis propria, from the muscularis propria into pericolic fat, and to the serosa. The diagnosed location, T stage, history of radiotherapy, mucinous features, and grade were recorded. Photographs were taken when images were deemed to be of value. The two-tailed Fisher's exact test was used to compare the invasion detection of the tumor into fat in scar tissue in colorectal cancer. Results A total of 75 large intestinal resections with invasive adenocarcinoma from 75 patients were accessioned. Concerning the initial stage, three (4%) were T1, nine (12%) were T2, 46 (61%) were T3, and 17 (22%) were T4. A history of previous radiation treatment was seen in 10 (13%). Two (2%) were poorly differentiated. Nine (12%) were mucinous carcinomas; mucinous areas were seen to pose difficulty in 12 (16%). Overall, one out of nine, initially staged as T2, was upstaged to T3 (11%), with the addition of yellow-gold polarized light microscopy. One tumor was downstaged from T2 to T1 (11%). For many T2 and T3 tumors, invasion into the muscularis propria was better defined by yellow-gold polarized light. Conclusion Yellow-gold polarized light microscopy may be a useful adjunct to conventional microscopy in more precisely staged pathological colorectal cancer specimens.
Oral Health Behaviors in Very Young Children in Low-Income Urban Areas in Chicago, Illinois, 2018-2019.

Introduction Because most data on oral health do not include infants and toddlers, we aimed to describe the oral health behaviors of low-income children younger than 3 years and determine factors associated with child tooth brushing. Methods We obtained data from the Coordinated Oral Health Promotion Chicago study, which included 420 families with children aged 6 to 36 months and their caregivers in Cook County, Illinois. We assessed child frequency of brushing from caregiver reports and objectively determined child dental plaque scores. Significant factors associated with tooth brushing frequency and dental plaque score were identified using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator variable selection. Results Mean child age was 21.5 (SD, 6.9) months, and only 45% of caregivers brushed their children's teeth twice per day or more. The mean plaque score was 1.9 (SD, 0.6), indicating high levels of plaque. Child brushing frequency was higher when children were older; used the correct toothpaste amount; brushed for a longer duration; and when caregivers brushed their own teeth more frequently, had more help with the overall care of the child's teeth, and had family to help. Child brushing frequency was lower for caregivers with more interference from activities of daily life. Children whose caregivers had more adult help with child brushing had better plaque scores; worse plaque scores were seen in children with higher sugary beverage and food consumption and lower household incomes. Conclusion The tooth brushing behaviors of young children are strongly associated with those of their parents and with the level of family support for brushing. Interventions to improve brushing in young children should focus on the entire family.
Immunotherapy-Associated Cardiotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Diagnostic and Management Challenges and Strategies.

Immunotherapies have demonstrated robust clinical efficacy in treating malignancies with increasing use and FDA approvals. We review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular toxicities. Cardiotoxicity is reported in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. The incidence of ICI-related cardiotoxicity is above 1% and includes myocarditis, pericardial disease, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and vasculitis. The incidence of CAR T cell–associated cardiotoxicities was shown to be as high as 26% and thought to be primarily mediated by cytokine release syndrome. The presentations of cardiotoxicities are variable but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and benefit from prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. There is increasing evidence for cardiotoxicities following cancer immunotherapy. Available evidence suggests that pretreatment evaluation, close monitoring, and early intervention may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and improve outcomes in the cancer immunotherapy population.
Effectiveness of a Brief Preventive Parenting Intervention Based in Self-Determination Theory

This study examined the effectiveness of a two-session preventive parenting intervention, the Parent Check-In. The intervention, grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), is designed to facilitate adaptive parenting, specifically autonomy support, structure and involvement, and parenting efficacy, and to increase autonomous self-regulation and decrease behavior problems in children. Fifty-seven parents of 8–12-year-olds (M = 9.88, SD = 1.32) were randomly assigned to an intervention (N = 31) or waitlist (N = 26) group. The intervention included psychoeducation about SDT, parenting strategies, and practice applying these strategies to families’ situations. Parents and children completed questionnaires regarding parenting behaviors, children’s self-regulation, and child symptomatology. Relative to the waitlist participants, intervention participants showed positive changes on some parenting indices, though the effects sizes were modest. In particular, intervention participants increased in parental efficacy, decreased in parent and child reports of controlling parenting strategies, and increased in child reports of parent autonomy support. Children of parents in the intervention group reported decreased externalizing symptomatology. There was some evidence that the intervention was more effective for parents with lower levels of education and parents with children higher in internalizing symptomatology at pre-test. Although some effects were not significant, the results show the promise of the Parent Check-In as a brief, preventive intervention. Ways in which the intervention could be strengthened are discussed.
Authorial Conflicts of Interest and Sponsorship in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Psoriasis:

Background:Because industry influence – in the form of study sponsorship and authorial conflicts of interest (COI) – can bias the results and conclusions of systematic reviews, there is a need to u...
Extreme Ultraviolet Observations of White Dwarfs

Observations shortward of the hydrogen Lyman limit provide sensitive determinations of stellar temperatures and interstellar absorption. Such data are of particular value in studies of hot white dwarfs, for which a large fraction of the emission occurs in the extreme-ultraviolet band (100-1000 A). Observations of HZ 43 and Feige 24 have been obtained with the Apollo-Soyuz extreme-ultraviolet telescope; both stars are copious EUV emitters, with four billionths and three billionths erg/sq cm sec in the 170-620-A band, respectively. The EUV data, combined with optical spectrophotometry, allow their temperatures to be estimated as 80,000 and 60,000 K, respectively. The corresponding interstellar neutral hydrogen column densities are about 4 by 10 to the 18th power per sq cm.
Judge, jurors, and gendered instructions to disregard evidence: stereotype-congruent judicial instructions increase compliance

An umbrella study, consisting of two university samples (N = 196), examined mock jurors’ decisions after being presented with a trial summary (and accompanying audio) about the murder of the defend...
Unintended Effects of Environmental Policies: The Case of Urban Growth Controls and Agricultural Intensification

When environmental policies do not control decision-making on all margins, they can have unintended effects on the environment. We examine effects of urban growth boundaries (UGBs) on agricultural intensification. A primary goal of a UGB is to preserve open space outside the boundary; however, by eliminating the future rent stream from development, UGBs encourage landowners to adopt more capital-intensive agricultural uses. We empirically estimate UGB effects on intensification rates in Ventura County, California. Difference-in-differences estimates reveal that UGBs increased intensification rates by 16–21 percentage points. In Ventura County, policies designed to preserve open space accelerated its loss and increased agricultural externalities.
School types in adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in young adulthood: An outcome-wide analysis.

While past empirical studies have explored associations between types of primary and secondary schools and student academic achievement, outcomes beyond academic performance remain less well-understood. Using longitudinal data from a cohort of children (N = 12,288, mean age = 14.56 years) of nurses, this study examined associations between the types of schools participants attended in adolescence and a wide range of subsequent psychological well-being, social engagement, character strengths, mental health, health behavior and physical health outcomes. Results in this sample suggested little difference between attending private independent schools and public schools across outcomes in young adulthood. There were, however, notable differences in subsequent outcomes comparing homeschooling and public schools, and possibly some evidence comparing religious schools and public schools. Specifically, there was some evidence that attending religious schools versus public schools was associated with a higher likelihood of frequent religious service attendance and becoming registered voters, a lower risk of overweight/obese, fewer lifetime sexual partners, and a higher risk of subsequently being binge drinkers; however, these associations were not robust to correction for multiple testing. Homeschooling compared with public schooling was associated with subsequently more frequent volunteering (s = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15, 0.52), greater forgiveness (s = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.46), and more frequent religious service attendance (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.80), and possibly also with greater purpose in life, less marijuana use, and fewer lifetime sexual partners, but negatively associated with college degree attainment (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.88) and possibly with greater risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. These results may encourage education stakeholders to consider a wider range of outcomes beyond academic performance in decision-making.
Summary of the Development of a Cost/Risk/Benefit Analysis for the Decontamination and Decommissioning of the Hanford Z-Plant

The Hanford Z-Plant complex is a large plutonium facility located on the Hanford Site in Eastern Washington. This study includes eight buildings (see Figure 1) totaling about 240,000 ft2 of floor space. They contain processing facilities, laboratories, offices, storage space, ventilation equipment, and a 200 foot stack.
Evidence-Based Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for PTSD in Adults

Treatment guidelines consistently identify cognitive behavioral interventions as among the most effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter reviews evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapies for PTSD, including exposure therapy (with an emphasis on prolonged exposure), cognitive therapy (with an emphasis on cognitive processing therapy), and stress inoculation training/ stress management. For each type of cognitive behavioral intervention, we review the relevant theory, treatment procedures, and key research studies. The chapter concludes with practice considerations covering factors related to treatment outcome, implementation, and adaptation of these evidence-based treatments. List of Abbreviations AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality APA American Psychiatric Association BA Behavioral activation CPT-C Cognitive processing therapy – cognitive only CR Cognitive restructuring DCS D-Cycloserine EMDR Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing IOM Institute of Medicine ISTSS International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies ITT Intent to treat MST Military sexual trauma NHMRC Australian National Health and Medical Research Council NICE United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence PCT Present-centered therapy PE Prolonged exposure PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder RCT Randomized controlled trial SIT Stress inoculation training *Email: juliette.mott@va.gov Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_17-2 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland (outside the USA) 2015
The circadian clock and tumor suppression by mammalian Period genes

Period (Per) genes are key circadian rhythm regulators in mammals. Expression of mouse Per (mPer) genes has a diurnal pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in peripheral tissues. Genetic ablation mPER1 and mPER2 function results in a complete loss of circadian rhythm control based on wheel-running activity in mice. In addition, these animals also display apparent premature aging and a significant increase in neoplastic and hyperplastic phenotypes. When challenged by gamma radiation, mPer2-deficient mice respond by rapid hair graying, are deficient in p53-mediated apoptosis in thymocytes, and have robust tumor occurrences. Studies have demonstrated that the circadian clock function is very important for cell cycle, DNA damage response, and tumor suppression in vivo. The temporal expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and tumor suppression, such as c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, Mdm-2, and Gadd45alpha, is deregulated in mPer2 mutant mice. Genetic studies have demonstrated that many key regulators of cell cycle and growth control are also important circadian clock regulators, confirming the critical role of circadian function in organismal homeostasis.
When you come to a fork in the road, take it: strategy selection in order entry.

This study investigates how CPOE system users choose data input strategies for entering clinical orders. Complex systems often allow more than one way to complete a task. However, the appropriate entry strategy in the context of a specific clinical workflow situation may not be apparent to users. We have conducted a cognitive analysis of user interaction strategies for entering IV injection orders using a commercial CPOE system. We characterized the set of available information resources in the system interface and in the users’ memory, and evaluated how effectively the application supported decision-making processes. Seven internal medicine residents participated in an experiment entering IV heparin orders to manage anticoagulation therapy. The analysis showed that efficiency was contingent upon high level of procedural and conceptual system knowledge. CPOE interface design needs to conform to decision-making and workflow processes if the technology is to become an effective clinical tool.
Passive Generation And Storage Of Winter Ice For Summer Cooling Applications

The results of analytical and experimental work on a cooling system which uses phase-change seasonal energy storage are presented. The system uses a heat pipe to chill passively the storage medium during the winter season. During the summer, the storage medium is used as an energy sink for the cooling system of a building. The storage medium is a material that freezes at a temperature in the range 0 to 15/sup 0/C. Experiments have been performed with a prototype system using water as the storage medium at Argonne National Laboratory and large quantities of ice have been grown in an insulated tank with no use of auxiliary energy. Alternative storage materials are clathrate hydrates which freeze at temperatures above 0/sup 0/C. The use of such materials can extend the freezing season and enable the operation of the system in climates with somewhat mild winters. Here, estimates of system performance and system costs are combined to examine the economic feasibility of water-ice and clathrate hydrate systems in different climates. It is found that water-ice systems may be economically feasible in certain climates. It is also found that using a clathrate hydrate can reduce the size and cost of the heat pipe,more » but this cost reduction is offset by the high cost of most of the currently known clathrate forming chemicals.« less
Cytokine expression by invariant natural killer T cells is tightly regulated throughout development and settings of type-2 inflammation

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells produce cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 during type-2 inflammatory responses. However, the nature in which iNKT cells acquire type-2 cytokine competency and the precise contribution of iNKT cell-derived IL-4 and IL-13 in vivo remains unclear. Using IL-13-reporter mice to fate-map cytokine-expressing cells in vivo, this study reveals that thymic iNKT cells express IL-13 early during development, and this IL-13-expressing intermediate gives rise to mature iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 subsets. IL-4 and IL-13 reporter mice also reveal that effector iNKT2 cells produce IL-4 but little IL-13 in settings of type-2 inflammation. The preferential production of IL-4 over IL-13 in iNKT2 cells results in part from their reduced GATA-3 expression. In summary, this work helps integrate current models of iNKT cell development, and further establishes non-coordinate production of IL-4 and IL-13 as the predominant pattern of type-2 cytokine expression among innate cells in vivo.
Abstract 178: Desmopressin Increases Platelet Activity After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background: Acute treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) frequently centers on minimizing hematoma volume growth. Aspirin use or reduced platelet activity is a risk factor for hematoma growth and worse functional outcomes at 3 months. Many clinicians use platelet transfusion, although there are few data to support that practice. We tested the hypothesis that desmopressin, which reduces bleeding in the setting of aspirin use by increasing von Willebrand factor (wVF), would improve platelet activity in patients with ICH. Methods: We prospectively screened patients with acute ICH for aspirin use or reduced platelet activity. The patient or a proxy was asked for consent for the administration of desmopressin 0.4 mcg/kg IV. The primary outcome was change in platelet activity, measured by the platelet function analyzer (PFA, Siemens AG, Germany), and vWF antigen, before and one hour after treatment. Parameters before and after treatment were compared with a paired t-test. We also prospectively documented ...
Validating the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) in Sweden.

Obective: To validate the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) on a Swedish population by investigating differences between 1) young women with eating disorder symptoms (patients and non-patients), and normal controls and 2) patients with different eating disorder diagnoses, regarding symptom load and psychological characteristics. Another objective was to update EDI as a screening instrument. Method: Patients (n=194) with DSM-IV confirmed eating disorder diagnoses (anorexia nervosa AN; bulimia nervosa BN; eating disorder not otherwise specified, EDNOS) were compared with each other and with randomly selected and matched controls consisting of young women with self-reported eating disorder symptoms (n=51) and women without such symptoms (n=188). Results: In general, women with eating disorder problems, whether or not they were patients, scored significantly higher on both symptoms and personality characteristics compared to normal controls. Patients with DSM verified eating disorders did not differ from women with self-reported eating disorders symptoms on body dissatisfaction, perfectionism and impulsiveness. Women with self-reported symptoms did not differ from women without symptoms on interpersonal distrust and maturity fears. Amongst the patient groups, BN patients scored highest, and AN patients lowest, on self-reported pathology. Most of the EDI-2 scales and all the three indexes had acceptable specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion: EDI-2 discriminates well between women with eating disorder symptoms and normal controls, but responses from patients with AN should be interpreted with care. The EDI-2 indexes are especially recommended for screening purposes.