cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vote Switchers and Party Influence in the U.S. House

Party-centered theories of Congress often rely on the critical assumption that some majority party members vote against their preferences when granting their leadership procedural powers, such as closed rules. Such an assumption renders these approaches ad hoc, and thus theoretically dubious, unless firm support for the assumption can be found. Firm support is elusive largely because it is difficult to separate party and preference effects. In this article, we produce a simple but critical test of the party persuasion assumption that largely avoids these measurement problems. Specifically, we use a “switcher analysis” (Krehbiel 1998) to compare votes on final passage of the legislation with the votes on the closed rule. Our analysis of all closed rule-final passage vote pairs for the 104th–108th Congresses reveals vote patterns that cannot exist absent significant party effects.
Comparison of Antinuclear Antibody Testing Methods: Immunofluorescence Assay versus Enzyme Immunoassay

Performances of anti-nuclear antibody testing by immunofluorescence assay (ANA-IFA) and enzyme immunoassay (ANA-EIA) were compared in relation to patient diagnosis. A total of 467 patient serum samples were tested by ANA-IFA (Kallestad; Sanofi) and ANA-EIA (RADIAS; Bio-Rad), and their age, sex, diagnosis, disease status, and medications were obtained through chart review. Reference ranges were established by testing 98 healthy blood donor samples. Eighty-six samples came from patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, or drug-induced lupus (n = 71); systemic sclerosis, CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal motility abnormalities, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia), or Raynaud's syndrome (n = 8); Sjogren's syndrome (n = 5); mixed connective tissue disease (n = 5); and polymyositis or dermatomyositis (n = 3). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for ANA-IFA were 87.2, 48.0, 29.1, and 93.9%, respectively, for the reference range of < 1:160. For ANA-EIA, they were 90.7, 60.2, 35.8, and 96.4%, respectively, for the reference range of < 0.9. ANA-EIA offers equivalent sensitivity and higher specificity compared to ANA-IFA.
Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen Tube Growth and Differentiation.

' The extremely reduced, three-celled, haploid male plant (male gametophyte) of flowering plants has a number of specialized functions to perform. The primary functions are the production of two sperm cells and their transport within the pollen tube through the tissues of the style and ovary into the embryo sac in the ovule, where they participate in double fertilization. The early part of the life of the male gametophyte, following meiosis, occurs within the sporophytic tissues of the anther. During this period, a number of critical developmental events occur that are preceded or accompanied by the induction of activity of a large number of genes (for reviews, see Mascarenhas, 1990,1992; McCormick, 1991; Scott et al., 1991; Bedinger, 1992). The molecular events that take place during
Water Influx Characteristics and Hydraulic Conductivity for Roots of Agave deserti Engelm.

La conductivite hydraulique racinaire a ete mesuree dans des conditions environnementales variees (temperature, composition de la phase gazeuse, potentiel hydrique du sol) et a differents stades de developpement racinaire, qu'il s'agisse des racines perennes ou des racines ephemeres apparaissant lors d'une pluie. Les experiences, menees sur la partie proximale de racines excisees, montrent que l'on pourrait utiliser la mesure de la conductivite hydraulique comme indicateur de l'incorporation d'eau par l'agave
Durable Flame-Retardant Treatments for Blends of Cotton, Wool, and Polyester

Durable flame-retardant treatments based on a vinyl phosphonate oligomer or Thps were applied to cotton, cotton/polyester, cotton/wool, and cotton/polyester/wool medium-weight twill fabrics. The treatments were applied by either a pad, dry, cure process or a two-step procedure consisting of a pad, dry, cure application of DMDHEU followed by a Thps-NH3 cure process. Flammability of the treated fabrics was evaluated by a number of tests, including burning rate, vertical char length, oxygen index, and a flame-extinguishment test. Physical properties were determined by standard tests to measure breaking strength, wrinkle recovery, stiffness, durable- press rating and shrinkage due to laundering. Cotton/wool blend fabrics treated with Thps-urea-TM M had the best flame-retardant properties.
Round 3: Regarding Objectivity and Causality -- A Rejoinder to Fishman and Miller

In this rejoinder I respond separately to Daniel FishmanâA‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s and Ronald B. MillerâA‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s respective arguments regarding my views about objectivity and causality, owing to the fact that Fishman finds a place for âA‚â‚¬A‚A“objectivityâA‚â‚¬A‚? and âA‚â‚¬A‚A“causalityâA‚â‚¬A‚? within his theoretical model whereas Miller does not. First, I question the basis for FishmanâA‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s conclusion that coherence and pragmatic models are objectivist according to my definition of an objectivist epistemology. I also challenge his claim to have included âA‚â‚¬A‚A“causal mechanismsâA‚â‚¬A‚? in his pragmatic system of therapy, since he gives them no ontological status other than that of âA‚â‚¬A‚A“conceptual tools.âA‚â‚¬A‚? Second, I challenge MillerâA‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s claim that clinical knowledge cannot be objective knowledge because it is moral knowledge in which what one observes is allegedly determined by oneâA‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s moral perspective. I also question his insistence that causal explanation in the physical world so departs from causal explanation in the human world that the word âA‚â‚¬A‚A“causeâA‚â‚¬A‚? cannot be used in the latter without causing confusion. But if that is so, then the moral accountability and repair that Miller seeks in clinical practice may be hard to obtain.
Metastatic Liposarcoma to the Orbit

Purpose To report a woman with blurred vision and proptosis who harbored an orbital liposarcoma that had metastasized from her abdomen. Methods The patient underwent an orbital biopsy, followed by postoperative intravenous corticosteroids and radiation. Results Pathology showed a dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The patient's visual acuity improved from 20/200 to 20/50 after treatment. Conclusions Physicians should suspect the presence of this rare orbital tumor in a person with a history of liposarcoma who has proptosis. Liposarcomas usually exhibit a higher grade of malignancy with recurrence, as shown in this patient.
An extremely mild 3-aza-Claisen reaction. 1. Rearrangement of simple N-allylamides.

Abstract An extremely mild 3-aza-Claisen reaction has been developed. Readily available N-allyl amides are converted to pentenylnitriles in moderate to good yields by a transformation that occurs at room temperature under essentially neutral conditions.
Ants learn to rely on more informative attributes during decision-making

Evolutionary theory predicts that animals act to maximize their fitness when choosing among a set of options, such as what to eat or where to live. Making the best choice is challenging when options vary in multiple attributes, and animals have evolved a variety of heuristics to simplify the task. Many of these involve ranking or weighting attributes according to their importance. Because the importance of attributes can vary across time and place, animals might benefit by adjusting weights accordingly. Here, we show that colonies of the ant Temnothorax rugatulus use their experience during nest site selection to increase weights on more informative nest attributes. These ants choose their rock crevice nests on the basis of multiple features. After exposure to an environment where only one attribute differentiated options, colonies increased their reliance on this attribute relative to a second attribute. Although many species show experience-based changes in selectivity based on a single feature, this is the first evidence in animals for adaptive changes in the weighting of multiple attributes. These results show that animal collectives, like individuals, change decision-making strategies according to experience. We discuss how these colony-level changes might emerge from individual behaviour.
Paradigms of psychiatry: eclecticism and its discontents.

Purpose of reviewTo assess paradigms of psychiatry, assessing their strengths and limitations.Recent findingsThe biopsychosocial model, and eclecticism in general, serves as the primary paradigm of mainstream contemporary psychiatry. In the past few decades, the biopsychosocial model served as a cea
Significant contribution of the 3′→5′ exonuclease activity to the high fidelity of nucleotide incorporation catalyzed by human DNA polymerase ϵ

Most eukaryotic DNA replication is performed by A- and B-family DNA polymerases which possess a faithful polymerase activity that preferentially incorporates correct over incorrect nucleotides. Additionally, many replicative polymerases have an efficient 3'→5' exonuclease activity that excises misincorporated nucleotides. Together, these activities contribute to overall low polymerase error frequency (one error per 10(6)-10(8) incorporations) and support faithful eukaryotic genome replication. Eukaryotic DNA polymerase ϵ (Polϵ) is one of three main replicative DNA polymerases for nuclear genomic replication and is responsible for leading strand synthesis. Here, we employed pre-steady-state kinetic methods and determined the overall fidelity of human Polϵ (hPolϵ) by measuring the individual contributions of its polymerase and 3'→5' exonuclease activities. The polymerase activity of hPolϵ has a high base substitution fidelity (10(-4)-10(-7)) resulting from large decreases in both nucleotide incorporation rate constants and ground-state binding affinities for incorrect relative to correct nucleotides. The 3'→5' exonuclease activity of hPolϵ further enhances polymerization fidelity by an unprecedented 3.5 × 10(2) to 1.2 × 10(4)-fold. The resulting overall fidelity of hPolϵ (10(-6)-10(-11)) justifies hPolϵ to be a primary enzyme to replicate human nuclear genome (0.1-1.0 error per round). Consistently, somatic mutations in hPolϵ, which decrease its exonuclease activity, are connected with mutator phenotypes and cancer formation.
Efficient Option Pricing by Frame Duality with the Fast Fourier Transform

We develop a method for efficiently inverting analytic characteristic functions using frame projection, as in the case of Heston's model and exponential Levy models. Utilizing the duality theory of Riesz bases, we derive analytical formulas for coefficients of the orthogonally projected density, which are computed numerically with exponential convergence by the FFT. Convergence is demonstrated for geometric Asian options as well as the pricing of baskets of European options. The method is compared to state-of-the-art procedures to demonstrate its efficiency and robustness, without requiring any user-supplied "control parameters." Even greater improvement is observed for the method's extension to arithmetic Asian option pricing, as well as for Bermudan and barrier options, and credit default swaps, which will appear in follow up papers that expand on the foundations developed in this work.
Modeling and DIC Measurements of Dynamic Compression Tests of a Soft Tissue Simulant

Stereoscopic digital image correlation (DIC) is used to measure the shape evolution of a soft, transparent thermoplastic elastomer subject to a high strain rate compression test performed using a Kolsky bar. Rather than using the usual Kolsky bar wave analysis methods to determine the specimen response, however, the response is instead determined by an inverse method. The test is modeled using finite elements, and the elastomer stiffness giving the best match with the shape and force history data is identified by performing iterative simulations. The advantage of this approach is that force equilibrium in the specimen is not required, and friction effects, which are difficult to eliminate experimentally, can be accounted for. The thermoplastic is modeled as a hyperelastic material, and the identified dynamic compressive (non-linear) stiffness is compared to its quasi-static compressive (non-linear) stiffness to determine rate sensitivity.
Stress and dietary influence on the direct oxidative pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in the intestine.

AbstractThe activity of a major carbohydrate metabolic pathway, the hexosemonophosphate shunt, has been investigated in the jejunal mucosa of 146 rats by assay of mucosal homogenates for activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase. Normal animals, animals subjected to a variety of environmental stresses (restraint, pylorus-ligation, starvation, and corticoid injection), and animals subjected to refeeding treatments following starvation were studied.Glucose-6-phosphatc dehydrogenase was more responsive to environmental stress and refeeding than 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, but directional changes for both enzymes were similar. It was observed that starvation (48 hr), starvation (42 hr) plus pylorus-ligation (17 hr), starvation (42 hr) plus restraint (18 hr), and hydrocortisone 40 mg, im) induced significant depression of hexosemonophosphate shunt activity. Refeeding of NaCl (0.9 % per os) did not alter starvation-induced depression of the enzyme activities. Howe...
Investigation of a Chronic Leaking Problem of a Heat Exchanger Girth Flange

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger experiences frequent leaks from the gasket between the shell girth flange and tube sheet. The leaks manifest during start-up of the equipment and have traditionally been arrested by assembly retorque. An investigation was launched to understand the cause of recurring leaks and propose measures to eliminate the problem. A standard design review using the ASME BPVC [1] rules for bolted flanges found no concern with the design of the flanges. More detailed numerical simulation studies were performed that considered thermal conditions in addition to mechanical loads (pressure and bolt loads). The heat exchanger operation involves phase changes in the media on both the shell and tube sides (boiling/condensing) — as a result, the flanges experience rather severe thermal gradients during regular operation. These thermal gradients cause distortion of the tube sheet and girth flange and result in relaxation of the gasket compression in specific areas. This paper will provide a detailed discussion about the numerical simulation studies that were performed on the girth flange joint, as well as the modifications that were proposed to alleviate the problem.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Loser's Curse: Overconfidence vs. Market Efficiency in the National Football League Draft - Electronic Appendix

Supplemental information including methodological detail, descriptive data, additional results and figures.
ASEPTIC NECROSIS OF HEAD OF FEMUR FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC DISLOCATION

1. Aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur, following traumatic dislocation, is a serious disability. Its appearance should be looked for by means of repeated roentgenographic examinations at frequent and regular intervals. 2. In the five cases reported, clinical evidence of this complication appeared from two to five years after the initial trauma. For this reason, a traumatic dislocation should not be considered uncomplicated until at least five years after the injury. 3. If the bone changes are seen early, multiple drill holes into the head and neck of the femur may hasten reorganization of the necrotic head, with a minimum of arthritic changes. We have had no experience with this procedure, but suggest its use as a conservative measure. 4. Well-advanced cases are benefited by arthrodesis or arthroplasty, depending on the amount of destruction of the head of the femur in each case.
Epstein-Barr virus-positive pleural effusion: Clinical features, cytomorphologic characteristics, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping.

Objectives The etiology of pleural effusions (PEs) varies, and a percentage of PEs remains unexplained despite an intensive workup. One previous study documented a high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA in unselected and unexplained PEs. Our aim is to characterize the clinical and cytomorphologic features of EBV-associated PEs, which have not been described. Methods A database search was performed for PEs with EBV-DNA identified in the fluid by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The corresponding fluid cytology and chemistry were reviewed, and the patients' demographic data and clinical features were recorded. Results A total of 20 cases of EBV-DNA-positive PE were found. All patients had a history of lung transplantation. Most of the PE EBV loads were relatively low. Cytologically, polymorphous lymphocytosis was present in more than 70% of PEs. Scattered lymphocytic mitosis and apoptosis were seen in some cases. Mesothelial cells varied in number, and some cases showed reactive atypia. The lymphocytes were predominantly T cells with the CD4/CD8 ratio varying from 10:1 to 3:20. Conclusions EBV infection/reactivation can account for certain proportions of "idiopathic" PEs. Polymorphous lymphocytosis is the most common cytologic feature, but atypical features (in both lymphocytes and mesothelial cells) can be seen.
Application of blood purification to non-renal organ failure

The application of artificial organs to the task of blood purification in the setting of non-renal organ failure simultaneously presents important challenges and opportunities. Failures of cardiova...
UAV's 3D Simulation Training System Based on OpenGL

Aimed at UAV's(Unmanned Aero Vehicle) simulation training field,a scheme of 3D simulation system based on OpenGL(Open Graphic Library) is designed in this paper.The UAV's 3D model made by the 3D development software,such as 3DMAX is read into OpneGL scene and the control input of radio transmitter too.The UAV's flying states are got by solving the state equation and are simulated in the OpenGL scene very vividly.The ways and means are presented and the simulation interface is designed.
[Relationship between gene polymorphism of CYP2E1, CYP1A1, IL-4 and medicamentosa-like dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene].

Objecfive To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphism of CYP2E1,CYP1A1,IL-4 and susceptibility of medieamentosa-like dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene(TCE).Methods 35 patients with medicamentosa-like dermatitis induced by TCE were chosen as the patient group,and 35 healthy workers as control group.The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)with TaqMan minor groove binding (MGB) probes was used to test single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of CYP2E1,CYP1A1 and IL-4 in the patients with medieamentosa-like dermatitis as well as in the control.The genotypes and the frequeney of genotype or allele were compared between the patients and control with statistical analysis.Results The frequency of allele G within CYP1A1 gene(rs1048943)was significantly higher in TCE patients(37.1%)than that in control(P＜0.05);the frequency of allele T within CYP2E11053 C/T Was significandy higher in TCE patients(41.4%)than that in control(P＜0.01);the frequency of T/T within IL-4-588 C/T(rs2243250)was significantly higher in TCE patients(75.0%)than that in control (P＜0.01).and the frequency of allele T within IL-4-588 C/T(rs2243250)was also significantly higher in TCE patients(87.5%)than that in control(P＜0.01).Conclusion The gene polymorphism of CYP2E1,CYP1A1.IL-4 is probably associated with hypersensitivity for the TCE patients with medicamentosa-like deliRatitis.and could be one of the genetic factors related tO the individual susceptibility to TCE exposure. Key words: Trichloroethylene; Medieamentosa-like dermatitis; Cytochmme P450; Cytokine; Gene polymorphisms; immune toxicity
Rhetorical Leadership and the Black Church: Revisiting 1940s' Durham

ABSTRACTThe racial integration of churches has been an issue of debate for decades. Through close-textual analysis of a 1946 speech by Baptist Minister Miles Mark Fisher to the Ministerial Alliance of Durham and Vicinity, this study examines how the rhetoric of a local church leader deals with the rising national pressure on churches to change. To thwart national discourse, the author argues, Fisher adopts a particular brand of rhetorical leadership. By redefining, reinterpreting, and reframing the spiritual history of the Black community, Fisher responds to and refutes national calls for the racial integration of churches.
Evaluation and management of resistant hypertension

R hypertension is a significant clinical problem faced by not only the primary care physician, but specialists as well. Nonetheless, the evaluation and management between and amongst these groups can be quite variable. Given that the etiology is many times multifactorial, and that evaluation must include consideration of pseudoresistance and inadequate treatment regimens, the management can be intricate. As such, this presentation will attempt to provide an algorithm for the evaluation and management of resistant hypertension in the context of available data.
The Have and Have Nots: An Ever-present Digital Divide

This article brings attention to the digital divide that still exists between those who have access to the most recent technologies and those who do not. It describes how teachers can be more aware of this challenge before incorporating the use of technology into physical education and health classrooms.
Crosslinking of Ribosomes by Cleavable Bifunctional Mercaptoimidates

Methods are described for determining protein:protein proximity relationships in complex cellular structures containing multiple protein components, Studies on the 50S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli illustrate the procedures employed. The intact ribosomal subunit is first incubated with methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate. Lysine amino groups become modified and thus converted to amidine derivatives which contain sulfhydryl groups, the modified ribosomal subunits are oxidized to promote crosslinking by formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds. The proteins are extracted and subjected to polyacrylamide/dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions. The gel is immersed in a reducing solution and then embedded in a second polyacrylamide/dodecyl sulfate gel slab for electrophoresis in a second dimension. Non-cross- linked proteins retain their relative mobility in the two electrophoretic steps and fall on a diagonal line. Proteins crosslinked by disulfide bonds migrate slowly in the first electrophoretic separation but, following reduction, give rise to faster migrating monomeric proteins which appear beneath the diagonal in the second electrophoretic separation. Crosslinked proteins can be identified by their position on the gel pattern and by analysis of the apparent molecular weights of crosslinked species and monomeric proteins derived from them upon reduction. The use of the reversible protein crosslinking procedure and two-dimensional “diagonal” gel electrophoresis provides a characteristic fingerprint of the protein:protein interactions in ribosomal subunits. These techniques, developed to study the ribosome, should be valuable in investigations of other biological ultrastructures in which it is useful to obtain information concerning the arrangement of multiple protein components.
Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE): Case report with longest follow up & latency to metastasis

Abstract Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE) is an extremely rare, low-grade malignant spindle cell tumor of the thyroid gland with delayed metastatic potential. It occurs mainly in children, adolescents and young adults and is thought to be derived from thymic or branchial pouch remnants. Nearly 42 cases have been reported in the English literature. Metastatic disease has been described up to 22 and 25years after the initial operative intervention. SETTLE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any spindle cell tumor in thyroid region. Pathologic diagnosis requires spindle and epithelial components and the use of immunohistochemistry. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes synovial sarcoma, spindle cell anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, spindle cell variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma, thymoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyoma and schwannoma. Owing to delayed metastasis, close long term follow-up is mandatory. We present a case where metastatic disease appeared in the lungs 35years after the initial diagnosis, representing the longest reported latency period to metastasis, which unfortunately led to the patient's demise.
'Asking' but Not 'Screening': Assessing Physicians' and Nurses' Substance-Related Clinical Behaviors.

Background: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a promising public health approach for problematic substance use. A core component of SBIRT is the use of formal scre...
Tracheal aspirate VEGF and sphingolipid metabolites in the preterm infant with later development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and sphingolipid metabolites, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramides are important to lung development and repair. We hypothesized specific sphingolipid and VEGF alterations would be associated with BPD development and aimed to investigate the early tracheal aspirate (TA) VEGF and S1P relationship with later diagnosis of preterm infant bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD. DESIGN TA VEGF and lipidomics were measured in TA from Infants <32 weeks gestational age at birth with and without later BPD. BPD was defined using the NICHD severity BPD definition. Clinical demographics and medical course were identified with statistical analysis performed with JMP, Statistical Analysis Software. RESULTS The analysis included 25 infants (9 NoBPD and 16 BPD) with mean gestational age of 27.8 ± 2.5 SD weeks and 25.1 ± 1.9 SD weeks respectively, P < 0.01. Later development of BPD was associated with elevated mean TA VEGF 604.3 ± 150.2 SE pg/mL versus NoBPD 120 ± 34.3 SE pg/mL, elevated S1P, 11.5 ± 2.3 SE pmol/mL versus NoBPD 4.8 ± 0.6 SE pmol/mL, and elevated selected ceramides during the first week of life. CONCLUSIONS Airway VEGF and sphingolipid metabolites were distinctly elevated within the first days of postnatal life in preterm infants with later BPD progression. These biomarkers may be useful as indicators of lung injury development or as targets to decrease BPD risk.
The Organization of Mitochondrial Supercomplexes is Modulated by Oxidative Stress In Vivo in Mouse Models of Mitochondrial Encephalopathy

We examine the effect of oxidative stress on the stability of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and their association into supercomplexes (SCs) in the neuron-specific Rieske iron sulfur protein (RISP) and COX10 knockout (KO) mice. Previously we reported that these two models display different grades of oxidative stress in distinct brain regions. Using blue native gel electrophoresis, we observed a redistribution of the architecture of SCs in KO mice. Brain regions with moderate levels of oxidative stress (cingulate cortex of both COX10 and RISP KO and hippocampus of the RISP KO) showed a significant increase in the levels of high molecular weight (HMW) SCs. High levels of oxidative stress in the piriform cortex of the RISP KO negatively impacted the stability of CI, CIII and SCs. Treatment of the RISP KO with the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant mitoTEMPO preserved the stability of respiratory complexes and formation of SCs in the piriform cortex and increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that mild to moderate levels of oxidative stress can modulate SCs into a more favorable architecture of HMW SCs to cope with rising levels of free radicals and cover the energetic needs.
Self-Paced Network Embedding

Network embedding has attracted increasing attention in recent data mining research with many real-world applications. Network embedding is to learn low-dimensional representations for nodes in a network. A popular kind of existing methods, such as DeepWalk, Node2Vec, and LINE, learn node representations by pushing positive context node to the anchor node while pushing negative context nodes away from it in the low-dimensional vector space. When sampling the negative context nodes, they usually employ a predefined sampling distribution based on the node popularity. However, this sampling distribution often fails to capture the real informativeness of each node and cannot reflect the training state. To address these important problems, in this paper, we propose a novel self-paced network embedding method. Specifically, our method can adaptively capture the informativeness of each node based on the current training state, and sample negative context nodes in terms of their informativeness. The proposed self-paced sampling strategy can gradually select difficult negative context nodes with training process going on to learn better node representations. Moreover, to better capture the node informativeness for learning node representations, we extend our method to the generative adversarial network framework, which has the larger capacity to discover node informativeness. The extensive experiments have been conducted on the benchmark network datasets to validate the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
Resistance of Herpes Viruses to Nucleoside Analogues — Mechanisms and Clinical Importance

The study of resistance to antiviral drugs provides an important method to determine mechanisms of drug action. A mutation in the gene for a viral enzyme which enables a virus to replicate in the presence of the active form of a drug provides evidence that the mechanism of action involves the viral gene product. In the study of DNA replication, Kornberg observed that mutants possessing temperature sensitive and drug resistant mutations were the most important classes of mutants for defining precise mechanisms of DNA replication (1). A key feature in showing that the current class of antiviral drugs are specific for herpes viruses has been related to the fact that they readily select for resistance in herpes viruses and the resistance markers can be mapped to viral specific functions. Another important reason to study resistance of herpes viruses to antiviral drugs is that resistance can occur in the course of clinical treatment of herpes virus infections and development of resistance may account for failure of antiviral therapy. Resistant mutants of herpes viruses may also possess altered pathogenetic properties and produce unusual disease manifestations. In this review, the mechanisms of resistance to various nucleoside analogues will be outlined, and the cases where clinical resistance has been observed will be summarized.
Cartilage Wound Healing: An Overview

Cartilage wound healing is a tentative balance between deposition of type I collagen in the form of scar tissue and repair by expression of type II collagen and proteoglycans. Small full-thickness cartilage defects are replaced by fibrocartilage, whereas partial-thickness defects are normally repaired by deposition of fibrous scar tissue. The mechanism of fibrocartilaginous repair appears to be mediated by proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells of the marrow. Biologic grafts such as perichondrium have been successfully used to repair full-thickness defects, probably because they contain progenitor cells that can differentiate into chondroblasts. Other grafts composed of fibrocartilage, such as meniscus, appear potentially useful because they serve as a source for chondrocytes. When graft material is unavailable or cannot be easily fashioned to fit the defect, cell-cultured materials containing chondrocytes or progenitor cells appear promising. Finally, growth factors such as somatomedin-C have growth-promoting effect on cartilage and offer a future means of promoting cartilage repair.
Diagnostic classification and orthopaedic physical therapy practice: What we can learn from medicine

Concepts of diagnosis and classification have a long history in medicine, while formal schemes of diagnostic classification in physical therapy are relatively new. Basic differences exist between medicine and physical therapy in the phenomena which are diagnosed and classified. However, similarities in the diagnostic and classification process provide an opportunity to learn from medicine as the process now evolves in physical therapy. This paper provides a brief history of the development of the concept of diagnostic classification in medicine and physical therapy. Difficulties associated with the process are described. Knowledge of these difficulties is used to analyze some of the evolving concepts of diagnostic classification in physical therapy, especially those related to orthopaedic physical therapy practice.
Planning the Analysis

“Make your theories elaborate” in observational studies, argued R.A. Fisher, so that the many predictions of such a theory may disambiguate the association between treatment and outcome. How should one plan the analysis of an observational study to check the predictions of an elaborate theory?
Proteomic approaches to understanding age-related macular degeneration.

Microdissection methods have been developed for isolating drusen and Bruch's membrane from human eyes. Comparative proteomic studies of these isolates from normal and AMD donors were pursued for clues to the biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. A total of 129 potential drusen proteins were identified by LC MS/MS and immunocytochemical analyses have confirmed drusen localization for ~16% of the proteins. The most common drusen proteins appear to be TIMP-3, clusterin, vitronectin and serum albumin. Western blot analysis suggests that carboxyethyl pyrrole-protein adducts derived from docosahexaenoate-containing lipids are more abundant in AMD than in normal tissues. Abnormal protein cross-links and advanced glycation end products were also observed in drusen and Bruch's membrane. Lipid oxidation products and oxidative protein modifications may be causally involved in drusen formation and Bruch's membrane thickening.
Rational drug combination therapy for improved efficacy and delayed resistance in triple negative breast cancer.

e13113Background: Single-agent targeted therapies are prone to early resistance and thus, rational drug combinations are sought. We hypothesize that combining targeted therapies will have reduced r...
Voice as little object (a)rgument: on hearing Gore Vidal and William F. Buckley Jr.

Mladen Dolar’s theorization of voice is one that, in addition to its significance and aesthetics, posits a third faculty: voice as object. As a primary locus for the Lacanian objet petit a, an unde...
Ordinary Differential Equations: An Introduction to the Fundamentals

The Second Edition of Ordinary Differential Equations: An Introduction to the Fundamentals builds on the successful First Edition. It is unique in its approach to motivation, precision, explanation and method. Its layered approach offers the instructor opportunity for greater flexibility in coverage and depth. Students will appreciate the author’s approach and engaging style. Reasoning behind concepts and computations motivates readers. New topics are introduced in an easily accessible manner before being further developed later. The author emphasizes a basic understanding of the principles as well as modeling, computation procedures and the use of technology. The students will further appreciate the guides for carrying out the lengthier computational procedures with illustrative examples integrated into the discussion. Features of the Second Edition: Emphasizes motivation, a basic understanding of the mathematics, modeling and use of technology A layered approach that allows for a flexible presentation based on instructor's preferences and students’ abilities An instructor’s guide suggesting how the text can be applied to different courses New chapters on more advanced numerical methods and systems (including the Runge-Kutta method and the numerical solution of second- and higher-order equations) Many additional exercises, including two "chapters" of review exercises for first- and higher-order differential equations An extensive on-line solution manual About the author: Kenneth B. Howell earned bachelor’s degrees in both mathematics and physics from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and master’s and doctoral degrees in mathematics from Indiana University. For more than thirty years, he was a professor in the Department of Mathematical Sciences of the University of Alabama in Huntsville. Dr. Howell published numerous research articles in applied and theoretical mathematics in prestigious journals, served as a consulting research scientist for various companies and federal agencies in the space and defense industries, and received awards from the College and University for outstanding teaching. He is also the author of Principles of Fourier Analysis, Second Edition (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2016).
The demography of a resource specialist in the tropics: Cecropia trees and the fitness of three-toed sloths

Resource specialists persist in a narrow range of resources. Consequently, the abundance of key resources should drive vital rates, individual fitness, and population viability. While Neotropical f...
Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Versus Reflective Debriefing for Pediatric Septic Shock Training

Objectives:Rapid cycle deliberate practice is a simulation training method that cycles between deliberate practice and directed feedback to create perfect practice; in contrast to reflective debriefing where learners are asked to reflect on their performance to create change. The aim of this study i
A numerical investigation of the flame structure and blowoff characteristics of a bluff-body stabilized turbulent premixed flame

Abstract Bluff-body stabilized premixed flames have been a subject of significant technological interest in practical combustion devices. A collaborative computational-experimental effort is reported here, on simulating a series of bluff-body stabilized premixed propane flames near lean blowoff. An OpenFOAM-based large eddy simulation (LES) solver is coupled with an adaptive hybrid integration solver with sparse matrix technique, to enable efficient chemistry integration. A 31-species skeletal mechanism matching interested flame characteristics is systematically reduced from USC-Mech II, and is utilized to describe the finite-rate chemistry. A procedure to convert numerical mass fractions to pseudo Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) images is established to facilitate the comparison of flame topology and statistics with corresponding experiments. The study focuses on two stably burning conditions, and subsequently on a condition where global blowoff is observed. Velocity statistics, PLIF images of OH and CH2O, flame brush thickness, turbulent flame speed, and statistics of two dimensional strain rates are compared against experimental data, achieving reasonably good agreement under stably burning conditions. Approaching blowoff, the flame surfaces recede into the recirculation zone due to the reduced flame speed at lower equivalence ratios. Frequent flame-flame interaction in the narrowed necking region near the top boundary of the recirculation zone, asymmetric helical flame structure, and accumulated CH2O in the recirculation zone are observed near blowoff. Elevated levels of unburned fuel is observed in the recirculation zone, suggesting significant entrainment of fresh mixture near global blowoff. Analysis of the enstrophy transport indicates increasing strength of enstrophy approaching blowoff, which results from diminishing baroclinic torque and dilatation effects when density ratios in the anchoring region are reduced.
Lighting Research Today: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same

Change. It is the one word that best characterizes the environment for lighting research, as well as for lighting technology, in recent years; and yet, beneath the change there is an enduring found...
Trends and risk factors for 30-day readmissions in patients with acute cholangitis: analysis from the national readmission database

Acute cholangitis (AC) can be associated with significant mortality and high risk of readmissions, if not managed promptly. We used national readmission database (NRD) to identify trends and risk factors associated with 30-day readmissions in patients with AC. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted with AC from 2010–2014 and Q1-Q3 of 2015 by extracting data from NRD. Initial admission with a primary diagnosis of acute cholangitis (ICD-9 code: 576.1) was considered as the index admission and any admission after index admission was considered a readmission regardless of the primary diagnosis. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess the association. From 52,906 AC index admissions, overall 30-day readmission rate was 21.48% without significant differences in the readmission rates across the study period. There was significant increase in the overall hospital charges for readmissions, while a significant reduction in the death rate was observed during the first readmission. Recurrent cholangitis (14%), septicemia (6.4%), and mechanical complication of bile duct prosthesis (3%) were the most common reasons for readmissions. The risk of readmission was significantly higher in patients with pancreatic neoplasm (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.8), those who underwent percutaneous biliary procedures (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6), and who had an acute respiratory failure (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.15). Other factors contributing to increased risk of readmissions included patients with Charleston comorbidity index > 3, diabetes, and length of stay > 3 days. Readmission risk was significantly lower in patients who underwent ERCP (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.88) or cholecystectomy (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.43–0.69). AC is associated with a high 30-day readmission rate of over 21%. Patients with malignant biliary obstruction, increased comorbidities, and those who undergo percutaneous drainage rather than ERCP seem to be at the highest risk.
Determining the Significance of Coronary Plaque Lesions: Physiological Stenosis Severity and Plaque Characteristics

The evaluation of coronary lesions has evolved in recent years. Physiologic-guided revascularization (particularly with pressure-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR)) has led to superior outcomes compared to traditional angiographic assessment. A greater importance, therefore, has been placed on the functional significance of an epicardial lesion. Despite the improvements in the limitations of angiography, insights into the relationship between hemodynamic significance and plaque morphology at the lesion level has shown that determining the implications of epicardial lesions is rather complex. Investigators have sought greater understanding by correlating ischemia quantified by FFR with plaque characteristics determined on invasive and non-invasive modalities. We review the background of the use of these diagnostic tools in coronary artery disease and discuss the implications of analyzing physiological stenosis severity and plaque characteristics concurrently.
Qualitative and quantitative computed tomographic characteristics of the lumbosacral spine in German shepherd military working dogs with versus without lumbosacral pain

Lumbosacral (LS) stenosis is a cause of lower back pain, loss of mission readiness, and early retirement in military working dogs (MWDs). Aims of the present two-part study were to evaluate a sample of German Shepherd MWDs using standard clinical criteria for LS pain, standard qualitative computed tomographic (CT) criteria for LS stenosis, novel quantitative CT criteria for LS stenosis, and novel behavioral classification criteria for LS pain. Data were retrieved from archives of a tertiary referral MWD hospital. Study 1 was a retrospective, observational, two-group design with a hypothesis that there would be a significant difference in the percentage of affected German Shepherd MWDs with multilevel stenosis (affecting ≥ 3 vertebrae) between LS pain groups, based on standard clinical and qualitative CT criteria. Study 2 was a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional, two- and three-group study design with a hypothesis that quantitative CT measurements would significantly differ between LS pain groups, assigned based on 3 classification systems. The 1st classification system used standard clinical criteria, while the 2nd and 3rd novel classifications included behavioral signs of LS pain. The following quantitative CT measures were recorded without knowledge of behavioral classification: vertebral foramen area, vertebral foramen volume, vertebral foramen fat area; and ratios of vertebral foramen area/vertebral body area (foramen area ratio), cranial vertebral foramen area/caudal vertebral foramen area (cranial:caudal foramen area ratio), and vertebral fat area/vertebral body area (fat area ratio). Study 1 findings did not support the hypothesis in that there was no significant difference in the percentage of dogs affected with multilevel stenosis between LS pain groups (P = 0.6567). Findings for study 2 supported the hypothesis in that dogs with LS pain were significantly more affected by multilevel stenosis (P = 0.0273). Significant differences occurred between LS pain groups in select vertebral locations for all measurements (P ≤ 0.05) except vertebral foramen area and vertebral foramen volume (P > 0.05). Comparisons using novel quantitative CT measures and behavioral classification criteria identified significant differences between LS pain groups that were not detected using standard qualitative criteria. These novel quantitative and behavioral classification criteria may be helpful in future research on causes for early retirement in German Shepherd MWDs.
The Linguistic Fore-Structure Of Psychological Explanation

This chapter extends the early work of Smedslund on the common sense underpinnings of hypothesis testing in psychology. As Smedslund argued, experiments do not test hypotheses about the relationship between psychological process and behavior because any failure to verify would defy cultural understanding. Here I propose that the intelligibility of psychological explanations does not rest so much on cultural understandings as tautological language use. The reliance on tautology is born of the impossibility for ostensively defining the states of mind presumably giving rise to action. The result is reliance on a logic of originary resemblance, that is, explaining a given behavior in terms of a “miniaturized” form of itself, displaced within the mind. Further, because each definition of a mental term relies on another mental term for its meaning, we enter a condition of semiotic slippage. It is thus possible to account for psychological explanations far removed from simple or transparent tautology. By drawing on extended definitional sequences, we find that any given behavior (or its negation) can be explained by virtually any randomly drawn motive or trait. This includes otherwise counter-intuitive or paradoxical explanations. These developments bear importantly on the potentials of psychological research, mental and diagnostic testing, and psychotherapy.
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in an Academic General Surgical Program: Implications for Acute Care Surgeons.

Background. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is an important tool in the evolving specialty of acute care surgery (ACS). Understanding the types of nonelective EGDs performed by ACS groups is impor...