cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presidential Accountability and the Rule of Law: Can the President Claim Immunity If He Shoots Someone on Fifth Avenue?

Can a sitting president be indicted while in office? This critical constitutional question has never been directly answered by any court or legislative body. The prevailing wisdom, however, is that a sitting president is immune to prosecution while in office. The concept of presidential immunity has hastened the erosion of checks and balances in the federal government and weakened our ability to rein in renegade presidents. It has enabled sitting presidents to impede the enforcement of subpoenas and other tools of investigation by prosecutors, both federal and state, as well as to claim imperviousness to civil process, extending even to third parties. In this Article, we address a recent distortion of the immunity doctrine on the part of both litigants and scholars, namely the idea that presidential immunity is part of presidential powers under Article II of the Constitution, and that claims of immunity are therefore part of federal law. In an important recent case, however, the Supreme Court rejected the idea of presidential immunity as a constitutional doctrine and reasserted that a sitting president is not above the law. In Trump v. Vance, the Court made clear that a president’s Article II powers do not shield him from criminal investigation. In this Article, we argue that the holding of Vance is reinforced by historical discussions from the early days of the Republic, by important Supreme Court precedent, and by a sound understanding of the requirements of democratic governance. As we argue, Vance suggests that not only can a sitting president be criminally investigated, but that a sitting president can be indicted while in office. We argue that immunity to criminal prosecution for a sitting president would undermine all other forms of accountability, such as impeachment and the ballot box, as presidents will be able to commit crimes to avoid the impact of these two institutions of democracy with impunity. In keeping with our argument, we urge the Department of Justice to reverse two memos it has issued and adhered to over time asserting that a sitting president cannot be indicted while in office. The Justice Department should revise its advice to make clear that a sitting president who commits a crime can and should be investigated and potentially indicted. The Department should thus reiterate the basic principle the Founders embraced and that the Court upheld in Vance, namely that no person is above the law.
F1: A Fast and Programmable Accelerator for Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computing on encrypted data, enabling secure offloading of computation to untrusted servers. Though it provides ideal security, FHE is expensive when executed in software, 4 to 5 orders of magnitude slower than computing on unencrypted data. These overheads are a major barrier to FHE’s widespread adoption. We present F1, the first FHE accelerator that is programmable, i.e., capable of executing full FHE programs. F1 builds on an in-depth architectural analysis of the characteristics of FHE computations that reveals acceleration opportunities. F1 is a wide-vector processor with novel functional units deeply specialized to FHE primitives, such as modular arithmetic, number-theoretic transforms, and structured permutations. This organization provides so much compute throughput that data movement becomes the key bottleneck. Thus, F1 is primarily designed to minimize data movement. Hardware provides an explicitly managed memory hierarchy and mechanisms to decouple data movement from execution. A novel compiler leverages these mechanisms to maximize reuse and schedule off-chip and on-chip data movement. We evaluate F1 using cycle-accurate simulation and RTL synthesis. F1 is the first system to accelerate complete FHE programs, and outperforms state-of-the-art software implementations by gmean 5,400 × and by up to 17,000 ×. These speedups counter most of FHE’s overheads and enable new applications, like real-time private deep learning in the cloud.
A new SVPWM for phase currents reconstruction of three-phase three-level T-type converters

This paper presents a new space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) scheme to reconstruct phase currents using neutral point current sensing in three level T-type converters. For this purpose, zero vectors and offset vectors are replaced with complementary active vectors. These active vectors do not affect the resultant output voltage and the voltage balance at the neutral point of three-level T-type converters. Hence, the pulse widths of corresponding active vectors can be adjusted even at low speeds without additional switching losses and low frequency noise in the inverter. The modified switching patterns can easily be created without significant computational complexity. The proposed method is experimentally verified using Fuji T type IGBT modules, Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 and Spartan 6 systems.
The nature and development of early number concepts.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a conceptual framework to study the early development of concepts of quantity and demonstrates how this framework can be used to gain insight into the young child's conception of number. Particular emphasis is placed on the problem of studying number concepts in preschool children. It is thought that the general approach can serve as a working model for an understanding of the acquisition of quantity concepts. A distinction is drawn between the process of extracting an estimate of a given quantity and the process by which the consequences of transforming a quantity can be judged. The cognitive processes by which people determine some quantity, such as the numerosity of a set of objects, are termed estimators. The cognitive processes by which people determine the consequences of transforming a quantity in various ways are termed operators. Thus, the distinction is between processes that are used to determine how many items there are in an array or the relative numerosity of two arrays as against the processes used to determine whether transformations performed on a set affect its numerosity.
Cosmological Studies with Gamma-Ray Bursts

Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) explosions from the first generation of stars offer an exciting opportunity to probe the epoch of reionization. Clues about how and when the intergalactic medium was ionized can be read off their UV emission spectrum. Roughly a percent of all GRBs should be strongly gravitationally lensed by intervening stars. A microlensed lightcurve can be inverted to reconstruct the surface brightness profile of the GRB image on the sky, with micro-arcsecond resolution.
Characterization of Erectile Function in Elastin Haploinsufficicent Mice

Introduction Elastin fibers confer passive recoil to many tissues including the lung, skin, and arteries. In the penis, elastin is present in sinusoids, arterioles, and in the tunica albuginea. Although decreased penile elastin has been reported in men with erectile dysfunction, the exact role of elastin in physiologic processes integral to erection remains speculative.
Deciphering the nebular and asteroidal record of silicates and organic material in the matrix of the reduced CV3 chondrite Vigarano

– We have conducted scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of a variety of occurrences of matrix in the reduced CV3 chondrite breccia Vigarano. Matrix, which occurs as clastic interchondrule material and finer-grained rims, is dominated by morphologically variable olivines that host submicron, hercynitic spinel, and carbonaceous inclusions. Clastic matrix and fine-grained rims show significant differences in their olivine morphologies, abundance, and composition of olivine inclusions, and characteristics of the carbonaceous matter. We suggest that these differences are the result of different degrees of alteration of clastic matrix and rims and are not due to variability in their precursor materials. Textural and compositional characteristics of olivine in the matrix are consistent with formation by growth, possibly from an amorphous precursor material during asteroidal metamorphism, in the presence of limited quantities of aqueous fluids. Spinel inclusions in olivine may be nebular condensates that acted as seeds for nucleation of olivine or may have formed during metamorphism and were subsequently overgrown by olivine. Carbonaceous material occurs as nanometer-sized inclusions within olivine in both fine-grained rims and clastic matrix, but is most abundant as 100–200 nm grains, interstitial to matrix olivines. Most carbonaceous material is amorphous, but poorly graphitized carbon (PGC) also occurs as a minor component in both olivine inclusions and interstitial C. The widespread occurrence of fine-grained amorphous carbon grains in the interstitial regions between olivine grains may preserve the distribution and grain size of nebular organic material. No clear textural relationships exist between carbonaceous grains and the other mineralogical components of Vigarano matrix that could help constrain the origin of the organic grains (i.e., evidence for Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions). Finally, there are considerable differences between matrix olivines in Vigarano in comparison with those in oxidized CV3 chondrites. In particular, the mineralogy and morphology of the matrix olivines and the nature, composition, and distribution of inclusions in the olivine grains are distinct. Based on these differences, we conclude that matrix in the oxidized CV3 chondrites could not have formed by thermal processing of Vigarano-like material.
Assessment of Slip Severity Among Different Age Groups

A laboratory study utilizing new techniques for assessing slip severity was conducted to investigate the process of inadvertent slips and falls among different age groups. Fortytwo subjects from three age groups (young adults, middle-aged, and the elderly) walked on a rectangular track at a self-determined pace. Without the subjects’ awareness, a slippery floor surface was placed on the track over a force-measuring platform. The results indicated that elderly adults’ friction demand (RCOF) was not significantly different from the young and middle-aged adults. The older adults, however, fell more often than the other age groups. Fall recovery threshold (FRT) measures indicated that younger adults were able to recover from a slip (thus preventing a fall) with higher sliding speeds and longer slip distances than older adults. Additionally, older adults’ adjusted friction utilization (AFU) on the slippery floor surface was not adjusted within the dynamic friction requirements, resulting in more falls. Based on the age-related differences observed, it appears that fall-related accidents among older adults are due more to factors influencing compensation of a slip rather than gait characteristics influencing slip initiation.
Early adversity disrupts the adult use of aversive prediction errors to reduce fear in uncertainty

Early life adversity increases anxiety in adult rodents and primates, and increases the risk for developing post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in humans. We hypothesized that early adversity impairs the use of learning signals – negative, aversive prediction errors – to reduce fear in uncertainty. To test this hypothesis, we gave adolescent rats a battery of adverse experiences then assessed adult performance in probabilistic Pavlovian fear conditioning and fear extinction. Rats were confronted with three cues associated with different probabilities of foot shock: one cue never predicted shock, another cue predicted shock with uncertainty, and a final cue always predicted shock. Control rats initially acquired fear to all cues, but rapidly reduced fear to the non-predictive and uncertain cues. Early adversity rats were slower to reduce fear to the non-predictive cue and never fully reduced fear to the uncertain cue. In extinction, all cues were presented in the absence of shock. Fear to the uncertain cue in discrimination, but not early adversity itself, predicted the reduction of fear in extinction. These results demonstrate early adversity impairs the use of negative, aversive prediction errors to reduce fear, especially in situations of uncertainty.
Low voltage BiCMOS membership function circuit for analog VLSI fuzzy control implementation

A simple BiCMOS circuit that approximates a triangular transconductance characteristic with programmable height, slope and horizontal position is presented. Experimental results of a BiCMOS test chip that verify the operation of the circuit are shown. The circuit is very compact and it can find utilization for the VLSI implementation of membership functions in fuzzy controls and for piecewise linear approximation. >
Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture

Major developments on active and passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture over the last twenty five years are reported. This chapter begins with the basic principles and controlled, experimental studies with ground truth on active and passive sensing of soil moisture. Then, the indications of field experiments on the applicability and practicality of anticipated emission and scattering behaviors are reported. Results include ground-based, airborne and spaceborne emission and backscattering measurements as a function of soil moisture and other system, geometric and soil surface parameters. Based upon the observed scattering and emission characteristics and measured soil conditions, various approaches to soil moisture retrieval have been developed. The requirements and practical aspect of these retrieval methods are briefly summarized. Finally, the complementary nature and the relative merits of active and passive sensing are discussed.
Specifying synchronization in distributed shared memory programs

Several notions of consistency have been proposed to provide a consistent view of the shared memory. A consistency notion imposes constraints on the order in which updates to shared variables are made visible to various processes. We classify such constraints as intra-process constraints and many existing consistency notions provide flexible mechanisms to specify such constraints. We may also need to specify inter-process constraints to restrict the sequence in which updates issued by different processes are made visible. We propose the notion of invariant consistency that allows specification of such interprocess synchronization constraints. For this propose, we allow a programmer to label program operations and specify an invariant I constraining the execution of labeled operations at different processes. The implementation of invariant consistency ensures that the labeled operations are made visible in an order that satisfies I. We also give an implementation of invariant consistency that involves a mechanical translation of invariants to synchronization code. We show that invariant consistency simplifies programming as it eliminates application-level synchronization code to enforce inter-process constraints.
The distance to strong stability

The notion of “strong stability” has been introduced in a recent paper [12]. This notion is relevant for state-space models described by physical variables and prohibits overshooting trajectories in the state-space transient response for arbitrary initial conditions. Thus, “strong stability” is a stronger notion compared to alternative definitions (e.g. stability in the sense of Lyapunov or asymptotic stability). This paper defines two distance measures to strong stability under absolute (additive) and relative (multiplicative) matrix perturbations, formulated in terms of the spectral and the Frobenius norm. Both symmetric and non-symmetric perturbations are considered. Closed-form or algorithmic solutions to these distance problems are derived and interesting connections are established with various areas in matrix theory, such as the field of values of a matrix, the cone of positive semi-definite matrices and the Lyapunov cone of Hurwitz matrices. The results of the paper are illustrated by numerous computational examples.
Use of coronary revascularization in patients with unstable and non-ST-segment elevation acute Myocardial Infarction

Percutaneous coronary intervention can be safely performed in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including those with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI), and unstable angina. Although there remains debate about whether an aggressive strategy involving early coronary arteriography and revascularization should be routinely performed in patients who present with non-ST-segment elevation MI and unstable angina, recent clinical trials suggest that an aggressive approach should be taken in both intermediate- and high-risk patients with ACS. There have been 4 clinical trials that have compared the outcomes of patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation MI or unstable angina who were assigned to invasive or conservative strategies. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) IIIB trial and the Veterans Affairs Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies in Hospital (VANQWISH) trial failed to demonstrate a reduction in death or MI in patients assigned to an invasive approach, but it did demonstrate an important reduction in the frequency of rehospitalization. However, these studies were performed before the availability of coronary stents or the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. In contrast, the Fragmin and Fast Revascularisation During Instability in Coronary Artery Disease (FRISC) II and the Treat Angina with Aggrastat and Determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy (TACTICS) trials demonstrated significant improvements in the rates of death or MI in patients with non-ST-segment elevation MI or unstable angina assigned to an invasive strategy. Event reductions were greatest in patients with non-ST-segment elevation MI or unstable angina at intermediate or high risk for an adverse outcome. Understanding that these subgroups comprise approximately 75% of patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation MI or unstable angina, we believe that an invasive approach is indicated in most patients who develop non-ST-segment elevation MI or unstable angina. Regardless of the strategy used in ACS patients, lipid-lowering therapy is necessary to reduce recurrent ischemia events at the site of plaque instability and in atherosclerotic disease remote to the target lesion.
A silicon-based shear force sensor: development and characterization

Abstract A silicon-based shear force sensitive sensor is developed using microfabrication technology. Four ion-implanted piezoresistors are embedded in a silicon diaphragm and used as independent strain gauges. An epoxy mesa is built-up on top of the diaphragm to convert an applied force to a distributed stress. Both the normal and the shear components of an applied force can be resolved from the resistance changes induced by the stress. The sensor is tested when with a 0–3 N variant force is applied at elevation angles of 0°, 30°, 45° and 60°. At each elevation angle, the sensor is rotated from 0° to 360° at increments of 30°. Good linearity ( R ≈0.98) and good repeatability (STD≈3%) are observed. A sensor model is established in order to investigate the shear sensing ability and force measurement mechanism. The experimental results are in good agreement with the sensor model. Shear force sensing ability is demonstrated. In this paper, the sensor's design, fabrication and characterization are described. Based on the experimental data and the model, the sensor's shear sensitivity is discussed in detail.
Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization for Hospital-Acquired Enterococcal Bacteremia: Delivering Earlier Effective Antimicrobial Therapy

Hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia has been associated with increased hospital costs, length of stay, and mortality. The peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) test for Enterococcus faecalis and other enterococci (EFOE) is a multicolor probe that differentiates E. faecalis from other enterococcal species within 3 h directly from blood cultures demonstrating gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains (GPCPC). A quasiexperimental study was performed over two consecutive years beginning in 2005 that identified GPCPC by conventional microbiological methods, and in 2006 PNA FISH was added with a treatment algorithm developed by the antimicrobial team (AMT). The primary outcome assessed was the time from blood culture draw to the implementation of effective antimicrobial therapy before and after PNA FISH. The severity of illness, patient location, and empirical antimicrobial therapy were measured. A total of 224 patients with hospital-acquired enterococcal bacteremia were evaluated, with 129 in the preintervention period and 95 in the PNA FISH period. PNA FISH identified E. faecalis 3 days earlier than conventional cultures (1.1 versus 4.1 days; P < 0.001). PNA FISH identified Enterococcus faecium a median 2.3 days earlier (1.1 versus 3.4 days; P < 0.001) and was associated with statistically significant reductions in the time to initiating effective therapy (1.3 versus 3.1 days; P < 0.001) and decreased 30-day mortality (26% versus 45%; P = 0.04). The EFOE PNA FISH test in conjunction with an AMT treatment algorithm resulted in earlier initiation of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for patients with hospital-acquired E. faecium bacteremia.
Power electronics homework problem solver on the click

The field of Power Electronics plays an important role in industry as well as in our day-to-day life. They are used in power plants to generate electrical power and in industry to provide mechanical work. They are an indispensable part of our daily lives. The power electronics area has been and will continue to be amongst the most important fundamental courses of the electrical engineering curriculum. To enhance students learning in the area of power electronics, homework problem solver software has been developed at Ohio Northern University (ONU). This paper explores both the modules of the developed Power Electronics Problem Solver software and the assessment results of an investigation of learners' attitude toward this media based teaching tool. This software is one that the students can install it on their personal computers and be able to run it as a standalone program that doesn't need the assistance of any other software. This program utilizes C# and Graphical User Interface (GUI) that provides a user friendly platform for entering all of the data necessary to perform the calculations and instantly receive the outcomes of those calculations. As a helpful learning tool, this program instantly shows the effects that changing one input has on every different aspect of the output and also makes it possible for students to check their homework answers. The modules include DC-DC converters (buck, boost, buck-boost), power supplies (forward converters and flyback converters), DC-AC inverters. The assessment results are based on a survey completed by eighteen students enrolled in the course. The information and data collected from the survey were analyzed and used for the evaluation of Students' attitudes toward the use of this media based teaching tool. Students have responded favorably to and expressed their satisfaction with the developed software tool.
Cell death in response to antimetabolites directed at thymidylate synthase

Purpose Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an indispensable enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of TMP during DNA replication and cell growth, and has, therefore, been an important target for several classes of antimetabolites used in cancer chemotherapy. While most investigations of the action of TS-directed agents have focused on apoptosis as the primary means of cell death, little is known regarding the role, if any, of non-apoptotic mechanisms. In the present study, we have examined the mode of cell death induced by several TS inhibitors.
Quasi- Newton Methods for Nonlinear Equations

A unified derivation is presented of the quasi-Newton methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations. The general algorithm contains, as special cases, all of the previously proposed quasi-Newton methods.
COLORIMETRY OF FOODS. 2. Color Measurement of Squash Puree Using the Kubelka-Munk Concept

SUMMARY A series of 10 squash purees was prepared with added canthaxan thin in increments of 0.3-ppm. The samples were evaluated visually for color differences under illumination of 7400°K and measured with a G.E. spectrophotometer with tristimulus integrator and a Hunterlab 025 calorimeter. Each sample was measured against a white and a black background in Plexiglass cells varying in thickness from 2 to 8 mm for both visual and instrumental experiments. The instrumental data were calculated in conventional and K/S ratios and correlated with theoretical and visual color rankings. The optimum visual rankings were found with a 5-mm thickness or greater, and a black background. The panels could rank samples differing in approximately 0.2 delta E units, calculated as Δ E = (ΔL2+Δa2+Δb2)½ reasonably well with 5mm thickness or greater, and no better with thinner cells, even though the ΔE values were much larger. Adequate rankings of the samples by either instrument required a multiple correlation with all three color parameters (X Y Z or L a b). Calculation of tristimulus data in terms of K/S ratios or K/S ratios at single wavelengths did not improve the correlations with visual or theoretical rankings.
Studies directed toward the total synthesis of tetronolide 2. A stereoselective route to the racemic cyclohexene subunit

Abstract A short stereoselective sequence is described for the preparation of the racemic form of the highly functionalized cyclohexene derivative 2 which comprises the upper segment of tetronolide ( 1 ), the aglycone of the antitumor tetrocarcins. A key element of this route is rapid assembly and intramolecular cycloaddition of the trienyl enol pyruvate 4 , which achieves complete control over regiochemistry and good stereochemical control.
Mutations induced in Haemophilus influenzae by transformation with nitrosoguanidine-treated DNA.

Abstract Mutations were induced by treatment of Haemophilus influenzae DNA in vitro with N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and subsequent transformation of the bacteria. Mutations were detected in appreciable frequency only in loci linked to the marker locus used to select transformants. The frequency of mutation was at least an order of magnitude lower than that which can be induced by treating the bacteria directly. A still lower frequency, approaching zero, was found when bacteria were treated, lysed immediately, and the lysate used for transformation. However, the frequency increased to nearly the level for direct treatment when the treated bacteria were incubated at 37° for 30 min before lysis. The presence of a sulfhydryl compound, glutathione, at the time of treatment of the DNA was without effect. A UV-sensitive strain that gives low mutation yields with MNNG also gives low yields when used as a recipient for MNNG-treated DNA. Attempts to obtain a higher yield by treatment in vitro with a UV endonuclease, which seems to be missing in this strain, were unsuccessful. The interpretation of these results is discussed.
Evaluation with informational and navigational intents

Given an ambiguous or underspecified query, search result diversification aims at accomodating different user intents within a single "entry-point" result page. However, some intents are informational, for which many relevant pages may help, while others are navigational, for which only one web page is required. We propose new evaluation metrics for search result diversification that considers this distinction, as well as a simple method for comparing the intuitiveness of a given pair of metrics quantitatively. Our main experimental findings are: (a) In terms of discriminative power which reflects statistical reliability, the proposed metrics, DIN#-nDCG and P+Q#, are comparable to intent recall and D#-nDCG, and possibly superior to α-nDCG; (b) In terms of preference agreement with intent recall, P+Q# is superior to other diversity metrics and therefore may be the most intuitive as a metric that emphasises diversity; and (c) In terms of preference agreement with effective precision, DIN#-nDCG is superior to other diversity metrics and therefore may be the most intuitive as a metric that emphasises relevance. Moreover, DIN#-nDCG may be the most intuitive as a metric that considers both diversity and relevance. In addition, we demonstrate that the randomised Tukey's Honestly Significant Differences test that takes the entire set of available runs into account is substantially more conservative than the paired bootstrap test that only considers one run pair at a time, and therefore recommend the former approach for significance testing when a set of runs is available for evaluation.
Volatiles in selected commercial breads

ABSTRACT Selected types of commercial breads obtained from local markets, including white sandwich, Irish oatmeal, soft rye, hearty rye, sour dough, home-like white, and onion-basil, were analyzed for volatiles. Using a purge and trap instrument, volatiles were purged directly from fresh crumb and crust samples of each bread type, collected on a trap (Tenax-TA), and transferred to a gas chromatograph. Separated components were detected and identified using mass and infrared spectroscopic detectors. Many components were present in all of the bread samples, with relative amounts varying among bread types and crust and crumb samples of a given bread type. Alcohols were generally the most abundant, followed in approximate order by aldehydes, esters, ketones, acids, various aromatics, terpenes, and hydrocarbons. Flavor additives, such as limonene, carvone, and other related compounds, were found mostly in rye and onion-basil breads. Composition of volatiles from sour dough bread differed greatly from the other...
Androgen-induced precocious puberty in the female rat and its inhibition by hippocampal lesions.

Precocious puberty is induced in the female rat by treatment with 0.1 mg testosterone propionate on days 17 and 19, 21 and 23, or 25 and 27 of age, or by treatment with 0.05 mg at 21, 23 and 25 days of age. Such rats show early vaginal opening and early onset of first estrus, followed by regular estrous cycles. The effect of testosterone propionate on the vaginal opening seems to be due to a peripheral action of the hormone. Females castrated at 21 days of age and treated with 0.1 mg of testosterone propionate at 21 and 23 days of age show vaginal opening at the same time as the intactanimals. Perivaginal injection of 0.01 mg of testosterone propionate at 21 and 23 days of age causes an early vaginal opening in intact animals without advancing the onset of the first estrus. Early onset of first estrus and an early initiation of estrous cycles appear to be due to central effects of testosterone propionate bringing about an advancement of the maturation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-ovarian axis. The centr...
Developmental changes in lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of turtles.

Abstract Electrophoresis of muscle supernatants from turtle embryos ( Chelydra serpentina serpentina ) taken at various stages of development indicates a gradual shift in LDH isozyme pattern from LDH-1 predominance in the early stages to LDH-5 in the later stages. However, the typical adult pattern is not yet fully attained even as late as 35 days post-hatching. Distinct separation into 5 isozyme bands could be attained by electrophoresing at pH 6.2 but no separation occured at pH 8.6. It is suggested that one of the polypeptide subunits making up the LDH molecule is rich in histidine.
How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Consider My Options Cognition, Verbal Strategies, and the Escalation of Intimacy

Previous research has revealed that individuals have expectations for the development of romance based on personal experience and cultural images. A series of research questions and hypotheses was generated and a sequence of hierarchical log-linear analysis models axis developed to test (a) the effect of gender and knowledge of relational stage and relationship type on prediction of next-occurring actions in the development of a romance, (b) the use of compliance-gaining strategies intended to advance a relationship to the next stage, and (c) justification of secondary goals in which participants reported why they chose the strategies they did as opposed to other alternatives. The data revealed effects for relational stage progression on prediction of ensuing actions. Ingratiation, explanation, and direct requests were popular strategies for developing intimacy. Gender differences in terms of secondary goals were reported. Results are discussed in terms of relational memory structures for the development of intimacy.
Gas-Phase Thermochemical Properties of the Damaged Base O6-Methylguanine versus Adenine and Guanine

The gas phase acidity (ΔHacid and ΔGacid) and proton affinity (PA, and gas phase basicity (GB)) of adenine, guanine, and O6-methylguanine (OMG) have been examined using both theoretical (B3LYP/6-31+G*) and experimental (bracketing, Cooks kinetic) methods. We previously measured the acidity of adenine using bracketing methods; herein we measure the acidity of adenine by the Cooks kinetic method (ΔHacid = 335 ± 3 kcal mol−1; ΔGacid = 329 ± 3 kcal mol−1). We also measured the PA/GB of adenine using both bracketing and Cooks methods (PA = 224 and 225 kcal mol−1; GB = 216 and 217 kcal mol−1). Guanine is calculated to have several stable tautomers in the gas phase, in contrast to in solution, where the canonical tautomer predominates. Experimental measurements of gas phase guanine properties are difficult due to its nonvolatility; using electrospray and the Cooks kinetic method, we are able to measure a ΔHacid of 335 ± 3 kcal mol−1 (ΔGacid = 328 ± 3 kcal mol−1). The proton affinity is 227 ± 3 kcal mol−1 (GB = 2...
Accounting for Excess Purchase Price: Goodwill or Expense? Instructional Issues.

Abstract The current trend of accounting for excess purchase price that relates to intangible items not identified as separate assets, in a business acquisition, is to account for it either by expensing or capitalizing it. Even though current standards suggest that companies capitalize the excess as goodwill, in many instances, the current practice is to expense it. In this article, we discuss the issue as an example of how accounting is being challenged constantly by unique and sometimes very aggressive accounting policies for managing net income by management. The example also gives instructors an opportunity to incorporate several issues related to accounting policy, accounting alternatives, and subjective judgment into their financial accounting courses.
Generalized matrix near-rings

Let R be a right near-ring with identity. The k×k matrix near-ring over R, Matk(R R), as defined by Meldrum and van der Walt, regards R as a left mod-ule over R. Let M be any faithful left R-module. Using the action of R on M, a generalized k×k matrix near-ring, Matk(R M), is defined. It is seen that Matk(R M) has many of the features of Matk(R R). Differences be-tween the two classes of near-rings are shown. In spe- cial cases there are relationships between Matk(R M) and Matk(R R). Generalized matrix near-rings Matk(R M) arise as the “right near-ring” of finite centraiizer near-rings of the form M A{G)> where G is a finite group and A is a fixed point free automorphism group on G.
Reduction of flurazepam's antiseizure efficacy persists after stress.

Abstract Twenty-four hours after mice were forced to swim for up to 10 min in cold (6°C) water, the ability of flurazepam to antagonize the electrical precipitation of seizures was reduced. This stress-induced reduction in flurazepam's antiseizure efficacy persisted for at least 72 h; but was absent 1 week after the single session of swim stress. The data may be relevant to stress-related psychiatric disorders and suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of benzodiazepines may be altered after a severe stress.
Injection locking of a 13-W cw Nd:YAG ring laser.

A lamp-pumped, 13-W cw Nd:YAG ring laser at 1.064 μm is injection locked using a 40-mW single-frequency diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG laser as the master oscillator. The phase fidelity of the injected slave to the master is measured using an all-optical technique.
Increasing the sensitivity of the Story Retell Procedure for the discrimination of normal elderly subjects from persons with aphasia

Background: Clinicians have long recognised the need for assessing language production at multiple levels of complexity and at impairment, participation, and activity levels. Methods for the elicitation of connected spoken language have taken many forms, typically selected with a balance between validly sampling linguistic performance, and reliability and economy of the sampling and scoring procedures. A Story Retell Procedure (SRP) has been proposed as a preferred method for achieving valid, reliable, and economic assessment of connected language (Doyle et al., 2000), and an information unit (IU) metric has been developed for validly and economically capturing important linguistic aspects of the retelling (McNeil, Doyle, Fossett, Park, & Goda, 2001). Aims: In keeping with the goal of making assessment procedures as efficient and economic as possible, a study was undertaken to investigate the refinement of the IU metric for increasing the sensitivity of the SRP as an instrument for the detection of connec...
A NEW VARIANT OF FOOD POISONING: ENTEROINVASIVE KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE AND ESCHERICHIA COLI SEPSIS FROM A CONTAMINATED HAMBURGER

For the first time, we report Klebsiella pneumoniae as an enteroinvasive food-borne pathogen transmitted from a hamburger. A 28-year-old previously healthy African-American male ingested a portion of a hamburger from a fast food chain. Symptoms of gastroenteritis rapidly deteriorated to multiorgan failure. Blood and hamburger cultures grew Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Since Klebsiella had not previously been reported as enteroinvasive, the isolates were compared. Full biochemical profiles, antimicrobial sensitivity, plasmid profile, and toxin assay by DNA hybridization probe were completely concordant. The patient survived the episode of food-borne sepsis. Deliberate or inadvertent employee contamination of food products with feces may be a potential source of life-threatening food-borne illness.
Si-H bond activation by (Ph3P)2Pt(η2-C2H4) in dihydrosilicon tricycles that also contain O and N heteroatoms

Several tricyclic phenoxasilin and phenazasiline heterocycles were synthesized from the corresponding 2,2‘-dilithio-diphenyl ether or diphenyl amine precursor and silicon tetrachloride (or trichlorosilane) followed by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride [H2SiAr2: Ar2 = C12H8O (1); Ar2 = C14H12O (2); Ar2 = C13H11N (3); Ar2 = C15H15N (4); Ar2 = C13H9Br2N (5)]. The reactivity of hydrosilanes 1−5 with (Ph3P)2Pt(η2-C2H4) (6) was investigated. At room temperature, mononuclear complexes, (Ph3P)2Pt(H)(SiAr2H) and (Ph3P)2Pt(SiAr2H)2, were generally observed by NMR spectroscopy but were too reactive or unstable to isolate. Dinuclear and in some cases trinuclear Pt−Si-containing complexes were observed as the major products from the reactions. Symmetrical dinuclear complexes, [(Ph3P)Pt(μ-η2-H-SiAr2)]2 (8 and 22, respectively), were produced from the reaction of 1 or 3 with 6. In contrast, reaction of silane 2 with 6 produced a trinuclear complex, [(Ph3P)Pt(μ-SiAr2)]3 (16), as the major product. However, reactio...
Abstract P2-16-24: Folate targeted SMDC’s: A possible new treatment alternative for folate receptor expressing TNBC patients

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype characterized by lack of gene expression for the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and the Her2/neu protein. Hence, the lack of hormonal or Her2 targeted therapy options makes TNBC difficult to treat, resulting in a death rate which is disproportionately higher than for other breast cancer subtypes. Recently, the folate receptor (FR) was shown to be highly expressed in TNBC, and expression significantly correlated with the higher grades of malignancy as well as poor outcomes. These observations suggest that TNBC patients may benefit from treatment with an FR-targeted therapy. To address this question, an established FR-positive subcutaneous TNBC pre-clinical model (MDA-MB-231) was chosen to evaluate a panel of FR-targeted small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC) with high potencies and varying mechanisms of action. Thus, EC1456 (folate-tubulysin B; IC50 ∼ 1 nM) and EC1744 (a folate-DNA cross-linking agent; IC50 ∼0.1 nM) were dosed intravenously at 2 μmol/kg following a three times per week, two week schedule in tumor-bearing mice. Both FR-targeted agents were found to be highly active against the MDA-MB-231 tumors, with 80-100% cure rates. In all cases, the observed anti-tumor activity was not accompanied by any significant weight loss in the test animals. These findings suggest that folate-targeted SMDCs may be active against TNBC and that further preclinical studies are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-16-24.
Spontaneous potentials from explants of chick cerebral hemisphere (telencephalon) in tissue culture.

USING techniques and supernatant similar to those used to demonstrate spontaneous potentials from explants of chick embryo cerebellum in tissue culture in Kahn tubes1, spontaneous potentials have been demonstrated in explants from the telencephalon of 11-day chick embryo brain. The explants were thin slices of the full thickness of the lateral aspect of the telencephalon. The control used was dead chick cerebellum tissue (explanted into a Kahn tube in the same manner as the telencephalic tissue and then killed by heat). The Kahn tube containing the control tissue was placed side by side with the living culture material in the same incubator with identical amplification and recording apparatus. The living brain tissue gave the same form, and magnitude of potentials on every recording channel which was tried; whereas the control tissues gave no potentials on any channel.
C/EBPϵ interacts with retinoblastoma and E2F1 during granulopoiesis

CCAAT enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPepsilon) is a myeloid specific transcription factor that is essential for terminal granulocytic differentiation. Retinoblastoma (Rb) and E2F1 are critical cell cycle regulators that also have been implicated in several differentiation systems. Here, we demonstrate that C/EBPepsilon interacts with Rb and E2F1 during granulocytic differentiation in NB4 and U937 human myeloid cells and in 32Dcl3 murine myeloid precursor cells. The interaction between C/EBPepsilon and Rb enhances C/EBPepsilon-mediated transcription of myeloid specific genes both in reporter assays and endogenously. The C/EBPepsilon-E2F1 interaction results in repression of E2F1-mediated transcriptional activity. Finally, overexpression of C/EBPepsilon in human myeloid cells leads to down-regulation of c-Myc. We propose that the interactions between C/EBPepsilon, a tissue-specific transcription factor, and the broad-spectrum proteins, Rb and E2F1, are important in C/EBPepsilon-induced terminal granulocytic differentiation.
The magnetic properties of some R5Pt3 compounds (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho)

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility and magnetization of the R 5 Pt 3 intermetallic compounds have been studied. Gd 5 Pt 3 is ferromagnetic while Tb 5 Pt 3 , Dy 5 Pt 3 and Ho 5 Pt 3 possess rather a non-linear magnetic structure, with strong ferromagnetic interaction and high anisotropy effects at low temperatures.
Interspecific competition among metapopulations with space-limited subpopulations

Abstract A model of the dynamics of a single metapopulation with space-limited subpopulations ( J. Roughgarden and Y. Iwasa, 1986 , Theor. Pop. Biol. 29, 235–261) is extended to include interspecific competition for space. The location and stability of steady states for the regional competition community are analyzed; a necessary condition for stable regional coexisitence of many species, and the condition for successful invasion of a new species into a region, are derived. General results are (1) the number of species that can coexist in a regional competition community is less than or equal to the number of distinct types of local habitats in the region and (2) for any pair of species coexisting in a regional community, say species-i and species-j, there is at least one place where species-i has a higher productivity relative to its larval mortality rate than species-j, and at least one place where species-j has a higher productivity relative to its larval mortality rate than species-i. A regional competition community consisting of two species competing for the space in two local habitats is analyzed using a graphical classification. If both local habitats are net “sources” of larvae for the regional populations of both species, then the qualitative results of interspecific competition on a regional scale are the same as those of the classical two-species Lotka-Volterra competition equations. If one of the local habitats is a net “sink” for larvae of one or more of the metapopulations, then additional results are possible: (1) The existence of a species may require the presence of its competitor. (2) A species which cannot invade an empty regional community may be able to invade if another species is present, and may then displace the first species leaving a regional community that again has one species. (3) A second species may invade a regional community containing one species with the end result that both become extinct.
New domain motif: The structure of pectate lyase C, a secreted plant virulence factor

Pectate lyases are secreted by pathogens and initiate soft-rot diseases in plants by cleaving polygalacturonate, a major component of the plant cell wall. The three-dimensional structure of pectate lyase C from Erwinia chrysanthemi has been solved and refined to a resolution of 2.2 angstroms. The enzyme folds into a unique motif of parallel beta strands coiled into a large helix. Within the core, the amino acids form linear stacks and include a novel asparagine ladder. The sequence similarities that pectate lyases share with pectin lyases, pollen and style proteins, and tubulins suggest that the parallel beta helix motif may occur in a broad spectrum of proteins.
Olfactory control of aggression in lactating female housemice

Abstract Wild female lactating mice were tested for aggression toward strange wild male mice doused with either the test female's own urine (Owns), the urine of other wild females (Novels), or water (Controls). Treatment effects were assessed against an aggression index comprised of 5 different behaviors shown to be related by a factor analysis. Females aggressed more toward Novel-scented opponents than toward either Owns or Controls, the latter 2 conditions failing to differ statistically. It was concluded that an olfactorily-mediated mechanism controls the recognition of intruders by aggressive lactating housemice.
The Stochastic Knapsack Revisited: Switch-Over Policies and Dynamic Pricing

The stochastic knapsack has been used as a model in wide-ranging applications from dynamic resource allocation to admission control in telecommunication. In recent years, a variation of the model has become a basic tool in studying problems that arise in revenue management and dynamic/flexible pricing, and it is in this context that our study is undertaken. Based on a dynamic programming formulation and associated properties of the value function, we study in this paper a class of control that we call switch-over policies---start by accepting only orders of the highest price, and switch to including lower prices as time goes by, with the switch-over times optimally decided via convex programming. We establish the asymptotic optimality of the switch-over policy, and develop pricing models based on this policy to optimize the price reductions over the decision horizon.