cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultra high connectivity military networks

We consider how a shared data network can effectively support connectivity-centric applications. Such applications include command dissemination and emergency alerts. These applications have low data rate requirements but depend critically on maximizing the fraction of messages sent that are delivered on time, which is called the connectivity of the network. Stresses that impair connectivity include low-quality wireless links, adversary action, network management errors, and high load. We argue that connectivity-centric applications require dedicated support at multiple layers. The network should provide two separate communications services, high-connectivity and high-capacity, with independent protocol stacks. The highconnectivity service trades resource consumption for improved connectivity at all layers and hence cannot be used for more than a small fraction of the overall traffic load. In addition to application data it carries control plane traffic critical to network operation and crisis recovery. The high-capacity service is a more traditional efficiency-optimized stack. We consider architectures for the high-connectivity service in both tactical wireless and core fiber networks. Within the overall architecture, we investigate in more detail path-diversity mechanisms for overcoming connectivity failures, and network segmentation to mitigate the effect of cyber attacks on the control plane.
Analog programmable chips for implementing ANNs using capacitive weight storage

The design approach for fully multiplexed 32*32 and 128*64 programmable analog vector-matrix multipliers utilizing capacitive weight storage is described. A fully differential design has been used throughout the signal path for cancellation of common-mode noise feedthroughs and reduction of multiplier and multiplexer offsets. The 32*32 vector-matrix multiplier circuit has been fabricated using the MOSIS 2- mu m P-well CMOS technology. A method to increase dynamic range and a method to reduce power dissipation by an order of magnitude are described. Results showing operation of the 32*32 vector-matrix multiplier circuit are reported. >
Heat transfer and solidification of polymer melt flow in a channel

A numerical study is carried out on the conjugate thermal transport and solidification in polymer melts flowing through channels. A continuum model with the enthalpy formulation is used for a laminar, two-dimensional, axisymmetric, incompressible, and steady flow. The influences of axial diffusion, viscous dissipation, and temperature-dependent viscosity are included. A fully elliptic, control volume, finite difference method is employed to solve the governing equations. Numerical results are analyzed by examining the effects of outer wall temperature, Biot number, and mass flow rate. Isotherms and other results are also presented.
On-line adaptive optimal timing control of switched systems

In this paper we consider the problem of optimizing over the switching times for a multi-modal dynamic system when the complete cost-to-go is not available. The instantaneous cost is assumed to be unavailable before run-time, but can be measured in real time. Since the cost-to-go for optimization is time-varying, this problem falls under the category of on-line optimization of switched systems. The goal of the paper is to present an iterative process to update the switching times for the system in such a way that they remain optimal with respect to the changing cost-to-go function. It is shown that the information required to update the switching times is the ‘rate of change’ of the instantaneous cost, which is in the form of the partial derivative of the instantaneous cost function.
Clinical consequences of withholding versus administering renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists in the preoperative period

BACKGROUND: Hospitalists involved in perioperative care either stop or continue until the day of surgery renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists (either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEI] or angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 antagonists [ARA]) in patients who use these agents chronically. This practice variation reflects uncertainty regarding the risks and benefits of either approach. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical consequences of preoperatively continuing versus withholding ACEI/ARAs in patients treated chronically with these agents. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: We comprehensively searched 7 major electronic databases, considered references from selected reviews, hand-searched journals, and communicated with experts. We included randomized trials and observational studies. DATA EXTRACTION: We evaluated the relative risk (RR) of hypotension requiring vasopressors and of myocardial infarction in patients who did or did not receive an immediate preoperative dose of ACEI or ARA. DATA SYNTHESIS: Random-effects meta-analysis from 5 studies totaling 434 patients suggested that patients receiving an immediate preoperative ACEI/ARA dose were more likely (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.15-1.96) to develop hypotension requiring vasopressors at or shortly after induction of anesthesia. Sufficient data were not available to assess other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative administration of ACEI/ARAs increases intraoperative hypotension. The long-term clinical consequences of continuing versus withholding preoperative ACEI/ARAs are unknown. This uncertainty stems in part from the absence to date of randomized trials designed specifically to examine patient-important consequences of this decision. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:319–325. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Multicenter Surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates From Middle Ear and Mastoid Cultures in the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of otitis media (OM) in children; mastoiditis remains an important complication of OM. Limited data are available on the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pneumococcal otitis. Methods Investigators from 8 children's hospitals in the United States prospectively collected pneumococcal isolates from middle ear or mastoid cultures from children from 2011 to 2013. Serotype and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined and PCV13 doses for children documented. Results Over the 3-year period, the proportion of isolates included in PCV13 (plus a related serotype) decreased significantly (P = .0006) among the middle ear/mastoid isolates (2011, 50% [74/149]; 2012, 40.5% [47/116]; 2013, 29% [34/118]). The number of serotype 19A isolates in 2013 (n = 12, 10.2% of total) decreased 76% compared with the number of 19A isolates in 2011 (n = 50, 33.6% of total). Of the children from whom serotype 19A was isolated (n = 93), 55% had previously received 2 µg/mL decreased significantly over the 3 years (2011, 22% [35/154]; 2012, 20% [24/118]; 2013, 10% [12/120]; P Conclusions The number of pneumococcal isolates and the percentage of isolates with high-level penicillin resistance from cultures taken from children with OM or mastoiditis for clinical indications have decreased following PCV13 use, largely related to decreases in serotype 19A isolates.
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Complications with Implant Placement and Fixation

Although it is challenging to make an accurate assessment of complications from the literature regarding minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the spine, it appears that, in general, complications of MIS spine surgery are comparable to open surgery. However, there may be a steep learning curve with certain procedures, during which time the complication rate may be higher than open procedures.
Dynamometer Elbow Strength and Endurance Testing After Distal Biceps Reconstruction w/Allograft

Objectives:The purpose of the current study is to investigate the functional strength outcomes of late distal biceps reconstruction using allograft tissue.Methods:Patients who underwent distal bice...
Development and Evaluation of Biodegradable Particles Coloaded With Antigen and the Toll-Like Receptor Agonist, Pentaerythritol Lipid A, as a Cancer Vaccine

Immune adjuvants are important components of current and prospective cancer vaccines. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the use of a synthetic lipid A derivative, pentaerythritol lipid A (PET lipid A), loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles, as a potential cancer vaccine adjuvant. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles (size range: 250-600 nm) were successfully formulated to include PET lipid A and/or the model tumor antigen, chicken ovalbumin (OVA). It was shown that particulated PET lipid A had a distinct advantage at promoting secretion of the immune potentiating cytokine, IL-12p70, and upregulating key costimulatory surface proteins, CD86 and CD40, in murine dendritic cells in vitro. In a murine tumor model, involving prophylactic vaccination with various permutations of soluble versus particulated formulations of OVA with or without PET lipid A, modest benefit was observed in terms of OVA-specific cell-mediated immune responses when PET lipid A was delivered in particles. These findings translated into a corresponding trend toward increased survival of mice challenged with OVA-expressing tumor cells (E.G7). In terms of translation of safe adjuvants into the clinic, these results promote the concept of delivering toll-like receptor-4 agonists in particles because doing so improves their adjuvant properties, while decreasing the chances of adverse effects due to off-target uptake by nonphagocytic cells.
Song text of the Bashi

One hundred and twenty-one songs were recorded with the Bashi; eighty-nine of the texts contained sufficiently clear ideas for analysis. These songs are perforce “social” songs, that is, songs sung on social occasions as opposed to those of specialised application; thus, for example, songs in which natural or supernatural forces are petitioned are not included here. Rather, those songs sung or played at beer drinks, feasts, marriage celebrations and like events form the basis for this study, for these are the texts in which comment is made upon subjects of general interest to the people who sing them.
Nature of ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition and origin of negative thermal expansion in PbTi O 3

Ferroelectric-paraelectric (FE-PE) phase transitions have been primarily explained by the phenomenological Landau-Devonshire theory and a soft-zone-center mode of vibration in the literature. In this work, we study the atomic structure and polarization evolution of $\mathrm{PbTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as a function of temperature using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast to conventional molecular dynamics analyses where results are averaged over time, we categorize the atomic configurations as a function of time in terms of Ti-O bond lengths in the nearest-neighboring shell. We show that an appreciable amount of cubic configuration exists at temperatures about 300 K below its FE-PE phase transition temperature of 763 K, even though the time-averaged overall atomic configuration is tetragonal. The quantitative results depict that as the temperature increases the population of the cubic configuration increases and that of the tetragonal configuration decreases, signifying that the FE-PE phase transition is intrinsically second order. It reveals that the thermal fluctuation of the cubic configurations in the tetragonal matrix makes a significant contribution to the negative thermal expansion in the FE phase region because the cubic configuration has smaller volume and higher entropy than the tetragonal matrix.
Health Information Maps: Combining Macroergonomics Concepts with Facilities Layout Tools

Health care consumers are faced with managing an increasing volume of health information and information technology solutions have been developed to support these activities. In order to develop appropriate solutions, it is important to understand the context in which lay persons manage their health information. This study was conducted to develop Health Information Maps, a facilities layout method that uses macroergonomics as a guiding framework. This article presents results from the first cycle of the study, which tested the feasibility of using the Maps methodology. Study results show that participants appeared to be engaged in the interview process and understand interview questions. Based on participants' responses, study methods have been expanded to add an explicit evaluation of the methodology by study participants. The interview has also been revised to account for differences between ‘health insurance cards’ and ‘health insurance policy,’ in order to focus solely on health insurance cards.
Spontaneous Hypertension Is Primarily the Result of Sympathetic Overactivity and Immunologic Dysfunction

Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and immunologic dysfunction have been shown to contribute to development and maintenance of hypertension in the Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In this study, the combined effects of reduction in sympathetic activity and immunologic manipulation on spontaneous hypertension have been determined. Neonatal SHRs received sham implants or implants of thymic tissue from Wistar donor rats. In addition, the thymus-implanted SHRs underwent bilateral renal denervation when they were 6 weeks old. At the same time, the sham-implanted SHRs underwent sham renal denervation. The denervations or sham operations were repeated when the SHRs were 9, 12, 15, and 18 weeks old. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats also underwent serial sham renal denervations. Tail-cuff pressure measurements indicated that approximately 75% of the chronic hypertension in the SHRs was prevented by the combination of thymic implants and renal denervations. Direct arterial pressure measurements confirmed these results; when the rats were 21 weeks old, mean arterial pressure averaged 177 +/- 5.5 mm Hg in sham-operated SHRs, 134 +/- 2.7 mm Hg in implanted, denervated SHRs, and 121 +/- 2.1 mm Hg in sham-operated WKY rats. These data indicate that overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and immunologic dysfunction account for the majority of the hypertension in the Okamoto SHR.
Hermite finite elements for high accuracy electromagnetic field calculations: A case study of homogeneous and inhomogeneous waveguides

Maxwell's vector field equations and their numerical solution represent significant challenges for physical domains with complex geometries. There are several limitations in the presently prevalent approaches to the calculation of field distributions in physical domains, in particular, with the vector finite elements. In order to quantify and resolve issues, we consider the modeling of the field equations for the prototypical examples of waveguides. We employ the finite element method with a new set of Hermite interpolation polynomials derived recently by us using group theoretic considerations. We show that (i) the approach presented here yields better accuracy by several orders of magnitude, with a smoother representation of fields than the vector finite elements for waveguide calculations. (ii) This method does not generate any spurious solutions that plague Lagrange finite elements, even though the C1-continuous Hermite polynomials are also scalar in nature. (iii) We present solutions for propagating ...
The epidemiology of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III

To present current, nationally representative US findings on the past-year and lifetime prevalences, sociodemographic correlates, psychiatric comorbidity, associated disability, and treatment of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Face-to-face interviews with 36,309 adults in the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. PTSD, alcohol and drug use disorders, and selected mood, anxiety, and personality disorders were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5. Past-year and lifetime prevalences were 4.7 and 6.1 %, higher for female, white, Native American, younger, and previously married respondents, those with <high school education and lower incomes, and rural residents. PTSD was significantly associated with a broad range of substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, and past-month disability. Among respondents with lifetime PTSD, 59.4 % sought treatment; an average of 4.5 years elapsed from disorder onset to first treatment. DSM-5 PTSD is prevalent, highly comorbid, disabling, and associated with delayed help seeking. Additional research is needed to elucidate relationships identified herein, estimate PTSD-related costs, investigate hypotheses regarding etiology, course, and treatment, and support decisions about resource allocation to service delivery and research. Initiatives are needed to destigmatize PTSD, educate the public about its treatment, and encourage affected individuals to seek help.
Analysis on the Operation Mechanism of Opening Services in the University Library——Taking Xianlin University City for Example

Based on the comparison of the present situation of domestic and foreign university libraries' opening to the public,this paper expounds the possibility and necessity of the university library's opening to the public,and points out some problems faced by the university library's opening to the public,combined with the particularity of Xianlin University City,and puts forward some corresponding suggestions on the university library's opening to the public.
Therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. A pyramidal plan.

Two questions are often asked about treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: What do you use? When do you use specific measures? Because the problems differ so widely from case to case, optimal management is problem-oriented. A pyramidal plan of therapy is set forth which may help in realistic planning. At the base of the pyramid are heat, exercise, rest, salicylates and education. Depending on the severity of disease and the response to the basic program, one may or may not move up the pyramid, using steroids, orthopedic devices, gold salts, hospitalization for intensive care, and surgery.
Der Ursprung der chemischen Affinität; eine magnetochemische Theorie

Ich glaube, zur Genuge gezeigt zu haben, das die Betrachtung der einfachen elektrostatischen Krafte nicht ausreicht, um die wesentlichen Zuge der chemischen Bindung zu erklaren. Bedarf es zum Schlus noch eines Beweises, so wollen wir das Ar-Atom mit der positiven Kernladung 18 und 18 Elektronen mit dem Kaliumatom vergleichen, das die Kernladung 19 und 19 Elektronen besitzt. Man sollte erwarten, das die Entfernung je eines Elektrons aus diesen beiden Atomen ungefahr gleich leicht erfolgen wurde. Tatsachlich finden wir aber die Ionisierungsspannung des K-Atoms zu 4 Volt, wahrend die Ionisierung des Ar-Atoms 15 Volt erfordert. Sogar noch groser ist der Unterschied zwischen He mit der Kernladung + 2 und 2 Elektronen und Li mit der Kernladung + 3 und 3 Elektronen; die Ionisierungsspannung betragt fur Li 5 Volt, fur He 25 Volt.
Impingement jet array heat transfer with small-scale cylinder target surface roughness arrays

Abstract The present investigation considers special small-scale roughness patterns on impingement target surfaces to increase surface heat transfer augmentation levels of impingement jet array cooling. Utilized are three different heights of cylinder small roughness elements, which are mounted on three different test surfaces. The cylinder-shaped roughness is small-scale because diameter is 7.5 percent and maximum height is 25 percent of impingement hole diameter. Associated results are compared with spatially-averaged Nusselt number ratio distributions measured on target surfaces with triangle small roughness, or rectangle small roughness. Data are obtained for impingement jet Reynolds numbers of 900, 1500, 5000, and 11,000. Nusselt number variations for the small cylinder roughness show different trends with streamwise development and changing roughness height, compared to target plates with small rectangle roughness and small triangle roughness. In general, this is because roughness elements which contain surface shapes with sharp edges generate increased magnitudes of vorticity with length scales of the order of the roughness element diameter. Such generation is not always present in an abundant fashion with the small cylinder roughness because of the smooth contours around each roughness element periphery. Such effects are illustrated by several data sets, including Nusselt numbers associated with the small cylinder roughness with a height of 0.250D at a turbulent Reynolds number of 11,000.
Pseudoelectrical alternans during supraventricular tachycardia

We present a case of pseudoelectrical alternans occurring during supraventricular tachycardia.
Voices of Migrants: Rural-Urban Migration in Costa Rica, by Paul Kutsche. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994

Voices of Migrants: Rural-Urban Migration in Costa Rica, by Paul Kutsche. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xii, 236 pp. Reviewed by James P. Stansbury, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky.
A 2.4-GHz, Sub-1-V, 2.8-dB NF, 475- $\mu$ W Dual-Path Noise and Nonlinearity Cancelling LNA for Ultra-Low-Power Radios

A 0.7-V, 2.4-GHz low-power LNA combines a 1:3 front-end balun with dual-path noise and nonlinearity cancellation for the improved noise performance at low powers. In traditional noise cancellation techniques, only the noise of the main path is cancelled, while the noise of the auxiliary path is reduced by using higher power. In the proposed design, the noise and nonlinearity of both the main and the auxiliary paths are mutually cancelled allowing for low-power operation. The 2.8-dB noise figure, −10.7 dBm third-order input intercept point LNA in a Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)’s 65-nm GP process consumes 475 $\mu \text{W}$ of power resulting in an figure of merit of 28.8 dB, which is 8.2 dB better than the state of the art.
Are Psychopaths More Likely to Intend to Start New Ventures

The examination of how anti-social cognitive processes impact entrepreneurship is still in the nascent stage. Previous research examining the direct relationship between anti-social cognitive proce...
Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships

Investigators have long recognized that adolescents’ peer experiences provide a crucial context for the acquisition of developmental competencies, as well as potential risks for a range of adjustment difficulties. However, recent years have seen an exponential increase in adolescents’ adoption of social media tools, fundamentally reshaping the landscape of adolescent peer interactions. Although research has begun to examine social media use among adolescents, researchers have lacked a unifying framework for understanding the impact of social media on adolescents’ peer experiences. This paper represents Part 1 of a two-part theoretical review, in which we offer a transformation framework to integrate interdisciplinary social media scholarship and guide future work on social media use and peer relations from a theory-driven perspective. We draw on prior conceptualizations of social media as a distinct interpersonal context and apply this understanding to adolescents’ peer experiences, outlining features of social media with particular relevance to adolescent peer relations. We argue that social media transforms adolescent peer relationships in five key ways: by changing the frequency or immediacy of experiences, amplifying experiences and demands, altering the qualitative nature of interactions, facilitating new opportunities for compensatory behaviors, and creating entirely novel behaviors. We offer an illustration of the transformation framework applied to adolescents’ dyadic friendship processes (i.e., experiences typically occurring between two individuals), reviewing existing evidence and offering theoretical implications. Overall, the transformation framework represents a departure from the prevailing approaches of prior peer relations work and a new model for understanding peer relations in the social media context.
Social Work in the Context of Health Care

A variety of legal issues relevant to social workers not infrequently arise in the health-care context. Social workers must be attuned to recordkeeping standards for utilization review and managed care, as well as proactively to manage risk. In the health-care context, such as in hospitals and nursing homes, social workers are often called upon by individuals and their families to assist them with decisionmaking. As members of the health-care team, it is critical that social workers understand patients’ rights under the law and the various options available to them. This chapter provides an overview of patient’s rights related to consent and refusal of treatment and various forms of advance directives.
Collaborative Assignments and Projects

The performing arts are inherently collaborative, but it is time to be didactic about the benefits of teamwork that we largely take for granted. Opportunities for students to work on diverse teams, learning collaboratively with students in other disciplines, or community partners, will only further enhance their learning. These case studies consider collaborative learning through practical performance experiences and innovative curriculum. Claire M. McDonald produced a new play festival at her institution and realized a strategy for creating multicultural collaboration that encouraged interdisciplinary creative processes. Angela Sweigart-Gallagher and Kristin Hunt examine their redesign and teaching of a performance practicum course with a focus on the ethical dimensions of student labor and the curricular framing of this experiential and collaborative project-based learning as a teaching strategy.
Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Viral Pathogens

Rapid and accurate detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) provides pathogen-specific diagnosis, allows implementation of appropriate infection control measures, and improves patient management. One diagnostic challenge is that respiratory infections, which can be caused by several viral pathogens including RSV, usually present with similar signs and symptoms that are nearly indistinguishable by clinical diagnosis. We have described in the chapter a rapid, high-throughput laboratory technique that can detect a panel of common viral pathogens in one single reaction. With the combination of target-enriched multiplexing PCR amplification and Luminex suspension array identification, 12 common respiratory viruses, including RSV A and B, influenza virus A and B, parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3, and 4, human metapneumovirus, rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, and SARS coronavirus, are detected and differentiated simultaneously within five hours.
The tumor dormant state.

Publisher Summary The chapter explains the tumor dormant state and compares it with situations that can mimic the tumor dormant state, such as the progressive growth of a slowly growing tumor and a second primary tumor arising during clinical remission. In the tumor dormant state, tumor cells persist in a host under growth restraint for prolonged periods. The recent research in animal models has revealed that dormancy can also occur when cells within the tumor population undergo rapid division and concurrent lysis. The chapter discusses four neoplasms in which tumor dormancy is common. This chapter is a review of tumor dormancy, and a wide variety of experimental and clinical observations has been assembled to illustrate the many ways by which tumor cells can persist for long periods in a clinically normal host. There is a very practical reason for making a diagnosis of tumor dormancy in man because the tumor burden during the tumor dormant state is usually small and already under growth restraint. This period should be an ideal time for therapy aimed at cure. It is important to remember that attempts to render dormant tumor cells susceptible to host cytolytic attack may adversely affect the growth-restraining mechanism. Clinical oncologists, in designing therapeutic regimens, must, therefore, be aware of the existence of the delicate balance between the dormant tumor cells and host restraint mechanisms. The chapter concludes that the great variety of mechanisms by which tumor dormant states are established and maintained in animal models suggests that tumor dormancy in man is a very complex phenomenon that will require the knowledge and technical expertise of many scientific disciplines for its understanding. Research from animal models should provide approaches to the design of therapeutic regimens to either prolong the tumor dormant state or destroy all dormant tumor cells.
Retinal Morphometric Markers of Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence Among Adults With Overweight and Obesity

Objective: To investigate the relationship between retinal morphometric measures and intellectual abilities among adults with overweight and obesity. Methods: Adults between 25 and 45 years (N = 55, 38 females) with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) underwent an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan to assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) volume, ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume, macular volume, and central foveal thickness. Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess whole-body adiposity (% Fat). The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 was used to assess general intelligence (IQ), fluid, and crystallized intelligence. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between adiposity and intelligence measures following adjustment of relevant demographic characteristics and degree of adiposity (i.e., % Fat). Results: Although initial bivariate correlations indicated that % Fat was inversely related to fluid intelligence, this relationship was mitigated by inclusion of other demographic factors, including age, sex, and education level. Regression analyses for primary outcomes revealed that RNFL was positively related to IQ and fluid intelligence. However, only GCL was positively related to crystallized intelligence. Conclusion: This work provides novel data linking specific retinal morphometric measures - assessed using OCT - to intellectual abilities among adults with overweight and obesity. Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02740439.
Cardiogenic Shock Beyond The Neonatal Period

Abstract Neonatal cardiac emergencies, as reviewed in this journal, are frequently ductal-dependent structural heart lesions. Although there is slight overlap (less so in older infants), cardiac emergencies outside the neonatal period typically result in shock as a common denominator rather than hypercyanosis. Aborted sudden cardiac death is usually an arrhythmia-related problem—as also reviewed in this journal—although there can be overlap between sudden cardiac death, arrhythmias, and shock. The goal of this review is to make the emergency care provider more aware in the cardiac causes of shock and to review the latest evaluation and management strategies as well as triage decisions and the timely involvement of the cardiology consultant.
The influence of labiolingual and mesiodistal anterior tooth dimensions on interarch relationships: A modified anterior Bolton analysis.

Introduction Tooth size and morphology of anterior teeth influence interarch relationships. The Bolton analysis uses tooth width to calculate a sum of mandibular to maxillary tooth width ratios necessary for proper occlusion. Several parameters not factored in the Bolton analysis influence occlusion, such as tooth thickness. This study sought to use 3D modeling to develop and assess a tooth size analysis that encompasses labioligual thickness as well as mesiodistal width of anterior teeth. Methods The role of tooth thickness in interarch relationships was studied using simulations in a 3D modeling software (Suresmile). To develop a new chart of interarch ratios based on tooth thickness, a series of simulations were produced with varying tooth thicknesses and widths. The new ratios were evaluated on records from 50 patients. Results Findings from the simulations suggest that the ideal tooth thickness remains approximately 2 mm if the overall tooth width of the dentition increases and the interarch anterior ratio is maintained. The thickness-adjusted anterior mandibular to maxillary tooth ratio ranges from 0.70-0.79 depending on the tooth thickness. This thickness-adjusted ratio provides a superior prediction for the sum of anterior tooth width compared with the Bolton analysis. Conclusion Tooth thickness affects interarch tooth width ratios and anterior occlusion. A thickness-adjusted ratio can be used to more accurately predict anterior tooth dimensions necessary to achieve proper occlusion.
Origination and Function of Plant Pseudogenes

Pseudogenes, nonfunctional genomic sequences derived from functional protein-coding genes, form by duplication or retrotransposition, and loss of gene function by disabling mutations. Studies on the evolution and functional aspects of plant pseudogenes are limited, despite their abundance in the plant genome. To date, most researches on pseudogenes focus on mammals. Here, we summarized current knowledge on pseudogenes including the historical and recent progress, analyzes their essential roles in gene regulation in hope of further stimulating researches in plant species for understanding gene regulation and evolution.
RiboStreamR: a web application for quality control, analysis, and visualization of Ribo-seq data

Ribo-seq is a popular technique for studying translation and its regulation. A Ribo-seq experiment produces a snap-shot of the location and abundance of actively translating ribosomes within a cell’s transcriptome. In practice, Ribo-seq data analysis can be sensitive to quality issues such as read length variation, low read periodicities, and contaminations with ribosomal and transfer RNA. Various software tools for data preprocessing, quality assessment, analysis, and visualization of Ribo-seq data have been developed. However, many of these tools require considerable practical knowledge of software applications, and often multiple different tools have to be used in combination with each other. We present riboStreamR, a comprehensive Ribo-seq quality control (QC) platform in the form of an R Shiny web application. RiboStreamR provides visualization and analysis tools for various Ribo-seq QC metrics, including read length distribution, read periodicity, and translational efficiency. Our platform is focused on providing a user-friendly experience, and includes various options for graphical customization, report generation, and anomaly detection within Ribo-seq datasets. RiboStreamR takes advantage of the vast resources provided by the R and Bioconductor environments, and utilizes the Shiny R package to ensure a high level of usability. Our goal is to develop a tool which facilitates in-depth quality assessment of Ribo-seq data by providing reference datasets and automatically highlighting quality issues and anomalies within datasets.
Busulfan-Induced Lung Injury in Pediatric Oncology Patients—Review of the Literature with an Illustrative Case

Background: Impaired lung function has been detected in up to 65% of all childhood cancer survivors. It is often caused by exposure to radiation therapy and various chemotherapeutics. The first cytotoxic drug ever identified as a causative agent of lung injury was busulfan, reported in the early 1960s. Signs and symptoms of busulfan lung are nonspecific and it is therefore difficult to differentiate the condition from pulmonary impairment caused by other pulmotoxic agents, infections, pulmonary metastases, graft-versus-host disease, or other noninfectious post-transplant complications involving the lungs. Methods: A case example is provided to illustrate the difficulties in management of busulfan-induced lung injury in children. A retrospective review of cases of busulfan-induced lung injury indexed in PubMed until March 2019 was performed. Inclusion criteria for articles was available in full text in English. Results: Impaired lung function caused by busulfan may become an increasing problem for young survivors. Conclusion: Newly developed dyspnea or subclinical damage detected on pulmonary function tests, indicating primarily restrictive disease, should always arouse suspicion of busulfan-induced lung injury in a child conditioned with busulfan, especially after excluding other leading culprits of pulmonary damage affecting oncology patients.
Exploring Ca-Ce-M-O (M = 3d Transition Metal) Oxide Perovskites for Solar Thermochemical Applications

Solar thermochemical (STC) processes hold promise as efficient ways to generate renewable fuels, fuel precursors, or chemical feedstocks using concentrated sunlight. Specifically, one actively rese...
Quantitative assessment of p16 expression in FNA specimens from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with HPV status.

Background This study investigated p16 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on cellblocks (CBs) and human papillomavirus (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess test performance in CBs compared with p16 IHC in 42 surgical specimens from patients with HNSCC and in correlation with HPV by PCR in cytology specimens. The study assessed HPV by PCR in FNA specimens as a substitute for p16 IHC in surgical specimens. Results Of 42 cases, 38 CBs showed malignant cells as cohesive clusters of viable cells with or without single tumor cells, whereas 4 specimens were composed exclusively of single tumor cells and degenerated cells. All p16-negative surgical specimens showed an absence of p16 staining in the corresponding CBs (n = 16). In the p16-positive surgical cases (n = 26), corresponding CBs with tumor clusters (n = 23) showed heterogeneous p16 expression ranging from 40% to 100%; however, scoring single cells was challenging and unreliable because of cellular degradation. ROC curve inspection showed the optimal threshold to be at least 40% p16 staining in tumor clusters with 100% sensitivity and specificity. In cases with inadequate CBs, HPV by PCR on needle rinse showed 88% sensitivity and 100% specificity for p16 expression in surgical specimens. Conclusions A cutoff of at least 40% p16 expression in tumor clusters may be appropriate for p16 positivity in cytology CB specimens. A positive HPV finding by PCR on needle rinse can be used as a substitute for p16 expression in surgical specimens.
Dietary Probiotics Alter Broiler Intestinal Permeability Parameters but not Performance

Since the Veterinary Feed Directive became effective in 2015, poultry producers have sought a replacement for antibiotics in commercial broiler diets to promote growth and gut health. A series of poultry feed additives including probiotics, prebiotics, yeast products, etc., have shown some success in improving growth performance of broilers. Two solid state fermentation DFM products from two different lactobacillus strains were fed at two inclusion levels (0.05 and 1%) to study the effects on weight gain, FCR, and ADG, and gut health parameters following feed restriction and FITC-dextran (FITC-d) gavage. Under our research conditions, certain dietary treatments decreased "gut leakage" as measured by FITC-d fluorescence in the serum, but performance paramaters were not significantly affected by dietary treatments.
A deep-learning semantic segmentation approach to fully automated MRI-based left-ventricular deformation analysis in cardiotoxicity.

Abstract Left-ventricular (LV) strain measurements with the Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) MRI sequence provide accurate estimates of cardiotoxicity damage related to breast cancer chemotherapy. This study investigated an automated LV chamber quantification tool via segmentation with a supervised deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) before strain analysis with DENSE images. Segmentation for chamber quantification analysis was conducted with a custom DeepLabV3+ DCNN with ResNet-50 backbone on 42 female breast cancer datasets (22 training-sets, eight validation-sets and 12 independent test-sets). Parameters such as LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and ejection fraction (LVEF) were quantified, and myocardial strains analyzed with the Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM). Myocardial classification was validated against ground-truth with sensitivity-specificity analysis, the metrics of Dice, average perpendicular distance (APD) and Hausdorff-distance. Following segmentation, validation was conducted with the Cronbach's Alpha (C-Alpha) intraclass correlation coefficient between LV chamber quantification results with DENSE and Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) acquisitions and a vendor tool-based method to segment the DENSE data, and similarly for myocardial strain analysis in the chambers. The results of myocardial classification from segmentation of the DENSE data were accuracy = 97%, Dice = 0.89 and APD = 2.4 mm in the test-set. The C-Alpha correlations from comparing chamber quantification results between the segmented DENSE and SSFP data and vendor tool-based method were 0.97 for LVEF (56 ± 7% vs 55 ± 7% vs 55 ± 6%, p = 0.6) and 0.77 for LVEDD (4.6 ± 0.4 cm vs 4.5 ± 0.3 cm vs 4.5 ± 0.3 cm, p = 0.8). The validation metrics against ground-truth and equivalent parameters obtained from the SSFP segmentation and vendor tool-based comparisons show that the DCNN approach is applicable for automated LV chamber quantification and subsequent strain analysis in cardiotoxicity.
An Intelligent Hybrid Scheme for Identification of Faults in Industrial Ball Screw Linear Motion Systems

Reliability of high precision linear motion system is one of the main concerns in industrial and military systems. The performance and repeatability of these systems are influenced by their respective linear drives and load bearings. A fault in these members severely affects the safe working of overall system. This paper gives a reliable intelligent approach to detect and classify faults for linear motion systems based on deep learning methods. Accuracy in faults identification is highly dependent on improved features extraction. For this purpose, a novel Residual Twin CNN (ResT-CNN) is proposed that uses combination of 1-D and 2-D CNN in parallel learning which improves features extraction performance; followed by knowledge base-Remnant-PCA (Kb-Rem-PCA) architecture in combination with multi-class support vector machine (Mc-SVM). This novel hybrid combination proved very effective in accurate faults identification. The performance of proposed methodology was also validated by IMS-UC (Intelligent Maintenance Systems – University of Cincinnati) public bearing dataset. The results confirm the effectiveness of proposed scheme in comparison to existing state of the art techniques.
Acute viral myositis complicated by rhabdomyolysis: a sole manifestation of COVID-19 infection

Dear Editor,Muscle injury is common in acute viral infections with influenza viruses and enteroviruses being the most commonly reported viruses. It can cause a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging fro...
Quantum measurement arrow of time and fluctuation relations for measuring spin of ultracold atoms.

The origin of macroscopic irreversibility from microscopically time-reversible dynamical laws—often called the arrow-of-time problem—is of fundamental interest in both science and philosophy. Experimentally probing such questions in quantum theory requires systems with near-perfect isolation from the environment and long coherence times. Ultracold atoms are uniquely suited to this task. We experimentally demonstrate a striking parallel between the statistical irreversibility of wavefunction collapse and the arrow of time problem in the weak measurement of the quantum spin of an atomic cloud. Our experiments include statistically rare events where the arrow of time is inferred backward; nevertheless we provide evidence for absolute irreversibility and a strictly positive average arrow of time for the measurement process, captured by a fluctuation theorem. We further demonstrate absolute irreversibility for measurements performed on a quantum many-body entangled wavefunction—a unique opportunity afforded by our platform—with implications for studying quantum many-body dynamics and quantum thermodynamics. Irreversibility in quantum measurements shares conceptual links with statistical and thermodynamical irreversibility. Here, the authors are able to operationally associate an "arrow of time” to quantum weak measurements, testing it experimentally on a cloud of ultracold atoms.
Anterolateral Thigh Fascia Lata Rescue Flap: A New Weapon in the Battle Against Osteoradionecrosis

OBJECTIVES To demonstrate that the anterolateral thigh fascia lata (ALTFL) rescue flap may be effectively used for management of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in selected patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case review. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent ALTFL free flap repair to various sites of ORN in the head and neck between 2011 and 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients with radiographic and clinical evidence of head and neck ORN who either failed previous hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy or with extensive disease, which was unlikely to respond to conservative management. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with average age of 63 years (40-78) who underwent 24 ALTFL free flap procedures were reviewed. ORN sites were the mandible (n = 16), palatomaxilla (n = 4), skull base and cervical spine (n = 3), and calvarium (n = 2). Recipient vessels used were superficial temporal (n = 11), common facial (n = 10), and angular (n = 3). Average hospital stay was 3.0 (1-10) days. Prior HBO therapy was performed in 13 (57%) patients. There were four major complications: flap failure, recurrent mandibular infection resolved with IV antibiotic course, mandibular fracture with malunion requiring occlusal adjustment, and unresolved sequelae of ORN requiring fibular free flap. There were four minor complications: thigh hematoma, thigh seroma, and intraoral scar formation causing trismus (n = 2). The procedure was successful in 22 of 23 (95.7%) patients with radiographic arrest of ORN, resolution of symptoms, and elimination of antibiotic requirements. CONCLUSION The ALTFL rescue flap merits strong consideration in ORN management and appears to prevent progression to more extensive disease, which would require full segmental bone resection and reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:2688-2693, 2021.