cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cd1-Restricted Nk T Cells Protect Nonobese Diabetic Mice from Developing Diabetes

NK T cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d. After activation, NK T cells promptly produce large amounts of cytokines, which may modulate the upcoming immune responses. Previous studies have documented an association between decreased numbers of NK T cells and the progression of some autoimmune diseases, suggesting that NK T cells may control the development of autoimmune diseases. To investigate the role of NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes, we crossed CD1 knockout (CD1KO) mutation onto the nonobese diabetic (NOD) genetic background. We found that male CD1KO NOD mice exhibited significantly higher incidence and earlier onset of diabetes compared with the heterozygous controls. The diabetic frequencies in female mice showed a similar pattern; however, the differences were less profound between female CD1KO and control mice. Early treatment of NOD mice with α-galactosylceramide, a potent NK T cell activator, reduced the severity of autoimmune diabetes in a CD1-dependent manner. Our results not only suggest a protective role of CD1-restricted NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes but also reveal a causative link between the deficiency of NK T cells and the induction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Pattern-Based Transformation Rules for Developing Interaction Models of Access Control Systems

This paper presents a set of transformation rules for transforming a non-secure interaction model to a secure interaction model using an access control pattern. The transformation rules resolve conflicts, uncertainties and type mismatches that may arise during pattern application. We demonstrate a case study using the Mandatory Access Control pattern and a defense messaging system in the military domain, and discuss about an analysis of the resulting model for pattern conformance.
Three-dimensional conformation of the injected bolus in vocal fold injections in a cadaver model.

Objective. To determine the 3-dimensional (3D) conformation of the injected bolus in the larynx in vocal fold injections, to understand how the bolus interacts spatially with elements of the laryngeal framework, and to relate the above to clinical observations in performing vocal fold injections.Study Design. Excised cadaveric larynx study.Setting. Laboratory.Subjects and Methods. Vocal folds of 12 human excised cadaveric larynges were injected with calcium hydroxylapatite. High-resolution computed tomography scans were obtained of the injected larynges. Densities corresponding to the injected bolus and the laryngeal framework were extracted and processed with MATLAB routines to generate selective 3D reconstructions of the injected bolus within the laryngeal framework. Histology analysis was also performed to correlate with observations from the 3D reconstructions.Results. Boluses injected into the lateral aspect of the thyroarytenoid muscle tended to be irregularly shaped, appeared to fill up the paraglo...
LLVM: a compilation framework for lifelong program analysis & transformation

We describe LLVM (low level virtual machine), a compiler framework designed to support transparent, lifelong program analysis and transformation for arbitrary programs, by providing high-level information to compiler transformations at compile-time, link-time, run-time, and in idle time between runs. LLVM defines a common, low-level code representation in static single assignment (SSA) form, with several novel features: a simple, language-independent type-system that exposes the primitives commonly used to implement high-level language features; an instruction for typed address arithmetic; and a simple mechanism that can be used to implement the exception handling features of high-level languages (and setjmp/longjmp in C) uniformly and efficiently. The LLVM compiler framework and code representation together provide a combination of key capabilities that are important for practical, lifelong analysis and transformation of programs. To our knowledge, no existing compilation approach provides all these capabilities. We describe the design of the LLVM representation and compiler framework, and evaluate the design in three ways: (a) the size and effectiveness of the representation, including the type information it provides; (b) compiler performance for several interprocedural problems; and (c) illustrative examples of the benefits LLVM provides for several challenging compiler problems.
A digitally-enhanced 2-0 ΔΣ ADC

Voltage supply scaling and wide signal bandwidth require that modern delta sigma (DeltaSigma) architectures surmount the low oversampling ratio (OSR) challenges with low- distortion design. An analog feedforward architecture (AFF) mitigates these issues by reducing the swing at the integrator outputs but requires an analog adder. A two-stage digitally enhanced 2-0 (DE2-0) architecture that employs digital addition and a FLASH ADC in the second stage is proposed. DE2-0 reaps the benefits of AFF, while eliminating the need for an analog adder and attaining a SNR of 63.5 dB at OSR of 10 for a 20 MHz input bandwidth, with 22.8% figure of merit (FOM) improvement over AFF.
Emerging national trends in the management and outcomes of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease

Background In this study, we sought to analyze emerging national trends in the treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease and associated outcomes. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried between 2001 and 2007. Patients diagnosed with lower extremity atherosclerosis were selected by using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes 440.20-440.24, resulting in an average of 307,000 annual hospitalizations. Within this group, we determined the annual number of lower extremity bypasses, endovascular interventions, and major and/or minor amputations (below-the- and/or above-the-knee amputation versus toe and/or foot amputation). Chi-square analysis was performed on discharge-weighted data to compare two periods (2001-2003 and 2004-2007) to determine changes in management and differences in outcome. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of amputation. Results Comparing the two periods, it was found that the average annual number of endovascular interventions increased by 78% (37,692 vs. 67,248, p 0.001), and open lower extremity bypasses decreased by 20% (68,326 vs. 54,348, p 0.001). Annually, the total number of interventions increased by 15% (106,018 vs. 121,596, p 0.001), whereas the number of total amputations (59,693 vs. 50,254, p 0.001), major amputations (39,543 vs. 31,043, p 0.001), and minor amputations (20,150 vs. 19,211, p 0.001) performed all significantly decreased. Diabetes was the leading predictor of amputation, especially those involving the toe and forefoot. After adjusting for age and comorbidities, African Americans were found to have a 2.4 times odds of amputation as compared with Caucasians, whereas those with Medicare or Medicaid had a 1.5 times odds as compared with those having private insurance or Health Maintenance Organization. Conclusions Between the periods examined, we observed that the treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease has evolved with increased use of lesser invasive endovascular techniques and fewer open lower extremity bypasses. These trends are associated with fewer major lower extremity amputations. Significant socioeconomic disparities persist in amputation rates, with racial minorities and those with Medicare or Medicaid having higher odds of amputation.
A content analysis of electronic cigarette manufacturer websites in China

Objective The goal of this study was to summarise the websites of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) manufacturers in China and describe how they market their products. Methods From March to April 2013, we used two search keywords ‘electronic cigarette’ ( Dian Zi Xiang Yan in Chinese) and ‘manufacturer’ ( Sheng Chan Chang Jia in Chinese) to search e-cigarette manufacturers in China on Alibaba, an internet-based e-commerce business that covers business-to-business online marketplaces, retail and payment platforms, shopping search engine and data-centric cloud computing services. A total of 18 websites of 12 e-cigarette manufacturers in China were analysed by using a coding guide which includes 14 marketing claims. Results Health-related benefits were claimed most frequently (89%), followed by the claims of no secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure (78%), and utility for smoking cessation (67%). A wide variety of flavours, celebrity endorsements and e-cigarettes specifically for women were presented. None of the websites had any age restriction on access, references to government regulation or lawsuits. Instruction on how to use e-cigarettes was on 17% of the websites. Conclusions Better regulation of e-cigarette marketing messages on manufacturers’ websites is needed in China. The frequent claims of health benefits, smoking cessation, strategies appealing to youth and women are concerning, especially targeting women. Regulators should prohibit marketing claims of health benefits, no SHS exposure and value for smoking cessation in China until health-related, quality and safety issues have been adequately addressed. To avoid e-cigarette use for initiation to nicotine addiction, messages targeting youth and women should be prohibited.
Preventing Voltage-dependent Gating of Anthrax Toxin Channels Using Engineered Disulfides

The channel-forming component of anthrax toxin, (PA(63))(7), is a heptameric water-soluble protein at neutral pH, but under acidic conditions it spontaneously inserts into lipid bilayers to form a 14-stranded beta-barrel ion-conducting channel. This channel plays a vital role in anthrax pathogenesis because it serves as a conduit for the membrane translocation of the two enzymatic components of anthrax toxin, lethal factor and edema factor. Anthrax channels open and close in response to changes in transmembrane voltage, a property shared by several other pore-forming toxins. We have discovered an unexpected phenomenon in cysteine-substituted channels that provides a window into this gating process: their normal voltage-dependent gating can be abolished by reaction with methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents or exposure to oxidizing conditions. Remarkably, this perturbation is seen with cysteines substituted at sites all along the approximately 100 A length of the channel's beta-barrel. In contrast, reaction with N-ethylmaleimide, a thiol-reactive compound that does not form a mixed disulfide, does not affect gating at any of the sites tested. These findings, coupled with our biochemical detection of dimers, have led us to conclude that MTS reagents are catalyzing the formation of intersubunit disulfide bonds that lock channels in a conducting state, and that voltage gating requires a conformational change that involves the entire beta-barrel.
Repaving the Road to Biomedical Innovation Through Academia

Biomedical innovation requires investigators to build on existing knowledge and achieve insights that are transformative. Innovation starts with incisive scientific discoveries, which are often made in academic research laboratories. Today, the financial model for supporting biomedical research in universities is threatened, and one victim is innovation. New models for public funding that support high-risk research in academia will spur innovation and ultimately advance clinical medicine.
The Record of the Roberts Court in Environmental Cases: Pro-Business or Pro-Government?

Drawing upon a preliminary analysis of the Roberts Court’s decisions in environmental cases prepared for a January 2009 Santa Clara Law Review symposium on “Big Business and the Roberts Court,” this essay assesses claims that the Roberts Court has shown itself to be particularly “pro-business” and hostile to environmental protection. A review of all eighteen environmental cases decided by the Roberts Court in its first four years finds little evidence of any “pro-business” inclination. Victories for business interests are balanced by losses. The Roberts Court’s environmental decisions may provide evidence for something else, however: a tendency to side with government agencies and state interests. While there is little evidence the Roberts Court is “pro-business” or “anti-environment,” there is some evidence to suggest it is “pro-government.”
Fibrinolytic therapy in the elderly: making sense of troubling new findings.

Do patients older than 75 years with acute MI benefit from fibrinolytic therapy? For now, we have to live with uncertainty.
Theory of Transition–Dipole Coupling in Dye-Sensitized Semiconductor Nanoparticles

A mathematical model is presented that accounts for the influence of dye–semiconductor electronic coupling on the optical absorption spectrum of a molecule adsorbed on the surface of a semiconductor nanoparticle. A quantum mechanical variational approach which treats the coupling of molecule and semiconductor transition dipoles permits the shifted and broadened absorption spectrum of the dye to be accounted for with a single adjustable parameter for coupling strength. The coupling strength is determined by the individual optical spectra of the separated molecule and semiconductor systems and by the relative orientation and distance of their transition dipoles in the dye–semiconductor system. We consider the role of coupling of the dye to semiconductor transitions involving surface states versus the conduction band and show that the former can result in the frequently observed spectral broadening of adsorbed dyes. The theory is applied to model the experimental absorption spectrum of retinoic acid and caro...
A transmission line wave height transducer

A simple but accurate wave transducer has been developed for measuring waves on inland and coastal waters, consisting of a tunnel diode oscillator, using an open transmission line to sense the water-level. The output signal is a pulse train with a period linearly proportional to the length of transmission line above the water surface.
Hexathiophenalenylium Cations: Syntheses, Structures, and Redox Chemistry

Preparations of two hexathiophenalenylium compounds as stable salts from the reaction of 3,4,6,7-tetrathio-9-hydroxyphenalenone with Lawesson’s reagent have been reported. The presence of three disulfide linkages on the periphery of the core phenalenyl unit is confirmed by X-ray crystallographic characterizations. Electrochemical cell potentials are lower than those of related dithio- and tetrathio-bridged phenalenyl radicals, and the hexathiophenalenyl radical shows a strong electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal in the solid state.
The influence of age and fasting on serum hormones in the lean and obese-Zucker rat.

SummaryGenetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa) and their nonobese littermates (Fa/?) were studied during the active phase of obesity onset to characterize serum levels of immunoreactive growth hormone, prolac-tin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and corti-costerone. The effect of fasting on serum hormone levels in lean and obese rats was also investigated. Fasting reduced insulin levels in both lean and obese rats but the fasted levels in the obese rat were still 9 to 10 times higher than the lean littermates. Growth hormone levels were lower in the obese and were reduced by fasting. In the lean rat serum growth-hormone levels increased with age (25 to 480 ng/ml); however, the obese rat showed only marginal increases (25 to 65 ng/ml) during the same period. Corticosterone levels decreased with age and were higher in the obese rat at 11 weeks of age only. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increased with age and was lower in the obese rat at 9 weeks of age. During 5 and 7 weeks of age, serum prolactin was decreased in...
Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are a fatal consequence of trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate ALI and ARDS using ultrasonography. Material and Methods: Forty-one patients with dyspnea were divided into ALI(n=16) and ARDS (n=25) groups according to the ratio of arterial partial pressure to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2). Their lungs were evaluated by transthoracic sonography over 12 regions on chest wall, and the findings were compared with that of 50 normal controls. Results: Sonographic findings included comet-tail sign, consolidation and pleural effusion involved ≤ 5 regions in 14/16 of ALI, and ≥ 6 regions in 18/25 ARDS. Half of the patients(10/20) with abnormal regions ≥ 6 lung regions survived the trauma, while 19 out of 21 patients with abnormal regions ≤ 5 survived. An isolated comet-tail sign at the last lateral intercostal space was detected in the control group. Conclusion: Ultrasonography was able to observe the pathologic change in lungs therefore of value in the evaluation of lung injury and in the prognosis in patients with ALI/ARDS.
Advances In The Parallelization Of Music And Audio Applications.

Multi-core processors are now common but musical and audio applications that take advantage of multiple cores are rare. The most popular music software programming environments are sequential in character and provide only a modicum of support for the efficiencies to be gained from parallelization. We provide a brief summary of existing facilities in the most popular languages and provide examples of parallel implementations of some key algorithms in computer music such as partitioned convolution and non-negative matrix factorization NMF. We follow with a brief description of the SEJITS approach to providing support between the productivity layer languages used by musicians and related domain experts and efficient parallel implementations. We also consider the importance of I/O in computer architectures for music and audio application. We lament the fact that current GPU architectures as delivered in desk and laptop processors are not properly harnessed for low-latency real-time audio applications.
Embodied resocialization at a children’s weight loss camp:

This paper examines the content and processes of embodied resocialization that occur at a children’s weight loss camp. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data, I provide the children’s accounts ...
Using Audience Response Systems to Develop Critical Thinking Skills

This chapter describes an approach that integrates audience response systems into the social science classroom. The pedagogy uses the technology to produce active and engaged participation, encouraging the development of students’ critical analysis skills, and facilitating high-level discussion within the classroom setting. The authors present their use of multiple audience response systems, along with the results they have observed, with a view to showcasing a variety of ways in which instructors at institutions of higher education might utilize these systems in their classes.
Assistive technology use by Kentucky students with visual impairments.

Assistive technology (AT) helps make the curriculum accessible to students with visual impairments. Studies have shown that half of these students are using assistive technologies. The purpose of this study was to seek a better understanding of the various factors related to assistive technology use by students with visual impairments in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Through the use of the online survey provider, Survey Monkey™, an invitation to participate in the Assistive Technology Use by Students with Visual Impairments (ATSVI) survey was sent to a list of all TVIs teaching in Kentucky. Of 117 invited participants, 71% responded and 62% of the questionnaires met the criteria of inclusion. Demographic data were gathered on the TVIs, including years of experience, degrees obtained, caseload size, size and type of employing district (residential or non-residential) and the extent and areas of AT training. Teachers also provided data about their student AT use, including the extent of low and high-tech use according to the student's primary learning media. Additionally, TVIs provided AT funding source data. Significant correlation was not found between the size of employing district, years of teaching experience, level of education, specific areas of AT training and the extent of assistive technology use. Significant negative correlation was found between TVI caseload size and the extent of AT use. Significant positive correlation was found between the amount of overall AT training and the extent of AT use. Several conclusions were made from the study's results. To increase assistive technology use by students with visual impairments, 1) TVIs should be encouraged to seek more AT training and AT providers should consider developing more on-line training, 2) training should be developed in specific AT areas according to TVIs surveyed needs, 3) TVI caseload sizes need to be smaller, and 4) TVIs need to be familiar with the large array of funding sources available for AT.
Innovation and imitation: substitutes or complements?

ABSTRACTMost of the research on imitation and innovation has focused on developed countries and examined whether imitation promotes or hinders innovation at the macro, industry and intra firm level, and the effect that this has on economic growth. Less research has been conducted about the dynamics that exist between innovation and imitation at the plant-level in developing countries, and the effect that trade policy has on this relationship. This article uses plant-level data from Mexico to analyse the dynamic relationship that exists between innovation and imitation at the microeconomic level. The empirical results suggest that in the context of a developing country, innovation and imitation complement each other and trade policy has no effect on this relationship.
The simulation of concurrent iterative reconstruction algorithms for single photon emission computed tomography

Iterative reconstruction algorithms for emission computed tomography potentially offer significantly improved qualitative and quantitative images when compared to those generated by the analytic methods commonly used today, however, iterative techniques require extensive computational resources for use in clinical environments. The authors have developed a new class of iterative reconstruction algorithms designed such that they can be executed concurrently with the acquisition of emission projection data. This feature can dramatically reduce the number of post-acquisition iterations required to reconstruct a complete set of projection data. An important aspect of these algorithms is the method used to select which projections are processed during each concurrent iteration. The method used to partition projections into subsets impacts, among other issues, the convergence rate, stability and spatial resolution of the concurrent algorithms. Via simulations of concurrent SPECT reconstruction, the authors have demonstrated the feasibility of the technique using two projection subset construction methods (independent and sequential subsets). Their preliminary results indicate that both subset construction methods can be used to shorten the post-acquisition reconstruction time, although sequential subsets are generally more efficient. The authors also observe that if SPECT projections are acquired over a period of T seconds, the post-acquisition reconstruction time can be reduced by at least (1/3)T seconds. >
Research trends in mothers' health information seeking behaviors: a review of the literature

This study aims to identify and examine research trends relating to mothers' health information seeking behaviors from 1994 to August 2015. Eighty-seven articles from multiple disciplines were selected systematically and reviewed in diverse aspects: characteristics of the articles, use of theories, information sources, and seeking strategies. This research topic has been given numerous attention since 1994. In particular, the number of publications skyrocketed since 2013. Twenty-two different theories and models have been utilized in examining mothers' health information seeking behaviors. Furthermore, four seeking strategies of mothers were recognized as asking questions, utilizing multiple sources, borrowing medical literature from libraries, and sharing experiences with friends. Implications for future research in this topic are discussed.
A prototype implementation of an embedded simulation system for the study of large scale ice sheets

Understanding the impact of global climate change on the world's ecosystem is critical to society at large and represents a significant challenge to researchers in the climate community. One important piece of the climate puzzle is how the dynamics of large-scale ice sheets, such as those covering Greenland and Antarctica, will respond to a warming climate. Relatively recently, glaciologists have identified ice streams, which are corridors of ice that are flowing at a much higher rate than the surrounding ice, as being crucial to the overall dynamics and stability of the entire ice sheet. However, ice stream dynamics, and their impact on the entire ice sheet, are far from understood. It is thus critical to develop simulation models through which these important issues can be studied. In this paper, we present one novel approach to developing such simulation capabilities through the use of embedded simulation.
Fortifying the Rights of Unauthorized Immigrant Workers: Why Employee-Focused Incentives Under the NLRA Would Help End the Cycle of Labor Rights Abuse

Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Business Organizations Law Commons, Civil Procedure Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Contracts Commons, Courts Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Immigration Law Commons, International Humanitarian Law Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, Legal Remedies Commons, Litigation Commons, Organizations Law Commons, Supreme Court of the United States Commons, Torts Commons, and the Workers' Compensation Law Commons
Low Risk of Producing an Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care by Prescribing Opioids to Prescreened Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain

Objective To examine the risk of developing aberrant behaviors that might lead to a substance use disorder (addiction) when prescribing opioids for the relief of chronic noncancer pain in primary care settings. Design Longitudinal, prospective, descriptive design with repeated measures. Setting Private community-based internal medicine and family medicine clinics. Subjects Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods Standardized measures of patient status (pain, functional impairment, psychiatric disorders, family history) and treatments provided, urine drug monitoring, and medical chart audits (presence of aberrant drug-related behaviors) were obtained in a cohort of 180 patients at the time of initiating opioids for chronic noncancer pain and at three, six, and 12 months thereafter. Results Over the 12-month follow-up period, subjects demonstrated stable, mild to moderate levels of depression (PHQ-9 scores ranging from 9.43 to 10.92), mild anxiety (BAI scores ranging from 11.80 to 14.67), minimal aberrant drug-related behaviors as assessed by chart reviews, and a low percentage of illicit drug use as revealed by results of urine drug monitoring. Less than 5% of our study population revealed any evidence of substance use disorder. Conclusions This prospective study suggests that patients without a recent or prior history of substance use disorder who were prescribed primarily short-acting opioids in low doses for chronic noncancer pain have a low risk for developing a substance use disorder. This finding supports the importance of prescreening patients being considered for opioid therapy and that prescription of opioids for noncancer pain may carry a lower risk of abuse in selected populations such as in private, community-based practices.
MS in Adolescence

Multiple sclerosis with onset under the age of 18 overwhelmingly occurs in adolescent females, suggesting a critical role for the pubertal period in the risk of multiple sclerosis. Premenarcheal onset of MS is uncommon and occurs in approximately 20 % of patients. The timing of exposure to several risk factors including obesity, Epstein-Barr virus, and hypovitaminosis D during the adolescent years additionally reinforces the importance of this period in MS disease pathogenesis. Since increased body mass index, the release of leptin is required for menarche to occur, and these have been implicated as risk factors for MS; the interaction of obesity and puberty is a topic of interest. Onset of menarche is associated with an increased risk of MS in girls with an acute demyelinating syndrome, and MS relapses have been suggested to increase after menarche, further suggesting that this is a period of increased immune activation. Physical activity, mindfulness counseling, and attention to physical and psychological development should be part of the care of adolescents with MS. The management of adolescent females with MS should take into account the potential for sexual activity. Active birth control counseling should be part of routine MS care, particularly given the potentially deleterious effects of MS disease-modifying treatments in pregnancy. Monitoring of growth, sexual development, and fertility outcomes should be included with disease-modifying treatment use and in all therapeutic clinical trials in children and adolescents.
A convolution inequality for entropy over Z 2

We prove an inequality for the entropy of a sum of two independent random variables taking values in the group Z2. Our inequality is very simply stated, and may be interpreted as a lower bound on the capacity of a cascade of two BSC channels in terms of the capacities of the component BSC channels. The inequality provides an upper bound on the entropy of a sum of two Z 2 -valued random variables, and thus it may also be thought of as a reverse entropy power inequality. One of the intriguing features of this inequality is that it only holds if entropy is measured in bits; i.e., the base with respect to which logarithms are taken matters crucially.
A Regime-Based Evaluation of TRMM Oceanic Precipitation Biases

AbstractOver the tropical oceans, large discrepancies in TRMM passive and active microwave rainfall retrievals become apparent during El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This manuscript describes the application of defined precipitation regimes to aid the validation of instantaneous rain rates from TRMM using the S-band radar located on the Kwajalein Atoll. Through the evaluation of multiple case studies, biases in rain-rate estimates from the TRMM radar (PR) and radiometer (TMI) are best explained when derived as a function of precipitation organization (e.g., isolated vs organized) and precipitation type (convective vs stratiform). When examining biases at a 1° × 1° scale, large underestimates in both TMI and PR rain rates are associated with predominately convective events in deep isolated regimes, where TMI and PR retrievals are underestimated by 37.8% and 23.4%, respectively. Further, a positive bias of 33.4% is observed in TMI rain rates within organized convective systems containing large s...
Invented Difference: On Inter-Culturality in Mouraria’s Mercado de Fusão

In this article, I study the development of Mouraria’s Mercado de Fusao in the context of what I term "Invented Difference"—a marketing strategy that capitalizes on a utopist multiculturalism that lacks historicity and continuity—as a means by which to unpack how twenty-first-century multicultural space is produced in Lisbon, a rapidly changing city with a booming tourist economy. Through this lens, I analyze the market’s visual and material landscape—specifically its sculptures and food kiosks—to bring together questions regarding the mobilization of multiculturalism in urban redevelopment while taking into consideration the legacy of race relations in Portugal’s neoliberal present. I assert that the Mercado de Fusao project speaks to the broader ideological implications of tourist-centric development initiatives in Lisbon.
The American Civil War and the Birth of American Neurology (P5.312)

Objective: Investigate the influence of the American Civil War on the development of American neurology Background: NA Design/Methods: NA Results: The year 1861 marked a turning point in the history of neurology in the United States. The same year that Jean-Martin Charcot was appointed Chief of Service at La Salpetriere, the onset of the American Civil War would become the singular event to usher American neurology into the modern age. Technological advances in weaponry and antiquated military tactics of the American Civil War resulted in unprecedented numbers of casualties and a subsequent and unique demand for care of neurological injuries. Prior to 1861, clinical neurology within the United States existed almost entirely within the scope of general internal medicine. This changed during the American Civil War. Two physicians, Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell and Dr. William Alexander Hammond, led by their shared interest in neurological diseases, would each play critical roles in this transformation. William Hammond, in his short time as Surgeon General of the US Army (1862 – 1863), would modernize the Union Army Medical Corps and support the creation of the Turner’s Lane Military Hospital in Philadelphia; considered the first neurological research center in the United States. Silas Weir Mitchell, working as a civilian physician at Christian Street Hospital and later Turner’s Lane Military Hospital, would focus his clinical research efforts on neurological diseases and would publish early descriptions of Horner Syndrome, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, and Phantom Limb Syndrome. The monumental influence of each man on American neurology would extend well beyond the close of the war in 1865 and would help lead to the creation of the modern Neurology specialty that we know today. Conclusions: The year 1861, and the extraordinary circumstances of the American Civil War which followed, heralded the birth of modern American neurology. Study Supported by: NA Disclosure: Dr. Rewinkel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lutsep has nothing to disclose.
Predictors of Failure of Medical Management in Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection

Background Optimal medical therapy (OMT) for uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (uTBAD) provides excellent short-term outcomes but is associated with a high incidence of failure. This study identified predictors of aortic intervention and mortality in uTBAD patients undergoing OMT. Methods A retrospective review of the Emory University School of Medicine aortic database identified 314 uTBAD patients undergoing OMT from 2000 to 2016. Two hundred sixty-three (84%) patients had imaging at presentation analyzed for maximum aortic diameters (ADs), false lumen (FL) status, and visceral vessel perfusion. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and identify predictors of OMT failure. Results The mean age of patients was 58 ± 12 years, and 67% were men. FL status was patent in 59.4%, partially thrombosed in 39.8%, and completely thrombosed in 0.8% of patients. Over a median follow-up of 5.6 (interquartile range, 1.4 to 8.5) years, 44.9% of patients failed OMT and underwent intervention (n = 58 open, n = 83 endovascular). The estimated incidence of OMT failure was 46%. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of diabetes, renal failure, DeBakey 3B dissection, and a descending thoracic AD of 4.5 cm or greater (HR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.56; p Conclusions There is a significant incidence of OMT failure in uTBAD patients. A descending thoracic AD of 4.5 cm or greater at the time of diagnosis is an independent predictor of failure of OMT.
Driver Vigilance in Automated Vehicles: Effects of Demands on Hazard Detection Performance.

Objective:The current study investigated driver vigilance in partially automated vehicles to determine whether increased task demands reduce a driver’s ability to monitor for automation failures an...
INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM’S COLLECTIVE NARRATIVE OF TRUMP IN BUSINESS

This article explores the collective journalistic narrative of Donald Trump’s business career. While Trump’s presentation of self as a successful businessman and celebrity was his primary rationale for his presidential candidacy, these investigative reporters paint a negative portrait of his conduct. Two years into the Trump administration, it is mired by a remarkable series of financial and other scandals, resulting in the forced resignations of top officials and increasing criticism of others. The emerging narrative is that the administration has attracted the type of individual drawn to a culture of corruption, which is in turn seen as emanating from the business culture embraced by Trump and his family.
Leadership of Knowledge Diffusion in Organizations: A Network Analysis

This paper uses network analysis methodology to explore the effects of vision and interdependency on or knowledge diffusion. The goal is to better understand how leadership can foster the evolution...
Dog Sit! Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) Follow a Robot's Sit Commands

As personal social robots become more prevalent, the need for the designs of these systems to explicitly consider pets become more apparent. However, it is not known whether dogs would interact with a social robot. In two experiments, we investigate whether dogs respond to a social robot after the robot called their names, and whether dogs follow the 'sit' commands given by the robot. We conducted a between-subjects study (n = 34) to compare dogs' reactions to a social robot with a loudspeaker. Results indicate that dogs gazed at the robot more often after the robot called their names than after the loudspeaker called their names. Dogs followed the 'sit' commands more often given by the robot than given by the loudspeaker. The contribution of this study is that it is the first study to provide preliminary evidence that 1) dogs showed positive behaviors to social robots and that 2) social robots could influence dog's behaviors. This study enhance the understanding of the nature of the social interactions between humans and social robots from the evolutionary approach. Possible explanations for the observed behavior might point toward dogs perceiving robots as agents, the embodiment of the robot creating pressure for socialized responses, or the multimodal (i.e., verbal and visual) cues provided by the robot being more attractive than our control condition.
Transient receptor potential ion channel TRPM2 promotes AML proliferation and survival through modulation of mitochondrial function, ROS, and autophagy

Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) ion channel has an essential function in maintaining cell survival following oxidant injury. Here, we show that TRPM2 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The role of TRPM2 in AML was studied following depletion with CRISPR/Cas9 technology in U937 cells. In in vitro experiments and in xenografts, depletion of TRPM2 in AML inhibited leukemia proliferation, and doxorubicin sensitivity was increased. Mitochondrial function including oxygen consumption rate and ATP production was reduced, impairing cellular bioenergetics. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium uptake were significantly decreased in depleted cells. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly increased, and Nrf2 was decreased, reducing the antioxidant response. In TRPM2-depleted cells, ULK1, Atg7, and Atg5 protein levels were decreased, leading to autophagy inhibition. Consistently, ATF4 and CREB, two master transcription factors for autophagosome biogenesis, were reduced in TRPM2-depleted cells. In addition, Atg13 and FIP200, which are known to stabilize ULK1 protein, were decreased. Reconstitution with TRPM2 fully restored proliferation, viability, and autophagy; ATF4 and CREB fully restored proliferation and viability but only partially restored autophagy. TRPM2 expression reduced the elevated ROS found in depleted cells. These data show that TRPM2 has an important role in AML proliferation and survival through regulation of key transcription factors and target genes involved in mitochondrial function, bioenergetics, the antioxidant response, and autophagy. Targeting TRPM2 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit myeloid leukemia growth and enhance susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents through multiple pathways.
Condensing parent training: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy of a briefer, more intensive version of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT).

Objective The current study examined the comparative efficacy of a more intensive version of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT; 5 days/week over 2 weeks) versus a time-limited weekly PCIT format (1 day/week over 10 weeks) in treating early childhood externalizing behavior problems. Method Using a randomized trial design, 60 young children (mean age [Mage] = 4.33 years; 65% male; 85% Latinx) with clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems and their parents were assigned to either I-PCIT (n = 30) or time-limited PCIT (n = 30). Families completed pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments 6-9 months following treatment completion. Parents completed measures of child behavior, discipline practices, and parenting stress. Observational data on child behavior and parenting were also collected. Results Noninferiority and multivariate repeated-measures analyses indicated comparable improvements across 6 out of 7 observed and parent-reported outcomes, including parenting skills, discipline practices, and child externalizing behavior problems at posttreatment. Comparable treatment gains remained at follow-up, with the caveat that parents in time-limited PCIT reported lower externalizing behavior problems compared with I-PCIT, although both groups were still significantly better compared with pretreatment. Lastly, moderation analyses indicated that parents experiencing high levels of stress benefited more from I-PCIT in terms of decreasing child externalizing behavior compared with time-limited PCIT. Conclusions I-PCIT appears to be a viable treatment option for families, especially those experiencing high levels of stress, in terms of targeting early externalizing behavior problems within a short period of time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis that spontaneously resolved: a case of EBV.

A 23-year-old Caucasian woman, presented with recurrent fevers, elevated liver function tests and pancytopenia. Her labs at presentation were white blood cells 1.5 ×109/L, haemoglobin 8 g/L, platelets 59 k/mcl, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) over 2000 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 593 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 1321 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 223 U/L and ferritin 7665 µg/L. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgM and IgG antibodies were positive in serum. A soluble interleukin 2 receptor was elevated at 2458. A bone marrow biopsy revealed scattered macrophages containing erythrocytes and other cellular elements. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 highlighted macrophages with erythrophagocytosis and in situ hybridisation was positive for EBV. She met the diagnostic criteria for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). She was initially treated with broad spectrum antibiotics which were eventually discontinued once the diagnosis was established. Over a period of 2–3 weeks her fever, transaminitis, ferritin and LDH improved spontaneously. She continued to improve clinically and was subsequently discharged. HLH is an aggressive, life-threatening hyper-inflammatory syndrome which, if not promptly recognised and treated, can be fatal. Treatment involves etoposide-based chemotherapy and possible stem-cell transplantation. This patient showed signs of improvement spontaneously and a decision was made to not treat her. This was a rare case of EBV-associated HLH which resolved spontaneously without any intervention. This young patient was not subjected to unnecessary chemotherapy. So far only few cases of spontaneous resolution of EBV-associated HLH have been reported.
Becoming the other: examining race, gender, and sexuality in Detroit: Become Human

Although the popular choose-your-own-adventure video game Detroit: Become Human is fictional and set in a futuristic time involving humanoid androids, its characters face issues of race, gender, an...
The All Events Tests in an Era of Self-Regulation

Accrual-method taxpayers must use the all events tests to account for rights and liabilities under contracts for sales of goods and services. These longstanding tests evolved from transactions that involved relatively straightforward exchanges of goods or services for payments, and the tests currently reflect an expectation that a taxpayer will usually make an accrual when a seller’s performance fixes the contracting parties’ respective right to and liability for payment. Business practices have changed such that many sales now occur in relationships where contracting parties assume, monitor, and enforce process-related obligations, including adoptions of codes of conduct by members of global supply chains. This Article explains how these efforts to self-regulate transactions complicate applications of the all events tests because the expectations of performance and consequences of noncompliance for credence attributes of goods or services have uncertain effects on the “fixed” nature of payment obligations. In order to avoid these complications, the Article proposes that the all events tests should recognize an implied requirement of acceptance. Under this proposal, a buyer’s acceptance of goods or services, rather than the seller’s performance, would establish a fixed payment obligation and respect the parties’ efforts to regulate aspects of the sale transaction beyond the mere conveyance of the goods or services.
High-Molecular-Weight Protein Blotting Using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Very-high-molecular-weight proteins larger than 200 kDa are hard to separate electrophoretically using polyacrylamide gels. Transfer of such proteins during western blotting is normally incomplete. Marion L. Greaser and Chad M. Warren developed a vertical SDS agarose gel system that has greatly enhanced the resolving power for very large proteins. They used this system to completely transfer proteins as large as titin (molecular weight of 3000–3700 kDa) to membranes. By adding a sulfhydryl-reducing agent in the upper reservoir buffer and transfer buffer, the authors noticeably improved the blotting of large proteins.
Corrections to “Sparse-Group Lasso for Graph Learning From Multi-Attribute Data”

We correct errors in step 6 of Algorithm 1 given in the paper ‘`Sparse-Group Lasso for Graph Learning from Multi-Attribute Data.’' Other parts of the paper including numerical results are unchanged as the algorithm was implemented correctly.
Deliberative Forums to Bolster Tribal Self-Determination.

In “Extending Research Protections to Tribal Communities,” Saunkeah et al. (2021) derive group-based protections of sovereignty and solidarity from the Belmont Report’s value of respect for persons...
CICLOS E INICIAÇÕES - CAMINHOS DA INFÂNCIA EM "OS DA MINHA RUA", DE ONDJAKI

A infância sempre foi um espaco de investigacao para a literatura, onde, atraves de um processo artistico de investigacao da memoria, o autor reconstroi a infância, aderindo a esta uma completude e linearidade aos quais a memoria nao se subjuga. Em Os Da Minha Rua, do escritor angolano Ondjaki, a infância e encarada de forma diferente pelas seguintes razoes: a fluencia e fluidez entre a voz adulta e a voz da crianca, a quebra das historias em momentos isolados, e a aparente omissao de um amadurecimento ou transformacao que caracterize-a como historia de iniciacao. Trata-se de uma nova maneira de encarar e descrever a infância na literatura, maneira que e analisada e estudada neste trabalho. Ao narrar historias de sua infância em diversos contos aparentemente desconexos, mas que ao fim se unem na formacao de uma nocao e sensacao de infância, Ondjaki apresenta um olhar para a infância diferente do que outros classicos livros do genero.