cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase transitional studies of polycrystalline Pb0.4Sr0.6TiO3 films using Raman scattering

Pb0.4Sr0.6TiO3 films with submicron size grains have been prepared on Pt substrates by the metalorganic decomposition method. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the films are polycrystalline with a perovskite crystal structure and negligible tetragonal splitting at room temperature. The room temperature Raman spectrum, however, shows all the characteristic phonon modes of a tetragonal ferroelectric phase. These modes lose their intensity with an increase in temperature but persist even up to 150 °C. This is in agreement with the dielectric permittivity versus temperature data which show a broad peak–room temperature, and ferroelectric hysteresis persisting up to ∼140 °C. Both Raman and dielectric data are interpreted as due to the presence of a distribution of phases in the film perhaps caused by a variation in Pb content along the film thickness and/or near grain boundary regions.
Habitat utilization and diel behavior of juvenile bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) at the onset of winter

— Underwater observations were used to describe habitat use and diel behavior of juvenile bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) at the onset of winter (0.8°C) in a second-order central Idaho stream. All fish observed during daytime counts were concealed beneath “home stones” (mean dimensions 32.3 by 21.9 cm) in primarily pool and run habitats. Focal point depths and velocities averaged 57.2 cm and 4.7 cm/s (home stone removed). Fish maintained stations over substrate with low percentages of fine (< 2 mm, mean= 5.2%) sediment. Concealed bull trout were not evenly distributed across the stream channel. Significantly more home stones were distributed near the midline of the channel, compared to the channel margins. Fish size was positively correlated with home stone size. At night, bull trout exhibited a diel behavioral shift, some fish moved out of daytime concealment cover into the water column. At night, bull trout were observed feeding and resting, primarily in pool and run habitats. During both day and night, bull trout used riffles significantly less frequently than those habitats were available.
Total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease

Currently, there is little information available on the results of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in patients with Parkinson's disease. The purpose of the current study was to determine the results, risk factors for an unsatisfactory outcome, and rates of failure of TSA in patients with Parkinson's disease. Between 1978 and 2005, 49 total shoulder arthroplasties were performed in patients with Parkinson's disease for osteoarthritis of the shoulder. Forty-three shoulders (36 patients) were followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 8 years) or until the time of revision surgery. Total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease was associated with significant improvement in pain from 4.6 to 1.8 (P .05). Eight shoulders underwent revision arthroplasty. Three of the 8 revisions were performed less than 1 year from the time of surgery due to instability. Total shoulder arthroplasty is associated with significant long-term improvement in pain, external rotation, and abduction in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, early postoperative instability appears to be higher in this patient population. The results of TSA in our patients with Parkinson's disease were marginal, with 20 (47%) achieving unsatisfactory results.
Sediment organic carbon distribution in 4 small northern Missouri impoundments: implications for sampling and carbon sequestration

Four small impoundments (5–25 ha) in the Glacial Plains of the Midwestern USA were intensively sampled to determine the concentration and spatial distribution of sediment organic carbon (OC; 31–40 cores per reservoir, averaging 2.7 samples per hectare). Burial rates for sediment OC varied from 183 to 279 g OC m -2 a -1 over the lifetime of these reservoirs (about 50 years). Organic carbon averaged 39.4 mg per gram dry sediment (n = 137) and mean values varied from 20.3 to 54.8 mg OC per gram dry sediment among the reservoirs; these concentrations are within the mid-range of values reported from other lakes and reservoirs. Spatial distribution of OC generally showed an increase from the inflow to the dam and in some cases lateral gradients that varied by a factor of 2. Based on simple random sampling, 10 core samples provide relative precision of around 25% and equate to a mean of 0.8 samples per hectare. This analysis of sampling effort will be useful for global up-scaling of carbon sequestration in small impoundments.
Composing for an ensemble of atoms: the metamorphosis of scientific experiment into music

In quantum mechanics a particle can behave like a particle or a wave. Thus, systems of particles can be likened to a superposition of waves. Since sound can be described as a superposition of frequencies, it can also be described in terms of a system of particles manifest as waves. This metaphor between ‘particle physics’ and sound synthesis is quantitatively developed here, suggested initially from some similarities between the two domains. It is applied to a few fundamental physical principles to show how these can be sonified. The author discusses the process of using a simulated ‘atom trap’ to compose a piece that does not require a physicist to appreciate it. This metaphor blurs the distinctions between science and art, where scientific experiment becomes musical composition, and exploring a musical idea involves playing with particle system dynamics. In the future, methods like these could be used with a real system of particles – the particle accelerator will become an expressive musical instrument, and the particle physicist will become the composerscientist.
Barium and High Explosives in a Semiarid Alluvial System, Cañon de Valle, New Mexico

Concentrations and distributions of Ba, a component of the high explosive baritol, and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), a high explosive, were evaluated from 1996 to 2002 within a semiarid alluvial system in Canon de Valle, New Mexico. A high explosive machining facility discharged effluent containing these chemicals to the canyon from 1951 to 1996. The connectivity between alluvial groundwater, surface water, and sediment was specifically addressed to understand the distributions and dynamics of Ba and RDX in the alluvial system. Surface water, groundwater, and sediment were characterized by conducting hydrologic measurements, geomorphic mapping, and collecting samples. Barium and RDX in sediment preferentially reside in fine-grained deposits that represent the suspended load redeposited on floodplains following channel scour. However, RDX and Ba show markedly different behaviors in surface water and alluvial groundwater because of contrasting geochemical characteristics and transport mechanisms. Barium precipitates in sediments as barite and witherite and readily sorbs to sediment minerals. Therefore, sediment transport is an important control on its distribution in the canyon. In contrast, RDX appears to occur predominantly in the dissolved phase, behaves conservatively, and is most significant in groundwater. There is a strong correlation between RDX concentrations in water and the saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer. During prolonged wet periods, the alluvial aquifer enlarges, causing more RDX to be mobilized within the alluvial system. Subsurface processes in the alluvial aquifer are therefore most important in controlling present RDX transport, whereas surface processes associated with floods are most important in controlling Ba transport.
Self-Perceptions of Ability of Mathematically Talented Female Adolescents:

Despite their ability, many mathematically talented female adolescents do not aspire to nontraditional careers in mathematics and the sciences. According to the model proposed by Meece, Parsons, Kaczala, Goff, and Futterman (1982), self–concept of math ability is a central mediating variable in predicting long range goals and ultimate achievement in mathematics. The present study tested the hypothesis that, for a sample of 123 mathematically talented female adolescents, consideration of self–perceptions of multiple career–relevant abilities, as measured by Holland's (1977) Self Directed Search, rather than self–concept of math ability alone, is essential to understanding the ideal career aspirations of mathematically talented young women. The results indicate that it is the combined influence of self–perceptions of several career–relevant abilities that differentiates the nontraditional math and nontraditional science career aspirants from more traditional math/science and nonmath career aspiration group members. Implications for professionals working with the mathematically talented female adolescent are discussed.
Psychological Nominalism and the Plausibility of Sellars’s Myth of Jones

Part of Sellars's general attack on the Myth of the Given is his endorsement of psychological nominalism, a view that implies that awareness of our own mental states is not given but must be earned. Sellars provides an account of how such awareness might have been earned with the Myth of Jones. Such an account is important for Sellars, for without it the Given can look necessary after all. But a problem with such accounts is that they can look extremely implausible. Sellars himself seems unconcerned to make his account plausible, and so others have stepped in here. But, I argue, they have done so in ways that fail to respect his psychological nominalism. This evinces, as well as reinforces, a lack of sensitivity to the scope of Sellars's attack on the Given, the aim of which is the dismantling of “the entire framework of givenness.” In this essay, I show how one can make Sellars's Myth of Jones plausible, while still respecting his psychological nominalism, by seeing how Jones's thought is governed by the norms of rationality as interpretability.
Evolved Variants of the Membrane Protein Can Partially Replace the Envelope Protein in Murine Coronavirus Assembly

The coronavirus small envelope (E) protein plays a crucial, but poorly defined, role in the assembly of virions. To investigate E protein function, we previously generated E gene point mutants of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) that were defective in growth and assembled virions with anomalous morphologies. We subsequently constructed an E gene deletion (ΔE) mutant that was only minimally viable. The ΔE virus formed tiny plaques and reached optimal infectious titers many orders of magnitude below those of wild-type virus. We have now characterized highly aberrant viral transcription patterns that developed in some stocks of the ΔE mutant. Extensive analysis of three independent stocks revealed that, in each, a faster-growing virus harboring a genomic duplication had been selected. Remarkably, the net result of each duplication was the creation of a variant version of the membrane protein (M) gene that was situated upstream of the native copy of the M gene. Each different variant M gene encoded an expressed protein (M*) containing a truncated endodomain. Reconstruction of one variant M gene in a ΔE background showed that expression of the M* protein markedly enhanced the growth of the ΔE mutant and that the M* protein was incorporated into assembled virions. These findings suggest that M* proteins were repeatedly selected as surrogates for the E protein and that one role of E is to mediate interactions between transmembrane domains of M protein monomers. Our results provide a demonstration of the capability of coronaviruses to evolve new gene functions through recombination.
Some molecular properties of pneumoccal neuraminidase isoenzymes.

Abstract An estimated molecular weight of 70 600 ± 1000 was determined for each of four pneumococcal neuraminidase isoenzyme groups by gel filtration chromatography. The identical value was found for the most homogeneous of these, the CM-II fraction, following its treatment with 8 M urea-0.1 M β-mercaptoethanol and chromatography on a molecular sieve equilibrated with the denaturant. The resultant protein, though still coincident with residual enzymatic activity according to disc gel electropherograms, now displayed a migration towards the anode. An indistinguishable, carbamylated enzyme species was obtained upon reaction of the undenatured CM-II with 0.1 M KCNO. The gel-filtered CM-I and DEAE-II isoenzyme populations were individually resolved into two, well-separated isoenzyme bands upon electrophoresis. These results indicate a lack of subunit structure for the isoneuraminidases, and suggest that the appearance of the numerous multiple forms is a consequence of charge differences.
Segregation of K at the TiO2(100) surface

We have studied the segregation of potassium to the surface of TiO2(100) using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), direct recoil spectroscopy (DRS), and mass-spectroscopy of recoiled ions (MSRI). It is found that the concentration of potassium at the surface is strongly influenced by the sample temperature. MSRI results indicate the presence of potassium starting at annealing temperatures of 675 K and the subsequent disappearance above 875 K. Conversely, AES only indicates the presence of potassium after annealing the sample to 975 K. Together these results indicate that below 875 K, potassium exists in the very topmost surface layer, while above 875 K, potassium is located below this layer.
Effect of an impact-generated gas cloud on entrained surface boulders and spall ejecta

Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of an impact-generated gas cloud on the size-velocity distribution of large, solid ejecta fragments that become entrained in it, with particular reference to the possible Martian origin of the SNC meteorites. The entrainment both of loose surface boulders and of the early-time, large-size, high-velocity spall component of the crater ejecta is modeled numerically. Surface boulders from as far as 40 km from the center of impact can be accelerated by the high velocity leading edge of the gas cloud to velocities in excess of Martian escape velocity (5 km/s), but are generally crushed by the acceleration. Spall fragments become entrained later and nearer the center of the gas cloud, where gas velocities are much less. High velocity spalls are decelerated by the gas and low velocity spalls are accelerated by the gas, but no spalls ejected at
Myometrial wound healing post-Cesarean delivery in the MRL/MpJ mouse model of uterine scarring.

There is little known about healing of the uterus after Cesarean delivery (CD). Uterine wound repair was studied by using two strains of mice with different wound healing characteristics: MRL/MpJ+/+ (MRL: “high-healer” phenotype) and C57Bl/6 (“low-healer” phenotype). First, we examined the morphology and histology of the uterine wall repair. We identified wound granulation tissue 3 days post-CD in both strains, albeit less in the MRL strain. Macroscopically, no scar could be identified either in MRL or C57Bl/6 mice on day 60 post-CD. However, histologically, we found significant differences in wound integration, inflammation, and collagen birefringence between the two strains of mice. Using a histological index, we provided evidence for significant differences in mitotic activity in the initial phases of uterine healing among strains. Functional behavior of the uterine scar also was analyzed by using biomechanical parameters such as slope (measure of stiffness), yield point (measure of elasticity), and break point (measure of strength). There were significant differences in stiffness of the scarred myometrium between the two phenotypes. MRL mice displayed a significantly lower yield point compared with C57Bl/6. The break point was reached faster on days 15 and 60 in both C57Bl/6 and MRL strains compared with day 3 post-CD. Our findings indicate that differences in regenerative ability translate in histological, mitotic, and functional differences in biomechanical properties of the scarred myometrium after CD.
Partial characterization of a new basic nuclear protein from rat testis elongated spermatids.

Abstract A basic protein designated TP2 has been isolated from rat testis elongated spermatids. This new protein contains basic and acidic amino acids in relative amounts similar to those in histone F2al but is unusually rich in serine and proline. Techniques which were developed for preparing relatively homogeneous populations of spermatid nuclei were used to demonstrate that TP2 is most abundant and most actively synthesized in spermatids representing steps 12 through 15 of spermiogenesis.
Design of diethynyl porphyrin derivatives with high near infrared fluorescence quantum yields

A design strategy for (porphinato)zinc-based fluorophores that possess large near infrared fluorescence quantum yields is described. These fluorophores are based on a (5,15-diethynylporphinato)zinc(II) framework and feature symmetric donor or acceptor units appended at the meso-ethynyl positions via benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole moieties. These (5,15-bis(benzo[c][1′,2′,5′]thiadiazol-4′-ylethynyl)-10,20-bis[2′,6′-bis(3″,3″-dimethyl-1″-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II) (4), (5,15-bis[4′-(N,N-dihexylamino) benzo[c][1′,2′,5′]thiadiazol-7′-ylethynyl]-10,20-bis[2′,6′-bis(3″,3″-dimethyl-1″-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II) (5), (5,15-bis([7′-(4″-n-dodecyloxyphenylethynyl)benzo[c][1′,2′,5′]thiadiazol-4′-yl]ethynyl)-10,20-bis[2′,6′-bis(3″,3″-dimethyl-1″-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II) (6), (5,15-bis([7′-([7″-(4″ ′-n-dodecyloxyphenyl)benzo[c][1″,2″,5″]thiadiazol-4″-yl]ethynyl)benzo[c][1′,2′,5′]thiadiazol-4′-yl]ethynyl)-10,20-bis[2′,6′-bis(3″,3″-dimethyl-1″-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II) (7), 5,15-bis ([7′...
Consequences of spatial sampling by a human photoreceptor mosaic

The short wavelength color mechanism in the human visual system can distinguish gratings from uniform fields of the same average radiance at spatial frequencies that are twice as high as the highest at which it can resolve bars in the grating. This discrimination above the resolution limit is associated with a splotchy or mottled appearance of the grating similar to two-dimensional noise. The most plausible explanation for the mottled pattern is that it is a moire pattern produced by aliasing (spatial undersampling) by an irregular and sparse mosaic of short wavelength cones.
Ornithomimosaur Cranial Material from Ukhaa Tolgod (Omnogov, Mongolia)

Abstract The 1998 American Museum of Natural History–Mongolian Academy of Sciences expedition uncovered partial ornithomimosaur remains from the Xanadu sublocality at Uhkaa Tolgod. The specimen includes the rostral portion of the snout, the anterior portion of the mandible, and vertebral fragments. These remains cannot be assigned with certainty to any known ornithomimosaur genus. Examination of these materials allows new comments on ornithomimosaur palatal anatomy.
Mitral insufficiency due to rupture of chordae tendineae simulating aortic stenosis

Abstract Two cases of mitral insufficiency, mimicking aortic stenosis, due to ruptured chordae tendineae to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve are presented; in one, surgical repair was successful. In both the diagnosis of aortic stenosis was entertained prior to appropriate cardiac catheterization and cineangiographic studies.
Magnetic behavior of the high Tc composite compound of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ in the superconducting phase

Abstract Detailed measurements of the magnetic properties in the superconducting state of a composite sample with approximately 35% Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ and a Tc of 87K are compared with results on a corresponding single phase sample. The susceptibility is approximately linear in temperature below and near Tc indicating large magnetic field penetration near the transition. At low temperatures, a volume flux expulsion of 5% is found in lowest magnetic field, with Hc1 indicated to be 1.5kG. Magnetization loops are presented, showing hysteretic behavior even at 4.2K and 100G. At higher temperatures, the magnetization curves bear a striking resemblance to those for a large κ type II superconductor. The Curie susceptibility associated with spin in the non-superconducting phase remains unscreened below Tc in sharp contrast to the behavior of the rare earth 1-2-3 compounds, indicating that the magnetic flux percolates easily through the composite.
Simultaneous in-flight calibrations of the Galileo science platform and attitude control subsystems

This paper presents a design metholodology and simulation study results for a combined star scanner-gyro-scan platform in-flight calibration for the dual spin Galileo spacecraft. The design process involves three separate parts: the construction of an error model, development of the calibration model, and the selection of the appropriate estimation technique. The major innovative contribution lies in the development of the first two parts which are unique to the Galileo design. A unified procedure has been developed to allow simultaneous calibration of the three subsystems. However, provisions are also made in the software to calibrate each subsystem separately when the necessary a priori information is available.
Distribution of chondrocytes containing α‐smooth muscle actin in human articular cartilage

Relatively little is known about the contractile behavior of the human articular chondrocyte. Other connective tissue cells are known to express a contractile actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle actin, in response to injury, at selected stages of wound healing, and in certain pathological conditions. This and recent work demonstrating contractile behavior in adult canine articular chondrocytes in vitro prompted the present study of the distribution of alpha-smooth muscle actin-containing chondrocytes in human articular cartilage. Approximately 75% of the chondrocytes in the superficial region of cartilage expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, only approximately 10% of the cells in the deep region stained for this contractile actin isoform. There was no correlation of the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in either region with Mankin grade or with age. This is the first report of a contractile potential for human articular chondrocytes. The roles of alpha-smooth muscle actin in these cells warrant further investigation. The question of whether it is necessary to refer to these cells as myochondrocytes is considered.
Extent of surgical resection predicts seizure freedom in low-grade temporal lobe brain tumors

BACKGROUND Achieving seizure control in patients with low-grade temporal lobe gliomas or glioneuronal tumors remains highly underappreciated, because seizures are the most frequent presenting symptom and significantly impact patient quality-of-life. OBJECTIVE To assess how the extent of temporal lobe resection influences seizure outcome. METHODS We performed a quantitative, comprehensive systematic literature review of seizure control outcomes in 1181 patients with epilepsy across 41 studies after surgical resection of low-grade temporal lobe gliomas and glioneuronal tumors. We measured seizure-freedom rates after subtotal resection vs gross-total lesionectomy alone vs tailored resection, including gross-total lesionectomy with hippocampectomy and/or anterior temporal lobe corticectomy. RESULTS Included studies were observational case series, and no randomized, controlled trials were identified. Although only 43% of patients were seizure-free after subtotal tumor resection, 79% of individuals were seizure-free after gross-total lesionectomy (OR = 5.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.33-7.14). Furthermore, tailored resection with hippocampectomy plus corticectomy conferred additional benefit over gross-total lesionectomy alone, with 87% of patients achieving seizure freedom (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.23-2.70). Overall, extended resection with hippocampectomy and/or corticectomy over gross-total lesionectomy alone significantly predicted seizure freedom (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.26). Age <18 years and mesial temporal location also prognosticated favorable seizure outcome. CONCLUSION Gross-total lesionectomy of low-grade temporal lobe tumors results in significantly improved seizure control over subtotal resection. Additional tailored resection including the hippocampus and/or adjacent cortex may further improve seizure control, suggesting dual pathology may sometimes allow continued seizures after lesional excision.
Biochemical oxygen demands of potential cellulose ethanol waste streams

The effects of potential waste streams resulting from ethanol production by the simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) of cellulose were determined by measuring the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A worst-case analysis of BOD from ethanol-containing SSF beer showed an initial value of 1670 mg/l BOD, which is 29% of the expected initial BOD. When ethanol was reduced to 0.1–0.2% w/v, BOD levels were 605 mg/l in the mash and 250 mg/l in the beer. Both values were well below the projected discharge levels.
Reconciling seismic and geodetic models of the 1989 Kilauea south flank earthquake

[1] The inconsistency in depth between geodetic and seismic models of the 1989 Kilauea earthquake has long been puzzling. Previous attempts to incorporate elastic heterogeneity have deepened geodetic models substantially, bringing them closer to the seismic depth. However, recent studies that have included heterogeneity for other faults indicate that the effect is not so great. We show here that elastic heterogeneity has a relatively minor effect on the geodetic model depth for this earthquake also. However, by combining three different sets of geodetic data we are able to get a more accurate estimate of the depth, which does in fact coincide with the hypocentral depth at the 95% confidence level. When we consider that static elastic parameter values are commonly less than dynamic values, the agreement is even better. Furthermore, the depth is consistent with the earthquake having occurred at the interface between the volcanic pile and the pre-volcanic seafloor.
Occurrences of Soybean Viruses, Fungal Diseases, and Pests in Illinois Soybean Rust Sentinel Plots

After soybean rust was confirmed in soybean in the USA, sentinel plots were established in 26 states to monitor its spread. Funding for establishing, sampling, and monitoring the plots came from th...
Application of a GIS-based stream buffer generation model to environmental policy evaluation

In this article a GIS method is presented for riparian environmental buffer generation. It integrates a scientifically tested buffer width delineation model into a GIS framework. Using the generally available data sets, it determines buffer widths in terms of local physical conditions and expected effectiveness. Technical burdens of data management, computation, and result presentation are handled by the GIS. The case study in which the method was used to evaluate the stream buffer regulations in a North Carolina county demonstrates its capability as a decision support tool to facilitate environmental policy formulation and evaluation, and environmental dispute resolution.
The surgical treatment of pulmonic valvular stenosis.

Summary A method for pulmonic valvulotomy has been devised by Brock and employed successfully by other surgeons. Instruments which we have devised and which are used for the Brock procedure are described. Seven cases of pulmonic stenosis in which the Brock procedure was performed are discussed.
PGF2α/pilocarpine interactions on IOP and accommodation in monkeys

We investigated whether (i) single or repeated topical treatment with either the tromethamine salt or the isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α-TS or PGF2α-IE) inhibits the accommodative response to pilocarpine; (ii) pilocarpine given after PGF2α inhibits the latter's ocular hypotensive effect, as occurs with the reverse order of administration. PGF2α-IE (2 μg) or PGF2α-TS (50 μg) was applied topically to the right eye of five cynomolgus monkeys twice daily for 4 days. Before initial dosing, and 1 hr after the initial and final dose the animals were anesthetized with ketamine, and intraocular pressure (IOP) and refraction determined bilaterally. Following post-PG IOP and refraction determinations, pilocarpine HCl was given topically (bilaterally) or infused i.m. over 10 min, after which refraction was determined periodically for 50 min. IOP was then again determined. After a single unilateral dose of PGF2α-TS or PGF2α-IE, IOP was unchanged. Both eyes accommodated markedly and equally in response to pilocarpine, and IOP fell bilaterally by a statistically significant 3 mmHg in response to pilocarpine. Repeated doses of PGF2α-TS or PGF2α-IE did not significantly affect the accommodative response to pilocarpine, while pilocarpine did not alter the ∼ 10 mmHg ipsilateral IOP fall induced by repeated dosing of PGF2α-TS or PGF2α-IE. It is concluded that repeated unilateral topical application of PGF2α-TS or PGF2α-IE to the cynomolgus monkey eye markedly reduces ipsilateral IOP, but has no effect on the ipsilateral or contralateral eye accommodative response to pilocarpine. Pilocarpine reverses the PGF2α-TS or PGF2α-IE-induced fall in IOP when given before the PGF2α, but does not prevent it when given after, within the parameters of this study.
Simulation of Steady State Surface Temperature Response of a Novel Micro Loop Heat Pipe to Various Heat Loads

Numerical investigations have been performed to simulate a novel Micro Loop Heat Pipe (MLHP) under steady state conditions. For most electronics, the maximum working temperature is an important design factor; therefore an accurate estimation of this temperature is crucial. The model predicts the steady state temperature distribution at the surface of the heat source as a function of applied heat loads. This code builds upon a previous code developed by the authors [1], and utilizes a hybridizing of an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code and relevant thermodynamic equations. Using this simulation tool, the minimum required compensation chamber cavity has been calculated and checked for various operating temperature ranges. Additionally, the design of the MLHP has been improved by evaluating the effects of the geometric feature variations. Considering the fabrication limitations, some of the optimized geometry dimensions were found to be a groove wall thickness of 2um, a groove width of 7um, a wicking structure length of 500μm, and a vapor line width of 2mm.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A combined motivation and parent-child interaction therapy package reduces child welfare recidivism in a randomized dismantling field trial.

Objective: A package of parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) combined with a self-motivational (SM) orientation previously was found in a laboratory trial to reduce child abuse recidivism compared with services as usual (SAU). Objectives of the present study were to test effectiveness in a field agency rather than in a laboratory setting and to dismantle the SM versus SAU orientation and PCIT versus SAU parenting component effects. Method: Participants were 192 parents in child welfare with an average of 6 prior referrals and most with all of their children removed. Following a 2 2 sequentially randomized experimental design, parents were randomized first to orientation condition (SM vs. SAU) and then subsequently randomized to a parenting condition (PCIT vs. SAU). Cases were followed for child welfare recidivism for a median of 904 days. An imputation-based approach was used to estimate recidivism survival complicated by significant treatment-related differences in timing and frequency of children returned home. Results: A significant orientation condition by parenting condition interaction favoring the SM PCIT combination was found for reducing future child welfare reports, and this effect was stronger when children were returned to the home sooner rather than later. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that previous laboratory results can be replicated in a field implementation setting and among parents with chronic and severe child welfare histories, supporting a synergistic SM PCIT benefit. Methodological considerations for analyzing child welfare event history data complicated by differential risk deprivation are also emphasized.
Meeting walk-in patients' expectations for testing. Effects on satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between meeting expectations for tests and visit satisfaction in walk-in patients.
A Radioautographic Method for Detailed Localization of Radioactive Isotopes in Tissues without Isotope Loss

SummaryThe method described in this paper incorporates the following desirable features:1. It is possible to prepare radioautographs from tissue that has been frozen and dehydrated in vacuum and mounted by procedures that avoid contact of the tissue with reagents that would extract the radioactive material.2. Sharp images are obtained; yet the method avoids possible difficulties due to direct chemical contact of the tissue with the photographic emulsion.3. There are no difficulties in staining and developing, since the two slides are handled separately.4. Due to the fact that two images are on separate slides, the photographic image formed does not obscure structural details of the tissue section or vice versa; comparisons are always made on the same tissue section that was used in making the photographic exposure.5. It is possible to match localizations accurately on the two slides.
CATION TRANSPORT IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. IV. KINETICS OF NET K UPTAKE.

The resuspension of K-poor, Na-rich stationary phase E. coli in fresh medium at pH 7.0 results in a rapid uptake of K and extrusion of Na by the cells. In all experiments net K uptake exceeded net Na extrusion. An investigation of the uptake of glucose, PO4, and Mg and the secretion of H by these cells indicates that the excess K uptake is not balanced by the simultaneous uptake of anions but must be accompanied by the extrusion of cations from the cell. The kinetics of net K uptake are consistent with the existence of two parallel influx processes. The first is rapid, of brief duration, and accounts for approximately 60 per cent of the total net K uptake. This process is a function of the extracellular K concentration, is inhibited in acid media, and appears to be a 1 for 1 exchange of extracellular K for intracellular H. The second influx process has a half-time of approximately 12 minutes, and is not affected by acid media. This process is a function of the intracellular Na concentration, is dependent upon the presence of K in the medium, and may be ascribed to a 1 for 1 exchange of extracellular K for intracellular Na.
A simple procedure for parallel sequence analysis of both strands of 5'-labeled DNA.

Abstract Ligation of a 5′-labeled DNA restriction fragment results in a circular DNA molecule carrying the two 32 Ps at the reformed restriction site. Double digestions of the circular DNA with the original enzyme and a second restriction enzyme cleavage near the labeled site allows direct chemical sequencing of one 5′-labeled DNA strand. Similar double digestions, using an isoschizomer that cleaves differently at the 32 P-labeled site, allows direct sequencing of the now 3′-labeled complementary DNA strand. It is possible to directly sequence both strands of cloned DNA inserts by using the above protocol and a multiple cloning site vector that provides the necessary restriction sites. The simultaneous and parallel visualization of both DNA strands eliminates sequence ambiguities. In addition, the labeled circular molecules are particularly useful for single-hit DNA cleavage studies and DNA footprint analysis. As an example, we show here an analysis of the micrococcal nuclease-induced breaks on the two strands of the somatic 5S RNA gene of Xenopus borealis , which suggests that the enzyme may recognize and cleave small AT-containing palindromes along the DNA helix.
Reflection-interference method to determine droplet profiles.

An optical method is developed to determine the instantaneous profile near the contact region of a minute droplet evaporating on a horizontal plate. A parallel coherent beam is split into two rays: one directed on the droplet at an oblique angle to the plate and the other passed through the droplet at a normal angle with the plate. The former produces a set of interference fringes by the light beams reflected from the droplet surface. Simultaneously, the latter creates a shadowgraph of the droplet on a screen. The liquid–vapor interfacial profile can be determined from the fringe patterns utilizing the droplet size on the plate calculated from its image on the shadowgraph. In addition, the contact angles can be uniquely defined and determined from the droplet profile.
Tricuspid regurgitation of varying severity: leaflet prolapse or pacemaker lead-induced obstruction?

s T v o ( T v p 1 m AN 87-YEAR-OLD, 113-kg, 178-cm man with a past medical history of chronic atrial fibrillation was admitted to he authors’ hospital for the evaluation of intermittent exerional chest tightness, progressive dyspnea, and several epiodes of near-syncope. He stated that he was able to walk less han 10 feet before becoming short of breath. A permanent acemaker had been implanted 2 years before the current dmission for the treatment of symptomatic bradycardia. As art of the evaluation, transesophageal echocardiography TEE) was performed under conscious sedation and revealed he presence of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) resulting from yxomatous degeneration and prolapse of the anterior-lateral egment of the posterior mitral leaflet (P1, not shown). The TEE xamination also showed right atrial dilatation and apparent rolapse of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve concomtant with elevated right ventricular pressures (estimated at 50 mHg by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography) and evere regurgitation. A cardiac catheterization confirmed the resence of severe MR, pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary ystolic and diastolic arterial pressures of 69 and 42 mmHg, espectively), and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection raction of 35%). Coronary angiography showed a 90% luminal
1-(2-Mercaptoethyl)phthalazines and related compounds

1-(2-Mercaptoethyl)phthalazine (VII) and its analogs such as S-2-(1-phthalazyl)ethyliso-thiuronium bromide (VI), sodium S-2-(1-phthalazyl)ethylthiosulfate (VIII), 1,3-bis-acetylthio-2-(1-phthalazyl)propane (XII), 2-(1-phthalazyl)-1,3-propanedithiol (XIII), disodium 2-(1-phthalazyl)-1,3-propanedithiosulfate (XIV), 3-dimethylamino-2-(1-phthalazyl)-1-propanethiol (XVII) and 3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-(1-phthalazyl)-1-propanethiol (XIX) have been prepared as potential radiation protection agents.
Volatile Memory Acquisition via Warm Boot Memory Survivability

As with other areas of digital forensics the validity and in some cases the sheer possibility of media analysis depends upon successfully acquisition of data from the media. The analysis of acquired Random Access Memory has been an active area of recent research. This paper demonstrates a USB based method of memory acquisition invoked via a system reboot. The method does not depend upon the operating system type or version.
Persistent Alterations to the Gene Expression Profile of the Heart Subsequent to Chronic Doxorubicin Treatment

Doxorubicin (DOX, Adriamycin®) is a potent antineoplastic agent used to treat a number of cancers. Despite its utility, DOX causes a cumulative, irreversible cardiomyopathy that may become apparent shortly after treatment or years subsequent to therapy. Numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the basis of DOX cardiotoxicity, but the precise mechanism responsible remains elusive. This investigation was designed to assess global gene expression using microarrays in order to identify the full spectrum of potential molecular targets of DOX cardiotoxicity to further delineate the underlying pathological mechanism(s) responsible for this dose-limiting cardiomyopathy. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received 6 weekly injections of 2 mg/kg (s.c.) DOX followed by a 5 week drug-free period prior to analysis of cardiac tissue transcripts. Ontological evaluation in terms of subcellular targets identified gene products involved in mitochondrial processes are significantly suppressed, consistent with the well-established persistent mitochondrial dysfunction. Further classification of genes into biochemical networks revealed several pathways modulated by DOX, including glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism, supporting the notion that mitochondria are key targets in DOX toxicity. In conclusion, this comprehensive transcript profile provides important insights into critical targets and molecular adaptations that characterize the persistent cardiomyopathy associated with long-term exposure to DOX.
How do we promote independent ostomy management for people with disability

Purpose To describe how people with ostomies became independent with their ostomy management. Method Two clinical ostomy consultations which incorporated traditional ostomy management along with state-of-the-art ostomy technology aimed at the needs of the disabled person. Results The newer technologies eliminated several of the traditional steps and made a one-handed approach possible. Discussion This article describes two clinical consultations which incorporated traditional ostomy management along with state-of-the-art ostomy technology aimed at the needs of the disabled person. Peristomal skin preparation and protection, barrier wafer preparation, proper pouch emptying, and newer technology are discussed. Conclusion The consultations resulted in ostomy care autonomy and an improved quality of life in both patients.
End-shaped copper fibers in an epoxy matrix : predicted versus actual fracture toughening

Abstract End-shaped copper fibers are placed in a brittle thermoset epoxy matrix at 10 vol% and tested in four-point bending to determine the fracture toughness of the composite. Results from four-point bend tests agree well with the theoretical predictions of the fracture toughness increment ‘Δ G ’ of a metal fiber/brittle thermoset matrix composite based on single fiber pullout (SFP) tests. This close agreement demonstrates that SFP testing, along with the theoretical model, can be used as an effective end-shape screening tool for ductile fibers before full scale composite testing. The model predicts that the composite’s fracture toughness will be 46% higher with flat end-impacted fibers and 4% lower with rippled fibers compared to straight fibers at a 0° orientation. Four-point bend results show the actual composite’s fracture toughness is 49% higher with flat end-impacted fibers and 5% lower with rippled fibers compared to straight fibers. Further, four-point bend results show that end-shaped copper fibers improve both the flexural strength and modulus of the composite, demonstrating that end-shaped ductile fibers provide a good stress transfer to the fibers by anchoring the fibers into the matrix. Lastly, experimental validation of the model also indicates that at low fiber volume fractions, fiber–fiber interaction has only a minor influence on the fracture toughness for the tested ductile fiber/brittle matrix composite.
Effects of anticholinergics on the habituation of tonic immobility in chickens.

Two experiments were executed to test expectations derived from Carlton's general theory of cholinergic action. This theory states that anticholinergics, in general, antagonize habituation. Experiment 1 determined the effect of 12.2 or 24.5 mg/kg of atropine, 0.5 or 0.9 mg/kg of scopolamine, or saline, on the duration of the tonic immobility (TI) response in White Leghorn chickens. Scopolamine injections markedly reduced TI duration, while atropine had no effect, suggesting that different anticholinergics may have differential effects on fear-potentiated responses. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), methylscopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), or saline injections on the habituation of susceptibility to TI. There were indications that scopolamine served to facilitate, not antagonize, the habituation of this response.
Localization of arrhythmogenic triggers of atrial fibrillation.

Arrhythmogenic Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: Mapping procedures to identify triggers of atrial fibrillation from pulmonary veins (PVs) are not well established. We sought to determine the value of multipolar recordings from the coronary sinus (CS) and crista terminalis (CT) for identifying the origin of paced and atrial premature depolarizations (APDs) initiating atrial fibrillation from left versus right PVs. Methods and Results: Fifteen patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation refractory to medications had decapolar catheters (5-mm electrode, 2-nmi interelectrode spacing) placed in the CS and posterior medial to the CT. Bipolar electrograms were recorded at each site. Electroanatomic left atrial endocardial maps were created in sinus rhythm, and each PV was identified and paced. During spontaneous APDs initiating atrial fibrillation and PV pace maps, the atrial activation and the earliest electrogram at CS and CT were compared. PV sites were designated as sites of origin of APDs when (1) intracardiac electrograms in the CS and CT during arrhythmogenic APDs matched those of Pv pace maps, (2) local activation preceded CS and CT recordings by at least 40 msec (all sites), and (3) atrial depolarizations were eliminated by application of radiofrequency energy (24/26 sites). Pacing from each of the 30 right PV sites resulted in proximal to distal CS activation and later recordings at the CS than the CT (earliest CS-CT activation range: -15 to - 58 msec, mean -32 ± 12). In contrast, pacing from the left PV sites typically (28/30 sites) activated the CS from the distal to proximal poles and demonstrated simultaneous or earlier (CS-CT range: -14 to +54 msec, mean 13 ± 17) recordings of the CS than the CT (P < 0.0001). For 13 APDs mapped to the right PVs, CS minus CT activation was -17 to -49 msec (mean - 31 ± 8). For 13 APDs localized to the left PVs, the CS minus CT activation time ranged from -8 to +28 msec (mean 14 ± 15). Conclusion: Activation sequence mapping from multipolar catheters placed in the CS and along the posterior medial CT rapidly differentiates right and left PV sites of origin of atrial depolarization.
Haiti Building Failures and a Replicable Building Design for Improved Earthquake Safety

Christianville is a group of U.S. mission projects (education, medical, dental, and eye) located 8 km east of Leogâne and near the epicenter of the 12 January 2010 earthquake. The facility consists...
Fabrication of Sub-10 nm Planar Nanofluidic Channels Through Native Oxide Etch and Anodic Wafer Bonding

A simple, multiple-hydrofluoric (HF)-dip process is developed and characterized to etch native silicon-dioxide (SiO2) to obtain shallow silicon trenches. The room-temperature SiO2 grow-etch-grow process yields an etch rate of ~ 1 nm/HF-dip with atomically smooth trench surface. Low-temperature, low-voltage anodic bonding yields sub-10 nm deep planar nanochannels with aspect ratios as small as 0.002.
Selection for Low Meat Spot Incidence in a Brown Egg Breed

Abstract INTRODUCTION BASIC information on the effects of selection for low meat spot incidence in the fresh laid egg is lacking. Meat spots have been discriminated against in marketing laws and market grades for many years. Eggs with meat spots under ⅛-inch in diameter are classified as grade C, and if larger, the egg is classified as a loss. These inclusions have been interpreted to mean colored meat spots. Detection of these spots depends mostly upon candling procedures. Electronic detection methods are now available for white shell eggs and may become available for eggs of any shell color. The study of egg quality data where the eggs are broken out and the colored meat spots recorded would indicate a high incidence of colored meat spots in our present-day commercial brown egg breeding combinations. Brant et al. (1953) studied eggs produced at the Rhode Island and Georgia Egg Laying Tests and found…