cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mutating Specific Residues Present Near the Amino Terminus of 2′–5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase

Abstract In this study, we investigated the role of specific amino acid residues present near the amino terminus of the 9–2 isozyme of 2′–5′-oligoadenylate synthetase. In vitroexpression of deletion mutants showed that residues 1–9 are required for enzyme activity. Within this region, residues 3, 7, and 8 were found to be conserved among all known isozymes of 2′–5′-oligoadenylate synthetase. Mutation of these residues singly or in combination resulted in partial or total loss of enzyme activity. Substitution of the proline residue at position 7 by different residues caused a partial or complete loss of activity. The properties of the inactive P7Q mutant were further explored by expressing the protein in bacteria. The bacterially expressed protein was also enzymatically inactive. The mutant protein could bind the substrate ATP and the activator double-stranded RNA normally. Oligomerization properties of the protein were examined by an affinity-based interaction assay and by glycerol gradient centrifugation; there was no detectable difference between the wild type and the P7Q mutant. These results demonstrated the importance of the proline residue at position 7 in conferring enzyme activity to the protein without affecting its other properties.
Decreased lysosomal storage in the adult MPS VII mouse brain in the vicinity of grafts of retroviral vector-corrected fibroblasts secreting high levels of beta-glucuronidase.

A deficiency of β-glucuronidase (GUSB) causes the multisystem progressive degenerative syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VII (Sly disease)1, which includes mental retardation2. Animal homologues of MPS VII (ref. 3, 4) are models for testing somatic gene transfer approaches to treat the central nervous system in this and other lysosomal storage disorders5. Previous attempts to correct murine MPS VII by gene therapy have successfully treated lesions in some organs but not in the brain6–8. Other experimental modalities have forestalled some disease progression in the brain, but only if done at birth9,10, before the onset of severe lesions, when the animals are pheno-typically normal. We tested whether therapeutic amounts of GUSB could be delivered to the diseased adult brain by transplanting cells engineered to super-secrete the normal enzyme for export to surrounding neural tissues. Lysosomal distention was cleared from neurons and glial cells in the vicinity of the grafts, showing that the secreted enzyme could reach the diseased cells and reverse lesions in the severely diseased brain. The ability to correct established lesions will be important for the treatment of many lysosomal storage diseases affecting the brain, because most patients are not diagnosed until lesions are advanced enough to affect phenotype or developmental milestones in early childhood, and some forms of the diseases do not become apparent until later in life11.
Bibliography on the Surge Performance of Transformers and Rotating Machines-First Supplement

This supplement to the "Bibliography on the Surge Performance of Transformers and Rotating Machines," published in 1958, includes 254 additional references from 1932 through 1961. The large number of references published since 1957 indicates that activity in this field is continuing at a high level in many countries.
CHANGES IN KUNITZ TRYPSIN INHIBITOR DURING GERMINATION OF SOYBEANS: AN IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS ASSAY SYSTEM

A rocket immunoelectrophoresis system was developed for assay of the major trypsin inhibitor of soybean seeds, the Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI). Antibodies specific for purified Kunitz inhibitor were produced by subcutaneous injection of the purified inhibitor in rabbits. Electrophoresis of samples containing STI into agarose gels containing antisera to STI resulted in the formation of precipitin bands (rockets) whose height was linearly related to the amount of STI in the sample in the range of 35–175 nanograms. The smallest amount of STI which can be detected is approximately 5–10 nanograms. For many purposes, this assay system represents a substantial improvement over enzyme assays because only a single protein is recognized rather than all proteins with trypsin inhibitory activity. Trypsin-STI complexes are also recognized in the immunoelectrophoresis assay, suggesting that at least two of the antigenic determinants of STI are accessible to antibodies when the inhibitor is complexed with enzyme. The Kunitz trypsin inhibitor concentration of soybeans (Glycine max L. var. Steele) decreased by 13% on a dry weight basis during the first 9 days of germination. Enzymatic assay of total trypsin inhibitor activity showed similar decreases during germination. Since rapid decreases in Kunitz inhibitor content do not take place during germination it seems improbable that the Kunitz inhibitor functions as a storage protein in the seed.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF END-STAGE RENAL TRANSPLANT REJECTION

The late computed tomography appearance of a case of acute, irreversible renal transplant rejection demonstrated replacement of normal renal architecture by homogeneous low-density tissue surrounded by a rim of increased attenuation, mimicking abscess or neoplasm. Calcification was not found in the kidney, as in the only previously reported case of long-term renal transplant rejection.
The Origins of New Netherland. Interpreting Native American Responses to Henry Hudson's Visit*

When Adriaen van der Donck wrote A Description of the New Netherlands in 1655, he rightly pointed to Henry Hudson's 1609 voyage and discovery as the foundation of Dutch claims to the North American territory. Presumably arguing on the basis of the right of first discovery, he proposed that local Indian lore supported the fact that the Dutch-employed Englishman had been the first to discover and explore the Hudson River. As a settler in New Netherland, Van der Donck had often heard the native inhabitants claim that before Hudson came they had never seen such a thing as a European ship.
Afferent and efferent connections of the oculomotor cerebellar vermis in the macaque monkey

Saccadic eye movements were evoked with weak currents applied to a circumscribed vermal area. The area was confined to lobule VII in the majority of the monkeys and coincided with the distribution of saccade-related neural activity. We defined this area as the oculomotor vermis and studied its anatomical connections with wheat germ-agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA/HRP) and HRP. When injected HRP was confined to the oculomotor vermis, most labeled Purkinje axons terminated ipsilaterally in an ellipsoidal region in the mediocaudal aspect of the fastigial nucleus. Retrogradely labeled cells were found in two relatively circumscribed regions in the fastigial nucleus: one group was in the lateral half of the ellipsoidal terminal region and the other group was in a spherical region near the lateral margin of the nucleus. Following the injection of HRP into the oculomotor vermis, the largest population of retrogradely labeled neurons was found in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. Labeled cells were located only in the medial and dorsolateral portions of the nucleus. The cell aggregates in the dorsolateral portion merged with densely labeled cells of the processus tegmentosus lateralis. The second largest population of labeled cells was found in the pontine nuclei. Approximately 28% of the labeled pontine cells aggregated in the paramedian pontine nucleus, whereas the other labeled pontine cells were widely distributed in the dorsal part of the pontine peduncular nucleus and the dorsolateral pontine nucleus. Labeled cells were scattered also in the pontine raphe, the paramedian pontine reticular formation, and the interfascicular nucleus at the rostral level of the hypoglossal nucleus. Fewer labeled cells were discovered in the vestibular nuclear complex and the prepositus hypoglossi. In the inferior olivary nucleus, labeled cells were located in the subnucleus b of the medial accessory nucleus.
Innovative Interventions for Treating Tobacco Addiction Among Persons With Co-occurring Mental Illness and Addiction: New Approaches to Improve Outcomes

New treatment tools and organizational change approaches have been implemented to address tobacco addiction among persons with co-occurring disorders since the Journal of Dual Diagnosis last hosted...
Imaging Oxide-Covered Doped Silicon Structures Using Low-Energy Electron Microscopy

Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) operated at incident electron energies just above the “mirror” mode is used to image Si-based test devices. Significant p- vs. n- doping contrast is observed, even when the structures are covered with a ∼3.5 nm thermal oxide. The contrast arises from a difference in surface potential between the two regions and is related to both p-n work function differences and electron-beam-induced charging of the oxide. The results show that the LEEM is capable of characterizing pn junctions without complicated sample preparation and that it is a promising technique for rapid, non-destructive imaging of microelectronic devices.
A new method to estimate cardiac contractility and pressure-volume area

A method for obtaining the cardiac contractility index (E/sub max/) and the pressure-volume area (PVA) without the need for measurement of left ventricular volume is presented. The method allows calculation of these parameters from pressure and flow waveforms of ejecting beats. It requires only a single isovolumic ventricular contraction performed at any end systolic volume. The method is based on the Suga-Sagawa ventricular model and its representation in the pressure-volume plane. >
The benefits of digitalisation and the impact of computer philosophies: Reaping the rewards of information

This paper outlines the technological benefits of digitalisation, including the Integrated Services Digital Network, fibre optics and the Open Systems Interconnect model. The author emphasises the importance of establishing an information architecture and creating an organisational environment in which managers can use information as a strategic resource.
SOME RECENT WORK ON INTERNAL SECRETIONS.

The present day literature of endocrinology is very extensive. The bibliographic volume of the new edition of Beidl's well known monograph now runs to about five hundred pages. This includes in general only the more important contributions. Our own check list of endocrine articles for the year 1920 includes about twenty-five hundred, from nearly five hundred different periodicals, in a dozen or more languages.Anyone with even a cursory knowledge of this literature must be impressed with the fact that it is extremely uneven in quality. A certain proportion of the articles are highly technical and of immediate interest only to the specialist. A larger proportion are articles of merely ephemeral interest, such as serve to ventilate the theories of the author or to assemble in a superficial way some of the pertinent evidence on topics of current practical interest. Between these extremes, however, is found a body of literature comprising several hundred articles a year that are of wade interest to practitione...
Intracranial hypertension as an initial manifestation of spinal neuroectodermal tumor

A 19-year-old girl had headaches, blurred vision and vomiting for 2 weeks. Neurological examination revealed only bilateral papilloedema and left abducens palsy. Neuroimaging of the brain was normal. Cerebrospinal fluid study showed intracranial hypertension (IH), hypoglycorrhachia, hyperproteinorrhachia, and a negative cytology study. Eight months after the onset, paraparesis occurred. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed intramedullary masses at the cervical and thoracic cords with extensive seeding. Biopsy of the mass showed primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). IH rarely occurs in patients with spinal cord neoplasms. Its incidence is low and the condition is always associated with signs of myelopathy. We report a patient whose initial manifestation of spinal PNET was IH only. Spinal tumor should be considered in IH patients whose intracranial examinations are negative.
Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs)

Human impacts have left and are leaving distinctive imprints in the geological record. Here we show that in North America, the human-caused changes evident in the mammalian fossil record since c. 14,000 years ago are as pronounced as earlier faunal changes that subdivide Cenozoic epochs into the North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). Accordingly, we define two new North American Land Mammal Ages, the Santarosean and the Saintagustinean, which subdivide Holocene time and complete a biochronologic system that has proven extremely useful in dating terrestrial deposits and in revealing major features of faunal change through the past 66 million years. The new NALMAs highlight human-induced changes to the Earth system, and inform the debate on whether or not defining an Anthropocene epoch is justified, and if so, when it began.
Real-time eye gaze tracking with an unmodified commodity webcam employing a neural network

An eye-gaze-guided computer interface could enable computer use by the seriously disabled but existing systems cost tens of thousands of dollars or have cumbersome setups. This paper presents a methodology for real-time eye gaze tracking using a standard webcam without the need for hardware modification or special placement. An artificial neural network was employed to estimate the location of the user's gaze based on an image of the user's eye, mimicking the way that humans determine where another person is looking. Accuracy measurements and usability experiments were performed using a laptop computer with a webcam built into the screen. The results show this approach to be promising for the development of usable eye tracking systems using standard webcams, particularly those built into many laptop computers.
A high-speed 32-bit parallel correlator for spread spectrum communication

This paper describes a high speed 32-bit pipelined digital parallel correlator implemented in a Lattice field programmable gate array (FPGA). The parallel correlator is of use in CDMA and spread spectrum transceivers for the continuous calculation of correlation between an incoming data stream with a PN sequence. The maximum frequency of operation of the FPGA based correlator is 87 MHz providing a throughput of one 32-bit correlation every 11.5 ns resulting in considerable improvement over commercially available correlators in terms of speed as well as number of bits. The high speed of operation of the correlator coupled with its ability to handle up to 32 chips per data bit alleviates the problem of low information bit rates due to signal encoding in spread spectrum communication systems. A CMOS integrated circuit implementation of the parallel correlator is presented.
Horn extended feature structures: fast unification with negation and limited disjunction

The notion of a Horn extended feature structure (HoXF) is introduced, which is a feature structure constrained so that its only allowable extensions are those satisfying some set of Horn clauses in feature-term logic. HoXF's greatly generalize ordinary feature structures in admitting explicit representation of negative and implicational constraints. In contradistinction to the general case in which arbitrary logical constraints are allowed (for which the best known algorithms are exponential), there is a highly tractable algorithm for the unification of HoXF's.
Tectonics of planetary loading - A general model and results

The tectonics of planetary loading is investigated using an analytical model for determining the stresses in an arbitrarily thick spherical shell due to an idealized axisymmetric load. The model includes the flat plate and thin shell membrane approximations as end members, and makes it possible to determine the nature of the transition between them. Using this model, the stress states and the resulting tectonic patterns due to an idealized exponential load are determined as functions of five dimensionless parameters: the ratio of the lithospheric thickness to the planetary radius; the decay width of the load; the 'support parameter', which is the ratio of the buoyancy to the flexural support; the angular distance from the load center; and the normalized radial distance from the planet center.
A response-based time-dependent neutron transport method

Abstract An efficient response-based solution to the time-dependent neutron transport equation in a semi-infinite slab is derived. The solution is based on polynomial expansions of the source terms and neutron flux in the time domain. The expansion coefficients of the flux solution are computed in terms of response functions, which are special cases of Green’s functions for arbitrary in-volume and surface sources. The resulting response equation, which is a convolution integral equation in time, is reduced to a linear algebraic system of equations in the expansion coefficients. Two example problems are solved using the response-based method, and the extension of the method to general (finite, heterogeneous) problems is discussed.
A Chemical Biological Strategy to Facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing

A complication of diabetes is the inability of wounds to heal in diabetic patients. Diabetic wounds are refractory to healing due to the involvement of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which remodel the tissue resulting in apoptosis. There are no readily available methods that identify active unregulated MMPs. With the use of a novel inhibitor-tethered resin that binds exclusively to the active forms of MMPs, coupled with proteomics, we quantified MMP-8 and MMP-9 in a mouse model of diabetic wounds. Topical treatment with a selective MMP-9 inhibitor led to acceleration of wound healing, re-epithelialization, and significantly attenuated apoptosis. In contrast, selective pharmacological inhibition of MMP-8 delayed wound healing, decreased re- epithelialization, and exhibited high apoptosis. The MMP-9 activity makes the wounds refractory to healing, whereas that of MMP-8 is beneficial. The treatment of diabetic wounds with a selective MMP-9 inhibitor holds great promise in providing heretofore-unavailable opportunities for intervention of this disease.
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-mediated pathways has beneficial effects in a murine model of postischemic remodeling.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptor-1 (TNFR1)-mediated pathways in a murine model of myocardial infarction and remodeling. One h...
Control of post-anaesthetic shivering

From the data shown here, magnesium sulfate and methylphenidate may be the most effective of the substances tested, in the treatment of post-anaesthetic shivering, though not consistently so. Calcium chloride appears to be the least effective and its use is accompanied by some untoward cutaneous flushing which may be uncomfortable for conscious patients. The mechanisms thus far proposed for shivering appear to be inadequate to explain it in every case and no therapy is completely successful; therefore further investigation of the subject is certainly indicated.
Dynamics of Income Packaging: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study

This article examines the methods and dynamics of packaging multiple sources of wage and nonwage income as a means of making ends meet over a 10-year period among a sample of displaced steelworkers who lost jobs as a result of plant closings in the 1980s and then experienced extensive downward mobility. The study tracked changes in the respondents' income and employment over a decade, the dynamics of their use of social services, their pooling of a variety of income sources, and the use of social assistance to supplement low wages. The study found that among this sample income packaging was a universal economic strategy and that use of social services did not affect later employment and earnings.
QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF HUMAN PROSTATE CORRELATED WITH HISTOLOGY

Quantification of mechanical properties of human prostate tissue is important for developing sonoelastography for prostate cancer detection. In this study, we characterized the frequency-dependent complex Young's modulus of normal and cancerous prostate tissues in vitro by using stress relaxation testing and viscoelastic tissue modeling methods. After radical prostatectomy, small cylindrical tissue samples were acquired in the posterior region of each prostate. A total of 17 samples from eight human prostates were obtained and tested. Stress relaxation tests on prostate samples produced repeatable results that fit a viscoelastic Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative (KVFD) model (r(2)>0.97). For normal (n = 8) and cancerous (n = 9) prostate samples, the average magnitudes of the complex Young's moduli (|E*|) were 15.9 +/- 5.9 kPa and 40.4 +/- 15.7 kPa at 150 Hz, respectively, giving an elastic contrast of 2.6:1. Nine two-sample t-tests indicated that there are significant differences between stiffness of normal and cancerous prostate tissues in the same gland (p < 0.01). This study contributes to the current limited knowledge on the viscoelastic properties of the human prostate, and the inherent elastic contrast produced by cancer.
Novel Tubular Receiver Panel Configurations for Increased Efficiency of High-Temperature Solar Receivers

Typical Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) central receiver power plants require the use of either an external or cavity receiver. Previous and current external receivers consist of a series of tubes connected to manifolds that form a cylindrical or rectangular shape such as in the cases of Solar One, Solar Two, and most recently the Ivanpah solar plant. These receivers operate at high surface temperatures (>600°C) at which point thermal re-radiation is significant. However, the geometric arrangement of these heat transfer tubes results in heat losses directly to the environment. This work focused on how to fundamentally reduce this heat loss through the manipulation of heat transfer tube configurations. Four receiver configurations are studied: flat receiver (base case study), a radial receiver with finned structures (fins arranged in a circular pattern on a cylinder), a louvered finned structure (horizontal and angled fins on a flat plate), and a vertical finned structure (fins oriented vertically along a flat plate). The thermal efficiency, convective heat loss patterns, and air flow around each receiver design is found using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS FLUENT. Results presented in this paper show that alternative tubular configurations increase thermal efficiency by increasing the effective solar absorptance of these high-temperature receivers by increasing the light trapping effects of the receiver, reducing thermal emittance to the environment, and reducing the overall size of the receiver. Each receiver configuration has finned structures that take advantage of the directional dependence of the heliostat field resulting in a light trapping effect on the receiver. The finned configurations tend to lead to “hot” regions on the receiver, but the new configurations can take advantage of high local view factors (each surface can “see” another receiver surface) in these regions through the use of heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow patterns. The HTF reduces the temperatures in these regions increasing the efficiency of heat transfer to the fluid. Finally, the new receiver configurations have a lower overall optical intercept region resulting in a higher geometric concentration ratio for the receiver. Compared to the base case analysis (flat plate receiver), the novel tubular geometries results showed an increase in thermal efficiency.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy of the ν4(σu) fundamental and associated ν11(πu) hot band of C7: Evidence for alternating rigidity in linear carbon clusters

bending hot bands associated with the v4 fundamental. This constitutes the first characterization of the bending potential of C, . Excitation to u = 1’ of the Y, I (IT,, ) bending fundamental is accompanied by a huge increase (9.3%) in the rotational constant. Excitation from v = 1’ to v = 2’ of Y,~ results in an even larger increase ( 10.4%) in the rotational constant. The magnitude of these changes indicates extremely large amplitude bending motion about the central carbon atom, evidencing the predicted nonrigidity of C, . In addition, the v4 rotational transitions have been measured with improved precision and extended to
Tempe: Live scripting for live data

Data scientists are increasingly working with live streaming data, for example, business telemetry and signals from wearable devices and the Internet of Things. Unfortunately, current tools for exploratory data analysis provide poor support for streaming data. This paper presents Tempe, a data science environment for temporal and streaming data. Tempe's extensible scripting environment allows for live programming, displays interactive, continually updating visualizations, and provides a uniform query language for both stored and live data. We discuss the streaming features of Tempe and evaluate our design choices with a deployment study at Microsoft with a product team who used Tempe continuously for six months.
Oil Dispersants from FRRPP-Based Surfactants

The use of Corexit® to disperse oil that was spilled from the BP Deepwater Horizon drilling platform off the Gulf of Mexico just a few months ago has been quite controversial, due to the presence of more aggressive t-butanol and/or hydrocarbon carrier fluids in the formulations. There is a continuing search for more environmentally responsible oil dispersant formulations, since oil spills from offshore platforms are expected to continue to occur in the future. A tabulation of various dispersants registered in the USEPA website (http://www.epa.gov), their effectiveness and toxicities is shown in Table 18.1.
Chromosome systems of the Eriococcidae (Coccoidea-Homoptera): I. A survey of several genera

A survey of chromosome systems in the Eriococcidae shows that many of them are intermediates between two systems occurring elsewhere in the coccids. These two systems differ in the number of paternal chromosomes which remain heterochromatic during spermatogenesis and are then discarded. In the lecanoid system, all are discarded; in the Comstockiella system only one, the DH chromosome is discarded. Evolutionary steps from the lecanoid to the Comstockiella systems had previously been postulated with the intermediates having from n-1 down to 2 chromosomes remaining heterochromatic during spermatogenesis. The transition was believed to be reversible and the systems therefore inherently unstable. Most of the armored scales with Comstockiella systems have not shown intermediacy but one case has been recently reported. The eriococcids as a family are characteristically intermediate with frequently extreme variation from cyst to cyst in number of chromosomes remaining heterochromatic. Species with an unmodified Comstockiella system may occur but are in a minority. One unanticipated system is reported for two species, the “complete” Comstockiella system in which all the heterochromatic chromosomes are reversed at spermatogenesis; this system is also theoretically unstable. Indirect evidence for the great antiquity of the eriococcids is presented, and the question raised as to the maintenance of instability over several epochs. Comparative cytology may provide part of the answer to this question. The most common, and probably the basic diploid chromosome number of the eriococcids is 18, with a range from 12 to 28 and about 48; decreases in number are more frequent than increases.
Problems and Opportunities

Abstract FIRST I would like to express to President Harlow the thanks of the Poultry Science Association for the marvelous reception our Association has enjoyed at West Virginia University. Hosting a scientific society annual meeting is truly a tremendous task as I learned some years ago at the University of Missouri. The facilities provided us are more than adequate and the staff have been outstanding in their efforts on our behalf. An initial comment may be in order with respect to the title of today’s presentation. When I reviewed topics of potential interest, it soon became evident that the concerns my predecessors have expressed to you regarding the critical issues facing the Poultry Science Association were indeed justified. Events occurring during the past year and trends identified for the future make it mandatory that we give further attention today to a series of issues facing our Association. This then is the . . .
Linking Leadership Development to Strategy at Ericsson

This chapter tells the story of how Ericsson—a high-technology, global telecommunications company—used executive education to support implementation of a new strategy. The chapter focuses on how a common model, language, and set of tools for strategy development—embedded in Ericsson and introduced by a new executive education program developed by the Columbia University Business School, Executive Education—drove organizational learning and developed leaders and networks that could better implement the company’s new strategy. Executive education was leveraged to build internal alignment among leaders, engage their commitment to the new strategy, and put structures, processes, and mechanisms in place to drive the new strategy throughout the company.
Abdominal massage may decrease gastric residual volumes and abdominal circumference in critically ill patients

Commentary on : Kahraman BB, Ozdemir L. The impact of abdominal massage administered to intubated and enterally fed patients on the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized controlled study. Int J Nurs Stud 2015;52:519–24.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Bowel dysfunction is common in the critically ill, affecting up to 50% of patients.1 Although early enteral feeding is a primary recommendation for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients it may also be considered a risk factor for aspiration … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DInt%2BJ%2BNurs%2BStud%26rft.volume%253D52%26rft.spage%253D519%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.ijnurstu.2014.11.001%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25498742%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.001&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=25498742&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F19%2F3%2F76.atom
Assessment of the Gains and Benefits of Green Roofs in Different Climates

Abstract Different geographical locations and different climates provide different benefits to adding a green roof. The research question is whether a green roof's purpose and efficacy is affected by different climates, or even same climates but different geographical locations. The independent variables that must be considered are climate and location, which are relevant from the standpoint of policies that drive adoption. The method is a literature analysis/meta-analysis in which similar studies are compared/contrasted with respect to their findings. The outcome is a determination of (a) whether there are differences; and (b) possible factors influencing those differences. The impact will be to (a) understand the factors influencing policy planning, and (b) develop policies to encourage the diffusion of this technology in locations and contexts where it will be most effective.
Analysis of Storm Events (and Interstorm Dry Periods)

In the East Sahel, it is important to know whether monsoon rains occur over extended periods of contiguous days or are episodic in nature. Not only are the statistics of storm duration important for proper water management, but also statistics on the intervals between storms—intraseasonal and interannual dry periods. Storm statistics reported here for three study sites in the East Sahel accord well with results reported by others for elsewhere in the Sahel. There are typically 33 storm events annually at Gedaref (GED), 20 events at Kassala (KAS), and 11 events at Khartoum (KHA); their respective mean storm totals are 18 mm (GED), 13 mm (KAS) and 12 mm (KHA). Statistical metrics on storm total and duration are derived from the percentage of the annual number of storms and from the percentage of the annual total rainfall that each storm contributes. Much like what is reported for the West Sahel, there are significantly more smaller events than larger ones at these three East Sahel stations; however, it is the fewer, larger storms that deliver the greater percentage of the annual total rainfall. Storm totals greater than 50 mm are an important class of extreme events, with approximately 5 % of the storm events at these stations falling into this category. Such extreme events tend to occur between Day 150 and Day 300 of the calendar year. Although there appears to be little tendency for storms to cluster at particular times of the season, their temporal center of mass tends to fall in the July to August sector. Interstorm dry periods during the monsoon or growing season commonly exceed 20 days. Interannual dry periods between the monsoons at GED exceed 200 days approximately 25 % of the time (one out of 4 years), 230 days at KAS, and 250 days at KHA.
Generalized Subspace-based Algorithms For Blind Channel Estimation In Cyclic Prefix Systems

In this paper a novel generalization of subspace- based blind channel identification methods in cyclic prefix (CP) systems is proposed. For the generalization, a new system parameter called repetition index is introduced whose value is unity for previously reported special cases. By choosing a repetition index larger than unity, the number of received blocks needed for blind identification is significantly reduced compared to all previously reported methods. This feature makes it more realistic especially in wireless environments where the channel state is usually fast-varying. Given the number of received blocks available, the minimum value of repetition index is derived. Theoretical limit allows the proposed method to perform blind identification using only three received blocks. Simulation results not only demonstrate the capability of the algorithm to perform blind identification using fewer received blocks, but also show that in some cases system performance can be improved by choosing a repetition index larger than needed. If the number of received blocks and the repetition index are optimally chosen, the proposed method outperforms previously reported special cases, especially in time-varying channel environments.
Effects of Cell Phone Conversations on Driver Performance While Driving Under Highway Monotony

It has often been suggested by individuals that engaging in a cell phone conversation would help keep them awake under monotonous conditions where task underload might lead to a decrease in arousal. To further extend laboratory findings of performance in vigilance type tasks while distracted, a monotonous highway driving scenario was designed to test the anecdotal hypothesis of improved performance. Driver performance related to lane keeping and recall memory were studied under distracted and non-distracted conditions. Results of the simulator study were consistent with laboratory findings of performance decrement when dual tasking indicating that the perceived benefits from the secondary conversational task does not outweigh its costs.
Criminal Behavior and Self-Control: Using the Dual Component Theory of Inhibition Regulation to Advance Self-Control and Crime Research

Predicting crime remains a central issue for social science research. Perspectives that consider the role of self-control have added greatly to our ability to explain and predict criminal behavior. However, this approach has been narrowly focused on the role of individual differences in trait self-control, limiting the potential of this approach to integrate a range of findings in the literature. To realize the full potential of the self-control construct to explain criminal behavior, we use the Dual Component Theory of Inhibition Regulation (DCTIR). We discuss how the model can account for a number of findings, including patterns of recidivism, age differences, and the role of socioeconomic factors in crime. The DCTIR provides a framework for integrating these findings, generating new predictions, and ultimately better predicting criminal behavior.
Short-term electricity load forecasting with Time Series Analysis

Load forecasting plays a fundamental role throughout all segments of system health management for utility companies, including, but not limited to, financial planning, rate design, power system operation, and electrical grid maintenance. Recently, due to the deployment of Smart Grid technologies, utility companies' ability to create accurate forecasts is of even greater importance, especially in consideration of demand response programs, charging of plug-in electric vehicles, and use of distributed energy resources. In this paper, several time series Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models will be introduced for the purpose of generating forecasts of short-term load demand, at an hourly interval, based on data made available by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). The case study which expands on the short-term data analyzed in [1] includes over 100,000 data points representing electricity load in Texas recorded over the past 14 years.
Fostering environmental citizenship: the motivations and outcomes of civic recreation

What is the role of civic recreation – recreation-based volunteering – in the human–nature relationship? Through a mixed-method research design, this article investigates what motivates outdoor rec...
Macroscopy of the Fundus Periphery

The fundus periphery encompasses the peripheral retina, the posterior portion of the ciliary body, and related structures. Clinical interpretation of abnormalities affecting this portion of the eye in general and the peripheral retina in particular requires accurate knowledge of topography, common developmental variations, significant degenerations, and the manifestations of specific diseases.
Short‐term efficacy and nontarget effects of aerial glyphosate applications for controlling Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) in oak‐hickory forests of Eastern Missouri, U.S.A.

Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) is a non-native species that has invaded forest stands throughout the eastern United States. This research examined using aerially applied glyphosate in autumn 2013 to control L. maackii in oak-hickory forest stands in Missouri, U.S.A. We targeted the spraying time period when L. maackii was still green and most native plants were dormant. Across treatment units, the mean difference in L. maackii stem density significantly declined (p = 0.004) by 5.4 stems per plot from spring 2013 to summer 2014 when compared to control units which increased by 1.8 stems per plot. Treated units with a high initial infestation level of L. maackii (>50% cover) had a significant (p = 0.004) decline in the mean difference in L. maackii cover of −50.0% per plot between spring 2013 and summer 2014 compared to an average increase of 9.2% in the controls. Similar results were found for treated units with a low initial infestation level of L. maackii (10–50% cover). Mortality of native overstory and understory trees post-treatment was negligible. In the ground layer of forest stands with a low initial L. maackii infestation level, native non-spray-sensitive forb cover per plot significantly increased (p = 0.023) relative to controls between summer 2013 and summer 2014 while native spray-sensitive species cover significantly decreased (p = 0.021) during the same period. These results suggest that an aerial application of glyphosate can provide an L. maackii control option, but with trade-offs in compositional shifts in the native ground-layer vegetation.
Application of Sonochemical Activation in Green Synthesis

Abstract The application of ultrasonic irradiation for the activation of chemical reactions, commonly known as sonochemistry, has contributed to the development of a number of processes that are considered to be environmentally benign. The use of ultrasonic waves to activate synthetic processes usually results in shorter reaction times and higher yields and selectivities, namely, cleaner products. This work aims to provide an overview of recent applications that illustrate the use of sonochemistry in the field of green or sustainable synthesis. In the first part of the chapter, organic synthetic processes are surveyed, including applications in aqueous, nonaqueous, or biphasic systems as well as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In the second part of the work, the focus will be on an emerging field, the preparation of nanoparticles.
Adolescent environmental enrichment prevents behavioral and physiological sequelae of adolescent chronic stress in female (but not male) rats

The late adolescent period is characterized by marked neurodevelopmental and endocrine fluctuations in the transition to early adulthood. Adolescents are highly responsive to the external environment, which enhances their ability to adapt and recover from challenges when given nurturing influences, but also makes them vulnerable to aberrant development when exposed to prolonged adverse situations. Female rats are particularly sensitive to the effects of chronic stress in adolescence, which manifests as passive coping strategies and blunted hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) stress responses in adulthood. We sought to intervene by exposing adolescent rats to environmental enrichment (EE) immediately prior to and during chronic stress, hypothesizing that EE would minimize or prevent the long-term effects of stress that emerge in adult females. To test this, we exposed male and female rats to EE on postnatal days (PND) 33-60 and implemented chronic variable stress (CVS) on PND 40-60. CVS consisted of twice-daily unpredictable stressors. Experimental groups included: CVS/unenriched, unstressed/EE, CVS/EE and unstressed/unenriched (n = 10 of each sex/group). In adulthood, we measured behavior in the open field test and forced swim test (FST) and collected blood samples following the FST. We found that environmental enrichment given during the adolescent period prevented the chronic stress-induced transition to passive coping in the FST and reversed decreases in peak adrenocortical responsiveness observed in adult females. Adolescent enrichment had little to no effect on males or unstressed females tested in adulthood, indicating that beneficial effects are specific to females that were exposed to chronic stress.
Analysis of error in time difference of arrival measurements introduced by the motion of satellite-based receivers

This paper presents an analysis of error in time difference of arrival measurements that is introduced by the motion of satellite-based receivers. A qualitative description of this error is given. Then an analysis is presented considering several example scenarios. The effects of sampling frequency, transmit frequency, accumulation time, the satellites' positions across the pass, and other effects are explored.
Cascaded and resonant SRAM supply boosting for ultra-low voltage cognitive IoT applications

To enable ultra-low power cognitive IoT systems, we present novel supply boosting techniques allowing low voltage SRAM. These techniques include enhancements at both the device and circuit levels. A new 14nm SOI test chip employing the techniques shows functional 8T SRAM down to 0.24V. We also show how supply boosting can lead to lower voltage operation of cognitive IoT applications using an example of a neural network running the MNIST benchmark.
Alternative Carrier Solvents for Pigments Extracted from Spalting Fungi.

The use of both naturally occurring and synthetic pigmented wood has been prevalent in woodcraft for centuries. Modern manifestations generally involve either woodworkers’ aniline dyes, or pigments derived from a special class of fungi known as spalting fungi. While fungal pigments are more renewable than anilines and pose less of an environmental risk, the carrier required for these pigments—dichloromethane (DCM)—is both problematic for humans and tends to only deposit the pigments on the surface of wood instead of evenly within the material. Internal coloration of wood is key to adoption of a pigmenting system by woodworkers. To address this issue, five solvents that had moderate solubility with the pigments extracted from Chlorociboria aeruginosa and Scytalidium cuboideum were identified, in the hopes that a reduction in solubility would result in a greater amount of the pigment deposited inside the wood. Of the tested solvents, acetonitrile was found to produce the highest internal color in ash, Douglas-fir, madrone, mountain hemlock, Port-Orford cedar, Pacific silver fir, red alder and sugar maple. While these carrier solvents are not ideal for extracting the pigments from the fungi, acetonitrile in particular does appear to allow for more pigment to be deposited within wood. The use of acetonitrile over DCM offers new opportunities for possible industrial spalting applications, in which larger pieces of wood could be uniformly pigmented and sold to the end user in larger quantities than are currently available with spalted wood.
Liposome Encapsulated Hemoglobin; In-Vivo Efficacy of a Synthetic Red Cell Substitute

The encapsulation of hemoglobin within liposomes is one strategy toward the development of an oxygen-carrying resuscitative fluid. The current status of the liposome encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) project has evolved from considerations of production methods and in-vivo efficacy. Currently, LEH can be manufactured in large scale (liter quantities) using high pressure sheer and is comprised of 50 mole percent distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, 38% cholesterol, 10% dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, and 2% alpha-tocopherol with the encapsulation of bovine hemoglobin. Previous efforts to ascertain LEH efficacy have focused on circulation persistence in total isovolemic exchange transfusion models. More recently we have concentrated on introducing clinically relevant doses of LEH to investigate the hemodynamic, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic consequences of LEH normovolemic infusion. Studies with radiolabeled LEH also reveal circulation persistence and biodistribution of LEH in the rabbit with the majority of LEH accumulation over 24 hours in the liver and spleen, primary organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Pathology studies of mice given LEH and sacrificed up to 4 weeks after infusion show that LEH is handled by the RES and cleared, with normal organ histology observed at 1–2 weeks.
The Medical and Neurological Diagnostic Process

Organic disorders, which secondarily affect learning, can be identified through careful history, physical examination, and laboratory investigation. Support for those developmental disorders of the nervous system called learning disabilities can be obtained through detailed family and personal developmental history, quantitative neurologic examination, and diagnostic studies. Social, emotional problems commonly complicate both groups of disorders but may be directly induced by anomalous brain development. An approach to distinguishing these differential mechanisms from primary psychiatric disorders is given.