cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field Comparison of Chemical Attractants and Traps for Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Florida Citrus

Field studies in citrus were conducted to compare the following as attractants for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew): torula yeast–borax; propylene glycol (10%); a two-component lure consisting of ammonium acetate and putrescine; a two-component lure consisting of ammonium bicarbonate and putrescine; and a three-component lure consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine hydrochloride, and putrescine. Various combinations of these attractants in glass McPhail, plastic McPhail-type (Multi-Lure), and sticky panel traps were investigated in two replicated studies. In one study on wild flies, the most effective and least complex trap–lure combination tested was the Multi-Lure with propylene glycol baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine. This trap–lure combination captured significantly more female and male flies than the standard glass McPhail baited with torula yeast–borax in water. All of the trap–lure combinations were female biased, with an overall average of 80.8% (SEM 1.4) flies captured being female. A second study on laboratory-reared, irradiated flies indicated no significant differences among these trap–lure combinations with respect to number of flies recaptured, although rankings based on mean number of flies recovered per trap per day supported results of the first study. The percentage of flies recaptured that were female (83.0%, SEM 0.9) was statistically the same as in the first study. Weekly percentage recovery of flies during the second study was low, possibly due to our fly release strategy. Future release/recovery studies with laboratory-reared flies would benefit from some basic research on release strategies by using different trap densities and on relating recapture rates of laboratory-reared flies (nonsterile and sterile) to capture rates of wild flies.
Removal of Heavy Metal Enzyme Inhibitors

Protection of immobilized enzyme activity by removal of heavy metal enzyme inhibitors from enzyme reactor feed streams has been studied with a recently developed heavy metal selective adsorbent. Enzyme protection from mercury-caused inhibition was demonstrated for the enzymes glucose isomerase, alcohol dehydrogenase and the lactases from Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces fragilis. The adsorbent, which contains thiol groups covalently bound to a porous inorganic matrix, forms tight complexes with mercury. Mathematical simulation and experimental confirmation of adsorbent kinetics and column performance indicated that mercury adsorption on the adsorbent proceeds by a “progressive shell” mechanism. The simulation was used to project adsorbent performance for large-scale enzyme protection.
Regional assessment of the Eagle Ford Group of South Texas, USA: Insights from lithology, pore volume, water saturation, organic richness, and productivity correlations

AbstractA comprehensive regional investigation of the Eagle Ford Shale linking productivity to porosity-thickness (PHIH), lithology (Vclay), pore volume (PHIT), organic matter (TOC), and water-saturation (SW) variations has not been presented to date. Therefore, isopach maps across the Eagle Ford Shale play west of the San Marcos Arch were constructed using thickness and log-calculated attributes such as TOC, Vclay, SW, and porosity to identify sweet spots and spatial distribution of these geologic characteristics that influence productivity in shale plays. The Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas is an organic-rich, calcareous mudrock deposited during a second-order transgression of global sea level on a carbonate-dominated shelf updip from the older Sligo and Edwards (Stuart City) reef margins. Lithology and organic-matter deposition were controlled by fluvial input from the Woodbine delta in the northeast, upwelling along the Cretaceous shelf edge, and volcanic and clastic input from distan...
Risks to Professionals Who Work With Troubled and Alienated Parent-Child Relationships

ABSTRACTWorking with children who have irrationally rejected a parent is an emerging area of practice with unique risks. The dynamics that drive false allegations about a parent also drive accusations against professionals who participate in a process to reunify the children with that parent. This article discusses protective measures to reduce risks of false accusations, character assassination, harassment, and violence. Recommendations are offered for organizations charged with investigating complaints. Agencies that do an inadequate job of handling such complaints may harm the public by driving innovators from the field and reducing the availability of programs that have helped many families.
Validation of SplitVectors Encoding for Quantitative Visualization of Large-Magnitude-Range Vector Fields

We designed and evaluated SplitVectors, a new vector field display approach to help scientists perform new discrimination tasks on large-magnitude-range scientific data shown in three-dimensional (3D) visualization environments. SplitVectors uses scientific notation to display vector magnitude, thus improving legibility. We present an empirical study comparing the SplitVectors approach with three other approaches - direct linear representation, logarithmic, and text display commonly used in scientific visualizations. Twenty participants performed three domain analysis tasks: reading numerical values (a discrimination task), finding the ratio between values (a discrimination task), and finding the larger of two vectors (a pattern detection task). Participants used both mono and stereo conditions. Our results suggest the following: (1) SplitVectors improve accuracy by about 10 times compared to linear mapping and by four times to logarithmic in discrimination tasks; (2) SplitVectors have no significant differences from the textual display approach, but reduce cluttering in the scene; (3) SplitVectors and textual display are less sensitive to data scale than linear and logarithmic approaches; (4) using logarithmic can be problematic as participants’ confidence was as high as directly reading from the textual display, but their accuracy was poor; and (5) Stereoscopy improved performance, especially in more challenging discrimination tasks.
Symposium The Dismal (Delusional and Dangerous) “Science” of Economics and the “Capture” of Public Administration: Yearning for Something Better: How Much Change Can We Expect?

Many people worldwide were relieved when the Bush administration left office. The promise of change suggested that a long, unpleasant period was ending and something better was imminent. However, societal systems tend to resist change, and it can be illusory. One way to think about change today is to contrast a vision of a global market paradise with the idea of a mature one-dimensional society in which the economic market paradigm crowds out knowledge of alternatives. This may help in evaluating whether current change is significant and lasting or transitory and superficial. This essay considers what people in public administration might do during what appears to be a time of both promise and potential disappointment.
Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Transition Experiments in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel

This paper reports progress from six different projects studying hypersonic boundarylayer transition. Efforts to measure instabilities in the wake of an isolated roughness element in the laminar nozzle-wall boundary layer of the BAM6QT are on-going. A new set of instabilities have been measured when the roughness is at a height that causes incipient transition within the measurement range. The second project tested a method of calibrating temperature-sensitive paints using Schmidt-Boelter heat transfer gauges. A 7-deg half-angle cone was tested at 0-deg angle of attack and the heat transfer compared well with theory. A forward-facing cavity was used to identify the critical depth where self-sustaining oscillations begin. This was found to be about 1.2 cavity diameters. A shock tube is being constructed at Purdue to calibrate PCB-132 sensors. The tube will create clean, weak shocks of a magnitude similar to a second-mode wave in a wind tunnel, allowing accurate calibrations for instability measurements. A flared cone was tested in the BAM6QT, and showed natural transition under fully quiet flow. The streamwise vortices visible on the surface of the cone were found to be body fixed. A blunt 3-deg half-angle cone was tested with various distributed and isolated roughness elements.
Controlled Radical Polymerization of 4-Vinylimidazole

We report the unprecedented controlled radical polymerization of 4-vinylimidazole (4VIM). Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) of 4VIM in glacial acetic acid afforded homopolymers with well-defined molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indices (PDIs). The polymerizations in acetic acid mediated with 4-cyano-4-(ethylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl)pentanoic acid (CEP) displayed linear pseudo-first-order kinetics and linear molecular weight growth with monomer conversion. Systematic variation of numerous polymerization parameters included solvent composition, initiator concentration, monomer concentration, and the calculated degree of polymerization. Aqueous size exclusion chromatography (SEC) confirmed linear molecular weight growth to number-average molecular weights (Mn) of 65 000 g/mol with low PDIs (<1.20). Subsequent monomer addition confirmed the presence of the trithiocarbonate functionality at the chain ends, which provided further evidence of controlled polymerization conditi...
Critical Program Elements in Transition to Adulthood: Comparative Analysis of New York State and the NLTS2

Access to effective and comprehensive transition programming is pivotal to transition of youth with disabilities to work and independent living. Successful programs often blend key ingredients, including individualized educational planning, career development, work experiences in secondary school, and interagency partnerships/collaborations. Through a comparative analysis of the New York State transition program data, and the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2) data, this study empirically demonstrated the simultaneous contributions of various transition program elements to student postsecondary outcomes using mediation models. In addition, the technique of using propensity score analysis for balancing the two comparison cohorts, applied in this study, contributes to the arsenal of analytical techniques for evaluating the impact of transition to adulthood programs.
SETI Snack Attack: Lessons Learned from the Pearl Harbor Hoax

On December 7, 2002 (a date that will live in infamy), the nonprofit SETI League received a terse email from a person not known to us, reporting the apparent detection at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii of a microwave signal of intelligent extraterrestrial origin. During the following twenty hours our members analyzed the claim, corresponded with the claimant, attempted (unsuccessfully) to independently verify the signal, and ultimately unmasked the claim as completely fraudulent. This episode gave the SETI community its first opportunity for real-time application of the Rio Scale, an analytical tool for quantifying the societal impact of a claimed SETI detection. The Pearl Harbor Hit started out at a one on the zero-toten ordinal Rio Scale, rose to a high of four, and then quickly fell to its ultimate value of zero, validating the utility of the Rio Scale. The Rio Scale is more fully explained on the IAA SETI Permanent Study Group website, at . INTRODUCTION: THE FIRST EMAIL At 0841 hours UTC on Saturday, 7 December 2002, while I slept (it being 0341 hours in the eastern US), a terse and cryptic email was sent to a public information email address at SETI League headquarters. Its subject line read: “Check Signal--Read Me Please!!!!!” ______________________________________ Copyright © 2003 by H. Paul Shuch. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Released to IAF/IAA/AIAA to publish in all forms. and the entire text of the message was: “20hr51'53 RA +9deg43'47"dec 1.420957031 GHz +-1.12217 MHz Found Carrier and Intelligence-NO SATELLITES ALOFT in location-Not congruent with ISS orbit. Filter pulsar interference, what remains appears to be an audio waveform.” The email address to which the above message was sent is normally routed to the Secretary of The SETI League, Inc. However, as it happens, our Secretary was on holiday in Australia at the time, so the message forwarded to me. However, I did not actually see it until awakening perhaps two and one half hours later. Although the message came from a nonmember, a person not known to The SETI League, owing to the inevitable delay in receipt of the email (and because I found its implications intriguing), it was decided to immediately initiate an analysis and verification attempt.
Transfusion experiments in dogs showing artificially implanted tumors

Direct transfusion of the whole blood from immune dogs to dogs with actively growing, artificially implanted tumors has been carried out upon a series of six animals. The operative method of this transfusion is the same as has been used by one of us in a large series of experiments previously reported in the proceedings of this society.1 In the first set of three, sufficient time has elapsed to determine the outcome, and we give below brief data of each experiment in this series.I. Dog 116. Planted Jan. 7, 1907. Tumors were first seen on Feb. 20; continued to grow slowly. March 20, transfusion experiment — dog was bled 400 c.c. and immediately transfused with 550 c.c. of blood from dog 244, in which implantation had occurred on Jan. 18th; tumors were first noticed on Feb. 6th, and had continued to grow until Feb. 20th, when they began to regress. Regression complete March 7th. Three days after transfusion, dog 244 was again planted with tumor. Four plants were made with positive results in three and tumor...
Effect of Dielectric Electrical Conductivity on the Characteristics of Micro Electro-Discharge Machining Plasma and Material Removal

In micro electro-discharge machining (micro-EDM), it is believed that electrical conductivity of the dielectric modified by additives plays an important role in discharge initiation and electrical breakdown, thereby affecting the process characteristics including process accuracy, material removal rate (MRR), and surface finish. However, there has been a lack of systematic efforts to evaluate the effect of dielectric conductivity in micro-EDM. This paper investigates the role of electrical conductivity of the dielectric on the breakdown, plasma characteristics, and material removal in micro-EDM via modeling and experimentation. Experiments have been carried out at four levels of electrical conductivity of saline water, i.e., 4 μS/cm, 362 μS/cm, 1106 μS/cm, and 4116 μS/cm, to study electrical breakdown of the dielectric and resulting craters. A global modeling approach is employed to model the micro-EDM plasma in saline water and predict the effect of dielectric conductivity on electron density, plasma temperature, heat flux to anode, plasma resistance, and discharge energy. It is found from both experiments and model-based simulations that increase in the dielectric conductivity facilitates the electrical breakdown of the dielectric by lowering the minimum breakdown potential at a given interelectrode gap. Experimental results also show increase in the volume of material removed per discharge when dielectric conductivity is increased, which is attributed to the increase in anode heat flux predicted by the micro-EDM plasma model. The model also predicts increase in electron density, decrease in plasma resistance, and decrease in discharge energy as the dielectric conductivity increases.
Olanzapine versus fosaprepitant for the prevention of concurrent chemotherapy radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

BACKGROUND Concurrent chemotherapy radiation therapy may result in significant nausea and vomiting. There have been few studies reporting effective interventions for preventing treatment-related nausea and vomiting. OBJECTIVE To compare olanzapine with fosaprepitant for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving concurrent highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck or esophageal cancer. METHODS 120 chemotherapy and radiotherapy naive patients with head and neck cancer who were receiving concurrent local radiation and cisplatin were randomized to receive either olanzapine or fosaprepitant in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiation-induced nausea and vomiting. The olanzapine, palonosetron, dexamethasone (OPD) regimen was 10 mg oral olanzapine , 0.25 mg IV palonosetron, and 20 mg IV dexamethasone before chemotherapy on day 1, and 10 mg/day of oral olanzapine before chemotherapy on days 2-4. The fosaprepitant, palonosetron, dexamethasone (FPD) regimen was 150 mg IV fosaprepitant, 0.25 mg IV palonosetron, and 12 mg IV dexamethasone before chemotherapy on day 1, and 4 mg dexamethasone PO BID, before chemotherapy days 2 and 3. RESULTS 101 of the 120 patients were evaluable. In 51 patients who received the OPD regimen, the complete response (CR; no emesis, no rescue medication) rate was 88% for the acute period (24 h after chemotherapy), 76% for the delayed period (days 2-5), and 76% for the overall period (0-120 h). In 50 patients who received the FPD regimen, the CR was 84% acute, 74% delayed, and 74% overall (𝑃 > .01 for all periods). Patients with no nausea (0, on a scale 0-10, visual analogue scale) were: OPD: 86% acute, 71% delayed, 71% overall; FPD: 78% acute, 40% delayed, 40% overall (𝑃 > .01 for acute; 𝑃 < .01 for delayed and overall) There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities. CONCLUSIONS CR was similar for OPD and FPD; nausea in the delayed and overall periods was signifcantly improved with OPD compared with FPD (𝑃 < .01).
Adhesion and friction of dry-coated nano-rough particles

Abstract The adhesion and friction properties of two contacting surfaces with nanoscale roughness, which are formed by depositing nanoparticles (guest particles) on the surfaces of micro-sized particles (host particles), are investigated. Previous mechanistic contact models for nano-rough surfaces examined the influence of the surface area coverage (SAC) under several limiting assumptions and also did not consider the impact of SAC on frictional forces. In this work, the impact of dominant contacts is examined via simulations and a probabilistic contact model. Simulation results, capturing the main features observed in the physical experiments, indicate that depending on the extent of SAC by nanoparticles, the adhesion and friction forces can be dominated by the host-host (HH), host-guest (HG), or guest-guest (GG) contacts. In contrast to the previous deterministic model, these transitions are smoother and the critical SAC for the transition to GG contacts from HG contacts is lower than previously reported values. Moreover, the existence of optimal SAC leads to the minimum adhesion and friction forces. Then a probabilistic model capable of predicting the probabilities of HH, HG, and GG contacts as a function of the SAC is proposed and formulated. The theoretical predictions match well with the numerical simulation results.
A high-content image-based method for quantitatively studying context-dependent cell population dynamics

Tumor progression results from a complex interplay between cellular heterogeneity, treatment response, microenvironment and heterocellular interactions. Existing approaches to characterize this interplay suffer from an inability to distinguish between multiple cell types, often lack environmental context, and are unable to perform multiplex phenotypic profiling of cell populations. Here we present a high-throughput platform for characterizing, with single-cell resolution, the dynamic phenotypic responses (i.e. morphology changes, proliferation, apoptosis) of heterogeneous cell populations both during standard growth and in response to multiple, co-occurring selective pressures. The speed of this platform enables a thorough investigation of the impacts of diverse selective pressures including genetic alterations, therapeutic interventions, heterocellular components and microenvironmental factors. The platform has been applied to both 2D and 3D culture systems and readily distinguishes between (1) cytotoxic versus cytostatic cellular responses; and (2) changes in morphological features over time and in response to perturbation. These important features can directly influence tumor evolution and clinical outcome. Our image-based approach provides a deeper insight into the cellular dynamics and heterogeneity of tumors (or other complex systems), with reduced reagents and time, offering advantages over traditional biological assays.
Predict drug permeability to blood-brain-barrier from clinical phenotypes: drug side effects and drug indications.

Motivation: Blood–Brain-Barrier (BBB) is a rigorous permeability barrier for maintaining homeostasis of Central Nervous System (CNS). Determination of compound’s permeability to BBB is prerequisite in CNS drug discovery. Existing computational methods usually predict drug BBB permeability from chemical structure and they generally apply to small compounds passing BBB through passive diffusion. As abundant information on drug side effects and indications has been recorded over time through extensive clinical usage, we aim to explore BBB permeability prediction from a new angle and introduce a novel approach to predict BBB permeability from drug clinical phenotypes (drug side effects and drug indications). This method can apply to both small compounds and macro-molecules penetrating BBB through various mechanisms besides passive diffusion. Results: We composed a training dataset of 213 drugs with known brain and blood steady-state concentrations ratio and extracted their side effects and indications as features. Next, we trained SVM models with polynomial kernel and obtained accuracy of 76.0%, AUC 0.739, and F1 score (macro weighted) 0.760 with Monte Carlo cross validation. The independent test accuracy was 68.3%, AUC 0.692, F1 score 0.676. When both chemical features and clinical phenotypes were available, combining the two types of features achieved significantly better performance than chemical feature based approach (accuracy 85.5% versus 72.9%, AUC 0.854 versus 0.733, F1 score 0.854 versus 0.725; P < e−90). We also conducted de novo prediction and identified 110 drugs in SIDER database having the potential to penetrate BBB, which could serve as start point for CNS drug repositioning research. Availability and Implementation: https://github.com/bioinformatics-gao/CASE-BBB-prediction-Data Contact: ude.esac@xxr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ℋ ∞ state-feedback control of linear systems with time-varying input delays

In this paper, we will address the state-feedback control synthesis problem for linear systems with time-varying input delays under the integral quadratic constraint (IQC) framework. A new exact-memory control scheme is first proposed, which consists of a standard linear state-feedback control law and an internal delay loop. The delay loop is embedded in the controller structure so as to reproduce the input delay behavior of the plant. With this controller structure, the resulting delay control synthesis problem is fully characterized by a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which are convex on all design variables including the scaling factors associated with the IQC multipliers. The corresponding results on memoryless state-feedback control are also derived for cases when input-delay information is not available for feedback control. A numerical example has been used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A combined APT and SANS investigation of α′ phase precipitation in neutron-irradiated model FeCrAl alloys ☆

Abstract FeCrAl alloys are currently under consideration for accident-tolerant fuel cladding applications in light water reactors owing to their superior high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance compared to the Zr-based alloys currently employed. However, their performance could be limited by precipitation of a Cr-rich α ′ phase that tends to embrittle high-Cr ferritic Fe-based alloys. In this study, four FeCrAl model alloys with 10–18 at.% Cr and 5.8–9.3 at.% Al were neutron-irradiated to nominal damage doses up to 7.0 displacements per atom at a target temperature of 320 °C. Small angle neutron scattering techniques were coupled with atom probe tomography to assess the composition and morphology of the resulting α ′ precipitates. It was demonstrated that Al additions partially destabilize the α ′ phase, generally resulting in precipitates with lower Cr contents when compared with binary Fe-Cr systems. The precipitate morphology evolution with dose exhibited a transient coarsening regime akin to previously observed behavior in aged Fe-Cr alloys. Similar behavior to predictions of the LSW/UOKV models suggests that α ′ precipitation in irradiated FeCrAl is a diffusion-limited process with coarsening mechanisms similar to those in thermally aged high-Cr ferritic alloys.
The Esophagogastric Junction, Reflux, and Esophageal Atresia

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) appears normal at birth in patients born with esophageal atresia (EA), even when the lower esophageal segment is very small and poorly formed. Here we discuss the normal mechanism of the LES and the role of the crural diaphragm in its function and how this mechanism is disrupted by esophageal surgery especially in the setting of long-gap EA repair. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in such patients is related to shortening of the esophagus and hiatal hernia and to the poor clearance of the lower esophagus of acid refluxate. Transient relaxation of the LES is related to pathological GER in otherwise normal individuals but it is not clear whether it contributes as a mechanism for GER in patients with EA. In patients with EA the fundoplication wrap does improve GER but can worsen the obstruction that naturally exists at the LES of such patients. Fundoplication remains the main treatment for GER in patients with EA by reducing the hiatal hernia and bringing the LES back into the abdominal cavity. These problems can occur in patients after EA repair even into adult life and therefore long-term surveillance is necessary.
Housing Experiences among Opioid-Dependent, Criminal Justice-Involved Individuals in Washington, D.C.

Residential mobility and type of housing contributes to an individual’s likelihood and frequency of drug/alcohol use and committing criminal offenses. Little research has focused simultaneously on the influence of housing status on the use of drugs and criminal behavior. The present study examines how residential mobility (transitions in housing) and recent housing stability (prior 30 days) correlates with self-reported criminal activity and drug/alcohol use among a sample of 504 addicted, treatment-seeking opioid users with a history of criminal justice involvement. Findings suggest that those with a greater number of housing transitions were considerably less likely to self-report criminal activity, and criminal involvement was highest among those who were chronically homeless. Residential mobility was unassociated with days of drug and alcohol use; however, residing in regulated housing (halfway houses and homeless shelters) was associated with a decreased frequency of substance use. The finding that residing at sober-living housing facilities with regulations governing behavior (regulated housing) was associated with a lower likelihood of illicit substance use may suggest that regulated housing settings may influence behavior. Further research in this area should explore how social networks and other related variables moderate the effects of housing type and mobility on crime and substance use.
"Seeing the trees to avoid the harm they may cause: Construal, standard framing, and work safety"

Organizations are complex systems, with unique and unpredictable safety challenges. Analyses of safety policies and practices focusing on the organizational level (e.g., safety climate) may overloo...
COS: A Parallel Performance Model for Dynamic Variations in Processor Speed, Memory Speed, and Thread Concurrency

Highly-parallel, high-performance scientific applications must maximize performance inside of a power envelope while maintaining scalability. Emergent parallel and distributed systems offer a growing number of operating modes that provide unprecedented control of processor speed, memory latency, and memory bandwidth. Optimizing these systems for performance and power requires an understanding of the combined effects of these modes and thread concurrency on execution time. In this paper, we describe how an analytical performance model that separates pure computation time (C) and pure stall time (S) from computation-memory overlap time (O) can accurately capture these combined effects. We apply the COS model to predict the performance of thread and power mode combinations to within 7% and 17% for parallel applications (e.g. LULESH) on Intel x86 and IBM BG/Q architectures, respectively. The key insight of the COS model is that the combined effects of processor and memory throttling and concurrency on overlap trend differently than the combined effects on pure computation and pure stall time. The COS model is novel in that it enables independent approximation of overlap which leads to capabilities and accuracies that are as good or better than the best available approaches.
Broadening measures of success: results of a behavioral health translational research training program.

While some research training programs have considered the importance of mentoring in inspiring professionals to engage in translational research, most evaluations emphasize outcomes specific to academic productivity as primary measures of training program success. The impact of such training or mentoring programs on stakeholders and local community organizations engaged in translational research efforts has received little attention. The purpose of this evaluation is to explore outcomes other than traditional academic productivity in a translational research graduate certificate program designed to pair graduate students and behavioral health professionals in collaborative service-learning projects. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with scholars, community mentors, and academic mentors were conducted regarding a translational research program to identify programmatic impacts. Interviews were transcribed and coded by the research team to identify salient themes related to programmatic outcomes. Results are framed using the Translational Research Impact Scale which is organized into three overarching domains of potential impact: (1) research-related impacts, (2) translational impacts, and (3) societal impacts. This evaluation demonstrates the program’s impact in all three domains of the TRIS evaluation framework. Graduate certificate participants (scholars) reported that gaining experience in applied behavioral health settings added useful skills and expertise to their present careers and increased their interest in pursuing translational research. Scholars also described benefits resulting from networks gained through participation in the program, including valuable ties between the university and community behavioral health organizations. This evaluation of the outcomes of a graduate certificate program providing training in translational research highlights the need for more community-oriented and practice-based measures of success. Encouraging practitioner involvement in translational research is vital to translate knowledge into practice and to enable practice-based needs to inform research and policy. A more flexible approach to measuring programmatic success in research training programs can help bridge the knowledge translation gap.
On the orthogonal superposition of simple shearing and small-strain oscillatory motions

Certain limiting high-and low-frequency relations peculiar to the general Kaye-Bernstein-Kearsley-Zapas single integral constitutive equation are developed for orthogonally superposed simple shearing and small-strain time-sinusoidal shearing. The relations do not hold for a general simple fluid nor for single-integral constitutive equations in which arbitrary dependence of the kernel function on the rates of deformation is allowed. It is shown that solutions of polyisobutylene in cetane (4.4%, 6.8%) and solutions of polyethylene-oxide (0.7%) and J-100 (0.1%) in water obey the relations quite closely.
The Turning Point: Kenyatta and Malcolm MacDonald

A critical analysis of the changes in Kenyatta’s political fortune from “leader to darkness and death” to the West’s most beloved post-colonial African leader. The astute efforts of Malcolm MacDonald, the last British governor of Kenya, who determined that prior judgments by the colonial and British intelligence services about Kenyatta had been mistaken. That Kenyatta was the ideal candidate to take over Kenya as the protector of British settlers and British imperial interests. This chapter also deals with MacDonald’s efforts to facilitate Kenyatta’s reconciliation with hitherto hostile white settlers; to dissolve the main opposition party to strengthen Kenyatta’s conservative politics; to choose an agreeable Cabinet; and to oust radical nationalists from power.
Tunable room-temperature single-photon emission at telecom wavelengths from sp3 defects in carbon nanotubes

Room temperature single photon emissions with ultra-high single photon purity and enhanced emission stability are observed at telecom band from Quantum defects of single-wall carbon nanotubes.
Development and Validation of a Phase-Filtered Moving Ensemble Correlation for Echocardiographic Particle Image Velocimetry.

Abstract A new processing method for echocardiographic particle image velocimetry (EchoPIV) using moving ensemble (ME) correlation with dynamic phase correlation filtering was developed to improve velocity measurement accuracy for routine clinical evaluation of cardiac function. The proposed method was tested using computationally generated echocardiogram images. Error analysis indicated that ME EchoPIV yields a twofold improvement in bias and random error over the current standard correlation method (βPairwise = −0.15 vs. βME = −0.06; σPairwise = 1.00 vs. σME = 0.49). Subsequently a cohort of eight patients with impaired diastolic filling underwent similar evaluation. Comparison of patient EchoPIV velocity time series with corresponding color M-mode velocity time series revealed better agreement for ME EchoPIV compared with standard PIV processing (RME = 0.90 vs. RPairwise = 0.70). Further time series analysis was performed to measure filling propagation velocity and 1-D intraventricular pressure gradients. Comparison against CMM values indicated that both measurements are completely decorrelated for pairwise processing (R2Vp = 0.15, R2IVPD = 0.07), whereas ME processing correlates decently (R2Vp = 0.69, R2IVPD = 0.69). This new approach enables more robust processing of routine clinical scans and can increase the utility of EchoPIV for the assessment of left ventricular function.
A flow cytometry-based in vitro assay reveals that formation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-amyloid beta complexes depends on ApoE isoform and cell type.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a secreted apolipoprotein with three isoforms, E2, E3, and E4, that binds to lipids and facilitates their transport in the extracellular environment of the brain and the periphery. The E4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for the sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and studies of human brain and mouse models have revealed that E4 significantly exacerbates the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ). It has been suggested that this deposition could be attributed to the formation of soluble ApoE isoform–specific ApoE–Aβ complexes. However, previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the directionality and strength of those interactions. In this study, using a series of flow cytometry assays that maintain the physiological integrity of ApoE–Aβ complexes, we systematically assessed the association of Aβ with ApoE2, E3, or E4. We used ApoE secreted from HEK cells or astrocytes overexpressing ApoE fused with a GFP tag. As a source of soluble Aβ peptide, we used synthetic Aβ40 or Aβ42 or physiological Aβ secreted from CHO cell lines overexpressing WT or V717F variant amyloid precursor protein (APP). We observed significant interactions between the different ApoE isoforms and Aβ, with E4 interacting with Aβ more strongly than the E2 and E3 isoforms. We also found subtle differences depending on the Aβ type and the ApoE-producing cell type. In conclusion, these results indicate that the strength of the ApoE–Aβ association depends on the source of Aβ or ApoE.
GENE DOSAGE IN DIPLOID AND TRIPLOID UNISEXUAL FISHES ( Poeciliopsis , POECILIIDAE)

ABSTRACT . Isozyme patterns of diploid and triploid allfemale “species” of fishes of hybrid origin show codominant expression of allelic isozymes characteristic of their parental species. The sexual progenitors of these hybrids, P. monacha and P. lucida , have allelic isozymes (allozymes) of distinctly different electrophoretic mobilities for two gene loci. Isozyme patterns of the monomeric muscle protein (MP 1) in the diploid unisexual-hybrid “species” P. monacha-lucida , reveal expression of both, parental allozymes (allelic isozymes) with approximately equal staining intensities. P. monacha-lucida has a three banded alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pattern composed of the two parental homodimers and a heterodimer of intermediate mobility. Slight deviations from the expected 1:2:1 ratio of isozymes might be due to partial repression of the maternal ADH allele.
Inferring an ideal-point product-market map from consumer panel data

A recent paper (see Elrod (1987)) introduced Choice Map, a model for inferring a product-market map from consumer panel data. Choice Map combines the rationale of random utility models, the parsimony of stochastic brand choice models, and the ability of multidimensional scaling procedures to simultaneously infer brand positions and consumer preferences for attributes from preference (choice) data. In its initial formulation, Choice Map represented consumers by vectors in one or two dimensions.
Anhang. Über die relative osmotische Wirksamkeit der Lösungen verschiedener Stoffe

Ich hatte, wie schon erwahnt, bereits im Jahre 1900 die Beobachtung mitgeteilt, das eine reine Zuckerlosung ebenfalls imstande ist, die Entwicklung des unbefruchteten Seeigeleies anzuregen. Diese Versuche waren von mir deshalb angestellt worden, um zu entscheiden, ob es sich bei der Wirkung der hypertonischen Losungen auf die Entwicklungserregung lediglich um die Wirkung der Wasserentziehung handele, oder ob hierfur noch die Wirkung besonderer Ionen in Betracht kame, wie ich zuerst vermutet hatte. Bei diesen Versuchen hatte es sich schon gezeigt, das die reine Zuckerlosung eine starkere osmotische Wirksamkeit hat, als ihr theoretisch zukommen sollte. Delage, der diese Versuche ubersehen hatte, setzte sich das Ziel, zu zeigen, das man ohne hypertonische Losungen imstande sei, die Seeigeleier zur Entwicklung zu bringen. Sein Bemuhen war gegenstandslos, da dieser Beweis schon durch Lyon und durch meine fruher erwahnten (Kapitel IX) Versuche erbracht war.
TEMPORAL DISSONANCE IN IT WORKERS

IT projects continue to fail too frequently. One reason for these failures is interpersonal and motivational issues in IT workers. One possible cause for these issues is increased temporal dissonance, which causes stress and the ill effects associated with that stress. In this study, we develop a measure of temporal dissonance, and place it in the nomological net. With this measure, temporal dissonance and its possible remedies can be quantified.
Application of a Position Sensitive Scintillation Detector to Nondestructive X-Ray Diffraction Characterization of Metallic Components

A unique instrument for the x-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of crystalline materials has been developed and is being applied to a number of studies of metallic components. The instrument is based upon a unique position sensitive scintillation detector (PSSD) for x-rays. The methodology for the application of this instrument to the single-exposure technique (SET) of x-ray stress measurement is described. A number of applications of the device to residual stress measurement and qualitative cold work damage assessment in metallic components are discussed and data from these applications presented. Also, the application of the PSSD instrument to texture measurement is described.
The Impact of Government on Economic Development and Growth in Pre-Industrial Europe

In pre-industrial Europe, the pace of economic development and growth varied across territories and over time. Much of this variation was due to the changing impact of government on the economies in question. Government affected the economy principally through its command of violence. We therefore begin by exploring the relationship between violence and economic activity and the relationship between government and violence. We then examine in turn the three major channels through which government and its command of violence affected the economy - exaction, peace and order, and association. Lastly, we compare the economic impact of different government regimes. Was weak government or strong government more conducive to economic development and growth?
From Episodic to Chronic: A Discussion on Headache Transformation

A chronic daily headache (CDH) disorder is a very different illness than the more common episodic headache. While the episodic headache patient must cope with the uncertainty of when and where the next attack will occur, the CDH patient is frequently faced with relentless pain. This chapter aims to answer several questions:
Systematic Error Analysis and Calibration of 2-m Temperature for the NCEP GEFS Reforecast of the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) Project

AbstractThe National Centers for Environmental Prediction have generated an 18-yr (1999–2016) subseasonal (weeks 3 and 4) reforecast to support the Climate Prediction Center’s operational mission. ...
Measurement of Cyanobacterial Bloom Magnitude using Satellite Remote Sensing

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are a serious environmental, water quality and public health issue worldwide because of their ability to form dense biomass and produce toxins. Models and algorithms have been developed to detect and quantify cyanoHABs biomass using remotely sensed data but not for quantifying bloom magnitude, information that would guide water quality management decisions. We propose a method to quantify seasonal and annual cyanoHAB magnitude in lakes and reservoirs. The magnitude is the spatiotemporal mean of weekly or biweekly maximum cyanobacteria biomass for the season or year. CyanoHAB biomass is quantified using a standard reflectance spectral shape-based algorithm that uses data from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). We demonstrate the method to quantify annual and seasonal cyanoHAB magnitude in Florida and Ohio (USA) respectively during 2003-2011 and rank the lakes based on median magnitude over the study period. The new method can be applied to Sentinel-3 Ocean Land Color Imager (OLCI) data for assessment of cyanoHABs and the change over time, even with issues such as variable data acquisition frequency or sensor calibration uncertainties between satellites. CyanoHAB magnitude can support monitoring and management decision-making for recreational and drinking water sources.
A Critical Review of Arsenic Contamination in Sri Lankan Foods

Numerous studies have shown growing information indicating the contribution of food to the dietary exposure of arsenic (As) through consumption of different food items in many different regions over the world. However, few review papers with regard to As in Sri Lankan foods are available in databases. Thus, a critical review and assessment of a number of local studies on total As concentrations has been made in rice, fish and fisheries products, vegetables, and other food products from Sri Lanka. From a limited comparison of freshwater fish with two marine species, the tuna and rays have substantially higher total As concentrations than all the freshwater species analyzed. One of the more important findings is that rice, the staple food of the country, is a major contributor to total As exposure of the population. Hence, based on the assessment of available data for total As levels in the various foods analyzed, it is suggested that a shift in a staple food diet of rice to one of maize and multi-cereal grains could lead to a reduction in total As exposure to the general population. Furthermore, important information gaps were identified such as a total lack of corresponding data for total As in Sri Lankan fruit crops, and a major one being the present lack of any information on the various inorganic and organic As species in local foods. Finally, some suggestions are made for giving guidance in agricultural practices which will lead to a reduction in As inputs to the local farmlands. This data compilation and assessment serves as an initial baseline for comparison with As results from future monitoring and research studies in Sri Lanka.
Are we measuring the same health constructs? Amazon’s Mechanical Turk versus a community sample

Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform has increasingly gained popularity because of its affordability and efficiency. The results of studies comparing MTurk respondents to community respondents have been mixed. The purpose of the present study was to compare an MTurk and a community sample to determine whether the psychometric properties of a measure completed in the two different formats were comparable. There were 957 MTurk participants and 837 from the community sample, with approximately equal numbers of males and females. Participants were asked to read a scenario depicting a family with a sick child, and then to complete a questionnaire that measured their perceived likelihood of hiring a Health Care Advocate (HCA). The results indicated some demographic differences between MTurk and community participants. There was an effect of medical condition in the MTurk sample, such that participants were more likely to perceive hiring an HCA for a child with leukemia than cystic fibrosis (p = .008). However, in the community sample, there was an effect of conception difficulty where participants were more likely to perceive hiring an HCA for a child who took 2 months to conceive than 5 years to conceive (p = .012). Despite some psychometric similarities between the two samples, there were some differences in the constructs measured in the two samples. Future researchers should continue to evaluate the reliability and validity of paper-and-pencil measurements for online administration.
Prescription Drug Insurance Plans: Potential Cost Reductions and the Pass-Through of Manufacturer Pharmaceutical Rebates to Premiums

In response to the recent moves to reduce prescription drug expenses and eliminate manufacturer pharmaceutical rebates for Medicare and Medicaid, this research investigates the pass-through of manufacturer pharmaceutical rebates to premiums and examines the potential prescription drug cost reductions through efficiency improvement. The results indicate that eliminating all pharmaceutical rebates but using 50% of the eliminated rebates to lower prescription drug list prices, the premium per member month would increase by $8.6 for the whole comprehensive line, and $19.1 for Medicare Advantage. Using the median efficiency as the efficiency goal, the total cost reductions on hospital/medical expenses, prescription drug expenses, and other expenses are always more than enough to offset any potential premium increases due to the elimination of pharmaceutical rebates, no matter how much of the eliminated rebates are used to lower prescription drug list prices.