cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ABNORMAL BRAIN OPIATE MECHANISMS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Summary The density of opiate and neuroleptic receptors were measured in control and schizophrenic brain tissue. An increased density of neuroleptic receptors were detected in the neostriatum of schizophrenic brain tissue. Decreased levels of opiate receptors were observed in the schizophrenic caudate nucleus, but normal levels were found in the schizophrenic putamen and frontal cortex. In addition, a metabolite of des-tyr-γ-endorphin, β-LPH(66-77) has been demonstrated to interact directly with neuroleptic receptors. These results are discussed in terms of their possible relationship to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Recombination: Generally and Specifically

The purpose of this chapter is to draw together various aspects of recombination as presented in the preceding chapters and enlarge on the molecular mechanisms involved. The first section presents a summary model for general recombination. Subsequent sections consider site-specific recombination in its various manifestations.
Two Conceptions of Democracy

A wide range of subjects comes to mind when we ask about the connections between democracy and knowledge. For example, how far a democratic government should help advance of knowledge through funding research, or through its copyright and patenting polices, or in myriad other ways. Or, a very different question: how far cultural democracy actually helps or hinders the development of knowledge and the dissemination of knowledge through television and other media.
The Situational Interview: Does it Have Predictive Validity

The comments below and in the note that follows it discuss concerns about the situational interview as a job selection tool. Both comments address the article “Improving Selection Outcomes with the...
Portable and power-free serodiagnosis of Chagas disease using magnetic levitating microbeads

This work describes the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies in whole blood solutions using magnetic levitating microbeads (MLμBs). This simple diagnostic method can be easily performed by minimally trained personnel using an inexpensive and portable magnetic stage that requires no electricity. A multiphase test tube containing the MLμBs facilitates the sequential incubation, filtering, and reading of the immunoassays. The diagnostic method starts by adding a blood sample to the top phase of the test tube where the anti-T. cruzi antibodies present in the blood attach to the T. cruzi antigens on the surface of the MLμBs. Shaking the test tube after incubation mixes the top layer with a paramagnetic medium loaded with SiO2 microcrystals. The attachment of SiO2 microcrystals to those MLμBs bound to T. cruzi antibodies decreases their levitation height once the tube is placed between two antialigned permanent magnets. Measuring the levitation height of MLμBs enables the accurate detection and quantification of anti-T. cruzi antibodies in the blood across the clinically relevant range, with a detection limit of 5 μg mL−1. The small size of the test tubes facilitates the simultaneous analysis of over 50 different samples. MLμBs act as partial collimators for non-polarized light, facilitating their visual identification by the naked eye or by projecting incident light on a thin paper screen. A machine-vision algorithm was created to automatically interpret the results of the MLμB tests from a digital image, resulting in a rapid, accurate, and user-friendly assay for Chagas disease that can be used in resource-limited settings.
“We Are Not a Token!”: Cultural Citizenship and Transformational Resistance in Higher Education:

Based on ethnographic and archival research, we explore how 10 students asserted their rights to belong and secure a space where they felt safe at UC Davis. We examine the activities and practices ...
VITAL INVOLVEMENT: A LENS FOR EXPLORING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF GERONTOLOGICAL AI INTERVENTIONS

As described by Erikson et al, Vital Involvement (VI) constitutes both an individual’s meaningful engagement with the environment outside the self, and the essential dynamic that catalyzes an entire life cycle of thematic psychosocial development. In these terms, AI interventions, in general, may be ideally conceptualized as new environmental supports that help elders compensate for existing frailties and disabilities, to maintain healthy individual VI. ECA’s are presented as an intriguing remedy for gerontological problems associated with grief, attachment, loneliness, and isolation. We can understand these problems as reflecting imbalances in the three Eriksonian themes of Trust & Mistrust, Autonomy & Shame/Doubt, and Intimacy & Isolation. This presentation explores elder interaction with Embodied Conversation Agents in terms of these psychosocial themes, posing questions about potential benefits, liabilities, and implications for individual VI and societal ethics.
Inotropes and Vasopressors in the CT ICU: Getting the Mixture Right

Following cardiac surgery many patients require hemodynamic assistance with inotropic or vasoconstrictive support. The most commonly used inotropes are catecholamines, but phosphodiesterase inhibitors or calcium sensitizers have been shown to be effective and indicated in specific patients. For patients with postoperative vasoplegic shock, catecholamines function as vasopressors to increase systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure. In catecholamine resistant shock, vasopressin may be utilized. In severe, life-threatening shock, methylene blue has shown efficacy in improving hemodynamics and decreasing need for vasoconstrictors.
Assessing Writing in CS: A Hands-on Workshop

Although many educators acknowledge the importance of written communication in computer science education, there are a number of challenges to using writing assignments in classes. These include assessing writing effectively and efficiently, especially in larger classes. The workshop will consist of a combination of short presentations, hands-on exercises, and discussion of a number of items related to writing assessment: the role of writing in computer science classes and how different types of assessment apply to different types of writing; how clarifying the goals of writing assignments often leads to better assessment; different techniques, such as rubrics, for grading writing; and strategies --- such as peer review and breaking a substantial writing assignment into a sequence of subassignments --- for scaling writing and its assessment to larger classes.
Critique [of Women, Religion, and Peace in an American Indian Ritual by Kristin Herzog]

The value of Herzog9s study, in addition to the factual information presented, is a tragic reminder of two interrelated truths: 1) by studying history we could learn how to make a better world in which to live; and, 2) we do not learn from history. The women9s movement of recent years has two aspects which do not, for all times, go together. One moving force in its genesis is the demand that physical and emotional abuse and misuse of women by men cease. The other, not necessarily related to the first, is that of equal status, which includes equal access to employment, legal protection, compensation and, less tangibly, human dignity. Herzog presents us in this study with a society which, in its idealized form, represents an “attempt to balance the powers between the sexes.” What men and women did was not deemed the same, but men and women had parallel significant voices.
Thermal damage thresholds for multiple-pulse porcine skin laser exposures at 1070 nm.

As solid-state laser technology continues to mature, high-energy lasers operating in the near-infrared (NIR) band have seen increased utilization in manufacturing, medical, and military applications. Formulations of maximum permissible exposure limits establish guidelines for the safe use of these systems for a given set of laser parameters, based on past experimental and analytical studies of exposure thresholds causing injury to the skin and eyes. The purpose of our study is to characterize the skin response to multiple-pulsed laser exposures at the NIR wavelength of 1070 nm, at a constant beam diameter of 1 cm, using anesthetized Yucatan mini-pig subjects. Our study explores three constant total laser-on times of 0.01, 0.1, and 10 s as single- and multiple-pulse sequences. Exposures consisting of 10, 30, and 100 pulses have identical individual pulse durations but different duty cycles in order to include variable degrees of thermal additivity. A plurality of three observers quantifies skin damage with the minimally visible lesion metric, judged at the 1- and 24-h intervals postexposure. Calculation of the median effective dose (ED50) provides injury thresholds for all exposure conditions, based on varying laser power across subjects. The results of this study will provide a quantitative basis for the incorporation of multiple-pulsed laser exposure into standards and augment data contained in the existing ED50 database.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biosensing Application of Photon Upconverting Nanoparticles

Phosphor/fluorescent molecules/particles have been widely used in various applications for quite some time. Typically, light with longer wavelength(s) is emitted when excited by shorter wavelength light. The opposite effect also exists, where a phosphor particle is excited with an infrared or red light and emits color(s) of shorter wavelengths, a process called up-conversion. Materials with upconverting properties have narrower absorption and line emission spectra than their down-converting counterparts. Because most non-target materials in a complex mixture do not possess such photon up-conversion properties, a dramatically improved S/N ratio is expected in sensing and luminescence reporting applications. This makes photon upconverting materials ideal for identification of trace amounts of target molecules. Here we report the synthesis, characterization and DNA detection application based on NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ , Er 3+ photon upconverting nanoparticles. The design of a nucleotide sensor for the detection of point mutation associated with sickle cell disease is described. The underlying principle for the detection is luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET), with the photon upconverting nanoparticle as the donor and a dye, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine (TAMRA), as the acceptor. The detection scheme is based on a sandwich-type hybridization format. The presence of the target DNA is indicated by the increase of the normalized acceptor's emission. Based on photon upconverting nanoparticles, which display high S/N ratio and no photobleaching, the DNA sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity. The results demonstrate great potential of such nanomaterials as oligonucleotide sensors.
Intranasal deferoxamine can improve memory in healthy C57 mice, suggesting a partially non-disease-specific pathway of functional neurologic improvement

Introduction Intranasal deferoxamine (IN DFO) has been shown to decrease memory loss and have beneficial impacts across several models of neurologic disease and injury, including rodent models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Methods In order to assess the mechanism of DFO, determine its ability to improve memory from baseline in the absence of a diseased state, and assess targeting ability of intranasal delivery, we treated healthy mice with IN DFO (2.4 mg) or intraperitoneal (IP) DFO and compared behavioral and biochemical changes with saline-treated controls. Mice were treated 5 days/week for 4 weeks and subjected to behavioral tests 30 min after dosing. Results We found that IN DFO, but not IP DFO, significantly enhanced working memory in the radial arm water maze, suggesting that IN administration is more efficacious as a targeted delivery route to the brain. Moreover, the ability of DFO to improve memory from baseline in healthy mice suggests a non-disease-specific mechanism of memory improvement. IN DFO treatment was accompanied by decreased GSK-3β activity and increased HIF-1α activity. Conclusions These pathways are suspected in DFO's ability to improve memory and perhaps represent a component of the common mechanism through which DFO enacts beneficial change in models of neurologic disease and injury.
Entrainment of the Drosophila clock by the visual system

Circadian clocks evolved as an adaptation to the cyclic change of day and night. To precisely adapt to this environment, the endogenous period has to be adjusted every day to exactly 24 hours by a ...
A CASE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA DISGUISED AS HEART FAILURE

High output heart failure is an infrequently encountered entity characterized by normal cardiac function with low systemic vascular resistance. It's defined as cardiac output more that 8L/min of cardiac index more than 4.0/min/m2. It is due to an underlying disease process leading to increased
Social behavior in mice following chronic optogenetic stimulation of hippocampal engrams

The hippocampus processes both spatial-temporal information and emotionally salient experiences. To test the functional properties of discrete sets of cells in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), we examined whether chronic optogenetic reactivation of these ensembles was sufficient to modulate social behaviors in mice. We found that chronic reactivation of discrete dDG cell populations in male mice largely did not affect social behaviors in an experience-dependent manner. However, we found that social behavior in a female exposure task was increased following chronic optogenetic stimulation when compared to pre-stimulation levels, suggesting that the protocol led to increased social behavior, although alternative explanations are discussed. Furthermore, multi-region analysis of neural activity did not yield detectable differences in immediate-early gene expression or neurogenesis following chronic optogenetic stimulation. Together, these results suggest that the effects of chronic optogenetic stimulation in the dDG on social behaviors are independent of the contextual experience processed by each cellular ensemble.
Gaussian Multiple and Random Access Channels: Finite-Blocklength Analysis

This paper presents finite-blocklength achievability bounds for the Gaussian multiple access channel (MAC) and random access channel (RAC) under average-error and maximal-power constraints. Using random codewords uniformly distributed on a sphere and a maximum likelihood decoder, the derived MAC bound on each transmitter’s rate matches the MolavianJazi-Laneman bound (2015) in its first- and second-order terms, improving the remaining terms to $\frac {1}2\frac {\log {n}}{n}+{O} \left ({\frac {1}{n}}\right)$ bits per channel use. The result $\vphantom {\sum ^{R}}$ then extends to a RAC model in which neither the encoders nor the decoder knows which of ${K}$ possible transmitters are active. In the proposed rateless coding strategy, decoding occurs at a time ${n}_{t}$ that depends on the decoder’s estimate ${t}$ of the number of active transmitters ${k}$ . Single-bit feedback from the decoder to all encoders at each potential decoding time ${n}_{i}$ , ${i} \leq {t}$ , informs the encoders when to stop transmitting. For this RAC model, the proposed code achieves the same first-, second-, and third-order performance as the best known result for the Gaussian MAC in operation.
The Role of SIMS and RBS Techniques in the Development of Advanced Metallization Systems for Microelectronic Applications

The use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) have been critical in the development of very large scale integrated circuits because of their shared ability of determining the distribution of elements in a small localized areas as well as good sensitivity for many of the common do pants used in semiconductor technology. This review paper will discuss the uses of both SIMS and RBS in contributing towards the development of advanced metallization technology.
Mechanistic Variability in the Lewis Acid-Promoted Reactions of Aldehydes with Organostannanes

The SnCl4 promoted reactions of three β-alkoxy aldehydes with allyltri-n-butylstannane have been investigated in detail, primarily via 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. Using this technique, all processes involved in a rather complex manifold of reactions can be observed at low temperature. These three substrates span the range of possible behavior upon complexation with SnCl4 at 1:1 stoichiometry: 2-methyl-3-benzyloxypropanal is a “strong chelator”, 3-benzyloxybutanal is a “weak chelator”, and 2-methyl-3- (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propanal is a “non-chelator”. The nature of complexation with SnCl4 is dependent upon stoichiometry however; with 2 equivalents of aldehyde (relative to SnCl4), 2:1 (RCHO)2•SnCl4 complexes are formed even with the “tight chelator” 2-methyl-3-benzyloxypropanal. Thus entropie and enthalpic contributions to the stability of complexes with SnCl4 are opposing forces in these systems. The mechanism of addition reactions with the substrates is determined primarily by complex stability (which is temperature dependent), stoichiometry, and the presence or absence of free SnCl4. The involvement of transmetalation pathways leading to the production of allyltrichlorostannane or diallyldichlorostannane as the nucleophilic species in the addition process with these substrates can be directly investigated using 119Sn nmr. Such experiments with 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde and pivaldehyde refute a recent report by Denmark, Wilson, and Willson that transmetalation occurs rapidly and directly from 2:1 (RCHO)2•SnCl4 complexes with these aldehydes, even at -90°C.
Acute toxicity of water soluble fractions derived from a coal liquid (SCR-II) to three aquatic organisms

Acute toxicity screening tests were conducted with water soluble fractions (WSFs) of a solvent refined coal (SRC-II) liquid from a pilot plant and three reference organisms: the cladoceran Daphnia magna, the fathead (FH) minnow Pimephales promelas, and larvae of the midge fly Chironomus tentans. Stock WSFs typically contained 900 to 1100 mg l−1 total carbon (TC) and 700 to 800 mg l−1 total dye complexable phenolics, with lower concentrations of aromatic and saturate hydrocarbons and N compounds. Under standard test conditions (temperature 20 °C, pH 7.3 to 8.2 and hardness 65 to 80 mg l−1 CaCO3), mean LC50 values in mg l− TC were 3.3 for daphnia, 11.l for FH minnow, and 13.7 for midge larvae. Acute toxicity was also examined under other water quality conditions (temperature 10 or 25 °C, pH 6.0 or 6.5, and hardness ≅ 180 to 220 mg 1−1 CaCO3). The coal liquid was less toxic to daphnids at 10 °C than at 20 or 25 °C, but response of other organisms at different temperatures varied. The pH of the liquid had little effect on toxicity values. All organisms were less susceptible in hard water. Chemical compositions of stock WSFs were similar, suggesting that temperature, pH, and hardness had little effect on solubility of major synfucl components. Dilution indexes for stock WSFs were higher than for petroleum oils, and reflect the greater solubility of chemicals from the liquified coal in freshwater.
Resonant structures in the 20Ne+16O system.

In a search for high spin molecular states in {sup 36}Ar, the {sup 20}Ne+{sup 16}O system was studied using a differentially pumped windowless {sup 20}Ne gas target. Angle-averaged excitation functions for the {sup 20}Ne+{sup 16}O and {sup 24}Mg+{sup 12}C mass partitions were obtained for the energy range 16.39 MeV {le}{ital E}{sub c.m.}{le} 41.67 MeV in 278 keV steps. Inelastic scattering involving the {sup 16}O(0{sub 2}{sup +}, 6.05 MeV) state was separated from the nearby {sup 16}O(3{sub 1}{sup {minus}}, 6.13 MeV) state by detecting the {ital e}{sup {minus}} and {ital e}{sup +} emitted from the internal pair decay of the {sup 16}O(0{sub 2}{sup +}) state. A statistical fluctuation analysis indicates that several correlated structures are present in the current system. Tentative spin assignments based on angular distribution measurements suggest the resonant structures could be associated with rotational states of {sup 36}Ar. The results are compared with a cranked cluster model calculation. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Modeling the Infrared Magnesium and Hydrogen Lines from Quiet and Active Solar Regions

The emission lines of Mg I at 7.4, 12.2, and 12.3 µm are now known to be formed in the upper photosphere; the line emission is due to collisional coupling of higher levels with the continuum together with radiative depopulation of lower levels. These combined effects cause the line source functions of high-lying transitions to exceed the corresponding Planck functions. Rowever, there are uncertainties in a) the relevant atomic data, particularly the collisional rates and ultraviolet photoionization rates, and b) the sensitivity of the calculated results to changes in atmospheric temperature and density. These uncertainties are examined by comparing twelve calculated Mg I line profiles in the range 2.1–12.3 µm with ATMOS satellite observations. We show results based on different rates, and using different atmospheric models representing a range of dark and bright spatial features. The calculated Mg profiles are found to be relatively insen-tive to atmospheric model changes, and to depend critically on the choice of collisional and hotoionization rates. We find better agreement with the observations using collision rates from van Regemorter (1962) rather than from Seaton (1962). We also compare twelve calculated hydrogen profiles in the range 2.2–12.4 µm with ATMOS observations. The available rates and cross Sections for hydrogen seem adequate to account for the observed profiles, while the calculated lines are highly sensitive to atmospheric model changes. These lines are perhaps the best available diagnostics of the temperature and density structure of the photosphere and low chromosphere. purther calculations based on these infrared hydrogen lines should lead to greatly improved models df the solar atmosphere.
T cells and post menopausal osteoporosis in murine models.

Estrogen deficiency is one of the most frequent causes of osteoporosis in women and a possible cause of bone loss in men. But the mechanism involved remains largely unknown. Estrogen deficiency leads to an increase in the immune function, which culminates in an increased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by activated T cells. TNF increases osteoclast formation and bone resorption both directly and by augmenting the sensitivity of maturing osteoclasts to the essential osteoclastogenic factor RANKL (the RANK ligand). Increased T cell production of TNF is induced by estrogen deficiency via a complex mechanism mediated by antigen presenting cells and the cytokines IFNγ, IL-7 and transforming growth factor-β. The experimental evidence that suggests that estrogen prevents bone loss by regulating T cell function and the interactions between immune cells and bone is reviewed here.
Left ventricular ejection period: Measurement by atraumatic techniques: Results in normal young men and comparison of methods of calculation

Abstract 1. 1. Left ventricular ejection periods were measured by several methods in 50 normal, active young adult men. 2. 2. The carotid-derived ejection times yielded a range of 240 to 320 msec. (mean 292 ± 19 msec. S.D.) over 48 to 102 beats per minute heart rate. Our regression equation for the relationship of LVET to heart rate in beats per minute is: LVET = 376 − 1.22 HR 3. 3. Ejection times were linearly inversely proportional to heart rate. The line expressing this relationship agreed very closely with those of other investigators. 4. 4. Ejection times calculated from ACG-PCG data, even when “corrected,” did not reliably correlate with carotid-derived ejection times, which must be regarded as the standard for external methods.
The IJCAR-2004 automated theorem proving competition

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is an annual evaluation of fully automatic, first order Automated Theorem Proving systems - the world championship for such systems. CASC-J2 was the ninth competition in the CASC series. Twenty-six ATP systems and system variants competed in the various competition and demonstration divisions. An outline of the competition design, and a commentated summary of the results, are presented.
Statement of Professor Alex Skibine -- US House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs, Committee on Natural Resources: Hearing on Executive Branch Standards for Land into Trust Decisions for Gaming Purposes

My statement today is going to focus on Executive decisions to authorize gaming on off-reservation land acquired into trust after 1988. More precisely, my comments will address those Executive decisions made pursuant to the two part determination set out in section (b)(1)(A) of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988, 25 U.S.C. 2719(b)(1)(A). These are the decisions which require concurrence by a state governor.
Genetics of marine bioinvasions

Anthropogenic biological introductions have captured the attention of marine scientists and resource managers in recent years. Human-mediated marine bioinvasions are presently acknowledged as often ecologically and financially devastating events. Despite recent increases in scientific interest and financial resources devoted to nonindigenous nuisance species globally, fundamental questions pertaining to taxonomic identity, geographic source, introduction vector and invasive population dynamics frequently remain unanswered. Ecological surveys based on photometric and observational methods are unable to identify cryptogenic taxa, source populations, multiple introductions, or genetic diversity. The twofold goal of this paper is to discuss the application of molecular genetic techniques to fundamental ecological questions pertaining to bioinvasions and to demonstrate the utility of DNA technology in providing data useful in the development of predictive models for marine bioinvasion science.
Elaborating of ultrasound images ontology in ultrasound diagnostics

This article describes an approach for elaborating an ontology of ultrasound images of hepatopancreatobiliary zone organs of a human body on the base of knowledge enclosed in decision support system SonaRes.
Youth and HIV/AIDS in Africa: a call for effective policies and programs.

Recent demographic data indicate that Africa consists largely of a youthful population as compared to other regions of the World. United Nations data indicate that in 2010, there were 364 million Africans aged 15-34 years, and 209 million aged 15-24 years, accounting for 35.6% and 20.2% respectively of Africa's total population. It is widely believed that Africa has a unique opportunity to invest in youth development as part of an overall strategy to secure its growth and economic prosperity. However, for many African youth, the transition through adolescence continues to be fraught with several challenges and difficulties. These include pervading high rates of poverty, illiteracy, unemployment and underemployment, violence, sexual coercion and exploitation, substance abuse and other deviant social behaviors. Coupled with high rates of judgmental values by adults and negative societal/cultural attitudes which deny young people access to appropriate information and services including on sexual and reproductive health, it is not surprising that African youths currently have some of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS in the world.
Biologic aspects of flexor tendon laceration and repair.

Flexor tendon repairs in the hand are often complicated by the formation of peritendinous adhesions that result in loss of normal tendon gliding, digital stiffness, and functional disability.Advances in suture techniques and rehabilitation protocols have improved the outcomes of tendon repair.Recent
Cutting Edge: Discrete Functions of mTOR Signaling in Invariant NKT Cell Development and NKT17 Fate Decision

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells recently were classified into NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 lineages with distinct transcription factor and cytokine profiles, but the mechanisms underlying such fate decisions remain elusive. In this article, we report crucial roles for mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, especially mTORC2, in iNKT cell development and fate determination of NKT17 cells. Loss of Rictor, an obligatory component of mTORC2, decreased thymic and peripheral iNKT cells, which was associated with defective survival. Strikingly, Rictor deficiency selectively abolished the NKT17 lineage, as indicated by a marked reduction in RORγt and IL-17 expression. Moreover, deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) upregulated mTORC2 activity and enhanced NKT17 generation, but concomitant loss of Rictor reversed the NKT17 dysregulation. In contrast, mTORC1 regulators Raptor and Rheb are dispensable for NKT17 differentiation, despite their importance in iNKT cell thymic development. Our findings establish pivotal and unique roles for mTORC2 signaling, which is reciprocally regulated by Rictor and Pten, in NKT17 lineage determination.
Absolute value of the nuclear magnetic shielding of silicon and germanium atoms in Si/Ge(CH3)4

Abstract The reference value of NMR magnetic shieldings, σ ref (X), of a nucleus X is of highest importance when theoretical analysis of chemical shifts are envisaged. For light atoms the absolute scale can be obtained using an old relationship among spin–rotation constants and magnetic shieldings, though for heavy-atom-containing molecules such nonrelativistic relationship is not valid any longer. Then, for such molecules the search for σ ref needs new strategies to be followed. We present here new values of σ ref (Si) and σ ref (Ge) for tetramethyl silane and tetramethyl germanium that were obtained applying a simple procedure which mix accurate experimental chemical shifts and theoretically obtained magnetic shieldings in a set of selected molecular systems. We considered that in experiments one usually measures chemical shifts, ( δ ). We calculated σ ref (Si) and σ ref (Ge) from a set of seventeen and sixteen heavy-halogen-containing molecules, respectively. We found out that σ ref [Si; Si(CH3)4] in gas phase should be close to 410.49 ± 6.77 ppm and σ ref [Ge; Ge(CH3)4] should be close to 1705.29 ± 19.51 ppm. Such theoretical values were obtained by performing calculations within the relativistic polarization propagator method, RelPPA, at RPA level of approach. Based on those values of σ ref , we recalculated the chemical shifts of the whole set of molecular systems obtaining a good reproduction of known experimental results. We also obtained a highly correlated relationship among the absolute values of the nuclear magnetic shieldings of Si and Ge atoms in halogen substituted tetrahedral compounds.
Role of arachidonic acid metabolism in transcriptional induction of tumor necrosis factor gene expression by phorbol ester.

Abstract The treatment of human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is associated with induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transcript. The study reported here has examined TPA-induced signaling mechanisms responsible for the regulation of TNF gene expression in these cells. Run-on assays demonstrated that TPA increases TNF mRNA levels by transcriptional activation of this gene. The induction of TNF transcripts by TPA was inhibited by the isoquinolinesulfonamide derivative H7 but not by HA1004, suggesting that this effect of TPA is mediated by activation of protein kinase C. TPA treatment also resulted in increased arachidonic acid release. Moreover, inhibitors of phospholipase A2 blocked both the increase in arachidonic acid release and the induction of TNF transcripts. These findings suggest that TPA induces TNF gene expression through the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites. Although indomethacin had no detectable effect on this induction of TNF transcripts, ketoconazole, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, blocked TPA-induced increases in TNF mRNA levels. Moreover, TNF mRNA levels were increased by the 5-lipoxygenase metabolite leukotriene B4. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase metabolite prostaglandin E2 inhibited the induction of TNF transcripts by TPA. Taken together, these results suggest that TPA induces TNF gene expression through the arachidonic acid cascade and that the level of TNF transcripts is regulated by metabolites of the pathway, leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2.
Habitat as a source of intrapopulational variation of ornament size in Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis complex)

Gradients in habitat structure are expected to influence the outcome of selection on traits that contribute to communicative display. Galapagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis complex) on Isla Plaza Sur in the Galapagos Islands occur across a gradient of vegetative cover. Previous work in this population has shown that traits associated with predator avoidance are magnified in habitats with low vegetative cover. This pattern suggests that predation pressure differs by habitat and thus, may act to select against the elaboration of ornamentation. We measured the size of the chin patch, an ornament known to be used in intraspecific signaling, to test this hypothesis. The area of the chin patch was dependent on both snout-vent length and residual body mass. In contrast to expectation, males had larger chin patches in the sparsely vegetated habitat suggested to have high predation risk. This result raises questions about the presumed survival cost of ornament elaboration.
Buried Triassic Basin in the Central Savannah River Area, South Carolina and Georgia

A basin filled with Triassic red beds, located on the South Carolina–Georgia line ∼32 km southeast of Augusta, Georgia, is buried beneath ∼350 m of Coastal Plain sediments. An extensive aeromagnetic survey, seismic refraction and reflection surveys, and geophysical logs and samples from three wells define the extent and character of the basin. This basin, herein named the Dunbarton Triassic basin, is ∼50 km long, 10 km wide, and trends northeast. The northwest margin of the basin is well defined by the aeromagnetic survey, a seismic reflection traverse, and a well that passed through 485 m of Triassic fanglomerate before entering the crystalline metamorphic rocks below. Near the center of the Triassic basin, a well passed through 902 m of maroon Triassic mudstone and sandstone of fluvial origin without penetrating the bottom of the basin. The permeability of the Triassic rock is extremely low, and water-transmitting fractures were not penetrated. Even slight water-level disturbances in the Triassic wells require many years to recover. Total dissolved solids of the water from the Triassic basin are about twice that in the crystalline metamorphic rocks that surround it. The inferred geologic history of this basin is similar to the history of Triassic basins that crop out in North Carolina.
Stress exposure among mexican americans and non‐hispanic whites

In this article we examine differences between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites, and between U.S.- and Mexico-born Mexican Americans, in exposure to two sources of stress: life events and ongoing strains. Data were obtained from a survey of 1,244 Mexican-American and 1,149 non- Hispanic White randomly selected community residents. There were few ethnic differences in life events, although non-Hispanic Whites were more likely to report desirable or ambiguous events. Mexican-American immigrants were less likely than their U.S.-born counterparts to report most events. In contrast, Mexican Americans, especially immigrants, reported greater ongoing strain than non-Hispanic Whites. Different kinds of life events were associated with each type of strain.
Nanowire-based molecular monolayer junctions: Synthesis, assembly, and electrical characterization

Nanowire metal−molecule−metal junctions containing dithoilated molecules of dodecane (C12), oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE), and oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) were prepared by replicating the pores of sub-40 nm diameter polycarbonate track etched membranes. Bottom Au−S or Pd−S contacts were made by potential-assisted molecule assembly onto the tips of the first segment of the electrochemically deposited nanowires. Top S−Ag or S−Pd contacts were formed by depositing Ag or Pd nanoparticles, which also served as a thin seed layer for electrodeposition of the second nanowire segment. Room-temperature current−voltage (I−V) measurements of individual nanowires show that the conductance of junctions formed with π-conjugated oligomers are several orders of magnitude larger than the saturated alkanes, with the OPV junctions having the highest conductance. The molecular wire junction conductance was also found to be dependent on the metal contacts with symmetric Pd−Pd junctions yielding the best metal−molecule ...
Studies on the urinary excretion and blood concentration of ascorbic acid in infantile scurvy

Summary The excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine and its concentration in the plasma have been studied in seven cases of proved scurvy. Absolute depletion of ascorbic acid in the urine and very low values in the plasma were found. Vitamin replenishment was accomplished quickly or over a long period of time, depending primarily on the dose of ascorbic acid employed. In three groups of infants comprising well babies, babies picked at random from the ward, and patients with scurvy, concentrations of ascorbic acid in the plasma were demonstrated generally characteristic of optimal, suboptimal, and deficient intake of vitamin C. The limitations of the method and significance of results are discussed.
Prediction of the incidence of recurrent herpes labialis and systemic illness from psychological measurements.

About a third of variance in a year's incidence of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) was predicted from combinations of psychological and sociometric variables. Measures of social assets and psychological discomfort added significant predictive information when used in combination with measures of susceptibility to RHL (antibody titer or frequency of RHL determined by history).
Global epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in 2010.

The past decade has been characterized by an epidemic of Clostridium difficile infection in North America and Europe that threatens to extend to the rest of the world. The epidemic is due in part to the emergence of a previously rare and now more lethal C. difficile strain variously named group BI, ribotype 027, and North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1.
Escape-from-fear performance as affected by handling method and an additional CS-shock treatment

Experiment 1 demonstrated that hurdle-jumping, escape-from-fear (EFF) performance was affected deleteriously when the handling of the rats was by the tail rather than the body and was facilitated by the administration, just prior to EFF training, of one additional CS-shock pairing along with the opportunity to jump the hurdle. Additional experiments elucidated the basis for the effect of these two variables. Experiment 2 indicated that tail handling degraded performance by decreasing reinforcement. In Experiment 3, the facilitatory effect of the extra CS-shock treatment was found to result from the occurrence of a response at the termination of the pairing and not from the CS-shock pairing per se.
PM2.5 and CO Concentrations Inside an Indoor Go-Kart Facility

Three acute cardiovascular events within a 4-month period among drivers at an indoor go-kart arena prompted a visit to assess the magnitude of potentially hazardous air pollutant levels within the facility and help identify control measures. Carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μ m (PM2.5) were measured with personal, continuous-reading instruments to capture their spatial and temporal variability. Average driver and track CO levels during the sampling visit were comparable to state standards for worker exposures and exceeded some health-based guidelines. Average PM2.5 levels were low compared with regulatory standards, but transient PM2.5 peaks of unknown health impact were observed. Driver exposures were modestly but significantly higher than track concentrations measured by stationary monitors and substantially higher than outdoor concentrations. Driver exposures were partitioned into three components, attributed to (1) outdoor pollutants that were drawn unfilter...
A Comparison of Interscorer Agreement for the Comprehension, Similarities, and Vocabulary Subtests of the WISC and WISC-R:

Thirty-one PhD Clinical Psychologists (Division 12 members of APA) selected from the 1974 American Psychological Association Register of members scored Comprehension, Similarities and Vocabulary subtest items common to the WISC and WISC-R. Twenty-two examiners used WISC criteria and nine examiners used WISC-R criteria. Although percentages of interscorer agreement favored the WISC-R judges, the Wilcoxon's T Statistic for Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test showed no significant statistical support for this trend. However, significant correlations were established indicating that there was an increase of interrater scoring agreement with a corresponding increase of agreement that the responses were determined to be sufficiently inquired for scoring. This suggests that the scoring of these subtests may be less subjective than previously reported.
Relations Between the Woodcock-Johnson III Clinical Clusters and Measures of Executive Functions From the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System

This study examined the convergent relations between scores from four clinical clusters from the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ III) and measures of executive functions using a sample of school-aged children and a sample of adults. The WJ III clinical clusters included the Working Memory, Cognitive Fluency, Broad Attention, and Executive Processes clusters, and the measures of executive functions were from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). Across both samples, all clinical clusters demonstrated evidence of statistically significant and moderate positive relations with at least some measures of executive functions. The Executive Processes cluster demonstrated relations with measures of executive functions that tended to be the strongest and most consistent of the WJ III clinical clusters. When these relations between the clinical clusters and the measures of executive functions were contrasted with the relations between the WJ III Comprehension-Knowledge cluster an...
A numerical study of two-dimensional crystal growth forms in the presence of anisotropic growth kinetics

Abstract A numerical model of the free growth of a two-dimensional single crystal of pure material from an undercooled melt is presented. Quasi-steady-state heat flow and anisotropic interfacial properties couple in the model, governing the morphology of the evolving crystal-melt interface. We study the evolution of an initially slightly perturbed circular crystal as it grows from the linear into the non-linear regime both in the absence and in the presence of anisotropic interfacial growth kinetics. In the absence of kinetic anisotropy, a first harmonic of opposite phase is generated by the fundamental component and splitting of the tip of a perturbation occurs. For an initial shape consisting of a fundamental Fourier component and its first harmonic, there is strong interaction of the initial first harmonic with the first harmonic that would have been generated by the fundamental component acting along. In the absence of kinetic anisotropy, the first harmonic generated by a given Fourier component during growth adopts a phase, for given perturbation amplitudes, that appears to maximize the perimeter of the crystal. The overall rate of growth of crystal area is shown to be only a function of the heat extracted from the system and is virtually independent of the interface shape; this is a consequence of the quasi-steady state approximation to heat flow. Finally, we show that anisotropic growth kinetics can suppress tip splitting for certain initial conditions.
Kindlins in FERM adhesion

The Kindlin family of intracellular proteins has recently emerged as key regulators of cellular functions and cell-matrix interactions. The 3 members of this family, Kindlin-1, -2, and -3, perform an essential role in activation of integrin adhesion receptors, and expression of at least 1 Kindlin paralog is required to enable integrin activation in physiologically relevant settings. In humans, deficiencies in Kindlin-3 lead to a number of abnormalities affecting hemostasis, the immune system, and bone function, whereas the lack of Kindlin-1 causes profound skin defects. The importance of Kindlins is underscored by the results of animal knockout studies, which clearly show the indispensable and nonredundant functions of all 3 Kindlins in development and normal physiology. This review discusses recent progress in the studies of Kindlin protein family, emphasizing newly identified functions and potential mechanisms underlying differential activities of the family members.
Evaluation of methods for improved detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in mussels (Mytilus californianus).

Abstract Bivalve molluscs concentrate Cryptosporidium oocysts from fecal-contaminated aquatic environments and are therefore useful in monitoring water quality. A real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed to allow for large scale quantitative detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in mussels ( Mytilus californianus ). The TaqMan sensitivity and specificity were compared to conventional PCR and direct immunofluorescent antibody (DFA) assays, with and without immunomagnetic separation (IMS), to identify the best method for parasite detection in mussel hemolymph, gill washings and digestive glands. TaqMan PCR and two conventional PCR systems all detected 1 or more oocysts spiked into 1 ml hemolymph samples. The minimum oocyst detection limit in spiked 5 ml gill wash and 1 g digestive gland samples tested by TaqMan PCR and DFA was 100 oocysts, with a 1 log 10 improvement when samples were first processed by IMS. For tank exposed mussels, TaqMan and conventional PCR methods detected C. parvum in C. parvum -positive samples in digestive gland tissues of exposed mussels. In conclusion, the most sensitive method for the detection of C. parvum in oocyst-exposed mussels was IMS concentration with DFA detection: 80% of individual and 100% of pooled digestive gland samples tested positive. TaqMan PCR was comparable to conventional PCR for detection of C. parvum oocysts in mussels and additionally allowed for automated testing, high throughput, and semi-quantitative results.
Topological organic chemistry. 13. Transformation of graph adjacency matrixes to distance matrixes

A sequence of simple arithmetic operations is described that generates distance matrixes from the adjacency matrixes of graphs.
Agreement of self-reported hormone receptor status with cancer registry data in young breast cancer patients

Background Though breast cancer subtype is a key determinant of treatment choice and prognosis, few studies have assessed breast cancer patients’ knowledge of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status.
Prologue: Reaffirming Mary Wollstonecraft! Extending the Dialogue on Women, Sport and Physical Activities

In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) Mary Wollstonecraft (often referred to as ‘the first great feminist writer’) declared: ‘Let us then, by being allowed to take the same exercise as boy...
Electrophoretic comparison of the genomes of north American bluetongue viruses, one australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses

The genomes of U.S. bluetongue viruses, an Australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genomes were comprised of ten segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA. Estimates of the molecular weights of the dsRNA segments revealed that the U.S. bluetongue serotypes were remarkably similar. Although the dsRNA profiles of the viruses exhibited common segments, each virus had a distinct dsRNA profile. The usefulness of the genome analysis as a diagnostic tool for identification and for epidemiologic studies is discussed.