cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inadequacy of entropy and entropy derivatives in characterizing the steady state

In bistable systems the transition kinetics between the two locally stable states can be altered without changing the behavior in the immediate vicinity of the two favored steady states. It follows that quantities which characterize only the vicinity of the favored states cannot determine the most probable state. A second point: Even in monostable linear circuits the steady state need not correspond to minimum entropy production.
Critique of Miller's “degree of lateralization as a hierarchy of manual and cognitive skill levels”

Miller (Neuropsychologia 20, 155-162, 1982) reported a correlational study in which an association between handedness measures and tests of cognitive development was found. It was concluded that the degree to which manual dexterity is lateralized predicts cognitive development, and that these measures are related aspects of the development of cerebral specialization. This conclusion is questionable in that the intellectual skills necessary for performance on the cognitive development tests are probably not functionally lateralized. In addition, when the influence of chronological age is partialled out, there is no residual correlation between lateralization of manual dexterity and cognitive performance.
Dosages of isoniazid and streptomycin for routine chemotherapy of tuberculosis

Summary The importance of adjusting the dosage of isoniazid and of streptomycin administered to tuberculous patients so that at least a 0·4 μg./ml. serum level of isoniazid and 20 μg./ml. serum level of streptomycin be concomitantly achieved is discussed. The results of microbiologic assays for antimicrobially active isoniazid and streptomycin serum levels in a group of 1,010 tuberculous patients are presented. About 30 per cent of a group of 744 patients failed to achieve the estimated minimal isoniazid level consistent with total sterilization of all multiplying catalase-positive (isoniazid-susceptible and weakly isoniazid-resistant) tubercle bacilli after a loading dose of 4 mg. isoniazid per kg. body weight; the increase of the loading dose to 8 mg. isoniazid per kg. body weight still left 20 per cent of a group of 633 patients with a serum level below 0·4 μg./ml. The loading dose was calculated as half the total projected daily dosage of isoniazid. Thirty per cent of a group of 501 patients failed to achieve the estimated necessary serum level (20μg./ml. serum) six hours after an intramuscular injection of 20 mg. streptomycin sulfate per kg. body weight. It is concluded that the only way to assure an optimal isoniazid and streptomycin concentration at the sites of bacterial multiplication in tuberculous patients without increasing unnecessarily the incidence of toxic side-effects is to ‘tailor’ these drugs' dosages according to the individual patient's metabolic rate of inactivation of isoniazid and renal clearance of streptomycin. These rates can be determined by properly performed microbiologic assays for antimicrobially active serum isoniazid and streptomycin concentrations.
Hsp10 and Hsp60 Suppress Ubiquitination of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor and Augment Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Signaling in Cardiac Muscle IMPLICATIONS ON DECREASED MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION IN DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

We have investigated the effects of two heat shock proteins, Hsp10 and Hsp60, on insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in cardiac muscle cells. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were transduced with Hsp10 or Hsp60 via adenoviral vector. Compared with the cells transduced with a control vector, overexpression of Hsp10 or Hsp60 increased the abundance of IGF-1R and IGF-1-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation. Thus, Hsp10 and Hsp60 overexpression increased the number of functioning receptors and amplified activation of IGF-1R signaling. IGF-1 stimulation of MEK, Erk, p90Rsk, and Akt were accordingly augmented. Transducing cardiomyocytes with antisense Hsp60 oligonucleotides reduced Hsp60 expression, decreased the abundance of IGF-1R, attenuated IGF-1R autophosphorylation, and suppressed the pro-survival action of IGF-1 in cardiomyocytes. Using cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis did not alter the effect of Hsp60 on IGF-1R signaling, and IGF-1R mRNA levels were not up-regulated by Hsp10 or Hsp60. Additional experiments showed that Hsp10 and Hsp60 suppressed polyubiquitination of IGF-1 receptor. These data indicate that Hsp10 and Hsp60 can modulate IGF-1R signaling through post-translational modification. In animal models of diabetes, diabetic myocardium is associated with decreased abundance of Hsp60, increased ubiquitination of IGF-1R, and lower level of IGF-1R protein. Declined myocardial protection is a major feature of diabetic cardiomyopathy. These data suggest that decreased Hsp60 expression and subsequent decline of IGF-1R signaling may be a fundamental mechanism underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Connecting a University System to the Public Agenda: The Roundtable on Higher Education.

North Dakota connects the collective power and potential of college and university systems to the economic development, education, and training needs of the state.
Bandlike transport in strongly coupled and doped quantum dot solids: a route to high-performance thin-film electronics.

We report bandlike transport in solution-deposited, CdSe QD thin-films with room temperature field-effect mobilities for electrons of 27 cm2/(V s). A concomitant shift and broadening in the QD solid optical absorption compared to that of dispersed samples is consistent with electron delocalization and measured electron mobilities. Annealing indium contacts allows for thermal diffusion and doping of the QD thin-films, shifting the Fermi energy, filling traps, and providing access to the bands. Temperature-dependent measurements show bandlike transport to 220 K on a SiO2 gate insulator that is extended to 140 K by reducing the interface trap density using an Al2O3/SiO2 gate insulator. The use of compact ligands and doping provides a pathway to high performance, solution-deposited QD electronics and optoelectronics.
Chemical control of flowering

The existence of flower-forming substances has a reasonably firm foundation, although none of the substances responsible have yet been isolated. The studies which have been performed on the alteration of flowering behaviour by the application of various chemical substances have helped to elucidate the internal mechanism of control of flowering to a marked degree. The purpose of this review is not to list various substances that have been applied from time to time to modify flowering. Rather an attempt has been made to discuss some relevant information of chemical modifications which have elucidated the problem of flowering. The problem of chemical control, including a number of specialized treatments such as auxins, gibberellins, purines, pyrimidines, and steriods, requires some critical survey. The entire study of auxin effect on flowering is complex. Auxins have been shown to be useful in modification of flowering through the manifestations of either their enhancing (21, 20, 30) or inhibitory effects (19). It is not the intent of this review to discuss the auxin physiology of control of flowering. It is interesting to find from the work of Leopold and Guersney (17) that the auxin effect of flowering is not specific. They found that chemical vernalisation may be accomplished by thiamine thus indicating the auxin action in chemical vernalisation is not a specfiic one. In those cases where auxin is effective when applied alone, it can be argued that the internal environment is sensitive, being limited from flowering expression by active growth rate. An induced depression on active growth rate by externally applied auxin will sometimes initiate flowering. The following discussion will mainly center on the recent stadies of gibberellins, pyrimidines, purines, and steroids. The only inorganic substance that has been reported to influence flowering is cobalt. Experiments of Salisbury (24, 25) indicate the possibility of an involvement of endogenous sulfhydryl groups in the timing reaction of flowering. Attempts will be made to indicate the extent to which gibberellin and cther natural hormones can be linked to the control of flowering on a chemical basis.
Education and job match: The relatedness of college major and work

Abstract The match between a worker's education and job has received much attention in the literature. Studies have focused on the match between years of schooling and the schooling required for the job, but the quantity of schooling is only one way to consider the match between schooling and jobs. This paper considers the relationship between college majors and occupations. Data from the National Survey of College Graduates are used to examine the extent to which workers report that their work activities unrelated to the college major. What degree fields lead to greater mismatch is explored as well as the effect on the returns to schooling.
The CIA and American democracy

This history of the CIA examines the agency as an institution operating within a political context and looks at its shifting relationship with the American public, Congress and presidents. This edition contains a preface that discusses the agency's fortunes since the end of the Cold War.
Iterative projections for signal identification on manifolds: Global recovery guarantees

We introduce an algorithm known as Manifold Iterative Projection to solve the problem of recovering an unknown high-dimensional signal contained in a low-dimensional sub-manifold from a few linear measurements. The algorithm provably and robustly recovers any unknown signal on the manifold, provided the measurement operator is benign with respect to the manifold. A variant of the algorithm provably tracks slowly time-varying signals on the manifold. Our results are intimately related to, and indeed rely on, the existence of stable embeddings of manifolds via linear maps.
History matching for multiphase reservoir models on shared memory supercomputers

A parallel algorithm using the generalized pulse spec trum technique and multilevel grid method for solving reservoir structural parameter identification problems is discussed here. The algorithm can be used to iden tify the reservoir's absolute permeability distributions by matching the computed pressure values with mea sured historical pressure values obtained at observa tion wells history matching. Use of a multilevel grid improves the quality of the identified permeability dis tributions significantly. The whole parameter identifica tion process is very computationally intensive since a group of coupled nonlinear partial differential equa tions PDEs and a regularized least square problem must be solved repeatedly with different parameter values. Several hundred megabyte memory is required for reservoir models involving thousands of grid points. The block SOR scheme with red and black or dering and a parallel Householder transformation scheme were used to solve the algebraic equations resulting from the discretization of the PDEs. High speedup has been achieved by exploring parallefisnl, refining the whole program, rather than just the hot- spots, and utilizing the high-speed cache memory effi ciently.
Nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A component of systemic treatment regimens

New immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic regimens have altered the medical approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Surgery for metastatic RCC needs to be reappraised in the context of these developments. We retrospectively examined the course of 25 patients with metastatic RCC who underwent nephrectomy or resection of renal fossa recurrences as an adjunct to intended systemic therapy. Four patients (16%) had complications and there was no perioperative mortality. Of 23 patients who had surgery first, 17 received subsequent systemic therapy and 2 experienced a response. Two patients underwent nephrectomy after achieving a partial response with systemic therapy. Overall, 3 patients (12%) are alive without detectable disease, 8 (32%) are alive with disease, and 14 (56%) are dead of disease, with a median survival of 23.5 months. Nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma may be associated with less morbidity and mortality than previously reported. When initial nephrectomy is performed, most patients go on to receive systemic therapy. Within the context of a systemic treatment regimen, nephrectomy continues to play a role in the management of selected patients with metastatic RCC. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Survival Estimates for Migrant Yearling Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Tagged with Passive Integrated Transponders in the Lower Snake and Lower Columbia Rivers, 1993–1998

Abstract Precise, up-to-date survival estimates for salmonids that migrate through reservoirs, hydroelectric dams, and free-flowing sections of the Snake and Columbia rivers are essential to develop effective strategies for recovering depressed stocks. To provide this information, survival was estimated for yearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags that migrated through Snake River dams and reservoirs from 1993 through 1998. A multiple-recapture model for single release groups was used to estimate survival from detections of PIT-tagged fish at dams. The stretch of river over which survival was estimated varied between years, depending on the release site, the number of dams with the capability to detect and rerelease PIT-tagged fish back to the river, the total number of fish marked, and the efficiency of detecting PIT-tagged fish at each dam. Precision of survival estimates varied with the number of fish PIT-tagged and released...
Disability levels and correlates among older mobile home dwellers, an NHATS analysis.

Background Although remarkably understudied, manufactured or mobile homes are the housing choice for nearly 20 million Americans and little is known about the health of older persons living in mobile homes.
Hyperbranched Chelating Polymers for the Polymer-Assisted Ultrafiltration of Boric Acid

Two hyperbranched chelating polymers, glucoheptonamide derivatives of dendrimeric poly(amido amine) and poly(ethylene imine), were employed in polymer-assisted ultrafiltration and concentration of boron from aqueous feed streams. For feeds containing approximately 1 mM B (10 ppm), volume reduction factors of 20 were observed in cyclic adsorption–desorption. The concentrations of both polymers declined due to permeation through an ultrafiltration membrane with pore sizes which should have retained them. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the amide linkages between the polymer backbone and the chelating side groups is implicated in this loss of polymer mass and effectiveness.
Design and experimental verification of a novel anisotropic photonic crystal band edge device

We have been studying a novel ID anisotropic photonic crystal structure which can be designed to have a strong resonant effect, a very low group velocity over a specific bandwidth. The structure requires two anisotropic layers and one isotropic layer per period and was first introduced by Figotin and Vitebskiy. By the careful design of the parameters of the structure, we can find a special band edge point which has fourth order degeneracy, and is called degenerate band edge (D.B.E). It was predicted that in the case of a transmission resonance in the vicinity of the D.B.E, the resonant field intensity increases as N 4 , where N is the total number of periods, while in the case of a regular band edge, the field intensity is proportional to N 2 . By making a comparison among different anisotropic materials, we have found that the giant resonant effects in the vicinity of the D.B.E also need a large anisotropy of the materials. However, materials with the required anisotropy at optical wavelengths are difficult to find and so we use equivalent form-birefringence layer to replace the anisotropic layer in our photonic crystal structure design. In order to verify our design, we make a real device for use at microwave frequencies using a rapid-prototyping tool. Our measurement results show that using form-birefringence to design this novel device is feasible and can push this novel photonic crystal structure to a lot of potential applications.
Gender Differences in Comorbidly Depressed Alcohol-Dependent Outpatients

UNLABELLED Clinical profiles of alcohol-dependent male and female outpatients were evaluated at treatment entry to compare the level of clinical severity in alcoholics with a coexistent comorbid depressive disorder to alcoholics who have never been depressed. Due to a higher proportion of females than males in the depressed alcoholic population, selected patient groups were oversampled to create a study group with equivalent number of males and females with and without comorbid depression. Clinical severity was assessed by examining both the extent of alcohol problems, and depressive symptomatology at treatment entry with respect to gender differences (unrelated to depression), effects of comorbid depression (unrelated to gender), and effects from the interaction of gender and depression. There were 93 DSM-III-R alcohol-dependent outpatients (50 males, 43 females), half of whom had a current or lifetime DSM-III-R depressive disorder. The amount of drinking in the 90 days before treatment entry, the degree of alcohol severity, and the number of lifetime drinking-related consequences were collected in the first week after detoxification. Diagnoses of lifetime and current depression were determined via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, and depressive symptoms were evaluated with rating scales 1 week after detoxification. In most cases, a depressive disorder was diagnosed only if sometime in the patient's history depressive symptoms had either predated problem drinking or been present during a 6-month abstinent period. RESULTS depressed males had a more severe clinical profile with respect to their alcoholism (i.e., more drinking, drinking-related problems, and alcohol severity than depressed females and never-depressed males). Surprisingly, females who had never been depressed (also no family history of depression) reported drinking the same quantities of alcohol in the 90 days before treatment and had comparable alcohol severity and number of consequences as males who had never been depressed. Depressed females, however, were more severely depressed (i.e., reported more intensive depressive symptoms than depressed male alcoholics). Thus, determining the type and extent of clinical severity at treatment entry in comorbidly depressed alcoholics depends on the gender of the patient The significant interaction between gender and the presence of comorbid depression that was found in this study may have important implications for predicting success in treatment.
Structure of Ala(20) --> Pro/Pro(64) --> Ala substituted subunit c of Escherichia coli ATP synthase in which the essential proline is switched between transmembrane helices.

Next Section Abstract The structure of the A20P/P64A mutated subunitc of Escherichia coli ATP synthase, in which the essential proline has been switched from residue 64 of the second transmembrane helix (TMH) to residue 20 of the first TMH, has been solved by 15N,1H NMR in a monophasic chloroform/methanol/water (4:4:1) solvent mixture. ThecA20P/P64A mutant grows as well as wild type, and the F0F1 complex is fully functional in ATPase-coupled H+ pumping. Residues 20 and 64 lie directly opposite to each other in the hairpin-like structure of wild type subunit c, and the prolinyl 64 residue is thought to induce a slight bend in TMH-2 such that it wraps around a more straightened TMH-1. In solution, the A20P/P64A substituted subunit calso forms a hairpin of two α-helices, with residues 41–45 forming a connecting loop as in the case of the wild type protein, but, in this case, Pro20 induces a bend in TMH-1, which then packs against a more straightened TMH-2. The essential prolinyl residue, whether at position 64 or 20, lies close to the aspartyl 61 H+ binding site. The prolinyl residue may introduce structural flexibility in this region of the protein, which may be necessary for the proposed movement of the α-helical segments during the course of the H+ pumping catalytic cycle.
Macroscopic Quantum Tunnelling and Related Matters

The last few years have seen a substantial amount of experimental and theoretical work on thequantum mechanics of macroscopic variables in low-temperature systems, and in particular on the phenomenon of "macroscopic quantum tunnelling." This talk summarizes the present situation in this area of research with emphasis on a number of currently unresolved conceptual problems, and reviews its current and potential significance for the foundations of physics.
Excess helium and neon in the southeast Pacific: Tracers for glacial meltwater

[1] We analyze helium (He) and neon (Ne) isotope data sets from the southeast Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean collected in 1992 and 1994 and describe a new method to estimate glacial meltwater fluxes independent of previous approaches. The waters sampled during these cruises reveal large atmospheric He and Ne excess concentrations in the upper 500 m that are derived predominantly from the dissolution of air contained in glacial ice during melting underneath and at the front of floating ice shelves at elevated hydrostatic pressure. On the stations sampled, the meltwater fractions are largest near the northern and southern ice shelf fronts of George VI Ice Shelf (1.5–2.5%), consistent with prior inferences from δ18O. The inventories of 4He and Ne with local glacial meltwater origin south of 70°S between 210°E and 295°E are (2.5 ± 0.7)1011 cm3STP 4He and (7.9 ± 2.7)1011 cm3STP Ne, respectively. The associated meltwater volumes are 430 ± 120 Gt for 4He and 400 ± 140 Gt for Ne. For an estimated seawater residence time of 2 years on the continental shelf, the amounts of glacial meltwater translate into bulk melting rates of 215 ± 170 Gt yr−1 for 4He and 200 ± 170 Gt yr−1 for Ne. The values derived from 4He are expected to be larger than those obtained from Ne because of the terrigenic He component, which accounts for 10–15% of the He excess in this region. Our regional melting rate of 200–215 Gt yr−1 is comparable to a prior estimate but subject to uncertainties resulting from the station distribution, the air-sea gas exchange, and the estimate of the net transport through the study region.
The hand and diabetes

Several common hand conditions such as trigger finger, carpal tunnel syndrome and Dupuytren’s disease occur up to four times more frequently in diabetic patients than in the general population and 40% of diabetics may have significant hand problems. The natural history of these conditions in diabetics and the outcome of treatment may not be the same as in the general population. In addition some diabetics develop characteristic hand problems due to restricted joint mobility. In this paper we shall review the epidemiology and outcomes of these hand conditions in diabetes.
Combined Role of Water and Surface Chemistry in Reactive Adsorption of Ammonia on Graphite Oxides

Graphite oxide synthesized using the Brodie method was tested for ammonia adsorption after two different levels of drying in dynamic conditions at the ambient temperature. Surface characterization before and after exposure to ammonia was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and potentiometric titration. On the surface of the initial materials, besides epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxylic groups, various amounts of water within the interlayer space are present. The results showed that ammonia is intercalated within the interlayer space of graphite oxides. Water enhances the amount of ammonia adsorbed via the dissolution and promotes the dissociation of surface functional groups. This enhances formation of ammonium ions. On the other hand, water screens the accessibility of epoxy and −COOH groups for reactions with ammonia and thus limits the amount adsorbed. The retention of ammonia on a partially dried graphite oxide is enhanced not only owing to those reactions b...
Using a Mand-Model Procedure to Teach Preschool Children Initial Speech Sounds

There has not been any published research literature that focused on teaching preschool children speech sounds using the mand-model procedure. This study investigated teaching the initial /l/ speech sound within words through the natural context of a storybook. There were 4 children between the ages of 3- and 5- years. A multiple probe design was used during the research study. The mand-model procedure facilitated the acquisition and production of the targeted speech sound for 3 of the 4 children. Three of the children maintained and generalized the speech sound to an activity within the child’s inclusive preschool classroom.
Glow discharge lamps as electron sources for electron impact excitation

Abstract It has been found possible to utilize the plasma in the discharge lamp of a conventional ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer as an electron source f
Schooling and environmental/sustainability education: from discourses of policy and practice to discourses of professional learning

The gap between policy rhetoric and school practices in environmental education has not only persisted but probably increased over the past twenty years, given the contested advent of education for sustainable development (ESD) as the dominant international policy discourse in this area, and an increased focus in schools on didactic teaching in traditional content areas resulting from narrowly defined accountability measures in many national educational policies. After examining changes and continuities in the discourse of environmental education/ESD and the policy contexts of schools over the past twenty years, this article argues for re‐conceptualising the rhetoric–practice gap such that practices in schools are not simply assessed in relation to policy discourse but policy discourse itself is re‐examined in relation to teachers’ practical theories and the contexts shaping their practices. Although the structures and norms of schooling continue to work against inquiry‐based action‐oriented environmental...
Possible rationale for procaine (Gerovital H3) therapy in geriatrics: inhibition of monoamine oxidase.

: Gerovital H3, a specially formulated preparation of procaine hydrochloride, has been employed for several years in the treatment of various manifestations of aging. Heretofore, there has been no pharmacologic basis for its use in geriatric patients, although procaine hydrochloride and inhibitors of the enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO), are known to have many of the same pharmacologic actions. The relative effectiveness of Gerovital H3, commercial procaine hydrochloride (Novocain), and iproniazid as MAO inhibitors was studied by means of tests involving serotonin and kynuramine metabolism by rat-brain MAO. Gerovital H3 was a more effective MAO inhibitor than commercial procaine hydrochloride but was a less effective inhibitor than iproniazid. Moreover, Gerovital H3 seemed to have a selective affinity for certain of the multiple forms of MAO. These results, in view of the recent observations on MAO levels and aging, may offer a rationale for Gerovital H3 therapy in the elderly.
Neutron-nuclear total cross sections between 30 and 300 GeV/c

We report new measurments of neutron--nuclear total cross sections obtained at Fermilab. The data are for neutron momenta between 30 and 300 GeV/c and for nuclear targets of carbon, aluminum, copper, and lead. (AIP)
Cocaine and κ-opioid withdrawal in planaria blocked by D-, but not L-, glucose

Abstract Planarians (Dugesia dorotocephala) that were exposed for 1 h to cocaine (80 μM) or to the κ-selective opioid receptor agonist U-50,488H (1 μM) displayed an abstinence-induced withdrawal syndrome, indicative of the development of physical dependence, when they were tested in cocaine- (or U-50,488H-) free water, but not when they were tested in cocaine- (or U-50,488H-) containing water. The withdrawal was manifested as a significant (P d -glucose (1 μM) or to 2-deoxy- d -glucose (2-DG, 1 μM), but not to l -glucose (1 μM), significantly attenuated (P d -glucose and 2-deoxy- d -glucose compete with a common cocaine and κ-opioid transport mechanism or that the development of physical dependence (or the inhibition of abstinence-induced withdrawal) in planarians requires energy supplied from glucose metabolism.
083 Epidemiology and Economics of a Vulnerable Population

Vulnerable populations generally have decreased access to health care, often present with advanced disease processes and experience poorer health outcomes compared to the general population. Here we report on the epidemiology and economics of a vulnerable population with chronic wounds served by an academic medical center that is the tertiary health care provider and referral center for the state of Mississippi. Data are being collected to determine if aggressive management and treatment improves health outcomes. The epidemiology of our population indicates that 48% are over 60 years of age; 45% are between 41–59 years of age; and 7% are under 40 years of age. About 61% are female and almost 39% male. Our vulnerable population is composed of 51.6% African Americans; 6.5% Native Americans; and 3.2% Hispanic Americans; with the remaining population or 38.7% Caucasian. The etiologies of wounds seen are 31% diabetic/neuropathic and 28.5% venous; followed by smaller percentages of surgically treated diabetic and venous wounds. We have found that this population commonly presents with a single wound, but that more than half (>50%) present with two or more wounds. A majority of these individuals (77%) visit the clinic more than two times, with most, or 44% visiting the clinic from two to five times. A smaller percentage, or about 30% visit the clinic six or more times. About 61% are either Medicare or Medicaid, or a combination, while the remainder are covered by private insurance (23%), workman’s compensation (3.2%), or are self-pay (12.9%). Despite this profile, the aggressive integration of a social worker in our clinic results in 35.5% being followed by home health. Thus, we will present data on whether the opening of a specialized treatment center results in better health outcomes in vulnerable populations once individuals receive appropriate referral and treatment.
The Impact of Overnight Wear on the Risk of Contact Lens—Associated Ulcerative Keratitis

Objective: To assess the relative risk of contact lens—associated ulcerative keratitis by lens type and related lenswearing behavior. Design: Case-control study. Setting/Participants: Forty practice-based case patients with contact lens—associated ulcerative keratitis and 180 control patients matched to the case patients' dispensing practitioner and date of contact lens prescription. Results: Compared with users of daily-wear soft lenses, users of disposable soft contact lenses had a 13.33-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.35 to 33.20) excess risk of ulcerative keratitis. However, after adjusting for overnight wear, the excess risk associated with disposable contact lenses is reduced to 3.21 (95% CI, 1.22 to 14.36). Overall, overnight wear of contact lenses conferred an 8.25-fold excess risk (95% CI, 3.33 to 25.58) of ulcerative keratitis after controlling for lens type. No protective effect of standard compared with substandard lens hygiene was found. The risk of ulcerative keratitis attributable to overnight wear was estimated at 49% for users of daily-wear lenses and 74% for users of lenses approved for overnight wear. Conclusion: Overnight wear of contact lenses is the overwhelming risk factor for ulcerative keratitis among contact lens users. We estimate that 49% to 74% of cases of contact lens—associated ulcerative keratitis could be prevented by eliminating overnight wear.
Squamous cell carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst: A case report with review of the literature

Carcinoma arising within a thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is exceedingly uncommon, occurring in about 1% of TGDC (Chrisoulidou et al., 2013 [1]). Since the first description of TGDC carcinoma in 1911 by Brentano, approximately 200 cases have been reported in the world literature, mostly as single case reports making its true incidence difficult to determine (Hanna, 1996 [2]). There are numerous reports in the literature of papillary and follicular TGDC carcinoma, but only limited reports of squamous cell carcinoma. In order for a lesion to qualify as squamous cell carcinoma of a TGDC, the lesion must arise from the epithelial lining. Recognition and understanding of this entity are important in staging and planning of treatment. Exclusion of primary squamous cell carcinoma arising from an adjacent structure or metastatic central compartment nodal disease is important in the evaluation for diagnosis to be confirmed. A thorough work up should be undertaken to exclude other primary malignancies that may have metastasized. We present a unique case of squamous cell carcinoma, along with supporting pathology and radiology imaging. We then review this rare entity and provide some insight into the diagnosis and management.
TH‐C‐210A‐02: Principles of Perfusion Measurement with CT

CT has been used as a tool for determining blood perfusion to a diverse group of organ systems including the kidney, the lungs, the myocardium and the brain. Improvements in CT scanner design have improved and expanded capabilities for perfusion assessment, for example, faster scan times have enabled shorter sample duration and increased the number of samples that can be acquired per unit time. Greater x‐ray beam width in the Z‐axis and more rapid and controlled table movement have increased the coverage area. Gating techniques have reduced patient motion problems in some organs. However, perfusion studies remain challenging in many organs and in many patients. Artifacts, including beam hardening and streaking, and inherent limitations, including noise and partial volume effects, can limit the accuracy of measurements. In this talk, methods for CT perfusion measurements will be reviewed. Developments in CT that have improved perfusion measurements will be discussed and sources of error will be described. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the principles of perfusion measurement with CT 2. Review the sources for error in perfusion measurements with CT
Neurospora Importin α Is Required for Normal Heterochromatic Formation and DNA Methylation

Heterochromatin and associated gene silencing processes play roles in development, genome defense, and chromosome function. In many species, constitutive heterochromatin is decorated with histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) and cytosine methylation. In Neurospora crassa, a five-protein complex, DCDC, catalyzes H3K9 methylation, which then directs DNA methylation. Here, we identify and characterize a gene important for DCDC function, dim-3 (defective in methylation-3), which encodes the nuclear import chaperone NUP-6 (Importin α). The critical mutation in dim-3 results in a substitution in an ARM repeat of NUP-6 and causes a substantial loss of H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. Surprisingly, nuclear transport of all known proteins involved in histone and DNA methylation, as well as a canonical transport substrate, appear normal in dim-3 strains. Interactions between DCDC members also appear normal, but the nup-6dim-3 allele causes the DCDC members DIM-5 and DIM-7 to mislocalize from heterochromatin and NUP-6dim-3 itself is mislocalized from the nuclear envelope, at least in conidia. GCN-5, a member of the SAGA histone acetyltransferase complex, also shows altered localization in dim-3, raising the possibility that NUP-6 is necessary to localize multiple chromatin complexes following nucleocytoplasmic transport.
SNTV and d'hondt are ‘equivalent’

Abstract This paper focuses primarily on systems in which each voter has a single (non-transferable) vote. For such systems, it shows that, if the district magnitude and distribution of vote support among parties are held constant and some empirically attainable conditions are met, then the d'Hondt PR formula and the plurality rule formula will yield identical seat allocations. This result will seem less surprising once the definition of plurality rule is understood, but will remain instructive. The paper also shows that, district magnitude held constant, d'Hondt and plurality rule have identical thresholds of exclusion. These technical results are used to illustrate broader terminogical and conceptual confusions in the empirical literature. For example, I argue that current interpretations of Duverger's Law, emphasizing the electoral formula, are misleading.
Increase in ovarian α-inhibin gene expression and plasma immunoreactive inhibin level is correlated with a decrease in ovulation rate in the domestic hen

This study was designed to examine the relationship among ovulation rate, inhibin α-subunit gene expression, and plasma immunoreactive inhibin levels between hens laying at a high ovulation rate and hens laying at a low ovulation rate. A porcine inhibin α-subunit cDNA was used to examine the expression of inhibin α-subunit in the granulosa cell layers of preovulatory chicken follicles. Total RNA was extracted from granulosa layers of hens laying at a high and low rate and used in slot blot analyses. A dose-related increase in signal intensity with increasing doses of RNA for hens laying at a high and low rate was observed. The expression of the α-subunit of inhibin (per microgram of RNA) in granulosa layers of hens laying at a low rate was found to be greater than that in hens laying at a high rate (P < 0.001). Different groups of hens laying at the same rates as those used in the RNA determinations were selected for determination of plasma inhibin levels. Plasma samples from those hens laying at a high and low rate were collected from 1000 to 1800 hr at 2-hr intervals. Plasma inhibin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by RIA. Plasma inhibin level was higher in hens laying at a low rate than that in those laying at a high rate (P < 0.05), while plasma LH level in hens laying at a low rate was lower than that in hens with a high ovulation rate (P < 0.01). There was no difference in plasma FSH level associated with rate of lay. Results in this study suggest that the ovulation rate-related changes in inhibin α-subunit gene expression and plasma immunoreactive inhibin level do not directly affect ovulation rate through a modulation of plasma FSH level.
The combat experience of military surgical assets in Iraq and Afghanistan: a historical review.

Abstract Background The Forward Surgical Team and Combat Support Hospital have been used extensively only during the past decade in Iraq and Afghanistan. The scope of their operational experience and historical development remain to be described. Methods The literature was searched to obtain publications regarding the historical development of Forward Surgical Teams and Combat Support Hospitals, as well as their surgical experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan. Relevant publications were reviewed in full and their results summarized. Results The doctrine behind the use of modern military surgical assets was not well developed at the start of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. The Forward Surgical Team and Combat Support Hospital were used in practice only over the past decade. Because of the nature of these conflicts, both types of modern military surgical assets have not been used as intended and such units have operated in various roles, including combat support elements and civilian medical treatment facilities. Conclusions As more research comes to light, a better appreciation for the future of American military medicine and surgery will develop.
TF-CBT triangle of life: a game to help with cognitive behavioral therapy

Under direction of medical professionals associated with the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, a mobile game was developed for children ages 10-12 to teach the Cognitive Triangle concept of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. This triangle is an essential component of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). A storybook experience with minigames was quickly prototyped, but first playtests showed a lack of engagement with children. The game was revised to emphasize side-scroller platform advancement where success in a level was tied intrinsically to cognitive triangle classification. Children rated the game highly across a series of playtests. The game has potential to be used by clinicians delivering TF-CBT as an appealing exercise for children.
Some observations on the determination of soap in refined oil

Recovery experiments which were made by two quite different procedures indicate that the most satisfactory approach to a solution of the problem of determining the soap content of a refined oil probably rests upon the assumption that the chloride which is formed upon the addition of hydrochloric acid is an index of the quantity present. At soap concentrations of 100 pts/M2 and less, the Durst method, as modified by Stillman, was found to be quantitative for all practical purposes.
Separation of peptides by high-performance liquid chromatography on a weak anion-exchange bonded phase

Abstract Mullticomponent peptide mixtures were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a MicroPak AX-10 column, a silica-based bonded-phase weak anion exchanger. A gradient of increasing 0.01 M triethylammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.0) into acetonitrile was usually used for elution. For peptides containing a number of acidic amino acids without compensating basic residues, such as delta sleep-inducing peptide, a dilute 0.04 M formic acid solution (pH 2.6) was employed as the eluent. Peptides of up to about 30 residues were successfully tested, including peptides such as somatostatin neurotensin, ribonucleases s -peptide, α-endorphin, glucagon, and various angiotensins and bradykinins. Tryptic digests of horse heart cytochrome c , calmodulin and reduced and alkylated hen egg-white lysozyme were also successfully examined. Because of the volatility of the eluents used, peptides can be readily isolated for further investigation. Recoveries of over 80% were observed in those cases tested by comparative amino acid analysis.
Template-directed extension of a guanosine 5'-phosphate covalently attached to an oligodeoxycytidylate template.

We have prepared molecules in which a guanosine 5′-phosphate (pG) residue is attached to the 3′ terminus of a decadeoxycytidylate (pdC)10 template via diamine linkers H2N(CH2) n NH2,n=4–7. The pG residue acts as a primer and is extended very efficiently by incubation with activated pG derivatives to give products containing 6–9 G residues in >80% yield. The detailed nature of the product distribution is discussed.
Can the Coulomb and Landau Gauges Be Interpolated

We have constructed the Hilbert space of free quantum electrodynamics in a gauge that formally interpolates the Coulomb and Landau gauges: 8' A,+ X8' Ao =0. The limit as A --+0 of the photon propagator in this gauge does not reproduce the propagator in the Coulomb gauge. We infer that the source of this difference lies in the non-uniformity of the limiting procedure which converts the hyperbolic differential equation for Ao to an elliptic one.
Failure to maintain an aspirin-desensitized state in a patient with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background Aspirin desensitization is a useful therapy in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Objective To describe the clinical course of a man with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease who was unable to be desensitized to oral aspirin. Methods A standard aspirin desensitization protocol was used to achieve a maximum dose of 650 mg of oral aspirin. The patient initially tolerated this dose of aspirin. Results Within days of desensitization, the patient began to react to 650 mg of aspirin. Monitored challenge with this dose of aspirin led to marked decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and pronounced nasal and ocular symptoms. Conclusions We present a patient with classic aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, who despite undergoing a standard aspirin desensitization protocol was unable to maintain his desensitized state.
How to train a discriminative front end with stochastic gradient descent and maximum mutual information

This paper presents a general discriminative training method for the front end of an automatic speech recognition system. The SPLICE parameters of the front end are trained using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) of a maximum mutual information (MMI) objective function. SPLICE is chosen for its ability to approximate both linear and non-linear transformations of the feature space. SGD is chosen for its simplicity of implementation. Results are presented on both the Aurora 2 small vocabulary task and the WSJ Nov-92 medium vocabulary task. It is shown that the discriminative front end is able to consistently increase system accuracy across different front end configurations and tasks
Mosaic-based Modeling and Rendering of Large-Scale Dynamic Scenes for Internet Applications

3D models of large-scale scenes available on the Internet today are largely manually created. Thus it takes a long time to create them for cities and update them as those cities that are already modeled continue to change. Multiple parallel-perspective mosaics can be generated from video automatically and more efficiently and can be used to reconstruct 3D scenes faster. A lot of video currently exists on the Internet, many of which are of aerial scenes that are currently not being utilized to their full potential. Reconstructing scenes from video provides the benefit of containing dynamic activity and texture information of the scenes in addition to the 3D structure data.
Highly oriented crystals at the buried interface in polythiophene thin-film transistors

Thin films of polymer semiconductors are being intensively investigated for large-area electronics applications such as light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells and thin-film transistors. Understanding the relationship between film morphology and charge transport is key to improving the performance of thin-film transistors. Here we use X-ray diffraction rocking curves to provide direct evidence for highly oriented crystals at the critical buried interface between the polymer and the dielectric where the current flows in thin-film transistors. Treating the substrate surface with self-assembled monolayers significantly varies the concentration of these crystals. We show that the polymer morphology at the buried interface can be different from that in the bulk of the thin films, and provide insight into the processes that limit charge transport in polythiophene films. These results are used to build a more complete model of the relationship between chain packing in polymer thin-films and charge transport.
Balloon rupture during stent implantation: A novel technique of salvage with a new manual power injector

Pinhole leak or rupture of a stent delivery balloon is a well-recognized technical problem encountered in vascular interventions. This event leads to inadequate stent expansion. These stents cannot be fully deployed with the same balloon and frequently the balloon cannot be retrieved without dislodging the stent. We describe a technique for successful stent deployment in such situations using the Oz Power Syringe, a new manual power injector. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 48:74-77, 1999.
An Improved Interpolation Method for Wind Power Curves

In this paper, a new interpolation formula is proposed to represent real WP curves. The generated curve bears the curvature resemblance to real WP curves, overcoming one of the intrinsic drawbacks of conventional linear, quadratic, and cubic formulas. Moreover, the parameters of this formula can be determined by a system of linear equations, expediting the construction procedure. Furthermore, this formula has a simple structure, adapting the transform procedure of the probability distribution function of stochastic wind speed.