cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The AML Prognostic Marker, AF1q, Is Directly Regulated by MiR-29b.

Abstract 2603 Poster Board II-579 We have consistently shown that elevated expression of AF1q, an MLL fusion partner, is a poor prognostic biomarker for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), adult AML with normal cytogenetics (NC-AML), and adult myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, the underlying mechanism of how AF1q is regulated in normal and abnormal hematopoiesis is still unclear. Our previous studies suggest that AF1q is highly regulated during hematopoietic cell differentiation and development and it is known that genes related to cell development and differentiation are likely to be regulated by various microRNAs. We used a variety of the web based programs to identify microRNA candidates that may potentially regulate AF1q based on the predicted targeting efficiency. We found the strongest predicted binder to the AF1q 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) was miR-29b, a member of the miR-29 family which has recently been characterized to regulate a member of the Bcl-2 family protein, Mcl-1 and other leukemia related oncogenes. We found that MiR-29b expression had a significantly inverse correlation (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Omadacycline: A Review of the Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

Omadacycline is a novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic (antibacterial). Omadacycline has had chemical structure modifications at the C9 and C7 positions of the core tetracycline rings that allow stability in the efflux pump and ribosomal protection protein mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. The systemic exposure (i.e., maximum plasma concentrations [Cmax] and area under the plasma concentration–time curve [AUC]) after intravenous (IV) administration were linear and predictable over the dose range of 25 and 600 mg in healthy subjects. The oral bioavailability of omadacycline was 34.5% under fasted conditions (no food intake 6 h before and 4 h after dosing). Both AUC and Cmax values significantly decreased (41–61%) when a high-fat meal, with and without dairy, were administered 2 h before oral dosing of omadacycline. Similar to other tetracyclines, it is advisable to avoid concurrent administration of divalent- or trivalent cation-containing products (e.g., antacids and iron-containing preparations) for at least 4 h after oral administration of omadacycline. Omadacycline has a large volume of distribution (190 L) and low plasma protein binding (21.3%) that was concentration independent. Systemic exposure of omadacycline in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages was greater than in plasma in healthy adult subjects. Omadacycline is excreted unchanged in the feces (81.1%) and urine (14.4%), and has a low potential for drug–drug interactions since it was not a substrate, inhibitor, or inducer of major cytochrome-metabolizing enzymes or organic anion transporters (OATs). No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of omadacycline have been observed for age, sex, and renal or hepatic impairment. Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic studies have confirmed that the AUC from time zero to 24 h (AUC24)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio was the best index for correlating unbound plasma and total-drug ELF concentrations with the efficacy of omadacycline. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with data from healthy subjects and infected patients and used to establish interpretive criteria for in vitro susceptibility testing and dosing regimens of omadacycline for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.
The impact of deportation policies on the substance using behaviors of US-citizen Latinos.

Abstract Background Scant data has found that the deportation of a migrant family member has adverse health consequences for their US-citizen family members. However, no study has investigated how the detention or deportations of others (e.g., family, friends) relate to the alcohol and drug-using behaviors of US-citizen Latinos. Methods From April to May 2019, 3,446 adult participants of White, Black, and Latino racial/ethnic descent were recruited to complete a self-administered, structured, online questionnaire. Analyses were restricted to US-citizens only (n = 3,282). Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise and the Substance Use Brief Screen scale, the two dependent outcome variables were hazardous drinking and symptoms of a drug use disorder (DUD). Three separate multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to explore how Latinos who personally knew a detained or deported migrant, and their relationship to the detainee/deportee (e.g., family, friend), related to each outcome, relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Results Overall 39% of Latinos reported personally knowing a detained or deported migrant. In multivariable analyses, Latinos who knew a detained or deported migrant had significantly higher odds of reporting hazardous drinking and DUD symptoms relative to Whites. Latinos who had a family member detained or deported had 3.91 times the odds of reporting symptoms of DUD, respectively, than Whites. Latinos who had a friend detained or deported had also greater odds of reporting hazardous drinking and DUD symptoms than Whites. Importantly, Latinos who did not personally know a detainee or deportee were not any more likely than Whites to report hazardous drinking and DUD symptoms. Conclusion Findings underscore that detentions and deportations may be influencing the substance using behaviors of US-citizen Latinos and may potentially exacerbate or perpetuate substance abuse-related disparities. Public health and policy implications are discussed.
Direct Cost of Surgically Treated Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries

Purpose The economic implications of brachial plexus injuries (BPI) in the United States are not well understood. The purpose of our study was to quantify the direct costs associated with surgical treatment of BPI after traumatic injury in adults, which would enable future study of the societal value of surgical reconstruction. Methods Using an administrative database of patients with commercial insurance, a cohort of patients aged 18 to 64 years with BPI treated surgically from 2007 to 2015 was assembled and assessed for index admission associated with BPI surgery and all payments toward claims (including medical, surgical, therapy, and pharmacy claims) for 1 year after surgery. Results Among 189 patients undergoing surgery for BPI, median direct payments were $38,816 (interquartile range: $18,209 to $72,411; minimum: $3,512; maximum: $732,641). Conclusions Relative to recently published data for the indirect cost of traumatic BPI (median: $801,723), direct payments for 1 year after surgical treatment represent 4.6% of the total long-term cost of BPI. In the context of existing literature demonstrating cost-effectiveness in models of BPI surgical care, our data suggest that surgery and other interventions to maximize return to work after traumatic BPI in adults may be beneficial to society. Type of study/level of evidence Economic and Decision Analyses IV.
The Preservation of Paradox: Bismarck Towers as National Metaphor and Local Reality

Solving geographic questions is a complex task. To address key geographic issues, the discipline has developed a wide variety of research techniques. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have, as a tool and sub-discipline, become ubiquitous for scholars looking to address issues tied to patterns on the surface of the earth. A key trend within GIS has been to incorporate alternative frameworks for software and research design. Narrative tools have been used in a variety of ways with respect to such systems while alternative types of data beyond traditional GIS archetypes have been explored. In the past several years, humanities-based scholarship has made key contributions to reframing what GIS can be. This chapter follows a humanities GIS framework while incorporating standard GIS tools to allow us to rethink geographical and historical processes. Commemorative research represents the complexity inherent in a geographic approach. While memorials are the realization of a myriad of local drivers over time, memorials also have contexts grounded in larger geographic realities. The network of memorials to Otto von Bismarck, first minister-president of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the first chancellor of the German Empire, represents the tension between place and wider geographic discourses. Approximately 240 Bismarck Tower memorials were built between 1867 and 1935. While each tower is grounded within a specific local narrative, they were meant to provide a link to a larger discourse on national identity within the community. This chapter uses kernel density estimation (KDE) as a geo-visualization and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) technique to uncover national patterns of the tower network that can guide our thinking of specific memorials and how we might better understand their development.
Improved feasibility of astronaut short-radius artificial gravity through a 50-day incremental, personalized, vestibular acclimation protocol.

The "Coriolis" cross-coupled (CC) illusion has historically limited the tolerability of utilizing fast-spin rate, short-radius centrifugation for in-flight artificial gravity. Previous research confirms that humans acclimate to the CC illusion over 10 daily sessions, though the efficacy of additional training is unknown. We investigated human acclimation to the CC illusion over up to 50 daily sessions of personalized, incremental training. During each 25-min session, subjects spun in yaw and performed roll head tilts approximately every 30 s, reporting the presence or absence of the illusion while rating motion sickness every 5 min. Illusion intensity was modulated by altering spin rate based upon subject response, such that the administered stimulus remained near each individual's instantaneous illusion threshold. Every subject (n = 11) continued to acclimate linearly to the CC illusion during the investigation. Subjects acclimated at an average rate of 1.17 RPM per session (95% CI: 0.63-1.71 RPM per session), with the average tolerable spin rate increasing from 1.4 to 26.2 RPM, corresponding to a reduction in required centrifuge radius from 456.6 to 1.3 m (to produce loading of 1 g at the feet). Subjects reported no more than slight motion sickness throughout their training (mean: 0.92/20, 95% CI: 0.35-1.49/20). We applied survival analysis to determine the probability of individuals reaching various spin rates over a number of training days, providing a tolerability trade parameter for centrifuge design. Results indicate that acclimation to a given, operationally relevant spin rate may be feasible for all subjects if given a sufficient training duration.
Disparities in access to fertility care: who’s in and who’s out

Objective To study the racial and socioeconomic characteristics of women seeking fertility care in a state with mandated insurance coverage for fertility testing and treatment. Design Cross-sectional, self-administered survey. Setting Academic fertility center in Illinois. Patient(s) Of 5,000 consecutive fertility care patients, 1,460 completed the survey and were included in the study sample. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Details about demographic characteristics and health care access on the basis of patient race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Result(s) The mean age of participants was 36.1 years; 75.5% were White, 10.2% Asian, 7.3% Black, 5.7% Latinx, and 1.3% Other. Most women had a bachelor’s (35.5%) or master’s degree (40.5%) and an annual household income of >$100,000 (81.5%). Black and Hispanic women traveled twice as far (median 10 miles) as White and Asian women (median 5 miles for both) for treatment. Black women (14.7%) were more likely to report that their race was a barrier to getting fertility treatment compared with White (0.0%), Hispanic (5.1%), and Asian (5.4%) women. Black and Hispanic women were approximately twice as likely to report income level (26.5% and 20.3%, respectively) and weight (7.8% and 8.9%, respectively) as barriers compared with White and Asian respondents. Conclusion(s) Significant racial and socioeconomic disparities exist among fertility patients accessing care. Beyond providing all Americans with health insurance that covers fertility treatment, further research in the general population is needed to understand the complex social, cultural, racial, and economic factors that prohibit many individuals from accessing needed fertility care.
The Practices of Forgiving: Replies

I am indebted to Lucy Allais, Glen Pettigrove, and Luke Russell for the extended comments they have generously offered on my paper. With so much penetrating engagement with the issues addressed I f...
Rurality, Region, Ethnic Community Make-Up and Alcohol Use Among Rural Youth

Purpose: As the most widely used substance among adolescents in the United States, alcohol remains a critical public health issue. The majority of research in this area has focused on individual-level variables. This study examined the contextual effects of rurality, geographic region, and community ethnicity in the prediction of alcohol use among adolescent youth. Method: Participants were 7th-12th grade students from a sample of 260 rural communities across the United States, with oversampling for predominantly Mexican American and African American communities. The total sample comprised 213,225 students. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate both individual and contextual effects for use of alcohol and getting drunk. Findings: Those living in more rural communities were somewhat more likely to have used alcohol and gotten drunk than their less rural counterparts. Consistent with a trend toward a narrowing gender gap across a number of substances, gender differences in alcohol use were not large, except in the South. A minority in a community, eg, a white student in an African American community, had greater risk for alcohol use and getting drunk. Conclusions: Models of alcohol use among rural youth that include only individual-level variables are likely to result in misleading results. While students from varying levels of rurality may not differ substantially from one another, geographic region and minority status within communities are likely to interact with individual-level variables, resulting in unique patterns of alcohol use and getting drunk.
Using standardized patients to teach breast evaluation to sophomore medical students

Abstract In response to the current emphasis on health maintenance and disease prevention, the authors developed a comprehensive education program in which sophomore medical students interview a standardized patient about breast problems and risk factors, receive one‐on‐one instruction from the standardized patient during the clinical breast examination, and practice recommendations for screening and instruction in breast self‐examination. In this pilot study sophomore students who underwent the comprehensive education program were compared with students who received the traditional, didactic instruction and practiced on plastic breast models. The students who received the didactic instruction had mean scores on a multiple‐choice knowledge‐base pretest and posttest of 54.6% and 76.8%, respectively. The students who participated in the comprehensive education program had mean pretest and posttest scores of 51.2% and 78.5%, respectively. All students participated in a practical test of the clinical breast e...
Unidirectional crystallization of potassium disilicate: I. Model for nonisothermal crystal growth

Abstract The rate of interface controlled crystal growth is derived for nonisothermal conditions by considering the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient, the viscosity and the interface site factor. Exact solutions for the crystal length as a function of time are obtained for a constant cooling rate. A numerical method of solution is presented for general cooling conditions where the temperature dependence of the interface is known. The theory is applied with very good agreement to experimental data on the rate of growth of directionally crystallized potassium disilicate.
Characterization of T-Even Bacteriophage Substructures I. Tail Fibers and Tail Tubes

Abstract T-even bacteriophages were grown and purified in bulk quantities. The protein coats were disrupted into their component substructures by treatment with 67% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Tail fibers and tubes were purified on glycerol-CsCl-D2O gradients and examined with respect to sedimentation properties, subunit molecular weights, amino acid composition, isoelectric points, and morphology. It was found that intact tail fibers had a sedimentation coefficient of 12 to 13S and that dissociated fibers consisted of three classes of proteins having molecular weights of 150 K ± 10, 42 K ± 4, and 28 K ± 3 daltons. A model was constructed in which the 150-K subunit folded back on itself twice to give a three-stranded rope. Each 150-K subunit then represented a half-fiber and it was proposed that the role of the 42- and 28-K subunits was to hold each half-fiber together as well as serve as a possible link with other substructures. Isoelectric point studies also indicated that there were three different proteins with pI values of 3.5, 5.7, and 8.0. Amino acid analyses indicated that fibers had a composition distinct from other phage substructures. In addition, a striking difference was noted in the content of tryptophan among the phages examined. T4B had three to five times more tryptophan than did T2L, T2H, T4D, and T6. Intact tail tubes had an S20,w of 31 to 38S and dissociated tubes consisted of three proteins of molecular weights 57 K ± 5, 38 K ± 4, and 25 K ± 3 daltons. Based on degradation studies with DMSO, it was proposed that these three proteins were arranged in a helical array yielding the tube structure. Isoelectric point studies indicated that there were three major proteins in the tube whose pI values were 5.1, 5.7, and 8.5. No significant differences were observed in the amino acid content of tubes obtained from all the T-even bacteriophages.
Localization of multiple acoustic sources in the shallow ocean

An iterative, rotated coordinates inversion technique is applied in conjunction with spatial narrowband filters in matrix form to localize multiple acoustic sources in the shallow ocean. When the iterative, rotated coordinates inversion technique is applied to broadband horizontal line array data designed to simulate a group of moving ships, the bearing of the loudest source is quickly identified. Both passband and stop band matrix filters are constructed for an angular sector centered on the identified bearing. Data filtered with the passband filters are used in the inversion to obtain estimates of the remaining source parameters, range, depth, course angle and speed, and prominent environmental parameters. Additional inversions applied to data modified by the stop band filters yield the bearing of the next loudest source. The procedure is repeated until all detectable sources have been localized. Results of applying this strategy to several simulated cases are presented.
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICE PROVIDERS

This study examines the importance of nineteen selection criteria consumers might use in their choice of a professional service provider. Factor analysis reduced the variables to five factors—knowledge, comfort, time, social reputation, and accessibility. The results present strong implications for competitiveness of professional service providers, with knowledge and comfort items representing those most important to individuals.
Semiparametric regression splines in matched case-control studies.

Nous developpons des methodes semi-parametriques pour des etudes cas-temoin apparies, en utilisant les splines de regression. Trois methodes sont developpees : un schema approximatif de validation croisee pour estimer le parametre de lissage inherent aux splines de regression, et egalement des methodes Monte Carlo de type EM (MCEM), et bayesienne pour ajuster le modele de spline de regression. Nous comparons l'approche approximative de validation croisee, les approches MCEM et bayesienne par simulation, et nous montrons qu'elles apparaissent approximativement de meme efficacite, la methode approximative par validation croisee semblant la plus interessante sur le plan des calculs. Un exemple d'epidemiologie equine ayant motive ce travail, est utilise pour expliciter nos approches.
Laser processing of sol-gel coatings for infrared applications

A new laser processing technique was proposed and demonstrated for producing high-temperature sol-gel coatings on substrates like ZnSe or chalcogenide infrared fibers which cannot be exposed to relatively high temperatures involved in most sol- gel processes. Our approach is similar to the 'indirect writing' technique except that an air gap is inserted between the sol-gel coating and the light absorber so as not to affect the optical coating. Our processing technique integrates optical sol-gel coatings having tailored properties of porosity, surface area, and surface affinity with substrate materials used for integrated and fiber optic infrared technologies such as optical sensors.
Application of 40 KW Power Darlington Transistors in Large DC to DC Converters and Motor Speed Control

General Electric Company has developed the D67D (a high speed darlington) power transistor rated at 400 Volts (sustaining) and collector currents of 100 Amps continuous (160 Amps peak). The devices are monolithic and utilize a new power package which is available in the isolated (R ?JC = .4°C/W max.) and non-isolated (R ?JC = .25°C/W max.) collector configurations. Some typical applications for the device would be for motor control and switching power supplies. Some design considerations are detailed which show the D67D as the power switch for a (1) push-pull output stage, (2) buck converter, and (3) inverter for a 10 H.P. induction motor.
Grain boundary segregation in yttrium-doped polycrystalline TiO2

Abstract Grain boundary segregation of yttrium in titanium dioxide is studied systematically as a function of dopant concentration. Local grain boundary defect chemistry is quantitatively determined by analytical transmission electron microscopy and compared to equilibrium space-charge segregation models that incorporate both the electrostatic and elastic strain-energy driving forces for solute segregation. The thermodynamic models show that the elastic strain-energy driving force dominates in this system and that the electrostatic driving force contributes a 10–20% correction to the total solute segregation. In comparison to the experimental results, the theoretical models provide good predictions for several grain boundary parameters including local stoichiometry, solute interfacial excess and space-charge layer thickness.
Vigorous exercise can cause abnormal pulmonary function in healthy adolescents

Rationale: Although exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is more common in adolescents with asthma, it also manifests in healthy individuals without asthma. The steady-state exercise protocol is widely used and recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) as a method to diagnose exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Airway narrowing in response to exercise is thought to be related to airway wall dehydration secondary to hyperventilation. More rigorous exercise protocols may have a role in detecting exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in those who otherwise have a normal response to steady-state exercise challenge.Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two different exercise protocols—a constant work rate protocol and a progressive ramp protocol—on pulmonary function testing in healthy adolescents. We hypothesized that vigorous exercise protocols would lead to reductions in lung function in healthy adolescents.Methods: A total of 56 healthy adolescents (mean age, 15.2...
Direct intrauterine sampling : The IUMC Endometrial Sampler

Endometrial cytology has been studied for more than 25 years, and a variety of cytologic devices have been developed for direct sampling of the endometrium. The quality of endometrial samples procured by various devices is markedly different and greatly affects the diagnostic accuracy. A new endometrial sampling device, the IUMC Endometrial Sampler, was developed at the Indiana University Medical Center and approved by the Food and Drug Administration for general medical use. This device is intended for the early detection of endometrial carcinoma and its precursors. It can be used to monitor the endometrial condition of patients receiving estrogen replacement therapy or tamoxifen. It is also useful for the procurement of uncontaminated endometrial samples for microbiologic studies from patients with suspected endometritis. It has the potential to be used for endometrial dating for patients with infertility disorders. In our clinical trials and sampling tests using hysterectomy specimens, adequate and representative endometrial samples without contamination from endocervix and vagina were consistently obtained by this device. The procedure of endometrial sampling using this device and the preparation techniques for endometrial brushing specimens are discussed and illustrated.
Thermographic characterisation of a laser surface engineered ceramic coating on metal

Laser-material interactions consist of complex, and generally short-lived, but intense events. Hence, many important aspects and effects of these interactions are not directly measurable, such as temperature distributions within the material. In the present study, the effect of temperature distribution on the residual stresses developed during laser surface engineering of ceramic composite coating on metal has been investigated. Infrared thermography technique has been employed as a means to measure the temperature distribution within the substrate while the laser beam is directed at the surface of the coating. Temperature distribution is generally a function of the laser input parameters, such as the laser beam power and the traverse velocity of the beam. Hence, variation in the temperature distribution and the consequent stresses developed within the composite coating due to the changing input parameters have also been investigated. The rapid processing in complement with precise control of the process based on in-situ thermographic measurements provides numerous opportunities for a high power laser as a advanced manufacturing tool.
Exposure of coelomocytes from the earthworm Eisenia hortensis to Cu, Cd, and dimethylbenz[a]anthracene: An in vitro study examining reactive oxygen species production and immune response inhibition

Abstract The principal aims of this study were to investigate the in vitro effects of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the effect of DMBA on immune function (phagocytosis) in coelomocyte samples isolated from the earthworm Eisenia hortensis. Using a fluorogenic indicator of ROS, dihydrorhodamine 123, we show that earthworm coelomocytes are induced to produce significant increases in ROS when exposed to Cu or Cd at 32–250 μM, an effect diminished by the chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). DMBA also induced significant ROS production in the range of 20–400 μM compared to controls. Testing the effect of DMBA on cellular immune mechanisms, we used a phagocytosis assay to reveal an immunosuppressive effect of DMBA (50–200 μM) on the capacity of hyaline amoebocytes to ingest fluorescent Escherichia coli. These studies illustrate the relative ease and efficiency of these in vitro procedures for testing the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants, including heavy metals and PAHs, using earthworm coelomocytes as indicators of oxidative stress and immune response impairment.
An evaluation of methodologies for the generation of stochastic hydraulic conductivity fields in highly heterogeneous aquifers

Stochastic techniques, such as Monte Carlo experiments, are more and more frequently used for the study of flow and transport in heterogeneous aquifers. When the aquifer is composed of distinct hydrofacies, a common way to model heterogeneity is to first generate equally-possible hydrofacies fields, and then convert these hydrofacies fields into hydraulic conductivity (K) fields by assigning a single K value to each facies. This technique assumes relative homogeneity of K within each facies but may not be appropriate for the most conductive facies that often exhibits substantial variability. In this paper, we assessed the impacts of assigning multiple random K, rather than a uniform K value, to the highly conductive facies on the results of a flow and transport model. A set of fifty stochastic hydrofacies maps depicting an environment similar to the Snake River Plain aquifer (SRPA) in south-east Idaho were generated. Simulations demonstrated that a uniform K value, if carefully chosen, can reasonably reproduce the specific discharges and early particle arrival times produced by multiple K values. Yet, the results obtained with a uniform K value are dramatically less variable than those obtained with multiple K values. It is therefore concluded that stochastic simulations with uniform K assigned to the most conductive and variable facies do not necessarily portray the entire uncertainty in the analyses.
Macro- and Micro-Management Reforms of China's Higher Educational System in the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC)

The 1985 "Resolution of the CPC Central Committee Concerning Educational Reform" had the dual aim of strengthening the macro-management of higher education at the central ministry level while increasing micro-management autonomy at the institutional level. The purpose of this article is to examine the reform provisions of this Resolution in the light of past organizational precedents, present educational problems, and future modernization goals. The article discusses the division of administrative authority and function between central administration and local institutions established under the provisions as well as the new distinction between politics and administration in university operations. The durability and applicability of this reform is brought into question by the recent dismissals of several university administrators who used their newly-granted autonomy to encourage "bourgeois democracy."
Short communication. Witch's milk: potential for neonatal diagnosis

The study population comprised 106 infants ranging from 4 days to 19 wk old. Fluid (witch's milk) was obtained from the infants breasts by manual expression. To measure volume, fluid was drawn into calibrated capillary pipettes. The frequency of obtaining witch's milk was 71% for all infants and 100% for infants less than 3 wk of age. It declined with increasing age. The median volume of fluid obtained was 20 microliter per sampling for all infants and 55 microliter for babies less than 3 wk of age. Frequency of witch's milk recovery was significantly related to the degree of manual pressure applied but was not related to sex of the baby.
A novel role of cytosolic protein synthesis inhibition in aminoglycoside ototoxicity

Ototoxicity is a main dose-limiting factor in the clinical application of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Despite longstanding research efforts, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying aminoglycoside ototoxicity remains limited. Here we report the discovery of a novel stress pathway that contributes to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell degeneration. Modifying the previously developed bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging method, we used click chemistry to study the role of protein synthesis activity in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell stress. We demonstrate that aminoglycosides inhibit protein synthesis in hair cells and activate a signaling pathway similar to ribotoxic stress response, contributing to hair cell degeneration. The ability of a particular aminoglycoside to inhibit protein synthesis and to activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway correlated well with its ototoxic potential. Finally, we report that a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug known to inhibit ribotoxic stress response also prevents JNK activation and improves hair cell survival, opening up novel strategies to prevent and treat aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
Friction loss studies using a 0. 0127-m fire hose

Friction loss studies using polyethylene oxide injected into a 0.0127-m fire hose show about a forty-five percent reduction in friction loss.
Brief Reviews of Some Time-Dependent Flows

We review some unsteady flows with special emphasis on hydrodynamic applications which are: unsteady separation; characteristics of impulsively and nonimpulsively-started flow about cylinders; excursion of separation points on circular cylinders in oscillating flow; three-dimensional footprints of subsurface vortical structures rising toward the free surface.
Automatizar/informatizar: as duas faces da tecnologia inteligente

Advanced computer-based information technology is providing a new infrastructure that mediates many of the productive and communicative activities most central to organizational life.
Determining Gabor-filter parameters for texture segmentation

The ability to segment a textured image into separate regions (texture segmentation) continues to be a challenging problem in computer vision. Many texture-segmentation schemes are based on a filter-bank model, where the filters (henceforth referred to as Gabor Filters) are derived from Gabor elementary functions. The goal of these methods is to transform texture differences into detectable filter-output discontinuities at texture boundaries. Then, one can segment the image into differently textured regions. Distinct discontinuities occur, however, only if the parameters defining the Gabor filters are suitably chosen. Some previous analysis has shown how to design appropriate filters for discriminating simple textures. Designing filters for more general textures, though, has largely been done ad hoc. We have devised a new, more effective, more rigorously based method for determining Gabor-filter parameters. The method is based on an exhaustive, but efficient, search of Gabor-filter parameter space and on a detection-theory formulation of a Gabor filter''s output. We provide qualitative arguments and experimental results indicating that our new method is more effective than other methods in producing suitable filter parameters. We demonstrate that our model also gives good filter designs for a variety of texture types.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The sulfomucopolysaccharides from a mast cell tumor of the mouse.

Abstract Sulfomucopolysaccharides prepared from a murine mast cell tumor were fractionated by chromatography on Ecteola, by precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and by paper chromatography. The crude extract of murine sulfomucopolysaccharides, when extracted by the same procedure that was used to extract bovine Sulfomucopolysaccharides, was associated with nitrogen-rich material, unlike the comparable bovine preparation. The nitrogen-rich heparin-containing material, which was precipitable with 0.25 M NaCl and strongly adsorbed to Ecteola, was immobile upon paper chromatography. Examination of material prepared in the same way from bovine lung, guinea pig lung, a canine mastocytoma, and the lung and kidney of the rat, showed that only the tissues of the rat, like the murine mast cells, contained an immobile component. Purified murine sulfomucopolysaccharide showed a greater affinity for histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine than did bovine sulfomucopolysaccharide. It is suggested that the relatively greater affinity of the murine sulfomucopolysaccharide for amino-containing compounds explains the high concentration of nitrogen in crude extracts of the murine sulfomucopolysaccharide.
Wear prediction for metals

In spite of the large number of wear models found in the literature, no model can predict metal wear a priori based only on materials property data and contact information. The complexity of wear and the large number of parameters affecting the outcome are the primary reasons for this situation. This paper summarizes the current understanding of wear modelling for metals. Several recent approaches such as wear mapping and wear transition diagrams have suggested some future possible directions for improvement. Some success has been achieved in describing severe wear of steels under unlubricated conditions using thermomechanical approaches. However, modelling of mild wear remains problematic, especially under lubricated conditions. In mild wear, asperity contact events dominate the wear processes. A single asperity collision simulation apparatus has been used to study asperity-asperity contact phenomena. Shear strain and strain accumulation were found to be the dominant underlying causes for wear. It is proposed that future research in wear prediction for metals incorporate the following aspects: wear mapping, temperature, shear strain response, boundary lubricating film strength, and surface roughness.
Evidence that the heads of ADH-sensitive aggrephores are clathrin-coated vesicles: Implications for aggrephore structure and function

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) induces the fusion of long tubular organelles (aggrephores) with the luminal membrane of the receptor cell, and the delivery of particle aggregates to the membrane. Water flow is believed to take place through the particles. Nothing is known about the origin of the particle aggregates, their incorporation into the aggrephores, or the possible relationship of the aggrephores to the vesicular traffic that takes place in the epithelial cell. In the present studies of the ADH-sensitive epithelial cells of the toad urinary bladder, we have found that the spherical heads of the aggrephores appear to be clathrin-coated vesicles. We propose that vesicles originating from sites such as the Golgi or the luminal membrane may be engaged in aggrephore assembly, the resupply of particle aggregates to the aggrephores, and/or the removal of aggregates, and that the aggrephores may be central points in the pattern of vesicular traffic in the cell.
Performance of Barbed and Barbless Hooks in a Marine Recreational Fishery

Abstract We used an angling study to examine catch per unit effort (CPUE), bait loss, and total landings by anglers fishing with natural bait on barbed and barbless hooks in a nearshore marine sport fishery located in the Gulf of Mexico near St. Petersburg, Florida. Anglers fished half the day with a barbed hook and half the day with a barbless hook. We also recorded anatomical hook placement, severity of injury or bleeding, and hook extraction times for each landed fish. Bait loss, CPUE, and mean length of catch did not differ between gears, but anglers landed 22% more fish with barbed hooks. Loss of hooked fish was significantly higher with barbless hooks, and efficiency appeared to vary among species. Mean unhooking times were significantly shorter with barbless hooks. Anatomical hook placement did not differ between gears and most fish were hooked in the jaws. Bleeding did not differ between gears because bleeding was influenced strongly by hook placement, but barbless hooks reduced unhooking injuries...
The Benefits of Stress: Resolution of the Lifshitz Singularity

Through the AdS/CFT correspondence, Lifshitz spacetimes describe field theories with dynamical scaling (z 6 1). Although curvature invariants are small, the Lifshitz metric exhibits a null singularity in the IR with a large tidal force that excites string oscillator modes. However, Lifshitz is not a vacuum solution of the Einstein equations – the metric is supported by nontrivial matter content which must be taken into account in analyzing the propagation of test objects. In this paper, we consider the interaction of a string with a D0-brane density in the IR which supports a class of UV-complete z = 2 Lifshitz constructions. We show that string/D-brane scattering in the Regge limit slows the string significantly, preventing divergent mode production and resolving the would-be singularity in string propagation.
Mining Auto-generated Test Inputs for Test Oracle

A Search-based test input generator produces a high volume of auto-generated test inputs. However, manually checking a test oracle for these test inputs is impractical due to the lacking of a systematic way to produce corresponding expected results automatically. This paper presents a mining approach to build decision tree models containing the estimated expected results for checking a test oracle. We first choose a subset of the auto-generated test inputs as a training set. Then, we mine the training set to generate a decision tree from which the estimated expected results can be retrieved. For evaluation purpose, we have applied our approach to two legacy examples, Triangle and Next Date. Our controlled experiments have shown that the mining approach is able to generate highly accurate behavioral models and achieve strong fault detectability.
P53 and Ki-67 antigen expression in small oral biopsy specimens of salivary gland tumors.

Objective To investigate the possibility that various salivary gland tumors that look histologically similar could express p53 oncoprotein and Ki-67 proliferation antigen differentially and possibly aid in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Study design Intraoral paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of salivary gland tumors were used. Thirty-eight pleomorphic adenomas, 17 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 23 monomorphic adenomas, and 17 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas were stained with p53 and Ki-67 antibodies by using an immunoperoxidase detection system. Each case was evaluated in terms of staining intensity and percentage of cells staining. Results Ki-67 and p53 antigens are expressed in generally low levels in the histologically well-differentiated salivary tumors that were studied here, both benign and malignant. Only 1 solid-type adenoid cystic carcinoma showed a high percentage of cells expressing p53. Conclusions The histologically well-differentiated salivary tumors studied do not show differential expression of p53 and Ki-7, in spite of their differing courses of biologic behavior. These antibodies should not be relied on to distinguish benign from malignant lesions of the salivary glands; however, they might be markers for those lesions that are dedifferentiating histologically and, therefore, might be displaying more aggressive behavior.
Selective nerve root blocks as predictors of surgical outcome: Fact or fiction?

The hypothesis that delivering local anesthetic to a single nerve root will selectively and specifically block only that nerve and will provide accurate information that could predict surgical success has been, to date, based mainly on clinical assumption without many adequately performed trials proving their validity. Many factors have been identified to be a source of bias in the response to these injections, including anatomical variations and technical/procedural differences. Review of the available data on selective nerve root blocks as predictors of surgical outcomes demonstrates that these blocks have high sensitivity, low specificity, and strong negative-predictive value and therefore should be considered as tools that dissuade (not persuade) surgical resolution.
THE CHRONOLOGY OF GROUPS OF DIES FOR LARGE ISSUES OF ANCIENT COINS USING MAHALANOBIS DISTANCES

Discriminant analyses of distances and angles obtained from 25 coins struck by P. Crepusius in 82 BC permitted the correct chronology for five groups of closely-related dies to be obtained by the method of Carter and Frurip. Twenty distances and 15 angles were measured on 10 x projections of the coins which represented five groups of dies separated in time from each other. The use of all or many variables gave poorer results than the use of five to ten variables having a high ‘figure of merit’, defined as the maximum range of mean values for a given variable in the five groups of dies divided by the mean standard deviation of the variable in the five groups. It is recommended that chronologies of ancient coins be determined from Mahalanobis distances by using only variables of relatively high figure of merit.
“That's Beyond the Scope of This Paper”: Analyzing the Functions of a Familiar Phrase in Academic Writing

A single phrase––“beyond the scope of this paper”––is used by academic writers to accomplish various communicative moves in research articles. Writers use the phrase (1) to establish a territory and occupy a niche; (2) to introduce previous research into the conversation; (3) to recommend further research; and (4) to acknowledge limitations. An examination of its uses in scholarly articles from five disciplines suggests that “beyond the scope of this paper” is a useful phrase to introduce to students still learning how to claim the value and establish the focus of their academic writing.
Sampling statistics of diffraction from nanoparticle powder aggregates

In this study, the sampling statistics of X-ray diffraction data obtained from polycrystalline nanopowders are studied through analytical formulations and numerical modelling. It is shown that the very large acceptance angles of crystalline nanoparticles can cause issues in computing the number of diffracting grains scattering into a given Bragg reflection. These results intimate that formulations previously tested and verified for polycrystalline aggregates with grains larger than 500 nm should be revalidated for particles with coherent scattering lengths below 10 nm.
Applications of Bayesian Statistical Methods in Microarray Data Analysis

Microarray technology allows one to measure gene expression levels simultaneously on the whole-genome scale. The rapid progress generates both a great wealth of information and challenges in making inferences from such massive data sets. Bayesian statistical modeling offers an alternative approach to frequentist methodologies, and has several features that make these methods advantageous for the analysis of microarray data. These include the incorporation of prior information, flexible exploration of arbitrarily complex hypotheses, easy inclusion of nuisance parameters, and relatively well developed methods to handle missing data.