cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Min–Max Game Theory and Non-standard Differential Riccati Equations Under the Singular Estimate for eAtB and eAtG in the Absence of Analyticity

We consider an abstract dynamical system which is characterized by “singular estimates”, as it arises from many concrete hyperbolic/parabolic coupled PDE models, subject to boundary/point control and (deterministic) disturbance. If B is the control operator, G the disturbance operator and eAt the free dynamic semigroup (which is not assumed to be analytic), then eAtB and eAtG are assumed to possess singular estimates. For such a system, we study a min–max game theory problem with quadratic cost functional over a finite horizon. The problem is fully solved in feedback form via a Riccati operator which satisfies a non-standard differential Riccati equation. Several PDE-illustrations are presented.
On the Eve of Women's Studies in Communication's 40 Year Anniversary

It is worthwhile to reflect on the naming of Women's Studies in Communication, which was launched nearly 40 years ago when the field of communication was just beginning to take women and women's is...
Intervariability among serum intact parathyroid hormone assays: a need for standardization.

The measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is both common and important in the field of osteoporosis for research and clinical diagnoses. Variations in the estimation of PTH have been reported [1,2] but have not focused on the more commonly used intact PTH (1–84) assays. Because we recently found marked variability between two PTH immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) in the lab, we evaluated PTH by a variety of methods using commercially available intact PTH (1–84) assay kits. This report highlights variability in PTH assay methods obtained by using various kits and assays from different companies. The goal was to define the inconsistencies between PTH assays when values range from normal to slightly high levels.
Impact of debris dams on hyporheic interaction along a semi-arid stream

Hyporheic exchange increases the potential for solute retention in streams by slowing downstream transport and increasing solute contact with the substrate. Hyporheic exchange may be a major mechanism to remove nutrients in semi-arid watersheds, where livestock have damaged stream riparian zones and contributed nutrients to stream channels. Debris dams, such as beaver dams and anthropogenic log dams, may increase hyporheic interactions by slowing stream water velocity, increasing flow complexity and diverting water to the subsurface. Here, we report the results of chloride tracer injection experiments done to evaluate hyporheic interaction along a 320 m reach of Red Canyon Creek, a second order stream in the semi-arid Wind River Range of Wyoming. The study site is part of a rangeland watershed managed by The Nature Conservancy of Wyoming, and used as a hydrologic field site by the University of Missouri Branson Geologic Field Station. The creek reach we investigated has debris dams and tight meanders that hypothetically should enhance hyporheic interaction. Breakthrough curves of chloride measured during the field experiment were modelled with OTIS-P, a one-dimensional, surface-water, solute-transport model from which we extracted the storage exchange rate α and cross-sectional area of the storage zone As for hyporheic exchange. Along gaining reaches of the stream reach, short-term hyporheic interactions associated with debris dams were comparable to those associated with severe meanders. In contrast, along the non-gaining reach, stream water was diverted to the subsurface by debris dams and captured by large-scale near-stream flow paths. Overall, hyporheic exchange rates along Red Canyon Creek during snowmelt recession equal or exceed exchange rates observed during baseflow at other streams. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The state of child care regulation: A comparative analysis

A central topic of controversy surrounding contemporary debates about the adequacy of our national child care policy concerns the role of the federal government in assuring a basic level of health, safety, and quality in public child care centers and family day care homes. Consideration of a more active federal role derives, in part, from concerns about the adequacy with which state governments fulfill this protective function through their child care regulatory system. To inform this issue, the present article compares the child care standards in effect in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia as of January, 1987, and, where available, as of January, 1989. Three specific issues are addressed: (a) the variability across states in the provisions of their child care regulations; (b) the adequacy of state standards at the lower end of this range; and (c) the disparity that exists between the states' standards and various national criteria for quality child care. Provisions for staff:child ratios, group size, family day care enrollment limitations, staff training, age of entry, and inspection schedules are examined. To set the stage for the examination of state standards, an historical, legal, and ideological context for child care regulation is presented. Discussion of the results emphasizes options for a revised federal role, implications for state enforcement and training, and approaches to family day care regulation.
Les pointes de fixation sus-rénales peuvent induire des thromboses d’artère rénale au cours du traitement endovasculaire des anévrysmes de l’aorte

La thrombose d’une artere renale apres traitement endovasculaire d’un anevrysme de l’aorte abdominale est rare. Nous rapportons l’observation d’un patient qui a developpe une occlusion d’une artere renale avec infactus parenchymateux 6 mois apres la mise en place d’une endoprothese avec fixation sus-renale. Ce patient a ete traite en urgence pour un anevrysme symptomatique de 6cm de diametre. La partie couverte de l’endoprothese a ete deployee involontairement bien au-dessous de l’origine des arteres renales. L’arteriographie de controle per-operatoire montrait que les deux arteres renales etaient permeables. Le scanner de controle a un mois montrait une bonne exclusion du sac anevrysmal et un fonctionnement normal des deux reins. A 6 mois, le taux de creatinine serique etait eleve malgre l’absence de symptome clinique. Le scanner montrait un rein gauche non rehausse par le produit de contraste et l’angiographie une occlusion de l’artere renale gauche. Une des pointes soudee au stent en metal non couvert semblait empieter sur l’artere renale. Nous pensons que l’occlusion d’une artere renale apres traitement endovasculaire peut se produire en raison de dommages repetes de l’orifice de l’artere par les pointes de fixation du stent non couverts. A notre connaissance, il s’agit de la premiere observation d’occlusion d’une artere renale provoquee par des lesions iteratives par le systeme de fixation sus-renal.
The impact of regulations on financial accounting research

. This paper briefly traces the evolution of the impact that activities of accounting regulatory bodies have had on financial accounting research during the last two decades. It analyzes the continuing erosion of the link between accounting research and regulations and the adverse effect of that erosion on empirical studies. Regulators, authors and editors of scholarly accounting journals may share responsibility for this trend. Some suggestions are offered on how to reverse this trend and how to better link empirical and analytical studies to some of the concerns which motivated earlier studies. Policy makers may then be provided with evidence to support their regulatory activities. Resume. L'auteur retrace brievement l'evolution des repercussions qu'ont eues les activites des organismes de reglementation de la comptabilite sur la recherche en comptabilite financiere depuis deux decennies. Il analyse l'erosion progressive du lien entre la recherche et la reglementation comptable et l'incidence negative de cette erosion sur les etudes empiriques. Les responsables de la reglementation, les auteurs et les directeurs de revues specialisees en comptabilite peuvent partager la responsabilite de cette tendance. L'auteur offre certaines suggestions relatives a la facon de renverser cette tendance et de mieux lier les etudes empiriques et analytiques a certaines des preoccupations qui ont motive les recherches anterieures. Ainsi les responsables de la formulation de politiques disposerontils de documents sur lesquels appuyer leurs activites de reglementation.
Macromolecular constituents of proliferating and nonproliferating yeast extracts.

Abstract A correlation between the condition of proliferation in yeast cultures and the appearance of new macromolecular species in the extracts is reported. Preliminary data support the belief that these new components are nucleoprotein in composition.
Chemical applications of topology and group theory. 26. The sextuple diamond-square-diamond rearrangement of the icosahedron through a cuboctahedron intermediate

The details of the symmetry factoring of the graphs corresponding to the icosahedron and the cuboctahedron are presented. Such symmetry factoring procedures use the sequence of two-foldC2 and threefoldC3 elementsC2 xC2 x CZ x C3 to give disconnected graphs having eigenvalue spectra similar to those of the original polyhedra but with components having only one and two vertices. In addition, the same symmetry factoring sequence is used to determine the eigenvalue spectrum of an intermediate in the sextuple diamond-square process for conversion of the icosahedron to the cuboctahedron.
Allanite and epidote weathering at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, western North Carolina, U.S.A.

Allanite and epidote occur in the parent rocks of weathered regolith at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in North Carolina and exhibit different responses to weathering. Petrographically, epidote and allanite are identical at Coweeta, and only with additional analytical techniques (e.g., EDS or LA-ICP-MS) can the two be distinguished. Allanite is more abundant in unweathered bedrock but weathers readily below the weathering front. In contrast, the much less abundant epidote persists into the solum with only minimal evidence of weathering. The rapid dissolution of allanite is likely influenced by its metamict nature. Both epidote and allanite at Coweeta dissolve by interface-controlled dissolution kinetics, evidenced by etch pits on grain surfaces. Etch pits appear to be either large “negative crystals,” or small, shallow, and elongated. The incipient stage of allanite weathering is characterized by Al mobility and Fe precipitation as goethite. During the initial stage of allanite weathering, carbonate precipitates, but with progressive weathering the carbonate is dissolved. Based on electron microprobe analyses and point-count data of the Ca-bearing phases in the Coweeta bedrock, accessory (<1%) allanite contains a minimum of approximately 25% of the total bedrock Ca by volume, whereas garnet and plagioclase contain 5% and 70%, respectively. Although allanite and epidote are Ca-hosts, only allanite is present in significant quantities, and is weathering sufficiently rapidly, to serve as an important source of Ca in pore and stream waters at Coweeta. Allanite weathering should, therefore, be evaluated in weathering studies of crystalline silicate bedrock, especially where other lines of evidence indicate the need to invoke additional Ca sources.
Mathematical models in the social and life sciences: a selected bibliography

There is a large and rapidly growing literature on mathematical modelling in the social and life sciences. This bibliography is designed to assist beginning students in their efforts to learn something of the nature and scope of the field. The bibliography is restricted largely to books with a few journal articles or essays occasionally cited. Most of these books should be available in college or university libraries. Many of them should be accessible to students with some background in calculus; quite a few are written at an even more elementary level. The entries are listed alphabetically by author. An index to the bibliography by subject matter is provided at the beginning. For each of a number of disciplines, it lists several bibliographic items (by number) that have a special focus on that discipline. The reader should be cautioned that for most subjects this bibliography is far from a complete listing of all volumes that explore mathematical models; this is particularly true of economics, game theory, and operations research. I would be very interested in having your suggestions for additions or deletions to this bibliography. Please send them to me at the Department of Mathematics, Warner Hall, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753, USA.
Event-driven, continuous-time ADCs and DSPs for adapting power dissipation to signal activity

We present a tutorial review of digital signal processing in continuous time, and associated analog-to-digital conversion. The systems presented do no utilize a clock and are fully event-driven, with power dissipation that adapts to the input signal automatically. An integrated view of several related techniques is offered.
Screening strategies to inhibit the spread of AIDS

In this paper we explore the costs and benefits of screening programs for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because of the low prevalence rate of the virus among the general population, the cost per detected case of a program to screen the population at large is very high. We show how this cost changes with the prevalence rate, and how screening high risk groups reduces the cost per detected case. Screening has little point, however, unless there are follow-up activities to reduce the continued spread of the virus. To this end, we present a modeling framework for determination of optimal policy alternatives after screening.
The effect of levamisole on lymphocyte protein synthesis in vitro

Abstract Human peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors were studied to determine the effect of levamisole, an immunostimulating agent, on lymphocyte protein synthesis in vitro . At a concentration of 7.5 × 10 −6 M , levamisole stimulation resulted in a maximal increase in protein synthesis of 136% of control. Levamisole caused no increase in protein synthesis of “T-cell depleted” populations but increased protein synthesis of “T-cell enriched” populations to a degree greater than that observed with whole lymphocyte populations. These results demonstrate that levamisole increases lymphocyte protein synthesis and suggest that the increase is due to selective stimulation of T-cells. These results provide an explanation for the effects of levamisole on lymphokine production and E-rosette formation previously reported.
Reasons reviewers reject and accept manuscripts: the strengths and weaknesses in medical education reports.

Purpose Scientific journals rely on peer review to maintain the high quality and standards of papers accepted for publication. The purpose of this study was to explore the strengths and weaknesses of medical education reports by analyzing the ratings and written comments given by external reviewers. Method The author conducted a content analysis of reviewers' comments on 151 research manuscripts submitted to the 1997 and 1998 Research in Medical Education conference proceedings. The negative comments on 123 manuscripts that received "questionable, probably exclude" or "definitely exclude" overall ratings from at least one reviewer were evaluated. A similar analysis was performed on reviewers' positive comments for 28 manuscripts recommended unanimously for acceptance. Results On average, four peers (4.1, SD = 0.97, range = 2-6) reviewed each manuscript. Of those recommended for exclusion, a mean of 2.3 reviewers recommended exclusion and each reviewer wrote a mean of 8.1 (SD = 5.7) reasons. The top ten reasons for rejection were: inappropriate or incomplete statistics; overinterpretation of results; inappropriate or suboptimal instrumentation; sample too small or biased; text difficult to follow; insufficient problem statement; inaccurate or inconsistent data reported; incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated review of the literature; insufficient data presented; and defective tables or figures. The main strengths noted in accepted manuscripts were the importance or timeliness of the problem studies, excellence of writing, and soundness of study design. Conclusion While overstating the results and applying the wrong statistics can be fixed, other problems that the reviewers identified (ignoring the literature, designing poor studies, choosing inappropriate instruments, and writing poor manuscripts) are likely to be fatal flaws warranting rejection.
Problems in the use of urea as a nitrogen fertilizer.

Abstract. N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is the most effective compound currently available for retarding hydrolysis of urea fertilizer in soil and for decreasing ammonia volatilization and nitrite e accumulation in soils treated with urea. It is a poor inhibitor of plant or microbial urease, but decomposes quite rapidly in soil with formation of N-(n-butyl) phosphoric triamide, which is a potent inhibitor of urease activity. The adverse effects of urea fertilizers on seed germination and seedling growth in soil are due to ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease. They can be eliminated by addition of a urease inhibitor to these fertilizers. The leaf-burn commonly observed after foliar fertilization of soybeans with urea results from accumulation of toxic amounts of urea in the soybean leaves rather than formation of toxic amounts of ammonia through urea hydrolysis by leaf urease. Leaf-burn is accordingly increased rather than decreased by addition of a urease inhibitor to the urea fertilizer applied.
Revisiting a Wavy Bonded Single Lap Joint

Single lap joints with wavy geometries have recently been proposed, and experiments have shown them to be superior in strength to conventional single lap joints for a particular carbon-fiber epoxy composite. The present study replicated one of the proposed wavy geometries, using a different carbon-fiber epoxy composite, a different adhesive, and a slightly different layup. The thickness and length of the current specimens were nearly identical to those of the previous study. Wavy and conventional specimens were manufactured, and tensile tests were performed. The wavy joints proved to be inferior to the conventional type. Numerical analyses were performed to explain the failure modes of the specimens. The reason for the poor performance of the present wavy joints is the high through-the-thickness stress, which initiated failure. The conventional specimens had lower through-the-thickness stress. The conventional specimens might exhibit higher stress concentrations near the ends of the adherends, but because of high toughness of the present composite this did not lead to failure. None of the specimen types failed by the adhesive.
Sexual Desire Discrepancy: The Effect of Individual Differences in Desired and Actual Sexual Frequency on Dating Couples

The present study used a sample of 8,096 dating couples from the United States to explore how sexual desire discrepancy was associated with relationship satisfaction and stability. Sexual desire discrepancy was the difference between an individual’s desired level of sexual intercourse and the actual frequency of sexual intercourse within a given relationship. Actor and partner effects were explored. Results suggested that higher discrepancy between sexual desire and frequency was associated with higher relationship satisfaction and lower relationship stability but that these associations were moderated by gender and relationship length. Female sexual desire discrepancy had a particularly strong effect on relationship satisfaction. It was also found that high discrepancies tended to be associated with negative outcomes in relationships with longer relationship length.
Short- and long-term effects of aggressive behavior on urinary marking in Mus musculus.

Male mice were housed in groups from 29 to 59 days of age (immature-grouping), or between 70 and 75 days of age (mature-grouping). Fighting and wounding were evident only in mature-grouping mice, which were classified as dominant or subordinate on the basis of wounding. At 116 days of age all mice were tested for urinary marking. Overall, mature-grouping mice marked more than immature-grouping mice, but among the mature-grouping mice, dominant and subordinate mice did not differ from one another in marking. In the second experiment mice were given a prepairing marking test, housed in pairs for 24 hr, classified as dominant or subordinate on the basis of wounding, and given a postpairing marking test 6 days later. Dominant mice marked more than subordinate mice in the postpairing marking test. The results support and extend previous findings that the short-term effect of social subordination is to reduce urinary marking. In subordinated mice, with the passage of time, marking may recover and may even surpass prefighting levels.
Cesium isotope ratios as indicators of nuclear power plant operations.

There are multiple paths by which radioactive cesium can reach the effluent from reactor operations. The radioactive 135Cs/137Cs ratios are controlled by these paths. In an effort to better understand the origin of this radiation, these 135Cs/137Cs ratios in effluents from three power reactor sites have been measured in offsite samples. These ratios are different from global fallout by up to six fold and as such cannot have a significant component from this source. A cesium ratio for a sample collected outside of the plant boundary provides integration over the operating life of the reactor. A sample collected inside the plant at any given time can be much different from this lifetime ratio. The measured cesium ratios vary significantly for the three reactors and indicate that the multiple paths have widely varying levels of contributions. There are too many ways these isotopes can fractionate to be useful for quantitative evaluations of operating parameters in an offsite sample, although it may be possible to obtain limited qualitative information for an onsite sample.
Effect of vertical contraction joints in concrete arch dams

Abstract The vertical joints between the blocks of concrete in arch dams allow for contraction as the concrete cools during construction. Linear analyses, which ignore the presence of these joints, indicate large horizontal tensile stresses near the joints particularly when seismic loading is included. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is studying the nonlinear behavior of these vertical joints by making comparisons between parallel linear and nonlinear analyses of East Canyon Dam. This paper reports on the use of ADINA's gap element to model the contraction joints. The nonlinear analysis shows decreased values of the horizontal tensile stress at the expense of larger compressive stresses and increasing values of vertical tensile stress.
Application of game theoretic analysis to a problem in demography

Governments in certain countries have tried over the last two decades to draw most industry to the largest cities. The effect has generally been a large increase in both the population and land area of the cities, as the nearby rural areas are taken out of agricultural production and urbanized. Where the land is especially fertile, this can represent a definite loss to the country's agricultural capabilities. By studying the Nash equilibria we show that, given political pressures, there is a very real danger that this process will continue until all, or practically all of the land has been urbanized.
The case of the empty S1

L'A. discute d'un probleme syntaxique qui a des implications pragmatiques : la position des marqueurs du discours (MD) dans l'enonce. Typiquement ces marqueurs apparaissent entre deux segments S1 et S2. Or certains occupent la position initiale de l'enonce et sont donc suivis du S2 qui ne peut etre interprete comme la continuation d'un enonce d'un locuteur precedent. Ces marqueurs specifiques permettent ainsi un S1 vide. L'A. etudie les structures MD + S2 qui peuvent apparaitre a la suite d'un evenement non verbal selon qu'ils requierent ou non une reponse
Operants Were Never "Emitted," Feeling Is Doing, And Learning Takes Only One Trial: A Review Of B. F. Skinner's Recent Issues In The Analysis Of Behavior.

This final collection of Skinner’s papers was intended for the professional, although other readers will find much of interest. The first five chapters are devoted to what Skinner called ‘‘theoretical issues’’ and include clear presentations of his positions on ‘‘feelings’’ and on the ‘‘self’’ as an apparent agent of volition. Skinner skillfully discusses thinking, the origins of cognitive-mediational theories, and a favorite topic: the similarity of processes occurring in the histories of species and of individuals. The next four chapters cover what he called ‘‘professional issues,’’ including the oftenmisunderstood philosophy known as radical behaviorism as well as the operant aspects of behavior therapy and attempts to influence educational practices. He seemed disappointed in the lack of acceptance of programmed learning methods and pessimistic about the possibility of improving education practices. This pessimism was evident in the final section, ‘‘personal issues,’’ in which he expressed doubt that the powerful and self-serving forces of government, business, and religion will ever permit the changes that could be wrought by the application of behavior analysis to the great problems of society. Two other chapters in the last section will be useful to historians who are curious about the influence of logical positivism on Skinner’s thinking (apparently there was not much influence) and to sophisticated readers who are interested in Skinner’s retrospective consideration of his work.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of the Layered Perovskite La3Ni2O7-δ

Single-phase samples of La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 7[minus][sigma]] with [sigma] = 0, 0.08, and 0.65 were prepared and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, TGA, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility. The crystal symmetry of the as-prepared ([sigma] = 0.08) and oxygenated ([sigma] = 0.00) samples is orthorhombic (space group Fmmm). Oxidation of the as-prepared La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 6.92] sample to La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 7.00] shows little change in the unit-cell parameters. Reduction of La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 6.92] to La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 6.35] results in a structural phase transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal symmetry, a dramatic decrease in the c cell parameter, and significant increase in the a and b cell parameters. These data are consistent with loss of oxygen from the apical octahedral sites connecting two perovskite layers in La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 7[minus][sigma]]. The electrical transport properties change with decreasing oxygen content from metallic for La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 7.00] to semiconducting for La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 6.92] and La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 6.35]. The fully reduced sample, La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 6.35], shows a linear dependence of ln [rho] versus T[sup [minus]1/4] in the temperature range 90-140 K, suggesting a variable-range hopping mechanism. A nearly temperature-independent magnetic susceptibility is observed in the temperature range 100-300more » K for the [sigma] = 0 and 0.08 samples. The relatively high values and the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility indicate a Stoner enhanced Pauli paramagnetism for [sigma] = 0 and evidence for a weak ferromagnetism in the [sigma] = 0.65 sample. The electrical and magnetic properties of La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]O[sub 7[minus][sigma]] are discussed in terms of the mixed-valent character of nickel and vacancy-induced localization effects.« less
Porous Silicon Carbide Sintered Substrates for High-Temperature Membranes

Silicon carbide (SiC) porous substrates are prepared by pressureless sintering of SiC powders under an inert atmosphere of argon. The porous SiC substrates were characterized by measuring their porosity, pore size distribution, surface characteristics, and structure. Their transport characteristics were investigated using N2 and He as the test gases. Three different starting powders and four different sintering aids, Al2O3, B4C, carbon black, and phenolic resin, either by themselves or in combination, were investigated in terms of their ability to prepare good quality substrates. It was found that the porosity, pore size distribution, and transport characteristics of the resulting SiC-sintered bodies depend on the nature of the original powder, the particle size in the green SiC samples, and the type and molar ratio of the sintering aid utilized. Depending on the preparation technique, both mesoporous and macroporous materials could be prepared. These supports are currently utilized for the preparation of...
Stochastic model for colored noise

Abstract The input-output point of view for the Ito equation to avoid stochastic integration is related to the stochastic-operator approach for a physically reasonable robust mathematical model.
Genome-wide patterns of histone modifications in yeast

Post-translational histone modifications and histone variants generate complexity in chromatin to enable the many functions of the chromosome. Recent studies have mapped histone modifications across the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. These experiments describe how combinations of modified and unmodified states relate to each other and particularly to chromosomal landmarks that include heterochromatin, subtelomeric chromatin, centromeres, origins of replication, promoters and coding regions. Such patterns might be important for the regulation of heterochromatin-mediated silencing, chromosome segregation, DNA replication and gene expression.
A long-term effect of radiation on chromosomes of cultured human fibroblasts

Abstract Six monolayer fibroblast tissue cultures of different human origin were used for this study. Portions of each culture were Co 60 -irradiated with varying doses of up to 500 rad at various times in their life history. The cultures were then maintained and observed for at least 10 months along with their normanl unirradiated controls for long-term changes in their chromosome composition. At least one of the irradiated fractions of each of the six primary cultures ultimately became pseudodiploid with one or more conspicuous markers, while the corresponding unirradiated control cultures remained diploid. In those cultures which provided favorable material for sequential observations after marker appearance, the pseudodiploid cells with the marker chromosomes soon prevailed in the culture. None of the irradiated cultures showed signs of alteration into established cell lines as of this writing. They all appear to have stopped rapid growth at approximately the same time as their normal diploid controls.
Simplified Method Based on Bioenergetics Modeling to Estimate Food Consumption by Largemouth Bass and Northern Pike

Abstract I used results derived from a bioenergetics model to develop a simplified method of estimating food consumption by largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and northern pike Esox lucius. Growth data for each of three populations of each species from lakes covering a wide latitudinal portion of their ranges were used together with temperature data to estimate cumulative consumption rates with the model. For each species, a multiple regression with the independent variables of initial mean weight, weight gain, and degree-days accounted for 99% of the variability in estimated consumption rates. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the magnitude of errors associated with the assumptions made in using the model. The following assumptions were made: (1) close correspondence existed between simulated temperatures and those experienced by the fish; (2) feeding rates throughout the simulation period were a constant proportion of the maximum consumption rate; (3) gonad losses could be disregarded;...
The Ivanhoe and Rob Roy Fields, Blocks 15/21a-b, UK North Sea

Abstract The Ivanhoe and Rob Roy Fields are located in the Outer Moray Firth Basin, seventy nautical miles off the northeast coast of Scotland. The Ivanhoe Field was discovered in 1975, and the Rob Roy Field in 1984. The reserves in both fields occur in tilted fault block traps of Upper Jurassic, Piper Sandstone Formation. Estimated total recoverable reserves amount to 100 MMBBL and 62 BCF. The fields are separated by a water corridor approximately 1 km wide. Both fields contain two reservoir sandstone units, an upper and lower, locally termed the Supra Piper Sandstone and Main Piper Sandstone respectively. The reservoirs in both fields exhibit excellent rock9 properties with porosities up to 28% and permeabilities of several Darcies. Each field is developed via a subsea manifold surrounded by a cluster of production and injection wells, of which two were pre-drilled on Ivanhoe and six pre-drilled on Rob Roy. This allowed rapid achievement of the 60 000 BOPD plateau oil production rate soon after commissioning of facilities in July 1989. The two subsea manifolds are tied into a single subsea production manifold which connects with a Floating Production Facility. Crude oil is exported to the Claymore A Platform and gas to the Tartan A Platform.
High index plane selectivity of silicon anisotropic etching in aqueous potassium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide

Abstract Mechanically fabricated single-crystal silicon spheres with diameters of 0.25 in were etched in 40 wt.% aqueous potassium hydroxide at 75 °C and 50 wt.% aqueous cesium hydroxide at 50 °C. The post-etching shapes of both etched spheres show that the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 directions were the slowest etching directions in both cases. The characteristic structures formed on the surface of these etched spheres were examined under the scanning electron microscope to study the high index plane selectivity. The 〈311〉 directions were found to be the most significant among the higher order crystal planes in both cases. Directions close to 〈023〉 were concluded to be the fastest etching in aqueous KOH; however, the 〈110〉 directions were the fastest in aqueous CsOH.
Matching and raising unified

For nearly 30 years it has been assumed that some English relatives require a movement relationship between the external head noun phrase and its clause-internal position (the raising analysis) whereas other relatives do not allow such a relationship (the matching analysis). This division has largely been motivated by reconstruction facts. This paper argues that the matching analysis is eliminable if one assumes vehicle change is a general property of A-bar movement, and if one accepts that sentence construction and movement are derivational while chain formation is representational. This allows a uniform raising analysis for English relatives that eliminates difficulties with previous raising analyses, allows relative clauses to be uniformly treated as adjuncts, and accounts for otherwise mysterious extraposition facts. The conclusions also have implications for the idea that adjuncts may be merged acyclically in a derivation.
Semiclassical theory of a high-intensity laser.

Lamb theory of Doppler broadened gas laser extended to arbitrary intensities for single mode operation, calculating detuning curves and inversion densities
Social stress engages opioid regulation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons and induces a state of cellular and physical opiate dependence.

Stress is implicated in diverse psychiatric disorders including substance abuse. The locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC–NE) system is a major stress response system that is also a point of intersection between stress neuromediators and endogenous opioids and so may be a site at which stress can influence drug-taking behaviors. As social stress is a common stressor for humans, this study characterized the enduring impact of repeated social stress on LC neuronal activity. Rats were exposed to five daily consecutive sessions of social stress using the resident-intruder model or control manipulation. LC discharge rate recorded 2 days after the last manipulation was decreased in stressed rats compared with controls. By 10 days after the last manipulation, LC rates were comparable between groups. Systemic administration of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, robustly increased LC discharge rate in a manner suggestive of opiate withdrawal, selectively in stressed rats when administered 2 or 10 days after the last manipulation. This was accompanied by behavioral signs of mild opiate withdrawal. Western blot and electron microscopic studies indicated that repeated social stress decreased corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor and increased μ-opioid receptor levels in the LC. Together, the results suggest that repeated social stress engages endogenous opioid modulation of LC activity and induces signs of cellular and physical opiate dependence that endure after the stress. These cellular effects may predispose individuals with a history of repeated social stress to substance abuse behaviors.
Law as a Bridge Between Is and Ought

. Law has variously been described as part of empirical social reality or as a set of normative prescriptions defining desirable conduct. The author takes the view that a legal system normally represents an amalgam of “is” and “ought” elements. It is operative in part as a living law of actual human conduct, in another part as an instrumentality for transforming unfulfilled social ideals or goals into reality. A different blending of “is” and “ought” factors often occurs in the judicial process, when an application of given legal norms is combined with some injection of law deemed desirable by the judges.
Semiparametric Transformation Rate Model for Recurrent Event Data

In this article, we propose a class of semiparametric transformation rate models for recurrent event data subject to right censoring and potentially stopped by a terminating event (e.g., death). These transformation models include both additive rates model and proportional rates model as special cases. Respecting the property that no recurrent events can occur after the terminating event, we model the conditional recurrent event rate given survival. Weighted estimating equations are constructed to estimate the regression coefficients and baseline rate function. In particular, the baseline rate function is approximated by wavelet function. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are derived and a data-dependent criterion is proposed for selecting the most suitable transformation. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimators perform well for practical sample sizes. The proposed methods are used in two real-data examples: a randomized trial of rhDNase and a community trial of vitamin A.
Reconversion of bone marrow in Gaucher disease treated with enzyme therapy documented by MR

Background. Skeletal complications are responsible for significant morbidity in Gaucher patients. Plain radiographs have been unreliable in assessing bone marrow infiltration and activity. A way to assess bone marrow improvement is needed during enzyme therapy. Objective. The purpose of this paper is to assess the usefulness of MR in following improvement of abnormal bone marrow in Gaucher patients on enzyme therapy. Materials and methods. Three patients aged 2, 7, and 24 years underwent serial MR scans of the lower extremities before and during treatment with Alglucerase (two patients) and Imiglucerase (one patient). T1-weighted, T2-weighted, STIR and FSE T2-weighted images were utilized. Two patients were imaged after 16 months of therapy, and one patient was imaged after 6 months of therapy. Results. All patients had improvement in marrow signal consistent with partial reconversion to fatty marrow during treatment. The findings were more marked after prolonged therapy. T1-weighted images demonstrated findings most clearly. Conclusion. MR consistently showed improvement in marrow signal in Gaucher patients on enzyme therapy. As smaller doses of enzyme therapy are the trend, MR can be utilized to determine if therapy is effecting a change in the bone marrow.
Fluctuations in the Hawking-Turok model

Scalar and gravity wave subcurvature fluctuations are calculated for a background approximating the Hawking and Turok open universe model. The gravity wave cosmic microwave background contribution is finite and it appears that a normalizable scalar supercurvature mode is possible in some regions of parameter space.
A modification of Efroymson's technique for stepwise regression analysis

The computational technique conventionally used for stepwise multiple linear regression requires the storage of an n × n matrix of data. When the number of variables, n, is large, this requirement taxes the storage capacity of presently used machinery. The near symmetry of the matrices involved permits a modification requiring only half the storage and computations of the conventional algorithm and this additional storage allows the analysis of problems containing more variables. Alternatively, it permits the analysis of problems containing the same number of variables but with all computations performed in double precision.
Removing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose sizing from sapphire fibers by ultraviolet/ozone cleaning

Ceramic-fiber-reinforced metallic and intermetallic matrix composites require well-characterized fiber/matrix interfaces. These interfaces require that the fiber surface be clean prior to the formation of a composite or application of a fiber coating. This work investigates the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV)/ozone exposure at removing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose sizing from sapphire plates and fibers. The surface cleanliness was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that UV/ozone exposure removed the hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose sizing from the plates and fibers but did not remove inorganic species contained in the coating or on the sapphire surface. These inorganic species were readily removed with a water/methanol rinse, providing a clean sapphire surface for incorporation into a composite.
Coulomb-Collision Corrected Electron-Plasma Line Profiles

Complete profiles of Coulomb-collision corrected electronplasma line including both electron-ion (e--i) and electron-electron (e-e) collisions were computed. The line profiles are presented graphically for specific experimental conditions and are compared to those obtained from collisionless plasma theory. It is seen that, in the collision-dominated regime, the electron-ion collisions play an important role, while in the transition regime, the electron-electron collisions control the damping of the plasma line. In both cases, collisions broaden the line-width significantly over the Landau (collisionless) width, while the peak is compensatingly reduced such that the integrated line intensity remains constant. In addition, the resonance frequency is found to be shifted toward higher frequencies due to the effect of Coulomb collisions while the line shape remains approximately Lorentzian. Possible experimental conditions wherein these Coulomb collisional effects may be observed by light-scattering techniques are discussed. (auth)
The Effect of Personalized Cueing on Long-Term Naming of Realistic Visual Stimuli

Associative learning techniques have been used successfully to teach word pair lists to subjects with brain damage. However, these techniques have not been used systematically to improve naming of complex visual stimuli such as might be found in aphasia therapy. This study examined the effect of an associative learning procedure, personalized cueing, on long-term naming of 40 realistic stimuli by 10 subjects with aphasia and 10 subjects without brain damage. The results showed that subjects without brain damage had significantly higher levels of naming accuracy than subjects with aphasia; however, subjects with aphasia were able to recall approximately 50% of the trained stimuli on both the 1-week and 30-day post-training probes. These results show that subjects with aphasia are able to use personalized cueing to learn effectively the names of items pictured in realistic visual stimuli and that the effects of training can be durable over time.
SU‐GG‐I‐93: A Fast and Simple Software‐Based Method for X‐Ray Scatter Reduction in Portable X‐Ray Systems

Purpose: To develop a processing method to reduce the effects of x‐ray scatter in images acquired with portable x‐ray systems without an anti‐scatter grid. Method and Materials: Due to the varying geometry inherent in portable x‐ray systems, the use of anti‐scatter grids with a high ratio is challenging. For clinical applicability, the algorithm must be fast and preserve the image texture. First an adequate understanding of the x‐ray scatter signal present in different radiography applications was obtained using Monte Carlo(MC) simulations of several clinical applications. From the simulations it was confirmed that the x‐ray scatter fields consisted of a low‐frequency offset, with very different shapes and magnitudes depending on the image being acquired. The developed algorithm, a modified version of unsharp masking, involves masking the open field area and the thin sections of the body, replacing these areas with the mean signal from the edges of the body, applying a low pass filter, and then subtracting a weighted version of the latter from the original image. The masking is performed to avoid the inclusion of the very high signal areas from the low pass image, which would result in an overestimation of the signal to be removed. Results: The algorithm reduced the x‐ray scatter signal in simulated MCimages by 50&–80%, depending on the image and the location analyzed. When applied to images of a thorax phantom obtained with a portable x‐ray system without a grid, the quality of the images were improved enough to be comparable to those obtained with a clinical fixed system with a grid. Conclusion: The use of the developed scatter reduction algorithm seems to compensate for the inability to use a high ratio grid in portable systems. Further testing will be performed. Conflict of Interest: Research sponsored by GE Global Research.
Achieving CNS axon regeneration by manipulating convergent neuro-immune signaling

After central nervous system (CNS) trauma, axons have a low capacity for regeneration. Regeneration failure is associated with a muted regenerative response of the neuron itself, combined with a growth-inhibitory and cytotoxic post-injury environment. After spinal cord injury (SCI), resident and infiltrating immune cells (especially microglia/macrophages) contribute significantly to the growth-refractory milieu near the lesion. By targeting both the regenerative potential of the axon and the cytotoxic phenotype of microglia/macrophages, we may be able to improve CNS repair after SCI. In this review, we discuss molecules shown to impact CNS repair by affecting both immune cells and neurons. Specifically, we provide examples of pattern recognition receptors, integrins, cytokines/chemokines, nuclear receptors and galectins that could improve CNS repair. In many cases, signaling by these molecules is complex and may have contradictory effects on recovery depending on the cell types involved or the model studied. Despite this caveat, deciphering convergent signaling pathways on immune cells (which affect axon growth indirectly) and neurons (direct effects on axon growth) could improve repair and recovery after SCI. Future studies must continue to consider how regenerative therapies targeting neurons impact other cells in the pathological CNS. By identifying molecules that simultaneously improve axon regenerative capacity and drive the protective, growth-promoting phenotype of immune cells, we may discover SCI therapies that act synergistically to improve CNS repair and functional recovery.