cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave moisture sensing of seedcotton: Part 1: Seedcotton microwave material properties.

Moisture content at harvest is a key parameter that impacts quality and how well the cotton crop can be stored without degrading before processing. It is also a key parameter of interest for harvest time field trials as it can directly influence the quality of the harvested crop as well as skew the results of in-field yield and quality assessments. Microwave sensing of moisture has several unique advantages over lower frequency sensing approaches. The first is that microwaves are insensitive to variations in conductivity, due to presence of salts or minerals. The second advantage is that microwaves can peer deep inside large bulk packaging to assess the internal moisture content without performing a destructive tear down of the package. To help facilitate the development of a microwave moisture sensor for seedcotton; research was performed to determine the basic microwave properties of seedcotton. The research was performed on 110 kg micro-modules, which are of direct interest to research teams for use in ongoing field-based research projects. It should also prove useful for the enhancement of existing and future yield monitor designs. Experimental data was gathered on the basic relations between microwave material properties and seedcotton over the range from 1.0 GHz to 2.5 GHz and is reported on herein. This research is part one of a two-part series that reports on the fundamental microwave properties of seedcotton as moisture and density vary naturally during the course of typical harvesting operations; part two will utilize this data to formulate a prediction algorithm to form the basis for a prototype microwave moisture sensor.
Comorbid Parkinson's disease, falls and fractures in the 2010 National Emergency Department Sample.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of multifactorial etiology affecting ∼1% of older adults. Research focused on linking PD to falls and bone fractures has been limited in Emergency Department (ED) settings, where most injuries are identified. We assessed whether injured U.S. ED admissions with PD diagnoses were more likely to exhibit comorbid fall- or non-fall related bone fractures and whether a PD diagnosis with a concomitant fall or bone fracture is linked to worse prognosis. Methods We performed secondary analyses of 2010 Healthcare Utilization Project National ED Sample from 4,253,987 admissions to U.S. EDs linked to injured elderly patients. ED discharges with ICD-9-CM code (332.0) were identified as PD and those with ICD-9-CM code (800.0–829.0) were used to define bone fracture location. Linear and logistic regression models were constructed to estimate slopes (B) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results PD admissions had 28% increased adjusted prevalence of bone fracture. Non-fall injuries showed stronger relationship between PD and bone fracture (ORadj = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.45) than fall injuries (ORadj = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.10). PD had the strongest impact on hospitalization length when bone fracture and fall co-occurred, and total charges were directly associated with PD only for fall injuries. Finally, PD status was not related to in-hospital death in this population. Conclusion Among injured U.S. ED elderly patient visits, those with PD had higher bone fracture prevalence and more resource utilization especially among fall-related injuries. No association of PD with in-hospital death was noted.
Sense and sensibility: Dual knowledge bases of Greenwich House, NYC, 1902–1920:

Both interpretive and positivist research were a daily part of early work by social workers in settlement houses of the US Social Workers from 1902 to 1922 at Greenwich House, a settlement house (n...
A Laboratory Technique for Investigating the Relationship between Gas Transfer and Fluid Turbulence

A technique has been developed to simultaneously measure fluid turbulence and gas exchange rates across an air-water interface. Instantaneous fluid velocity vectors are determined using a streak photography method. From these vectors, turbulent velocities, length scales, dissipation rates, etc. are evaluated. Gas transfer rates are measured concurrently. Experiments have been conducted in the laboratory by generating turbulence in a tank with a vertically oscillating grid whose stroke length, frequency, and distance from the interface are adjustable. Preliminary results using five gases (O2, N2, CH4, CO2, and Rn) indicate that the data are consistent with surface renewal and energy dissipation models of gas exchange.
Correcting Imperfect Domain Theories: A Knowledge-Level Analysis

Explanation-Based Learning (Mitchell et al., 1986; DeJong and Mooney, 1986) has shown promise as a powerful analytical learning technique. However, EBL is severely hampered by the requirement of a complete and correct domain theory for successful learning to occur. Clearly, in non-trivial domains, developing such a domain theory is a nearly impossible task. Therefore, much research has been devoted to understanding how an imperfect domain theory can be corrected and extended during system performance. In this paper, we present a characterization of this problem, and use it to analyze past research in the area. Past characterizations of the problem (e.g, (Mitchell et al., 1986; Rajamoney and DeJong, 1987)) have viewed the types of performance errors caused by a faulty domain theory as primary. In contrast, we focus primarily on the types of knowledge deficiencies present in the theory, and from these derive the types of performance errors that can result. Correcting the theory can be viewed as a search through the space of possible domain theories, with a variety of knowledge sources that can be used to guide the search.
The Essence of Computational Thinking

A decade of discourse to capture the essence of computational thinking has resulted in a broad set of skills whose teaching continue to pose challenges because of the reliance on the use of electronic computers and programming concepts. This article not only links computational thinking skills to fundamental cognitive competencies but also describes pedagogical tools that have proven effective in teaching them at early ages.
Pelvic Trauma Hemorrhage: How Do We Stop Bleeding in that Space?

Patients with pelvic fractures who are hemodynamically unstable represent a unique challenge for the trauma team. Mortality in this severely injured cohort of patients exceeds 30–40% in modern series. Control of life-threatening hemorrhage should be prompt utilizing a combination of pelvic stabilization, goal-directed hemostasis with early blood components, resuscitative endovascular aortic balloon occlusion, and peritoneal pelvic packing. Adjunctive angioembolization may be necessary following external fixation and pelvic packing in patients with ongoing transfusion requirements.
Examining the relationship between health locus of control and God Locus of Health Control: Is God an internal or external source?:

For many people, the influence of believing in a higher power can elicit powerful effects. This study examined the relationship between God control, health locus of control, and frequency of religious attendance within 838 college students through online surveys. Regression analysis showed that chance and external locus of control and frequency of religious attendance were significant and positive predictors of God Locus of Health Control. The association of powerful others external locus of control and God Locus of Health Control differed by race (stronger in non-Whites than Whites) and somewhat by gender (stronger in women than men). For some people, the role of a supreme being, or God, should be considered when designing programs for improving health behaviors.
Personalized learning pathways using code puzzles for novice programmers

Computer science education is still limited for middle school and high school students, while programming becomes an important skill to know. Therefore, students often have to rely on novice programming environments such as Scratch [1] and Hour of Code [2] and learn coding independently.
The Effect of Frailty Index on Early Outcomes after Combined Colorectal and Liver Resections

Although previous studies have examined frailty as a potential predictor of adverse surgical outcomes, little is reported on its application. We sought to assess the impact of the 5-item modified frailty index (mFI) on morbidity in patients undergoing combined colorectal and liver resections. Adult patients who underwent combined colorectal and liver resections were identified using the ACS-NSQIP database (2005–2015). The 5-item mFI consists of history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and partial/total dependence. Patients were stratified into three groups: mFI 0, 1, or ≥ 2. The impact of the mFI on primary outcomes (30-day overall and serious morbidity) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Subgroup analyses by age and hepatectomy type was also performed. A total of 1928 patients were identified: 55.1% with mFI = 0, 33.2% with mFI = 1, and 11.7% with mFI ≥ 2. 75.9% of patients underwent wedge resection/segmentectomy (84.6% colon, 15.4% rectum), and 24.1% underwent hemihepatectomy (88.8% colon, 11.2% rectum). On unadjusted analysis, patients with mFI ≥ 2 had significantly greater rates of overall and serious morbidity, regardless of age and hepatectomy type. These findings were consistent with the multivariable analysis, where patients with mFI ≥ 2 had increased odds of overall morbidity (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02–1.96, p = 0.037) and were more than twice likely to experience serious morbidity (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.47–3.04, p < 0.001). The 5-item mFI is significantly associated with 30-day morbidity in patients undergoing combined colorectal and liver resections. It is a tool that can guide surgeons preoperatively in assessing morbidity risk in patients undergoing concomitant resections.
Nurse practitioners' completion of Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment forms in West Virginia: A secondary analysis of 12 months of data from the state registry.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Advanced care planning documents, such as the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST), require authorized medical provider signatures; only recently have nurse practitioners (NPs) been authorized to sign these forms. Recent legislation in West Virginia (WV) granting NPs signatory authority on POLST forms and the creation of a statewide registry provides an opportunity to examine the completion rates. The aim of this study was to investigate how recent legislation allowing NPs signatory authority for POLST forms has affected POLST completion. METHODS Data were obtained from the WV statewide registry of POST forms completed by all authorized personnel. Forms submitted by NPs were compared with those completed by physicians on patient demographics, setting, resuscitation status, level of medical intervention, and errors. Variables were cross-tabulated by provider type to determine whether and how NP POST completion differed from that of physicians. CONCLUSIONS Forty-five NPs submitted 430 POST forms to the WV registry, which constituted 14.4% of the POST forms received. Ten NPs in community and hospital specialist palliative care teams submitted more than two thirds of these 430 forms. Nurse practitioner-completed POST forms were more likely to order do not resuscitate and comfort measures than POST forms ordered by physicians (both p < .001) and to be without errors (p < .001). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurse practitioners practicing in specialist palliative care roles in communities and hospitals have embraced the use of POST and followed through on complete and accurate completion of the forms. With this signatory authority, primary and specialist NPs have the potential to improve end-of-life care.
On-Line Parameter Estimation

In this chapter, we focus on the design of on-line parameter estimators or adaptive laws. An adaptive control scheme has two essential ingredients: (i) a control structure that could be used to meet the control objective if the plant parameters are known; and (ii) a parameter estimator or adaptive law which provides estimates of the plant or controller parameters, to be used when the plant parameters and hence the controller parameters are unknown. The properties of both the control structure and the adaptive law play a crucial role in determining the stability of the closed loop adaptive system. Having already studied some of the control structures of interest to us in the last chapter, we now concentrate on the adaptive laws.
On the Safety of IoT Device Physical Interaction Control

Emerging Internet of Things (IoT) platforms provide increased functionality to enable human interaction with the physical world in an autonomous manner. The physical interaction features of IoT platforms allow IoT devices to make an impact on the physical environment. However, such features also bring new safety challenges, where attackers can leverage stealthy physical interactions to launch attacks against IoT systems. In this paper, we propose a framework called IoTMon that discovers any possible physical interactions and generates all potential interaction chains across applications in the IoT environment. IoTMon also includes an assessment of the safety risk of each discovered inter-app interaction chain based on its physical influence. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation of IoTMon and present a comprehensive system evaluation on the Samsung SmartThings platform. We study 185 official SmartThings applications and find they can form 162 hidden inter-app interaction chains through physical surroundings. In particular, our experiment reveals that 37 interaction chains are highly risky and could be potentially exploited to impact the safety of the IoT~environment.
Department-Level Instructional Change: Comparing Prescribed versus Emergent Strategies

Academic departments are thought to be highly productive units of change in higher education. This paper investigates department-level instructional change via case studies analyzed with two change frameworks. One framework embodies prescribed change, emphasizing leader actions. The other framework embodies emergent change, emphasizing participants' responsibilities. Analysis identified successes and missed opportunities. The results provide guidance on how change agents might create vision, motivate participants, build momentum, and institutionalize change. Through familiarity with multiple change frameworks, a change agent can plan change initiatives that best fit with the local goals and context, thus increasing the likelihood of success.
Home Telecare Program on Oral Health

This chapter describes the use of interactive videoconferencing as a strategy for oral hygiene training which may lead to a change in oral hygiene service delivery methods, an improvement in access to quality oral health care, and a reduction in oral disease burden on underserved populations. Clients who may benefit most from the oral home telecare are those who demonstrate cognitive impairment and/or physical disabilities, especially upper extremity dysfunction with manual dexterity impairment, and/or orofacial dysfunction. Preventive oral homecare via videoconferencing has been shown to build long-term habits for maintaining oral hygiene among people with chronic medical conditions or disabilities, thereby maintaining the continuity of care with conventional dental care services. Oral home telecare educational and training services provided by occupational therapists can be integrated into a broader, interdisciplinary, comprehensive telerehabilitation delivery program to enhance the patient’s general health and overall quality of life.
Physiological model using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a noninvasive, fast, and low-cost technology with potential to assist cancer diagnosis. The goal of this study was to test the capability of our physiological model, a computational Monte Carlo lookup table inverse model, for nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis. We applied this model on a clinical DRS dataset to extract scattering parameters, blood volume fraction, oxygen saturation and vessel radius. We found that the model was able to capture physiological information relevant to skin cancer. We used the extracted parameters to classify (basal cell carcinoma [BCC], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) vs actinic keratosis (AK) and (BCC, SCC, AK) vs normal. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve achieved by the classifiers trained on the parameters extracted using the physiological model is comparable to that of classifiers trained on features extracted via Principal Component Analysis. Our findings suggest that DRS can reveal physiologic characteristics of skin and this physiologic model offers greater flexibility for diagnosing skin cancer than a pure statistical analysis. Physiological parameters extracted from diffuse reflectance spectra data for nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis.
Investigating Transparent Web Proxies in Cellular Networks

People increasingly use mobile devices as their primary means to access the Internet. While it is well known that cellular network operators employ middleboxes, the details of their behavior and their impact on Web performance are poorly understood. This paper presents an analysis of proxy behavior and how transparent Web proxies interact with HTTP traffic in four major US cell carriers. We find that all four carriers use these proxies to interpose on HTTP traffic, but they vary in terms of whether they perform object caching, traffic redirection, image compression, and connection reuse. For example, some transparent proxies unilaterally lower the quality of images, which improves object fetch time but may hurt user satisfaction. We also find that these proxies do not necessarily enhance performance for mobile Web workloads in terms of object fetch times; namely, we observe noticeable benefits only when flow sizes are large and the path between the server and proxy exhibits large latency and/or loss.
Does Insurance Status Impact Delivery of Care with Upper Airway Stimulation for OSA

Objective:To understand differences in patient demographics, insurance-related treatment delays, and average waiting times for Medicare and private insurance patients undergoing upper airway stimul...
Current status of opioid addiction treatment and related preclinical research

Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are diseases of the brain with behavioral, psychological, neurobiological, and medical manifestations. Vulnerability to OUDs can be affected by factors such as genetic background, environment, stress, and prolonged exposure to μ-opioid agonists for analgesia. Two standard-of-care maintenance medications, methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone, have a long-term positive influence on health of persons with opioid addiction. Buprenorphine and another medication, naltrexone, have also been approved for administration as monthly depot injections. However, neither medication is used as widely as needed, due largely to stigma, insufficient medical education or training, inadequate resources, and inadequate access to treatment. Ongoing directions in the field include (i) personalized approaches leveraging genetic factors for prediction of OUD vulnerability and prognosis, or for targeted pharmacotherapy, and (ii) development of novel analgesic medicines with new neurobiological targets with reduced abuse potential, reduced toxicity, and improved effectiveness, especially for chronic pain states other than cancer pain.
Normal and Benign Cervical Cytology

A correctly taken cervical smear or liquid-based cytology preparation contains a variety of epithelial cells from the ectocervical squamous epithelium, transformation zone, and endocervical canal. A benign sample could also contain exfoliated endometrial cells, histiocytes, leukocytes, red blood cells, and normal vaginal flora. The type of epithelial cells seen on slides is determined by factors like the degree of maturation of the cervical epithelium, the location of the squamocolumnar junction which depends on the hormonal status at the time of sampling, the presence of metaplastic changes in the transformation zone, or the presence of inflammation or infection. Knowing the spectrum of benign findings is of paramount importance for the correct interpretation of cervical cytology specimens.
Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos: Suspeitar e Despistar: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Suspect and Exclude

Uma jovem de 22 anos recorreu a consulta com o Medico de Familia por queixas de deslocacao frequente daarticulacao esternoclavicular esquerda quando levantava pesos no ginasio, com 1 ano de evolucao. Negava traumatismos previos.Nao possuia antecedentes pessoais de relevo. Como medicacao habitual fazia apenas um contracetivo oral combinado. Apresentava antecedentes familiares de hemocromatose (pai e irmao), sem outros antecedentes familiares relevantes conhecidos.[...]
Cellular and genomic approaches for exploring structural chromosomal rearrangements

Human chromosomes are arranged in a linear and conserved sequence order that undergoes further spatial folding within the three-dimensional space of the nucleus. Although structural variations in this organization are an important source of natural genetic diversity, cytogenetic aberrations can also underlie a number of human diseases and disorders. Approaches for studying chromosome structure began half a century ago with karyotyping of Giemsa-banded chromosomes and has now evolved to encompass high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, reporter-based assays, and next-generation DNA sequencing technologies. Here, we provide a general overview of experimental methods at different resolution and sensitivity scales and discuss how they can be complemented to provide synergistic insight into the study of human chromosome structural rearrangements. These approaches range from kilobase-level resolution DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based imaging approaches of individual cells to genome-wide sequencing strategies that can capture nucleotide-level information from diverse sample types. Technological advances coupled to the combinatorial use of multiple methods have resulted in the discovery of new rearrangement classes along with mechanistic insights into the processes that drive structural alterations in the human genome.
Recession Prediction Markets and Rare Macroeconomic Disaster Risk in Asset Prices

This paper analyzes recession prediction markets from Intrade and PredictIt where individuals bet on the binary outcome of a recession occurring by a certain date. Using a time series of such historical recession prediction market data to measure macroeconomic risk in a variety of asset classes, we find a 1% increase in ex-ante recession prediction market probability is associated with a -0.29% decline in U.S. equity markets and a -0.77 basis point decrease in the 10-Year U.S. Treasury yield. Recession prediction markets also explain a significant amount of the variation in credit spreads, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, and U.S. dollar foreign exchange rates but cannot explain the value and momentum anomalies in equity markets as well as the U.S. treasury term premium.
Improvement in MR quality control workflow and outcomes with a web-based database

PURPOSE To describe a custom-built, web-based MR Quality Control (QC) database, and to assess its impact on the QC workflow and outcomes in a large U.S. academic medical center. METHODS The MR QC database was built with Microsoft Access 2010 and published on a Microsoft Sharepoint website owned and maintained by the authors' institution. Authorized users can access the database remotely with mainstream web browsers on any institutional computers. QC technologists were granted access to add, review, and print daily and weekly QC records. Qualified medical physicists (QMPs) were granted additional access to edit, review, and approve existing QC records and to change tolerance limits. A macro was utilized to conduct an automatic weekly review of QC status and to email the results to a QMP. This web-based QC database was implemented on 17 clinical MRIs at the authors' institution. Weekly ACR QC findings within one year before and after implementation were compared. RESULTS We analyzed 158 QC issues detected by the web-based database and 127 QC issues identified in conventional paper records before we implemented the database. The web-based database significantly reduced the number of QC issues due to technologist error (before/after: 59/24 cases, P < 0.0001) but did not affect the number of QC issues related to scanner performance (before/after: 49/46 cases, P = 1). Further analysis revealed that the web-based database significantly reduced the average time for the QMPs to identify a QC issue (before/after: 177 ± 110/2 ± 2 days, P < 0.0001) and time to correction (before/after: 81 ± 102/7 ± 8 days, P < 0.0001). The correction rate also significantly increased (before/after: 22%/99%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The web-based QC database provides a positive impact on our MR QC workflow and outcomes. It simplifies QC workflow, enables early detection of quality issues, and facilitates quick resolution of problems that may affect the quality of clinical MRI studies.
Parent and/or Peer Attachment? Predicting Emerging Adults’ Prosocial Behaviors and Internalizing Symptomatology

Despite the extant literature, our understanding of the relative influence of attachment figures on multiple indices of socioemotional outcomes, especially during emerging adulthood, has been incomplete. The goal of the present study was to explicate the direct and indirect relations among maternal attachment, paternal attachment, peer attachment, internalizing symptomatology, and prosocial behaviors in a sample of emerging adults. Measures of maternal and paternal attachment, peer attachment, internalizing symptomatology (depression, anxiety, and stress) and multidimensional prosocial behaviors (altruistic, anonymous, dire, emotional, compliant, and dire) were administered to 189 college students (49% female; Mage = 18.82 years; 70% White). Maternal attachment was directly related to peer attachment and internalizing symptomatology. Peer attachment mediated the relations between maternal attachment and all outcomes except for public and anonymous prosocial behaviors. Paternal attachment failed to predict any outcomes when considered in the same model as maternal attachment. Further, emerging adult gender did not moderate any paths in the model. Taken together, the current findings underscore the continued importance of parent and peer attachment on mental health and socioemotional competencies during the transition into adulthood.
Residential accessibility’s relationships with crash rates per capita

This paper examines the relationship between residential accessibility, i.e., accessibility from a person’s home address, and their likelihood of being in a crash over a three-year period. We explore two potential relationships with accessibility. The first is that persons who live in areas with high destination accessibility may drive less and therefore are less likely to be in vehicular crashes. The second is that persons who live in high vehicle miles traveled (VMT) accessibility areas may be exposed to higher levels of traffic in their regular activity space and therefore may be more likely to be in crashes of all modal types. Examining traffic analysis zones in Knoxville, Tennessee, this research finds some evidence for each of these hypothesized effects. These oppositely directed effects have dominant influence within different travel-time thresholds. The first relationship between destination accessibility and fewer crashes is found to be strongest for 10-minute auto accessibility, whereas the second relationship between VMT accessibility and more crashes is found to occur at 10-minute, 20-minute, and 30-minute thresholds.
Disorders of Magnesium: Hypermagnesemia

Hypermagnesemia, which is defined as serum [Mg2+] > 2.7 mg/dL, is not a common electrolyte disorder in individuals with normal renal function. As stated in Chap. 23, the kidney is able to maintain serum [Mg2+] within normal range by enhancing its excretion in situations of excess Mg2+ intake. Therefore, a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as seen in chronic kidney disease, seems to be the most common cause of hypermagnesemia. The other major cause is an exogenous load of Mg2+. Excess intake of Mg2+ can occur when a patient with preeclampsia (a condition characterized by proteinuria and hypertension during third trimester of pregnancy) is treated with magnesium sulfate or when individuals take Mg2+-containing antacids or enemas. Infants born to mothers who were treated with magnesium for preeclampsia/eclampsia may develop hypermagnesemia. Elderly individuals are particularly susceptible to Mg2+ toxicity because of decreased renal function with aging and excessive use of Mg2+-containing medications and vitamins. Subjects with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia may have elevated Mg2+ levels. Acromegalics and patients with adrenal insufficiency may have hypermagnesemia. The various causes of hypermagnesemia are summarized in Table 25.1.
Nanosilica-treated shape memory polymer fibers to strengthen wellbore cement

Abstract To attain cement sheath integrity, a tight and ductile microstructure for the cement matrix is desirable. Despite improvements achieved in cement design by employing fiber additives, limitations such as low compressive strength and formation of weak regions may result in fracture initiation points in the cement matrix. In this work we grafted silica nanoparticles on the surface of expandable polymer fibers through a sol-gel process to improve the bonding with the cement matrix and inhibit the formation of weak points in the cement sheath. Considering water-phobic nature of some of these polymeric surfaces, hydrophilic coating of fibers may improve their adhesions to the water-based cement, significantly. The mechanical performance of the samples made of treated fibers are characterized by means of compressive strength, flexural strength, and cyclic loading. Cement samples with nanosilica-treated fibers demonstrated superior results in all mechanical tests in comparison to samples made from untreated fibers. Even at low concentrations, such as 2% by weight, higher flexural strength is observed in the cement with the treated fibers. We also noticed that the flexural strength increases proportionally to the fiber concentration. Therefore, the concentration of additives may be tailored to deter crack propagation in accordance with the other requirements of the cementing operation. The expansive capabilities and rheological properties of the cement are maintained after the surface treatment. The results also demonstrate that the damage to the cement during cyclic loading is reduced when the cement is reinforced with treated fibers that can be interpreted as improved resiliency which is critical in the wells undergone frequent pressure fluctuations during hydraulic fracturing treatments.
Nonparametric Estimation and Conformal Inference of the Sufficient Forecasting With a Diverging Number of Factors

The sufficient forecasting (SF) provides a nonparametric procedure to estimate forecasting indices from high-dimensional predictors to forecast a single time series, allowing for the possibly nonli...
Development and Internal Validation of A Prediction Tool To Assist Clinicians Selecting Second-Line Therapy Following Metformin Monotherapy For Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract Objective Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face increased risk of many long-term adverse outcomes. While managing patients with T2D, clinicians are challenged to stay informed regarding all new therapies and must consider potential risks and benefits resultant to their use. Metformin (MET) is typically prescribed as first-line therapy, but a second line is often needed, given MET can be insufficient for maintaining long-term glycemic control. Our objective was to develop a predictive decision-making tool to help clinicians use an outcome-based approach to select second-line therapies for patients when MET monotherapy is insufficient for glycemic control. Methods Electronic health records of 19 277 adults with T2D on MET monotherapy and ≥3 months of either GLP-1RA, DPP-4i, Insulin, SGLT-2i, SFU, or TZD therapy were reviewed at Cleveland Clinic from patient visits occurring between 2005 and 2019. Separate models were developed to predict likelihood of each main outcome measure (stroke, myocardial infarction, worsening hypertension, renal failure, and death). Discrimination and calibration were assessed with bootstrapping. Results The median follow-up time for those without an event was 3.6 years (interquartile range 1.9, 6.3). Model discrimination ability was evaluated by concordance indices (goodness of fit metric with values ranging between 0 and 1: 1 indicates perfect discrimination ability; 0.5 reflects same discrimination ability as chance) demonstrating strong discrimination ability, with concordance index values for outcomes as follows: myocardial infarction (0.786), stroke (0.805), worsening hypertension (0.855), renal failure (0.808), and death (0.827). Conclusion A decision-making tool has been developed that may afford clinicians a more objective and individualized approach to choosing a second-line therapy to control glycemia for persons with T2D.
The First Cadaveric Dissection in India: Calcutta Medical College circa - 10th January, 1836

Historical Perspective The first cadaver dissection in India in the 19th century after millennia of social prejudices took place in the recently established Calcutta Medical College in 1835, the first medical college in Asia imparting western medical education to British, Anglo Indians and Indians in the empire. The first scientific approach to medical sciences commenced following this landmark event and set the trend for future liberal attitudes in society and contributed to the Bengal Renaissance of the 19th century. This is a fictional account of the day when it happened. Only the characters and the fact that the dissection occurred are real.
Green Technology Firms and Sustainable Public Purchasing

For green technology firms, government's shifting preference for sustainable products and services is likely to become an increasingly important market factor. Green technology firms are thus in an excellent position to respond to greater calls for environmentally friendly products and services and derive market advantages from doing so. Moreover, green technology firms possess the knowledge, expertise, and experience that can increase local governments' sustainable purchasing. Drawing from the results of two recent studies, this paper presents five reasons why green technology firms should care about local governments' recent trend toward sustainable purchasing.
Education: Development of the Intellectual and Moral Virtues

This chapter argues that the educational and social initiatives of the Hizmet movement are best understood as fundamentally oriented to the cultivation of the intellectual and moral virtues in the context of service to humanity. It explores the educational philosophy of Hizmet schools as focused on the pursuit of enlightened wisdom and moral character development. The virtue of hospitality shapes the dialogical approach and ethos of these schools. Such a conception fosters a strong emphasis on integrated learning, linking of liberal education and democratic citizenship, and the development of civic polity centered on civility and dialogue as central to public discourse.
Pieces of the True Grail: A G Protein Finds Its Target

One of the first to be discovered and still one of the most important, cyclic AMP is a second messenger inside cells, carrying information from outside signals to change processes inside. As described by Bourne in his Perspective and reported by Tesmer et al. and Sunahara et al., adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes this process, has now been crystallized with the molecule that turns it on, the G protein G, yielding a first glimpse into the molecular details that underly this critical biochemical reaction.
Anticipation in bipolar affective disorder

Anticipation refers to the increase in disease severity or decrease in age at onset in succeeding generations. This phenomenon, formerly ascribed to observation biases, correlates with the expansion of trinucleotide repeat sequences (TNRs) in some disorders. If present in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), anticipation could provide clues to its genetic etiology. We compared age at onset and disease severity between two generations of 34 unilineal families ascertained for a genetic linkage study of BPAD. Life-table analyses showed a significant decrease in survival to first mania or depression from the first to the second generation (P < .001). Intergenerational pairwise comparisons showed both a significantly earlier age at onset (P < .001) and a significantly increased disease severity (P < .001) in the second generation. This difference was significant under each of four data-sampling schemes which excluded probands in the second generation. The second generation experienced onset 8.9-13.5 years earlier and illness 1.8-3.4 times more severe than did the first generation. In additional analyses, drug abuse, deaths of affected individuals prior to interview, decreased fertility, censoring of age at onset, and the cohort effect did not affect our results. We conclude that genetic anticipation occurs in this sample of unilineal BPAD families. These findings may implicate genes with expanding TNRs in the genetic etiology of BPAD.
Phospholipid Composition of Desulfovibrio Species

The phospholipids of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Norway strain, D. vulgaris, and D. gigas were examined in relationship to their qualitative and quantitative composition. D. desulfuricans and D. vulgaris exhibited an essentially identical phospholipid composition consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and lysophosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylserine (10.9%) was present in D. desulfuricans but was not detected in D. vulgaris. D. gigas was found to contain only two phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (30%) and phosphatidylglycerol (70%). An ornithine-containing lipid was detected in D. gigas which was not present in the other two Desulfovibrio species.
Dephosphorylation by peroxyanions in micelles and microemulsions

Dephosphorylation of p-nitrophenyl diphenylphosphate (pNPDPP) by OH− in aqueous cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH) is inhibited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuO2H), which reduces the binding of OH−, and whose anion is a relatively ineffective nucleophile. Reaction is faster in microemulsions of CTACl, n-octane and OH−, with t-BuO2H as cosurfactant, than in otherwise similar microemulsions with t-butyl alcohol as cosurfactant. Dephosphorylation by m-chloroperoxybenzoate ion is slower in microemulsions of cetyltrimethylammonium mesylate or benzenesulfonate, with n-octane and tert-butyl alcohol, than in cationic micelles, but a wide range of concentrations can be examined. The reaction rates qualitatively follow the concentration of peroxy acid relative to surfactant, and inert anions slow the reaction. Dephosphorylation by peroxyphthalate dianion in micelles of CTACl fits a pseudophase kinetic model, except in very dilute surfactant where reaction is faster than predicted.
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM TYPE I (PHA-I) WITH CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA & DIMINISHED IMMUNOGLOBULINS: EXPANDING THE PHENOTYPE.577

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM TYPE I (PHA-I) WITH CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA & DIMINISHED IMMUNOGLOBULINS: EXPANDING THE PHENOTYPE. 577
p53, a Target of Estrogen Receptor (ER) α, Modulates DNA Damage-induced Growth Suppression in ER-positive Breast Cancer Cells

In response to genotoxic stress, the p53 tumor suppressor induces target genes for cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Although p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in all human cancers, it is only mutated in about 20% of breast cancers. 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and express ERα. ER-positive breast cancer generally indicates good patient prognosis and treatment responsiveness with antiestrogens, such as tamoxifen. However, ER-positive breast cancer patients can experience loss or a reduction in ERα, which is associated with aggressive tumor growth, increased invasiveness, poor prognosis, and loss of p53 function. Consistent with this, we found that p53 is a target gene of ERα. Specifically, we found that knockdown of ERα decreases expression of p53 and its downstream targets, MDM2 and p21. In addition, we found that ERα activates p53 transcription via binding to estrogen response element half-sites within the p53 promoter. Moreover, we found that loss of ERα desensitizes, whereas ectopic expression of ERα sensitizes, breast cancer cells to DNA damage-induced growth suppression in a p53-dependent manner. Altogether, this study provides an insight into a feedback loop between ERα and p53 and a biological role of p53 in the DNA damage response in ER-positive breast cancers.
Effects of particle size on anaerobic digestion of food waste

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size reduction and solubilization on biogas production from food waste (FW). To clarify the effects of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the digestion process, the relationship between particle size and VFA accumulation was investigated in detail. For this purpose, substrates of various particle sizes were prepared by bead milling to support hydrolysis. Batch anaerobic digestion experiments were carried out using these pretreated substrates at mesophilic temperature for a period of 16 days. The results of pretreatment showed that the mean particle size (MPS) of substrates ground with a bead mill decreased from 0.843 to 0.391 mm, and solubilization accounted for approximately 40% of the total chemical oxygen demand (total COD) for grinding pretreatment by bead milling. Anaerobic digestion batch experiments revealed that MPS reduced by bead milling at 1000 rpm improved methane yield by 28% compared with disposer treatment. Moreover, this may have increased microbial degradation during the VFA production process with increasing total number of revolutions (operation time × revolutions per minute). However, excessive reduction of the particle size of the substrate resulted in VFA accumulation, decreased methane production, and decreased solubilization in the anaerobic digestion process. These results suggest that optimized reduction of the particle size of the substrate in conjunction with optimized microbial growth could improve the methane yield in anaerobic digestion processes.
Air-, N2-, and O2-broadening and shift coefficients in the ν3 spectral region of 12CH4

Results are presented of an analysis of 29 room-temperature laboratory absorption spectra of a dilute CH4 sample in dry air, N2, and O2 at total pressures ranging from 60 to 550 torr, yielding values of pressure-broadening and pressure-induced-shift coefficients for more than 450 vibration-rotation transitions in the nu(3), nu(2) + nu(4), and 2nu(2)-super-2 bands of (C-12)H4. Comparisons of the present results for the nu(3) and nu(2) + nu(4) bands with previous measurements on other bands and isotopes of CH4 show that, for a given transition, broadening by air and N2 are nearly equal, and broadening by O2 is smaller by less than 10 percent. It is also found that the pressure shift coefficients are more vibrational dependent than the pressure broadening coefficients.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING OF SEIZURE DISORDERS

Epilepsy is the most common disabling neurologic disorder. The cumulative prevalence of epilepsy, or recurrent unprovoked seizures, is estimated to be 3%. The lifetime incidence of at least one seizure may be as high as 9%. 42 The variety of clinical presentations of seizures often makes accurate diagnosis problematic, but most patients can be diagnosed appropriately following a well-organized, circumspect assessment. This article reviews the diagnostic techniques that are useful in the evaluation of seizures in adults and children. Emphasis is placed on exclusion of treatable causes, appropriate classification, and accurate localization. Common electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are described, as well as other adjunctive neuroimaging techniques. Specific clinical situations such as the first seizure, febrile convulsions, intractable epilepsy, and psychogenic seizures are discussed. To place the diagnostic evaluation in clinical context, the classification and causes of seizures are summarized briefly.
LPS- induced inflammation exacerbates phospho-tau pathology in rTg4510 mice

Inflammation and microglial activation are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Somewhat surprisingly, injection of a prototypical inflammatory agent, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into brains of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice clears some of the pre-existing amyloid deposits. It is less well understood how brain inflammation modulates tau pathology in the absence of Aβ. These studies examined the role of LPS-induced inflammation on tau pathology. We used transgenic rTg4510 mice, which express the P301L mutation (4R0N TauP301L) and initiate tau pathology between 3-5 months of age. First, we found an age-dependent increase in several markers of microglial activation as these rTg4510 mice aged and tau tangles accumulated. LPS injections into the frontal cortex and hippocampus induced significant activation of CD45 and arginase 1 in rTg4510 and non-transgenic mice. In addition, activation of YM1 by LPS was exaggerated in transgenic mice relative to non-transgenic animals. Expression of Ser199/202 and phospho-tau Ser396 was increased in rTg4510 mice that received LPS compared to vehicle injections. However, the numbers of silver-positive neurons, implying presence of more pre- and mature tangles, was not significantly affected by LPS administration. These data suggest that inflammatory stimuli can facilitate tau phosphorylation. Coupled with prior results demonstrating clearance of Aβ by similar LPS injections, these results suggest that brain inflammation may have opposing effects on amyloid and tau pathology, possibly explaining the failures (to date) of anti-inflammatory therapies in AD patients.
Control of grammar in imitation, comprehension, and production

Summary The familiar assertion that, in language development, understanding precedes production was tested for 10 grammatical contrasts with 12 3-year-old children. Understanding was operationalized as the correct identification of pictures named by contrasting sentences. Production was operationalized in two ways: (a) as the correct imitation of contrasting features in sentences without evidence of understanding; and (b) as the correct production of contrasting features in sentences applied appropriately to pictures. Production, in the second sense, proves to be less advanced than understanding in 3-year-old children. However, production in the sense of imitation proves to be more advanced than understanding in 3-year-olds.