cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation in a child with sickle cell disease and moyamoya arteriopathy. Case report

The authors report the unique case of a 6-year-old African-American girl with sickle cell disease (SCD) and an associated moyamoya arteriopathy who developed a de novo arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the cerebral circulation. Based on preoperative cerebral angiography, computerized tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging, the incidentally discovered lesion was originally thought to be a direct arteriovenous fistula with an associated varix. At surgery, however, a 1.5-cm AVM was identified adjacent to the deep surface of the varix, and it was successfully resected. The diagnosis of cerebral AVM was then confirmed histopathologically. Based on a review of the literature, no published correlation between cerebral AVMs and SCD exists. In addition to reporting this case, the authors provide a description of AVM pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on acquired AVMs of the cerebral circulation.
Value Pluralism and Liberal Politics

Contemporary Neo-Berlinians contend that value pluralism is the best account of the moral universe we inhabit; they also contend that value pluralism provides a powerful case for liberalism. In this paper, I challenge both claims. Specifically, I will examine the arguments offered in support of value pluralism; finding them lacking, I will then offer some reasons for thinking that value pluralism is not an especially promising view of our moral universe.
Incorporating distributional considerations in the safe minimum standard approach: endangered species and local impacts

Abstract Explicitly incorporating current distributional concerns into the safe minimum standard (SMS) approach is the objective of this study. The SMS approach is a collective choice process that prescribes protecting a minimum level of a renewable natural resource unless the social costs of doing so are somehow excessive or intolerably high. More complete implementation of an SMS approach, if it is to be a pragmatic policy tool, requires that distributional considerations be included in determining whether the economic consequences of preservation actions are intolerable. Two case studies involving the US Endangered Species Act are used to illustrate how distributional concerns might be incorporated into the SMS approach.
Streams and Rivers of North America: Western, Northern and Mexican Basins

This is the second of two articles covering streams and rivers from North America. This article covers four of seven mega-regions: southwestern US, Mexico, Pacific Coast, and Arctic. These regions include a wide range of climates and biomes from tropical rain forest to desert to temperate coniferous forest to arctic tundra. Southwestern US and northern Mexico streams often begin in mountains and then flow through low-relief deserts. They are heavily exploited by dams and water extraction and frequently do not reach their mouths. Southern Mexico is wet-tropical and includes a large unregulated river with high runoff. Pacific rivers range from arid in southern California to those with high precipitation and runoff from northern California into British Columbia. In northern British Columbia and southern Alaska precipitation declines, but runoff remains high. Small arctic rivers often freeze in winter, but three large arctic rivers drain from deep within the continent. US Pacific rivers are strongly fragmented, particularly in the Columbia basin, as salmon migrations have been greatly reduced or eliminated. Northern Pacific rivers represent the largest unregulated rivers on the continent and maintain enormous fish migrations. Fish biodiversity in southwestern US, Pacific, and Arctic rivers is relatively low compared to eastern and central rivers, but is relatively high in Mexico.
Effects of Mammalian LH, Cyclic AMP and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Steroidogenesis, Lactate Production, Glucose Uptake and Utilization by Avian Granulosa Cells

Granulosa cells isolated by collagenase digestion from the two largest preovulatory follicles of laying hens were incubated in Medium TC199. Progesterone and lactic acid concentrations were measured in the medium. Glucose utilization was estimated by the generation of [3H120 from D-15-3Hlglucose. Glucose uptake was assessed by determining the intracellular accumulation of 2-deoxy-D-ll-3Hlglucose. At submaximally stimulating doses of 0LH or bLH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX) potentiated progesterone production, while at maximally stimulating doses of agonists both theophylline and MIX inhibited steroidogenesis. Moreover, LU-promoted steroidogenesis and lactic acid production was glucose dependent. Theophylline, MIX and papaverine significantly and in a dose-dependent fashion inhibited deoxyglucose uptake, glucose utilization and lactate production. It is concluded therefore that exogenous glucose is essential for LU-promoted steroidogenesis in isolated chicken granulosa cells. Moreover, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors suppress progesterone responses to optimally stimulating doses of LU and dibutyryl cyclic AMP by inhibiting glucose transport and utilization and not by influencing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP.
Parallelizing Tree Algorithms: Overhead vs. Parallelism

We consider techniques to efficiently exploit large scale parallel execution of tree operations. Both arbitrary and fixed order operations on trees are considered. An arbitrary order execution must be equivalent to a sequential execution of these operations in some order, while a fixed order execution specifies a specific order.
Pannorin B, a new naphthopyrone from an endophytic fungal isolate of Penicillium sp

The herbal remedy, milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been used in traditional medicine for various liver, kidney, and gall bladder ailments. For over a decade, our research group has been investigating the flavonolignans obtained from this medicinal herb for cancer chemoprevention and hepatoprotection.1-6 Recently, we extended our studies toward examining the diversity as well as distribution patterns of fungal endophytes in leaves, stem, and roots of milk thistle.7 These fungi inhabit the internal living tissues of the host plants asymptomatically, though they may also cause disease over time.8 In addition to the phylogenetic profiling of these endophytes, a series of fungal extracts were also examined for chemical composition. Although the plant–endophyte relationship may or may not be mutualistic, the compounds produced by some endophytes could play a role in the growth and survival of the host. In a previous study, Penicillium restrictum, isolated from milk thistle, yielded promising secondary metabolites.9 Hence, in pursuit of interesting chemistry, a related monoverticillate endophytic Penicillium sp. was explored.
Generation of mice with a conditional allele for transforming growth factor beta 1 gene

The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway is involved in embryonic development and several inherited and acquired human diseases. The gene for TGFβ3 (Tgfb3) encodes one of the three ligands for TGFβ receptors. It is widely expressed in the embryo and its mutation or misexpression is found in human diseases. Tgfb3-/- mice die at birth from cleft palate, precluding functional studies in adults. Here, we generated mice in which exon 6 of Tgfb3 was flanked with LoxP sites (Tgfb3flox/flox). The adult mice were normal and fertile. EIIa-Cre-mediated deletion of exon 6 in Tgfb3flox/flox mice efficiently generated Tgfb3 conditional knockout (Tgfb3cko/cko) mice which died at birth from the same cleft palate defect as Tgfb3-/- mice, indicating that the conditional and knockout alleles are functionally equivalent. This Tgfb3cko allele will now enable studies of TGFβ3 function in different cell or tissue types in embryonic development and during adulthood.
Dirichlet based Bayesian multivariate receptor modeling

We propose a simple, fully Bayesian approach for multivariate receptor modeling that allows for flexible and consistent incorporation of a priori information. The model uses a generalization of the Dirichlet distribution as the prior distribution on source profiles that allows great flexibility in the specification of prior information. Heavy-tailed lognormal distributions are used as priors on source contributions to match the nature of particulate concentrations. A simulation study based on the Washington, DC airshed shows that the model compares favorably to Positive Matrix Factorization, a standard analysis approach used for pollution source apportionment. A significant advantage of the proposed approach compared to most popularly used methods is that the Bayesian framework yields complete distributional results for each parameter of interest (including distributions for each element of the source profile and source contribution matrices). These distributions offer a great deal of power and versatility when addressing complex questions of interest to the researcher. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on the correlation between the Schottky-diode barrier height and the ideality factor as determined from I-V measurements

An expression is derived which relates the barrier height and ideality factor of a Schottky diode as determined from I-V measurements. The expression agrees well with data from PtSi diodes formed with a range of Pt thicknesses.
A general integration algorithm for the inverse Fourier transform of four-layer infinite plate structures

An integration algorithm is presented for the effective and accurate integration of the thermal and electrostatic solutions of a four-layer plate structure with infinite lateral boundaries. By using the method of images, the effect of the finite lateral boundaries of a rectangular structure can be taken into account. As a result, the solution of the infinite plate structure can be utilized to represent exactly the solution of a rectangular structure. The rectangular structure solution is an infinite double Fourier cosine series. A large number of terms has to be summed for accurate temperature calculation, resulting in a prohibitively long CPU time for structures with small sources. The solution of the infinite plate structure, on the other hand, is an inverse double Fourier cosine integration. The integrand decreases very rapidly with the spatial frequencies alpha and beta . However, it is also highly oscillatory, as the location of temperature calculation is remote from the source. Consequently, general-purpose integration routines require long CPU time and produce uncertain results. By using the integration algorithm developed, it is possible to reduce the CPU time by a factor of 10 and at the same time obtain more accurate results. In comparison with the infinite Fourier series solution of the rectangular structure, the CPU time is reduced by a factor of 100 to 1000 with the use of the integral solution incorporated with the integration algorithm. >
Coordinated views and tight coupling to support meta searching

This paper addresses how information visualization can support users in the meta search process and some of the design issues that arise. It describes MetaCrystal and its linked tools that enable users to control how to combine and filter the search results by different search engines. A hierarchy of aggregation is employed to provide users with quick insights into the number of documents found by a specific number or combination of search engines. MetaCrystal enables users to visually perform advanced filtering operations, such as complex Boolean constraints. This paper also discusses how to support tight coupling between the filtering controls and tools that operate at different levels of aggregation.
Responses of Prairie Arthropod Communities to Fire and Fertilizer: Balancing Plant and Arthropod Conservation

ABSTRACT Fire is an important tool for limiting woody plant invasions into prairies, but using fire management to maintain grassland plant communities may inadvertently reduce arthropod diversity. To test this, we established twenty-four 100 m2 plots in a tallgrass prairie in Galveston County, Texas, in spring 2000. Plots were assigned a fire (no burn, one time burn [2000], two time burn [2000, 2001]) and fertilization treatment (none, NPK addition) in a full factorial design. Fertilization treatments allowed us to examine the effects of fire at a different level of productivity. We measured plant cover by species and sampled arthropods with sweep nets during the 2001 growing season. Path analysis indicated that fertilization reduced while annual fires increased arthropod diversity via increases and decreases in woody plant abundance, respectively. There was no direct effect of fire on arthropod diversity or abundance. Diptera and Homoptera exhibited particularly strong positive responses to fires. Lepido...
Markets for replication

Since 1955, The Journal of Irreproducible Results has offered a satirical view on academic research, publishing pieces such as, “A double blind efficacy trial of placebos, extra strength placebos, and generic placebos” (1). Scientists are now taking a less satirical look at the reproducibility of results, with questions emerging about the robustness of findings in fields as diverse as epidemiology, genetics, neuroscience, and the social sciences (2⇓–4). The aftermath has seen myriad efforts to close the gap in reproducibility.
Increased ambiguity resolution in digital radio frequency receivers

Resolving radar signal ambiguities in digital radio frequency receivers using traditional identification (ID) techniques remains challenging. Parametric comparison of common received signal features such as radio frequency, pulse width, pulse repetition interval and angle-of-arrival can lead to either 1) multiple emitters producing a single ID, or 2) a single emitter producing multiple IDs. This work considers the use of radio frequency-distinct native attribute (RF-DNA) features to augment traditional parametric comparison approaches to augment emitter ID and reduce ambiguity. Applying RF-DNA techniques to emitter identification provides a new way of reducing or removing this ambiguity. Previously only used for communications signals, we demonstrate the concept of using RF-DNA on simulated radar signals. Initial results indicate up to 85% accuracy in determining an ambiguous pulse descriptor word was transmitted from a digitally reproduced source.
Acute Loss of Abdominal Wall Substance and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Among the most challenging of all scenarios faced by the surgeon is the realization that abdominal viscera cannot be returned to the peritoneal cavity because of the loss of an extensive area of fullthickness abdominal wall and/or massive visceral swelling as a result of fluid sequestration following trauma, shock, or sepsis. The tissue loss is usually due to an acute destructive injury requiring debridement, a fulminant necrotizing infection requiring radical excision, or the unanticipated need to extend an en bloc tumor resection to include a sizable area of abdominal wall. A frequently associated problem is bowel and mesentery edema that has progressed to the point that the swollen viscera have temporarily lost their right of domain within the peritoneal cavity proper. The clinical problem is the same whether abdominal wall substance has been lost or increased organ volume significantly exceeds the capacity of the peritoneal compartment.
Disentangling Protest Cycles: An Event-History Analysis of New Social Movements in Western Europe

The theory of protest cycles has informed us that the external political environment and the internal competition among social movement organizations are distinct elements leading to the emergence, development, and decline of popular protest. This theory, however, has not been examined systematically. I conduct an event-history analysis to test and refine the theory of protest cycles using a well-known new social movement event dataset. While proposing a general way of operationalizing the core concepts in social movement studies, I show that political opportunity only matters during the initial phase of social movement mobilization, rather than throughout the movement's lifespan. What explains declining frequencies of protest occurrence during the demobilization phase is the joint effect of two internal factors: the institutionalization of social movements and the growing violence during protests.
Attentive Pooling Networks

In this work, we propose Attentive Pooling (AP), a two-way attention mechanism for discriminative model training. In the context of pair-wise ranking or classification with neural networks, AP enables the pooling layer to be aware of the current input pair, in a way that information from the two input items can directly influence the computation of each other's representations. Along with such representations of the paired inputs, AP jointly learns a similarity measure over projected segments (e.g. trigrams) of the pair, and subsequently, derives the corresponding attention vector for each input to guide the pooling. Our two-way attention mechanism is a general framework independent of the underlying representation learning, and it has been applied to both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in our studies. The empirical results, from three very different benchmark tasks of question answering/answer selection, demonstrate that our proposed models outperform a variety of strong baselines and achieve state-of-the-art performance in all the benchmarks.
Some Tests of Spectrum Usage in Brussels, Belgium

The attached piece, published in a Belgian online law review, is an excerpt from the author's PhD dissertation completed at KU Leuven. This portion deals with empirical data of spectrum usage in Brussels and analysis of the data in the context of wireless spectrum allocation and regulation. We look at specific regulatory allocations - such as the FM radio band and the television band - and we conclude that new regulations have allowed for increased usage of this spectrum, and should continue to do so. We also see that regulations that have been ostensibly passed that prohibit broadcasting of any kind in certain frequency ranges (e.g., the military bands) have resulted in not just under use, but possibly a complete lack of use of these frequencies. We conclude that in order for us to improve the regulation and management of spectrum, we must first conduct empirical analysis of how spectrum is used.
Karolina S. Follis. Building Fortress Europe: The Polish-Ukrainian Frontier.

Karolina S. Follis. Building Fortress Europe: The Polish-Ukrainian Frontier . Democracy, Citizenship, and Constitutionalism. Ed. Rogers M. Smith. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. 296 pp. Illustrations. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $69.95, cloth.
The device that revolutionized marine organismal biology.

![Figure][1] > Jeremy Goldbogen and Jessica Meir discuss Gerald Kooyman's classic paper, ‘Maximum diving capacities of the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli’, published in Science in 1966. As recently as 50 years ago we had very little information on where marine mammals and seabirds
A Recommendation to Use the Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Understand School Nurses' Role in HPV Vaccine Uptake

Vaccinations represent one of the greatest public health achievements of the past century, but their success largely depends on populations' uptake. Seven years after its approval in 2006 for females, the HPV vaccination rates remain relatively low. Previous literature provides information about research examining U.S. physicians, pediatricians, and other healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and professional practice toward the HPV vaccine. No research has yet investigated U.S. school nurses' role in educating the school community about the vaccine's benefits. Diffusion of Innovations theory is an appropriate perspective for examining school nurses as opinion leaders who can influence the uptake of the HPV vaccine for youth. This theory explains how innovations diffuse throughout a social system, and highlights the construct of opinion leadership. School nurses exhibit the characteristics of opinion leaders; therefore, Diffusion of Innovations can be a useful lens for assessing their role in effort...
Boron metasomatism of the Alta stock contact aureole, Utah: Evidence from borates, mineral chemistry, and geochemistry

Geochemical study of the Alta stock and adjacent contact aureole rocks provides information concerning the source, composition, and physical-chemical conditions of infiltrating fluids. Special emphasis was given to boron (B) as a tracer of fluid-rock interactions due to the occurrence of borate minerals (ludwigite, kotoite, and szaibelyite) in skarn deposits around the stock. In addition, thin section alpha-track mapping implies significant B enrichments in fluid-altered minerals within the stock, stockwork veins and related selvages, igneous sills near the stock, contact skarns, and in marbles up to 500 m from the stock. Forsterite, clinohumite, lizardite, and malachite contain between 50 and 1200 ppm B. Diopside, calcite, clintonite, phlogopite, brucite, hedenbergite, tremolite, and other minerals host B to a lesser extent. Aureole B enrichments correlate well with major and other trace-element enrichments, and support existing models of element transport in magmatic fluids with lateral down-temperature flow. Large variations in mineral B concentrations reflect changes in B concentrations of these fluids through time. Mass-balance calculations indicate that magmatic fluids emanating from the Alta pluton could supply most B in the Alta aureole. It is estimated that the emplaced magma had an initial B concentration between 7‐10 ppm; indicated exhalative losses of B from the pluton are on the order of 50%. We estimate that the exsolved fluids had a time‐integrated B concentration of 160 ± 40 ppm, although much higher concentrations may have attended local borate mineralization.
Gauging the feasibility of a downhole energy harvesting system through a proof-of-concept study

Hydrocarbon well operators deploy downhole reservoir monitoring equipment in order to optimize the rate at which hydrocarbons are extracted. Alternative power sources are sought that could be deployed in these harsh environments to replace or supplement standard power sources currently in use. To this end, a three phase proof-of-concept study was performed to gauge the feasibility of such a device. In the first phase a parametric study was performed to understand how high uncertainty variables affect the natural frequency of a producing hydrocarbon well. In a follow up study, the relationship between boundary conditions and system damping was investigated. In the second phase a structural housing was designed to satisfy American Petroleum Institute load cases. Using finite element models and standard tube/casing geometries, design pressures were iterated until a permissible housing design was achieved. This preliminary design provided estimates of the radial width and volume in which energy harvesting and storage elements may be situated. In the last phase a software program was developed to estimate the energy that might be harvested from user specified harvester configurations. The program is dependent on user input production tube accelerations; this permits well operators to use well-specific vibrational data as inputs to generate well-specific energy output estimates. Results indicate that a downhole energy harvesting tool is structurally feasible under reasonable operating conditions but no conclusions can be made as to the sufficiency of generated power as no in-situ acceleration time histories are available. Future work is discussed. Approved for publication, LA-UR-16-21193.
If you are not counted, you don't count: Estimating the number of African-American Men who have Sex with Men in San Francisco.

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2015, Vol. 44, Supplement 1 i39 Risky Behaviors: Free Papers Abstract #: 2474 If you are not counted, you don’t count: Estimating the number of African-American Men who have Sex with Men in San Francisco. P. D. Wesson, BA 1 , M. S. Handcock, PhD 2 , W. McFarland, PhD 3,4 and H. F. Raymond, DrPH 3,4 University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2 University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 3 University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, 4 San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA Downloaded from http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on October 25, 2016 INTRODUCTION: The HIV epidemic has disproportionately affected African-American (AA) men who have sex with men (MSM). Resource allocation for programs targeting key populations such as AA MSM require reliable estimates of their numbers. Current population size estimation (PSE) methods rely on assump- tions that are difficult to meet, potentially producing large biases. METHODS: We applied a new method to estimate the number of AA MSM in San Francisco (SF) using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey. The approach uses respondents’ self-reported network size (i.e. the number of other AA MSM known to them in SF), along with a specification of the prior knowledge about the population size, to model the total size of the target population based on their proba- bility of recruitment. A Bayesian approach is used to quantify the amount of information on population size available in the survey. The plausibility of the resulting estimate was corroborated against an inde- pendent estimate of all MSM in SF and HIV case reporting data. RESULTS: 259 AA MSM were recruited in the RDS survey. The method calculated a median of 6,230 AA MSM living in SF (95% CI 1,984–35,545). The prevalence of diagnosed HIV in the survey (17.3%) projects 1,078 known HIV cases among AA MSM, compa- rable to the 1,170 actually reported to city’s surveillance system. A previous independent survey estimating 66,487 total MSM in SF, 6.1% AA, estimates 4055 AA MSM. CONCLUSIONS: The new method produced a robust, plausible, and consistent population size estimate for AA MSM. Given that RDS surveys are frequently done in many hidden populations world- wide, the method provides a simple, appealing tool to rapidly pro- duce estimates of the size of high risk populations – a fundamental public health measure that has been scarce for much of the HIV epi- demic. It is a useful complement to existing methods, especially when only RDS data are available.
The Second Voyage

Struys’s second journey in Reysen sees him traverse Italy and the eastern Mediterrean between December 1655 and December 1657.1Reysen states how Struys departed for Italy in late 1655 after a four-year hiatus ashore about which it is otherwise silent.2 The book had no reason to bore the reader with the rather mundane (and possibly illicit, see below) work as a sailmaker in Amsterdam. Contemporary Dutch and Western European readers were uninterested in the daily lives of society’s underclass, the rabble (Jan Hagel, grauw), unless depicted in a stylized form.3
Good Samaritan Ethics for Doctors Watching Edutainment.

Wardrope and Reuber (2016) helpfully discuss ethical obligations arising from a clinician's observation of the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of a serious medical condition while viewing a televisi...
Nanophotonics for integrated information systems

It is evident that nanophotonics and metamaterials are important technologies for future information processing systems. The research exploiting near field optical phenomena will be key in achieving new functionalities in materials properties (birefringence, dispersion, nonlinearities, gain) as well as unique device functionalities such as adaptation, generation, modulation, transport and detection of light. This work was supported by the NSF, DARPA, and the NSF CIAN ERC.
An analysis of error in surface current mapping by an along-track interferometric FMCW SAR

Differences between surface velocity estimates from dual-beam along-track interferometric (ATI) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and drift rate measurements by surface current drifters are presented for a tidally-driven river mouth. Using hydrodynamic and scattering models, we analyze the contributions from various sources in order to explain the observed differences. We find that the differences are largely explained by bias in the mean Doppler shift due to gravity waves. This work has relevance to improving the accuracy of implementing dual-beam ATI SAR for surface current measurements.
Screening of living organ donors for endemic infections: Understanding the challenges and benefits of enhanced screening.

Living organ donor candidates are screened for medical and psychosocial contraindications to donation. One important goal of this process is to prevent donor-derived infectious diseases transmissions. These transmissions are exceptionally rare, but have the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network now requires each recovery hospital to develop a protocol for evaluating living donors for tuberculosis and other geographically-defined endemic pathogens, including Trypanosoma cruzi (the causative pathogen of Chagas’ disease), Strongyloides stercoralis, and West Nile Virus (WNV), in addition to universal screening for blood-borne pathogens. Enhanced screening requirements were developed in response to the changing epidemiology and endemicity of these diseases, as well as recent case reports of donor-derived disease transmission. Living organ donor disease screening presents a number of unique challenges to clinicians and policy-makers, including deciding which donors to test, which testing modality to use, when to test, and appropriate interpretation of results. This review will analyze the epidemiology of T. cruzi, S. stercoralis, and WNV, the assays available for screening for these diseases, and the subsequent impact on the living organ donor process . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Heart Failure Incidence and Mortality in the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background—There is a paucity of data on heart failure (HF) incidence among low-income and minority populations. Our objective was to investigate HF incidence and post-HF survival by race and sex a...
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency in a girl with 48, XXXX and Rathke's cleft cyst.

Tetrasomy X is a rare chromosomal aneuploidy seen in girls, associated with facial dysmorphism, premature ovarian insufficiency and intellectual disability. A Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) is a remnant of Rathke’s pouch which may cause multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies by exerting pressure on the pituitary gland in the sella. The patient was diagnosed with tetrasomy X by karyotyping during infancy. Brain MRI and multiple endocrine stimulation tests revealed RCC and combined pituitary hormone deficiency (growth hormone deficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency and central hypothyroidism) likely due to RCC. We report the first case in the literature of a girl with 48, XXXX and combined pituitary hormone deficiency due to Rathke’s cyst.
Automotive Sensor Development: Success Guaranteed?

At present the automotive industry is confronted with significant production overcapacity, causing a severe competitive battle between the car manufacturers. Automotive manufacturers try to reinforce their market position by offering increased functionality for less money. Cost reductions are being targeted by cooperation with other automotive manufacturers and by implementation of a platform strategy, which enables an increased uniformity of systems applied on different cars build on the same platform. The logical consequence is that newly developed systems will ramp up faster in production volume, resulting in reduced system costs and faster return on investments. The drive for cost reductions might seem to limit the room for creative R&D in this area. However, more functionality of systems for safety, tail pipe emissions reduction and comfort is one of the major selling arguments of passenger cars nowadays, creating a healthy environment for innovative R&D initiatives.
Managing the Complex Patient with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: How to Handle the Aging Spine, the Obese Patient, and Individuals with Medical Comorbidities

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of nontraumatic spinal cord injury worldwide. Even relatively mild impairment in functional scores can significantly impact daily activities. Surgery is an effective treatment for DCM, but outcomes are dependent on more than technique and preoperative neurologic deficits.
Ideal Starting Point and Trajectory of a Screw for the Dorsal Approach to Scaphoid Fractures.

Purpose To determine the screw starting point and trajectory for the dorsal approach to scaphoid fractures that provides a combination of length and compression at the fracture site. Methods Computed tomography scans were obtained of 10 scaphoid fractures for 3 common fracture types. A computerized model was generated for each scaphoid. Screw starting point, length, and angle to the fracture plane were analyzed for starting points and trajectories within a safe zone that protected against cortical penetration. A novel analysis was developed to assess a combination of screw length and angle to fracture plane, termed "effective compression length" (ECL). ECL assessed the screw working distance perpendicular to the fracture. Results were analyzed to determine optimal screw starting point and trajectory. Results For proximal pole fractures, a screw perpendicular to the fracture was 9.7 mm from the longitudinal axis starting point (LASP). The screw with the largest ECL was 6.8 mm from the LASP, crossing the fracture at a 67° obliquity. For waist fractures, a perpendicular screw was 7.8 mm from the LASP. The screw with the largest ECL was 6.0 mm away, crossing the fracture at 74°. For distal oblique fractures, a perpendicular screw was 10.2 mm from the LASP. The screw with the largest ECL was 6.4 mm away, crossing the fracture at 70°. A screw with the classic starting point and trajectory crossed the fracture at obliquities of 48°, 51°, and 45° for proximal, waist, and distal fractures, respectively. Conclusions Scaphoid screws placed with the classic starting point and trajectory cross the fracture at an obliquity. By altering the screw starting point and trajectory, screws with adequate length will be more perpendicular to the fracture plane. Clinical relevance Screw starting point and trajectory for scaphoid fractures may be altered based on fracture type to obtain a long screw that is closer to perpendicular to the fracture.
'We can go anywhere': Understanding Independence through a Case Study of Ride-hailing Use by People with Visual Impairments in metropolitan India

Ride-hailing services have received attention as part of the growing work around the sharing economy, but the focus of these studies has largely been on drivers. In this paper, we examine how ride-hailing is transforming the transportation practices of one group of passengers - people with visual impairments in metropolitan India. Through a qualitative study consisting of interviews and observations, we examined the use and impact of these services on our target population, who otherwise contend with chaotic, unreliable, and largely inaccessible modes of transportation. We found that ride-hailing services positively affects participants' notions of independence, and we tease out how independence for our participants is not just about 'doing things alone, without help' but is also situated, social and relative. Furthermore, we show how accessibility, in the case of ride-hailing in India, is a socio-technical and collaborative achievement, involving interactions between the passenger, the driver, and the technology.
Multi-scale synthesis of historical fire regimes along the south-central US prairie–forest border

Along the prairie–forest border in the south-central USA exists one of the most extensive areas of uncut forest in the nation (>323 750 hectares), providing unique potential for developing multi-century records of environmental changes through dendrochronological analyses. Twentieth century changes in vegetation, increased prescribed fire management, and recent years of elevated wildfire activity have increased interest in understanding the region’s long-term fire regime characteristics. To address this need, we analyzed and compared fire intervals, seasonality, severity, and extent based on fire-scar history datasets from three new and ten existing study sites. At the study sites, mean fire intervals ranged from 3 to 10 years prior to Euro-American settlement and generally became more frequent after. The majority of fires occurred in the dormant season and resulted in low percentages of trees scarred. Coinciding with Euro-American settlement (EAS), fire frequencies appear to have varied by geography. At the regional scale, fire regimes have trended towards decreased fire severity and slightly decreased fire intervals over the past 300 years. Further, fires appear to have increased in extent from circa 1770 to the mid to late 1800s, after which it began to decline, circa 1920. Although frequent, descriptions of fire regimes since the eighteenth century should be characterized as time-dependent and spatially variable, likely depending on local socio-ecological influences. Similar influences may explain fire frequency increases following EAS, while fire severity trended lower.
Comparing the Lifestyle Interventions for Prediabetes: An Integrated Microsimulation and Population Simulation Model.

We developed a model to compare the impacts of different lifestyle interventions among prediabetes individuals and to identify the optimal age groups for such interventions. A stochastic simulation was developed to replicate the prediabetes and diabetes trends (1997–2010) in the U.S. adult population. We then simulated the population-wide impacts of three lifestyle diabetes prevention programs, i.e., the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), DPP-YMCA, and the Healthy Living Partnerships to Prevent Diabetes (HELP-PD), over a course of 10, 15 and 30 years. Our model replicated the temporal trends of diabetes in the U.S. adult population. Compared to no intervention, the diabetes incidence declined 0.3 per 1,000 by DPP, 0.2 by DPP-YMCA, and 0.4 by HELP-PD over the 15-year period. Our simulations identified HELP-PD as the most cost-effective intervention, which achieved the highest 10-year savings of $38 billion for those aged 25–65, assuming all eligible individuals participate in the intervention and considering intervention achievement rates. Our model simulates the diabetes trends in the U.S. population based on individual-level longitudinal data. However, it may be used to identify the optimal intervention for different subgroups in defined populations.
Infrasound from giant bubbles during explosive submarine eruptions

Shallow submarine volcanoes pose unique scientific and monitoring challenges. The interaction between water and magma can create violent explosions just below the surface, but the inaccessibility of submerged volcanoes means they are typically not instrumented. This both increases the risk to marine and aviation traffic and leaves the underlying eruption physics poorly understood. Here we use low-frequency sound in the atmosphere (infrasound) to examine the source mechanics of shallow submarine explosions from Bogoslof volcano, Alaska. We show that the infrasound originates from the oscillation and rupture of magmatic gas bubbles that initially formed from submerged vents, but that grew and burst above sea level. We model the low-frequency signals as overpressurized gas bubbles that grow near the water–air interface, which require bubble radii of 50–220 m. Bubbles of this size and larger have been described in explosive subaqueous eruptions for more than a century, but we present a unique geophysical record of this phenomenon. We propose that the dominant role of seawater during the effusion of gas-rich magma into shallow water is to repeatedly produce a gas-tight seal near the vent. This resealing mechanism leads to sequences of violent explosions and the release of large, bubble-forming volumes of gas—activity we describe as hydrovulcanian. During the submarine eruption of gas-rich magma into shallow water, a gas-tight seal forms, breaks and reseals, a process that results in violent explosions and the release of large gas bubbles, suggest low-frequency sound data from Bogoslof volcano, Alaska.
DETERMINANTS OF GENERAL WELL-BEING IN BLACK MALES WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Innovation in Aging following peer review. The version of record Atakere D. (2019). DETERMINANTS OF GENERAL WELL-BEING IN BLACK MALES WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS. Innovation in Aging, 3(Suppl 1), S394. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1451 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1451. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
High-frequency backscattering enhancements from elastic cylindrical shells in water: Observations and ray theory

Sometimes elastic features for acoustically illuminated targets in water are relegated primarily to low frequency bands. For empty spherical shells however, a pronounced high-frequency backscattering elastic-enhancement was observed and modeled using ray-theory [G. Kaduchak, D. H. Hughes, and P. L. Marston, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3704–3714 (1994)]. That phenomenon was termed a backwards wave enhancement because the wave phase and group velocities guided on the shell move in opposite directions and required a modified ray diagram. In the present research, this type of backscattering enhancement is demonstrated and modeled for empty cylindrical elastic shells in water. While the full ray-theory requires solving for complex roots descriptive of elastic waves on fluid-loaded shells, it was found helpful to first consider the properties of ordinary Lamb waves on plates whose thickness was selected to be that of the shell of interest. A search for different roots of Lamb’s Equation confirms that a root exists that exhibits opposing phase and group velocities in the frequency region of interest. As expected from the model, the associated backscattering enhancements are localized in frequency though they can be easily identified using tone bursts. [Work supported by Office of Naval Research.]Sometimes elastic features for acoustically illuminated targets in water are relegated primarily to low frequency bands. For empty spherical shells however, a pronounced high-frequency backscattering elastic-enhancement was observed and modeled using ray-theory [G. Kaduchak, D. H. Hughes, and P. L. Marston, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3704–3714 (1994)]. That phenomenon was termed a backwards wave enhancement because the wave phase and group velocities guided on the shell move in opposite directions and required a modified ray diagram. In the present research, this type of backscattering enhancement is demonstrated and modeled for empty cylindrical elastic shells in water. While the full ray-theory requires solving for complex roots descriptive of elastic waves on fluid-loaded shells, it was found helpful to first consider the properties of ordinary Lamb waves on plates whose thickness was selected to be that of the shell of interest. A search for different roots of Lamb’s Equation confirms that a root exists ...
Modeling acoustic resonators using higher-order equivalent circuits

Helmholtz resonators are widely used, but classical models for the resonators, such as the lumped-element equivalent circuit, are inaccurate for most geometries. This article presents higher-order equivalent circuits for describing the resonators based on the one-dimensional wave equation. Impedance expressions are also derived. These circuits and expressions are given for various constituent resonator components, which may be combined to model resonators with curved, tapered, and straight necks. Resonance frequency predictions using this theory are demonstrated on two realistic resonators. The higher-order predictions are also applied to the theory of side branch attenuators in a duct and the theory of resonator coupling with a mode of an enclosure.
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Effects of changes in heart rate on the severity of obstruction to left ventricular outflow

Abstract Striking variations in the severity of obstruction may be induced by physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Since ventricular volume is reduced and myocardial contractility improved when heart rate increases, the possibility was considered that tachycardia might alter the obstruction to left ventricular outflow in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Accordingly, effects of increasing heart rate with atropine were determined in 9 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and compared to the responses in 6 patients with discrete forms of obstruction. In idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, increases in heart rate averaging 31 beats/min. intensified the severity of obstruction; the outflow pressure gradient always rose (average = +20 mm. Hg) while stroke volume fell (average = −9 ml./beat). In contrast, in patients with discrete valvular, supra- or subvalvular stenosis, increases in cardiac rate reduced the systolic pressure gradient across the obstruction (average = −14 mm. Hg); no change in the calculated outflow orifice occurred. It is suggested that in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis an elevation of heart rate is accompanied by reduction of the left ventricular end-systolic volume, thereby resulting in attenuation of the size of the intraventricular outflow orifice and intensification of obstruction to left ventricular ejection. However, in patients with fixed stenosis, an increase in rate prolongs total ejection time per minute, thereby providing greater time for flow across the valve, and in this manner decreases the pressure gradient across the obstruction. It is concluded that an increase in heart rate tends to exaggerate circulatory abnormalities in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and provides a simple and useful diagnostic test for differentiation of the dynamic and fixed forms of obstruction to left ventricular outflow.
Chapter 4 – Macroalgae Systematics

Macroalgal seaweeds primarily occur in two kingdoms, the Plantae and Chromista. The phylum Charophyta, in the kingdom Plantae, has about 4400 species that are primarily freshwater taxa. The class Charophyceae within the Charophyta contains about 700 species with only a few species occurring in estuarine habitats. Of the 6000 species in the phylum Chlorophyta in the kingdom Plantae, about 10% are marine and mostly placed in the class Ulvophyceae (c. 700 species) and order Ulvales. The brown algae are in the kingdom Chromista, phylum Ochrophyta, and class Phaeophyceae and have about 2040 species of which all but 10 genera occur in marine habitats. Large brown macroalgae or seaweeds can be found in about half of the 21 orders, but they are most common in the Desmarestiales, Dictyotales, Ectocarpales, Fucales, and Laminariales. The phylum Rhodophyta, also in the kingdom Plantae, has about 7100 species that are placed in three subphyla of which the Eurhodophytina is the largest with about 6900 species. Only about 3% of the taxa (c. 150 species) occur in freshwater habitats. The subphyla contain two classes, the Bangiophyceae (198 species) and Florideophyceae (c. 6700 species), which has most of the larger red macroalgae.
Compact Design of on-Chip Elman Optical Recurrent Neural Network

We propose an on-chip optical Elman recurrent neuron network (RNN) architecture for high-speed sequence processing using Mach-Zehnder interferometers and looped waveguides. The proposed design paves way for future integrated-photonics-based artificial intelligence hardware design.
Abstract 14912: Sotalol-induced Wide Complex Rhythm: What is the Mechanism?

Introduction: Delta waves associated with atrioventricular accessory pathways (APs) may manifest with autonomic tone, heart rate, and rhythm changes. Rarely, drugs like sotalol can block AV nodal c...