cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polypeptide-Specific Antibody Response to Human Cytomegalovirus After Infection in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection continues to be the most important infection occurring after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Although T cell-specific antiviral immunity appears to be necessary for control of the infection, the humoral immune reaction also contributes to a complete immune response. In this paper we report our findings concerning the antibody response to the individual polypeptides of HCMV in patients who had undergone BMT and subsequently had displayed evidence of HCMV infection. Sera obtained from the subjects during and after HCMV viremia were studied by using both a radioimmunoprecipitation assay and an immunoblot assay, and the results were compared with the pattern of antibody response in normal individuals. The results show that the BMT patient can make antibodies to individual proteins of HCMV in a pattern similar to that displayed by persons with natural infection. The polypeptide-specific antibody response present most frequently was directed to proteins of 64 kDa, 50 kDa, and 36 kDa. Some BMT recipients also produced antibody to a wide range of HCMV proteins: 183 kDa, 155 kDa, 130 kDa, 110 kDa, 92 kDa, 86 kDa, 74 kDa, 71 kDa, 69 kDa, 39-44 kDa, 33 kDa, and 29 kDa.
Intersection homology with general perversities

We study intersection homology with general perversities that assign integers to stratum components with none of the classical constraints of Goresky and MacPherson. We extend Goresky and MacPherson’s axiomatic treatment of Deligne sheaves, and use these to obtain Poincare and Lefschetz duality results for these general perversities. We also produce versions of both the sheaf-theoretic and the piecewise linear chain-theoretic intersection pairings that carry no restrictions on the input perversities.
Differential neuronal loss following early postnatal alcohol exposure

Neonatal rats were exposed to 6.6 g/kg of alcohol each day between postnatal days 4 and 10 while artificial-rearing procedures were used, in a manner which produced high peak and low trough blood alcohol concentrations each day. Gastrostomy controls were reared artificially with maltose/dextrin isocalorically substituted for alcohol in the milk formula, and suckle controls were reared normally by dams. The pups were sacrificed on day 10 and tissue sections (2 microns thick) were obtained in the sagittal plane through the cerebellum and in the horizontal plane through the hippocampal formation. Overall area measures were obtained for the hippocampus proper, area dentata, and cerebellum, along with areas of the cell layers of these regions. In the hippocampal formation, cell counts were made of the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus proper, the multiple cell types of the hilus, and the granule cells of the area dentata. In the cerebellum, cell counts of Purkinje cells, granule cells of the granular layer, granule cells of the external granular layer, and mitotic cells of the external granular layer were obtained from lobules I, V, VII, VIII, and IX. Alcohol selectively reduced areas and neuronal numbers in the cerebellum but had no significant effects on neuronal numbers in the hippocampal formation. Purkinje cells exhibited the greatest percent reductions, and cerebellar granule cells were significantly reduced in the granular layer but not in the external granular layer. All lobules showed these effects, but lobule I was significantly more affected than the other four lobules that were analyzed. The results demonstrate the differential vulnerability of selected neuronal populations to the developmental toxicity of alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt.
Ineffectiveness of pyridoxine in evalution and treatment of the hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome

Abstract Pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B 6 ) has been proposed as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for patients with amenorrhea and galactorrhea associated with elevated serum prolactin levels. Therefore five normal premenopausal women and nine consecutive patients with amenorrhea, but with no other evidence of pituitary tumor, were given 200 to 300 mg of pyridoxine IV. Mean serum prolactin and growth hormone concentrations did not change significantly from baseline following the infusion in either group. Eight of the nine amenorrhea patients had elevated serum prolactin levels and were treated with oral PDX for 91.0 ± 10.1 (S.E.) days, including 42.0 ± 8.2 days at a maximum dosage of 600 mg. per day in divided doses. Mean serum prolactin concentrations of the eight patients at completion of therapy (82.6 ± 19.1 ng. per milliliter) did not differ significantly from the pretreatment value (69.1 ± 18.4 ng. per milliliter). No subject acquired normal prolactin levels, and in two patients the serum prolactin levels increased during treatment. Galactorrhea diminished very slightly in three of the seven lactating patients but was unchanged in the remainder. Amenorrhea persisted throughout pyridoxine treatment in all eight patients. While receiving 600 mg. per day, three patients complained of headaches, lethargy, and lightheadedness which subsequently resolved when the PDX was discontinued. Thus, pryidoxine does not appear to be a useful agent for evaluation or treatment of the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome.
Method for prolonged ambulatory monitoring of high-amplitude propagated contractions from colon

This study monitored high-amplitude propagated contractions (HAPCs) in ambulating subjects over a 24-h period using a new ambulatory recording system. Twelve healthy volunteers aged 34 +/- 5.96 yr participated. Approximately 12 h after a Colyte bowel prep, a small catheter (OD less than 3 mm), containing three solid-state pressure transducers spaced 5 cm apart, was positioned by flexible sigmoidoscope at 40-50 cm from the anal verge. A battery-operated data recorder sampled the pressure at each port at 1 Hz and stored the values on all ports if any port exceeded 75 mmHg. At the conclusion of the 24-h period, an X-ray was taken to confirm the location of the catheter. Fifty-four percent of all HAPCs preceded a bowel movement by less than or equal to 1 h. Forty-nine percent of all HAPCs occurred within 1 h after a high-fat meal, and 33% occurred within 1 h of morning awakening. Reverse propagated waves, not previously described in the colon, were observed in three individuals. Spontaneous high-amplitude caudally propagated contractions occur 6.9 +/- 1.5 times/24 h in the sigmoid colon in ambulating asymptomatic individuals and are temporally related to defecation and meals. Peristaltic activity is decreased during sleep. This recording technique was reliable and well tolerated in all participants.
Stimulation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell ACE by dexamethasone: involvement of steroid receptors

After exposure of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture to 1 microM dexamethasone for 24–48 h, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity of these cells was elevated severalfold. T...
Pharmcodynamic endpoints of toxicity following oral metronomic dosing of CPT-11 with ZD1839 or ZD6474 in mice

C150 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are attractive targets for sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy, however, therapeutics against EGFR and VEGFR have marginal antitumor activity when used alone. Co-administration of ZD1839 (gefitinib), an EGFR inhibitor, with CPT-11 (irinotecan), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, has shown reasonable antitumor activity against colon and lung tumors but at doses near the maximum tolerated dose, resulting in severe side effects including diarrhea and neutropenia. CPT-11 is a substrate for the multidrug resistant transporter protein ABCG2, which can lead to resistance. As ZD1839 is also a substrate for ABCG2, it has been proposed that the side effects observed following ZD1839 plus CPT-11 are the result of ZD1839 altering efflux of CPT-11 in intestinal cells leading to increased levels in the gut. Lower doses given more frequently (metronomic dosing) may reduce side effects while retaining therapeutic effectiveness. ZD6474 (vandetanib) is a novel small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and EGFR, but does not alter CPT-11 pharmacokinetics in mice and thus appears to not interact with ABCG2. The aim of this study was to determine whether oral metronomic dosing of CPT-11 with ZD6474 or ZD1839 results in enhanced CPT-11 induced toxicity. Non-tumor bearing mice were administered CPT-11 at three dose levels (20, 40 or 60 mg/kg) alone or in combination with ZD1839 or ZD6474 (each at 25 mg/kg) p.o. qD x 4 days x 2 cycles. Significant weight loss (P
Consumers Quality Evaluation Process

A conceptual definition of quality for marketers of consumer products is offered along with a theoretical model of the quality perception process. Application examples are provided and future research needs are outlined.
Sparse Filtering

Unsupervised feature learning has been shown to be effective at learning representations that perform well on image, video and audio classification. However, many existing feature learning algorithms are hard to use and require extensive hyperparameter tuning. In this work, we present sparse filtering, a simple new algorithm which is efficient and only has one hyperparameter, the number of features to learn. In contrast to most other feature learning methods, sparse filtering does not explicitly attempt to construct a model of the data distribution. Instead, it optimizes a simple cost function – the sparsity of l2-normalized features – which can easily be implemented in a few lines of MATLAB code. Sparse filtering scales gracefully to handle high-dimensional inputs, and can also be used to learn meaningful features in additional layers with greedy layer-wise stacking. We evaluate sparse filtering on natural images, object classification (STL-10), and phone classification (TIMET), and show that our method works well on a range of different modalities.
Effects of vasopressin on carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocytes from dehydrated rats.

AbstractHepatocytes isolated from rats deprived of water for 48 hr (dehydrated) were compared with hepatocytes from control rats with respect to four effects of vasopressin: the inhibition of glucose-promoted glycogen synthesis; the stimulation of glycogenolysis in the absence of exogenous glucose; glucose production; and pyruvate decarboxylation. Vasopressin (ADH) prevented net glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes from both control and dehydrated rats. The inhibitory effect of ADH on hepatocyte glycogen synthesis disappeared within 45 min of washing the cells with hormone-free medium. Vasopressin stimulated glycogenolysis by 60% and glucose output by 80% in hepatocytes from either control or dehydrated rats. In 24-hr-fasted rats, prior dehydration had no effect on either basal or ADH-stimulated glucose production or pyruvate decarboxylation. Thus no evidence was found that water deprivation and the associated prolonged exposure to elevated plasma ADH led to adaptive changes in carbohydrate metabolism or in ...
Land Value Taxation and Local Economic Development : Results of a Simulation Study

The author suggests, based on simulation studies of two small cities in New Hampshire, that adopting a land value tax could have a positive economic impact. A revenue neutral shift in tax receipts from capital improvements to site values could have positive economic impacts, both immediately and in the long run, the author says.
The Failure of Spanish Florida

Hispanic Florida was characterized by one truth: it was a failure, from whatever angle you look at its history. Spain's efforts in Florida were unsuccessful. She pursued a policy of bankruptcy with regard to that land. In 1763 she readily turned Florida over to the English to get back Havana. Today's Cuban capital was worth the whole of Florida. When she came back in 1783 new ideas could not stem the tide of failure of Spain's first period and a half century later she again gave up Florida, this time to the United States.
Comparison of Two Synergic Screening Assays in Detection of Metallo-beta-lactamase

Objective To compare the antibiotic sensitivities of two methods, in which EDTA and 2-mercaptoethanol were used as enzyme inhibitors for detecting and screening metallo-beta-lactamase, and to provide the evidence for studying the drug resistant mechanism. Methods EDTA and 2-mercaptoethanol were served as the enzyme inhibitors and the substrates were ceftazidime, cefotaxime and imipenem. The microbiological sensitivity synergic tests were processed by KB method in the MH agar. Results Among the 68 strains of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, the positive strains detected by EDTA method accounted for 57.4% (39/68), those detected by 2-mercaptoethanol method accounted for 77.9% (53/68), and those synchronously detected by the two methods accounted for 92.6% (63/68). Conclusions The results suggest that no statistically significant difference is found in the positive detection rate between the two methods (χ2=3.12, P0.05). EDTA and 2-mercaptoethanol synchronously served as the enzyme inhibitors can increase the positive rate of metallo-beta-lactamase detection.
Analysis on Influence Mechanism of Hindsight Bias on Diagnosis and Treatment Behavior of Doctors

From the perspective of behavior economics,the paper reviews the theory of hindsight bias,describes the phenomenon of hindsight bias in medical malpractice liability identification. Medical malpractice cost function is used as a tool to analyze the influence of hindsight bias on diagnosis and treatment behavior of doctors,including that doctors will conduct excessive preventive service for medical malpractice to minimize their private costs,and there is a positive correlation between the level of excessive prevention and the degree of hindsight bias.
Lack of effect of rheumatoid arthritis on clonixin metabolism.

The effect of rheumatoid arthritis on the metabolism of the analgesic, 2-(3-chloro-o-toluidino) nicotinic acid (clonixin), was evaluated in 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 12 matched healthy control subjects. Males, age-matched by decades, had no renal, gastrointestinal, or hepatic disease, and took no drugs during the study. Lower (p 0.5). Mean peak concentration developed at 1.7 hr and was 40.0 ± 2.6 μg/ml for patients and 46.1 ± 3.1 μg/ml for control subjects. Thus a single oral dose of clonixin results in comparable blood levels in male patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and in healthy control subjects.
A Didactic Introduction to Risk Management via Hedging in Discrete and Continuous Time

The following is based on a series of lectures which the author presented at a graduate training workshop in April 2013, organized by the Ecole nationale des sciences appliquees of the Universite Cadi Ayyad in Marrakech, Morocco, and partially financed by the CIMPA (International Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics). The author expresses his gratitude to the CIMPA and the main organizers Profs. M’hamed Eddahbi, Khalifa Es-sebaiy, Youssef Ouknine, and Josep Vives, for their work, support, and hospitality. The style of these notes is deliberately informal and didactic, with no formal development of a full mathematical theory. The intended audience includes finishing undergraduate students (3 years of college) and first year graduate students (4 years of college), with some basic background in calculus, linear algebra, differential equations, and probability. No prior knowledge of investment finance or actuarial science is required. No references are provided in the text. An excellent further treatment of many of the topics listed herein can be found in a book currently recommended by the Society of Actuaries for its treatment of “Financial Economics”: Robert L. McDonald: Derivatives Markets (3rd Edition, 2012), Pearson Series in Finance.
Optimal in-network packet aggregation policy for maximum information freshness

The Internet of Things is emerging as more wireless sensor networks get deployed every day, pushing decision making and processing towards the edge onto more constrained devices. In these constrained networks, using a single packet to transmit small sensed data is an inefficient use of both bandwidth and energy. Aggregating multiple measurements and packets into a single packet increases efficiency and resource utilization, but it also introduces the problem of deciding when to transmit aggregated data. In this work, we show theoretically that the classical performance metrics of energy consumption and expiration rate create a balanced tradeoff, where their combined metric of energy consumption per non-expired measurement is a constant, independent of policy selection. We introduce a new metric, information freshness, and derive an optimal policy to maximize it under both single hop and multi-hop cases. We provide a distributed algorithm to implement our optimal policy. Our case studies show that our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art policies by more than 3.3x for information freshness and reduces energy consumption by more than 62%.
Surface Effects on p-n Junctions

The greatly improved understanding of thermally oxidized silicon surfaces has led to a much clearer picture of the effects of the surface on the characteristics of p-n junctions. This paper reviews recent work in this area. The effect of surface fields on the current-voltage characteristics of p-n junctions and junction transistors is considered. It is shown that changes in these characteristics can be due to: (i) recombination-generation at the oxide-silicon interface; (ii) breakdown -- avalanche or Zener -- of the junction between inversion layer and the interior of the semiconductor induced by the incident surface fields; and (iii) modulation of the breakdown voltage of the metallurgical junction. The implications of these phenomena on the reliability of junction devices is discussed.
Die Libysche Wüste und ihre Oasen

Die Libysche Wuste bildet im Kontrast zu ihrem ostlichen Pendant eine absteigende Folge von Beckenlandschaften, bis hinab zur Kattarasenke 133 m unter dem Spiegel des nahen Mittelmeers. Die in die Depressionsbecken eingestreuten Oasengruppen, heute zwar immer noch entlegene aber fur den Wustentourismus gut erreichbare und wasserbaulich entwickelte Landwirtschaftsflachen, waren noch gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts nur durch Kamelkarawanen erreichbare grune Flecken, die in seit alter Zeit kaum gewandelter Selbstversorgungswirtschaft verharrten. Vor allem die Berichte der vom Bremer Saharaforscher Gerhard Rohlfs 1873-74 geleiteten Expedition zeichnen ein anschauliches Bild einer zeitgenossischen Wustenexpedition. Obwohl seit pharonischer Zeit die bedeutendste agyptische Wustenoase, war auch das nur 300 km sudlich der Mittelmeerkuste gelegene Siwa noch um 1900 nur beschwerlich zu erreichen und die althergebrachte Klanstruktur gerade erst unter einen diplomatisch lavierenden Agenten der Zentralverwaltung in Kairo gestellt.
Mucosal Sparing Radiation Therapy in Resected Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Purpose:To report the outcomes of patients with favorable risk oropharyngeal cancer that underwent adjuvant radiation therapy with omission of the primary site from the clinical target volume (CTV)...
Pharmacologic inhibition of MEK1/2 reduces lung inflammation without impairing bacterial clearance in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia

This study was designed to test the therapeutic potential of a MEK1/2 inhibitor (MEKi) in an experimental model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. The study found that treatment with MEKi reduced alveolar neutrophilic inflammation and led to faster recovery of weight compared to carrier-treated mice, without impairing bacterial clearance. Alveolar macrophages isolated from MEKi-treated mice also had increased M2 gene and protein expression, supporting the concept that MEKi modulates in vivo macrophage inflammatory responses. In summary, this report demonstrates the potential of MEKi to promote the resolution of inflammation in vivo during a primary lung infection without impairing bacterial clearance.
Predictors of Reading Comprehension Among Struggling Readers Who Exhibit Differing Levels of Inattention and Hyperactivity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of inference making, decoding, memory, and vocabulary on reading comprehension among 7th- through 12th-grade struggling readers with varying ...
Five cases of parathyroid lipohyperplasia

Lipoadenoma is the accepted diagnosis of a single enlarged parathyroid gland that contains large quantities of mature fat cells and focal myxoid stroma, all widely separating small parenchymal cell nests in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Here we are reporting, for the first time, on five cases of hyperparathyroidism in which all four parathyroid glands are enlarged and each gland is noted to have an admixture of fat and parenchymal cells. We will introduce the descriptive diagnosis of lipohyperplasia to name this condition and keep it in perspective with other forms of parathyroid disease. All five patients were women between the ages of 36 and 62 years who underwent neck exploration, at which time four enlarged light-tan parathyroid glands were observed. Three and one half gland resections were performed, and all patients returned to a normocalcemic state except one who had borderline serum hypercalcemia after operation. Most of the resected parathyroid glands weighed in the range of 100 to 200 mg. The largest measured gland weighed 820 mg. Parathyroid histology showed an admixture of mature fat cells with parathyroid parenchymal cells often in a 1:1 ratio. One patient who had renal failure exhibited a lower ratio of fat cells. Two patients had chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis that was severe enough to require synthetic thyroid hormone therapy. Two patients had a history of urinary tract infections. Three patients had hypertensive cardiovascular disease, and several patients had arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. One patient had diabetes mellitus, one had a history of pituitary adenoma, and one had polydipsia. All of these patients were first seen with parathyroid glands measuring an average of five times normal size, yet they showed the usual 50% fat/50% parenchyma pattern of normal mature parathyroid glands. This means that the enlarged glands contain a 500% increase in parathyroid tissue, justifying the diagnostic term "lipohyperplasia." This easily represents enough parathyroid tissue to generate excessive parathyroid hormone production. At this time, there is no explanation of the pathogenesis of lipohyperplasia or how it varies from other previously described forms of parathyroid hyperplasia.
Reducing Media-Induced Mass Killings: Lessons From Suicide Prevention

A mass killing is a complex behavior that is the product of a range of variables. Recent research suggests one such variable by showing that when a mass killing occurs there is a heightened chance of another occurring in the near future. This increase in probability has been referred to as contagion and one possible mechanism for contagion may be generalized imitation. Generalized imitation requires the presence of some model to prompt imitation, and we suggest media reporting methods as a prominent model inspiring future mass killings. This article analyzes mass killings as the culmination of a sequence of thoughts and actions that are influenced by environmental events including media reports of mass killings. We then evaluate media reporting guidelines and research related to the prevention of suicide and other imitational behaviors to identify reactive and proactive strategies that could minimize the likelihood of one mass killing inducing another.
Sesquiterpene Lactones: Biogenesis and Biomimetic Transformations

The different skeletal types of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are classified on the basis of their carbocyclic ring skeleton, in which the suffix “olide” is used to indicate the presence of a lactone group. The majority of SLs from higher plants contain α-methylene-γ-lactone functions (1) in which H-7 is, without exception, α-oriented.1–4 Certain liverworts, however, produce SLs of the enantiomeric series.5 In this review the biogenesis of only those common SLs will be considered in which one of the isopropyl methyls of the sesquiterpene ring is oxidized. The major skeletal types of SLs with the generally accepted numbering are outlined in Figure 1. The lactone rings are shown as 12,6-lactonized structures, although many SLs contain 12,8-lactones. The by far largest number of SLs has been isolated from the Asteraceae (Compositae),1–4 but they are also found in other angiosperm families including the Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae,6 Aristolochiaceae, Burseraceae, Bombacaceae, Coriariaceae, Illiciaceae, Magnoliaceae, Menispermaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Polygonaceae and Winteraceae.
A general framework for mining concept-drifting data streams with skewed distributions

In recent years, there have been some interesting studies on predictive modeling in data streams. However, most such studies assume relatively balanced and stable data streams but cannot handle well rather skewed (e.g., few positives but lots of negatives) and stochastic distributions, which are typical in many data stream applications. In this paper, we propose a new approach to mine data streams by estimating reliable posterior probabilities using an ensemble of models to match the distribution over under-samples of negatives and repeated samples of positives. We formally show some interesting and important properties of the proposed framework, e.g., reliability of estimated probabilities on skewed positive class, accuracy of estimated probabilities, efficiency and scalability. Experiments are performed on several synthetic as well as real-world datasets with skewed distributions, and they demonstrate that our framework has substantial advantages over existing approaches in estimation reliability and predication accuracy.
PURIFICATION OF HUMAN AND RAT CYTOCHROMES P-450 AND P-450 REDUCTASE AND THEIR RECONSTITUTION INTO PHOSPHOLIPID VESICLES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses purification of human and rat cytochromes P-450 and P-450 reductase and their reconstitution into phospholipid vesicles. In light of the enormous use of rats in the testing of drugs for toxicity and carcinogenicity, it is especially important to investigate differences between humans and rats in their metabolic routes and in the molecular structure of their cytochromes P-450 and cytochrome P-450 reductases. Several different forms of human and rat cytochromes P-450 have been purified and reconstituted together with the corresponding cytochrome P-450 reductases into phospholipids vesicles. The proteins in these vesicles have a membrane environment similar in structure and function to that in the endoplasmic reticulum. This chapter describes a purification technique for human cytochromes P-450 and cytochrome P-450 reductase, the technique of reconstituting these proteins into phospholipid vesicles.
Initial Application of the Adaptive Grid Air Quality Model

Grid size (or resolution), when inadequate, can be an important source of uncertainty for air quality model (AQM) simulations. Coarse grids used because of computational limitations may artificially diffuse the emissions, leading to significant errors in the concentrations of pollutant species, especially those that are formed via non-linear chemical reactions. Further, coarse grids may result in large numerical errors. To address this issue, multi-scale modeling and grid nesting techniques have been developed (Odman and Russell, 1991; Odman et al., 1997). These techniques use finer grids in areas that are presumed to be of interest (e.g., cities) and coarser grids elsewhere (e.g., rural locations). Limitations include loss in accuracy due to grid interface problems and inability to adjust to dynamic changes in resolution requirements. Adaptive grids are not subject to such limitations and do not require a priori knowledge of where to place finer grids. Using grid clustering or grid enrichment techniques, they automatically allocate fine resolution to areas of interest. They are thus able to capture the physical and chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere much more efficiently than their fixed grid counterparts. The adaptive grid methodology used here is based on the Dynamic Solution Adaptive Grid Algorithm (DSAGA) of Benson and McRae (1991), which was later extended for use in air quality modeling by Srivastava et al. (2000). It employs a structured grid with a constant number of grid nodes. The modeling domain is partitioned into M N × quadrilateral grid cells. The grid nodes are re-positioned in a twodimensional space throughout the simulation according to a weight function which represents the resolution requirements. The areas of the grid cells change due to grid node movements but the connectivity of the grid nodes remains the same. Further, since the number of grid nodes is fixed, refinement of grid scales in some regions is accompanied by coarsening in other regions where the weight function has smaller values. This results
Science Self-Efficacy and Lifelong Learning: Emerging Adults in Science Museums

Recent research suggests that emerging adulthood—the stage between adolescence and maturity marked by a lengthy process of identity development—constitutes a window of opportunity for museums to in...
Progress and Absurdity in Animal Ethics

The development of animal ethics has been characterized by both progress and absurdity. More activity in animal welfare has occurred in the past 50 years than in the previous 500, with large numbers of legislative actions supplanting the lone anti-cruelty laws. Nonetheless, there remains a tendency to confuse animal ethics with human ethics. I found this to be the case when my colleagues and I were drafting federal law requiring control of pain in invasive research. The history of animal ethics vacillates between Descartes’ denial of thought and feeling in animals and British empiricism, including the great skeptic David Hume, who affirmed in no uncertain terms the existence of animal mind. This approach was continued in British empiricism, culminating in the work of Charles Darwin. But despite Darwinian domination of biology and psychology, psychology was captured by denial of mind and consciousness by JB Watson, father of behaviorism. Denial of thought and feeling in animals continued in 20th century science and medicine while society in general became ever more firm in asserting their existence.
Initial studies of the phenotype and persistence of speech motor delay (SMD)

Speech Motor Delay (SMD) is a recently proposed childhood motor speech disorder characterized by imprecise and unstable speech, prosody, and voice that does not meet criteria for either Childhood D...
Constraining a black hole companion for M87* through imaging by the Event Horizon Telescope

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global very long baseline interferometric array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, detected the first image of the M87 supermassive black hole (SMBH). M87 is a giant elliptical galaxy at the center of Virgo cluster, which is expected to have formed through merging of cluster galaxies. Consequently M87* hosted mergers of black holes through dynamical friction and could have one or multiple binary companions with a low mass ratio at large separations. We show that a long-term monitoring of the M87 SMBH image over $\sim$1 year with absolute positional accuracy of 1$\approx\mu as$ could detect such binary companions and exclude a large parameter space in semi major axis ($a_0$) and mass ratio ($q$), which is currently not constrained. Moreover, the presence of the accretion disk around M87* excludes a binary companion with $a_0\approx$ of order a mili parsec, as otherwise the accretion disk would have been tidally disrupted.
Patient-provider communication before and after implementation of the contraceptive decision-support tool My Birth Control

Abstract Objective To compare differences in patient-provider communication among patients who, prior to contraceptive counseling, used or did not use a decision support tool (“My Birth Control”) which has educational and interactive modules and produces a provider printout with the patient’s preferences. Methods As part of a cluster-randomized trial of the tool in four San Francisco safety net clinics, we collected and thematically analyzed 70 audio recordings of counseling visits (31 pre- and 39 post-tool implementation) from 15 providers randomized to the intervention. Results Without the tool, most providers began by asking participants what method they were considering and focused counseling on that method or on directing patients towards long-acting reversible contraception; with the tool, most focused on reviewing and discussing multiple methods of interest to the participant as indicated on the printout. Discussion of patients’ preferences for specific method features was not observed in pre-implementation recordings but was part of several post-implementation recordings. Several participants explicitly noted they had gained knowledge from the tool. Conclusion Observed counseling differences suggest the tool may have a positive impact on patient-centeredness of contraceptive counseling, consistent with findings from the main study. Practice implications My Birth Control shows potential for improving patient-centeredness in counseling without extensive provider training.
Unconventional Tissue Engineering Materials in Disguise

Tissue engineering faces a recurring challenge in the transformation of biomaterials into 3D constructs that mimic the biological, chemical, and mechanical features of native tissues. Some of the conventional approaches can be sophisticated and involve extensive material processing and high-cost fabrication procedures. Despite tremendous strides in biomaterials discovery and characterization, the functional and manufacturing limitations have led to the innovation of novel biomimetic techniques that borrow from nature, human-made commodities, and other parts of life to overcome the challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This review explores engineering strategies that involve unusual materials for improved functionality, scalability, sustainability, and cost-efficiency. The biomaterials discussed are globally accessible resources and can serve across a wide spectrum of biomedical research areas.
Karol Wojtyła’s Philosophy on the Issue of Modernity

Karol Wojtyla’s anthropology is characterised by a synthesis of objectivity and subjectivity, and his combination of aletheic and agapic notions. By accepting the modern anthropological turn, on the one hand, he attempted in his works a synthesis of the classic philosophy of being with the philosophy of awareness, and, on the other, he strived to correct the extreme anthropocentrism of modern thought. The author of the article analysed the relationship between Wojtyla’s concept of awareness and subjectivity with the personalistic style of John Paul II’s ministry of “man as the basic path of the Church.” The other pillar of the analysis is the question about the meaning of human freedom. In Wojtyla’s thought and in the teachings of John Paul II, any discussion of freedom as the basic property of a personal being was combined with a reflection on its ethical dimension.
Privacy in Crowdsourcing: a Review of the Threats and Challenges

Crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) are popular and widely used in both academic and non-academic realms, but privacy threats and challenges in crowdsourcing have not been extensively reviewed. To help push the field forward in important new directions, this paper first reviews the privacy threats in different types of crowdsourcing based on Solove’s taxonomy of privacy and Brabham’s typology of crowdsourcing. Then, the paper explores the privacy challenges associated with the characteristics of crowdsourcing task, platform, requesters, and crowd workers. These privacy challenges are discussed and categorized into both theoretical and practical challenges. Based on the review and discussion, this paper proposes a set of strategies to better understand and address many of the privacy threats and challenges in crowdsourcing. Finally, the paper concludes by suggesting research implications for the future work.
The 1944 Water Treaty and the Incorporation of Environmental Values in U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Water Governance

Abstract The 1944 U.S.-Mexico Water Treaty remains the single most important bilateral agreement on water resources between the two countries. The “Treaty” has not only been durable but has proven to be applicable to environmental challenges not foreseen by its drafters, a function of both its context, treaty design, and recent diplomacy. Its recent extension and further application to binational watershed ecology is affected by its intersection with other binational agreements affecting wildlife and ecological resources and sanitation. This paper examines the application of the 1944 Treaty to the environmental functions of U.S.-Mexico rivers and its relationship with other shared environmental agreements for their potential to strengthen binational environmental management of these transboundary watercourses.
Simulation Studies of Oxygen Ordering in YBa2Cu3O7−δ and Related Systems

Monte Carlo simulation with constant oxygen concentration of a lattice gas model with anisotropic interaction is used to explore the effect of thermal quenching on oxygen ordering in the basal plane of YBa2Cu3O7−δ and related systems. The effect of substituting Ga3+ or Al3+ ions at Cu(l) chain sites on the oxygen ordering is also discussed within the framework of this model.
Parental Relationship Status as a Moderator of the Associations Between Mothers’ and Fathers’ Conflict Behaviors and Early Child Behavior Problems:

This study examines interparental conflict and associations with child behavior problems among a large, diverse sample of families with low income (N = 2,691) using path model analyses of mothers’ ...
Does Legal Education Have Negative Effects on Law Students? Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-Being

The legal profession is reportedly facing significant problems, manifested both in decreasing overall professionalism in the field, and in decreased health and well-being among individual lawyers. Research on law students echoes the findings among practicing lawyers, documenting similar problems of elevated emotional distress and substance abuse. While commentators often propose that legal education may be the common source of some of these problems, there is little empirical research that directly or causally links factors within legal education to the observed symptoms, nor has there been theory-guided research into these questions. In a previous paper Professor Krieger proposed, based largely on the theories of Maslow, that the dominant beliefs and practices in legal education thwart natural human needs for growth, personality integration, and internally-based motivation and values, potentially explaining many of the negatives noted among law students and lawyers. In this study of new law students, we sought to begin identifying possible root causes of the many problems in the legal profession, by investigating whether changes in values or motivation occur during the first three semesters of law school and, if so, whether such changes correlate directly with changes in well-being and life satisfaction. We also examined the relative emotional health and life satisfaction of pre-entry law students, to determine whether law student selection is biased towards those with predispositions to distress and unhappiness. Results generally confirmed the hypotheses concerning negative changes in values, motivation, and well-being. Students began the first year with levels of subjective well-being (SWB) higher than a comparison sample of undergraduates and equal to a sample of new professional nursing students, but by the end of the first year their SWB had plummeted. These changes were correlated with sample-wide increases in external motivation and decreases in intrinsic motivation over the first year, and were also correlated with increases in appearance values and decreases in community service values. Based on previous research, each of these changes would in fact predict decreased happiness and life satisfaction. In addition, students with the most optimal ("intrinsic") motivations attained the highest grades, but ironically, high grades in turn were correlated with shifts in career preferences - towards lucrative and higher-stress law careers, and away from "service-oriented" careers which research would predict to produce greater satisfaction. Limitations and suggestions for future research are noted, and implications for legal education and the profession are discussed.
Unlocking the Potential of Corporate Social Intrapreneurship: A Call to Scholars

An increasing number of business professionals – also known as corporate social intrapreneurs – are driving innovations within for-profit companies to align business and societal value creation. To date, however, research and teaching in business schools on this emerging phenomenon has been very limited. Unlocking the Potential of Corporate Social Intrapreneurship: A Call to Scholars explores ways to encourage business school faculty to do more research and teaching on this subject. It also discusses the parameters of corporate social intrapreneurship, suggests sample research questions, and identifies some examples of courses and research that could inform next steps. The report reflects insights from leading scholars with expertise in this domain who convened at the invitation of the Aspen Institute Business & Society Program and the Fetzer Institute in April 2019.
The Rise of the Australian Neurohumanities: Conversations Between Neurocognitive Research and Australian Literature: edited by Jean-François Vernay, Routledge, New York, 2021, xvii + 142 pp., $94.99 (hardback), ISBN 9780367751944

In her foreword, Paula Leverage is right to say that this volume, notwithstanding its title’s suggestion of the blossoming of a field, is more a “powerful statement about the human experience and i...
Predictors for early readmission in patients hospitalized with new onset pediatric lupus nephritis

ObjectiveThe objective is to determine the 30-day hospital readmission rate following a hospitalization due to pediatric lupus nephritis of recent onset and characterize the risk factors associated...
Psychology's Stewardship of Gender/Sex.

Psychological theories of gender and/or sex (gender/sex) have the capacity to shape people’s self-perceptions, social judgments, and behaviors. The institutional power of psychology to affect cogni...
Blended Learning in The Context of Over-The-Counter Drugs: An Approach to Medical Pharmacology Education

Medical students often report anxiety and difficulty with assimilating the extensive pharmacology content required of them. To mitigate this we created blended learning events for students to build...
Human Spaceflight Risk Management

Deaths and close calls have occurred in both the initial development and mature operation phases of human spaceflight. The spacecraft, ground operators, flight crew, and the structure of the spaceflight organization each present opportunities for risk analysis, management, and mitigation. An understanding of the nature of problem definition and verification is required to adequately manage risks. If the formal requirements of verification of proposed solutions to design and organizational artifact construction are not understood, risks are greatly increased. Spacecraft and organizational design risk management can be addressed, but require both rigorous tools and continuous attention to both engineering and organizational behavior. Keywords: human spaceflight; risk management; problem formulation and verification
Reagan and Thatcher: The Difficult Relationship. By Richard Aldous. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2012. Pp. 342. $27.50.)

When picturing the 1980s, the relationship between Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher quickly comes to mind. The two political conservatives came to power around the same time, each vowing to dism...
A spending spree as Chrétien prepares to leave? Don't count on it.

A Toronto man was arrested in October after he slipped into a maternity ward, posed as a lactation consultant and assaulted 2 new mothers. The 25-year-old suspect was placed under house arrest after allegedly groping the 2 women at Mount Sinai Hospital. He was later charged with 4 additional counts
The Beauty Bias: The Injustice of Appearance in Life and Law by Deborah L. Rhode: (2010). New York: Oxford University Press, 272 pp., $24.95, ISBN 978-0195372875.

Deborah L. Rhode is no stranger to knotty social issues. Throughout her distinguished three-and-a-half decades as a legal academic, she has taught, written, spoken publicly, and worked actively to ...
Effect of abomasal infusion of sodium caseinate on milk yield, nitrogen utilization and amino acid nutrition of the dairy cow.

Previous studies have not established the sequence of limiting amino acids for the lactating cow or the mode of response from postruminal casein administra tion. Therefore, an evaluation of metabolite uptake by the lactating bovine mammary gland has been used to suggest a possible sequence of limiting amino acids for milk protein synthesis. Seven lactating Holstein cows were used to study the effect of abomasal versus ruminai infusion of sodium caseinate on milk production, milk compo sition, nitrogen utilization, levels of various blood metabolites and metabolite uptake by the mammary gland. Milk yield, milk nitrogen and nitrogen retained were significantly increased and fecal and urinary nitrogen were significantly decreased when sodium caseinate was infused postruminally. A general increase in the jugular blood con centration of all essential amino acids and most of the nonessential amino acids was observed when sodium caseinate was infused into the abomasum. The estimated up take of each amino acid from the blood and the theoretical quantity of milk protein which could be synthesized by the mammary gland suggest phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, threonine, etc., to be the sequence of limiting essential amino acids for the lactating dairy cow. J. Nutr. 104: 151-159, 1974. INDEXING
Cutting Edge: Antigen-Driven Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Lung Is Diminished in the Absence of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Receptor, but Is Independent of uPA

The requirement for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) in T lymphocyte migration is unknown. uPA −/− mice have fewer pulmonary lymphocytes in response to certain infections, but its unknown whether this is due to diminished recruitment. Primed, recipient mice were IT inoculated with Ag. Three days later, fluorescently labeled lymphoblasts from background-matched control wild-type (WT), uPA −/− , or uPAR −/− donor mice were injected i.v., and their recruitment was determined. Approximately twice the number of uPA −/− compared with WT lymphoblasts were recruited to the lungs of WT recipients. This difference was eliminated when uPA −/− and WT lymphoblasts were injected into uPA −/− recipients. Thus, the reduced number of lung lymphocytes in infected uPA −/− mice is not due to reduced recruitment. However, uPAR is critically involved in recruitment. Markedly fewer uPAR −/− compared with WT lymphoblasts were recruited to the lung. These findings suggest that uPAR may be a novel target for immune modulation in T lymphocyte-mediated disorders.