cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous control of time-dependent population transfer dynamics and wave-packet quantum interferences in Li2 by shaped ultrafast pulses

Ultrafast pulse shapes are used to control simultaneously the optimal population transfer coefficients and rotational wave-packet quantum interferences in the E 1 Σ + g state of Li 2 (v E =9, J E =27 and 29). By dividing the spectral bandwidth of the ultrafast pulses into multiple "control domains" centered on each resonant wavelength, the population transfer coefficients can be manipulated independently of the wave-packet interferences to maximize the Li 2 photoionization yield at arbitrary short pump-probe time delays. To investigate the population transfer coefficients with and without wave-packet interferences, respectively, the pump polarization is set to be either parallel to or at the magic angle (∼55°) relative to the probe polarization. A comparison is made between phases that are symmetric and antisymmetric about the resonances. The effects of resonant and nonresonant frequencies are separately established and quantified. It is estimated that up to 90% of the possible nonresonant Rabi oscillations can be brought into phase simultaneously for each rovibrational state in the wave packet, while at the same time a constant phase offset added to one of the control domains establishes the phase of the wave-packet interference.
Coexistence of mitral valve prolapse in a consecutive group of 528 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed with echocardiography.

Abstract Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse are both conditions that may be genetically transmitted and incur a risk for sudden cardiac death. Although the small left ventricular cavity and distorted geometry characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy might suggest a predisposition to mitral valve prolapse, the frequency with which these two entities coexist and the potential clinical significance of such an association are not known. To further define the relation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse, 528 consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied by echocardiography. Patients ranged in age from 1 to 86 years (mean 45); 335 (63%) were male. Unequivocal echocardiographic evidence of systolic mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium was identified in only 16 (3%) of the 528 patients. The mitral valve excised at operation from three of the patients had morphologic characteristics of a floppy mitral valve, which was judged to be responsible for the echocardiographic findings. Occurrence of clinically evident atrial fibrillation was common in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse (9 [56%] of 16). Hence, in a large group of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the association of echocardiographically documented mitral valve prolapse was uncommon. The coexistence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy appears to predispose such patients to atrial fibrillation.
TESTS OF CERTAIN TYPES OF IGNORABLE NONRESPONSE IN SURVEYS SUBJECT TO ITEM NONRESPONSE OR ATTRITION

Analysts of cross-sectional or panel surveys often base inferences about relationships between variables on complete units, excluding units that are incomplete due to item nonresponse or attrition. This practice is justiable if exclusion is ignorable in an appropriate sense. This paper characterizes certain types of ignorable exclusion in surveys subject to item nonresponse and develops tests based on these characterizations. These tests are applied to data from several National Election Study panels and evidence is found of violations of these characterizations. Characterizations and tests of certain types of ignorable attrition in standard panel surveys are also presented.
Rare-earths in size fractions and sedimentary rocks of Pennsylvanian-Permian age from the mid-continent of the U.S.A.

Abstract The REE (rare-earth) contents of sixty-three Lower Permian Sand and gravel-size fractions consist mostly of quartz or chert so their REE content is low (7.9–40.6 ppm) although heavy minerals may contribute a large fraction of the REE content. Unexpectedly, silt-size fractions have REE contents (74–355 ppm) that are usually lower but similar to their
Innate and acquired immunity in atherogenesis.

Traditional risk factors like hypercholesterolemia are important for atherogenesis, but it is now apparent that the immune system also plays an important role. Uncovering the mechanisms by which specific components of the immune system impact atherogenesis will not only provide new insights into the pathogenesis of lesion formation, but could also lead to novel therapeutic approaches that involve immune modulation.
The Making of the Territorial Order: New Borders and the Emergence of Interstate Conflict

We argue that new international borders are rarely new. We propose that when states choose new borders they use previous administrative frontiers to solve a difficult short-term bargaining problem and a long-term coordination problem. With a unique new set of data collected specifically for this project, we systematically examine the new international borders of the twentieth century resulting from secession, partition, and the use of force. New international borders, we find, are drawn not according to principles of “nationalism” or defensible borders, but rather according to previous administrative frontiers. How borders are drawn has important consequences for international stability: borders drawn along previously existing internal or external administrative frontiers experience fewer future territorial disputes and have a much lower risk of militarized confrontation if a dispute emerges.
Leptomeningeal metastasis from occult signet-ring cell colon adenocarcinoma presenting with isolated headache

We report a patient with a rare primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the transverse colon with secondary leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The only presenting and persistent symptom was worsening headache for 6 weeks until death. There were no other neurological, constitutional, or gastrointestinal symptoms. The primary tumor was detected by CT scan and confirmed by endoscopy, and the final diagnosis was eventually made from cerebrospinal fluid and tissue cytology. This report confirms the dismal prognosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, especially when the primary malignancy is asymptomatic.
Neutron interaction with doubly-magic 40Ca☆

Abstract Differential neutron elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections of elemental calcium are measured from ≈ 1.5 to 10 MeV with sufficient detail to determine their energy-averaged behavior in the highly fluctuating environment. These results, combined with values previously reported in the literature, are assessed in the contexts of optical-statistical, dispersive-optical, and coupled-channels models, applicable to the energy domain 0–30 + MeV, with particular emphasis on the lower energies where the processes are sensitive to the dispersion relationship. The interpretations define the energy dependencies of the potential parameters (resolving prior ambiguities), suggest that previous estimates of the prominent low-energy (n, p) and (n, α) reactions are too large, reasonably describe observables to at least 30 MeV, and provide a vehicle for extrapolation into the bound-state regime that gives a good description of hole- and particle-state binding energies. The resulting real-potential parameters are consistent with global trends.
G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase Interacting Protein-1 Mediates Intima Formation by Regulating Vascular Smooth Muscle Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration

Objective— The G-protein–coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein that is important for phospholipase Cγ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling induced by angiotensin II and epidermal growth factor. Because GIT1 regulates signaling by several vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth factors, we hypothesized that intima formation would be inhibited by GIT1 depletion. Approach and Results— Complete carotid ligation was performed on GIT1 wild-type and knockout (KO) mice. We compared changes between GIT1 wild-type and KO mice in carotid vascular remodeling, VSMC proliferation, and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Our data demonstrated that GIT1 deficiency significantly decreased intima formation after carotid ligation as a result of both reduced VSMC proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. To confirm the effects of GIT1 in vitro, we performed proliferation and apoptosis assays in VSMC. In mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASM), we found that the growth rate and [3H]-thymidine incorporation of the GIT1 KO MASM were significantly decreased compared with the wild-type MASM. Cyclin D1, which is a key cell cycle regulator, was significantly decreased in GIT1 KO cells. Serum deprivation of GIT1 KO MASM increased apoptosis 3-fold compared with wild-type MASM. Treatment of rat aortic smooth muscle cells with GIT1 small interfering RNA impaired cell migration. Both phospholipase Cγ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling were required for GIT1-dependent VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas only phospholipase Cγ was involved in GIT1-mediated VSMC apoptosis. Conclusions— GIT1 is a novel mediator of vascular remodeling by regulating VSMC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis through phospholipase Cγ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways.
Sex Differences in Attitudes Toward Suicide: Do Males Stigmatize Males?

This study compares female and male reactions to troubled female and male target figures. The results replicate the findings of four earlier studies that showed that females are move sympathetic than males toward suicidal target figures. Unlike previous studies, however, by using a non-suicidal comparison condition, this study also shows that female sympathy ratings were not influenced by whether or not target figures were suicidal. Male ratings did show such an influence: males were most sympathetic to non-suicidal male targets and least sympathetic to suicidal male targets. Results are discussed in the light of sex-role stereotyping of males.
Pre-Fontan cardiac magnetic resonance predicts post-Fontan length of stay and avoids ionizing radiation

Objective Patients frequently undergo cardiac catheterization before the Fontan operation because of the limited echocardiographic windows in the region of the superior cavopulmonary connection and branch pulmonary arteries. Patients with obstruction to pulmonary blood flow are at increased risk for prolonged length of hospital stay after the Fontan operation. Cardiac magnetic resonance has unlimited imaging windows and can quantify both the branch pulmonary artery size and net flow distribution and thereby serve as a method for identifying patients at increased risk for prolonged length of stay. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 24 cardiac magnetic resonance studies of patients (mean age, 3.1 ± 1.0 years) referred before the Fontan operation. Cardiac magnetic resonance measured the cross-sectional area and flow to each branch pulmonary artery. Post-Fontan hospital course data were acquired from the medical record. Results Prolonged length of stay after the Fontan operation is observed among patients with one branch that is less than 25% of the total cross-sectional area (18.0 ± 5.5 vs 8.2 ± 3.8 days, P = .01) or with less than 40% flow to one branch (12.5 ± 6.9 vs 7.6 ± 1.5 days, P = .04). There is moderate correlation between the total branch pulmonary area and length of stay ( r = −0.75). Conclusions Cardiac magnetic resonance noninvasively assesses the branch pulmonary area size and flow before the Fontan operation. These data predict which patients are more likely to experience a prolonged hospital course.
The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway protects Chlamydomonas reinhardtii against selenite toxicity, but is impaired as reactive oxygen species accumulate

The ubiquitin - proteasome pathway (UPP) coordinates a myriad of physiological processes in higher plants, including abiotic stress responses, but it is less well characterized in algal species. In this study, the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii was used to gain insights into the role of the UPP during moderate and severe selenite stress at three different time points. The data indicate that activity of the UPP in response to selenium (Se) stress was both time and dose dependent. Moderate selenite stress increased proteasome activity, protein ubiquitination and the proteasomal removal of malformed selenoproteins. However, severe Se stress caused by prolonged selenite treatment or high selenite concentration decreased proteasome activity, inhibited protein ubiquitination and prevented the pro- teasomal removal of selenoproteins. The UPP impairment during severe Se stress was associated with the observed accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including mitochondrial superoxide. Additionally, proteasomal inhib- ition decreased the concentration of chlorophyll in cultures challenged with Se. Therefore, although the UPP protects Chlamydomonas against Se stress, severe oxidative stress induced by selenite toxicity likely hinders the UPP's capacity to mediate a stress response. The possibility that stress tolerance in plants is dependent upon optimal UPP activity and maintenance is discussed.
The Winch-Bot: A cable-suspended, under-actuated robot utilizing parametric self-excitation

A simple, compact, yet powerful robotic winch, called “Winch-Bot,” is presented in this paper. The Winch-Bot is an underactuated robot having only one controllable axis. Although hanging a load with merely one cable, it is capable of moving it in a large workspace by swinging the load dynamically based on parametric self-excitation. The generated trajectories can be used for a variety of tasks, from moving material to cyclic inspection of surfaces. The basic principle and design concept of the Winch-Bot are first described, followed by dynamic modeling and analysis. Two trajectory generation problems are solved. One is point-to-point transfer of a load, and the other is the tracking of a continuous path. It will be shown that the system can track a given geometric trajectory, although the tracking velocity cannot be determined arbitrarily due to the underactuated nature of dynamics. A prototype Winch-Bot is designed and built, and point-to-point, continuous path, and parametric excitation control are implemented.
Recall in Infancy: A Neurodevelopmental Account

Relations between developments in neural structures and changes in memory in infancy are a relatively recent focus of research. Greater knowledge about brain development, as well as methodological advances such as combined use of behavioral and electrophysiological techniques, have led to the generation and testing of specific hypotheses regarding sources of age-related change. Theory and data converge to suggest that the early-stage processes of encoding and consolidation are a significant source of age-related variability in memory early in life. Additional research is needed to determine how these processes change and interact with myriad other determinants of recall.
Relationship between hatch date and first-summer growth of five species of prairie-stream cyprinids

Stream fishes often exhibit a bet-hedging multiple spawning reproductive strategy. In many species, the reproductive season lasts several months. This exposes young fishes to varying environmental conditions that may differentially affect growth. We studied the effect of hatch date on first-summer growth among members of a prairie-stream fish assemblage. The reproductive season in both years of the study was protracted, lasting from April through August. Due to intermittent stream-discharge, there were two distinct periods during which most species successfully reproduced. In general, growth rate was greater among individuals with an early hatch date than among those with a later hatch date. Multiple regression models indicated that hatch date was related to growth in all study species with one exception (red shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis). The results of this study provide evidence that young-of-the-year of multiple spawning stream-fish species that are spawned late in the season may grow at a slower rate than young spawned earlier in the season.
Structural design considerations for micromachined solid oxide fuel cells

Micromachined solid-oxide fuel cells (μSOFCs) are among a class of devices being investigated for portable power generation. Optimization of the performance and reliability of such devices requires robust, scale-dependent, design methodologies. In this first analysis, we consider the structural design of planar, electrolyte-supported, μSOFCs from the viewpoints of electrochemical performance, mechanical stability and reliability, and thermal behavior. The effect of electrolyte thickness on fuel cell performance is evaluated using a simple analytical model. Design diagrams that account explicitly for thermal and intrinsic residual stresses are presented to identify geometries that are resistant to fracture and buckling. Analysis of energy loss due to in-plane heat conduction highlights the importance of efficient thermal isolation in microscale fuel cell design.
The Structure and Population Genetics of the Breakpoints Associated With the Cosmopolitan Chromosomal Inversion In(3R)Payne in Drosophila melanogaster

We report here the breakpoint structure and sequences of the Drosophila melanogaster cosmopolitan chromosomal inversion In(3R)P. Combining in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes and long-range PCR, we have identified and sequenced the distal and proximal breakpoints. The breakpoints are not simple cut-and-paste structures; gene fragments and small duplications of DNA are associated with both breaks. The distal breakpoint breaks the tolkin (tok) gene and the proximal breakpoint breaks CG31279 and the tolloid (tld) gene. Functional copies of all three genes are found at the opposite breakpoints. We sequenced a representative sample of standard (St) and In(3R)P karyotypes for a 2-kb portion of the tok gene, as well as the same 2 kb from the pseudogene tok fragment found at the distal breakpoint of In(3R)P chromosomes. The tok gene in St arrangements possesses levels of polymorphism typical of D. melanogaster genes. The functional tok gene associated with In(3R)P shows little polymorphism. Numerous single-base changes, as well as deletions and duplications, are associated with the truncated copy of tok. The overall pattern of polymorphism is consistent with a recent origin of In(3R)P, on the order of Ne generations. The identification of these breakpoint sequences permits a simple PCR-based screen for In(3R)P.
Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in children with pineoblastoma

Background. The outlook of children with pineoblastoma treated with radiation therapy alone is extremely poor, but neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been tried only in a few cases of this rare childhood brain tumor with poor prognosis. Methods. Three consecutive children 3 to 7 years of age received neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of etoposide 100 mg/m2 days 1 to 3, cisplatin 100 mg/m2 day 1, and vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 day 1, repeated every 4 weeks. After four courses of chemotherapy, patients underwent craniospinal irradiation. The radiation doses to the primary site ranged from 5040 to 5440 cGy and craniospinal axis radiation dose was 2520 to 3060 cGy. Results. After chemotherapy, mild myelosuppression occurred in all three and mild to moderate bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss occurred in two of the three patients. One patient remains in near complete resolution of the tumor at 2 years after diagnosis and another remains in CR for 5 years. One patient achieved PR for 5 months but eventually died of progressive tumor. Conclusions. This study suggests that the neoadjuvant chemotherapy as used here is effective and has acceptable toxicity.
Spin discriminant analysis (SDA) - using a one-dimensional classifier for high dimensional classification problems

In this paper we discuss how to use a one-dimensional classifier for solving high dimensional classification problems. We propose Spin Discriminant Analysis (SDA), which enables us to construct a family of new classifiers. We prove that SDA is equivalent to ridged Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) when two classes are Gaussians with common covariance matrices. Moreover, we prove that classification based on Parzen's window, is a special case of SDA. In addition to theoretical investigations, we conduct extensive empirical studies, implementing SDA using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) as its one-dimensional classifiers. This SVM-based SDA implementation is named SpinSVM. Our experiments show that SpinSVM outperforms traditional high dimensional classifiers like SVMs, Classification Using Spline (CUS), classification-based Parzen's window, and LDA on most standard and synthetic datasets we tested.
Pragmatic Reasoning With a Point of View

Abstract Cheng and Holyoak (1985) proposed that realistic reasoning in deontic contexts is based on pragmatic schemas such as those for assessing compliance with or violation of permission and obligation rules, and that the evocation of these schemas can facilitate performance in Wason's (1966) selection task. A number of investigators have since obtained evidence that the dominant pattern of selections for deontic rules can be reversed from the so-called “logical” pattern, p & not-q, to not-p & q, by manipulating subjects' perspective. We show that such selection reversals can be derived from the theory of pragmatic schemas given an analysis of the complementarity of rights (which underlie the permission schema) and duties (which underlie the obligation schema). The theory predicts that the not-p & q combination will be obtained equally often for two superficially different conditions: an ambiguous rule, nominally stated in the form if p then q, presented within a context that encourages mapping to a par...
A 6.45 $\mu{\rm W}$ Self-Powered SoC With Integrated Energy-Harvesting Power Management and ULP Asymmetric Radios for Portable Biomedical Systems

This paper presents a batteryless system-on-chip (SoC) that operates off energy harvested from indoor solar cells and/or thermoelectric generators (TEGs) on the body. Fabricated in a commercial 0.13 $\mu{\rm W}$ process, this SoC sensing platform consists of an integrated energy harvesting and power management unit (EH-PMU) with maximum power point tracking, multiple sensing modalities, programmable core and a low power microcontroller with several hardware accelerators to enable energy-efficient digital signal processing, ultra-low-power (ULP) asymmetric radios for wireless transmission, and a 100 nW wake-up radio. The EH-PMU achieves a peak end-to-end efficiency of 75% delivering power to a 100 $\mu{\rm A}$ load. In an example motion detection application, the SoC reads data from an accelerometer through SPI, processes it, and sends it over the radio. The SPI and digital processing consume only 2.27 $\mu{\rm W}$ , while the integrated radio consumes 4.18 $\mu{\rm W}$ when transmitting at 187.5 kbps for a total of 6.45 $\mu{\rm W}$ .
From Transparency to Transformation: A Market-Specific Methodology for a Commercial Building Energy Performance Rating System

The scaling of energy efficiency initiatives in the commercial building sector has been hampered by data limitations, information asymmetries, and benchmarking methodologies that do not adequately model patterns of energy consumption, nor provide accurate measures of relative energy performance. The reliance on simple metrics, such as Energy Use Intensity (EUI), fails to account for significant variation across occupancy, construction characteristics and other elements of a building – both its design and its users – that influence building energy efficiency. Using a unique dataset of building energy consumption, physical, spatial, and occupancy characteristics – collected from New York City’s Local Law 84 energy disclosure database, the Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output (PLUTO) database, and CoStar Group data – this paper analyzes energy consumption across commercial office buildings and presents a new methodology for a market-specific benchmarking model to measure relative energy performance. A robust predictive model is developed to normalize across multiple building characteristics and to provide the basis for a multivariate energy performance rank. The paper concludes with recommendations for data collection standards, computational approaches for building energy disclosure data, and targeted policies using k-means clustering and market segmentation.
Consequences of bile salt biotransformations by intestinal bacteria

Emerging evidence strongly suggest that the human "microbiome" plays an important role in both health and disease. Bile acids function both as detergents molecules promoting nutrient absorption in the intestines and as hormones regulating nutrient metabolism. Bile acids regulate metabolism via activation of specific nuclear receptors (NR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The circulating bile acid pool composition consists of primary bile acids produced from cholesterol in the liver, and secondary bile acids formed by specific gut bacteria. The various biotransformation of bile acids carried out by gut bacteria appear to regulate the structure of the gut microbiome and host physiology. Increased levels of secondary bile acids are associated with specific diseases of the GI system. Elucidating methods to control the gut microbiome and bile acid pool composition in humans may lead to a reduction in some of the major diseases of the liver, gall bladder and colon.
The Invisible Hook: The Law and Economics of Pirate Tolerance

Can criminal profit-seeking generate socially desirable outcomes? This article investigates this question by examining the economics of pirate tolerance. At a time when British merchant ships treated black slaves as slaves, some pirate ships integrated black bondsmen into their crews as full-fledged, free members. This tolerance was not the product of enlightened notions of equality. Instead, pirate self-interest seeking in the context of the criminally determined costs and benefits of pirate slavery was responsible for pirates' progressive racial practices. Analogous to Adam Smith's invisible hand, whereby lawful commercial self-interest seeking can generate socially desirable outcomes, among pirates there was an "invisible hook," whereby criminal self-interest seeking produced a socially desirable outcome in the form of racial tolerance.
Future Trends in Subsonic Transport Energy Efficient Turbofan Engines

Details of the NASA sponsored General Electric Energy Efficient Engine (E3) technology program are presented along with a description of the engine, cycle and aircraft system benefits. Opportunities for further performance improvement beyond E3 are examined. Studies leading to the selection of the E3 cycle and configuration are summarized. The advanced technology features, cycle and component performance levels are also presented. An evaluation of the benefits of the fully developed Flight Propulsion System (FPS) is made relative to the NASA program goals by comparing the FPS with the CF6-50C where both are installed in advanced subsonic transport aircraft. Results indicate that a mission fuel saving from 15 to 23 percent is possible depending on mission length.Copyright © 1980 by ASME
Placental metabolism and enzyme activities in diabetic pigs.

AbstractPlacental tissue metabolism and enzyme activities were measured in alloxan diabetic pigs and compared to other tissues. The pig placenta is made up of two placentas, maternal and fetal. These two placentas had different rates of glucose, pyruvate, and alanine utilization. The fetal placenta had higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase when compared to maternal liver and placenta. Diabetes resulted in a decrease in maternal placenta de novo fatty acid synthesis and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These data support the concept of a metabolic regulatory role for this organ during pregnancy.
Rat plasma aminopeptidase activity in hemorrhagic shock.

SummaryWhen profound shock is produced in rats by severe hemorrhage, a striking rise in plasma aminopeptidase activity occurs. This elevation of plasma GGGase activity is roughly correlated with the increment in plasma amino nitrogen.
Large area synthesis, characterization, and anisotropic etching of two dimensional tungsten disulfide films

Abstract Emergent properties of tungsten disulfide at the quantum confinement limit hold promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here we report on the large area synthesis of atomically thin tungsten disulfide films with strong photoluminescence properties via sulfurization of the pre-deposited tungsten films. Detailed characterization of the pre-deposited tungsten films and tungsten disulfide films are performed using microscopy and spectroscopy methods. By directly heating tungsten disulfide films in air, we have shown that the films tend to be etched into a series of triangular shaped pits with the same orientations, revealing the anisotropic etching behavior of tungsten disulfide edges. Moreover, the dimensions of the triangular pits increase with the number of layers, suggesting a thickness dependent behavior of etching in tungsten disulfide films. This method offers a promising new avenue for engineering the edge structures of tungsten disulfide films.
Interaction Between Optically-Generated Charge-Transfer States and Magnetized Charge-Transfer States toward Magneto-Electric Coupling

This article reports the magneto-dielectric studies on the coupling between optically generated CT states and magnetized CT states based on thin-film devices with the architecture of ITO/TPD:BBOT/TPD/Co/Al. The magnetized CT states are generated at the Co/TPD interface, generating a magneto-dielectric response with a broad, non-Lorentzian line-shape. The optically generated CT states are formed at the TPD:BBOT interfaces in the heterojunction under photoexcitation, leading to a magneto-dielectric signal with a narrow, Lorentzian line-shape. We find that combining the optically generated CT states and magnetized CT states yields a new magneto-dielectric signal with distinctive line-shape and amplitude in the ITO/TPD:BBOT/TPD/Co/Al device. The magneto-dielectric analysis indicates that there exists a coupling between optically generated CT states and magnetized CT states through the interactions between the magnetic Co/TPD interface and the optically excited TPD:BBOT heterojunction. Furthermore, we show tha...
Experimental Analysis and a New Theoretical Model for Anomalously High Ideality Factors (n ≫ 2.0) in GaN-based p-n Junction Diodes

Diode ideality factors of 2.0–8.0 have been reported in GaN-based p-n junctions. These values are much higher than the expected values of 1.0–2.0 as per the Sah-Noyce-Shockley theory. We propose a fundamentally new model for the high ideality factors obtained in GaN-based diodes. This model is based on the effect of moderately doped unipolar heterojunctions as well as metal–semiconductor junctions in series with the p-n junction. A relation for the effective ideality factor of a system of junctions is developed. A detailed experimental study is performed on diodes fabricated from two different structures, a bulk GaN p-n junction structure and a p-n junction structure incorporating a p-type AlGaN/GaN superlattice. Bulk GaN p-n junction diode displays an ideality factor of 6.9, whereas the one with the superlattice structure displays an ideality factor of 4.0. In addition, device simulation results further strengthen the model by showing that moderately doped unipolar heterojunctions are rectifying and increase the effective ideality factor of a p-n junction structure.
Survival of juvenile northern quahogs during seasonal temperature decline likely a function of diet and NMI-fatty acid synthesis

ABSTRACTAquacultured northern quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria, set in the environment for overwintering have experienced episodes of anomalous, highly variable and site-specific overwinter mortality. Prior research has revealed factors likely contributing to mortality during isothermal winter lows, when M. mercenaria do not feed, and the postwinter approach to spring. However, a synthesis of prior studies suggests juvenile M. mercenaria survival during the prewinter period of temperature may be subject to the timely dietary availability of two highly unsaturated fatty acids, 20:5n-3, eicosapentaneoic acid, and 22:6n-3, docosahexaneoic acid, and the biosynthesis of the nonmethylene interrupted fatty acids, 22:2Δ7,13 and 22:2Δ7,15.
Analyzing discourse analysis: Teachers’ views of classroom discourse and student identity

Abstract In the current context of urban schools, strict curricula and rigid teaching practices are often used in schools with high linguistic and cultural diversity. To understand how teachers can use more equitable teaching methods in classrooms, it is important to explore how teachers make sense of multifaceted student identities and how those identities play a role in making instructional decisions. Drawing on a discursive understanding of identity, this paper reports on a study that seeks to analyze two cases of teachers who employed discourse analysis with classroom transcripts in a community of practice and how this may lead to new understandings of student identity, particularly in multilingual contexts. As teachers appropriated the research practices of discourse analysis, they began to shift in the way they understood their students’ identities, from initially viewing them through institutional lenses to understanding the agentive positions that students took up in classroom discourse. This study yields implications for teacher development as well as furthering understanding about the relationship between language and identity in urban schools.
Improving Example of Rolling Process in Crankshaft Machining

Crankshaft is the major component of engine for power output. Its strength has the important influence for engine performance. As the main method to improve strength, rolling process is utilized widely in the engine manufacturing industry. This article summarizes crankshaft roll process and states the application in engine produce with problem and solving method.
Etiology monitoring on influenza in Hechi in 2011

Objective:Based on influenza virus etiology monitoring in Hechi in 2011,to analyze the epidemic characteristics and rule and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza.Methods: The throat swab specimens were collected from sentinel influenza surveillance hospitals,influenza-like and severe cases for typing with real-time PCR.Results: In 2011,fifty-six nucleic acid positive specimens were found in 385 specimens(14.54%),including 43 A(H1N1) cases,9 influenza B cases and 4 seasonal influenza H3 subtype cases.Conclusion: In 2011,the influenza trend performed smooth in Hechi,A(H1N1) was the predominant viral strain,with the coexistence of influenza B and seasonal influenza H3 subtype.
A Rash in One Newborn Twin Sibling

A 38-week-gestation twin B boy with a known prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery at a level 1 nursery. The infant was noted to have a generalized skin rash in various stages of healing at the time of delivery and was transferred to a level 3 NICU for further management. The mother was a 26-year-old gravida 2, para 3 woman with a medical history of asthma and vitamin D deficiency. Routine prenatal laboratory findings were reassuring, except for group B Streptococcus positivity. The mother denied alcohol and illicit drug use or smoking during pregnancy. Medications during pregnancy were fluticasone, prenatal vitamins with additional supplemental vitamin D, and prescription oxycodone for pain issues. This was a spontaneously conceived dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy. The pregnancy was uneventful, until routine level II prenatal ultrasonography noted twin B to have microcephaly, believed to be due to a stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) distribution. Subsequent fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the formation of a porencephalic cyst with associated gliosis and atrophy in the left frontoparietal region as well as some crossed cerebellar diaschisis and unilateral left ventriculomegaly. Due to the microcephaly, evaluation for maternal t oxoplasmosis, o ther agents, r ubella, c ytomegalovirus, and h erpes simplex (TORCH) syndrome was completed (Table 1). There was no history of maternal herpes lesions up until 2 weeks before delivery, when the mother was given oral valacyclovir. There was no maternal history of vulvovaginal candidiasis. She was regularly in the presence of her sister's cat, but never touched the cat or cleaned the litter box during the pregnancy. She had a prior history of chickenpox, but not during the pregnancy. There was no family history of hypercoagulable disorders, autoimmune conditions, or immunodeficiencies. Maternal thrombophilia evaluation was negative for antiplatelet antibodies, and results …
Bridging the gap: grounded theory method, theory development, and sustainable tourism research

ABSTRACTAdvancing knowledge on sustainability phenomena can be optimized when theoretical developments and practical applications work in concert rather than in isolation. Bridging the theory–practice gap is particularly important to sustainable tourism, which has risen exponentially in relevance both in practice and research. However, tourism research has been criticized for a lack of endemic theory unique to the field. Grounded theory method (GTM) is an established methodology for generating new theory in substantive areas, and has been utilized to examine various tourism phenomena. Through both methodological and theory development assessments, this study first examines how GTM has been used in tourism research in general. Suggestions for ameliorating the theory development outcomes of GTM research in sustainable tourism are then offered for both researchers and reviewers to help bridge the gap between sustainable tourism research, practice, and theory.
Leverage Can Be Highly Counterproductive

Leverage, or gearing, was originally a term describing the use of ownership as a basis for borrowing. In addition, the term refers to the pyramiding of debt so that earnings (but also losses) increase in greater proportion than those based on equity alone. Shakespeare’s Polonius advised his son: “Neither a borrower nor a lender be,” let alone a leveraged borrower or lender to geared people and companies.
On the Stability of a System of Equations with Fractional Derivatives with Respect to Two Measures

We propose a new class of Lyapunov functions for the equations with fractional derivatives. The conditions of stability with respect to two measures are established for a given class of equations by using the generalized comparison principle and a vector-valued Lyapunov function.
Singlet Oxygen Generation and Photoinduced Charge Separation of Tetra Polyethyleneglycol Functionalized Zinc Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyad

Utilization of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) functionalized zinc phthalocyanine, (PEG)4ZnPc in (i) singlet oxygen generation, and (ii) in building energy harvesting donor-acceptor systems using fullerene, C60 as an acceptor via the well-known metal-ligand axial coordination approach is reported. The (PEG)4ZnPc was found to be capable of producing singlet oxygen with a quantum yield, ΦΔ of 0.77 in toluene, a value higher than that obtained for pristine (t-bu)4ZnPc (ΦΔ=0.54) carrying no PEG groups, revealing its usefulness in photodynamic therapy applications. Spectroscopic studies revealed efficient binding of phenylimidazole functionalized fullerene, C60Im with 1:1 stoichiometry to (PEG)4ZnPc. Binding constant K for the formation of (PEG)4ZnPc:ImC60 dyad was found to be 6×103 M−1 revealing moderate stability. Geometric and electronic studies of the dyad was arrived by B3LYP/3-21G(∗) method. The HOMO level was found to be on zinc phthalocyanine entity while the LUMO level was found to be on the C60 entity suggesting formation of (PEG)4ZnPc·+:ImC60· − charge separated state during the process of electron transfer reaction. Redox studies on the (PEG)4ZnPc:ImC60 dyad enabled accurate determination of the oxidation and reduction potentials of the donor-acceptor system, and to evaluate free-energy changes associated for the charge separation process. Kinetics of photoinduced charge separation and recombination in the (PEG)4ZnPc:ImC60 dyad was investigated using femtosecond transient absorption studies. Relatively long-lived charge separated states were confirmed for the dyad suggesting their potential usefulness in energy harvesting applications.
Hemorrhage Control in the Battlefield: Role of New Hemostatic Agents

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable combat-related deaths. The vast majority of these deaths occur in the field before the injured can be transported to a treatment facility. Early control of hemorrhage remains the most effective strategy for treating combat casualties. A number of hemostatic agents have recently been deployed to the warfront that can be used to arrest bleeding before surgical control of the source. The purpose of this article is to summarize the background information regarding these hemostatic agents, indications and rationale for their use, and characteristics of these products that may impact effectiveness.
The figure of the ‘Horla’ in Guy de Maupassant’s short stories: from isolation and alienation to annihilation

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the crisis Maupassant’s self-isolating bachelors face when the separation they initially sought from their peers becomes stifling isolation. As the noose of loneliness slowly tightens around them, their own house becomes the scene of terrific visions: the loners, unaccustomed to company, hear footsteps, and are soon confronted by a ghostly Other (le Horla), a recurring figure in many of his fantastic tales. The essay argues that in Guy de Maupassant’s short stories, the paradoxical and liminal figure of the bachelor and his Double, the Horla, crystallize the crisis of masculine identity at the end of the nineteenth century. The Horla appears as more than a fantastic trope. It is an expression of the anxiety associated with shifts in gender roles, and the inability of Maupassant's bachelors to connect with others. Following the journey of broken men who end up inhabiting no liveable psychic or social place, this essay shows that Maupassant’s bachelor-protagonists become ‘hors-la’.
Central Nervous System Ischemia

Platelets are involved in the generation and the course of focal cerebral ischemia (ischemic stroke). Four aspects of the development of the focal ischemic lesion include activated platelets: i) platelet-thrombus formation on atheromata of brain-supplying arteries, ii) platelet accumulation within microvessels of the ischemic lesions, iii) normal platelet function is required for prevention of hemorrhage within the ischemic lesion, and iv) the potential vascular effects of platelet release products. There is substantial indirect evidence of systemic platelet activation during ischemic stroke, and platelet-thrombi have been directly observed in vascular beds affected by ischemia. Modeling of these events in non-human animals is difficult, and limits the questions that can be asked about platelet function in this setting. Nonetheless, there has been considerable support for the role of platelets in prevention of central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage during ischemia. Platelet deposition in the microvessel beds of the ischemic lesion has been demonstrated in the non-human primate. Related experiments have demonstrated that inhibition of platelet-fibrinogen interactions can abrogate the focal “no-reflow” phenomenon, and reduction of the injury volume. There has been considerable clinical experience with anti-platelet strategies for secondary prevention of recurrent stroke. Aspirin is employed for reduction of second events after transient ischemic attacks or stroke. The combination agent aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole significantly decreases subsequent stroke events, compared with aspirin. Clopidogrel has been shown in a number of studies to reduce the risk of second events. The comparisons of these agents with one another in clinical trials of ischemic stroke continue. Each agent has a relative risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. The use of antiplatelet agents in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation is superceded by the use of oral anticoagulants. However, adjunctive roles for anti-platelet agents have been demonstrated in the settings of carotid endarterectomy and cardiac valvular prostheses. Overall, platelets are centrally involved in the natural history of CNS vascular disease, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic risk in the CNS.
The abolition of all privilege: Race, equality, and freedom in the work of Anténor Firmin:

Anthropology has done much to challenge the idea of the natural inferiority of races, but at times this challenge has ignored the problem of racism. This article explores an important but largely i...
Real-time image segmentation using a spiking neuromorphic processor

Segmentation of specific objects in an image is a key task in computer vision, for which various algorithms have been proposed. However, most of these algorithms are software-oriented and have high computational complexity that makes them difficult to implement in hardware for real-time applications. The semi-supervised graph-based random walker (RW) algorithm, which seeks the solution for a large sparse matrix, shows optimal image segmentation performance in software. In this paper, we configured our existing spiking neuromorphic processor to implement an adaptation of the RW algorithm that performs segmentation using an iterative method while preserving accuracy. Our hardware platform can be adapted to achieve an extremely fast segmentation speed of up to 1000 images per second by computing all neurons in parallel. We believe our approach will facilitate the implementation of graph-based computer vision algorithms on neuromorphic hardware for low power, real-time applications. Our approach will be immensely valuable in applications that require high-performance computing to run in real time, such as biomedical image segmentation for image-guided surgery.
Chemistry Science Investigation: Dognapping Workshop, An Outreach Program Designed To Introduce Students to Science through a Hands-On Mystery

The Chemistry Science Investigation: Dognapping Workshop was designed to (i) target and inspire fourth grade students to view themselves as Junior Scientists before their career decisions are solidified; (ii) enable hands-on experience in fundamental scientific concepts; (iii) increase public interaction with science, technology, engineering, and mathematical personnel by providing face-to-face opportunities; (iv) give teachers a pathway forward for scientific resources; (v) meet the New Mexico K–5 Science Benchmark Performance Standards; (vi) most importantly, ensure everyone has fun! For this workshop, the students are told they will be going to see a Chemistry Magic Show, but the performance is stopped when the Chemistry Dog is reportedly stolen. The students first clear their names using a series of interactive stations and then apply a number of science experiments to solve the mystery. This report describes the workshop in detail, which is suitable for large (∼100 students per day) audiences but has...