cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracellular space and membrane changes in brain owing to different alkali metal buffers.

Various alkali metal buffers were used in combination with glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and acrolein to fix rat visual cerebral cortex by perfusion. Standard procedures of post-fixation, dehydration, and embedding were followed so that the buffer became the experimental variable. The cacodylate buffer system proved most versatile, and caesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, and lithium cacodylate were used. An unusual amount of extracellular space averaging 300 nm was present with caesium cacodylate which contrasted with the apposed plasma membranes prevalent when lithium or sodium cacodylate was used. Rubidium and potassium cacodylate produced similar results with variable and irregular extracellular space. The effects of the addition of dimethyl sulphoxide, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride to the various cacodylate buffers were explored. In the case of caesium cacodylate, these additives caused less extracellular space and the retention of more material in this space in an irregular manner; with potassium cacodylate there was no noticeable difference, but with sodium and lithium cacodylate extracellular space increased. We suggest that the observed differences in extracellular space are explanable in terms of changes occurring in the polysaccharide cell coat which are caused by the buffers and additives.
Spatio-temporal frequency characteristics of the optomotor response in zebrafish

The optomotor response (OMR) is a simple experimental paradigm that is widely used in the study of visual system functions. In the current paper we investigated how spatial and temporal properties of repetitive stimuli determine the OMR in zebrafish. The experiments showed that the OMR has the temporal characteristic of a low-pass filter when the spatial frequencies are low and of a band-pass filter when the spatial frequencies are high. These findings are discussed on the basis of inherent sampling constraints of any motion detector. We found some indications that the strength and direction of the OMR vary with the spatio-temporal frequency of the stimulus pattern as has previously been described for other species.
A Multiobjective and Stochastic System for Building Maintenance Management

Building maintenance management involves decision making under multiple objectives and uncertainty, in addition to budgetary constraints. This article presents the development of a multiobjective and stochastic optimization system for maintenance management of roofing systems that integrates stochastic condition-assessment and performance-prediction models with a multiobjective optimization approach. The maintenance optimization includes determination of the optimal allocation of funds and prioritization of roofs for maintenance, repair, and replacement that simultaneously satisfy the following conflicting objectives: (1) minimization of maintenance and repair costs, (2) maximization of network performance, and (3) minimization of risk of failure. A product model of the roof system is used to provide the data framework for collecting and processing data. Compromise programming is used to solve this multiobjective optimization problem and provides building managers an effective decision support system that identifies the optimal projects for repair and replacement while it achieves a satisfactory tradeoff between the conflicting objectives.
Phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 28 modulates RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription

Deregulation of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription enhances cellular tRNAs and 5S rRNA production, leading to an increase in translational capacity to promote cell proliferation, transformation and tumor formation. Phosphorylation of histone H3 (H3ph) is induced by tumor promoters (EGF, UV and TPA) and immediate early genes, such as c-myc, c-jun and c-fos. However, it remains to be determined whether H3ph is involved in RNA Pol III transcription. Here, we report that EGF strongly induced H3ph at serine 28 (H3S28ph). EGF significantly increased transcription of RNA Pol III-dependent genes (Pol III genes), tRNA(Leu), tRNA(Tyr), 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA. Inhibition of EGFR, but not PI3K, reduced both H3S28ph and tRNA(Leu) and 5S rRNA transcription. EGF enhanced occupancy of H3S28ph in the promoters of tRNA(Leu) and 5S rRNA. Further analysis indicates that EGF augmented cellular levels of protein and mRNA of TFIIIB subunits, Brf1 and TATA box-binding protein (TBP). Brf1 is a specific transcription factor for RNA Pol III genes. EGF enhanced occupancy of H3S28ph in the Brf1 and TBP promoters. Inhibition of H3S28ph by mutant H3S28A repressed Brf1, TBP and tRNA(Leu) and 5S rRNA expression and decreased occupancy of H3S28ph in their promoters. Reduction of Brf1 significantly decreased tRNA(Leu) and 5S rRNA transcription and repressed EGF-induced anchorage-independent growth. Blocking H3S28ph signaling by using mutant H3S28A reduced EGF-induced cell transformation. Together, these results indicate that EGF activates EGFR signaling to induce H3S28ph, which, in turn, upregulates tRNA(Leu) and 5S rRNA transcription through Brf1 and TBP and promotes cell transformation. The studies demonstrate that epigenetic modification of H3S28ph has a critical role in the activity of Pol III genes.
Inactivation of erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase by tetraphenylboron.

Menschliche Erythrozyten wurden mit Tetraphenylbor (TPB) behandelt, wobei die TPB-Konzentrationen uber 6 × 10−4M hamolytisch waren. Die Acetylcholinesterase der Erythrozytenmembranen wurde durch nicht-hamolytische TPB-Konzentrationen irreversibel, temperatur- und konzentrationsabhangig inaktiviert.
Some Observations on in vitro Dental Plaques

A method is described for growing plaques in vitro in a flow of human saliva. Similarities between these in vitro plaques and natural in vivo plaques are seen in physical properties, bacterial composition, and pH response to sucrose solution.
CONSTITUTIVE NF-κB LEVELS IN HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES FROM NORMAL VOLUNTEERS

Alveolar macrophages regulate the inflammatory and immune responses within the lung through cytokine production. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor, controls the synthesis of cytokines such as interleukin 1beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 8. In quiescent cells, NF-kappaB is located in the cytosol as a dimer of protein components (p50, p65) bound to an inhibitor (IkappaB). Upon activation, NF-kappaB translocates to the nucleus and binds to DNA. To determine the constitutive level of NF-kappaB activation in non-smoking normal volunteers, immunohistochemical analysis of alveolar macrophages from 29 subjects was performed with antibody directed against the p65 component of NF-kappaB. These results were confirmed in four subjects by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). A human monocytic cell line, THP-1 with and without endotoxin stimulation was used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The mean number of positive cells was 4.1%+/-0.8. EMSA performed on whole cell extracts from four normal volunteers demonstrated minimal constitutive binding compared to the positive control. Supershift assay revealed the presence of the p65 dimer. By both immunohistochemistry and EMSA, alveolar macrophages from healthy non-smoking individuals demonstrate minimal NF-kappaB activation. Immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and quantifiable technique requiring only a minimal number of cells, and this technique may be useful in monitoring small changes in NF-kappaB activation in inflammatory diseases of the lung.
Cohort reconstruction: which infants can be restudied at school age?

Summary. Longer-term follow-up of infants with specific health concerns, such as low birthweight, is critical to assessing the effect of medical interventions. This report examines the approach of reconstructing previously studied cohorts in terms of the factors discriminating between respondents and non-respondents. Follow-up was attempted during 1987-1988 for 1875 children born during a 6-month period in 1978 in three geographically defined regions in the United States, for whom 1-year assessments of health and developmental status were obtained at 1 year of age as part of a previous study. For a 25% sample, participation involved a clinic visit for developmental assessments; for the remainder an interview by telephone or home visit. Follow-up was obtained for 72.5% of the cohort. Refusal rates were low (7%); most non-response was due to an inability to locate the families. Predictors of non-response reflected primarily low socio-economic status; completion rates were not influenced by mode of assessment. The role of a tracing agency is discussed. We conclude that cohort reconstruction is feasible with response rates comparable to some prospective studies with ongoing cohort maintenance.
LPA stimulates intestinal DRA gene transcription via LPA2 receptor, PI3K/AKT, and c-Fos-dependent pathway.

DRA (downregulated in adenoma) or SLC26A3 is the major apical anion exchanger mediating Cl− absorption in intestinal epithelial cells. Disturbances in DRA function and expression have been implicat...
Monitoring Diesel Particulate Matter and Calculating Diesel Particulate Densities Using Grimm Model 1.109 Real-Time Aerosol Monitors in Underground Mines

Currently, there is no Mine Safety and Health Administra- tion (MSHA)-approved sampling method that provides real-time results for ambient concentrations of diesel particulates. This study investigated whether a commercially available aerosol spectrometer, the Grimm Portable Aerosol Spectrometer Model 1.109, could be used during underground mine operations to provide accurate real-time diesel particulate data relative to MSHA-approved cassette-based sampling methods. A subset was to estimate size-specific diesel particle densities to potentially improve the diesel particulate concentration estimates using the aerosol monitor. Concurrent sampling was conducted during underground metal mine operations using six duplicate diesel particulate cassettes, according to the MSHA-approved method, and two identical Grimm Model 1.109 instruments. Linear regression was used to develop adjustment factors relating the Grimm results to the average of the cassette results. Statistical models using the Grimm data produced ...
Selection rules for point-defect anelastic relaxations : Classical versus quantum mechanical

A quantum mechanical analysis of selection rules for point-defect relaxations under an applied stress yields different results than a conventional classical analysis. The difference in the two approaches is illustrated using a simple 4-well model. The classical selection rules are a special case of the quantum mechanical selection rules with the wavefunctions of the reorienting defect atoms highly localized in potential minima, such that off-diagonal matrix elements of the stress perturbation are negligible.
Effects of shell crosslinking on polyurea microcapsules containing a free‐radical initiator

Microencapsulation of a material is often used when a controlled release of a substance is desired. This study examines the effects of crosslinking in polyurea microcapsule shells on stability of microcapsules containing the free-radical initiator cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Crosslinking of polyurea shells was varied by using amine monomers containing different amine functionalities, and/or changing the isocyanate/primary amine ratio. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to determine thermal properties of these microcapsules, and the pot lives of monomer systems containing these microcapsules were measured. Thermal stability is greater with a moderate degree of crosslinking from a trifunctional amine, and decreases when crosslinking is increased through use of higher amine functionality. Stability in monomer media generally increases with increased crosslinking through higher amine functionality, but is less predictable due to crosslinks formed between capsules. Generally, increasing crosslinking through altering the isocyanate to primary amine ratio decreases capsule stability in both dry and monomer storage. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42408.
Estimation and Implications of Space Use for White-Tailed Deer Management in Southern Michigan

Abstract Studies assessing space use are often descriptive but sometimes lack guidance for managers whose objectives include altering wildlife abundance through habitat management programs. The concept of usable space (i.e., species-specific permanent cover situations that maximize fitness) collapses commonly used home-range estimates (e.g., kernel estimators) by excluding cover types contained within individual home ranges that lack direct evidence of use and by reducing cover types containing large areas but small proportions of location estimates. In theory, estimates of usable space provide a potentially more accurate biological representation of space use compared to kernel estimators and provide guidance for managing avoided cover types (i.e., used in a proportion less than available). Our objectives were to compare white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) space use under the kernel and usable-space methods and to discuss the implications of cover conversions under the usable-space concept. Using ...
Increased laparoscopic experience does not lead to improved results with acute cholecystitis

Abstract Background As laparoscopic experience increases, ever more challenging cases are attempted. Enlarged surgeon experience, along with better technology, has been lauded as improving outcomes. The purpose of this study is to see if this applies to the management of acute cholecystitis. Methods We reviewed our experience over a 7 and a half year period. Information was obtained from a prospectively maintained computer database containing patient presentation, demographics, workup, laboratory values, and outcomes. Diagnosis of gangrene was based on pathologic examination of the specimen. Results There were 305 patients admitted to our institution with acute cholecystitis. Group I (n = 111) was admitted during the first half of the study and group II (n = 194) during the second half. Demographics were similar in the two groups. While slightly more patients were attempted laparoscopically in group II (90% versus 82%), conversion rates were virtually identical (27.1% versus 27.5%). There was a trend toward improved results with group II versus group I in mortality (3% versus 4%) and morbidity (14% versus 21%; P = not significant). Deaths were divided between sepsis and cardiac events. Gangrenous cholecystitis was less frequent in group II patients (29% versus 40%; P = 0.06). Analysis of gangrene versus non-gangrene patients within each group showed that conversion rates remained twice as high (40% versus 20%; P Conclusions Morbidity and mortality for acute cholecystitis remain relatively high. These seem to be determined by the degree of acute and chronic illness present at the time of diagnosis. As conversion rates remain unchanged, increased surgeon experience and further advances in laparoscopic technology are unlikely to dramatically affect results. Efforts to improve outcomes for this common disease should therefore focus on better and earlier identification of patients for operation.
Preferences for treatment outcomes in patients with heart failure: symptoms versus survival.

Abstract Background: Patient preferences for congestive heart failure therapy outcomes may vary depending on the goals of improving symptoms versus survival, but this has not been extensively investigated. Our objective was to analyze patient preferences for congestive heart failure therapy outcomes based on the goals of symptom versus survival improvement. Methods and Results: This was a prospective, full-profile conjoint analysis study of individual preferences for congestive heart failure treatment outcomes. Conjoint analysis was based on ratings of 16 treatment-outcome profiles, each consisting of 4 attributes (tiredness, shortness of breath, depression, and survival) varied across 4 severity levels. Part-worths (utilities) and importance weights were calculated for each attribute to determine their relative contribution to the full-profile rating decision using standard full-profile conjoint analysis techniques. Fifty-one patients with congestive heart failure from our medical center (University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA) and 47 age-, gender-, and race-matched control subjects were studied. Part-worths and importance weights were significantly different for shortness of breath and depression between patients and control subjects. Symptom-sensitive (n = 33) and survival-sensitive (n = 17) treatment outcome preference segments were identified within the patient group. Importance weights for symptom-sensitive versus survival-sensitive patients were as follows: tiredness 0.30 ± 0.10 versus 0.16 ± 0.09 ( P P =.07); depression 0.26 ± 0.09 versus 0.19 ± 0.09 ( P =.01); and survival 0.18 ± 0.07 versus 0.43 ± 0.11 ( P Conclusions: Symptomatic congestive heart-failure patients were clustered into symptom-sensitive and survival-sensitive segments in a manner suggesting that treatment outcomes of improved symptoms were of greater importance to the majority than longer survival. A full understanding of these individual preferences may have important implications for the design of therapy for heart-failure patients.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition reveals novel biological functions of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs).

Early on, intriguing biological activities were found associated with the EETs using in vitro systems. Although the EETs other than the 5,6-isomer, are quite stable chemically, they are quickly degraded enzymatically with the sEH accounting in many cases for much of the metabolism. This rapid degradation often made it difficult to associate biological effects with the administration of EETs and other lipid epoxides particularly in vivo. Thus, it is the power to inhibit the sEH that has facilitated the demonstration of many physiological processes associated with EETs and possibly other epoxy fatty acids. In the last few years it has become clear that major roles of the EETs include modulation of blood pressure and modulation of inflammatory cascades. There are a number of other physiological functions now associated with the EETs including angiogenesis, neurohormone release, cell proliferation, G protein signaling, modulation of ion channel activity, and a variety of effects associated with modulation of NFκB. More recently we observed a role of the EETs as modulated by sEHI in reducing non-neuropathic pain. The array of biological effects observed with sEHI illustrates the power of modulating the degradation of chemical mediators in addition to the modulation of their biosynthesis, receptor binding and signal transduction. Many of these biological effects can be modulated by sEHIs but also by the natural eicosanoids and their mimics all of which offer therapeutic potential.
Linearized Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator

A novel configuration of electrooptic intensity modulator based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with ring resonators coupled to each arm is proposed and analyzed theoretically. It is shown that this configuration offers a large improvement in modulation linearity with no requirements for complicated and precise electrical control.
The impact of the π-conjugation length on the three-photon absorption cross-section of fluorene derivatives

We report the effect of pi-conjugation length on three-photon absorption cross-section of fluorene derivatives with different structural motifs. We demonstrate that three-photon absorption is enhanced by extending the conjugated bridge of those systems.
Comparison of bedside ultrasound and panorex radiography in the diagnosis of a dental abscess in the ED

Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to compare bedside ultrasound (US) and panorex radiography in the diagnosis of a dental abscess in emergency department (ED). Methods A retrospective review of ED records of adult patients with atraumatic facial pain, swelling, and toothache who received a panorex x-ray and bedside US was performed. Medical records were reviewed for ED evaluation and disposition. Sensitivity and specificity of US and panorex x-ray were calculated to determine the clinical utility of the 2 tests. Results A total of 19 patients were identified. No periapical abscess was reported on panorex x-rays in 7 (37%) of 19 patients. Ultrasound agreed with panorex x-rays in 6 (86%) of 7 cases. One case where US disagreed with x-rays was evaluated by dentistry consultants; and incision and drainage were performed, confirming the presence of an abscess. An x-ray diagnosis of periapical abscess was made in 12 (63%) of 19 patients. Ultrasound agreed with panorex x-ray in 10 (83%) of 12 cases. In 1 of the 2 cases where US disagreed with panorex x-rays, x-ray abnormalities were reported on the nonsymptomatic side. The other patient was given antibiotics and recommended outpatient follow-up. Follow-up information was not available to further confirm the presence of an abscess. Assuming that the patient who was lost to follow-up had dental abscess, the sensitivity and specificity of US in diagnosing a dental abscess were 92% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions Bedside US is nonionizing, is readily available, and can provide an alternative to panorex x-rays in the evaluation of a dental abscess in ED.
The End of the gamble: the termination of the Virginia Lotteries in March 1621

The sudden cancellation of the Virginia lotteries during the first sitting of the parliament of 1621 was not part of a general parliamentary attack on monopolies but a calculated political act intended to pressure the Virginia Company of London to pay more taxes than required by its charter of 1612. The appropriate context for considering the cancellation is the financial difficulties of James I and the search for funds by Sir Lionel Cranfield. The cancellation coincided with a rejection of a new charter for the company, possibly incited by Count Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador in England. The cancellation of the lotteries was the most important turning point in the history of Jamestown and started the company on its downward spiral.
Analytic expression for the fringe field of finite pole-tip length recording heads

Previous computations based on a conformal transformation are used as a guide in selecting a plausible magnetic scalar potential at the surface of the head. An analytic expression for the horizontal component of the field is obtained from this potential. Certain characteristics of the potential and field are discussed.
Serum Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Binding Proteins After Radical Prostatectomy

ABSTRACTPurpose: Elevated serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been consistently shown to be a risk factor for prostate cancer. Alterations in serum IGF-1 binding proteins 1 to 3 have also been associated with prostate cancer risk. A potentially important complication in these studies is that prostate tissue, perhaps especially malignant prostate tissue, may secrete IGF-1 and its binding proteins into serum. In fact, it is possible that altered levels of these proteins observed in subjects at risk for prostate cancer are the result of prostate cancer rather than related to its cause.Materials and Methods: The contribution of prostate cancer to serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1 binding proteins was determined by analyzing serum samples from 86 patients with prostate cancer 2 weeks before and 8 weeks after radical prostatectomy. Preoperative and postoperative values for IGF-1 and its 3 major binding proteins were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis models.Results: On univa...
Strategizing in the Brain

Economic theories, particularly game theory, have been used widely to predict the behavior of markets and corporations. In a new twist, as Camerer explains in his Perspective, neuroscience is now informing game theory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals the regions of the brain that "light up" during the cognitive and emotional events that accompany economic decision-making (Sanfey et al.).
Magnetic Properties of Hitperm (Fe,Co)88Zr7B4Cu1 Nanocrystalline Magnets (Invited)

Alloys consisting of Fe-Co-M-B-Cu (with M = Zr, Hf, Nb), called HITPERM alloys, have been developed. Synchrotron X-radiation studies have been used to show that the ferromagnetic phase in an equiatomic FeCo-based alloy is the α'-FeCo phase. Since both the α'-FeCo phase and the FeCo-based amorphous phase of the nanocrystalline alloy have high Curie temperatures, a high magnetization persists up to the α -> γ structural phase transformation temperature of 980°C. Room temperature AC permeability measurements have shown that the alloys maintain a high permeability of ∼2000 up to a frequency of 20 kHz. The room temperature core loss has also been shown to be competitive with commercial high temperature magnetic alloys with a value of 1 W/g at Bs = 10 kG andf= 10 kHz. Analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data is consistent with a two-phase mixture of nanocrystalline body centered cubic derivative FeCo structure and an amorphous Zr-rich phase. A differential scanning calorimetry study of the primary crystallization reaction shows an activation energy of 323.3 kJ/mol. As a preliminary study of phase and grain stability, broadening of X-ray diffraction peaks indicates little grain growth after annealing at 600 °C for 3072 hours.
Gender association with postoperative hemorrhage patient safety indicator in the United States from 2000 to 2012.

Abstract Introduction Postoperative hemorrhage and hematoma (PHH) is a patient safety indicator (PSI) representing a universal complication for all surgical procedures. This study examined the association between gender and the rates of PHH from 2000 to 2012. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study on PHH incidence from 2000 to 2012 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Pairwise t tests were performed. Odds ratios and P values were calculated, using a Bonferroni-adjusted α threshold, to examine PHH differences by gender. Results Our study revealed that males had significantly greater PHH incidence rates compared to females in every year of the study period ( P Conclusions Contrary to our results, the current literature on PHH largely identifies females as the gender with the greater risk of PHH. Specific to our study, our definition of PHH excludes pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium patients. This finding suggests that pregnancy-related bleeding complications have influenced the current literature and males are the higher risk gender for PHH in nonobstetric procedures.
Developing PbTe-based superlattice structures with enhanced thermoelectric performance

The fabrication of n-type PbTe/PbTe/sub 0.75/Se/sub 0.25/ structures using a simple evaporation technique has yielded high-quality superlattice films, a significant reduction in lattice thermal conductivity and potentially enhanced thermoelectric device performance, compared to standard PbTeSe alloys. The room temperature lattice thermal conductivity of PbTeSe alloys have been reduced by a factor of two or more using PbTe/PbTeSe superlattices in the cross-plane direction. Using this advantage, we have begun characterizing the cross-plane ZT of PbTe/PbTeSe superlattice devices, including the development of appropriate Ohmic contacts for the PbTe-material system. We will discuss various device process technologies for improved Ohmic contacts. The room-temperature measurement of cross-plane figure-of-merit in n-type PbTe/PbTe/sub 0.75/Se/sub 0.25/ device structure by the transient method will be reported. Also, these results will be combined with temperature dependent measurements of in-plane resistivity and Seebeck coefficient to yield evidence of enhanced thermoelectric performance. The results from similar p-type films, as well as preliminary data on heteroepitaxial films grown on Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ will be discussed.
Open Automated Demand Response Technologies for Dynamic Pricing and Smart Grid

We present an Open Automated Demand Response Communications Specifications (OpenADR) data model capable of communicating real-time prices to electricity customers. We also show how the same data model could be used to for other types of dynamic pricing tariffs (including peak pricing tariffs, which are common throughout the United States). Customers participating in automated demand response programs with building control systems can respond to dynamic prices by using the actual prices as inputs to their control systems. Alternatively, prices can be mapped into building operation modes, which can act as inputs to control systems. We present several different strategies customers could use to map prices to operation modes. Our results show that OpenADR can be used to communicate dynamic pricing within the Smart Grid and that OpenADR allows for interoperability with existing and future systems, technologies, and electricity markets.
Determination of an Amazon Hot Reference Target for the On-Orbit Calibration of Microwave Radiometers

Abstract A physically based model is developed to determine hot calibration reference brightness temperatures (TBs) over depolarized regions in the Amazon rain forest. The model can be used to evaluate the end-to-end calibration of any satellite microwave radiometer operating at a frequency between 18 and 40 GHz and angle of incidence between nadir and 55°. The model is constrained by Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) TBs measured at 19.35, 22.2, and 37.0 GHz at a 53° angle of incidence and extrapolates/interpolates those measurements to other frequencies and incidence angles. The rms uncertainty in the physically based model is estimated to be 0.57 K. For instances in which coincident SSM/I measurements are not available, an empirical formula has been fit to the physical model to provide hot reference brightness temperature as a function of frequency, incidence angle, time of day, and day of year. The empirical formula has a 0.1-K rms deviation from the physically based model for annual averaged me...
Brief Report: Assessing Attitudes toward Culturally and Contextually Relevant Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support Strategies:

ABSTRACT: Given the increased interest and implementation of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) systems in schools in the United States, practitioners and researchers have become interested in how to improve implementation with students and staff from a wide range of cultural backgrounds. Fallon, O’Keeffe, and Sugai (2012) reviewed the literature on behavior supports and culture and developed a list of recommended practices. To collect information on the perceived acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of these practices, as well as accessibility to professional development on specific practices, we surveyed school staff members involved in SWPBS implementation across the country. Respondents (n = 330) indicated generally high agreement with the acceptability, feasibility, efficacy, and accessibility of training of culturally and contextually relevant SWPBS recommendations. Variations in these responses are discussed, and recommendations for research and practice are presented.
White/Blue Collar Class Status and Customers’ Preference and Usage Behavior Toward Banking Methods: An Attitude Orientation

Using an attitude orientation, the study focuses on the direct assessment of preference and usage behavior differences toward selected banking methods among consumers who socially perceive themselves as either a blue collar-oriented individual or a white collar person. The findings indicate significant preference pattern differences as well as isolated psychographic and socioeconomic characteristics; but fail to demonstrate conclusive evidence of significant usage behavior differences between the customer groupings.
A comparison of the near field and far field emissions of a Pentium(R) clock IC

This paper describes a set of measurements made on a clock part accepted for use in computer systems. The data shows that near field measurements of the electric and magnetic fields at the surface of the device correlate with far field measurements made on the system in which the device is used. Through this correlation, it is shown that two bench level measurements can help in isolating potential radiated emissions problems before a system test platform may be available for OATS testing. In addition, by providing emissions detail within the die and package, corrections can be made at this level rather than at the PCB level, thereby providing a low cost alternative to EMI mitigation.
Cancer in World Trade Center responders: Findings from multiple cohorts and options for future study

Background Three longitudinal studies of cancer incidence in varied populations of World Trade Center responders have been conducted. Methods We compared the design and results of the three studies. Results Separateanalysesofthesecohortsrevealedexcesscancerincidenceinresponders for all cancers combined and for cancers of the thyroid and prostate. Methodological dissimilarities included recruitment strategies, source of cohort members, demographic characteristics, overlap between cohorts, assessment of WTC and other occupational exposures and confounders, methods and duration of follow-up, approaches for statistical analysis, and latency analyses. Conclusions The presence of three cohorts strengthens the effort of identifying and quantifying the cancer risk; the heterogeneity in design might increase sensitivity to the identification of cancers potentially associated with exposure. The presence and magnitude of an increased cancer risk remains to be fully elucidated. Continued long-term follow up with minimal longitudinal dropout is crucial to achieve this goal. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic Correction and Extension of Morphological Annotations

For languages with complex morphologies, limited resources and tools, and/or lack of standard grammars, developing annotated resources can be a challenging task. Annotated resources developed under time/money constraints for such languages tend to tradeoff depth of representation with degree of noise. We present two methods for automatic correction and extension of morphological annotations, and demonstrate their success on three divergent Egyptian Arabic corpora.
Cardiac Biomarkers: a Focus on Cardiac Regeneration

Historically, biomarkers have been used in two major ways to maintain and improve better health status: first, for diagnostic purposes, and second, as specific targets to treat various diseases. A new era in treatment and even cure for the some diseases using reprograming of somatic cells is about to be born. In this approach, scientists are successfully taking human skin cells (previously considered terminally-differentiated cells) and re-programming them into functional cardiac myocytes and other cell types in vitro. A cell reprograming approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases will revolutionize the field of medicine and significantly expand the human lifetime. Availability of a comprehensive catalogue for cardiac biomarkers is necessary for developing cell reprograming modalities to treat cardiac diseases, as well as for determining the progress of reprogrammed cells as they become cardiac cells. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of the cardiac biomarkers currently known.
Report of Metallurgy Group

The discussion by this group centered on multifilamentary Nb3Sn and the further metallurgical work necessary to improve our understanding of these materials.
Enlightening Ph.D. Students with the Elegance of Logic

This article provides my recollection about how Prof. Jose Meseguer enlightened me to study security problems from the logic perspective. His lectures and advices are having a long term influence on my research career.
Mobile Phone and Social Media Use of Homeless Youth in Denver, Colorado

The purpose of this study was to investigate homeless youth mobile phone and social media use, to plan health promotion efforts. Nearly half (46.7%) of runaway/homeless youth in this sample (n = 181) owned a mobile phone and a majority of those devices were smart phones. Ownership did not vary significantly by shelter location, though regular use of Facebook was more prevalent among those in housing programs or camping, than those living on the streets. Over 90% of youth in the sample reported using Facebook. Such media use might facilitate parent, family, and health provider communications with homeless youth.
Cranial Autonomic Symptoms in Migraine

Cranial autonomic symptoms (CAS) in patients with migraine and cluster headaches (CH) were characterized and compared in a prospective study of consecutive patients attending a headache clinic at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
Capturing the “Real” in Panama’s Canal Ghettos

The ghetto documentaries One dollar: el precio de la vida (Hector Herrera and Joan Cutrina, 2001) and Curundu (Ana Endara Mislov, 2007) unfold over the backdrop of two key moments in Panama’s recent history: the euphoric celebration of the transfer of the Panama Canal from North American to Panamanian control (1999) and the civilian referendum that approved its current expansion project (2006). Both films reframe patriotic discourses that link the waterway’s sovereignty and modernization to the promise of national progress through distinct portraits of historically marginalized canal barrios. By critiquing the “ghetto documentary” genre, Davidson evaluates the filmmakers’ attempts to represent the realities lived in marginalized communities. The films she chooses intentionally or unintentionally lay bare the act of capturing, framing, and interpreting images of violence and precarity. While some ghetto documentaries fall into the stereotypical traps of the genre, others, she argues, manage to push the genre beyond established boundaries.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies Promote Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion by Antagonizing Endothelial NO Synthase Via b2GPI and ApoER2.

Abstract 3039 Poster Board II-1015 The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), with pathogenic aPL directed primarily against the cell surface protein β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI), increased risk for thrombosis and cardiovascular events, and pregnancy morbidity. The endothelium is a critical direct target of aPL, which upregulate adhesion molecule expression and procoagulant activity. However, the molecular basis for aPL actions on endothelium is unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) has potent antiadhesive and antithrombotic properties. In this study we determined if aPL-induced alterations in endothelial cell phenotype are mediated by aPL actions on eNOS. Normal human IgG (NHIgG) and polyclonal aPL were obtained from healthy adults and APS patients, respectively. We found that aPL prevented acetylcholine (Ach)- or VEGF-mediated attenuation of monocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells and this was reversed by an NO donor, indicating a role for eNOS antagonism. In contrast, NHIgG did not affect adhesion. Whereas NHIgG did not alter eNOS activation, stimulation of eNOS by VEGF and other agonists was fully antagonized by aPL. In mice, NO-dependent, Ach-induced increases in carotid vascular conductance were unaffected by NHIgG but impaired by aPL, indicating that these processes are operative in vivo. Additional studies in culture showed that aPL attenuates eNOS activation by inhibiting Ser1179 phosphorylation, deprivation of β2GPI prevented aPL inhibition of eNOS, and monoclonal antibody against β2GPI mimicked the effects of aPL. Furthermore, receptor-associated protein (RAP) antagonism of LDL receptors, which are known to bind dimerized β2GPI, prevented aPL inhibition of eNOS in culture, and mice null for the LDL receptor apolipoprotein receptor 2 (apoER2) were protected from aPL inhibition of eNOS in vivo. Moreover, aPL-stimulated increases in leukocyte-endothelial adhesion were absent in both eNOS-/- and apoER2-/- mice. Thus, aPL-induced increases in leukocyte-endothelial adhesion are caused by eNOS antagonism, which is due to impaired S1179 phosphorylation mediated by β2GPI and apoER2. Novel therapies for APS can now be developed targeting these mechanisms. Disclosures Thomas: NIcox Research Institute: Research Funding. Thorpe: Peregrine Pharm.: Consultancy, sponsored research agreement.
Tongues and the Revelation of Being: Reading Pentecostal Spirituality with Heidegger

Jared Vazquez draws on Heidegger’s understanding of the self-revealing nature of truth and the operation of language, and the affective and bodily in pentecostal experience, particularly speaking in tongues, as they mutually interpret one another. He is able to conclude that Pentecost is a particular way of situating one’s self in the world so that it is an embodied interpretive experience of the world which unconceals and lets be a Pentecostal way of life.
Abstract 253: Di-n-butyl Phthalate: An Indoor Pollutant Induces Murine Macrophages Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, a Potential Atheropathogenesis Modulator

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is used in air fresheners. It is a colorless oily compound which also used for manufacturing bendable plastics. DBP can cause low acute or chronic toxicity; however, the effect of DBP on humans in the form of air fresheners is not well studied. The effect of DBP on the human cardiovascular system has not been studied. Macrophages are involved in atherosclerosis progression and development; murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were used for this study. The macrophages were treated with 10uM, 20uM and 50uM DBP for 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Genes involved in inflammation and antioxidant activity like TNF-a, MCP-1, VCAM-1, NF-kB, PON1, SOCS were analyzed after treatment. macrophages showed statistically significant increases in TNF-alpha expression (p≤ 0.05) after 24 hour treatment with DBP. The expression of NF-kB showed a significant increase in response to DBP treatment (p≤ 0.05) at 24 hours. MCP-1 and VCAM-1 gene expressions were also upregulated after exposure to DBP. Interestingly, catalase gene expression was upregulated in all treatments after 24 hours of exposure however PON-1 gene expression showed differential upregulation responses. Our data clearly suggest that DBP induces inflammation in macrophages. PON1 and catalase upregulated gene expression indicative of a compensatory response to oxidative stress associated with the treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation mediated macrophages responses strongly linked to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
Complete durable response of a pediatric anaplastic oligodendroglioma to temozolomide alone: Case report and review of literature

Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) is rare in children. Treatment typically consists of varying combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. We present a pediatric case of frontal lobe AO with periventricular subcallosal extension and local leptomeningeal involvement. The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type tumor was MGMT methylated and contained an ATRX mutation, BRAF alteration, and 1p/19q co-deletion; a combination of alterations mostly encountered in pediatric oligodendrogliomas. The patient underwent a near total resection and had a complete, durable response to temozolomide alone, suggesting that conservative management without radiation may be appropriate in some cases. We review the literature of this uncommon subtype of glioma in children.
Varicella zoster virus-infected cerebrovascular cells produce a proinflammatory environment.

Objective To test whether varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection of human brain vascular cells and of lung fibroblasts directly increases proinflammatory cytokine levels, consistent with VZV as a causative agent in intracerebral VZV vasculopathy and giant-cell arteritis (GCA). Methods Conditioned supernatant from mock- and VZV-infected human brain vascular adventitial fibroblasts (HBVAFs), human perineurial cells (HPNCs), human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs), and human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLs) were collected at 72 hours postinfection and analyzed for levels of 30 proinflammatory cytokines using the Meso Scale Discovery Multiplex ELISA platform. Results Compared with mock infection, VZV infection led to significantly increased levels of the following: interleukin-8 (IL-8) in all cell lines examined; IL-6 in HBVAFs, HPNCs, and HFLs, with no change in HBVSMCs; and vascular endothelial growth factor A in HBVAFs, HBVSMCs, and HFLs, with a significant decrease in HPNCs. Other cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-15, IL-16, TGF-b, Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-3, IP-10, MCP-1, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, were also significantly altered upon VZV infection in a cell type-specific manner. Conclusions VZV infection of vascular cells can directly produce a proinflammatory environment that may potentially lead to prolonged arterial wall inflammation and vasculitis. The VZV-mediated increase in IL-8 and IL-6 is consistent with that seen in the CSF of patients with intracerebral VZV vasculopathy, and the VZV-mediated increase in IL-6 is consistent with the cytokine's elevated levels in temporal arteries and plasma of patients with GCA.
Aerial release of Rhinoncomimus latipes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to control Persicaria perfoliata (Polygonaceae) using an unmanned aerial system.

BACKGROUND Rhinoncomimus latipes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major biological control agent against the invasive plant, Persicaria perfoliata. Release of R. latipes is challenging with the current visit-and-hand release approach because P. perfoliata shows a high degree of patchiness in the landscape, possesses recurved barbs on its stems, and often spreads into hard-to-access areas. This 3-year study developed and evaluated unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for precise aerial release and survivorship of R. latipes against P. perfoliata. RESULTS We have developed two UAS (i.e. quad-rotor and tri-rotor) and an aerial release system to disseminate R. latipes. These consist of pods containing R. latipes and a dispenser to accommodate eight pods. Results of field tests to evaluate the systems showed no significant (P > 0.05) effects on survivorship and feeding ability of R. latipes after aerial release. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the potential of UAS for precision aerial release of biological control agents to control invasive plants. The aerial deployment systems we have developed, including both pods and a dispenser, are low cost, logistically practical, and effective with no negative effects on aerially released R. latipes.
New Directions in Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Research

This chapter contains two messages. One message is methodological and conceptual. Aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) research strategies must be powerful enough to forge generalizations about instruction. In the future, more treatments should involve learning through instruction rather than learning through practice, be longer in duration, and be more realistic, educationally. The other message is substantive. Aptitude-treatment interactions exist and can be practically important. In addition to being directly useful in instruction, ATI effects can suggest mechanisms in learning from instruction that can be the basis of a framework for learning-from-instruction theory.