cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrical and Thermal Characterization of Membrane-Isolated, Antenna-Coupled, TES Bolometers for the SPIDER Experiment

We have fabricated and measured the thermal and DC electrical properties of transition-edge sensing (TES) bolometers to be employed on the SPIDER experiment, a balloon-based observatory for studying the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The bolometers consist of Al and Ti thermistors in series and a termination resistor which couples to an on-chip, polarization sensitive, 150 GHz slot-array antenna through a superconducting microstrip transmission line. Several important parameters were measured. Transition temperature measurements were performed by measuring the Johnson noise in the Ti thermistor. Current-voltage characteristic measurements were performed at various temperatures allowing for the deduction of the thermal conductance and the temperature coefficient of resistance. Electrical noise equivalent power was measured to sub-Hertz frequencies. Finally, the time constant of the bolometers was measured within the Al and Ti transitions where electrothermal feedback speeds up the bolometer response compared with the natural time constant measured just above the Ti transition temperature. The results of these measurements are within the design specifications for SPIDER.
Statistical Theory of Unimolecular Reactions and Intramolecular Dynamics

In the present lecture we review experimental and theoretical developments in the field of intramolecular dynamics during the past sixty years. In a concluding section we consider possible implications for intramolecular laser selective chemistry.
In vivo and in vitro localization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 and their receptors in the bullfrog vestibular end organs

The inner ear sensory epithelia of vertebrates are composed mainly of supporting cells and hair cells (HCs). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) are trophins that are believed to play an essential role in the development and innervation of inner ear epithelia. Both trophins also may play a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of hair cells in the adult vertebrate ear. In the bullfrog vestibular system, hair cells are produced throughout life, and the epithelia regenerates following ototoxicity. The expression of BDNF and FGF-2 in the vestibular organs of the adult bullfrog was investigated at a cellular level both in histological sections and in vitro in dissociated cell cultures. In histological sections of the crista ampullaris, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that HCs express both BDNF and its receptor trkB, while the supporting cells express the receptor trkB alone. Following dissociation and in vitro cell culture no changes in the pattern of BDNF and trkB receptor were observed. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that in vivo hair cells express FGF-2 and the receptors FGFR-1 and FGFR-2 while supporting cells do not express either molecule. Following dissociation, HCs continue to express FGF-2 and its two receptors, while supporting cells upregulate the expression of FGF-2 and its receptor FGFR-2. These data confirm the potential role of BDNF and FGF-2 trophic regulation of the sensory epithelia of the adult inner ear. The findings suggest that BDNF has a role in the maintenance of the vestibular epithelia while FGF-2 may regulate the proliferation of supporting cells.
Demonstration of using crossed dipole GPR antennae for site characterization

Crossed dipole (cross-pole) and parallel dipole (co-pole) GPR data were acquired at an industrial site that formerly operated as a creosote wood treating facility in order to locate buried pipes and tanks or other possible contaminant-filled subsurface structures. Cross-pole data are not typically considered during GPR field studies, but proved essential for accurate site characterization at this location, as images produced using co-pole data had a poor signal to noise ratio. Data interpretations were confirmed through exploratory trenching conducted subsequent to this study. The GPR data proved successful in locating back-filled trenches that contained creosote-filled drainage tile, as well as vaults and a pit filled with pure creosote product at the site.
Optical time-domain reflectometry in optical fiber with reflection delay time matched to the period of the optical frequency modulation

A method of optical time-domain reflectrometry in optical fiber is described that uses a single distributed feedback diode laser and a reference reflector. When the period of the frequency modulation of the laser matches the time difference between the reference reflection and the reflection of interest an increase in the noise at the detector occurs. The locations of reflections within the fiber are then mapped to frequencies at which the noise at the detector increases. A sinusoidal frequency modulation is analyzed, and an experiment is described in which the system is used to measure the location and the wavelength of two Bragg gratings located 10 cm apart in an optical fiber. Wavelength measurement is accomplished by temperature tuning the diode laser.
Nitrogen Biogeochemistry in the Caribbean Sponge, Xestospongia muta: A Source or Sink of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen?

Background Sponges have long been known to be ecologically important members of the benthic fauna on coral reefs. Recently, it has been shown that sponges are also important contributors to the nitrogen biogeochemistry of coral reefs. The studies that have been done show that most sponges are net sources of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; NH4+ and NO3−) and that nitrification, mediated by their symbiotic prokaryotes, is the primary process involved in supplying DIN to adjacent reefs.
Becoming Home Schoolers

Dissatisfaction, rather than anticipation, leads parents to home schooling. They are not well prepared, and their knowledge of instructional materials and methods is limited.
Interaction of Myofibrillar and Preheated Soy Proteins

Soy protein isolate (SPI) was preheated at 90 °C and 95 °C for 3 min to obtain preheated samples, SPI 90 and SPI 95 , respectively. The preheat treatment increased protein hydrophobicity and decreased the aggregation of 118 acidic and basic subunits. The 78 and 118 soy proteins exhibited a decreased thermal stability when mixed with pork myofibrillar protein isolate (MPI). The presence of preheated SPI accelerated the disappearance of myosin heavy chain in the gelling process. Incorporation of preheated SPI significantly increased the MPI gel elasticity and hardness white native SPI showed negative effects.
A simulation study of the efficacy of stepwise discriminant analysis in the detection and comparison of event related potentials.

Abstract Cortical average evoked potentials were simulated by summing five damped sinusoids. The characteristics of these “evoked” responses could be manipulated by changing parameters of the sinusoids. The synthesized signals were mixed with noise processes whose power and band-width were manipulated. Thus data were generated to stimulate a variety of conditions which could conceivably occur in an experiment on evoked potentials. Stepwise discriminant analysis (BMD07M) has been applied to these simulated data in an attempt to determine the degree to which the program identifies, in a sensible manner, the differences we introduced into the synthesized evoked responses. The simulation results indicate that stepwise discriminant analysis can indeed be an efficacious tool in research on evoked potentials. The program does detect differences in evoked potentials. It can be used, with some reservations, to identify the components of an evoked potential which the experimental variables have affected. In a special set of simulations we have attempted to determine the degree to which stepwise discriminant analysis could serve to detect the presence or absence of an evoked potential. These simulations show that the score of an average evoked potential on the suitable discriminant function reflects the presence or absence of the evoked potential in the data. The implications of this finding to the use of evoked potentials in sensory sensitivity testing were evaluated in studies of the effect on them of stimulus intensity
Human sperm superoxide anion generation and correlation with semen quality in patients with male infertility.

Objective To measure levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including H 2 O 2 and O 2 .− generation in infertile men and determine whether sperm quality is correlated with levels of ROS triggered by the exogenous reduced form of β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Design Prospective study. Setting Male infertility clinic at a tertiary healthcare center. Patient(s) Eleven infertile men and six healthy donors. Intervention(s) Chemiluminescence assay using luminol and lucigenin as probes before and after incubating sperm samples with 5 mM and 10 mM of NADPH. Main outcome measure(s) The ROS generation (10 6 counted photons per minute/10 6 sperm). Result(s) Baseline levels of O 2 .− generation were significantly higher in the infertile patients than in the healthy donors (r = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [median (25th, 75th percentiles): 0.73 (0.5, 5.5) vs. 0.2 (0.0, 0.5)] when lucigenin was used as the probe. Compared with basal levels, O 2 .− generation was significantly higher after coincubation with NADPH (5 mM and 10 mM) in the entire combined study population, and patients only but not donors. The O 2 .− generation was negatively correlated with sperm concentration (r = −0.75, 95% CI 0.38–1), motility (r = −0.69, 95% CI 0.28–1), and percentage of normal morphology (r = −0.78, 95% CI 0.36–1). Conclusion(s) Spermatozoa from infertile men produce higher levels of O 2 .− in the presence of exogenous NADPH compared to healthy donors. The ability of spermatozoa to generate O 2 .− increases as the semen quality declines.
Serum lipid profiles are associated with disability and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis

The breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier vascular endothelium is critical for entry of immune cells into the MS brain. Vascular co-morbidities are associated with increased risk of progression. Dyslipidemia, elevated LDL and reduced HDL may increase progression by activating inflammatory processes at the vascular endothelium. To assess the associations of serum lipid profile variables (triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL) and total cholesterol) with disability and MRI measures in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study included 492 MS patients (age: 47.1 ± 10.8 years; disease duration: 12.8 ± 10.1 years) with baseline and follow-up Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) assessments after a mean period of 2.2 ± 1.0 years. The associations of baseline lipid profile variables with disability changes were assessed. Quantitative MRI findings at baseline were available for 210 patients. EDSS worsening was associated with higher baseline LDL (p = 0.006) and total cholesterol (p = 0.001, 0.008) levels, with trends for higher triglyceride (p = 0.025); HDL was not associated. A similar pattern was found for MSSS worsening. Higher HDL levels (p < 0.001) were associated with lower contrast-enhancing lesion volume. Higher total cholesterol was associated with a trend for lower brain parenchymal fraction (p = 0.033). Serum lipid profile has modest effects on disease progression in MS. Worsening disability is associated with higher levels of LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Higher HDL is associated with lower levels of acute inflammatory activity.
A unified analysis of multirate and periodically time-varying digital filters

A unified approach to the analysis of periodically timevarying digital filters is introduced. It is shown that this method may be used to describe both time and frequency domain responses. By considering multirate filters as a special class of periodically time-varying filters we have characterized the frequency response of a general multirate filter. A time domain synthesis procedure for periodically varying difference equations is also presented.
SAMHD1 Has Differential Impact on the Efficacies of HIV Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Sterile alpha motif- and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) limits HIV-1 replication by hydrolyzing deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) necessary for reverse transcription. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are components of anti-HIV therapies. We report here that SAMHD1 cleaves NRTI triphosphates (TPs) at significantly lower rates than dNTPs and that SAMHD1 depletion from monocytic cells affects the susceptibility of HIV-1 infections to NRTIs in complex ways that depend not only on the relative changes in dNTP and NRTI-TP concentrations but also on the NRTI activation pathways.
Profiling structured product labeling with NDF-RT and RxNorm

Structured Product Labeling (SPL) is a document markup standard approved by Health Level Seven (HL7) and adopted by United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a mechanism for exchanging drug product information. The SPL drug labels contain rich information about FDA approved clinical drugs. However, the lack of linkage to standard drug ontologies hinders their meaningful use. NDF-RT (National Drug File Reference Terminology) and NLM RxNorm as standard drug ontology were used to standardize and profile the product labels. In this paper, we present a framework that intends to map SPL drug labels with existing drug ontologies: NDF-RT and RxNorm. We also applied existing categorical annotations from the drug ontologies to classify SPL drug labels into corresponding classes. We established the classification and relevant linkage for SPL drug labels using the following three approaches. First, we retrieved NDF-RT categorical information from the External Pharmacologic Class (EPC) indexing SPLs. Second, we used the RxNorm and NDF-RT mappings to classify and link SPLs with NDF-RT categories. Third, we profiled SPLs using RxNorm term type information. In the implementation process, we employed a Semantic Web technology framework, in which we stored the data sets from NDF-RT and SPLs into a RDF triple store, and executed SPARQL queries to retrieve data from customized SPARQL endpoints. Meanwhile, we imported RxNorm data into MySQL relational database. In total, 96.0% SPL drug labels were mapped with NDF-RT categories whereas 97.0% SPL drug labels are linked to RxNorm codes. We found that the majority of SPL drug labels are mapped to chemical ingredient concepts in both drug ontologies whereas a relatively small portion of SPL drug labels are mapped to clinical drug concepts. The profiling outcomes produced by this study would provide useful insights on meaningful use of FDA SPL drug labels in clinical applications through standard drug ontologies such as NDF-RT and RxNorm.
Satellite observations of intense intraseasonal cooling events in the tropical south Indian Ocean

[1] Intense intraseasonal cooling events in the tropical south Indian Ocean are examined using eight years of TRMM observations. These events occur almost every year during austral summer when the intertropical convergence zone is displaced south of the equator and roughly collocated with a thermocline ridge. Composite maps of SST, OLR and surface winds, based on eleven cooling events with SST exceeding 1°C, suggest that reduced solar radiation, enhanced evaporation and possibly strong entrainment over the thermocline ridge all play a role in the SST cooling. OLR and covariability in SST exhibit latitudinal variations in spectrum. A distinct southern mode around 10°S–5°S exhibits a peak in coherence-squared at a period of 65 days. In contrast, an equatorially symmetric mode has a coherence-squared peak at 35 days. This may hint at a possible feedback onto the atmosphere from strong intraseasonal SST variability over the south Indian Ocean.
Effect of gender and defensive opponent on the biomechanics of sidestep cutting

MCLEAN, S. G., S. W. LIPFERT, and A. J. VAN DEN BOGERT. Effect of Gender and Defensive Opponent on the Biomechanics of Sidestep Cutting. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 1008 –1016, 2004. Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur in women during cutting maneuvers to evade a defensive player. Gender differences in knee kinematics have been observed, but it is not known to what extent these are linked to abnormal neuromuscular control elsewhere in the kinetic chain. Responses to defense players, which may be gender-dependent, have not been included in previous studies. This study determined the effects of gender and defense player on entire lower extremity biomechanics during sidestepping. Methods: Eight male and eight female subjects performed sidestep cuts with and without a static defensive opponent while 3D motion and ground reaction force data were recorded. Peak values of eight selected motion and force variables were, as well as their between-trial variabilities, submitted to a two-way (defense gender) ANOVA. A Bonferroni-corrected alpha level of 0.003 denoted statistical significance. Results: Females had less hip and knee flexion, hip and knee internal rotation, and hip abduction. Females had higher knee valgus and foot pronation angles, and increased variability in knee valgus and internal rotation. Increased medial ground reaction forces and flexion and abduction in the hip and knee occurred with the defensive player for both genders. Conclusions: A simulated defense player causes increased lower limb movements and forces, and should be a useful addition to laboratory protocols for sidestepping. Gender differences in the joint kinematics suggest that increased knee valgus may contribute to ACL injury risk in women, and that the hip and ankle may play an important role in controlling knee valgus during sidestepping. Consideration of the entire lower extremity contributes to an understanding of injury mechanisms and may lead to better training programs for injury prevention. Key Words: ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT, INJURY, LOWER LIMB KINEMATICS, SIMULATED DEFENSE, FEMALES, NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL
Mass spectra of some aminonaphthyridines and aminoquinolines

The mass spectra of all the aminoquinolines, the 2–, 3– and 4-amino-1,5-naphthyridines, some amino-1,6-naphthyridines, and two amino-1,8-naphthyridines with methyl substituents are reported. The major fragment in the aminoquinolines is formed by the loss of HCN from the molecular ion. The most abundant fragment in the aminonaphthyridines is formed by the loss of HCN from the molecular ion except in the 2-amino-1,5-naphthyridine isomer. In both 1,8-naphthyridine isomers investigated, the loss of C2H2 is an alternate fragmentation pathway of significance. In all of the compounds investigated, the loss of the primary amino group from the molecular ion was found to be an insignificant fragmentation.
Identification and distribution of tumor necrosis factor alpha receptors in pig corpora lutea.

This study examined whether the pig CL contains specific tumor necrosis factor (TNFa) receptors and compared the binding affinities and capacities of small and large cell membranes. Aliquots of membranes, isolated from intact or dispersed luteal tissue, were homogenized, and membrane protein content was quantified. Luteal membranes were assayed for specific TNFao binding by displacement analysis, with use of ["2I]TNFa and varying concentrations of unlabeled TNFoa. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that TNFa binding was maximal after incubation at 22 0 C for 180 min. In addition, [25I]TNFa binding was displaced by TNFot, but not by other cytokines. Small cell membranes contained a TNFa binding site with an affinity (K4 = 11.6-19 nM) different (p < 0.05) from that of the binding site on large cell membranes (K, = 56.2-99.6 nM). TNFao binding capacities were similar in small and large cell membranes. These data demonstrate that pig CL contain specific, saturable TNFa binding sites. The higher-affinity binding sites were localized in the small cell population, which contains predominantly endothelial cells and small luteal cells, suggesting that TNFa acts primarily on one or both of these cell types within the CL.
New architectures for low-power delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter

Two recently developed architectures, both applying an internal coupling of the quantization noise, are described. They allow higher-order noise shaping with high linearity and robust performance. Implemented examples of the proposed structures are described to verify their effectiveness.
Non-Pathogenicity of Gonococci for Larger Animals.

SummaryVaginal and conjunctival inoculations of a pure culture of Neisseria gonorrheœ in cattle, sheep, swine, goats and the horse have failed to produce any infection demonstrable by repeated cultures.
“Omics” data and levels of evidence for biomarker discovery

With the development of new technologies for assaying biological activity on a global basis in experimental samples, various new “-omics” signatures have been developed to predict disease progression. Such signatures hold the potential to alter the nature of clinical management of human disease. In this article, we describe some necessary statistical considerations needed to take these signatures from the discovery phase to a clinically useful assay. Much of the work discussed is in the area of cancer.
Analysis of film cooling performance of advanced tripod hole geometries with and without manufacturing features

Abstract The present study evaluates the film cooling performance of a set of manufacturable tripod hole designs, with and without shaped exits. The tripod holes with realistic manufacturing features included rounded corners at the hole inlet and outlet, as well as a webbing between the tripod holes. Standard cylindrical and shaped cylindrical (10° fan + laidback) holes were also studied for comparative analysis. Transient heat transfer experiments with a mainstream Re d ≈ 3200 were conducted on a flat plate test rig. Different hole geometries were tested at equal mass flow rates, corresponding to a range of blowing ratios equal to 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 for the cylindrical hole. IR (Infrared) thermography was used to evaluate adiabatic film cooling effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient, and the normalized heat flux on the flat surface. Results showed that the presence of rounded corners or webbing did not lower the performance of the tripod cooling holes. Both tripod hole geometries, with and without manufacturing features, yielded higher film cooling effectiveness compared to the cylindrical holes and slightly higher effectiveness than the shaped holes, while consuming 50% less coolant when operating at the same blowing ratio. The heat transfer coefficient measurements and the overall heat flux ratios further corroborated the thermal advantages of the tripod hole design over traditional cylindrical and shaped holes.
Will Bivalirudin Have an Impact in Peripheral Vascular Interventions

The use of endovascular therapy for obstructive lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) has grown dramatically during the past 2 decades.1 Vascular specialists from a variety of backgrounds—surgical, medical, radiological, and other—converge on the treatment of these patients with PAD, each bringing unique technical, cognitive, and clinical insights from their respective fields of expertise. As interventional cardiologists have increasingly engaged in peripheral vascular intervention (PVI), they too have imported strategies and insights from a wealth of experience in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to PVI.1 Chief among such insights is the desire to optimize periprocedural anticoagulation, minimizing procedure-related thrombosis and bleeding, which characterize the routine use of unfractionated heparin (UFH). See Article by Kimmelstiel et al Bivalirudin has natural appeal for PVI because comparative studies in PCI demonstrated reduction in clinically significant bleeding with bivalirudin compared with UFH±glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) therapy.2–4 Although bivalirudin has been studied extensively in PCI, far less evidence exists for its potential advantage in PVI. Small studies suggest that bivalirudin may be safely and effectively used in renal and iliac artery interventions, but larger, randomized controlled trials are needed to compare its utility with UFH.5 Although bivalirudin with GPI was shown to be safe in PVI for critical limb ischemia (CLI), no statistical advantage was found compared with UFH.6 Fortunately, the large randomized controlled Endovascular Interventions With AngioMAX (ENDOMAX, ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01913483) clinical trial comparing bivalirudin versus UFH in PVI in ≈4000 patients has completed enrollment, with results anticipated in the next year. At present, UFH represents the dominant anticoagulant strategy in PVI. The relatively higher cost of bivalirudin—even in generic formulation because of expiration of the US patent—may impede its broader adoption in PVI. In addition, because revascularization of chronic total occlusions is common in PVI, the lack …
Resilience analytics with disruption of preferences and lifecycle cost analysis for energy microgrids

Abstract Innovative technologies are presenting opportunities to improve resilience of energy plans for industrial and military installations. The investment rationale is complicated by uncertain future conditions across the system lifecycle, including technology, climate, economy, and others. This paper introduces resilience analytics with scenario-based preferences as follows. Risk is addressed here as the degree of disruption of priorities for investments in engineering systems. The particular concern of this paper is disruption from shifts in public values, and to evaluate the resilience of investment plans to such shifts. It recognizes resilience models as compilations of instantaneous framings of initiatives, objectives, stakeholder preferences, and uncertainties. Problem frames can be considered in series, where inputs to frames are the outputs of previous frames. Or frames can be considered in parallel, featuring joint inputs while addressing differing questions. This paper presents a case study of resilience analytics focusing on two quantitative frames. In the first frame, scenario-based preferences are used to identify combinations of factors disruptive to energy innovation at installations. In the second frame, estimation of lifecycle costs is performed with respect to factors that were identified as influential in the previous frame.
Comparison between clinical response and in vitro drug sensitivity of primary human tumors in the adhesive tumor cell culture system

The newly described adhesive tumor cell culture system (ATCCS) offers a distinct advantage over other assays in that it has a high plating efficiency requiring low cell inoculum, it affords workable assays in approximately 70% of specimens from the heterogenous tumor types, and it has the ability to assay up to nine drugs at four different concentrations. Clinical correlations based on the ATCCS were obtained in 65 patients undergoing 71 clinical trials. Patients with melanoma, lung cancer, and sarcoma dominated the group. The most active in vitro drug was correlated per clinical trial. Thirteen of 17 (76%) sensitive in vitro predictions and 51 of 54 (94%) resistant in vitro predictions were accurate. The assay in this study had a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 93%. These preliminary results are encouraging and warrant prospective trials to establish the true value of this assay to patients.
From Necessary Chances to Biological Laws

AbstractIn this article, I propose a new way of thinking about natural necessity and a new way of thinking about biological laws. I suggest that much of the lack of progress in making a positive ca...
Preparation, characterization, and antigenicity of a saline soluble fraction from Shigella types.

SummaryA procedure for the extraction of a saline soluble fraction from Shigella species is described. Each of the 3 extracts protects mice against massive challenge with the homologous strain of Shigella. Heterologous protection is of low order or insignificant. A 1:10 dilution of the extracts reduces the toxicity while retaining the essential protective properties. A polyvalent extract has been prepared containing a 1:10 dilution of each of the 3 extracts. Preliminary chemical characterization indicates a nondialyzable carbohydrate-containing compound with small amounts of nitrogen present.
Flucytosine kinetics in subjects with normal and impaired renal function

Kinetics and bioavailability of flucytosine were studied in 5 subjects with normal renalfunction. Kinetic parameters and absorption were compared after a 500-mg dose administered in the following manner: intravenously, aqueous solution, and capsules while fasting; capsules after meals; and capsules with antacid. Encapsulation, food, and antacid decreased the absorption rate constant but the total amount absorbed orally did not differ significantly. Bioavailability assessed by the urinary recovery or comparison of the AUCo to AUCiv on the average showed 76% to 89% oral absorption. In 3 patients on hemodialysis, the serum concentrations in the β-phase following oral flucytosine in capsules during fasting were in the same range as those after a comparable intravenous dose. The mean steady-state distribution volume (Vdss) was 0.679 L/kg in normal subjects and ranged between 0.413 and 0.706 L/kg in 9 patients with renal failure. The mean t½β was 4.2 hr in normal subjects and the renal clearance was comparable to creatinine clearance. In renal failure, a linear regression analysis showed the t½β (hr) to be numerically about 5 times the steady-state serum creatinine concentration (mg/dl). Under the conditions of the study, hemodialyzer clearance of flucytosine was rapid and similar to creatinine hemodialyzer clearance. Computer simulation based on the measured pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated that a loading dose (20 mg/kg) after dialysis should result in therapeutic plasma concentrations for susceptible organisms and avoid toxic levels.
Analysis on the surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases in Baoji City,Shanxi Province(2007-2011)

Objective To understand the epidemic situation and features of STD in Baoji City,and provide basis for the development of control measures.Methods According to "National STD epidemic management work assessment score quarterly and annual(Trial)",and "National STD epidemic computer management system software",the data were statistically analyzed.Results From 2007 to 2011,the total number of STD incidence was 3 577 cases in Baoji City,the average annual incidence rate was 19.23/100 000,and the 5 most popular kinds of STDs were: genital warts,syphilis,nongonococcal urethritis,gonorrhea and genital herpes.Conclusions The growth of the rate of STD was generally slowed down in Baoji City,however,syphilis epidemic was significantly increased.
Definition of WGMOA and New Technical Condition and Requirements

This paper presents that the operation condition in 3 ~ 500 kV and 220 ~ 380 V power network for WGMOA (SPD that contains MOV-the over voltage protector of metal oxide nonlinear resistance) without discharge gap and with the series discharge gap is different, and the most of operation condition is in internal over voltage, not only in prevention of lightning faults. So, WGMOA in Chinese should not be "AC metal oxide arrester without gap ", should be named for "AC metal oxide protector without gap . To guarantee WGMOA in duration of the service expectation, the tests of I-T and V-t characteristics should be carried out in type test, and type record should offer the value of energy resource ( kJ) or ratio energy (kJ/ kV, U,) value and the allowable voltage in the scope of 0.05 s to 24 h at the different duration. For the needs of insulation co-ordination with protective objects (such as power transformer etc. ) , type record of WGMOA (SPD that contains MOV) should offer volt-ampere ( V-I) characteristic to user.
Homozygous hemoglobin C disease in siblings: further comment on intraerythrocytic crystals.

1. Two Negro brothers with homozygous hemoglobin C disease are reported. In one splenectomy was performed. 2. Intraerythrocytic crystals in smears of peripheral blood were demonstrated only in the patient who had splenectomy. The crystals could not be found in re-examination of bone marrow preparations of this patient that were made prior to splenectomy. 3. Absence of the spleen may be a necessary factor for the formation of these crystals. 4. The presence of homozygous C disease is compatible with a normal life span.
Minima and Maxima

Some years ago I took part in an international meeting of philosophers. Of the 180 thinkers who attended, many took the occasion to showcase their values. Socialism was still much bruited in those days, and several speakers scrapped their prepared remarks to sing its praises. Many still imagined, despite Friedrich Hayek's cogent argument in The Road to Serfdom , that civil rights and human flourishing could be safe and well served under socialism – or only under socialism. Some thought basic liberties survivable even in a one-party state, where law and politics, the media and means of production, science, inquiry, and the arts, the councils of labor and sources of capital, the vehicles of distribution, stewardship of the land, and regulation of the marketplace were all gripped in a single set of hands. In that forum, I admired Hilary Putnam's courageous confession that socialist promises were “now universally discredited.” Because this was an intercultural meeting, many of the philosophers celebrated relativism and its promised yield in tolerance and accommodation. Bimal Matilal, whom I remembered as a handsome young scholar at Oxford but who was now broken in health and pushed in a wheelchair by his wife, worked with spirit to distinguish relativism from pluralism. Keenly aware of the variance in the particularities of practice from one culture to the next, he scanned the traditions of India for norms worthy of universal adherence. He singled out respect for life, deference to truth, abhorrence of theft, and rejection of adultery. In each case he drew specific prescriptions from the broad norms he culled from India's rich religious and philosophical array. Although he cited Hindu and Buddhist scriptures and the spiritual wisdom of Gandhi, he strove not to rely on divine prescriptions.
Cryoneedles (for Extra and Intra-lesional Use)

Needles come as open, closed, where the liquid nitrogen (LN) circulates through, and may be blunt or beveled sharp like a hypodermic needle, straight or bent. The open ones are ideal for spraying into body cavities that are otherwise hard to reach; the sharp ones can be passed through the bulk of a tumor or a keloid to ablate it from within. Bent needles can spray over lesions at awkward locations behind structures not reachable with straight ones.
The Demographic Legacy

Once the Census Board became part of state government, its staff became permanent and more professionalized over time. The statutory basis on which the Board was based was enlarged over time and this continued after it moved to state government. This chapter traces these developments and identifies key players involved in them.
Initial Body Position and Total Body Reaction Time

(1953). Initial Body Position and Total Body Reaction Time. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 91-96.
Security and privacy threats to on-chip non-volatile memories and countermeasures

Non-volatile memories (NVMs) such as Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STTRAM) have drawn significant attention due to complete elimination of bitcell leakage. In addition to the plethora of benefits such as density, non-volatility, low-power and high speed, majority of Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) are also compatible with CMOS technology enabling easy integration. Although promising, NVM brings new security challenges that were absent in their conventional volatile memory counterparts such as Static RAM (SRAM) and embedded Dynamic RAM (eDRAM). The root cause is persistent data that may allow the adversary to retrieve sensitive information like password or cryptographic keys. This is primarily due to the fundamental dependency of these memory technologies on environmental parameters such as magnetic fields and temperature which can be exploited by the adversary to tamper with the stored data. This paper investigates the data security and privacy challenges in NVMs by exploring the security specific properties and novel security primitives realized using spintronic building blocks. A thorough analysis is done on the vulnerabilities, data security and privacy issues, threats and possible countermeasures to enable safe computing environment using spintronics.
Carl Gauss’ Great Idea

With what he later considered as his most profound intellectual contribution, the 17-sided regular polygon solution, at hand, Gauss began his most practical explorations in support of a profession that would earn his family a reliable income. In 1800, the Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi (16 July 1746–22 July 1826), a mathematician by training, had been appointed to catalog celestial bodies in a compilation called the Palermo Catalogue of Stars. On the first day of 1801, he claimed he discovered a new planet, the Ceres, in between Mars and Jupiter in what we now know as the asteroid belt.
Ampelisca mississippiana : a new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Mississippi Canyon (Northern Gulf of Mexico)

A new ampeliscid species (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) was recovered in high densities from a depth of about 480 m at the Mississippi Canyon (28 32' N, 89 49' W). Ampelisca mississippiana is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from the head of the canyon, where the species formed an ampeliscid mat with average densities of 12,000 ind. m -2 . Ampelisca mississippiana resembles A. pugetica Stimpson, 1864, and A. mexicana Barnard, 1954a, but differs in the shape of the head, absence of corneal lenses, relative lengths of antennae 1 and 2, shape of the segments of pereopods 7, and shape of the carina of the urosome. The new species also resembles Ampelisca uncinata Chevreux, 1887, but differs in the shape of the head, the dorsal carina of pleon segment 4, features of some segments of pereopod 7, the second uropod and the mouthparts.
Nitrite Reduces Blood Cell Adhesion in Models of Inflammation

Adhesion of leukocytes, platelets, and/or red blood cells to the endothelium is characteristic of and contributes to pathology in a variety of conditions including sickle cell disease, sepsis, cardiovascular diseases, and peripheral vascular diseases. Nitric Oxide (NO) is known to reduce blood cell adhesion to the endothelium. Growing evidence has shown that nitrite is reduced to NO, preferentially under hypoxic conditions. We have explored the effects of nitrite on blood cell adhesion in vitro and using intra vital microscopy. Using a flow micro channel tissue culture slides, confluent HUVEC cells activated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), we observed that 50 μM nitrite reduced red blood cell adhesion under shear stress by 72% (n = 3, p
Genotyping Of Zebrafish Embryos Fixed By Paraformaldehyde

The rapid generation of various species and strains of zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has dramatically accelerated the interrogation of gene function in vivo. So far, several approaches for genotyping of unfixed genome-modified animals have been successfully developed, such as Surveyor assays, T7 endonuclease 1 (T7E1) assays, High Resolution Melt Analysis (HRMA) and PAGE-based genotyping approach. However, there is few published genotyping protocol for the embryos of lethal zebrafish mutants fixed by paraformaldehyde. We have designed this genotyping protocol so that it can be performed in a single step with reliable results. The protocol covers all steps to obtain the genotypes.
Evaluation of the SIPAT instrument to assess psychosocial risk in heart transplant candidates: A retrospective single center study.

Abstract Objectives We evaluated the reliability of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) in heart transplant (HT) recipients and explored its usefulness in predicting post-transplant outcomes. Background Pre-transplant psychosocial and behavioral risk is associated with post-transplant clinical outcomes. SIPAT is a risk assessment tool created for pre-transplant psychosocial evaluation. Methods Via retrospective chart review, three examiners applied the SIPAT to 51 adult HT recipients. Examiners blinded to SIPAT scores extracted data and interviewed clinicians for one-year post-transplant outcomes. Analysis included Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficient and Chi-square. Results SIPAT demonstrated strong inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.76–0.96). Compared to those with SIPAT ratings of “Excellent/Good”, the “Minimally Acceptable Candidate/High Risk” group was more likely to miss clinic visits ( p = 0.004). Conclusions The SIPAT tool had strong IRR. Less favorable SIPAT ratings were associated with nonadherence to clinic visits. Further study is warranted to determine association of SIPAT ratings to clinical outcomes.
Far Reach of the Tenth Century Eldgjá Eruption, Iceland

At the end of Iceland's settlement period in the 10th century, a great basalt fissure eruption known as Eldgja (Fire Chasm) occurred near the southern settlements and destroyed a portion of them. This lava outpouring was one of the two largest terrestrial fissure eruptions of the last 11 centuries. Historical documents from Iceland, western Europe, and the Middle East are used to trace the eruption's possible climatic and demographic consequences. The cloud of aerosols from the eruption, traversing northern Europe, dimmed and reddened the Sun. There followed a very cold winter, famine, and a widespread disease epidemic during the next year and, again, 5 to 7 years after the eruption, probably as a result of the long-lived stratospheric aerosol veil. Convergent lines of evidence point to 934 as the year of the eruption. Accordingly, it becomes possible to date within a year a prominent acid horizon in ice laid down in central Greenland and, tentatively, to interpret some critical events and dates in early Icelandic history.
The Affordable Care Act, Medicaid Expansion, and Disparities in Kidney Disease

ESRD is a common and lethal condition, and its burden disproportionately falls on the nation’s most disadvantaged communities. Approximately 468,000 Americans regularly receive dialysis ([1][1]). Age-adjusted mortality rates are six to eight times higher for those with ESRD compared with the
Boundary Element Method for the Computation of Dynamic Fields Near Cracks

A boundary integral equation formulation is presented to calculate dynamic fields generated by wave loading on configurations consisting of a macrocrack and a neighboring crack or cavity. The formulation is two-dimensional, and for a state of plane strain. The method overcomes the difficulties that are encountered with higher order singularities in applications of the boundary element method to crack problems. Results are presented for the dynamic stress intensity factors.
Post-Traumatic Seizures

Acute traumatic brain injury causes a cascade of changes in brain metabolism, blood flow, and homeostasis that are challenges to survival. Seizures, whether focal or convulsive, may be a manifestation of the acute injury response and are liable to complicate management. This article discusses mechanisms and biochemical effects of brain injury, cellular mechanisms of epileptogenesis, genetic factors, prevention and prophylaxis, alteration of brain injury responses, and recommendations for management.
Do Social Disorders Facilitate Social Engineering?: A Case Study of Autism and Phishing Attacks

Social engineering is a well-established and well-studied threat especially against healthy computer users. Little studied, however, is the level of vulnerability to social engineering attacks against people with medical conditions. Social disorders in particular may make people more susceptible to such attacks. In this paper, as an initial line of investigation into this understudied research line, we launch a study of phishing, a prominent social engineering attack, against people suffering from autism spectrum disorder, a unique developmental disorder characterized by hampered social skills and communication. We present a study of phishing detection with two groups of participants each with 15 participants, one diagnosed with autism and other without autism, in which they were asked to distinguish real versions of certain websites from their fake counterparts. Given the known gullibility and social vulnerability of users with autism, our study is designed to test the hypothesis that individuals with autism will be more prone to such attacks in contrast to healthy participants of prior studies. Our results, however, do not support this hypothesis demonstrating that participants with autism are not more vulnerable to phishing attempts. We attribute this result to the unique characteristics of users with autism including attention to detail, strong memory of factual information and diverse way of thinking, which are skills that folklore assumes may actually make users with autism highly qualifed for cybersecurity careers. Overall, our work serves to demonstrate that targeted (spear) phishing attacks against Internet users sufering from autism may not be more successful compared to untargeted attacks against the user population without autism. It also highlights that social disorders may not necessarily facilitate social engineering attacks.