cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Goal setting and behavior change in a smoking cessation program

The present study examined (1) the role of self-efficacy, motivation, and stress in subgoal setting and achievement in a smoking cessation program; (2) these variables along with subgoal setting and achievement in predicting abstinence; and (3) the type of subgoal achieved (direct or indirect) and its relationship to abstinence. A consistent negative relationship between self-efficacy and current subgoal setting was found for abstainers. However, in prospective analyses, prior subgoal setting was the primary predictor of subsequent subgoal setting. Self-efficacy and prior subgoal achievement were the most significant, positive predictors of subgoal achievement over time. Level of self-efficacy during treatment was the only significant variable to emerge in the prediction of followup abstinence after accounting for prior smoking status, and appears to mediate the effect of subgoal achievement on outcome. Abstainers and smokers at followup differed in their proportions of indirect subgoals achieved.
Exploring the Information in p‐Values for the Analysis and Planning of Multiple‐Test Experiments

A new methodology is proposed for estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in a large collection of tests. Each test concerns a single parameter delta whose value is specified by the null hypothesis. We combine a parametric model for the conditional cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the p-value given delta with a nonparametric spline model for the density g(delta) of delta under the alternative hypothesis. The proportion of true null hypotheses and the coefficients in the spline model are estimated by penalized least squares subject to constraints that guarantee that the spline is a density. The estimator is computed efficiently using quadratic programming. Our methodology produces an estimate g(delta) of the density of delta when the null is false and can address such questions as "when the null is false, is the parameter usually close to the null or far away?" This leads us to define a falsely interesting discovery rate (FIDR), a generalization of the false discovery rate. We contrast the FIDR approach to Efron's (2004, Journal of the American Statistical Association 99, 96-104) empirical null hypothesis technique. We discuss the use of g in sample size calculations based on the expected discovery rate (EDR). Our recommended estimator of the proportion of true nulls has less bias compared to estimators based upon the marginal density of the p-values at 1. In a simulation study, we compare our estimators to the convex, decreasing estimator of Langaas, Lindqvist, and Ferkingstad (2005, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 67, 555-572). The most biased of our estimators is very similar in performance to the convex, decreasing estimator. As an illustration, we analyze differences in gene expression between resistant and susceptible strains of barley.
Quantification of hydroxyl radical produced during phacoemulsification

Purpose To quantitate hydroxyl radicals produced during phacoemulsification with various irrigating solutions and conditions used in cataract surgery. Setting Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. Methods All experiments were performed using an Infiniti Vision System phacoemulsifier with irrigation and aspiration. Hydroxyl radicals were quantitated using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and a spectrophotometric assay for malondialdehyde, which is formed by the oxidation of deoxyribose by the hydroxyl radical. Results Hydroxyl radical production increased during longitudinal-stroking phacoemulsification as power levels were increased in a nonlinear, nonexponential fashion. The detection of hydroxyl radical was reduced in irrigating solutions containing organic molecules (eg, citrate, acetate, glutathione, dextrose) and further reduced in Navstel, an irrigating solution containing a viscosity-modifying agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Conclusions Hydroxyl radicals produced in settings representative of those used in phacoemulsification cataract surgery were quantitated using the deoxyribose method. Hydroxyl radical production was dependent on the level of ultrasound power applied and the irrigating solution used. Oxidative stress on the eye during phacoemulsification may be minimized by using irrigating solutions that contain organic molecules, including the viscosity-modifying agent hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, that can compete for reaction with hydroxyl radicals.
Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Southern California: Implications for the Design and Conduct of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Efficacy Trial

Population-based prospective surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease was done in Southern California from 31 March 1992 to 1 April 1995 ; 814 cases were identified, for an incidence of 12.5/100,000 persons/year. The incidence among persons ≤2, ≤5, and ≥65 years of age was 145, 72, and 32/100,000, respectively. More than 95% of cases included bacteremia ; incidence of meningitis was 0.81100,000. Among children ≤2 years of age, 79% of isolates were obtained in the outpatient setting, compared with 16% of isolates among persons ≥15 years of age. Eighty percent of isolates were serotypes included in heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines currently being evaluated. Children ≤2 years of age were at highest risk of having an isolate resistant to penicillin. Among resistant isolates, high-level resistance increased from 4% to 21% over a 3-year period. Prospective epidemiologic data are needed to perform a protective efficacy trial of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants, among whom most invasive pneumococcal disease is vaccine-preventable.
Blunt intestinal injury in children : The role of the physical examination

Abstract Purpose: Although blunt intestinal injury in children is uncommon, prompt recognition and treatment is imperative. Because the best method for diagnosis remains undetermined, the authors reviewed their experience with this injury in children to determine the most reliable diagnostic method and to identify factors associated with treatment delays. Methods: From January 1989 through December 1995, 2,284 children were admitted to the level I trauma center after sustaining blunt abdominal trauma. Of these, 32 (1.4%) had intestinal injury confirmed during laparotomy. Each case was reviewed with particular attention to the initial physical examination, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, laparotomy observations, complications, and the hospital at which the child was initially treated, if applicable. Fisher's Exact test and Wilcoxon's rank sum test were used for statistical analyses, with P Results: Twenty-five patients (78%) had major intestinal injuries that required repair or resection; seven had minor intestinal injuries only. Two-thirds of the 32 were restrained passengers in motor vehicle crashes. The initial physical examination was suggestive of intestinal injury in 94% of children. Twenty-one children (84%) with major bowel injuries had diffuse abdominal tenderness at the time of initial physical examination, and only one of the seven (14%) with minor intestinal injury had generalized tenderness ( P = .0014). Sixteen of 21 restrained passengers had seat-belt ecchymoses, and 13 of the 16 sustained major intestinal injuries. Only 1 of 13 abdominal CT scans performed was diagnostic of intestinal injury. Ten of 12 patients (83%) who underwent delayed laparotomy (more than 12 hours after injury) were initially evaluated at hospitals without trauma center designation; whereas 6 of the 20 nondelayed patients were evaluated at these hospitals ( P = .0091). All four major complications occurred in the delayed group. Conclusion: The authors conclude that signs suggestive of major intestinal injury are present in children at the time of initial physical examination or shortly thereafter. The decision to operate can be based on this examination alone in the pediatric population. Abdominal CT scan is not reliable for the diagnosis of blunt intestinal injury in children. To expedite diagnosis and treatment, children who sustain blunt abdominal trauma should be examined immediately by a physician experienced in pediatric trauma care or be transferred to a designated trauma center where this service is available.
Yersiniabactin Synthetase: Probing the Recognition of Carrier Protein Domains by the Catalytic Heterocyclization Domains, Cy1 and Cy2, in the Chain-Initiating HMWP2 Subunit †

The HMWP2 subunit of yersiniabactin (Ybt) synthetase, a 230 kDa nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) making the N-terminus of the Ybt siderophore of Yersinia pestis, has one cysteine-specific adenylation (A) domain, three carrier protein domains (ArCP, PCP1, PCP2), and two heterocyclization domains (Cy1, Cy2). The A domain loads the two PCP domains with cysteines that get heterocyclized by the Cy domains to yield a tricyclic hyrdoxyphenylthiazolinylthiazolinyl (HPTT) chain lodged in thioester linkage to the PCP2 domain. The interdomain recognition by the Cy1 and Cy2 domains for the three carrier proteins was tested using inactivating mutations at the conserved serine that is phosphopantetheinylated in each carrier domain (S52A, S1439A, and S1977A). These mutant forms of HMWP2 were tested for in trans complementation by carrier protein fragments: holo-ArCPs (S52A), holo-PCP1 and analogues (S1439A), and holo-PCP2 and analogues (S1977A). The S52A mutant tests the recognition of the Cy1 domain for donor ac...
Verbal and Nonverbal Deixis: The Pointed Lip Gesture among the San Blas Cuna.

The pointed lip gesture is a facial gesture in use among the Cuna Indians of San Blas, Panama. It occurs in various contexts with meanings which at first appear to be unrelated. An analysis of the contexts reveals, however, that the meaning ‘pointing’ is always present and that further meanings are derived from the discourse structures in which the pointed lip gesture is found.
Measurement of saccharifying cellulase

This article sets forth a simple cellulase assay procedure. Cellulose is variable in nature, insoluble and resistant to enzymatic attack. As a result there have been a bevy of bewildering cellulase assays published that yielded irrational results. Certain protocols focused on the rapidity of the assay while ignoring that only the most readily susceptible cellulose regions were being hydrolyzed. Other assays simplified the system by using modified soluble substrates and yielded results that bore no relationship to the real world hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose. In this study Mandels, Andreotti and Roche utilized a common substrate, Whatman filter paper. Hydrolysis of a 50 mg sample of the paper was followed to roughly 4% degradation, which circumvented the problems of attack of only the most susceptible zones. This common hydrolysis target range also resulted in some balance with regard to the interaction of the several cellulase components. The method was subsequently widely adopted.
Effect of Heel Lifts on Ground Reaction Force Patterns in Subjects with Structural Leg-Length Discrepancies

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heel lifts on ground reaction force patterns in subjects with structural leg-length discrepancies (LLDs). Eighteen subjects with LLDs ranging from 4.8 to 22.2 mm participated in this study. Subject age range was from 20 to 63 years. A force platform was used to obtain ground reaction force data for four conditions. Data were collected prior to fitting of the heel lift and after a three-week break-in period. Data were analyzed by use of a two-factor within-subject analysis of variance for repeated measures. Before heel-lift fitting, maximum lateral force was greater in the short leg than in the long leg. After heel-lift fitting, maximum vertical force was greater within both legs, and maximum medical force was greater in the long leg than in the short leg. The results suggest that although heel lifts are used to achieve pelvic levelness, the use of heel lifts also resulted in increased ground reaction forces, which may cause increased joint stresses within the lower extremities.
Contributions of the Framingham Heart Study to stroke and dementia epidemiologic research at 60 years

The Framingham Heart Study, the longest-running prospective epidemiologic study in history, was initiated in 1948 in response to the rising toll of coronary heart disease and hypertension. During the ensuing decades, the study of other diseases, notably stroke and dementia, was added. In 1971, 5124 offspring of the original cohort of 5209 men and women were added, and a third generation of 4095 men and women were added in 2002. The 3-generation structure was used to relate a host of risk factors measured in mid and late life to the subsequent development of stroke, dementia, and cognitive decline. It has also facilitated studies of family occurrence of disease over generations particularly for genomic research. Dementia and Alzheimer disease research has proceeded from the determination of risk factors for at least moderately severe Alzheimer disease in the first generation to mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease in the offspring and to studies of the third generation for detection of pre–mild cognitive impairment and indicators of cognitive decline in mid life. These research efforts have been facilitated by genome-wide association studies, biomarkers, and multiple measures of subclinical vascular disease. The tempo of decline has been documented by serial quantitative measures of brain structure on magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive performance by neuropsychological testing. Clinical correlation with systematic neuropathological examinations of more than 150 brains has provided important confirmation of cerebrovascular and brain tissue indices of disease. Identification of persons at heightened risk for stroke, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and cognitive decline years prior to disease onset may facilitate delay in disease onset and prevention.
X-Efficiency Theory: 2

In the last chapter, we focused on some elements of individual decision making that lead to X-inefficiency. In this chapter, we will investigate the individual’s effort decision, the individual as a group member, group behavior, and some elements that compose the external environment and that influence the firm’s degree of X-efficiency. We will begin with the individual’s effort decision.
Raman-scattering studies of Rb2ZnCl4 and K2ZnCl4

Abstract The Raman spectrum of Rb2ZnCl4 has been measured at 20K, 100K, 200K, room temperature, and 315K, covering all four known solid phases of this compound. The spectra for the four highest temperatures were deconvoluted by fitting to a multi-Lorentzian function convolved with a slit transmission function. The peak frequency, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), and integrated intensity for each of the deconvoluted peaks is tabulated and compared with the Raman spectrum calculated from the lattice dynamics for the presumed perfect crystal structures in the normal high-temperature phase. Pnam, and in the higher-temperature phase (Pna21) of the two commensurate ferroelectric phases. The four highest frequency lines that fall in the 270–310 cm−1 range have been studied at several temperatures in the 190–330K range where they behave anomalously, compared to a similar group in K2SeO4. This behavior is accounted for by the chlorozincate ion disorder and an accidental phonon degeneracy uncovered by the lattice...
Power spectrum parameter estimation

The power spectrum Of a zero-mean stationary Gaussian random process is assumed to be known except for one or more parameters which are to be estimated from an observation of the process during a finite time interval. The approximation is introduced that the coefficients of the Fourier series expansion of a realization of long-time duration are uncorrelated. Based on this approximation maximum likelihood estimates are derived and lundamental limits on the variances attainable are found by evaluation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Parameters specifically considered are amplitude, center frequency, and frequency scale factor. Also considered is ripple frequency which refers to the cosine factor in the spectrum produced by the addition of a delayed replica of the random process. The dual problem of estimating parameters of the time-varying power level of a nonstationary baud-limited white noise process is examined.
Image and video matting: a survey

Matting refers to the problem of accurate foreground estimation in images and video. It is one of the key techniques in many image editing and film production applications, thus has been extensively studied in the literature. With the recent advances of digital cameras, using matting techniques to create novel composites or facilitate other editing tasks has gained increasing interest from both professionals as well as consumers. Consequently, various matting techniques and systems have been proposed to try to efficiently extract high quality mattes from both still images and video sequences. This survey provides a comprehensive review of existing image and video matting algorithms and systems, with an emphasis on the advanced techniques that have been recently proposed. The first part of the survey is focused on image matting. The fundamental techniques shared by many image matting algorithms, such as color sampling methods and matting affinities, are first analyzed. Image matting techniques are then classified into three categories based on their underlying methodologies, and an objective evaluation is conducted to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of each category. A unique Accuracy vs. Cost analysis is presented as a practical guidance for readers to properly choose matting tools that best fit their specific requirements and constraints. The second part of the survey is focused on video matting. The difficulties and challenges of video matting are first analyzed, and various ways of combining matting algorithms with other video processing techniques for building efficient video matting systems are reviewed. Key contributions, advantages as well as limitations of important systems are summarized. Finally, special matting systems that rely on capturing additional foreground/background information to automate the matting process are discussed. A few interesting directions for future matting research are presented in the conclusion.
Analysis of FSLIC’s Methodology for Evaluating Bids

As indicated in Chapter 3, the ideal approach for making the liquidation versus acquisition decision would be for FSLIC to measure directly thrift franchise value. If a positive franchise value exists, FSLIC would attempt to capture that value in sales to acquirers. If no franchise value exists, the thrift would be liquidated provided that the problem assets can be managed by a receivership without too great a loss in efficiency.
Mission from the inside Out: An Integrative Analysis of Selected Latin American Protestant “Writings” in Spirituality and Mission

Contemporary mission is still struggling with how to connect the contemplative inward journey of the spiritual practices, the outward actions of social justice, and the proclamation of the good news in the ongoing activities of the church today and specifically in its missional task. While the Protestant church is divided over the issue, this paper proposes that there is a possibility of significant convergence of the inner and outer lives of the church, which results in an inner spiritual liberation of mission. This article examines the correlation of spirituality and mission from the “writings ’’ of selected Protestant Latin American scholar-practitioners focusing on the relationship between the inner and outer dimensions of Christian mission, wholeness and integrity of mission, spiritual practices and mission, and worship and mission. In their integration, these emphases provide insights that answer the ecclesiastical question that exists in mission today and provides renovated foundations for the continuing development of the global missional force. n an article entitled, “Evangelization from the Inside: Reflections from a Prison Cell,” Mortimer Arias, first bishop of the Methodist Church in Bolivia, gave a I personal example of a Bible study in prison that resulted in Christian witness. During the Luis Garcia Meza military coup in Bolivia (1980), Arias was jailed, and leading his fellow prisoners in singing hymns, praying, and reading the Bible he found himself in mission. He declared of this time, “It is amazing how God can speak to and through people who are not conditioned by theological jargon or dogmatic hang-ups. It is here where the evangelizer is evangelized in the process of evangelizing” (Arias
A methodical approach to extracting interesting objects from dynamic web pages

This paper presents a fully automated object extraction system for web documents. Our methodology consists of a layered framework and a set of algorithms. A distinct feature of our approach is the full automation of both the extraction of data object regions from dynamic web pages and the identification of the correct object-boundary separators. We implemented the methodology in the XWRAPElite object extraction system and evaluated the system using more than 3200 pages over 75 diverse websites. Our experiments show three important and interesting results: First, our algorithms for identifying the minimal object-rich subtree achieves a 96% success rate over all the web pages we have tested. Second, our algorithms for discovering and extracting object separator tags reach the success rate of 95%. Most significantly, the overall system achieves a precision between 96% and 100% (it returns only correct objects) and excellent recall (between 95% and 96%, with very few significant objects left out). The minimal subtree extraction algorithms and the object-boundary identification algorithms are fast, about 87 milliseconds per page with an average page size of 30KB.
An augmented block code model for protein translation using free energy based distance decoders

Informational analysis of genetic sequences has revealed the existence of significant analogies between the genetic process and information processing systems used in the field of communications engineering. By analyzing key elements involved in the process of gene expression, we have developed several communications and coding theory based models for the process of translation [1–5]. A previous research investigated the use of coding theory based models that quantitatively describe the behavior of the ribosome during translation initiation in prokaryotic organisms [1]. In this paper we have investigated an augmented block code model with modified criteria and assumptions. We have also employed several minimum distance decoders to verify the proposed modified model based on the free energies involved in the binding between the ribosome and the mRNA sequence. The key biological elements considered in forming the investigated model are: the last 13 bases of the 3' end of the 16S rRNA molecule, the common features of bacterial ribosomal binding sites (such as the existence and location of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence), the energies involved in the rRNA-mRNA interaction, and RNA/DNA base-pairing principles. The model was tested on five different E. coli bacterial genomes. The obtained results prove the validity and significance of the model in clearly distinguishing four different test groups of gene predictions. Two of them are based on well known gene finder softwares (e.g. GeneMark [2] and Glimmer [3]).
Empowered Consumers and Telephone Hotlines

Today health-care budgets are rapidly being cut and services streamlined. Volunteers and nonprofit agencies have been commissioned to take on part of the burden. Currently they are expanding and reorganizing their services to meet the new demand. Telephone crisis lines, in particular, have the potential to take on a large share of consumer needs—they are always available and turn no one away. Unfortunately, crisis lines have their own set of problems. Although the bulk of work is performed by volunteers and represents a minimum of expense, the clientele is varied, the workload unpredictable. Staff at the line need to balance the needs of their regular callers with crisis calls and their volunteer needs by establishing comprehensive policies. This article looks at just a few of the challenges these lines face, and attempts to analyze the options, keeping the rights of modern consumers in mind.
Cognitive Skills Needed for Social Hierarchies

Dominance hierarchies are ubiquitous in social species that require social cognition to maintain. Status may be established initially through physical conflict but is maintained by social signals between individuals that depend critically on the relative social status of those interacting. How do individuals collect information they need to modulate their behavior? Using a particularly suitable fish model system living in a complex social environment, we describe how the social context of behavior shapes the brain and, in turn, alters the behavior of animals as they interact. These fish observe social interactions carefully to gather information vicariously that guides future behavior. Social opportunities produce rapid changes in gene expression in key brain nuclei, and both social success and failure produce changes in neuronal cell size and connectivity in reproductive centers of the brain. It remains unknown how social information is transduced into cellular and molecular changes. Understanding the cellular and molecular changes underlying animal cognition will yield unique insights into how the brain works.
Generalized Exponential Euler Polynomials and Exponential Splines

Here presented is constructive generalization of exponential Euler polynomial and exponential splines based on the interrelationship between the set of concepts of Eulerian polynomials, Eulerian numbers, and Eulerian fractions and the set of concepts related to spline functions. The applications of generalized exponential Euler polynomials in series transformations and expansions are also given.
Concentration of foot-and-mouth disease virus in milk of cows infected under simulated field conditions.

Abstract Susceptible lactating grade dairy cows were infected with foot-and-mouth disease by exposure to infected pigs. The virus was detected during asymptomatic state in esophageal fluids, blood, and milk. Foot-and-mouth disease virus not only was present but also persisted in whole milk components, skim milk, cream, and reconstituted cellular debris, with titers of highest infectivity usually in the reconstituted debris. Survival of the virus in milk after high-temperature short-time pasteurization suggests thermal stability comparable to that of progeny virus resulting from direct inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus into the mammary gland.
Total Synthesis of Spirotenuipesines A and B

Spirotenuipesines A and B, isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes by Oshima and co-workers, have been synthesized. The synthesis features the highly stereoselective construction of two vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers (C5 and C6) via an intramolecular cyclopropanation/radical initiated fragmentation sequence and a diastereoselective intermolecular Diels−Alder reaction between α-methylenelactone dienophile 20 and synergistic diene 6a. Installation of the C9 tertiary alcohol occurred via nucleophilic methylation. An RCM reaction to produce a tetrasubstituted double bond in the presence of free allylic alcohol and homoallylic oxygenated functional group is also described. This route shortened the synthesis of 11 from 9 steps to 3 steps. We have further developed a strategy to gain access to optically active spirotenuipesines A and B through the synthesis of enantioenriched 10 from commercially available R-(−)-epichlorohydrin.
Casting Radical Uncertainty on the Precautionary Principle: Shackle and Foucault revisited

This article interprets the Precautionary Principle in environmental regulation from the perspective of radical uncertainty embedded in knowledge as well as the knowledge-power networks formed in the existence of such uncertainty. In this sense, the article makes an epistemological critique of the current application of the Precautionary Principle (using Shackle) and extends the paradox of uncertainty to read its implications for networks of knowledge and power (using Foucault). Participatory decision-making is questioned as an alternative to current environmental forms of regulation. “There would be no uncertainty if a question could be answered by seeking additional knowledge. The fundamental imperfection of knowledge is the essence of uncertainty (Shackle 1955, 52). “Time is a denial of the omnipotence of reason. Time divides the entirety of things into that part about which we can reason, and that part about which we cannot. Yet the part about which we cannot reason has a bearing on the meaning of the part that is amenable to reason. The analyst is obliged to practice, in effect, a denial of time. For he can reason only about what is in effect complete; and in a world where there is time, nothing is ever complete (Shackle 1992, 27).
Interaction of hyperthyroidism and hindlimb suspension on skeletal myosin heavy chain expression

We examined the novel interaction of hyperthyroidism and hindlimb suspension on the pattern of myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression (mRNA and protein) in skeletal muscles. Female Sprague-Dawley rats...
C.R. Barger & Sons, Inc. (B)

The president of Precast Concrete Operations (PCO) at C.R. Barger & Sons has grown the division into a leader in the industry. As a result, his former challenges have changed dramatically -- from how to save the PCO division to how to duplicate and improve on the results of his growth initiatives. And he now was considering whether to build a new PCO plant to accommodate future growth. The new plant would increase Barger’s production capacity allowing it to expand its concrete-production capacity from 40 to 200 cubic yards per day. Students may examine the multifaceted strategy the president used to revitalize the division and decide whether this large new growth investment is justified.
Lymphomagenesis in the SCID-hu mouse involves abundant production of human interleukin-10

Both human (hu) and viral (v) interleukin-10 (IL-10) appear to be important cofactors in the survival and growth of lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). When mice with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) are injected with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal individuals who are seropositive for EBV, the majority of hu-PBL-SCID mice will develop an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD) of human B-cell origin, not unlike some cases of EBV-LPD that are seen in immunocompromised individuals. The role of huIL-10 or vIL-10 in this chimeric mouse model of EBV-LPD is unknown. In the present study, we show that hu-PBL-SCID mice that develop EBV-LPD have significant elevation of serum huIL-10 levels compared with mice that do not develop EBV-LPD (P = .005). vIL-10 was undetectable in all animals. The EBV+ tumor samples express transcript for huIL-10 and huIL-10 receptor, express huIL-10 protein by immunohistochemical staining, and show specific binding of recombinant (r) huIL-10. In vitro analysis of the functional consequences of rhuIL-10 binding to IL-10 receptors on fresh EBV+ tumor cells shows that rhuIL-10 can prevent programmed cell death as well as promote proliferation and can do so at concentrations of huIL-10 found in vivo. Thus, huIL-10 production by EBV+ tumor cells may contribute directly to their malignant outgrowth in the hu-PBL-SCID mouse by two autocrine mechanisms: prevention of programmed cell death and proliferation. The implications of such findings with regard to EBV-LPD in humans is discussed.
The Undergraduate Educational Program for Ceramic Engineering and Glass Science at Alfred University

Alfred University is one of only eleven ABET accredited Universities in the U.S. offering Bachelor’s degrees in Ceramic Engineering. The New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University is one of the statutory colleges of the State University of New York system. Funding for the College comes from S.U.N.Y., but the College is an integral part of Alfred University and is administered by the Alfred President and Board of Trustees.
Radionuclide Imaging Applications in Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure

Multiple epidemiological factors including population aging and improved survival after acute coronary syndromes have contributed to a heart failure (HF) prevalence in the USA in epidemic proportions. In the absence of transplantation, HF remains a progressive disease with poor prognosis. The structural and functional abnormalities of the myocardium in HF can be assessed by various radionuclide imaging techniques. Radionuclide imaging may be uniquely suited to address several important clinical questions in HF such as identifying etiology and guiding the selection of patients for coronary revascularization. Newer approaches such as autonomic innervation imaging, phase analysis for synchrony assessment, and other molecular imaging techniques continue to expand the applications of radionuclide imaging in HF. In this manuscript, we review established and evolving applications of radionuclide imaging for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of HF.
Exploring Regionalism in the Federal District Courts

This study explores regionalism in the appointment and decisionmaking patterns of federal district judges. We begin with an examination of the general appointment strategies of Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, and other recent presidents. The role of local constraints in this process is emphasized. Next, the behavior of federal district judges appointed by recent presidents is analyzed by comparing levels of support for civil rights and civil liberties claims in cases decided during the 1977-1985 period. The Reagan appointees' support scores are compared with those of judges appointed by Carter and other recent Democratic and Republican presidents. Comparisons are made in the nation as a whole and also across circuits and states. Our findings indicate that the Reagan appointees are less supportive of civil rights and liberties claims than judges named to the bench by Carter or other recent Democratic and Republican presidents.
In situ calibration of micro-photoionization detectors in a multi-dimensional micro-gas chromatography system

A photoionization detector (PID) is widely used as a gas chromatography (GC) detector. By virtue of its non-destructive nature, multiple PIDs can be used in multi-dimensional GC. However, different PIDs have different responsivities towards the same chemical compound with the same concentration or mass due to different aging conditions of the PID lamps and windows. Here, we carried out a systematic study regarding the response of 5 Krypton μPIDs in a 1 × 4-channel 2-dimensional μGC system to 7 different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with the ionization potential ranging from 8.45 eV to 10.08 eV and the concentration ranging from ∼1 ng to ∼2000 ng. We used one of the PIDs as the reference detector and calculated the calibration factor for each of the remaining 4 PIDs against the first PID, which we found is quite uniform regardless of the analyte, its concentration, or chromatographic peak width. Based on the above observation, we were able to quantitatively reconstruct the coeluted peaks in the first dimension using the signal obtained with a PID array in the second dimension. Our work will enable rapid and in situ calibration of PIDs in a GC system using a single analyte at a single concentration. It will also lead to the development of multi-channel multi-dimensional GC where multiple PIDs are employed.
Transforming Identities: The Transition From Teacher to Leader During Teacher Leader Preparation

Since 1997, the Great Lakes Academy has provided leadership development for more than 800 teachers in a large metropolitan region of the Upper Midwest. Graduates of the 2-year program often describ...
Pediatric Thyroid FNA

Among the pediatric and adolescent population, thyroid nodules are uncommon with an incidence of 1–2 % but with a much higher risk of malignancy (14–40 %), when compared to that of adult population. Recent studies have shown that FNA, rather than diagnostic lobectomy, should be the initial diagnostic tool of choice for managing thyroid nodule in the pediatric population. Based on TBSRTC, thyroid FNA demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 94 % and 81 %, respectively, for evaluating thyroid nodules in the pediatric population. The majority of the malignancies encountered in the pediatric population are papillary thyroid carcinoma. Although the authors did not observe an increase in the frequency of the diagnostic category FLUS/AUS, a higher frequency of FLUS/AUS (35 %) has been reported in the literature due partly to the reluctance to diagnose malignancy in a young patient and partly to the low cellularity secondary to difficulty in sampling of these lesions. The use of molecular testing for equivocal thyroid FNA in pediatric population has not been extensively investigated.
Estimation of Pressure-Dependent Diffusive Permeability of Coal Using Methane Diffusion Coefficient: Laboratory Measurements and Modeling

Gas diffusion in coal is critical for the prediction of coalbed methane (CBM) production, especially for the late-stage CBM reservoir when both gas pressure and permeability are relative low. Using only Darcy permeability to evaluate the quality of gas transport might not be effective. Diffusive flow can be the dominant flow at low reservoir pressures. In this work, the methane diffusion coefficient was measured for pulverized San Juan sub-bituminous and Pittsburgh bituminous coal samples using the classic unipore model and particle method. The diffusion coefficient results showed a negative correlation with pressure, as reported previously. The significance of diffusion flow is strongly related to the rate of the methane ad-/desorption process, more severely in the low pressure range [<2 MPa (280 psi)]. The measured diffusion coefficient can be converted to the equivalent permeability. This equivalent permeability, termed diffusive permeability, can be considered as the contribution of diffusion flow, in...
Acoustoelastic Lamb wave analysis in thin plates

Fabrication processes, such as, shot peening, bending, and rolling can induce residual stresses in metals that will impact product performance and cause phenomena such as cracking and corrosion. To better manage residual stress tools are needed to map their distribution. Ultrasonic methods can be used as a good tool for residual stress detection, and this approach is non-destructive and costs are modest. Methods which utilize longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are receiving increased attention and it can be used on thick material. However, there have only been a limited number of studies which consider the acoustoelastic effect for thin plate materials which generate Lamb waves. This paper reports a study in which a numerical model is used to investigate the Lamb wave dispersion curves under loading that induce stresses. The effects of stress on various Lamb modes are discussed and those which appear to be most sensitive are identified. It is found that when the stress's direction is normal to the direction of wave propagation in a 1 mm thick aluminum plate the A0 mode is the most sensitive to the applied stress.
Technology to Support Sign Language for Students with Disabilities

This systematic review of the literature provides a synthesis of research on the use of technology to support sign language. Background research on the use of sign language with students who are de...
Chemoprevention Uptake among Women with Atypical Hyperplasia and Lobular and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Women with atypical hyperplasia and lobular or ductal carcinoma in situ (LCIS/DCIS) are at increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer. Chemoprevention with selective estrogen receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors can reduce breast cancer risk; however, uptake is estimated to be less than 15% in these populations. We sought to determine which factors are associated with chemoprevention uptake in a population of women with atypical hyperplasia, LCIS, and DCIS. Women diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia/LCIS/DCIS between 2007 and 2015 without a history of invasive breast cancer were identified (N = 1,719). A subset of women (n = 73) completed questionnaires on breast cancer and chemoprevention knowledge, risk perception, and behavioral intentions. Descriptive statistics were generated and univariate and multivariable log-binomial regression were used to estimate the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and chemoprevention uptake. In our sample, 29.3% had atypical hyperplasia, 23.3% had LCIS, and 47.4% had DCIS; 29.4% used chemoprevention. Compared with women with atypical hyperplasia, LCIS [RR, 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.76] and DCIS (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.28-1.86) were significantly associated with chemoprevention uptake, as was medical oncology referral (RR, 5.79; 95% CI, 4.80-6.98). Younger women were less likely to take chemoprevention (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.87), and there was a trend toward increased uptake in Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic white women. The survey data revealed a strong interest in learning about chemoprevention, but there were misperceptions in personal breast cancer risk and side effects of chemoprevention. Improving communication about breast cancer risk and chemoprevention may allow clinicians to facilitate informed decision-making about preventative therapy. Cancer Prev Res; 10(8); 434-41. ©2017 AACR.
Glycoprotein NMB: an Emerging Role in Neurodegenerative Disease

Neurodegeneration is characterized by severe neuronal loss leading to the cognitive and physical impairments that define various neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and can ultimately contribute to disease progression. Increased inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, current therapeutic options lack ability to stop or effectively slow progression of these diseases and are primarily aimed at alleviating symptoms. Thus, it is crucial to discover novel treatment candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein first identified in a melanoma cell line. GPNMB augments bone mineral deposition by stimulating osteoblast differentiation. Aside from its anabolic function in the bone, emerging evidence suggests that GPNMB has anti-inflammatory and reparative functions. GPNMB has also been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in an animal model of ALS, cerebral ischemia, and other disease models. Given these discoveries, GPNMB should be investigated as a potential therapeutic option for multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
Restrictive eating is associated with emotion regulation difficulties in a non-clinical sample.

The relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and restrictive eating has not been established in non-clinical samples. In this study, undergraduates (n = 98) provided information regardi...
Pheromone identification by proxy: identification of aggregation-sex pheromones of North American cerambycid beetles as a strategy to identify pheromones of invasive Asian congeners

Research over the past decade has shown that attractant pheromones used by cerambycid beetles are often highly conserved, with the same compound being used as a pheromone component by multiple related species, even among species on different continents which have been separated for millions of years. We describe how this conservation of structures can be exploited to identify possible pheromone components for Asian target species with a high risk of invading North America. Thus, collection and analysis of volatiles from five North American species, Semanotus amethystinus (LeConte), Semanotus ligneus (F.), Semanotus litigiosus (Casey), Callidium antennatum hesperum Casey, and Callidium pseudotsugae Fisher, showed that males of the two Callidium species sex-specifically produced 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, a previously known cerambycid pheromone component, along with a novel natural product, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2-propanedione (henceforth pyrrole). In contrast, males of the three Semanotus species produced only the pyrrole. In field bioassays, both sexes of C. antennatum hesperum were significantly attracted to the blend of the two compounds, and S. amethystinus were equally attracted to the pyrrole alone, or the blend of the two compounds. Even before completing field bioassays with these species in California, field testing of the two compounds in Japan and China had revealed that several related target species, including the invasive Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), Callidiellum villosulum (Fairmaire), and Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky), were attracted to one or both compounds (data reported elsewhere), providing proof of concept of the “pheromone identification by proxy” strategy.
Bipartite Dominating Sets in Hypercubes.

If G is a bipartite graph with bipartition (X, Y ), a subset S of X is called a one-sided dominating set if every vertex y ∈ Y is adjacent to some x ∈ S. If S is minimal as a one-sided dominating set (i.e. if it has no proper subset which is also a one-sided dominating set, ) it is called a bipartite dominating set (see [4],[5], and [6]). We study bipartite dominating sets in hypercubes. Definition 1 Let G be a bipartite graph with bipartition (X,Y ). A subset S of X is called a one-sided dominating set if every vertex y ∈ Y is adjacent to some x ∈ S, i.e. if N(S) = Y . S is a minimal onesided dominating set if no proper subset of S is a one-sided dominating set. It is a minimum one-sided dominating set if no one-sided dominating set contained in X has smaller cardinality. In that case, S is called a bipartite dominating set. Bipartite dominating sets have been studied by Haynes, Hedetniemi, and Slater [4] and by Hedetniemi and Laskar [5], [6]. Remark 1 A subset S of X is a one-sided dominating set ⇔ the only maximal independent set containing S is X. Notation. For any graph G, γ(G) denotes the minimum size of a dominating set in G. We denote by Qn the n-dimensional hypercube. Its bipartition (X,Y ) is given by X = {x ∈ Qn | wt(x) is even}, Y = {y ∈ Qn | wt(y) is odd} where wt(z), the weight of z, is the number of 1’s in the n-tuple z. Alternatively, if we think of the vertices of Qn as the subsets of {1, 2, . . . , n}, X consists of the subsets of even cardinality, and Y consists of the subsets of odd cardinality. We will also at times consider Qn to be a group under component-wise addition of n-tuples (or, if the vertices are thought of as subsets of {1, 2, . . . , n}, then under the operation of symmetric difference). The next proposition basically restates the Hamming Bound (see [9], p. 413), for Qn for single-error-correcting codes. Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 (ramras@neu.edu), Tel: 617-373-5651, Fax: 617-373-5658.