cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression and Anxiety in Pediatric Epilepsy

The frequency of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms among children and adolescents with epilepsy was determined in 44 patients, aged 7-18 years, at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY.
"Breach of Belongingness: Newcomer Relationship Conflict, Information, and Task-Related Outcomes"

Previous studies of newcomer socialization underline the importance of newcomer information seeking for adjustment to the organization, and conflict literature has consistently reported negative effects of relationship conflict. However, to date, no study has examined the effects of relationship conflict on newcomers’ information seeking. Thus, in this study we examine newcomers’ reaction when they have a relationship conflict with their coworkers, and hence cannot obtain necessary information from them. Drawing upon belongingness theory, we propose a model that moves from breach of belongingness (relationship conflict) to its proximal (social anxiety and relationship building) and distal (information adequacy) consequences to newcomer information seeking, and finally to task-related outcomes. We use a three-wave data collection research design with egocentric and Likert-type multi- source surveys among a sample of new software engineers and their supervisors working in India to test our model. This study...
Selectivity-determining role of C3H8/NO ratio in the reduction of nitric oxide by propane in presence of oxygen over ZSM5 zeolites

The reaction of (NO + C3H8 + O2) can result in selective formation of NO2 over H-ZSM5, Cu,H-ZSM5, Ag,H-ZSM5, and Li,H-ZSM5 catalysts when the concentrations of NO and O2 are 0.1 and 9%, SV > 60,000 h−1 (typical for automotive exhausts), and C3H8/NO > 1. Despite stoichiometric excess of reductant hydrocarbon below this limit, the in situ formed NO2 does not react with C3H8, thus conversion of NO to N2 is negligible. NO can be reduced by C3H8 selectively to N2 only when C3H8/NO ≧ 1. Contrary to many suggestions the reaction temperature, concentration of oxygen, space velocity, and type of exchange ions have minor influence on the selectivity for N2. These parameters affect the rates of reactions (NO + 2), (C3H8 + NOx) and (C3H8 + O2), therefore they also affect the production of N2 in the HC-SCR process, but only when the ratio of C3H8/NO permits. The metal-exchanged zeolites were prepared in situ by solid-state ion exchange from H-ZSM5. Despite the low degree of copper exchange (63%), Cu,H-ZSM5 produces substantially more N2 than H-ZSM5, Ag,H-ZSM5, or Li,H-ZSM5. However, the selectivity for N2 is lowest over Cu,H-ZSM5, which also produces considerable NO2 in the reaction of (NO + C3H8 + O2) even at C3H8/NO ≧ 1. Contrary to prior findings, the catalytic activity of Cu,H-ZSM5 for the oxidation of NO by O2 to NO2 in absence of hydrocarbon was comparable to that of H-ZSM5 at high space velocities (2.3 l g−1 min−1). By replacing 30 and 40% of the protons of H-ZSM5 by Ag+ and Li+ ions in Ag,H-ZSM5 and Li,H-ZSM5, respectively, the catalytic activity for this reaction becomes negligible at temperatures ≧100°C. Some mechanistic consequences of these experimental observations are discussed.
The significance of enteral nutrition in the intensive care unit patient.

Malnutrition occurs at a high rate in critically ill patients and is linked with increased morbidity and mortality. New knowledge about malnutrition and its adverse affects on the gut as well as the use of enteral nutrition and immunostimulatory nutrients to maintain gut integrity can now significantly minimize ICU patient complications.
Establishing contextual control over generalized equivalence relations

The purpose of the reported study was to determine whether the generalization of stimulus equivalence relations to dimensional variants of class members could be brought under contextual control. Contextual control has been shown to prevent the merging of equivalence classes; contextual control might similarly prevent equivalence classes and perceptual classes from merging into one infinite-sized, all-encompassing class. Twelve subjects were taught 12 contextually controlled conditional discriminations. They were then tested for the emergence of 6 contextually controlled symmetry and equivalence relations. Subjects were also tested for the establishment of contextual control over the generalization of those relations. Eleven subjects showed the emergence of contextually controlled symmetry relations, and 7 subjects showed the emergence of contextually controlled symmetry and equivalence relations. Five subjects demonstrated contextual control over the generalization of the symmetry and equivalence relations. Hence, contextual cues controlled the dimensional variants to which the equivalence relations generalized. These findings suggest that contextual control may limit the degree to which stimulus equivalence relations generalize to novel stimuli.
Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty in Asian patients. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and indomethacin.

Background: A prospective clinical study was performed to compare the efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin and indomethacin for the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty in Asian patients. Methods: One hundred and fifty patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into three groups. One group consisted of fifty-one patients who received no prophylaxis with an anticoagulant (the control group), one consisted of fifty patients who received the low-molecular-weight heparin Fraxiparine (the Fraxiparine group), and the third consisted of forty-nine patients who received indomethacin (the indomethacin group). Bilateral ascending venography was performed preoperatively and at five, six, or seven days postoperatively. A third venogram was made at three months for patients who had had a deep-vein thrombosis. Results: The prevalence of deep-vein thrombosis was 71% in the control group, 50% in the Fraxiparine group (p = 0.042), and 45% in the indomethacin group (p = 0.011). Only 28% of the deep-vein thromboses were symptomatic, and there were no pulmonary emboli. Conclusions: Compared with no prophylaxis, Fraxiparine and indomethacin significantly lowered the prevalence of deep-vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty. Prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis in the Asian population appears to be warranted. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level I-1a (randomized controlled trial [significant difference]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Word Recognition, Written

Visual word recognition has been the focus of considerable work in experimental psychology for well over 100 years. This chapter provides an overview of the distinct methods researchers use to measure the processes involved in word recognition. We highlight a few empirical findings that have provided considerable traction for distinguishing between different theoretical approaches to word recognition. Ultimately, word recognition affords a unique opportunity to test differing predictions from general symbolic and connectionist models of human information processing. We end the chapter with speculations concerning the future of this vital area of research.
Chapter 28 – Cartilage

Publisher Summary Cartilage is a group of tissues produced by chondrocytes that is characterized by a relative lack of vascularity and consists of cells surrounded by a specialized extracellular matrix composed predominantly of type II collagen and proteoglycan, often in the form of proteoglycan aggregate. This chapter explains that cartilage, much like other tissues, is a family of tissues spanning a broad spectrum of cell maturation states. In growth plate, a subset of the cartilage phenotype, chondrocytes can be seen at distinct states of maturation in a linear array. Using a variety of in vivo and in vitro assays, investigators have been able to show that the growth plate is sensitive to vitamin D regulation, with 24R,25(OH)2D3 affecting less mature cells, particularly those of the resting zone, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 modulating activities in the growth zone (prehypertrophic and upper hypertrophic) cartilage. Rapid cell-membrane-mediated events via Pdia3 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) may result in secondary genomic responses via protein phosphorylation cascades and MAP kinase; in matrix vesicles, rapid membrane effects may be termed nongenomic because no gene expression or protein synthesis is possible. 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 regulate chondrocyte proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and maturation, as well as events in the extracellular matrix. The effects are cell maturation-dependent and organelle-specific, and may involve both VDR-dependent and VDR-independent genomic as well as nongenomic mechanisms.
Motion constraints in a 2D polygonal assembly

The paper analyzes the mating natures of a 2D polygonal assembly. For an assembly composed of an object part and a target part, any geometric variation will introduce extra degrees of freedom between two parts and result in some different assembly configurations. In order to investigate the assembly configuration uncertainties, translational and rotational motion constraints are generated by analyzing geometric contact relations between variant parts. Design function in terms of dimensional measurements has different values with regard to different assembly configurations. The part position corresponding to the optimal (maximum or minimum) design function values can be obtained. Relative positioning scheme based on proposed motion constraints can be used effectively to automate the tolerance analysis for an assembly.
Inhibition of human prenatal biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid by ethanol, ethanol metabolites, and products of lipid peroxidation reactions: a possible role for CYP2E1.

Biotransformation of all-trans-retinol (t-ROH) and all-trans-retinal (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human prenatal hepatic tissues (53–84 gestational days) was investigated with HPLC using human adult hepatic tissues as positive controls. Catalysis of the biotransformation of t-ROH by prenatal human cytosolic fractions resulted in accumulation of t-RAL with minimal t-RA. Oxidations of t-ROH catalyzed by prenatal cytosol were supported by both NAD+ and NADP+, although NAD+ was a much better cofactor. In contrast, catalysis of the oxidation of t-RAL to t-RA appeared to be solely NAD+ dependent. Substrate Km values for conversions of t-ROH to t-RAL and of t-RAL to t-RA were 82.4 and 65.8 μM, respectively. At concentrations of 10 and 90 mM, ethanol inhibited the conversion of t-ROH to t-RAL by 25 and 43%, respectively, but did not inhibit the conversion of t-RAL to t-RA significantly. In contrast, acetaldehyde reduced the conversion of t-RAL to t-RA by 25 and 87% at 0.1 and 10 mM respective concentrations. Several alcohols and aldehydes known to be generated from lipid peroxides also exhibited significant inhibition of t-RA biosynthesis in human prenatal hepatic tissues. Among the compounds tested, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) was highly effective in inhibiting the conversion of t-RAL to t-RA. A 20% inhibition was observed at a concentration of only 0.001 mM, and nearly complete inhibition was produced at 0.1 mM. Human fetal and embryonic hepatic tissues each exhibited significant CYP2E1 expression as assessed with chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation, a highly sensitive western blotting technique, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RT-PCR), suggesting that lipid peroxidation can be initiated via CYP2E1-catalyzed ethanol oxidation in human embryonic hepatic tissues. In summary, these studies suggest that ethanol may affect the biosynthesis of t-RA in human prenatal hepatic tissues directly and indirectly. Ethanol and its major oxidative metabolite, acetaldehyde, both inhibit the generation of t-RA. Concurrently, the CYP2E1-catalyzed oxidation of ethanol can initiate lipid peroxidation via generation of a variety of free radicals. The lipid peroxides thereby generated could then be further converted via CYP2E1-catalyzed reactions to alcohols and aldehydes, including 4-HNE, that act as potent inhibitors of t-RA synthesis.
Anticoagulation in Pregnant Patients with Mechanical Heart Valves: Clinical Considerations

Pregnancy management with mechanical heart valves is best done collaboratively with experienced cardiologists and maternal fetal medicine specialists. All anticoagulation options are associated with risks and benefits. Pregnancy is one situation in which the benefit of warfarin use may outweigh the risks. In light of the absence of definitive research to suggest a superior regimen, the risks, benefits, and limitations of each strategy should be discussed with the patient and specific attention given to her individual clinical situation.
Effects of a dynamic foot movement device on cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based tasks:

This pilot study compared cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based tasks between static sitting as control, and active sitting with use of a dynamic foot movement device as interventi...
HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infection, and Substance Use Continuum of Care Interventions Among Criminal Justice–Involved Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review

Background. Because Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) experience high rates of both HIV and incarceration relative to other groups, the various stages of criminal justice involvement may serve...
Regulation of SOX11 expression through CCND1 and STAT3 in mantle cell lymphoma

The neural transcription factor SOX11 is usually highly expressed in typical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but it is absent in the more indolent form of MCL. Despite being an important diagnostic marker for this hard-to-treat malignancy, the mechanisms of aberrant SOX11 expression are largely unknown. Herein, we describe 2 modes of SOX11 regulation by the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We found that ectopic expression of CCND1 in multiple human MCL cell lines resulted in increased SOX11 transcription, which correlated with increased acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K14 (H3K9/14Ac). Increased H3K9/14Ac and SOX11 expression was also observed after histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) or HDAC2 was depleted by RNA interference or inhibited by the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. Mechanistically, we showed that CCND1 interacted with and sequestered HDAC1 and HDAC2 from the SOX11 locus, leading to SOX11 upregulation. Interestingly, our data revealed a potential inverse relationship between phosphorylated Y705 STAT3 and SOX11 expression in MCL cell lines, primary tumors, and patient-derived xenografts. Functionally, inactivation of STAT3 by inhibiting the upstream Janus kinase (JAK) 1 or JAK2 or by STAT3 knockdown was found to increase SOX11 expression, whereas interleukin-21 (IL-21)–induced STAT3 activation or overexpression of the constitutively active form of STAT3 decreased SOX11 expression. In addition, targeting SOX11 directly by RNA interference or indirectly by IL-21 treatment induced toxicity in SOX11+ MCL cells. Collectively, we demonstrate the involvement of CCND1 and STAT3 in the regulation of SOX11 expression, providing new insights and therapeutic implications in MCL.
Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorder

Alcohol use is common among active duty service members and veterans for a variety of reasons, including institutional culture, military-specific risk factors, and co-occurring mental health disorders such as PTSD. Despite the US military historically tolerating, if not encouraging, alcohol use, in more recent years it has increasingly recognized the importance of preventing, diagnosing, and treating alcohol use disorder (AUD). This is important for mission readiness as well as attending to the mental and physical health of service members, and ultimately veterans. The standard of care includes psychosocial treatments, such as twelve-step facilitation, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and Seeking Safety, as well as evidence-based pharmacotherapies. Such interventions can be delivered across a continuum of care from outpatient to inpatient or residential settings. Left untreated, unhealthy alcohol use and AUD lead to myriad poor health outcomes including liver disease, neurological disorders, worsened mental health conditions, and increased suicide risk. Moderate-to-severe AUD is usually a lifelong condition, necessitating robust treatment programs within the VA healthcare system to serve those who have served their nation.
Deterministic global derivative-free optimization of black-box problems with bounded Hessian

Obtaining guaranteed lower bounds for problems with unknown algebraic form has been a major challenge in derivative-free optimization. In this work, we present a deterministic global optimization method for black-box problems where the derivatives are not available or it is computationally expensive to obtain. However, a global upper bound on the diagonal Hessian elements is known. An edge-concave underestimator (Hasan in J Glob Optim 71:735–752, 2018) can be then constructed with vertex polyhedral solution. Evaluating this underestimator only at the vertices leads to a valid lower bound on the original black-box problem. We have implemented this lower bounding technique within a branch-and-bound framework and assessed its computational performance in locating $$\epsilon $$-global optimal solution for several box-constrained, nonconvex black-box functions.
Limnology of two lake systems of Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: Physical and chemical profiles, major ions, and trace elements

Six large lakes in the Naknek River drainage and fourin the Alagnak River drainage were sampled once asummer for three summers, 1990–1992, in a baselinewater quality study of Katmai National Park andPreserve. These pristine lakes are discontinuous coldpolymictic, mixing to great depths occasionallythrough the ice-free season due to frequent winds ofcoastal storms. Cation proportions were similar amonglakes with sodium somewhat overrepresented, mostlikely due to the location at the base of the AlaskaPeninsula in proximity to the influences of thePacific Ocean. Anion proportions varied. Six Nakneklakes and one Alagnak lake were typical calciumcarbonate lakes. Chloride and sulfate wereproportionally high in the others, resulting in theextreme in a ’triple water‘ lake (Kulik Lake) and acalcium sulfate lake (Battle Lake). The high chlorideproportions were, like sodium, probably due to theinfluences of ocean spray on precipitation. The highsulfate of Naknek Lake was probably due to volcanicinfluence, and there was some evidence of localgeothermal imputs to Kulik Lake. Iron Springs Lake andCreek, which form one of Battle Lake‘s inlets, areknown to be strongly influenced by sulfur minerals.The very low alkalinity of Battle Lake was associatedwith elevated concentrations of aluminum. Thesealuminum concentrations exceeded the freshwaterchronic criterion for the protection of aquaticlife.
Pictorial review on abdominal applications of ferumoxytol in MR imaging

Though gadolinium-based contrast agents are the most widely used contrast media in MR for clinical use, problems with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and tissue deposition render their safety debatable, at least in a selected patient population. Ferumoxytol has the potential to be used as an alternate contrast medium for various clinical applications across multiple organs. It has prolonged intravascular signal and delayed intracellular macrophage uptake which are unique properties compared to gadolinium-based agents. This pictorial review aims to review the current and potential clinical applications of ferumoxytol as a contrast agent in abdominal MR imaging.
Resolution of acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis with rivaroxaban compared to warfarin

Thrombosis resolution is an important component of treatment for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and multiple anticoagulants are now available. It is unknown whether rivaroxaban contributes to a higher degree of thrombus resolution compared to conventional anticoagulation with warfarin. Our objective was to compare thrombus resolution for rivaroxaban versus warfarin treated patients with acute lower extremity DVT. Consecutive patients treated for proximal or distal lower extremity DVT with rivaroxaban were identified from the Mayo Thrombophilia Clinic Anticoagulants Registry (November 2015-June 2016) and compared to patients treated with warfarin. Ultrasonography/Doppler images were analyzed by two independent radiologists blinded to anticoagulant and using a standardized assessment algorithm. A total of 111 patients with DVT were studied. Sixty-three rivaroxaban treated patients were compared to 48 warfarin treated patients over a median follow up of 92 and 97 days, respectively. Percentage of patients with total or partial resolution of thrombosis was similar in rivaroxaban and warfarin treated groups (95.2% vs. 91.7%, p = 0.46, respectively); also the proportion of patients with total thrombus resolution was not significantly different (38.1% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.42, respectively). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with no thrombus resolution between rivaroxaban and warfarin treated groups either (4.8% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.63). Thrombus propagation with warfarin therapy was observed in 6.3% of patients treated with warfarin and in none of the patients from the rivaroxaban group (p = 0.08). Resolution of acute lower extremity DVT in patients treated with rivaroxaban is similar to those treated with warfarin.
Income disparities in needle biopsy patients prior to breast cancer surgery across physician peer groups.

Evaluate income disparities in receipt of needle biopsy among Medicare beneficiaries and describe the magnitude of this variation across physician peer groups. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database was queried from 2007–2009. Physician peer groups were constructed. The magnitude of income disparities and the patient-level and physician peer group-level effects were assessed. Among 9770 patients, 65.4% received needle biopsy. Patients with low income (median area-level household income < $33K) were less likely to receive needle biopsy (58.5%) compared to patients with high income (≥ $50K) (68.6%; adjusted odds ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.91). Needle biopsy varied substantially across physician peer groups (interquartile range 43.4–81.9%). The magnitude of the disparity ranged from an odds ratio (OR) of 0.50 (95% CI 0.23–1.07) for low vs. high income patients to 1.27 (95% CI 0.60–2.68). The effect of being treated by a physician peer group that treated mostly low-income patients on receipt of needle biopsy was nearly three times the effect of being a low-income patient. Needle biopsy continues to be underused and disparities by income exist. The magnitude of this disparity varies substantially across physician peer groups, suggesting that further work is needed to improve quality and reduce inequities.
Optical Analysis of Nanosecond-Lifetime Plasma Parameters

We present observations and modeling of argon gas at pressures of a few Torr that have been excited with high-voltage pulses (hundreds of volts) on the order of nanoseconds in duration. These tests are motivated by an effort to determine the feasibility of utilizing pulsed argon plasma as a conducting media in a novel antenna configuration. A vacuum chamber is constructed with plate electrodes inserted. An optical observation system is constructed to observe the temporal response. The rise time and fall time of the plasma’s optical emissions, taken as a proxy of the electron density, are measured as a function of pulse voltage and pressure using the captured optical light curve. In addition, spectroscopy measurements are made on a longer time scale. The maximum electron density of the plasma is then inferred through the use of PrismSPECT, a commercially available collisional radiative model, via the line ratio method. Measured pulsed plasmas reached their maximum ionization in as low as 5 ns and recombine in as low as 140 ns. Spectral measurements show that a 1-Torr plasma ionized with 5-ns long pulses had a maximum electron density of $5.2\times10\,\,^{\mathrm{ 20}}$ /m3 and maximum electron temperature of 1.28 eV.
Shallow metabolic depression and human spaceflight: a feasible first step

Synthetic torpor is an induced state of deep metabolic depression (MD) in an organism that does not naturally employ regulated and reversible MD. If applied to spaceflight crewmembers, this metabolic state may theoretically mitigate numerous biological and logistical challenges of human spaceflight. These benefits have been the focus of numerous recent articles where, invariably, they are discussed in the context of hypothetical deep MD states in which the metabolism of crewmembers is profoundly depressed relative to basal rates. However, inducing these deep MD states in humans, particularly humans aboard spacecraft, is currently impossible. Here, we discuss shallow MD as a feasible first step toward synthetic torpor during spaceflight and summarize perspectives following a recent NASA-hosted workshop. We discuss methods to safely induce shallow MD (e.g., sleep and slow wave enhancement via acoustic and photoperiod stimulation; moderate sedation via dexmedetomidine), which we define as an ~20% depression of metabolic rate relative to basal levels. We also discuss different modes of shallow MD application (e.g., habitual versus targeted, whereby shallow MD is induced routinely throughout a mission or only under certain circumstances, respectively) and different spaceflight scenarios that would benefit from its use. Finally, we propose a multistep development plan toward the application of synthetic torpor to human spaceflight, highlighting shallow MD's role. As space agencies develop missions to send humans further into space than ever before, shallow MD has the potential to confer health benefits for crewmembers, reduce demands on spacecraft capacities, and serve as a testbed for deeper MD technologies.
Surgical Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The cornerstone of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom management includes lifestyle modification and medical therapy. Acid suppressing medications, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), have shown great efficacy in achieving satisfactory symptom control for most patients. Development of complicated GERD while on appropriate medical therapy is a common indication for anti-reflux surgery. Patients with anatomic pathologies also often fail medical therapy and are good surgical candidates. Preoperative evaluation is very important.
Factors Associated with Disparities in Appropriate Statin Therapy in an Outpatient Inner City Population.

Lipid-lowering therapies are essential for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The aim of this study is to identify discrepancies between cholesterol management guidelines and current practice with a focus on statin treatment in an underserved population based in a large single urban medical center. Among 1042 reviewed records, we identified 464 statin-eligible patients. Age was 61.0 ± 10.4 years and 53.9% were female. Most patients were black (47.2%), followed by Hispanic (45.7%) and white (5.0%). In total, 82.1% of patients were prescribed a statin. An appropriate statin was not prescribed in 32.4% of statin-eligible patients who qualified based only on a 10-year ASCVD risk of ≥7.5%. After adjustment for gender and health insurance status, appropriate statin treatment was independently associated with age >55 years (OR = 4.59 (95% CI 1.09–16.66), p = 0.026), hypertension (OR = 2.38 (95% CI 1.29–4.38), p = 0.005) and chronic kidney disease (OR = 3.95 (95% CI 1.42–14.30), p = 0.017). Factors independently associated with statin undertreatment were black race (OR = 0.42 (95% CI 0.23–0.77), p = 0.005) and statin-eligibility based solely on an elevated 10-year ASCVD risk (OR = 0.14 (95% CI 0.07–0.25), p < 0.001). Hispanic patients were more likely to be on appropriate statin therapy when compared to black patients (86.8% vs. 77.2%). Statin underprescription is seen in approximately one out of five eligible patients and is independently associated with black race, younger age, fewer comorbidities and eligibility via 10-year ASCVD risk only. Hispanic patients are more likely to be on appropriate statin therapy compared to black patients.
Efficacy of in-class interleukin-23 inhibitor switching: risankizumab following guselkumab failure in moderate-to-severe psoriasis treatment.

The development of drugs that target the Th17 axis has had a profound effect on the treatment and management of psoriasis. IL-23 inhibitors in particular, including guselkumab and risankizumab have been shown to be highly effective and have a favorable safety profile.1 Though recent studies have shown that in-class biologic switching can be effective in the treatment of psoriasis, no investigation has assessed the efficacy of an in-class IL-23 inhibitor switch.2,3.
Observing Online Courts: Lessons from the Pandemic

We are all going through a significant period of evolution, and it means, that there's an opportunity in that, it feels burdensome right now, because so much has been taken from us. But there's such an incredible opportunity, to decide how you want to show up in the new world. Because it will be a new world. And my greatest hope is that we don't reach for normal, that we reach for better.
Abstract A34: Cancer prevention in practice at FDA

Most major categories of products reviewed at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) undergo assessment for cancer hazard, which generally is accomplished by using qualitative findings from genotoxicity tests. In some instances, two-year rodent bioassays are used for quantitative risk assessment. In the attempt to minimize the use of animals, more recently alternative approaches have included the assessment of data from chemical characterizations, QSAR, and toxicology risk assessments. Although the focus is primarily on hazard identification, or classification of agents as genotoxic or nongenotoxic, the scope of consideration is broader, including identification of potential nongenotoxic carcinogens and consideration of negative factors for carcinogenesis, such as the absence of hormonal action, rodent neoplasia, and certain histopathologic risk factors. For many (but not all) product categories, review generally includes a risk/benefit assessment. A diversity of laws, regulations, standards, and products affects the approach to cancer risk assessment in different FDA centers. Other than tobacco, little is known about the actual human risk of many products or combinations of foods, drugs, medical devices, and other exposures, over days, years, or a lifetime, relative to cancer risk. Thus, it is difficult to find yardsticks against which to consider new products. In thinking about risks to human health and the potential for tumor development, it is useful to consider the factors generally understood to be important from animal and human studies in carcinogenesis, especially from human experience with tobacco: dose, frequency, and duration of exposure; multiple exposures to agents acting via different mechanisms; inflammatory or proliferative responses; susceptible systems (based on genetics, age, or development); and time available for tumor development. High-dose single-agent testing in animals has been validly criticized as a poor model for human cancer risk, particularly given the expense, time, and large numbers of animals required. Replacement models suitable for FDA premarket product safety review are needed, particularly representing the real world of multiple exposures and individual human susceptibilities. Citation Format: Rosalie K. Elespuru. Cancer prevention in practice at FDA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr A34.
Estimating the money demand function for Saudi Arabia using divisia monetary aggregate

This paper constructs the broader Divisia monetary aggregate (D2) for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the period from 1999 to 2018. Unlike the traditional money supply aggregate (M2), movements of...
DOES BRAIN ACTIVATION DURING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT TASKS DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN GOOD AND BAD MOVERS? AN INTEGRATED NEUROIMAGING ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR CONTROL IN YOUNG ATHLETES:

Background:Aberrant frontal and sagittal plane knee motor control biomechanics contribute to increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. Emergent data further indicates alterations in b...
A Revolutionary Idea: The Implantable Defibrillator: A Lifesaver

In this chapter, the author describes the sudden deaths of two of his patients before the advent of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Subsequently he describes the saga of Dr. Michel Mirowski, the inventor of the ICD, and its development together with Dr. Morton Mower in the basement of the Sinai Hospital in Baltimore. Finally, the author provides examples of two of his patients saved by the ICD.
Dynamics of infectious disease in clustered networks with arbitrary degree distributions

AbstractWe investigate the e ects of heterogeneous and clustered contact patterns onthe timescale and nal size of infectious disease epidemics. The abundance oftransitive relationships (the number of 3 cliques) in a network and the varianceof the degree distribution are shown to have large e ects on the number ulti-mately infected and how quickly the epidemic propagates. The network modelis based on a simple generalization of the con guration model, and epidemicdynamics are modeled with a low dimensional system of ordinary di erentialequations. Because of the simplicity of this model, we are able to explore alarge parameter space and characterize dynamics over a wide range of networktopologies. We nd that the interaction between clustering and the degree distri-bution is complex, and that clustering always slows down an epidemic, but thatsimultaneously increasing clustering and variance of the degree distribution canpotentially increase nal epidemic size. In contrast to solutions for unclusteredcon guration model networks, we nd that bond percolation solutions for the nal epidemic size are potentially biased if they do not take variable infectiousperiods into account.Keywords: networks, SIR, clustering, percolationThe degree distribution and the clustering coecient [1] are two of the mostcommonly investigated features of networks with respect to di usion and epi-demic processes. We consider the problem of the the dynamic spread of aninfectious disease in a population modeled as a random graph.While the in-uence of the degree distribution on epidemic dynamics is now a well studiedproblem[2, 3, 4, 5], there is still substantial debate about the e ects of cluster-ing. Some investigations have indicated that clustering may decrease epidemicthresholds, in e ect making it more likely that an epidemic will occur followingan initial introduction [6]. Other studies have found that the relationships be-tween clustering and epidemic thresholds is complex [7, 8, 9], and depends on
CHAPTER 29 – Metabolism of Iron and Heme

Heme, an iron–porphyrin complex, is the prosthetic group of various important proteins. Heme proteins or enzymes are involved in redox reactions and participate in many oxidation reactions required for synthesis of metabolically important compounds as well as for degradation and detoxification of waste products and environmental toxins. Ionic forms of iron also participate in a variety of enzymatic reactions as nonheme irons, which are present as iron–sulfur clusters. Iron homeostasis in the body is in a delicate balance, and the deficiency or the excess of iron results in abnormalities and presents as a common cause of human diseases. The key players of iron metabolism include iron-responsive elements of appropriate mRNAs, iron regulatory proteins divalent metal transporter 1, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like protein designated as HFE protein, β 2 -microglobulin, transferrin, transferrin receptor, and ferritin. The dietary requirement for iron depends on the amount and composition of the food, the amount of iron lost from the body, and variations in physiological state, such as growth, onset of menses, and pregnancy. Dietary factors that affect absorption are more important than the iron content of the diet and may be more important for correction of iron deficiency than addition of iron to the diet. Iron in food exists mainly in the ferric (Fe 3+ ) state, complexed to proteins, amino acids, organic acids, or heme. It is absorbed in the ferrous state, with reduction being accomplished in the gastrointestinal tract by ascorbate, succinate, and amino acids.
CT protocol management: simplifying the process by using a master protocol concept

This article explains a method for creating CT protocols for a wide range of patient body sizes and clinical indications, using detailed tube current information from a small set of commonly used protocols. Analytical expressions were created relating CT technical acquisition parameters which can be used to create new CT protocols on a given scanner or customize protocols from one scanner to another. Plots of mA as a function of patient size for specific anatomical regions were generated and used to identify the tube output needs for patients as a function of size for a single master protocol. Tube output data were obtained from the DICOM header of clinical images from our PACS and patient size was measured from CT localizer radiographs under IRB approval. This master protocol was then used to create 11 additional master protocols. The 12 master protocols were further combined to create 39 single and multiphase clinical protocols. Radiologist acceptance rate of exams scanned using the clinical protocols was monitored for 12,857 patients to analyze the effectiveness of the presented protocol management methods using a two-tailed Fisher's exact test. A single routine adult abdominal protocol was used as the master protocol to create 11 additional master abdominal protocols of varying dose and beam energy. Situations in which the maximum tube current would have been exceeded are presented, and the trade-offs between increasing the effective tube output via 1) decreasing pitch, 2) increasing the scan time, or 3) increasing the kV are discussed. Out of 12 master protocols customized across three different scanners, only one had a statistically significant acceptance rate that differed from the scanner it was customized from. The difference, however, was only 1% and was judged to be negligible. All other master protocols differed in acceptance rate insignificantly between scanners. The methodology described in this paper allows a small set of master protocols to be adapted among different clinical indications on a single scanner and among different CT scanners.
A study on first-day ambulation in obstetrics.

Abstract We have presented 1,010 patients delivered at or near term with whom routine ambulation was started on different days. Those ambulated on or before the first postpartum day had four and five times, respectively, fewer complications than those ambulated on the second and third days or the group up and about on and after the fourth postpartum day. The evidence of decreased incidence of infections incidental to the puerperium is striking, and the proof of earlier restoration of normal physiological function seems inescapable.
SenseCluster for Exploring Large Data Repositories

Exploring and making sense of large data repositories has become a daunting task. This is especially the case for end users who often have limited access to the data due to the complexity of the retrieval process and limited availability of IT support for developing custom queries and reports based on the data. Consequently, traditional interfaces are no longer meeting these requirements. Instead, novel interfaces are required to fully support the sense making process. In this paper, we followed a design science approach and introduced a query clustering system (Sense Cluster) that could serve as a quick exploration tool for making better sense of large data repositories. We also present an evaluation of the effectiveness of our artifact using cognitive walkthroughs.
Pretense in Parquetry in Raymond Chandler's THE BIG SLEEP

At the start of chapter 22 in The Big Sleep, detective Philip Marlowe describes an old parquet floor “laid in elaborate patterns, with the accuracy of a transit,” in a formerly grand hotel that now...
Asian Americans with Disabilities: Influence of the Disability Rights Movement on Culturally Competent Social Work Practice

This article discusses the implications for culturally relevant social work practice with Asian Americans with disabilities based on the goals and philosophy of the disability rights movement. Standards of practice within the social work profession, especially in the health care and rehabilitation settings, have included changes in conceptual framework and practice roles in response to the disability rights movement. Using a case study as an example, the article focuses on the cultural values of Asian Americans with disabilities to identify obstacles to incorporating mutually shared premises into social work practice. Some of the concepts of the disability rights movement need to be redefined in a culturally competent way so that social workers can respond appropriately to the needs of Asian Americans with disabilities. The implications are that social work practice must integrate and apply cultural values with support of the full functioning of people with disabilities.
Profiling a killer, the development of Cryptococcus neoformans

The ability of fungi to transition between unicellular and multicellular growth has a profound impact on our health and the economy. Many important fungal pathogens of humans, animals, and plants are dimorphic, and the ability to switch between morphological states has been associated with their virulence. Cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised and, in some cases, immunocompetent hosts. Cryptococcus neoformans grows vegetatively as a budding yeast and switches to hyphal growth during the sexual cycle, which is important in the study of cryptococcal pathogenicity because spores resulting from sexual development are infectious propagules and can colonize the lungs of a host. In addition, sexual reproduction contributes to the genotypic variability of Cryptococcus species, which may lead to increased fitness and virulence. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of C. neoformans, our knowledge is still incomplete. Recent studies have led to the emergence of many intriguing questions and hypotheses. In this review, we describe and discuss the most interesting aspects of C. neoformans development and address their impact on pathogenicity.
Nurse practitioners’ work hours and overtime: How much, and under what working conditions?

AbstractPurpose:To explore the nature and prevalence of nurse practitioner (NP) overtime, work hours, and their relationship to practice within NP work conditions.Data sources:A secondary analysis of data extracted from the 2012 National Sample Survey of Nurse Practitioners. The focus in this study
Production of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 mediated by the kinase Itpkb inhibits store-operated calcium channels and regulates B cell selection and activation

Antigen receptor-mediated production of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) in lymphocytes triggers the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores; this release of Ca2+ results in the opening of store-operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. Here we report that mice lacking Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase B (Itpkb), which converts Ins(1,4,5)P3 to inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4), had impaired B lymphocyte development and defective immunoglobulin G3 antibody responses to a T lymphocyte-independent antigen. Itpkb-deficient B lymphocytes had the phenotypic and functional features of tolerant B lymphocytes and showed enhanced activity of store-operated Ca2+ channels after B lymphocyte receptor stimulation, which was reversed by the provision of exogenous Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Our data identify Itpkb and its product Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 as inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels and crucial regulators of B cell selection and activation.
Misplaced caval filter and subsequent pericardial tamponade

Use of the Greenfield filter for partial caval interruption is generally accepted as the most reliable mechanical method of pulmonary embolus prophylaxis. However, there have been reports of a variety of (usually nonfatal) complications. We report here the near-fatal complication of acute pericardial tamponade after misplacement of a Greenfield filter. Because of the filter's unusual location, retrieval required cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hyperthermia, and circulatory arrest.
Exploring endogeneity of macroscopic speed parameters: empirical study during low volume conditions in construction work zones

This paper uses a simultaneous equation modeling approach to explore the relationships between mean speed, standard deviation of speed and work zone design characteristics. Data for model estimation were collected in 17 work zones on four-lane, divided freeways in Pennsylvania and Texas. The three-stage least squares estimator was used, as it is both consistent and efficient in the presence of endogeneity and error covariance. The fixed effects and random effects estimators with instrumental variables were also used to address possible unobserved heterogeneity. RESULTS pointed towards a truly simultaneous structure, where mean speed is determined by exogenous design and traffic control features and the standard deviation of speed and the standard deviation of speed is dependent on design and traffic control features as well as mean speed. A number of work zone design and traffic control features directly influenced both speed parameters. FINDINGS of this research indicate the relationship between speed magnitude, speed dispersion and work zone design and traffic control features is more complex than documented generalizations made in current work zone design and traffic control decision processes.
Factor rings of integers

(1989). Factor Rings of Integers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 6, pp. 521-522.
From Hired Hand to Day Worker: Household Labor in the United States, 1800–1920

After decades of studies of industrial wage earners, historians have recently added other groups of workers to their research agenda. Sales clerks, office workers, telephone operators, nurses, and finally domestic servants are receiv ing long-overdue attention. Domestic service merits scholarly examination for a number of reasons. According to the federal census, household employment was the numerically most important field of work for women until 1940. Women are also impor tant in the history of household labor as employers and reformers. Technolog ical change and industrialization have redefined the nature of housework, as has been the case in other paid work, but in unique ways. Domestic service is also integrally related to the critical indexes of social change: urbanization, economic development, the abolition of slavery, immigration, and war at home and abroad. Domestic service can then be profitably examined from the points of view of work, family life, women's experience, ethnic, and black history.