cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Linear Quadratic Design with Application to F-16 Fighter Aircraft

This paper investigates an adaptive linear quadratic (ALQ) control design with its application to the longitudinal model of the F-16 fighter aircraft. The certainty equivalence principle is used to combine the adaptive law with the control structure of the standard linear quadratic (LQ) problems. The aerodynamics of the F-16 fighter aircraft is linearized at different trimmed conditions, and the traditional gain scheduling LQ design is also implemented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of ALQ control design over LQ design with gain scheduling, in that it can discern aerodynamics changes and adapt the control laws accordingly. This also helps the system to achieve fault-tolerance to control surface damage. The large computer storage requirement required for a gain scheduled LQ design is also avoided. Nomenclature
Isolation and Preservation of Human Myoglobin for Use in Immunologic Detection of Myoglobinuria

SummaryAddition of formaldehyde to ammonium sulfate extracts of myoglobin from human muscle increased the stability and the antigenicity of the myoglobin. Antiserum to this preserved extract does not react with hemoglobin. Immunologic tests of formaldehyde-preserved urine indicated that myoglobin or a myoglobin-like substance was present in all urines tested. Urines containing bile and urines from patients with recent myocardial infarctions contained larger amounts of the immunologically reactive substance.
Effect of acid-catalyzed formation rates of benzimidazole-linked polymers on porosity and selective CO2 capture from gas mixtures

Benzimidazole-linked polymers (BILPs) are emerging candidates for gas storage and separation applications; however, their current synthetic methods offer limited control over textural properties which are vital for their multifaceted use. In this study, we investigate the impact of acid-catalyzed formation rates of the imidazole units on the porosity levels of BILPs and subsequent effects on CO2 and CH4 binding affinities and selective uptake of CO2 over CH4 and N2. Treatment of 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride hydrate with 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)benzene and 1,3,5-(4-formylphenyl)-benzene in anhydrous DMF afforded porous BILP-15 (448 m2 g–1) and BILP-16 (435 m2 g–1), respectively. Alternatively, the same polymers were prepared from the neutral 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine and catalytic amounts of aqueous HCl. The resulting polymers denoted BILP-15(AC) and BILP-16(AC) exhibited optimal surface areas; 862 m2 g–1 and 643 m2 g–1, respectively, only when 2 equiv of HCl (0.22 M) was used. In contrast,...
The Morphogenesis of Renal Parenchymal Maldevelopment (Renal Dysplasia)

Dysplastic and primitive structures appear to result from injury to the developing and immature kidney rather than from an inherent abnormality of the metanephric blastema.
Radical Cystectomy without Radiation Therapy for Carcinoma of the Bladder

AbstractA review of a 20-year experience of radical cystectomy identified 99 patients who had not undergone preoperative radiation therapy. The 5-year survival rate of patients with clinical high stage lesions (T3, T4a) was 40 per cent. Life-table analyses showed that survival rate in this group was comparable with that reported for other groups receiving preoperative radiation therapy. The pelvic recurrence rate was 9 per cent and was frequently related to either urethral or nodal disease. Unquantifiable patient selection factors may well limit the reliability of these results.
Clinical Presentation of Intracranial Metastases

Intracranial metastases are the single most costly neurologic ailment. This article provides the clinician with detailed statements of the patterns of their appearance and tumors of origin. Most common causative cancers are of lung, breast, or melanoma origin. Aggressive therapies carry with them the risk of nervous system dissemination of rare tumors, remote complications of these cancers and the morbidity of therapy.
Bildung and the Hidden “S knows that p”

This chapter makes the case that contemporary schooling is grounded in a flawed model of knowing, which draws together mistakes in thinking about the nature of the self of knowledge, and of reality. This model hinges on a particular view of knowers, knowing, and knowledge expressed logically as “S knows that p” (SP), which is both the paradigmatic model of knowing of analytic epistemology and grounds the larger, technocratic rationality characterizing Modern thought. This chapter begins by describing the philosophical underpinnings of the SP model and then articulates its presence within contemporary educational theory and practice. It then describes the German conception of Bildung and argues that it must replace SP as the guiding paradigm of knowing within educational practice.
Oral anticoagulation in end-stage renal disease and atrial fibrillation: is it time to just say no to drugs?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently complicates the management of chronic kidney disease, especially in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). AF occurs in approximately one in five of the 650 000 patients with ESRD in the USA.1 ESRD confers increased risk for AF, while AF hastens progression to ESRD. The presence of chronic kidney disease in patients with AF is associated with an increased risk for ischaemic stroke independent of traditional risk factors. In addition, chronic kidney disease and particularly ESRD are associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Little is understood about how to safely reduce the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with AF and ESRD. Prospective trials of AF have uniformly excluded patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30 mL/hour. ESRD produces alterations in haemostasis that predispose patients to haemorrhagic (platelet α granule depletion, reduced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression) and thrombotic (increased circulating fibrinogen) complications, limiting extrapolation of data from patients with normal renal function. Data on the net clinical effect of warfarin in patients with ESRD are limited to observational studies. Many experiences have suggested harm in the form of excess stroke and death, while others have suggested benefit (table 1).2–6 Reflecting uncertainty in the available body of evidence, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) modified their 2011 consensus statement on cardiovascular disease to recommend against routine oral anticoagulation in dialysis patients with AF.1 In contrast, the most recent 2014 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/Heart Rhythm Society guidelines on AF provide a grade IIa recommendation for use of warfarin in ESRD. View this table: Table 1 Outcomes associated with warfarin therapy in …
Gadolinium Complex for the Catch and Release of Phosphate from Water

The ability of complexes of hard and labile metal ions with one or more open coordination sites to capture phosphates with high affinity and selectivity directly in water at neutral pH and release them under acidic conditions is evaluated with Gadolinium- 2,2',2''-(((nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(azanediyl))tris(carbonyl))tris(4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-olate) (Gd-TREN-MAM). This model lanthanide complex has two open coordination sites that, at neutral pH, are filled with water molecules. In water at neutral pH, Gd-TREN-MAM binds phosphate with high affinity (Ka = 1.3 × 104) via the formation of a ternary complex in which one phosphate replaces both inner-sphere water molecules. The formation of this complex is highly pH-dependent; the phosphate is completely released from Gd-TREN-MAM below pH 2. Because the GdIII ion remains complexed by its ligand, even under strong acidic conditions, Gd-TREN-MAM can be used at least 10 times in a pH-based recycling scheme that enables the catch and release of one phosphate p...
Electromagnetic fields from quantum sources in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract We compute the electromagnetic field created by an ultrarelativistic charged particle in vacuum at distances comparable to the particle Compton wavelength. The wave function of the particle is governed by the Klein-Gordon equation, for a scalar particle, or the Dirac equation, for a spin-half particle. The produced electromagnetic field is essentially different in magnitude and direction from the Coulomb field, induced by a classical point charge, due to the quantum diffusion effect. Thus, a realistic computation of the electromagnetic field produced in heavy-ion collisions must be based upon the full quantum treatment of the valence quarks.
Implicit predictions of future rewards and their electrophysiological correlates

Abstract Information that is motivationally relevant to an organism’s survival demands preferential attention. Affective mechanisms facilitate attentional shifts and potentiate action to allow organisms to respond appropriately to motivationally relevant information. Previous work has demonstrated that the late-positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential elicited by inherently emotional stimuli. For example, the LPP typically is evoked by images of weapons or erotica. The present study investigates stimuli that are not inherently emotional, but that implicitly (without participants’ awareness) predict future monetary gains and losses. Results indicate that, relative to non-predictive cues, these predictive cues elicited frontally distributed positive potential. These results suggest that prediction of future rewards evokes neural responses that are similar to those evoked by inherently emotional stimuli. Results also indicate that monetary gains and losses elicit a frontally distributed LPP.
The Health Network Tennengau – The first population oriented integrated chronic care programme for persons with multiple chronic conditions in Austria

We report of our work on a “thick description” of a population oriented integrated care programme in Austria, the Health Network Tennengau (HNT). The HNT is a bottom-up network comprised of social and health service providers and voluntary organisations in the Tennengau region, which is a rural area in the state of Salzburg. The HNT has its origin in a pilot project for medical home nursing care introduced in 1995 and has since gradually evolved into a comprehensive network, targeting all inhabitants of the Tennengau region. However, the activities are especially geared towards senior citizens with multiple medical and social requirements. Document analysis and interviews conducted during the Horizon 2020 project SELFIE show that the HTN puts the patient at the centre of the care process and aims to facilitate integrated care around the patient, namely to provide information, counselling, coordination and interface management through case and care management and improved communication. The interconnectedness with non-medical service providers is a central concern for all stakeholder of the HNT. Thus, the HNT is at its core not a medical programme, but a network between doctors, hospitals, care facilities and diverse social institutions in the region. The HNT has been successful for more than 20 years due to voluntary work and a culture of respect between all stakeholders. However, the sustainability has always been at risk as despite its success, continuous financing has been hard to secure, resulting in limited compensation for the involved partners, a lack of resources for public relations work, as well as a lack of funding especially at the start of pilot projects. As a consequence, the HNT still relies to a high degree on voluntary work. However, this also constitutes a weakness of the HNT, as it is not easily transferable. In other regions, not only the culture, but also voluntary stakeholders are lacking to build up integrated care without proper payment. Thus, the HNT offers manifold points for development that can only be spread by securing a sustainable financing. However, the fact that the HNT has persevered despite a lot of such adverse factors makes it an interesting case to learn from.
Air-propelled Abrasive Grit can Damage the Perennial Weed Quackgrass

New techniques are needed to control quackgrass in organic crops. With ≥2 applications of abrasive air-propelled (800 kPa) corncob grit to 15-cm-tall quackgrass tillers, regrowth was minimal at 5 wk after treatment. Abrasive grits may be effective tools to help manage perennial weeds in organic row crops.
Cyclanilide Promotes Lateral Branching in Nursery Production of Woody Landscape Species

Abstract During nursery production of landscape trees and shrubs it is desirable to promote the development of well-branched plants to achieve a uniform, full appearance. Branching may be promoted with multiple prunings but this is labor-intensive and expensive. In this study, spray applications of the bioregulator, cyclanilide (CYC), were evaluated for promotion of lateral branching on several container-grown landscape species. CYC spray concentrations of 0, 54, 106, and 212 ppm resulted in a linear increase in new lateral shoots for ‘Muskogee’ crape myrtle, ‘Pinkie’ and Eleanor Taber™ Indian hawthorn, and ‘Girard Rose’ azalea, and a quadratic increase in lateral shoots for ‘Compacta’ inkberry holly. Treatments to crape myrtle also caused a delay in flowering. CYC applications to Fraser photinia caused phytotoxic symptoms of leaf yellowing, blotching and curling, and increased susceptibility to entomosporium leaf spot.
Synthesis of water dispersible boron core silica shell (B@SiO2) nanoparticles

Water dispersible boron nanoparticles have great potential as materials for boron neutron capture therapy of cancer and magnetic resonance imaging, if they are prepared on a large scale with uniform size and shape and hydrophilic modifiable surface. We report the first method to prepare spherical, monodisperse, water dispersible boron core silica shell nanoparticles (B@SiO2 NPs) suitable for aforementioned biomedical applications. In this method, 40 nm elemental boron nanoparticles, easily prepared by mechanical milling and carrying 10-undecenoic acid surface ligands, are hydrosilylated using triethoxysilane, followed by base-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane, which forms a 10-nm silica shell around the boron core. This simple two-step process converts irregularly shaped hydrophobic boron particles into the spherically shaped uniform nanoparticles. The B@SiO2 NPs are dispersible in water and the silica shell surface can be modified with primary amines that allow for the attachment of a fluorophore and, potentially, of targeting moieties.
The colossal hats (pukao) of monumental statues on Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile): Analyses of pukao variability, transport, and emplacement

Abstract The archaeological record of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile) is noteworthy for its massive statues (moai) that were transported over long distances with relatively small numbers of people and minimal use of resources. Equally impressive are the colossal bodies of red scoria (pukao) placed on the heads of many of the moai. In this study, we use three-dimensional models of 50 pukao found across the island and 13 red scoria cylinders from Puna Pau, the island's pukao quarry, to study the process of pukao manufacture, transport, and placement atop statues. Our analysis identifies surface features that are explained by the process of construction and transport of these multi-ton objects. Based on shared physical features of pukao, evidence in the archaeological record, and the physics necessary for pukao movement, we propose a falsifiable hypothesis in which relatively small numbers of people rolled pukao up stone ramps to place pukao atop moai. We conclude that activities of pukao production and transport did not require oversight by a centralized political authority, nor do they support notions of a large population that collapsed with “ecological suicide” on Rapa Nui.
Efecto del glicerol como fuente de carbono adicional en la obtención de biomasa y ácidos grasos en cultivos chlorella vulgaris en un foto-biorreactor de panel plano a escala de laboratorio

En este proyecto de investigacion se trabajo con la micro-alga Chlorella Vulgaris, con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia del glicerol, como nueva fuente posible de carbono, para la produccion de biomasa y acidos grasos. Se utilizo como medio de cultivo el fertilizante foliar (conocido comercialmente como FOLIAGRO) por poseer los macro y micronutrien- tes necesarios para el crecimiento adecuado de la micro-alga. Para la investigacion, fueron evaluadas tres diferentes concentraciones de glicerol (10, 15 y 20 g/L) en un foto-biorreactor de panel plano, con capacidad de trabajo de 1,4 L. El crecimiento micro- algar se llevo a cabo en incubadoras, donde se mo- nitorean las condiciones adecuadas de crecimiento. La agitacion se realizo por medio de bombas para acuario con capacidad de 4 L/min, fotoperiodo de 12L: 120 (Luz, Oscuridad), intensidad luminica con lamparas halogenas de luz rojas y 8W, temperatura de 21 °C ± 3 °C y pH 6-7; y el crecimiento se determino por medio de conteos en camara de Neu- bauer. Para la obtencion de biomasa se realizaron los procesos secuenciales de sedimentacion, centrifugacion y liofilizacion. Despues, fue evaluada la biomasa seca por medio de una cromatografia de gases, acoplada a su espectro, para determinar asi el perfil lipidico de la misma. El glicerol demostro ser una fuente de carbono util en el crecimiento de C. Vulgaris. La concentracion de 15 g/L, resulto ser el medio mas favorable para el crecimiento celular, durante los 12 dias de experimentacion (crecimiento maximo 2,29x107 Cel/mL).
Gender in the 2016 US Presidential Primaries

This chapter gives an overview of the 2016 Presidential Election in the United States within the theoretical framework of gender and political marketing. The chapter provides background to, and important highlights from, the Democratic and the Republican Primaries, leading to the convention and the general election. It analyzes the myriad of ways gender influenced the 2016 US presidential election focusing not only on Hillary Clinton’s gender expression and expectation but also on Donald Trump’s gender performance. Thereupon, the analysis addresses phenomena such as Sanghvi’s 4Cs political marketing mix, candidate positioning, femininity, women as moral centers, and the old boys’ club. The chapter also includes specific case studies of campaign logos, divergence in media coverage, and the overall campaign focuses and controversies.
Meaning, Truth and Ontology

This chapter relates our approach to semantics and pragmatics described in the previous chapter to traditional theories of philosophical logic and model theory. This discussion is relevant for two reasons. Logical semantics in general, and predicate calculus in particular, have become the main paradigm for analyzing meaning in natural language. At the same time, predicate calculus plays an important role in Artificial Intelligence, including automatic theorem proving, rule based deductions, and planning. Therefore, this chapter may be read as an investigation of the ontological assumptions of model-theoretic semantics, and as a study of the “epistemological problems” of Artificial Intelligence (in the sense of McCarthy (1977)).
Sodium Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Sodium balance is reasonably well maintained in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients until renal function is extensively diminished. Patients do not usually develop either edema or sodium depletion during the early stages of CKD. The adaptive response to decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the face of a constant (or high) sodium intake is an increase in the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa). This, in turn, requires a reduction in sodium reabsorption per nephron. In most circumstances, this is protective and prevents or limits sodium retention and extracellular fluid volume expansion. However, if dietary sodium intake is suddenly or greatly reduced, the chronically diseased kidney cannot immediately adjust. Distal nephron tubular function is not permanently impaired because the kidney can adequately adjust to decreases in sodium intake if the changes occur slowly. Hypertension is very common in CKD patients. Control of extracellular fluid volume through diet, and dialysis prescription in the case of end-stage renal disease, is the most effective means of controlling blood pressure. The KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines recommends that dietary sodium intake be limited to no more than 2.4 g/day.
Differential Effects of Pentobarbital, Ketamine Hydrochloride, Enflurane, and Halothane on Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

Induction and maintanance of general anesthesia are associated with significant changes in factors that regulate intracranial fluid dynamics. As a result of intensive research during the past 30 years, understanding of the mechanisms by which anesthetic agents influence intracranial pressure (ICP) and fluid dynamics has improved considerably. Insights have been gained through the development of innnovative research strategies and methodology in the study of anesthetics and cardiorespiratory physiology, cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), ICP, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics.5,24, 29, 36, 41, 44, 53, 57, 64
Determination of Best Tropopause Definition for Convective Transport Studies

AbstractAn idealized three-dimensional cloud-resolving model is used to investigate the sensitivity of cross-tropopause convective mass transport to tropopause definition. A simulation is conducted...
Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: the mediating role of generative and acquisitive learning through customer relationships

The concept of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) attracts much discussion and debate in the academic literature. As knowledge about EO has expanded, increased consideration is being given to the causal processes linking EO with superior firm performance. Building on the growing body of research on learning through interorganizational relationships, we introduce acquisitive learning and generative learning through key customer relationships as distinct conduits for the translation of EO into performance effectiveness. The research model is empirically examined using structural equation modeling on data obtained from small-and-medium sized high-technology firms in the United States. Findings indicate that EO boosts generative and acquisitive learning through customer relationships, and both generative and acquisitive learning have significant positive impact on firm performance. Notably, although generative learning and acquisitive learning through customer relationships act as mediators of the EO-performance link, the mediating effect through generative learning is significantly stronger than through acquisitive learning. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Immediate effect of pain neuroscience education for recent onset low back pain: an exploratory single arm trial.

ABSTRACTStudy Design: A prospective, single-arm, pre-postintervention study.Objective: To determine the preliminary usefulness of providing pain neuroscience education (PNE) on improving pain and movement in patients presenting with non-chronic mechanical low back pain (LBP).Background: PNE has been shown to be an effective intervention for the treatment of chronic LBP but its usefulness in patients with non-chronic LBP has not been examined.Methods: A single group cohort pilot study was conducted. Eighty consecutive patients with LBP < 3 months completed a demographics questionnaire, leg and LBP rating (Numeric Pain Rating Scale – NPRS), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), fear-avoidance (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), central sensitization (Central Sensitization Inventory), pain knowledge (Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire), risk assessment (Keele STarT Back Screening Tool), active trunk flexion and straight leg raise (SLR). Pati...
A ruptured vulvar labial artery pseudoaneurysm causes a secondary postpartum hemorrhage: A case report.

Author(s): Leaf, Marie-Claire; Schmidt, Luke; Serna-Gallegos, Tasha; Lane, Felicia | Abstract: Background:Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal morbidity in the United States. However, secondary postpartum hemorrhage is rare and includes pseudoaneurysms, which represent only 3.3% of all cases of secondary postpartum hemorrhage. Vulvar labial artery pseudoaneurysm had never been reported in the literature. Case:This is a case of ruptured vulvar labial pseudoaneurysm leading to secondary postpartum hemorrhage. Computerized tomography angiography showed it to be located in a distal branch of the vulvar labial artery. This location is unique, although there are reported cases of pseudoaneurysms in the uterine artery. The patient was successfully treated with arterial embolization. Conclusion:Recognition of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm as the cause of postpartum hemorrhage allows for its proper management by arterial embolization.
Bioethical Ideals, Actual Practice, and the Double Life of Norms

Normative ideals are a subject of interest to theorists from a wide range of disciplines. Philosophers and bioethicists often participate in a venerable tradition of doing “ideal theory,” explicitl...
CHAPTER 4 – Discrete Distributions

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of discrete distributions. A univariate distribution function is the distribution function of a single random variable. A sequence of n Bernoulli trials is a game consisting of n trials, which satisfy the three requirements: (i) one of the two possible incompatible events, denoted by S and F, occurs as the outcome of each trial, (ii) the outcome of each trial is independent of the outcomes of the other trials, and (iii) the probability of S occurring at a trial does not change from trial to trial. Hypergeometric distribution is obtained through sampling without replacement. The Poisson distribution can be obtained as an approximation to the binomial distribution when the probability of success is small and Bernoulli trials are large. The chapter discusses two important joint discrete density functions: the multivariate hypergeometric distribution and the multinomial distribution. Conditional discrete densities are nothing other than the conditional probabilities of events. The multinomial distribution can be derived using the notion of conditional density.
Dynamic hosting capacity analysis for distributed photovoltaic resources—Framework and case study

Abstract Distributed photovoltaic systems can cause adverse distribution system impacts, including voltage violations at customer locations and thermal overload of lines, transformers, and other equipment resulting from high current. The installed capacity at which violations first occur and above which would require system upgrades is called the hosting capacity. Current static methods for determining hosting capacity tend to either consider infrequent worst-case snapshots in time and/or capture coarse time and spatial resolution. Because the duration of violations cannot be captured with these traditional methods, the metric thresholds used in these studies conservatively use the strictest constraints given in operating standards, even though both worse voltage performance and higher overloads may be temporarily acceptable. However, assessing the full details requires accurately capturing time-dependence, voltage-regulating equipment operations, and performance of advanced controls-based mitigation techniques. In this paper, we propose a dynamic distributed photovoltaic hosting capacity methodology to address these issues by conducting power flow analysis for a full year. A key contribution is the formulation of time aware metrics to take these annual results and identify the hosting capacity. Through a case study, we show that this approach can more fully capture grid impacts of distributed photovoltaic than traditional methods and the dynamic hosting capacity was 60%–200% higher than the static hosting capacity in this case study.
Loss of Protein C in Zebrafish Results in Impaired Neutrophil Migration after Tissue Injury

Hemostasis is a natural protective process that developed to retain a circulating blood system, conferred by a complicated yet sophisticated balance of factors. Disturbances of this network result in thrombosis or hemorrhage. Among many well-characterized coagulation factors, protein C (PC) exhibits multifunctional roles including anticoagulant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. The importance of PC has been demonstrated not only by the increased risk of venous thrombosis in individuals with heterozygous deficiency, but also the observed neonatal lethality in patients. Knockout mice exhibit similar neonatal lethality, which has made it difficult to further study complete deficiency. The zebrafish is a vertebrate organism that is characterized by a powerful genetic system, prolific breeding, rapid and transparent development, and a well described and highly conserved coagulation cascade. Here we utilize genome editing to generate a null allele of the PC gene (proc) in zebrafish and discover that its loss not only impairs hemostatic balance, but also affects neutrophil recruitment to sites of tissue injury. Through examination of publicly available zebrafish genome sequence, we determined that the proc locus is duplicated in tandem, resulting in two closely adjacent copies with nearly identical sequences. We used CRISPR/Cas9 with two single guide RNAs flanking the entire locus to produce a 17.3 kilobase deletion that knocks out both copies of proc to produce a complete null mutation, verified by sequencing and quantitative PCR. proc-/- mutants survived well into adulthood, with ~50% lethality by seven months of age. The embryonic survival and accessibility enabled us to perform intravital microscopy to evaluate the hemostatic effects of PC deficiency. We used laser-induced endothelial injury on the posterior cardinal vein (PCV) at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), which typically results in rapid formation of an occlusive fibrin-rich thrombus. proc-/- mutants had an average time to occlusion of 60 seconds versus 13 seconds in controls (p Disclosures Shavit: Bayer: Consultancy; Taked: Consultancy.
Hyaluronic Acid-Based Shape-Memory Cryogel Scaffolds for Focal Cartilage Defect Repair

Traumatic joint injuries can result in significant cartilage defects, which can greatly increase the risk of osteoarthritis development. Due to the limited self-healing capacity of avascular cartilage, tissue engineering approaches are required for filling defects and promoting cartilage regeneration. Current approaches utilize invasive surgical procedures for extraction and implantation of autologous chondrocytes; therefore, injectable biomaterials have gained interest to minimize the risk of infection as well as patient pain and discomfort. In this study, we engineered biomimetic, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based cryogel scaffolds that possess shape-memory properties as they contract and regain their shape after syringe injection to noninvasively fill cartilage defects. The cryogels, fabricated with HA and glycidyl methacrylate at -20°C, resulted in an elastic, macroporous, and highly interconnected network that provided a conducive microenvironment for chondrocytes to remain viable and metabolically active after injection through a syringe needle. Chondrocytes seeded within cryogels and cultured for 15 days exhibited enhanced cell proliferation, metabolism, and production of cartilage extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans compared with HA-based hydrogels. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed production of collagen type II from chondrocyte-seeded cryogels, indicating the maintenance of cell phenotype. These results demonstrate the potential of chondrocyte-seeded, HA-based, injectable cryogel scaffolds to promote regeneration of cartilage tissue for nonsurgically invasive defect repair. Impact statement Hyaluronic acid-based shape-memory cryogels provide a conducive microenvironment for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation, and matrix biosynthesis for use in repair of cartilage defects. Due to their sponge-like elastic properties, cryogels can fully recover their original shape back after injection while not impacting metabolism or viability of encapsulated cells. Clinically, they provide an opportunity for filling focal cartilage defects by using a single, minimally invasive injection of a cell encapsulating biocompatible three-dimensional scaffold that can return to its original structure to fit the defect geometry and enable matrix regeneration.
Some identities and formulas derived from analysis of distribution functions including Bernoulli polynomials and Stirling numbers

In this paper, we investigate applications of characteristic function of the uniform density function. Using this characteristic function, some identities and formulas associated with Bernoulli polynomials of negative order, Stirling numbers and probability distribution functions were derived.
Irish literature in transition, 1940–1980: edited by Eve Patten, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 391 pp., £89.99 (hardback), ISBN 9781108480444

Irish Literature in Transition, 1940–1980, edited by Eve Patten, is the fifth collection of essays in Cambridge University Press’s series of surveys of modern Irish literature from 1700–2020. This ...
How Assumptions and Preferences Can Affect Patient Care: An Introduction to Implicit Bias for First-Year Medical Students

Introduction Instruction in implicit bias is becoming prevalent across the spectrum of medical training. Little education exists for preclinical students, and guidance for faculty to facilitate suc...
Trends in leadership at shoulder and elbow fellowships: a cross-sectional demographic review.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine educational characteristics, trends, and demographics among shoulder and elbow fellowship leaders (FLs). Background Fellowship leaders in shoulder and elbow impart lasting impact on trainees and field development. Four previous studies have analyzed the characteristics and career path trends among orthopedic surgery subspecialty FLs (spine, adult reconstruction, trauma, and sports medicine). We characterized the educational backgrounds and demographic composition of all 40 FLs including fellowship directors (FD), fellowship co-directors (co-FD), and associate fellowship directors (associate FD) of 31 American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES)-accredited shoulder and elbow fellowships in the United States. We additionally compiled the residency and fellowship institutions that trained FLs as framework for aspiring leaders in orthopedic surgery. Methods Using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) directory website page “ASES-recognized Shoulder and Elbow Fellowship Programs” we identified all active shoulder and elbow fellowships within the United States as well as associated FL identifiers. Compiled datapoints include: age, sex, ethnicity, residency/fellowship training location, time since education completion until FL appointment, length in FL role, personal research Scopus H-index, and major society and journal leadership position history. Results We analyzed data from all 40 active FLs across 31 ASES-accredited shoulder and elbow fellowships, encompassing 26 FDs, 13 co-FDs, and 1 associate FD. 97.5% of FLs were male while 2.5% were female, with racial/ethnic identification of 80.0% Caucasian, 10.0% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 10.0% Middle Eastern. The mean Scopus H-index of the FLs was 24.63 ± 16.43. The top residency programs for producing future FLs were the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pennsylvania, University of Nebraska/Creighton, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Brown University (all n=2). The top fellowship programs for producing future FLs were Mayo Clinic (n=6), Columbia University (n=6), San Francisco/California Pacific (n=4), and Washington University in St. Louis (n=4). Conclusion Shoulder and elbow fellowship leaders graduate with increased frequency from certain fellowship programs with lesser correlation to residency institutions. Programs demonstrate high retention of prior trainees as future FLs. All FLs are distinguished by high indices of research productivity however demographic diversity remains limited as comparable to prior orthopedic subspecialty FL investigations.
In situ infrared temperature sensing for real-time defect detection in additive manufacturing

Abstract Melt pool temperature is a critical parameter for the majority of additive manufacturing processes. Monitoring of the melt pool temperature can facilitate the real-time detection of various printing defects such as voids, over-extrusion, filament breakage, clogged nozzle, etc. that occur either naturally or as the result of malicious hacking activity. This study uses an in situ, multi-sensor approach for monitoring melt pool temperature in which non-contact infrared temperature sensors with customized field of view move along with the extruder of a fused deposition modeling-based printer and sense melt pool temperature from a very short working distance regardless of its X-Y translational movements. A statistical method for defect detection is developed and utilized to identify temperature deviations caused by intentionally implemented defects. Effective detection for multiple defect types and sizes is demonstrated using both a simple L -shaped test geometry and a more complex industry standard test article. Strengths and limitations of this approach are presented, and the potential for expansion via more advanced data analysis techniques such as machine learning are discussed.
Learning Sparse Deep Neural Networks with a Spike-and-Slab Prior.

Abstract Deep learning has achieved great successes in many machine learning tasks. However, the deep neural networks (DNNs) are often severely over-parameterized, making them computationally expensive, memory intensive, less interpretable and mis-calibrated. We study sparse DNNs under the Bayesian framework: we establish posterior consistency and structure selection consistency for Bayesian DNNs with a spike-and-slab prior, and illustrate their performance using examples on high-dimensional nonlinear variable selection, large network compression and model calibration. Our numerical results indicate that sparsity is essential for improving the prediction accuracy and calibration of the DNN.
Purification and properties of human erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase.

Glutathione peroxidase has been purified to homogeneity from human erythrocytes. The purification steps involved ammonium sulfate precipitation of hemolysate, CM-cellulose (CM-52), DEAE-cellulose (DE52), Sephadex G-200, and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. In the last step, i.e. DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, the enzyme was eluted in a major peak and tailing fraction. The major peak was found to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and disignated as glutathione peroxidase A (GSH-Px A). The tail fraction, however, separated into two protein bands on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. One of the bands corresponded to GSH-Px A while the other band was slower moving and was designated as GSH-Px B. GSH-Px A and GSH-Px B had specific activity of 103 and 4 enzyme units per mg of protein, respectively. Antibodies raised against the homogeneous GSH-Px A have been found to cross-react with GSH-Px B. Both, GSH-Px A and B are selenoproteins. GSH-Px A has been found to contain 3.5 g atoms of selenium per mol of protein. Selenium content of GSH-Px B, however, could not be determined accurately due to insufficient material. The molecular weight of GSH-Px A as determined by the sedimentation equilibrium method is 95,000 plus or minus 3,000. On urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis GSH-Px A and B dissociate into single subunits. The molecular weight of the subunits of GSH-Px A is 23,000 and that of GSH-Px B is 47,000. Thus, it appears that GSH-Px A is a tetramer. Our results suggest that GSH-Px B is probably an altered form of the major component, GSH-Px A, or its precursor. The properties of GSH-Px A have been studied. The isoelectric pH was found to be 4.9 and the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 8.5. The energy of activation was 8.2 kcal. The Km of the enzyme for GSH was 4.1 mM while the Km for t-butyl hydroperoxide was 52 mu-M. The effect of sulfhydryl reagents and the metal ions on the enzyme was also studied.
The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human ciliated respiratory mucosa

Background: Chronic recurrent sinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic conditions in the United States. There is a significant subpopulation of CRS patients who remain resistant to cure despite rigorous treatment regimens including surgery, allergy therapy, and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a noninvasive nonantibiotic broad spectrum antimicrobial treatment. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that aPDT reduced CRS polymicrobial biofilm and planktonic bacteria and fungi by > 99.9% after a single treatment. Prior to human treatment however, aPDT treatment must be demonstrated to not result in histologic damage to the sinus ciliated respiratory epithelium. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the safety of aPDT treatment on a living human ciliated respiratory mucosal model (EpiAirway™). Methods: A study of aPDT treatment of EpiAirway was performed. Treatment groups included a nontreatment control, laser light alone, photosensitizer alone, and therapeutic photosensitizer and light combination (aPDT). At completion of treatment, the EpiAirway tissue was fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, H&E stained and mounted. All samples were blinded and microscopically examined by a human pathologist to assess any effect of aPDT on the tissue, cilia, or mucosal glands. The results were correlated with the treatment parameters. Results: The EpiAirway histologic study demonstrated no histologic alteration of the respiratory cilia or mucosal epithelium in any of the treatment groups. Conclusions: aPDT is a safe treatment for CRS resulting in no histologic alteration of human ciliated respiratory mucosa as is found in the human sinuses. Laryngoscope, 2012
Abstract 16435: Lifestyle Interventions Reduce Ten-Year Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease as Predicted by the Pooled Cohort Equations

Introduction: Lifestyle measures, such as adoption of the DASH diet, weight reduction, and exercise, are effective in lowering blood pressure. The degree to which these behaviors reduce the risk of cardiovascular events is not well-established. We examined the effect of dietary and weight management inventions used in the ENCORE study on the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), as defined by the Pooled Cohort Equations. Methods: Participants included 129 overweight or obese men and women between the ages of 40 and 80 years who had blood pressure 130-160/80-99 mmHg and who were not treated with antihypertensive medications. Subjects were randomized to 16 weeks of DASH diet plus behavioral weight management (consisting of nutritional counseling and a behavioral weight management program)(DASH+WM), DASH diet alone (consisting of nutritional counseling without exercise or caloric restriction)(DASH), or usual care (UC). Results: The participants averaged 53.5±8.8 years of age; 68% were female, and 60% were white. One had diabetes and 11 (9%) were smokers. Systolic BP averaged 138±9 mmHg; total and HDL cholesterol averaged 203±36 mg/dl and 55±14 mg/dl, respectively. The average estimated 10-year risk of ASCVD for the entire cohort was 5.7%. The baseline characteristics of the subjects randomized to DASH+WM (n=46), DASH (n=39), and UC (n=44) were similar. Participants in the DASH+WM and DASH interventions had significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, and those in the DASH+WM group had a significant decrease in total cholesterol. Post-intervention estimated 10-year ASCVD risk [mean(SE)], adjusted for baseline values, was 4.4(0.2)% for DASH+WM, 5.0(0.3)% for DASH, and 5.7(0.2)% for UC (p<.001 for DASH+WM vs UC; p<.05 for DASH vs UC). The number of untreated subjects with an indication for consideration of statin therapy, as recommended in the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol, fell from 11 to 6 in DASH+WM and from 12 to 10 in DASH, while remaining unchanged (11) in UC. Conclusions: In overweight or obese men and women with high BP, lifestyle interventions reduce the predicted 10-year risk of ASCVD and decrease the number of individuals in whom statin therapy is recommended.
Possible Field-Tuned Superconductor-Insulator Transition in High-T~c Superconductors: Implications for Pairing at High Magnetic Fields

The behavior of some high temperature superconductors (HTSC), such as ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{6+\ensuremath{\delta}}$, at very high magnetic fields, is similar to that of thin films of amorphous InOx near the magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition. Analyzing the InOx data at high fields in terms of persisting local pairing amplitude, we argue by analogy that the local pairing amplitude also persists well into the dissipative state of the HTSCs, the regime commonly denoted as the ``normal state'' in very high magnetic field experiments.
Anxiety and Learning in Dynamic and Static Clock Game Experiments

In clock games, agents receive differently-timed private signals when an asset value is above its fundamental. The price crashes to the fundamental when K of N agents have decided to sell. If selling decisions are private, bubbles can be sustained because people delay selling, after receiving signals, knowing that others will delay too. Our results replicate the main features of the one previous experimental study of clock game (in two subject pools): Selling delays are shorter than predicted, but converge toward equilibrium predictions over repeated trials. We also find that delays are shorter in a dynamic game in which selling decisions unfold over time, compared to a static equivalent in which subjects precommit to selling decisions. A model of learning with growing anxiety after signal arrival can reproduce the empirical observations of shorter-than-predicted delay, smaller delay after later signal arrival, and shorter delays in dynamic games.
Effect of gamma irradiation on reactivity of rinderpest virus antigen with bovine immune serum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and virus neutralization and indirect fluorescent-antibody tests.

Abstract Gamma irradiation effectively inactivated gradient-purified rinderpest virus. Irradiated antigen and sera remained functional in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, virus neutralization tests, and indirect fluorescent-antibody tests. Irradiation, however, led to a dose-dependent decrease in reactivity, particularly significant (P < 0.05) when both reagents were irradiated. To avoid false-positive reactions, only one reagent (serum or antigen) may be irradiated.
Space-variant and color image restoration using Kalman filtering

A two-dimensional space-variant Kalman filtering approach for the restoration of images degraded by linear, space-variant blurs, and an efficient two-dimensional multichannel Kalman filtering approach for the restoration of color images on the basis of a coupled AR model used to represent both the intrachannel and interchannel correlations in multispectral image data are presented. In both cases, the authors assume that the degradation function is completely known. It is also possible to combine the proposed algorithms into one procedure for the restoration of color images degraded by space-variant blurs. The results are compared with those obtained using other methods. Experimental results are included. >