cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Boot time Bitstream Authentication for FPGAs

Major commercial Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) vendors provide encryption and authentication for programmable logic fabric (PL) bitstream using AES and RSA respectively. They are limited in scope of security that they provide and have proven to be vulnerable to different attacks. As-such, in-field deployed devices are susceptible to attacks where either a configuration bitstream, application software or dynamically reconfigurable bitstreams can be maliciously replaced. This hardware demo presents a framework for secure boot and runtime authentication for FPGAs. The presented system employs on-board cryptographic mechanisms and third-party established architectures such as Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The scope of this hardware demo is of systems level.
CS 2013 and the concept of course exemplars: Grinnell's introductory sequence

For several years, an ACM/IEEE Task Force has been hard at work developing and refining CS 2013, the new curricular recommendations for undergraduate computer science. As part of this effort, the Task Force has decided to identify existing courses as sample exemplars of how various topics (general Knowledge Areas and detailed Knowledge Units) might fit together in courses. This approach provides a different perspective from the past, in which curricular recommendations included hypothetical courses rather than specific ones. The first part of this talk will discuss this general approach of course exemplars within CS 2013.
“Write like College”: How Remedial Writing Courses at a Community College and a Research University Position “At-Risk” Students in the Field of Higher Education:

Background/ContextTwenty percent of first-year students in public 4-year institutions and 42% of first-year students in public 2-year institutions in the United States enroll in remedial courses. Y...
BRAF V600E mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: current progress and future directions

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosis and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide [1]. In 2020, there were an estimated 147,950 new cases in U.S.A. wi...
Filosofía de la existencia en ‘El tema de Nuestro Tiempo’ de Ortega y Gasset

The trajectory of Ortega y Gasset’s thought demonstrates the foundational importance of The Modern Theme to his ideas on philosophy of history, vital–reason and the existential categories in his work. Ortega explores the idea of subjectivity (interiority) in Meditations on Quixote (1914). By 1923, the year The Modern Theme was published, Ortega y Gasset understood that science and positivism attempt to explain the universe, including human life, in mechanical terms. Ortega y Gasset realized the importance of reining in bloated hyper–rationalism. The Modern Theme sets up Ortega y Gasset’s idea of life as biographical existence, not merely biological life, especially in light of modernity.
Adaptive Tube Model Predictive Control of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Fluid Suspensions using Global External Fields

An adaptive tube model predictive control (MPC) scheme is presented to manipulate multiple micro- and nanoparticles in fluid suspensions. The control strategy addresses coupled input actuation from the global electric field and estimates the unknown parameters of system dynamics. With the proposed control law, the manipulability of the electrophoresis-based microfluidic manipulation system is quantified and analyzed. The manipulability is affected by the dimensions of the actuating electrodes, the number of particles to be simultaneously and independently controlled, and the configurations of those particles. The scalability of the lattice-shaped distributed array is discussed. Experimental results validate the performance of the control scheme and the manipulability analysis.
Randomized controlled trials published on patients with hernias have a high percentage of unreproducible statistics.

Surgeons rely on randomized controlled trials (RCT) to compare the effectiveness of treatments. RCTs require careful planning and substantial effort to complete. Because of the careful study design, statistics performed are often easy to reproduce such as Chi-squared or t-test. Issues such as statistical discordance, or reporting statistical results that cannot be reproduced, should be uncommon. RCTs pertaining to hernias were identified in PubMed using the search terms “hernia” and “randomized controlled trial.” Studies were selected using a random number generator. Studies were included if the primary outcome could be reproduced using the data and statistical test reported in the manuscript. Discordance between the obtained p-value from our analysis and the published p-value was assessed. Primary outcome was the number of studies that reported p-values that crossed the level of statistical significance (p-value = 0.05) but on reproduction analysis did not. Of the 100 included RCTs, five reported p-values that crossed the “p = 0.05” threshold that our team was unable to reproduce using the statistical test reported in the manuscript. An additional three studies reported p-values that crossed the “p = 0.05” threshold that our team was unable to reproduce using the appropriate statistical test (i.e., Fisher’s exact test when all expected cell counts < 5). All eight studies published p-values < 0.05, whereas, our re-analysis demonstrated p ≥ 0.05. Eight percent of the RCTs analyzed in this study reported p-values < 0.05 that on reproduction analysis was ≥ 0.05. The next steps should be to determine reasons for discordance and how to prevent this from happening.
Using community health advisors to increase lung cancer screening awareness in the Black Belt: A pilot study.

117Background: Disease stage at the time of diagnosis is the most important determinant of prognosis for lung cancer. Despite demonstrated effectiveness of lung cancer screening (LCS) in reducing l...
Mineralization of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Mixtures of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Evidence is presented for mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in nutrient-rich media (high-nitrogen and malt extract media) by wild-type Phanerochaete chrysosporium and by a peroxidase-negative mutant of this organism. Mass balance analysis of [U-ring-14C]2,4-D mineralization in malt extract cultures showed 82.7% recovery of radioactivity. Of this, 38.6% was released as 14CO2 and 27.0, 11.2, and 5.9% were present in the aqueous, methylene chloride, and mycelial fractions, respectively. 2,4-D and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) were simultaneously mineralized when presented as a mixture, and mutual inhibition of degradation was not observed. In contrast, a relatively higher rate of mineralization of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was observed when these compounds were tested as mixtures than when they were tested alone.
A Novel Shape Registration Framework and Its Application to 3D Face Recognition in the Presence of Expressions

This paper introduces a new global-to-local shape registration technique and shows its potential in solving the problem of 3D face recognition in the presence of expressions. The proposed registration technique is a two-step technique that operates in an implicit higher dimensional space where the powerful distance transform is used as the embedding function. First, a new dissimilarity measure is introduced to recover the transformation that globally aligns the two input shapes. This new measure can deal efficiently with rigid, similarity and affine motions. Second, the local coordinate transformation between the two globally aligned shapes is explicitly estimated by minimizing a new energy functional consisting of three terms. The first term is a discrepancy measure between the two shape representations. The second term penalizes the deviation of the distance map representation of the globally warped source shape from a signed distance function, while the local displacement field is being updated. The last term is a regularization term that enforces the smoothness of the recovered deformations. This leads to a set of coupled equations that are simultaneously minimized through a gradient descent scheme. The overall potential of the proposed framework is demonstrated through various 2D/3D experimental results. As an application, we address the 3D face recognition problem in presence of facial expressions.
Template effects on the molecular beam epitaxy of modulation-doped ZnSe/(Zn,Cd)Se quantum wells on [110] GaAs

Summary form only given. To explore the effect of different crystallographic orientations on electron spin relaxation processes in semiconductors, we investigate the MBE-growth, optical and electrical transport properties of modulation-doped ZnSe/(Zn,Cd)Se quantum wells on [110] GaAs substrates. Unlike the growth on [001] GaAs substrates, smooth ZnSe epilayers cannot be grown directly on a thermally cleaned [110] GaAs surface. However, upon a low-temperature grown GaAs layer, the macroscopic morphological undulations due to misfit dislocations during [110] growth are significantly reduced, enabling the realization of two-dimensional electron gases of reasonable quality. The optimal growth protocols required for successful growth of [110] ZnSe/(Zn,Cd)Se quantum wells are discussed in detail. We demonstrate the fabrication of quantum wells and two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) of quality comparable to that obtained during [001] growth. Time resolved Faraday rotation measurements demonstrate an extended electronic spin lifetime at low temperatures.
Leiomyomas of the oral cavity: Review of the literature and clinicopathologic study of seven new cases

Abstract Intraoral leiomyomas have been reported to be rare neoplasms because of the paucity of smooth muscle within the oral cavity. A review of the literature yielded twenty-eight cases, and a clinicopathologic study of the twenty-eight previously reported cases and our seven cases suggests that this tumor is not as rare as previously suspected. The results suggest that this entity has a predilection for the 40 to 59-year age group, a male: female ratio of 2:1, and was most frequently encountered on the tongue. The intraoral leiomyoma does not appear to be estrogen dependent, as are those seen in the uterus.
Chapter 8 Why care about El Niño and La Niña

Abstract At the time of writing this chapter in February 2000, many aspects of global weather were under the influence of a cold sea surface temperature event along the equator in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This type of event is known as La Nina. The cold event began in mid-1998, following on the heels of the most intense and damaging warm event, or El Nino, of the twentieth century. El Nino and La Nina are important applications of satellite data, as described elsewhere in this book. Episodes of El Nino and La Nina occur at approximately 3-7 year intervals to disrupt human activities worldwide in both positive and negative ways. The structure, content, and approach taken for this chapter reflect my desire to produce a concise overview of many attributes regarding El Nino and La Nina, which could be reproduced for presentation to various audiences, from university students to researchers in other disciplines, to policy makers, and to the public. Each page provides a brief stand-alone explanation of characteristics of El Nino and La Nina. The chapter begins with a brief description of how the public learned about“El Nino”and “La Nina” from the media, which is credited with rapidly inf the public about the impacts of El Nino and La Nina. It seems that nearly everyone has heard of “El Nino”a cnd “La Nina,” but very few know what El and La Nina are, what they do, and why societies should care about them. Since early 1997, oceanographers and meteorologists readily learned the difficulties inherent in explaining the complex ocean-atmosphere interaction process of El Nino or La Nina in a few words or in 15-second interviews. The second part is a succinct description of the El Nino and La Nina phenomena. Then four El Nino and La Nina impacts are shown: marine living resources, excessive rainfall, drought-related wildfires, and hurricanes. The chapter concludes with some general lessons about El Nino and La Nina.
Exploring slow and dispersive propagation in 2D line-defect photonic crystal waveguides

Line-defect waveguides with three or more removed lines will usually have many simultaneous propagation modes in the frequency range of interest; it is desirable that most of the optical power be coupled to modes with useful propagation characteristics. In this work, simulation results are shown in which slow and highly-dispersive propagation is achieved in a three-line-defect (W3/sup (K)/) waveguide, by preferentially exciting specific modes at the waveguide input.
An evaluation of CDMA and TDMA communications architectures for the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service

An initial evaluation of FDMA/TDMA and CDMA architectures for the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Services (AMSS) is outlined in this study. Key factors leading to capacity evaluation using the two accessing schemes are evaluated. Factors include user information rate, transmission filtering roll off factors, frequency band available, frequency reuse, outside cell interference factor, cell size, required Eb/No, soft handoff factor, polarization, and power control error. The purpose of this study is to help in evaluating what systems are capable in servicing the aeronautical mobile users within the Aeronautical Telecommunications Management (ATM). Standard capacity models for CDMA and TDMA were used that are sufficient for initial evaluations, while recommendations are put forth for a more detailed model to use for future studies based on work done previously. Finally, considerations for implementing those systems in simulations are stated.
Comprehensive quantitative measurement of folate polyglutamates in human erythrocytes by ion pairing ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE The erythrocyte folate pool is reflective of an individual's long-term folate status; however, comprehensive quantitative determination of the various folate isoforms including polyglutamation (Glun) status has posed an analytical problem. Factors complicating such analysis are the absence of authentic (isotope-labeled) standards and the large number of potential analytes. The present work presents high-throughput analytical methodology for the indirect comprehensive quantitation of the erythrocyte folate pool with commercially available standards. METHODS The erythrocyte folate pool was determined comprehensively by utilizing a cascade of three complementary ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) assays. In a first assay utilizing ion-pairing UPLC/MS/MS the relative (%) polyglutamation distribution (Glu3-10) of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate is determined in a thermal extract obtained from packed erythrocytes, not requiring analytical standards. Quantitation of the erythrocyte folate pool was accomplished by performing two additional stable isotope dilution UPLC/MS/MS assays to determine whole blood and plasma folate content, utilizing commercially available [13C5]-labeled analogs of the Glu1 analytes. Based on the values provided by each individual assay the comprehensive erythrocyte folate content could be calculated. RESULTS The various assays have been validated for intra- and inter-run precision, accuracy, linearity and are robust. The method was sensitive enough to measure the comprehensive erythrocyte folate distribution in a Down's syndrome patient with extremely low folate, bearing the C677T mutation in the gene encoding for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. CONCLUSIONS The erythrocyte folate pool can be comprehensively quantitated by running three complementary UPLC/MS/MS assays. The present assays are robust and allow for high-throughput analysis. The method can be utilized to support larger investigations that investigate the relationship between folate isoform and polyglutamation distribution and disease pathogenesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism for signaling initiation and termination of B lymphocyte proliferation induced by anti-immunoglobulin

Several lines of evidence were explored which taken together indicate that both the initiation and the termination signal for activation of rabbit lymphocytes to synthesize DNA in response to anti-rabbit immunoglobulin occurs at an immunoglobulin receptor on the surface membrane of B cells. Thus, the premature removal of anti-rabbit immunoglobulin by simply washing the cells at the 31st hour of a 48-h incubation period caused a 60% decrease in the induction of DNA synthesis. The addition of rabbit immunoglobulin to compete with B cell surface immunoglobulin for the combining sites on anti-rabbit immunoglobulin yielded a markedly diminished activation. Addition of rabbit immunoglobulin even during the latter part of a pulse label period with [3H]-thymidine was sufficient to result in reduced activation. Finally, insoluble anti-rabbit immunoglobulin at the same nominal concentration as soluble anti-rabbit immunoglobulin also was effective in inducing cells to DNA synthesis. However, it is noteworthy that under the incubation conditions used it was not possible to derive a soluble component from insoluble anti-rabbit immunoglobulin which stimulated DNA synthesis. These data have been interpreted to indicate a need for a continuous surface presence of anti-rabbit immunoglobulin to stimulate activation in a process that is not dependent upon internalization of anti-rabbit immunoglobulin.
Random projections based feature-specific structured imaging

We present a feature-specific imaging system based on the use of structured illumination. The measurements are defined as inner products between the illumination patterns and the object reflectance function, measured on a single photodetector. The illumination patterns are defined using random binary patterns and thus do not employ prior knowledge about the object. Object estimates are generated using L1-norm minimization and gradient-projection sparse reconstruction algorithms. The experimental reconstructions show the feasibility of the proposed approach by using 42% fewer measurements than the object dimensionality.
DTPA-coupled proteins—procedures and precautions☆

While demonstrating that the cyclic anhydride of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) may be used to covalently attach this chelator to proteins, it was necessary to develop several new procedures and techniques. We were able to show that coupled proteins may be labeled with indium-111 (111In) simply by transcomplexation from a weaker complex such as the acetate to avoid subjecting the protein, even momentarily, to the acidity of the chloride (however, we have also observed that too high a concentration of acetate and other complexing agents such as citrate will interfere with protein labeling by competing with DTPA for the radioactivity). In agreement with other investigators using bifunctional chelate methodology we have observed that trace metals may interfere with the labeling. Accordingly, we developed a simple paper chromatographic assay which may be used to establish whether trace metals are present at interfering concentrations and to identify their sources. We have also employed a hydrolyzed control assay to determine whether and to what degree the radioactivity is bound to protein other than at the DTPA groups. We have developed a simple method of measuring the average number of DTPA groups per protein molecule which involves labeling the products of coupling with 111In. Procedures used and precautions observed in the radiolabeling of proteins by these methods are discussed.
New Views of the MoonEdited by B.L. Jolliff, M.A. Wieczorek, C.K. Shearer and C.R. Neal. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Volume 60, Mineralogical Society of America, Geochemical Society (J.J. Rosso, Series Editor). The Mineralogical Society of America, 3635 Concorde Parkway, Suite 500, Chantilly, Virginia, 20151–1125, U.S.A. 721 p. soft cover, US$55, (ISBN 0–939950–72–3)

This is an extensive volume edited by a group of well-established researchers with similarly well-established authors involved in writing each of the major chapters. The volume has an extensive table of contents that breaks it into seven major chapters, not nine as the typographical error in the
Auditing Treasury Operations: Risks and Traps

Auditing a company's treasury operations can now be a maze of risks and traps. For a small company, a treasury audit may be as simple as verifying the cash balances. But today's increasingly complex global financial environment produces many challenges for the auditor. The authors discuss the situation and suggest how auditors can better cope with it. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of prefrontal cortex (BA10) activation while performing Stroop test using diffuse optical tomography

Stroop test is commonly used as a behavior-testing tool for psychological examinations that are related to attention and cognitive control of the human brain. Studies have shown activations in Broadmann area 10 (BA10) of prefrontal cortex (PFC) during attention and cognitive process. The use of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for human brain mapping is becoming more prevalent. In this study we expect to find neural correlates between the performed cognitive tasks and hemodynamic signals detected by a DOT system. Our initial observation showed activation of oxy-hemoglobin concentration in BA 10, which is consistent with some results seen by positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our study demonstrates the possibility of combining DOT with Stroop test to quantitatively investigate cognitive functions of the human brain at the prefrontal cortex.
Microdetermination of aliphatic diamines and polyamines with cupric ion

Abstract The reactions of diamines and polyamines with cupric ion were investigated potentiometrically, using a copper ion-selective indicator electrode and a single-junction reference electrode. In general, cupric ion reacted with 2 mol of vic -diamines or their salts. Tetraaza compounds reacted on an equimolar basis with Cu(II). Both vic -diamines and their salts, as well as tetraaza compounds, could be titrated in the presence of excess ammonia. With cupric ion in ammoniacal solution these compounds yield a characteristic purple/violet color. Diamines separated by more than two methylene groups cannot be determined in the presence of ammonia and yield a blue color. Diamines with more than four methylene groups react with cupric ion on an equimolar basis, also yielding a blue color.
Synchronous hodgkin's disease and granulocytic sarcoma with no prior therapy

We describe a case of simultaneous nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease and a granulocytic sarcoma in a cervical lymph node without any previous therapy. The condition evolved into acute myelogenous leukemia approximately 8 months after the initial diagnosis of the granulocytic sarcoma. The unexpected presence of a granulocytic sarcoma made the diagnosis challenging, and appropriate immunohistochemical studies were required for accurate diagnosis. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report of synchronous Hodgkin's disease and granulocytic sarcoma with eventual development of acute myelogenous leukemia.
A SELECTIVE REAGENT FOR THE STUDY OF BASE SEQUENCE IN NUCLEIC ACIDS.

SOME time ago, we proposed an electron microscopic procedure for the determination of the sequence of bases in nucleic acids1. This method requires that electron-dense, base-specific groups be attached to the nucleic acid molecule. On examination in the electron microscope, the visible electron-dense groups indicate the positions of those bases to which they are specifically attached.
Nature in Hindu art, architecture and landscape

Abstract The article explores the Hindu attitudes towards nature as discerned through art, architecture and landscape. In this transcendental view, nature is seen as manifestation of divinity. The symbolic meanings of natural elements such as tree, mountain, water, and earth in religious thought are described. These meanings form a basis on which the order of nature is represented as a cosmic ideal within sacred landscape and architecture. In the arts and literature, continuity between the natural and human world is expressed as a consequence of natural elements being anthropomorphised as gods and goddesses. Hindu tradition therefore shows little of the duality between nature and culture which is encountered in some other traditions.
Recent clinical investigations examining the association of asthma and gastroesophageal reflux

For more than a decade, investigations have examined the association between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and have demonstrated that the presence of esophageal acid events is associated with respiratory symptoms. The most current research shows that GER is prevalent in patients with asthma, that esophageal acid may alter bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and that medical or surgical GER therapy may improve asthma outcome in selected asthma patients. Further research will build on our current knowledge base and, hopefully, enable us to better identify those patients with asthma who will most benefit from reflux therapy.
Hidden crossing theory applied to positronium formation

Abstract The hidden crossing theory that employs the hyperspherical representation has been applied to Ps-formation in positron–hydrogen collisions in the Ore gap. S-, P- and D-wave cross-sections have been computed. For S-wave scattering, there occurs almost complete destructive interference between the two amplitudes that correspond to different paths leading to Ps-formation. However, for the D-wave there occurs almost complete constructive interference.
Risk of subsequent cancer following a primary CNS tumor

Improvements in survival among central nervous system (CNS) tumor patients has made the risk of developing a subsequent cancer an important survivorship issue. Such a risk is likely influenced by histological and treatment differences between CNS tumors. De-identified data for 41,159 patients with a primary CNS tumor diagnosis from 9 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries were used to calculate potential risk for subsequent cancer development. Relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of subsequent cancer was calculated using SEER*Stat 7.0.9, comparing observed number of subsequent cancers versus expected in the general United States population. For all CNS tumors studied, there were 830 subsequent cancers with a RR of 1.26 (95 % CI, 1.18–1.35). Subsequent cancers were observed in the CNS, digestive system, bones/joints, soft tissue, thyroid and leukemia. Radiotherapy was associated with an elevated risk, particularly in patients diagnosed with a medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (MPNET). MPNET patients who received radiotherapy were at a significant risk for development of cancers of the digestive system, leukemia, bone/joint and cranial nerves. Glioblastoma multiforme patients who received radiotherapy were at lower risks for female breast and prostate cancers, though at an elevated risk for cancers of the thyroid and brain. Radiotherapy is associated with subsequent cancer development, particularly for sites within the field of radiation, though host susceptibility and post-treatment status underlie this risk. Variation in subsequent cancer risk among different CNS tumor histological subtypes indicate a complex interplay between risk factors in subsequent cancer development.
Effect of hydrogen sulfide loading on the density and viscosity of aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine

The change in the density and viscosity of aqueous methyldiethanolamine on the addition of hydrogen sulfide was investigated in this study. At 25 °C densities and viscosities were measured for loadings up to 0.5 mol of H2S per 1 mol of amine for amine concentrations up to 50 mass %. Solution densities and viscosities were measured at 40 °C for an amine concentration of 50 mass % and for H2S loadings up to 0.5. It was found that the solution density increases with H2S loading whereas the viscosity decreases as the H2S loading increases.
The behaviour of ultrasonic pulses in concrete

Abstract First the difficulties, as well as fallacies, of the estimation of concrete strength from pulse velocity measurement are discussed. Then an attempt is made to transfer some of the new findings of the research on materials testing by ultrasonic methods to concrete. The role of compositeness, dispersion, and a feature-based computer system are discussed among others. Supporting test results are presented showing that 1. the pulse velocity in the longitudinal direction of a concrete cylinder differs from the velocity in the lateral direction; 2. more specifically, at low velocities the longitudinal velocities are greater, whereas at high velocities the lateral ones; 3. this difference is more pronounced with lower frequencies; 4. the pulse velocity in concrete increases with higher frequencies, that is, concrete is a dispersive material; 5. the dispersive nature of concrete decreases with age; 6. the pulse velocity is independent of the stresses in concrete to a large extent; 7. feature-based computer system is applicable to concrete. The practical consequences of these findings are pointed out.
Finger deformities in Renaissance art.

Dr Hijmans and Dr Dequeker presented an interesting argument for camptodactyly in the paintings of Dirk Bouts (November 2004 JRSM1). However, in their desire to distinguish these paintings from others of the period that show similar finger deformities, they misstate the nature of camptodactyly. Green's Operative Hand Surgery and the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand define camptodactyly as a congenital flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fifth finger.2 Specifically, hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint is not necessary for the diagnosis; indeed, if this is present to a significant degree, the clinician should consider the possibility of a boutonniere deformity rather than camptodactyly. Also, extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint, while often present, is not a requirement for the diagnosis of camptodactyly. While the exact cause of the deformity is not entirely known, it appears to be related to muscular abnormalities, particularly in the lumbrical or intrinsic muscles. It is present in both hands in two thirds of cases (in some, but not all, of the paintings by Bouts it is bilateral). Shortly after reading the article by Hijmans and Dequeker I noted camptodactyly on one of the Christmas cards I was writing (Figure 1). This work, from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, was painted by Gerard David (c. 1455–1523). Interestingly, this artist was independently mentioned by Dr Horton Johnson in his letter to the editor (February 2005 JRSM3) as one of several other examples of camptodactyly in art, although the painting he used was different. Figure 1 The Virgin, by Gerard David. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Stillman Harkness, 1950 In view of the number of artists and paintings that show evidence of camptodactyly (as defined by hand surgery authorities), it seems more likely that Bouts and his son were employing an artistic convention than that they were illustrating a hand deformity specific to their model.
Immunocytochemical localization of some turkey pituitary hormones using antisera to human hormones.

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the crossreactivity of antisera to human prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH) to turkey pituicytes. In addition, crossreactivities of the above antisera and antiserum to turkey GH to pituicytes of turkey, cat, rabbit, horse, owl monkey, and human were evaluated. Results of the immunocytochemical localizations showed that with one exception antisera to human hormones were positive for each species tested. Turkey pituicytes failed to crossreact with antiserum to human GH. Likewise, antiserum to turkey GH failed to crossreact with owl monkey and human pituicytes. It is suggested that commercially available antisera to human PRL and ACTH but not GH can be used for the immunocytochemical localization of turkey pituicytes producing PRL and ACTH. These observations also suggest that the molecular structure of PRL and ACTH is conserved within the species examined. Likewise, the molecular structure of GH is conserved between the species examined with the exception of that of the primates, which appears to differ from that of the turkey.
Multi PRF TWT for ISR and FCS applications

The observation of a technology improvement for the use of traveling wave tubes (TWT) in a combined intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR) with a fire control system (FCS). The improvement was identified by Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Crane, IN personnel at various industry conferences and symposiums in which the applicable ISR situations and missions can change instantly from a passive ISR to a mode where FCS is needed. This paper presents multiple design approaches for the TWT or microwave tube system.
High‐order method‐of‐moments solution of the scattering by three‐dimensional PEC bodies using quadrature‐based point matching

In this paper, a novel high-order method-of-moments solution of the electric- and magnetic-field integral equations is presented. It is shown that, after choosing a smooth set of basis and testing functions, a simple transformation can be performed rendering a point-based discretization of the integral equation at discrete quadrature points. Through numerical studies, it is shown that the proposed method results in exponential error convergence of the RCS for smooth three-dimensional scattering structures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 303–309, 2001.
Extinction of ferromagnetism in highly ordered pyrolytic graphite by annealing

Abstract We report that the ferromagnetism of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples as measured by hysteretic magnetization loops can be diminished and eventually extinguished with sufficiently long high vacuum anneals at temperatures on the order of 2300 °C. Concomitant with the extinction of ferromagnetism, we observe an anneal-induced increase in grain size (accompanied by possible edge reconstruction) confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements and improved transport properties, including lower in-plane and out-of-plane resistivity, higher electron and hole mobility and improved charge compensation. The implied reduction of defects and vacancies by annealing suggests that the ferromagnetism of pristine HOPG is correlated with localized states located at zigzag edges, vacancies and related defects.
Some effects of early starvation on the survival and development of barnacle nauplii, Balanus improvisus (Darwin)

Abstract Newly hatched stage I–II nauplii of Balanus improvisus (Darwin) were “totally starved” (until death) or “partially starved” for the first 48 h and 96 h of their development. Daily mortality and molting were monitored throughout larval development in both starved and fed control groups. Fed control animals exhibited a largely synchronous molting pattern with instars of equal duration. Total starvation suppressed molting beyond stage II; 50% mortality occurred in ≈4 days at both 15 and 21 °C, while longest survival time was 7 days at 15 °C and 6 days at 21 °C. At 15 °C, partially starved nauplii retained the ability to complete naupliar development but at a slower overall rate and with increased mortality relative to controls. These effects were more pronounced in the 96-h group. Increased mortality of stage VI nauplii was evident in both partially starved groups (7.1% for 48 h, 18.8% for 96 h) relative to unstarved controls (3.1%). Stage II nauplii exhibited little resistance to starvation and survival potential may have decreased as soon as 24 h.
Changing prevalence of prenatal substance abuse in Utah.

Abstract Objective To estimate the current prevalence of prenatal exposure to methamphetamines and other drugs of abuse among infants born in Utah and compare the results with those of a maternal substance abuse prevalence study performed in 1991 in the same geographic area. Methods Thirteen well baby nurseries in calendar year 2000 and six neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in 2001–2002 collected anonymous meconium samples and associated, but nonidentifiable, demographic data on consecutively born infants. Samples were screened by enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by gas chromotography/mass spectroscopy for methamphetamines, cannabinoids, and benzoylecognine. Results Meconium samples were collected from 1202 well baby nursery infants and 317 NICU infants. There were no significant differences in the rates of positivity for methamphetamines (0.6% versus 0.4%) or marijuana (2.9% versus 1.8%) between the 1991 and 2000/2001 studies. Cocaine prevalence declined from 1.1% in 1991 to 0.3% in 2000/2001 ( P = .04). The prevalence of positivity for any of these three drugs declined over the 10-year period from 4.4% to 2.4% ( P = .02). The prevalence for positivity for any of these three drugs was higher in the NICUs (4.7%) than in the well baby nurseries (1.9%, P = .008). Conclusion The rate of drug-positive infants declined during the decade of the 1990s in a geographic area that is experiencing a sharp rise in the use of methamphetamine among women of childbearing age. Further studies that focus on women of childbearing age who use methamphetamine may help determine factors that impact their drug use during pregnancy and after the infant is born.
Nomograms for determining sonic-boom overpressure.

Nomograms for rapid calculation of maximum ground sonic-boom overpressure for different flight conditions
Negative affect and sleep disturbance may be associated with response to epidural steroid injections for spine-related pain.

Objective To describe whether negative affect and sleep impairment are associated with the clinical effect of epidural steroid injections (ESIs) for low back pain.
Chromatin structural elements and chromosomal translocations in leukemia

Recurring chromosome abnormalities are strongly associated with certain subtypes of leukemia, lymphoma and sarcomas. More recently, their potential involvement in carcinomas, i.e. prostate cancer, has been recognized. They are among the most important factors in determining disease prognosis, and in many cases, identification of these chromosome abnormalities is crucial in selecting appropriate treatment protocols. Chromosome translocations are frequently observed in both de novo and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The mechanisms that result in such chromosome translocations in leukemia and other cancers are largely unknown. Genomic breakpoints in all the common chromosome translocations in leukemia, including t(4;11), t(9;11), t(8;21), inv(16), t(15;17), t(12;21), t(1;19) and t(9;22), have been cloned. Genomic breakpoints tend to cluster in certain intronic regions of the relevant genes including MLL, AF4, AF9, AML1, ETO, CBFB, MYHI1, PML, RARA, TEL, E2A, PBX1, BCR and ABL. However, whereas the genomic breakpoints in MLL tend to cluster in the 5' portion of the 8.3 kb breakpoint cluster region (BCR) in de novo and adult patients and in the 3' portion in infant leukemia patients and t-AML patients, those in both the AML1 and ETO genes occur in the same clustered regions in both de novo and t-AML patients. These differences may reflect differences in the mechanisms involved in the formation of the translocations. Specific chromatin structural elements, such as in vivo topoisomerase II (topo II) cleavage sites, DNase I hypersensitive sites and scaffold attachment regions (SARs) have been mapped in the breakpoint regions of the relevant genes. Strong in vivo topo II cleavage sites and DNase I hypersensitive sites often co-localize with each other and also with many of the BCRs in most of these genes, whereas SARs are associated with BCRs in MLL, AF4, AF9, AML1, ETO and ABL, but not in the BCR gene. In addition, the BCRs in MLL, AML1 and ETO have the lowest free energy level for unwinding double strand DNA. Virtually all chromosome translocations in leukemia that have been analyzed to date show no consistent homologous sequences at the breakpoints, whereas a strong non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair signature exists at all of these chromosome translocation breakpoint junctions; this includes small deletions and duplications in each breakpoint, and micro-homologies and non-template insertions at genomic junctions of each chromosome translocation. Surprisingly, the size of these deletions and duplications in the same translocation is much larger in de novo leukemia than in therapy-related leukemia. We propose a non-homologous chromosome recombination model as one of the mechanisms that results in chromosome translocations in leukemia. The topo II cleavage sites at open chromatin regions (DNase I hypersensitive sites), SARs or the regions with low energy level are vulnerable to certain genotoxic or other agents and become the initial breakage sites, which are followed by an excision end joining repair process.
The new Standard Reference Material® 2391c: PCR-based DNA profiling standard

Abstract Standard Reference Material ® 2391c (SRM 2391c) is the fourth generation certified reference material for PCR-based DNA profiling. The first generation SRM 2391 was released in 1995; the next two subsequent versions have had minor modifications in the type and number of loci certified but always used DNA from the same donors. SRM 2391c has been produced with an entirely new set of genomic DNA samples. In addition to four liquid samples, SRM 2391c has two dry storage matrices including FTA paper as well as 903 paper. SRM 2391c consists of six components: three are single source genomic DNA samples that are labeled A, B, and C, with the fourth genomic sample (component D) as a mixture of 3 parts of components A (female donor) to 1 part of component C (male donor). Component E consists of two 6mm punches of 903 paper that have been spotted with approximately 75,000 cells/spot. Component F consists of two 6mm punches of FTA paper that have been spotted with approximately 75,000 cells/spot of a different cell line. The six components representing five different DNA samples plus the mixture component have been analyzed using 22 commercially available STR typing kits, obtained from three different vendors, as well as the 26plex STR multiplex developed at NIST. In total there are data for 51 autosomal STRs and 17 Y-STRs included in the certificate of analysis.
Pathways from infancy to the community of shared minds / El camino desde la primera infancia a la comunidad de mentes compartidas

AbstractCritical problems for developmental theory and empirical research focused on the pre-school years are how language and other semiotic resources enter cognition and knowledge structures, the challenges posed for children, and the advances in thought that then become possible. Competences that are essential to subsequent successful school learning are conceptualized here in terms of the child becoming a member of the shared adult ‘community of minds’. Areas of developmental research are identified, with prospects for future advances.
Quantitative assessment of inflammatory cytokine gene expression in chronic adult periodontitis.

Adult periodontitis is a chronic destructive disease characterized by an interaction between gram-negative bacteria and the host inflammatory response. Microbial substances such as lipopolysaccharide can activate host cells, e.g., macrophages, fibroblasts and keratinocytes, to secrete proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). This study examined the hypothesis that periodontitis tissue contains increased levels of cytokines that promote osseous and connective tissue destruction. To test this hypothesis, diseased and healthy gingival biopsies were examined for differences in the expression of cytokine mRNA for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1 beta and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization methods. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1ra mRNA were shown to be significantly higher in diseased than healthy tissues. Additionally, a significantly correlated expression of IL-1 beta and IL-1ra mRNA was seen in all tissue examined. Analysis of tissue sections by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques revealed a mononuclear cell infiltrate that consisted of a higher average number of cells staining positive for tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA, CD14, and CD3 in the diseased than healthy tissues. Although both diseased and healthy tissues expressed IL-1 beta and IL-1ra mRNA in the epithelium, the diseased tissue biopsies expressed more IL-1 beta and IL-1ra mRNA in the connective tissue. These results implicate the potential involvement of both the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the regulation of the chronic inflammatory disease adult periodontitis.
Electro-optofluidics: achieving dynamic control on-chip

A vital element in integrated optofluidics is dynamic tuning and precise control of photonic devices, especially when employing electronic techniques which are challenging to utilize in an aqueous environment. We overcome this challenge by introducing a new platform in which the photonic device is controlled using electro-optical phase tuning. The phase tuning is generated by the thermo-optic effect using an on-chip electric microheater located outside the fluidic channel, and is transmitted to the optofluidic device through optical waveguides. The microheater is compact, high-speed (> 18 kHz), and consumes low power (~mW). We demonstrate dynamic optical trapping control of nanoparticles by an optofluidic resonator. This novel electro-optofluidic platform allows the realization of high throughput optofluidic devices with switching, tuning, and reconfiguration capability, and promises new directions in optofluidics.
Hypogastric artery aneurysm masquerading as an ovarian neoplasm

Hypogastric artery aneurysm in women is rare. The case presented demonstrates how this lesion can easily mimic an ovarian neoplasm. The missed diagnosis can be catastrophic if the surgeon is unfamiliar with the retroperitoneal anatomy and is confronted with arterial hemorrhage. Hypogastric artery aneurysm should be included in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass in elderly women with atherosclerotic disease. The report reviews the literature on the presentation, diagnosis, and recommended treatments.
Transmission system from Grand Coulee

The transmission system of the bonneville power Administration transmits power from the Grand Coulee project to three major load centers in the states of Washington and Oregon. The project will have an ultimate peaking capability of about 2,300,000 kva, which will result in the largest concentration of electric power from one hydroelectric dam in the world. The immediate problem of transmitting this large amount of power from Grand Coulee to the load centers is to a certain extent overshadowed by the fact that the Columbia River Basin has a possible economical development of over 10,000,000 kw, and whatever circuit arrangements are made at Grand Coulee will influence the planning and design of the other future generating stations and transmission systems.