cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faculty practices in undergraduate investments courses

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the practices of professors teaching the introductory class in investments.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 101 syllabi of the first investments course taught in various AACSB accredited business schools around the country was collected. Several dimensions of course content are summarized: the primary textbook selections, other required and recommended materials including the use of spreadsheets, financial calculators, financial magazines such as the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), and/or stock market games, grading policies including assessment components and their weights, and course contents based on various investments topics.Findings – Classroom practices of investments professors differ considerably. There is virtually nothing that is universally applied by investments faculty. There are, however, many areas such as key content to include in the course where a large majority tends to agree with each other.Originality/value – While there is obviou...
A novel human cytochrome P450 4F isoform (CYP4F11): cDNA cloning, expression, and genomic structural characterization.

By a combination of cDNA library screening and rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis, a novel human cytochrome P450 4F isoform has been cloned and sequenced. The new 4F isoform is designated CYP4F11 and contains 1765 nucleotides. The coding region encodes 524 amino acid residues, and the heme-binding region is highly conserved. The CYP4F11 amino acid sequence has 80.0, 82.3, and 79.2% identity to CYP4F2, CYP4F3, and CYP4F8 amino acid sequences, respectively. In vitro translation shows the molecular mass of CYP4F11 is approximately 57 kDa, consistent with the calculated molecular mass. CYP4F11 is expressed mainly in human liver, followed by kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle. The genomic structure of CYP4F11 was solved by database searching and computer analysis. The coding region of CYP4F11 has 12 exons. The CYP4F11 gene is located 16 kb upstream of the CYP4F2 gene on chromosome 19. This is consistent with the notion that the human cytochrome P450 4F genes form a cluster on chromosome 19.
Optical Characterization of Silicon Carbide Polytypes

This article is a review of recent progress in our understanding of the optical properties of the important polytypes of SiC : 3C, 4H, 6H, and 15R. We focus on experimental work but also compare results obtained by experiment with theory. The topics of emphasis are: 1. vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity, 2. free excitons, 3. spectroscopy of shallow donors and acceptors, 4. the impurity boron in SiC, 5. the rare earth impurity erbium in SiC, and 6. optical properties of porous SiC.
Significance of orthogonal electrocardiography and vectorcardiography for clinical cardiology

Neue grundlegende Beitr~tge zur Theorie der Elektrokardiographie wurden im letzten Jahrzehnt im wesentlichen yon Biophysikern geliefert. Die Mehrzahl der Pubhkationen waren notwendigerweise mathematiseh-physikalischer Natur und blieben aus diesem Grunde von kliniseh-kardiologischer Seite relativ wenig beachtet. Die theoretischen Grundlagen moderner elektrokardiographischer Konzepte wurden kfirzlieh in dieser Zeitschrift yon STALLMAN2~" (66) eingehend dargestellt. Es eriibrigt sieh daher auf diese hier noch einmal in Einzelheiten einzugehen. Die neueren Erkenntnisse tiber das Wesen elektrokardiographischer Ableitungen erscheinen experimentell genfigend gesichert, um nun aueh ihre klinische ~bersetzung zu finden. In unserem Laboratorium wurden im Laufe der ]etzten Jahre experimentelle Arbeiten durchgefiihrt, die den ~bergang zwisehen moderner elektrokardiographiseher Theorie und klinischer Anwendung ebnen sollen. Im Laufe der Lehrt~tigkeit mu~ten dabei Wege gesucht werden, mathematiseh-physikalische Begriffe in die Spraehe des Klinikers zu iibersetzen, ohne dabei wesentliche Zfige ungebiihrlich zu simplifizieren.
Zero Benefit: Estimating the Effect of Zero Tolerance Discipline Polices on Racial Disparities in School Discipline.

This study estimates the effect of zero tolerance disciplinary policies on racial disparities in school discipline in an urban district. Capitalizing on a natural experiment, the abrupt expansion o...
Bay breeze climatology at two sites along the Chesapeake bay from 1986-2010: Implications for surface ozone

Hourly surface meteorological measurements were coupled with surface ozone (O3) mixing ratio measurements at Hampton, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland, two sites along the Chesapeake Bay in the Mid-Atlantic United States, to examine the behavior of surface O3 during bay breeze events and quantify the impact of the bay breeze on local O3 pollution. Analyses were performed for the months of May through September for the years 1986 to 2010. The years were split into three groups to account for increasingly stringent environmental regulations that reduced regional emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx): 1986–1994, 1995–2002, and 2003–2010. Each day in the 25-year record was marked either as a bay breeze day, a non-bay breeze day, or a rainy/cloudy day based on the meteorological data. Mean eight hour (8-h) averaged surface O3 values during bay breeze events were 3 to 5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) higher at Hampton and Baltimore than on non-bay breeze days in all year periods. Anomalies from mean surface O3 were highest in the afternoon at both sites during bay breeze days in the 2003–2010 study period. In conjunction with an overall lowering of baseline O3 after the 1995-2002 period, the percentage of total exceedances of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 75 ppbv 8-h O3 standard that occurred on bay breeze days increased at Hampton for 2003–2010, while remaining steady at Baltimore. These results suggest that bay breeze circulations are becoming more important to causing exceedance events at particular sites in the region, and support the hypothesis of Martins et al. (2012) that highly localized meteorology increasingly drives air quality events at Hampton.
Correlation between photoluminescence and surface species in porous silicon: Low-temperature annealing

Photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) measurements have been performed on light‐emitting porous silicon (LEPSi) after annealing at temperatures below 600 °C. Two different kinds of samples with different surface morphologies and different initial concentrations of chemically bonded hydrogen were studied. In hydrogen‐rich samples we have observed an increase of PL intensity at temperatures up to 250 °C, which correlated with an increase of Si—H bond concentration. A correlation between PL peak wavelength and the ratio of Si—O bonds over Si—H bonds has been demonstrated.
Novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 and glutamate receptor 8 therapeutics for the treatment of anxiety.

Introduction: The fast actions of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate are mediated by glutamate-gated ion channels (ionotropic Glu receptors). Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are coupled to second messenger pathways via G proteins and modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Of the eight different types of mGlus (mGlu1–mGlu8), mGlu4, mGlu6, mGlu7 and mGlu8 are members of group III. Except for mGlu6, group III receptors are generally located presynaptically and regulate neurotransmitter release. Because of their role in modulating excitatory neurotransmission, mGlus are attractive targets for therapies aimed at treating anxiety disorders.Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the role of mGlu4 and mGlu8 in anxiety disorders. They also discuss how mGlu4 and mGlu8 have distinct expression patterns in the brain, which might have related functions. Finally, the authors discuss how compounds that target more than one mGlu receptor might be therapeutically more effective...
Crack tip-dislocation loop interactions

The elastic interaction between a circular dislocation loop and a crack in an infinite isotropic medium has been studied. This is believed to have a profound influence on the process of dislocation emission from the crack tip, especially in irratiated metals where loops are found in abundance. This could lead to some insight into understanding the ductile vs. brittle behavior of these materials.
Fake News? A Survey on Video News Releases and their Implications on Journalistic Ethics, Independence and Credibility of Broadcast News

The traditional lines between journalism and public relations are now intertwined and public relations practitioners have an influential role on the content consumers see every day in newspapers and on news broadcasts. This survey looked at video news releases and their implications about journalists' ethics, integrity, independence and credibility. 533 participants from three different populations (average viewers, communication college students, and journalists) responded to a 54-question survey that employed two predictors (i) level of experience and (ii) years of journalism experience. The results indicated that average viewers found the use of video news releases (VNRs) more unethical than journalists and communication students, although experienced journalists believed VNR use is having an impact on journalistic independence in news. Implications are discussed.
Preparation of intense 68Ga positron sources by electrocodeposition of 68GeCu3

Abstract Investigation of a new, high efficiency technique for the preparation of laboratory sources of 68Ga by electrocodeposition of 68GeCu3 from dilute alkaline cyanide baths is reported. Procedures are described which have resulted in stable and aherent plates of millicurie intensity. The specific activity of the material is shown to be a critical factor in producing thin (⩽1 mg/cm2) sources while achieving plating efficiencies in excess of 75%.
Workers and Workplaces in a Neoliberal Global Economy

In this commentary I suggest that three sets of processes—a dramatic shrinking of distance between places, a growing global interconnection of economies, and the increasing importance for many corporations of an ‘international strategy’—are having fundamental impacts on workers and workplaces. Although these processes are playing out in geographically uneven ways, differentially affecting various parts of the globe, there are three sets of general implications associated with them. First, the speed with which the consequences of economic and political events are transmitted through markets has increased dramatically during the past decades. Second, the rhetoric of neoliberal globalization is being used in an attempt to shift the balance of power to global capital. Third, the international migration of both work and people is likely to increase, the former fueled by Internet technologies effectively allowing global telecommuting, the latter fueled by falling birth rates in the industrial economies of the g...
Effects of Dewatering on Chinook Salmon Redds: Tolerance of Four Developmental Phases to Daily Dewaterings

Abstract Four intergravel developmental phases of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were dewatered experimentally in artificial redds. The redds consisted of aquaria containing a gravel mix and supplied with 4 liters of water per minute at 10 C. Cleavage eggs and embryos (the egg phases), and eleutheroembryos and pre-emergent alevins (the alevin phases) were dewatered 20 consecutive times in 22-day tests. The egg phases were considerably more tolerant than the alevins. Some cleavage eggs were killed by 12- and 16-hour daily dewaterings, but embryos survived up to 22-hour daily dewaterings. Embryos also tolerated extended, multiple dewaterings (over 60% survival for four consecutive 118-hour periods) and one-time, continuous dewatering for up to 12 consecutive days (over 80% survival). In contrast, about half the eleutheroembryos were killed by 4-hour daily dewaterings, and nearly all pre-emergent alevins were killed by 1-hour daily dewaterings. Intergravel temperatures were affected by insolation an...
Reciprocal Changes in Parathyroid Hormone and Thyroid Function after Radioiodine Treatment of Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is associated with negative calcium balance, normal to increased serum calcium concentrations, and decreased cortical bone mass. There is no agreement concerning serum PTH levels in such patients. In this study, we measured serum PTH concentrations using a newly developed sensitive 2-site immunoradiometric assay in 17 hyperthyroid patients before and after radioiodine therapy. The mean serum PTH and calcium concentrations were 28 +/- 15 (+/- SD) ng/L (normal range, 12-65 ng/L) and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/L (normal range, 2.1-2.6 mmol/L) before therapy. After therapy serum PTH concentrations increased in 16 of the 17 patients. The increase in serum PTH was greater in the 9 patients who became hypothyroid rapidly (29 +/- 15 to 75 +/- 29 ng/L) compared with that in the 8 patients who became euthyroid gradually (26 +/- 16 to 45 +/- 24 ng/L). Serum PTH rose along with TSH as the patients became hypothyroid after radioiodine, and both serum PTH and TSH fell when L-T4 therapy was given. The reciprocal changes in serum PTH concentrations and thyroid function over time suggest a strong association of bone mineral metabolism and thyroid status.
Gender, Consumption, and Commodity Culture

Two FIGURES DOMINATE the nineteenth-century European landscape of female depravity-the prostitute and the kleptomaniac. From Emile Zola's Nana to Edouard Manet's Olympia, the prostitute claimed the imagination of the most gifted and prominent European artists of the century.1 Like a stain on the bright surface of bourgeois liberal culture, the prostitute stood ready to spread disease and confusion; she posed the insuppressible danger of social and sexual disorder.2 In addition, as "saleswoman and wares in one," to use Walter Benjamin's phrase, the prostitute inscribed in her body the growing commodification of social and cultural relations in late nineteenth-century Europe. Both literally and metaphorically, she was inseparable from the new public spaces-arcades, cafes, theaters, department stores-of an increasingly urban, consumer-oriented European society.3 If the prostitute represented woman-as-commodity, the kleptomaniac was both
Interaction of Translation Initiation Factor 3 with the 30S Ribosomal Subunit

Abstract Hydroxyl radical footprinting and directed probing from Fe(II)-derivatized IF3 have been used to map the interaction of IF3 relative to 16S rRNA and tRNA Met f in the 30S ribosomal subunit. Our results place the two domains of IF3 on opposite sides of the initiator tRNA, with the C domain at the platform interface and the N domain at the E site. The C domain coincides with the location of helix 69 of 23S rRNA, explaining the ability of IF3 to block subunit association. The N domain neighbors proteins S7 and S11 and may interfere with E site tRNA binding. Our model suggests that IF3 influences initiator tRNA selection indirectly.
Use of 82Br- radiotracer to study transmembrane halide flux: the effect of a tranquilizing drug, chlordiazepoxide on channel opening of a GABAA receptor.

We used the short-lived radionuclide, ^(82)Br^− to follow γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) receptor-mediated halide exchange into membrane vesicles from rat cerebral cortex in millisecond and second time regions using quench-flow technique. The radioisotope was prepared by neutron capture [^(81)Br^−(n,γ)^(82)Br^−] on irradiation of a natural isotope of bromine, ^(81)Br^− in a neutron flux. ^(82)Br^− decays by β-emission with secondary γ-emission. Possible advantages of ^(82)Br^− over ^(36)Cl^− in anion tracer measurements include, (a) a short lifetime (t_(1/2) = 35.3 hr), which alleviates contamination and disposal problems, (b) high counting efficiency (1.54) due to the secondary radiation, (c) measurement with a γ-counter as well as a β-counter, (d) a simple preparation not requiring subsequent purification steps giving a specific activity depending on the irradiation time. With 6 hr irradiation time the specific activity was sufficient to make measurements with <1 mm Br^−, which is less than the bromide concentration known to affect the properties of GABA_A receptor. The radiotracers, ^(82)Br^− and ^(36)Cl^− could be compared with the same solution composition. In conditions where a direct effect of binding of halide to receptor does not contribute to a difference in measured ion-flux, ^(82)Br^− was translocated only marginally faster than ^(36)Cl^−. The effect of chlordiazepoxide (CDPX) (2–250 μm) on the progress of GABA (10 μm)-mediated ^(82)Br^− uptake was measured in a time range of 200 msec to 20 sec using quench-flow technique. The two phases of anion exchange previously reported in this experimental model with GABA alone were observed. The rate of ^(82)Br^− exchange was increased 2.3-fold at 30–60 μm CDPX and was not further increased with increasing [CDPX]. The rate of halide exchange is a measure of open channel concentration. The isotope exchange rate constant, J, in a membrane vesicle preparation, is a measure of the membrane permeability per internal volume/surface area, J = P_mA/V. Receptor desensitization rate was also increased by CDPX, but unlike the isotope exchange rate, it continued to increase up to at least 250 μm CDPX.
Political trials and the social construction of deviance

In the 1960s and early 1970s deviance research, especially in the labeling perspective, was concerned with the question of how individuals or groups become defined as deviant. Since then, the political analysis of deviance has come to ask the more fundamental question of how deviance becomes constructed through political processes. A political trial is one particularly transparent situation in which narrower political processes for imputing deviance elicit more fundamental interpretations of political modes of deviance construction. In order to explore the workings of the deviance construction process, the present study examines the two defense strategies employed on behalf of the defendants in the trial of the Chicago 15, a group of thirteen men and two women who destroyed selective service files on the south side of Chicago in May, 1969. The first strategy is the previously studied “motivation defense,” wherein the moral righteousness of the defendants' purpose is pleaded as cause for their exculpation. The second is the unique “cultural insanity defense,” which asserts that the defendants were so profoundly deluded in their moral indictment of the government that the jury should return a verdict of culturally insane rather than criminally guilty. The first section of the paper summarizes the circumstances of the trial. The second and third sections analyze each of the two defense strategies, focusing on their legal and political logic and on the prosecution counter-strategies they engendered. The final section indicates a number of theoretical implications for the further development of the political model of political trials and of deviance construction in society at large.
Flow Formed by Spanwise Gaps Between Roughness Elements

Measurements of the three mean velocity components and the three Reynolds shear stresses were made in the region downstream of gaps between wall-mounted roughness elements of square cross section and high aspect ratio in a thick turbulent boundary layer. The effect of small and large gaps was studied in a wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 3600, based on obstacle height and free-stream velocity. The small gap produces retardation of the gap flow as with a two-dimensional roughness element, but a definite interaction between gap and wake flows is observed. The interaction is more intense for the large gap than for the small. Both gaps generate a secondary crossflow which moves fluid away from the centerline in the wall region and toward the centerline in the outer (y greater than 1.5H) region.
GCN5-like Protein 1 (GCN5L1) Controls Mitochondrial Content through Coordinated Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitophagy

Cellular mitochondrial content is governed by the competing processes of organelle biogenesis and degradation. It is proposed that these programs are tightly regulated to ensure that the cell maintains sufficient organelles to meet its biosynthetic, energetic, and other homeostatic requirements. We recently reported that GCN5L1, a putative nutrient-sensing regulator, controls mitochondrial removal by autophagy. Here we show that genetic deletion of GCN5L1 has a direct positive effect on the expression and activity of Transcriptional Factor EB (TFEB), which acts as a master regulator of autophagy. Surprisingly, the induction of TFEB-mediated autophagy pathways does not diminish cellular mitochondrial content, as its activity is countered by induction of the mitochondrial biogenesis transcriptional co-activator PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Concurrent induction of the TFEB and PGC-1α pathways results in an increased mitochondrial turnover rate in GCN5L1−/− cells. Finally, we show that genetic knockdown of either TFEB or PGC-1α leads to a corresponding decrease in the expression of the other gene, indicating that these proteins act coordinately, and in opposition, to maintain cellular mitochondrial content in response to the modulation of nutrient-sensing signatures.
The future of research on thirst and salt appetite

Substantial progress has been made over the last 50 years in studies examining the neural and hormonal basis of thirst and salt appetite. We now understand much about the physiological systems that are engaged in response to perturbations of water and electrolyte balance, including the brain areas that are activated to elicit the appropriate behavioral responses as well as some of the neurotransmitters and hormones that are important in these behaviors. A brief summary of some of the critical and key findings associated with studies of thirst and salt appetite will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of three critical areas of research that have not been fully examined and represent viable future directions of this field.
A computational study of oxiranyllithium.

Computational methods were used to determine the structure, bonding, and aggregation states of oxiranyllithium in the gas phase and in THF solution, at 200 and 298 K. THF solvation was modeled by microsolvation with explicit THF ligands, forming a supermolecule that includes the oxiranyllithium aggregate and its first solvation shell. Because oxiranyllithium has a chiral center, two diastereomeric dimers were formed, the RR and the RS, along with their enantiomers. Similarly, three diastereomers of the tetramer were formed, the RRRR, RRRS, and RRSS and their enantiomers. Oxiranyllithium was found to exist predominantly as the tetramer in the gas phase, while the dimer was the dominant species in THF solution. The relative concentrations of the different stereoisomers were calculated from equilibrium constants.
Safety and utility of uterine artery embolization with CO2 and a gadolinium-based contrast medium.

The authors evaluated the safety and clinical outcomes of uterine artery embolization (UAE) without the use of conventional iodinated contrast media for symptomatic uterine leiomyomata. Patients underwent UAE with use of CO 2 gas and a gadolinium-based contrast medium. The safety and feasibility of the technique were assessed. Patients were followed up at 24 hours, 1 month, and 6 months after UAE and yearly thereafter. UAE without iodinated contrast medium was attempted in eight patients (mean age, 42.7 years ± 4.1), and bilateral UAE was successful in all patients. The mean fluoroscopy time was 14.9 minutes. The mean amount of gadolinium-based contrast medium used was 30.6 mL or 0.181 mmol/kg. No major complications were noted. The mean improvement in the symptom severity score was 53.8. The mean reduction in leiomyoma volume was 42%. To date, no repeat interventions have been performed. UAE with CO 2 and a gadolinium-based contrast medium is a viable treatment option for patients with a severe allergy to iodinated contrast media or renal insufficiency.
Biocompatibility and biofilm inhibition of N,N-hexyl,methyl-polyethylenimine bonded to Boston Keratoprosthesis materials

The biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of N,N-hexyl,methyl-polyethylenimine (HMPEI) covalently attached to the Boston Keratoprosthesis (B-KPro) materials was evaluated. By means of confocal and electron microscopies, we observed that HMPEI-derivatized materials exert an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, as compared to the parent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and titanium. There was no additional corneal epithelial cell cytotoxicity of HMPEI-coated PMMA compared to that of control PMMA in tissue cultures in vitro. Likewise, no toxicity or adverse reactivity was detected with HMPEI-derivatized PMMA or titanium compared to those of the control materials after intrastromal or anterior chamber implantation in rabbits in vivo.
Proactive energy management for high-performance buildings: Exploiting and motivating sensor technologies

We discuss how sensor technologies have enabled the development of proactive energy management (EM) systems. At the same time, we discuss how these emerging EM systems motivate the development of new sensor technologies. Proactive EM systems integrate advances in weather forecasting, sensors, predictive models, and real-time optimization algorithms to anticipate uncertain factors that affect energy performance and costs and make real-time set-point corrections (supply conditions, ventilation rates, thermostats) to modulate them. Ongoing deployment studies have found that up to 30% HVAC energy savings are achievable with this type of technology. We describe extensions of these systems to exploit emerging sensor technologies including occupancy, ventilation, and air quality sensors.
A note on the monotonicity of the critical values of a step-up test

Abstract The monotonicity of the critical values is essential for the implementation of a step-up multiple test procedure. For a step-up test controlling the familywise error rate exactly at α, while a theoretical justification of the existence of monotone critical values is available in the literature for the case of i.i.d. test statistics, it is still an open problem for the general exchangeable case. Recently, Finner and Roters (1998 Ann. Statist. 26 505–524) gave an example of three exchangeable random variables casting doubt about this existence in general. We provide a positive result in this paper by proving that the critical values of a step-up test involving an equicorrelated trivariate standard normal distribution is indeed monotone when the common correlation is positive and at most (zα/22−z1/42)/(zα/22+z1/42), where zα is the upper 100α percent point of N(0,1). Our example raises the hope of establishing the desired monotonicity property in the case of test statistics with totally positive multivariate distributions in the sense of Karlin and Rinott.
Negative Social Preference in Relation to Internalizing Symptoms Among Children with ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: Girls Fare Worse Than Boys

Despite distinct peer difficulties, less is known about the peer functioning of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I) in comparison to the peer functioning of children with ADHD combined type. Our purpose was to examine whether child sex moderated the relations between negative social preference and internalizing/externalizing problems in children with ADHD-I. Participants included 188 children diagnosed with ADHD-I (110 boys; ages 7–11; 54% Caucasian). Teacher ratings of the proportion of classmates who “like/accept” and “dislike/reject” the participating child were used to calculate negative social preference scores. Children, parents, and teachers provided ratings of anxious and depressive symptoms, and parents and teachers provided ratings of externalizing problems. Boys and girls did not differ on teachers’ negative social preference scores. As hypothesized, however, the relation between negative social preference and internalizing sympt...
A heterogeneous, selective oxidation catalyst based on Mn triazacyclononane grafted under reaction conditions

A unique method has been developed to synthesize an active heterogeneous oxidation catalyst by the in situ grafting of a 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane manganese complex on carboxylic acid-functionalized supports serving dual roles as surface tether and necessary co-catalyst, massively increasing total turnovers as compared to the homogeneous analog.
Inhibition of Papain by S-Nitrosothiols FORMATION OF MIXED DISULFIDES

Abstract S-Nitrosylation of protein thiols is one of the cellular regulatory mechanisms induced by NO. The cysteine protease papain has a critical thiol residue (Cys25). It has been demonstrated that NO or NO donors such as sodium nitroprusside and N-nitrosoaniline derivatives can reversibly inhibit this enzyme by S–NO bond formation in its active site. In this study, a different regulated mechanism of inactivation was reported using S-nitrosothiols as the NO donor. FiveS-nitroso compounds,S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine,S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitrosocaptopril, glucose-S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine-2, and the S-nitroso tripeptide acetyl-Phe-Gly-S-nitrosopenicillamine, exhibited different inhibitory activities toward the enzyme in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with second-order rate constants (k i/K I) ranging from 8.9 to 17.2 m − 1s− 1. The inhibition of papain byS-nitrosothiol was rapidly reversed by dithiothreitol, but not by ascorbate, which could reverse the inhibition of papain by NOBF4. Incubation of the enzyme with a fluorescentS-nitroso probe (S-nitroso-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) resulted in the appearance of fluorescence of the protein, indicating the formation of a thiol adduct. Moreover, S-transnitrosylation in the incubation of S-nitroso inactivators with papain was excluded. These results suggest that inactivation of papain byS-nitrosothiols is due to a direct attack of the highly reactive thiolate (Cys25) in the enzyme active site on the sulfur of S-nitrosothiols to form a mixed disulfide between the inactivator and papain.
Primary spinal cord glioma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database study

To characterize the overall survival (OS) and cause specific survival (CSS), and variables affecting outcome, in patients with primary spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) and ependymoma (SCE). About 664 patients with SCA and 1,057 patients with SCE were analyzed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. For grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 SCA, the 5-year OS was 82, 70, 28 and 14%; the 5-year CSS was 89, 77, 36 and 20%. For SCA, lower grade, younger age, and undergoing resection significantly improved OS and CSS; treatment without radiotherapy was favorable for CSS. Smaller tumor size also improved survival. For grade 1, 2, and 3 SCE, the 5-year OS was 92, 97 and 58%; the 5-year CSS was 100, 98 and 64%. For SCE, lower grade, younger age, and undergoing resection significantly improved OS and CSS; treatment without radiotherapy was favorable for OS. Smaller tumor size did not confer a survival benefit. Patients with resected grade 2 spinal cord glioma who did not receive radiotherapy fared well with respect to OS and CSS. For patients with spinal cord glioma, the variables of histology, grade, age and undergoing resection are significant predictors of outcome. Though treatment with radiotherapy was associated with worse outcomes, this may reflect a bias in that patients who underwent radiotherapy were perhaps more likely to have had adverse risk factors. Given the retrospective nature of this study, specific recommendations about which situations warrant radiotherapy cannot be determined.
Radiophosphorus Metabolism of Different Phosphate Compounds in Experimental Animals

Radiophosphorus studies were conducted in rats and hamsters to investigate the metabolic activity of various inorganic phosphates. Significant differences were observed in the metabolic availability and use of phosphate provided as various inorganic salts; the greatest metabolic activity was observed with NaH2PO 4 and the least with most calcium salts.
A speculative on psoriasis as an evolutionary consequence.

Summary I speculate that if the inflammatory reactivity of all humans were quantitated, the results would fall on a bell-shaped curve. Psoriasis or the psoriatic trait is the most reactive 3%. Any attempt by evolution to shift the general inflammatory response to lesser activity would result in consequences more significant than psoriasis. This speculation predicts that we might have to settle for quantitative rather than qualitative changes in inflammation in psoriasis.
CENP-G: a new centromeric protein that is associated with the alpha-1 satellite DNA subfamily.

A new constitutive centromere-specific protein (CENP) has been identified as a result of its recognition as an autoantigen by serum from a patient with gastric antral vascular ectasia disease. Conventional immunoblotting and two-dimensional double blotting with both this antiserum and a known anti-centromere antiserum showed that this antiserum predominantly recognized a M r 95,000 protein that is different from all known CENPs. We have named this new protein CENP-G. This protein was detected at the centromeric region throughout the cell cycle. In mitosis, it was restricted to the kinetochore inner plate as shown by immunogold labeling and electron microscopy. The centromeres of some human chromosomes are known to contain two subfamilies of α-satellite DNA. Using immunofluorescence combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization with subfamily-specific DNA probes, we revealed that CENP-G was specifically associated with one of the subfamilies, which we have named α-1, but not the other. The localization and the α-1-specific association suggested that CENP-G may play a role in kinetochore organization and function. Like CENP-B and C, but unlike CENP-A, this protein remained with the nuclear matrix after intensive extraction. While CENP-B is absent from the human Y chromosome, the existence of CENP-G on the Y chromosome has been proven by immunofluorescence and whole chromosome painting. CENP-G was also detected in CHO, Indian muntjac and Chinese muntjac cells, suggesting that it is conserved in evolution.
High-Dose Argatroban for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Child Using a Ventricular Assist Device

A 10-year-old boy who was receiving support from a ventricular assist device (VAD) experienced heparin-induced thrombocytopenia that was successfully treated with high-dose argatroban infusion to attain therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time in spite of high serum argatroban levels. This case also highlights bolus argatroban dosing for VAD change in the setting of persistent ventricular fibrillation.
Differential effects of diminished oestrogen and androgen levels on development of skeletal muscle fibres in hypogonadal mice

Androgen and oestrogen hormones influence skeletal muscle size and the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibre types. These effects have typically been assessed by producing acute shortages (castration/ovariectomy) or by hormone supplementation. Little evidence exists, however, on how sex hormone shortages affect muscle development from early stages through to adulthood. Using the hypogonadal mouse model (hpg) we examined the effects of diminished androgen and oestrogen upon muscle size and fibre type composition in murine gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Hypogonadal male soleus muscle was significantly smaller than normal males, and approximated the normal and hypogonadal females weight and fibre type characteristics. The hypogonadal male gastrocnemius muscle, however, was significantly small in comparison with normal and hypogonadal female gastrocnemius muscles, with the type IIB fibre diameters decreased most markedly. The hypogonadal female soleus muscle approximated the normal female phenotype, but the gastrocnemius muscle was larger than the normal female, approximating the size of the normal male gastrocnemius muscle. Here too, the type IIB fibres showed the most alteration, with greatly increased fibre diameters. Appropriate amounts of androgens were necessary for gender-specific patterns of growth in male muscles, whilst similar amounts of oestrogen were necessary for female gastrocnemius muscle growth, but not for female soleus muscle. Hypogonadism in this murine model generally retards muscle development in males, but has no apparent influence or enhances muscle development in females. Type IIB fibres are most dependent upon sex hormones for appropriate development, but this relationship is muscle-specific.
Efficiency in the gold market — a note

Abstract This paper investigates the efficiency of the gold market with respect to the information contained in sequences of successive price changes. Tests for serial correlation and modelling the changes as first-order Markov processes indicate some short-term dependence. While there is no reason to believe outsiders can profit from knowledge of these relationships, insiders might, though this is not certain. In addition, the application of a market model to monthly returns for the period 1974–1977 results in the finding that gold's ‘alpha’ and ‘beta’ were positive, but not significantly different from zero.
Studies on the thyroidal accumulation of rhenium in the rat.

ALTHOUGH it has been known for some years that the thyroid gland markedly concentrates iodine, it is becoming apparent, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that the thyroid gland shows a certain affinity for other members of the seventh periodic group of elements; namely, bromine, astatine, manganese, technetium and rhenium (Perlman, et al.,1941, Hamilton and Soley 1940, Baumann and Metzger 1949, Baumann et al., 1949a, Baumann et al., 1949b, Baumann et al., 1951, Bruner et al., 1953, and Baumann et al., 1953). The present report is concerned with the capacity of the thyroid gland to accumulate Re188.
Histamine stimulation of inositol phosphate metabolism in cultured human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

Treatment of cultured human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells with 100 uM histamine for 30 minutes resulted in a 3–5 fold increase in intracellular inositol phosphates. The stimulation by histamine was dose-dependent, with a half-maximal concentration of 3 uM and a maximal concentration of 100 uM. In response to histamine, inositol monophosphate increased approximately linearly for 30 min in the presence of 10 mM LiCl2, while inositol bisphosphate and inositol trisphosphate showed rapid rises complete within a few minutes. Treatment of cells with the Hi antagonist diphenhydramine resulted in a complete inhibition of the histamine effect at 1 uM, with a half-maximal inhibition at 56 nM, whereas cimetidine, an H2 antagonist, had little effect at any concentration tested. Schild analysis of the diphenhydramine/histamine receptor interaction gave an apparent dissociation constant of 7.1 nM. The data suggest that human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells possess H-L histamine receptors.
Gradients in fluid composition across metacarbonate layers of the Wepawaug Schist, Connecticut, USA

Metamorphic index mineral zones, pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions, and CO2–H2O fluid compositions were determined for metacarbonate layers within the Wepawaug Schist, Connecticut, USA. Peak metamorphic conditions were attained in the Acadian orogeny and increase from ~420 °C and ~6.5 kb in the low-grade greenschist facies to ~610 °C and ~9.5 kb in the amphibolite facies. The index minerals oligoclase, biotite, calcic amphibole, and diopside formed with progressive increases in metamorphic intensity. In the upper greenschist facies and in the amphibolite facies, prograde reaction progress is greatest along the margins of metacarbonate layers in contact with surrounding schists, or in reaction selvages bordering syn-metamorphic quartz veins. New index minerals typically appear first in these more highly reacted contact and selvage zones. It has been postulated that this spatial zonation of mineral assemblages resulted from infiltration, largely by diffusion, of water-rich fluids across lithologic contacts or away from fluid conduits like fractures. In this model, the infiltrating fluids drove prograde CO2 loss and were derived from surrounding dehydrating schists or sources external to the metasedimentary sequence. The model predicts that significant gradients in the mole fraction of CO2 ( $$X_{CO_2 } $$ ) should have been present during metamorphism, but new estimates of fluid composition indicate that differences in $$X_{CO_2 } $$ preserved across layers or vein selvages were very small, ~0.02 or less. However, analytical solutions to the two-dimensional advection–dispersion-reaction equation show that only small fluid composition gradients across layers or selvages are needed to drive prograde CO2 loss by diffusion and mechanical dispersion. These gradients, although typically too small to be measured by field-based techniques, would still be large enough to dominate the effects of fluid flow and reaction along regional T and P gradients. Larger gradients in fluid composition may have existed across some layers during metamorphism, but large gradients favor rapid reaction and would, therefore, seldom be preserved in the rock record. Most of the H2O needed to drive prograde CO2 loss probably came from regional dehydration of surrounding metapelitic schists, although H2O-rich diopside zone conditions may have also required an external fluid component derived from syn-metamorphic intrusions or the metavolcanic rocks that structurally underlie the Wepawaug Schist.
Molecular Imaging Changes with Cognition

Whatever lies behind aging and its underlying cognitive deterioration, very little is usually observed in the early stages. One popular model is that of chronic ischemia, in which vascular insufficiency of one kind or another and its reduction in blood flow directly affect cognitive functions.
Dynamics Explorer observations of the production of electron conics

Several mechanisms have been proposed as the cause of electron conics, including perpendicular, oblique, and parallel heating, as well as acceleration by both stochastic and oscillating parallel electric fields. While the conic distributions and various wave modes have been observed together, no measurements have been made of the actual acceleration mechanism while it is in progress. This study reports on data obtained by DE-1, which measured conies at high altitudes (≥ 10,000 km) over the auroral oval, and DE-2, which simultaneously measured electron distributions at low altitudes (∼900 km) in the same latitude/local time region. The DE-2 electron distributions often show the low-altitude signature of a downward field-aligned beam, which has spread to pitch angles of about 55° as a result of the magnetic mirror force, along with an upward-moving electron conic distribution localized in the same pitch-angle range. Even though the electron conies observed by DE-2 have energies of only several hundred eV, compared to the several keV conics observed by DE-1, these observations nevertheless support models in which field-aligned bursts and electron conics occur on the same field line, with the conic being the result of the magnetic mirroring of the part of the downward electron beam that lies just outside the loss cone.
Human PCK1 Encoding Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Is Located on Chromosome 20q13.2

Cytoplasmic liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. Primers derived from the rat liver PEPCK sequence were used to amplify a portion of the human liver cDNA and to screen a YAC library of human genomic DNA. The sequences of human and rat PEPCK cDNA differed at 16% of the nucleotides compared (45/291). Analysis of a human/rodent hybrid mapping panel demonstrated concordant segregation of PCK1 with chromosome 20. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with YAC DNA further localized PCK1 to subband 20q13.2.
Sodium channels contribute to action potential generation in canine and human pancreatic islet B cells.

Pancreatic islet B cells depolarize and display trains of action potentials in response to stimulatory concentrations of glucose. Based on data from rodent islets these action potentials are considered to be predominantly Ca2+ dependent. Here we describe Na+-dependent action potentials and Na+ currents recorded from canine and human pancreatic islet B cells. Current-clamp recording using the nystatin “perforated-patch” technique demonstrates that B cells from both species display tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ action potentials in response to modest glucose-induced depolarization. In companion “whole-cell” voltage-clamp experiments on canine B cells, the underlying Na+ current displays steep voltage-dependent activation and inactivation over the range of −50 to −40 mV. The Na+ current is sensitive to tetrodotoxin block with aK 1=3.2nm and has a reversal potential which changes with [Na+] o as predicted by the Nernst equation. These results suggest that a voltage-dependent Na+ current may contribute significantly to action potential generation in some species outside the rodent family.
Nonlinear Phase Macromodel Based Simulation/Design of PLLs with Superharmonically Locked Dividers

We present a novel nonlinear phase macromodel based technique for quickly and accurately predicting super harmonic injection locking (SHIL) in injection-locked frequency dividing (ILFD) oscillators and PLLs. Our approach is useful for both hand analysis and fast/accurate simulation. We derive an analytical phase slope and periodicity based criterion for detecting SHIL from macromodel simulations and present an insightful way of understanding SHIL phenomena using phase macromodels. We present detailed examples of the new technique and validate our results against full SPICE-level simulation, obtaining speedups of 150-200times
Modification of the Nucleotide Cofactor-binding Site of Cytochrome P-450 Reductase to Enhance Turnover with NADH in Vivo

NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase is the electron transfer partner for the cytochromes P-450, heme oxygenase, and squalene monooxygenase and is a component of the nitric-oxide synthases and methionine-synthase reductase. P-450 reductase shows very high selectivity for NADPH and uses NADH only poorly. Substitution of tryptophan 677 with alanine has been shown to yield a 3-fold increase in turnover with NADH, but profound inhibition by NADP(+) makes the enzyme unsuitable for in vivo applications. In the present study site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids in the 2'-phosphate-binding site of the NADPH domain, coupled with the W677A substitution, was used to generate a reductase that was able to use NADH efficiently without inhibition by NADP(+). Of 11 single, double, and triple mutant proteins, two (R597M/W677A and R597M/K602W/W677A) showed up to a 500-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) with NADH. Inhibition by NADP(+) was reduced by up to 4 orders of magnitude relative to the W677A protein and was equal to or less than that of the wild-type reductase. Both proteins were 2-3-fold more active than wild-type reductase with NADH in reconstitution assays with cytochrome P-450 1A2 and with squalene monooxygenase. In a recombinant cytochrome P-450 2E1 Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay, the R597M/W677A protein increased the sensitivity to dimethylnitrosamine by approximately 2-fold, suggesting that the ability to use NADH afforded a significant advantage in this in vivo assay.
A Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) for inferring logical clauses from examples in polynomial time and some extensions

Two new heuristics are presented for inferring a small size Boolean function from complete and incomplete examples in polynomial time. These examples are vectors defined in {1,0}^n for the complete case, or in {1, 0,*}^n for the incomplete case (where n is the number of binary attributes or atoms and ''*'' indicates unknown value). Each example is either positive or negative, if it must be accepted or rejected by the target function, respectively. For the incomplete case, however, some examples may be unclassifiable. Moreover, computational results indicate that the proposed heuristics may also be effective in solving very large problems with thousands of examples.