cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Conditioning Resistance to Fusarium Root Rot in Common Bean

Fusarium root rot [caused by the soil borne pathogen Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Hans.] is a major constraint to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide. The objectives of this study were to transfer Fusarium root rot resistance from small-seeded Middle American black bean into highly susceptible large-seeded Andean kidney and cranberry bean genotypes and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with Fusarium root rot resistance in common bean. Two inbred backcross line (IBL) populations, developed from crosses between small-seeded resistant and large-seeded genotypes, were evaluated for reaction to root rot during 2 yr in field and greenhouse experiments. Significant genetic variation that displayed continuous transgressive segregation toward root rot susceptibility confirmed the quantitative nature of resistance. Highly significant treatment-by-environmental effects were observed. Narrow-sense heritability (h 2 N ) estimates for resistance ranged from 0.10 to 0.51 for the kidney and from 0.20 to 0.82 for the cranberry IBL populations. Nine QTL significantly associated with Fusarium root rot resistance in the field and greenhouse, explained from 5 to 53% of the total phenotypic variability. The QTL associated with root rot resistance were located on linkage groups (LGs) B2 and B5 of the integrated bean map close to previously identified QTL for resistance on B2. On the basis of a linear regression model, a combination of five markers associated with QTL on two different LGs accounted for 73% of the phenotypic variation for root rot resistance. Data from the current study provides breeders the opportunity to combine, through marker-assisted backcrossing, large-effect QTL identified on different LGs to enhance root rot resistance in Andean germplasm of common bean.
Calculation of bound rovibrational states on the first electronically excited state of the H3 system

Abstract The bound rovibrational states of the upper manifold of the two lowest electronic states of H 3 have been calculated using variational and hyperspherical coordinate propagation methods, neglecting in both the coupling between those electronic states. Inclusion of the effect of the geometric phase induced by the conical intersection between those manifolds (sometimes referred to as the molecular Aharonov-Bohm effect) is shown to change significantly the number, the energies and the wavefunctions of those bound rovibrational states. Quantum numbers are defined which permit a physical understanding of these changes.
One-layer global inversion for outermost core velocity

The most direct method for constraining physical properties of the outermost core involves analysis of SnKS waveforms (where n is an integer). However, the physical nature of this region remains ambiguous in spite of its significance in geodynamic, geomagnetic, and seismic models of the Earth's deep interior. Global inversion for P-wave velocity in the outermost 200 km of the core from SKS and SKKS waveforms is examined here. The inversion process consists of constructing synthetic seismograms using normal mode theory, and solving for first-order perturbations to P-wave velocity. Spheroidal modes with periods between 33 and 100 s are chosen to model the waveforms and P-wave velocity perturbation is solved along individual raypaths, assuming a laterally homogeneous initial model. The dataset includes about 800 digital, long-period radial seismograms from earthquakes which have occurred globally. Seismograms were chosen for source-receiver distances of 110–130° in which SKS and SKKS are best isolated in time from nearby phases. We have attempted to remove the effects of mantle heterogeneity by incorporating the mantle velocity model MDLSH. Figures of P-wave velocity results, plotted at the midpoint between source and receiver, show large-scale patterns of positive and negative lateral velocity variation. There are also regions of inconsistencies, not simply explained by core-mantle boundary (CMB) topography or crisscrossing raypaths. There is no clear dependence of residuals on latitude. Incorporation of a modified version of MDLSH does not significantly change our solutions, suggesting that the resolution length scales of global mantle models are too large to remove important smaller-wavelength (less than 1000 km) mantle heterogeneity effects. Furthermore, raypaths of SKS and SKKS independently go through laterally different structure relative to normal mode wavelengths, starting well above the CMB. These results suggest that simultaneous waveform inversion for P- and S-wave velocities is a more reliable way of constructing a model of outermost core structure.
Research in Corporate Political Action: Integration and Assessment

This article reviews the literature on corporate political action (CPA), integrating the perspectives of nine basic social science theories. Theoretical and empirical research grounded in these nine theories have described the characteristics of firms that engage in CPA (who), their rationale (why), and their methods (how). To a much lesser extent, the literature has also addressed how CPA changes over time (when) and the settings in which CPA is done (where). Reexamining the CPA literature this way directs us toward fundamental research questions that have not yet been addressed.
Solid state NMR studies of photoluminescent cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles

Solid state 113Cd, 77Se, 13C and 31P NMR have been used to study a number of Cd chalcogenide nanoparticles synthesized in tri-n-octyl-phosphine (TOP) with different compositions and architectures. The pure CdSe and CdTe nanoparticles show a dramatic, size-sensitive broadening of the 113Cd NMR line, which can be explained in terms of a chemical shift distribution arising from multiple Cd environments. From 13C NMR, it has been discovered that TOP, or its derivatives such as TOPO (trioctylphosphine oxide), is rapidly moving about the surface of the nanoparticles, indicating that it is relatively weakly bound as compared to other materials used as surface ligands, such as hexadecylamine. 31P NMR of the nanoparticles shows at least five species arising from coordination of the ligands to different surface sites. 113Cd NMR of CdSeTe alloy and layered nanoparticles has provided crucial information which, in conjunction with results from other techniques (especially optical characterization), has made it possible to develop a detailed picture of the composition and structure of these materials: (i) a true CdSeTe homogeneous alloy nanoparticle, (ii) a nanoparticle segregated into an alloy core region rich in Te, with a CdSeTe (close to 1 : 1 Se : Te) alloy shell and (iii) a CdSe/CdTe/CdSe layered nanoparticle in which the CdTe layer contains a small amount of Se and which forms a Quantum Dot Quantum Well (QDQW) system. The results demonstrate that solid state NMR is a vital tool in the arsenal of characterisation techniques available for nanomaterials.
Morphological changes in astrocytes of aging mice fed normal or caloric restricted diets

Astrocyte hypertrophy, associated with neuronal degeneration, has been reported in aging rat hippocampus. Dietary restriction throughout life (restriction of calories without decrease in essential nutrients) increases average and maximal lifespans in rodents. In the present study, the effect of caloric restriction on age-related changes in the maximal diameters of mouse astrocytes was measured. Specific pathogen free C57BL6 mice maintained on either ad libitum (NIH 31 rodent diet) or restricted (60% ad libitum with vitamin supplementation) diets, ages 0.6 (weaning), 6, 19, and 24 months were obtained from the NCTR aging rodent facility in Jefferson, AK. Their brains were stained by a modified Golgi method and astrocyte diameters were determined with a Zeiss Videoplan image analyzer. Astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of ad libitum-fed mice were of similar diameter from 6 to 24 months of age, and were larger than those of weanlings. However, astrocytes were significantly smaller in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of caloric restricted mice at 19 and 24 months, suggesting the prevention or reversal of age-related astroglial enlargement. Astroglia were also significantly smaller in the frontal and parietal cortices of caloric-restricted mice at six months of age than those of ad libitum-fed mice. At older ages, however, no significant differences were seen between the two groups. This finding may indicate a delay in neocortical astrocyte development by caloric restriction.
Rural African American clergy: Are they literate on late-life depression?

This exploratory study examined rural African American clergy's knowledge of and experience in providing support to African American elders with late-life depression. Interviews were conducted with nine African American clergy who oversaw rural churches in central Kentucky. Jorm and colleagues provide a conceptual framework for mental health literacy to explore participants' knowledge of late-life depression. Although few clergy had direct experience with counseling a depressed older adult, all the clergy were considered literate regarding late-life depression and its treatment. These findings have implications for social workers building collaborative community treatment relationships.
Image to LIDAR matching for geotagging in urban environments

We present a novel method for matching ground-based query images to a georeferenced LIDAR 3D dataset acquired from an airborne platform in urban environments. We are addressing two main technical challenges: (i) different modalities between the query and the reference data (electro-optical vs. LIDAR) that impose unique challenges to the matching problem; (ii) very different viewing directions from which the query, respectively the LIDAR data were acquired. We make two main technical contributions in this paper. First, we present a method for automatically extracting features from LIDAR data that largely remain invariant to the projection in a 2D image and thus allow robust matching across modalities and change in viewpoint. Second, we describe a matching technique that finds the best 3D pose that relates the query input image to a rendered image of the 3D models. We present results of matching images to high-resolution LIDAR data covering five square kilometers over a city that demonstrate the power of the matching method proposed.
A Study of Solid [{Cu(MePY2)}2O2]2+ Using Resonance Raman and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies: An Intermediate Cu2O2 Core Structure or a Solid Solution?

Solid [{Cu(MePY2)}2O2]2+ is spectroscopically characterized using resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, for which the former technique probes the nature of the O−O bond and the latter ...
Male elimination in the honeybee

In a striking example of sex allocation modification, female social insect (hymenopteran) workers sometimes cannibalize a fraction of their colony’s immature males. The commonly cited explanation for this male elimination is that workers are in genetic conflict with the queen and are biasing the colony’s sex allocation in their favor. However, this behavior might allow workers to tailor their colony’s investment in reproduction to environmental conditions and therefore might play an important role even in the absence of queen‐worker conflict. So far, male elimination has been demonstrated only in species where the potential for queen‐worker conflict is high. Here we present experimental evidence for facultative male elimination in the honeybee, a species where queen‐worker conflict is expected to be minimal or absent because of multiple mating by the queen. We manipulated the abundance of older male brood in colonies and found that survival of younger male larvae was lower when we increased the abundance than when we decreased it. Survival of worker larvae was high across colony conditions. These results suggest that genetic conflict is not a necessary precondition for male elimination in social insect societies. Instead, male elimination might sometimes reflect adaptive adjustment of male reproductive function, potentially increasing colony efficiency in the interests of all colony members. Key words: cooperation, kin selection, male elimination, male reproductive function, queen‐worker conflict, sex allocation. [Behav Ecol]
How and Why for the Camera-Shy: Using Digital Video in Psychiatry

Videotaping and digital editing (desktop video) provide a therapist with compelling material that can be used for therapy with patients, for teaching and professional presentation, and for therapist development. Despite these advantages, many clinicians are reluctant to record their work for reasons that include self-consciousness on the part of the therapist or patient, concerns about negative effects of videotaping on the session, concerns about confidentiality and legal liability, and lack of familiarity with the process of videotaping and the equipment involved. Understanding the benefits, concerns, and basic process involved in video recording and editing should reduce clinician apprehension and encourage more widespread use of this powerful clinical medium.
Fox-Kemper and Willis receive Ocean Sciences Early Career Awards: Response from Baylor Fox-Kemper

Baylor Fox-Kemper and Josh K. Willis each received the 2011 Ocean Sciences Early Career Award at the 2011 AGU Fall Meeting, held 5–9 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “significant contributions to and promise in the ocean sciences.”
Trisnorsqualene methyl hydroxylamine: a potent dual inhibitor of mammalian squalene epoxidase and oxidosqualene cyclase

Abstract Squalene epoxidase and oxidosqualene cyclase, two sequential enzymes in the sterol biosynthesis pathway, are inhibited effectively by trisnorsqualene methyl hydroxylamine.
Medulloblastomas Expressing IL13Rα2 are Targets for IL13-zetakine+ Cytolytic T Cells

Central nervous system loco-regional disease relapse is a common etiology of treatment failure for medulloblastoma (MB)/primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Therapeutic targeting of primary disease and the adjacent craniospinal cerebral spinal fluid pathways should decrease relapse rates and allow for
An analysis of the effects of Alzheimer's plaques on living neurons.

Abstract Although senile plaques represent a consistent neuropathological feature in Alzheimer's brains, it is not known what role plaques play in the etiology of the disease. Both growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting influences have been postulated. One of the major components in plaques, β-amyloid, has been shown to affect neuron survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro. Because plaques consist of other components in addition to β-amyloid, we undertook the present study to determine whether neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth are affected by the presence of a senile plaque. This was accomplished by using cryostat sections from the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's patients as a substratum for cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Evaluation of these living neurons on Alzheimer's tissue demonstrated that senile plaques affect the amount, complexity, and direction of neurite outgrowth. In addition, neurons were more likely to extend processes away from plaques rather than toward a plaque. Although cell survival on plaques and in control regions was similar, cell survival was significantly reduced in the peri-plaque region. These observations suggest that senile plaques could have deleterious effects on neural organization in situ.
Accelerated boundary integral method for multiphase flow in non-periodic geometries

An accelerated boundary integral method for Stokes flow of a suspension of deformable particles is presented for an arbitrary domain and implemented for the important case of a planar slit geometry. The computational complexity of the algorithm scales as O ( N ) or O ( N log N ), where N is proportional to the product of number of particles and the number of elements employed to discretize the particle. This technique is enabled by the use of an alternative boundary integral formulation in which the velocity field is expressed in terms of a single layer integral alone, even in problems with non-matched viscosities. The density of the single layer integral is obtained from a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind involving the double layer integral. Acceleration in this implementation is provided by the use of General Geometry Ewald-like method (GGEM) for computing the velocity and stress fields driven by a set of point forces in the geometry of interest. For the particular case of the slit geometry, a Fourier-Chebyshev spectral discretization of GGEM is developed. Efficient implementations employing the GGEM methodology are presented for the resulting single and the double layer integrals. The implementation is validated with test problems on the velocity of rigid particles and drops between parallel walls in pressure driven flow, the Taylor deformation parameter of capsules in simple shear flow and the particle trajectories in pair collisions of capsules in simple shear flow. The computational complexity of the algorithm is verified with results from several large scale multiparticle simulations.
Relationship between Body Image and Percent Body Fat among College Male Varsity Athletes and Nonathletes

Three groups of students from a large midwestern university (15 varsity swimmers, 15 varsity football players, and 15 nonathletes) were administered a 20-item questionnaire concerned with body image and subsequently underwent skinfold measurements to assess percent body fat. Scores obtained were correlated to estimate the relationship between body image and adiposity. For the groups combined (N = 45) the relationship was significant and inverse (r = -0.51). For the nonathletic group a significant value -0.76 was found; for the two groups of athletes there was no relationship (rs = 0.002 and -0.059 for football players and swimmers, respectively). We conclude that body image as measured in this study in inversely related to percent body fat among college men, especially among students not engaged in varsity sports.
Secondary Prevention of Heart Disease in Women: Gaps in Care/Gaps in Knowledge—Where Do We Need to Focus Our Attention

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women in the USA, and yet, CVD is consistently underestimated and undertreated in women. Awareness of this gender gap is growing, but still persists. Women with existing CVD are a particularly vulnerable and neglected population. Better understanding of the secondary prevention of CVD is sorely needed. Women are underrepresented in all CVD trials and sex-specific research is lacking. Consequently, the present guidelines for the secondary prevention of CVD in women are largely derived from studies performed in men. Albeit imperfect, these guidelines are less frequently applied to female patients. CVD outcomes are consistently worse in women than men, highlighting the need to address this gender disparity. We review the current guidelines and data on the secondary prevention of CVD in women and outline areas in need of further investigation and intervention.
STUDIES ON UROBILIN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY : I. THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF UROBILIN.

Methods are presented for the development of clear fluorescent solutions from urobilin-containing urine, feces, and bile obtained from the dog. Conversion of the urobilinogen to urobilin is accomplished during the procedures. Measurement of the urobilin content is effected by comparing its fluorescence at great dilution with a standard containing acriflavine, calibrated in turn against pure urobilin. Means have been found to avoid the influence of the factors responsible in part for the inaccuracy of urobilin determinations. The method will quantitate exceedingly small amounts of urobilin and estimations on the same material agree within 10 per cent. Though designed for experimental procedures on the dog, the methods would seem adapted for clinical uses as well.
Present and future status of microbial control of arthropods

Abstract Development of technology for microbial control of insects and mites has progressed rapidly during the past several decades. Numerous entomopathogenic viruses, fungi, protozoa and bacteria currently registered for use in the United States and other nations are well suited for incorporation into selected pest management programmes. Major phases of development of microbial agents have included discovery, characterization, efficacy and safety determination, and registration. Several specific factors, both biological and non-biological, have limited development and use of certain entomopathogens. Future development in this field will probably involve genetic engineering of pathogens which are more stable, potent and specific. Additional emphasis must also be placed on epizootiological studies as well as application and formulation technology.
Molecular characterization and expression of a granzyme of an ectothermic vertebrate with chymase-like activity expressed in the cytotoxic cells of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

We have identified the gene coding for a novel serine protease with close similarities to mammalian granzymes from nonspecific cytotoxic cells of a teleost fish Oreochromis niloticus. The genomic organization of tilapia granzyme-1 (TLGR-1) has the signature five-exon–four-intron structure shared by all granzymes and similar hematopoietic Ser proteases. Molecular modeling studies suggested a granzyme-like structure for this protein with four disulfide linkages and two additional Cys residues. The expression of this gene is found to be restricted to cytotoxic cell populations with a low level of constitutive expression when compared to similar granzymes in other teleost species. High levels of transcriptional activation of TLGR-1 with different stimuli suggested that this gene is highly induced during immune reactions. Triplet residues around the active site Ser of TLGR, which determines the primary substrate specificity of granzymes, differ significantly from that of other granzymes. Recombinant TLGR-1 was expressed in the mature and proenzyme forms using pPICZ-alpha vector in the Pichia pastoris expression system. Recombinant TLGR-1 was used to determine the primary substrate specificity of this protease using various synthetic thiobenzyl ester substrates. In vitro enzyme kinetics assays suggested a preference for residues with bulky side chains at the P1 site, indicating a chymase-like activity for this protease. These results indicate the presence of novel granzymes in cytotoxic cells from ectothermic vertebrates.
Challenges in Interventional Radiology: The Pregnant Patient

A pregnant patient presenting to interventional radiology (IR) has a different set of needs from any other patient requiring a procedure. Often, the patient's care can be in direct conflict with the growth and development of the fetus, whether it be optimal fluoroscopic imaging, adequate sedation of the mother, or the timing of the needed procedure. Despite the additional risks and complexities associated with pregnancy, IR procedures can be performed safely for the pregnant patient with knowledge of the special and general needs of the pregnant patient, use of acceptable medications and procedures likely to be encountered during pregnancy, in addition to strategies to protect the patient and her fetus from the hazards of radiation.
Apparent interruption of atrial conduction pathways after surgical repair of transposition of great arteries.

Abstract Apparent interruption of the atrial conduction (internodal) pathways after the Senning operation, the Mustard procedure or the creation of an atrial septal defect was sought in the hearts of 49 patients with transposition of the great arteries, and the findings were correlated with postoperative dysrhythmias. The results indicate that (1) extensive disturbance of the atrial septal connections between the sinus and atrioventricular nodes frequently is associated with serious dysrhythmia, and (2) disruption of the region of the middle atrial conduction pathway, especially when coupled with damage to another pathway, is frequently associated with dysrhythmia, most commonly nodal rhythm.
Applying CVaR for decentralized risk management of financial companies

Abstract Over the past decade, financial companies have merged diverse areas including investment banking, insurance, retail banking, and trading operations. Despite this diversity, many global financial firms suffered severe losses during the recent recession. To reduce enterprise risks and increase profits, we apply a decentralized risk management strategy based on a stochastic optimization model. We extend the decentralized approach with the CVaR risk-metric, showing the advantages of CVaR over traditional risk measures such as value-at-risk. An example taken from the earthquake insurance area illustrates the concepts.
Propagation on Overhead Transmission Lines II-Earth-Conduction Effects and Practical Results

This paper will discuss the magnitude of earth correction terms calculated from available references. It is concluded that Carson's earth correction terms are predominant, and curves detailing the magnitude of these are presented. Examples showing the magnitude of Carson's earth correction terms for a given line at 60 c/s, 50 kc/s, and 1 Mc/s are shown. A modal analysis, using the technique developed in a companion paper, shows the effect of the earth correction terms on the modes of propagation and confirming field test results are given.
aVR, an index of all ECG limb leads, with clinical utility for monitoring of patients with edematous states, including heart failure

Background:Nonreproducibility of precordial electrocardiogram (ECG) leads in serial ECGs has led to emphasis on the limb leads for some applications. Since modern electrocardiographs measure leads I and II and calculate on line the other four limb leads, the former can substitute for the set of six limb leads. Furthermore, based on the mathematical relationship of lead aVR and leads I and II, it was hypothesized that aVR could be used as a representative index of the set of the six limb leads. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ECG lead aVR could function as an index of all limb leads, in clinical electrocardiography. Methods:Automation-derived and manually derived QRS voltage amplitude measurements of all limb leads in ECGs of a series of 100 randomly selected consecutive patients, and ECGs of 36 patients with various edematous states (EDST), congestive heart failure (CHF), or undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and aVR were inter-correlated with the sums of leads I and II (ΣI&II), and the entire set of the six limb leads (Σ6LbLds). Results:Correlation of aVR with ΣII also, aVR was found to be a reliable index of the six limb leads in repeat ECGs in the patients with various EDST, CHF, or undergoing HD, in whom changes in aVR correlated with changes in patients’ body weight. Conclusion:aVR could be taken as an index of all ECG limb leads in analysis in general, and in monitoring patients with EDST, CHF, and HD in particular.
Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells

apoE-deficient mice have been created by homologous recombination in ES cells. On a low fat, low cholesterol chow diet these animals have plasma cholesterol levels of 494 mg/dl compared with 60 mg/dl in control animals, and when challenged with a high fat Western-type diet, these animals have plasma cholesterol levels of 1821 mg/dl compared with 132 mg/dl in controls. This marked hypercholesterolemia is primarily due to elevated levels of very low and intermediate density lipoproteins. At 10 weeks of age, apoE-deficient mice have already developed atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary and pulmonary arteries. apoE-deficient mice are a promising small animal model to help understand the role of apoE in vivo and the genetic and environmental determinants of atherosclerosis.
Potato not Pope: human brain potentials to gender expectation and agreement in Spanish spoken sentences

Event-related potentials were used to examine the role of grammatical gender in auditory sentence comprehension. Native Spanish speakers listened to sentence pairs in which a drawing depicting a noun was either congruent or incongruent with sentence meaning, and agreed or disagreed in gender with the immediately preceding spoken article. Semantically incongruent drawings elicited an N400 regardless of gender agreement. A similar negativity to prior articles of gender opposite to that of the contextually expected noun suggests that listeners predict specific words during comprehension. Gender disagreements at the drawing also elicited an increased negativity with a later onset and distribution distinct from the canonical N400, indicating that comprehenders attend to gender agreement, even when one of the words is only implicitly represented by a drawing.
Some Contacts Are More Equal than Others: Informal Networks, Job Tenure, and Wages

The explanation typically given for longer tenure among workers who use informal contacts to find jobs is that relatives and friends reduce uncertainty about the quality of the match between worker and employer. An alternative explanation is that workers rely on informal information sources as a last resort. Such workers remain at their current jobs mainly because they have few alternative choices rather than because of better match quality. This article shows that the two different explanations are simultaneously valid for different types of contacts and can account for differences in the wage effects of job contacts.
Nitric oxide–generating β-adrenergic blocker nipradilol preserves postischemic cardiac function

Abstract Background . Preconditioning protects the heart from ischemic injury, but some of its effects are reversed by β-adrenergic blockade. We hypothesize that because nitric oxide is known to precondition the heart, the nitric oxide–generating β-blocker nipradilol may simultaneously precondition and provide clinically relevant β-blockade. Methods . Isolated, crystalloid-perfused rabbit hearts underwent 1 hour of left anterior descending coronary artery ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. Before ischemia, six hearts received nipradilol, six received the nitric oxide donor l-arginine, four hearts received the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester before l-arginine, nine underwent ischemic preconditioning, and six received β-blockade by esmolol before ischemic preconditioning. Seven hearts received no pretreatment (control). Action potential duration and ventricular pressure were measured. Infarct size was determined at the end of reperfusion. Results . Both l-arginine and ischemic preconditioning prolonged action potential duration significantly at 60 minutes of reperfusion. Compared with control, infarct size was reduced by ischemic preconditioning (26% ± 4% versus 49% ± 3%, IPC versus control; p p p Conclusions . Despite its properties as a β-adrenergic blocking agent, nipradilol was able to precondition the heart, probably as a result of its ability to produce nitric oxide.
Expansile radiolucent mass in the maxilla

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is an uncommon, extremely benign odontogenic lesion that should be differentiated from the other osseous lesions. The surgical management should be conservative without expectation of recurrence.
The second STEP: the feasibility of repeat serial transverse enteroplasty.

Abstract Background Serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) lengthens and tapers dilated bowel. Redilation of the STEP segment occurs in some patients with intestinal failure. The feasibility of a repeat STEP procedure in a pig model is evaluated. Methods Six pigs underwent reversal of an intestinal segment distal to the ligament of Treitz. At 6-week intervals after reversal, each animal had 2 STEP procedures on the bowel proximal to the reversed segment. Necropsy was performed up to 6 weeks after repeat STEP. Results Bowel length increased by 11.3 ± 3.9 cm and bowel diameter decreased from a mean of 5.3 ± 0.8 to 1.8 ± 0.4 cm ( P P P Conclusions A second STEP operation is feasible in a pig model and may be considered to optimize bowel length and function in select patients with intestinal failure.
Drinking to intracerebral angiotensin II and carbachol: Dose-response relationships and ionic involvement

Abstract Dose dependent drinking responses were elicited by microinjections (in 0.1 μl volumes) of carbachol and angiotensin II directly into a midline region of the rat brain including the medial septal and medial preoptic areas. It was found that angiotensin II had a lower threshold dose, a lower maximally effective dose, and a shorter response latency than carbachol in eliciting drinking. No drinking was produced by hypertonic solutions of 300 or 800 mM NaCl when injected alone into this area. However, hypertonic NaCl solutions mixed with threshold doses of angiotensin II (9.71 pmol) potentiated the drinking response but had no effect when mixed with low doses of carbachol (13.7 pmol). Water intake following higher doses of angiotensin II and carbachol was not altered by hypertonic vehicles of NaCl or LiCl, whereas hypertonic KCl inhibited angiotensin induced drinking. Responses to angiotensin II (48.6 pmol) and carbachol (548 pmol) were unaffected when the injection vehicle was distilled water or 154 mM sucrose.
A rocket-borne faint object spectrograph with a codacon detector

A rocket payload, consisting of a Rowland circle spectrograph with a multi-anode, microchannel plate detector, located at the focus of a 40 cm mirror, has been constructed to observe faint astronomical objects in the 900 to 1800 A spectral region. It can obtain the spectrum of an unreddened, V = 10m OB star with 3 A resolution and + or 3% precision in a 60 second observation.
Case report 659

The only plain radiographic skeletal features in this 71-year-old man were those of a solitary sclerotic lumbar vertebral body which grossly underestimated the extent of metastatic carcinoid involvement of the lumbar spine and elsewhere described in the text. The primary focus in this case was either the pancreas or gallbladder resulting in disseminated metastases to the skeleton and many visceral areas. It was emphasized that these skeletal metastases are principally blastic and that those carcinoids arising in the bronchi and foregut-related structures (e.g., stomach) most often metastasize to the skeleton.
THE FUNCTION OF THE GOLGI APPARATUS IN LACTATING CELLS OF THE BALB/CCRGL MOUSE. AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY.

The formation of milk protein droplets in lactating cells of the mammary glands of BALB/cCrgl mice was studied by electron microscopy and by autoradiographic techniques adapted to electron microscopy. The morphological evidence strongly indicates that minute percursor particles are concentrated within the Golgi apparatus to form the mature milk protein droplets present in the apices of the cells and in the alveolar lumens. The autoradiographic evidence also supports this hypothesis. Tritiated leucine, shown to be a constituent of mouse milk protein droplets in the present experiments, was injected into the tail veins of lactating mice. The Golgi regions of the cells showed the highest grain counts in autoradiographs of specimens obtained at 30 minutes after injection. Prior to that time, the highest counts were over the ergastoplasm. The results of the experiments indicate that at least one funtion of the Golgi apparatus in lactating cells is the concentration of smaller proteinaceous precursors to form the larger milk protein droplets.
A Joint Statistical and Dynamical Assessment of Atmospheric Response to North Pacific Oceanic Variability in CCSM3

Abstract Atmospheric response to North Pacific oceanic variability is assessed in Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) using two statistical methods and one dynamical method. All methods identify an equivalent barotropic low response to a warmer sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Kuroshio Extension region (KOE) during early–midwinter. While all three methods capture the major features of the response, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment method (GEFA) isolates the impact of KOE SST from a complex context, and thus makes itself an excellent choice for similar practice.
An Extremal Result for Unknown Interval Linear Systems

Abstract This paper explores some important characteristics of a system of linear equations containing parameters. Such a system of equations arises in many branches of engineering including electrical circuits, hydraulic networks and truss structures. A parametrized solution of a set of linear equations can be obtained by applying Cramer's rule. In many practically important cases the parameters appear with rank one dependency, resulting in parametrized solutions to be of a rational multilinear form, which will be monotonic in each parameter. This monotonic characteristic has practical importance in the analysis and design of linear systems with parameters having interval uncertainties. In particular, extremal values of system variables occur at the vertices of the parameter boxes.
Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg and Italy

In recent years, the personality and policies of Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg have continued to attract the attention of historians. Was Schwarzenberg a Realpolitiker attempting a decisive turn from the policies of Prince Clemens von Metternich, as the traditional interpretation would have it? Or is the revisionist view more accurate: that Schwarzenberg was an old-fashioned conservative, whose policies had much more in common with those of Metternich than previous generations of historians have believed?
Numerical Solution of Parabolic Partial Differential Equations With Two-Point Boundary Conditions by Use of the Method of Lines

The Method of Lines, a numerical technique commonly used for solving partial differential equations on analog computers, is used to attain digital computer solutions of such equations. An extensive theoretical development is presented that establishes convergence and stability for one-dimensional parabolic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. A new modification of the method, using noncentral differences, is shown to be much faster, in terms of computer time, than conventional grid methods, for two examples.
Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure Effects on Renal Outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)

OBJECTIVE Blood pressure (BP) control for renal protection is essential for patients with type 2 diabetes. Our objective in this analysis of Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) data was to learn whether on-study systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) affected renal outcomes measured as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The VADT was a prospective, randomized study of 1,791 veterans with type 2 diabetes to determine whether intensive glucose control prevented major cardiovascular events. In this post hoc study, time-varying covariate survival analyses and hazard ratios (HR) were used to determine worsening of renal outcomes. RESULTS Compared with SBP 105–129 mmHg, the risk of ACR worsening increased significantly for SBP 130–139 mmHg (HR 1.88 [95% CI 1.28–2.77]; P = 0.001) and for SBP ≥140 mmHg (2.51 [1.66–3.78]; P P = 0.022) and PP ≥60 with significantly increased risk (2.38 [1.58–3.59]; P P = 0.045) for each 1% (10.9 mmol/mol) A1C increase. CONCLUSIONS SBP ≥130 mmHg and PP >60 mmHg were associated with worsening ACR. The results suggest that treatment of SBP to
Static gain and dynamics of cortisol secretory response to intravenous corticotropin (ACTH) in unanesthetized dogs. Analysis by a linear mean-squared estimator.

To define the static gain and dynamic characteristics of the adrenal cortical response to its input hormone, ACTH, and the properties of elements that distribute, bind, and dispose of ACTH after it has entered the blood stream, we introduced graded pulses or graded, constant infusions of ACTH intravenously to unanesthetized dogs, previously prepared for the painless collection of adrenal vein blood. Our data demonstrate that the static gain of the cascaded elements under study is higher than previously described by others using anesthetized dogs. Furthermore, we found faster responses (a wider band-width), and a new response pattern, compared to prior work. The new output pattern, following pulse or step inputs, was defined by application of a linear mean-squared estimator designed as a feature extractor. The new output pattern is not predicted by current models of this system. The linear estimator was effective both as a filter and as an interpolator, and with it we were able to identify a cortisol secretory pattern that otherwise would have been lost in noise. The intra-dog variability was as high as the inter-dog variability in the system components under study. Ten physiological conclusions based on the use of the estimator are presented.
The Antisystematic Impact of Postmodern Philosophy

The postmodern turn in psychotherapy has fastened on the value for therapy of postmodemism's antirealist/ constructivist philosophy—that knowers make rather than discover reality, and therefore all knowledge is inescapably relative or subjective. In this article I argue that therapists have seized on postmodern antirealism in an attempt to individualise practice, but that antirealism is irrelevant to that goal. To individualize therapy, therapists need a clearer understanding of the structure of the theoretical systems they use to guide their practice. In particular, so-called postmodern therapy systems are structured to enhance the indnridualizatlon of practice, but at the expense of achieving a systematic practice. Moreover, postmodernism has other consequences for therapy that should be considered and empirically assessed before ft is declared the solution to psychotherapy's recalcitrant problems.
Identification and functional characterization of a Na(+)-independent large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT2) on ARPE-19 cells.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of a large neutral amino acid transporter on the ARPE-19 cell line. ARPE-19 cells were grown on 24-well plates for uptake studies. Uptake characteristics of [ 3 H ] l -phenylalanine ( l -Phe) were determined at various concentrations and pH at 37 °C. Inhibition studies were conducted in presence of l - and d -amino acids, metabolic inhibitors, like ouabain, sodium azide, and in presence of sodium-free medium, to delineate the mechanism of uptake. RT–PCR was carried out on total RNA isolated from the ARPE-19 cells. Presence of Na+-free buffer did reduce the uptake rate. Hence, all experiments were carried out in Na+-free medium to delineate the sodium-independent uptake mechanism. Uptake of l -Phe on ARPE cells was found to be saturable with a Km=89.35±14 μM, Vmax=58.9±2.5 pmol min−1 mg protein−1, and Kd=0.108±0.04 μl min−1 mg protein−1. Dose-dependent inhibition was observed with increasing concentrations of unlabeled l -Phe. Uptake also was found to be energy independent. Significant inhibition of [ 3 H ] l -Phe was observed with large neutral aromatic and aliphatic amino acids as well as small neutral amino acids. System L-specific inhibitor BCH produced partial inhibition of uptake. Neither acidic nor basic amino acids altered the uptake rate. Results obtained were predominantly characteristic of LAT2, particularly with respect to substrate selectivity and pH dependence. Bands for LAT2 were detected by RT–PCR in the ARPE cell line. This study provides biochemical evidence of the presence of a Na+-independent, facilitative transport system, LAT2, on the ARPE-19 cells.
Host Range of Phytophthora capsici from Pumpkin and Pathogenicity of Isolates

This study was conducted to determine the host range of Phytophthora capsici isolates from pumpkin and virulence of the isolates on pumpkin cultivars. The pathogenicity of P. capsici isolates from pumpkin was evaluated on 45 species of herbaceous plants, including 36 species of crops grown in rotation sequences with pumpkin and nine species of weeds that commonly grow in pumpkin fields in Illinois. Plants were grown in the greenhouse, and 4-week-old seedlings were inoculated by adding 5 ml of a zoospore suspension (2 × 105 spores per ml of water) onto the soil surface around the stem of each plant in the pot. Twenty-two crop species and two weed species became infected with P. capsici and developed symptoms. P. capsici was reisolated from all of the symptomatic plants by culturing tissues onto a semiselective medium (PARP). Also, P. capsici was detected in 87.5% of symptomatic plants by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using PCAP and IT5 primers. Cucurbits and pepper were the most susceptible hosts of P. capsici. Five crop species or varieties, beet (Beta vulgaris), Swiss-chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla), lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus), turnip (Brassica rapa), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and one weed species, velvet-leaf (Abutilon theophrasti), were found to be hosts of P. capsici for the first time. Six isolates of P. capsici were inoculated onto six pumpkin cultivars (three processing and three jack-o-lantern pumpkins) in the greenhouse and resulted in significant interactions between pathogen isolates and pumpkin types. P. capsici isolates were more virulent on jack-o-lantern pumpkins than on processing pumpkins.
Satellite-derived land surface parameters for mesoscale modelling of the Mexico City basin

Mesoscale meteorological modelling is an important tool to help understand air pollution and heat island effects in urban areas. Accurate wind simulations are difficult to obtain in areas of weak synoptic forcing. Local factors have a dominant role in the circulation and include land surface parameters and their interaction with the atmosphere. This paper examines an episode during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) in April of 2003. Because the episode has weak synoptic forcing, there is the potential for the surface heat budget to influence the local meteorology. High resolution satellite observations are used to specify the land use, vegetation fraction, albedo and surface temperature in the MM5 model. Making use of these readily available data leads to improved meteorological simulations in the MCMA, both for the wind circulation patterns and the urban heat island. Replacing values previously obtained from land-use tables with actual measurements removes the number of unknowns in the model and increases the accuracy of the energy budget. In addition to improving the understanding of local meteorology, this sets the stage for the use of advanced urban modules.
Unusual occurrence of the Virginia pitch-nodule moth, Petrova wenzeli (Kearfott), in Canada (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae).

Recent study of three Ontario Petrova specimens in the Canadian National Collection, tentatively identified as P. albicapitana (Busck), showed them to be the Virginia pitch-nodule moth, P. wenzeli (Kearfott). This insect was previously unknown outside the range of its Virginia pine host, Pinus virginiana Mill. (Miller and Altmann, 1958). Following this discovery, the Canadian Forest Insect Survey assembled nearly 300 specimens labeled as Petrova albicapitana for restudy, and among these 2 more P. wenzeli specimens were identified by the writer. With the writer's differentiation guide given below, Forest Insect Survey personnel distinguished two more P. wenzeli moths from a large group of P. albicapitana specimens reared subsequently.