cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contrast visual acuities in cataract patients. I. Comparison with normal subjects.

We compared pre- and postoperative visual acuities in 45 cataract patients without ocular pathology except lens opacity (group 1) and 20 patients with ocular pathologies and lens opacity (group 2) using Variable Contrast Visual Acuity Charts. Charts 1 and 4 have 90% contrast; chart 4 has white optotypes on a black background (reverse polarity), charts 2 and 3 have 15% and 2.5% contrast, respectively. The mean preoperative visual acuities of groups 1 and 2 measured with the high-contrast Landolt optotypes ranged from 0.02–0.80 and 0.22–0.40, respectively. Visual acuity improvements between the pre- and postoperative periods ranged from 1.37–1.61 and 0.52–1.24 octaves in groups 1 and 2, respectively, with the different charts. Visual acuity improvement was poorest with chart 3. The group 1 mean preoperative visual acuity measured with chart 2 was 1.11 octaves lower than with chart 1. In group 2, the visual acuity reduction was 1.81 octaves. The relation between the visual acuities measured with the high-contrast intermediate-contrast optotypes are important for predicting postoperative visual acuity improvement. An abnormal contrast acuity profile may indicate the presence of additional ocular pathologies.
Long-term efficacy of intracoronary irradiation in inhibiting in-stent restenosis.

Background—Intracoronary irradiation is a promising modality for inhibition of in-stent restenosis. Results of randomized clinical trials at 6 months after gamma ray irradiation are highly encouraging. The first results at 3 years after irradiation, while still showing benefit, have shown significant late loss. The probable mechanism of the radiation is to inactivate (prevent from dividing) most cells that otherwise could proliferate to produce neointimal formation. We measured the proportion of cells that survive with their clonogenic potential intact after the doses and dose rates used in the randomized trials, and we then modeled the subsequent repopulation of the surviving cells that might cause late restenosis. Methods and Results—Human aortic smooth muscle cells were irradiated with gamma rays, including the doses and dose rates used in current trials, and clonogenic surviving fractions were measured. The subsequent repopulation of the surviving cells was modeled with the assumption that the repopulation kinetics were similar to those in unirradiated cells. The radiation is expected to delay the time to restenosis by factors of ’6 to 8, depending on the dose, shifting the delay from a median of 6 months (for no irradiation) to median values from 36 months (for a nominal 13 Gy) to 43 months (for a nominal 15 Gy). Conclusions—These results and predictions are quantitatively consistent with clinical results and suggest that clonogenic inactivation (prevention of cellular division) is the dominant mechanism of radiation action in the delay of restenosis. Intracoronary radiotherapy is a very promising modality for significantly delaying, although probably not preventing, in-stent restenosis. (Circulation. 2001;103:1330-1332.)
A Subwavelength Extraordinary-Optical-Transmission Channel in Babinet Metamaterials

W.-C. Chen , N. I. Landy , K. Kempa , and W. J. Padilla * IO N The study of light coupling to small apertures in metallic fi lms has a long and illustrious history. In 1897 Lord Rayleigh treated the problem by using the concept of effective dipoles. Most recently, researchers have made these apertures periodic, where they exhibited so-called extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) – transmission effi ciencies far in excess of unity at wavelengths greater than the lattice parameter of the surface. This behavior is not predicted by standard aperture theory as developed by Bethe in 1944, [ 1 ] nor was it noticed before fabricational and measurement techniques had advanced to the point that EOT could be observed at optical wavelengths. However, in 1998 Ebbesen et al. [ 2 ] showed EOT in the near-infrared and posited that this stemmed from plasmon coupling between surfaces. Since then, EOT [ 2–5 ] has been studied with increasing detail in both theoretical and experimental capacities. This result led to a fl urry of intense theoretical and experimental research to probe the nature of this extraordinary optical transmission. Babinet metamaterials [ 6–8 ] may also be described as periodic apertures in metal fi lms. Metamaterials are structured periodic metallic patterns which enable the construction of materials with specifi ed electromagnetic properties, some of which cannot be obtained via naturally occurring materials. [ 9,10 ] Metamaterials exhibit electromagnetic resonances where the resonant wavelength is signifi cantly larger than the physical dimensions of the individual elements. Thus metamaterials are subwavelength media and well described by the optical constants e and μ . [ 11 ] In transmission metamaterials (scatterers) yield an absorptive like minimum feature at resonance, but are otherwise highly transmissive outside of this band. In contrast Babinet metamaterials (apertures)—made by taking the ‘inverse’ metamaterial structure—yield opposite behavior and exhibit a transmission maxima near resonance. [ 12,13 ]
Concerted Transcriptional Regulation by BRCA1 and COBRA1 in Breast Cancer Cells

Cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1) was first identified as a protein that binds to the breast cancer susceptibility gene product BRCA1. COBRA1 modulates estrogen-dependent and independent transcription and suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells. Its expression is significantly reduced in metastatic and recurrent breast cancer, pointing to a tumor suppressor function in breast cancer development. In light of these initial implications of COBRA1 in human breast cancer, the current investigation sought to obtain more direct functional evidence that links COBRA1 with BRCA1 in transcriptional regulation in breast cancer cells. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated gene knockdown and gene expression microarray were used to study the impact of COBRA1 and BRCA1 on global transcription in the same breast cancer cell background. The gene expression profiling study in tissue culture cells uncovers a significant overlap of COBRA1- and BRCA1-regulated genes, many of which have been previously implicated in breast cancer progression. The data shown herein support the notion that COBRA1 and BRCA1 may engage in common gene regulatory pathways to suppress breast cancer progression.
Disease mapping and spatial regression with count data.

SUMMARY In this paper, we provide critical reviews of methods suggested for the analysis of aggregate count data in the context of disease mapping and spatial regression. We introduce a new method for picking prior distributions, and propose a number of refinements of previously used models. We also consider ecological bias, mutual standardization, and choice of both spatial model and prior specification. We analyze male lip cancer incidence data collected in Scotland over the period 1975–1980, and outline a number of problems with previous analyses of these data. In disease mapping studies, hierarchical models can provide robust estimation of area-level risk parameters, though care is required in the choice of covariate model, and it is important to assess the sensitivity of estimates to the spatial model chosen, and to the prior specifications on the variance parameters. Spatial ecological regression is a far more hazardous enterprise for two reasons. First, there is always the possibility of ecological bias, and this can only be alleviated by the inclusion of individual-level data. For the Scottish data, we show that the previously used mean model has limited interpretation from an individual perspective. Second, when residual spatial dependence is modeled, and if the exposure has spatial structure, then estimates of exposure association parameters will change when compared with those obtained from the independence across space model, and the data alone cannot choose the form and extent of spatial correlation that is appropriate.
A Mixed-Mode Crack-Growth and Fracture Model for Field-Assisted Ion-Exchanged Glass

It is suggested that shear forces from the compression layer during field-assisted ion exchange of glass cause stable growth of preexisting flaws when the advancing ion-exchanged layer approaches the flaw tip. A quantitative model is presented which explains most of the previously puzzling experimental results, even though it ignores the change in crack direction required if the maximum tensile stress criterion is appropriate for fracture.
On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models

An integrated econometric view of maximum likelihood methods and more traditional two-pass approaches to estimating beta-pricing models is presented. Several aspects of the well-known errors-in-variables problem are considered, and an earlier conjecture concerning the merits of simultaneous estimation of beta and price of risk parameters is evaluated. The traditional inference procedure is found, under standard assumptions, to overstate the precision of price of risk estimates and an asymptotically valid correction is derived. Modifications to accommodate serial correlation in market-wide factors are also discussed. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
The development of the pattern of retinal ganglion cells in the chick retina: mechanisms that control differentiation

Neurons in both vertebrate and invertebrate eyes are organized in regular arrays. Although much is known about the mechanisms involved in the formation of the regular arrays of neurons found in invertebrate eyes, much less is known about the mechanisms of formation of neuronal mosaics in the vertebrate eye. The purpose of these studies was to determine the cellular mechanisms that pattern the first neurons in vertebrate retina, the retinal ganglion cells. We have found that the ganglion cells in the chick retina develop as a patterned array that spreads from the central to peripheral retina as a wave front of differentiation. The onset of ganglion cell differentiation keeps pace with overall retinal growth; however, there is no clear cell cycle synchronization at the front of differentiation of the first ganglion cells. The differentiation of ganglion cells is not dependent on signals from previously formed ganglion cells, since isolation of the peripheral retina by as much as 400 microm from the front of ganglion cell differentiation does not prevent new ganglion cells from developing. Consistent with previous studies, blocking FGF receptor activation with a specific inhibitor to the FGFRs retards the movement of the front of ganglion cell differentiation, while application of exogenous FGF1 causes the precocious development of ganglion cells in peripheral retina. Our observations, taken together with those of previous studies, support a role for FGFs and FGF receptor activation in the initial development of retinal ganglion cells from the undifferentiated neuroepithelium peripheral to the expanding wave front of differentiation.
Vacuum decay in theories with symmetry breaking by radiative corrections.

The standard bounce formalism for calculating the decay rate of a metastable vacuum cannot be applied to theories in which the symmetry breaking is due to radiative corrections, because in such theories the tree-level action has no bounce solutions. In this paper I derive a modified formalism to deal with such cases. As in the usual case, the bubble nucleation rate may be written in the form $A{e}^{\ensuremath{-}B}$. To leading approximation, $B$ is the bounce action obtained by replacing the tree-level potential by the leading one-loop approximation to the effective potential, in agreement with the generally adopted ad hoc remedy. The next correction to $B$ (which is proportional to an inverse power of a small coupling) is given in terms of the next-to-leading term in the effective potential and the leading correction to the two-derivative term in the effective action. The corrections beyond these (which may be included in the prefactor) do not have simple expressions in terms of the effective potential and the other functions in the effective action. In particular, the scalar-loop terms which give an imaginary part to the effective potential do not explicitly appear; the corresponding effects are included in a functional determinant which gives a manifestly real result for the nucleation rate.
Class I HDAC imaging using [3H]CI-994 autoradiography

[ (3)H]CI-994, a radioactive isotopologue of the benzamide CI-994, a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), was evaluated as an autoradiography probe for ex vivo labeling and localizing of class I HDAC (isoforms 1-3) in the rodent brain. After protocol optimization, up to 80% of total binding was attributed to specific binding. Notably, like other benzamide HDACi, [ (3)H]CI-994 exhibits slow binding kinetics when measured in vitro with isolated enzymes and ex vivo when used for autoradiographic mapping of HDAC1-3 density. The regional distribution and density of HDAC1-3 was determined through a series of saturation and kinetics experiments. The binding properties of [ (3)H]CI-994 to HDAC1-3 were characterized and the data were used to determine the regional Bmax of the target proteins. Kd values, determined from slice autoradiography, were between 9.17 and 15.6 nM. The HDAC1-3 density (Bmax), averaged over whole brain sections, was of 12.9 picomol · mg(-1) protein. The highest HDAC1-3 density was found in the cerebellum, followed by hippocampus and cortex. Moderate to low receptor density was found in striatum, hypothalamus and thalamus. These data were correlated with semi-quantitative measures of each HDAC isoform using western blot analysis and it was determined that autoradiographic images most likely represent the sum of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 protein density. In competition experiments, [ (3)H]CI-994 binding can be dose-dependently blocked with other HDAC inhibitors, including suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). In summary, we have developed the first known autoradiography tool for imaging class I HDAC enzymes. Although validated in the CNS, [ (3)H]CI-994 will be applicable and beneficial to other target tissues and can be used to evaluate HDAC inhibition in tissues for novel therapies being developed. [ (3)H]CI-994 is now an enabling imaging tool to study the relationship between diseases and epigenetic regulation.
Determination of absolute transition probabilities in neutral cerium from branching ratio and lifetime measurements

We have used the 1-m Fourier-transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona, to record the emission spectrum of 140Ce from an electrodeless discharge lamp in the 4000–27 600-cm−1 range. Branching ratios are determined from the intensity data for transitions originating from common upper levels. These measurements are combined with lifetimes determined by a delayed photoionization technique to yield transition probabilities or gA values for 30 transitions. A plot of the logarithm of intensity divided by gA versus upper energy was constructed; the excitation temperature of the source was determined from this plot. Also from this plot, absolute gA values were derived for 228 of the most intense observed lines of Ce i between 10 706 and 22184 cm−1. To our knowledge, the gA values obtained here are the first reported for neutral cerium.
Analysis of Charge Transport and Recombination Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells With Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Treatment on TiO 2 Surface

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is limited by the back-reaction of photogenerated electrons from the porous titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles back into the electrolyte solution, which occurs almost exclusively through the interface. This and the fact that DSSCs have a very large interfacial area makes their performance greatly dependant on the density and activity of TiO2 surface states. Thus, effectively engineering the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface to reduce carrier losses is critically important for improving the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which uses high purity gas precursors that can rapidly diffuse through the porous network, was used to grow a conformal and controllable aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) ultra thin layer on the TiO2 surface. The effects of this interfacial treatment on the DSSC performance was studied with dark and illuminated current-voltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.
High-temperature electronics - a role for wide bandgap semiconductors?

The fact that wide bandgap semiconductors are capable of electronic functionality at much higher temperatures than silicon has partially fueled their development, particularly in the case of SiC. It appears unlikely that wide bandgap semiconductor devices will find much use in low-power transistor applications until the ambient temperature exceeds approximately 300/spl deg/C, as commercially available silicon and silicon-on-insulator technologies are already satisfying requirements for digital and analog VLSI in this temperature range. However practical operation of silicon power devices at ambient temperatures above 200/spl deg/C appears problematic, as self-heating at higher power levels results in high internal junction temperatures and leakages. Thus, most electronic subsystems that simultaneously require high-temperature and high-power operation will necessarily be realized using wide bandgap devices, once they become widely available. Technological challenges impeding the realization of beneficial wide bandgap high ambient temperature electronics, including material growth, contacts, and packaging, are briefly discussed.
Spatial autocorrelation in biology: 2. Some biological implications and four applications of evolutionary and ecological interest

Spatial autocorrelation analysis tests whether the observed value of a variable at one locality is significantly dependent on values of the variable at neighbouring localities. The method was extended by us in an earlier paper to include the computation of correlograms for spatial autocorrelation. These show the autocorrelation coefficient as a function of distance between pairs of localities, and summarize the patterns of geographic variation exhibited by the response surface of any given variable. Identical variation patterns lead to identical correlograms, but different patterns may or may not yield different correlograms. Similarity in the correlograms of different variation patterns suggests similarity in the generating mechanism of the pattern. The inferences that can be drawn from correlograms are discussed and illustrated. Examination and analysis of variation patterns of several characters or gene frequencies for one population, or of several populations in different places or at different times, permit some conclusions about the nature of the populational processes generating the observed patterns. Autocorrelation analysis is applied to four biological situations differing in the nature of the data (interval or nominal), in the type of grid connecting the localities (regular or irregular), and the field of application (evolution or ecology). The examples comprise genotypes of individual mice, blood group frequencies in humans, gene frequency variation in a perennial herb, and the distribution of species of trees. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Effective extraction of titanium from rutile by a low-temperature chloride process

The carbochlorination of rutile is carried out at high temperatures (800–1,500°C) in the commercial chloride processes of the pigment industry. Chlorination at high temperatures results in high energy consumption, rapid corrosion of the equipment, pipeline and control system, and agglomeration of solid reactants in the reactor. In a typical chloride process, rutile is used as a primary reactant, Cl2 as a chlorinating agent, and carbon as a reductant. The thermodynamic equilibrium simulation of the reaction system shows that a complete conversion of rutile is feasible at a temperature as low as 200°C. Kinetic and diffusion barriers, however, make the reaction practically impossible at low temperatures. In the study, these barriers were removed by intensifying the rutile-carbon solid–solid contact. In the low-temperature chloride process developed, reaction temperatures are reduced to 350–450°C. The conversion rate of the rutile at 385°C is 30% higher than that at 1,000°C. A fluidized-bed reactor was used for the chlorination process. It was concluded that the formation of an activated TiO2CCl complex on the TiO2/C interface accounts for the gas–solid–solid reaction mechanism.
Evolutionary Analysis and Classification of OATs, OCTs, OCTNs, and Other SLC22 Transporters: Structure-Function Implications and Analysis of Sequence Motifs.

The SLC22 family includes organic anion transporters (OATs), organic cation transporters (OCTs) and organic carnitine and zwitterion transporters (OCTNs). These are often referred to as drug transporters even though they interact with many endogenous metabolites and signaling molecules (Nigam, S.K., Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 14:29–44, 2015). Phylogenetic analysis of SLC22 supports the view that these transporters may have evolved over 450 million years ago. Many OAT members were found to appear after a major expansion of the SLC22 family in mammals, suggesting a physiological and/or toxicological role during the mammalian radiation. Putative SLC22 orthologs exist in worms, sea urchins, flies, and ciona. At least six groups of SLC22 exist. OATs and OCTs form two Major clades of SLC22, within which (apart from Oat and Oct subclades), there are also clear Oat-like, Octn, and Oct-related subclades, as well as a distantly related group we term “Oat-related” (which may have different functions). Based on available data, it is arguable whether SLC22A18, which is related to bacterial drug-proton antiporters, should be assigned to SLC22. Disease-causing mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other functionally analyzed mutations in OAT1, OAT3, URAT1, OCT1, OCT2, OCTN1, and OCTN2 map to the first extracellular domain, the large central intracellular domain, and transmembrane domains 9 and 10. These regions are highly conserved within subclades, but not between subclades, and may be necessary for SLC22 transporter function and functional diversification. Our results not only link function to evolutionarily conserved motifs but indicate the need for a revised sub-classification of SLC22.
Pintar la nación indígena como una estrategia modernista en la obra de Eduardo Kingman

Este estudio centra su analisis en la obra pictorica de Eduardo Kingman como un modelo para describir los enfoques, tendencias e ideologia que caracterizaron al Indigenismo. Esta corriente artistica reunio a pintores, escritores e intelectuales ecuatorianos durante la decada de 1930. El articulo propone que esta corriente surgio como una reaccion al academicismo predominante en los salones y escuelas de arte. El estudio hace una revision de las exposiciones, bienales y concursos en los que Kingman participo.Analiza las influencias artisticas y literarias reflejadas en la obra de este autor,sus relaciones con el Grupo de Guayaquil y su vinculacion al Sindicato de Escritores y Artistas del Ecuador (SEA). Finalmente, recoge la opinion y reaccion a su produccion pictorica por parte de escritores, intelectuales y prensa en general.
Reinforcement Learning for Closed-Loop Propofol Anesthesia: A Human Volunteer Study

Research has demonstrated the efficacy of closed-loop control of anesthesia using the bispectral index (BIS) of the electroencephalogram as the controlled variable, and the development of model-based, patient-adaptive systems has considerably improved anesthetic control. To further explore the use of model-based control in anesthesia, we investigated the application of reinforcement learning (RL) in the delivery of patient-specific, propofol-induced hypnosis in human volunteers. When compared to published performance metrics, RL control demonstrated accuracy and stability, indicating that further, more rigorous clinical study is warranted.
Fault Plane Solutions and the State of Stress in New England

An analysis of eighteen New England fault plane solutions indicates that the area can be largely characterized by reverse faulting on north to northeasterly striking fault planes. This implies that New England is predominantly influenced by an east-west to southeast-northwest compressional stress field. This generalization may not apply in certain areas of southern New England.
Mind-body approaches and chronic illness: Status of research

An increasing number of children experience chronic health issues that affect their academic and behavioral functioning, as well as psychological well-being. At the same time, psychological stress can exacerbate the chronic illness. The first line of treatment most often is medical (e.g., pharmacology, surgery, radiation). Even when the medical approach addresses the physical issues adequately, there may be residual effects on functioning. To better address overall well-being, as well as to potentially decrease reliance on medication, one approach has been to use mind-body or mindfulness interventions. Overall, results from existing studies suggest that mindfulness interventions may be beneficial for reducing symptoms and associated problems through relaxation for many chronic illnesses, including epilepsy, fibromyalgia, headaches or migraines, cancer, and asthma. While the research is promising, there is a need for additional, more controlled studies that integrate mind-body approaches with traditional m...
User Modeling of Skills and Expertise from Resumes

Job applicants describe their skills and expertise in resumes and curriculum vitaes (CVs). These biographic data are often evaluated by human resource personnel or a search committee. This manual approach works well when the number of resumes is small. However, in this information age, the volume of available resumes can be overwhelming and there is a need for automatic evaluation of applicant skills and expertise. In this paper, we describe a user modeling algorithm to quantitatively identify skills and expertise from biographic data. This algorithm is called REMA (Resume Expertise Modeling Algorithm). REMA takes data from a resume document as input and produces an expertise model. The expertise model details the expertise topics for which the resume owner has claimed competency. Each topic carries a weight indicating the level of competency. There are two key insights for this algorithm. First, oneâs expertise is the cumulative result of the various âlearning eventsâ in oneâs career. These learning events are mentioned in various sections of the resume, such as earning a degree, writing a paper, or getting a patent. Second, oneâs knowledge and skills can become outdated or forgotten over time if not reinforced by learning. We have developed a prototype resume evaluation system based on REMA and are in the process of evaluating REMAâs performance.
Effect of Shallow Flaws and Biaxial Loading on Transition Temperatures Using a Weibull Stress Model

The aim of the VOCALIST analytical work of the European Commission Project VOCALIST [1] is to analyze the different constraint conditions of tested specimens and to develop a method to describe and predict the constraint dependent shift of the transition temperature T0 for the analyzed specimens. This document describes the analytical work performed within VOCALIST for the biaxial loaded cruciform bend specimens at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) USA and FRAMATOME-ANP (FANP) Germany.
Persistent Covalency and Planarity in the BnAl6–n2– and LiBnAl6–n– (n = 0–6) Cluster Ions

The chemical bonding being covalent, metallic, or mixed reflects in the structure and properties of solids. How does this play out on the small cluster scale? We report on the interplay between covalent and strongly delocalized bonding in the series of mixed boron–aluminum cluster ions, BnAl6–n2– (n = 0–6), and their lithium salts and show that covalent bonding is an extraordinarily resilient effect that governs the cluster shape more than the delocalized bonding does. The covalent bonding achieved only through the direct B–B interactions is persistent in the considered clusters down to the smallest concentrations of B atoms. As a result, clusters remain planar, and the quality of the delocalized bonding is unavoidably compromised. We explain this trend on the basis of the s–p hybridization of atomic orbitals affordable in the B versus Al atoms. The found effect may be general and not specific to the considered systems.
Operative Selection of Patients with Arteriovenous Malformations

Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain is intended to eliminate the continued risk of intracranial hemorrhage and neurologic deterioration. The decision of whether to recommend surgery should rest on an objective comparison of the long-term risks presented by the untreated AVM with the more immediate risk of operative treatment. To facilitate the surgical decision making process, we have developed a grading system for AVMs that estimates the risk of resection.
Mosquito Sensory Systems

Abstract In this chapter, we will highlight recent progress in describing the current state of our understanding of the diverse array of sensory pathways across the family Culicidae. These will include both contact (gustatory) and volatile (olfactory)-based chemosensory systems as well as auditory, mechanosensory, thermosensory and visual modalities. We will discuss both the cellular and the molecular basis underlying these senses as well as how they control the lifecycle, behaviour and vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. We will discuss the impact of recent data derived from next-generation sequencing to our understanding of the evolution and function of these diverse sensory systems.
Effect of mutual coupling on direction-of-arrival estimation using sparse dipole arrays

The effect of mutual coupling on the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using sparse arrays of dipole antennas is investigated. The open circuit method is used to model the mutual coupling. DOA estimation performance in the presence of mutual coupling is compared and contrasted for different array configurations, namely, uniform linear arrays, minimum redundancy arrays, nested arrays, and co-prime arrays.
Ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility of camelina meal and carinata meal compared with other protein sources

ABSTRACT Production of reneweable feedstocks for biodiesel have drawn attention to alternative oilseed crops. Our objective was to determine DM and CP ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of camelina meal (CAM) and carinata meal (CAR), compared with canola meal (CAN), linseed meal (LIN), soybean meal (SBM), and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as controls. In situ degradability measurements were done using 3 multiparous, mid-late lactation ruminally cannulated Holstein cows. Sample bags were ruminally incubated in duplicate for each cow and feedstuff for 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h and in triplicate for 24 and 48 h. Eight bags of each feed were incubated at 12 h for use of the residues in determination of in vitro intestinal digestibility. Ruminal particulate passage rate averaged 6.0%/h. Rate of DM degradation was greatest (P 0.05) for LIN, CAM, and CAR, which was greater (P 0.05) for CAM and CAR compared with SBM and LIN. Results indicate that CAM and CAR are highly degradable and comparable to SBM and LIN for protein utilization.
Phonons in Si 24 at simultaneously elevated temperature and pressure

Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the frequencies of phonons in Si_(24) with an open clathrate structure at temperatures from 80 to 400 K with simultaneous pressures of 0 to 8 GPa. The frequency shifts of the different phonons were substantially different under either temperature or pressure. The quasiharmonic behavior was isolated by varying pressure at low temperatures, and the anharmonic behavior was isolated by varying temperature at low pressures. Phonon modes dominated by bond bending were anomalous, showing stiffening with temperature and softening with pressure. Both the quasiharmonic behavior and the anharmonic behavior changed markedly with simultaneous changes in temperature ΔT and pressure ΔP. With ΔT = 320 K and ΔP = 8 GPa, some frequency shifts that scaled with the product ΔT ΔP were as large as the shifts from ΔT and ΔP alone. The thermodynamic entropy of this material likely has a dependence on ΔT and ΔP that cannot be obtained by adding effects from quasiharmonicity and phonon-phonon anharmonicity.
Ultrasound modulation of the electromechanical function of human stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes

In the United States alone more than 300,000 people die suddenly every year with the cause of death being cardiac arrhythmia. The two most popular methods for cardiac function modification are electrical and chemical. It is our hypothesis that though the use of low intensity non-ablative ultrasound, we can modify cardiomyocite (CM) action in the form of activation or suppression of ion transport. Further for dyssynchronous beating we can reactivate synchrony and achieve pacing of CMs.
Everything flows…unevenly: social stratification in coupled socio-ecological systems

Socio-hydrology has quickly emerged as a potentially transformative interdisciplinary science for understanding barriers and opportunities to enhance sustainability in coupled human-water systems. Unequal, pre-existing social structures are an important feature of human-water system that shape the flow of water. Yet, the socio-hydrology has not yet fully attended to the issues of social stratification, inequality, and power. This paper reviews advances in the field of environmental sociology on the relationship between social inequality and the natural environment. The goal is to open up questions about social inequalities that would further enhance socio-hydrological science.
Yoruba Cosmology and Culture in Brazil: A Study of African Survivals in the New World.

Considerable controversy has arisen over the extent to which the thought and actions of Blacks in the New World constitute persistence of African traits. A goodly number of scholars formerly contended that nothing existed in Africa that approached civilization and that there was, therefore, nothing for the Africans to bring with them. As evidence to the contrary began to pile up, that position was no longer tenable. Sociologists like E. B. Reuter and Robert E. Park have failed to see anything in Black American life today which can be traced to the African background; while historians and anthropologists like Carter G. Woodson and Melville J. Herskovits have insisted that the African culture heritage can still be seen in many aspects of American life today (Franklin, 1967: 39-42). Although the controversy con-
Computer-Aided Finite Element Analysis: Interfacing Symbolic and Numerical Computational Techniques

The design and implementation of a software system for generating finite elements and related computations are described. Exact symbolic computational techniques are employed to derive strain-displacement matrices and element stiffness matrices. Methods for dealing with the excessive growth of symbolic expressions are discussed. Automatic FORTRAN code generation is described with emphasis on improving the efficiency of the resultant code. The generated code is used in conjunction with a FORTRAN-based finite element analysis package.
Hemispherectomy in the Treatment of Neuronal Migrational Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the role of hemispherectomy in the treatment of neuronal migrational disorders (NMD). The term hemispherectomy is not only for surgeries in which one hemisphere is totally or partially removed, but also used for procedures like hemidecortication or for functional disconnecting techniques like functional hemispherectomy or hemispherotomy. Discussions on risks must differentiate between the risk of perioperative morbidity and perioperative mortality and the risk of late complications. Hemispherectomy is the procedure in epilepsy surgery with the highest rate of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The risk of perioperative deaths is highest in the very young age group, such as in infants below the age of 6 months. Early hydrocephalus seems to occur more often in children with NMDs than with other etiologies. In terms of perioperative morbidity, the hemispherotomy technique may have some advantages over the technique of functional hemispherectomy. It is shown that children with dysplasias have the least favorable prognosis in terms of postoperative seizure-freedom. It is emphasized that the vast majority of patients with NMDs who do not become completely seizure-free after hemispherectomy nevertheless benefit substantially from surgery because of dramatic seizure reduction.
A distributed approach to model-predictive control of radiant comfort delivery systems in office spaces with localized thermal environments

Abstract This paper introduces a new multi-agent system approach to optimal control of high performance buildings and presents algorithms for both distributed system identification and distributed model predictive control (DMPC). For the system identification, each thermal zone is divided into sub-systems, and a parameter set for each sub-system is first estimated individually, and then integrated into an inverse model for the whole thermal zone using the dual decomposition algorithm. For the DMPC, a distributed optimization algorithm inspired by the Proximal Jacobian Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (PJ-ADMM) is deployed and multiple MPCs run iteratively while exchanging control input information until they converge. The developed algorithms are tested using field data from an occupied open-plan office space with a radiant floor system with distributed sensing, control, and data communication capabilities for localized comfort delivery. With this tractable approach, agents solve individual optimization problems in parallel, through information exchange and broadcasting, with a smaller scale of the input and constraints, facilitating optimal solutions with improved efficiency that are scalable to different building applications. Using a data-driven model and weather forecast, the DMPC controller is implemented to optimize the operation of an air-cooled chiller while providing different operative temperature bounds for each radiant floor loop. The radiant comfort delivery system with predictive control is capable of providing localized thermal environments while achieving significant energy savings. For the system and climate under consideration, results from the building operation during the cooling season, show 27% reduction in electricity consumption compared to baseline feedback control.
The myth of autoimmunity.

Abstract Within the more than one hundred disease entities for which autoimmunity causation have been alleged, two subgroups can be identified. The first group is characterized by ability of disruption of the effector arm of the immune response to temporarily reverse the signs and symptoms of disease. The second group is characterized by the presence of antibodies directed against the target organ’s cellular or subcellular components. As long as therapeutic palliation of the signs and symptoms of disease can be achieved, attributing causation to autoimmunity has tended to arrest therapeutics focus on attaining cure. Data relevant to a prime disease entity within each of the two allegedly autoimmune disease, Crohn’s disease and Type 1 diabetes mellitus, refute the claim of autoimmunity. In particular, the events that combine to produce Crohn’s disease have identified a mechanism by which a dysfunctional immune-mediated response against a specific set of antigens/agent can produces disease. Identification of this mechanism opens to rethinking the pathogenesis of other classic autoimmune diseases within that 5 subgroup.
2.9TOPS/W Reconfigurable Dense/Sparse Matrix-Multiply Accelerator with Unified INT8/INTI6/FP16 Datapath in 14NM Tri-Gate CMOS

A 4×4 node systolic matrix-multiply accelerator with unified INT8/INTI6/FPI6 datapath and wide INT24/INT48/FP32 accumulators is fabricated in 14nm CMOS. Handshake-based routing circuits with multiple-node broadcast enable 8.8× higher energy-efficiency with 20% nonzero sparse matrices. INT8 mode reconfigures each node from lxl to 2×2 matrix multiplier for 2.9TOPS/W energy efficiency at 750mV, and up to 11.3TOPS/W at 280mV (near-threshold).
Effect of climate change on the annual energy consumption of a single family house in British Columbia

The Earth is already experiencing some of the effects of climate change, such as rising temperature, more frequent storms, increased precipitation, etc. This paper investigates the effect of climate change on the energy consumption of a single-family house with different energy efficiency levels, i.e. bylaw to meet current National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB), and passive house (PH) to meet the PH requirements under four climate zones in British Columbia, Canada. SRES A2, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios are used to generate future climate for 2020, 2050, and 2080. The simulation results show that for both bylaw and PH cases, heating energy consumption will be reduced while cooling energy consumption will be increased, as a result for bylaw case, the energy consumption will be decreased for four climate zones, while for PH case, the energy consumption will be increased for zone 4 & 5 and decreased for zone 6 & 7. In climate zone 5, the building fails to meet the PH requirements during 2050. Therefore, buildings designed based on historical weather data will perform differently under the changing future climates, thus the efforts should be made to design buildings that are adaptable to climate change.
‘Something After’?: Hamlet and Dread

This chapter argues that dread, as it was featured in early modern usage, is an affective touchstone in Hamlet—and that the features of the emotion, as it is understood in a variety of intellectual traditions, can shed light on the play’s dramaturgical structure. The ambiguous nature of dread, I suggest, reflects the central dramatic conflict of Hamlet, in which both the titular character and Claudius are locked in an affective struggle, each fearing and inspiring fear in the other. Drawing on understandings of dread from both the existentialist philosophical tradition and the modern psychological school of Terror Management Theory, this essay maps the career of dread in Hamlet, suggesting how the emotion functions complementarily as a thematic and a structural element.
Status characteristics and their intersectionality: majority opinion assignment in state supreme courts

We test whether justices’ traits – race, gender, age, previous judicial experience, education, and tenure – are associated with opinion assignment patterns as suggested by status characteristics th...
Triple combination immunotherapy with GVAX, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, and agonist anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody is highly effective against murine intracranial glioma

ABSTRACTSingle-agent immunotherapy, including with immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibody, has not extended survival in patients with malignant glioma. However, PD-1 inhibition may st...
Evaluating Subchapter S in a 'Check-in-The-Box' World

In 1997, the Treasury Department simplified business entity classification for tax purposes by finalizing “check-the-box” regulations. These regulations permit most unincorporated business entities to elect, by in effect “checking a box” on an election form, to be treated as either partnerships or corporations for federal income tax purposes. Although the check-the-box regulations have been applauded, they raise an important question: What impact will the regulations have on subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code? This article argues on both practical and theoretical grounds that subchapter S has continuing utility in a check-the-box environment. The article provides a brief overview of subchapter S’s origins. It describes recent events having a dramatic impact on subchapter S, namely the prolif eration of LLCs, finalization of check-the-box regulations, and recent state legislative responses to elective classification. It illustrates the more subtle phenomenon of how efforts to reinvigorate subchapter S have caused subchapter S to more closely resemble subchapter K, thus calling into question the need for two similar pass-through regimes. The article provides several practical reasons why S corporations continue to be the preferred choice of pass-through entity for many businesses. It argues that the convergence of LLCs, federal check-the-box regulations, and state legislative response to elective classification has led to an irrational result - a new corporate-like entity taxed as a partnership. The article describes the proper role of subchapter S in the present world of multiple entity choices, a world in which distinctions among business forms are becoming obscured. The article suggests that a liberalized version of subchapter S would be the appropriate pass-through model if states consolidate existing business forms and create a uniform non-public business association statute, muck like the LLC form that is emerging after state legislative response to check-the-box classification. Subchapter S would have more theoretical merit than would partnership taxation due to the inherent state law characteristics such a business entity would possess and the relative simplicity of subchapter S.
Multivariate Data Analysis: Its Approach, Evolution, and Impact

The present chapter provides a brief chronology of the best known and most widely cited of the many “Hair et al.” references, Multivariate Data Analysis. Along with providing a description of each edition of the book, brief citation analyses allow the chapter to convey the scale of impact resulting from the book. The near countless citations place Multivariate Data Analysis among the truly elite scholarly reference books across a myriad of disciplines, languages, countries, and years. In fact, an increasing trend in the number of citations suggests a long life ahead for this approachable statistics book that has helped so many in the past.
Making Archives in Early Modern Europe: Proof, Information, and Political Record-Keeping, 1400–1700

European states were overwhelmed with information around 1500. Their agents sought to organize their overflowing archives to provide trustworthy evidence and comprehensive knowledge that was useful in the everyday exercise of power. This detailed comparative study explores cases from Lisbon to Vienna to Berlin in order to understand how changing information technologies and ambitious programs of state-building challenged record-keepers to find new ways to organize and access the information in their archives. From the intriguing details of how clerks invented new ways to index and catalog the expanding world to the evolution of new perspectives on knowledge and power among philologists and historians, this book provides illuminating vignettes and revealing comparisons about a core technology of governance in early modern Europe. Enhanced by perspectives from the history of knowledge and from archival science, this wide-ranging study explores the potential and the limitations of knowledge management as media technologies evolved.