cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dextrose administration exacerbates acute renal ischemic damage in anesthetized dogs.

• To determine if moderate hyperglycemia produced by dextrose administration was detrimental in normothermic renal ischemia, 15 halothane-anesthetized mongrel dogs underwent right nephrectomy and 60 minutes of left renal artery and vein occlusion. Six dogs received 1 L of lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and six others received 1 L of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution (D5LR). Three sham-operated dogs received 1 L of D5LR and underwent right nephrectomy but no occlusions. All dogs received 500 mL of fluid before occlusion and 500 mL after occlusion. The blood glucose concentration for the LR group was 7.6 mmol/L (137 mg/dL) after 500 mL and 7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) after 1000 mL. In the D5LR group, the blood glucose concentration was 21.5 mmol/L (387 mg/dL) after 500 mL and 20.2 mmol/L (363 mg/dL) after 1000 mL. In the sham-operated group, the blood glucose concentration was 22.8 mmol/L (410 mg/dL) after 500 mL and 20.7 mmol/L (373 mg/dL) after 1000 mL. At 30 hours, the plasma creatinine concentration rose from 70 to 300 μmol/L (0.8 to 3.4 mg/dL) in the LR group and from 90 to 500 μmol/L (1.0 to 5.8 mg/dL) in the D5LR group; the increase for the D5LR group was significantly greater than that for the LR group. In the sham-operated group, the plasma creatinine concentration was stable throughout the 30-hour period. This study demonstrates a significant detrimental effect of dextrose administration on renal function during normothermic ischemia. ( Arch Surg 1987;122:790-794)
Fasting and acquired capability for suicide: A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide in an undergraduate sample

Though some preliminary research within the framework of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS; Joiner, 2005) has postulated that restrictive eating may contribute to increased risk for suicide through its effect on the acquired capability for suicide (ACS; i.e., increased fearlessness about death and heightened physical pain tolerance), existing studies have not conducted direct tests of this relationship. To enhance understanding of this relationship, we compared undergraduates who endorsed one form of restrictive eating, fasting, (n=99) to controls endorsing no forms of eating pathology over the lifetime (n=94). We hypothesized that the fasting group would have higher ACS and higher likelihood of suicide attempt history. Contrary to hypotheses, no differences emerged between groups on ACS, and frequency of fasting within the fasting group was not significantly associated with ACS. Consistent with hypotheses, the fasting group was more likely to have suicide attempt history. Though results were not entirely consistent with hypotheses, the current study represents the first attempt at isolating and examining one form of restrictive eating (i.e., fasting) within the context of the IPTS. RESULTS suggest that, in isolation, fasting may not be directly contributing to increases in ACS. Language: en
Development of individual differences of cardiovascular regulation in the Bailey recombinant inbred mice.

Previous research has demonstrated that the cardiovascular system (CVS) is not completely developed in the rat until 20 days of age. Prior to this age the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is dominant during resting conditions and the stress response is vagally mediated, which is the opposite of most adult rats. In the present research, using the Bailey recombinant inbred strains and their progenitor strains (C57BL/6 By and BALB/cBy), we determined the developmental period for the CVS in mice. The CVS was controlled by a high SNS tone and the stress response was vagally mediated at 8 days of age. By 12 days of age, the mice had much slower baseline heart rates which were vagally controlled. Significant strain differences were also found with a polygenic model accounting for these differences. The stress response of the 12-day-old mice was not interpretable because of individual differences in the adult coping strategies. These differences were accounted for by a different polygenic model than was found in the baseline condition.
Self psychology as an avenue to pre-oedipal experiences

Currently much attention is being devoted to narcissism and self psychology. The work of Kohut and his followers has allowed periously maligned aspects of personality such as narcissism to be viewed as part of the normal developmental process of achieving self. Self psychology has gained the attention of psychotherapists previously not enamored with classical psychoanalysis. The author views self psychology as a new twist in a highly viable tradition that has opened the doors to psychotherapeutic intervention in some of the more difficult aspects of personality development. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate the interplay of psychosexual development and the development of self, the application of self psychology to the treatment of psychosomatic disorders, and the similarity of narcissistic and co-dependent issues. The vignettes reflect difficulties not only seen in those often referred to as mentally ill, but also in, those characterized as the “worried well”. Dyer warns that not responding to the suffering of the “worried-well” may be one of the great unmet health needs of our time.
The role of narrative in understanding digital video: An exploratory analysis

Narrative is perhaps the oldest and most widely used form for organizing information and human experience, thus, it is not surprising that there is a significant body of research concerning narrative and its importance to comprehension and understanding. One important outcome of this research is the concept of narrative intelligence, the human tendency to fit experience into narrative form. This research is extremely relevant to information seeking in general and sense-making1 in particular. This paper outlines the basic principles and research supporting the concept of narrative intelligence and its applicability to the ways in which people make sense of digital video. We explore relevant theory and research in sense-making, surrogates, narrative, and narrative intelligence and then present the preliminary results of two research studies. The first clarifies and operationalizes the concept of narrative as it relates to video. The second demonstrates how narrativity can have significant effects on information seeking and sense-making in digital video. Results from these studies have implications for how syntactic form can be used as a means of indexing digital video.
Nonequiatomic NiTi Alloy Produced by Self Propagating High Temperature Synthesis

Shape memory alloy NiTi in porous form is of high interest as implantable material, as low apparent elastic modulus, comparable to that of bone, can be achieved. This condition, combined with proper pore size, allows good osteointegration. Porous NiTi can be produced by self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), starting from mixed powders of pure Ni and Ti. Process parameters, among which powder compaction degree and preheating temperature, strongly influence the reaction temperature and the resulting product: at low reaction temperatures, high quantity of secondary phases are formed, which are generally considered detrimental for biocompatibility. On the contrary, at higher reaction temperatures, the powders melt and crystallize in ingots. The porous structure is lost and huge pores are formed. Mechanical activation of powders through ball milling and addition of TiH x are investigated as means to reduce reaction temperature and overheating, in order to preserve high porosity and limit secondary phases content. Both processes affect SHS reaction, and require adjustment of parameters such as heating rate. Changes in porous shape and size were observed especially for TiH x additions: the latter could be a promising route to obtain shaped porous products of improved quality.
The rate of change of left ventricular volume in man. I. Validation and peak systolic ejection rate in health and disease.

The rate of left ventricular volume change (dV/dt) is by definition left ventricular ejection rate during systole and filling rate during diastole, and in the absence of valvular regurgitation or intracardiac shunts, is equal to systolic aortic valve flow and diastolic mitral valve flow respectively. A computerized technique for the calculation of instantaneous left ventricular dV/dt from cineangiographically measured left ventricular volume is presented. Curve smoothing was accomplished by passing a second degree polynomial through nine consecutive volume points using the least squares technique. Validity of this technique was demonstrated by the high degree of correlation of systolic dV/dt with instantaneous ascending aortic blood velocity (flow) measured simultaneously with an electromagnetic catheter-tip velocity transducer in ten patients. Peak left ventricular systolic ejection rate (S dV/dt) was calculated from single plane cineangiographically measured left ventricular volumes in 113 adult patients and related to other measures of cardiovascular function. Mean S dV/dt for the group of 29 normal patients was 427 ± 129 cc per second and was not significantly different in patients with coronary artery disease (21), aortic stenosis (13), mitral stenosis (11), or cardiomyopathy (9), but was increased significantly in patients with valvular regurgitation (19). S dV/dt correlates poorly with the ejection fraction and with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and is not a reliable measure of left ventricular function. The primary determinant of S dV/dt appears to be total left ventricular stroke volume. When S dV/dt is divided by end-diastolic volume (EDV), the resultant S dV/dt/EDV correlates well with peak normalized circumferential fiber shortening rate ( r = 0.89, P < 0.01) and with ejection fraction ( r = 0.69, P < 0.01). The correlation coefficient of S dV/dt/DV with LVEDP was r = 0.36 ( P < 0.01) and with arterio-venous oxygen difference, r = 0.38 ( P < 0.01). Thus, S dV/dt/EDV appears to be a measure of ventricular function. S dV/dt occurs in midsystole in normal subjects and in patients with mitral regurgitation and is not delayed in patients with aortic stenosis. The three patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis appeared to have characteristic changes in the left ventricular ejection rate curve with an increase in S dV/dt (and especially S dV/dt/EDV), with S dV/dt occurring earlier in systole than normal.
A phase II trial of biochemical modulation using N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate, high-dose methotrexate, high-dose 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin in patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site.

Background. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has modest activity as a single agent in a number of human adenocarcinomas. The technique of biochemical modulation has been used preclinically to increase the activity of 5-FU. Methods. With doses based on a Phase I study, the authors performed a Phase II trial in patients with advanced metastatic adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary site using N-phosphonacetyl-I-aspartate (PALA), methotrexate (MTX), 5-FU, and leucovorin. In some patients, 5-phosphoriosyl-l-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) metabolite pools were assayed before and after PALA and MTX to assess metabolite pool shifts. Results. Twenty-one patients were treated in this Phase I1 trial. Toxicity was tolerable. Biopsy specimens of tumor tissue showed increases in PRPP and decreases in UTP levels in two of three and three of four patients, respectively. However, only one objective response was seen, which is not different from that expected with 5-FU alone. Conclusions. Expected PRPP and UTP metabolite pool shifts were seen when biochemical modulation was performed with these drugs according to this schedule. Because toxicity was mild, more intense dose schedules of 5-FU are planned for future studies. Cancer 1992; 70:1988–1992.
Pulsed-gradient spin-echo diffusion study of polydisperse paraffin mixtures

Abstract We have adapted our earlier model for interpreting pulsed-gradient spin-echo diffusion experiments in polydisperse specimens to polymer melts. We report diffusion measurements in a paraffin wax and two n-paraffin mixtures centered on eicosane but with different dispersities. The excellent fits of the model to the data are consistent with a power law relating the molecular weight of each component fraction with its diffusivity in the unentangled mixture, with an exponent slightly steeper than −1.
On the Way Home: Program description and preliminary findings

Abstract Reintegrating into the home, school, and community settings following a stay in out-of-home care can present significant challenges to school-aged youths. During this transition, social, behavioral, and educational challenges can result in placement instability, academic failure, and ultimately school drop-out. This article describes a home and school-focused transition program, On the Way Home, which was designed to support youths, families, and schools during this critical reintegration period. The intervention model, preliminary data on program effects on youth placement and educational stability, and future research are discussed.
City Noise and Its Effect Upon Airborne Antenna Noise Temperatures at UHF

Results of an experimental program to determine the characteristics of city noise and its effect on airborne UHF antennas are presented. Coherent sources of energy from communications equipment, radar, navigational aids, etc. are not included in the analysis. Based upon the experimental data, a model of the industrial noise is presented in which an industrial area is considered as a uniformly distributed source of independent radiators. The magnitude of the power density distribution was computed to be 3×10-18 to 1×10-18 W/m2/Hz over the UHF band for all the East Coast cities measured, with the exception of New York City which was 5 to 6 dB higher. Relations have been derived and curves plotted to compute antenna noise temperature increase due to city noise, based upon the metropolitan area and its range from the aircraft.
Solute atom-dislocation binding energy in dilute Cu-Ge alloys

Abstract Dislocation damping measurements have been performed on [100] single crystals of a series of coppergermanium alloys in an attempt to determine the value of the binding energy for germanium solute atoms to dislocations. The measurements have been made at temperatures ranging from 190° to 580°C using the Marx composite piezoelectric oscillator, with the specimens driven in their fundamental longitudinal mode of vibration at 80 kc/s. The alloy specimens range in composition from 0.005 to 0.5 at.% germanium. The amplitude-dependent decrement of the specimens at moderate strain amplitudes (10 −6 –10 −5 ) follows the predictions of the hysteretic dislocation damping analysis of Granato and Lucke. Using the results of this analysis, a binding energy of 0.28 eV is calculated from the damping data, in comparison with a composite value of 0.31 eV predicted by consideration of the elastic, electrical and chemical solute atom-dislocation interactions. This result is consistent with the theoretical prediction that the elastic interaction predominates while the electrical and chemical contributions are of minor importance in the particular alloys studied.
An artificial immune system for phishing detection

The amazing nature of biological immune systems on protecting humans from pathogens inspired people to develop artificial immune systems. Designed to simulate the functionalities of biological immune systems, artificial immune systems are suggested to be mainly applied in the domain of computer security. In this paper, we propose an artificial immune system for phishing detection. The system is to detect phishing emails through memory detectors and mature detectors. The memory detectors are generated from the training data set, which, in turn, contains the phishing emails previously seen by the system. The immature detectors are reproduced through the system's mutation process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a system is ever proposed. We believe that the system is more adaptive than any other existing phishing detection techniques.
502 Watt, single transverse mode, narrow linewidth, bidirectionally pumped Yb-doped fiber amplifier

High power operation of narrow linewidth optical fiber amplifiers is usually limited by the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering. In this paper, we present results demonstrating over 500 Watts of power in a single mode beam from a fiber designed to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering through a reduction in the overlap of the optical and acoustic fields. Simulations demonstrate the potential for this fiber to achieve greater than 1000 Watts of output power.
Rational design of a selective antagonist of ε protein kinase C derived from the selective allosteric agonist, pseudo-RACK peptide

We have previously shown that domains involved in binding of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes to their respective anchoring proteins (RACKs) and short peptides derived from these domains are PKC isozyme-selective antagonists. We also identified PKC isozyme-selective agonists, named psiRACK peptides, derived from a sequence within each PKC with high homology to its respective RACK. We noted that all the psiRACK sequences within each PKC isozyme have at least one non-homologous amino acid difference from their corresponding RACK that constitutes a charge change. Based on this information, we have devised here a new approach to design an isozyme-selective PKC antagonist, derived from the psiRACK sequence. We focused on epsilonPKC psiRACK peptide, where the pseudo-epsilonRACK sequence (psiepsilonRACK; HDAPIGYD; corresponding to epsilonPKC85-92) is different in charge from the homologous RACK-derived sequence (NNVALGYD; corresponding to epsilonRACK285-292) in the second amino acid. Here we show that changing the charge of the psiepsilonRACK peptide through a substitution of only one amino acid (aspartate to asparagine) resulted in a peptide with an opposite activity on the same cell function and a substitution for aspartate with an alanine resulted in an inactive peptide. These data support our hypothesis regarding the mechanism by which pseudo-RACK peptide activates PKC in heart cells and suggest that this approach is applicable to other signaling proteins with inducible protein-protein interactions.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of CrCOOCH3 interfaces on self-assembled monolayers of 16-mercaptohexadecanoate

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to identify the interactions at a metal/organic interface formed by evaporation of Cr overlayers on the methyl ester groups at the surface of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 16-mercaptohexadecanoate [HS(CH 2 ) 15 COOCH 3 ] on gold. The high reactivity of Cr with COOCH 3 groups promotes the growth of a relatively smooth Cr layer on top of the SAM. The CrCOOCH 3 interaction forms a dominant species for Cr/end group ratios less than 1, which is similar to that formed in the CrCOOH interaction on a SAM, but an additional species corresponding to a O 1s component at a higher binding energy is also formed that is not understood. For higher Cr coverages, a Cr(III) oxide is formed by dissociation of oxygen primarily from the SAM end groups. Adsorption of oxygen-containing species from the UHV ambient was found to have little effect on the results for less than 0.6 nm Cr coverage.
Node Stability Index: A Stability Metric and an Algorithm to Determine Long-Living Connected Dominating Sets for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

In this paper, the author proposes an algorithm to determine a stable Connected Dominating Set CDS for Mobile Ad hoc Networks MANETs based on the notion of a metric called the Node Stability Index NSI of a node, defined as the sum of the predicted expiration times of the links LETs with the neighbor nodes that are not yet covered by a CDS node. The proposed algorithm prefers, to include to the CDS, a covered node that has the largest NSI value. A covered node is eligible for inclusion into the NSI-CDS if it has at least one uncovered neighbor node. Through extensive simulations, the author observes that the NSI-CDS is significantly stable the tradeoff being a modest increase in the CDS Node Size and its lifetime is about 2.5-3.5 times more than the lifetime of a maximum-density based CDS MaxD-CDS and 1.5-2 times more than the lifetime of an ID-based CDS.
Coupling of Estimation and Sensor Tasking Applied to Satellite Tracking

The tracking of resident space objects has been a topic of recent concern due to the numerous objects that must be monitored with respect to relatively few sensors that can observe them. This discrepancy creates situations in which sensors have multiple objects within their view and must decide which to observe and which to ignore at a particular time, a process known as sensor tasking or sensor network management. Previous studies have suggested calculating information- (or covariance-) based metrics to aid in this process, which rely on uncertainty estimates of an object’s location obtained using a nonlinear estimator. In these studies, the coupling between estimation and sensor tasking is investigated using two covariance-based tasking strategies in conjunction with two nonlinear estimators applied within a simple planar satellite-tracking simulation. Results demonstrate that the use of more accurate estimators leads to better overall estimates, not only due to the advantages within the estimation meth...
A functional failure reasoning methodology for evaluation of conceptual system architectures

In this paper, we introduce a new methodology for reasoning about the functional failures during early design of complex systems. The proposed approach is based on the notion that a failure happens when a functional element in the system does not perform its intended task. Accordingly, a functional criticality is defined depending on the role of functionality in accomplishing designed tasks. A simulation-based failure analysis tool is then used to analyze functional failures and reason about their impact on overall system functionality. The analysis results are then integrated into an early stage system architecture analysis framework that analyzes the impact of functional failures and their propagation to guide system-level architectural design decisions. With this method, a multitude of failure scenarios can be quickly analyzed to determine the effects of architectural design decisions on overall system functionality. Using this framework, design teams can systematically explore risks and vulnerabilities during the early (functional design) stage of system development prior to the selection of specific components. Application of the presented method to the design of a representative aerospace electrical power system (EPS) testbed demonstrates these capabilities.
Insulin resistance and excess risk of diabetes in Mexican-Americans: the San Antonio Heart Study.

Context: Mexican-Americans have more diabetes than non-Hispanic whites, but the extent to which insulin resistance and insulin secretion explain the ethnic difference is unknown. Objective: We analyzed selected indices of insulin resistance and secretion for both the ethnic difference and predictive discrimination. Design and Setting: The San Antonio Heart Study is a longitudinal population-based study with a follow-up period of 7.5 yr. Participants: A total of 1540 nondiabetic individuals aged 25–64 yr were enrolled from January 1984 to December 1988. Interventions: Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance and secretion were estimated by available formulas (HOMA-IR and HOMA β-cell) and computer program (HOMA2S and HOMA2B). Matsuda index and insulinogenic index from 0 to 30 and 0 to 120 min (ΔI0–30/ΔG0–30 and ΔI0–120/ΔG0–120) were also calculated. Main Outcome Measure: Incident diabetes was defined by the 2003 American Diabetes Association criteria. Results: Incident diabetes was in exces...
Thermodynamic nature of the glass transition interval

Abstract Quenching a glass-forming liquid as a kinetic factor, determines the formation of thermodynamic conditions that are characteristic of a solid glass and a system within the glass transition interval. In a glass-forming liquid, the excess volume is the reason for the existence of negative pressure that changes within the glass transition interval and becomes ‘frozen’ upon the transformation of a non-equilibrium liquid into a glass. Excess volume and negative pressure are the features of a glass transition that occurs either with quenching or with an increase in the external pressure. Negative pressure which is ‘frozen’ in solid glasses causes their anomalous thermal expansion in the vicinity of the absolute zero temperatures.
Studies on the zinc content of Cd-induced thionein.

Liver metallothionein can be induced by the injection of a variety of metal ions, including Cd, Hg, Ag, Au, and Zn, into rats. The protein so induced contains bound zinc in addition to the other metal ion used for induction. In Cd-induced metallothionein Zn2+ was found to occupy two of the eight possible metal-binding sites in thionein prepared from animals killed at least 10 h after the injection of cadmium. Thionein isolated at earlier times contained little or no zinc. The amount of thionein formed is proportional to the dose of Cd, but the hepatic uptake of Cd precedes the mobilization of Zn by several hours. This Cd-induced mobilization of Zn is most significant in the liver. The origin of the mobilized Zn is primarily from the excretory pathway, with the diet also being a contributing factor. In mice and rats, the increased hepatic Zn arising from Cd injection can largely be accounted for by a decrease in fecal Zn. This effect of Cd-induced Zn mobilization is also observed in rats and mice made zinc deficient. The mechanism of Zn mobilization is not resolved, but may involve both an effect of cadmium on excretion and the retention of zinc in the liver caused by an elevated level of thionein. The results presented suggest a physiological role for thionein in zinc metabolism.
Rapid local rectangular views and magnifications: reduced phase encoding of orthogonally excited spin echoes.

A method is described for rapid, artifact-free imaging and magnification of small regions within a larger sample. This combines a rectangular window, reconstructed from a reduced number of phase-encoding steps, and confinement of spin echoes to a similar rectangular strip by orthogonal π/2 and π excitations. Phase encoding is along the width of the strip (along Y). Off-center strips are excited by offsetting the Y slice-selecting gradient, and the reconstruction window is kept coincident with excitation by similarly offsetting the Y phase-encoding gradient. The excited strip is centered in the reconstruction window by setting the radiofrequency transmitter on resonance. The method is shown to be useful for long narrow structures such as the spine where the acquisition time is reduced by over a factor of 5 determined by the image aspect ratio. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Semiclassical many-mode Floquet theory. II. Non-linear multiphoton dynamics of a two-level system in a strong bichromatic field

For pt.I see Chem. Phys. Lett. vol.96, p.464 (1983). The non-linear multiphoton excitation dynamics of two-level systems under the influence of two strong linearly polarised monochromatic fields is studied exactly for the first time along the semiclassical many-mode Floquet theory. The present approach relaxes the restrictions of the conventional generalised rotating-wave approximation (GRWA) and allows correct treatment of various non-linear features such as power broadening, resonance shift, asymmetry in absorption lineshape, etc. By extending the nearly degenerate perturbative method of Salwen (1955), approximate analytical expressions for transition probabilities are obtained for multiphoton resonance processes for which (n+1) photons of one field are absorbed, whereas n photons of the other field are emitted, where n is an arbitrary integer. Detailed comparison of the analytical, the GRWA and the numerically exact results is given. Also presented is a case study of the time evolution of spin 1/2 systems in multi-quantum NMR transitions driven by pulsed bichromatic radiofrequency fields.
A case of "unexplained" decompression sickness in a commercial diver.

While working in the Gulf of Mexico, a 24-year-old male commercial diver developed decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological involvement (Type II DCS). This occurred despite closely adhering to US Navy decompression tables that divers follow upon slowly resurfacing from the ocean depths (so-called unexplained DCS). The patient required therapy in a decompression chamber, and subsequently had complete clinical recovery. He was then referred to “rule out” a right-to-left cardiac shunt. Physical examination, an electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray were all normal. Initial transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was also normal, having normal cardiac chamber dimensions and function, and normal pulmonary artery pressure calculations. A right antecubital vein intravenous line was placed, and 8 cc of agitated saline using a three-way stop-cock was administered during normal respirations. TTE revealed complete opacification of the right heart chambers. Contrast bubbles appeared within the left heart chambers within two cardiac cycles of its appearance in the right heart (Fig. 1). A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was then performed. At the level of the atrial septum a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was identified with its “slit” ∼10 mm diameter during normal respirations. Agitated saline contrast was injected during normal respirations with contrast visualized to traverse right to left via the PFO (Fig. 2). Based on these findings, the patient was felt to have a clinically
Through the Looking Glass Exploring How College Students’ Perceptions of the Police Influence Sexual Assault Victimization Reporting

Despite increased attention, education, and prevention programs, sexual assault of college students and underreporting of this victimization remain a pervasive problem. Previous research has examined factors influencing the reporting of crimes by the public to the police, the extent of sexual victimization on college campuses, sexual assault victimization reporting and/or disclosure (for both university victims and non-university victims), and perceptions of police by university students. However, there remains a dearth of research examining whether students’ perceptions of police influence their decision to report victimization, in particular sexual assault victimization. The present study examined whether students’ perceptions of police influence their decision to report victimization. Using data obtained from a survey of students attending a public university in Southwestern Pennsylvania, the current study examines factors that impact victimization reporting and whether perceptions of police influence ...
Characterization of the inverse-narrow-width effect

The inverse-narrow-width effect, the reduction in the threshold voltage with decreasing device width, is modeled and experimentally measured. A fringing gate capacitance model is extended to include the effects of the sidewall interface charge. Two- and three-dimensional simulations are used to illustrate the enhanced sidewall potential and current, and the effect of sidewall interface charge on the electrical behavior of MOSFET's with fully recessed isolation oxides. We compare the closed-form analytical threshold voltage expression developed with experimental data from small-geometry NMOS devices and find very good agreement.
Mentoring Junior Faculty in Geropsychology: The Respect Model

Mentoring junior faculty in geropsychology is becoming more critical due to the paucity of geropsychologists and the financial and talent costs experienced by universities of faculty turnover. This paper presents the unique aspects of mentoring junior faculty as opposed to mentoring of graduate students or interns, and examines some of the author's personal core values in mentoring that have been applied to over 50 junior faculty members. The author presents the RESPECT model as away to view the important and varied tasks involved in successful mentoring of junior geropsychology faculty. The model identifies the mentee as the leader in the mentee-mentor faculty relationship and examines the types of empowerment, support, protection and planning that goes into mentoring. The model, in addition, discusses the personal and emotional relationship the mentee-mentor has and the role of mentor in handling disappointment and assisting the mentee in negotiating conflict.
WOMEN AND GIRLS AS UPPER PALAEOLITHIC CAVE ‘ARTISTS’: DECIPHERING THE SEXES OF FINGER FLUTERS IN ROUFFIGNAC CAVE

Summary Popular and scholarly literature usually assumes that prehistoric artists were adult men. We show in other publications that young children from the Palaeolithic fluted in Rouffignac Cave, France, and hence the incorrectness at least here of the usual assumption. Our research also shows that females as well as males fluted in Rouffignac. Our methods for demonstrating this are forensic based on physiological research of relative finger lengths of males and females. We examine the profiles of the flutings of seven individuals and show that two are probably male whereas the remaining five are probably female. This type of study leading to where we identify individuals can produce responses to social questions about the fluters both as a group and as individuals.
Effect of Moisture Content on Density, Heat Capacity and Conductivity of Restructured Pork/Soy Hull Mixtures

Sixteen restructured pork/soy hull mixtures were studied. Incorporation of unprocessed and processed and two particle sizes of hydrated soy hulls in the mixture resulted in moisture contents ranging from 74% to 85%. Standard laboratory procedures were used to measure density, heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Thermal diffusivity was calculated as a mathematical function of these three properties. Thermal diffusivity values were affected the most (1.14–2.01 × 10-7 m2/sec) by moisture, followed by heat capacity (2.75–4.18 J/g°C), and thermal conductivity (4.80–5.72 x 10-3W/cm°C). No significant changes in density occurred (1.02–1.06 g/cm3).
Identifying the Factor Structure of Equity Returns

A challenge for modern portfolio managers and security analysts is understanding the variables or factors that drive security returns. Statistical methods such as principal components analysis are useful but lack meaningful interpretations. Real economic factors comport with intuitive understanding but lack explanatory power. This study seeks to bridge the gap between these two approaches by interpreting “statistical factors” using economic factors. The authors examine the factor structure of equity portfolio returns widely used in a sample period from 1963 through 1999. They find there are three major factors for equity returns, which can be associated with 1) the market return; 2) market capitalization; and 3) the investment opportunity set. Higher–order factors can be uniquely identified with macroeconomic variables.
Extension of Hysteresis operators of Preisach-type to real, Lebesgue measurable functions

Abstract Functions in L loc p [ 0 , ∞ ) where 1 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞ can be considered as inputs to linear systems. However, hysteresis operators of Preisach type have only been defined on much smaller space of regulated (or Baire) functions. In this paper, we re-define Play operators so that they are well defined for real valued measurable functions. We show that this definition coincides with the older definition for continuous and regulated functions on an interval. Domain extension of hysteresis operators of Preisach type to real, Lebesgue measurable functions is then obtained in the standard manner using the re-defined Play operators.
Feasibility of a method to identify targets that are likely to contain conventional explosives

A method to remotely identify vehicles or other targets that might be harboring conventional explosives is described. The method utilizes multiple responses from a target that is interrogated by gamma-ray and neutron pulses and employs a template-matching procedure that reduces the collected information into a figure-of-merit. The template-matching procedure seeks to identify suspect targets based on deviations between a response vector obtained from a target under scrutiny and templates from a library; the templates are characteristic of targets with known cargoes. The methodology is illustrated with simulated data and the results of preliminary experiments on simplified targets are presented.
Does Combined Open and Arthroscopic Synovectomy for Diffuse PVNS of the Knee Improve Recurrence Rates

Background Diffuse-type pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) has a high local recurrence rate and as such can lead to erosive destruction of the involved joint. Multiple surgical modalities exist, but it is unknown which technique best minimizes local recurrence and surgical morbidity.
Microwave finishing of potato chips: Effect on the amino acids and sugars

The losses of both amino acids and sugars (especially reducing sugars) was greater in chips prepared by conventional deep fat frying than in chips which were finish dehydrated in a microwave oven. These losses were considerably amplified in chips from potatoes with a high reducing sugar content. Unknown materials of significant magnitude were found in the microwave finished chips prepared from high reducing sugar containing potatoes. These were assumed from their effluent volumes to be amino acid-fructose intermediates which had not reacted further to polymeric brown pigments as occurred in the samples fried in deep fat. Twenty-four free amino acids and amides were identified and measured in these potatoes (Pennsylvania Kathdins) and in the chips. Using microwave energy it was possible to prepare potato chips of light color and desirable quality from potatoes containing almost 0.5% glucose.
Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K) and PKB/Akt delay the onset of p53-mediated, transcriptionally dependent apoptosis.

The phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K)-PKB/Akt signaling pathway has been shown to mediate both Ras- and cytokine-induced protection from apoptosis. In addition, apoptosis induced by the p53 tumor suppressor protein can be inhibited by Ras- and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. It was therefore of interest to determine if the PI3K-PKB/Akt signaling pathway was capable of conferring protection from apoptosis induced by p53. We demonstrate in this report that constitutively active PI3K and PKB/Akt are capable of significantly delaying the onset of p53-mediated apoptosis. This was manifested as a delay in the kinetics of DNA degradation and cell death as well as a profound attenuation in the accumulation of cells with a sub-G1 DNA content. Moreover, we found that this effect is mediated in the absence of changes in expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl, and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Our results provide the first direct and unambiguous link between p53-mediated apoptosis and the PI3K-PKB/Akt signaling pathway.
PREDICTING ACADEMIC SUCCESS FOR DISABLED STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Research has indicated that disabled and nondisabled persons experience communication strained by high levels of uncertainty for both communicators. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of being disabled on the academic progress of disabled college students. It was felt that academic success will be contingent upon positive communication with faculty, fellow students, and university personnel. A questionnaire assessing the campus' social climate, the quality of its programs and instruction, and the students' academic and career expectations was administered to 100 disabled students. Analyses of the data revealed that the disabled students' motivation was significantly related to their level of social alienation, while the students' perceived competence was most related to their level of social adjustment. The theoretical implications of these findings and avenues for future research are discussed.
Social Trust and the Ethics of Immigration Policy

ALTHOUGH popular political discourse typically assumes that a state’s right to guard borders and exclude foreigners is non-problematic, this privilege has been widely challenged. Because there is always a presumption against restricting the freedom of individuals, the burden is on those who would restrict movement to demonstrate that such limitations are justified. Although we might still end up with a very restrictive regime, such restrictions require justification. As a result, although most public debate asks what policy will be best for current citizens, a prior question regarding the shape and source of the state’s right to exclude foreigners must be settled before this question can be rightfully addressed. Concerns regarding social trust are often thought to provide this justification and thus legitimate limited restrictions on immigration. Indeed, it is commonly argued that immigration restrictions are justified because a nationally unified community is a necessary prerequisite of various redistributive programs (themselves required by justice). On this view, to the extent that immigration threatens a community’s enabling unity, it may be legitimately restricted. Many influential analysts endorse such a view:
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Downregulates Human Papillomavirus-16 Oncogene Expression and Inhibits the Proliferation of Cervical Carcinoma Cells

The constitutive proliferation and resistance to differentiation and apoptosis of neoplastic cervical cells depend on sustained expression of human papillomavirus oncogenes. Inhibition of these oncogenes is a goal for the prevention of progression of HPV-induced neoplasias to cervical cancer. SiHa cervical cancer cells were transfected with an HPV-16 promoter reporter construct and treated with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a human cytokine of the interleukin 6 superfamily. SiHa and CaSki cervical cancer cells were also assessed for proliferation by MTT precipitation, programmed cell death by flow cytometry, and HPV E6 and E7 expression by real-time PCR. LIF-treated cervical cancer cells showed significantly reduced HPV LCR activation, reduced levels of E6 and E7 mRNA, and reduced proliferation. We report the novel use of LIF to inhibit viral oncogene expression in cervical cancer cells, with concomitant reduction in proliferation suggesting re-engagement of cell-cycle regulation.
Effects of oxidative stress on human erythroid colony formation: modulation by γ-interferon

Evidence of increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of many chronic diseases associated with anemia. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on erythroid colony formation in vitro by bone marrow light density mononuclear cells (LDMN) and by peripheral blood derived cells enriched for erythroid colony forming units (CFU-E), and how these effects can be modified by a cytokine implicated in the anemia of chronic disease. When blood-derived and marrow cells were cultured with 50 microM H(2)O(2), CFU-E colony formation by blood-derived cells but not by marrow cells was significantly inhibited, suggesting a protective effect of marrow accessory cells. This inhibitory effect on peripheral blood-derived CFU-E was shown to be caspase-dependent. rhgammaIFN at concentrations which did not inhibit CFU-E colony formation sensitized LDMN marrow cells to inhibition by H(2)O(2). Exposure of LDMN marrow cells to rhgammaIFN at concentrations of 10 U/mL or higher significantly decreased the concentration of thioredoxin (Trx) in cell supernatant. Addition of recombinant Trx to LDMN marrow cells cultured with H(2)O(2) and rhgammaIFN partially (although not completely) reversed inhibition of CFU-E colony formation. These findings suggest that inflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease may exert their effects at least in part through modulation of oxidative stress.
Adrenocortical function in the domestic cat during treatment with levonorgestrel.

Abstract Levonorgestrel was administered via a subcutaneous, slow-release silastic implant to 10 queens. Five other queens served as controls. Their adrenocortical function was assessed by the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test before and after one, two, six and 12 months of treatment. In addition, the gross anatomy and histology of the adrenal gland were examined post mortem in six of the treated cats. In both the control and treated queens the plasma cortisol concentrations (pre and post ACTH) were significantly different (P
Statistical evaluation of effects of riparian buffers on nitrate and ground water quality.

A study was conducted to statistically evaluate the effectiveness of riparian buffers for decreasing nitrate concentrations in ground water and for affecting other chemical constituents. Values for pH, specific conductance, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), silica, ammonium, phosphorus, iron, and manganese at 28 sites in the Contentnea Creek Basin were significantly higher (p 20 yr) discharging ground water draining areas with riparian buffers compared with areas without riparian buffers. No differences in chloride, nitrate nitrogen, calcium, sodium, and dissolved oxygen concentrations in old ground water between buffer and nonbuffer areas were detected. Comparison of samples of young (<20 yr) discharging ground water samples from buffer and nonbuffer areas indicated significantly higher specific conductance, calcium, chloride, and nitrate nitrogen in nonbuffer areas. Riparian buffers along streams can affect the composition of the hyporheic zone by providing a source of organic carbon to the streambed, which creates reducing geochemical conditions that consequently can affect the chemical quality of old ground water discharging through it. Buffer zones between agricultural fields and streams facilitate dilution of conservative chemical constituents in young ground water that originate from fertilizer applications and also allow denitrification in ground water by providing an adequate source of organic carbon generated by vegetation in the buffer zone. Based on the median chloride and nitrate values for young ground water in the Contentnea Creek Basin, nitrate was 95% lower in buffer areas compared with nonbuffer areas, with a 30 to 35% reduction estimated to be due to dilution and 65 to 70% due to reduction and/ or denitrification.
Characterization of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus.

Pyridine-type nucleotides were identified in cell-free extracts of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus by their ability to replace authentic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)] in assays using pure P. furiosus enzymes. The nucleotides were purified using a combination of ion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. They were identified as NAD and NADP by analyses using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Their intracellular concentrations were measured in P. furiosus grown using maltose and peptides as the carbon sources. The concentrations decreased during the lag phase but remained constant during the exponential phase at approximately 0.17 and 0.13 mM, respectively. The amount of NAD was significantly lower (more than four-fold lower) than that in mesophilic bacteria, although the NADP concentration was comparable. The internal concentrations of NADH and NADPH in P. furiosus were determined to be 0.14 mM and 0.04 mM, respectively. The overall cellular concentration of NAD(P)(H) in P. furiosus (0.48 mM) is about half the value in the mesophiles. The NAD(H)/NADP(H) ratio in P. furiosus is consistent with the preferred use of NADP by several catabolic enzymes that have been purified from this organism. The mechanisms by which hyperthermophiles stabilize these thermally labile nicotinamide nucleotides are not known.