cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary kidney tumors before and after renal transplantation.

Three groups of patients were reviewed. Primary carcinomaa were found in donors kidneys of 47 recipients. In 30 instances a tumor was present at harvesting. When a neoplasm was removed immediately pretransplantation or early posttransplantation there were no recurrences in 14 recipients. In another two instances, a tumor was not removed or was incompletely excised pretransplantation and both recipients died of metastases. Fourteen other patients received kidneys from donors in whom the opposite kidney had a malignancy. Thirteen remained tumor-free and one had allograft nephrectomy for rejection 3 months posttransplantation when a carcinoma was found. In 17 recipients an allograft neoplasm was not recognized at harvesting. In 9 it was discovered at graft nephrectomy an average of 3 months posttransplantation. In a tenth patient a hypoechogenic area, found on routine posttransplant ultrasonography, progressively increased in size and proved to be malignant. Another 7 patients developed metastases from renal carcinomas an average of 12 months posttransplantation. Preexisting carcinomas were found in 310 recipients. Seventy-one patients with incidentally discovered tumors had no recurrences no matter when nephrectomy was performed in relationship to transplantation. Of 279 patients with symptomatic renal tumors, 70 (21%) had recurrences, 63% of which occurred in patients treated 12 years pretransplantation. De novo cancers were found posttransplantation in 216 recipients. Renal carcinomas were 4.6% of posttransplant cancers compared with 3% of tumors in the general population. In 222 patients their own diseased kidneys were involved, in 24 tumors occurred in the allograft, and in 10 cases the site was not stated. Development of neoplasia seemed to be related not to the immunosuppreaaive therapy but to the underlying cause of renal failure, especially analgesic nephropathy. A disproportionate number of carcinomaa (11%) involved the renal pelvis, moat likely because of prior analgesic abuse
Adenosine transporter ENT4 is a direct target of EWS/WT1 translocation product and is highly expressed in desmoplastic small round cell tumor

Background: Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a highly aggressive malignancy that affects mainly adolescents and young adults. A defining characteristic of DSRCT is a specific chromosomal translocation, t(11;22)(p13;q12), that fuses EWS with WT1, leading to a production of two isoforms of chimeric transcription factor, EWS/WT1(2KTS) and EWS/WT1(+KTS). The chimeric proteins are thought to play critical roles in various stages of oncogenesis through aberrant transcription of different genes, but only a few of these genes have been identified. Methodology/Principal Findings: We report the identification of a new target of EWS/WT1, ENT4 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4) which encodes a pH-dependent adenosine transporter. ENT4 is transcriptionally activated by both isoforms of EWS/WT1 as evidenced by promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses. Furthermore, ENT4 is highly and specifically expressed in primary tumors of DSRCT as well as in a DSRCT cell line, JN-DSRCT-1. Treatment of JNDSRCT-1 cells with adenosine analogs, such as 2-chloro-29-deoxyadenosine (2-CdA), resulted in an increased cytotoxic response in dose- and pH-dependent manner. Conclusions/Significance: Our detailed analyses of a novel target of EWS/WT1 in DSRCT reveal an insight into the oncogenic mechanism of EWS-fusion chromosomal translocation gene products and provide a new marker for DSRCT. Furthermore, identification of ENT4 as a highly expressed transcript in DSRCT may represent an attractive pathway for targeting chemotherapeutic drugs into DSRCT.
Identification and classification of adenoviruses.

Abstract Because of the relatively common occurrence in man and animals of agents belonging to the adenovirus group, it is probable that additional viruses of this type will be isolated in the future. In anticipation of this, criteria for the inclusion and classification of unidentified agents within the adenovirus group are reviewed, discussed, and recommended.
Experimental separation of torsional and charge redistribution effects in rotational spectra of HCN dimers

Abstract Boand Djhave been determined for H13C15N-HC15N, HC15N-H13C15N, HC15N-DC14N and DC13N-HC15N. From them and other, previous results a full substitution structure has been obtained for HCN(1)-HCN(2). It leads to torsional amplitudes θ1 and θ2 of 13.6 and 9.3° for the two monomers in the dimer. A determination by fitting Bo for six isotopic species gives 13.7 and 8.7°. These values are used to separate torsional and charge redistribution effects upon the hyperfine interactions of 14N and D in the dimers. For 14N, about 40% of the difference in χa between HCN monomer and dimer is caused by charge redistribution. The C-D bond length in the dimer is considered.
Kinetic Competition between RNA Polymerase II and Sen1-Dependent Transcription Termination

The essential helicase-like protein Sen1 mediates termination of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) transcription at snoRNAs and other noncoding RNAs in yeast. A mutation in the Pol II subunit Rpb1 that increases the elongation rate increases read-through transcription at Sen1-mediated terminators. Termination and growth defects in sen1 mutant cells are partially suppressed by a slowly transcribing Pol II mutant and are exacerbated by a faster-transcribing Pol II mutant. Deletion of the nuclear exosome subunit Rrp6 allows visualization of noncoding RNA intermediates that are terminated but not yet processed. Sen1 mutants or faster-transcribing Pol II increase the average lengths of preprocessed snoRNA, CUT, and SUT transcripts, while slowed Pol II transcription produces shorter transcripts. These connections between transcription rate and Sen1 activity support a model whereby kinetic competition between elongating Pol II and Sen1 helicase establishes the temporal and spatial window for early Pol II termination.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average: The Impact of Fixing its Flaws

The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a flawed index. The index uses price weights instead of conceptually superior market valuation weights. The companies included in the index are not chosen systematically and are not very representative of the U.S. market; and the index ignores returns from dividends. This article shows that alternative stock price indexes that use superior weighting methods and a more systematic inclusion criterion perform very similarly to the Dow Jones Industrial Average, but, ignoring dividends dramatically underestimates the long-run returns earned by stock market investors. If Dow Jones & Co. had included dividend returns in the DJIA when it was formed in 1928, the index would be over 250,000 today.
2013 and 2014 … Looking Back, Looking Ahead: Editor-in-Chief's Commentary

The Community College Journal of Research and Practice is the only peer-reviewed journal about community colleges that is international in scope and purpose, published 12 times per year, and is in ...
Droplet vaporization in a supercritical microgravity environment

A model is presented which describes single liquid droplet vaporization at nearly critical liquid pressures and temperatures. A modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used to evaluate the fugacities and liquid and vapor mole fractions at the interface under the assumption of interface equilibrium. Results obtained for different droplet sizes and conditions indicate significant differences in behavior in comparison with low-pressure quasi-steady droplet vaporization.
Experimental observation of thiamin diphosphate-bound intermediates on enzymes and mechanistic information derived from these observations

Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), the vitamin B1 coenzyme, is an excellent representative of coenzymes, which carry out electrophilic catalysis by forming a covalent complex with their substrates. The function of ThDP is to greatly increase the acidity of two carbon acids by stabilizing their conjugate bases, the ylide/C2-carbanion of the thiazolium ring and the C2alpha-carbanion (or enamine) once the substrate binds to ThDP. In recent years, several ThDP-bound intermediates on such pathways have been characterized by both solution and solid-state (X-ray) methods. Prominent among these advances are X-ray crystallographic results identifying both oxidative and non-oxidative intermediates, rapid chemical quench followed by NMR detection of a several intermediates which are stable under acidic conditions, and circular dichroism detection of the 1',4'-imino tautomer of ThDP in some of the intermediates. Some of these methods also enable the investigator to determine the rate-limiting step in the complex series of steps.
Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysms

To the Editor: I appreciated the case report and literature review on giant coronary aneurysms by Crawley and colleagues.1 Their report details the various facets of this unusual condition and its management. In 2009, my colleagues and I reported our experience with a patient who had multiple giant coronary aneurysms.2 In Crawley and associates' patient, it is notable that the large aneurysm size was diagnosed on coronary angiography, which indicated a lack of aneurysmal sac “content.” In our patient, and similar to aneurysmal disease elsewhere in the body, the aneurysms' sacs contained large amounts of debris, and the true sizes of the aneurysms were found intraoperatively. Our patient underwent mitral valve repair 6 years later for severe mitral regurgitation and continues to do well. I thought that I would mention our earlier case, to augment Crawley and colleagues' nice review.
The biology of the twinning process: How placentation influences outcome

Placentation of twins has important bearing on the fetal development and neonatal outcome. Because of limitation in space of the endometrial cavity, twin placentas frequently collide during their expansion. This may restrict their growth and also lead to a somewhat increased rate of placenta previa. Moreover, abnormal cord insertions such as marginal and velamentous cords are much more frequent in multiple gestation. Absence of one umbilical artery is also much more frequent in twins. The best prognosis is had when two independent placentas develop, the dichorionic separate organs. Fusion of two separate placentas does not lead to vascular anastomoses in human twins, whereas it often does in other species (marmoset, cattle). Blood vessel fusion occurs only in monochorionic twins, all of which are "identical" (monozygotic). Large anastomoses (usually artery-to-artery) allow blood to shift rapidly from one to the other. Thus, when one twins dies, the survivor may quickly exsanguinate into the dead twin, leading to hypotension and occasionally to cerebral palsy. Arteriovenous anastomoses are the basis for the twin transfusion syndrome. This results in severe prematurity and gross discordance of all sorts of physical parameters. Knowing this type of vascular shunts helped develop the prenatal laser obliteration with salvage of the twins. The worst prognosis occurs with the rarest type of placentation in twin, in which both reside in the same cavity. This is the monoamnionic-monochorionic twin placentation. By moving about, the twins often entangle their umbilical cords and some 40% to 50% may die in utero.
Steady-state diffusion equation for nondegenerate semiconductor space-charge regions involving large electric fields

Abstract A diffusion equation for nondegenerate semiconductors is presented which is valid in regions of varying carrier concentrations and very large space-charge fields.
The effects of selection in factor analysis

Factorial results are affected by selection of subjects and by selection of tests. It is shown that the addition of one or more tests which are linear combinations of tests already in a battery causes the addition of one or more incidental factors. If the given test battery reveals a simple structure, the addition of tests which are linear combinations of the given tests leaves the structure unaffected unless the number of incidental factors is so large that the common factors become indeterminate.
The impact of interventions on HIV transmission among couples in sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Background: In areas highly endemic with HIV, discordancy is prevalent among couples affected by HIV, where a substantial proportion of infected individuals are in stable sexual relationships with non-infected individuals. Designing a package of interventions to reduce HIV incidence among discordant partnerships is critical. We assessed quantitatively the impact of four interventions (antiretroviral therapy (ART), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), condoms with and with no access to couple-based voluntary counseling and testing program (VCT), and male circumcision (MC)) on HIV incidence among a cohort of discordant couples at varying levels of efficacy, adherence, eligibility, and coverage. Methods: A mathematical model was constructed to assess the impact of interventions and was parameterized by the best available evidence from clinical trials and observational studies. Uncertainty analyses were also conducted. Results: Assuming full eligibility and coverage, ART, PrEP, condoms with (and with no) access to couple-based VCT, and MC reduced HIV incidence rate over three years by 69%, 37%, 36% (4.3%), and 19% respectively. Combining two interventions at a time led to a range of incidence rate reduction of 22%-82%; while combining three interventions led to a range of 76%-89%. Combining all four interventions reduced incidence rate by 92%. However, assuming realistic levels of eligibility, coverage, and adherence; ART, PrEP, condoms with (and with no) access to couple-based VCT, and MC reduced HIV incidence rate by 34%, 15%, 36% (2.3%), and 10%, respectively. An intervention package with two (three) interventions simultaneously reduced incidence rate between 12%-59% (24%-66%) depending on the eligibility and coverage conditions. Combining all 4 interventions reduced the incidence rate by 71%. Conclusions: Despite substantial biological efficacy, the impact of each individual intervention is diluted at realistic levels because of eligibility, coverage, and adherence. However, combining multiple interventions can lead to large reductions in HIV incidence rate. ART is especially effective if combined with at least one other intervention and administered at intermediate to high levels of eligibility, coverage and adherence.
Computer Modeling of Electrical Enhancement in Fibrous Filters

This work is a continuation of our recently published study (Rao and Faghri (1988). Aerosol Sci. Technol. 8:133–156) in which an in-line array of parallel circular cylinders, placed transverse to the flow, was proposed as a model for fibrous filters. In the previous study, the pressure drop and particle collection efficiency due to the mechanisms of interception and Brownian diffusion were theoretically predicted. In this work particle collection due to interception, inertia effects, and electrostatic forces is considered. As in the previous study, the flow within the in-line array is obtained by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations with the assumption of fully developed flow. A control volume differencing scheme is used for this purpose. The enhancement in particle collection is considered for the case when an electric field is applied across the filter. The increase in collection efficiency due to electrostatic effects is modeled using the method of images. Here, the electric field around a fiber is...
The Circuitous Nature of Operation Ajax

In seeking to protect its economic interests and its control of oil resources in Iran, Britain planned to overthrow Iranian Prime Minister Dr Mohammad Mossadegh in a military coup d’etat following his decision to nationalize the Iranian oil industry in 1951. However, the British initially faced strong opposition to this plan from the US under the Truman administration, which preferred a more diplomatic approach to the crisis and did not see British interests as being in line with its own. Facing this opposition and after unsuccessful attempts to oust the Iranian leader through economic pressure and propaganda campaigns, the British skillfully leveraged American fear of Communism to secure Washington, under the Eisenhower Administration, as a partner to lead a joint US-UK mission to overthrow Mossadegh. This paper explores the reasons behind the shift in American policy regarding this issue, exploring whether it was the Brit's successful use of covert, circuitous tactics to achieve their intended outcomes ...
The propagation corner

This is my virgin effort at a column since agreeing to Ross Stone's invitation to help boost the propagation content of the AP-S Newsletter. I consider myself in the business of waving the flag for propagation, so his offer was a welcome one. Additionally, I've been most im ressed with Ross' fine work on the Newsletter, which f feel serves a real need in our Society, and I would like to support it. My contention is that the Trunsuctions, an excellent journal indeed, is primarily for the benefit of authors, but that the Newsletter serves the needs of readers, particularly the ones not competing on the research frontiers in our field.
Recovery of nitrogenase from aerobically isolated soybean nodule bacteroids

Bacteroids, the symbiotic forms of rhizobia, express nitrogenase, which is the enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonium. The extreme oxygen lability of nitrogenase requires that bacteroids be isolated under anaerobic conditions to preserve their ability to reduce atmospheric dinitrogen. Aerobically isolated bacteroids were found to exhibit nitrogenase activity as measured via the acetylene reduction method but only after incubation of the bacteroids for about 1 h under low partial pressures of oxygen. The recovery of nitrogenase activity was dependent upon the partial pressure of oxygen to which the bacteroids were exposed during the one-hour incubation. The recovery of acetylene reduction activity was prevented by addition of inhibitors of protein synthesis, but not by inhibitors of transcription. Acetylene reduction could be expressed from aerobically isolated bacteroids stored for up to three days after isolation. The recovery of nitrogenase demonstrates that both the plant and the bacteroids possess mechanisms to protect the enzyme against oxygen. The recovery of nitrogen fixation activity from aerobically isolated bacteroids may provide a facile way to obtain bacteroids for studies on symbiotic functioning.
1054 COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS (CNS) BACTEREMIA IN THE NEONATE

CNS is being reported with greater frequency in neonatal disease. A case-controlled study to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with CNS bacteremia, was conducted from 1/82 -9/84 at the Hosp. of the Univ. of PA. A total of 57 nosocomial bacteremias were detected with 42 (74%) due to CNS, an incidence of 5.4/1000 live births. Mean age of onset was 26 days (range, 7-100 days). All infants with CNS had signs and symptoms of sepsis with recurrent bradycardia and pallor or cyanosis. Recurrent apnea, temperature instability, and feeding intolerance occurred in >70% of the infants. The most frequent hematologic abnormality was an immature/total neutrophil count >0.2 (45%). A comparison of CNS to randomly selected Controls (numbers are mean ± SD; *P= < 0.01, **P= < 0.001) revealed: In comparing the CNS to Controls, there was a higher incidence of males, 72 vs 45%,* bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 50 vs 21%,** and necrotizing enterocolitis, 39 vs 14%*, respectively. This study indicates that low birth weight infants with chronic lung disease requiring multiple supportive measures are at highest risk for CNS bacteremia.
Numerical Simulation of Intermediate Cooling Temperature Field in Controlled Rolling

Air cooling may decrease rolling efficiency in controlled rolling for needing long holding time to obtain the correct rolling temperature because of small cooling rate. The intermediate cooling can increate the cooling rate, and improve rolling efficiency. Experiment was carried out to research the effect of intermediate cooling on rolling efficiency. The influence of different cooling mode on the temperature distribution and the temperature profile characteristics of different cooling strategy are analyzed with FEM. It shows that intermediate cooling can decrease the holding time effectively, and improve rolling efficiency; the temperature homogeneity in thickness direction can be improved by opening the header one after another and cooling the plate by oscillating cooling.
Cloning heterologous genes into E. Coli for enzyme production and crystal growth: Problems of expression and microheterogeneity

Abstract Protein crystal growth is heavily dependant on provision of large amounts of very pure protein. For this reason, molecular cloning will be used increasingly to permit the study of proteins which cannot otherwise be prepared in sufficient amounts, or purity, or both. We have obtained a stable clone of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus that is active in enzyme production. This result entailed two unusual aspects of interest to those using molecular cloning for enzyme production and crystal growth: (1) The cloning steps required stringent selection procedures that may have selected an unspecified mutational event 5′ to the structural gene, because an as yet unknown flanking element of the B. stearothermophilus DNA produces a marked instability in plasmids containing the native DNA. (2) The homologous Escherichia coli trpS enzyme apparently interferes with crystallization of B. stearothermophilus tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase purified from an E. coli strain. We have therefore deleted the E. coli chromosomal trpS gene by site-specific recombination of a recombinant lambda phage containing a marked deletion of the E. coli trpS gene. Enzyme prepared from this deletion strain crystallizes in a normal fashion, suitable for high-resolution X-ray crystallography studies. Crystallographic data sets from isomorphous crystals grown with native and cloned protein are identical to 3Aresolution to within normal scaling statistics.
Insomnia in shift work disorder relates to occupational and neurophysiological impairment.

Study Objectives:To determine whether occupational and neurophysiological decrements within shift work disorder (SWD) are differentially related to its two diagnostic symptoms, insomnia and excessi...
Assessing Correlation Structures with Subjective Information-An Interactive Approach

The generation of correlated random variates requires a positive definite correlation matrix. This paper presents an interactive approach to generating a positive definite correlation matrix from subjective information. The procedure, implemented in a FORTRAN routine, facilitates assessment of correlation structures determined from subjective considerations by providing feedback on the feasibility of assumed correlation structures. The routine was verified by applying it to a positive definite correlation matrix reported in the literature. An application of the routine to a nonpositive definite correlation matrix used in a capital investiment simulation for a new papermaking technology illustrates how the procedure may be used to assess possible correlation structures with subjective information.
Arthroscopic Primary Rotator Cuff Repairs in Patients Aged Younger Than 45 Years

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of injury, patient characteristics, tear size, and clinical outcomes after arthroscopic primary rotator cuff repair of full-thickness tears in patients aged younger than 45 years. Methods A total of 70 consecutive patients were reviewed in a retrospective, multicenter (2 institutions) study evaluating prospectively collected data. Fifty-three patients, with a mean age of 37.5 years (range, 16.2 to 44.9 years), were available for follow-up at a mean of 35.8 months (range, 13.8 to 59.1 months). Exclusion criteria included patients with revision procedures, repair of partial tears, and follow-up of less than 12 months. Follow-up evaluation included physical examination with dynamometer strength testing and clinical outcome measures including the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score, pain score on a visual analog scale, and Simple Shoulder Test score. Results A total of 60% of the patients (32 of 53) had a traumatic etiology, with 38% (12 of 32) of these related to an athletic event. Of the tears, 36 (68%) were medium tears. Concomitant procedures performed at the time of rotator cuff repair included acromioplasty (51), biceps tenodesis or tenotomy (24), distal clavicle excision (10), anteroinferior stabilization (2), and labral repair (1). The mean postoperative ASES score was 84.6 (range, 21.6 to 100.0), with 2 patients recording ASES scores of less than 50 (21.7 and 41.7) at final follow-up. In the 38 patients available for clinical follow-up examination, forward flexion improved from 158.7° (range, 45° to 180°) to 168.4° (range, 120° to 180°) ( P = .014). At the time of follow-up, no patients had undergone revision surgery. On the basis of poor clinical outcome scores, 2 patients (4.0%) were considered failures. Conclusions Arthroscopic primary rotator cuff repair of full-thickness tears in patients aged younger than 45 years results in improved outcomes with regard to pain, subjective patient satisfaction, and shoulder function. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Digestive tract motor correlates of vomiting and nausea.

The digestive tract from the upper esophageal sphincter to the ileum participates in the vomiting process, but the role of the digestive tract in nausea is unclear. In preparation for vomiting, the proximal stomach relaxes and the small intestine is evacuated orad in a single mass movement by a retrograde giant contraction and caudad in a stripping fashion by a series of phasic contractions. Orad evacuation of the small intestine may not only remove offending substances but may also dilute. or buffer gastric contents with intestinal and pancreaticobiliary secretions. In association with retching and vomiting, the striated muscle of the esophagus contracts longitudinally, pulling the relaxed proximal stomach into the thoracic cavity forming a funnel from stomach to esophagus. However, gastric evacuation does not occur until the hiatal fibers of the diaphragm relax during vomitus expulsion. Nausea is a subjective feeling in humans that is difficult to identify in animals. Various changes in digestive tract activity have been associated with nausea, but no evidence suggests that these events cause nausea. The prodromal signs of vomiting (e.g., increased heart rate and respiration) that occur concomitantly with the gastrointestinal motor correlates of vomiting have been considered autonomic indices of nausea in animals, but this has not been proven. Regardless, the gastrointestinal motor correlates of vomiting do not cause the prodromata. The emetic central pattern generator may be organized in parallel with respect to its individual autonomic correlates, but as groups of responses, the autonomic and somatomotor correlates may be organized in series.
Attitudinal change among students in a capital punishment class: It may be possible

Students who participated in a class on capital punishment recorded their attitudes toward the topic on a weekly basis and completed a one year follow-up. The results demonstrate that by the end of the semester 65% of the students indicated opposition to capital punishment. Moreover, one year after the class 73% of the students maintained some degree of opposition to capital punishment. The difficulties associated with assessing attitudinal change as a result of participating in a class and reasons for the discrepancy between the findings of this study and previous research are discussed.
Flippin': Filipinos on America

Flippin': Filipinos on America. Edited by Luis H. Francia and Eric Gamalinda. New York: Asian American Writers' Workshop. 1996. 377 pages. $14.95 paper. In "Culturally We Are All Mestizos" (Budhi, II, 1998) Fernando N. Zialcita argues that Filipino identity is neither schizophrenic nor bastardized, as it is sometimes carelessly described, but simply crossculturally complex. As the second largest archipelago in the world, the Philippines already was habitat for linguistically discrete tribes never nationally unified until Spanish, then American, colonization. Furthermore, even though both colonial powers were Western, the influences they had on the islanders were not only varied but occasionally diametrically opposite. The resultant confused/enriched efforts at coexistence (including not just Hispanization or Americanization of Philippine society but Filipinization of the "invaders/intruders" as well) justify Zialicita's description of the Philippines' culture, in Southeast Asia, as similar to the development of Mexico's mestizaje. When to all of these mixed origins one adds the complicated overseas attempts to define what is Filipino-American (or American-Filipino), one is prepared to recognize the rich contents of Flippin' whose apparently flippant title really means to suggest the two-sidedness of the "currency" that connects American-born Filipinos, those F.O.B. ("fresh off the boat"), those with kindred and therefore welcoming homes in both worlds, as well as those of different generations and classifications: those writers established and those emergent. Each "side" of the coin is itself many-sided; and this collection of stories and poems, happily, is only one of a slowly increasing number offering partial representation and definition of "the" Filipino-American. (One may recall, for example, Luis Francia's larger anthology, Brown River, White Ocean--Rutgers, 1993--which he continues to misrepresent as "seminal," despite major precedents in this country as long ago as the sixties, from which a number of entries in Francia were borrowed--without acknowledgement.) Among the most venerable authors presented are N.V.M. Gonzalez (declared National Artist in 1998, after spending decades on the faculty of California State University-Hayward), Sionil Jose (whose epic series on the Ilocanos of Rosales is gradually appearing under the Random House imprint), Linda Ty-Casper, and poets Carlos Bulosan and Carlos Angeles. The arrivistes include Ninotchka Rosca, Jessica Hagedorn, Eric Gamalinda, and Alfred Yuson; the "emergents," Marianne Villanueva, Eileen Tabios, Nick Carbo, and Fatima Lim-Wilson. …
Genetic influences on composite neural activations supporting visual target identification.

Abstract Behavior genetic studies of brain activity associated with complex cognitive operations may further elucidate the genetic and physiological underpinnings of basic and complex neural processing. In the present project, monozygotic (N = 51 pairs) and dizygotic (N = 48 pairs) twins performed a visual oddball task with dense-array EEG. Using spatial PCA, two principal components each were retained for targets and standards; wavelets were used to obtain time-frequency maps of eigenvalue-weighted event-related oscillations for each individual. Distribution of inter-trial phase coherence (ITC) and single trial power (STP) over time indicated that the early principal component was primarily associated with ITC while the later component was associated with a mixture of ITC and STP. Spatial PCA on point-by-point broad sense heritability matrices revealed data-derived frequency bands similar to those well established in EEG literature. Biometric models of eigenvalue-weighted time-frequency data suggest a link between physiology of oscillatory brain activity and patterns of genetic influence.
The Effect of Environmental Illumination on Embryonic Development in Periplaneta americana

The dark brown protective egg casing (ootheca) of Periplaneta americana (L.) is translucent. During the incubation period, there is a significant inverse relationship between mean nymphal body weight, and amount of illumination. Viability and number of nymphs produced by each ootheca are independent of environmental illumination.
DNA, AND: A meditation on pandrogeny

Never before has a generation felt such a rage to live, destroy gender, destroy the control of DNA and the expected. Every man and woman is a man and woman. – Lady Jaye Breyer P-Orridge In their “p...
Aromatase Inhibitors and Breast Cancer

The influence of estrogens on the growth of breast cancer has been recognized since Beatson first performed ovariectomies on breast cancer patients a century ago (Beatson, 1896). Pharmacological approaches have now largely replaced surgical procedures as means of reducing estrogen concentrations and limiting its actions. Two treatment strategies for reducing the effects of estrogens are proving to be therapeutically effective. These are inhibition of estrogen action by antiestrogens that interact with estrogen receptors in the tumor, and inhibition of estrogen production by inhibitors of aromatase (estrogen synthetase). Until recently, all antiestrogens were known to be weak or partial estrogen agonists in addition to being antagonists. Inhibitors of aromatase, acting by a different mechanism, are not associated with estrogenic activity. We therefore postulated that more complete estrogen blockade might result in greater tumor response.
Diffraction from polymerized membranes: flat vs. crumpled

We show that the directionally averaged structure function S(q) for computer-simulated membranes, which are flat but have a nontrivial scaling in their thickness, scales in the same way as the crumpled state. We compare the simulations with graphite oxide and the spectrin network, which are being studied experimentally.
Speleonectes Gironensis, New Species (Remipedia: Speleonectidae), from Anchialine Caves in Cuba, with Remarks on Biogeography and Ecology

A species of the crustacean class Remipedia is reported for the first time from Cuba. Speleonectes gironensis, new species, is described from anchialine caves on the south-central coast near Playa Giron. Comparisons with other species of the genus are discussed. A key to the genus plus brief remarks on biogeography and ecology are included.
Measurements of the thermal emissivity of a superconducting niobium film

The radiative exchange of heat between a superconducting Nb film at 4.2 K and a Ti film at 4.2-11 K has been measured. A Nb-coated quartz sphere was used as a bolometer to measure total heat absorbed, from which an effective emissivity was derived. Under these conditions the effective emissivity of the Nb film is about 3%.
Extracting conditional component dependence for distributed robotic systems

Modern robotics systems rely on distributed event-based frameworks to facilitate the assembly of software out of collections of reusable components. These frameworks express component dependencies in data that encode event publish-subscribe relations. This loosely coupled architecture makes it difficult for developers to understand the dependencies and to predict the impacts of a change to a component as the components grow in number and complexity. Moreover, this encoding of dependencies renders traditional techniques for analyzing component dependencies inapplicable, because the dependencies are bound by communication channels rather than data. In this work, we present a program analysis technique that automatically extracts a model of component dependencies from distributed system source code. This model identifies not only the temporal dependencies among components, but also the conditions under which those dependencies are realized. We have implemented the analysis and applied it to systems developed in ROS. The resulting models are succinct and precise, which suggests that programmers will find them comprehensible, and they can be used to document important global dependencies in a system, to compare different versions to identify the impacts of component changes, and to help locate errors.
Cousin Marriage in Victorian England

Cousin marriage, a common practice among preindustrial propertied classes and usually arranged by the families for economic reasons, continued as a marriage pattern among middle-class Victorians, for whom individual choice based on romantic love was the appropriate criterion for the selection of a marriage partner. This article argues that many Victorians married cousins as surrogates for beloved nuclear family members, toward whom strong attachments, accompanied by power ful unconscious incestuous feelings, were engendered in the privatized, emotionally intense, nineteenth-century home. This argument is supported by an analysis of specific Victorian cousin marriages. This article examines the late nineteenth-century controversy over the dangers of cousin marriage, and attributes its decline in the twentieth century to medical opposition and the changing psychodynamics of English family life.
Effects of generic ractopamine (Engain) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and cutability of finishing barrows and gilts

ABSTRACT The objectives were to test the effects of generic ractopamine (Engain; Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI) on growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 220 pigs were fed 0 mg/kg (CON) or 10 mg/kg generic ractopamine (gRAC) for 28 d before slaughter. Barrows fed gRAC were 5.22 kg (4.13%) heavier (P
The impact of shock wave therapy at varied energy and dose levels on functional and structural changes in erectile tissue

OBJECTIVES: Only minimal literature exists on consequences of shock wave therapy (SWT) on erectile function in treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD). This study was undertaken to define SWT impact at varied energy/dose levels at different time points on functional and structural changes in erectile tissue. METHODS: In 45 rats 2000 shock waves (sw) at 2 BAR were applied to the penis weekly sorted by one, two, and three sessions (high-dose/energy level, HD-1, HD-2, HD-3). Each group was followed for 1, 7, or 28 d before measuring intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Fifteen control animals (C1, C7, C28) underwent anesthesia alone. Another 15 animals were exposed to three SWT sessions applying 1000 sw at 1 BAR and analyzed identically (low-dose/energy level, LD-3-1, -7, -28). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling assay was used to define the apoptotic index (AI) and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining was prepared to evaluate smooth muscle-to-collagen ratios. RESULTS: ICP/MAP ratios for all C groups displayed a mean of 64%. All SWT groups demonstrated significantly reduced ICP/MAP ratios compared to their corresponding C groups (p 0.05). AIs for the LD-3 groups were significantly lower compared to the HD-3 groups (p<0.001), but all AIs were significantly increased compared to C groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, at both energy/dose levels, SWT resulted in a time- and treatment-dependent reduction of ICP/MAP ratios, which might be mediated partly through apoptosis and collagenization of corporal smooth muscle.
Mutagenicity studies of size-fractionated oil fly ash in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay.

It has been reported that fly ash collected from the stack breeching of a conventional coal-fired power plant contains mutagenic material which can be extracted into horse serum or organic solvents. This result caused concern that similar material might be present in the fly ash released from oil-burning power plants. By using the five tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium, the authors have demonstrated the presence of mutagens on oil fly ash collected from an oil-burning power plant.
Hallucinogenic Amphetamine Selectively Destroys Brain Serotonin Nerve Terminals

(+/-)-3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), an amphetamine analog with hallucinogenic activity, produced selective long-lasting reductions in the level of serotonin, the number of serotonin uptake sites, and the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain. Morphological studies suggested that these neurochemical deficits were due to serotonin nerve terminal degeneration. These results show that MDA has toxic activity for serotonin neurons in rats and raise the question of whether exposure to MDA and related hallucinogenic amphetamines can produce serotonin neurotoxicity in the human brain.
Report on a project on three-dimensional imaging of the biological cell by single-particle X-ray diffraction.

Single-particle X-ray diffraction is an extension of X-ray crystallography which allows the specimen to be any small solid-state bounded object; in Shapiro et al. [Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (2005), 102, 15343–15346] and Thibault et al. [Acta Cryst. (2006), A62, 248–261], the reader can find descriptions of a recent StonyBrook/Berkeley/Cornell two-dimensional imaging of a yeast cell by this technique. Our present work is aimed at extending the technique to the three-dimensional imaging of a cell. However, the usual method of doing that, namely rotating the specimen into many orientations in the X-ray beam, has not as yet given sufficiently good three-dimensional diffraction data to allow the work to go forward, the largest problem being the difficulty of preventing unwanted levels of change in the specimen through the extended exposure to a hostile environment of X-rays and, in some cases, high vacuum and/or extreme cold. The present paper discusses possible methods of dealing with this problem.
Ground motion hazard from supershear rupture

Abstract An idealized rupture, propagating smoothly near a terminal rupture velocity, radiates energy that is focused into a beam. For rupture velocity less than the S-wave speed, radiated energy is concentrated in a beam of intense fault-normal velocity near the projection of the rupture trace. Although confined to a narrow range of azimuths, this beam diverges and attenuates. For rupture velocity greater than the S-wave speed, radiated energy is concentrated in Mach waves forming a pair of beams propagating obliquely away from the fault. These beams do not attenuate until diffraction becomes effective at large distance. Events with supershear and sub-Rayleigh rupture velocity are compared in 2D plane-strain calculations with equal stress drop, fracture energy, and rupture length; only static friction is changed to determine the rupture velocity. Peak velocity in the sub-Rayleigh case near the termination of rupture is larger than peak velocity in the Mach wave in the supershear case. The occurrence of supershear rupture propagation reduces the most intense peak ground velocity near the fault, but it increases peak velocity within a beam at greater distances.
On the interpretation of income variables in discrete-choice models

Abstract In certain discrete-choice models, the unestimated function of income may be recovered. However, care must be taken lest inconsistency with choice theory result; the correct interpretation of income in such models affects the computation of quantities such as income elasticities.
Limited field of view spin echo MR imaging.

Abstract Several groups have reported using a method of limiting the field of view (FOV) where the slices excited by the 90 and 180 degree pulses are perpendicular. However, only one slice can be excited during each repetition time, so multislice imaging is not possible. We present a modification of this method that allows multislice imaging. The slices excited by the 90° and 180° pulses are at a small angle; the field of view is limited and multislice imaging is possible. The modifications also allow the center of the FOV to be offset to any position. We describe the conditions that yield optimal images for the given FOV, slice thickness, and interslice gap. Representative images demonstrating the features of the technique are presented. The technique can be used to reduce the number of phase-encoding steps resulting in reduced imaging time, or it can be used to increase the spatial resolution without increasing the imaging time.
Merosymmetry versus merohedrism

While crystal classes based upon symmetry furnish a clear-cut classification of crystals free from ambiguity and uncertainty, there are cogent reasons for recognizing the larger groups called systems. It is important to recognize crystal systems, not only on account of physical properties, but also on account of the difficulty of assigning some crystals to their appropriate class. For example, a crystal consisting of a tetragonal prism and a pinakoid may belong to any one of seven classes. For the time being it is placed in the tetragonal system. When it is carefully investigated and its symmetry determined it may be assigned to the proper class. Contrary to statements that have been made, we can have, and do have, a two-fold classification in geometrical crystallography—the thirty-two classes based upon symmetry, and the six systems based upon properties that certain classes have in common. In the opinion of the writer the most satisfactory set of names for the crystal classes is the one based upon names of general forms. These names of Groth are comparatively simple, consistent, and lend themselves to international usage.
Pulse-pattern sensitivity in the frontal eye field of the macaque monkey.

Electrical microstimulation is widely used to examine causal links between the activity of specific brain areas and behavioral function, as well as in treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. Experimentally, microstimulation is often considered as mimicking natural activity ([
Fulfilling the Promise of Content Management

L'A. indique la marche a suivre aux responsables des technologies de l'information qui souhaitent implementer un systeme de gestion de contenu (GC) dans l'entreprise avec les meilleures chances de succes. Il retrace tout d'abord la genese des outils de GC, apparus pour mieux servir l'industrie de l'edition, et qui se sont par la suite tournes vers les nouveaux editeurs du Web. Aujourd'hui, avant de decider de mettre en place et de choisir un systeme de GC, il convient notamment de consulter differents analystes, de determiner si la solution doit concerner toute l'entreprise ou un seul departement, de preparer un plan d'implementation en fonction des differents besoins, de prendre en compte les difficultes liees aux processus de l'entreprise plus que les difficultes techniques, et de faire appel a des consultants adequats.
Stiffness identification of a tall building during construction period using ambient tests

Ambient response measurements were made on an eighteen-storey building at three different stages of construction to detect any changes in the frequencies, mode shapes and stiffness with construction. The first nine frequencies and corresponding mode shapes for each stage of construction are found. A comparison is made among these mode shapes and frequencies and with the mode shapes and frequencies of an analytical model incorporating beams, columns, shear walls, panels and diagonal elements. The added effects, on frequencies and mode shapes, of non-structural elements such as stairs, elevators, claddings and partition walls are studied. Using Improved Statistical Structural Identification, an attempt is made to study the stiffening effect of non-structural elements by updating the stiffness matrix of the building.
Assessment of Scoliosis Using Three-Dimensional Analysis

A computerized radiographic method is described for assessing scoliosis. Three radiographs of the spine are exposed using a specially constructed device to fix the positions of the films and the patient. Computer-generated color graphics displays are utilized to present objective and subjective information to the user. The system was validated by using phantoms and it is currently implemented in the clinic, where it is being used to obtain reconstructions of the spine and other spinal data.