cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A YBa2 Cluster Based on Simple Ligands (OtBu)

Reaction of a 1:2 mixture of Y[N(SiMe3)2]3 and Ba[N(SiMe3)2]2 with tBuOH (8 mol equivalents) in Et2O at 25°C yields YBa2(OtBu)7(tBuOH), which has a triangular structure with two μ3-OtBu and three μ2-OtBu ligands, one terminal OtBu on Y and on one Ba, and one terminal tBuOH on the second Ba. All metals are thus five-coordinate. The crystal structure is comprised of chains of triangles of triangles held together by hydrogen bonds from tBuOH of one YBa2 unit to the terminal OtBu on Ba of the next YBa2 unit. This serves as support for the idea that, in certain cases, the heterometallic alkoxide product from alcoholysis of a mixture of two metal complexes can faithfully duplicate the global solution metal stoichiometry.
Naltrexone plus group therapy for the treatment of opiate-abusing health-care professionals

Abstract Purpose : The success rate of a treatment program tailored to opioid-abuing health-care professionals that included oral naltrexone and group therapy was studied. Methods : 20 opioid-abusing health professionals were treated over a 5-year-period. Clients received an initial assessment, supervised administration of naltrexone, and weekly attendance at a psychotherapy group for health professionals. Naltrexone was administered for the first several months, then patients continued the program without naltrexone. Results : 18 patients were referred to the program after being caught diverting medication. Two patients came spontaneously. Of the 18 referred patients, 12 had no relapses, and 5 had only one relapse, followed by long-term sobriety. Mean overall duration of naltrexone administration was 8 months, and the mean duration in the program was 1.9 years. 94% of referred clients had long term abstinence, and 66% were working in their profession during the program. Conclusions : Naltrexone in the setting of a structured program is helpful in the treatment and professional reinstatement of opioid abusing health professionals.
A comparison of noninvasive cardiac output measurement by partial carbon dioxide rebreathing with the lithium dilution technique in anesthetized foals

Newer techniques for cardiac output (Q) determinations that are minimally invasive remain to be validated in neonatal foals against other accepted techniques such as the lithium technique (LiDCO). This study compares Q determinations using the partial CO2 rebreathing technique (NICO) with LiDCO in anesthetized neonatal foals. Ten foals were instrumented for NICO and LiDCO determinations. For each foal low, intermediate and high levels of cardiac output were achieved in that order using an end-tidal isoflurane (ETI) concentration of 1.3 – 2.1% for the lowest rate; an ETI of 0.85–1.4% and a constant-rate infusion of dobutamine (1–3 ?g/kg/min) for the intermediate rate; and an ETI of 0.83–1% and dobutamine (2–6 ?g/kg/min) for the highest rate. Four foals also received IV intermittent doses (total cumulative dose of 1.1–1.7 mg) of phenylephrine at the highest rate of Q. The measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate for each Q technique after achieving a stable hemodynamic plane for at least 15 minutes at each rate of Q. For the lithium technique, all foals received 1.1–1.9 mL (0.16–0.28 mmol) of lithium. A Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare the bias and precision of the two techniques. Eighty seven comparisons were determined between the two techniques. Eight were excluded due to more than 20% variation between the LiDCO determinations or technical errors at the time of determination. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.67 for all Q determinations. Mean LiDCO and NICO values from 79 measurements were 130 ± 40 mL–1 kg minute–1 (range, 68– 237) and 152 ± 31 mL–1 kg minute–1 (89 – 209), respectively. The mean ( mL–1 kg minute–1) of the differences of LiDCO – NICO was = –0.7248 + 0.8602 NICO. The precision (1.96 SD) of the differences between LiDCO and NICO was 58.9 mL–1 kg minute–1 (–80.9–+36.9) with a mean difference of –22 mL–1 kg minute–1 (bias; 95% CI – 15.2 to -28.7). In conclusion, given the small bias compared to the limits of agreement, the NICO technique for determining Q deserves further consideration for adoption into clinical practice in neonatal foals.
Fuzzy-logic control of an inverted pendulum with vision feedback

In this paper, the authors present an experimental setup of a fuzzy-logic controller of an inverted pendulum that uses vision feedback. The experimental testbed is used at Oregon State University, USA, in senior and first-year graduate courses on automatic control systems to illustrate the usefulness and limitations of this approach. The results that are obtained support the claim, within certain limits, that it is possible to control an inverted pendulum using fuzzy-logic control and vision feedback.
Project-Based Writing in Science

It is incredible to consider that writing has not always been an integral part of the science curriculum. After all, the world’s greatest scientists are known as much for what they wrote as what they contributed to science.
Shape Memory Polymer Research

The past several years have witnessed significant advances in the field of shape memory polymers (SMPs) with the elucidation of new compositions for property tuning, the discovery of new mechanisms for shape fixing and recovery, and the initiation of phenomenological modeling. We critically review research findings on new shape memory polymers along these lines, emphasizing exciting progress in the areas of composites, novel recovery triggering, and new application developments.
Modeled and Observed Empirical Orthogonal Functions of Currents in the Yucatan Channel, Gulf of Mexico

[1] Candela et al. [2003] have reported empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses based on 23-month current-meter and acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements in the Yucatan Channel. Those authors noted the difference between EOFs obtained from observations and their z-level models and EOFs calculated by Ezer et al. [2003] from the results of a terrain-following model. Here a new analysis is reported that explains this difference, and that also suggests the importance of shelf-edge meander mode of the core Loop Current in the channel. We show that the terrain-following model gives EOFs with characteristics similar to those observed when data from the upper slope and shelf in the western portion of the model channel are omitted. Modes 1 and 2 have tripole and dipole structures with energies (35%, 26%), respectively, of total energy, and correlate with ‘‘slow’’ vacillation of the core-current for periods >50 days. Exclusion of upper-slope and shelf data eliminates a short-period and energetic component inherent in Ezer et al.’s original mode 1 EOF. This mode correlates with frontal meanders of the core current over the shelf edge in the western portion of the channel. The short-period mode may be missing or underestimated in observational and z-level models’ analyses, since there were only a few moorings over the upper slope and shelf, and z-level models have step-like topography with generally lower resolution in shallower seas. INDEX TERMS: 4576 Oceanography: Physical: Western boundary currents; 4219 Oceanography: General: Continental shelf processes; 4255 Oceanography: General: Numerical modeling; KEYWORDS: Yucatan Channel, EOFs, frontal meanders
Bookmarking genes for activation in condensed mitotic chromosomes

A hallmark feature of mitosis is the extinction of bulk cellular transcription. The mechanism by which transcription is abrogated is likely linked to mitotic specific events such as chromosome condensation. Recent studies1,2 that probe the structure of genes that can be reactivated rapidly after mitotic repression (early G1) suggest that there are structural distortions in the promoter regions of these genes. These distortions are absent in genes that are typically repressed or reactivated in later phases of the cell cycle (late G1, S, or G2). Such changes in the chromatin structure of these genes may create a transient window for transcription factor binding and rapid reactivation of genes in subsequent phases of the cell cycle. BioEssays20:275–279, 1998.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hardware acceleration prospects and challenges for high performance computing

High performance computing (HPC) has often benefited from special-purpose hardware. This paper examines the potential roles for several different approaches to hardware acceleration that are currently being deployed in HPC systems. Because each technology has different performance characteristics, as well as practical considerations (such as electrical consumption, physical interface, and cost), a match of these characteristics to the desired HPC workload is desirable. Technologies discussed include multicore processors, chip multithreading, graphics processing units, field-programmable gate arrays, Cell processors, and vector processors.
Patterns of Chromosomal Duplication in Maize and Their Implications for Comparative Maps of the Grasses

The maize genome contains extensive chromosomal duplication. The first hints of duplication came from cytological studies (McClintock 1930, 1933; Snope 1967; Ting 1966) that were later corroborated by linkage studies (Rhoades 1951, 1955; Goodman et al. 1980; McMillin and Scandalios 1980; Wendel et al. 1986, 1989). However, the extent of duplication was not appreciated fully until the advent of molecular maps (Helentjaris et al. 1988; Ahn and Tanksley 1993). Comparative mapping studies have identified roughly 10 duplicate (or homologous) chromosomal regions in maize, all of which share homology with a rice chromosome (Ahn and Tanksley 1993; Moore et al. 1995a; Gale and Devos 1998a; Wilson et al. 1999). The extent of chromosomal duplication suggests that maize, a diploid with 10 chromosomes (2x = 20), had a polyploid origin (Anderson 1945; Rhoades 1951; Helentjaris et al. 1988; Gaut et al. 2000). Characterizing patterns of chromosomal duplication within maize contributes to our understanding of genome relationships among grasses (Bennetzen and Freeling 1993, 1997; Gale and Devos 1998b). Genome relationships among grasses ostensibly provide a basis for predicting the location of functionally important genes (Leister et al. 1998; Peng et al. 1999). However, the current methods used to identify chromosomal homology from molecular maps have serious shortcomings. The most important shortcoming is the lack of objective criteria for identifying duplicated regions. In some cases, investigators rely on the poorly defined (Passarge et al. 1999) concept of synteny (in this context, shared molecular markers between chromosomes) to define regions of chromosomal homology, and in other cases colinearity (shared markers and shared order) is used as evidence for chromosomal duplications. Even when the more rigorous concept of colinearity is used, individual studies are often unclear as to the number and distribution of colinear markers that are used to define homologous regions. This study outlines the development of a simulation method to test for the statistical significance of marker colinearity between chromosomes and the application of the method to the UMC98 map (Davis et al. 1999), the largest molecular marker map of maize to date. Colinearity tests indicate that homology among maize chromosomes is more extensive than previously documented. The results have important implications for understanding the organization and evolution of the maize genome.
Effects of Population Density on Layer Performance

Four experiments were conducted to study the effects of population density on layer performance. in each experiment, 20-wk--old White leghorn pullets were housed in 30.5 x 50.8 cm cages at the rate of one, two, three, and four birds per cage for Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. in Experiment 4, there were three additional treatments: for Treatments 5, 6, and 7, birds were placed into identical cages (30.5 x 50.8 cm) at the rate of three, two, and three birds per cage, respectively, at 20 wk of age. At 28 wk of age, one bird was removed from each cage in Treatment 5, and one bird was added to each cage in Treatments 6 and 7. In the first three experiments, all eggs that were collected for 2 consecutive d every 8 wk starting at 28 wk of age were used to measure egg traits. In Experiment 4, egg traits were determined once at 52 week of age. Birds at the highest population density had the lowest percentage hen-day egg production and had one of the poorest feed efficiencies. Egg production was negatively correlated (P .05) affect egg production or feed efficiency. Final BW, mortality, and egg weight were not (P > .05) affected by population density. Only in one out of the four experiments was feed consumption (Experiment 1), eggshell thickness (Experiment 2), or albumen height (Experiment 3 lowered (P < or = .05) by having more than one bird per cage. This study showed that increasing population density decreased laying performance of the birds.
Design space exploration using the genetic algorithm

A typical VLSI layout problem involves the simultaneous optimization of a number of competing criteria. Rather than generating a single compromise solution, some recent approaches explicitly explores the design space and outputs a set of alternative solutions, thereby providing explicit information on the possible tradeoffs. This paper discuss the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for design space exploration and propose a solution set quality measure needed to evaluate the performance of set-generating algorithms. A GA for building-block placement is evaluated using the proposed measure and promising results are obtained.
Do Medicaid benefit expansions have teeth? The effect of Medicaid adult dental coverage on the use of dental services and oral health ☆

This article examines the effect of Medicaid adult dental coverage on use of dental care and dental health outcomes using state-level variation in dental coverage during 2000-2012. Our findings imply that dental coverage is associated with an increase in the likelihood of a recent dental visit, with the size of the effect increasing with Medicaid payment rates to dentists, and a reduction in the likelihood of untreated dental caries. We are among the first to detect an effect of Medicaid coverage on a clinical health outcome other than mortality. These findings may have implications for states expanding Medicaid coverage to adults with incomes of up to 138% of the federal poverty threshold under the Affordable Care Act as most of these states offer an adult dental benefit.
An Empirical Scale to Measure Type and Degree of Acculturation in Mexican American Adolescents and Adults

This article describes a self-report instrument designed to measure type and degree of acculturation in Mexican-American adolescents and adults. The proposed instrument can be used to measure levels of acculturation on five relatively orthogonal dimensions: intrafamily language usage, extrafamily language usage, social affiliations and activities, cultural familiarity and activities, and cultural identification and pride. The inventory can also be used to generate separate estimates of cultural resistance, cultural incorporation, and cultural shift, and to identify dominant or nondominant cultural lifestyle tendencies. Empirical data concerning the content and construct validity, temporal stability, internal consistency, and equivalence of the Spanish and English versions of the scale are presented and discussed.
Identification of Mom7, a Novel Modifier of ApcMin/+ on Mouse Chromosome 18

The ApcMin mouse model of colorectal cancer provides a discrete, quantitative measurement of tumor multiplicity, allowing for robust quantitative trait locus analysis. This advantage has previously been used to uncover polymorphic modifiers of the Min phenotype: Mom1, which is partly explained by Pla2g2a; Mom2, a spontaneous mutant modifier; and Mom3, which was discovered in an outbred cross. Here, we describe the localization of a novel modifier, Mom7, to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 18. Mom7 was mapped in crosses involving four inbred strains: C57BL/6J (B6), BTBR/Pas (BTBR), AKR/J (AKR), and A/J. There are at least two distinct alleles of Mom7: the recessive, enhancing BTBR, AKR, and A/J alleles and the dominant, suppressive B6 allele. Homozygosity for the enhancing alleles increases tumor number by approximately threefold in the small intestine on both inbred and F1 backgrounds. Congenic line analysis has narrowed the Mom7 region to within 7.4 Mb of the centromere, 28 Mb proximal to Apc. Analysis of SNP data from various genotyping projects suggests that the region could be as small as 4.4 Mb and that there may be five or more alleles of Mom7 segregating among the many strains of inbred mice. This has implications for experiments involving ApcMin and comparisons between different or mixed genetic backgrounds.
Knapsack Feasibility as an Absolute Value Equation Solvable by Successive Linear Programming

We formulate the NP-hard n-dimensional knapsack feasibility problem as an equivalent absolute value equation (AVE) in an n-dimensional noninteger real variable space and propose a finite succession of linear programs for solving the AVE. Exact solutions are obtained for 1,880 out of 2,000 randomly generated consecutive knapsack feasibility problems with dimensions between 500 and one million. For the 120 approximately solved problems the error consists of exactly one noninteger component with value in (0, 1), which when replaced by 0, results in a relative error of less than 0.04%. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the knapsack feasibility problem in terms of minimizing a concave quadratic function on a polyhedral set. Average time for solving exactly a million-variable knapsack feasibility problem was less than 14 s on a 4 GB machine.
Processing and secretion of nerve growth factor: expression in mammalian cells with a vaccinia virus vector.

To study posttranslational mechanisms for the control of nerve growth factor (NGF), we used a recombinant vaccinia virus vector to independently express the two major NGF transcripts in a variety of mammalian cell lines. The two major transcripts contain NGF (12.5 kilodaltons [kDa]) at the C-terminus and differ by alternative splicing of an N-terminal exon, so that the large precursor (34 kDa) had 67 amino acids upstream of an internal signal peptide and the smaller precursor (27 kDa) had this signal peptide at its N-terminus. In L929 cells, expression of either NGF transcript with the vaccinia virus vector gave rise to an apparently identical intracellular 35-kDa glycosylated precursor formed by cleavage of the primary gene product after the signal peptide. These cells also secreted biologically active NGF. To determine whether NGF processing is restricted by cell type, we infected a variety of mammalian cell lines with both recombinant viruses; all accumulated the same 35-kDa precursor and secreted NGF. Thus, many types of cells have the machinery to process and secrete NGF. However, NGF accumulated intracellularly (presumably in secretory granules) in cells with a regulated pathway of secretion (e.g., AtT-20 and HIT cells). In these cells, a membrane-permeable cyclic AMP analog, 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, stimulated NGF secretion. This suggests a mechanism for the regulation of NGF levels in which specific secretagogues, e.g., neurotransmitters, control NGF secretion.
Fetal nasal bone: Review of first trimester findings

In 1866, Langdon Down included in his observation of individuals with the syndrome that would come to bear his name the following statements: ‘‘The nose is small. The face is flat and broad, and destitute of prominence’’ [1]. The prenatal diagnosis involves an invasive procedure, which carries a 1% risk of fetal loss [2]. Since every woman has a risk of this form of aneuploidy, extensive research has been done to identify markers that would identify fetuses at risk of having this condition. The phenotypic appearance of a small nose, which may range from a complete absence of the nasal bone to diminished nasal bone length, has been seen during the prenatal period. There is a hope that the evaluation of the fetal nasal bone (NB) can add to our armamentarium and allow us to increase our sensitivity for detecting Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and ultimately limit the number of women who need an invasive procedure. It has now become possible to delineate the risk of trisomy 21 based on an evaluation of NB between 11 and 14 weeks [3–5]. The association between the absent NB seen on ultrasound and trisomy 21 was observed in a review of videotape recordings of first-trimester ultrasounds of three fetuses with trisomy 21 which showed absence of or small NB 2/3 fetuses [6]. Afterwards, in a prospective study of 701 fetuses, absent NB was found in 43/59 (73%) fetuses with trisomy 21, compared to 21/603 (0.5%) euploid fetuses. This association between trisomy 21 and absent NB was seen in a smaller study where the nasal bone was absent in 3/5 (60%) fetuses with trisomy 21 compared to 1/175 (0.6%) fetuses with normal chromosomes [7]. Larger studies came out later that demonstrated the effectiveness of using the absent nasal bone in the first trimester. A study of 5525 fetuses found absent NB in 70% of trisomy 21 fetuses compared with 0.5% of fetuses with normal fetuses [8]. In their latest assessment of the absent fetal nasal bone in a multiethnic population of 3788, Cicero et al. found an absent nasal bone in 161/242 (66.9%) of trisomy 21 fetuses compared to 93/3358 (2.3%) of fetuses
Landscape conservation through residential subdivision bylaws: Explanations for local adoption

Abstract Subdivision bylaws influence the shape and character of open space within and across communities. Cluster subdivisions and conservation subdivision designs are intended to conserve open spaces and natural resources. Beyond antidotal evidence, however, explanations for why communities choose to adopt bylaws that permit these residential developments are not well understood. The purpose of this research is to identify predictors of subdivision bylaw choice. Data is derived from a survey of planners of cities and towns in the state of Massachusetts, U.S., and an ordered logit regression model is used to identify factors that influence bylaw adoption. The results indicate controversy over residential development increases the adoption of more conservation oriented residential development bylaws. The analysis also provides evidence of the influence planning capacity, local land use characteristics, and population characteristics have on local decisions.
Early nicotine withdrawal and transdermal nicotine effects on neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia

As cigarette smoking prevalence rates approach 90% in schizophrenia, an important emerging question is the role of nicotine in the disease-related disturbance in cognition. We therefore tested a total of 38 male cigarette smokers (22 schizophrenia, 16 normal control), matched on nicotine dependence, on the Attention Network Test (ANT) at three nicotine conditions (baseline, 8 h overnight withdrawal, 3 h 21 mg nicotine patch). The results indicated that the groups did not differ in performance on either of three ANT measures (alertness, orienting, and executive) across baseline, patch, and withdrawal conditions. However, in comparison to the controls, the participants with schizophrenia showed faster ANT reaction time (RT) for the nicotine patch in relation to the baseline condition. In comparison to controls, the participants with schizophrenia also showed reduced ANT accuracy at withdrawal but not at patch condition. These results suggest that overall processing speed and accuracy are affected differently by nicotine levels in participants with schizophrenia, with evidence supporting greater impairment from withdrawal and greater improvement from nicotine administration.
Using the Internet as a Supplemental Instructional Tool for Biology Teachers

PAUL Baran conceived of the Internet, a communications network that is organized in a ‘‘net,’’ rather than in a straight line, point-to-point chain. In 1969, the first site, or ‘‘host,’’ was established for the first computer network at UCLA, followed by hosts at Stanford, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. By 1971, this ‘‘net’’ had grown to 15 sites, and by 1973, the ‘‘net’’ was connected internationally. The word ‘‘Internet’’ was finally used for the first time in 1982 (1). By 1984, the number of hosts exceeded 1000; by 1987, the number exceeded 10,000; and by 1989, it surpassed 100,000 (2). The World Wide Web (WWW), which uses text, graphics and audio to present information, was conceived by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 (3). In 1992, the WWW was released to the public (4), and the number of hosts exceeded 1,000,000 (2). Use of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) has increased dramatically in the recent past. The explosive growth of the Internet has created a large array of information on myriad subjects. This offers a unique opportunity for teachers to increase their effectiveness of instruction. A recent Nielsen survey determined that 47% of people use their computers for business purposes (5). Of this 47%, education is the most prevalent primary business activity cited, accounting for 16.7% of respondents. Health/medical/dental business activity accounts for 4.2% and research/development/laboratory activity accounts for only 1.3% of respondents. Another recent survey indicates that the number of Americans using the Internet is nearly 10 million, with almost 8 million of these users accessing the WWW. Over half of these Internet users began using the Internet as recently as 1995 (5). One other survey found that corporate users make up almost half (46.0%) of all Internet users, whereas academic users (15%) lag behind even recreational consumers (27.0%) (6). Thus, although the Internet is especially useful for scientists, its use is still limited for scientific endeavors. That is unfortunate,
Are Housing First Programs Effective? A Research Note

This paper briefly reviews studies comparing the effectiveness of various Housing First programs to Continuum of Care programs for outcomes related to housing retention, substance use, and mental health. A literature search was completed entering the search term "Housing First" in electronic databases (PsycINFO, JSTOR, and Web of Science) to find potential studies. Of the 67 items produced by the literature search, after screening for outcome studies of Housing First programs that evaluate housing retention, substance use, and/or mental health in comparison to other programs or treatment as usual, 5 final studies were selected for inclusion in the review. Of the five studies selected, all had recruited samples of either chronically homeless individuals or homeless individuals with a mental health diagnosis, and all reported results favored Housing First programs over Continuum of Care programs for housing retention. Substance use and mental health outcomes generally stayed constant regardless of program type.While Housing First does appear to show strong promise, the methodological flaws in the studies revewied, including strong research affiliation with the Housing First agencies being evaluated, calls for more rigorous studies to be completed by more objective investigators.
Type 2 Diabetes Self-management Among Spanish-Speaking Hispanic Immigrants

This article describes the quantitative findings of a mixed-methods study that examined the relationship among knowledge, self-efficacy, health promoting behaviors, and type 2 diabetes self-management among recent Spanish-speaking, limited English proficient immigrants to the US. This population is at risk for both a higher incidence of disease and increased barriers to successful disease management compared to the general US population. Distinguishing aspects of this study compared to the available literature are the comprehensive nature of the data collected, the theoretical component, and the analysis and modeling approach. Social cognitive theory provides the framework for the study design and analysis. An innovative community-based recruiting strategy was used, a broad range of physiological measures related to health were observed, and instruments related to knowledge, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle behaviors were administered orally in Spanish to 30 participants. A broad range of statistical analysis methods was applied to the data, including a set of three structural equation models. The study results are consistent with the importance of education, health knowledge, and healthy lifestyle practices for type 2 diabetes self-management. With the usual cautions associated with applying structural equation modeling to modest sample sizes, multiple elements of the posited theoretical model were consistent with the data collected. The results of the investigation of this under-studied population indicate that, on average, participants were not effectively managing their disease. The results suggest that clinical interventions focused on improving knowledge, nutrition, and physical activity, reducing stress, and leveraging the importance of interpersonal relations could be effective intervention strategies to improve self-management among this population.
Metal and Polycrystalline Silicon Reactions

The effects of dopant and microstructure on the reaction between metal and silicon are discussed. Dopants affect not only the kinetics of silicide formation, but also the microstructure of the polysilicon films. The growth of anomalously large grains, along with dopant depletion, in P-doped polycrystalline Si films annealed at 700° C in the presence of a neighboring TiSi2 film has been observed. The unusual grain growth is postulated to be driven by a large electrostatic force on a moving grain boundary due to an inhomogeneous dopant depletion.
Prevalence of sedating medication use among older drivers presenting in the emergency department

BACKGROUND: Adults over the age of 65 are involved in more motor vehicle collisions per mile driven than those under 65. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sedating medication use among older drivers, and their recall of advice given by medical professionals about potential for these medications to cause driving impairment. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of older adults (age ≥ 65) who had driven in the last 30 days, presenting at an urban emergency department. RESULTS: Of the 76 participants, 34 (44.7% [95%CI: 38.7, 50.7]) reported currently using sedating medications. No participants using sedating medications reported being advised by their prescriber about potential driving impairment caused by these medications. CONCLUSIONS: Given that none of the participants on sedating medications reported previous advice regarding the potential for these medications to cause driving impairment, this at-risk group might benefit from more thorough instruction to limit driving when using sedating medication.[Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2016-02.asp, free with no login]. Keywords: Driver distraction Language: en
The Role of Territoriality in the Social Organization of Harris' Hawks

ABsTAcr.-We studied territoriality and sociality in a population of Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) in Arizona during breeding and nonbreeding periods from 1984 to 1986. Our study area contained 22 to 26 breeding groups and density of nests averaged 1/2.0 km2. The number of hawks in breeding groups ranged from 2 to 7 and averaged 3.8. Hawks in breeding groups rarely ranged beyond 0.8 km from active nests, except to visit sources of water, and we did not observe overlap of hunting ranges in any groups. Hawks from different groups formed social aggregations in zones between nesting areas. Aggregations formed only during nonbreeding periods (autumn and winter) and the frequency of aggregations peaked approximately 3 weeks before egg laying. Aggregations averaged 5.9 hawks (range = 4-11), and were composed of members of 2 or 3 adjoining groups and transient hawks. Aggregations may allow potential immigrants to assess and be assessed by group members, and may provide benefits to participants via cooperative hunting. All aggressive behaviors observed during the study, except supplanting (i.e. one hawk replacing another at a perch), were more common between individuals in aggregations than in groups. The most intense aggressive behaviors (e.g. chasing and foot grabbing) were never observed between group members. Resident hawks chased trepassing conspecifics out of the nest area in all incursions observed during breeding and nonbreeding periods. Residents also showed aggression toward a trained conspecific released at 13 of 14 active nests. Our evidence that Harris' Hawks are territorial contradicts part of the information that has been used to reject the habitat saturation model for the development of cooperative breeding in this species. We propose that water, an important resource during the summer, may represent an ecological constraint that favors group living in Harris' Hawks in the Sonoran Desert. Received 29 May 1990, accepted 15 January 1991.
Chi-Square Difference Tests for Detecting Differential Functioning in a Multidimensional IRT Model A Monte Carlo Study

The performance of χ2 difference tests based on limited information estimation methods has not been extensively examined for differential functioning, particularly in the context of multidimensiona...
Overview: Modeling Heterogeneous Tumor Tissue as a Multiphase Material

Tumors are typically heterogeneous tissues comprised of multiple cell species in addition to extra-cellular matrix (ECM) and water fluid. It is difficult to model these components at the tissue (10-3-10-2m) scale, where individual cells cannot be represented without prohibitive computational burden. Assuming that same-kind components tend to cluster together, a multiphase approach can be applied to represent heterogeneous tumor tissue at this larger physical scale. This method enables simulating mixture of elements within tissues, e.g., geno-/phenotypic heterogeneity underlying mutation- or microenvironment-driven tumor progression. Further, by not explicitly tracking interfaces, this methodology facilitates realistic modeling of tissue in 3-D.
Investigation of antiepileptic drugs in 526 children with epilepsy

Objective To understand the use of antiepileptic drugs for children with epilepsy in our hospital and provide reference for clinical medication individualization.Methods The varieties of antiepileptic drugs,the blood drug levels and the situations of symptom control were analyzed from 526 outpatients with epilepsy in our hospital.Results Sodium Valproate and Carbamazepine were used mostly in our hospital.The blood drug levels and the epileptic symptoms were under control in 86% children with them.Conclusion The use of antiepileptic drugs was reasonable basically in our hospital.Pharmaceutical Services and clinical medication individualization should be strengthened during the processes of antiepileptic treatment.
The Power of Words

Our most powerful feeling is love, and love and sympathy were associated by the Romantics with intense knowledge. Keats spoke of a ‘fellowship with essence’, and in general the Romantics identify the potential relationship of mind and nature as a kind of loving kinship. Indeed love is supreme knowledge, an intimate union of subject and object. It is love, said Novalis, which makes knowledge possible.17 Love is ‘the most intense form of knowing’, the truest way to escape from the prison of private consciousness.18 This thesis and the Shelleyan yoking of love and imagination — “tis like thy light, / Imagination’ (Epipsychidion, 163–65) — bring us close to the center of the Romantic creed. To see the life in things, Schelling said, requires the power of love, the ability to project our spirit into the kindred life in nature. According to Solger, God lives in the world and in our consciousness as love. Without faith in Christ, without this highest love, Coleridge said, ‘no rational conviction of reality in any subject is possible’ (Tennemann, VIII, pt. 1, front leaves).
EU Global Strategy in a changing world: Brussels’ approach to the emerging powers

ABSTRACTThe world is entering a period of power transition, at the outcome of which some new form of global order (or disorder) is likely to emerge. Critical to this process is the interaction between the established powers, the USA and the European Union (EU), and the emerging powers, particularly China, Brazil, India and Russia. Many analysts have classified the EU as a declining power, a perception that has been enhanced with the triple crises of sovereignty that have rocked the Union since the mid-2000s (money, borders and defence). In this context, the publication of the EU Global Strategy was an opportunity for the EU to state clearly the nature of its ongoing and future relations with the rest of the world. This article argues that, in reality, Europe as a bloc (as opposed to its member states severally) has very limited purchase with the other major powers, and an ambivalent or ill-defined grasp of how to engage with them. They, for their part, have difficulty in knowing how to understand the EU a...
Book Review: The Skillful Teacher: On Technique, Trust, and Responsiveness in the Classroom (2nd Edition) by Stephen D. Brookfield (Jossey-Bass, 2006)

Excerpt: This second edition of Brookfield’s book covers a wide variety of topics relevant to the issue of effective teaching. A key addition is a chapter on online teaching, and material in other chapters has been updated as well. Brookfield presents numerous anecdotallyand research-based strategies for creating an effective classroom learning environment, including practical suggestions for facilitating classroom discussion, conducting formative evaluations of student learning, and grading class participation and essays. Many of Brookfield’s suggestions are also aimed at making the classroom environment rewarding for teachers; the aforementioned suggestions for grading class participation and essays are...
Effects of Copper Precursor Reactivity on the Shape and Phase of Copper Sulfide Nanocrystals

Controlling the crystal structure and shape and/or faceting of colloidal nanocrystals during growth through easily variable reaction parameters is highly desirable. The choice of precursors is one such parameter that can significantly impact achievable shapes and phases. Here, we examine how different Cu precursors in the synthesis of colloidal copper sulfide nanocrystals affect the resulting shape and crystal phase. An observed decreasing aspect ratio in one-dimensional nanorods (eventually transitioning to two-dimensional nanodisks) is consistent with the expected effects of decreasing Cu precursor reactivity. Nanorods are predominantly chalcocite at the early stages of growth, but a phase transition to djurleite occurs and is accompanied by a change in tip faceting upon further growth. In contrast, nanodisks appear in the djurleite phase early on and remain so upon continued growth. Localized surface plasmon resonance in various shapes of nanocrystals achieved is enhanced with chemical oxidation, and t...
Effects of water on low-overpotential CO2 reduction in ionic liquid studied by sum-frequency generation spectroscopy

We used vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) to investigate low-overpotential CO2 reduction on a polycrystalline Ag electrode using room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluorborate (EMIM-BF4) electrolyte mixtures with 0.3 mol%, 45 mol% and 77 mol% water. Adding water dramatically increases CO2 reduction efficiency up to 87.5 mol%. We found added water reduces the (negative) threshold potential for CO2 reduction from −1.33 V to −0.9 V. Added water also moved the potentials of the nonresonant (NR) SFG minima and caused the CO Stark shift to increase in concert with the reduction threshold. In previous work (N. Garcia Rey and D. D. Dlott, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2015, 119, 20892–20899), with nearly-dry RTIL electrolyte (0.3 mol% water), we concluded a potential-driven structural transition of RTIL in the double layer controlled CO2 reduction. At lower water concentrations, where CO2 reduction was less efficient, CO product appeared primarily on Ag atop sites. At higher water concentrations where CO2 reduction efficiency was greater, adsorbed CO was observed on multiply-bonded sites, which are likely more efficient catalytic sites.
A classification of particle motions in the equatorial plane of a gravitational monopole-quadrupole field in Newtonian mechanics and general relativity

The motion of particles in a gravitational monopole-quadrupole field is considered both in Newtonian mechanics and the general theory of relativity. The Newtonian calculations are based on the first and third terms in the familiar multipole expansion of Laplace for axially symmetric matter; the relativistic ones are based on the Erez-Rosen metric, an exact solution of Einstein's vacuum field equations. Use is made of the mathematical equivalence between the Newtonian equations of motion in the plane of symmetry and the general relativistic equations in the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild field. By an extension of the method used by Morton and Leavitt to obtain the Schwarzschild geodesics, exact solutions for the Newtonian orbits are obtained in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions, and a complete classification of the orbits is given. The motions are all quasi-Keplerian, except for a curious subclass of orbits corresponding to a form of two-body capture. Approximate equatorial geodesics in the general relativistic case are also found and classified. The lowest order solutions, which are essentially a superposition of relativistic monopole (Schwarzschild) and Newtonian quadrupole contributions, are shown to give accurate descriptions for motions in the solar system. In higher order solutions, purely relativistic (but observationally insignificant) cross terms appear. The results are used to study the effect of a solar oblateness on the three classical tests of general relativity.
Peer Effects and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility

This study finds evidence within a widely used dataset of independent corporate social performance (CSP) ratings that the actions of a firm's industry peers influence its subsequent choice of CSP. ...
The Impact of Streaming Data on Sensemaking with Mixed-Initiative Visual Analytics

Visual data analysis helps people gain insights into data via interactive visualizations. People generate and test hypotheses and questions about data in context of the domain. This process can generally be referred to as sensemaking. Much of the work on studying sensemaking (and creating visual analytic techniques in support of it) has been focused on static datasets. However, how do the cognitive processes of sensemaking change when data are changing? Further, what implication for design does this create for mixed-initiative visual analytics systems? This paper presents the results of a user study analyzing the impact of streaming data on sensemaking. To perform this study, we developed a mixed-initiative visual analytic prototype, the Streaming Canvas, that affords the analysis of streaming text data. We compare the sensemaking process of people using this tool for a static and streaming dataset. We present the results of this study and discuss the implications on future visual analytic systems that combine machine learning and interactive visualization to help people make sense of streaming data.
Dataflow query processing and optimization

This research presents a novel approach to parallel database processing based on treating database schema graphs as dataflow graphs. The problems addressed here include obtaining lower bounds on adjacency-preserving squashed embeddings of certain schema graphs (viz. ER schema graphs) in hypercube, design of a dataflow processing strategy, estimation of intermediate result sizes, and query optimization, all in the context of dataflow query processing. The dataflow processing strategy proposed here generates the query results in a single pass. Dataflow algorithms proposed in the past generally employ two pass strategy. In the second pass, a central coordinating processor generates the final result by combining the data generated by the various processors in the multicomputer system in the first pass. This strategy may result in the coordinating processor becoming the bottleneck. In the approach taken here, logical schema graphs are used as the physical representational structures. Nodes in the schema graph are mapped to a set of processors in a Shared Nothing multicomputer system to support parallel database processing. Nodes in the schema graph correspond to entity sets or object classes and are assumed to be directly implemented as such. Given a query graph, which is a subgraph of the schema graph, a key problem is determining the optimal dataflow directions in this graph. The problem of determining the optimal dataflow direction is formulated for single queries. The total number of schedules is determined for chain, tree and simple cyclic query graphs. A method is presented which enumerates all possible schedules of a general query graph. However, since the total number of schedules increases exponentially with the number of edges in the query graph, it is not feasible to determine the optimal schedule for a general query graph. Several heuristics are proposed to generate sub-optimal schedules. These include three heuristics for generating an initial schedule and eight heuristics for generating new schedules from a given schedule. Experiments are conducted to compare different heuristic combinations on a wide range of queries. The experiments show that the heuristics that generate chain schedules (or schedules that are "close" to a chain schedule) have the lowest cost.
Bioadhesive drug delivery systems: Overview and recent advances

Bio adhesive systems have gained growing interest due to its ability to localize the drug delivery along with sustained release. This leads to reduction of side-effects due to non-specific targeting. This review provides an overview of the understanding of bioadhesive drug delivery system along with the recent advances in their formulation development.
Inhibiting the Inhibitor: Are Callous-Unemotional Traits Capable of Suppressing the Inhibitory Effect of Child Self-Disclosure on Delinquency?

Using a mediation methodology and three waves of data, the current study sought to determine whether callous-unemotional (CU) traits were capable of suppressing the inhibitory effect of child self-disclosure on delinquency in line with predictions from criminal lifestyle theory. The results were then compared to the suppressant effect of low self-control (LSC) on the child self-disclosure–delinquency relationship. Participants for this study were 2586 (1290 boys, 1296 girls) members of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth–Child (NLSY-C). CU traits and LSC were measured when participants were 9 to 10 years of age, child self-disclosure was measured when participants were 11 to 12 years of age, and delinquency was measured when participants were 13 to 14 years of age. Consistent with predictions, the pathway running from CU traits to child self-disclosure to delinquency was significant whereas the pathway running from LSC to child self-disclosure to delinquency was non-significant. Contrary to predictions, the two pathways were not significantly different from one another. Moderate support was found for the hypothesis that one way CU traits encourage delinquency is by inhibiting the child’s willingness to disclose information to parents. This, in turn, may limit a parent’s knowledge of a child’s friendship networks and routine activities and/or reduce parental monitoring activities.