cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prophet of the Electric Age: Cultural Performativity as Nonviolent Revolution in the Lifework of Percy Bysshe Shelley

This article examines Percy Bysshe Shelley’s interest in contemporary possibilities of text dissemination in order to reconcile the normally opposing tendencies of gradualism (“slow reform”) and “violent” revolution in his life and writings. I offer a close reading of two parallel cultural events, both of which produced a national commotion that widely disseminated radical views—the “Peterloo” massacre at Manchester and Lord Eldon’s copyright rulings as Lord Chancellor. In both instances, the government’s attempts to control expression had the opposite effect due to the consequences of press coverage and political activism. In combination with nonviolent textual piracy, I argue that the circulation of the belief in poetry’s power concomitantly with the formation of a radical canon encouraged the latter’s circulation as propaganda, de facto establishing a common cultural heritage for the growing radical movement. Since Shelley’s writings became a fundamental component of the cultural glue that encouraged cohesion of the expanding radical class as soon as one decade after his premature death, I suggest that a reading of Shelley’s political strategies that moves beyond “ineffectualism” can highlight the continuing relevance of Shelley’s aesthetics and political thought.
EM Modeling of Far-Field Radiation Patterns for Antennas on the GMA-TT UAV

To optimize communication with the Generic Modular Aircraft T-Tail (GMA-TT) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), electromagnetic (EM) simulations have been performed to predict the performance of two antenna types on the aircraft. Simulated far-field radiation patterns tell the amount of power radiated by the antennas and the aircraft together, taking into account blockage by the aircraft as well as radiation by conducting and dielectric portions of the aircraft. With a knowledge of the polarization and distance of the two communicating antennas, e.g. one on the UAV and one on the ground, and the transmitted signal strength, a calculation may be performed to find the strength of the signal travelling from one antenna to the other and to check that the transmitted signal meets the receiver system requirements for the designated range. In order to do this, the antenna frequency and polarization must be known for each antenna, in addition to its design and location. The permittivity, permeability, and geometry of the UAV components must also be known. The full-wave method of moments solution produces the appropriate dBi radiation pattern in which the received signal strength is calculated relative to that of an isotropic radiator.
“On the Social-Economic Front”: The Polemics of Shtetl Research during the Stalin Revolution

ArgumentThis article explores the relationship between ideology and statistical knowledge in Soviet Yiddish scholarship during the first Five-Year Plan and Cultural Revolution. Specifically, it examines the political status of Yiddish-language socioeconomic research as a tool of state building in the shtetls (small market towns) of the former Pale of Jewish Settlement. Historically, many Jewish inhabitants of the shtetl worked as economic middlemen between city and countryside, a function that became politically untenable after 1917. The Soviet regime sponsored Yiddish socioeconomic data collection in order to monitor its efforts to transform the occupational structure of shtetl Jewry. Accordingly, this data was expected to demonstrate the steady self-disintegration of the shtetl as an obsolete artifact of the old regime. In fact, these Soviet Yiddish narratives inadvertently highlighted the endurance of the shtetl in Soviet life at both the concrete and discursive levels. A close reading of these sources provides insight into how a segment of the Soviet Jewish intelligentsia attempted to align itself within the new state's scientific establishment by fusing modern Jewish social scientific knowledge with Marxist-Leninist principles. In the polemics of the “shtetl problem” we find an example of how Soviet yidishe visnshaft registered the constantly shifting perceptions of ideological orthodoxy and deviation among Jewish Communists, and provoked international debate among Jewish demographers and economists as to the political use and abuse of statistics.
Local and global functions of Timeless and Tipin in replication fork protection

The eukaryotic cell replicates its chromosomal DNA with almost absolute fidelity in the course of every cell cycle. This accomplishment is remarkable considering that the conditions for DNA replication are rarely ideal. The replication machinery encounters a variety of obstacles on the chromosome, including damaged template DNA. In addition, a number of chromosome regions are considered to be difficult to replicate owing to DNA secondary structures and DNA binding proteins required for various transactions on the chromosome. Under these conditions, replication forks stall or break, posing grave threats to genomic integrity. How does the cell combat such stressful conditions during DNA replication? The replication fork protection complex (FPC) may help answer this question. Recent studies have demonstrated that the FPC is required for the smooth passage of replication forks at difficult-to-replicate genomic regions and plays a critical role in coordinating multiple genome maintenance processes at the replication fork.
Direct and combined revascularization in pediatric moyamoya disease.

Objective Surgical revascularization of moyamoya disease can improve neurological outcomes, compared with the natural history of the disease or the results of medical treatment. Controversy exists regarding whether direct or indirect revascularization yields better outcomes. This study involves a single-center experience with direct anastomosis and is the first North American series using direct revascularization for pediatric patients with moyamoya disease. Methods Twelve patients (age range, 5-17 yr; mean age, 10.2 yr) underwent direct revascularization of 21 hemispheres. Two patients had experienced failure of previous indirect revascularization procedures, with continued clinical deterioration. Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis was performed in 19 hemispheres (with concurrent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in 6). Middle meningeal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis and omental transposition were each performed in one hemisphere. Follow-up periods ranged from 12 to 65 months (mean, 35 mo), and monitoring included neurological examinations, angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebral blood flow studies. Results The neurological conditions of all patients were stable or improved after surgery. None of the patients developed new strokes, and no new ischemic lesions were seen in magnetic resonance imaging scans. All grafts evaluated by follow-up angiography were patent. Postoperative cerebral blood flow studies showed significantly improved blood flow (54.4 versus 42.5 ml/100 g/min; P = 0.017, n = 4) and hemodynamic reserve (70.3 versus 43.9 ml/100 g/min; P = 0.009, n = 4), compared with preoperative studies. Conclusion Surgical revascularization by direct anastomosis in pediatric patients is technically feasible, is well tolerated, and can improve the progressive natural history, the angiographic appearance, and the cerebral blood flow abnormalities associated with the disease. Direct revascularization has the advantage of providing immediate and high-flow revascularization and is particularly useful for patients who have experienced failure of previous indirect revascularization procedures.
Finite-temperature propagators for a spontaneously broken field theory

Renormalized expressions for finite-temperature propagators are obtained in both a weak-coupling and 1/N approximation to the O(N) model with negative mass squared and N real scalar fields. The weak-coupling results are given in spectral form. These Green's functions can be measured directly by allowing a weakly coupled interaction with an external probe. The singularity structure of the propagators is used to analyze the energy--momentum relation of the finite- temperature vacuum excitations, and the physical consequences of symmetry restoration are discussed. The renormalization prescription at zero temperature is sufficient for the finite-temperature theory in the broken-symmetry region as well as above the critical point. The tachyon found in the zero-temperature large-N limit remains at finite temperature but is now mixed in with normal spacelike singularities. (AIP)
Cytosolic proteomic alterations in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine overdose victims

Chronic cocaine use in humans and animal models is known to lead to pronounced alterations in neuronal function in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain region associated with drug reinforcement. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare protein alterations in the NAc between cocaine overdose (COD) victims (n=10) and controls (n=10). Following image normalization, spots with significantly differential image intensities (P<0.05) were identified, excised, trypsin digested and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-time of flight. A total of 1407 spots were found to be present in a minimum of five subjects per group and the intensity of 18 spots was found to be differentially abundant between the groups, leading to positive identification of 15 proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Of an additional 37 protein spots that were constitutively expressed, 32 proteins were positively identified by PMF. Increased proteins in COD included beta-tubulin, liprin-alpha3 and neuronal enolase, whereas decreased proteins included parvalbumin, ATP synthase beta-chain and peroxiredoxin 2. The present data provide a preliminary protein profile of COD, suggesting the involvement of novel proteins and pathways in the expression of this complex disease. Additional studies are warranted to further characterize alterations in the differentially regulated proteins. Understanding the coordinated involvement of multiple proteins in cocaine abuse provides insight into the molecular basis of the disease and offers new targets for pharmacotherapeutic intervention for drug abuse-related disorders.
Implementation of joint health indicators in Europe - Joint Action for ECHIM. Arpo Aromaa on behalf of the ECHIM core group

The story of the implementation of the joint EU health indicators (ECHI indicators) began in the 1990s after the Amsterdam Treaty. The first concrete step in establishing a health monitoring capacity for EU was the Commission working group set up in 1997. Several consecutive and parallel projects, notably the health indicator projects ECHI-1 and ECHI-2 between the years 2000 and 2005 led to a preparedness to implement the jointly agreed health indicators (ECHI shortlist) in all European countries. ECHIM (2005 – 2008) and the Joint Action for ECHIM (2009 - ) laid the foundation for the implementation of health indicators, and initiated Europe wide implementation proper. After the European recession of 2008 the circumstances in different countries were not optimal. Also the collaboration with the Commission could have been better. Nevertheless, the implementation process of the ECHI indicators is now well underway in most countries. By June 2012 half of the Member States had incorporated the ECHI indicators into their national health information system, and, if work can continue, by 2014 most countries are likely to have done so. Unfortunately, a gap may occur between the current programme and the next public health programme. The current momentum must not be lost. Therefore, all those responsible need to urge that the Commission (DG SANCO) together with the Member States helps to bridge the gap from June 2012 to January 2014. The new Public Health Programme provides the necessary financial instruments for setting up a permanent EU health information and reporting system.
Development of Nursery Systems for Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata

Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) are territorial fish and cannibalism is a concern when rearing juveniles in intensive systems. Three studies were conducted to provide information for development of suitable tank nursery systems for juvenile black sea bass (3.6–4.5 cm; 0.8–1.7 g). Studies were performed at the Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, SC, using 1.5-m diameter × 0.8 m deep tanks connected to recirculating seawater systems. The studies examined growth and survival at different stocking densities, selection and utilization of habitats, and, effects of water velocity on positioning and movement of fish. In study 1, fish were stocked at biomass densities of 126.7, 253.3, and 506.7 Wm3 and reared for 56 days with no habitats. No difference in growth was detected although fish reared at the lower densities had significantly lower mortality (mean 7.9%) as compared to those at the highest density (28.0%). At the highest density, cannibalism appeared to be a substantial cause of mortality. In study 2, three habitat types were used, (1) two-tier structure constructed from plastic grating with 15 mm square openings (volume = 0.015 m3); (2) PVC pipe bundle (volume = 0.004 m3); (3) rock aggregate (volume = 0.008 m3). Of the habitats, the most utilized habitat (62.9%) was the two-tier layered structure that allowed movement in all directions. The next utilized type was the pipe bundle (25.6%) with the openings inhabited by the largest juveniles in each tank. Overall, a mean of 18.2% of the fish were observed using habitats. Study 3 examined water velocities ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 m/sec. Most fish became concentrated in the tank bottom area having a water velocity in the range of 0.040.09 m/sec. At these velocities there were few aggressive interactions. Smaller fish inhabited the areas outside this velocity range. At the higher velocities, the small fish swam vigorously to maintain their position in the water column. At the low velocities, sporadic incursions of larger fish occurred presumably to attempt to cannibalize or to defend territory. Results from these studies help to define characteristics of nursery systems for rearing juvenile black sea bass.
The significance of fractionation regimens in radiation and combined hyperthermia using a murine fibrosarcoma.

The significance of time--dose ralationships in the use of local tumor hyperthermia (LTH) when combined with radiation (RAD) was studied in a murine fibrosarcoma. RAD, either alone or combined with LTH, was delivered in four equal fractions (total doses, 1.8 to 4.2 krad) separated by 1 to 4 days. LTH (43.1 C +- .05 C for 15 minutes, water bath) was applied immediately after RAD. In this tumor system, RAD was most effective when delivered every 2nd or 3rd day, by a factor of 1.25 over the response achieved when the four fractions were delivered every 1 or 4 days. At all levels studied, RAD + LTH produced a superior tumor response compared to RAD alone. The ratio of the RAD + LTH/RAD doses to achieve an isobiological response ranged from 1.7 to 2.5. Most significant was the finding that the RAD + LTH treatment response was independent of the fractionation scheme used and more dependent on the total RAD dose delivered.
Investment optimization planning for the access network

Verizon is nearing completion of its plan to deploy FTTP passed 18 million Wireline premises. This paper covers Verizon's investment analysis of alternative access technologies and architectures to serve more than 10 million remaining premises.
Topical Anesthesia With EMLA Reduces Pain During Endomyocardial Biopsy: a Randomized Trial

Cardiac transplant recipients often anticipate and suffer varying degrees of discomfort during surveillance endomyocardial biopsy (EMBx). We performed a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether topical anesthetic was associated with reduced pain and to identify factors associated with increased pain perception during EMBx. In 225 EMBxs, use of the eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) decreased pain score (−7.3 compared with placebo; p = 0.04); the other significant predictors of increased pain scores were time to achieve access (+2.3 per minute; p = 0.001) and female gender (+12.7 compared with males; p = 0.003). Topical anesthetic cream is associated with decreased pain during EMBx, even after adjusting for other predictors of pain, including female gender and longer time to achieve access. A better understanding of the factors affecting pain during EMBx could improve the comfort level of this procedure.
The Persona of a Poseq: Law and Self-Fashioning in Seventeenth-Century Ashkenaz

��� With the publication of Jacob Katz’s Masoret u-Mashber and Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson’s Hagut ve-Hanhagah just over a half century ago, rabbinic responsa gained wide recognition as a valuable historical source for the study of late medieval and early modern Jewish history. The two Hebrew works, composed by eminent Israeli scholars, drew heavily on this largely overlooked literature and from ethical-moral writings as well, in order to reconstruct patterns of leadership and authority that prevailed in Ashkenazic kehillot, to probe deep-seated social and religious tensions, and to examine the relations between Jews and the surrounding general society and culture. Over the past several decades, the historical literature has come to rely on these sources rather routinely. Historians have also regularly consulted rabbinic responsa in order to measure, substantiate or disprove—as the case may be—the impact of major historical events and trends. The spread of Sabbatianism, the reception of the Enlightenment, the decline of rabbinic authority, and the first stirrings of secularization are several of the major themes in early modern Jewish history that have been studied profitably with the assistance of responsa. But it is also clear from an extended exchange between Ben-Sasson and Katz that the use of responsa raises any number of methodological questions that continue to divide historians to this day. 1 This essay will not occupy itself with questions concerning the reliability of responsa or other rabbinic writings as historical sources, nor will it dwell on the perspectives they bring to certain historical events. Preoccupation with the decline of religious authority and ritual observance, viewed by many as an essential condition of modernity, has all too often obscured important themes in cultural and intellectual history. It has also reinforced the assumption that Jewish law remained largely intact prior to the nineteenth century. Instead of focusing so much attention on the growth or decline of rabbinic authority, historians might consider exploring the dynamics of rabbinic authority in broader terms. Intellectual creativity and independence,
Hydrolytically stable thermoplastic and thermosetting poly(arylene phosphine oxide) material systems

Several thermoplastic and thermosetting polymeric materials containing the phenyl phosphine oxide group were prepared and characterized by physical methods. High molecular weight poly(arylene ether)s and polyimides containing the hydrolytically stable bulky phosphine oxide unit were synthesized and found to be soluble materials with moderately high glass transition temperatures. The phenyl phosphine oxide moiety was further incorporated into epoxy and bismaleimide type crosslinked systems. Phosphorus promoted char formation in air was displayed by both the linear and crosslinked macromolecules, leading to improved self-extinguishability relative to the non-phosphorus containing analogous polymeric systems.
Solvation Properties of Biopolymers

Abstract This paper reviews work carried out in the elucidation of the solvation properties of biopolymer solutions. Studies dealing with the molecular aspects of biopolymer-solution organization are emphasized. Classic theories of polymer solutions are presented in the Introduction to lay a background for the more current studies discussed in the following sections of the report. The second part of the paper discusses several experimental studies dealing with the interrelationship between biopolymer chain conformation and solvent ordering about the biopolymer. Applications of IR, NMR and thermocalorimetric techniques to solution studies are presented. The third section of the manuscript covers current molecular theories being used to characterize the molecular thermodynamics of polymer-solvent interactions. Extensive discussion of the hydration-shell model, and its application to biopolymer solutions, is presented. The next section deals with protein denaturation and the role which protein-solvent intera...
Effective moisture diffusivity of plain yogurt undergoing microwave vacuum drying

Abstract The effective moisture diffusivity of yogurt was estimated by the method of slopes of the drying curve and the regular regime technique using the isothermal drying data obtained by microwave vacuum drying. The use of microwave vacuum drying seemed advantageous for obtaining the isothermal data. The method of slopes of the drying curve was found useful for estimating effective moisture diffusivity from the drying data of yogurt, because the model obtained from this method simulated the drying curve better than the one from the regular regime technique and because the method of slopes is simple to handle.
Enhancer transposable element induced changes at the A locus in maize: The a-m-1 6078 allele

Transposable (controlling) elements in maize are highly variable in their versatility in inducing changes at any locus. With the Enhancer (En) (Suppressor-Mutator-Spm) controlling-element system,a multitude of changes result from the action of En on specific alleles. One such allele, McClintock's a-m-1 6078 allele, illustrates the diversity of events that can take place that involve three parameters; namely, spotting-timing, spotting-frequency, and background pigment formation with and without En. A series of derivative alleles has been isolated and described according to the three paramters. The multitude of changes that has been isolated illustrates the striking versatility of these transposing elements to initiate changes at the controlled locus.
Induction of tolerance and withdrawal in rats receiving morphine in the spinal subarachnoid space.

Abstract Rats implanted with chronic catheters in the spinal subarachnoid space were given twice daily injections for 7 days of morphine sulfate, either intrathecally into the lumbar subarachnoid space (15 or 50 μg) or i.p. (20 mg/kg). The development of tolerance, as manifested in a reduction of the analgetic efficacy of these injections on the hot plate and tail flick, occurred in a dose dependent fashion over a period of 7 days. At this time, injections of i.p. morphine into animals which had received spinal morphine and vice versa revealed the existence of a two was cross tolerance between spinal and systematically administered morphine. Injection of naloxone into the spinal cord of animals exposed to i.p. morphine or conversely, i.p. naloxone in animals tolerant to intrathecal morphine, yielded a hyperreflexia and extreme sensitivity to handling. Other signs commonly observed in precipitated withdrawal, however, such as wet shakes and weight loss, were not observed.
Foreword to Special Issue: Papers from the 50th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Dallas, Texas, 2008

The year 2008 marked the 50th Anniversary of the Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) of the American Physical Society. This Special Issue presents many of the Review, Tutorial, and Invited papers that were presented at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the DPP, which was held 17–21 November, in Dallas, Texas. We are very pleased that many of the speakers have submitted an archival-quality version of their presentation for peer review and publication in Physics of Plasmas.
Orbital Emphysema Causing Vision Loss after a Dental Extraction

The use of high-speed air-cooled rotary cutting instruments is common in dental practices. When used near open wounds, the forced air can lead to subcutaneous emphysema and involvement of vital structures. This case highlights the unfortunate episode of orbital emphysema with optic nerve damage after a pneumatically cooled drill was used in the removal of a mandibular second molar.
A comparison of absolute yields of excited neutrals and positive ions from ion-bombarded surfaces

We have examined the yields of excited neutral atoms and of positive ions sputtered from argon ion-bombarded surfaces under conditions of saturation oxygen coverage. By determining the transmissions of the photon spectrometer and of the mass spectrometer used for these studies it was possible to estimate the absolute yields of the excited and ionized species. For silicon, under the conditions of the experiments, excited neutral yields were ∿ O.1% and the positive ion yield was ∿ 1% Optical emission from excited silicon ions was also monitored and it could be estimated that only ∿ 1% of these ions were in an excited state. These results will be discussed together with their implications for analysis and for theories of ion and excited state formation in the sputtering process.
Underwater Test Diagnostics Using Explosively Excited Argon And Laser Light Photography Techniques

This paper presents results of photographic methods employed in underwater tests used to study high-velocity fragment deceleration, deformation and fracture during the perforation of water-backed plates. These methods employed overlapping ultra-high and very high speed camera recordings using explosively excited argon and ruby-laser light sources that gave ample light to penetrate across a 2.3-meter (7.54-foot) diameter tank of water with enough intensity to photograph displacement-time histories of steel cubes with impact speeds of 1000 to 1500 m/s (3280 to 4920 ft/s) at camera framing rates of 250,000 and 17,000 fr/s, respectively.
An equilibrium model of risk and investment

The object of this paper is to outline a simple equilibrium theory of investment. The firms in the economy operate in an environment of uncertainty and draw up plans extending over an uncertain future horizon. Firms’ plans consist of choices of rates of investment and degrees of risk for their capital projects. The firms purchase new capital equipment on one set of markets and sell their output on another. To simplify the equilibrium aspect of the model, to focus attention on the investment behaviour of firms, and to avoid entering into an extended discussion of the behaviour of consumers and their lifetime budget constraints, I use a device which reduces the analysis of equilibrium to the analysis of a simple maximum problem. This device is a natural generalisation of the single market consumers’ surplus approach used by Lucas-Prescott [7], Brock-Magi11 [3], Magi11 [8], and Scheinkman [ 121 in the study of a theory of investment. This reduction of the equilibrium problem to a maximum problem can be justified by a more extensive analysis which I shall not enter into in this paper. The paper is arranged as follows. Section 2 introduces the basic class of random processes on which the subsequent analysis is based. The analysis here draws on the framework of Bismut [2] and Brock-Magi11 [3]. Given an underlying Brownian motion process, once velocity and variance (risk) processes are given, lying in a suitable space of integrable functions, the state becomes a well-defined process. A class of concave maximum problems over a random finite horizon is introduced in which the integrand of the basic variational problem depends on the current state, velocity and variance. A class of dual imputed price processes is introduced. I recall a generalisation of the classical sufficiency theorem: a random process which is imputed price supported and satisfies a transversality condition is optimal. Section 3 introduces two models of the underlying economy. The first I call an extensive form model, the second a reduced form model. The
The incidence and natural history of type I and II endoleak: a 5-year follow-up assessment with color duplex ultrasound scan.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was the demonstration of the value of color duplex ultrasound (CDU) scanning in the detection of type I endoleak (T1EL) and type II endoleak (T2EL), the correlation of Doppler scan waveform pattern to endoleak persistence or seal, and the description of the natural history of endoleak. Methods: The study was a retrospective review of 83 patients who underwent periodic CDU scan and computed tomographic (CT) scan surveillance of the endograft and aneurysm sac after insertion of an aortic endograft for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Forty-one patients (49%) with an endoleak at anytime in the follow-up period form the basis of this report. Results: T1EL was detected in all five patients with CDU and CT scans. T2EL was detected in 36 patients with CDU scan as compared with 18 patients with CT scan. With CT scan, endoleak was not detected when CDU scan showed no endoleak. Conversely, all CT scan–detected endoleaks were found with CDU scanning. The T2EL source artery was identified with CT scan in seven patients, whereas the source was identified in all 36 patients with CDU scan. Endoleak source did not correlate with outcome (seal or persistence). However, a to/fro Doppler scan waveform pattern was associated with spontaneous T2EL seal in seven of 12 patients, and a monophasic or biphasic waveform was associated with endoleak persistence in 14 of 17 patients ( P =.023, with χ 2 test). Thirteen of 36 T2ELs underwent spontaneous seal by 6.2 ± 2.8 months. T2ELs without increasing AAA diameter were observed. Eight patients with persistent T2EL present for more than 12 months did not undergo treatment. However, two patients underwent T2EL obliteration with coils because of AAA sac enlargement. T1EL of the distal attachment site was the initial endoleak identified in five patients, but seven patients harboring T2ELs had subsequent T1ELs develop. For the entire 83 patients, the combined T1EL and T2EL prevalence rate was 20% of patients at a 6-month follow-up period, but this rate increased to 50% after 24 months. The incidence rate of newly detected endoleaks and of spontaneous sealing was 24.4% at 12 months and 12.5% in longer-term follow-up period. Conclusion: CDU scan is effective in the identification of the type of endoleak, the delineation of the vessel involved, and the hemodynamic information not available with any other testing method. Endoleaks have a dynamic natural history characterized by a variable onset with changing branch vessel involvement and spectral flow patterns. Periodic long-term endograft surveillance with CDU scanning is necessary for following existing endoleaks and for detecting new ones. Corroboration of these findings in larger multicenter prospective trials will be needed to determine whether CDU scan analysis of endoleaks would be predictive of long-term success in endovascular AAA repair. (J Vasc Surg 2002;35:474-81.)
Feasibility Study of Cooling Enhancement with Porous Metal Inserts

In general, for power and propulsion components, the bottleneck of their performance advancement is usually associated with the heat-dissipation capability. For example, rocket propulsion has been used in many different aspects of space travel and military tasks. With the higher demand today for longer-lasting and farther travel and with the extreme temperatures that these elements experience, a breakthrough technology is needed in the cooling of these thrust chambers. In this paper, the idea of using porous metallic foams is examined for their cooling-enhancement capabilities. The goal is to provide more cooling without creating additional pressure drops in the coolant passage. An experimental system was used to investigate the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop in an annular channel filled with nickel or copper foams. The coolant used was compressed air at 1378 kPa. Constant-heat-flux heaters placed inside the inner tube of the annulus were used to simulate the heat source. Then the experiment was performed under steady state. For both the copper- and nickel-foam-filled annular channels, the heat transfer enhancement was found to be on the order of 20 times over the annular channel without porous insert for the same Darcy velocities. The pressure drop per unit channel length of the foam-filled channel is at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than that in the annular channel without porous insert; therefore, at equal pumping powers in the range of 10 to 100 W, the heat transfer enhancement of an annular metal-foam-filled channel over an annular channel without porous insert is around 3 to 4 times. When assessing the feasibility of applying the metal-foam-filled cooling channel for liquid-fueled rocket engines, we found that heat transfer enhancement ranges between 105 to 150% for equal pressure drops and mass flow rates.
Surface modification of lignocellulosic fibers using high-frequency ultrasound

Enzymatic and chemical oxidation of fiber surfaces has been reported in the literature as a method for producing medium density fiberboards without using synthetic adhesives. This work focuses on modifying the surface properties of wood fibers by the generation of free radicals using high-frequency ultrasound. A sonochemical reactor operating at 610 kHz is used to sonicate the aqueous suspensions of thermomechanical pulp fibers (TMP). TMP is analyzed using FTIR-transmission, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The non-conjugated carbonyl groups in TMP are represented by the peak area ratio A1736/A1511 in the FTIR-transmission spectra and by A1728/A1509 in the FTIR-ATR spectra. The increase in these ratios suggests that there is an increase in the number of non-conjugated carbonyl groups in TMP after sonication. To further investigate, sonication of the hydrolytic lignin was also carried out and analyzed using UV, UV-ionization and FTIR-transmission spectroscopy. The changes in the surface properties of the fibers are analyzed using IGC which showed an increase in the surface free energy of fibers. The effect of operating parameters such as power of ultrasound and sonication time is also studied.
Evaluating glass, polystyrene, and polypropylene containers for semen collection and sperm washing

The effects of glass, polystyrene, and polypropylene containers on semen parameters as measured by Cell Soft computer-assisted semen analysis and hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) tests were assessed in unwashed specimens and again after sperm washing and swim-up procedures. A superiority in unwashed specimens was observed in glass versus polystyrene concerning velocity, motility percentage, and HOS testing (p less than 0.01). Also, superiority of glass versus polystyrene was demonstrated for linearity and ALH (p less than 0.05). Glass was only superior to polypropylene in categories of motility and HOS testing (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). There was no category in which plastic was statistically superior to glass in the unwashed specimens. Concerning washed and swim-up specimens, there were no semen parameters in which there was any superiority demonstrated of either glass or plastic. Unless some future proof that the differences in semen parameters demonstrated in this study have no clinical significance, these data suggest that the collection of semen samples for sperm analysis or therapeutic use should be performed in glass containers.
Hypercapnic ventilation during exercise: effects of exercise methods and inhalation techniques.

Abstract The effect of exercise on the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 is uncertain because previous studies using different techniques have come to different conclusions. We undertook to resolve this problem by using multiple techniques and confining our study to a uniform level of mild exercise ( V O 2 = 10 ml/kg/min ). One group of subjects exercised on a treadmill and was tested with both rebreathing and steady-state CO2 methods. A second group exercised on a bicycle while using the rebreathing method. We found that the ventilatory response to CO2 was unchanged by mild exercise, regardless of the method used for CO2 inhalation or the technique used for exercise. These results indicate that under controlled conditions mild exercise does not produce any change in ventilatory sensitivity to CO2.
Fatigue-environment interactions in a SiC/Ti-15-3 composite

Load-controlled isothermal and nonisothermal fatigue lives of a (0-deg)s SiC/Ti-15-3 were evaluated at temperatures between 150 and 550 C and a target strain range of about 0.45 percent. In nonisothermal fatigue tests, load was first cycled at minimum temperature and then temperature was cycled at zero load. For fatigue tests with peak temperatures at or above 300 C, fatigue life was dramatically reduced compared to that at 150 C. The shortest life was produced by the nonisothermal test with the greatest temperature range (Delta T = 400 C) and highest peak temperature (T(max) = 550 C). Vacuum testing showed that much of the life reduction under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions was related to environmental effects, although the nature of the fatigue-environment interaction was decidedly different for the isothermal and nonisothermal test cycles which were studied.
The nature of dispersed phases in Ti-0.7at.%Er prepared by rapid solidification processing

Abstract Specimens of Ti-0.7 at.% Er, containing oxygen concentrations above and below that required to combine with the Er to form Er 2 O 3 , have been laser melted and subsequently heat-treated for various times over a range of temperatures. The nature of the small precipitates (maximum size − 50 nm) formed as a consequence of this processing has been assessed using electron diffraction. It has been shown that these precipitates are two different forms of cubic Er 2 O 3 which, while having slightly different lattice parameters, form coherently with the Ti matrix with two different orientation relationships. Some larger precipitates (minimum size − 100 nm) are also present and these have been identified as carbides and incoherent Er 2 O 3 . These results are discussed with respect to other recent work on Ti-Er alloys prepared by rapid solidification.
The role of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) in high AVP but low aldosterone states.

Due to the abundance of seminal discoveries establishing a strong causal relation between changes in aldosterone signaling, the activity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and blood pressure, the role of ENaC in health and disease is understood almost exclusively through the concept that this channel functions (in the distal nephron) as a key end-effector controlling renal sodium excretion during feedback regulation of blood pressure by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Recent findings of aldosterone-independent stimulation of ENaC by vasopressin challenge the completeness of dogmatic understanding where ENaC serves solely as an end-effector of the RAAS important for control of sodium balance. Rather the consequences of activating ENaC in the distal nephron appear to depend on whether the channel is activated in the absence (by aldosterone) or presence (by AVP) of simultaneous activation of aquaporin 2 water channels. Thus, a unifying paradigm has ENaC at the junction of two signaling systems that sometimes must compete: one controlling and responding to changes in sodium balance, perceived as mean arterial pressure, and the other water balance, perceived as plasma osmolality.
The Doppler equation.

Andrew A. Pellett, Ph.D., R.D.C.S.∗, and Edmund K. Kerut, M.D., F.A.C.C., F.A.S.E.† ∗Department of Cardiopulmonary Science, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; †Heart Clinic of Louisiana, Marrero, Louisiana; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
Phrasing in prelinguistic vocalizations

Phrasing is a universal characteristic of human communication, and the present investigation explored its developmental roots in nonvegetative, prelinguistic vocalizations. Adult judges identified a hierarchical arrangement of syllables embedded within utterances and utterances embedded within prelinguistic phrases in the vocalizations of infants. Prelinguistic phrases were characterized by systematic lengthening of phrase final syllables, temporal patterning, and stable durations across development that were similar to those of some cross-culturally optimal rhythmic units from other domains. Analyses of vocalizations of infants with Down syndrome indicated similar internal structure of prelinguistic phrases to those of typically developing infants, but with longer durations. These findings suggest that relative durational characteristics of prelinguistic phrasing are stable features of early vocal behavior, although the absolute durational characteristics of prelinguistic phrases can be impacted by a complex and severe disorder such as Down syndrome.
Freezing in nematodes: The effects of variable water contents

Abstract During rehydration from the anhydrobiotic state, Aphelenchus avenae was unaffected by exposure to liquid nitrogen while its water content was below 0.26 mg H 2 O/mg dry wt (21% H 2 O). At water contents above 21% H 2 O there was a rapid decline in survival to less than 10%. Nematodes with high water contents which were frozen and thawed before being plunged into water leaked primary amines to the medium faster than those with low water contents. But worms with any given water content showed a diminishing rate of leakage over time. Worms which had been frozen and thawed leaked primary amines at the same rate as an unfrozen control group when the water content of both groups was below 21% H 2 O. At water contents above 21%, the unfrozen nematodes showed a decline in leakage while the frozen worms gradually increased their leakage rate. Leakage rates and survival of exposure to liquid nitrogen were not linearly related. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that freezing damage in adult A. avenae is due to structural disruption by ice crystals.
Foreign owners and American cement: Old cartel hands, or new kids on the block?

In 1961, all portland cement producing capacity in the United States was owned by companies domiciled here. Thirty years later, about 70% was controlled by foreign owners, mostly European. It has been suggested by various authorities — academic economists, the business press, even cement executives — that foreign governments' tolerance for formal or tacit collusion would bring the American cement industry a kind of ‘price discipline’ that it has been largely unable to practice since 1948. This contention is tested as an hypothesis, using regional data from the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the Portland Cement Association. The test shows either no or a negative relation between foreign control and the level of regional cement prices. At the same time, we observe the traditional positive relation between concentration (HHI) and prices. The results imply that horizontal mergers between cement producers are a better subject for the attention of public policy than where they are owned.
A cross-spectral variation of the cross-ambiguity function

We present a new cross-spectral variation of the Cross-Ambiguity Function (CAF) and demonstrate use of the CS-CAF in obtaining improved Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) estimates. Unlike the conventional CAF process that estimates the FDOA of two signals received by moving receivers, as approximately constant over a short observation time, the CS-CAF models FDOA as a slowly varying continuous function. Under the CS-CAF model, we apply cross-spectral estimation methods to estimate and track the instantaneous FDOA of the received signals. This has two important advantages. The cross-spectral frequency estimation methods are extremely accurate, and by modeling the FDOA as a continuous function of time, we resolve the issue of assigning an event time to the estimated FDOA. In addition, by recovering an FDOA component from the received signals, we may apply LaGrange interpolation to track the instantaneous phase of the FDOA component, enabling an even more accurate estimate of instantaneous FDOA.
Carboxymethylproline Synthase from Pectobacterium carotorova: A Multifaceted Member of the Crotonase Superfamily†

The simplest carbapenem antibiotic, (5R)-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid, is biosynthesized from primary metabolites in Pectobacterium carotorova by the action of three enzymes, carboxymethylprolin...
FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION IN BENDING FROM AXIAL FATIGUE INFORMATION

Bending fatigue in the low cyclic life range differs from axial fatigue due to the plastic flow which alters the linear stress-strain relation normally used to determine the nominal stresses. An approach is presented to take into account the plastic flow in calculating nominal bending stress (S sub bending) based on true surface stress. These functions are derived in closed form for rectangular and circular cross sections. The nominal bending stress and the axial fatigue stress are plotted as a function of life (N sub S) and these curves are shown for several materials of engineering interest.
Relation between barrier conductance and Coulomb blockade peak splitting for tunnel-coupled quantum dots.

We study the relation between the barrier conductance and the Coulomb blockade peak splitting for two electrostatically equivalent dots connected by tunneling channels with bandwidths much larger than the dot charging energies. We find that this problem is equivalent to a well-known single-dot problem and present solutions for the relation between peak splitting and barrier conductance in both the weak- and strong-coupling limits. Results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental findings of Waugh et al. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The effects of consultation on judges' decisions

The study investigated consultation prior to balloting as an alternative to the currently used system of judging academic debates. Although consultation did not significantly alter actual decisions, it did affect both the judges' bases for decisions and their confidence in them. Consultation also yielded more detailed written commentary regarding the debaters' performances; thus this method may have pedagogical value. Among collegiate debate judges there was strong support for the consultative method.
Clinical and metabolic findings in adolescent females with hyperandrogenism.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to characterize the population of adolescent females with laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenism and to explore clinical and laboratory features that may facilitate the diagnosis and management of this condition. We further investigated these characteristics by race, weight, and type of androgen abnormality. Methods A 4-year retrospective chart review was undertaken. Female patients were included if they attended Adolescent Medicine Clinic and had at least one abnormal laboratory parameter on a testing panel that included total and free testosterone, calculated percent free testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin levels. Results Our final sample included 154 females, 70% of whom were white, 28% African-American and 2% of other ethnicities. The mean age was 16.1 years (range 11–23). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.4, ranging from 16.6 to 45.0, and 78% were obese (BMI > 95th percentile for age). Initial reason for visit included irregular menses in 75.3%, acne or hirsutism in 7.1%, and other reason in 17.5%. Non-whites were more likely than whites to present with other reason for visit (28 vs. 13%, P Conclusions Adolescent females with hyperandrogenism are at risk for other metabolic abnormalities. The higher gynecologic age and higher testosterone levels in our non-white patient group may reflect a delay in referral. Primary care physicians need to be sensitive to signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism in the non-white population and in lean adolescents.