cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Periventricular white matter abnormalities and restricted repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorder

Malformations of cortical development are found at higher rates in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in healthy controls on postmortem neuropathological evaluation but are more variably observed on visual review of in-vivo MRI brain scans. This may be due to the visually elusive nature of many malformations on MRI. Here, we utilize a quantitative approach to determine whether a volumetric measure of heterotopic gray matter in the white matter is elevated in people with ASD, relative to typically developing controls (TDC). Data from a primary sample of 48 children/young adults with ASD and 48 age-, and gender-matched TDCs, selected from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) open-access database, were analyzed to compare groups on (1) blinded review of high-resolution T1-weighted research sequences; and (2) quantitative measurement of white matter hypointensity (WMH) volume calculated from the same T1-weighted scans. Groupwise WMH volume comparisons were repeated in an independent, multi-site sample (80 ASD/80 TDC), also selected from ABIDE. Visual review resulted in equivalent proportions of imaging abnormalities in the ASD and TDC group. However, quantitative analysis revealed elevated periventricular and deep subcortical WMH volumes in ASD. This finding was replicated in the independent, multi-site sample. Periventricular WMH volume was not associated with age but was associated with greater restricted repetitive behaviors on both parent-reported and clinician-rated assessment inventories. Thus, findings demonstrate that periventricular WMH volume is elevated in ASD and associated with a higher degree of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Although the etiology of focal WMH clusters is unknown, the absence of age effects suggests that they may reflect a static anomaly.
Epilepsy, driving and the law.

Driving is critical to life in American society. Without a driver's license, it is difficult to be mobile, to be employed and to be a full participant in all aspects of living. Our society recognizes the need for a driver's license and generally makes one available to everyone as long as they meet certain criteria. However, the young woman in the case presented here would face drastic legal consequences if she were to hurt someone while driving, by choosing to drive despite having uncontrolled seizures.
Layer-by-layer assembled carbon nanotube-acetylcholinesterase/biopolymer renewable interfaces: SPR and electrochemical characterization.

Developing simple, reliable, and cost-effective methods of renewing an inhibited biocatalyst (e.g., enzymatic interfaces) on biosensors is needed to advance multiuse, reusable sensor applications. ...
Mission Design Drivers for Life Support

This paper reviews recent scenarios proposed for the human exploration of the lunar surface, Mars, and Near Earth Objects. The purpose is to identify the mission design drivers for life support systems. A life support system’s mass, closure, reliability, and environmental dependence are determined by the mission parameters of propulsion cost, mission duration, travel time, and space or planetary surface location. Life support systems should be developed incrementally to meet the requirements of longer and farther missions.
Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Morphing Cellular Frame using Bi-stable von-Mises Trusses with Variable Length Links

This study focuses on a morphing hexagonal frame actuated by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires. The frame comprises of two bi-stable von-Mises trusses (VMTs), and as the trusses snap-through from one stable equilibrium position to the other, the frame morphs from a regular hexagonal to a bowtie configuration. To avoid large transverse (Poisson’s) deformation during snap-through, variable-length links are used in the VMTs. The study describes how the SMA wires need to be configured relative to the VMT links and the integrated design process. A prototype is fabricated and tested, and it is demonstrated that resistive heating of one set of SMA wires can indeed produce snap-through of the VMTs to morph the frame, while heating of another set of wires can produce snap-back. Analysis, based on numerical integration of the coupled VMT and SMA constitutive equations, was compared to test and showed reasonable overall correlation of the fundamental phenomena in the study.
CeO2 Particles for Chemical Mechanical Planarization

Nano-sized cerium oxide particles in the size range of 5 to 500nm have been synthesized for use in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) applications. The CeO2 particles were prepared using cerium nitrate salts with bases such as ammonium water, ethylamine, or other alkylamine /polyalkylamine compounds. Other additives such as urea can be added to affect crystallization and size growth of the final particles. The particle sizes of the resulting CeO2 particles depend on the initial concentrations of cerium salts, additive concentration, and solution pH. Reaction duration seems to have little effect on CeO2 particle sizes. Temperature effects on size were moderate. These CeO2 particles showed excellent surface quality and desirable polishing rate during CMP tests.
Experimental Study on Diesel Spray Combustion Process Based on Visualized Device

With the multi-function dynamic visualized device of spray combustion,the picture of spray combustion in combustion chamber was acquired and the influences of two combustion chambers on spray and combustion process were analyzed.The results show that the spray has the stronger penetration force than the vortex flow and the squish flow and expands along with the direction of vortex flow after its spraying linearly to pit wall.The flame of reentrant combustion chamber appears in the center of chamber while the flame of column combustion chamber appears in the top edge of pit.The combustion of reentrant combustion chamber is faster and has the better combustion performance than that of column combustion chamber.
Sample Inverse Problems

This chapter is a tutorial that solves a sequence of 10 inverse problems, chosen to span a variety of physical scenarios, inverse theory methods, and solution techniques. They are image enhancement, digital filter design, adjustment of crossover errors, acoustic tomography, heat diffusion, curve fitting under a variety of norms, means of unit vectors, nonlinear curve fitting of spectral peaks, earthquake location, and vibrational eigenfrequency problem. Each problem is systematically developed and solved with MatLab . Each MatLab script is available through the book's companion Web site.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchored TFPI As Main Regulator of Factor X Activation On the Surface of Endothelial Cells.

Abstract 2210 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a key regulator of factor X (FX) activation in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. TFPI inhibits FXa generation by formation of a quaternary complex consisting of factor VIIa (FVIIa), tissue factor (TF), FXa and TFPI. The main portion (∼80%) of TFPI in humans is reportedly associated with endothelial cells. We used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model to obtain further insight into the function of TFPIα and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored TFPI form, which represents TFPIα bound to GPI-anchored surface proteins and/or TFPIβ. In contrast to TFPIα, which consists of 3 Kunitz domains (KD) and a basic C-terminal part, GPI-anchored TFPIβ lacks the third Kunitz domain (KD3) and the basic C–terminal region due to alternative splicing. In TFPIβ these two domains are replaced by a sequence that adds a GPI anchor to the protein linking it to the cell membrane. Treatment of HUVECs with phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C (PI-PLC) that cleaves GPI-anchors and subsequent fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) on living cells showed that GPI-anchored TFPI represents about 70–80% of cell surface TFPI. Staining of TFPI on and in fixed and permeabilized cells (total TFPI) demonstrated that GPI-anchored cell surface TFPI contributes to ∼20% of total cellular TFPI. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that PI-PLC treatment released a TFPI protein lacking the KD3 and basic C-terminus. These findings strongly suggest that TFPIβ is the predominant GPI-anchored form of TFPI on HUVECs. FX activation assays performed on the cell surface of PI-PLC treated living HUVECs showed the importance of GPI-anchored TFPI on extrinsic Xase complex activity. PI-PLC treatment resulted in increased FX activation. Although GPI-anchored TFPI displays ∼70–80% of cell surface TFPI, overall FXa generation was increased only by ∼50%. In conclusion, HUVEC surface TFPI is predominantly TFPIβ, and GPI-anchored TFPI is the main but not sole regulator of FX activation on the surface of HUVECs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
THE EMERGING ROLE OF CEMENTLESS GLENOID FIXATION

Experience has demonstrated in the hip and knee, related to total joint replacement arthroplasty, polymethyl methacrylate cement fixation can provide problems in terms of loosening, fragmentation, particulate wear and ultimate failure. These same problems have been recognised in total shoulder arthroplasty related to cement fixation of the glenoid. While cement fixation of the humeral component has proven much less problematic, there has been a swelling towards avoidance of using cement to secure the humeral component for fear of difficulty if revision is required. Surprisingly, with the high incidence of lucent lines, bone resorption and frank loosening, representing the most common source of failure in total shoulder arthroplasty, cementless fixation of the glenoid has not been, until now, embraced. The advent of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has demonstrated the ability for secure cementless fixation to provide long-lasting secure implant retention in implants which have inherently higher shear and stress forces passing through the implant/bone interface. In anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty a woven tantalum anchor (Trabecular Metal) has proven to demonstrate secure cementless fixation as well. This presentation will discuss the use of trabecular metal anchored glenoid implants with and without additional screw fixation for anatomic and convertible reverse arthroplasty baseplates. Avoidance of complications with successful long-lasting outcomes requires meticulous surgical attention to detail.
Early Intervention and Prevention of Aggressive and Violent Behavior through School‐Wide Systems of Positive Behavior Support

The costs of early trajectory patterns of antisocial behavior have been well documented with respect to the at-risk youth themselves, educators, and society at large. Research examining antisocial behaviors leading to violence and aggression points to key events within at-risk youths' development that are potentially amenable to early intervention and prevention. Unfortunately, many schools continue to engage in ineffective disciplinary practices that fail to impact and alter early patterns, and actually make them worse. School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SW-PBS) is a comprehensive multitiered system designed to allow educators to (1) build proactive school-wide preventive supports, (2) identify at-risk youth early and build in appropriate interventions and supports, and (3) provide a framework to engage community agencies. SW-PBS research to date has shown a promising impact on associated risks linked to antisocial behavior. Essential features of SW-PBS and summaries of research to date are discussed. Keywords: antisocial behavior; emotional and behavioral disorders; multitiered behavioral framework; multitiered systems of support; prevention of behavioral disorders; positive behavior support; school-wide early intervention
The Probabilistic Foundations of Rational Learning

According to Bayesian epistemology, rational learning from experience is consistent learning, that is learning should incorporate new information consistently into one's old system of beliefs. Simon M. Huttegger argues that this core idea can be transferred to situations where the learner's informational inputs are much more limited than Bayesianism assumes, thereby significantly expanding the reach of a Bayesian type of epistemology. What results from this is a unified account of probabilistic learning in the tradition of Richard Jeffrey's 'radical probabilism'. Along the way, Huttegger addresses a number of debates in epistemology and the philosophy of science, including the status of prior probabilities, whether Bayes' rule is the only legitimate form of learning from experience, and whether rational agents can have sustained disagreements. His book will be of interest to students and scholars of epistemology, of game and decision theory, and of cognitive, economic, and computer sciences.
“There and Back Again”: A Tale of a Discipline’s Departure and Triumphant Return:

Prevailing materialistic–determinist conceptions of extreme states (aka “psychosis”) undermine the potential for authentic personal relationships essential to the healing process. The author demons...
Quantitative Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

We describe modifications in differential interference contrast microscope, which make the microscope quantitative with orientation-independent image contrast. The new microscope produces maps of the optical path difference or dry mass and its gradient.
Bargaining in asymmetric crisis

Diplomacy, defined as formal communication and bargaining between states, is subject to limits that diplomatic theory must demarcate and understand. This article compares state incentives and disin...
Temperate ice in the shear margins of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Controlling processes and preliminary locations

Abstract The flux of grounded ice from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) primarily occurs through narrow, fast-flowing outlet glaciers and ice streams. Shearing generates heat in the lateral glacier margins, where there is a transition from fast-flow to near-stagnant ice or rock. This heat warms the ice and can form zones of water-saturated porous ice at the melting temperature, known as temperate ice. Here we derive a one-dimensional thermomechanical model to infer which AIS shear margins may contain temperate ice. Our model provides expressions for the critical shear strain rate at which a zone of temperate ice initiates and the thickness of the temperate zone. Both of these quantities are described by two nondimensional numbers—the Brinkman and Peclet numbers—that are functions of observable parameters such as shear strain rate, surface temperature, surface accumulation rate, and ice thickness. The development of temperate zones is incited by shear strain rates (Brinkman number) and suppressed by the advection of cold ice from the surface (Peclet number), which scales with surface accumulation rate. We also include a parametrization for lateral advection, which can suppress the formation of temperate ice. Applying recent observations and outputs from a regional climate model, we show that many active glacier shear margins could contain temperate ice. The spatial distribution and thickness of temperate zones are controlled largely by shear strain rates and surface accumulation rates.
Role of Calcium in the Actions of Agents Affecting Membrane Permeability

It has been apparent from the earliest electrophysiological measurements that extracellular Ca2+ plays a role in maintaining membrane stability and in long-term control of membrane permeability. Endogenous neurotransmitters and hormones, known to affect membrane permeability in a number of tissues, do not affect the level of extracellular Ca2+ (though surface binding may be affected), but quite often modulate the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Thus, if Ca2+ were to play a role in alteration (rather than maintenance) of membrane permeability, then an action of intracellular Ca2+ should be evident. Recent investigations have demonstrated that this is indeed the case. The membranes of diverse cell types have been shown to respond to elevation of intracellular Ca2+ usually with an elevation in permeability to K+. In the red cell, this relationship has been demonstrated by several techniques although no endogenous receptor mechanisms capable of controlling this process under physiological conditions have been identified. Excitable cells behave similarly and (as discussed below) changes in intracellular Ca2+ may mediate receptor-dependent as well as voltage-dependent changes in K+ permeability.
Introgression of Diploid Wild Avena SPecies Into A.Sativa

MacKey(l) has suggested that the success of crop plants such as wheat, oats and rice has been due to disomic polypioidisation that has combined the merits of both cross- and self-fertilising systems. The success of these crops may be due to the potential heterotic responses induced by fixed epistatic interactions in disomic polyploids Introgression of wild species into A.sativa via an amphioctoploid could enhance opportunities for evolutionary development and provide a pool of germplasm from which heterotic types could be extracted. Thomas and colleagues(2,3,4) have reported relatively stable octoploids derived from 2x/6x crosses. Diploid Avena accessions have been reported to carry genes for resistance to crown and stem rust, barley yellow dwarf virus, soil mosaic virus(5), powdery mildew and cereal cyst nematode(6). These wild rel tives may provide useful genetic variation for inducing epistatic interactions that are fixed in 2x/6x amphioctoploids.
Neural Nets and Finite Automata

I want to start by giving a very sketchy account of neurophysiology—merely sufficient as a basis for our first mathematical model. We may regard the human nervous system as a three-stage system as shown in Figure 2.1.
Abstract 1350: Inhibiting VPS34 suppresses Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and promotes chemotherapeutic efficacy in colon cancer cells

A significant obstacle in the successful management of colon cancer (CRC) patients remains intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Addressing these obstacles remain priority for reducing CRC-associated deaths. Autophagy is a survival-promoting program and upregulated in cancers to sustain metabolism and survive microenvironmental stress. In preclinical cancer models, inhibition of autophagy can restore chemosensitivity and enhance tumor cell death. However, clinical applicability of the currently available autophagy inhibitors is problematic due to potential toxicity as these inhibitors primarily interfere with lysosomal trafficking program, implicated in essential cellular processes. To overcome this limitation, we examined the effects of inhibiting VPS34, a class III PI-3 Kinase implicated in autophagy initiation, to overcome resistance to therapy by inhibiting autophagy. Notably, #36-077, the inhibitor used in our studies was synthesized based on the recently described novel VPS34 inhibitor, SAR405. Using colon cancer cells and colon tumoroids from APCmin mice, we confirmed marked upregulation of autophagy. Tumoroids exposure to #36-077 inhibited autophagy (LC-3I/II and P-62 expression) and induced apoptosis (Cleaved caspase-3 expression), and thus confirmed survival role for autophagy in CRC. We further examined efficacy of using #36-077 for adjuvant therapy. Combinatorial treatment efficacy of #36-077with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Erlotinib (anti-EGFR therapy) was tested. SW480 (highly tumorigenic) and HCT116 (Highly Metastatic) cells were used. MTT-assay helped determine cell viability. We found synergy between #36-077 and 5-FU in the killing CRC cells, and the EC50 was 4.9µm, 4.7µm and 2.40µm for 5-FU, #36-077 and 5-FU+#36-077, respectively. Combinatorial use of the #36-077 also boosted the cancer cell killing effects of Erlotinib, and the EC50 was 25.05µm ,5.59µm and 4.09 µm for Erlotinib, #36-077 and Erlotinib+#36-077, respectively. In further studies, we focused on the β-catenin regulation due to its role in promoting Wnt-signaling and autophagy. Indeed, in both, colon cancer cells and tumoroids, combinatorial treatment with 5FU+#36-077 resulted in sharp increases in phospho-β-catenin (Ser33) expression. Of note, phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33 by GSK-3β leads to its destabilization and degradation. TOP-FLASH reporter analysis (p Citation Format: Balawant Kumar, Rizwan Ahmad, Sandeep Rana, Amarnath Natarajan, Punita Dhawan, Amar B. Singh. Inhibiting VPS34 suppresses Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and promotes chemotherapeutic efficacy in colon cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1350.
The Effects of North American Free Trade Agreement and United States Farm Policies on Illegal Immigration and Agricultural Trade

We analyze the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and United States farm subsidies on U.S.-Mexican illegal immigration and agricultural trade. The theoretical analysis develops an integrated trade-migration model and shows that NAFTA and U.S. subsidies exacerbate the illegal labor flow and increase U.S. exports. The theoretical analysis is empirically implemented by simultaneous estimation and simulation analysis. The analysis shows that NAFTA increased the number of undocumented workers to U.S. agriculture and U.S. farm exports to Mexico by an average of 1573 and $6.82 billion, respectively. U.S. farm subsidy reduction decreases unauthorized entry marginally and U.S. farm exports by an average of $3.2 billion.
Crosstalk and EMI Reduction using enhanced Guard Trace Technique

Client system design space is becoming aggressive every year and all these aggressive designs have more signal traces routed in any given area; whether in microstrip or in strip line. This is true for system mother board level as well as package substrate level. Guarding high speed signals by a co-planar grounded trace is the traditional way of reducing the crosstalk and EMI. This grounded trace will usually run along with the high-speed signal throughout the channel. But as the speeds are going higher, most of the interface margins are still limited by crosstalk and the proposed “Elevated guard trace technique” can further reduce crosstalk and EMI in order to increase overall system performance. This innovative technique of Guard trace can be utilized in microstrip layers routed with high speed signals to minimize EMI emissions significantly.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid

Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diseases of the nervous system began with Quincke with his reports in 1872 (34a) and 1891 (34) (see Chapter 1). He popularized the use of spinal puncture (spinal tap) in the lumbar region (lumbar puncture; LP) mainly for the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. However, one of his cases did have an intracranial bleed. He measured the opening and closing CSF pressures, the amount removed, the specific gravity, and the protein concentration. This set the stage for confirmation of subarachnoid hemorrhage, a diagnosis presently made by visual CSF examination and, more recently, computerized tomography.
What Is the Potential for Applying Cost-Utility Analysis to Facilitate Evidence-Based Decision Making in Schools?:

Education decision makers routinely make choices among programs and strategies to implement. Policy demands increasingly require that such decisions are based on evidence regarding program effectiv...
Phylogenetic evidence for the improved RNA higher-order structure in internal ribosome entry sequences of HCV and pestiviruses.

The strong requirement for a small segment of the 5′-proximal coding sequence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most remarkable features in the internal initiation of HCV mRNA translation. Phylogenetic analysis and RNA folding indicate a common RNA structure of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of HCV and the animal pestiviruses, including HCV types 1–11, bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV), border disease virus (BDV) and hog cholera (HoCV). Although the common RNA structure shares similar features to that proposed for the internal ribosome entry sequence (IRES) of picornavirus, phylogenetic evidence suggests four new tertiary interactions between conserved terminal hairpin loops and between the terminal hairpin loop of F2b and the short coding sequence for HCV and pestiviruses. We suggest that the higher-order structures of IRES cis-acting elements for HCV and animal pestivirus are composed of stem-loop structures B-C, domains E-H, stem-loop structure J and four additional tertiary interactions. The common structure of IRES elements for these viruses forms a compact structure by these tertiary interactions and stem stacking. The active structural core is centered in the junction domain of E-H that is also conserved in all members of picornaviruses. Our model suggests that the requirement for a small segment of the 5′ coding sequence is to form the distinct tertiary structure that facilitates the cis-acting function of the HCV IRES in the internal initiation of the translational control.
Emapalumab for the treatment of relapsed/refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Abstract Emapalumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody directed against interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which in November 2018 received the first global approval for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with refractory, recurrent, or progressive disease or intolerance to HLH therapy. This review will highlight the pathophysiology of primary HLH, the therapeutic rationale for use of IFN-γ–targeting therapy, and potential limitations to its broader use in the treatment of HLH.
How I Do It: Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair

More than 350,000 ventral hernias are repaired annually in the United States. Currently, there is significant variation in all aspects of ventral hernia management, from preoperative patient selection to postoperative care. Herein, we detail our perioperative evaluation and management of patients selected for laparoscopic ventral hernia and our surgical technique for the performance of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.
Utilizing Closed Incisional Negative Pressure Therapy Reduces Peripheral Bypass Infection Rates Without Increasing Costs.

INTRODUCTION We evaluated outcomes of closed incisional negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) on surgical site infection (SSI) rates in lower extremity bypass patients. We sought to determine whether or not the routine use of ciNPT is a cost-effective measure. METHODS During a period from May 2018 to August 2018, our institution transitioned to the routine use of ciNPT for re-vascularization procedures. We retrospectively reviewed our outcomes before and after the initiation of ciNPT. Group A included patients from September 2017 to April 2018 without ciNPT and Group B included patients from September 2018 to April 2019 with ciNPT. Chi-squared analysis was performed and the p value was set at <0.05 to obtain statistical significance. Cost analysis was separately performed utilizing hospital metrics. RESULTS There were a total of 102 patients in Group A and 113 patients in Group B. There was no difference in demographic information between the two groups. The overall SSI rate for Group A was 11.8% (12/102). Group B had an overall SSI rate of 3.5% (4/113; p=0.02). Deep infection rate for Group A was 7% (7/102) and for Group B was 1% (1/113; p=0.01). Cost analysis demonstrated a minimum of $62,000 in infection-related cost savings between both groups. CONCLUSIONS ciNPT has had a profound effect on our practice and has resulted in a decrease in both deep and superficial infections. This has led to a significant cost-effective measure for our institution. We now routinely use ciNPT on all lower extremity bypass patients.
CD44 variant 6 is involved in the attachment and invasion of endometrial cells to peritoneum

Objective To study the effects of CD44 standard (CD44s), CD44v3, and CD44v6 overexpression (OE) on immortalized human endometrial epithelial (iEECs) and stroma cells (human endometrial stromal cells [hESCs]) using in vitro assays and a nude mouse xenograft model. Menstrual endometrial cells from women with endometriosis have increased adhesion and also express higher levels of CD44 variant 6 (v6), but not v3, compared to menstrual endometrial cells from women without endometriosis. Design In vitro studies and in vivo xenograft model. Setting Academic center. Patients(s) Deidentified immortalized endometrial epithelial tissue samples of a reproductive-age woman. Intervention(s) Overexpression of CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 was carried out using lipofectamine, and their expression was verified with mRNA and protein in iEEC and hESCs. The OE cells were used in in vitro studies and an in vivo xenograft model compared to plasmid control. Main Outcome Measure(s) The effect of CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 OE on attachment and invasion assays and a xenograft model with immortalized human stromal and epithelial cells. Result(s) Expression of mRNA and protein confirmed appropriate OE of CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 in the different cell types. CD44v6 OE increased attachment of hESCs compared with controls. CD44v6 OE did not change the attachment of iEECs. There was no difference in attachment in iEECs or hESCs with OE of CD44s or CD44v3. Conclusion(s) Overexpression of CD44v6 increases attachment of hESCs to peritoneal mesothelial cells in an in vitro assay and an in vivo xenograft model. Menstrual endometrial cell type and CD44 variants play a complex role in the development of the early endometriotic lesion.
An International Study on Ventricular Assist Device Program Models.

Background:Advanced technology and improved outcomes have led to rapid growth of ventricular assist devices (VADs) throughout the world, but little exists regarding their structure. We sought to st...
Factors associated with academic rank among chronic pain medicine faculty, beyond the individual.

Dear Editor We read with great interest the article by Orhurhu et al in a recent issue of the journal.[1][1] The authors performed a review on the factors associated with academic rank among chronic pain medicine faculty in the USA and concluded that higher h-index, publication citations, division
Effect of Video Conferencing on Student Academic Performance: Evidence from Preclinical Summative Assessment Scores

Anecdotal evidence suggests learners experience fatigue and burnout from multiple hours on virtual platforms. We compared summative exam performance data of second year preclinical medical students in a medical neuroscience course over consecutive years in which interactive synchronous activities occurred in-person (2019) or entirely online (2020). Exam items that assessed interactive, synchronously delivered content in 2020 had mean scores that were significantly lower than 2019. Interestingly, summative exam performance in the preceding course showed no appreciable difference. Taken together, our findings suggest that prolonged use of virtual platforms in preclinical medical education might negatively impact the efficacy of synchronous learning.
Eviction and the Necessary Conditions for Health.

Eviction and the Necessary Conditions for Health Safe, affordable housing is a foundation of good health. But housing is often viewed as a commodity or a business, rather than as a social determina...
The Traveling Salesman Problem

In the next chapter, we present several examples of evolution programs tailored to specific applications (graph drawing, partitioning, scheduling). The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is just one of such applications; however, we treat it as a special problem — the mother of all problems — and discuss it in a separate chapter. What are the reasons?
Amplification of autoimmune disease by infection

Reports of infection with certain chronic persistent microbes (herpesviruses or Chlamydiae) in human autoimmune diseases are consistent with the hypothesis that these microbes are reactivated in the setting of immunodeficiency and often target the site of autoimmune inflammation. New experimental animal models demonstrate the principle. A herpesvirus or Chlamydia species can be used to infect mice with induced transient autoimmune diseases. This results in increased disease severity and even relapse. The evidence suggests that the organisms are specifically imported to the inflammatory sites and cause further tissue destruction, especially when the host is immunosuppressed. We review the evidence for the amplification of autoimmune inflammatory disease by microbial infection, which may be a general mechanism applicable to many human diseases. We suggest that patients with autoimmune disorders receiving immunosuppressing drugs should benefit from preventive antiviral therapy.
Hindbrain Noradrenergic Lesions Attenuate Anorexia and Alter Central cFos Expression in Rats after Gastric Viscerosensory Stimulation

Behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine outputs of the CNS are subject to important feedback modulation by viscerosensory signals that are conveyed initially to the hindbrain nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). In the present study, noradrenergic (NA) neurons [i.e., those that express the NA synthetic enzyme dopamine β hydroxylase (DbH)] in the caudal NST were lesioned to determine their role in mediating anorexic responses to gastric stimulation and in conveying gastric sensory signals to the hypothalamus and amygdala. For this purpose, saporin toxin conjugated to an antibody against DbH was microinjected bilaterally into the caudal NST in adult rats. Control rats received similar microinjections of vehicle. Several weeks later, rats were tested for the ability of systemic cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) (0 or 10 μg/kg) to inhibit food intake. CCK-induced anorexia was significantly attenuated in toxin-treated rats. Rats subsequently were used in a terminal cFos study to determine central neural activation patterns after systemic CCK or vehicle and to evaluate lesion extent. Toxin-induced loss of DbH-positive NST neurons was positively correlated with loss of CCK-induced anorexia. Hypothalamic cFos expression was markedly attenuated in lesioned rats after CCK treatment, whereas CCK-induced neural activation in the parabrachial nucleus and amygdala appeared normal. These findings suggest that hindbrain NA neurons are an integral component of brainstem circuits that mediate CCK-induced anorexia and also are necessary for hypothalamic but not parabrachial or amygdala responses to gastric sensory stimulation.
Epidermal structural proteins. II. Isolation and purification of tonofilaments of the newborn rat.

Abstract Determination of the specific biosynthetic pathways for epidermal structural proteins depends upon the availability of systems for the study of protein synthesis in keratinizing epithelia and upon knowledge of the structural proteins themselves. One of the major structural elements of newborn rat epidermis, the tonofilament fraction, has been extracted with alkaline urea and purified by differential centrifugation and molecular-sieve chromatography. It contains protein as its major component with small amounts of hexosamine. The fraction can be reconstructed in vitro to yield filaments similar in size and morphology to the native tonofilaments. Antibodies raised to the fraction fix to the basal, spinous and granular layers of epidermis but do not react with stratum corneum. Radioactive amino acids are readily incorporated into the proteins of the fraction following intracutaneous injection and its amino acid composition is similar to that of human prekeratin. Although homogeneous by usual electrophoretic criteria, size heterogeneity is demonstrable during electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate and charge heterogeneity is demonstrable in the presence of ampholine. These data have been interpreted to indicate that the isolated material is a subunit of a system which may exist in various states of aggregation.
PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF l-ALANINE DEHYDROGENASE FROM VEGETATIVE CELLS OF BACILLUS CEREUS

McCormick, Neil G. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and Harlyn O. Halvorson. Purification and properties of l-alanine dehydrogenase from vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus. J. Bacteriol. 87:68-74. 1964.-The l-alanine dehydrogenase from vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus strain T has been purified approximately 200-fold. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 248,000 and a turnover number of 80,000 moles of substrate per min per mole of enzyme. The Michaelis constants for the substrates and the equilibrium constant for the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme are in close agreement with reported values for other l-alanine dehydrogenases. The kinetic properties of the enzyme purified from vegetative cells are identical to those of the enzyme isolated from spores of the same organism, but differ with respect to relative heat stability. Whereas spores contain a heat-resistant enzyme, vegetative cells contain, in addition, a heat-sensitive enzyme. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that a molecular conversion type of phenomenon plays a role in the appearance of spore enzyme.
New Solution to Time Series Inference in Spurious Regression Problems

Phillips (1986) provides asymptotic theory for regressions that relate nonstationary time series including those integrated of order 1, I(1). A practical implication of related literature on spurious regression is that one cannot trust the usual confidence intervals. Therefore it is recommended that after carrying out unit root tests we work with differenced series instead of original data in levels. We propose a new alternative of using confidence intervals based on Maximum Entropy bootstrap explained in Vinod and Lopez-de-Lacalle (2009, J of Statistical Software). Extensive Monte Carlo simulations show that our proposal can provide more reliable conservative confidence intervals than traditional, differencing and block bootstrap (BB) intervals. We hope to let researchers avoid differencing the variables and work with their original specifications in levels.
History of the computer sciences department at Purdue University

The previous chapter1 describes how the first Department of Computer Sciences in the United States was established at Purdue University in October 1962. This chapter describes how the department found its identity and matured into one of the strong departments at Purdue and in the nation. There are three natural phases to this development. In the 1960s the effort was to define courses, degree programs, and indirectly the field itself. The 1970s saw the department’s maturation and growth into a typical university department. The 1980s started with a series of crises, some nationwide and some internal to Purdue, which eventually gave the department a considerably different character than it had in the 1970s. Chapter 2 is organized around these three periods.
Studies of Blood Lipid Fractions of Quiescent Rheumatic Fever Patients and Their Siblings

Three phospholipid fractions have been determined in plasmas of quiescent rheumatic children and their siblings of similar ages. The method for determining blood lecithin gave reproducible results, and the lipid fraction appeared indicative of difference in levels of blood lipids between rheumatic and nonrheumatic children. In this series of lecithin determinations only one rheumatic subject had a high normal level and only one sibling (presumably nonrheumatic) had a low level. The difference in mean nonfasting lecithin plasma levels between rheumatic subjects and siblings was 0.36 mMol./L. Similarly, the lecithin level of each of the nonrheumatic siblings in this series averaged 0.41 mMol./L. higher than that of the corresponding quiescent rheumatic child. In both of these differences P <0.05.
Sex Work in a Digital Era

In recent years, scholars have begun to investigate the role of digital technologies, namely the Internet, in facilitating growth in sexual commerce. Recent studies investigate the ways the Internet shapes the experiences of sex workers and how sex workers use the Internet to maximize profits and reduce risk exposure. Overall, scholars strategically frame sex work in a digital era in terms of affordances. In doing so, they can note the positive changes in the work experiences of these workers. However, I argue that this literature is altogether too optimistic, and in focusing primarily on the affordances of Internet-based sex work, these scholars neglect the new dangers that emerge online. In addition, by focusing only on the online practices of escorts, these scholars paint a homogenized portrait of digital sex work and neglect the diversity of labor performed by sex workers. This literature also neglects the diversity among sex workers themselves (e.g., race, ethnicity, class, gender, age, and ability). In order to address these limitations, I make nine specific suggestions for future lines of inquiry.
Segmental orthotopic hepatic transplantation as a means to improve patient survival and diminish waiting-list mortality

Pediatric liver transplantation continues to be limited by the availability of suitable liver donors, a factor that restricts programmatic development and ultimately contributes to death on the recipient waiting list. We report the application of segmental liver transplantation as a technique to address both these problems as well as improving the outcome of the child undergoing the transplant procedure. Since 1986, 37 children have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation. Twenty-three children have received whole-organ grafts; 81% survived. Of those receiving whole-organ grafts, 15% had arterial thrombotic complications and 23% required retransplantation. More importantly, 29% of those children listed for transplantation died while waiting for a donor organ to become available, with a mean interval of 1.7 months (range, 2 days to 4.5 months). Since July 1988, segmental liver transplantation has been a component of our therapeutic armamentarium, and of the past 20 liver recipients, 16 have received a left lobe segmental graft. The results of the segmental transplant series have shown striking improvements. First, no child has died while awaiting donor organ availability. Second, segmental liver recipient survival is equivalent to that of whole-organ graft recipients (81%). Third, hepatic arterial thrombosis, especially a problem in high-risk infant transplants, was reduced by this technique (5%). Retransplantation due to graft complications has not increased (21%). These data suggest a vital role for segmental liver transplantation not only as a remedial salvage procedure for the critically ill child, but also as a primary transplant option.
The influence of storage conditions on chip colour of potatoes

The chip colour of all six potato varieties investigated deteriorated at all storage temperatures, from 5 to 12.5°C, though faster at the lower temperatures. Although reconditioning often delayed this deterioration, its effect was limited. Varieties responded differently in their reaction to storage temperature and duration of storage (up to 24 weeks), and the highly significant second-order interaction between these three variables means that an unqualified recommendation for the most desirable storage temperature to maintain good chip colour cannot be given.
“Authoritarianism” and Agreement with Things Authoritative

(1955). “Authoritarianism” and Agreement with Things Authoritative. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 215-221.
Mitochondrial dysfunctions during progression of dystrophic cardiomyopathy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease with severe cardiac complications. It is believed that cellular oxidative stress and augmented Ca2+ signaling drives the development of cardiac pathology. Some mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions have also been reported. Here we investigate cellular mechanisms responsible for impaired mitochondrial metabolism in dystrophic cardiomyopathy at early stages of the disease. We employed electrophysiological and imaging techniques to study mitochondrial structure and function in cardiomyocytes from mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Here we show that mitochondrial matrix was progressively oxidized in myocytes isolated from mdx mice. Moreover, an abrupt increase in workload resulted in significantly more pronounced oxidation of mitochondria in dystrophic cells. Electron micrographs revealed a gradually increased number of damaged mitochondria in mdx myocytes. Degradation in mitochondrial structure was correlated with progressive increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ sequestration and mitochondrial depolarization, despite a substantial and persistent elevation in resting cytosolic sodium levels. Treatment of mdx cells with cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), shifted both resting and workload-dependent mitochondrial redox state to the levels recorded in control myocytes. It also significantly reduced workload dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in dystrophic cardiomyocytes. Overall, our studies highlight age dependent deterioration of mitochondrial function in dystrophic cardiomyocytes, which seems to be associated with excessive opening of mPTP due to oxidative stress and cellular Ca2+ overload.
Automatic quantitative measurement of ocular hyperemia

Evaluation of ocular hyperemia has been an important assessment in research studies of effects of contact lenses, medications, and pollutants on the eye. Hyperemia has been difficult to quantitate objectively. The purpose of this study was to validate a computer based image analysis system to quantitate hyperemia automatically and objectively in pixelated images of the external eye using two measures, the percent of the red color, RR, and the fraction of pixels which are blood vessels, VA. Validation was against an established photographic reference scale of ocular hyperemia and against the clinical pharmacologic effects of 0.5% dapiprazole hydrochloride, known to increase hyperemia, and 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride, known to decrease hyperemia. Color transparencies from the reference scale were converted to digital images. Temporal and nasal regions of the external eye were imaged directly to magnetic disk before and after pharmacologic intervention. Custom software automatically excluded unwanted regions, and quantitative image analysis produced RR and VA. RR and VA were each correlated with the reference scale. For each region and for each pharmacologic intervention, the mean RR and the mean VA, respectively, were compared at time zero and at a mean elapsed time of 713 +/- 47 s. RR and VA consistently increased as the hyperemia in the reference scale increased. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively, (p < 0.01). At 713 +/- 47 s after each pharmacologic intervention, RR and VA increased and decreased as expected (p < 0.001). Thus, this study successfully validated the methodology against expert clinical judgment and was able to measure automatically and objectively clinical changes in ocular hyperemia.
Effects of Negative Campaigning on Vote, Semantic Differential, and Thought Listing1

In 3 studies, subjects were asked to vote on all positively described candidate vs. an opponent with a 1-sentence negative. In Study 1, the ail-positively described candidate was voted for more often, was rated higher on 10 of 13 semantic differentials, and generated more positive and less negative thoughts. In Studies 2 and 3, the positively described candidate was voted for more, was rated higher on the semantic differentials, and generated more positive and less negative thoughts in the regular negative condition. In the condition in which an independent nonpartisan committee declared the negative groundless, there was no significant difference in any dependent variables. These theories have important theoretical implications related to Johnson-Cartee and Garramone's theories.