cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Src-dependent phosphorylation at Y406 on the thyroid hormone receptor β confers the tumor suppressor activity

// Jeong Won Park 1 , Li Zhao 1 , Paul Webb 2 and Sheue-yann Cheng 1 1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 2 Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX Correspondence: Sheue-yann Cheng, email: // Keywords : cSrc signaling; phosphorylation of thyroid hormone receptor β1; tumor suppressor; breast cancer cells; xenograft models Received : August 06, 2014 Accepted : September 15, 2014 Published : September 16, 2014 Abstract Association studies suggest that the thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) could function as a tumor suppressor in cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We explored how TRβ1 acted as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer MDA cells. Proliferation and invasiveness were markedly inhibited in cells stably expressing TRβ1 (MDA-TRβ1 cells). cSrc-phosphorylated TRβ1 at Y406 signaled T3-induced degradation. Mutation of Y406 to Phe (TRβ1Y406F) did not affect T3 binding affinity, but blocked T3-induced degradation in cells. Importantly, cell-based studies showed that TRβ1Y406F lost the inhibitory effects by TRβ1 on cell proliferation and invasion. Consistently, in xenograft models, MDA-TRβ1 cells exhibited significantly slower tumor growth rates than those of Neo control cells. In contrast, the tumor growth rates of MDA-TRβ1Y406F cells were indistinguishable from those of Neo control cells. We further showed that markedly more TRβ1Y406F than TRβ1 was physically associated with cSrc in cells, leading to constitutive activation of cSrc-FAK-ERK signaling. In contrast, degradation of T3-bound TRβ1 complexed with cSrc attenuated signaling to decrease cell proliferation and invasiveness, thus confirming TRβ1 as a tumor suppressor. Thus, the present studies suggested that TRβ1 could be tested as a novel potential therapeutic target.
Transverse fracture of the proximal humeral articular cartilage in dogs. (So-called osteochondritis dissecans).

A disease in young, predominantly male dogs of heavier breeds, commonly called osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder, was found to be a transverse fracture of humeral articular cartilage along the ‘tidemark’ (the junction of uncalcified and calcified cartilage) rather than through necrotic subchondral bone. The lesion was characterized by a profile of plaques of remnant calcified cartilage in the floor of the defect, with variable proliferation of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage, primitive cartilage, and bone derived from the underlying tissue. The sequestral fragment was composed of viable hyaline cartilage with small areas of calcified cartilage in the deep surface.
Some Nonparametric Statistical Tests for Quick Evaluation of Clinical Data

Some rapid statistical tests give ( a ) rapid answers on how well methods agree and control chart evaluation (sign and run tests) and ( b ) evaluation of distribution of test results (Tukey's quick test and run test). These tests mainly require counting of data and the use of the given nomograms. An unusual distribution of patient test values—that is, unusual when compared with the generally observed distribution of the data seen in a particular laboratory—may indicate laboratory error, alteration of specimens (as from poor collection and/or storage techniques, such as evaporation), or an unusual patient population.
Auditory reaction time and the derivation of equal loudness contours for the monkey.

Monkeys were trained to release a telegraph key at the onset of a pure tone. Latency of the response was measured over a 70-db range of sound pressure (re 0.0002 dyn/cm2) at six frequencies (250 to 15,000 cps). Latency was found to be an inverse exponential function of intensity at all frequencies. Equal loudness was inferred from the equal latency contours which were constructed from the latency-intensity functions at each frequency. These data indicate peak auditory sensitivity for the monkey near 1000 cps. At the frequencies above and below 1000 cps consistently more sound energy was required for equal latency.
A Predictive Model for the Police Response Function

The expected response time to a call for service (CFS) for a given configuration of police beats is developed. The effect of downtime calls on the response time to a CFS is determined. Consideration is given to both travel time and waiting time. Travel time and service time distributions are isolated. The model is valid for Poisson arrivals and arbitrary service time distributions. A probabilistic assignment policy is determined for each beat. The fraction of incoming calls arriving in beat k answered by unit l is obtained. Pre-emptive priorities are allowed. Application to the Aurora, Illinois, Police Department is shown.
Comparison of trichloroethylene reductive dehalogenation by microbial communities stimulated on silicon-based organic compounds as slow-release anaerobic substrates

Microcosm studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of tetrabutoxysilane (TBOS) as a slow-release anaerobic substrate to promote reductive dehalogenation of trichloroethylene (TCE). The abiotic hydrolysis of TBOS and tetrakis(2-ethylbutoxy)silane (TKEBS), and the biotic transformations of the hydrolysis products from both were also investigated. Comparison of TCE reductive dehalogenation was performed with microbial communities stimulated from three different sites: Site 300 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), CA, Point Mugu Naval Weapons Facility, CA, and the Evanite site in Corvallis, OR. Poisoned microcosms showed that 1 mol of TBOS slowly and abiotically hydrolyzes to 4 mol of 1-butanol, while the live microcosms showed the 1-butanol ferments to butyrate and/or acetate, producing H2. The hydrolysis of TBOS and TKEBS was abiotic and not enhanced by biotic processes under the anaerobic conditions of these tests. Hydrogen consumption was correlated with reductive dehalogenation, indicating it served as an electron donor for reductive dehalogenation. TBOS was found to be a slow-release anaerobic substrate to support long-term dechlorination of TCE to ethylene in Point Mugu microcosms, and in the LLNL microcosm bioaugmented with the Evanite culture. Electron mass balances showed most of the electron flow went into the creation of organic acids, especially acetate, and the production of methane. Electron efficiencies for reductive dechlorination were as high as 14% based on the electrons used for dechlorination to the total electrons associated with the mass of TBOS and TKEBS hydrolyzed. Rates of TBOS hydrolysis increased with greater TBOS concentrations as a light nonaqueous-phase liquids (LNAPL). These results indicate that TBOS has promise as an effective anaerobic substrate for remediating a wide range of CAH concentrations at different CAH contaminated sites. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Possible Electromagnetically Induced Muonium-An timuonium Conversion

The possibility of the existence of an electromagnetically induced transition between muonium and anti-muonium is examined. An experiment is suggested involving the formation of muonium by the injection of positive muons into a helium-filled resonant cavity, which is excited at a frequency corresponding to the difference in interaction energy between muonium and helium, on the one hand, and that between anti-muonium and helium, on the other. The sign of antimuonium formation is the observation of the fast electrons from ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay. The dependence of the number of these on which of the various cavity modes is excited gives information on the relative intrinsic parity of muonium and antimuonium. If this turns out to be odd, then this measurement, when combined with the usual relation for the product of the intrinsic parities of a Dirac particle and its antiparticle, would determine the relative intrinsic parity of the muon and electron to be imaginary. The conservation of parity in electromagnetic phenomena and the absence of electromagnetic $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}e$ transitions would then both find their natural explanation in the single assumption that the observation of electromagnetic phenomena must be compatible with invariance under space inversion.
Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, spore production and germination, and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma and Gliocladium

The mycelial weight of eight out of nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens increased in media supplemented with 2000 mg/l of nitrogen (N) from the fertilizers NH4Cl, NaNO3, and a commercial 20–20–20. In general, the greatest increase in growth (up to 311 %) occurred with 20–20–20. The extent of growth was similar with either NH4Cl or NaNO3, but was less than that with 20–20–20. Measured by radial development on agar surfacesgrowth of isolates was either not affected or was constricted by supplemental fertilizers. Production of conidia by six out of eight isolates was stimulated by 20–20–20 but not by NH4Cl or NaNO3. Germination of conidia of all isolates, generally was high (> 85 %) on amended and nonamended agar. Chlamydospore formation by three Trichoderma isolates in liquid media was not affected by fertilizers. Antagonism or overgrowth of the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani by Trichoderma isolates in culture was reduced appreciably by NaNO3, but was not affected by NH4Cl or 20–20–20. Addition of 20–20–20 to natural soil did not reduce further the survival of R. solani caused by germling preparations of six out of seven Trichoderma isolates. However, reduction in survival of the pathogen caused by a T. hamatum isolate was stimulated further (45 %) by the fertilizer.
Mixing Time and Liquid Circulation Rate in Steelmaking Ladles with Vertical Gas Injection

Flow and concentration fields in bench scale gas-injected molten steel baths were numerically studied to investigate dependency of flow structure and mixing characteristics on bath aspect ratio and gas injection rate. The problem was formulated as a two-phase flow on the basis of Eulerian approach for both gas and liquid phase transports. The effects of vessel aspect ratio and gas injection rate on mixing efficiency were characterized from the predicted time evolution of a tracer distribution in the melt and also from the liquid circulation rate. Results demonstrated that both vessel aspect ratio and gas injection rate play crucial roles on flow structure in the bath and hence on the mixing efficiency. It was observed that there is an optimum vessel aspect ratio (1.5) for minimum mixing time for the systems considered. There also exists an optimum gas injection rate for maximum mixing intensity (minimum mixing time) in a given system.
Technology Management: Power Women and the Global Economic Sectors

As part of continuing studies of management of technology for the developing service sector, a recently developed analytical technique, data surface mining (DSM) has been applied to a variety of data bases. In this study, the Forbes data base ofthe world's 100 most powerful women was analyzed to ascertain the relative presence of the service sector and the goods sector. It was found that 84% of the power women operate in the service sector and 16% operate in the goods sector. The 16% in the goods sector were also observed to be disproportionately present in companies related to food, health and personal products. It was further found that thirty-two (35%) of the women in the service sector were in public service or government, pointing to these areas providing upward mobility career paths for women. The implications for technology management in the two economic sectors and the issue of minor involvement of power women in technology management are reviewed.
A pineal regulatory element (PIRE) mediates transactivation by the pineal/retina-specific transcription factor CRX

The circadian hormone melatonin is synthesized predominantly in the pineal gland by the actions of two pineal-specific enzymes: serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal night-specific ATPase (PINA), another pineal- and night-specific protein we recently identified, is produced as a truncated form of the Wilson disease gene (Atp7b) product. To identify the regulatory elements required for pineal-specific gene expression, we isolated sequences upstream of the rat PINA gene and discovered a cis-acting element that is recognized by a novel pineal/retina-specific nuclear factor. This pineal regulatory element (PIRE) has a consensus of TAATC/T and is present in six copies in the 5′ regulatory region of the PINA gene, at least three copies in the rat NAT promoter, and at least one copy in each of the putative HIOMT promoters A and B. A recently identified retina-specific protein, cone rod homeobox (CRX), binds to PIRE in vitro and transactivates PIRE-reporter constructs. These data suggest that Crx may play a crucial role in regulating pineal gene expression through interactions with PIRE.
N = 2 superconformal algebras and Jordan triple systems

Abstract We give a construction of N = 2 superconformal algebras over hermitian Jordan triple systems (JTS). The N = 2 superconformal algebras obtained by this method correspond to realizations over hermitian symmetric spaces, which can be compact or non- compact. Over the hermitian JTS's one can construct a large class of N = 2 superconformal algebras with central charge c = 9, which characterize the “internal sector” of the four-dimensional superstring or heterotic string theories with N = 1 space-time supersymmetry.
Perturbations of iodine metabolism by lithium

Abstract A kinetic study of the effects of lithium on iodine metabolism in hyperthyroidism is reviewed. The analysis, carried out in collaboration with Mones Berman, disclosed several unexpected findings. In addition to the inhibition of thyroid iodine release predicted by animal studies, an apparent decrease in extrathyroidal iodine disappearance was observed. This was confirmed by a direct study of the metabolic clearance of labeled thyroxine in hyperthyroid subjects. In euthyroid subjects, lithium did not alter thyroxine disappearance. Also unexpectedly, the lithium-induced perturbations did not promptly return to the control state after the serum lithium level had become undetectable. This suggested a delayed release of lithium from extravascular pools, a phenomenon later described in bone. These findings demonstrated the power of kinetic modeling when used as an analytical tool.
Positive traits linked to less pain through lower pain catastrophizing

Abstract The present study examined the association between positive traits, pain catastrophizing, and pain perceptions. We hypothesized that pain catastrophizing would mediate the relationship between positive traits and pain. First, participants (n = 114) completed the Trait Hope Scale, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Participants then completed the experimental pain stimulus, a cold pressor task, by submerging their hand in a circulating water bath (0 °C) for as long as tolerable. Immediately following the task, participants completed the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ-SF). Pearson correlation found associations between hope and pain catastrophizing (r = −.41, p
Abstract LB-6: bHLH transcription factor Id4 plays a regulatory role in cell cycle control, apoptosis, and senescence in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer

Id4 belongs to a family of genes that are dominant negative regulators of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. Id4 expression shows an inverse correlation to Id1-3 expression in advanced metastatic prostate cancer which act as tumor promoter genes. Recent Id4 promoter hypermethyation data suggests that Id4 may act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer, and loss of Id4 expression may correlate with androgen insensitive prostate cancer progression. The inhibitory role of Id4 is characterized by inhibition of cancer progression and up regulation of tumor suppressor genes. In the DU145 prostate cancer cell line, Id4 down regulation is responsible for increased cell survival, metastasis and decreased apoptosis. Id4 absent/androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line DU145 was used to ectopically express Id4 mRNA and protein. This allowed for a novel identification of the role Id4 plays in cell cycle control, apoptosis and proliferation in an advanced prostate cancer model. FACS analysis highlighted the role of Id4 in cell cycle maintenance. Apoptosis assays support the tumor suppressor role of Id4 in DU145 cell lines. Senescence assays were also conducted on in Id4 expressing DU145 cells. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to study gene expression of downstream apoptosis and cell cycle control genes E-cadherin, p21, p27, p53, MDM2, E2F1 and, Androgen receptor. Du145 + Id4 prostate cancer cells have significantly decreased proliferation due to an S-phase arrest possibly associated with E2F-1 down regulation. The increased expression of E-cadherin, p27, p21 and p53 strengthens the hypothesis of Id4 as a tumor suppressor by regulating key cell cycle control and apoptosis associated genes. A functional androgen receptor was also induced in this androgen insensitive prostate cancer model. Id4 ectopic expression resulted in a significant decrease in Id1 and Id3, which are known contributors to metastasis and cell survival. This suggests that Id4 may inhibit bHLH transcription factors involved in proliferation, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Id4 induces apoptosis whether dependent/independent of the mutated p53 gene in DU145 cells. The presence of senescent cells in Id4 transfected cell lines suggest that Id 4 may also play a role in autophagic cell death. We conclude that the mechanism by which Id4 may act as a tumor suppressor is by influencing a hierarchy of cellular processes at multiple levels including, apoptosis, senescence and S-phase mediated cell cycle arrest, which results in changes to cell morphology, and androgen receptor response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-6.
An analysis of transverse fluctuations in multidimensional tunneling

Abstract We examine the asymptotic behaviour of the ground state tunnel-splitting of the multidimensional double well, with non-quadratic minima, where instanton techniques are inapplicable. We apply the recently developed path decomposition expansion for two model problems; the important effects of the transverse degrees of freedom are explored. In particular we discuss tunneling in the presences of a vacuum valley, which describes features exhibited in SU(2) gauge theories in a finite volume.
Reflection shadow imaging of crystal surface by low-voltage point-reflection electron microscopy

Abstract We present experimental observations of low-voltage point-projection electron microscopy (PPM) in the reflection geometry (point-reflection electron microscopy (PRM)) and their interpretations. The cone of rays originating from an electron-field-emitter tip placed near the surface of a bulk crystal is Bragg reflected, and shadow images of the surface form inside each Bragg-reflected order. Shadow images of the cleaved GaAs (1 0 0) surface were obtained, using electrons of a few hundred volts kinetic energy. They are images of the same surface, projected from different virtual source directions beneath the surface. Reflected line patterns were also observed. Their origins are given, based on results from simulation and three-dimensional electron ray-tracing calculations. The instrument is promising for obtaining simple LEEM-type and stereographic images of crystal surface, since the shadow image in each reflected Bragg disk provides a projection of the surface from a different perspective.
Resistively loaded loop as a pulse-receiving antenna

The impedance-loaded loop antenna is theoretically analyzed in steady state using the Fourier series expansion technique. An expression is derived for the receiving transfer function or sensitivity. An equivalent circuit for the receiving antenna is presented. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the dependence of sensitivity on frequency, loop radius, distributed resistance, and incident wave direction. The time-domain receiving response of a resistively loaded loop antenna is calculated for Gaussian and differentiated-Gaussian incident wave pulses, and the numerical results are discussed. >
Substance use problems reported by college students: combined marijuana and alcohol use versus alcohol-only use

This study examines the relationships among selected demographic characteristics, alcohol use only, alcohol plus marijuana use and substance-use related problems. Data are from 409 randomly selected undergraduate college students attending a large urban university. Poly-substance users were more likely than alcohol only users to be younger and experience all substance-use related problems studied. The relationship between poly-substance use and increased substance use-associated problems was also identified when controlling for other common predictors of substance use problems.
cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate, a sex stimulant of the European corn borer.

The compound cis -11-tetradecenyl acetate was identified as a male sex stimulant of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The compound has the same gas-liquid chromatographic and biological properties as the natural pheromone.
Cholinesterase in muscle of dystrophic hamsters (Bio-40.54)

Isozyme patterns of cholinesterase (ChE) from heart, tongue, and skeletal muscle of normal and dystrophic hamsters are presented. Two principal bands, bands 1 and 2, were evaluated. Band 1 migrates faster towards the anode than does band 2. While bands 1 and 2 stain for AChE and were found in control muscles, only band 2 was stained by a pseudocholinesterase (BuChE) and was decreased in samples from dystrophic hamsters. The decrease in BuChE was most pronounced in dystrophic heart muscle. The low level of BuChE measured for dystrophic animal tissue was similar to isozyme patterns found in embryonic tissue and in denervated muscle. BuChE obtained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis along with 16S AchE appears to be a useful biochemical marker of nerve-muscle interactions.
Cabibbo-suppressed nonleptonic decays of charmed mesons

Test of the Glashow-Illiopoulos-Maiani Hamiltonian based on SU(3) symmetry are presented that do not depend on any enhancment assumptions. The significance of possible failures of these predictions are discussed with emphasis on alternative models involving right-handed currents.
Intensive blood and plasma exchange for treatment of coagulopathy in meningococcemia

Eight pediatric patients with fulminant meningococcemia, purpura, and disseminated intravascular coagulation who by multiple prognostic scoring systems were anticipated to have a poor outcome underwent intensive plasma exchange (IPE) or whole blood exchange (WBE) in addition to standard medical therapy. IPE/WBE was initiated shortly after admission with a mixture of both fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate as the replacement solution. All IPE procedures were performed using a continuous flow system and a red cell prime. The mean fibrinogen level increased from 62 to 192 mg/dl, the prothrombin time (PT) decreased from a mean of 32.4 seconds to 15.1 seconds, and the mean activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) decreased from 89.5 seconds to 40.1 seconds following completion of the initial IPE/WBE. There was a corresponding improvement in all coagulation factor levels but only slight improvement in antithrombin III (ATIII) and protein C levels. Seven of eight patients survived (87.5%) their initial presentation with the sole early death attributed to meningitis with cerebral edema. Mean fluid balance after the procedure was + 10.8 ± 5.87 cc/kg. There were no significant bleeding or cardiovascular complications during the procedure. There was no clinical or radiographic evidence of fluid overload after the procedure. This experience demonstrates that IPE/WBE may be conducted safely in critically ill, unstable pediatric patients and is effective in rapidly improving coagulopathy without fluid overload.
An end-to-end command and control concept for NASA data systems

Spacecraft command and control are currently taking on the characteristics of general computer-to-computer interprocess communication. The evolution of these systems during the 1980s will give NASA a true general-purpose end-to-end data request capability for the first time. This concept is presented in outline, with consideration of many of the detailed analyses and subsystem tradeoffs being performed as part of the NEEDS (NASA End-to-End Data System) program.
Synthesis and Structures of the μ-Vinylidene Binuclear Nickel Complexes [Ni2(μ-CCH2)(dmpm)2Cl2] and [Ni2(μ-CCH2)(dppm)2Br2]: Comparison of the Electronic Structures of Nickel A-Frames

The reaction of bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) with bis(dimethylphosphino)methane (dmpm) and 1,1-dichlorovinylidene in THF yields the vinylidene-bridged binuclear nickel A-frame complex [Ni2(μ-CCH2)(dmpm)2Cl2] (1a). The structure of 1a was determined by X-ray crystallography. The Ni−Ni separation is 2.898(2) A, and the vinylidene carbon−carbon bond distance is 1.35(2) A. The structure of the bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) bridged μ-vinylidene complex [Ni2(μ-CCH2)(dppm)2Br2] (2b) was also determined by X-ray crystallography. The Ni−Ni separation of 2.874(2) A for 2b is comparable to that of 1a. The series of μ-vinylidene nickel A-frames with substituted terminal ligands [Ni2(μ-CCH2)(PR2CH2PR2)2X2] (X = Cl, Br, I, R = Me; X = Cl, Br, I, NCS, OCN; R = Ph) were prepared and characterized. The nickel A-frames with different bridging ligands [Ni2(μ-CE)(dppm)2Cl2] (E = O, NPh) were also examined. Extended Huckel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations indicate that the HOMO in these nickel A-frame complexes is...
Microwave Magnetoimpedance of Superconducting Tin

Measurements, using a bimodal cavity, of the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the surface impedance of a single crystal of superconducting tin at a frequency of 23.5 Gc/sec are reported. In the geometry used, the static and microwave magnetic fields were parallel over the surface of the sample. The temperature dependence of the reactance in zero field agrees well with that calculated by Miller from the BCS theory. A small unexpected knee in the temperature dependence of the resistance is observed, centered around a reduced temperature of $t=0.88$. This knee may arise from a band of $p$ electrons with a smaller energy gap whose temperature dependence differs markedly from the BCS form, as proposed by Suhl, Matthias, and Walker. The change of surface resistance with applied field is found to be negative in the temperature range of the knee with the greatest negative dependence occuring at the center of the knee. The change of resistance is found to be positive outside this temperature range. The change of reactance with field is found to be positive. The association of the negative field dependence of the surface impedance with a band of $p$ electrons is shown to give a qualitative explanation of the field dependence as observed in this and other investigations.
Supporting CS10K: A New Computer Science Methods Course for Mathematics Education Students

We describe a new methods of teaching computer science (CS) course tailored for mathematics education majors but also applicable to others interested in teaching CS. Goals of the course are enhancing their ability and confidence in developing and offering CS courses at high schools and starting CS courses at high schools that do not offer them. The course involves a combination of reading, programming, lesson/unit plan development, code reviews, and discussion of the various paradigms for introducing CS at the secondary level. Results indicate the course enhances the students' confidence, ability, and preparation for teaching CS in high schools.
Thermally induced radial cracking in fuel element pellets

Abstract An investigation is made of the fracture properties of cylindrical nuclear fuel pellets. Using concepts from linear elastic fracture analysis and considering the stability of patterns of interacting cracks, the propagation of radial surface cracks into a cylindrical fuel column under the influence of thermal loading is studied. It is found that irrespective of the number of symmetrically placed cracks, only two cracks on opposite sides will tend to propagate until they coalesce. The nature of the crack growth until failure deduced from concepts of stability is discussed in detail. Numerical results using data for a typical advanced core fuel rod with mixed-carbide [UC + PuC] fuel, are given.
Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Donor−Acceptor π-Conjugated Siloles

An efficient method is presented for the synthesis of novel donor−acceptor silole chromophores through selective monohalogenation of 2,5-dimetallosiloles followed by Negishi alkyne cross-coupling reactions. The electronic properties and crystal packing of these new siloles can be controlled through judicious combinations of peripheral functional groups.
Sebaceous gland adenoma of the tarsal conjunctiva in a patient with Muir–Torre syndrome

Abstract Purpose To highlight the recognition and diagnosis of Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS) in patients with sebaceous tumors of the eyelid/conjunctiva and to determine the role of immunohistochemical markers as a screening test in patients with Muir–Torre syndrome. Design Single interventional case report. Methods The clinical and family history was reviewed from the records of a 41-year-old man who had a sebaceous gland adenoma of the tarsal conjunctiva of the left upper eyelid. The lesion was completely excised and submitted for histopathologic examination. Immunohistochemical stains using an antibody to MSH2 were performed on the paraffin-embedded sections of the tumor. Results Histopathologic examination of the tumor showed a lobular pattern with basaloid cells at the periphery of the lobules with central areas of sebaceous differentiation. Immunohistochemical stains showed a lack of MSH2 expression in the tumor, which is highly consistent with MTS. Conclusions Muir–Torre syndrome should be considered in patients initially seen with sebaceous tumors of the eyelid. Immunohistochemistry for MSH2 is a practical initial approach to screen for MTS in patients with sebaceous tumors.
Micromachined acoustic sensor array with diffraction-based optical interferometric detection

A diffraction-based interferometric optical detection method for micromachined acoustic sensors can provide better sensitivity as compared to conventional capacitance detection schemes especially at low frequency range. The optical detection method, complete with optoelectronics readout, can be integrated with a capacitive micromachined acoustic transducer. The method is utilized on a 19×19 capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) array to demonstrate ultrasonic imaging of wire targets at 750kHz in air. A silicon photodiode (PD) array is also designed and fabricated in a standard 1.3μm CMOS technology, and through-wafer etching of holes for optical interconnect is performed on the same silicon platform. Further improvement of displacement sensitivity in a resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) acoustic sensor is theoretically analyzed including the loss effect in the mirror, and the theoretical results are experimentally verified by measurements on devices with a thin metallic bottom mirror made of silver.
A comparative study of ESD of positive and negative ions from CO on tungsten

Abstract Electron stimulated desorption of O− ions has been demonstrated from the CO/W system. Ion yields are shown to be approximately a factor of 50 smaller for O− than for O+. The O− species is shown to originate from both α-CO adsorption states with an estimated 80% of the O− signal coming from the CO+ producing α-state. Preliminary results indicate that the ion energy distribution for O− is broader and peaks at a higher energy than for the O+ ions.
Topology preserving maps: extracting layout maps of wireless sensor networks from virtual coordinates

A method for obtaining topology-preserving maps (TPMs) from virtual coordinates (VCs) of wireless sensor networks is presented. In a virtual coordinate system (VCS), a node is identified by a vector containing its distances, in hops, to a small subset of nodes called anchors. Layout information such as physical voids, shape, and even relative physical positions of sensor nodes with respect to $x$ - $y$ directions are absent in a VCS description. The proposed technique uses Singular Value Decomposition to isolate dominant radial information and to extract topological information from the VCS for networks deployed on 2-D/3-D surfaces and in 3-D volumes. The transformation required for TPM extraction can be generated using the coordinates of a subset of nodes, resulting in sensor-network-friendly implementation alternatives. TPMs of networks representing a variety of topologies are extracted. Topology preservation error $({ E}_{\rm TP})$ , a metric that accounts for both the number and degree of node flips, is defined and used to evaluate 2-D TPMs. The techniques extract TPMs with $({ E}_{\rm TP})$ less than 2%. Topology coordinates provide an economical alternative to physical coordinates for many sensor networking algorithms.
A proposed management algorithm for fistulae between hemodialysis access circuits and adjacent veins.

PURPOSE Fistulae between an arteriovenous hemodialysis graft (AVG) or fistula (AVF) and an adjacent vein are an unusual complication of hemodialysis access. Such fistulae may theoretically cause steal syndrome, extremity edema, or access dysfunction. We sought to use our experience and existing literature to develop a management algorithm for this access complication. METHODS Twelve patients with AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae found on fistulography were identified using a quality assurance database. Indications for fistulography, treatment rendered for both the fistulae and access stenosis, and outcome of treatment were determined. AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae, when identified and considered to be significant, were treated with embolization. RESULTS Five out of twelve patients had successful embolization of their AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae. Reasons for treatment included partial thrombosis of the access to the level of the fistula (n=1), contribution to bleeding during dialysis (n=1), and concern for competing flow causing thrombosis (n=5). No recurrence was identified. Seven patients did not undergo embolization either because of failure to recognize the fistula (n=3) or determination that treatment was not indicated (n=4). Two untreated fistulae were found occluded at follow-up. Additional access treatment included angioplasty (n=11), covered stent (n=1), and mechanical thrombectomy (n=3). CONCLUSIONS The significance of AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae remains unclear; some resolve spontaneously, possibly related to PTA of outflow stenosis. Embolotherapy is an effective treatment for such fistulae when determined to be significant.
Response of three types of transient combustion models to gun pressurization

Abstract : Three types of models for transient solid propellant combustion are applied under an imposed pressure history of a 105 mm tank gun. The three types are: (1) dp/dt dependence, (2) Quasi Steady Heat Feedback One Dimensional (QSHOD), and (3) Zeldovich. Each predicts a qualitatively different response for the same propellant thermal and thermodynamic properties under the same imposed pressure history. (Author)
Hyperbolic Fibrations ofPG(3,q)

A hyperbolic fibration is set ofq?1 hyperbolic quadrics and two lines which together partition the points ofPG(3,q). The classical example of a hyperbolic fibration comes from a pencil of quadrics; however, several other families are known. In this paper we construct a new family of hyperbolic fibrations for odd prime powersq.As an application of hyperbolic fibrations, we note that they can be used to construct 2q?1(not necessarily inequivalent) spreads ofPG(3,q) by choosing one ruling family from each of the hyperbolic quadrics in the fibration. For our new fibration we discuss some properties of the spreads obtained in the above manner.
Strontium barium niobate single‐crystal fibers: Optical and electro‐optic properties

The room‐temperature transverse electro‐optic, rc, coefficient, halfwave voltage, Vπ, and temperature dependence of the birefringence, Δn0(T), were determined for Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 single‐crystal fibers produced by the laser‐heated pedestal growth technique. The effect cerium doping, 0.034 at. %, had on the measured properties is also reported. Concurrent measurements on a Czochralski‐grown Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 single crystal enabled comparison of the single‐crystal fibers to a bulk‐grown single crystal. The growth rate of the Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 single‐crystal fibers was approximately an order of magnitude greater than the Czochralski‐grown Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 single crystal. The effect the rapid growth rate had on the optical properties is also discussed.
Persistence of singly dispersed silver nanoparticles in natural freshwaters, synthetic seawater, and simulated estuarine waters

This investigation focuses on predicting the persistence of citrate-capped 20 nm AgNPs by measuring their colloidal stability in natural freshwaters and synthetic aquatic media. Ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the colloidal stability of AgNPs in locally-obtained pond water, moderately hard reconstituted water alone or with natural organic matter (NOM), synthetic seawater, and also the individual chemicals most prevalent in seawater. Singly dispersed AgNPs in seawater and waters with greater than 20 mmol L(-1) sodium chloride were unstable, with the optical absorbance approaching zero within the first ten hours of mixing. Agglomeration rates as a function of water chemistry and NOM are tested as a hypothesis to explain the rates of disappearance of singly dispersed AgNPs. Other samples, mostly those with lower salinity or NOM, maintained varying degrees of colloidal stability during time studies up to 48 h. This indicates likelihood that some AgNPs will be stable long enough in freshwater to successfully enter estuarine or marine systems. These results should enable a more efficient design of nanoEHS risk assessment experiments by predicting the aquatic or soil compartments at greatest potential risk for accumulation of and exposure to citrate capped 20 nm AgNPs.
The impact of marital status and quality on family functioning in maternal chronic illness

Married individuals tend to enjoy greater health and well-being than nonmarried. However, investigators disagree about whether this is related to the quality of the marriage or to participation in the socially accepted role of marriage. In the present study, we examined the roles of marital quality and marital status as predictors of the family's adjustment processes in the context of maternal chronic illness. We found that the family functioning of single women and unhappily married women was similar and that happily married women enjoyed higher levels of family functioning and family coping. Unhappily married women reported more illness demands, particularly on their time and energy, than did happily married or single women. We suggest it is the quality of the marital interaction, and not the role benefits of marriage, that facilitates family adjustment under conditions of maternal chronic illness.
Loss of serotonin uptake sites and immunoreactivity in rat cortex after dexfenfluramine occur without parallel glial cell reactions.

Abstract The frontal cortices of rats which received either d,l - or d -fenfluramine (DFEN) for 4 days were examined 18 h to 2 weeks following treatment for changes in synaptosomal uptake of serotonin (5HT), paroxetine binding, 5HT-immunoreactivity (5HT-IR), and both astrocytic (GFAP) and microglial markers. Additional rats received intracerebroventricular injections of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT). Consistent with previous reports, d,l - and DFEN produced dose-dependent losses of both 5HT uptake and paroxetine binding, and loss of 5HT-IR which coincided with an abnormal or ‘swollen’ appearance of immunoreactive axon processes. Recovery of these serotonergic indices was greatest following the lowest doses of DFEN, but was absent after 5,7-DHT treatment. No evidence for an increase in GFAP synthesis or microglial activation was observed in frontal cortices of rats treated with either DFEN or 5,7-DHT. We conclude that the presence of swollen 5HT-IR axons in the cortices of both the 5,7-DHT and DFEN groups is insufficient to trigger the glial responses often associated with neuronal degeneration. Thus, it remains to be determined if swollen 5HT-IR axons are a prelude to neurodegeneration, or whether they represent reversible changes in axonal immunochemistry associated with decreases in 5HT levels. The implications of the data for the clinical safety of DFEN are briefly discussed.
Nucleation and growth of YBa2Cu3Ox on SrTiO3 and CeO2 by a BaF2 postdeposition reaction process

The nucleation and growth of the c-axis-aligned Yba2Cu3Ox on SrTiO3 and CeO2, from precursor films, were studied by examining quenched and fully processed specimens using transmission electron microscopy techniques. The precursor films, a stoichiometric mixture of fine-grained Y, Cu, and BaF2, were deposited using physical vapor deposition methods. An Y-Ba oxy-fluoride formed from the precursor contributed to the nucleation of Yba2Cu3Ox, while a liquid layer between the unreacted precursor and the Yba2Cu3Ox layer played an important role in the growth of Yba2Cu3Ox. However, the process of nucleation of Yba2Cu3Ox on SrTiO3 and CeO2 were significantly different.
Mechanism of halide-stimulated activity of chloroperoxidase evidence for enzymatic formation of free hypohalous acid.

In acidic solutions, bromide stimulates H2O2 decomposition catalyzed by chloroperoxidase or horseradish peroxidase, altogether similar to stimulation, by chloride and bromide, of H2O2 oxidation by HOCl. Low levels of an ultrapure NaCl inhibited chloroperoxidase catalatic activity whereas very high concentrations of this salt stimulated the reaction. The stimulation reflects low bromide contamination of the ultra-pure NaCl, which is considerably less than Br− levels in most AR grade chloride salts. In all of these systems, bromide functions as a catalyst which is first oxidized to Br2 by HOX (added directly or generated enzymatically), and subsequently regenerated by H2O2 reduction of Br2. These results provide strong support for a dissociable species, most likely HOX, as the first product of chloroperoxidase catalyzed oxidation of Br− and Cl− by H2O2.
Compressive response of Z-pinned woven glass fiber textile composite laminates: Experiments

In the first of this two part sequel, experimental results pertaining to the compressive response and failure of Z-pinned S-Glass fiber, plain-weave laminated composites are presented. These experiments are motivated by a need to understand the effect of Z-pinning on the strength and stiffness of these composites. A series of experiments are performed based upon density of the Z-pins and the diameter of the Z-pins. It is concluded that the damage zone around a Z-pin plays an important role in influencing the stiffness and strength of the Z-pin composite. In part 2 of this sequel, a 3D finite element (FE) based numerical model (based upon the composite microstructure acquired from scanning electron micrograph-SEM images) are used to capture details of the observed failure mechanisms and to provide predictions of the stiffness and strength of the composite.
The Human Face of Japan's Leadership: Twelve Portraits

Foreword by George R. Packard Introducing Japan International Politicians Bureaucrats Businessmen Index
Temperature insensitive design of Fabry-Perot etalon

A new design of a Fabry-Perot etalon for reducing temperature dependence is proposed and demonstrated. An experiment using a 60-/spl mu/m-thick etalon with a 13-nm free-spectral range at 1550-nm wavelength showed that the wavelength at resonance observed in the transmission spectrum was very stable and stayed within a range of 0.02 nm over a temperature range from 5/spl deg/C to 85/spl deg/C.
Parallel assembly of high-aspect-ratio microstructures

In this paper, a prototype robotic workcell for the parallel assembly of LIGA components is described. A Cartesian robot is used to press 386 and 485 micron diameter pins into a LIGA substrate and then place a 3-inch diameter wafer with LIGA gears onto the pins. Upward and downward looking microscopes are used to locate holes in the LIGA substrate, pins to be pressed in the holes, and gears to be placed on the pins. This vision system can locate parts within 3 microns, while the Cartesian manipulator can place the parts within 0.4 microns.
Interferon-α targets JAK2V617F-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells and acts through the p38 MAPK pathway

Objective Interferon-α (IFNα) therapy leads to hematological remissions and a reduction of the JAK2V617F allele burden in patients with polycythemia vera (PV). In this study, the cellular target by which IFNα affects hematopoiesis in PV patients was evaluated. Materials and Methods CD34 + cells were isolated from normal bone marrow and the peripheral blood of patients with PV and were treated in vitro with each of the three commercially available forms of IFNα: IFNα 2b, pegylated IFNα 2a (Peg-IFNα 2a), and pegylated IFNα 2b (Peg-IFNα 2b). Results Each form of IFNα was equally potent in suppressing hematopoietic colony formation by normal CD34 + cells, but Peg-IFNα 2a and IFNα 2b were more effective than Peg-IFNα 2b in inhibiting burst-forming unit erythroid−derived colony formation by PV CD34 + cells. In addition, exposure of PV CD34 + cells to equal doses of Peg-IFNα 2a and IFNα 2b resulted in a 38% to 40% reduction in the proportion of JAK2V617F-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), while equivalent doses of Peg-IFNα 2b did not reduce the number of malignant HPC. Further studies explored the mechanism by which IFNα induced PV HPC growth inhibition. Treatment of Peg-IFNα 2a increased the rate of apoptosis of PV CD34 + cells and the phosphorylation/activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in PV CD34 + cells, while the p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 reversed the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by Peg-IFNα 2a. Conclusion These data suggest that low doses of IFNα selectively and directly suppress PV JAK2V617F HPC and that these agents act through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
The impedance of an electric dipole in a magneto-ionic medium

This paper evaluates the impedance of a finite electric dipole immersed in a homogeneous, anisotropic, magneto-ionic medium with parameters appropriate to "whistler" frequencies in the ionosphere, i.e., X > Y^{2} \gg 1 . Although the basic formulation is also valid when collision frequency is taken into account, the computations presented here were made under the assumption that the collision frequency is zero. Under this assumption, all the matrices involved are Hermitian and the computations are simplified considerably. It is pointed out that in the ionosphere the VLF point dipole will have an infinite resistance as well as reactance even when neglecting losses in the medium. This "infinity catastrophe" cannot be removed by assuming small losses in the medium. It can be removed only by considering the finite dimensions of the antenna. A physical explanation of this phenomenon is presented, and some results for both resistance and reactance are given as a function of antenna dimensions, orientation and ionospheric parameters. A discussion of the far-field antenna pattern is also presented.