cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of pH on the propagation of the diploid cell WI-38 in galactose medium.

The pH range for optimal growth of WI-38 in Eagle's minimum essential medium varies with the carbohydrate utilized. Growth with glucose occurred only in the pH range 6.8–7.4. Glucose-free galactose supported growth only if the pH of the medium was adjusted to 6.4–6.8. Supplementing the galactose medium with pyruvate extended the pH range for growth to 7.4. The addition of 0.01% glucose to the galactose medium increased growth at pH 7.0–7.4, reduced growth at pH 6.8, and completely inhibited growth at pH 6.6. This toxic effect of glucose under conditions impairing glycolysis was considered to be a contributing factor to the post-confluent growth rate decline associated with “contact inhibition.”
The reactivity of hydroxyl groups toward ammonia on Ni( 1 1 0 ) surfaces

Abstract The chemistry of ammonia on Ni(1 1 0) single-crystal surfaces in the presence of hydroxyl (OH) groups was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Submonolayer coverages of OH groups on the Ni(1 1 0) surface were shown to exert a strong influence on the thermal chemistry of ammonia. In particular, NH3 TPD spectra from NH3/OH/Ni(1 1 0) display the following significant changes from those obtained with the NH3/Ni(1 1 0) system: (1) the appearance of high-temperature ammonia, water and hydrogen peaks at ∼400 K; (2) an overall reduction of the ammonia that adsorbs directly on Ni sites (the α-NH3 state); and (3) an upward shift in the desorption temperature of the NH3 hydrogen bonded to other surface species (the β-NH3 state). Although desorption of ammonia at ∼400 K is also seen in the NH3/O/Ni(1 1 0) system, the changes in the α- and β-NH3 states are much less evident there than with the surface hydroxyls. A similar behavior was also observed in the thermal chemistry of ammonia in the presence of surface water, particularly when activated by appropriate annealing prior to ammonia dosing. The influence of OH species on the thermal chemistry of ammonia on Ni(1 1 0) is interpreted in terms of the adsorbing geometry of the OH groups on the surface and of hydrogen bonding between adsorbed OH and NH3 species.
Accuracy Expectations for Gas Turbine and Centrifugal Compressor Performance Testing

Engineers inexperienced with testing or interpretation of test results from gas turbine/centrifugal compressor sets may not be familiar with the uncertainties stemming from measuring instrument and reading errors. This may be because only a few specialists are acquainted with the applicable engineering statistics and acceptable measurement accuracy levels, but it is also probably due to the unavailability of clear, simply worded documentation of the principles involved. Because there are significant uncertainties in power and specific fuel consumption results of such tests, it is important for concerned engineers to recognize and to develop a sensitivity for the various measurement errors and to take them into account when judging the actual equipment performance. This paper outlines a simple procedure for estimating instrument errors and for assessing their influences on the final results. In addition it illustrates justifiable accuracy expectations of gas turbine/compressor system tests and it may be a starting reference for those interested in the subject.Copyright © 1982 by ASME
Biochemical and pharmacological properties of a new thrombin-like serine protease (Russelobin) from the venom of Russell's Viper (Daboia russelii russelii) and assessment of its therapeutic potential

Abstract Background Snake venoms are rich sources of bioactive molecules, and several venom-derived proteins have entered clinical trials for use in ischemic disorders; however, late-stage failure of a recent drug candidate due to low in vivo efficacy demonstrated the need for new sources of fibrinogenolytic drug candidates. Methods A 51.3 kDa thrombin-like serine protease (Russelobin) purified from the venom of Russell's Viper (Daboia russelii russelii) was subjected to extensive biochemical characterization, including N-terminal sequencing, substrate specificity, kinetic and inhibitor assays, glycosylation analysis and stability assays. Toxicity and pathology analyses were conducted in NSA mice. Results Russelobin has extensive N-terminus identity with a beta-fibrinogenase-like serine proteinase precursor from Daboia russelii siamensis venom, a mass of 51.3 kDa and contains extensive N-linked oligosaccharides. Serine protease inhibitors and heparin significantly decreased activity, with much lower inhibition by DTT, antithrombin-III and α2-macroglobulin. Russelobin preferentially released FPA and slowly released FPB from human fibrinogen, forming a labile fibrin clot readily hydrolyzed by plasmin. The partially deglycosylated enzyme showed significantly lower activity toward fibrinogen and less resistance against neutralization by plasma α2MG and antithrombin-III. Russelobin was non-cytotoxic, non-lethal and produced no histopathologies in mice, and it demonstrated in vivo dose-dependent defibrinogenating activity. Conclusions Russelobin is an A/B fibrinogenase with high specificity toward fibrinogen, both in vitro and in vivo. Extensive glycosylation appears to protect the molecule against endogenous protease inhibitors, prolonging its in vivo efficacy. General significance Due to its low toxicity, stability and activity as a defibrinogenating agent, Russelobin shows high potential for cardiovascular drug development.
Quality improvement efforts at St Mary’s Hospital: a case study

In recent years, there has been significant interest in the application of continuous quality improvement (CQI) into health care organizations. This paper reports the findings of an in‐depth, detailed investigation to identify and assess the ingredients that lead to the successful implementation of CQI programs in the emergency care of St Mary’s Hospital in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The field work was undertaken from January to November 1996.
Intrinsic Sexually Dimorphic Expression of the Principal Human CYP3A4 Correlated with Suboptimal Activation of GH/Glucocorticoid-Dependent Transcriptional Pathways in Men

Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 is the principal and most abundant human isoform of CYP responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of all consumed drugs and innumerable endogenous compounds. Expression of CYP3A4 is sexually dimorphic and regulated by the combined actions of GH and glucocorticoids. In the case of the rat, nearly all of the CYPs are "intrinsically" or "inherently" sexually dimorphic, meaning that the expressed sex differences are permanent and irreversible. Using primary hepatocyte cultures derived from men and women exposed to physiologic-like levels of continuous GH (the feminine circulating profile) alone, dexamethasone alone, and the combined regimen, we observed a dramatic inherent CYP3A4 sexual dimorphism (women more than men) with all treatments. The molecular basis for this intrinsic sexually dimorphic expression of CYP3A4 appears to be due, at least in part, to a greater level of hormone-dependent activation and nuclear translocation of both hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) and pregnane X receptor in female hepatocytes. Furthermore, these transcription factors exhibited significantly higher DNA binding levels to their specific motifs on the CYP3A4 promoter in female hepatocytes, inferring a possible explanation for the elevated expression of CYP3A4 in women. Accordingly, experiments using HepG2 cells treated with small inhibitory RNA-induced knockdown of HNF-4α and/or transfected with luciferase reporter constructs containing a CYP3A4 promoter lacking HNF-4α-binding motifs demonstrated that GH, to a greater extent dexamethasone, and to the greatest extent the combine hormone regimen, stimulated HNF-4α and pregnane X receptor promoter transactivation, signifying enhanced transcription of CYP3A4 and, thus, identifying a molecular mechanism contributing to the intrinsic sexual dimorphic expression of human CYP3A4.
In vitro evidence that the reduction in mesencepalic dopaminergic neurons in the weaver heterozygote is not due to a failure in target cell interaction

The murine weaver (wv) mutation is characterized by a genetically determined loss of several neuronal populations, which include the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Animals homozygous for the wv gene exhibit marked deficits in dopaminergic morphological and neurochemical parameters. The wv gene shows incomplete dominance in that heterozygous (wv/+) mice exhibit moderate reductions in midbrain dopaminergic neuron number. It is unclear whether the dopaminergic neuronal loss in homozygous and heterozygous animals results from an effect of the wv gene solely on the dopaminergic neurons or is due to a failure of interaction of dopaminergic neurons with target cells of the striatum. This issue has been addressed utilizing three-dimensional reaggregate tissue cultures to determine whether the wv gene acts directly on the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Embryonic mesencephalon and striatum from wv/+ and wild-type (+/+) brains were dissociated and the cells recombined into four mesencephalic-striatal aggregate combinations: (1) mesencephalic(+/+)-striatal(+/+)aggregates; (2) mesencephalic(wv/+)-striatal(wv/+)aggregates; (3) mesencephalic(wv/+)-striatal(+/+)aggregates; and (4) mesencephalic(+/+)-striatal(wv/+)aggregates. At 29 days and 57 days of culture, the number of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine content from mesencephalic-striatal aggregates consisting of mixed genotype or from only wv/+ tissue were quantitated and compared with that from mesencephalic-striatal cultures prepared from +/+ tissue alone. At both culture time points, aggregates containing wv/+ mesencephalon coaggregated with either wv/+ or +/+ striatum contained fewer dopaminergic neurons than mesencephalic-striatal cultures composed of only +/+ cells. Coaggregation of +/+ mesencephalon with wv/+ striatum did not have a detrimental effect on dopaminergic cell number. The findings demonstrate that the difference in the number of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons between wv/+ and +/+ animals seen in vivo can be reproduced in three-dimensional reaggregate culture. Since the coculture of +/+ striatum with wv/+ mesencephalon did not appear to rescue wv/+ dopaminergic neurons in the aggregates as compared to wv/+ striatum and, wv/+ striatum proved to be a perfectly adequate target for +/+ mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, it appears that the effect of the wv gene is on the dopaminergic neurons themselves.
Low activated coagulation time during cardiopulmonary bypass does not increase postoperative bleeding

The activated coagulation time (ACT) is widely used to monitor adequacy of anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass despite absence of data establishing an ACT below which adverse outcomes occur. For anticoagulation before cardiopulmonary bypass, we administered a single dose of heparin (300 U/kg) to 193 patients and measured ACT and heparin levels at intervals after administration. No additional heparin was administered to any patient. Clot formation in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit and excessive postoperative chest tube drainage were considered outcomes indicating inadequate anticoagulation. Cardiopulmonary bypass averaged 59 +/- 23 minutes (range, 30 to 138 minutes). Activated coagulation time values at every sampling period were normally distributed. In 51 patients (26.4%) ACT values were less than 400 seconds, including 4 less than 300 seconds, at some sampling time after heparinization. Patients with low ACT values did not bleed more postoperatively than those with high ACT values, nor was bleeding related to heparin level. No clots were found in any perfusion circuit. We conclude that a minimum ACT value for adequacy of heparinization is not yet defined but that it is less than 400 seconds.
Control strategy of a multi-port, grid connected, direct-DC PV charging station for plug-in electric vehicles

Photovoltaic modules have become a viable renewable energy source for energy systems in communications, commercial, and residential applications. Plug-in electric or hybrid vehicles appear in the market as an emerging technology to reduce carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency. PV modules and plug-in hybrid vehicles interact with the power grid as energy source and energy storage elements, respectively, however little was reported on energy conversion systems featuring three-way energy flow among the power grid, PV modules, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. This paper proposes a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) solar carport charging station concept featuring a multi-port power electronic interface among photovoltaic modules, PHEVs, and the power grid. A unique control strategy is implemented, allowing efficient energy transfer while reducing the conversion stages between the source and load. The system is designed to be modular to improve flexibility and allow for ease of expansion. In the proposed system, a single modular system will provide charging for two parking spaces.
The Nuclear Receptor Co-repressor (N-CoR) Utilizes Repression Domains I and III for Interaction and Co-repression with ETO *

The acute human leukemias are associated with the presence of chimeric gene products that arise from spontaneous chromosomal translocations. The t(8;21) translocation gene product led to the discovery of the Eight Twenty-One (ETO) gene. When fused to RUNX1, ETO is thought to mediate the formation of a repressive complex at RUNX1-dependent genes. ETO has also been found to act as a co-repressor of the promyelocytic zinc finger and Bcl-6 oncoproteins, suggesting that it may play a common role as a transcriptional co-repressor leading to human disease. An analysis of ETO-mediated repression revealed that one of the key binding partners of ETO is the nuclear receptor co-repressor (N-CoR). It is shown that two highly conserved domains of ETO interact with repression domains I and III of N-CoR. One of the ETO domains displays significant homology to Drosophila TAF(II)110, whereas the other is a predicted zinc binding motif that engages a conserved PPLXP motif in repression domain III of N-CoR. Together, these domains of ETO cooperate in repression with N-CoR and the binding sites in N-CoR overlap with those for other repressive factors. Thus, ETO has the potential to participate in a number of repressive complexes, which can be distinguished by their binding partners and target genes.
Termination of the breeding season in the Suffolk ewe: involvement of an endogenous rhythm of reproduction.

Two studies were performed to determine if the transition into anestrus in the Suffolk ewe results from the lack of a decrease in photoperiod, a signal suggested to be important in maintaining the breeding season, or from an obligatory turn-off that reflects the expression of an endogenous rhythm of reproduction. Shortly after the autumnal equinox, three groups of ovariectomized ewes bearing s.c. Silastic implants of estradiol were placed in different lighting environments. A control group was exposed to normal variations in day length until the winter solstice and held on that day length thereafter. The two experimental groups experienced either a continuously decreasing day length or a continuously increasing duration of elevated melatonin levels during each 24-h period until mid-March. Reproductive activity, assessed by circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), was marginally extended (2-3 wk) in the experimental groups. In a second experiment, two groups of ovary-intact ewes were exposed to photoperiodic treatments shortly after the winter solstice. A control group was held on the winter solstice day length (10L:14D) until the end of the study in mid-March. The experimental group experienced a 3-h photoperiodic reduction to 7L:17D. It remained to determine if that abrupt decrease could maintain reproductive induction. Again, the cessation of reproductive induction was marginally delayed in the experimental group (2-3 wk). This marginal delay in the arrest of reproductive activity seen in both experiments indicates that the lack of decrease in day length around and after the winter solstice may play some role in timing the end of the breeding season. However, our inability to prevent or markedly delay the termination of reproductive activity leads to the conclusion that the primary reason for the transition into anestrus is an obligatory turn-off. This obligatory process may be the expression of an underlying endogenous rhythm of reproduction.
Short synthesis of a novel class of salvinorin A analogs with hemiacetalic structure

Novel semisynthetic analogs of salvinorin A, a full agonist having extraordinary affinity as well as selectivity for the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), were obtained in good yields. The derivatives are remarkable for their unusual and unique hemiacetal structure in the salvinorin series of compounds. The formation of the hemiacetal occurs with epimerization at C-12, thus preserving the original configuration of salvinorin A. The dimethyl ester derivative of the hemiacetal was found to have an affinity for both KOR and MOR (μ-opioid receptor).
Aspects of the media and their relevance to bulimic attitudes and tendencies among female college students.

Abstract We examined whether media pressures would mediate the association between two dimensions of the media (source of information and internalization) and bulimic attitudes/tendencies. The study sample consisted of 106 female college students ( M age = 19.9; range = 18–22). Participants completed anonymous, self-report measures on media influences on body image and appearance as well as disordered eating attitudes/behaviors. Findings showed that the association between two dimensions of the media (source of information and internalization) and bulimic attitudes/tendencies was mediated by perceived media pressures. Such findings highlight the significant influence of media pressures on bulimic attitudes/tendencies. Future research and prevention implications are discussed.
Intermittency as a codimension-three phenomenon

We analyze the interaction of three Hopf modes and show that locally a bifurcation gives rise to intermittency between three periodic solutions. This phenomenon can occur naturally in three-parameter families. Consider a vector fieldf with an equilibrium and suppose that the linearization off about this equilibrium has three rationally independent complex conjugate pairs of eigenvalues on the imaginary axis. As the parameters are varied, generically three branches of periodic solutions bifurcate from the steady-state solution. Using Birkhoff normal form, we can approximatef close to the bifurcation point by a vector field commuting with the symmetry group of the three-torus. The resulting system decouples into phase amplitude equations. The main part of the analysis concentrates on the amplitude equations in R3 that commute with an action ofZ2+Z2+Z2. Under certain conditions, there exists an asymptotically stable heteroclinic cycle. A similar example of such a phenomenon can be found in recent work by Guckenheimer and Holmes. The heteroclinic cycle connects three fixed points in the amplitude equations that correspond to three periodic orbits of the vector field in Birkhoff normal form. We can considerf as being an arbitrarily small perturbation of such a vector field. For this perturbation, the heteroclinic cycle disappears, but an “invariant” region where it was is still stable. Thus, we show that nearby solutions will still cycle around among the three periodic orbits.
Interploid St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze) hybrids recovered by embryo rescue

St. Augustinegrass is one of the most important warm season turfgrasses in the southern United States because of its shade tolerance. Most cultivars are diploids (2n = 2x = 18) and are susceptible to various diseases and insects. Polyploid cultivars in the species have some resistance to pests, but most lack cold tolerance. In this study, eight polyploid genotypes were crossed with six diploid cultivars to transfer pest resistance to the diploids. Because interploid crosses often result in aborted seed, it was necessary to use in vitro techniques. Using embryo rescue, 268 plants were recovered from 2,463 emasculated and pollinated florets (10.88% crossability). Because of the heterogeneous nature of the species, these purported hybrids could not be verified by phenotype. DNA markers were used for hybrid identification. A subset of 25 plants from crosses between the aneuploid cultivar Floratam (2n = 4x = 32) and five diploid cultivars were analyzed using 144 expressed sequence tags–simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) developed from buffelgrass cDNA sequence data. Chi-square tests for paternal-specific markers revealed that all analyzed progeny were true F1 hybrids and none originated from self-fertilization or unintended outcrossing. In addition to identifying DNA polymorphism, the EST-SSRs revealed that genetic variation exists among all analyzed cultivars and is not partitioned between ploidy levels. The findings demonstrate that these embryo rescue techniques will enable the entire spectrum of St. Augustinegrass genetic variation to be better used through the recovery of interploid hybrids.
A randomized trial of a representational intervention for cancer pain: does targeting the dyad make a difference?

Objective To determine the efficacy in overcoming attitudinal barriers to reporting cancer pain and using analgesics of an educational intervention presented to patients accompanied by a significant other (SO) compared to patients alone.
Marrow distribution in rat femurs determined by cell enumeration and Fe59 labeling.

A radioactive iron method was used in conjunction with a cell enumeration procedure to determine total marrow. distribution in rat femurs. With radioiron. approximately 180to 370 million marrow cells and 100 to 182 mg of marrow were found to be contained within femurs of 260 to 280 g rats; 55% of this marrow was located within the diaphysis whereas the remainder was in epiphyseal regions. Using the cell enumeration procedure, approximately 140 to 325 million marrow cells were found within femurs of 260to 280 g rats with 65% being located within the diaphyses. (auth)
The processing of information from multiple sources in simultaneous interpreting

Language processing is influenced by multiple sources of information. We examined whether the performance in simultaneous interpreting would be improved when providing two sources of information, the auditory speech as well as corresponding lip-movements, in comparison to presenting the auditory speech alone. Although there was an improvement in sentence recognition when presented with visible speech, there was no difference in performance between these two presentation conditions when bilinguals simultaneously interpreted from English to German or from English to Spanish. The reason why visual speech did not contribute to performance could be the presentation of the auditory signal without noise (Massaro, 1998). This hypothesis should be tested in the future. Furthermore, it should be investigated if an effect of visible speech can be found for other contexts, when visual information could provide cues for emotions, prosody, or syntax.
Stressful life events in older bipolar patients

Objective Theories about the impact of stressful life events (SLE) in bipolar disorder have focused on their role early in the disease. Few studies have examined SLE in older bipolar patients. We wanted to assess the impact of SLE in late life bipolar disorder Methods We evaluated negative SLE experienced by older bipolar subjects compared with younger bipolar subjects and older controls for number, type, and their association with phase of illness, age of onset, and previous episodes. Results Both younger and older bipolar subjects have more SLE than similarly aged controls. There was no significant difference in the number of stressors that younger and older bipolar subjects experienced, based on mood state, previous episodes, or age-of-onset. Both older and younger depressed bipolar subjects reported more SLE in the previous 12 months compared with those in a manic state. Conclusions Negative SLE are much more prevalent in bipolar patients compared with age-matched controls, and continue to be frequent in later life. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association of self-rated health and lifestyle behaviors among foreign-born Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans.

Purpose This study employed the 2009 California Health Interview Survey to examine the association of self-rated heath status and lifestyle behavior variables such as smoking at least 100 cigarettes or more in an entire lifetime, alcohol consumption, and physical activity level among foreign-born Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans aged 18 and older.
A submicrometer high-performance bipolar technology

The description of a submicrometer self-aligned bipolar technology developed to minimize the device topography and to provide shallow profiles for high-performance (ECL) emitter-coupled logic applications is presented. The technology features 0.8- mu m design rules, planar beakless field oxide, polysilicon-filled deep trench isolation, and the use of rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Conventional ECL circuits with 35-ps gate delays, a novel AC-coupled active-pull-down (API) ECL circuit with 21-ps gate delay, and a 1/128 static frequency divider operated at a maximum clocking frequency of 12.5 GHz are demonstrated. >
Spatial distributions of understory light along the grassland/forest continuum: Effects of cover, height, and spatial pattern of tree canopies

Abstract The understory light environment is a key determinant of vegetation pattern and ecosystem processes, and varies spatially perhaps more than any resource used by plants. Understory light varies along gradients of vegetation structure that range from grassland with no woody canopy cover to forest with nearly complete woody canopy cover. Spatial variability in understory light is largely determined by several characteristics of overstory plants — spatial pattern, height, and cover — which vary concurrently along the grassland/forest continuum. Using a spatially-explicit ray-tracing model, we quantified trends in mean and variance of understory light along the continuum. We modeled understory light over a growing season for two types of plots: (1) generated plots in which cover, spatial pattern, and height of trees were varied systematically, and (2) three actual plots using stand data from pinon-juniper woodland sites for which cover, spatial pattern and height varied concurrently. Mean understory light decreased with increasing canopy cover and was sensitive to changes in height, as expected, but was not sensitive to spatial pattern. Variance in understory light was maximum at an intermediate value of cover that was dependent on both spatial pattern and cover — maximum variance occurred at lower values of cover as height increased and as spatial pattern progressed from regular to random to aggregated. These trends in the overall patterns of understory light were also examined with respect to changes in understory light in canopy and intercanopy locations. Variance in understory light for intercanopy locations was less than that for canopy locations at low canopy cover, but exceeded that for canopy locations as canopy cover increased. The value of canopy cover at which variance in intercanopy locations exceeded that in canopy locations was sensitive to variation in height but not in spatial pattern. The distributions of understory light for the actual plots were generally similar to those for corresponding generated plots, with dissimilarities attributable to differences in cover and height. The general trends highlighted by our simulations are broadly applicable to sites along the grassland/forest continuum.
The role of bound thiamine pyrophosphate in the synthesis of thiamine triphosphate in rat liver.

Abstract Thiamine pyrophosphate-ATP phosphoryltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of thiamine triphosphate, has been found in the supernatant fraction of rat liver. The substrate for the enzyme is endogenous, bound thiamine pyrophosphate, since the addition of exogenous thiamine pyrophosphate had no effect. Thus, when a rat liver supernatant was incubated with γlabelled [32P] ATP, thiamine [32P] triphosphate was formed whereas the incubation of thiamine [32P] pyrophosphate with ATP did not produce thiamine [32P]. triphosphate. The endogenous thiamine pyrophosphate was found to be bound to a high molecular weight protein which comes out in the void volume of Sephadex G-75, and is not dialyzable. The activity that catalyzes the formation of thiamine triphosphate has an optimum pH between 6 and 6.5, a linear time course of thiamine triphosphate synthesis up to 30 min, and is not affected by Ca2+, cyclic GMP and sulfhydryl reagents.
Charmonium in strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma

The growing consensus that a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) has been observed at the SPS and RHIC experiments suggests a different framework for examining heavy-quark dynamics. We present both a semianalytical treatment of Fokker-Planck (FP) evolution in pedagogical examples and numerical Langevin simulations of evolving cc pairs on top of a hydrodynamically expanding fireball. In this way, we may conclude that the survival probability of bound charmonia states is greater than previously estimated, as the spatial equilibration of pairs proceeds through a 'slowly dissolving lump' stage related to the pair interaction.
Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life

By Martin Hagglund Stanford University Press, 2008. Pp. ix + 255. ISBN 978-0–8047–0077–1. £50 (hbk). Radical Atheism has already received a degree of critical attention that marks out its claim to ...
Development of a scale to assess jealous behaviors.

Very little research has focused on the relationship between jealous feelings and the resulting coping behaviors that follow. In an attempt to study this relationship, a scale measuring jealous behaviors (The Jealousy Coping Scale) was developed. A total of 48 items representing jealous behaviors were first assembled and administered to 101 college students at a predominantly black university. The data were then subjected to an iterative principal-axis factor analysis with varimax rotation (Nie, Hull, Jenkins, Steinbrenner, & Bent, 1975). By eliminating items not contributing to the major factors in three successive analyses, the number of items was reduced to 12. These 12 items represented four principal factors: (1) ResolutionaI which accounted for 22.3% of the variance, (2) Redefinition/Reassurance which accounted for 7.3%, (3) RevengeIRetaliation which accounted for 8.4%, and (4) Manipulation which accounted for 4.2%. All four factors explained 42.2% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal reliability for the scale is .745. Construct validity was established by testing convergent and divergent validity. Convergence was established when the Jealousy Coping Scale correlated significantly with the Lazarus and Folkman (1984) Ways of Coping Scale; r,, = .705 (p < .01). Divergence was established when the scale also correlated significantly with a similar form (of the same scale) that calls for responses to a frustrating situation that is not jealousy-evoking; r2, = ,479 (p < .01). A Fisher's Z transformation indicated a significant difference between the correlations for divergence and convergence (Z, = 1.93, p < ,061. These results suggest that the Jealousy Coping Scale can serve as an empirical measure of jealous behavior. Additional research with the scale will further establish its validity.
Talking with Terrorists

This brief paper addresses the common sense proposition that policies designed to counterterrorism must necessarily rest on a sophisticated understanding of the psychology of terrorists, and that the optimal path to understanding “what makes terrorists tick” is to ask them. But this in turn means talking with them, not interrogating them. The authors, both of whom have had extensive experience in talking with terrorists, present a number of guidelines for conducting productive interviews with terrorists. Observing that terrorists are not psychologically disturbed, and that it is their social psychology which is critical to understand, the paper emphasizes the importance of establishing empathy with the interview subjects in the service of seeing the world through their eyes. Examples are provided of language from terrorists which shed light on their psychology and motivations for entering the path of terrorism, with implications for counter-terrorism.
A histone timer for zygotic genome activation.

Histone H1 variants play key roles in the regulation of higher-order chromatin structure and have been implicated in numerous developmental processes. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Perez-Montero et al. (2013) present evidence that the Drosophila histone H1 variant dBigH1 prevents premature activation of the zygotic genome during early embryogenesis.
Resolution proofs of generalized pigeonhole principles

We extend results of Haken to give an exponential lower bound on the size of resolution proofs for propositional formulas encoding a generalized pigeonhole principle. These propositional formulas express the fact that there is no one-one mapping from c·n objects to n objects when c >1. As a corollary, resolution proof systems do not p-simulate constant-formula-depth Frege proof systems.
The Foundation Seamounts: tectonic setting of a newly discovered seamount chain in the South Pacific

Abstract Large areas of the South Pacific remain unsurveyed because they are so remote. A major volcanic chain, the Foundation Seamounts lies between 33°S and 39°S and between 111°W and 125°W. Poorly defined on conventional bathymetric charts, it becomes very apparent when combining an analysis of conventional geophysical data with the satellite altimeter data. The length of the seamount chain is 1350 km and the volcanoes are clustered within a 180 km wide band, trending approximately N70W, which is the direction of absolute motion of the Pacific plate over a fixed reference system. Some of these volcanoes are so shallow that they may have emerged above the sea surface at an earlier time. No dates are known for the seamounts. Surrounding the Foundation Seamounts chain, the tectonic setting is that of the Pacific plate at the time when the strike of the spreading ridge changed from a northwesterly direction to the present northeasterly one. This episode of spreading reorganization involved the existence of a short-lived microplate. West of the Pacific Antarctic ridge, a captured segment of Nazca plate accounts for the large discrepancies in the magnetic anomalies offsets along the Agassiz fracture zone. Large propagators like the Adventure and Kurchatov troughs are described. The newly discovered western segment of the Chile fracture zone is the Pacific plate match of the Chile fracture zone on the Nazca plate.
Breast imaging fellowship programs. A survey of the fellows of the Society of Breast Imaging.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Breast imaging, a subspecialty of diagnostic radiology, is becoming more important with the increased performance of screening mammography. Fellowships in breast imaging are being offered at many institutions. Information regarding the contents and structure of such fellowships is important for potential trainees and departments considering offering such programs. METHODS All 79 fellows of the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) were surveyed by mail. Those with breast imaging fellowships were asked questions about their program. All were asked their opinions about the appropriate features of a breast imaging fellowship. RESULTS Forty-six (58%) surveys were returned. Nineteen respondents described breast imaging fellowships offered at 18 different institutions. CONCLUSIONS This information may be useful as radiologists consider establishing fellowship standards within this subspecialty.
Disc electrophoresis. Further modifications in the technique of sample introduction.

Abstract Improvements of the technique of sample insertion in disc electrophoresis, as described earlier, are reported. The quantitative aspects of sample loss are discussed.
A Quasi Experiment on the Use of Experiential Methods in the Classroom

The present study is concerned with the use of experiential methods in the classroom for students doing graduate work in administration. A quasi-experimental design was used in which behavior and attitudes in a T-Group course were compared with those in a more traditional human relations course. In addition, video tape viewing of the student's own behavior was employed in both courses, and the behavior and attitude changes resulting from this intervention were observed. The comparison between the two courses indicated the following major findings: Compared with the human relations course, the T-Group course showed more here-and-now behavior, more group dynamics and less organizational dynamics content, more involvement, more perceived comfort with feelings, and more perceived transfer of learning. When video tape viewing was introduced into the human relations course, it resulted in changes toward more here-and-now behavior, more openness behavior, more group dynamics content, less organizational dynamics...
Perspectives on occult bacteremia in children.

Summary Bacteremia in young children seen in the outpatientclinic is a reasonably frequent occurrence with occasionally serious sequelae; most patients, however, do quite well. The problem is more perplexing in infants and young children with high fever and no apparent focus of infection. Laboratory tests and clinical observations help to determine which children are at low risk of occult bacteremia and need not have blood cultured; testing and assessment are much less predictive of the child who does have occult bacteremia. Currently, it is unclear whether treating all patients at risk is warranted. In any case, very close follow-up of the patient who is sent home from the outpatient department with high fever is desirable. The prevalence of serious infections caused by pneumococcus, Hib, and meningococcus warrants continued research on the development of vaccines that effectively prevent these infections.
Treatment of recurrent glioma with intracavitary alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and interleukin-2

For a single-dose toxicity assessment, five patients with recurrent malignant glioma (ages 29–46 years) were treated with intracavitary alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The trial tested the hypothesis that alloreactive CTL, sensitized to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins of the patient, offer selective, targeted killing of glioma cells that express MHC. Patient lymphocytes, which also express MHC, were irradiated and placed into CellMax artificial capillary systems with lymphocytes from MHC-disparate donors and CTL developed over a 2- to 3-week period with a low concentration of IL-2. The CTL largely expressed CD3 and CD11a/CD8 markers and lysed targets displaying patient MHC. CTL were implanted into the tumor bed at surgery and a catheter was used for subsequent infusions. Patients received one to five treatment cycles every other month; one cycle generally consisted of two or three CTL infusates administered within a 1- to 2-week period. Different unrelated donors were used for each cycle. Treatment was well tolerated; transient toxicity at grades 1–3 was recorded by NCI Common Toxicity Scale criteria. Two glioblastoma patients have died; one from tumor recurrence locally and the other from recurrence at a site distant from the treatment. Two of the five patients completed five cycles; one anaplastic oligodendroglioma patient shows no evidence of tumor 30 months from the start of immune therapy and an anaplastic astrocytoma patient shows stable disease 28 months after initiation of therapy. One anaplastic oligodendroglioma patient, who dropped the protocol during her second treatment cycle, has no evidence of tumor 28 months after recurrence.
Differentiation Between Alterations in Plasma and Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials in Synaptosomes Using a Carbocyanine Dye

: The cationic potentiometric fluorescent probe 3,3′-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide [DiS-C2(5)] was used in synaptosomes to assess the relative contributions of plasma and mitochondrial membrane potentials (Ψp and Ψm, respectively) to overall fluorescence. Addition of synaptosomes to media containing 0.5 μM dye caused a decrease in fluorescence intensity due to dye accumulation, which equilibrated usually within 5 min. Depolarization of mitochondria by combined treatment with cyanide and oligomycin increased fluorescence by 42%, indicating significant prior accumulation of dye into intrasynaptosomal mitochondria. Ψp was calculated to be –54 mV and was not altered significantly by prior depolarization of Ψm with cyanide and oligomycin (hereafter referred to as “poisoned”synaptosomes). Similarly, the linear relationship between dye fluorescence and Ψp was not altered by depolarization of Ψm. Valinomycin, a K+ ionophore, caused a Ψp-dependent increase in fluorescence in control (nonpoisoned) synaptosomes, but did not alter fluorescence of poisoned synaptosomes except when the extracellular concentration of K+ ([K+]e) was 2 mM, in which case valinomycin hyperpolarized Ψp by about 5 mV. The poreforming antibiotic gramicidin depolarized both Ψp and Ψm maximally. Under these conditions, Triton X-100 further increased fluorescence by 40%, indicating significant dye binding to synaptosomal components. In poisoned synaptosomes depolarized by 75 mM K+, gramicidin caused a decrease in fluorescence intensity (hyperpolarization of Ψp). The organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide, used as a vehicle for the hydrophobic ionophores, had voltage-dependent effects on Ψp and Ψm. The magnitude of the fluorescence response of synaptosomes to depolarization with sufficient K+ to increase [K+]e by 40 mM was dependent on the initial Ψp and was not altered by prior depolarization of Ψm. Thus, K+-induced depolarization may be useful for estimating Ψp in the face of fluorescence change associated with depolarization of both Ψp and Ψm. Thus, carbocyanine dyes may be used to differentiate effects of experimental treatments on synaptosomal Ψp as compared with intrasynaptosomal Ψm.
Computing with random quantum dot repulsion

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) show great promise for fast computation with larger integration density and lower power consumption. Unfortunately, previous research has shown that QCA are likely to be extremely sensitive to placement error. During an investigation into placement sensitivity, it was discovered that completely random quantum dot structures have the ability to compute simple binary functions. In this paper, we further explore the random structures in an idealized way, looking for higher-order functions; an example of one-bit full adder is shown in the paper. Moreover, a new structure, the semi-random structure, is introduced to alleviate some, but not all, difficulties in connecting disparate random structures; the difficulties arise from the fact that inputs and outputs to and from a purely random structure may not reside at the edges of the structure. In the semi-random structure, the inputs and outputs are localized to the edges. It is demonstrated that semi-random structures, like random structures, can almost assuredly compute simple Boolean functions.
Software model checking

Software model checking is the algorithmic analysis of programs to prove properties of their executions. It traces its roots to logic and theorem proving, both to provide the conceptual framework in which to formalize the fundamental questions and to provide algorithmic procedures for the analysis of logical questions. The undecidability theorem [Turing 1936] ruled out the possibility of a sound and complete algorithmic solution for any sufficiently powerful programming model, and even under restrictions (such as finite state spaces), the correctness problem remained computationally intractable. However, just because a problem is hard does not mean it never appears in practice. Also, just because the general problem is undecidable does not imply that specific instances of the problem will also be hard. As the complexity of software systems grew, so did the need for some reasoning mechanism about correct behavior. (While we focus here on analyzing the behavior of
Simulation of thermoregulation in serotonin-depleted rats subjected to acceleration fields

Abstract A computer simulation of thermoregulation in mammals during and following exposure to hypergravitational fields is developed. This simulation includes the effects of a neurotransmitter, serotonin, and the initial transients of the system when the animal is first placed in a hypergravitational field. Experimental data on the response of rats to serotonin depletion helps place the site at which serotonin acts in the model.
AN AB INITIO QUANTUM MECHANICAL STUDY OF THIOESTERS

Abstract Model thioesters have been studied using ab initio quantum mechanical computations to determine the geometry and difference in energy for inherent rotamers. The Z isomer of the thioester is found to be 4.9 kcal mol −1 ( Δ 0 298 more stable than the E isomer, with the barrier for rotation ( Z → E ) 10.1 kcal mol −1 ( ΔG ‡ 298 ). Parameters for molecular mechanics computations are provided.
C331A mutant of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase is labilized for Hsp70/CHIP (C terminus of HSC70-interacting protein)-dependent ubiquitination.

It is established that suicide inactivation of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) by drugs and other xenobiotics leads to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the enzyme. The exact mechanism is not known, although it is widely thought that the covalent alteration of the active site during inactivation triggers the degradation. A mechanism that involves recognition of the altered nNOS by Hsp70 and its cochaperone CHIP, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, has been proposed. To further address how alterations of the active site trigger ubiquitination of nNOS, we examined a C331A nNOS mutant, which was reported to have impaired ability to bind l-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin. We show here that C331A nNOS is highly susceptible to ubiquitination by a purified system containing ubiquitinating enzymes and chaperones, by the endogenous ubiquitinating system in reticulocyte lysate fraction II, and by intact HEK293 cells. The involvement of the altered heme cleft in regulating ubiquitination is confirmed by the finding that the slowly reversible inhibitor of nNOS, NG-nitro-l-arginine, but not its inactive d-isomer, protects the C331A nNOS from ubiquitination in all these experimental systems. We also show that both Hsp70 and CHIP play a major role in the ubiquitination of C331A nNOS, although Hsp90 protects from ubiquitination. Thus, these studies further strengthen the link between the mobility of the substrate-binding cleft and chaperone-dependent ubiquitination of nNOS. These results support a general model of chaperone-mediated protein quality control and lead to a novel mechanism for substrate stabilization based on nNOS interaction with the chaperone machinery.