cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Measurements of the Positron Annihilation Spectrum from the Galactic Center

We have obtained spectra of the Galactic center at energies of 400-600 keV from high-resolution data acquired by the Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Ge detector on board the WIND mission during 1995-1997. The data were obtained using an on-board occulter and are relatively free from systematics and backgrounds. Analysis of the spectra reveals a well-resolved electron-positron annihilation line at 511 keV and the associated continuum due to annihilation via positronium formation. Measurements of the line width and the continuum-to-line ratio allow some constraints to be placed on the interstellar sites where annihilation occurs.
Santo Domingo de Talaje: resurrecting a seventeenth-century Spanish mission at Darien Bluff, Georgia

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an overview of archaeological investigations conducted at Darien Bluff, McIntosh County, Georgia, over the past 75 years. The discovery of lost artifacts, missing excavation records, and several draft reports provided an opportunity to obtain a comprehensive overview of Spanish Mission period activity at the site of Mission Santo Domingo de Talaje, a primarily seventeenth-century mission that once stood on the banks of the Altamaha River. Included are archaeological and historical perspectives of the researchers who excavated the site and new interpretations by the authors that draw on recently relocated artifacts and excavation records.
Remarkable response to a novel ATR inhibitor in a patient with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Abstract M6620 (formerly known as VX-970) is a potent inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase involved in activation of checkpoint signaling and promotion of cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage (inhibition constant [Ki]
Pre-keratoplasty Potential Acuity Evaluation: Laser interferometer and Potential Acuity Meter

Twenty-three patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty were evaluated preoperatively for potential retinal acuity utilizing the Randwal Laser Interferometer and the Mentor Potential Acuity Meter. When compared with Snellen visual acuity during the early postoperative period (1-6 months), both instruments were useful as qualitative predictors of macular function when used in the presence of mild to moderate corneal edema. The laser interferometer was somewhat more accurate in the severe cases of corneal edema.
A Software-Defined Spectral Line Observing System for the DVA1 Telescope

A spectral line observing system for the Dish Verification Antenna 1 (DVA1) telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) was developed using a software-defined radio (SDR) approach, and is used to observe hydroxyl masers for the purpose of calibrating the telescope's polarization response. A description of the FPGA and software processing pipelines are given, focusing on the digital downconverter (DDC) and software-defined spectrometer. The firmware is implemented on the National Research Council's Kermode FPGA platform, using industry standards for form factor and data transport. Requirements for an upgrade of the John A. Galt 26 m telescope at DRAO are also given, with a description of how the DVA1 backend design will be expanded to meet them.
Improving measurement accuracy of Brazilian tensile strength of rock by digital image correlation

Since the invention of the Brazilian test about eight decades ago, discussions on the validity of indirect tensile strength measurement by the Brazilian test have always been of focus in rock fracture mechanics. According to the principles of the Brazilian test, experimental data are only valid when a fracture is initiated at/near the disc-shaped planar center and propagates along the diametral loading plane. However, traditional experimental results can only show readers a final failure instead of fracture process. Meanwhile, the accuracy of analytical solutions and numerical simulations are profoundly dependent on the input of underlying assumptions. To overcome the confusion about the Brazilian test, this study proposed to combine the Brazilian test with digital image correlation. By visualizing a dynamic fracture process of fracture initiation and propagation, the validity of the Brazilian test can be verified. This study can well explain the underestimation of rock tensile strengths in traditional Brazilian tests. Additionally, the specimen should have a length to thickness ratio larger than 0.30 to minimize the compression effect near the loading contacts. Due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the rock structure, a small deviation of fracture initiation does not make a big difference in the experimental results.
Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure The Biomechanical Model and Beyond

Received August 25, 2004; revision received December 23, 2004; accepted January 19, 2005. Despite repeated attempts to develop a unifying hypothesis that explains the clinical syndrome of heart failure, no single conceptual paradigm for heart failure has withstood the test of time. Whereas clinicians initially viewed heart failure as a problem of excessive salt and water retention that was caused by abnormalities of renal blood flow (the “cardiorenal model”1), as physicians began to perform careful hemodynamic measurements, it also became apparent that heart failure was associated with a reduced cardiac output and excessive peripheral vasoconstriction. This latter realization led to the development of the “cardiocirculatory” or “hemodynamic” model for heart failure,1 wherein heart failure was thought to arise largely as a result of abnormalities of the pumping capacity of the heart and excessive peripheral vasoconstriction. However, although both the cardiorenal and cardiocirculatory models for heart failure explained the excessive salt and water retention that heart failure patients experience, neither of these models explained the relentless “disease progression” that occurs in this syndrome. Thus, although the cardiorenal models provided the rational basis for the use of diuretics to control the volume status of patients with heart failure, and the cardiocirculatory model provided the rational basis for the use of inotropes and intravenous vasodilators to augment cardiac output, these therapeutic strategies have not prevented heart failure from progressing, nor have they led to prolonged life for patients with moderate to severe heart failure.1,2⇓ In the present review we will summarize recent advances in the field of heart failure, with a focus on the new therapeutic strategies that have been developed for treating systolic heart failure. For a complete discussion on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diastolic heart failure, the interested reader is referred to several …
A political economy for social movements and revolution: popular media access, power and cultural hegemony

One key marker of mass social movements transitioning to participatory democratic governance is popular media access. This essay argues that democratic media access by public constituencies becomes...
Hemostatic Gene Polymorphisms in Acute Coronary Syndrome with Nonobstructive Coronary Atherosclerosis

Purpose: to study distribution of genes of the coagulation system, unfavorable in relation to the risk of thrombosis, and their influence on serum parameters ofthe hemostasis system in patients with nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis (NCA) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and methods . We included in this nonrandomized open study patients with ACS older than 18 years with intact coronary arteries or confirmed at coronary angiography stenosis A) rs1799963, F5 (1691 G>A) rs6025, F7 (10976G>A) rs6046, F13 (163 G>T) rs5985, F1 (-455G>A) rs1800790, GP Ia - Ila (807C>t) rs1126643, GP Ilb-IIIa (1565 T>C) rs5918, PAI-I (-6755G>4G) rs1799889. Activities of protein C, Von Willebrand factor, plasminogen, and antithrombin III were also determined. Results. Of 913 patients with ACS in 30 (3.3%) with mean age 54±11 years we detected NCA. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was diagnosed in 24 (80%), unstable angina - in 6 (20%) patients. Only in 1 patient we found no carriage of thrombosis associated genotypes. The frequency of occurrence of the heterozygous genotype of the factor V gene was 1 (3%). Heterozygous genotype of the factor XIII was registered significantly more often in patients with present atherosclerotic lesion compared with those with intact coronary arteries. Mean activity of protein C was 103% [90; 110], antithrombin III - 96% [88; 103], Von Willebrand factor - 137% [114; 162], plasminogen - 109% [102; 112]. At admission lowering of antithrombin III and protein C activities was detected in 4 cases (13%). In dynamics level of these parameters was restored. Elevation of Von Willebrand factor activity at admission was detected in 14 cases (14%) and remained elevated one year after the index event. There was no association between of fibrinogen level, protein C activity, rs1800790 and rs6025 gene polymorphisms, respectively. One-year mortality was 7% (n=2). For one year occurred 1 AIM recurrence (3%), heart failure developed in 15 patients (50%), 11 patients (37%) were repetitively hospitalized due to all causes. No association was revealed between activity of studied blood serum markers and 1 -year outcomes (death, re-AIM, rehospitalization). Conclusion. Among ACS patients 3.3% had NCA, what corresponded to the literature data. Carriage of at least 1 polymorphic variant of 8 thrombosis associated genes of the coagulation system was found in 97 % of patients with ACS and NCA. Distribution of these variants was like that in the European population and in patients with AIM at the background of stenosing atherosclerosis. Level of serum markers did not depend on distribution of polymorphic variants of the coagulation system genes, and presence of atherosclerotic coronary artery lesions. There was no association between hospital and long-term outcomes and distribution of polymorphic variants of thrombosis associated coagulation system genes, as well as levels of blood serum markers.
Deep Coverage: Motion Synthesis in the Data-Driven Era

Effective robotic systems must be able to produce desired motion in a sufficiently broad variety of robot states and environmental contexts. Classic control and planning methods achieve such coverage through the synthesis of model-based components. New applications and platforms, such as soft robots, present novel challenges, ranging from richer dynamical behaviors to increasingly unstructured environments. In these setups, derived models frequently fail to express important real-world subtleties. An increasingly popular approach to deal with this issue is the use of end-to-end machine learning architectures, which adapt to such complexities through a data-driven process. Unfortunately, however, data are not always available for all regions of the operational space, which complicates the extensibility of these solutions. In light of these issues, this paper proposes a reconciliation of classic motion synthesis with modern data-driven tools towards the objective of “deep coverage”. This notion utilizes the concept of composability, a feature of traditional control and planning methods, over data-derived “motion elements”, towards generalizable and scalable solutions that adapt to real-world experience.
Lisingo: A Text-To-Speech Web Service-Based Application Using Serverless Cloud Computing

As cloud computing continues to introduce new features and services, it also introduces some challenges like cost, complexity, and integration issues. Some researchers have used traditional cloud architecture for their applications, like text-to-speech (TTS), using cloud architecture. However, these existing text-to-speech approaches rely on the user providing large amounts of input text, manually moving it from one place to another. In order to resolve this issue, we have proposed a Serverless approach and prototype called Lisingo. Lisingo's primary focus is to provide a new way for users to transform their desired text into an easily accessible format. By leveraging the use of serverless cloud technology, Lisingo aims to provide a seamless text-to-speech service for users while removing unnecessary compute resources and cost.
Analysis and experimental demonstration of spatial mode selection in a coherently combined fiber laser

Self-phasing due to spatial mode selection in a two-element passively coupled fiber laser is studied. We find that the addition of a second supermode in a coupled resonator results in a 90% increase in the average output power and nearly π/2 radians of passive phase adjustment versus applied phase errors between the gain elements. These results require a phase of zero (modulo 2π) between the beams in the external cavity. These findings are supported by an eigenmode analysis of the resonator and show that beam recycling is a useful resonator design feature but must be appropriately implemented to obtain beneficial results.
Exploring Autism Disparities Among Latina Girls: A Collective Case Study

There is increasing evidence of ethnic and gender disparities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identification and receipt of services. Compared to White males, Latino children and girls are both more likely to receive a delayed diagnosis and less likely to receive high-quality services. Little is known, however, about Latina girls with ASD, including how their ‘pathway to a diagnosis’ compares to non-Latina White girls. To address this gap, this collective case study draws upon interviews with four families from two larger qualitative studies investigating ASD disparities. The purpose of this study is to compare the autism diagnosis and services experiences of three Latino families and one non-Latino White family of girls with ASD. Two researchers coded seven interviews using thematic and narrative analysis. The researchers identified three themes: 1) The Latino cases involved extended family members as both barriers and facilitators to the ASD experience, while the non-Latino case had little extended family involvement; 2) The Latino cases involved a tension between specialized ASD knowledge and culturally-influenced stigma around disability; 3) All cases suggest a female ASD phenotype that differs from the traditional ASD presentation. The study concludes with recommendations for improving support for Latino families with girls with ASD.
The use of decision tree based predictive models for improving the culvert inspection process

Abstract Culverts are important components of a roadway and should be properly maintained to ensure adequate road surface drainage and public safety. Culvert maintenance greatly relies on culvert inspection which is time consuming and requires a large number of skilled labor hours. Currently, State Departments of Transportation use rigid methods for scheduling culvert inspection based on one or two factors such as culvert size and/or condition. The objective of the research described in the paper is to develop a more intelligent scheduling system for culvert inspection to improve the utilization of limited resources. The proposed intelligent system first predicts the conditions of the culverts that are due for inspection in a given year and based on the prediction results, only schedule inspections for those predicted to be in poor condition. The prediction models utilized a Decision Tree algorithm together with the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique to deal with the highly imbalanced data in the culvert inventory database. The case study presented in the paper utilized 12,400 culvert records from the Ohio Department of Transportation to train and test the prediction models. The developed prediction models have achieved accuracies over 80% for the training set and 75% for the testing set and satisfactory values for the areas under the curve of 0.8. The case study concluded that by implementing the proposed intelligent culvert inspection scheduling system, the number of culverts needing inspections is reduced by 44%. Implementation of the proposed system could assist state and local agencies with prioritizing inspection of culverts needing attention while maximizing the use of limited resources. While this study is applied to culverts in Ohio, the proposed framework can be used on any similarly available culvert data set worldwide. The paper ends by providing suggestions to improve the quality of the data in culvert inventory databases.
The Epidemiologic Transition Theory and Evidence for Cancer Transitions in the US, Select European Nations, and Japan

Abstract Despite cancer being a leading cause of death worldwide, scant research has been carried out on the existence of “cancer transitions,” the idea that as nations develop, they move from a situation where infectious related cancers are prominent, to one where non-infectious related cancers dominate. We use annual cause-of-death data to produce death rates for common types of cancer in select high-income countries. We find that cancer mortality patterns parallel the epidemiologic transition, which states that as countries advance, they move from a regime where infectious diseases are most common to one where non-infectious disease are most common. An implication is that the epidemiologic transition theory as originally formulated continues to be relevant despite some researchers arguing that we need additional stages beyond the original three.
Discussion on "Correct and logical causal inference for binary and time-to-event outcomes in randomized controlled trials" by Yi Liu, Bushi Wang, Miao Yang, Jianan Hui, Heng Xu, Siyoen Kil, and Jason C. Hsu.

In their paper, Liu et al. (2020) pointed out illogical discrepancies between subgroup and overall causal effects for some efficacy measures, in particular the odds and hazard ratios. As the authors show, the culprit is subgroups having prognostic effects within treatment arms. In response to their provocative findings, we found that the odds and hazard ratios are logic respecting when the subgroups are purely predictive, that is, the distribution of the potential outcome for the control treatment is homogeneous across subgroups. We also found that when we redefined the odds and hazards ratio causal estimands in terms of the joint distribution of the potential outcomes, the discrepancies are resolved under specific models in which the potential outcomes are conditionally independent. In response to other discussion points in the paper, we also provide remarks on association versus causation, confounding, statistical computing software, and dichotomania.
Outcomes in patients with and without intraoperative parathyroid hormone testing for primary hyperparathyroidism: A retrospective observational analysis

Abstract Objectives The use of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring has been recommended as an adjunct to improve likelihood of successful parathyroid surgery. We sought to compare the surgical outcomes as well as operative times and associated costs in patients with and without ioPTH in the setting of co-localizing studies for primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients undergoing surgery for nonfamilial primary hyperparathyroidism at a single institution from January 2013 to April 2019. Patients with a suspected single adenoma that co-localized on sestamibi and ultrasound were included resulting in 141 patients, of which 110 (78%) had ioPTH testing (group 1) while 31 (22%) did not (group 2). Time driven activity-based cost (TDABC) analysis was performed incorporating physician and staff compensation and anesthetic usage to determine the cost differential between groups. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Results In group 1, the use of ioPTH prompted re-exploration in 2 patients (1.8%). In both cases, the initial gland identified was normal parathyroid and persistent elevation of ioPTH resulted in additional dissection and removal of the adenoma. All but two group 1 patients had normal post-operative calcium levels at last follow up for an overall success rate of 97.3%. One group 2 patient (3.2%) was found to have recurrent hyperparathyroidism 33 months later with an adenoma identified in the same location as the initial excision. Otherwise all group 2 patients were eucalcemic at last follow-up for an overall success rate of 96.8%. The average time for the procedure in group 1 was 91.7 ± 28.1 minutes compared to 52.3 ± 16.9 minutes in group 2 (p Conclusions In patients with co-localizing sestamibi scan and ultrasound and concordant operative findings, the use of ioPTH did not improve the success rate of minimally invasive parathyroid surgery, while increasing operative times and cost.
Histopathologic PD-L1 Tumor Expression and Prognostic Significance in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors are being increasingly used to treat a variety of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). This systematic review summarizes PD-L1 expression in NMSCs and determines its use for prognosis using targeted immunotherapy. A primary search of peer-reviewed English-language medical literature was conducted for studies on PD-L1 tumor expression in biopsied or excised NMSCs. Fifty-nine articles met criteria for inclusion. PD-L1 expression in advanced NMSCs ranged from 22%-89% for basal cell carcinomas, 42%-50% for Merkel cell carcinomas, and 26%-100% for squamous cell carcinomas. Study limitations included clone heterogeneity across studies, complicating comparison of PD-L1 expression. Differences were also noted in the selection of tumor reactivity threshold. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to determine the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in NMSCs as a whole, but this remains a promising area. More investigation into the role of tumor PD-L1 as a biomarker for predicting clinical response to PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors in NMSCs is needed.
Dynamical differential covariance recovers directional network structure in multiscale neural systems

Investigating causal neural interactions are essential to understanding sub- sequent behaviors. Many statistical methods have been used for analyzing neural activity, but efficiently and correctly estimating the direction of net- work interactions remains difficult. Here, we derive dynamical differential covariance (DDC), a new method based on dynamical network models that detects directional interactions with low bias and high noise tolerance with- out the stationary assumption. The method is first validated on networks with false positive motifs and multiscale neural simulations where the ground truth connectivity is known. Then, applying DDC to recordings of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) from over 1,000 individual subjects, DDC consistently detected regional interactions with strong structural connectivity. DDC can be generalized to a wide range of dynamical models and recording techniques.
Unsportsmanlike Conduct? The NFL's Response to the Kneeling Controversy

The National Football League (NFL) has faced some arduous challenges in the last few years. “Cord cutters” are cancelling cable television in favor of streaming options such as Netflix and Hulu. The NFL has received negative coverage of its handling of the Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) issue. Some have criticized the NFL’s response to off-the-field criminal actions by players. Additionally, a recent controversy over kneeling during the national anthem has some fans so mad they were burning their season tickets. This case study provides a concise background of the controversy, the NFL’s financial condition, and a comparison of how the National Basketball Association (NBA) is handling the same issue.
Association of Serum Ferritin Levels and Methylprednisolone Treatment With Outcomes in Nonintubated Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Importance: Serum ferritin, an acute phase marker of inflammation, has several physiologic functions, including limiting intracellular oxidative stress. Whether the effectiveness of corticosteroids differs according to serum ferritin level in COVID-19 has not been reported. Objective: To examine the association between admission serum ferritin level and methylprednisolone treatment outcomes in nonintubated patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to an academic referral center in Stony Brook, New York, from March 1 to April 15, 2020, receiving high-flow oxygen therapy (fraction of inspired oxygen, ≥50%). The outcomes of treatment with methylprednisolone were estimated using inverse probability of treatment weights, based on a propensity score comprised of clinical and laboratory variables. Patients were followed up for 28 days. Data were analyzed from December 19, 2020, to July 22, 2021. Exposures: Systemic methylprednisolone administered per the discretion of the treating physician. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcome was a composite of death or mechanical ventilation at 28 days. Results: Among 380 patients with available ferritin data (median [IQR] age, 60 years [49-72] years; 130 [34.2%] women; 250 [65.8%] men; 310 White patients [81.6%]; 47 Black patients [12.4%]; 23 Asian patients [6.1%]), 142 patients (37.4%) received methylprednisolone (median [IQR] daily dose, 160 [120-240] mg). Ferritin levels were similar in patients who received methylprednisolone vs those who did not (median [IQR], 992 [509-1610] ng/mL vs 893 [474-1467] ng/mL; P = .32). In weighted analyses using tertiles of ferritin values (lower: 29-619 ng/mL; middle: 623-1316 ng/mL; upper: 1322-13â¯418 ng/mL), methylprednisolone was associated with lower mortality in patients with ferritin in the upper tertile (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06-0.45) and higher mortality in those with ferritin in the middle (HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.15-5.28) and lower (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.13-5.22) tertiles (P for interaction < .001). Composite end point rates were lower with methylprednisolone in patients with ferritin in the upper tertile (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25-0.80) but not in those with ferritin in the middle (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.50-1.39) and lower (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.51-1.55) tertiles (P for interaction = .11). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of nonintubated patients with severe COVID-19, methylprednisolone was associated with improved clinical outcomes only among patients with admission ferritin in the upper tertile of values.
Organizational Theory in Higher Education

Preface Chapter One: Introduction and Context Setting Chapter Two: Organized Anarchy Chapter Three: Case: Missions, Garbage Cans, and Decision-Making Chapter Four: Collegium Chapter Five: Case: Collegiality and Disciplinary Loyalty in Reappointment, Promotion, and Tenure Chapter Six: Political Chapter Seven: Case: Coalition Building by Boards of Trustees and the Women's Faculty Caucus Chapter Eight: Cultural Chapter Nine: Case: Campus, Student, and Faculty in a Clash of Cultures Chapter Ten: Bureaucracy Chapter Eleven: Case: Executive Leadership and the Corporatization of Higher Education Chapter Twelve: New Science Chapter Thirteen: Case: Getting Ahead of the Disruption Chapter Fourteen: Feminist Chapter Fifteen: Case: A Clash of Collaborative and Competitive Leadership Styles Sixteen: Spiritual Seventeen: Case: Considering the Whole Person, Establishing a Family Leave Policy Eighteen: Conclusion References
The construction of movement by the spinal cord

We used a computational analysis to identify the basic elements with which the vertebrate spinal cord constructs one complex behavior. This analysis extracted a small set of muscle synergies from the range of muscle activations generated by cutaneous stimulation of the frog hindlimb. The flexible combination of these synergies was able to account for the large number of different motor patterns produced by different animals. These results therefore demonstrate one strategy used by the vertebrate nervous system to produce movement in a computationally simple manner.
Changes in Spores of Bacillus megaterium Treated with Thioglycolate at a Low pH and Restoration of Germinability and Heat Resistance by Cations

Spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 treated with thioglycolate (0.4 m, pH 2.6) at 50 C for 30 min remained refractile, but they became stainable, lysozymesensitive, and nonviable, and they lost dipicolinic acid (DPA). The loss of DPA and of viability were functions of the time and temperature of exposure to thioglycolate. Spores treated with thioglycolate at a lower temperature and for a shorter time (30 C, 5 min) retained DPA, viability, and nonstainability. Although these spores also retained their resistance to gamma radiation and to lysozyme, they lost thermo-resistance. Their percentage of germination over a 2-hr period in glucose was markedly reduced. Germinability and heat resistance were restored by exogenous cations, suggesting that the thioglycolate treatment (30 C, 5 min) resulted in the loss of spore ions essential for normal germination in glucose and for heat resistance.
Design-Driven Compilation

This paper introduces design-driven compilation, an approach in which the compiler uses design information to drive its analysis and verify that the program conforms to its design. Although this approach requires the programmer to specify additional design information, it offers a range of benefits, including guaranteed fidelity to the designer's expectations of the code, early and automatic detection of design nonconformance bugs, and support for local analysis, separate compilation, and libraries. It can also simplify the compiler and improve its efficiency. The key to the success of our approach is to combine high-level design specifications with powerful static analysis algorithms that handle the low-level details of verifying the design information.
Sweet Talk: Regulating Glucose Metabolism in Toxoplasma.

Toxoplasma gondii , the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an intracellular parasite that demonstrates a remarkable ability to adapt to nutrient availability. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe , Blume et al. (2015) describe the unique role of a gluconeogenic enzyme in regulation of glucose catabolism in T. gondii .
Expression of Tropomyosin 1 Gene Isoforms in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Nine malignant breast epithelial cell lines and 3 normal breast cell lines were examined for stress fiber formation and expression of TPM1 isoform-specific RNAs and proteins. Stress fiber formation was strong (++++) in the normal cell lines and varied among the malignant cell lines (negative to +++). Although TPM1γ and TPM1δ were the dominant transcripts of TPM1, there was no clear evidence for TPM1δ protein expression. Four novel human TPM1 gene RNA isoforms were discovered (λ, μ, ν, and ξ), which were not identified in adult and fetal human cardiac tissues. TPM1λ was the most frequent isoform expressed in the malignant breast cell lines, and it was absent in normal breast epithelial cell lines. By western blotting, we were unable to distinguish between TPM1γ, λ, and ν protein expression, which were the only TPM1 gene protein isoforms potentially expressed. Some malignant cell lines demonstrated increased or decreased expression of these isoforms relative to the normal breast cell lines. Stress fiber formation did not correlate with TPM1γ RNA expression but significantly and inversely correlated with TPM1δ and TPM1λ expression, respectively. The exact differences in expression of these novel isoforms and their functional properties in breast epithelial cells will require further study.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Multiple-Layer Thin Film Growth on FCC(001) Metal Surfaces.

v GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 1 Literature Review 1 Corrected Effective Medium Theory 8 References 10 CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF EMBEDDING FUNCTIONS 15 Abstract 15 Introduction 15 Theory 17 Results and Discussion 22 Conclusions 28 Acknovi^ledgements 29 References 29 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF MULTILAYER HOMOEPITAXIAL DEPOSITION ON FCC(IOO) METAL SURFACES 42 Abstract 42 Introduction 42 Simulation Details 44 Results 45 Growth Models 49 Conclusions 51 Acknowledgements 52 References 52 57 57 57 60 63 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF MULTILAYER HOMOEPITAXLVL THIN FILM GROWTH Abstract Introduction Simulation Procedure Effects of Varying the Deposition Parameters
Genetics of intercellular signalling in C. elegans.

Description d'interactions cellulaires influencant le developpement de C. elegans et de 2 genes «glp-1» et «lin-12» necessaires pour ces interactions
Partial Characterization of Chorionic Gonadotropin-Like Binding Sites from the Bacteria Xanthomonas maltophilia

The gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas maltophilia, has low- and high-affinity luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG)-binding sites, similar to the LH/CG receptor found in mammals. Although the low-affinity site binds both LH and human CG (hCG), the high-affinity site is specific for hCG. In the current investigation, these two binding sites were independently isolated from X. maltophilia for further characterization. To Isolate functional binding sites, we developed a solubilization method using the detergent zwittergent 3,14 and high glycerol concentrations that allowed for the maintenance of ligand-binding integrity. Gel filtration experiments established molecular weights of 170 and 11.5 kDa for the two binding sites, which were supported by data from photoaffinity labeling and ultracentrifugation experiments. Gel filtration data also suggested the presence of a third binding site of 5.4 kDa. The 170-kDa site had a binding affinity of Kd = 12 × 10−6 and bound both LH and hCG. The small m...
The Tomato As a Functional Food

Tomatoes are the fourth most commonly consumed fresh vegetable and the most frequently consumed canned vegetable in the American diet. There is emerging epidemiology data supporting the connection between increased tomato consumption and reduced risk for both cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer. Here we will summarize the nutrient and the phytochemical content of tomatoes and tomato products, and how these bioactive components might act together to modulate disease development. Recent animal studies have investigated tomatoes, lycopene, and prostate cancer using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and Dunning rat models. These animal studies also suggest that diets containing tomatoes may decrease the risk or the progression of prostate cancer. Due to the frequency and the extent of tomato consumption, the supporting epidemiological and animal data, which connect increased intakes with decreased cancer and cardiovascular disease risk, tomato's role in the American diet is of undeniable importance as part of a healthy diet.
Step-to-step variability in treadmill walking: influence of rhythmic auditory cueing.

While walking, human beings continuously adjust step length (SpL), step time (SpT), step speed (SpS = SpL/SpT) and step width (SpW) by integrating both feedforward and feedback mechanisms. These motor control processes result in correlations of gait parameters between consecutive strides (statistical persistence). Constraining gait with a speed cue (treadmill) and/or a rhythmic auditory cue (metronome), modifies the statistical persistence to anti-persistence. The objective was to analyze whether the combined effect of treadmill and rhythmic auditory cueing (RAC) modified not only statistical persistence, but also fluctuation magnitude (standard deviation, SD), and stationarity of SpL, SpT, SpS and SpW. Twenty healthy subjects performed 6×5 min. walking tests at various imposed speeds on a treadmill instrumented with foot-pressure sensors. Freely-chosen walking cadences were assessed during the first three trials, and then imposed accordingly in the last trials with a metronome. Fluctuation magnitude (SD) of SpT, SpL, SpS and SpW was assessed, as well as NonStationarity Index (NSI), which estimates the dispersion of local means in the times series (SD of 20 local means over 10 steps). No effect of RAC on fluctuation magnitude (SD) was observed. SpW was not modified by RAC, what is likely the evidence that lateral foot placement is separately regulated. Stationarity (NSI) was modified by RAC in the same manner as persistent pattern: Treadmill induced low NSI in the time series of SpS, and high NSI in SpT and SpL. On the contrary, SpT, SpL and SpS exhibited low NSI under RAC condition. We used relatively short sample of consecutive strides (100) as compared to the usual number of strides required to analyze fluctuation dynamics (200 to 1000 strides). Therefore, the responsiveness of stationarity measure (NSI) to cued walking opens the perspective to perform short walking tests that would be adapted to patients with a reduced gait perimeter.
Mildew-preventing Activity of Rhodanine Derivatives

ALTHOUGH rhodanine (I) has some fungicidal activity1, it was found to be ineffective as a mildewor rot-preventing agent on cotton cloth. Through condensation of rhodanine with aldehydes and ketones, derivatives (II) having marked mildew-proofing activity may be obtained. More than a hundred such derivatives have been prepared and tested in our laboratory. It is interesting to note that the new mildew-proofing agents contain the structure present in many plant fungicides (tetramethylthiuram disulphide and the salts of dithiocarbamic acid), as well as a carbonyl group conjugated with an ethylenic linkage, found in another class of fungicides2.
Properties of the T4 bacteriophage DNA replication apparatus: The T4 dda DNA helicase is required to pass a bound RNA polymerase molecule

The interaction of DNA replication forks with both stationary and transcribing RNA polymerase molecules has been examined in vitro, using the multienzyme T4 bacteriophage DNA replication system and purified E. coli RNA polymerase. We have found that a single stationary RNA polymerase molecule can block the movement of the T4 replication fork when bound to a promoter on a double-stranded fd DNA template. When transcription is allowed (in the same direction as replication), the replication fork appears to follow the moving RNA polymerase molecule at the relatively slow rate of transcription. The barriers to fork movement formed by E. coli RNA polymerase are eliminated by the addition of small amounts of a purified T4-encoded DNA helicase, the product of the dda gene. We find that replication complexes containing the dda protein cause stationary RNA polymerase molecules to dissociate from the DNA.
Time of emergence: Moving up early detection

Natural climate variability complicates the detection of anthropogenic climate change in the twenty-first century. Now, research shows that evidence of human influence first emerges from sea level rather than temperature rise.
Suicide Ideation, Depressive Symptoms, and Out-of-Home Placement Among Youth in the U.S. Child Welfare System

The objectives of this study were to describe the association between type of placement, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation among a sample of youth (7 years and older) as they entered the child welfare system and to examine the longitudinal effect of prior out-of-home placements and prior depressive symptoms on subsequent suicide ideation among these at-risk youth. Results supported a statistically significant association between prior depressive symptoms and subsequent suicide ideation, after adjusting for prior suicide ideation and prior out-of-home placements. Tests of mediation supported the role of prior depressive symptoms as a mediator between prior out-of-home placements and subsequent suicide ideation. These results suggest that youth who enter the child welfare system and are put in an out-of home placement may be at an increased risk for depressive symptoms, which in turn may increase their risk for suicide ideation.
Society of General Internal Medicine Symposium Integrating Substance Abuse Education in the Medical Student Curriculum

Physicians miss the diagnosis of substance abuse in significant numbers of patients, partly because of a lack of education about identifying and treating those patients. This article describes an attempt to integrate substance abuse into the curriculum of a traditionally organized medical school. Faculty selection, determination of the skills and knowledge needed, and methods for enriching the curriculum to include substance abuse are described. Problems encountered during the project, benefits of implementing the curriculum changes, and recommendations for other medical schools choosing to implement such a program also are provided.
Generalized discrete Fourier transforms: the discrete Fourier-Riccati-Bessel transform

Abstract We present and demonstrate a discrete Fourier-Riccati-Bessel transform that incorporates Neumann boundary conditions. We also suggest that this methodology, which originated with H.F. Johnson, can be applied to other discrete Fourier-type transforms with different boundary conditions. This project was originally motivated by the development of the generalized Fourier-grid R -matrix scattering method. We present the transform itself, its derivation, analysis of the approximations involved, and some applications.
The anodic oxidation of uranocene. Evidence for a reactive dication

Abstract Cyclic voltammetric evidence is presented which indicates the existence of uranocene radical cation and dication intermidiates in the electrochemical oxidation of uranocene in nonaqueous solvents.
Understanding the Level and Causes of Teacher Turnover: A Comparison with Other Professions.

Abstract It is commonly believed that teacher turnover is unusually high and that this is a sign of failure in the education system. Previous studies have tested this idea by comparing teacher turnover with that of similar professions, but have come to contradictory conclusions. We provide additional evidence by comparing teachers with professionals from other fields that are arguably comparable, namely nurses, social workers, and accountants. Using data from the Current Population Survey, the results suggest that the average rate of teacher turnover is not significantly higher than these professions, even after controlling for other measured differences among them. Where teacher turnover differs most from other professions is in the greater prevalence of turnover among older workers, likely reflecting earlier retirement. We find some evidence that the relatively high ratio of pensions-to-salaries in teaching partially explains this behavior. Other factors affecting turnover are also studied.
Compound intussusception consisting of forward and retrograde components

Abstract A case history is presented describing a 412 mo old boy with an atypical compound intussusception. The gross mechanism producing locking of the individual intussusceptions and the successful method of reduction are described. It is suggested that some cases of operatively irreducable intususceptions may fall in this category and thus be amenable to manipulation without resection of viable bowel. Reference is made to a similar previous case successfully treated by barium enema.
Poster Sessions CP03: Trophic Factors

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially Interleukin (IL)-6, are elevated in the brains and serum of very premature infants in association with perinatal infectious and hypoxic/ischemic insults. To determine potential adverse effects of IL-6 on brain development, cross-fostered litters of male cd-1 mice were injected subcranially with hyper-IL-6 or vehicle at postnatal day (pnd) 4 and examined for alterations in functional landmarks of CNS development. No acute injury response was evident at 1–7 days following hyper-IL-6 injection as determined by glial morphology and RNase protection assays for acute response genes, ICAM-1, iNOS, Mac-1, A-20, and EB-22. In preweanling mice, reflex ontogeny and physical markers of development were not altered; however, exposed mice demonstrated increased over-generalized motor responses (Fox Battery) leading to an overall impression of hyper-reactivity and hyperactivity. At pnd 24 and 80, assessment of autonomic, sensory, and motor systems (Functional Observation Battery) showed persistence of hyper-reactivity and hyperactivity. Learning and memory were assessed by passive avoidance (PA) at pnd 24 and by radial arm maze (RAM) in adults. Hyper-IL-6 exposure significantly impaired PA performance. RAM performance was similar between hyper-IL-6 and control groups in acquisition of win-shift task but hyper-IL-6 animals showed deficits on repeated acquisition task. The persistent hyperactive, hyper-reactive behavioral phenotype evident in hyper-IL-6 exposed mice appeared to interfere with performance on both learning and memory tasks, suggesting that early exposure of the developing brain to IL-6 can have persistent adverse functional effects and raising additional concerns for effects of immune mediators in premature infants.
Photoionization of impurity atoms in semiconductors in the presence of an applied electric field

Abstract An analytic expression for the photoionization cross section of an impurity atom in an applied field is derived for photon energies below the zero-field photoionization threshold. The use of a quantum defect wave function for the impurity ground state permits impurity atoms to be conveniently characterized in terms of known ground state energies. The Coulomb Green's function and the WKB approximation in parabolic coordinates are used to calculate the wave function of photoexcited electrons or holes from which the photoionization cross section is obtained. The results apply to shallow or deep levels associated with carriers bound to charged impurity centers. Results for photodetachment of carriers bound to neutral impurities are obtained in the limit where the impurity charge goes to zero.
Inflation, interest rate policy, and currency substitutions in developing economies: A discussion of some major issues

Abstract This paper deals with the management of interest rates in an open economy under rapid inflation and reviews the links between interest and exchange rate policies. To prevent current substitution the rate of interest paid to lenders must equal the equivalent rate after adjusting for differential taxation and intermediation costs. This would probably induce capital inflows and consequent monetary growth. Exchange risks are also considered in this context. The paper concludes that under inflationary conditions it is difficult to use only interest rates to achieve both proper resource allocation and prevention of currency substitution. Some policy measures to cope with this problem are discussed.
Bilateral simultaneous central retinal artery occlusions in atherosclerosis.

An 82-year-old woman with atherosclerosis developed central retinal artery occlusions (CRAOs) in both eyes within an interval of 5 minutes. There was no evidence of a thromboembolic source, systemic hypotension, vasculitis, migraine, or hypercoagulable state. Virtually simultaneous binocular CRAOs have been rarely reported, and suggest the possibility of a systemic but still undefined "hypercoagulable trigger."