cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of Diastolic Blood Pressure in Man by Feedback and Reinforcement.

Abstract : When provided with external feedback of their diastolic blood pressure and incentives to respond appropriately, normal male subjects learned to raise or lower their diastolic pressure in a 35-min training session. The differences between increase and decrease groups at the end of conditioning was 7.0 mm Hg or 10% of baseline. This difference was augmented to 10.4 mm Hg or 15% of 'voluntary control' even though feedback and incentives were withdrawn. Heart rate was also influenced by the conditioning of diastolic pressure although less markedly. Further analysis indicated that when diastolic pressure is reinforced heart rate is partially reinforced in the same direction, accounting for the coincidental conditioning of the related cardiovascular measure. No consistent changes in respiration or post-session verbal reports were obtained. These results lend support to the possibility of therapeutic application of the techniques in patients with essential hypertension. (Author)
Hippocampal Long-term Potentiation, Memory, and Longevity in Mice that Overexpress Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase

Superoxide has been shown to be critically involved in several pathological manifestations of aging animals. In contrast, superoxide also can act as a signaling molecule to modulate signal transduction cascades required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD-2 or Mn-SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide. Thus, SOD-2 may not only prevent aging-related oxidative stress, but may also regulate redox signaling in young animals. We used transgenic mice overexpressing SOD-2 to study the role of mitochondrial superoxide in aging, synaptic plasticity, and memory-associated behavior. We found that overexpression of SOD-2 had no obvious effect on synaptic plasticity and memory formation in young mice, and could not rescue the age-related impairments in either synaptic plasticity or memory in old mice. However, SOD-2 overexpression did decrease mitochondrial superoxide in hippocampal neurons, and extended the lifespan of the mice. These findings increase our knowledge of the role of mitochondrial superoxide in physiological and pathological processes in the brain.
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Duodenal Bulb With Metastases to the Ovaries and the Colon: A Case Report

Primary duodenal cancer is a rare entity which has accounted for only 0.3% of all gastrointestinal cancers. The majority of duodenal bulb cancers are adenocarcinomas and other histological variants are less frequent. Signet ring cell carcinoma, though more commonly found in the stomach, is uncommonly found to originate in the duodenal bulb. A review of the literature revealed only one previously reported cases of signet ring cell carcinoma of the duodenal bulb. We report a rare case of signet call carcinoma of the duodenal bulb with metastasis to the ovaries, peritoneum, and colon in a 25-year-old Hispanic female. She presented with abdominal pain, ascites, nausea and jaundice. Subsequent imaging studies revealed an adnexal mass and upper endoscopy revealed an exophytic obstructing duodenal bulb mass, biopsy consistent with signet ring carcinoma. Etiology and survival of signet ring cell carcinoma of the duodenal bulb is not well-defined in the literature due to the extreme rarity of this disease. Continued reporting of this rare entity will help in characterizing the natural history of the disease, which may allow for earlier recognition and treatment. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1223w
Topical medications: a focus on antifungals and topical steroids.

Abstract Because skin disease is accessible, it can be treated with locally applied medication, which offers great advantages-exposure to a drug is limited to the affected skin and systemic effects of potentially toxic drugs are minimized. Ointments, creams, antifungals, and antibiotics all have their place in treating various skin diseases. Topical steroids, the largest group of topical medications, are effective but present the potential for side effects. This article discusses current and new topical medications that can be used to treat a range of skin diseases.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits plasma membrane Pi transport without changing endocytic activity in opossum kidney cells

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits Na+-dependent Pi uptake in renal epithelial cells from opossum kidney (OK). This requires an intact endocytic pathway, suggesting that one action of PTH may be to promote endocytic removal of Na+/Pi cotransporters from the cell membrane. The present study tested if PTH, at a dose that inhibited membrane Pi transport, also produced an increase in endocytic activity. Pi transport was measured in isolated plasma membrane vesicles. Endocytosis was measured by allowing cells to take up horseradish peroxidase (HRP) followed by assay of triton-sensitive (latent) HRP activity in subcellular fractions isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Incubation of OK cells with 10−7 M PTH for 3 h decreased Na+/Pi cotransport by membrane vesicles to 328 ± 54 pmol/mg/min compared to 448 ± 67 pmol/mg/min (mean ± S.E., P < 0.03) in controls. Latent HRP content of endosomal fractions was dependent on the time and temperature used to load cells with HRP and on the concentration of HRP. However, incubation of OK cells with 10−7 M PTH for either 1 or 3 h produced no change in latent HRP activity. Thus the action of PTH on the Na+/Pi cotransporter in the plasma membrane of OK cells does not require a change in the rate of endocytosis.
Consumer socialization of preschoolers and kindergartners as related to clothing consumption

This study investigated the clothing selections for purchase of preschool and kindergarten-aged children in a midsized southern city. The theory of consumer socialization provided framework for the study. Seven hundred questionnaires were distributed to parents/ guardians of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children at public and private schools and preschools. A total of 314 usable questionnaires were completed by mothers, yielding a 45% response rate. T tests, ANOVA, and frequencies were used to analyze data. The effects of demographic variables were investigated in relation to three consumer socialization constructs. Findings indicated that consumer socialization of children begins at an early age and is related to selected demographic characteristics. Results of this study are important for those involved in the children's wear business, as well as for clothing and retailing educators. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
NONLINEAR TRANSIENT ANALYSIS VIA ENERGY MINIMIZATION

The formulation basis for nonlinear transient analysis of finite element models of structures using energy minimization is provided. Geometric and material nonlinearities are included. The development is restricted to simple one and two dimensional finite elements which are regarded as being the basic elements for modeling full aircraft-like structures under crash conditions. The results indicate the effectiveness of the technique as a viable tool for this purpose.
Behavioral responses of crayfish (Orconectes virilis andOrconectes rusticus) to chemical feeding stimulants.

We conducted two experiments to assess how chemical stimuli affect feeding behavior, grooming, and walking in the crayfishesOrconectes virilis andOrconectes rusticus. In the first experiment,O. virilis was tested with 29 amino acids; in the second experiment,0. rusticus was tested with 12 amino acids, 13 additional single compounds, and two six-compound mixtures. InO. virilis, the following amino acids, in order of potency, elicited feeding movements:l-isoleucine, glycine, hydroxy-l-proline,l-glutamate,l-valine, and B-alanine. Grooming increased in response tol-phenylalanine,l-tryptophan,l-tyrosine,l-leucine,l-methionine, and D-aspartate. InO. rusticus, both mixtures and the following single compounds, in order of potency, elicited feeding movements: cellobiose, sucrose, glycine, maltose, glycogen, nicotinic acid methyl ester, putrescine, andl-glutamate. Grooming increased in response to putrescine only, and walking increased in response to glycogen only. The responsiveness of these crayfishes to a wide variety of chemicals may reflect the omnivorous foraging habits of these crustaceans.
WEATHER SHOCKS AND INTER-HEMISPHERIC SUPPLY RESPONSES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON GLOBAL FOOD MARKETS

Climate models predict more weather extremes in the coming decades. Weather shocks can directly reduce crop production, but their effect on food markets is partly buffered by storage and supply responses that can be complex and nuanced. We explore how inter-hemispheric trade and supply responses can moderate the effects of weather shocks on global food supply by enabling potential intra-annual arbitrage. Our estimates of this effect in the case of wheat and soybeans suggest that it may be considerable: 25–50% of crop production lost to a shock in the Southern Hemisphere is offset six months later by increased production in the North. These results have implications for the potential effects of climate change on global food markets, for how we model these interactions and, possibly, for the design of trade and production-related policies that aim to leverage this inter-hemispheric buffer more effectively.
48Ca(3He, 3He)48Ca and 43Ca(3He, α)47Ca reactions at 15 MeV☆

Abstract Optical potential parameters were obtained from the analysis of elastic scattering angular distribution of 3 He by 48 Ca at 15 MeV. In the 48 Ca ( 3 He , α) 47 Ca reaction it was found that no states in 47 Ca up to 8 MeV excitation are excited strongly except the ground state and an unresolved doublet at 2.58 MeV. Distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis indicates a mixture of l n = 2 and l n = 0 in the transition to this doublet. Spectroscopic factors extracted with various optical potentials are compared. The choice of optical potential parameters for “best fit” DWBA predictions is discussed.
Characterization of embryo globulins encoded by the maize Glb genes.

Two of the most abundant proteins in maize embryos are saline-soluble, water-insoluble globulins. One is a Mr 63,000 protein encoded by the Glbl gene and the other is a Mr 45,000 component encoded by the Glb2 gene. Both proteins accumulate to high levels during embryo development and are rapidly degraded during the early stages of seed germination. Amino acid composition analysis indicates that these proteins may serve as storage reserves to provide sources of nitrogen and carbon to the germinating embryo. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the final Glbl gene product, GLB1, and its immediate precursor, GLBI', indicates that the latter is proteolytieally cleaved near the amino terminus to form GLB1. In addition to these biochemical studies, we describe the identification of a novel maize variant which lacks the protein product of the Glb2 gene.
Taking an Undergraduate Nutrition Course Results in Favorable Attitudes Toward a Healthful Diet and Improved Intake of Several Key Nutrients

The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of introductory undergraduate nutrition course on students’ attitudes toward healthy diet and on students’ intake of nutrients. A pre and post-test design was used to assess changes in self-reported nutrient intake. Open-ended questions were asked to elicit responses about how/whether the course had any impact on their attitudes toward foods and dietary behavior. A statistically significant increase in fiber, folate, potassium, and calcium intake were observed, comparing post to pre-test. A decrease in saturated fat intake in terms of energy percentage was observed. Increased awareness of the impact of diet on health was reported by students. A desire to increase intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and to decrease intake of fat and sugar was also reported. Students reported a willingness to eat less fast food and candies as well as drink fewer sodas. Thus, in this study a college nutrition course did effectively increase awareness of a healthy diet as well as change in attitude and modify dietary behavior.
GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES IN ANTHROPOLOGY

ABSTRACT In recent years anthropologists have been engaged in intensive research on a number of topics that have been of traditional interest to geographers. Although this research covers a wide range of anthropological specializations (e.g., social organization, tribal and peasant economies, cultural evolution), it is most clearly expressed in the abundant literature on cultural ecology. Viewed from the standpoint of the prior commitment of geographers, and especially cultural geographers, the studies examined in this review show convergence and even overlap in substantive research, whereas the trend of philosophical or methodological writings has been one of independent but mainly parallel development. This generalization, which constitutes the main finding of the review, is derived from a survey of the history and current orientations of anthropology and a critical analysis of some studies that are especially relevant to geography. The growing popularity among anthropologists of cultural ecology and ot...
Progress towards a cellular neurobiology of reading disability

Reading Disability (RD) is a significant impairment in reading accuracy, speed and/or comprehension despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunity. RD affects 5–12% of readers, has a well-established genetic risk, and is of unknown neurobiological cause or causes. In this review we discuss recent findings that revealed neuroanatomic anomalies in RD, studies that identified 3 candidate genes (KIAA0319, DYX1C1, and DCDC2), and compelling evidence that potentially link the function of candidate genes to the neuroanatomic anomalies. A hypothesis has emerged in which impaired neuronal migration is a cellular neurobiological antecedent to RD. We critically evaluate the evidence for this hypothesis, highlight missing evidence, and outline future research efforts that will be required to develop a more complete cellular neurobiology of RD.
A technique for nucleic acid in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes of mosquitoes in the Anopheles gambiae complex

A sensitive, simple, and reproducible in situ hybridization technique for the detection and precise localization of specific nucleic acid sequences on chromosomes of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex is described. Modifications of the in situ hybridization technique are described that allow simultaneous hybridization of several probes with the chromosomes on a single slide and the multiple use of a single chromosome preparation for several different probes hybridized successively on the same slide. Examples are shown that illustrate the utility of the technique for localization of both single copy and repeated sequences in both polytenized euchromatin and centromeric heterochromatin.
Multiairport Choice Models for the New York Metropolitan Area: Application Based on Ticketing Data

This study examines the potential to use online ticketing data to model airport choice for domestic flights originating in one of the three major airports located in the New York City area. Results indicate that airport accessibility and level of service influence airport choice. Results also suggest that capacity constraints—reflected in sold-out flights and higher fares—may lead to more switching across airports as the flight departure dates approach. This underscores the importance of incorporating the actual flights available and the actual prices seen by consumers at the time that they ticket into multiairport choice models.
Untangling a tangled web: a case study in choosing and implementing a CMS

Purpose – To present a case study of a library systems department's experience in choosing and implementing a content management system. By sharing this process others may be helped as they look for solutions and face similar situations.Design/methodology/approach – A reflective case study was chosen because it allowed the systems department to tell their story by reflecting on what had happened over the past two years. This is also a self study as the writers of the story are also the ones who experienced the events.Findings – The article provides a detailed account of choosing and implementing a CMS including insight into decisions, issues, and processes. The broad issues of usability, that usability is individualistic and task oriented, is portrayed. The hard work and difficulties involved in this type of project, especially for a small library, is recognized.Research limitations/implications – As this is one department's experiences, it is not necessarily generalizable to other CMS projects or other l...
Long-term clorgyline treatment antagonizes the eating and motor function responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine

Treatment for 21 days but not 3 days with clorgyline, a selective monoamine oxidase type A inhibitor with antidepressant effects, causes significant escape from m-chlorophenylpiperazine's effects on food intake, sedation level and induction of limb movements, but sensitizes rats to ejaculation. These findings support the prior reports of functional serotonin pathway adaptational changes in the motor system in response to antidepressant treatment and extend these findings to serotonin pathways involved in eating behavior.
Thyroid hormone action: insight from transgenic mouse models

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are cellular homologues of the viral erythroblastic leukemia oncogene (v-erbA). TRs (c-crbA isoforms) are derived from two separate gene loci in mammals: α and β. Through a series of knockout experiments in mice in which one or several of the TR isoforms were deleted, it has been demonstrated that the TR-β isoforms control central regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Of these isoforms, TR-β2 is the most important in mediating negative feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Further analysis of TR knockout animals revealed, however, that they exhibited a much milder overall phenotype than hypothyroid animals, indicating that receptor loss was not equivalent to ligand loss in vivo. To understand this apparent paradox, we generated animals expressing a non-T3 binding receptor (Δ337T) from the TR-β allele. These mice displayed a complete hypothyroid phenotype, demonstrating that the unliganded TR mediates the effect of hypothyroidism. Because this mutant TR constitutively binds to nuclear coreprssors, it also suggests that this class of proteins is essential for mediating hypothyroidism in vivo.
Radiological findings in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: a rare differential for pulmonary cysts and renal tumors.

Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by cutaneous hair follicle tumors, pulmonary cysts, and renal tumors. We report a case of a 63-year-old male patient with this syndrome. The radiological findings seen with this syndrome are described. Radiologists should be aware of and able to recognize this syndrome.
The Stellar Populations within the ρ Oph Cloud Cores

We have obtained infrared colors and limiting magnitudes from 1.25 – 4.8µm for a sample of 26 of the cm continuum radio sources located in the core of the ρ Oph molecular cloud. Their colors demonstrate that the majority of the sources appear to be heavily reddened objects surrounded by circumstellar accretion disks. In these cases the radio emission most likely diagnoses accretion driven energetic outflow phenomena: either ionized winds or possibly synchrotron emission from shocked gas associated with stellar jets.
Role of the liver in regulation of body cysteine and taurine levels: A brief review

The first-pass metabolism of dietary sulfur amino acids by the liver and the robust upregulation of hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity in response to an increase in dietary protein or sulfur amino acid level gives the liver a primary role in the removal of excess cysteine and in the synthesis of taurine. Hepatic taurine synthesis is largely restricted by the low availability of cysteinesulfinate as substrate for cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase, and taurine production is increased when cysteinesulfinate increases in response to an increase in the hepatic cysteine concentration and the associated increase in cysteine dioxygenase activity. The upregulation of cysteine dioxygenase in the presence of cysteine is a consequence of diminished ubiquitination of cysteine dioxygenase and a slower rate of degradation by the 26S proteasome.
Stress intensity factors for large aspect ratio surface and corner cracks at a semi-circular notch in a tension specimen

Stress intensity factor solutions for semielliptic surface and quarter-elliptic corner cracks emanating from a semicircular notch in a tension specimen are presented. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis in conjunction with the equivalent domain integral was used to calculate stress intensity factors (SIF). SIF solutions for surface or corner crack (crack length to depth ratio of 2) at a notch are presented for a wide range of crack sizes and notch radii. Results showed that the SIF are larger for larger crack lengths and for larger notch radii. The SIF are nearly constant all along the crack front for deep surface cracks and for all corner cracks analysed.
Thermomechanical properties of blends of pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)

Blends of citrus pectin and several types of poly(vinyl alcohol) were investigated to determine the effects of compositional variables and polymer type on film properties. Some films were also plasticized with glycerol. Films were cast from water onto Lexan™ plates, dried, and removed. Thermomechanical properties were obtained using a dynamic mechanical analyzer, and thermodynamic transitions were also obtained using a differential scanning calorimeter. Increasing the amount of poly(vinyl alcohol) in the blends reduced the storage and loss modulus of the films above the glass transition temperature (Tg). The Tg values observed decreased as the amount of PVOH in the blend increased. Addition of glycerol depressed the PVOH Tg and merged it into the Tg of the pectin/glycerol blend. Changes in the molecular weight and degree of ester hydrolysis of poly(vinyl alcohol) exerted a rather small effect on the blends. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SENSOP: A derivative-free solver for nonlinear least squares with sensitivity scaling

Nonlinear least squares optimization is used most often in fitting a complex model to a set of data. An ordinary nonlinear least squares optimizer assumes a constant variance for all the data points. This paper presents SENSOP, a weighted nonlinear least squares optimizer, which is designed for fitting a model to a set of data where the variance may or may not be constant. It uses a variant of the Levenberg-Marquardt method to calculate the direction and the length of the step change in the parameter vector. The method for estimating appropriate weighting functions applies generally to 1-dimensional signals and can be used for higher dimensional signals. Sets of multiple tracer outflow dilution curves present special problems because the data encompass three to four orders of magnitude; a fractional power function provides appropriate weighting giving success in parameter estimation despite the wide range.
On the problem of edge-bonded elastic quarter-planes loaded at the boundary

Abstract The stress field in bonded quarter-planes of different elastic materials due to arbitrary (integrable) normal and shear loading applied at the boundary is given explicitly in terms of the two composite parameters α, β introduced in Dundur's discussion [2] of the author's previous paper [1]. The singularity in the stress field is studied for all physically relevant values of α, β. The singularity is of order r − λ , log r, or 1 depending on the values of α, β. The solution for uniform normal and shearing tractions is also obtained from a limiting case. The general solution is also used to derive a simple algebraic function of α only, that represents the fraction of the applied load borne by each quarter-plane. Finally the loading is specialized to that of a concentrated normal force and the resulting stress components are shown graphically as a function of position along the bonded edge for various values of α, β.
Ground state of the extended one-dimensional Hubbard model: a green's function Monte Carlo algorithm

A Monte Carlo method for obtaining exact ground-state properties of a class of Hubbard Hamiltonians is described. Results are presented for two special cases, nearest-neighbor Coulomb and on-site interactions, where previous exact results are known. The straightforward applicability of the method to a wider variety of interactions is demonstrated.
The Relationship Between Perceived Racism/Discrimination and Health Among Black American Women: a Review of the Literature from 2003 to 2013

Objectives The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the literature investigating the relationship between perceived racism/discrimination and health among black American women.
Schedulability bound for integrated modular avionics partitions

In the avionics industry, as a hierarchical scheduling architecture Integrated Modular Avionics System has been widely adopted for its isolating capability. In practice, in an early development phase, a system developer does not know much about task execution times, but only task periods and IMA partition information. In such a case the schedulability bound for a task in a given partition tells a developer how much of the execution time the task can have to be schedulable. Once the developer knows the bound, then the developer can deal with any combination of execution times under the bound, which is safe in terms of schedulability. We formulate the problem as linear programming that is commonly used in the avionics industry for schedulability analysis, and compare the bound with other existing ones which are obtained with no period information.
Interaction of hyaluronic acid and bovine plasma albumin

Abstract Hyaluronic acid and bovine plasma albumin appear to form a complex which is evident in Tiselius electrophoretic patterns as a peak intermediate between those for the other components. This peak is called the π complex. Data are presented which support the hypothesis that the π peak represents a stable complex under the conditions of Tiselius electrophoresis employed in these studies; although under slightly altered conditions, or when hyaluronic acid of low molecular weight is used, it is readily dissociable. Prior criticisms by Davies, Nichol and Ogston are considered.
Contingency management in methadone maintenance: effects of reinforcing and aversive consequences on illicit polydrug use.

Abstract Treatment outcomes were compared for an intervention emphasizing reinforcement for abstinence from illicit drug use and an alternative intervention which combined the same reinforcement contingencies with aversive consequences for unauthorized drug use. Sixteen polydrug abusing methadone maintenance patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Both groups received the opportunity to take methadone doses away from the clinic (take-home dose) as reinforcement for submitting urines testing negative for illicit substances. A regular weekly take-home dose of methadone could be earned for every 2 weeks of verified abstinence from unauthorized drugs, up to a maximum of three take-home doses per week. The combined intervention group had an additional contingency which involved a reduction in methadone dose as an aversive consequence for submitting urine samples testing positive for illicit substances. Specifically, 10% of the patient's daily methadone dose was lost for each week in which two of three urines tested positive for illicit drugs. An examination of the urinalysis results indicated no between group differences. Overall, 8% of the 12-week baseline urinalysis results tested negative for illicit substances while 42% tested negative for unauthorized substances during the 20 weeks of treatment intervention. At the end of the intervention period, nine subjects remained in treatment with three patients in each group receiving at least once weekly take-home privileges. Of the seven subjects no longer in treatment, five were in the combined intervention group. The study supports previous work from this laboratory demonstrating that reinforcement based interventions as compared to procedures emphasizing aversive consequences produce an equivalent number of treatment successes while avoiding dropout among patients who fail to respond to treatment.
Surface wave amplitude anomalies: is reciprocity valid?

Surface wave amplitude anomalies are studied using Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) records of some recent circum-Pacific events (e.g., 1983 Costa Rica, 1983 Akita-oki, 1982 Ometepec and 1983 Peru-Ecuador). Some event-station pairs can be effectively used to interchange the source and receiver on a given path, and thus provide information on an approximately reciprocal path. At certain stations, amplitude asymmetries of R3 to R2 are significant. Band-pass filtered records show that such asymmetries are frequency dependent. As these anomalies are primarily caused by focusing and defocusing effects, we have done ray tracing experiments using the phase velocity model of Tanimoto in an attempt to account for the observed anomalies. While anomalies such as those at TATO and MAJO for the Costa Rica event or at COL for the Akita-oki event are well predicted by the ray tracing, others are not. At station HON, where the ray tracing experiment failed to predict any asymmetry, we studied surface wave propagation on nearly reciprocal paths in some detail using records of smaller events. The results indicate that actual propagation in the heterogeneous Earth considerably varies between closely spaced, but not exactly reciprocal paths. Such sensitivity to source and receiver placement is not predicted by smooth Earth structures. This suggests that there must be substantial small scale structural variations. The length scale of these variations is presumably on the order of the wavelengths of 100–250 s surface waves (400–1000 km). There is an unexpectedly large vertical component associated with the overtone phase X3 at some stations. In the radial component of these records we identify two group arrivals around the X3 phase; the first one directly propagated from the source and the second one, which has a prominent vertical component, may be due to modal conversion through the path.
Translocation t(17;18)(q10;q10): a new nonrandom chromosomal translocation of clonal evolution in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Received July 20, 2000; accepted December 29, 2000. Major recent advances in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in particular increased understanding of the role of the Bcr-Abl protein in its pathogenesis and the development of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are leading to effective and nontoxic therapy of this disease. However, the management of advanced disease remains unsatisfactory. The identification of molecular and cytogenetic events leading to disease progression is of interest because treatment can be tailored, based on the likelihood of disease progression related to such events, and, once these events have been identified, it may be possible to identify new targets for the treatment of more advanced stages of the disease. Clonal evolution, the appearance of new chromosomal aberrations in addition to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), is an indicator of disease acceleration in CML, occurring in 50 – 80% of patients at the time of progression. The changes reported most frequently are trisomy 8, double Ph, trisomy 19, and abnormalities of chromosome 17, including 17pand isochromosome 17. Other less frequent abnormalities include monosomies of chromosomes 7, 17, and Y, and trisomies of chromosomes 17 and 21. Although recurring chromosomal translocations are being described increasingly in hematologic malignancies, they have not been frequently associated with CML acceleration, with translocation t(3;21) seen only in occasional patients. The importance of identifying new translocations is related to their utility in identifying new genes that are important in leukemogenesis. Several translocations have been characterized in human leukemias. The exact cause of human chromosomal translocations remains unclear. It is not known whether such events are nonspecific, occurring at “fragile” sites within the genome and resulting in a selective growth advantage as a result of their proximity to protooncogenes, or whether such events are more specific, related to topoisomerase II enzyme activity. Several potential mechanisms responsible for nonrandom translocations have been proposed including homologous recombination mediated by Alu elements, translin activity, purine/pyrimidine repeat regions, illegitimate V(D)J recombinations, and topoisomerase II inhibitor effects. –13 Translocation of the long arms between chromosomes 17 and 18, t(17;18), has been reported infrequently in association with hematologic malignancies (Table 1). Of the previously reported 10 cases, only 1 was a patient with CML; the other 9 patients had acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This led to the suggestion by Jonveaux et al. that this translocation is a nonrandom 1704
A theoretical study of the potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants of TaC and TaC

Abstract Potential energy curves for the various low-lying electronic states of TaC and TaC + have been studied using the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field method (CASMCSCF) followed by first-order and restricted second-order configuration (FOCI, SOCI) interaction calculations. The effect of spin–orbit interactions has been studied using the relativistic configuration interaction method. The ground state of TaC has been found to be 2 Σ + whereas two nearly degenerate states ( 1 Σ + , 3 Σ + ) are found as candidates for the ground state of TaC + . Inclusion of spin–orbit effect yields a state 1/2 as the ground state of TaC, while in case of TaC + 1 and 0 − states are very close in energy.
The Hermeticity of Compression Seals in Microchannel Hemodialyzers

Most end stage renal disease patients receive kidney hemodialysis three to four times per week at central medical facilities. At-home kidney dialysis increases the convenience and frequency of hemodialysis treatments which has been shown to produce better patient outcomes. One limiting factor in realizing home hemodialysis treatments is the cost of the hemodialyzer. Microchannel hemodialyzers produced using compression sealing techniques show promise for reducing the size and cost of hemodialyzers. Challenges include the use of a 25 m thick elastoviscoplastic (EVP) mass transfer membrane for gasketing. This paper provides a framework for understanding the hermeticity of these compression seals. The mechanical properties of a Gambro AN69ST membrane are determined and used to establish limits on the dimensional tolerances of the polycarbonate (PC) laminae containing sealing bosses used to seal the hemodialyzer. The resulting methods are applied to the fabrication of a hemodialysis device showing constraints on the scaling of this method to larger device sizes. The resulting hemodialysis device is used to perform urea mass transfer experiments without leakage.
Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge

Previous research has found that subjects eagerly seek information about their abilities. However, subjects' a priori beliefs regarding their ability generally have not been taken into account. Most people assume that their ability level is high and expect to succeed at achievement tasks. Consequently, the search for ability-relevant feedback may reffect a desire to gain favorable information about the self rather than, or in addition to, a desire to gain accurate information about the self. To explore this issue, the present research examined subjects' interest in evaluating their abilities after controlling for their anticipations of success. In four studies, the search for ability-relevant feedback was most evident when subjects had reason to believe that they would gain positive, rather than negative, information about the self. However, even those led to believe that feedback might disclose incompetence did not completely refrain from further information-seeking. These findings suggest that both self-enhancement and self-assessment motives affect the dynamics of ability evaluation. The discussion considers the implications of the findings for understanding the manner in which individuals acquire self-knowledge.
Biogeochemistry: Managing land and climate

Management practices applied to existing types of land cover can influence the local climate as much as a conversion to a different type of plant cover.
Next Generation Optical Access Networks

The last mile continues to be a major bottleneck in the Internet. Its low bandwidth and flexibility prevents the deployment of new services and the development of new applications. In this paper we present a summary of current efforts in access networks research, focusing in particular on fiber optic solutions. We present the Stanford University aCCESS (SUCCESS) initiative within the Photonics & Networking Research Laboratory (PNRL). As part of this initiative, two novel network architectures have been developed, SUCCESS-HPON and SUCCESS-DWA, which propose a smooth migration path from current TDM-PONs to future higher bandwidth, cost-efficient, scalable WDM-PONs. In addition, we present SUCCESS-LCO, a spectral-shaping line coding technique that enables a cost-effective shorter-term capacity upgrade of existing TDM-PONs. We discuss as well what we believe are the main open research areas in optical access networks.
The edta complex of platinum(IV): a titrimetric and spectrophotometric study

Abstract Platinum in the form of hexachloroplatinate(IV) reacts slowly with EDTA in a 1:1 mole ratio. At the concentration level used (a few mg per 50–75 ml), favorable conditions were solution of pH 3–4.5, and 3–8-fold molar excess of EDTA. Complete reaction required heating at 100° for 1.5–2 h. The reaction rate was retarded by acetate ion, but not by nitrate or sulfate. Titrimetric determination of platinum was accomplished by addition of excess standard EDTA, buffering to pH 3–4.5, heating the mixture at 100° for 1.5 h, buffering to pH 5.3 with acetic acid-acetate, and back-titrating with zinc acetate to a xylenol orange end-point. Blank corrections were necessary to compensate for trace metal impurities in the water and/or reagents. Determinations of 0.4–3 mg of platinum per 50 ml were accurate to ± 1.3% standard deviation. Both titrimetric and spectrophotometric evidence ruled out the possibility of reduction of platinum(IV) by EDTA. Titrimetric methods showed the complex to be PtCl 4 HY 3- , where Y is the deprotonated EDTA.
The X-ray structural characterization of a tetrameric binuclear bis(μ-oxo) molybdenum(V) compound bridged by methoxide ligands

Etude par diffraction RX du complexe [Mo 2 O 4 (OMe) 2 PMe 3 ] 4 . Cristallisation dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe P2 1 /c et affinement jusqu'a R=0,072. Coordination octaedrique deforme ou pyromidale a base carree deformee autour des atomes Mo
Dynamic effects of surface plasmons on the lifetimes of neutral excited rare-gas atoms physisorbed on metal surfaces Radiative and nonradiative processes

We have considered the excitation spectra of neutral rare-gas atoms physisorbed on metal surfaces. The adsorbed atom and its image interact through the dipole-dipole interaction and radiate to each other as well. The charge of the image atom is screened by the dielectric function of the surface plasmons. Due to the common radiation field between the atom and its image, the excitation spectra consist of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes, respectively. Each of them splits into two excitations: the atomic-like and the surface plasmon-like excitations, which arise because of the presence of the surface plasmons. The surface plasmon-like excitations appear near the surface plasmon frequencies and consist of broad spectral lines, which have large radiative widths and small relative intensities in comparison with those of the atomic like excitations, that emerge near the atomic frequencies. The spectral functions describing the symmetric and antisymmetric modes have been calculated in the presence of the pla...
Removal of Günther Tulip vena cava filter through femoral vein approach.

The Gunther Tulip vena cava filter is designed for removal by the internal jugular vein approach with use of a blunted hook placed at the superior aspect of the filter. Removal of this filter was performed by the femoral approach in a patient with central venous occlusion that precluded removal by the conventional approach.
A role for thermoregulation in the Polistes dominulus invasion: a comparison of the thermoregulatory abilities of the invasive wasp P. dominulus and the native wasp P. fuscatus

Social insects are excellent invaders that have had negative impacts on native species and humans. Many invasive species move from warmer to cooler climates. For these species, thermal adaptations may both be important for their ability to invade and to limit their invasion range. The invasion of Polistes dominulus into North America provides an example of a primitively eusocial invader from a warmer climate. We studied the differences in thermoregulation between P. dominulus and the native P. fuscatus. We found that, during flight, thorax temperature in P. fuscatus was less affected by ambient temperature than thorax temperature of P. dominulus. We also found that P. dominulus and P. fuscatus showed different patterns of warming after removal from a cold environment. Unlike P. dominulus, live P. fuscatus never fully cooled down in a cold environment. P. fuscatus also reached their relative minimum flight temperatures earlier than P. dominulus, but P. dominulus maintained higher elevated temperatures for longer. These differences in thermoregulatory ability suggest that the lower winter survival of P. dominulus could be offset by a greater thermal tolerance during flight, while the lower thermal tolerance of P. fuscatus in flight is offset somewhat by better thermoregulatory ability.
Full-rate injection-locked 10.3Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit in a 45GHz-f/sub T/ SiGe process

We present a 10.3Gb/s full-rate fully integrated injection-locked CDR circuit with a BER lower than 1e-12 over a 160MHz lock range. With a 33V supply, the CDR core and the output buffers consume 230mW and 175mW, respectively, while occupying an active area of 730mum times 680mum. The CDR is fabricated in a mature 45-GHz fT SiGe BiCMOS technology
A Need for Post‐Impact and Policy Studies: The Case of the “Shetland Experience”*

This article argues that many studies of social impacts of energy development deal with prior predictions of impact rather than actual impacts of development. Further it suggests that more attention be paid to the intervening variables of policy and planning. To illustrate the need for post-impact studies, the “Shetland Experience” is described. Shetland, where the anticipation of onshore oil development has produced policy specifically designed to avoid negative social impacts, is often referred to as a success in dealing with rapid change. However, due to lack of empirical research, it is not yet known if the policy was effective.
A new efficient and direct solution for pose estimation using quadrangular targets: algorithm and evaluation

Pose estimation is an important operation for many vision tasks. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm for pose estimation based on the volume measurement of tetrahedra composed of feature-point triplets extracted from an arbitrary quadrangular target and the lens center of the vision system. The inputs to this algorithm are the six distances joining all feature pairs and the image coordinates of the quadrangular target. The outputs of this algorithm are the effective focal length of the vision system, the interior orientation parameters of the target, the exterior orientation parameters of the camera with respect to an arbitrary coordinate system if the target coordinates are known in this frame, and the final pose of the camera. The authors have also developed a shape restoration technique which is applied prior to pose recovery in order to reduce the effects of inaccuracies caused by image projection. An evaluation of the method has shown that this pose estimation technique is accurate and robust. Because it is based on a unique and closed form solution, its speed makes it a potential candidate for solving a variety of landmark-based tracking problems. >
Vocal responses to emotional picture viewing

Vocal changes in emotional situations may identify contributing factors in behavioral voice disorders and direct more efficient therapies. Finding appropriate measures of voicing that detect emotional conditions is a first step in this line of investigation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electroglottography (EGG) contact quotient is a viable measure to detect vocal changes in different emotion states. Vocal responses in 18 vocally healthy participants were measured using EGG contact quotient during picture viewing from the International Affective Picture System. Results demonstrated that in negative emotional conditions participants employed significantly greater EGG contact quotient than in neutral or positive conditions. EGG contact quotient appears to be a viable measure to investigate voice and emotion.
Examination of the internalization of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in peanut, Arachis hypogaea, using immunocytochemical techniques

Abstract A variety of products of plant origin, such as tomatoes, melons, peppers, and peanuts, have been implicated in Salmonella spp. associated outbreaks in recent years. Although these bacteria have been found to internalize within some plants associated with foodborne-related outbreaks, the internalization in peanut plants has not been examined to date. To investigate internalization and where the bacteria localize within the plant, intact peanut seeds were contaminated with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) for 30 min and immunocytochemical techniques were used to localize the bacterium within the stem tissue of 16 day-old peanut plants. An average of 13.6 bacteria/mm3 were localized within the sampled tissue. The bacteria were found to be associated with every major tissue (cortical, vascular, epidermal, and pith) and corresponding cell type. The cortical cells located to the outside of the vascular bundles contained the majority of the Salmonella cells (72.4%). Additional growth experiments demonstrated peanut seedlings could support the reproduction of Salmonella to high levels (109 CFU/plant) after 2 days following seed contamination. Together these results show that Salmonella Typhimurium can internalize within many different plant tissue types after a brief seed contamination event and that the bacteria are able to grow and persist within the plant.
Conductive Heat Transfer through Insulated Building Enclosure Components: A Cross-Section Analysis of Constructions Typical to Low-Rise Residential and Commercial Buildings in North America:

The main purpose of thermal insulation in buildings is to reduce conductive heat loss and maintain appropriate interior surface temperatures. How ever, ensuring the desired performance requires not only good workmanship during construction but also careful prediction of the hygro-thermal behavior of building components with complex geometry and material composition (thermal bridges). This paper includes the results of a study of insulated building components typical to the construction practice in North America, concentrating on low-rise residential and commercial buildings. It deals specifically with the significance of the accurate simulation of conductive heat transfer for both energy (heat load calculations) and building integrity issues (surface condensation).