cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biological Activities of cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum II and Its Derivatives

Malignant neoplasms are the second leading cause of death. In 1964 Rosenberg and co-workers discovered that cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum II prevented select bacteria from dividing. This led to the licensing, in 1980, of Platinol and brought about the synthesis and characterization of numerous derivatives of cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum II. The structural requirements, mode of activity, animal and human toxicity, and antineoplastic effects of such derivatives are reviewed. Due to the rapidity with which antineoplastic platinum compounds are filtered through the kidney, a high level of renal, and related, damage occurs. One method of lowering this toxicity, which may also permit prolonged controlled release of the active platinum-containing compounds, is the placement of the platinum into polymers.The rational synthesis and biological and physical characterization of these polymeric platinum-containing polymers is discussed.
Great promise of tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cells in transplantation and cancer therapies.

Recent progress in tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cell research has inspired great interest because these immature cells from your own body can act as potential, easily accessible cell sources for cell transplantation in regenerative medicine and cancer therapies. The use of adult stem/progenitor cells endowed with a high self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation potential, which are able to regenerate all the mature cells in the tissues from their origin, offers great promise in replacing non-functioning or lost cells and regenerating diseased and damaged tissues. The presence of a small subpopulation of adult stem/progenitor cells in most tissues and organs provides the possibility of stimulating their in vivo differentiation, or of using their ex vivo expanded progenies for cell-replacement and gene therapies with multiple applications in humans without a high-risk of graft rejection and major side effects. Among the diseases that could be treated by adult stem cell-based therapies are hematopoietic and immune disorders, multiple degenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus as well as skin, eye, liver, lung, tooth and cardiovascular disorders. In addition, a combination of the current cancer treatments with an adjuvant treatment consisting of an autologous or allogeneic adult stem/progenitor cell transplantation also represents a promising strategy for treating and even curing diverse aggressive, metastatic, recurrent and lethal cancers. In this chapter, we reviewed the most recent advancements on the characterization of phenotypic and functional properties of adult stem/progenitor cell types found in bone marrow, heart, brain and other tissues and discussed their therapeutic implications in the stem cell-based transplantation therapy.
Syndromes and Clinical Management Issues Associated with T-Cell Lymphomas

T-cell lymphomas have been associated with unique syndromes, and the therapies used to treat T-cell lymphomas have characteristic side effects which require special attention by the clinician. In this chapter, we will first discuss certain clinical syndromes associated with lymphomas of T-cell origin. In addition to having worse prognosis than B-cell lymphomas, T-cell lymphomas have been associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, central nervous system involvement, electrolyte abnormalities, an increased rate of skin infections and fatigue (in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma particularly), and second malignancies. In the second part of the chapter, we will review the five FDA-approved agents for T-cell lymphomas—denileukin diftitox, bexarotene, vorinostat, romidepsin and pralatrexate—and their unique properties that should be considered by treating physicians. Finally, we will discuss the unique side effects of investigational agents for T-cell lymphomas.
Business Process as Nexus of Knowledge

Knowledge management is rarely thought of as a strategy for redesigning business processes. This chapter examines approaches to knowledge management within the context of business process redesign. In it, we illustrate and explain how knowledge management can be used both to support and to enhance business processes.
Grouping of Variables to Facilitate SDL Methods in Multivariate Data Sets

Data sets that are subject to Statistical Disclosure Limitation (SDL) often have many variables of different types that need to be altered for disclosure limitation. To produce a good quality public data set, the data protector needs to account for the relationships between the variables. Hence, ideally SDL methods should not be univariate, that is, treating each variable independently of others, but multivariate, handling many variables at the same time. However, if a data set has many variables, as most government survey data do, the task of developing and implementing a multivariate approach for SDL becomes difficult. In this paper we propose a pre-masking data processing procedure which consists of clustering the variables of high dimensional data sets, so that different groups of variables can be masked independently, thus reducing the complexity of SDL. We consider different hierarchical clustering methods, including our version of hierarchical clustering algorithm, that we call K-Link, and outline how the data protector can define an appropriate number of clusters for these methods. We implemented and applied these methods to two genuine multivariate data sets. The results of the experiments show that K-Link has a potential to solve this problem efficiently. The success of the method, however, depends on the correlation structure of the data. For the data sets where most of the variables are correlated, clustering of variables and subsequent independent application of SDL methods to different clusters may lead to attenuated correlation in the masked data, even for efficient clustering methods. Thereby, the proposed approach is a trade-off between the computational complexity of multivariate SDL methods and data utility loss due to independent treatment of different clusters by SDL methods.
Morphological patterns and histochemical profile inMimusops—Arrhenothrips gall system

Morphogenetic changes involved in the gall leaves ofMimusops elengi Linn. (Sapotaceae) as a result of deliberate changes in the feeding sites ofArrhenothrips ramakrishnae Hood (Thysanoptera: Insecta) have been investigated. A comparative histochemical study of the normal as well as gall tissues revealed a higher incidence of protein, lipids, starch, tannins as well as enzymes such as acid phosphatase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in gall tissues. Turgid hypertrophied cells in the gall mesophyll and their functional relationship with peroxidase evoke interest particularly in the context of the morphogenetic behaviour of gall-laminar under different experimental verifications, essentially because the causal relationship between the treatment with peroxidase and curling of root slices are known.
Characterization of DSM-IV Opioid Dependence Among Individuals of European Ancestry.

Objective:The opioid epidemic in the United States has led to unprecedented increases in morbidity and mortality, posing a serious public health crisis. Although twin and family studies, as well as...
Natural Disasters and Violent Conflicts

Comparisons between disasters and violent conflicts are often noted by political figures and in the news media, and those responding to conflicts and disasters witness similarities on the ground. In contrast, the academic fields studying violent conflicts and so-called natural disasters have developed separately, and practitioners usually separate the two phenomena as soon as the emergency response is over. This chapter, based on interviews with practitioners and a review of scholarly literature, makes a case for increased cross-disciplinary dialogue. We identify common consequences, responses, and even causes of conflicts and disasters. We argue that more and better partnerships between those who work on conflicts and those who work on disasters can lead to advances in understanding and responding to conflicts and disasters.
Sequential Design of Switching $\mathscr{H}_{\infty}$ LPV State-Feedback Control

This paper proposes a sequential approach for designing switching LPV (Linear Parameter-Varying) $\mathscr{H}_{\infty}$ state-feedback controllers with given division of scheduling parameter subregions. Different from the traditional simultaneous design of switching LPV control that usually results in a relatively high-dimensional optimization problem, the proposed method designs the switching LPV controllers sequentially, leading to a bundle of low-dimensional optimization problems to be solved iteratively. Interpolated controller variables are utilized on the overlapped subregions and independent PLMIs (Parametric Linear Matrix Inequalities) are formulated on individual subregion to synthesize switching LPV controllers. At the same time, the formulated PLMIs are able to guarantee that the $\mathscr{H}_{\infty}$ performances on overlapped subregions are no worse than adjacent subregions. With the proposed method, the $\mathscr{H}_{\infty}$ performance over the entire scheduling parameter region can be guaranteed by sequentially designing individual controller and interpolating controller variables on overlapped subregions. Application example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrates improved performance over the conventional simultaneous design approach.
Modeling neurological disease using human stem cell-derived microglia-like cells transplanted into rodent brains

Microglia play important but incompletely understood roles in the pathogenesis of neurological disease. New chimeric models using transplanted human stem cell-derived microglia-like cells hold great promise to better model the unique function of human microglia in brain disease.
Contemporary Outcomes of Heart Transplantation in Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Disease and Prior Intracardiac Repair: Analysis from UNOS Database

Purpose Number of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients who require heart transplantation (HT) has increased. However, transplant rate for these patients has remained low. The potential reason of this phenomenon could be surgical complexity related to anatomical abnormalities and multiple prior surgeries. In this study, we sought to determine the HT outcomes of ACHD patients who had prior cardiac surgery using United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. Methods Between January 2008 and March 2019, ACHD patients who had prior cardiac surgery and subsequent HT were identified from the UNOS database. As a control group, adult patients without congenital heart disease who had prior sternotomy and subsequent HT were extracted.Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare outcomes between two groups. Results There were 793 ACHD group and 8400 control. Unadjusted comparison shows that ACHD were younger (p Conclusion ACHD patients with prior intracardiac repair carried higher operative risk but long-term outcome was equivalent to non-ACHD patients with prior sternotomy.
Physical Separation and Beneficiation of End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panel Materials: Utilizing Temperature Swings and Particle Shape

One of the technical challenges with the recovery of valuable materials from end-of-life (EOL) photovoltaic (PV) modules for recycling is the liberation and separation of the materials. We present a potential method to liberate and separate shredded EOL PV panels for the recovery of Si wafer particles. The backing material is removed by submersion in liquid nitrogen, while the encapsulant is removed by pyrolysis. After pyrolysis, separation of the liberated particles (i.e., Si wafer and glass) is carried out by using particle size and shape with mechanical screening. Using this robust approach, a Si wafer grade of 86% and a recovery of 88% were achieved.
Cannibal domination and the matter power spectrum

Decoupled hidden sectors can easily and generically result in a period of cannibal domination, during which the dominant component of the Universe has an equation of state intermediate between radiation and matter due to self-heating by number-changing interactions. We present for the first time the consequences of a cannibal-dominated era prior to big bang nucleosynthesis for structure formation on small scales. We find that an early cannibal-dominated era imprints a characteristic peak on the dark matter power spectrum, with scale and amplitude directly determined by the mass, lifetime, and number-changing interaction strength of the cannibal field. This enhancement to the small-scale matter power spectrum will generate early-forming dark matter microhalos, and we provide a detailed and transparent map between the properties of the cannibal species and the characteristic mass and formation time of these structures. These relations demonstrate how the internal workings of a hidden sector leave a potentially observable imprint on the matter power spectrum even if dark matter has no direct couplings to the Standard Model.
Comparison of Radio-Frequency Power Architectures for Plasma Generation

Applications such as plasma generation require the generation and delivery of radio-frequency (rf) power into widely-varying loads while simultaneously demanding high accuracy and speed in controlling the output power across a wide range of power levels. Attaining high efficiency and performance across all operating conditions while meeting these system requirements is challenging, especially at high frequencies (10s of MHz) and power levels (1000s of Watts and above). This paper evaluates different architectures that directly address these challenges and enable efficient high-frequency operation over a wide range of output power levels and load impedances with the capability of fast output power control (e.g., within a few microseconds). We review techniques for achieving fast output power control and evaluate their suitability in efficient rf systems demanding accurate and fast control of output power. Two dc-to-rf system architectures utilizing the discussed power control techniques are presented to illustrate both the achievable performance benefits as well as their robustness to load impedance variation, and are compared using time-domain simulations. The results indicate the ability of the proposed architectures to maintain high efficiency (> 90%) across a very wide range of output power levels (e.g., over a factor of up to 85x) while being robust to load impedance variations.
Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of synchronous renal mass and pancreatic mass: a review:

Objective:Synchronous renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and pancreatic tumors are rare clinical events and have been described scarcely in the literature. Our institution has recently encountered one case...
Dementia Prevention at the Population Level: Modifiable Risk Factors

Abstract A compelling and robust body of research suggests that modifiable risk factor reduction could substantially impact risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. The evidence is strongest for cardiovascular risk factors as well as lifestyle risk factors including both physical and cognitive activity while promising data is also emerging for sleep disorders and traumatic brain injury. Cumulatively, the data supports modifiable risk factor reduction at the population-based level, with increasing evidence for multi-domain interventions. Dr. Yaffe will discuss recent trends in dementia, the latest findings, and the public health implications of these strategies.
Hello Anthropocene, Goodbye Holocene

The debate about an Anthropocene Epoch that follows the Holocene Epoch is lively, extensive and contentious. Since its informal introduction about 15 years ago, some reject the need for a new epoch entirely, whereas others debate its exact start in the Geologic Timescale. This commentary argues that epoch status for both the Holocene and the Anthropocene is unjustified and that, instead, we should define a Pleistocene-Anthropocene epoch boundary.
The Maghrib and the Mediterranean in the Early Middle Ages

For some three thousand years the political, social, and economic relationships of the Maghrib have depended largely on the Mediterranean, on whether the sea was friendly or hostile, whether it mig...
Punishment: Comparative Politics of

The most striking development in twentieth-century penal politics was the emergence in the advanced democracies of the state that punishes as few and as little as it can. Convergence on policies of minimal punishment, as measured by the ratio of prisoners to robberies, occurred in spite of high unemployment, growing ethnic diversity and conflict, a drugs pandemic, and an average of sevenfold increase in serious crime. Convergence on leniency was paradoxical – given democratic competition, constant crime coverage in the media, and the persisting, even growing, crime-induced popularity of punishment among voters. The paradox is perhaps explained by such factors as Elias' civilizing process, penal sentimentalism, secularization, the welfare state, professionalism, and persisting elite control.
Turnover and exchange of ribosomal proteins from rat liver.

Abstract Rat liver ribosomes are not synthesized and degraded as functional units but are in a continual state of flux in which most protein constituents of the ribosome rapidly exchange with similar ribosomal proteins in the cytoplasm. This conclusion is based on two main types of evidence. 1. The relative degradation rates of ribosomal proteins are heterogeneous. The relative rates of degradation of ribosomal proteins were studied by a double isotope technique in which a single injection of [14C]leucine was administered to rats 5 days prior to [3H]leucine. As indicated by 3H:14C ratios of ribosomal proteins separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels, there is a marked heterogeneity of turnover of ribosomal proteins and a general correlation between relative degradation rates and the molecular size of the protein. This general relationship was also found for soluble proteins (Dehlinger, P. J., and Schimke, R. T. (1970) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 40, 1473). One possible explanation for this similarity is that protein constituents of ribosomes are degraded primarily as free cytoplasmic proteins. 2. Ribosomal proteins in the cytoplasm appear to be in equilibrium with the protein components of ribosomes since most protein constituents of ribosomes easily exchange in vitro with cytoplasmic proteins. This exchange was demonstrated by adding radioactive ribosomes to a nonradioactive supernatant fraction, or vice versa, and comparing the specific activity of the ribosomes before and after exchange. Two classes of exchangeable proteins can be identified. At least 70% of the ribosomal protein exchanges rapidly at 8°, while an additional 20% exchanges at 37°. The protein constituents of polysomes, monosomes, and subunits and both "split" and "core" proteins, prepared by washing ribosomes with 0.4 m KCl, are involved in the exchange process. The exchanged proteins have mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfateacrylamide gels which are similar to those for proteins originally present on ribosomes. Free ribosomal proteins may constitute as much as 17% of the total soluble protein, indicating that in the rat liver there are, on the average, 10 times as many ribosomal proteins in the soluble form as are constituents of ribosomes.
INCLUSION-BEARING CELLS IN THE URINE IN CERTAIN VIRAL INFECTIONS

An inclusion-bearing cell is described which appears in the urine of patients with measles, german measles, chickenpox, mumps and herpangina. The presence of the inclusion-bearing cells in large numbers in the urine is very characteristic of measles, but not pathognomonic of that illness or viral disease in general. The possibility that the inclusions represent the cytopathic effects of viral infection on cells derived from the blood or urinary tract stroma is discussed.
Hyperbaria: Breath‐hold Diving

The sections in this article are: 1 Professional Breath-Hold Divers 1.1 Brief History 1.2 Geographical Distribution 1.3 Equipment 1.4 Work Patterns 1.5 Diving Patterns 1.6 Energy Expenditure 2 Duration 2.1 Diving Time 2.2 Time Course of a Breath-Hold Dive 2.3 Breaking Point 3 Depth Limit 4 Alveolar Gas Exchange 5 Blood N2 and O2 Profile 5.1 Venous Blood N2 Tension During Repetitive Breath-Hold Diving 5.2 Arterial Blood O2 and CO2 Tensions During a Breath-Hold Dive 6 Danger of Hyperventilation 7 Diving Responses 7.1 Head-Out Water Immersion 7.2 Cardiovascular Responses 8 Adaptation 8.1 Lung Volume and Maximal Respiratory Pressure 8.2 CO2 Adaptation 8.3 Adaptation to Hypoxia 8.4 Other Adaptations
A decision support system for evaluating non-utility investment in electricity production

This paper describes C-STEM (Cogeneration and Storage Technology Evaluation Model), a menu-driven, macro-controlled Lotus 123 spreadsheet based model for evaluating the economics and load impacts of electricity production by the customers of an electric utility. The main purpose of the decision support system described is to evaluate one of the newest and most promising demand side management strategies: self-generation of electricity by customers that allows utilities to clip peaks and fill valleys in the loads that they would otherwise face. Economic benefits are possible by exploiting the difference in cost between electricity generated in peak and off-peak periods. We have incorporated a heuristic within the decision support system that obtains a near-optimal design of an electric-thermal storage system. >
The usefulness and limitations of the diabetic macaque model in evaluating long-term porcine islet xenograft survival.

: Background: Various groups have reported prolonged diabetes reversal and graft function after porcine islet transplantation into diabetic macaques using different experimental designs (macaque source, islet source, type of immunosuppression): subsequently, the International Xenotransplantation Association has published recommendations for entering a clinical trial. Our experiments showed limitations that affected consistent achievement of long-term survival. We aimed to identify these limitations and underlying causes to emphasize the translational value of this highly relevant type 1 diabetic macaque model. Methods: We reviewed data from our institution and literature data on long-term porcine islet xenograft survival in the diabetic macaque model, especially focusing on aspects of incomplete diabetes reversal relative to macaque normal values. This phenomenon was compared with diabetes reversal in an allo-islet transplant model in macaques and with chronic insulin treatment of diabetic macaques, all with 180-day follow-up. This comparison enabled to identify potential model limitations and underlying causative factors. Results: Especially in the xenograft model, the achievement of long-term graft survival revealed limitations including chronic, mild hyperglycemia and absence of body weight (BW) gain or even progressive BW loss. Metabolic incompatibilities in glycemic control (i.e., insulin kinetics) between the pig and macaque species underlie chronic, mild hyperglycemia. This phenomenon might not bear relevance for the pig-to-human species combination because the glycemic control in pigs and humans is similar and differs from that in nonhuman primates (NHP). Weight loss could be related to changes in the gastrointestinal tract related with local high exposure to orally administered immunosuppressants; these must be given at higher dose levels because of low bioavailability in macaques to achieve systemic exposure at therapeutic levels. This is aggravated by insufficient graft insulin production in proportion to the needs of macaques: this model limitation has no translational value to the pig-to-human setting. Nutritional deficits can result in incorrect interpretation of blood glucose levels and C-peptide levels regarding graft function. Likewise, nutritional status alters physiologic responses, influencing susceptibility to infectious and noninfectious complications. Conclusion: The model-induced confounding described interferes with accurate interpretation of safety and efficacy studies, which affects the translational value of pig-to-NHP islet cell transplant studies to the pig-to-human transplant condition.
Semiautomatic Pipetting Device (the Governor Pipet) for Clinical Chemistry Procedures

An economic semiautomatic pipet is described with its applications. The accuracy of this pipet falls within the tolerances established by the American Chemical Society Committee on Micro chemical Apparatus.
Intertwining query construction and relevance evaluation

Traditional information access systems generally assume that a well-articulated query exists, and that once an object is found, it can be readily understood. Although this assumption works for retrieving text objects, in more complex domains, such as retrieving software objects for reuse, queries must be incrementally constructed and support is needed for comprehending what is retrieved. Therefore, information access methods need support for query construction and relevance evaluation as an integral part of the location process. Two prototype systems are described for supporting this need: CODEFINDER for query construction and EXPLAINER for explanations of program examples. These systems interact to support the processes of locating and comprehending software objects for reuse.
Linear Homeomorphic Model for Human Movement

The parameter values for this model are specific to the human eye movement systems; however, the form of the model is applicable to other neurological motor control systems. The muscle length-tension diagram was modeled with an ideal spring. The muscle force-velocity relationship was linearized in a manner that produced a linear model. Initial parameter estimates were based on physiological data, human when possible. Then a function minimization program was used to fine tune model parameters. These parameter values were compared to the original physiological data to ensure that they were within the range of variability of the data. The antagonist dashpot value was selected to minimize the mean squared error between human and model responses; the value produced suggested a unique simplified representation for the original physiological data. The parameter estimation routine was applied to make the model match atypical human eye movements; these simulations suggested that glissades in normals are caused by pulsewidth, not pulse height errors.
Sputtering yield and atomic mixing calculation of 200 Å thick Cu film bombarded by 180 keV Ar ions

Abstract The atomic simulation code EVOLVE is used to calculate the fluence-dependent sputtering yield of a 200 A thick Cu film bombarded by 180 keV Ar atoms incident at 50° with respect to the target normal. The EVOLVE code has also simultaneously calculated the fluence-dependent compositional changes in the target which had bulk Al backing behind the Cu film. Comparison of the calculational results with the experimentally available Cu total sputtering yield and Al differential sputtering yield measurements shows good agreement.
Refugees, International Organizations, and National Identity: The Case of Palestine

Little has been written about the impact of The United Nations Relief and Work Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) on the reconstruction of Palestinian nationalism and identity in the refugee camps and beyond. UNRWA's socioeconomic services, however, played a key role in the reconstruction of Palestinian identity and nationalism. The creation of UNRWA in 1950 provided a huge bureaucracy that functioned as a quasi-state, bringing the Palestinian refugees under one umbrella. Although UNRWA's mission at the beginning was to help the refugees assimilate and integrate, the camps actually prevented them from integrating and promoted their identity as separate and distinct. As the research presented here shows, refugees began preserving their own culture and reinventing their old traditions, using oral history, narrative, and memories of the events of 1948 to reconstruct their identity and nationalism. The refugees' narratives were most commonly associated with the social-political realities o...
Still in Womb: Intrauterine Acoustic Embedded Active Noise Control for Infant Incubators

Excessive noise in neonatal care units and inside incubators can have a number of detrimental effects on an infant's health. We proposed a novel, audio-integrated approach to achieve active noise control (ANC) for infant incubators. We also presented the implementation of the robust, nonlinear filtered-X least mean M-estimate algorithm, for reducing impulsive interference in incubators. The healthcare application is further enhanced by integrating the “womb effect”, that is, by using intrauterine and maternal heart sounds, proven to be beneficial to infant health, for soothing the infant and masking the residual noise. A computer model for audio-integrated noise cancellation utilizing experimentally measured transfer functions is developed for simulations using real medical equipment noise. The simulation of the audio integrated ANC system produced optimal results and the system was further validated by real-time experiments to be robust and efficient.
Enthalpy of formation of forsterite, enstatite, akermanite, monticellite and merwinite at 1073 K determined by alkali borate solution calorimetry

Abstract Enthalpies of solution of synthetic enstatite (Mg2Si2O6), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7), monticellite (CaMgSiO4), and merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8) and their component oxides were determined in eutectic (Li, Na)BO2 at 1073 K. Resulting enthalpies of formation at 1073 are enstatite: −8.10 ± 0.42 kcal ; forsterite: −14.23 ± 0.45 kcal ; akermanite: −42.60 ± 0.39 kcal ; monticellite: −25.05 ± 0.41 kcal ; and merwinite: −51.10 ± 0.49 kcal . The value for the synthetic monticellite of composition Mo.965Fo.035 was corrected slightly for non-stoichiometry based on experimental monticellite-forsterite phase equilibrium relations. The enthalpies of formation of enstatite and forsterite are somewhat less negative than yielded by several other solution calorimetric studies but are in good agreement with the recent Pb2B2O5 solution calorimetry of Kiseleva et al. (1979), and are in good agreement with values to be derived from reliable phase equilibrium data in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. The enthalpies of formation of akermanite, monticellite and merwinite are all much less negative than values tabulated by robie et al. (1978) and helgeson et al. (1978) but are shown to be compatible with reliable phase equilibrium data for the system CaO-MgO-SiO2, whereas the tabulated values are not. Several methods of analysis yield an entropy of monticellite at 1000 K of 69.9 ± 0.2 cal/K .
Spectroscopy and relaxation dynamics of metastable electronically excited states of iodine in rare gas matrices

Abstract The spectroscopy and relaxation dynamics of I 2 isolated in solid rare gas (Rg) matrices have been studied using laser excitation and wavelength resolved fluorescence techniques. 193 nm excitation produced the D′ 3 Π(2 g )-A′ 3 Π(2 u ) spectrum from I 2 :Ar and a broad emission feature centered at 423 nm from I 2 :Kr. Both visible and UV excitation of dilute I 2 :Rg matrices produced the A 3 Π(1 u )-X 1 Σ(0 g + ) and A′-X emission systems. A state lifetimes of 143±10, 102±10, and 71±10 μs were observed in Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices, respectively. The fluorescence decay characteristics of I 2 (A′) were dependent on the excitation wavelength used. I 2 :Ar (1:2500) matrices yielded A′ state lifetimes of 6±1 and 53±3 ms for 193 and 532 nm excitation, respectively. The difference in lifetimes reflected the relaxation dynamics of different initial state distributions. 193 nm excitation populated I 2 (A′ ) on a fast time scale ( 3 Π(0 u + ) state predissociation. The long I 2 (A′) decay time resulted from slow excitation by energy transfer from metastable electronically excited states. Sequential two-photon excitation measurements supported this interpretation by demonstrating the presence of I 2 molecules in metastable states other than A and A′. Concentration dependences of the A′ state fluorescence decays were observed. These were attributed to perturbation facilitated energy transfer processes.
The medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices differentially regulate dopamine system function

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is essential for top-down control over higher-order executive function. In this study we demonstrate that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) differentially regulate VTA dopamine neuron activity, and furthermore, the pattern of activity in the PFC drastically alters the dopamine neuron response. Thus, although single-pulse activation of the mPFC either excites or inhibits equivalent numbers of dopamine neurons, activation of the OFC induces a primarily inhibitory response. Moreover, activation of the PFC with a pattern that mimics spontaneous burst firing of pyramidal neurons produces a strikingly different response. Specifically, burst-like activation of the mPFC induces a massive increase in dopamine neuron firing, whereas a similar pattern of OFC activation largely inhibits dopamine activity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the mPFC and OFC differentially regulate dopamine neuron activity, and that the pattern of cortical activation is critical for determining dopamine system output.
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic radical prostatectomy: initial perioperative and pathologic results

OBJECTIVE To describe the first clinical experience, pathologic, and perioperative outcomes of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) radical prostatectomy. NOTES represents the evolution of minimally invasive surgery. The conceptual feasibility has been shown in careful laboratory and animal studies, but a scarcity of information regarding clinical applications exists. METHODS After institutional review board approval, 2 patients agreed to undergo NOTES radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. The prostate was radically resected using a 26F resectoscope, 550m laser fiber, and holmium laser. The prostate was delivered into the bladder and removed at the conclusion of the procedure through a suprapubic cystotomy for histopathologic analysis. The vesicourethral anastomosis was completed using a cannula scope, urethral-vesical suturing device, and titanium knot applier. Cystograms were taken immediately postoperatively and at catheter removal. RESULTS Both patients tolerated the procedure without operative complications. All intraoperative cystograms showed watertight anastomoses. The pathologic examination revealed Gleason score 3 3 and Stage pT2aNxMx for 1 patient and Gleason score 3 4 and Stage pT2cNxMx for 1 patient, with negative margins for both. No blood transfusions were required. Patient 2 experienced some left-sided gluteal and suprapubic pain postoperatively. ONCLUSION NOTES radical prostatectomy appears to be a safe and feasible option for the management of carefully selected, organ-confined prostate cancer. The perioperative and pathologic outcomes show promise with this new technique; however, the high standards of oncologic and functional outcomes demand close and longer follow-up before adoption into the surgical armamentarium can be recommended. UROLOGY 78: 1211–1218, 2011. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
Digital Images in United States and Canadian Dental Education: The Role of Delivery Medium and Metadata

This is the first of two papers that will describe the outcome of a needs assessment that focused on the image-related needs of dental faculty members and clinicians. The needs assessment was conducted in 2005 at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine. It addressed two specific goals: to begin examining whether online delivery of digitized dental images would match the needs of dental faculty members and clinicians, and to begin examining what type of image metadata would best match the needs of those faculty members and clinicians.
Induction of cysteine and serine proteases during xylogenesis in Zinnia elegans

The terminal process of xylogenesis, autolysis, is essential for the formation of a tubular system for conduction of water and solutes throughout the whole plant. Several hydrolase types are implicated in autolysis responsible for the breakdown of cytoplasm. Here, we characterize p48h-17 cDNA from in vitro tracheary elements (TEs) of Zinnia elegans which encodes a preproprotein similar to papain. The putative mature protein, a cysteine protease, has a molecular mass of 22,699 Da with a pI of 5.7. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that p48h-17 is likely encoded by one or two genes. The p48h-17 mRNA accumulated markedly in in vitro differentiating TEs, whereas it appeared not to be induced in response to senescence and wounding in the leaves or H2O2 challenge in the cultured mesophyll cells. In stems, the expression of the p48h-17 gene was preferentially associated with differentiating xylem. Activity gel assays demonstrated that a cysteine and a serine protease, which had apparent molecular masses of 20 kDa and 60 kDa, respectively, were markedly induced during in vitro TE differentiation. The cysteine protease activity was also preferentially present in the xylem of Zinnia stems. Transient expression of the p48h-17 cDNA in tobacco protoplasts resulted in the production of a 20 kDa cysteine protease. Taken together, the results indicate that the p48h-17 gene appears to be preferentially associated with xylogenesis, and both the cysteine and serine proteases might be involved in autolysis during xylogenesis.
Media, Memory and the First World War

Media, Memory and the First World War DAVID WILLIAMS, Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press 2009 321 pp., £35.00 (cloth) David Williams Media, Memory and the First World War is published in McG...
Phosphate Functionalized Graphene with Tunable Mechanical Properties

The synthesis of a covalently modified graphene oxide derivative with exceptional and tunable compressive strength is reported. Treatment of graphene oxide with triethyl phosphite in the presence of LiBr produces monolithic structures comprised of lithium phosphate oligomers tethered to graphene through covalent phosphonate linkages. Variation of the both phosphate content and associated cation produces materials of various compressive strengths and elasticity.
Gas-Phase Inorganic Chemistry: Monovalent Derivatives of Calcium and Strontium

The chemistry and spectroscopy of monovalent derivatives of calcium and strontium are described. Laser-driven chemical reactions of calcium and strontium vapors with a variety of small molecules have provided many new free radicals. In general, these species are analogous to the stable molecules obtained in traditional inorganic or organometallic chemistry, but some new families of molecules have been discovered.
Predictors of late cardiac events following treatment with Sr-90 β-irradiation for instent restenosis

Abstract Background: Intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) with Sr-90 using the Novoste Beta-Cath system has been shown to be an effective therapy for instent restenosis (ISR), but the temporal occurrence of cardiac events and the predictors of late complications require further investigation. Methods: We analyzed the demographics, lesion characteristics and clinical outcomes of 138 consecutive patients with ISR treated with IRT from September 1998 to March 2002. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as death, myocardial infarction (MI) or target vessel revascularization (TVR). Characteristics of early (≤8 months) and late (>8 months) failures were analyzed. Results: Thirty-two (23.1%) of 138 patients had MACE on follow-up; 25% (8/32) of failures occurred late after treatment with IRT. A comparison of the clinical and angiographic profile of early and late failures using univariate analysis indicates no correlations to late failure following IRT. Duration to failure after IRT was 14.25±3.69 months in the late group compared to 4.63±2.86 months in the early group ( P Conclusions: Late MACE after IRT with Sr-90 for ISR occur beyond the traditional period for clinical restenosis in 25% of cases and are difficult to predict. Further study is warranted to identify patients at risk for the development of late complications after IRT.
Process studies in language conditioning—II: The role of semantic relevance in conditioning negative emotional responses

Abstract Continuing an earlier inquiry into the nature of language conditioning, undergraduate students were assigned to one of six groups in a 3 x 2 factorial design in which type of UCS (neutral, negative related, negative unrelated) and imagery were manipulated and the effects on attitude towards chocolate and jelly beans before and after conditioning were examined. Conditioning involved pairing the word “chocolate” with the appropriate group of UCS words. The two groups of negative words were equally negative but were either related to the concept of chocolate (e.g. pimples) or unrelated (e.g. fever). The results revealed no effect due to imagery ability, but a significant change in attitude towards chocolate in the group conditioned with related negative words. The results indicate the importance of semantic relevance in the conditioning of negative emotional responses on the basis of UCS words that evoke these responses.
Inhibition of DNA synthesis in synchronized Chinese hamster cells treated in G1 or early S phase with cycloheximide or puromycin.

Abstract The delay in initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis after treatments during G 1 and early S with cycloheximide (CHM, 5 μg/ml) or puromycin (PUR, 50 μg/ml), inhibitors of protein synthesis, has been studied in synchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells. Although protein synthesis is inhibited by more than 95% within 10 or 30 min after administering CHM or PUR, respectively, cells located in early S can synthesize DNA (incorporate 3HTdR) at a greatly reduced rate, and cells located in G1 within 55 min of S can initiate DNA synthesis during the 6-h treatment period. When the treatment is terminated, RNA and protein synthesis resume almost immediately, but the normal rate of DNA synthesis in cells located in early S phase is achieved only after RNA and protein synthesis have continued for about 3-h. This 3-h delay also is observed for the initiation of DNA synthesis in cells trapped in late G1 prior to a marker located 55 min before S. These results considered with our previous studies suggest that, in addition to the requirement for concomitant histone synthesis, there are labile factors, probably specific proteins, having a mean life of 2–3 h which are necessary (1) for the continuation of DNA synthesis at the normal rate; (2) for the progression of G1 cells into S if they are located more than 55 min prior to S.
Quark and lepton couplings in the weak interactions

We present a comprehensive study of the weak neutral-current interactions of $u$ and $d$ quarks and of the electron. A model-independent analysis using data from deep-inelastic, inclusive-pion, elastic, and exclusive-pion neutrino processes provides a unique determination of the $u$- and $d$-quark couplings. For electron couplings, neutrino-electron-scattering, atomic-parity-violation, and new polarized-electron-scattering data are discussed. With the assumption of a single ${Z}^{0}$ boson, we show that the electron couplings are almost uniquely determined. The predictions of the Weinberg-Salam model (for ${{sin}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}=0.20\ensuremath{-}0.30$) are in remarkably good agreement with our results.
Soap Operas for Social Change: Toward a Methodology for Entertainment-Education Television

Foreword Preface Introduction Formulation of the Entertainment-Education Strategy for Development Communiation in Mexico Theoretical Components of Entertainment-Education Soap Operas Assembling an Entertainment-Education Soap Opera Based on Formative Evaluation Research Summative Evaluation Research: Testing Hypotheses and Measuring the Effects of Entertainment-Education Soap Operas in Mexico Building upon Mexico's Experience with Entertainment-Education Soap Operas, Summary and Conclusions References Index
STAGED CLOSURE OF THE PELVIS IN CLOACAL EXSTROPHY: FIRST DESCRIPTION OF A NEW APPROACH

AbstractPurpose: We describe a staged approach for pelvic closure in patients with cloacal exstrophy, and evaluate the technique for functional and cosmetic results.Materials and Methods: Staged closure of the pelvis was performed in 5 patients 12 months to 14 years old with cloacal exstrophy at our institution, including some referred with a history of failed closure. The technique involves initial pelvic osteotomy followed by soft tissue and pelvic ring closure 2 to 3 weeks later. Clinical information is reviewed to assess the effectiveness of the technique.Results: At a mean followup of 3.2 years (range 1 to 9) closure was successful in all 5 patients without technical problems or surgical complications, and with excellent functional and cosmetic results.Conclusions: This technique of staged pelvic closure may provide reliable initial or secondary repair in patients with cloacal exstrophy in whom 1-stage pelvic closure is unfeasible even with pelvic osteotomy.
Flow in vivo of glucose carbon to brain protein in rats: effect of starvation.

—The conversion of plasma glucose into brain proteins in vivo was measured in rats after various periods of food deprivation. Rates of flow of glucose carbon into both soluble and insoluble brain proteins were calculated from the curve representing the decrease of plasma [14C]-glucose specific activity with time, and from the specific activity of brain protein 180 min after intravenous injection of a tracer dose of d-[14C]-glucose. Compared to the post-absorptive rats, food deprivation for 72 h caused a 30 per cent reduction in the rate of flow of glucose carbon into soluble brain proteins but did not affect the flow into insoluble proteins. Results of experiments in which the soluble brain proteins were separated by isoelectric focusing suggest that prolonged fasting in adult rats causes substantial differences in the conversion of glucose to different proteins.