cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of venous thromboembolism using clinical and serum biomarker data from a military cohort of trauma patients

Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication of trauma associated with high mortality and morbidity. Clinicians lack appropriate tools for stratifying trauma patients for VTE, thus have yet to be able to predict when to intervene. We aimed to compare random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR) predictive modelling for VTE using (1) clinical measures alone, (2) serum biomarkers alone and (3) clinical measures plus serum biomarkers. Methods Data were collected from 73 military casualties with at least one extremity wound and prospectively enrolled in an observational study between 2007 and 2012. Clinical and serum cytokine data were collected. Modelling was performed with RF and LR based on the presence or absence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). For comparison, LR was also performed on the final variables from the RF model. Sensitivity/specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were reported. Results Of the 73 patients (median Injury Severity Score=16), nine (12.3%) developed VTE, four (5.5%) with DVT, four (5.5%) with PE, and one (1.4%) with both DVT and PE. In all sets of predictive models, RF outperformed LR. The best RF model generated with clinical and serum biomarkers included five variables (interleukin-15, monokine induced by gamma, vascular endothelial growth factor, total blood products at resuscitation and presence of soft tissue injury) and had an AUC of 0.946, sensitivity of 0.992 and specificity of 0.838. Conclusions VTE may be predicted by clinical and molecular biomarkers in trauma patients. This will allow the development of clinical decision support tools which can help inform the management of high-risk patients for VTE.
Disentangling Modernity in Ghana: The Cosmopolitan Chief

Elements of modernity have proven to be entangled in Ghanaian social and political life to the extent that it is considered a functioning democracy today. Yet the institution of chieftaincy, rooted in precolonial culture, also serves as a source of leadership in contemporary Ghana. This situation is best understood with the concept of pluralism. A close investigation of the forces that converged at Ghanaian independence and of the career of Otuo Siriboe II, a contemporary paramount chief, reveals the strength of institutional pluralism in Ghana and a configuration of leadership based on plural identities, a contrast to the model of leadership represented by the philosopher-kings who shaped Africa at independence with concepts of modernity.
Nanometer-Thick Films of Aligned ZnO Nanowires Sensitized with Au Nanoparticles for Few-ppb-Level Acetylene Detection

Wireless devices for environmental and health monitoring require the development of stable and highly sensitive thin metal oxide gas-sensing films. This paper reports one-step Langmuir–Blodgett ass...
Rhabdomyolysis as the Initial Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 in an Adolescent

The novel coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has created a global pandemic, with many cases affecting the elderly. However, children have been affected as well, with ∼2.4% to 3.7% of cases reported. This case is the first published case of an adolescent presenting with rhabdomyolysis as the first sign of novel coronavirus disease 2019, with extremely elevated creatinine kinase levels, approaching almost 400 000 U/L. This case adds to the growing body of literature of a variety of life-threatening manifestations associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and highlights the importance of how prompt recognition of these unique presentations of the disease is important to mitigate complications.
The Aging Cochlea and Auditory Nerve

This chapter applies a comparative approach to understanding of age-related hearing loss, or presbycusis. Research in animals reveals all forms of presbycusis described by Schuknecht and points to underlying mechanisms for further study in humans. While most humans and animals exhibit mixed pathology, testing a variety of animal models can help establish cause-and-effect, as well as which pathologies tend to coincide, and why. Small rodent models have life spans of 3 years or less, facilitating the study of age-associated pathology in a compressed timeframe. Some inbred varieties carry progressive hearing loss alleles that “accelerate” aging, although this approach has limitations. Most animal models resemble sensory presbycusis, showing exaggerated high-frequency hearing loss and outer hair cell loss. Some of the underlying genes and gene types, gleaned mostly from mouse models, overlap with suggested human risk genes. Gerbils and some inbred mouse strains exhibit strial presbycusis, which has proven particularly difficult to diagnose clinically. These models confirm and extend key principles from human research, although no “pro-strial presbycusis genes” have been identified. Although essentially all humans and animals lose cochlear afferent synapses and neuronal somata with age, only a subset of cases and models qualify for a label of neural presbycusis (>50% neural soma loss with minimum hair cell loss). Recent animal studies suggest that mild noise exposure can produce neural presbycusis-like pathology, but this has not yet been proven to occur in humans. Human and animal work indicates that aging-as-cumulative injury can account for many observations in presbycusis. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors are also considered.
Raising entrepreneurs: can parenting style amplify entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours?

For years, family business researchers have argued that many areas of entrepreneurship research have unnaturally separated the social institutions of family and business, calling for more exploration of the pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship. Recent research has started to explore these effects within a family business context, but scholars still do not know much about how other family environments influence entrepreneurship. Using a family systems theoretical perspective, this conceptual paper addresses how developmental aspects of parenting and family environments, both inside and outside a family business context, contribute to the expression of entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours in adulthood. The most theoretically novel aspects of this paper focus on how family business contexts amplify links between entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours.
Avoidance of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by the Stealth Pathogen, Coxiella burnetii:

Coxiella burnetii, a highly adapted obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen and the cause of the zoonosis Q fever, is a reemerging public health threat. C. burnetii employs a Type IV secretion system (T4SS) to establish and maintain its intracellular niche and modulate host immune responses including the inhibition of apoptosis. Interactions between C. burnetii and caspase-1-mediated inflammasomes are not fully elucidated. This study confirms that C. burnetii does not activate caspase-1 during infection of mouse macrophages in vitro. C. burnetii-infected cells did not develop NLRP3 and ASC foci indicating its ability to avoid cytosolic detection. C. burnetii is unable to inhibit the pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion that is induced by potent inflammasome stimuli but rather enhances these caspase-1-mediated effects. We found that C. burnetii upregulates pro-IL-1β and robustly primes NLRP3 inflammasomes via TLR2 and MyD88 signaling. As for wildtype C. burnetii, T4SS-deficient mutants primed and potentiated NLRP3 inflammasomes. An in vivo model of pulmonary infection in C57BL/6 mice was developed. Mice deficient in NLRP3 or caspase-1 were like wildtype mice in the development and resolution of splenomegaly due to red pulp hyperplasia, and histologic lesions and macrophage kinetics, but had slightly higher pulmonary bacterial burdens at the greatest measured time point. Together these findings indicate that C. burnetii primes but avoids cytosolic detection by NLRP3 inflammasomes, which are not required for the clinical resistance of C57BL/6 mice. Determining mechanisms employed by C. burnetii to avoid cytosolic detection via NLRP3 inflammasomes will be beneficial to the development of preventative and interventional therapies for Q fever.
Technical Note: Single-pulse beam characterization for FLASH-RT using optical imaging in a water tank

Purpose High dose-rate conditions, coupled with problems related to small field dosimetry, make dose characterization for FLASH-RT challenging. Most conventional dosimeters show significant dependence on dose rate at ultra-high dose rate conditions or fail to provide sufficiently fast temporal data for pulse to pulse dosimetry. Here fast 2D imaging of radioluminescence from a water and quinine phantom was tested for dosimetry of individual 4 μs linac pulses. Methods A modified clinical linac delivered an electron FLASH beam of >50 Gy/s to clinical isocenter. This modification removed the X-ray target and flattening filter, leading to a beam that was symmetric and gaussian, as verified with GafChromic EBT-XD film. Lateral projected 2D dose distributions for each linac pulse were imaged in a quinine-doped water tank using a gated intensified camera, and an inverse Abel transform reconstruction provided 3D images for on-axis depth dose values. A total of 20 pulses were delivered with a 10 MeV, 1.5 cm circular beam and beam with jaws wide open (40 × 40 cm2 ), and a 3D dose distribution was recovered for each pulse. Beam output was analyzed on a pulse by pulse basis. Results The Rp , Dmax and the R50 measured with film and optical methods agreed to within 1 mm for the 1.5 cm circular beam and the beam with jaws wide open. Cross beam profiles for both beams agreed with film data with > 95 % passing rate (2%/2mm gamma criteria). The optical central axis depth dose agreed with film data, except for near the surface. A temporal pulse analysis revealed a ramp-up period where the dose per pulse increased for the first few pulses and then stabilized. Conclusions Optical imaging of radioluminescence was presented as a valuable tool for establishing a baseline for the recently initiated electron FLASH beam at our institution.
Putting the Microenvironment into the Immunotherapy Companion Diagnostic.

A post-hoc analysis in advanced gastric cancer showed stronger association of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) with immunotherapy efficacy measured by Combined Positive Score (CPS) compared with Tumor Cells (TC%). This finding suggests expression in immune cells in the tumor microenvironment increases the value of the companion diagnostic test.
Cold-stored platelets have better preserved contractile function in comparison with room temperature-stored platelets over 21 days.

Although it is well established that transfusion of platelets in cases of severe bleeding reduces mortality, the availability of platelets is hampered by harsh restrictions on shelf life due to elevated risks of microbial contamination and functional losses with room temperature-stored platelets (RTP) kept at 22°C. In contrast, many recent studies have shown that 4°C cold-stored platelets (CSP) are able to overcome these shortcomings leading to the recent Food and Drug Administration licensure for 14-day stored CSP when conventional platelets are unavailable. This work expands the evidence supporting superiority of CSP function by assaying the less explored platelet-mediated clot retraction of RTP and CSP in either autologous plasma (AP) or platelet additive solution (PAS) for up to 21 days. The results demonstrate that CSP have better preservation of contractile function, exhibiting retraction for up to 21 days in both AP and PAS and forming highly ordered fibrin scaffolds similar to those of fresh platelets. In contrast, RTP stored in AP showed impaired contractile function by Day 5 with no retraction after 10 days, whereas PAS-stored RTP retained contractile function for up to 21 days. Collectively, these findings support extended storage of CSP and suggest that storage in PAS can mitigate functional losses in RTP.
Emergent substance

In this paper, I develop an ontological position according to which substances such as you and I have no substantial parts. The claim is not that we are immaterial souls. Nor is the claim that we are “human atoms” co-located with human organisms. It is, rather, that we are macrophysical objects that are, in the relevant sense, simple. I contend that despite initial appearances, this claim is not obviously false, and I defend it by showing how much work it can do.
An Overview of Amish Mortalities at a Level I Trauma Center.

BackgroundThe Amish population is a unique subset of patients that may require a specialized approach due to their lifestyle differences compared to the general population. With this reasoning, Ami...
Central nervous system side effects are less important after iv regional anesthesia with ropivacaine 0.2% compared to lidocaine 0.5% in volunteers.

Purpose: Following release of a double tourniquet for intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA), ropivacaine was shown to have a longer duration of action and less central nervous system (CNS) side effects than lidocaine. This study examines the correlation of CNS side effects to plasma levels of lidocaine 0.5% and ropivacaine 0.2% when injected intravenously for IVRA. Methods: In a double-blind, cross-over study, ten volunteers received IVRA with 40 mL ropivacaine 0.2% or lidocaine 0.5% at least four days apart. Both cuffs of a double-cuff tourniquet remained inflated until they could no longer be tolerated. The incidence, duration and intensity of CNS side effects were recorded at three, ten, and 30 min after tourniquet release and correlated with simultaneous venous blood samples. Results: There was a lower incidence of CNS side effects with ropivacaine (6/10 volunteers) when compared to lidocaine (10/10 volunteers). There was also less duration of these side effects (mean ± SD, 5.1 ± 5.2 min vs 11.7 ± 6.7 min). Measured total plasma levels were highest at ten minutes with ropivacaine 0.2% (1.2 ± 0.3 µg·mL –1 ) and at three minutes with lidocaine 0.5% (1.7 ± 0.6 µg·mL –1 ). Peak CNS symptoms correlated with measured venous plasma levels for lidocaine, but occurred earlier with ropivacaine. Conclusions: We observed a lower incidence of CNS side effects with ropivacaine as compared to lidocaine. Although ropivacaine’s greater lipid solubility should, theoretically, lead to more CNS side effects, this was, likely, offset by slower release from tissues and lesser percentage of unbound (free) drug. Objecti f: Utilisee apres le relâchement d’un double garrot pour l’anesthesie regionale intravaineuse (ARIV), la ropivacaine semble demontrer une action prolongee et moins d’effets secondaires centraux que la lidocaine. La presente etude voulait verifier la correlation entre les effets secondaires sur le SNC et les niveaux plasmatiques de lidocaine a 0,5 % et de ropivacaine a 0,2 % administrees par voie iv pour l’ARIV. Method e: Dix sujets volontaires ont participe a l’etude a double insu avec permutation et ont recu une ARIV avec 40 mL de ropivacaine a 0,2 % ou de lidocaine a 0,5 % a quatre jours d’intervalle au moins. Les deux manchons d’un garrot a double ballonnets sont demeures gonfles jusqu’a ce qu’ils ne soient plus toleres. L’incidence, la duree et l’intensite des effets secondaires sur le SNC ont ete enregistrees a trois, dix et 30 min apres le relâchement du garrot et mises en correlation avec des echantillons de sang veineux preleves simultane
Local Motors: Designed by the Crowd, Built by the Customer

In the wake of the meltdown among US auto manufacturers in 2009, Jay Rogers - CEO of Local Motors - has a new approach for the automotive industry: Decide which models are produced through online design competitions, and then allow customers to "build their own cars" from the winning designs. The case focuses on two key issues: Can Local Motors build a thriving online design community at a reasonable cost? And can customers be convinced to add their own sweat and labor to the manufacturing process? The case is written from the perspective of a start-up company seeking funding while trying to implement a novel business concept.Learning Objective:This case highlights the promises and pitfalls of two increasingly common marketing tactics. First, the case explores the concept of involving consumers and communities in the design of one's products - inviting a broader discussion of similar initiatives such as open-source collaborative efforts. Second, the case examines the impact of involving customers in the manufacturing of one's products - again part of a broader conversation about the increased push towards allowing consumers to customize product offerings.
Cosmic Rays and a Stable Hydrostatic Equilibrium of the Galaxy

It is argued that the stellar, gaseous, magnetic-field, and cosmic-ray components in the Galaxy may currently be in a large-scale hydrostatic equilibrium that is stable against Parker type instabilities. Equilibrium configurations considered in the past were found to be unstable as a consequence of simplifying assumptions, which are inconsistent with recent observations.
The FTC and the New Paternalism

During the past decade, we have witnessed a renaissance of paternalism in legal scholarship fueled by the rise of behavioral law and economics ("BLE"). This paper addresses the potential impact of BLE and the "new paternalism" on the Federal Trade Commission's consumer protection mission. After providing a survey of some of the basic teachings of BLE, the paper reviews the fascinating political and legal history of the FTC's unfairness authority to show how a major political battle helped to transform the legal concept of unfairness from a market morality norm into a law and economics concept grounded in the concept of consumer sovereignty. The latter parts of the paper use three examples - mail-in consumer rebates, inducement of supermarket impulse purchases, and payday lending - to explore the challenges that the FTC faces if it decides to press unfairness claims based on alleged behavioral exploitation. These tasks include weighing uncertain costs and benefits of business practices, determining what harms are "reasonably avoidable" in cases of purported consumer irrationality, and elaborating a principle to mediate disputes between consumers' multiple selves. Given these empirical and normative challenges, and the FTC's unfairness history, one might expect the Commission to be cautious in its use of BLE and resistant to more radical strains of the new paternalism.
l-ALANINE DEHYDROGENASE: A MECHANISM CONTROLLING THE SPECIFICITY OF AMINO ACID-INDUCED GERMINATION OF BACILLUS CEREUS SPORES

O'Connor, R. J. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and Harlyn O. Halvorson. L-Alanine dehydrogenase: A mechanism controlling the specificity of amino acid-induced germination of Bacillus cereus spores. J. Bacteriol. 82:706-713. 1961.-A study has been undertaken of the properties and specificity of germination of spores of Bacillus cereus strain T. In the absence of additional carbon sources, only l-alanine, l-alpha-NH(2)-n-butyric acid, and l-cysteine were effective germinating agents. The physical properties of germination, induced by l-alanine and l-alpha-NH(2)-n-butyric acid following extended heat shock, were in close agreement with those of l-alanine dehydrogenase. The specificity of the germination system, as well as amino acid deamination in vivo, support the view that l-alanine dehydrogenase activity is essential for germination and that the enzyme serves as the initial binding site for l-alanine in heat-shocked spores.
Quantifying the effect of spatially varying factors of resistance to radiation therapy in primary brain tumors: predictions from a patient-specific model

Radiation induces cell death primarily by damaging the cell’s DNA. Cells undergoing mitosis are more susceptible to radiation-induced DNA damage and therefore have a higher probability of cell death, per area per unit dose. Due to the high proliferation rate of cancer cells relative to the normal surrounding tissue, radiation is often used as a treatment for cancer. Unfortunately, a byproduct of tumor growth is the production of factors which reduce the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT). The most widely characterized mechanism of resistance to RT is reduced oxygen in the tissue, known as hypoxia, which is created when the tumor outgrows the local blood supply. Hypoxia is known to vary within the tumor in space and in time, and may even be a byproduct of treatment. Tumor growth also produces local regions of necrosis and increased interstitial pressure which results in a spatially varying radiation effect, measured in part by the number of cells exposed per unit dose per cell cycle. Hypoxia, cell density, proliferation rate, and an intrinsic sensitivity to radiation are all independently recognized as factors which influence the impact of radiation as a cancer therapy. However, the spatial-temporal interplay of these factors vary within tumors and between patients, which creates a challenging clinical problem. I will present models of radiation-induced DNA damage and repair and tumor response to radiation therapy that are parameterized on a patient-specific basis that provide predictions of the spatial distribution of these resistance factors and their quantitative role in determining response to radiation therapy that can be tested with clinical data. I will focus on patient-specific understanding of the interplay of these factors for an aggressive and spatially heterogeneous form of a primary brain tumor known as glioblastoma.
Application of a coulometric oxygen sensor to the determination of hemoglobin-oxygen binding isotherms

Abstract In this report we describe the employment of a coulometric oxygen sensor for the measurement of hemoglobin-oxygen binding isotherms. The method is uniquely suited to the study of oxygen binding in highly concentrated solutions of hemoglobin. The sensor is absolute in that the oxygen in a given solution of hemoglobin is removed from the protein and measured in the gaseous form by reduction at a yield close to the maximum allowed by Faraday's law.
Elbow arthroscopy in the pediatric and adolescent population

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to show the diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of elbow arthroscopy in athletically active pediatric patients. We describe our techniques for elbow arthroscopy in young patients. Type of Study: Case series of 47 patients. Methods: We reviewed 49 cases of elbow arthroscopies performed in 47 pediatric and adolescent patients retrospectively over a 16-year period. Charts were reviewed to identify the age of patients at the time of surgery, side involved, hand dominance, diagnosis, complications, the primary sport involved, and the average volume of loose bodies if surgical removal was performed. Each patient was contacted after a minimum of 2 years after surgery and a modified Andrews elbow scoring system was used to rate elbow function. Results: The average age of this group was 14.0 years (range, 3.5 to 17.0 years) with an average follow-up of 4.7 years. Elbow arthroscopy was performed for osteochondritis dissecans (58%), arthrofibrosis and joint contracture (20%), synovitis (10%), acute trauma (10%), and posterior olecranon impingement syndrome (5%). Based on a modified Andrews elbow scoring system, 85% of patients had good or excellent result with 90% of the children returning to sports without limitation. No patient experienced nerve injury, infection, or loss of elbow motion as a postoperative complication. Conclusions: This series shows that elbow arthroscopy has a safe and effective role in the treatment of selective elbow pathologies in the pediatric and adolescent population when performed by experienced small joint arthroscopists. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 17, No 7 (September), 2001: pp 694–699
Simplified Live Load Distribution Factor Equation for Steel Girder Bridges

The "S-over" equation for load distribution factor (LDF) was first introduced in the 1930s in the AASHTO standard. Finite element studies, however, have shown it to be unsafe in some cases and too conservative in others. AASHTO LRFD 1994 introduced a new LDF equation as a result of the NCHRP12-26 project. The equation is based on parametric studies and finite element analyses. It is considered to be a good representation of bridge behavior. However, it involves a longitudinal stiffness parameter that is not initially known in design and thus requires an iterative procedure to correctly determine the LDF value. The need for an iterative design procedure is perceived by practicing engineers as the major impediment to wide acceptance of the AASHTO LRFD equation. A new, simplified equation that is based on the AASHTO LRFD formula but does not require an iterative procedure is developed. Fortythree Indiana bridges were selected and analyzed with a sophisticated finite element model. The new, simplified equatio...
Decellularized ECM effects on human mesenchymal stem cell stemness and differentiation.

Abstract Microenvironment extracellular matrices (ECMs) influence cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The ECMs of different microenvironments have distinctive compositions and architectures. This investigation addresses effects ECMs deposited by a variety of cell types and decellularized with a cold-EDTA protocol have on multipotent human mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (hMSC) behavior and differentiation. The cold-EDTA protocol removes intact cells from ECM, with minimal ECM damage and contamination. The decellularized ECMs deposited by cultured hMSCs, osteogenic hMSCs, and two smooth muscle cell (SMC) lines were tested for distinctive effects on the behavior and differentiation of early passage (‘naive’) hMSC plated and cultured on the decellularized ECMs. Uninduced hMSC decellularized ECM enhanced naive hMSC proliferation and cell motility while maintaining stemness. Decellularized ECM deposited by osteogenic hMSCs early in the differentiation process stimulated naive hMSCs osteogenesis and substrate biomineralization in the absence of added dexamethasone, but this osteogenic induction potential was lower in ECMs decellularized later in the osteogenic hMSC differentiation process. Decellularized ECMs deposited by two smooth muscle cell lines induced naive hMSCs to become smooth muscle cell-like with distinctive phenotypic characteristics of contractile and synthetic smooth muscle cells. This investigation demonstrates a useful approach for obtaining functional cell-deposited ECM and highlights the importance of ECM specificity in influencing stem cell behavior.
Complete replacement of soybean meal in pig diets with hydrolyzed feather meal with blood by amino acid supplementation based on standardized lleal amino acid digestibility

The current study was conducted to determine the possibility of replacing soybean meal (SBM) in finisher pig diet completely with hydrolyzed feather meal (FM) with blood by supplementing with appropriate amino acids (AA) based on standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA in FM. Corn– SBM, positive control (POS) diets were formulated to contain 6.6 and 5.2 g true ileal digestible (TID) Lys/kg to satisfy the requirements during the finisher-1 and finisher-2 phases, respectively. Corn–FM negative control (NEG) diets were formulated to be iso-N and iso-caloric to the POS diets. The NEG diets were supplemented with Lys and Trp to alleviate AA deficiencies based on TID AA values in FM reported by the NRC in 1998 (NRC). In addition, the NEG diets were supplemented with Lys and Trp to alleviate AA deficiencies based on the determined SID AA in FM (SID). When pigs weighed 50.072.9 kg, 32 gilts and 32 castrated males (2 gilts or 2 castrated males/pen) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 finisher-1 diets with 4 gilt pens and 4 castrated male pens/diet, and they were switched to finisher-2 diets when the average pen weight reached 79.07 2.0 kg. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study. At the end of the finisher-2 phase (107.773.3 kg), blood samples were collected to determine serum metabolite profile and pigs were slaughtered to assess carcass characteristics. Pigs fed the POS diets ended to have greater overall average daily feed intake (ADFI; P ¼ 0.083) and had greater total Lys intake (P ¼ 0.029) than those fed the SID diets, which may have resulted in a tendency for slightly greater average daily gain (ADG; P ¼ 0.094) in pigs fed the POS diets. However, there was no difference in the efficiency of feed or Lys utilization. Pigs fed the SID diets tended to have greater gain:feed (G:F;P ¼ 0.057) and had greater gain:total Lys intake (Po0.001) than those fed the NRC diets. Pigs fed the POS diets tended to have greater ADFI (P ¼ 0.079) and had greater ADG (Po0.001) and G:F (Po0.001) than those fed the NEG diets, but, as expected, they had lower gain:total Lys intake (Po0.001) mostly because of the increased total Lys intake (Po0.001). Serum glucose was not affected by dietary treatments. Pigs fed the POS diets had greater urea-N (P ¼ 0.003) and lower cholesterol (P ¼ 0.002) than those fed the SID diets. As expected, pigs fed the NEG diet had reduced total protein (Po0.001) and increased urea-N (P ¼ 0.001), triglyceride (Po0.001), and cholesterol (Po0.001) compared with those fed the POS diets. Pigs fed the POS diets had greater fat-free lean gain
What’s Love Got to Do with It? Sexual Behaviors of Opposite‐Sex Couples Through Emerging Adulthood

CONTEXT: Sexual relationships in young adulthood may have important ramifications for individuals’ physical and emotional well-being. Nonetheless, representative information about young adults’ sexual activities in long-term relationships and the emotional context of such relationships is rare. METHODS: A subsample of 6,421 participants in Wave 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (18–26-year-olds) who were in a sexual relationship of at least three months’ duration were selected for analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between love and various sexual activities. RESULTS: Eighty percent of respondents had engaged in cunnilingus and fellatio as well as vaginal intercourse in their current relationship; this group included 22% who also had engaged in anal sex. Compared with their peers who reported that they and their partner did not love each other a lot, both males and females who reported mutually loving relationships had significantly higher odds of having given oral sex (odds ratios, 3.9 and 2.6, respectively) and having received oral sex (1.8 and 3.3); males in mutually loving relationships also had elevated odds of having had anal sex (3.1). CONCLUSIONS: Most young adult couples in long-term relationships engage in a variety of sexual practices with loving partners; the direction of causality in this association and its implications for relationship building require exploration. Furthermore, programs and interventions that address health and well-being during emerging adulthood should cover issues relevant to a broad range of sexual activities, including oral and anal sex.
Nonreflecting layered-inhomogeneous anisotropic media

Abstract It is shown that for layered-inhomogeneous uniaxial media, at a given frequency, there is some distribution of parameters over the thickness of the layer such that reflection will be absent for a normally propagating extraordinary wave. A general theorem for constructing the nonreflecting profile in an arbitrary layered-inhomogeneous uniaxial medium is given. The results are applied to a wave propagation in an Epstein profile. The results also indicated that even small variations in the spatial dependence of the parameters of the medium can affect the reflection coefficient significantly.
Inverted oral papilloma.

Abstract A rare case of inverted papilloma of the oral cavity is presented. The lesion behaves in a benign manner, unlike similar lesions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses which may undergo malignant change. The pathologist should be well aware of its occurrence.
Kings in adversity: A note on Alfred and the cakes

The familiar tale of King Alfred and the Cakes is not the invention of the anonymous hagiographer of St. Neot in whose work it appears for the first time, but goes back to a complex and well-documented narrative tradition. The story combines Boethian exempla about the fickleness of Fortune with anecdotes about kings who hide their royal status, and the ability or inability of others to recognize them as kings. The motif of the ash-baked bread allows us to tie the story to earlier tales about Germanic rulers, and suggests the influence of folktale characters and situations.
Silicon-29 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of composite interfaces

The types of structures and bonds that are formed with silicons in the composite interface were studied using 29Si cross-polarization/magic angle sample spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The change in mobility of silane coupling agent bonded to silica, as compared with bulk hydrolyzed silane coupling agent, can be monitored by the change in line width and the shift of resonances to higher fields, as well as by the change in the silicon-proton cross-polarization time TSiH. In the silane coupling agent-matrix resin interface, the TSiH values reflect the change in mobility as a function of the concentration and degree of hydrolysis of the silane coupling agent. It has been demonstrated that quantitative measurements of TSiH can be used to investigate relative mobilities.
Factors Related to Job Acceptance Decisions of College Recruits.

Abstract We investigated factors related to job acceptance decisions of college recruits who visited a large petrochemical company. We extended earlier recruitment research by surveying subjects following site visits instead of campus interviews, by measuring actual job offer decisions instead of only intentions, and collecting data across 2 years. In general, overall evaluations of the site visit, perceptions of the location, and host likableness were related positively to job acceptance decisions. Additional analyses suggested that similar variables influenced both job acceptance intentions and decisions and that intentions mediated the relationship between the predictors and job offer decisions.
Sex differences in the relation of children's height and weight to academic performance and others' attributions of competence

The purposes of the present study were to examine the relation of elementary-school girls' and boys' height and weight to (a) teachers' and peers' perceptions of the children's independence and academic, athletic, and social competence; and (b) children's achievement test scores and grades. Teachers rated kindergarteners' through fourth graders' competence both at the beginning of the school year and four months later; first and third graders rated their peers' competence once midyear. In general, size and/or bulk were positively related to teachers' attributions of competence, grades, and achievement test scores for boys, especially for the older boys. Heaviness was negatively related to teachers' ratings of females' competence (especially athletic competence and especially for older girls). Moreover, large size (height not controlling for weight) was positively related to younger but not older children's nominations of males for athletic ability. The results are discussed in terms cultural stereotypes and their implications for the development of children's competence.
CONDITIONAL POST-SOLUTION ANALYSIS OF MULTIOBJECTIVE COMPROMISE DECISION SUPPORT PROBLEMS

Design of systems involes Huljking a series of decision Decision Support is needed for improving the effectiveness of the designer. Decision support is provided using the Decision Support Problem Technique. It involves solving Decision Support Problems ( DSPs) and oerformind cost-solution analysis. There are four types of DSPs. This paper deals with the post-solution analysis of the compromise DSPs only. Post-solution analysis deals with interpreting, and performing parametric and sensitivity analysis for the solution of the compromise DSPs. The purpose of performing post-solution analysis is to transform information about the solution to knowledge about the DSP. The method of conditional post-solution analysis for linear, multi objective compromise DSPs, and its extension to nonlinear problems, is discussed here. This approach is suitable for implementation of an expert system on the computer in conjunction with the existing solution software for compromise DSPs. The technique is illustrated using the Tw...
Measurement of Plasma Aldosterone by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection

ABSTRACT The heptafluorobutyrate of tetrahydroaldosterone-γ-lactone was used for the determination of aldosterone in human peripheral plasma by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The derivative was obtained from plasma as follows: CH2CI2 extraction, cyclohexane/aqueous ethanol partition, HIO4 oxidation to the γ-lactone, thin layer chromatography, enzymatic reduction of the γ-lactone to its tetrahydro derivative, conversion to the heptafluorobutyrate, and thin layer chromatography. The method is relatively simple and sufficiently sensitive to permit assay of aldosterone in normal subjects.
Ethanol‐Induced Depletion of Lymphocytes from the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of C57B1/6 Mice Is Associated with RNA But Not DNA Degradation

The effects of ethanol (EtOH) consumption by adult female C57B1/6 mice on lymphocyte populations of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were determined by feeding mice with the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet by a pair-feeding paradigm. Histological analysis of the MLNs of EtOH-fed mice showed a progressive loss of lymphocytes from the medullary regions at 3, 5, and 7 days after initiation of the EtOH diet. The stromal cells in the medullary region also demonstrated a progressive alteration in stellate morphological features at times corresponding to those of loss of lymphocytes from this region. Microscopic evaluation of the follicle regions of MLNs obtained from mice fed an EtOH-containing diet showed no appreciable alterations in morphological characteristics. The number of tingible body macrophages in the germinal centers of the follicles, however, was increased after 3 days of EtOH diet feeding and declined progressively after this time. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated lymphocytes showed a depletion of both T and B cell populations from the MLNs. In contrast to B cells, however, T cells were depleted through 7 days of EtOH diet feeding. Total RNA isolated from the MLNs of mice consuming the EtOH-containing diet was progressively degraded. No degradation of DNA was observed. These study results establish that continuous consumption of dietary EtOH adversely affects the cellularity of MLN, resulting in a progressive loss of lymphocytes that is associated with degradation of total RNA.
Molecular orbital calculations on some non-classical aromatics

Abstract Calculations by the Huckel Molecular Orbital method have been made on ten non-classical aromatics, most of them non-alternant. Considerable resonance stabilization is predicted for all the systems studied. Except for charge distribution in the non-alternants, the calculated properties are mostly similar to those of normal benzenoid aromatics. The application to our systems of Craig's rules for predicting aromaticity is discussed.
A Group Math Intervention: The Modification of Cover, Copy, and Compare for Group Application

A drill and practice intervention was applied in a small-group setting to improve students' fluency (accuracy and speed) with basic math facts. The Cover, Copy, and Compare intervention (Skinner, Turco, Beatty, & Rasavage, 1989) was modified and implemented with a small, middle school Chapter I math class. Data are presented showing digits correct per minute (DCPM) using a multiple baseline design across sets of division facts. Component parts of DCPM, speed and accuracy, are further discussed. Results of this study provide the scientist-practitioner with ideas about implementing group interventions using drill for math facts. Ways to refine the intervention based on baseline data are discussed.
Robustness redesign of continuous-time adaptive schemes

In a recent paper we have established that several adaptive schemes are robust with respect to modeling errors consisting of fast parasitics which are weakly observable in the plant output. We now show that the weak observability assumption is crucial, that is when the parasitics are strongly observable the adaptive schemes are no longer robust. However, the addition of a low pass filter at the output makes the parasitics weakly observable and hence guarantees the robustness of the enlarged scheme.
Bezold–Brücke Effect: Pigment or Neural Locus?

In order to ascertain whether the Bezold–Brucke hue shift is of neural or pigment origin, five observers matched monochromatic spots of light, each with the same luminance, but one darkened by the operation of simultaneous brightness contrast. The occurrence of the hue shift in the contrast-darkened spot provides evidence for a neural locus of the effect. In addition, an extended set of measurements with one observer provides additional support for this hypothesis.
THE EXPECTED MORPHOLOGY OF THE SOLAR-SYSTEM PLANETARY NEBULA

We examine the evolution of Jupiter's orbit as the Sun evolves to form a planetary nebula. We use an orbital synchronization mechanism, which was proposed by Tassoul (1987, ApJ, 322, 856), and find that Jupiter is likely to deposit a substantial fraction of its orbital angular momentum, in spinning-up the Sun, when the latter is on the upper Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB). This amount of angular momentum is likely to cause some small degree of axisymmetric mass loss from the Sun. In this case, the Sun will form an elliptical planetary nebula. The formation of elliptical planetary nebulae with the influence of massive planets and brown dwarfs, may explain the large fraction of elliptical planetary nebulae among the total number of planetary nebulae known today.
Arbitrarily-Shaped Slot-Coupled Microstrips and Their Applications in Microwave Integrated Circuits and Antennas

Abstract The mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) is solved by the method of moments in order to investigate arbitrarily-shaped slot-coupled microstrip discontinuity problems. A concise expression of the mutual coupling matrix element is utilized to assure numerical efficiency and accuracy. Comparison between this MPIE and other moment methods (such as MFIE and EFIE) is also carried out and discussed. In order to validate this modeling tool, a circularly polarized dual slot-coupled patch antenna and a single slot-coupled directional coupler arc investigated. Good agreement between numerical results and measurement is achieved. Two examples of dual slot-coupled patch antenna and annular ring slot antenna with microstrip line feed arc designed to provide desired circularly polarized radiation. In addition, a weak coupling slot-coupled directional coupler is designed by utilizing a pair of circular slots. Good performance for directivity, isolation, and return loss is obtained.
Using redundancy to improve robustness of distributed mechanism implementations

This paper introduces computation compatibility and communication compatibility as requirements for a distributed mechanism implementation. Just as payments are used to create incentive compatible mechanisms, some technique must be used to create computation/communication compatible mechanisms. This paper explores computation redundancy and communication redundancy as two such techniques. This paper uses interdomain routing as an example domain, and considers where redundancy can succeed and fail in addressing cheating with respect to computation and communication.
Trading Accuracy for Speed: Gender Differences on a Stroop Task under Mild Performance Anxiety:

A standard Stroop task was used to examine the effect of performance anxiety on 58 male and 69 female undergraduates. Subjects were approached either by two casually dressed experimenters who did not stress speed or accuracy or by 4 or 5 formally dressed experimenters who stressed quick and accurate performance. Subjects were told the test would assess their "mental acuity"; their responses were visibly tape-recorded. Reaction times did not show differential response by anxiety condition; men and women showed different RTs only in the low-anxiety condition, with women performing significantly more slowly. There were no significant differences for the high-anxiety condition. Analysis of errors showed women were more accurate than men. Men traded accuracy for speed and may have been under equal performance stress in both situations. When performance was not stressed, women were slower and more accurate than men. When performance was stressed, women increased their speed to match that of men while maintaining their greater accuracy.
Response of different white fir geographic provenances to Trichosporium symbioticum inoculation in California

We inoculated the fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis LeConte) associated fungus Trichosporium symbioticum Wright onto 56 white fir (Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.) trees planted in a common garden study near Ca- mino, California, that represented five geographic provenances of this species. The objective was to determine if there is a differential lesion length response of white fir provenances with respect to provenance. We found a significant (P < 0.019) difference between the provenances from Arizona and those of eastern Nevada origins 28 days after inoculation. There was a significant interaction between the two T. symbioticum isolates and season of inoculation. Fall inoculations tended to have smaller lesions than those in the spring but this varied by isolate in that the one from eastern Nevada tended to produce lon- ger lesions in the spring (P = 0.0001) whereas the isolate from the Camino plantation did not differ between spring and fall (P = 1.000). There is evidence for genetic variability relative to white fir provenance lesion length in response to T. symbio- ticum inoculation, and in future studies, isolate variability should also be taken into account. Resume : Nous avons inocule le champignon Trichosporium symbioticum Wright associe au scolyte sculpteur du sapin (Scolytus ventralis LeConte) sur 56 sapins concolores (Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.) plantes dans le cadre d'une etude en jardin commun pres de Camino, en Californie, qui compte cinq provenances geographiques de cette espece. L'objectif consistait a determiner si la longueur des lesions varie selon la provenance du sapin concolore. Nous avons observe une difference significative (P < 0,019) entre les provenances de l'Arizona et celles de l'est du Nevada 28 jours apres l'inoculation. Il y avait une interaction significative entre les deux isolats de T. symbioticum et la saison d'inocu- lation. Les inoculations faites a l'automne avaient tendance a produire de plus petites lesions que celles du printemps mais cela variait selon l'isolat : l'isolat de l'est du Nevada avait tendance a produire des lesions plus longues au printemps (P = 0,0001) tandis que les lesions produites par l'isolat provenant de la plantation de Camino avaient les memes dimensions (P = 1,000) que l'inoculation ait eu lieu au printemps ou a l'automne. Il y a des indices que la longueur des lesions en reac- tion a l'inoculation de T. symbioticum reflete la variabilite genetique des provenances de sapin concolore et les etudes ulte- rieures devraient egalement tenir compte de la variabilite des isolats. (Traduit par la Redaction)