cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Ubiquitin Specific Protease 44 (USP44) Induces Chromosomal Instability and Is Frequently Observed in Human T-Cell Leukemia

Cdc20-anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (Cdc20-APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is essential for orderly mitotic progression. The deubiqituinase USP44 was identified as a key regulator of APC/C and has been proposed to suppress Cdc20-APC/C activity by maintaining its association with the inhibitory protein Mad2 until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. However, this notion has been challenged by data in which a lysine-less mutant of Cdc20 leads to premature anaphase, suggesting that it's ubiquitination is not required for APC/C activation. To further evaluate its role in checkpoint function and chromosome instability, we studied the consequences of over-expression of mouse Usp44 in non-transformed murine embryonic fibroblasts. Here we show that cells with high Usp44 are prone to chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidization. We find that high Usp44 promotes association of Mad2 with Cdc20 and reinforces the mitotic checkpoint. Surprisingly, the APC/C-Cdc20 substrate cyclin B1 is stabilized in G2 when Usp44 is over-expressed, but is degraded with normal kinetics once cells enter mitosis. Furthermore, we show that USP44 expression is elevated in subset of T-cell leukemias. These data are consistent with an important role for USP44 in regulating Cdc20-APC/C activity and suggest that high levels of this enzyme may contribute to the pathogenesis of T-ALL.
Analytical method of torque calculation for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines

This paper introduces a new analytical method for performing the output torque calculations of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) including both permanent magnet and reluctance torque components. This method works well when using a 2-dimensional magnetic equivalent circuit of a machine by omitting the step of calculating the inductance values which are required for the calculation of the reluctance torque. The analysis results show that this method is very useful in the first design step before simulating a model using finite elements analysis (FEA). Also, this method can be applied to any type of synchronous machine.
An I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation strategy for 3GPP LTE systems

A novel receiver I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation strategy is proposed for the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system using the proposed synchronization signals available in each frame. System architecture and algorithm design for the receiver I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation are described in detail. Algorithm optimization is also discussed for further enhancement of the design. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach can effectively compensate the receiver I/Q imbalance.
The risk of upgrade for atypical ductal hyperplasia detected on magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsy: a study of 100 cases from four academic institutions

Aims To identify variables that can predict upgrade for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). Methods and results We reviewed 1655 MRI-guided core biopsies between 2005 and 2013, yielding 100 (6%) cases with ADH. The pathological features of ADH and MRI findings were recorded. An upgrade was considered when the subsequent surgical excision yielded invasive carcinoma (IC) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The rate of ADH between institutions was 3.3–7.1%, with an average of 6%. A total of 15 (15%) cases had upgrade, 12 DCIS and three IC. When all cases were included, only increased number of involved cores was statistically significant (P = 0.02). When cases with concurrent lobular neoplasia (LN) were excluded (n = 14), increased number of ADH foci and increased number of involved cores were statistically significant (P = 0.002, P = 0.009). We analysed the data separately from a single institution (n = 61). Increased number of foci, increased number of total cores and involved cores and larger ADH size predicted upgrade with statistical significance. Conclusions The incidence of ADH in MRI-guided core biopsy is rare. The rate of upgrade is comparable to mammographically detected ADH, warranting surgical excision. Similar to mammographically detected lesions, the volume of the ADH predicts the upgrade.
Obesity and Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy: Interacting Roles of Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation

The prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for many chronic diseases, including several types of cancer, has risen steadily over the past four decades in the United States and worldwide. To date, research in this area has focused on the epidemiologic associations between obesity and cancer risk, as well as on the mechanisms underlying those associations. However, an emerging but understudied issue of clinical importance is the diminution of chemotherapeutic efficacy in obese cancer patients. The mechanisms underlying the negative impact of obesity on therapeutic responses are likely multifactorial. The effects of obesity on chemotherapy drug pharmacokinetics and dosage have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, so this review will focus on the interplay among obesity, increased inflammation, metabolic perturbations, and chemoresistance. The ultimate goal of this review is to delineate areas for future research that could lead to the identification of new targets and strategies for improved cancer outcomes in obese patients.
Parabolic Induction and the Bernstein Decomposition

We use some fundamental work of Bernstein to study parabolic induction in reductive p-adic groups. In particular, we determine when parabolic induction from a component of the Bernstein decomposition of a Levi subgroup to the corresponding component of the full group is an equivalence of categories.
Comprehensive Profile of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Ambulatory Persons with Multiple Sclerosis.

The study and application of exercise in multiple sclerosis (MS) often requires cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to provide a comprehensive assessment of exercise tolerance and responses, including an evaluation of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems. Research on CPET in persons with MS has considerable limitations, including small sample sizes, often without controls; not reporting outcomes across disability status; and different modalities of exercise testing across studies. Although some key outcome variables of CPET have been studied in persons with MS, additional calculated variables have not been directly studied. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive examination of outcome variables from CPET among persons with MS and healthy controls. We included data from 162 persons with MS and 80 healthy controls who underwent CPET on a leg ergometer and satisfied criteria for valid testing for measuring oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio, work rate, and heart rate (HR). Calculated variables [i.e. ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VO2/VCO2), VE/VCO2 slope, VO2/power slope, VO2/HR slope, and oxygen uptake efficiency slope] were processed using standard guidelines. We examined differences in the CPET variables between groups (e.g. MS vs. controls and categories of mild, moderate, and severe disability status) using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and disease duration. Overall, persons with MS demonstrate alterations in outcomes from CPET compared with controls, and these are generally exacerbated with increasing disability. Our results provide novel information for the evaluation of CPET in MS for developing exercise prescriptions and documenting adaptations with exercise training based on the comprehensive variables obtained during CPET.
Suppressing diborane production during the hydrogen release of metal borohydrides: The example of alloyed Al(BH$_4$)$_3$

Abstract Aluminum borohydride (Al(BH4)3) is an example of a promising hydrogen storage material with exceptional hydrogen densities by weight and volume and a low hydrogen desorption temperature. But, unfortunately, its production of diborane (B2H6) gases upon heating to release the hydrogen restricts its practical use. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the properties of a number of metal borohydrides with the same problem and find that the electronegativity of the metal cation is not the best descriptor of diborane production. We show that, instead, the closely related formation enthalpy is a better descriptor and we find that diborane production is an exponential function thereof. We conclude that diborane production is sufficiently suppressed for formation enthalpies of −80 kJ/mol BH4 or lower, providing specific design guidelines to tune existing metal borohydrides or synthesize new ones. We then use first-principles methods to study the effects of Sc alloying in Al(BH4)3. Our results for the thermodynamic properties of the Al1−xScx(BH4)3 alloy clearly show the stabilizing effect of Sc alloying and thus the suppression of diborane production. We conclude that stabilizing Al(BH4)3 and similar borohydrides via alloying or other means is a promising route to suppress diborane production and thus develop viable hydrogen storage materials.
An Ultra-Low Power, “Always-On” Camera Front-End for Posture Detection in Body Worn Cameras Using Restricted Boltzman Machines

The Internet of Things (IoTs) has triggered rapid advances in sensors, surveillance devices, wearables and body area networks with advanced Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI). One such application area is the adoption of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement officials. The need to be ‘always-on’ puts heavy constraints on battery usage in these camera front-ends, thus limiting their widespread adoption. Further, the increasing number of such cameras is expected to create a data deluge, which requires large processing, transmission and storage capabilities. Instead of continuously capturing and streaming or storing videos, it is prudent to provide “smartness” to the camera front-end. This requires hardware assisted image recognition and template matching in the front-end, capable of making judicious decisions on when to trigger video capture or streaming. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) based neural networks have been shown to provide high accuracy for image recognition and are well suited for low power and re-configurable systems. In this paper we propose an RBM based “always-on’’ camera front-end capable of detecting human posture. Aggressive behavior of the human being in the field of view will be used as a wake-up signal for further data collection and classification. The proposed system has been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex 7 XC7VX485T platform. A minimum dynamic power of 19.18 mW for a target recognition accuracy while maintaining real time constraints has been measured. The hardware-software co-design illustrates the trade-offs in the design with respect to accuracy, resource utilization, processing time and power. The results demonstrate the possibility of a true “always-on” body-worn camera system in the IoT environment.
Assessing User Acceptance of Next Generation air Traffic Controller Workstations

This paper describes application of a methodology to evaluate the operational suitability of an air traffic control console design. This approach combines specified requirements, operations concepts, and the expertise of a qualified user group to assess the suitability of proposed designs. In addition to these elements, basic human factors engineering principles are used to provide the evaluations in a “real world” (non-laboratory) setting. Conclusions highlight the utility of this methodology in providing a link from system, requirements to a suitability evaluation and in allowing the comparison of multiple designs to a single benchmark specification.
Means and Their Inequalities

The theory of means has its roots in the work of the Pythagoreans who introduced the harmonic, geometric, and arithmetic means with reference to their theories of music and arithmetic. Later, Pappus introduced seven other means and gave the well-known elegant geometric proof of the celebrated inequalities among the harmonic, geometric, and arithmetic means. Nowadays, the families and types of means that are being investigated by researchers and the variety of questions that are being asked about them are beyond the scope of any single survey, with the voluminous book Handbook of Means and Their Inequalities by P. S. Bullen being the best such reference in this direction. The theory of means has grown to occupy a prominent place in mathematics with hundreds of papers on the subject appearing every year. The strong relations and interactions of the theory of means with the theories of inequalities, functional equations, and probability and statistics add greatly to its importance.
Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene by Molecular and Polymeric Adsorbates

The desirable properties and increased availability of single- and few-layer graphene have motivated interest in interfacing functional molecules and materials to its high surface area basal plane. The surface of pristine graphene lacks chemical functionality to allow for covalent modification without interrupting its continuous π-orbital system. In contrast, noncovalent functionalization does not suffer from these drawbacks and offers a means to tune graphene properties and incorporate molecular recognition or other active elements. In this Perspective, we describe emerging strategies to interface molecular compounds and polymers to graphene as well as the enhanced properties and new functions that they impart.
Microvascular Reconstruction of the Parotidectomy Defect

Parotidectomy is a commonly performed procedure for both benign and malignant lesions. When a significant portion of the gland is resected and the lost tissue volume is not replaced, a disfiguring contour defect can result. This defect can be disfiguring and have a profound impact on quality of life. Large defects are best replaced with vascularized tissue to provide stable volume.
A CASE OF FULMINANT INFECTION WITH STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENS PRESENTED WITH PRIMARY PERITONITIS

症例は54歳女性で,平成15年3月31日,昼頃から発熱と腹痛が出現増悪し, 39℃の高熱と嘔吐を伴うようになったため,救急車にて同日夜緊急入院となった.入院後,抗生物質投与と点滴治療を行ったが,翌日早朝,ショック状態となった.緊急開腹手術を行ったが,汚濁した腹水貯留と下部回腸の発赤腫脹があったのみで,原発性腹膜炎の所見であった.手術終了後,大量点滴と昇圧剤使用にもかかわらず,血圧の安定維持が困難となった.重症のエンドトキシンショックと判断し,大量輸液,抗生剤投与を継続しながら,深夜,輸血,エンドトキシン吸着療法を行ったところ,血圧が安定し,尿量が増加した.翌日2回目のPMX-DHPを行い,昇圧剤の減量が可能となり,ショック状態から脱した.以後順調に回復し,術後28日目に退院した.術中の腹水細菌培養検査で,激症型A群溶連菌が検出された.
The Solution of Equations by Continued Fractions

(1953). The Solution of Equations by Continued Fractions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 293-305.
SVD-Based Voltage Stability Assessment From Phasor Measurement Unit Data

Electric power systems can display a range of undesirable dynamic phenomena by which acceptable, stable operation may be lost. Quasi-steady-state operational problems such as the voltage instability phenomena are among these. Ill-conditioning of the power flow, reflected in high sensitivity of bus voltage magnitudes to load variation is an often observed precursor to such quasi-steady state operational problems. Motivated by this insight, work here will propose a voltage stability and conditioning monitor that is model-free in real-time, based solely on phasor measurement unit (PMU) data, arguing that such an approach is well suited to near-real-time application. We review model-dependent singular value analysis in voltage stability assessment, and relate these existing approaches to our proposed model-free method in real-time application. The proposed algorithm is first applied under the idealized assumption of full measurement data at all buses. This work then extends the algorithm to apply in the more practical case for which only subset of buses have available measurement data. The proposed approach is illustrated in IEEE test cases, augmented to include heavy load conditions that stress voltage stability. Algorithms for efficient computation of small numbers of singular values, as well as means to exploit low-rank updates in data, are reviewed to demonstrate opportunities for fast computation that allow these SVD methods to operate in near-real-time in large systems.
Ethical aspects of medical economics.

Confronted with limited resources, increasing health care costs, and significant unmet health care needs, our society must make difficult decisions with broad ethical implications. Physicians have an ethical obligation to avoid wasteful and unnecessary medical care. Our society has an obligation to address the ethical dilemmas implicit in health care allocation and rationing decisions.
The Necessary Complexity of Predatory Pricing Analysis: A Comment on Richard S. Markovits’s Treatment of Predatory Pricing in Economics and the Interpretation and Application of U.S. and E.U. Antitrust Law

While I agree with much of what Markovits writes about predatory pricing, I focus on two main areas of disagreement. First, tests for predatory pricing should reflect an optimal balance of deterren...
Phylogenetic Analysis Supports the Recognition of Albuna beutenmulleri Skinner as a Species Distinct from A. pyramidalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

ABSTRACT. Albuna beutenmulleri Skinner (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) is endemic to eastern and southern Utah, feeds on primrose (Oenothera pallida Lindl.), and is distinctly colored with opaque, orange-red wings. However, A. beutenmulleri was synonymized as a color variant of the widely distributed A. pyramidalis (Walker). Thus, given the criteria of monophyly, we tested the species status of A. beutenmulleri in the context of Albuna species. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed that specimens of A. beutenmulleri and A. pyramidalis were reciprocally monophyletic. The nucleotide difference between species was ~8% which was similar to the distance among other Albuna species and exceeded the intraspecific difference by ten times. Given phylogenetic and life history evidence, we recognize A. beutenmulleri as a distinct species from A. pyramidalis and describe a yellow variant of A. beutenmulleri.
COPD+OSA: can two bad things be good for you?

COPD and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), two highly prevalent disorders,1 are both associated with substantial sleep-related hypoventilation.2 Sleep-related hypoventilation in these patients is of greater magnitude than that recorded in healthy subjects. These observations raise the possibility that patients concurrently affected by COPD and OSA, also known as overlap syndrome, may develop worse sleep-related hypoventilation than patients with COPD or OSA alone. When sufficiently severe, sleep-related hypoventilation can reset the chemoreceptor threshold with resultant daytime hypercapnia.3 This (hypothetical) chain of events could explain why, despite less severe airway obstruction, the prevalence of daytime hypercapnia in patients with overlap syndrome is greater than that in patients with COPD4 or OSA alone.5 More profound hypercapnia and nocturnal hypoxaemia might also explain the reported increase in mortality in overlap syndrome compared with COPD.6 He et al 7 advance our understanding of the mechanisms of sleep-related hypoventilation in overlap syndrome. Specifically, and for the first time, the investigators compare the neural respiratory drive and ventilation during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in overlap syndrome against drive and ventilation in COPD alone, OSA alone and in healthy subjects. Neural respiratory drive was quantified as the amplitude of the diaphragm electromyogram signal (EMGdi) recorded with oesophageal electrodes.8 To assess upper airway resistance, the investigators computed the ratio of tidal volume to EMGdi.9 As expected, minute ventilation during sleep decreased in all participants: 10% in healthy subjects, 24% in COPD, 21% in OSA and ‘only’ 27% in patients with overlap syndrome. This lack of synergy between COPD and OSA in worsening sleep hypoventilation resulted from the unique response …
Gas-Chromatographische Identifizierung und quantitative Bestimmung von Morphin, Codein, Thebain, Papaverin und Narcotin in Opium Extrakt

Die in Opiumextrakt enthaltenen Alkaloide Morphin, Codein, Thebain, Papaverin und Narcotin werden gas-chromatographisch ohne Derivatisierung als freie Basen in einem Arbeitsgang identifiziert und quantitative bestimmt.
Fizyka i umysł Boga. Przemówienie na uroczystości wręczenia Nagrody Templetona

Today no one is surprised at the existence of science and its successes in various domains. We have used to the functioning of science so much that we don’t ask why we, people, can pursue science at all. Laws of nature are regarded as a “given” and only few are wondering how they emerged. Is the fact that human mind has the ability of rational thinking and successful discovering the mysteries of nature a basis for concluding that we are special, or, on the contrary, is it a meaningless coincidence? Does our existence have any deeper meaning? Is it a mere accident or is it written into the laws of nature? Author considers these themes in address given at the ceremony of Templeton Prize.
Virtue Ethics with Selections from Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics

Aristotle was the first systematic writer on ethical theory from the ancient Greek world. Today, we classify his general approach as virtue (arete) ethics or ethics of character. This approach is aimed more at creating good decision-makers rather than creating a decision theory mechanism which will allow anyone to plug in the relevant data and derive an action recommendation. The presupposition is this: people of good character make right choices. These spring out of their well-formed disposition so that they can merely appeal to their habits to act rightly.
Structure-based prediction of ligand–protein interactions on a genome-wide scale

We report a template-based method, LT-scanner, which scans the human proteome using protein structural alignment to identify proteins that are likely to bind ligands that are present in experimentally determined complexes. A scoring function that rapidly accounts for binding site similarities between the template and the proteins being scanned is a crucial feature of the method. The overall approach is first tested based on its ability to predict the residues on the surface of a protein that are likely to bind small-molecule ligands. The algorithm that we present, LBias, is shown to compare very favorably to existing algorithms for binding site residue prediction. LT-scanner's performance is evaluated based on its ability to identify known targets of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and it too proves to be highly effective. The specificity of the scoring function that we use is demonstrated by the ability of LT-scanner to identify the known targets of FDA-approved kinase inhibitors based on templates involving other kinases. Combining sequence with structural information further improves LT-scanner performance. The approach we describe is extendable to the more general problem of identifying binding partners of known ligands even if they do not appear in a structurally determined complex, although this will require the integration of methods that combine protein structure and chemical compound databases.
"A River (and $5 Billion of Transportation Infrastructure) Runs Through It": Sustainability Slouches Toward Somerville's Waterfront

Jane jacobs's vision of urban life and community development can be understood as a foundation of sustainability discourse and practice at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Urban residents across the country are organizing themselves around the vision of mixed-use, vibrant, walkable neighborhoods that Jacobs pioneered. With little support from environmental laws, government agencies, or private developers, community groups are taking on the challenge of redeveloping urban areas to help restore blighted ecosystems while attracting high-quality economic development. The efforts of the Mystic View Task Force in Somerville, Massachusetts to create an urban village along the Mystic River is an example of this 'Jacobean" movement and the challenges inherent in this work. As goes Somerville, so go other cities trying to build better, more sustainable places to live, work and
From wetland specialist to hand-fed generalist: shifts in diet and condition with provisioning for a recently urbanized wading bird

Many wildlife species shift their diets to use novel resources in urban areas. The consequences of these shifts are not well known, and consumption of reliable-but low quality-anthropogenic food may present important trade-offs for wildlife health. This may be especially true for carnivorous species such as the American white ibis (Eudocimus albus), a nomadic wading bird which has been increasingly observed in urban parks in South Florida, USA. We tested the effects of anthropogenic provisioning on consumer nutrition (i.e. dietary protein), body condition and ectoparasite burdens along an urban gradient using stable isotope analysis, scaled mass index values and GPS transmitter data. Ibises that assimilated more provisioned food were captured at more urban sites, used more urban habitat, had lower mass-length residuals, lower ectoparasite scores, assimilated less δ15N and had smaller dietary isotopic ellipses. Our results suggest that ibises in urban areas are heavily provisioned with anthropogenic food, which appears to offer a trade-off by providing low-quality, but easily accessible, calories that may not support high mass but may increase time available for anti-parasite behaviours such as preening. Understanding such trade-offs is important for investigating the effects of provisioning on infection risk and the conservation of wildlife in human-modified habitats.This article is part of the theme issue 'Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host-parasite dynamics in wildlife'.
Novel Realizations of Speech-Driven Head Movements with Generative Adversarial Networks

Head movement is an integral part of face-to-face communications. It is important to investigate methodologies to generate naturalistic movements for conversational agents (CAs). The predominant method for head movement generation is using rules based on the meaning of the message. However, the variations of head movements by these methods are bounded by the predefined dictionary of gestures. Speech-driven methods offer an alternative approach, learning the relationship between speech and head movements from real recordings. However, previous studies do not generate novel realizations for a repeated speech signal. Conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) provides a framework to generate multiple realizations of head movements for each speech segment by sampling from a conditioned distribution. We build a conditional GAN with bidirectional long-short term memory (BLSTM), which is suitable for capturing the long-short term dependencies of time-continuous signals. This model learns the distribution of head movements conditioned on speech prosodic features. We compare this model with a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) and BLSTM models optimized to reduce mean squared error (MSE) or to increase concordance correlation. The objective evaluations and subjective evaluations of the results showed better performance for the conditional GAN model compared with these baseline systems.
A fault detection and isolation method applied to liquid oxygen loading for the space Shuttle

Process-monitoring and fault location techniques have been developed at the Kennedy Space Center in a domain of mixed media control in NASA's Space Shuttle Launch Processing System. An intuitively appealing diagnostic technique and representation of the system's structure and function were formulated in cooperation with system engineers. Functional relationships that determine the consistency of sensor measurements are represented by symbolic expressions embedded in frames. Functional relationships are stored in exactly one place, so they must be inverted to determine hypothetical values for possibly faulty objects. Propagating these hypothetical states to other sensors permits the location of faults. Standard symbolic inversion techniques have been extended to include conditional functions. A demonstration system is operating, and its evaluation will soon use live data from the firing rooms at KSC.
On the Derivation of Propagator and Bound State Equations and S-Matrix Elements for Composite States

Since the work of Cornwall, Jackiw and Tomboulisl (CJT) on the effective action formalism for composite field operators, emphasis has been placed on its application to the problem of dynamical symmetry breaking, which utilizes the corresponding effective potential. Specifically, the stability of the solutions to the Schwinger-Dyson equation has been regarded as the key issue. Considerably less attention has been given to the possibility of deriving from the composite operator effective action the exact Bethe-Salpeter equations in a general way and to establishing from it the connection to the S-matrix for purely bound-state processes. These properties are of special physical significance for confining theories like quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and we wish to take up these issues in this work.
RecoveryZone: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Outcomes of an Online Ally Training Program

Despite the growth of recovery supports on college campuses, little empirical evaluation of specific program elements exists. The current study reviews the development and evaluation of a pilot project to create an online ally training program to support students in recovery from substance use disorders. Results indicate statistically significant reductions in various elements of stigma and increases in self-reported ally behavior with moderate to large effect sizes. Implications for student affairs practice are discussed.
Peroxiredoxins and Beyond; Redox Systems Regulating Lung Physiology and Disease

Significance: The lung is a unique organ, as it is constantly exposed to air, and thus it requires a robust antioxidant defense system to prevent the potential damage from exposure to an array of environmental insults, including oxidants. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family plays an important role in scavenging peroxides and is critical to the cellular antioxidant defense system. Recent Advances: Exciting discoveries have been made to highlight the key features of PRDXs that regulate the redox tone. PRDXs do not act in isolation as they require the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH, sulfiredoxin (SRXN1) redox system, and in some cases glutaredoxin/glutathione, for their reduction. Furthermore, the chaperone function of PRDXs, controlled by the oxidation state, demonstrates the versatility in redox regulation and control of cellular biology exerted by this class of proteins. Critical Issues: Despite the long-known observations that redox perturbations accompany a number of pulmonary diseases, surprisingly little is known about the role of PRDXs in the etiology of these diseases. In this perspective, we review the studies that have been conducted thus far to address the roles of PRDXs in lung disease, or experimental models used to study these diseases. Intriguing findings, such as the secretion of PRDXs and the formation of autoantibodies, raise a number of questions about the pathways that regulate secretion, redox status, and immune response to PRDXs. Future Directions: Further understanding of the mechanisms by which individual PRDXs control lung inflammation, injury, repair, chronic remodeling, and cancer, and the importance of PRDX oxidation state, configuration, and client proteins that govern these processes is needed.
Bessel functions, heat kernel and the conical Kähler–Ricci flow

Abstract Following Donaldson's openness theorem on deforming a conical Kahler–Einstein metric, we prove a parabolic Schauder-type estimate with respect to conical metrics. As a corollary, we show that the conical Kahler–Ricci flow exists for short time. The key is to establish the relevant heat kernel estimates, where we use the Weber formula on Bessel function of the second kind and Carslaw's heat kernel representation in [8] .
Plasmonic Hot Holes: Fundamentals and Devices

Photoelectrochemical, photoelectrical and ultra-fast pump-probe studies elucidate the generation and dynamics of plasmonic hot-holes and suggest new opportunities for hot-carrier optoelectronic devices
Phenotypic plasticity in gastropod shell remodeling

A laboratory experiment was conducted with the marine gastropod Littorina littorea from three different sites in Long Island Sound to test for inducible responses to the non‐native predatory crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus. Individuals of L. littorea did not exhibit decreased shell growth in response to increased predation risk, which differs from the response seen in other species of Littorina. However, snails did exhibit slower growth in response to reduced food availability, as seen in other gastropods. Surprisingly, snails from two sites exhibited differences between the crab‐exposed and reduced food‐availability treatments in how they remodeled the thickness of different microstructural layers of shell material in apical parts of the shell. Although individuals of L. littorea did not show the typical shell thickening response seen in other gastropods, they did show differences among populations in remodeling their shell. This underlies the importance of examining how the shell is constructed and remodeled in studies of inducible defenses in gastropods, as well as the importance of examining animals from multiple populations.
Flying into the hurricane: A case study of UAV use in damage assessment during the 2017 hurricanes in Texas and Florida.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have been used by disaster relief organizations in the United States since 2005. However, their place in the disaster response ecosystem—the standardization, utility, ethical, and legal challenges of drone use—remains largely unstudied. This case series describes how UAVs were used by two teams of responders for damage assessment purposes during the 2017 southeastern US Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. Data streams ranged from social media, direct observation, participant-observation and semi-directed interviews. Qualitative analysis was performed for thematic content derived from field observation and from post-hoc interviews. Outcomes of the qualitative analysis emphasize the barriers to deploying drones in the disaster context, their tactical implementation, programmatic integration, and ethical and legal challenges. These observations lay the groundwork for both future research on the utilization of drones and the prudent and ethical implementation of programs that employ drones in post-disaster settings.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Pediatric Immunodeficiency

Chronic rhinosinusitis and other sinopulmonary infections can be a hallmark of impaired immunity in children. Rhinosinusitis in the setting of immunodeficiency can often be chronic and refractory, and involve opportunistic pathogens. We review the evaluation and management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis in the context of primary immunodeficiency diseases. Immunodeficiencies found to be associated with chronic rhinosinusitis include common variable immune deficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, antibody deficiencies, hyper-IgM syndrome, hyper-IgE syndrome, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, activated PI3K disease, DiGeorge syndrome, and chronic granulomatous disease. Chronic rhinosinusitis in children may be a clinical manifestation of immunodeficiency. The evaluation and diagnosis of immunodeficiencies are essential for initiating appropriate therapeutic strategies, including antibiotics, prophylaxis, topical therapy, surgery, and immunoglobulin replacement.
The Adaptive Evolution of the Co-operative Principles

The ‘co-operative principles’ are a set of operating and aspirational guidelines for co-operative businesses that originated in England in the 1840s and are used worldwide today. We evaluate the proposition that the co-operative principles constitute institutional adaptations by helping co-operative businesses survive and spread. The principles might contribute to group success, be adaptively neutral, or they might spread fad-like between co-operatives even hampering cooperative survival. We use two empirical rubrics to identify signatures of adaptive evolution in the co-operative principles in their 170-year historical record. Historical analysis provides compelling evidence of the variation, transmission and selection of the co-operative principles through time. We document that the principles arose and have been modified via intentional innovation, that they facilitate cooperation among the members of a co-operative, and that they have spread due to the beneficial effects on the co-operatives which adopt them. Historical evidence further reveals a clear pattern of descent with modification, and adaptive radiation into worker co-operatives. We conclude that these principles likely constituted institutional adaptations in 1840s England and 1950s Spain. Despite their near ubiquity, it is more difficult to assess the adaptive value of the principles today.
Fluctuating High Throughput Serological Assay Results in Recurrent Convalescent Plasma Donors

Abstract The clinical and scientific communities rely on serology testing to analyze the degree of antibody-mediated immunity afforded to recovered patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralizing antibodies present in COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) remains a practical therapy to treat COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization. However, it remains unclear how long antibody levels persist in CCP donors after recovery. An accurate estimation of antibody kinetics in CCP donors provide an important observation to further define the extent of long-term immunity in recovered patient and simultaneously inform CCP collection processes in efforts to improve CCP dosing and therapeutic outcome. In this study, we analyzed 63 donors and measured antibody levels using two high throughput screening assays (HTSA) designed to detect antibodies targeting the spike protein (S1) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2 and monitored antibody levels between 2-8 consecutive donations. We show that anti-S1 antibody levels, as measured using the Ortho Total Ig HTSA, increased over time in repeat CCP donors while anti-NP antibody levels, as measured using the Abbott IgG HTSA, were unchanged or decreased over time. When we normalized these data, we found that both the absolute levels of anti-S1 antibodies and the ratio between S1 and NP antibodies tends to increase over time. These data have important implications for the convalescent donation process, patient protection from future infection and characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 immune response.
Adjuvant Osimertinib: A New Standard of Care.

Osimertinib, a third‐generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is the new first line standard of care in metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on improvements in overall survival (OS), control of central nervous system (CNS) disease, and a superior toxicity profile. This commentary highlights interim results from the ADAURA trial, continuing the effort to establish a role for EGFR TKIs in the adjuvant setting.
The Impact of Smoking Bans in Bars and Restaurants on Alcohol Consumption, Smoking, and Alcohol-Related Externalities

Smoking bans in bars and restaurants are one example of the many ways in which governments intervene to correct market failures such as externalities. These bans also represent a change in a non-price determinant of demand for alcohol consumed at bars, which could affect total alcohol consumption. This paper studies the effects of smoking bans on the amount and location of alcohol consumption, smoking, and alcohol-related externalities. I use a difference-in-differences method that exploits variation in the effective dates of smoking bans in bars and restaurants across cities, counties, and states. For individuals who drink, smoking bans result in an average increase in alcohol consumption of 1 drink per month. Occasional smokers drink an additional 2 drinks per month and former smokers drink 1 additional drink per month. These increases are most likely driven by changes in bar and restaurant alcohol consumption. Smoking bans have essentially no effect on extensive-margin smoking or violent crimes. They do, however, lead to a 4% increase in fatal drunk-driving crashes in areas with a high prevalence of smoking. Taken together, these results imply that smoking bans lead to unintended consequences in the form of increased alcohol consumption and drunk driving.
The Revolving D0or for Political Elites: Policymakers’ Professional Background and Financial Regulation

Regulatory capture of public policy by financial entities, especially via the revolving door between government and financial services, has increasingly become a subject of intense public scrutiny. This paper empirically analyses the relation between public-private career crossovers of high ranking government officials and financial policy. Using curriculum vitae of more than 400 central bank governors and finance ministers from 32 OECD countries between 1973 and 2005, I compile a new dataset including details on officials’ professional careers before and after their tenure and data on financial regulation. Panel data analyses show that central bank governors with past experience in the financial sector deregulate significantly more than governors without a background in finance (career socialisation hypothesis). Using linear probability regressions, the results also indicate that finance ministers, especially from left-wing parties, are more likely to be hired by financial entities in the future if they please their future employers through deregulatory policies during their time in office (career concerns hypothesis). Thus, although the revolving door effects differ between government officials, this study shows that career paths and career concerns of policymakers should be taken into account when analysing financial policy outcomes.
Synovial Fluid Metal Ion Levels are Superior to Blood Metal Ion Levels in Predicting an Adverse Local Tissue Reaction in Failed Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) are associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure in patients with metal-on-metal bearings and/or taper corrosion, which can also occur in metal-on-polyethylene articulations. Patients are monitored with blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) concentrations which do not always correlate with the degree of soft tissue reaction at revision THA. The purpose of this study was to determine how the blood and prosthetic hip synovial fluid levels of Co and Cr correlate with one another, and determine which concentration is more predictive of ALTR. Methods Synovial fluid and blood samples were collected at the time of revision THA in patients with (n = 26) and without ALTR (n = 27). Whole blood, serum, and synovial fluid metal ion concentrations were correlated with one another and clinical findings. Results The ratio of synovial fluid to whole blood Co concentration in ALTR and non-ALTR hips was 120:1 and 18:1 (P = .006). The mean ratio of synovial fluid to whole blood Cr concentration in ALTR and non-ALTR hips was 414:1 and 24:1 (P = .01). The mean synovial fluid Co/Cr concentrations were elevated in patients with ALTR compared with those without (2007.3 vs. 12.4 ppb, P = .007) and (3188.2 vs. 10.3 ppb, P = .02). The synovial fluid Co concentration was the most accurate test for detecting ALTR (cut off: 19.75 PPB, AUC 0.973). Conclusion In patients with ALTR, synovial fluid Co and Cr levels were 120 times higher and 414 times higher than whole blood Co and Cr levels. Synovial fluid Co ion concentration was the most accurate in predicting ALTR. Level of Evidence Diagnostic level II.
Do Datasets Have Politics? Disciplinary Values in Computer Vision Dataset Development

Data is a crucial component of machine learning. The field is reliant on data to train, validate, and test models. With increased technical capabilities, machine learning research has boomed in both academic and industry settings, and one major focus has been on computer vision. Computer vision is a popular domain of machine learning increasingly pertinent to real-world applications, from facial recognition in policing to object detection for autonomous vehicles. Given computer vision's propensity to shape machine learning research and impact human life, we seek to understand disciplinary practices around dataset documentation - how data is collected, curated, annotated, and packaged into datasets for computer vision researchers and practitioners to use for model tuning and development. Specifically, we examine what dataset documentation communicates about the underlying values of vision data and the larger practices and goals of computer vision as a field. To conduct this study, we collected a corpus of about 500 computer vision datasets, from which we sampled 114 dataset publications across different vision tasks. Through both a structured and thematic content analysis, we document a number of values around accepted data practices, what makes desirable data, and the treatment of humans in the dataset construction process. We discuss how computer vision datasets authors value efficiency at the expense of care; universality at the expense of contextuality; impartiality at the expense of positionality; and model work at the expense of data work. Many of the silenced values we identify sit in opposition with social computing practices. We conclude with suggestions on how to better incorporate silenced values into the dataset creation and curation process.
Site 39LM219 In the Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota

Site 39LM219, an earth-lodge village located in the neck of the Big Bend of the Missouri River in Lyman County, South Dakota, is assigned to the Chouteau Aspect and is presumed to date at about A. ...
Treatment of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis: Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) Consensus Statement

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) has an incidence of approximately 1 case per 100,000 person-years in Western countries. The rarity of the condition not only poses a challenge for making a prompt diagnosis but also makes evidenced decision making about treatment even more challenging. Physicians caring for patients with AL amyloidosis have been borrowing and customizing the therapies used for patients with multiple myeloma with varying degrees of success. One of the biggest failings in the science of the treatment of AL amyloidosis is the paucity of prospective trials, especially phase 3 trials. Herein, we present an extensive review of the literature with an aim of making recommendations in the context of the best evidence and expert opinion.
Hate Studies: Toward Jesuit Leadership on Curriculum Development

This paper examines how the academic study of hate can be understood through Catholic social justice teachings with an emphasis on the Jesuit commitment to faith and justice to allow for a critical reflection on the relationship between theory and practice. To make the connections between social justice and the study of hate, the paper begins with a description of Hate Studies and a brief overview of the Jesuit conception of social justice as it relates to higher education. Following these descriptions it is explained how Jesuits can influence the development of a curriculum for Hate Studies. The influence is reflected through the five key processes of promoting justice, human dignity, and human rights; integrating faith, scholarship, and activism; involving Catholic colleges and universities with contemporary issues; engaging in reflective practice; and transforming culture.