cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decadal declines in bird abundance and diversity in urban riparian zones

Abstract Urbanization is frequently cited as a major driver of species losses worldwide; however, most studies in urban areas use a space-for-time substitution approach to document effects of urbanization through time. Ultimately, understanding the effects of urbanization on biodiversity requires long-term datasets. We examined long-term changes in bird assemblages at 12 riparian sites in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area and nearby Sonoran Desert region, featuring a range of human modifications and levels of water flow. Riparian areas in arid cities represent a key habitat type that is sensitive to human modification and supports high levels of species diversity. We used long-term data to: (1) explore variation in bird communities as a function of water permanence and degree of human-modification; (2) identify which environmental variables best describe differences found across riparian site types; and (3) assess how riparian bird communities, abundance, and species richness have changed through time. Engineered riparian sites supported more broadly distributed generalists; whereas, natural riparian sites supported more specialists. Sites with perennial flows had more vegetation and water compared to ephemeral sites and engineered sites had more impervious surface compared to natural sites. In nearly all comparisons, bird species richness, diversity, and abundance declined across riparian types during the period of study, even for common species. Bird communities in natural settings have changed more than communities at engineered sites. Overall, the riparian bird community is shifting toward urban dwelling, resident species that are characteristic of riparian sites with less water and more impervious surface.
Comorbidities, age, and outcomes among intensively treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

e18024 Background: Little is known about how specific comorbidities affect outcomes among adults receiving intensive therapy for AML. Our goal was to characterize comorbidities by age and investiga...
The end of phenomenology : Expressionism in Deleuze and Merleau-Ponty

In this paper I examine how well Merleau-Ponty's philosophy can respond to Deleuze's challenge to phenomenology. The Deleuzian challenge is double, that of immanence and that of difference; in other words, the double challenge is what Deleuze calls the paradox of expression. I bring together, in particular, Deleuze's 1969 The Logic of Sense and Merleau-Ponty's 1945 the Phenomenology of Perception, and am able to discover a lot of similarities mainly centered around the notion of a past that has never been present. However, this comparison is not decisive; what alone can decide is an interpretation of expression in Merleau-Ponty's final, unfinished The Visible and the Invisible.
Transatlantic Sertões: The Backlands of Ruy Duarte de Carvalho and Mia Couto // Los sertões transatlánticos: Los transpaíses de Ruy Duarte de Carvalho y Mía Couto

This article develops a transatlantic approach to the colonial and postcolonial uses of the term sertao [backlands] in Angola, Brazil, and Mozambique through the works of Mia Couto and Ruy Duarte de Carvalho, especially in their readings of Joao Guimaraes Rosa. By focusing on their fictional and essayistic work, I analyze how they explore social and environmental dimensions of different sertoes in order to negotiate the multiplicity of meanings the term has acquired in both continents.Resumen Este articulo toma un acercamiento transatlantico a los usos coloniales y poscoloniales del termino "sertao" (lugar desierto) en Angola, Brasil y Mozambique por medio del analisis de las obras de Mia Couto y Ruy Duarte de Carvalho, particularmente en cuanto a sus lecturas de Joao Guimaraes Rosa. Al abordar sus ensayos y ficcion, analizo como exploran las dimensiones sociales y ambientales de distintos sertoes para negociar la multiplicidad de significados que el termino ha adquirido en ambos continentes.
Bt Resistance Management: The Economics of Refuges

Refuge requirements have been the primary regulatory tool used to delay pest resistance to Bt crops. This chapter presents a simple method to estimate the annual cost of refuges to producers, applying it to Bt cotton. It also examines broader welfare impacts, estimating how Bt cotton acreage restrictions affect producer surplus, consumer surplus, seed supplier profits, and commodity program outlays. The implications of grower adoption behavior—partial adoption, aggregate adoption, and refuge choice—for regulatory costs are examined. Empirical examples illustrate how providing multiple refuge options significantly reduces regulatory costs.
Existence Conditions of Super-Replication Cost in a Multinomial Model

This paper gives a theorem for the continuous time super-replication cost of European options in an unbounded multinomial market. An approximation multinomial scheme is put forward on a finite time interval [0,1] corresponding to a pure jump Levy model with unbounded jumps. Under the assumption that the expected underlying stock price at time 1 is bounded, the limit of the sequence of the super-replication cost in a multinomial model is proved to be greater than or equal to an optimal control problem. Furthermore, it is discussed that the existence conditions of a super-replication cost and a liquidity premium for the multinomial model. This paper concentrates on a multinomial tree with unbounded jumps, which can be seen as an extension of the work of (Xing, 2015). The super-replication cost and the liquidity premium under the variance gamma model and the normal inverse Gaussian model are calculated and illustrated.
Multispecialty pulmonary hypertension clinic in the VA

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is often associated with cardiopulmonary co-morbidities, especially in older adults. A multispecialty approach to suspected PH is recommended, but there are few data on adherence to guidelines or outcomes in such patients. This was a single-center retrospective study of consecutively evaluated Veteran patients with suspected PH evaluated in a multispecialty PH clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, evaluating clinical characteristics, workup outcomes, and prognosis. The referral population (n = 125) was older (mean ± SD age = 73.6 ± 9.8 years) with frequent co-morbidities (e.g. COPD 60%) and obesity (mean ± SD BMI = 32.8 ± 8.1 kg/m2). Of 94 patients undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC), 73 (78%) had confirmed PH (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg). PH was associated with higher BMIs (odds ratio [95% CI] for PH per 1 unit increase = 1.10 [1.02–1.19]) and brachial pulse pressures (odds ratio per 1 mmHg increase = 1.07 [1.02–1.13]). Seventy out of 73 were clas...
Synthesizing Loops for Program Inversion

We propose a new automatic program inversion method for imperative programs that contain loops. In particular, given a loop that produces an output state given a particular input state, our method can synthesize an inverse loop that reconstructs the input state given the original loop’s output state. The synthesis process consists of two major components: (a) building the inverse loop’s body, and (b) building the inverse loop’s predicate. Our method works for all natural loops, including those that take early exits (e.g., via breaks, gotos, returns). This work extends a program analysis and synthesis framework, called Backstroke, that we developed in prior work.
Heterogeneous domain decomposition method for high contrast dense composites

Abstract This paper is on numerical treatment of problems that describe high contrast composite materials with complex geometry. In particular, a heterogeneous domain decomposition method for a class of diffusion problems with rapidly oscillating coefficients that also have large variation of values within the domain is proposed. The method combines a FEM discretization in one subdomain with an asymptotic representation of the Dirichlet to Neumann map for the other subdomain. Numerical results that demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach are also provided.
How to derive ‘ought’ from ‘is’

It is often said that one cannot derive an ‘ought’ from an ‘is’. This thesis, which comes from a famous passage in Hume’s Treatise, while not as clear as it might be, is at least clear in broad outline: there is a class of statements of fact which is logically distinct from a class of statements of value. No set of statements of fact by themselves entails any statement of value. Put in more contemporary terminology, no set of descriptive statements can entail an evaluative statement without the addition of at least one evaluative premise. To believe otherwise is to commit what has been called the naturalistic fallacy.
State-level variation in the relationship between child removals and opioid prescriptions

Abstract Background: One of the most devastating impacts of the U.S. opioid crisis is the challenge it creates for dependent parents to care for their children, potentially leading to the child being removed from their home. However, existing studies of the link between child removals and opioid prescriptions have either focused on a single state or estimated a national average. Objective: To estimate state-level associations between child removals and opioid prescriptions. Participants and setting: U.S. counties from 2010 to 2015. Methods: We performed longitudinal regression analysis in which the rates for all removals and removals associated with parental drug abuse were employed as dependent variables. In addition to the opioid prescription rate, additional explanatory variables included child removal risk factors, county fixed effects, year fixed effects, and state-specific time trends. Interaction variables were used to estimate state-specific relationships. Results: We found substantial variation in the association between child removals and opioid prescriptions. Twenty-three states had a positive association, fifteen had a negative association, and twelve did not have a statistically significant association. A one-standard deviation increase in the prescription rate was associated with a 37% (p Conclusions: The substantial variation in state-level relationships between child removals and opioid prescriptions may reflect differences in the extent to which states have experienced the opioid crisis and indicate the need for interventions that account for those differences.
Antibiotic stewardship in the neonatal intensive care unit: Lessons from oxygen

* Abbreviation: ROP — : retinopathy of prematurity The introduction of oxygen therapy was in many ways a panacea for clinicians caring for preterm infants in the early 20th century. These pediatricians (the term “neonatologist” was not coined until decades later) began to use oxygen supplementation to support preterm infants and achieved previously unthinkable survival rates. In 1934, Julius Hess,1 who was widely credited with developing the first incubator for oxygen administration, reported the survival of 4 extremely low birth weight ( 16 infants died of hypoxemia for each case of blindness that was prevented.3 As a result, research efforts in neonatal care have begun to shift toward stewardship of this potentially lifesaving intervention by finding the optimal … Address correspondence to Adam L. Hersh, MD, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108. E-mail: adam.hersh{at}hsc.utah.edu
Hardware-in-loop based Automotive Embedded Systems Cybersecurity Evaluation Testbed

This paper explains the work-in-progress on a vehicle safety and security evaluation platform. Since the testing of cyber-attacks on an actual may be costly or dangerous, the platform enables us to evaluate the threat and the risk associated with cyber-attacks in a safe virtual environment. The goal is to integrate vehicle and powertrain models, mobility and network simulators to actual hardware running the control algorithms using CAN communication. Hardware is selected so as to allows expandability and application of wireless modules which will act as additional attack surfaces. In the current paper, the framework and ideology behind is testbed is described and current progress is shown. A simple GPS spoofing attack on a virtual test vehicle is done and some initial results are discussed.
Differential YAP nuclear signaling in healthy and dystrophic skeletal muscle.

Mechanical forces regulate muscle development, hypertrophy, and homeostasis. Force-transmitting structures allow mechanotransduction at the sarcolemma, cytoskeleton, and nuclear envelope. There is ...
3Ts of low cure rate: taxonomy, themes and theory of low cure rate in Pakistan's TB control programme and gathering a 360-degree perspective through qualitative, in-depth interviewing approach.

Objective WHO recommends cure of tuberculosis (TB) as the best prevention strategy; however, information about factors associated with low cure rate in patients with drug-susceptible TB is limited in Pakistan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the factors that account for low TB cure rate. Methodology The present qualitative study recruited diverse informants through purposive sampling to explore low cure rate situation in Badin between March and June 2017. Data were collected from clinicians, paramedics, lab technicians, district field supervisors, patients and treatment supporters through indepth and face-to-face interviews. Interviews were conducted in local languages (Urdu and Sindhi) and transcribed into English. Coding structure was developed inductively and applied on textual data to draw output at the levels of taxonomy, themes and theory, as proposed by Bradley et al. Findings Thirty-seven individuals consented to participate in this study and provided detailed account of the subject under enquiry. Review of interview data collected from a variety of informants resulted in the identification of four broad factors (taxonomy) that contributed to the situation of low cure rate in one of the districts implementing the public–private mix intervention. These factors were (1) health-seeking behaviour, (2) technical capacity of the healthcare provider, (3) managerial capacity of the healthcare provider, and (4) access to healthcare facility and services. Each factor is deconstructed into key dimensions (themes) that emerged from the dialogue between the interviewer and the respondents. Moreover, dimensions were exemplified through underlying concepts that correspond to theories for low cure rate. Conclusion Change in programme reporting requirement has demeaned the significance of having cure as treatment outcome. Therefore, returning the focus to achieving cure status for TB cases will be beneficial for assessing the effectiveness of TB control efforts. In parallel to the care delivery system, a mechanism for disseminating disease-related and treatment-related information should be introduced.
GFDL SHiELD: A Unified System for Weather-to-Seasonal Prediction

We present the System for High-resolution prediction on Earth-to-Local Domains (SHiELD), an atmosphere model coupling the nonhydrostatic FV3 Dynamical Core to a physics suite originally taken from ...
The Pleasures of the Text in the Information Age

A Gravity's Rainbow Companion: Sources and Contexts for Pynchon's Novel , by Steven Weisenburger. 2nd ed., rev. and expo Athens: U of Georgia P, 2006.412 pp. $59.95; pb $22.95.
Postscript: Women’s Health and the Era after COVID-19

As the world clamored to respond to the rapidly evolving coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care systems reacted swiftly to provide uninterrupted care for patients. Within obstetrics and gynecology, nearly every facet of care was influenced. Rescheduling of office visits, safety of labor and delivery and in the operating room, and implementation of telemedicine are examples. Social distancing has impacted academic centers in the education of trainees. COVID-19 vaccine trials have increased awareness of including pregnant and lactating women. Last, the pandemic has reminded us of issues related to ethics, diversity and inclusiveness, marginalized communities, and the women's health workforce.
Accent Speaks Louder than Ability: The Effect of Nonnative Accents on Trust Repair

This paper examines whether speaking with a nonnative accent adversely affects individuals’ perceived trustworthiness and level of trust after a trust violation in an English-speaking context. Furt...
Modeling the influence of vaccine administration on COVID-19 testing strategies

Vaccination is considered the best strategy for limiting and eliminating the COVID-19 pandemic. The success of this strategy relies on the rate of vaccine deployment and acceptance across the globe. As these efforts are being conducted, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is continuously mutating, which leads to the emergence of variants with increased transmissibility, virulence, and lower response the vaccines. One important question is whether surveillance testing is still needed in order to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission in an increasingly vaccinated population. In this study, we developed a multi-scale mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a vaccinated population and used it to predict the role of testing in an outbreak with alpha and delta variants. We found that, when the alpha variant is dominant, testing is effective when vaccination levels are low to moderate and its impact is diminished when vaccination levels are high. When the delta variant is dominant, widespread vaccination is necessary in order to prevent significant outbreaks. When only moderate vaccination can be achieved, frequent testing can significantly reduce the cumulative size of delta variant outbreak, with the impact of testing having maximum effects when focused on the non-vaccinated population.
The Persistently Sensitive or Painful Osseointegrated Implant: Painful implant

Abstract Objective To determine why some implants can appear to be well osseointegrated with no signs of infection and yet can remain sensitive to percussion and painful and unable to tolerate the weight of a restoration. Study Design Five patients were identified who between them had 7 implants which met the criteria of being persistently painful and sensitive to percussion whilst appearing to be well integrated and otherwise disease free. High-definition cone-beam CT scans were obtained on all of these patients. All patients had failed medical treatments. Results The cone-beam CT scans showed radiolucent channels running from the nearest nerve trunk to the vicinity of the sensitive implants. These may represent neurovascular channels which originally supplied the teeth that were present at the site of the implants, and they may have terminal neuromas, and that these neuromas may be irritated by the implant. In all cases removal of the offending implant caused either substantial or complete relief of discomfort. Conclusion The presence of terminal neuromas within the jaws, may be responsible for persistent pain and sensitivity in an otherwise well integrated and disease free implant. Removal of the offending implant appears to be the only treatment.
Global Stability in Some Seir Epidemic Models

The dynamics of many epidemic models for infectious diseases that spread in a single host population demonstrate a threshold phenomenon. If the basic reproduction number R0 is below unity, the disease-free equilibrium P0 is globally stable in the feasible region and the disease always dies out. If R0 > 1, a unique endemic equilibrium P* is globally asymptotically stable in the interior of the feasible region and the disease will persist at the endemic equilibrium if it is initially present. In this paper, this threshold phenomenon is established for two epidemic models of SEIR type using two recent approaches to the global-stability problem.
Single‐Step Synthesis of Alkynyl Imines from N‐Vinyl and N‐Aryl Amides

N-Phenylbenzenecarboxamide 2-Chloropyridine trifluormethanesulfonic acid anhydride 1-(Trimethylsilyl)acetylene N-[1-Phenyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-propyn-1-yldene]-benzeneamine Keywords: single step synthesis; alkynyl imines; vinyl amides; aryl amides; azaheterocycles; cycloisomerization; waste disposal
Studies on lactams—IV

Abstract A synthesis of ⨿-lactams has been achieved using intramolecular Michael addition of a substituted acrylamide of type IV. The scope of the reaction has been studied and the possibility of retro-Michael reaction has been investigated.
Dynein arm attachment probed with a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog: structural evidence for patterns of activity

The dynein arms that power ciliary motility are normally permanently attached by one end exclusively to subfiber A of each axonemal doublet (N) while the other (head) end transiently attaches to the subfiber B of the adjacent doublet (N + 1) to produce sliding of the doublets. In Tetrahymena axonemes, sliding of contiguous groups of doublets is induced by ATP suggesting that, in the absence of exogenous protease, there may be sets of potentially active and potentially inactive or refractory arms in a single axoneme. In the presence of a non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP, β,γ-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (AMP-PCP), about half the doublets in an axonemal preparation retain all arms bound to subfiber A, but half the doublets show long regions where some arms are pulled away from subfiber A of doublet N and attached to subfiber B of doublet N + 1 by their head ends. In AMP-PCP-induced splaying, positional information regarding arm state is retained. Analysis reveals that throughout regions where B subfiber attachment is found, small groups of about four subfiber B attached arms alternate with groups of about four arms that remain attached to subfiber A. This unique pattern of attachment suggests that arms function co-operatively in groups of four. Further, the repetition of the pattern is reminiscent of metachronal activity seen at higher levels of biological organization. This suggests that in these regions we have instantaneously preserved groups of arms capable of attaching to and detaching from doublet N + 1 in rapid succession. This appearance could be used to delineate the potentially active sets of arm, primed for mechanochemical activity, within an axoneme.
Molecular Defect of Spectrin in Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis: ALTERATIONS IN THE TRYPSIN-RESISTANT DOMAIN INVOLVED IN SPECTRIN SELF-ASSOCIATION

Abstract In hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) the erythrocyte membrane skeleton exhibits mechanical instability that can be correlated to defective self-association of spectrin heterodimers. To detect structural changes in the functional domains of HPP spectrin we have examined the peptide pattern produced by limited tryptic digestion of spectrin extracts from two families that contain three HPP patients. Limited tryptic digestion of all three HPP patients revealed a similar and reproducible decrease in the staining intensity of an 80,000-, and 22,000-, and an 88,000-dalton polypeptide with a concomitant increase in a 74,000- and a 90,000-dalton polypeptide as compared with controls. Only changes in the 80,000-, and 74,000-, and 22,000-dalton polypeptides could be correlated to defective spectrin self-association and the amount of spectrin dimers in 0°C extracts of the HPP patients and their affected kindred. Similar results were obtained when the tryptic digests were analyzed by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the affected 74,000- and 80,000-dalton polypeptides focusing into multiple spots ranging in isoelectric point from 5.3-5.4. When HPP spectrin dimers and tetramers were separated and subjected to trypsin digestion, changes in the 80,000-, 74,000-, and 22,000-dalton polypeptides were found predominantly in the spectrin dimer pool. Similar results were obtained for spectrin from two of the probands' mother, whom we have identified as an HPP carrier. We conclude that these HPP patients contain a population of normal, (principally tetrameric) and mutant (principally dimeric) spectrin. The latter is characterized by a defective spectrin dimer self-association due to conformational changes that affect the 80,000-dalton domain.
Laplacian electrocardiographic imaging: a model study

ABSTRACT We have developed a new approach to perform body surface Laplacian imaging ofcardiac electrical activity by estimating the body surface Laplacian electrocardiograms from potential electrocardiographic signals. This paper describes a numerical algorithm to estimate the Laplacian electrocardiogram from the potential electrocardiograms. Computersimulation studies have been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the developed approachin a spherical torso volume conductor and in a realistic geometry torso volume conductor.Our preliminary simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of performing body surface Laplacian imaging of cardiac electrical activity from body surface potential electrocardiograms. Keywords: Laplacian electrocardiogram, BSLM, B SPM, Laplacian imaging, electrocardiography 1. INTRODUCTION It is of importance and significance to be able to non-invasively image spatiallydistributed cardiac electrical activity from body surface electrical recordings. A number ofinvestigations have been made in an attempt to characterize myocardial electrical activity
Panel: information systems accreditation

While this proposal gives a background for the development of the Criteria for Accreditation of Information Systems Programs, the panel will concentrate on the Criteria, preparing for an accreditation visit, and new developments in IS accreditation.Program accreditation has been a very effective mechanism for assisting in quality assurance in programs in many disciplines, particularly at the baccalaureate level. Computer Science programs have been accredited by the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (CSAB) beginning in 1986. Now over 160 computer science programs are accredited and more programs seek accreditation each year [1]. Since its inception, CSAB has been interested in expanding program accreditation beyond Computer Science. With funding from a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Criteria have been developed for accreditation of programs in Information Systems. These Criteria were approved CSAB in July 2000 and pilot accreditation visits were approved for the Fall of 2001, thereby allowing the possibility of accreditation of IS programs to begin in July 2002.With the integration of CSAB and the Accreditation Board For Engineering and Technology (ABET), IS accreditation will be done by ABET. The ABET Board has approved pilot visits for FAll 2001. The first pilot will be conducted by the Computing Accreditation Commission of ABET.
Oncogene-directed small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma.

SUMMARY Achievements in cancer genetics and molecular biology have revolutionized the treatment options available for advanced melanoma. Patients with certain molecularly defined melanomas have been the most fortunate beneficiaries of recently US FDA-approved therapies that target aberrant MAPK pathway signaling, yet response rates and duration of response remain suboptimal. Furthermore, many patients harbor melanomas for which no approved targeted therapies currently exist. Since the approval of vemurafenib, a selective BRAF V600E inhibitor, in 2011, there has been a surge of preclinical and clinical studies aimed at developing novel targeted therapies for a wide range of molecularly defined melanomas. In this review, we will examine the present status and future potential of molecularly targeted therapies directed at the most significant oncogenic signaling pathways in melanoma.
A 0.015mm 2 63fJ/conversion-step 10-bit 220MS/s SAR ADC with 1.5b/step redundancy and digital metastability correction

A low power and very low area 10-bit 220MS/s SAR ADC is presented. The ADC employs a redundancy scheme that relaxes the DAC settling requirement and enables high sample rates, as well as a digital metastability identification and correction algorithm that exploits the redundancy as an error-correction code. The proposed ADC was implemented in CMOS 65nm, and takes up only 0.015mm2. At 220MS/s it consumes 4.3mW and achieves 51.7dB SNDR for a full scale sinusoidal input. For OFDM-like signals (wide-band 13dB Peak-to-RMS) the equivalent ENOB is 9.1 bit at 220MS/s. The figure-of-merit (FOM) is 63fJ/(conversion-step) at 220MS/s and 43fJ/conv-step at 160Ms/s.
Macaca radiata: Intragroup relations and reproductive status of females.

A 21-day study of captive bonnet macaques at the California Primate Research Center during the 1973 birth season showed that females with new infants are spaced significantly closer to a central adult male than are pregnant females.
DAMAGE SPREADING AND THE BLOCK DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE GAS MODEL

Monte Carlo simulations have been used to carry out a comparative study of the block distribution function and damage spreading characteristics of a half-filled lattice gas model (conserved order parameter) and a simple Ising model (non-conserved order parameter). Spin-exchange heat-bath dynamics were used to check the validity of equilibrium predictions for the lattice gas model using a histogram ratio analysis. Histogram reweighting was used to extract the interface energy for the lattice gas model, and the critical exponent β =1/8 was successfully estimated by using sub-block scaling and sub-block damage scaling.
About a Liouville comparison principle for entire weak solutions of quasilinear elliptic partial differential inequalities

We establish a new Liouville-type comparison principle for entire weak solutions of quasilinear elliptic partial differential inequalities of the form A ( u ) ≤ A ( v ) on R n , n ≥ 2. Typical examples of the operator A ( w ) are the p -Laplacian and its well-known modifications for 1 p ≤ 2.
The Preparation and Selectivity of a Polymer-Attached Rhodium(l) Olefin Hydrogenation Catalyst

Abstract A homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst [tris(triphenyl-phosphine)chlororhodium(I)] was attached to a polystyrene support by phosphine links. The attached catalysts were easily removed from the reaction mixture and could be used many times with little loss of activity. A study of the relative rate of reduction vs. olefin size indicated that the attached catalysts showed a selectivity for smaller molecules. A model based on the random sizes of the pores in the polymer was developed. The effective pore size was found to be only 5-10% that of the size measured by other techniques. Suspension of the polymer attached catalyst in polar solvents allowed the reduction of non-polar hydrocarbons in the presence of polar olefins.
The Effects and Costs of Intimate Partner Violence for Work Organizations

This study examines the productivity-related effects and costs of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the workplace. Specifically, it explores whether IPV victims and nonvictims differ in the number of work hours missed due to absenteeism, tardiness, and work distraction and the costs for employers from these missed work hours. The research involved a Web-based survey of 823 male and 1,550 female employees in three midsized organizations. Employees who reported lifetime IPV victimization, but not current victimization, missed more hours of work because of absenteeism than did nonvictims. Current victims, but not lifetime victims, were more likely to be distracted at work than nonvictims. Organization costs due to absenteeism and tardiness were greater for lifetime victims than nonvictims; however, no difference in costs was found for current victims. Overall, we found that IPV has negative effects on organizations, but that the nature and cost of these effects vary by type of victimization.
Enteric Excretion of Metabolites of Steroid Hormones in the Human Subject. V. Isolation of 5α-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol from Meconium

Pregnanediol (3α,20α-dihydroxy-5β-pregnane) has been isolated and identified from pools of meconium excreted by male and female infants during the first 24 hr after birth. From 85 to 95% of the steroid was obtained from the sulfate fraction and 5–15% from the glucosiduronate fraction. The isolation of pregnanediol from meconium offers further evidence of fetal metabolism of this steroid, and of the importance of the role of the sulfate conjugate in fetal physiology. The detection of small amounts of pregnanediol in the glucosiduronate fraction indicates that pregnanediol may be a substrate of glucuronyl transferase in the human fetus.
Aminated and Cyanated Perylene Mono- and Diimides: Liquid Crystalline Electron Donors and Acceptors for Organic Photonics and Electronics

The development of organic photonics and electronics has fueled the need for stable chromophores that can undergo photoinduced electron transfer reactions to yield stable radical ion intermediates. Derivatives of perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) and perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI) are especially intriguing because they show exceptional chemical and photochemical stability. These molecules and their derivatives have been used as building blocks for molecular switches, wires, and logic gates, as well as organic light-emitting diodes, light-harvesting arrays, photorefractive thin films, and solar cells. Much of this work has benefited greatly from the distinct electronic absorption spectra that the radical ions of these molecules exhibit, and their ability to self-assemble into extended structures. The former makes it possible to easily identify these radical ion intermediates in complex electron transfer reactions, while the latter offers the possibility of self-assembling photofunctional materials. The photophysical and redox properties of these molecules can be manipulated by functionalizing the perylene core with electron donating and accepting functional groups. For example, substitution of the 1,7-positions of PDI, or the 9-position of PMI with N-cycloalkylamines, such as N-pyrrolidine, produces chromophores in which the lowest energy electronic transition acquires significant charge transfer character and moves to substantially longer wavelengths relative to those of PMI or PDI. Moreover, the one-electron oxidation potentials become significantly less positive, making these derivatives excellent electron donors in donor-acceptor materials. Substitution of the corresponding positions with cyano groups leads to the cyanated chromophores CN2PDI, CNPMI, and CN3PMI. These molecules are powerful, yet stable, photochemical oxidants for use in novel photonic and electronic materials. Liquid crystalline derivatives of 1,7-cyano and 1,7-bis(N-pyrrolidinyl)PDI self-assemble into ordered structures.
13C NMR studies of glycolysis in intra- and extra-erythrocytic Babesia microti.

Abstract Metabolism in the erythrocytes of normal mice and mice infected with Babesia microti has been monitored non-invasively by high resolution 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The conversion of [U- 13 C]glucose to lactate in both normal and infected cells together with the effect of the trypanocidal drug, 4,4′-diamidinodiazoaminobenzene diaceturate, on glycolytic rates were monitored. These studies show that erythrocytes utilize [U- 13 C]glucose at a rate of 3 × 10 −12 μ mol cell −1 min −1 at 35°C while parasitized cells consume 2.9 × 10 −11 μ mol cell −1 min −1 and produce lactate as the sole end-product. This rate decreases to 9 × 10 −12 μ mol cell −1 min −1 on the addition of 0.75 mM drug.
Local perceptions and values for a midwestern river corridor

Rivers are vital natural corridors under increasing environmental pressure from rural development. This study addressed rural resident's perceptions and values, including their preferences for and attitudes toward riparian landscapes. Study participants were 120 rural property owners living in two communities near the River Raisin of southeastern Michigan. They completed a mailed survey which included a schematic diagram to determine their perceptions of those landscapes which form the river corridor, a photo-questionnaire to measure preference for scenes typical of the river corridor, and written questions to assess perceptions of both positive and negative characteristics of riverfront land. The results showed that local residents see the river corridor as four inter-connected zones: the river, woods, farms and built areas. New residents showed significantly higher preference for more natural areas, such as woods and river zone, than did long-time residents. Farmers, by contrast, had a higher preference for less natural landscapes such as farms and built areas. Residents' landscape preference related more to their surrounding landscape-type than to the actual distance between their home and the river, although water quality problems were felt more strongly by those living near the river. The results point to the need to consider the riparian corridor as a series of inter-connected landscapes in planning efforts. Decisions about protection and development in these zones require not only an ecological understanding of these resources but an appreciation of the residents' values as well.
New jobs in agricultural climatology

During the past century's expansion of agriculture over the United States, many broad facts regarding the climate and its relation to agriculture have been learned both by the farmers' practical experience and by well-directed scientific study. But we are now entering an era in which more information is needed to increase the efficiency of agriculture and to meet the many readjustments which are taking place in our farming systems.
Advance notice of real-time electricity prices

Many utilities are offering real-time pricing (RTP) to their large industrial customers. Under RTP, hourly rates change with real-time supply and demand. As compared to fixed rates, RTP shifts price risk from the utility to the customer. With such a change, it is natural to ask if there is an optimal level of advance notice of prices. This paper contains a simulation of real-time rates for industrial customers with and without advance notice of prices. Advance notice is valuable to customers who can increase elasticity of substitution. This value must be weighed against the cost to the electric utility from an increase in demand forecast error. The simulation suggests that day-ahead advance notice increases welfare for reasonable magnitudes of customer elasticity and utility forecast error.
Analytical method for the effects of the asteroid belt on planetary orbits

Analytic expressions are derived for the perturbation of planetary orbits due to a thick constant-density asteroid belt. The derivations include extensions and adaptations of Plakhov's (1968) analytic expressions for the perturbations in five of the orbital elements for closed orbits around Saturn's rings. The equations of Plakhov are modified to include the effect of ring thickness, and additional equations are derived for the perturbations in the sixth orbital element, the mean anomaly. The gravitational potential and orbital perturbations are derived for the asteroid belt with and without thickness, and for a hoop approximation to the belt. The procedures are also applicable to Saturn's rings and the newly discovered rings of Uranus. The effects of the asteroid belt thickness on the gravitational potential coefficients and the orbital motions are demonstrated. Comparisons between the Mars orbital perturbations obtained by using the analytic expressions and those obtained by numerical integration are discussed. The effects of the asteroid belt on earth-based ranging to Mars are also demonstrated.
Nitrifying population densities and inhibition of ammonium oxidation in natural and sewage-enriched cypress swamps

Abstract The occurrence of autotrophic nitrifiers in the peat from the floors of a natural cypress dome, a cypress dome receiving deep artesian groundwater, and two cypress domes amended with secondary treated sewage effluent, were assessed by surveying their population densities. The absence of ammonium oxidation in the surface waters of the natural dome was due to the low pH and not to any toxic organic chemical effects present in the humic-colored water. This probably explains the low density (0–56 cells cm−3) of autotrophic nitrifiers found associated with the peat from that dome.
Chronic Gastric Electrical Stimulation for Gastroparesis Reduces the Use of Prokinetic and/or Antiemetic Medications and the Need for Hospitalizations

To investigate the effect of chronic gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on the daily use of prokinetics and antiemetics, hospitalizations, total symptom score (TSS), SF-36 status for health-related quality of life (HQOL), and gastric emptying of a solid meal, we evaluated 37 gastroparetic patients preoperatively and 1 year after undergoing GES implant. Prokinetic and antiemetic use was significantly reduced. Of 27 patients on at least one prokinetic at baseline, 8 were off at 1 year. Twenty-six patients requiring antiemetics before surgery decreased to 17. Mean TSS was significantly reduced and the reduction for patients off medications was significantly better than for patients still on medications. Overall SF-36 scores for HQOL were significantly improved, and patients off antiemetics had a significantly higher HQOL score than for patients on antiemetics at 1 year. Hospitalizations decreased from 50 ± 10 days for the year prior to GES therapy to 14± 3 days (P < 0.05). However, gastric emptying was not significantly improved. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Chronic GES significantly reduced the use of prokinetic/antiemetic medications and the need for hospitalization in gastropraretic patients, whose clinical and quality of life outcomes also significantly improved (2) These data provide evidence of the positive economic impact of this new therapy on long-term clinical outcomes in gastroparetic patients not responding to standard medical therapy.
Percolation and Conduction

Extensions of percolation theory to treat transport are described. Resistor networks, from which resistors are removed at random, provide the natural generalization of the lattice models for which percolation thresholds and percolation probabilities have previously been considered. The normalized conductance, $G$, of such networks proves to be a sharply defined quantity with a characteristic concentration dependence near threshold which appears sensitive only to dimensionality. Numerical results are presented for several families of $3D$ and $2D$ network models. Except close to threshold, the models based on bond percolation are accurately described by a simple effective medium theory, which can also treat continuous media or situations less drastic than the percolation models, for example, materials in which local conductivity has a continuous distribution of values. The present calculations provide the first quantitative test of this theory. A "Green's function" derivation of the effective medium theory, which makes contact with similar treatments of disordered alloys, is presented. Finally, a general expression for the conductance of a percolation model is obtained which relates $G$ to the spin-stiffness coefficient, $D$, of an appropriately defined model dilute ferromagnet. We use this relationship to argue that the "percolation channels" through which the current flows above threshold must be regarded as three dimensional.
Variable synthesis and expression of E alpha and Ae (E beta) Ia polypeptide chains in mice of different H-2 haplotypes.

The genetic and molecular requirements for cell-surface expression of Ia antigens precipitated by anti-I-E subregion sera have been examined. Inbred mice of thed, k, p, andr haplotypes synthesize and express on their lymphocytes the two I-region products normally found in anti-I-E-subregion immunoprecipitates, Eα and Ae (Eβ). Cells from mice of theb ands haplotypes fail to synthesize Eα chains but do synthesize Ae chains, which remain in the cytoplasm as partially glycosylated precursors. Cells of thef andq haplotypes fail to synthesize either the Ae or Eα polypeptide chains, as shown by both genetic complementation tests and analyses of total cell proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The patterns of expression of the intact Eα:Ae complex are consistent with the theory that both the Ae and Eα polypeptide chains must be present in the cells for either chain to be expressed in normal amounts on the cell surface. The implications of these observations for the genetics ofI-region-controlled functions are discussed.
Potassium Uptake by Corn and Soybean, Recycling to Soil, and Impact on Soil Test Potassium

Research is needed to quantify better plant nutrients recycling to the soil. This study investigated K recycling by corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from physiological maturity (PM) to spring. Aboveground plant samples were collected from 19 Iowa K field response trials (33 sites years for corn and 14 for soybean). Dry matter (DM) yield and K accumulation were measured in vegetative tissue at PM, in all tissues at grain harvest, and in residue four times until spring. Soil test K (STK) was measured at grain harvest each year and in the last 2 yr the following spring. On average, K accumulation in grain or residue at harvest was 68 and 34 kg K ha⁻¹ in soybean and 29 and 52 kg K ha⁻¹ in corn. The K accumulation increase from fertilization was more frequent and greater in residue than in grain (60 and 9% for soybean and 57 and 7% for corn). Potassium accumulated in vegetative tissue at PM that remained in residue 2 mo after harvest was 50% in corn and 19% in soybean and decreased to 31 and 12% by April. The K loss decreased as precipitation increased (R² 0.64 for soybean and 0.38 for corn) and affected more the K loss in soybean than corn. Soil test K increased from fall to spring, and the increase was related to the K lost from residue (r² 0.56 in soybean and 0.16 in corn). Crop type and precipitation strongly influenced K recycling and affected STK temporal variation.
Analysis of naturally produced technetium and plutonium in geologic materials.

In uncontaminated natural materials, plutonium and technetium exist exclusively as products (daughters) of nuclear reactions in which uranium is the principal reactant (parent). Under conditions of chemical stability over geologic periods of time, the relative abundances of daughter and parent elements are fixed by the rates of nuclear reactions and the decay of the daughter radionuclide. The state of this nuclear secular equilibrium condition is the primary basis of the geochemical study of these elements in nature. Thus, it is critical that nuclear parent and daughter abundances are measured in the same sample. We have developed a quantitative procedure for measuring subpicogram quantities of plutonium and technetium in gram quantities of geologic matrices such as uranium ores. The procedure takes advantage of the aggressive properties of sodium peroxide/hydroxide fusion to ensure complete dissolution and homogenization of complex materials, the precision provided by isotope dilution techniques, and the...
Halomethyl-metal compounds X. The reaction of organosilicon, organogermanium and organotin hydrides with phenyl(trihalomethyl)mercury compounds☆

Abstract The reaction of phenyl(trihalomethyl)mercury compounds, C6H5HgCX2Br (X=Cl and Br), with organosilicon and organogermanium hydrides in benzene at 80° results in insertion of CCl2 and CBr2, respectively, into the Si—H and Ge—H bonds to give Si—CX2H and Ge—CX2H compounds. Triethylgermane was found to be four times more reactive than triethylsilane, and triethylsilane was 0.8 times as reactivate as cyclohexene. Evidence was obtained which suggest that dihalocarbenes (free or complexed) are involved as intermediates in these reactions. Tri-n-butyltin hydride reduced the C-Br bond of C6H5HgCX2Br mercurials, and C6H5HgCCl2H, C6H5HgCClBrH and C6H5HgCBr2H were prepared and characterized. However, this is not a practical preparative route to these mercurials.