cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Technology and Community Partnerships to Improve Educator Preparation: Changing the Landscape for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This chapter describes how an institution of higher education, Bowling Green State University (BGSU), partnered with the Ohio Center for Autism and Low Incidence (OCALI), a quasi-governmental agency, to meet the training needs of the local, state, national, and international community by providing an online autism spectrum disorders (ASD) certificate program. This curriculum incorporates and builds on OCALI's numerous on-line learning modules specifically focused on ASD that were developed by experts in the field of autism. Today over one hundred individuals from eight states and three countries have completed the comprehensive certificate ASD program through BGSU. This program is one example of how technology has broadened the outreach of educational preparation in ASD from local to national and international audiences.
Affective development of gifted students with nontraditional talents

Children, whose talents and gifts exist in those domains distinct from the intellectual, academic, and athletic realms should still be considered gifted. They are especially talented in one or more areas of human pursuit although their talent is reflected in domains unique from those customarily served by schools; and their social and emotional development appears to be unique. Such young people are in particular danger for generalized school failure, for the manifestation of a variety of social and emotional problems, and are at risk for underdevelopment and occasionally even denial of their talent. Case study data are used to examine this conundrum and its potentially negative effects on individual student's emotional self‐development. Included are explorations of several interventions for enhancing affective growth among a group of students that is triply different from their peers.
Wavelength-dependent Raman scattering of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon with red, green, and blue light excitation

This study presents results of wavelength-dependent Raman scattering from amorphous silicon carbon (a-Si:C:H). The a-Si:C:H films were produced by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Prior results with amorphous carbon indicate that laser excitation selectively probes clusters with differing sizes. Our measurements with a-Si:C:H indicate that when using red (632.8 nm), green (514.5 nm), and blue (488.0 nm) excitation, the Raman D and G peaks shift to higher wave numbers as the excitation energy increases. The higher frequency is associated with smaller clusters that are preferentially excited with higher photon energy. It appears that photoluminescence occurs due to radiative recombination from intracluster transitions in Si-alloyed sp 2 -bonded carbon clusters
Role of the Ram Domain and Ankyrin Repeats on Notch Signaling and Activity in Cells of Osteoblastic Lineage

Notch proteins belong to a family of single pass transmembrane receptors that are activated after interactions with the membrane-bound ligands Delta and Jagged/Serrate. We determined the pathways responsible for the inhibitory effects of Notch on osteoblastogenesis and the contributions of the RAM domain and ankyrin repeats to this process in cells of the osteoblastic lineage. Introduction: Notch receptors play a role in osteoblast differentiation. Activation of Notch results in its cleavage and the release of its intracellular domain (NICD), which interacts with the CBF1/RBP-Jκ, Suppressor of Hairless, Lag-1 (CSL) family of transcription factors. The interaction is presumably mediated by the RBP-Jκ–associated module (RAM) of NICD, although the role of the ankyrin repeats is uncertain. Materials and Methods: To determine the contributions of the RAM domain and ankyrin repeats to the inhibitory effects of Notch on osteoblastogenesis, ST-2 and MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected or transduced with vectors expressing NICD, RAM (NICD ΔRAM), and ankyrin (NICD ΔANK) deletion mutants. Results: Notch increased the transactivation of transiently transfected 12xCSL-Luc constructs, containing 12 repeats of an RBP-Jκ/CSL binding site, and of the hairy and E (spl) (HES)-1 promoter. Deletion of the ankyrin repeats resulted in the loss of 12xCSL-Luc and HES-1 promoter transactivation, whereas deletion of the RAM domain caused a partial loss of 12xCSL-Luc and sustained HES-1 promoter transactivation. NICD overexpression inhibited osteocalcin mRNA levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in ST-2 cells, and deletion of the ankyrin repeats, and to a lesser extent of the RAM domain, resulted in loss of the NICD inhibitory effect. NICD inhibited Wnt signaling and deletion of ankyrin repeats or the RAM domain restored Wnt signaling activity. Conclusions: The RAM domain and ankyrin repeats are required for Notch signaling and activity, and the CSL pathway is central to the inhibitory effect of Notch on osteoblastogenesis.
Using Morphology and Syntax Together in Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning of grammar is a problem that can be important in many areas ranging from text preprocessing for information retrieval and classification to machine translation. We describe an MDL based grammar of a language that contains morphology and lexical categories. We use an unsupervised learner of morphology to bootstrap the acquisition of lexical categories and use these two learning processes iteratively to help and constrain each other. To be able to do so, we need to make our existing morphological analysis less fine grained. We present an algorithm for collapsing morphological classes (signatures) by using syntactic context. Our experiments demonstrate that this collapse preserves the relation between morphology and lexical categories within new signatures, and thereby minimizes the description length of the model.
Conclusion: Can We Go Home? Roads Taken, Targets Met, and Lessons Learned on Governance and Organizational Eclecticism in the Public Arena

Organizational eclecticism has characterized much of policy and administrative choices in public governance in the last three decades. This concluding article addresses this phenomenon and argues that roads have been taken, targets have been met, and many lessons have been learned in organizing and managing public sector governance, as the articles in this Symposium demonstrate. In the process, experiments have been conducted, some with success, while others with failure, leading to a proliferation of eclectic choices, many unsuited for organizational effectiveness but beneficial to powerful interest groups and politicians, all at the expense of alternative organizational choices and broad-based public interests. Three broad theoretical models/periods are examined, the proliferation of public sector organizational eclecticism is analyzed, and options are suggested concerning alternative organizational choices, resulting in the question: can we go home now?
Hybrids monosomal for human chromosome 5 reveal the presence of a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) carrier with two SMN1 copies on one chromosome.

We have analyzed the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) dosage in 100 parents of children with homozygous SMN1 deletions. Of these parents, 96 (96%) demonstrated the expected one-copy SMN1 carrier genotype. However, four parents (4%) were observed to have a normal two-copy SMN1 dosage. The presence of two intact SMN1 genes in the parent of an affected child indicates either the occurrence of a de novo mutation event or a situation in which one chromosome has two copies of SMN1, whereas the other is null. We have separated individual chromosomes from two of these parents with two-copy SMN1 dosage by somatic cell hybridization and have employed a modified quantitative dosage assay to provide direct evidence that one parent is a two-copy/zero-copy SMN1 carrier, whereas the other parent had an affected child as the result of a de novo mutation. These findings are important for assessing the recurrence risk of parents of children with spinal muscular atrophy and for providing accurate family counseling.
Water adsorption on stoichiometric and defective SnO2(110) surfaces

Water adsorption and dissociation was studied over stoichiometric and defective SnO2 (110) surfaces using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) . Water is the only desorbing species observed in TDS, and the amount of dissociation is dependent on surface condition. A surface with a limited density of in-plane oxygen vacancies was found to give the highest dissociation probability for water. The local defect environment plays a considerable role in the activity of SnO2(110) surfaces for the heterolytic dissociation of water.
Particle abundances in our Universe: Deterministic, or randomly determined via quantum cosmology or inflationary quantum fluctuations?

There is a rather large class of particle species that may never achieve a thermal abundance after inflation. The abundance, relative to photons, of these particles (if stable), or the stable decay products from these particles, or the abundances of thermal relics diluted by an entropy-producing decay of such a particle, may not be possible to uniquely predict, even with full knowledge of the fundamental physics. Quantum cosmology, or inflationary quantum fluctuations, enables random processes to manifest themselves on very large scales, well beyond our horizon. Particle abundances that are not completely fixed by thermodynamics may be linked to these random processes, and significant large-scale variations in particle abundances may be realized without the exceedingly tiny probabilities that are associated with purely thermal processes. It is known that certain axion models may not yield a unique prediction for the axion abundance. After reviewing and further analyzing the axion case, we explore other models of particle species in which the element of chance may play a nontrivial role in determining the relic abundance. It appears that any relic abundance can be significantly affected by random processes, depending upon the details of the particle physics. Specific examples studied in this paper include baryons, monopoles, other possible supermassive relics, gravitons, scalar field relics, and shadow matter. Also examined is the entropy-producing decay of a nonthermal relic, which may adjust the densities of all other frozen-out relics (e.g., supersymmetric relics), relative to the photon abundance, by a random amount. Simple models are provided in which the probability distributions of relic abundances relative to photons are explicitly calculated, and the possibility of obtaining a wide variety of abundances with modest changes in the probability is demonstrated.
Using Non-trivial Logic Implications for Trace Buffer-Based Silicon Debug

An effective silicon debug technique uses a trace buffer to monitor and capture a portion of the circuit response during its functional, post-silicon operation. Due to the limited space of the available trace buffer, selection of the critical trace signals plays an important role in both minimizing the number of signals traced and maximizing the observability/restorability of other untraced signals during post-silicon validation. This paper presents a new method for trace buffer signal selection for the purpose of post-silicon debug. The selection is performed by favoring those signals with the most number of implications that are not implied by other signals. Then, based on the values of the traced signals during silicon debug, we introduce an algorithm which uses a SAT-based multi-node implication engine to restore the values of untraced signals across multiple time-frames. Experimental results for sequential benchmark circuits showed that the proposed approach selects the trace signals effectively, giving a high restoration percentage compared with other techniques.
International Trade under Structural Disequilibrium

I. Two kinds of disequilibrium, 522. — II. Some aberrations of analysis, 526. — III. The correction of structural disequilibrium, 529.
Determination of micro amounts of zinc, phosphorus, and sulfur in oil-additive decomposition films on bearings

Abstract Methods have been developed for the determination of microgram amounts of zinc, phosphorus, and sulfur on individual bearing balls, from 0 to 20 μg. Even though chemical analysis shows that the film composition varies from ball to ball within a given set of bearing balls, the microchemical method has served to establish standard values for sets of balls, and thus to permit accurate calibration of the X-ray fluorescence equipment.
Electronic Libraries: What Price Research?

Improving the means of document delivery has been a traditional concern to library administrators. Two other concerns have been the speedy identification of and the locating of materials of interest to patrons. Current advances in computer technology are helping librarians meet all three concerns.
Alkanethiolate-Protected Copper Nanoparticles: Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Solid-State Morphological Evolution†

Copper nanoparticles protected by alkanethiolate monolayers were prepared in a one-phase system using superhydride as the reducing reagent. The as-produced nanoparticles were typically found within the size range of 1−2 nm in diameter and of spherical shape. UV−vis and FTIR spectroscopies were carried out to investigate the particle optoelectronic properties and the molecular conformations of the protecting monolayers. Electrochemistry was used to study their quantized charging properties in solutions where the nanoparticle molecular capacitance was evaluated. When the particles were subject to mild-temperature thermal annealing in solid state, large (>10 nm) nanocrystals emerged with well-define facets and distinct surface morphologies. While the majority of the nanocrystals were spherical, other crystal shapes such as hexagons, pentagons, diamonds, triangles, and even rods were very visible. Discussion of the molecular mechanism for the shape evolution is presented.
Template synthesized poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanowire surfaces for neural tissue engineering

Tissue engineering therapies targeted at nerve regeneration in spinal cord injuries (SCI) have broad social and economic benefits to the American population. Due to the complicated pathophysiology of SCI, there are very few options available for functional regeneration of the spinal column. Nanotechnology offers interesting avenues to explore tissue engineering in SCI. In this study, we have developed a novel solvent free nanotemplating technique for fabricating poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) surfaces with controlled arrays of high aspect ratio substrate-bound nanowires for the growth and maintenance of differentiated states of neuronal cells. PC12 cells were used to evaluate the ability of nanowire surfaces to promote neuronal phenotypic behavior. Cell adhesion, proliferation and viability were investigated for up to 4 days of culture using fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT activity. Our results indicate significantly higher cell adhesion and subsequent proliferation and viability of PC12 cells cultured on nanowire surfaces as compared to control surfaces without any nanoarchitecture. Further, the adhered cells were maintained in a differentiated state for 7 days and neuronal network formation and expression of neuronal markers were investigated using fluorescence microscopy, SEM and immunofluorescence. Cells on nanowire surfaces expressed key neuronal markers and demonstrated neuronal phenotypic behavior as compared to the cells on control surfaces.
Relationships between peroxidase, IAA oxidase and polyphenol oxidase

Abstract Peroxidase, IAA oxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities were detected in tobacco cells in suspension culture. Using gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and disc gel electrophoresis, it was concluded that IAA oxidase activity is entirely due to peroxidases. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase zymograms using anionic gel separation were also similar, but the occurrence of true polyphenol oxidases, distinct from peroxidase, was demonstrated by cationic disc gel electrophoresis and gel filtration.
Transverse Homoclinic Connections for Geodesic Flows

Given a two dimensional Riemannian manifold for which the geodesic flow has a homoclinic (heteroclinic) connection, we show how to make a C 2 small perturbation of the metric for which the connection becomes transverse. We apply this result to several examples.
Environmental fate and ecotoxicology of fenpropathrin.

Fenpropathrin ((RS)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate; Fig. 1) is a racemic mixture, broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide, and acaricide. Discovered by Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd., then developed by Valent USA, fenpropathrin was the first of the light-stable pyrethroids to be produced. First synthesized in 1971 and commercialized in 1980 (Davies 1985), the technical product (90 % purity) is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (30.9 % active ingredient) and is registered in California as Danitol 2.4 EC Spray and Tame 2.4 EC Spray (CDPR 2012b). It is classified as a type II pyrethroid, characterized by the addition of a cyano group at the benzylic carbon. Such α-cyano pyrethroids have enhanced insecticidal activity because of their affinity for voltage-gated membrane channels (Bailey 2009). Synonymous chemical and common names include: α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxylate; Danitol; Danitrol; Fenpropanate; Herald; Meothrin; Rody; S 3206; SD 41706; WL 41706; XE-938; Fenpropathrine; Kilumal; and Ortho Danitol (Kegley et al. 2012). In this chapter, we will discuss fenpropathrin’s uses, its mechanism of toxic action, physical and chemical properties, environmental fate, and ecotoxicology.
Foreground and background interaction with sensor-enhanced mobile devices

Building on Buxton's foreground/background model, we discuss the importance of explicitly considering both foreground interaction and background interaction, as well as transitions between foreground and background, in the design and implementation of sensing techniques for sensor-enhanced mobile devices. Our view is that the foreground concerns deliberate user activity where the user is attending to the device, while the background is the realm of inattention or split attention, using naturally occurring user activity as an input that allows the device to infer or anticipate user needs. The five questions for sensing systems of Bellotti et al. [2002] proposed as a framework for this special issue, primarily address the foreground, but neglect critical issues with background sensing. To support our perspective, we discuss a variety of foreground and background sensing techniques that we have implemented for sensor-enhanced mobile devices, such as powering on the device when the user picks it up, sensing when the user is holding the device to his ear, automatically switching between portrait and landscape display orientations depending on how the user is holding the device, and scrolling the display using tilt. We also contribute system architecture issues, such as using the foreground/background model to handle cross-talk between multiple sensor-based interaction techniques, and theoretical perspectives, such as a classification of recognition errors based on explicitly considering transitions between the foreground and background. Based on our experiences, we propose design issues and lessons learned for foreground/background sensing systems.
Effects of aflatoxin on reproduction in Swine.

SummaryFive male and 5 female Duroc pigs 12-14 weeks of age were fed a practical type of ration containing 450 parts per billion aflatoxin B1. At 8 months of age a reproduction experiment was conducted while the animals were continued on the same aflatoxin ration. Weight gains and spermatogenesis were normal in the 5 young males which were autopsied after 248 days on test. A questionable microscopic lesion of the hepatocytes in 3 of 5 boars was the only microscopic abnormality detected. The 5 females were autopsied after 325 days on test which included the periods of growth, pregnancy, and lactation, all of which were normal. Microscopic lesions were present in the livers of each sow, but were minimal in severity. Pigs weaned at 6 weeks of age from the females fed the aflatoxin ration were normal in size and number per litter and no microscopic lesions were detected.
Current and future trends in artificial intelligence architectures and programming languages

LISP and four procedural HLPLs (high-level programming languages) are evaluated in terms of their suitability, based on execution efficiency, for coding AI-related problems. The Micro-VAX II is the target machine for this evaluation. Ada and C were found to be suitable HLPLs for coding AI-related problems that are to be executed on conventional machines. It is noted that the solutions to execution-intensive AI-related problems must include the development of better algorithms and massively parallel architectures. >
Five Year Evaluation of the Student Diversity Program: A Retrospective Quasi-Experiment

The Student Diversity Program (SDP) initially delivered academic and social support to Black student athletes, but expanded to include a more diverse group of students at risk of disqualification. ...
Developmental Separation of V(D)J Recombinase Expression and Initiation of IgH Recombination in B Lineage Progenitors In Vivo

In B lineage progenitors, V(D)J recombination occurs only during distinct stages of development and is restricted to immunoglobulin loci. This process is thought to be controlled by both regulated expression of the V(D)J recombinase and by limited accessibility of target loci to the recombinase complex. However, it is unknown whether these two processes occur concomitantly in developing B lineage progenitors or whether these events are temporally distinct and, therefore, potentially independently regulated. To distinguish between these possibilities, we developed a transgenic V(D)J recombination substrate that is not governed by the same chromatin remodeling constraints as endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) loci and examined the requirements for V(D)J recombination to initiate in early B lineage progenitors. We find that single B lineage precursors express an active V(D)J recombinase in vivo before the stage when IgH rearrangements are frequently detectable. Our results indicate that the onset of recombinase activity and the initiation of IgH recombination are developmentally distinct events in the B lineage.
Use of buildup and energy-minimization procedures to compute low-energy structures of the backbone of enkephalin.

A method for the conformational analysis of a polypeptide, using buildup and energy-minimization procedures, is presented. It has been tested by computing the conformation of the backbone of Met-enkephalin, a pentapeptide, and comparing the results with those obtained by a Monte Carlo procedure. The agreement between the results of the two different methods indicates that the multiple-minima problem has been overcome for the enkephalin molecule (with fixed side-chain conformations). The buildup procedure uses objective criteria, which should be applicable to the conformational analysis of polypeptides much larger than enkephalin. With anticipated advances in supercomputers, the methodology should be applicable to proteins.
Linear mode locking and the structure of lasing modes in random lasers

Summary form only given. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the relation between the properties of normal modes of the passive component of the lasing medium and characteristics of the laser oscillations such as lasing threshold, or the spatial structure of the lasing modes.
Calcification of Annulus of Tricuspid Valve (Observation in Two Patients with Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis)

Two cases of calcification of the tricuspid valve annulus in adults are presented. In both instances right ventricular pressure was markedly elevated. The calcification was demonstrated by image intensification fluoroscopy or laminography and was not recognized on the conventional chest films. There was no associated abnormality of tricuspid valve function. In contrast to the more common finding of calcification of the mitral valve annulus, this is to our knowledge the first report of tricuspid annulus calcification. Its possible pathogenesis is described. This finding may serve as a clue to the presence of long-standing, severe right ventricular hypertension secondary to pulmonary stenosis.
Stability of plane waves on deep water with dissipation

The Benjamin-Feir modulational instability effects the evolution of perturbed plane-wave solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS), the modified NLS, and the band-modified NLS. Recent work demonstrates that the Benjamin-Feir instability in NLS is ''stabilized'' when a linear term representing dissipation is added. In this paper, we add a linear term representing dissipation to the modified NLS and band-modified NLS equations and establish that the plane-wave solutions of these equations are linearly stable. Although the plane-wave solutions are stable, some perturbations grow for a finite period of time. We analytically bound this growth and present approximate time-dependent regions of wave-number space that correspond to perturbations that have increasing amplitudes.
Genioglossal but not palatal muscle activity relates closely to pharyngeal pressure.

The stimuli controlling pharyngeal dilator muscles are poorly defined. Local mechanoreceptors are a leading possibility. To address this, we assessed the relationship between two dilator muscle electromyograms (EMGs, i.e., genioglossus [GG-an inspiratory phasic muscle], tensor palatini [TP-a tonically active muscle]) and potential stimuli (i.e., epiglottic pressure [Pepi], airflow [V], and pharyngeal resistance [Rpha]). Fifteen normal subjects were studied, during wakefulness and stable non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The GGEMG and TPEMG were assessed during basal breathing and during inspiratory resistive loading (four loads, done in triplicate), while quantifying Pepi and choanal pressures (Pcho, Millar catheters) plus V. There was a strong correlation between Pepi and GGEMG during wakefulness in most subjects (9 of 15 had absolute R > 0.7 [p 0.6 [p < 0.05], group mean R = -0.39, ns). The slope of the Pepi versus GGEMG relationship was greater during wakefulness than sleep (-0.67 versus -0.39% max/ cm H(2)O, p < 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between TPEMG and any of the measured potential stimuli. We conclude that intrapharyngeal pressure may modulate genioglossus activity during wakefulness, with a fall in muscle responsiveness during sleep. The activity of the TP was not clearly influenced by any measured local stimulus either awake or asleep.
Development of a "laminated waveguide"

A waveguide of new structure has been developed for millimeter-wave applications. The dielectric waveguide is constructed with sidewalls consisting of lined via-holes and edges of metallized planes. This structure can be manufactured by lamination techniques, so we refer to the waveguide as a "laminated waveguide". The laminated waveguide can be embedded in a substrate and is able to be wired in three dimensions. The transmission characteristics are evaluated using a glass-ceramic substrate of dielectric constant, /spl epsiv//sub r/=5, and loss, tan /spl delta/=0.0008. Insertion loss per unit length of the guide is estimated to be less than 0.5 dB/cm at 83 GHz. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the laminated waveguide is suitable to feeding lines for a small sized plane array antenna. By electromagnetic simulation, it has been confirmed that fundamental structures, such as bends, branches, power dividers, and interconnections between upper and lower layers can be realized with sufficient performances.
Apolipoprotein A-I therapy promise, challenges, and disappointment.

Since 1988, with the release of the National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel I, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been the primary focus of therapy ([1][1]). Although the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio is a better
Risk Management and the Millennial Generation

This article explores how campuses might approach student risk-management issues, especially in light of the uniques characteristics of the Millennial Generation. Because their parents have tended to make all safety-related decisions for them, the Millennials often lack basic safety skill when they arrive on campus, which can present challenges to campus administrators. Specific topics addressed include students' relationship with helicopter parents, the impact of alcohol and prescription drugs, and special issues related to online social networks.
Agonist-specific impairment of coronary vascular function in genetically altered, hyperlipidemic mice

The objectives of the present study were to 1) examine mechanisms involved in endothelium-dependent responses of coronary arteries from normal mice and 2) determine whether vascular responses of co...
The Past, Present, and Future of Preimplantation Genetic Testing.

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) of oocytes and embryos is the earliest form of prenatal testing. PGT requires in vitro fertilization for embryo creation. In the past 25 years, the use of PGT has increased dramatically. The indications of PGT include identification of embryos harboring single-gene disorders, chromosomal structural abnormalities, chromosomal numeric abnormalities, and mitochondrial disorders; gender selection; and identifying unaffected, HLA-matched embryos to permit the creation of a savior sibling. PGT is not without risks, limitations, or ethical controversies. This review discusses the techniques and clinical applications of different forms of PGT and the debate surrounding its associated uncertainty and expanded use.
The Ability of Sorbent Materials To Adsorb and Retain Organic Liquids Under Landfill Conditions

ABSTRACT A variety of sorbent materials are used in accident cleanup to contain spilled chemicals. The ability of these sorbents to retain liquids after being placed in landfills is dependent on ca...
Optimized Explicit Dissipation Operators for Computational Aeroacoustics

The field of Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) is focused on the accurate simulation of unsteady flow and noise (see Refs.1−4 for reviews of the progress made and challenges for computational aeroacoustics). To achieve this goal, it is necessary to accurately simulate the linear and nonlinear propagation of disturbances as they move, which requires the use of high-accuracy numerical schemes in space and time. These high-accuracy schemes are often optimized for improved wave propagation accuracy with few grid points per wavelength of a simple harmonic wave. The optimization methods for wave propagation are designed to minimize the magnitude of the error in the predicted wave speed, allowing the waves to propagate either faster or slower than the exact value. At some point as the number of grid points per wavelength decreases, the numerical scheme will not adequately predict the unsteady dynamics of the flow. This will result in excessive errors in wave speed, viscous damping, and nonlinear wave interactions. The presence of these unresolved disturbances will reduce the accuracy of the overall solution. Thus, it is desirable to selectively remove unresolved disturbances from the flow solution without altering the resolved flow disturbances. This is the goal of artificial dissipation. Artificial dissipation is a nonphysical term added to the governing equations, designed to damp unresolved disturbances from the solution. Just as numerical schemes are
Low temperature oxidation of methane in a nanosecond pulsed plasma discharge

A study of the low temperature chemistry of methane oxidation in a nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharge is undertaken. Both laser absorption spectroscopy measurements of temperature and formaldehyde, as well as gas chromatograph sampling of major products are used to evaluate the kinetic mechanism of a stoichiometric methane/oxygen mixture with 75% helium dilution. In addition, a predictive tool for calculating electron collision reactions, excited and ionized species reactions, and combustion reactions has been built. A model for methane, oxygen, and helium plasma has been assembled for use with this new tool, and is incorporated with a low temperature combustion mechanism. Comparisons between the model and the measured species are in agreement for CH4 and O2 consumption, as well as production of H2O, CO, CO2, and H2. However, CH2O, CH3OH, C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2 are not accurately predicted. Path flux analysis reveals that methane oxidation proceeds through one of two intermediates: CH3 or CH2, which are created primarily by electron collision reactions and H-abstraction reactions by plasma-generated radicals. The major species resulting from CH2 oxidation are generally well predicted, while those resulting from methyl oxidation are poorly predicted. Thus, further investigation of low temperature (400-500 K) methyl reactions, particularly the consumption pathways of CH3O2, are needed to bring the model into agreement with the present measurements.
Seals and Emblems of North American Entomological Societies

While judging suggestions and drawings for a proposed seal for one of the entomological societies, little information was found on official seals. Some of the drawings submitted resembled seals of other entomological societies with which we were familiar, and to avoid duplication, a survey was made of all the entomological organizations of the U.S. and Canada. The results are summarized here.
Duplicate prescription system to facilitate communication between a hospital pharmacy and community pharmacies

A duplicate prescription system which enables a university hospital pharmacist to fill a copy of the prescription and return the original prescription to the patient for obtaining continuing supplies in his local community is described. The system is based on a prescription form and carbon duplicate with designated space for notations, and clarifications by the pharmacist. Instructions for use of the form and a statement that the prescription copy cannot be filled legally at any other pharmacy assures that the system will not be misused. The system helps assure that an initial quantity of medication is obtained by the patient before he leaves the hospital. Time spent by patients and prescribers in establishing initial and continuing supplies of medication is decreased under the system. The system is of substantial benefit to patients and health care providers.
Unveiling Variables in Systems of Linear Equations.

Motivated by emerging applications including vehicular traffic networks and crowdsourcing systems, we introduce the Unveil problem defined as follows: given a system of linear equations with less equations than unknowns (i.e., an underdetermined system), identify a set of k variables to query their values so that the number of variables that can be uniquely deduced in the new system is maximized. In this paper, we study the complexity of the Unveil problem and several of its variants and we obtain the following results. In Unveil, when the variables of the linear system take real values, then the problem is NP-hard to solve or even approximate. These inapproximability results carry over to the case where the queries may involve linear combinations of variables. When the variables in the linear equations are binary, then the corresponding binary version of the Unveil problem becomes coNP-hard to solve or even approximate. In order to explore the practical significance of our formulation we also develop a set of heuristics for the basic Unveil problem and demonstrate that choosing the queried variables using heuristic algorithms is much more effective than random querying.
18 Development of psychological abuse through adolescence

Statement of purpose Very few studies have examined dating violence over time, with even less known about psychological abuse. We examine the development of psychological abuse perpetration through 4 years of adolescence; influences on growth factors of time-invariant predictors; and change of psychological abuse due to time-varying effects of hostility, controlling for time-invariant predictors. Methods/approach 958 ethnically diverse adolescents from multiple schools participated (57% female, mean age = 16.1). The CADRI measured past-year psychological abuse perpetration. Gender, ethnicity, family composition, and parental education served as time-invariant variables to predict initial abuse and growth rate. Hostility (SCL-90) at each wave served as time-varying variable. Results Unconditional liner model fit was acceptable, x2(df = 5) = 11.47, p Conclusions Overall, the developmental trend of psychological abuse perpetration decreased over time. Gender and ethnicity were associated with initial psychological abuse but not significantly associated with developmental trend. Hostility at each wave was associated with time-specific increases in psychological abuse perpetration. Significance and contributions Hostility can play a role as risk factor, actively delaying the normative decrease of psychological abuse perpetration over adolescence.
Prenatal Morphine Exposure and Sleep-Wake Disturbances in the Fetus

We have previously shown that acute exposure to low-dose morphine stimulates arousal and breathing movements in the fetal lamb. We now report on the effects of subacute low-dose morphine exposure on the regulation of fetal sleep-wake behavior and breathing patterns. Morphine was infused to 11 fetal lambs (121-129 days gestation) at a constant rate of 400 micrograms/h for 7 days via a mini osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously in the maternal flank and connected directly to an indwelling catheter in the fetal vena cava. On day 1, morphine resulted in a state of arousal in all fetuses, with loss of quiet sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This response was greatly reduced by day 2 and was insignificant by day 3, despite continuous drug exposure. There was no decrease in plasma morphine levels. Two fetuses died during morphine exposure. Upon removal of the pump, all fetuses exhibited disturbances in their sleep cycles within 1-3 h, with an increase in arousal time and loss of REM sleep. The duration of the arousal and quiet sleep episodes was also greatly reduced. Such disturbances were noted for 3-4 days after termination of morphine infusion. Four fetuses were delivered prematurely (131-136 days) during this period. These results demonstrate the rapid onset of tolerance to low-dose morphine exposure in the fetus and the development of physical dependence, as manifested by a mild abstinence syndrome characterized by sleep-wake disturbances.
Fractional Schrödinger Dynamics and Decoherence

Abstract We study the dynamics of the Schrodinger equation with a fractional Laplacian ( − Δ ) α , and the decoherence of the solution is observed. Analytically, we obtain equations of motion for the expected position and momentum in the fractional Schodinger equation, equations that are the fractional counterpart of the well-known Newtonian equations of motion for the standard ( α = 1 ) Schrodinger equation. Numerically, we propose an explicit, effective numerical method for solving the time-dependent fractional nonlinear Schrodinger equation—a method that has high order spatial accuracy, requires little memory, and has low computational cost. We apply our method to study the dynamics of fractional Schrodinger equation and find that the nonlocal interactions from the fractional Laplacian introduce decoherence into the solution. The local nonlinear interactions can however reduce or delay the emergence of decoherence. Moreover, we find that the solution of the standard NLS behaves more like a particle, but the solution of the fractional NLS behaves more like a wave with interference effects.
Mill Speed as a Manipulated Variable for Ball Mill Grinding Control

Abstract The effectiveness of grinding control strategies is limited, at least in part, by a lack of fast acting, non-interactive variables which may be manipulated in response to disturbances. Currently used manipulated variables include feed rate, water additions and pumping rates. Because of the highly interactive nature of control loops based on these variables the effectiveness of current strategies is suboptimal In the current study the feasibility of using mill speed as a manipulated variable is evaluated computationally and experimentally. A control system simulator, DYNAMILL, was used to screen alternative strategies involving the manipulation of mill speed using parameter values obtained in a 0.5 tph computer controlled pilot circuit. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Sizing Things Up: Colloquial Reflection as Practical Wisdom

This essay reintroduces Rhetoric as the principle art for giving emphasis and importance to contested matters; in other words, for making things matter. In a speculative reading of the Aristotelian rhetorical tradition, Aristotle's interpretations of magnitude, contengency and practical wisdom are critically examined from both an aesthetic and an ethical-political point of view. The concluding discussion attempts to apply these same concepts to a growing dilemma in the present age. The dilemma is that monumental changes in scale have all but eroded the prospects for engaged encounters with contemporary contingency. It remains the challenge of rhetorical practice to reframe actions and events so that they and we may hold some hope for an engaged civic life.
System for game enhancement using scene recognition in emulated consoles

This paper investigates the modification of an existing game console emulator utilizing scene recognition to perform audio-visual enhancement of vintage video games. Such games featured low-resolution graphics with limited colors and low-quality electronic music. Information contained about the virtual hardware state information is exploited to provide high-resolution, full-color graphics and a recorded soundtrack, complete with atmospheric effects, in real-time using the original game logic. The system developed as part of this research uses a modified version of the FCEUX emulator for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The system is capable of loading a commercially-released game, marking scenes for later recognition, mapping scenes to audio-visual events, and recognizing those scenes to enable those events. The result is an immersive game experience that far exceeds what was possible in the original game hardware.
Expanding Acquisition and Clutter Filter Dimensions for Improved Perfusion Sensitivity

A method is explored for increasing the sensitivity of power-Doppler imaging without contrast enhancement. We acquire 1–10 s of echo signals and arrange it into a 3-D spatiotemporal data array. An eigenfilter developed to preserve all three dimensions of the array yields power estimates for blood flow and perfusion that are well separated from tissue clutter. This method is applied at high frequency (24-MHz pulses) to a murine model of an ischemic hindlimb. We demonstrate enhancements to tissue perfusion maps in normal and ischemic tissues. The method can be applied to data from any ultrasonic instrument that provides beamformed RF echo data.
Performance of genomic data strategies for cancer precision medicine across distinct contexts and ethnicities.

1500Background: The expanding appeal of clinical tumor profiling has led to many sequencing strategies, ranging from small gene panels to exomes, with or without patient-matched germline data. This diversity of approaches may engender uncertainty about their benefits and liabilities, particularly in light of reported germline false positives in tumor-only profiling, and emerging immunotherapies that leverage genome-wide data. Methods: We modeled common tumor profiling modalities - large (n = 300 genes) and small (n= 15 or 48 genes) panels - onto clinical whole exomes (WES) from 157 patients with lung or colon adenocarcinoma. We created a tumor-only analysis algorithm to assess germline false positives (variants erroneously called as somatic), impact of patient ethnicity on results, and neoantigen detection. Results: The germline false positive rate with tumor-only large panel sequencing was 14% (144/1012 variants). For patients whose results underwent molecular pathologist review, 50/54 (93%) false positi...
Safety analysis using compositional bounded error approximations of communicating hybrid systems

In this paper, we consider the problem of bounded safety verification of networked hybrid systems that communicate during discrete transitions using synchronization actions and input variables that receive information about the state of the communicating automata. We propose a compositional framework based on bounded error approximations which reduces the bounded safety verification to the satisfiability checking problem for a formula that is constructed in a compositional manner, by first constructing formulae that encode the approximate executions of the component hybrid systems, then composing these in a sound manner to obtain a formula encoding the executions of the networked hybrid system, and finally restricting it to encode those executions that reach a given unsafe region. We illustrate the compositional analysis framework on a case study involving an aircraft collision avoidance protocol by using a piecewise bilinear approximation of the system dynamics.
TUIst: A Collaborative and Computationally Enhanced Game Board

TUIst is an interactive game board that hopes to improve collaboration and team building. Based on the familiar and popular game of Twister, TUIst is an interface of multiple circles that have lights and sounds mapped to the sensors to create an audible and visual reaction when an object (most likely a foot or hand) is placed on the corresponding circle. The game controller will allow for audience interception and participation; they will be able to change the rules of how the game is played, such as making players place their right hand on any red circle. This will increase the difficulty of the game. Our hope is that this board will be incorporated in popular and busy spaces, such as campus centers and offices. Our goal is to create an interface that will help foster engagement in communities.
Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer

This chapter offers an analysis of John McNaughton’s Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (1986), a precise and exemplary piece of blank cinema. It demonstrates the blank movement’s use of the serial killer figure as an especially powerful tool for social and political criticism. It is a cinematic work of phenomenological interrogation of a serial murderer.
Constrained Monte Carlo Maximum Likelihood for Dependent Data

Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) in autologistic models and other exponential family models for dependent data can be calculated with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (the Metropolis algorithm or the Gibbs sampler), which simulate ergodic Markov chains having equilibrium distributions in the model. From one realization of such a Markov chain, a Monte Carlo approximant to the whole likelihood function can be constructed. The parameter value (if any) maximizing this function approximates the MLE