cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise Training Enhances Vasodilation Responses to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Porcine Coronary Arterioles Exposed to Chronic Coronary Occlusion

Background— Chronic coronary occlusion (CCO) impairs endothelial function of distal collateral–dependent microvasculature; however, long-term exercise training (EX) seems to improve endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that EX enhances vasodilation responses to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165), mediated via nitric oxide (NO), in arterioles exposed to CCO. Methods and Results— The proximal left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) of female Yucatan miniswine was surgically instrumented with an ameroid occluder to induce CCO; 8 weeks after surgery, animals were randomized into 14-week sedentary (SED) or EX (treadmill; 5 d/wk) protocols. Coronary arterioles (≈100 μm in diameter) were isolated from collateral-dependent (LCx) and nonoccluded (left anterior descending; LAD) perfused myocardium of SED and EX animals. Vasodilation was assessed by videomicroscopy and MacLab data acquisition. Responses to VEGF165 were unaffected by EX in nonoccluded LAD arterioles; in contrast, EX markedly enhanced VEGF...
Maximizing static network lifetime of wireless broadcast ad hoc networks

We investigate the problem of energy-efficient broadcast routing over wireless static ad hoc network where host mobility is not involves. We define the lifetime of a network as the duration of time until the first node failure due to battery depletion. We provide a globally optimal solution to the problem maximizing a static network lifetime through a graph theoretic approach. We also provide extensive comparative simulation studies.
Reflections on Morgan and Bachrach’s critique

In their critique of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a model for human fertility, Morgan and Bachrach (2011) raise a number of concerns that reflect fundamental misconceptions regarding the nature of the theory and its objectives. Their points of criticism demand a response not only because they are misguided and misleading but also because Morgan and Bachrach are not alone to voice them. This criticism is raised with some regularity as a challenge to the TPB’s reasoned-action approach (see Philipov 2011). In fact, in our recent book, Martin Fishbein and I (Fishbein and Ajzen 2010) devoted a whole chapter to these challenges. Some of the relevant issues are dealt with effectively in other contributions to the debate published in this volume. I focus my comments on the criticisms that challenge the basic assumptions underlying the TPB. Although acknowledging certain qualifications, Morgan and Bachrach place the TPB squarely in a class of models that conceptualise fertility as a result of a rational decision-making process. I would first like to put this misconception to rest. It is true, of course, that the TPB emphasises the controlled aspects of human information processing and decision making. Its concern is primarily with behaviours that are goal-directed and steered by conscious self-regulatory processes. In my opinion, and evidently in the views of the other contributors to this volume, fertility-related behaviours are precisely of this kind. The decision to use or not use birth control pills or condoms, to have an abortion, or adopt a child, is neither automatic nor can it be characterised as capricious or thoughtless. Instead, we assume that these kinds of decisions are usually quite reasonable, relying on considerations about the likely consequences of the decision, about expectations of significant others and about possible obstacles. The focus on reasoned action should, however, not be misinterpreted to mean that the TPB posits an impassionate, rational actor who reviews all available information in an unbiased fashion to arrive at a behavioural decision. Importantly, there is no assumption in the TPB that behavioural, normative and control beliefs are formed in a rational, unbiased fashion or that they accurately represent reality. Beliefs reflect the information people have in relation to the performance of a given behaviour, but this information is often inaccurate and incomplete; it may rest on faulty or irrational premises and conclusions, it may be biased by selective
Semiconductor Waveguide Isolators

The monolithic integration of optical isolators with semiconductor lasers has remained an unsolved problem in photonics. Challenges associated with fabrication and incorporation of new materials with conventional III-V semiconductors have resulted in many novel approaches. This paper discusses these different approaches and also presents a summary of our own work on the monolithic integration of optical isolators.
Hypothesis: RNA editing of microRNA target sites in humans?

Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing occurs widely in the human transcriptome, and a large proportion of editing sites are within untranslated regions (UTRs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs), an abundant class of regulatory genes, specify the expression of a large number of target genes by pairing to their 39 UTRs. To study the interplay between these two post-transcriptional events, we developed a computational pipeline to integrate sequence and miRNA tissue specificity data. The results show that some A-to-I RNA editing positions have a potential to block the miRNA:target recognition, although further computational simulation suggests that RNA editing tends to avoid miRNA target sites in general. We propose that a small proportion of RNA editing events may provide an additional layer of control on miRNA-mediated repression. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the functional effect of these special RNA editing events.
Constructing Community: Experiences of Identity, Economic Opportunity, and Institution Building at Boston’s African Meeting House

The African Meeting House in Boston became a center of the city’s free black community during the nineteenth century. Archaeological excavations at this site recovered material from the Meeting House backlot and a neighboring apartment building occupied by black tenants. These artifacts reveal strategies the community used to negotiate a place for themselves, create economic opportunities, and build community institutions. The Meeting House helped foster community success and became a powerful center for African American action on abolition, educational equality, and military integration. The present study argues that the archaeological and historical evidence from the African Meeting House demonstrates the power of the actions of individuals in the black community to counter widespread racial inequality with personal and community success.
BDNF‐activated Sianal Transduction in Rat Cortical Glial Cells

Cortical glial cells in culture were found to be responsive to the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as evidenced by activation of multiple signal transduction processes. BDNF produced an increase in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase tyrosine phosphorylation, MAP kinase activity, intracellular calcium concentration and c-fos expression in the glial cells. Only a subset of the glial cells responded to BDNF, as reflected in single-cell analysis of calcium transients and c-fos expression. BDNF had no detectable effect on glial mitotic activity, as measured by DNA synthesis. In parallel studies, nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 had no effect on signalling in these cultures. BDNF has previously been demonstrated to act via trkB receptors with a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain (gp145trkB). Pretreatment of glial cultures with K252a, which at low concentrations specifically inhibits the trk tyrosine kinases, abolished BDNF effects on MAP kinase stimulation, suggesting that BDNF was acting through gp 145trkB. However, subsequent studies showed that gp 145trkB was expressed at extremely low levels in the cultures: gp145trkB mRNA transcripts could only be detected using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and gp 145trkB protein was not detected by either immunoblotting or immunocytochemistry. On the other hand, the glia expressed significantly higher levels of gp95trkB mRNA and protein, which represent truncated forms of trkB receptors lacking the tyrosine kinase domain. The results of these studies demonstrate that a subset of cultured CNS glia respond to BDNF with the activation of conventional signal transduction processes. The mechanism of BDNF-initiated signal transduction in glial cells most likely involves a relatively small number of gp 145trkB receptors, but involvement of the more abundant truncated gp95trkB receptors cannot be excluded.
Genetic diseases of premature aging as models of senescence.

The aging process and resulting senescence seem likely to have an underlying basis that is in large part encoded in our genes. This is reflected by the wide range of maximal life-span potentials that animal species have attained. They vary from about 1 day in the adult form of the May fly (Ephemera sp, imago form) to more than 150 years in some turtles (Tedudo summeri) (Lints, 1978). Even among mammals, approximately a 100-fold range is seen, from about 1 year in the smokey shrew (Sorex furneus) (Hamilton, 1940) to about 120 years in humans (Russell, 1988). This 100- to 50,000-fold variation is undoubtedly due to underlying differences in the genetic constitution of species. Analyses of the degree of genetic complexity underlying longevity have suggested it may be encoded by a few genes, perhaps 20–50, which have a major gene effect on aging (Cutler, 1980; Martin, 1977; Sacher, 1980). Therefore, to understand the genetic basis of aging, the most direct approach may be to study appropriate genetic mutations that appear to affect longevity. As such, the genetic diseases of premature aging can serve as useful models for the study of senescence.
Deportability and the Carceral State

Unlawfully entering the United States after a deportation is a felony. Remaining in the United States after the expiration of a visa is a felony. Passing a bad check when undocumented is an aggravated felony. Each punishable by at least one year in prison, these immigration-related crimes today constitute the leading cause of imprisonment in the federal penal system. Drug offenders, in other words, no longer constitute the majority of federal prisoners. Over the past decade, immigration offenders have consistently equaled or outnumbered drug offenders in the federal penal system, although the margin is relatively slight. In 2011, for example, drug offenders made up 29.1 percent of all federal convictions compared to immigration offenders who represented 34.9 percent of all convictions. Together, however, immigration and drug offenders were the majority of all prisoners in the federal penal system, making both immigration control and the war on drugs cornerstones of the carceral state.1 Scholars of the carceral state have published numerous analyses of the war on drugs, but far fewer have examined when, why, and how immigration control became a cornerstone of the carceral state. Since the 1880s, in the name of immigration control, the federal government has deported more than 50 million people. By detailing the creation and expansion of deportability (the legal condition of being deportable) and the stunning number of deportations since the late nineteenth century, this essay provides a brief history of how immigration control emerged as a leading cause of incarceration in the United States. It focuses on deportation because more than 75 percent of immigration offenders are unauthorized immigrants sentenced to prison for entering the United States without inspection or for overstaying an immigrant visa. U.S. federal prisons, therefore, are filling up with deportees.2
Achieving Sustainability Through Rooftop Solar Electricity Generation on the College Campus: A Case Study

Sustainability in higher education is most directly achieved through implementation of on-site and off-site sustainable initiatives coupled with better participation through increasing awareness of the student body and faculty. This increased awareness is necessary to better commit universities to this course of action as, currently, universities have no set standard for the evaluation of their sustainable goals and priorities. While some universities have agreed to reach climate neutrality by a set date, there is no effective means of measuring how this goal can actually be reached. Without the requisite physical measurements, sustainability maintains its status as a brochure buzzword without any accountability to the real world. For a specific example of a physical implementation of sustainability, here we examine the case of the potential for rooftop solar-generated electricity as a direct means of offsetting carbon-based electricity generation. Our project is to provide campus sustainability leaders a tool kit that allows them to explore (a) the physical resources on their campus that can be used to produce renewable electricity (e.g., wind, solar, biomass) and (b) produce various financial models involving student green fees, renewable energy certificates, and partnerships with local utilities. Our goal is to provide tailored energy profiles to specific campuses to determine their ultimate potential for renewable electricity generation and to offer several physical and financial pathways toward reaching this potential. Through our website, sustainability planners can statistically assess their own university in comparison to similar schools and discover innovate ways to reach their own sustainability goals.
Compounds Found in the Defensive Scent Fluids of Calosoma marginalis, C. externum, and C. scrutator (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Of the 28 different species of Calosoma ground beetles found in the United States (Arnett 1960), only one has been investigated for the chemistry of the defensive scent glands. Eisner et al. (1963) detected salicylaldehyde in the species C. prominens (LeConte). We have examined 3 other species of Calosoma quantitatively by expressing the fluid from freshly excised glands.
College Student Dating Partner Drinking Profiles: Differences in Relationship Functioning and Relationship-Specific Alcohol Expectancies.

ABSTRACTBackground: Although the majority of research on partner drinking styles has examined married couples, dating partners may influence one another's problem behaviors including alcohol use. Objectives: This study identified patterns of at-risk alcohol use in college women and their dating partners using a person-centered statistical approach (i.e., latent profile analysis). Methods: Participants were 286 college student women in dating relationships. They completed questionnaires regarding their own and their partners' drinking, alcohol use severity, intimate partner violence (IPV), relationship satisfaction, and relationship-specific alcohol expectancies. Data were collected in 2012 through 2013. Results: Results revealed three distinct, latent classes based on both partners' alcohol outcomes. The “Low-Risk” group (58%) consisted of non-heavy drinking partners. In the “High-Risk – Higher Men” class (27%), men drank more than women; however, both men and women were high-risk drinkers. The “High-Risk...
Algorithm development for deeply buried threat detection in GPR data

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a popular remote sensing modality for buried threat detection. Many algorithms have been developed to detect buried threats using GPR data. One on-going challenge with GPR is the detection of very deeply buried targets. In this work a detection approach is proposed that improves the detection of very deeply buried targets, and interestingly, shallow targets as well. First, it is shown that the signal of a target (the target “signature”) is well localized in time, and well correlated with the target’s burial depth. This motivates the proposed approach, where GPR data is split into two disjoint subsets: an early and late portion corresponding to the time at which shallow and deep target signatures appear, respectively. Experiments are conducted on real GPR data using the previously published histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) prescreener: a fast supervised processing method operated on HOG features. The results show substantial improvements in detection of very deeply buried targets (4.1% to 17.2%) and in overall detection performance (81.1% to 83.9%). Further, it is shown that the performance of the proposed approach is relatively insensitive to the time at which the data is split. These results suggest that other detection methods may benefit from depth-based processing as well.
Directed Assembly of Cuprous Oxide Nanocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Coupled to Heterobinuclear ZrOCoII Light Absorber in Mesoporous Silica

Hierarchical assembly of an oxo-bridged binuclear ZrOCoII light absorber unit coupled to a cuprous oxide nanocluster catalyst for CO2 reduction on mesoporous silica support is demonstrated. The proper positioning of the Cu oxide cluster was achieved by photodeposition of a [Cu(NCCH3)4]2+precursor by visible light excitation of the ZrOCo charge transfer chromophore, followed by mild calcination at 350 C. Illumination of the CuxOy-ZrOCo unit so formed in the presence of a diethylamine electron donor resulted in the reduction of surface Cu centers to Cu0 as demonstrated by the characteristic infrared band of adsorbed 13CO probe molecules at 2056 cm–1. For analogous CuxOy-TiOCoII units, the oxidation state makeup of the surface Cu centers was dominated by CuI, and the Cu0, CuI, and CuII composition was found to depend on the wavelength of MMCT excitation. The observed strong dependence of the CO2 photoreduction yield on the oxidation state of the surface Cu centers directly proves that CO2 is reduced on the C...
Helping Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder at the Community College: What Does the Research Say? What Can You Do?

ABSTRACTWhile more and more individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are choosing to pursue higher education, comparatively little research has been conducted on the success of these students. Even less practical information has been developed and promulgated to classroom educators. This article reviews trade publications, peer-reviewed journal articles, unpublished manuscripts, and data from professional organizations to answer two key questions: first, what are the factors that promote academic and social success at the community college, and second, what are the individual characteristics of those with ASD that impact community college success? Findings indicated that student collegiate persistence can be enhanced by a range of factors including peer acceptance, institution/faculty accommodations, and student self-advocacy skills. In addition, students with ASD exhibited pathologies that both enable and inhibit college success. Finally, this article aims to provide practical guidance to both th...
Active and laboratory experiments in space plasma physics

This report focuses on active experiments in space as well as laboratory experiments which are directly related to space phenomena. The active experiments involve particle releases in the CRESS and AMPTE missions. Unexpected results such as the motion of the plasma triggered several interesting computer simulations and a laboratory experiment which will be reviewed. Critical Ionization Phenomena will be discussed in this context. A recent release over Arecibo was used to create a “plasma lens” to focus radiation from the HF heater beam. The higher power triggered several nonlinear processes. Advances in plasma sources and diagnostics have made it possible to scale many laboratory experiments. Discussed here are experiments on Alfven waves generated by a localized source, 3D magnetic field line reconnection, three dimensional magnetized double layers and simulations of a tethered satellite.
Structural and phase sensitivity of the maximum differential magnetic susceptibility of steel

It is shown that the maximum differential magnetic permeability (μdm) and susceptibility (χdm) of steel are fully determined by its coercive force, remanent magnetization, and technical saturation magnetization. The sensitivity of χdm to the structure- and phase-sensitive parameters of a metal is analyzed. The problems of controlling metal manufacture conditions that can be solved by measuring χdm or μdm are determined.
The effect of maternal age on fetal and neonatal mortality

Determine the gestational age at which the risk of fetal or neonatal death associated with delaying delivery by 1 week exceeds the risk of neonatal death associated with immediate delivery, stratified by maternal age intervals. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of live births, stillbirths and neonatal deaths that occurred in the United States between 2010 and 2013 using birth data. Women were classified into six age categories. Singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies without hypertensive disease or diabetes were included. Relative risks were obtained using a generalized linear model comparing the rate of death associated with immediate delivery to those of expectant management. For all age groups with the exception of women 44 years and older, immediate delivery was associated with lower relative risk of death by 39 weeks. For <25, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, 40 to 44, odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were 1.0 (0.32 to 3.10), 0.67 (0.19 to 2.37), 0.80 (0.21 to 2.98), 0.67 (0.19 to 2.36) and 0.45 (0.16 to 1.31), respectively. In women 44 years and older, immediate delivery was associated with a lower relative risk of death by 38 weeks (OR: 0.35, CI: 0.14 to 0.90). Women greater than 44 years old may benefit from delivery by 38 weeks gestational age to reduce the risk of stillbirth.
CD4 + T cells from HIV-1 patients with impaired Th1 effector responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit diminished histone and nucleoprotein signatures

HIV+ patients have an increased risk for tuberculosis disease despite clinical management with ARTs. We established a culture model of Mtb-infection in PBMCs from HIV+ PPD+ donors on suppressive ART (median 6.4years) with negligible viral loads (median<50copies/mL) and stable CD4+ T cell counts (517cells/mm^3). We observed that HIV+ patient lymphocytes harbored a recruitment defect to Mtb-infected monocytes. To investigate these immune defects on a per cell basis, purified CD4+ T cells from HIV patients were assessed by label-free quantification protein mass spectrometry. CD4+ T cells from HIV patients displayed diminished nucleoprotein levels - notably of histone variant H2a.Z and ribonucleoprotein A1. Only within healthy donors, transcriptional regulatory histone variant H2a.Z expression was correlated to the extent of IFN-γ induction upon Mtb-infection. Our findings may explain why HIV patients exhibit prolonged immune cell dysfunction despite suppressive ART, and implicate a per cell defect of CD4+ T cells.
Shared Motivational Functions of Ventral Striatum D1 and D2 Medium Spiny Neurons.

The striatum is an essential structure influencing behavioral action selection in processes relevant to reward and motivation. Abnormalities in striatal function are associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including addiction, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease,
Oviposition-like central pattern generators in pregenital segments of male and female grasshoppers

Grasshoppers produce an extraordinary oviposition behavior that is associated with multiple specializations of the skeletal and neuromuscular systems in the posterior abdomen, including a central pattern generator (CPG) in the female’s terminal abdominal ganglion. Two pairs of shovel-shaped appendages, the ovipositor valves on the abdomen tip, excavate the soil for deposition of eggs. By contrast, the sexually monomorphic pregenital region of the abdomen is without appendages. Morphological homologues of ovipositor muscles and efferent neurons in the eighth abdominal segment are nevertheless present in pregenital segments of males and females. In both sexes, a robust rhythmic motor program was induced in pregenital segments by the same experimental methods used to elicit oviposition digging. The activity, recorded extracellularly, was oviposition-like in burst period (5–6 s) and homologous muscle phase relationships, and it persisted after sensory inputs were removed, indicating the presence of pregenital CPGs. The abdomen exhibited posterior-going waves of activity with an intersegmental phase delay of approximately 1 s. These results indicate that serially homologous motor systems, including functional CPGs, provided the foundation for the evolution of oviposition behavior.
Advancing Research on Interpersonal Communication: Communicating in All Directions

Organizational Behavior research is defined by the task of organizing (Heath & Sitkin, 2001), an activity which, without interpersonal communication, is impossible. Indeed, at the beginning of the ...
The ACSES Model of Afghanistan: Introduction and Social Theories

In this chapter we present an example of the principles and approaches we have described to this point. The example in question is a model of population allegiance in Afghanistan in the face of the Taliban insurgency, and effort by the Afghan government and coalition forces to combat the insurgency. DARPA supported our development of this model as a pilot project, which we refer to it as the ACSES (“Actionable Capability for Social and Economic Systems”) model.
Self-organization in Navier-Stokes turbulence

Fluid turbulence is undoubtedly a complex phenomenon, but the relation between the fundamental laws and the emergence of large-scale coherent eddies from differential interactions in a random background has remained elusive. Such a connection is attempted in this paper. The key analytical step is to express the Navier-Stokes equations in the Hermitian wavelet representation, which adds one independent spectral variable to the spatial description at any instant. In this expanded representation, the equations reduce naturally to a form consistent with pairwise nonlinear interactions governed by known kernels. The emergence of strong eddies from a random background, and their eventual breakdown, are illustrated by a 2-dimensional simulation.
Integrative Summary: The Research Program of Personality Psychology

The basic features of this framework have been provided in the previous chapters. While many of the issues addressed are those facing personality psychology, and examples are largely drawn from this substantive domain, aspects of the framework must be recognized as extending into general psychology. But one of the goals of this work is to redefine the limits of the discipline of personality in a formal rather than purely substantive way. In Chapter 1, a definition of personality psychology was offered which described the field as a person oriented general psychology. In this final chapter, the framework’s construal of the domain of personality will be articulated. The current interactionist perspective which emerged from the person- situation controversy will then be discussed, with emphasis placed upon the compatibility between modern interactionism and the perspective advanced in this framework. The last section of this chapter will provide a brief summary and evaluation of this framework, and will include comments upon future directions for empirical and conceptual development.
Nutrition in Cancer: Evidence-Based Nutrition Recommendations in Cancer Patients and Survivors

Decades of research have revealed a direct association between diet and cancer. In fact, it is suggested that at least one third of all cancers are directly related to diet, and this number goes up when other factors such as sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and addictive behaviors (e.g., smoking and drinking) are taken into consideration. Interactions between dietary constituents and gene function that lead to cancer prevention or development have been identified. For example, dietary constituents modulate genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, and enzyme induction. An integrative approach to modify diet and lifestyle will support cancer patients during active treatment and potentially prevent cancer recurrence during survivorship. Additionally, changes in diet are likely to improve the patient’s quality of life and prolong survivorship.
Automatic Laser Control System for Selective Laser Sintering

The quality of SLS products is dramatically degraded by excessive temperature gradients in the thermal profile of the powder bed. Thermal gradients in the presintering temperature, which is defined as powder temperature before laser scans, are inevitable in commercial SLS machines due to various reasons. Such a gradient will propagate to the postsintering temperature, which is defined as the material temperature right after laser scans, if constant laser power is used for sintering. To eliminate thermal gradients in the postsintering temperature, this paper proposes an automatic laser control system to adjust laser power according to the presintering temperature. Infrared cameras are used for presintering temperature measurements, which are used to compute optimal laser power profiles. Two control granularities are implemented: 1) vector-level control eliminates thermal gradients in the postsintering temperature of a single scan line and 2) layer-level control minimizes the difference of postsintering temperature of several areas, each of which consists of a number of scan lines, on the build surface. Experimental results show that variations in the postsintering temperature have been reduced by both implementations (to 60% and 20% respectively) compared to the presintering temperature.
Abstract P322: Different Responses To Intrarenomedullary Infusion of Anandamidevs. PF-3845 Reveal Additional Mechanisms Of Pressure-lowering And Diuresis-stimulation By Renomedullary FAAH Inhibition

The fatty acyl ethanolamides comprise a group of lipids having biological activities consistent with multiple mechanisms of blood pressure-lowering, including vasodepressor, diuretic and natriureti...
Matrix Training for Expanding the Communication of Toddlers and Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically exhibit a range of social communication deficits. Presequenced stimulus arrangements, such as matrix training, can be used to facilitate generative responding. Accordingly, training procedures can lead to the acquisition of a greater number of targets that are not taught explicitly, with fewer learning trials. Matrix training provides a useful framework for selecting teaching targets to promote the emergence of untaught skills. Participants were 3 young boys diagnosed with ASD, who were taught noun-verb combinations of play actions as tact and listener responses. All participants learned the taught noun-verb targets and showed varying degrees of recombinative generalization to untaught targets. Across subsequent matrices, the rate of acquisition of new targets and the number acquired without direct teaching increased (i.e., recombinative generalization). This suggests matrix training stimulus arrangements can facilitate the acquisition of novel targets by teaching young children with ASD to recombine language components appropriately.
A data-space inversion procedure for well control optimization and closed-loop reservoir management

Data-space inversion (DSI) methods provide posterior (history-matched) predictions for quantities of interest, along with uncertainty quantification, without constructing posterior models. Rather, predictions are generated directly from a large set of prior model simulations and observed data. In this work, we develop a data-space inversion with variable control (DSIVC) procedure that enables forecasting with user-specified well controls in the post-history-match prediction period. In DSIVC, flow simulations on all prior realizations, with randomly sampled well controls, are first performed. User-specified controls are treated as additional observations to be matched in posterior predictions. Posterior data samples are generated using a randomized maximum likelihood procedure with a gradient-based optimizer. For prescribed post-history-match well control settings, posterior predictions can be generated in seconds or minutes. Results are presented for a channelized system, and posterior predictions from DSIVC are compared with those from the standard DSI method. Standard DSI requires prior models to be re-simulated using the specified controls, while DSIVC requires only one set of prior simulations. Substantial uncertainty reduction is achieved through data-space inversion, and reasonable agreement between DSIVC and DSI results is generally observed. DSIVC is then applied for data assimilation combined with production optimization under uncertainty, as well as for closed-loop reservoir management, which entails a sequence of data assimilation and optimization steps. Clear improvement in the objective function is attained in these examples.
Exploring the effect of fog on lane-changing characteristics utilizing the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study data

This paper provides valuable insights into lane-changing characteristics based on driver behavior in fog and clear weather conditions using the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) data collected by th...
Evolution Equations of Discount Functions and Metrics of Dynamic Inconsistency

This article considers continuous models of time discounting that evolve dynamically. While constant exponential discounting is the paradigmatic model for time discounting, many models which depart from exponential discounting have been proposed to attempt to more closely match the behavior of individuals, firms and markets. This article argues that it is the dynamic inconsistency of behavioral models that gives them their most salient features. The article then develops evolution equations for some of the most prominent continuous discounting models to more clearly consider their dynamic inconsistency. It then proposes metrics for the degree of dynamic inconsistency exhibited by discounting models allowing comparison of dynamic inconsistency both across and within models.
Treatment of invasive Paget's disease of the vulva in pregnancy: A case report

•Invasive adenocarcinoma of the vulva arising from extramammary Paget's disease is possible in women of child-bearing age.•Radical vulvectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and inguinal lymphadenectomy are safe and feasible during pregnancy.•Chemotherapy may be used as adjuvant therapy for vulvar adenocarcinoma during pregnancy when radiation is contraindicated.•Primary cesarean delivery may be considered for pregnant women with recent vulvar surgery.•Trastuzumab may be considered for maintenance therapy of Her2/Neu positive vulvar cancer in postpartum women.
TEST SUBMISSION_ TPRC-- Industry Panel - The Google vs. Apple Hearings

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Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism phenylketonuria and disorders of biopterin metabolism

Abstract Disorders of amino acid metabolism lead to accumulations of amino acids that lead to toxicity to the developing central nervous system. Others are neuropharmacologic toxins. Phenylketonuria and disorders of biopterin metabolism cause hyperphenylalaninemic toxicity. Tyrosinemia leads to hepatic and renal disease. Organic acidemias such as propionic and methylmalonic lead to ketoacidosis. Glutaric aciduria type I leads to neurodegeneration, and macrocephaly. Maple Syrup urine disease leads to neonatal opisthotonus and seizures.
Development and initial validation of the short critical consciousness scale (CCS-S)

Abstract This paper reports the development and initial validation of the Short Critical Consciousness Scale (CCS-S), which measures critical consciousness via its three component parts: critical reflection, critical motivation, and critical action. In Study 1, we identified and extracted four subsets of items from the original Critical Consciousness Scale and from a validated critical motivation measure, creating the 14-item CCS-S while maintaining construct validity and the strong psychometric properties of the original sub-scales. In Study 2, we completed initial validation of the CCS-S with a larger-scale, independent sample (n = 4901; Mage = 14.69) and tested measurement invariance of the CCS-S across ethnic-racial, age, and gender groups. Measurement invariance was supported for each group. We conclude by considering implications and directions for future critical consciousness research, including recommendations for the use of the CCS-S in both research and applied settings.
Concept of Complete Mesocolic Excision and the Role of Computed Tomography Imaging.

Abstract Complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) has gained traction in recent years as an effective advanced surgical technique for surgical treatment of colon cancer. In this review, the concept of CME is described, along with relevant variant vascular anatomy and local staging implications for radiologists. Future directions in research are also explored, with a focus on correlation between radiology and pathology.
Evaluation of the MoMba Live Long Remote Smoking Detection System During and After Pregnancy: Development and Usability Study

Background: The smoking relapse rate during the first 12 months after pregnancy is around 80% in the United States. Delivering remote smoking cessation interventions to women in the postpartum period can reduce the burden associated with frequent office visits and can enable remote communication and support. Developing reliable, remote, smoking measuring instruments is a crucial step in achieving this vision. Objective: The study presents the evaluation of the MoMba Live Long system, a smartphone-based breath carbon monoxide (CO) meter and a custom iOS smartphone app. We report on how our smoking detection system worked in a controlled office environment and in an out-of-office environment to examine its potential to deliver a remote contingency management intervention. Methods: In-office breath tests were completed using both the MoMba Live Long system and a commercial monitor, the piCO+ Smokerlyzer. In addition, each participant provided a urine test for smoking status validation through cotinine. We used in-office test data to verify the validity of the MoMba Live Long smoking detection system. We also collected out-of-office tests to assess how the system worked remotely and enabled user verification. Pregnant adult women in their second or third trimester participated in the study for a period of 12 weeks. This study was carried out in the United States. Results: Analyses of in-office tests included 143 breath tests contributed from 10 participants. CO readings between the MoMba Live Long system and the piCO+ were highly correlated (r=.94). In addition, the MoMba Live Long system accurately distinguished smokers from nonsmokers with a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.94 when the piCO+ was used as a gold standard, and a sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 1.0 when cotinine in urine was used to confirm smoking status. All participants indicated that the system was easy to use. Conclusions: Relatively inexpensive portable and internet-connected CO monitors can enable remote smoking status detection in a wide variety of nonclinical settings with reliable and valid measures comparable to a commercially available CO monitor. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02237898; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02237898
Targeting the extracellular matrix for immunomodulation: applications in drug delivery and cell therapies

Host immune cells interact bi-directionally with their extracellular matrix (ECM) to receive and deposit molecular signals, which orchestrate cellular activation, proliferation, differentiation, and function to maintain healthy tissue homeostasis. In response to pathogens or damage, immune cells infiltrate diseased sites and synthesize critical ECM molecules such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans to promote healing. When the immune system misidentifies pathogens or fails to survey damaged cells effectively, maladies such as chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer can develop. In these conditions, it is essential to restore balance to the body through modulation of the immune system and the ECM. This review details the components of dysregulated ECM implicated in pathogenic environments and therapeutic approaches to restore tissue homeostasis. We evaluate emerging strategies to overcome inflamed, immune inhibitory, and otherwise diseased microenvironments, including mechanical stimulation, targeted proteases, adoptive cell therapy, mechanomedicine, and biomaterial-based cell therapeutics. We highlight various strategies that have produced efficacious responses in both pre-clinical and human trials and identify additional opportunities to develop next-generation interventions. Significantly, we identify a need for therapies to address dense or fibrotic tissue for the treatment of organ tissue damage and various cancer subtypes. Finally, we conclude that therapeutic techniques that disrupt, evade, or specifically target the pathogenic microenvironment have a high potential for improving therapeutic outcomes and should be considered a priority for immediate exploration. A schematic showing the various methods of extracellular matrix disruption/targeting in both fibrotic and cancerous environments. a Biomaterial-based cell therapy can be used to deliver anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemotherapeutics, or other factors for localized, slow release of therapeutics. b Mechanotherapeutics can be used to inhibit the deposition of molecules such as collagen that affect stiffness. c Ablation of the ECM and target tissue can be accomplished via mechanical degradation such as focused ultrasound. d Proteases can be used to improve the distribution of therapies such as oncolytic virus. e Localization of therapeutics such as checkpoint inhibitors can be improved with the targeting of specific ECM components, reducing off-target effects and toxicity.
A Sub-Nyquist Uniform Linear Array Receiver Design

A design of sub-Nyquist uniform linear array receiver with different sampling rates is proposed, investigated, and reported in this paper. The proposed architecture increases functionality of conventional linear array receiver with modest modifications. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver is capable of determining angle of arrival (AOA) and signal frequencies of multiple continuous-wave/chirp signals over several Nyquist zones.
The Benefits and Costs of Authorizing Riverboat Gambling

On 26 Nov. 1990, six months after the study on which this chapter is based was undertaken, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives rejected a bill to legalize riverboat gambling by a vote of 118-81.
Genes and mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous set of inherited retinopathies with many disease-causing genes, many known mutations, and highly varied clinical consequences. Progress in finding treatments is dependent on determining the genes and mutations causing these diseases, which includes both gene discovery and mutation screening in affected individuals and families. Despite the complexity, substantial progress has been made in finding RP genes and mutations. Depending on the type of RP, and the technology used, it is possible to detect mutations in 30–80% of cases. One of the most powerful approaches to genetic testing is high-throughput ‘deep sequencing’, that is, next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS has identified several novel RP genes but a substantial fraction of previously unsolved cases have mutations in genes that are known causes of retinal disease but not necessarily RP. Apparent discrepancy between the molecular defect and clinical findings may warrant reevaluation of patients and families. In this review, we summarize the current approaches to gene discovery and mutation detection for RP, and indicate pitfalls and unsolved problems. Similar considerations apply to other forms of inherited retinal disease.
Electrical impedance based monitoring of viscous drag of living cells

Electrical impedance based detection of the settling of living cells in wells equipped with microelectrode array is demonstrated in this paper. The experiment is conducted in a constant temperature incubator at 37degC with two wells of cells, one well being the experimental well and the other being the control. The impedances of the cells are generated continuously after dropping the cells at a constant density in both the wells. It takes 30 minutes to 1 hr to reach constant temperature before the experiment for cell settling measurement is started. The cells are stirred in the media of the experimental well using micropipette aspiration or using acoustic cavitation streaming micromixer and the impedance measurements are performed at high sampling rate. The ratio of the impedances for both the wells is the measure for analyzing the viscous drag of the cells experience by the media
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: correlations between DNA adducts and ras oncogene mutations.

This review describes a series of studies on the tumorigenic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various experimental animal model systems, their abilities to form PAH-DNA adducts in target tissues, and their abilities to mutate ras oncogenes in PAH-induced tumors. The review is limited to those PAHs that do not contain nitrogen, for which ras mutations have been detected in induced tumors, and for which some information is available about the structures of the DNA adducts induced in the target tissue. In general, PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyadenosine induce mutations at codon 61, whereas those PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyguanosine primarily induce mutations at codons 12 or 13. Those PAHs that induce adducts at both bases induce both types of mutations. These correlations provide evidence for the involvement of adduct-directed mutations in ras in the etiology of these tumors. The induced mutation spectra in ras may in fact point back to the identity of the type of adduct formed.
Glucose transport in plasma membrane vesicles from rat adipose tissue.

Abstract Plasma membranes of a high degree of purity have been prepared from isolated adipose cells of rat epididymal fat pads. d-[3H]Glucose uptake by the membranes has been measured with a Millipore filtration technique, with l-[14C]glucose serving as a marker for nonspecific uptake or trapping of the sugars. The plasma membrane preparation shows glucose transport as evidenced by the following: (a) d-glucose is both taken up and released more rapidly than l-glucose, (b) countertransport of d-glucose can be shown, (c) with prolonged incubations, d- and l-glucose uptake reach equilibrium at the same level. The uptake of d-glucose is inhibited by a low concentration of phlorizin and higher concentrations of 2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methyl glucose, but not by l-glucose or fructose. It is greatly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and its dibutyryl derivative, ATP, AMP, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate have no appreciable effect. Glucose appears to be taken up or transported into a relatively impermeable intravesicular space. Exposure of the membranes to increasing sucrose concentrations leads to osmotic shrinkage and decreased glucose uptake. We conclude that the glucose transport system remains intact in isolated plasma membranes and can be studied in the absence of other cell components.
Connecting brains with machines: the neural control of 2D cursor movement

The paper presents a review of our neural prosthesis research program and provides a brief introduction to the field. We focus on four key problems: sensing, neural encoding, neural decoding, and interface design. We explore these problems and present our current solutions which have led to the direct cortical control of unconstrained 2D cursor movement.