cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of solvent systems for countercurrent separation

Abstract Rational solvent system selection for countercurrent chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography technology (collectively known as countercurrent separation) studies continues to be a scientific challenge as the fundamental questions of comparing polarity range and selectivity within a solvent system family and between putative orthogonal solvent systems remain unanswered. The current emphasis on metabolomic investigations and analysis of complex mixtures necessitates the use of successive orthogonal countercurrent separation (CS) steps as part of complex fractionation protocols. Addressing the broad range of metabolite polarities demands development of new CS solvent systems with appropriate composition, polarity (π), selectivity (σ), and suitability. In this study, a mixture of twenty commercially available natural products, called the GUESSmix, was utilized to evaluate both solvent system polarity and selectively characteristics. Comparisons of GUESSmix analyte partition coefficient (K) values give rise to a measure of solvent system polarity range called the GUESSmix polarity index (GUPI). Solvatochromic dye and electrical permittivity measurements were also evaluated in quantitatively assessing solvent system polarity. The relative selectivity of solvent systems were evaluated with the GUESSmix by calculating the pairwise resolution (αip), the number of analytes found in the sweet spot (Nsw), and the pairwise resolution of those sweet spot analytes (αsw). The combination of these parameters allowed for both intra- and inter-family comparison of solvent system selectivity. Finally, 2-dimensional reciprocal shifted symmetry plots (ReSS2) were created to visually compare both the polarities and selectivities of solvent system pairs. This study helps to pave the way to the development of new solvent systems that are amenable to successive orthogonal CS protocols employed in metabolomic studies.
The Conference on Corporate Interference with Science and Health: Fracking, Food and Wireless: genesis, rationale, and results 1)

A number of serious environmental health haz- ards created by under-regulated/unregulated industries have morphed into public health crises around the world. The Conference on Corporate Interference with Science and Health (the Conference) was held to examine this trend in three economically significant industries: fracking, food, and wireless. The Conference provided an overview of the structures of these three industries and the history of standard-setting therein, identified the sources of envi- ronmental exposures created by these industries, and surveyed the health consequences of these exposures and the policies that have resulted in them. It then examined corporate influence on the setting of these policies and the production of scientific studies and interpretation of their results. The Conference also analyzed the general influence of corporations on the political system and the relationship of this conflict of interest to the aforemen- tioned topics. The concluding discussion focused on what solutions could be implemented to improve public health, including what institutional changes are necessary to pro- mote public awareness and change policy.
Robust stability of multivariable systems with both real parametric and norm bounded uncertainties

The robust stability of a multivariable system with both structured real parametric and unstructured norm bounded uncertainties is considered. It is shown that if the real parametric uncertainty enters only linearly and independently into the numerator matrix and the denominator characteristic polynomial, then the robust stability (or stability margin) can be tested (or calculated) exactly. It is also shown that this in fact gives a way to compute a class of real structured singular values. >
Improved cine displacement-encoded MRI using balanced steady-state free precession and time-adaptive sensitivity encoding parallel imaging at 3 T.

Cine displacement-encoded MRI is a promising modality for quantifying regional myocardial function. However, it has two major limitations: low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and data acquisition efficiency. The purpose of this study was to incrementally improve the SNR and the data acquisition efficiency of cine displacement-encoded MRI through the combined use of balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) imaging, 3T imaging, echo-combination image reconstruction, and time-adaptive sensitivity encoding (TSENSE) parallel imaging. Phantom experiments were performed to empirically determine the optimal excitation angle (α) and to estimate the measurement errors in the presence of 130 Hz peak-to-peak static magnetic field (B0) variation. The optimal α was determined to be 20°. The intrinsic phase correction in the echo-combination effectively reduced the phase error, which produced small displacement errors (0.11 versus 0.11 mm) and negligible strain errors (−0.001 versus −0.002). Six healthy volunteers were imaged in three short-axis levels of the heart to evaluate the SNR and the relative accuracy of strain calculations. Compared with the 24-heartbeat cine echo-planar imaging acquisition, the 24-heartbeat non-accelerated b-SSFP acquisition yielded approximately 65% higher SNR, and the 12-heartbeat twofold accelerated b-SSFP acquisition yielded approximately 28% higher SNR. The 12-heartbeat twofold accelerated b-SSFP acquisition yielded functional maps with spatial resolution of 3.6 × 3.6 mm, temporal resolution of 35 ms, and relatively high SNR (31.2 ± 5.4 at end diastole; 19.9 ± 3.6 at end systole; 10.3 ± 1.1 at late diastole; mean ± SD). The left ventricular strain values between the non-accelerated and twofold accelerated b-SSFP acquisitions correlated strongly (slope = 0.99; bias = 0.00; R2 = 0.91) and were in excellent agreement. The combined implementation of b-SSFP imaging, 3T imaging, echo-combination image reconstruction, and TSENSE parallel imaging can be used to incrementally improve the cine displacement-encoded MRI pulse sequence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating Telehealth Technology into a Clinical Pharmacy Telephonic Diabetes Management Program

Background: Use of home monitoring technologies can enhance care coordination and improve clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and other chronic diseases. This study was designed to explore the feasibility of incorporating a telehealth system into an existing telephonic diabetes management program utilizing clinical pharmacists. Methods: This observational study was conducted at three Providence Medical Group primary care clinics. Adults with a diagnosis of diabetes and a recent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >8% were referred by their primary care provider to participate in the study. Participants utilized the telehealth system developed by Intel Corporation and were followed by clinical pharmacists who provide telephonic diabetes management. The primary clinical outcome measure was change in mean HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included blood glucose levels, participant self-management knowledge, and the degree of participant engagement. Results: Mean HbA1c level decreased by 1.3% at the study end (p = .001). Based on participant satisfaction surveys and qualitative responses, participants were satisfied with the telehealth system. Mean blood glucose values decreased significantly over the 16-week study period from 178 mg/dl [standard deviation (SD) 67] at week 1 to 163 mg/dl (SD 64) at week 16 (p = .0002). Participants entered the study with moderate to good knowledge about managing their diabetes based on three questions, and no statistically significant improvement in knowledge was found post-study. Conclusion:
Cardiac paraganglioma presenting as gestational hypertension.

A 24-YEAR-OLD WOMAN presented to an outside hospital during her third trimester of pregnancy with hypertensive episodes (230/130 mm Hg), headaches, and palpitations. Pre-eclampsia was excluded because of the absence of proteinuria. Additional evaluation revealed markedly elevated 24-h urinary catecholamines (norepinephrine, 978 mg/24 h [0–100]; normetanephrine, 4067 mg/24 h [50–650]; epinephrine, < 3 mg/24 h [0–25]; metanephrine, 108 mg/24 h [30–350]; and vanillylmandelic acid, 13.6 mg/d [0–7]), which confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the abdomen showed a 2.8 3 1.9-cm mixed-intensity mass medial to the left adrenal gland, which was presumed to be a pheochromocytoma. The patient was brought to term safely on phenoxybenzamine therapy (10 mg twice daily), and a healthy baby was delivered via elective cesarean section. Postpartum, the patient underwent an elective left laparoscopic adrenalectomy. However, pathology revealed only normal adrenal tissue, and the patient’s clinical syndrome did not resolve. Genetic testing for a RET proto-oncogene mutation was negative, and the patient was referred for additional evaluation. During additional questioning, the patient reported having undergone prior surgery for a right neck mass, and her estranged father had been treated for a similar neck mass as well as an abdominal growth. Clinical suspicion for familial disease prompted functional imaging with F-DOPA
Exogenous suppression of the symbiotic deficiencies of Rhizobium meliloti exo mutants.

Abstract The acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS I) produced by Rhizobium meliloti during symbiosis with Medicago sativa has been shown to be required for the proper development of nitrogen-fixing nodules. Cloned DNA from the exo region of R. meliloti is shown to stimulate production of the low-molecular-weight form of this exopolysaccharide, and in this report we show that the symbiotic deficiencies of two exo mutants of R. meliloti, the exoA and exoH mutants, can be rescued by the addition of this low-molecular-weight material at the time of inoculation. For exoA and exoH mutants, rescue with a preparation containing low-molecular-weight exopolysaccharide induces the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules which appear somewhat later and at a reduced efficiency compared with wild-type-induced nodules; however, microscopic analysis of these nodules reveals similar nodule morphology and the presence of large numbers of bacteroids in each.
STATISTICAL STUDIES ON PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM IN NATURAL POPULATIONS I. DISTRIBUTION OF SINGLE LOCUS HETEROZYGOSITY

Surveying the literature, the frequency distribution of single-locus heterozygosity among protein loci was examined in 95 vertebrate and 34 invertebrate species with the aim of testing the validity of the mutation-drift hypothesis. This distribution did not differ significantly from that expected under the mutation-drift hypothesis for any of the species examined when tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit statistic. The agreement between the observed interlocus variance of heterozygosity and its theoretical expectation was also satisfactory. There was an indication that variation in the mutation rate among loci inflates the interlocus variance of heterozygosity. The variance of heterozygosity for a homologous locus among different species was also studied. This variance generally agreed with the theoretical value very well, though in some groups of Drosophila species there was a significant discrepancy. The observed relationship between average heterozygosity and the proportion of polymorphic loci was in good agreement with the theoretical relationship. It was concluded that, with respect to the pattern of distribution of heterozygosity, the majority of data on protein polymorphisms are consistent with the mutation-drift hypothesis. After examining alternative possible explanations involving selection, it was concluded that the present data cannot be explained adequately without considering a large effect of random genetic drift, whether there is selection or not.
Respiratory Care of the Hospitalized Patient With Cystic Fibrosis

Hospitalization can occur at any age for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The leading cause for admission is an acute worsening of signs and symptoms that can be called a pulmonary exacerbation. The reasons for admission are usually the need for intravenous antibiotics and aggressive airway clearance with good nutritional support. Respiratory therapists (RTs) play a key role in the care of CF patients in the out-patient clinics and taking care of the patients while hospitalized. Following the CF pulmonary guidelines, they administer aerosol delivery and airway clearance while also providing education to patients and families. The RT should have the skills to perform and teach all manners of airway clearance and understand the medications and delivery devices that make up a CF treatment. As CF lung disease progresses, so does the chance that these patients may develop complications such as pneumothorax and hemoptysis, which may require different strategies, especially when airway clearance is performed. The RT needs to have the skills that can take the patient from simple oxygen therapy as lung function deteriorates to the point where chronic oxygen or noninvasive ventilation is needed, or to the point where the end-stage patient waits for a lung transplant. An important aspect of the hospitalization is the interaction between the RT and the patient. To give good therapy is to be a great coach. From infection control to following proper nebulizer protocol, to consistency with airway clearance, to education, the CF RT is there for the life of the patient.
Affinity capture and Identification of Host cell factors associated with hepatitis C virus (+) strand subgenomic RNA

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leading to chronic hepatitis is a major factor in the causation of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. This process may involve the interplay of various host cell factors, as well as the interaction of these factors with viral RNA and proteins. We report a novel strategy using a sequence-specific biotinylated peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-neamine conjugate targeted to HCV RNA for the in situ capture of subgenomic HCV (+) RNA, along with cellular and viral factors associated with it in MH14 host cells. Using this affinity capture system in conjunction with LC/MS/MS, we have identified 83 cellular factors and three viral proteins (NS5B, NS5A, and NS3–4a protease-helicase) associated with the viral genome. The capture was highly specific. These proteins were not scored with cured MH14 cells devoid of HCV replicons because of the absence of the target sequence in cells for the PNA-neamine probe and also because, unlike oligomeric DNA, cellular proteins have no affinity for PNA. The identified cellular factors belong to different functional groups, including signaling, oncogenic, chaperonin, transcriptional regulators, and RNA helicases as well as DEAD box proteins, ribosomal proteins, translational regulators/factors, and metabolic enzymes, that represent a diverse set of cellular factors associated with the HCV RNA genome. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of a diverse class of selected proteins in an HCV replicon cell line either enhanced or inhibited HCV replication/translation, suggesting that these cellular factors have regulatory roles in HCV replication.
SYMMETRICAL TREATMENT OF ELECTRON AND NUCLEAR MOTIONS IN M. BORN’S THEORY OF IDEAL CRYSTALS

The equilibrium positions of the nuclei in an ideal crystal can be determined by thermal averages, as suggested by Max Born many years ago. We derive these equations without appealing to Born’s second condition which relates the proper frequencies to the statistical operator. We obtain these frequencies directly from the action principle and develop a perturbation theory including all the parity-violating terms (under reflection of generalized, proper coordinates). The equation which determines the equilibrium positions allows us to derive a system of differential equations for the derivatives of these positions with respect to the temperature.
Abstract Petri net based approach to problem solving in real time applications

A rule based solution for a real time problem based on the abstract Petri net (APN) is provided. The APN provides compact and verifiable models. Certain restrictions, activities, and properties of the elevator system (a representative of a real time problem) are defined by means of a set of behavioral rules to control and manage the functioning of the elevator system. It is shown how these rules can be implemented directly in terms of entities of APN to get the model of the system which will provide an efficient solution. Any additional requirements can also be easily included into the model without affecting the overall structure, thus providing flexibility and modularity for an efficient solution of the problem. >
Causal Program Slicing

Unexpected model behaviors need explanation, so valid behaviors can be separated from errors. Understanding unexpected behavior requires accumulation of insight into the behavior and the conditions under which it arises. Explanation Exploration (EE) has been presented to gather insight into unexpected behaviors. EE provides subject matter experts (SMEs) with the capability to test hypotheses about an unexpected behavior by semi-automatically creating conditions of interest under which SMEs can observe the unexpected behavior. EE also reveals the interactions of identified variables that influence the unexpected behavior. Causal Program Slicing, improves EE by: automatically identifying all variables in the model that may influence the unexpected behavior, quantifying how the state changes in those variables influence the unexpected behavior, and mapping the quantified state changes in the variables to the statements in the model’s source code that cause change in state. These capabilities require less SME knowledge and provide more insight than EE.
Effect of Plasma Treatment of Polyethylene Fibers on Interface and ementitious Composite Properties

It is well known that interfaces in composites play an important role in determining composite properties. In this paper, preliminary results of the improvement in tensile properties of a fiber-reinforced cementitious composite due to plasma treatment of the discontinuous polyethylene fibers are reported. Specific focus is placed on the pseudo strain-hardening composite properties induced by fiber reinforcements and associated load transfer from crack-bridging fibers to matrix. Single fiber pullout tests support that the composite property improvement is indeed derived from interfacial property enhancement of the plasma treatment process.
Synthesis of double 15N‐labeled nitramines: N‐nitropiperidine and N‐nitrodimethylamine

Double 15N-labeled N-nitropiperidine and N-nitrodimethylamine have been conveniently prepared by oxidation of the corresponding nitrosamines. Dimethylamine-15N was commercially available while the required piperidine-15N was synthesized from cyclopentanone via the Schmidt ring-expansion procedure using potassium azide-1-15N, followed by hydride reduction of the resulting 2-piperidinone-15N.
APPLICATIONS OF DYNAMIC MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING SYSTEMS FOR FRESH RED MEATS: REVIEW

Shelf-life and quality of fresh red meat can be extended by using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) coupled with refrigerated storage. MAP with elevated levels of carbon dioxide and reduced levels of oxygen inhibits the growth of various aerobic spoilage bacteria and prolongs color stability of fresh red meat. However, in-package headspace conditions are dynamic because of permeability of packaging films, microbial growth, pigment oxidation, gas absorption and mobilization in meat, and lipid oxidation. To further extend the shelf-life and quality of meat, dynamic MAP systems are required to respond to the changes in packaged meat. This review focuses on the changing conditions within the microenvironment of packaged meat. The growth of microorganisms, meat pigment oxidation, and carbon dioxide absorption in MAP fresh red meats are considered. Examples of various dynamic MAP systems currently in use are given, along with the specific requirements of each system regarding meat fabrication, packaging, distribution, and display. Mathematical models, as a tool to understand in-package micro-environment modifications over time and how these changes influence meat quality and shelf-life, are also discussed.
Positive psychology and leisure education: a balanced and systematic service delivery model.

The purpose of this paper is to present a balanced and systematic leisure education service model grounded in positive psychology principles that are applied across diverse audiences and in various venues that is designed to facilitate the interrelated positive experiences of leisure, happiness, and flourishing (cf. Dattilo, 2015). Six principles help leisure educators work together with participants along with their families, friends, and communities so that they experience leisure, are happy, and flourish: These principles include intrinsic motivation, self-determination, flow, arousal, savoring, and positivity. The term leisure education describes a multifaceted, dynamic process that promotes exploration of perspectives and opportunities intended to develop an ethic of positivity and savoring that is conducive to flow, arousal, and leisure. Leisure education is designed to stimulate self-awareness, promote acquisition of leisure-related knowledge, and encourage skill development that enhances self-determination by meeting needs for autonomy, competence, and social connections, which are influenced by a variety of factors and people including family members, educators, leisure service providers, and neighbors. Leisure education includes programs specifically intended to empower people to experience leisure and happiness and ultimately flourish and it includes information infused throughout services to encourage these positive experiences.
RESPONSE TO NEPHROTOXIC SERUM IN THE NEWBORN RAT.

Summary1. Nephrotoxic serum administered to newborn rats 0 to 3 hours of age produces glomerular damage, particularly in the inner cortex, but fails to produce the same clinical or biochemical response observed in the adult rat. 2. Rats injected in the newborn period and sacrificed at 3 weeks of age and later show only minimal histologic lesions in the inner cortical zone. 3. The developing glomeruli in the cortical zone appear to be spared the nephrotoxic effects of kidney antiserum. 4. These newborn rats injected with nephrotoxic serum did not develop chronic renal disease.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ASTEROID INTERCE PTOR FOR A NUCLEAR DEFLECTION M ISSION

A conceptual design was developed for an asteroid interceptor vehicle using a nuclear explosive to deflect Athos, a 200 -m diameter threat object. A notional concept of operations is proposed for delivering the interceptor to the asteroid, detonating the nuclear device, and verifying the effectiveness of the intercept. Preliminary system requirements and constraints were derived based on desired per formance and near -term available technology. The proposed requirements and constraints were used to establish conceptual designs for an interceptor and cruise stage including estimates for the nuclear device and vehicle homing instruments. Further discus sion is provided regarding issues in mission design, vehicle guidance, and design adaptability for alternate threat scenarios.
Management Matters: Strengthening the Research Base to Help Improve Performance of Safety Net Providers

It is becoming increasingly apparent that some disparities in health outcomes for vulnerable populations relate to performance of providers. Based on analysis of Medicaid claims records, large differences in performance among primary care providers are documented for New York City patients, suggesting the need for better evidence in making management decisions.
Sézary syndrome. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the neoplastic cells.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase has been known to be of diagnostic value in hairy cell leukemia. However, occasionally neoplastic cells of other varieties of lymphoproliferative disorders may contain tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The authors have studied four patients with Sezary syndrome who had typical cutaneous lesions with extensive lymphoid infiltrates and circulating atypical E-rosetting lymphoid cells. The abnormal Sezary cells accounted for 23-69% of the peripheral mononuclear cells and often showed convoluted or folded nuclei. These cells in all four patients were strongly positive for acid phosphatase resistant to tartaric acid inhibition. Enzymatic cytochemical studies for acid phosphatase with and without tartrate may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas from variants of chronic dermatitis.
THE EFFECTS OF VARIETIES AND HORMONES ON SWEET POTATO MERISTEM CULTURE AND PLANTLET REGENERATION

Callus formation and plantlet regeneration of sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas Lam,) were studied, using kinetin (KT), α naphthylacetic acid ( α NAA), 6 benzylaminopurine (6 BA), 3 indolylacetic acid (IAA) and gibberelling 3 (GA 3) as exogenous growth substances and using meristems of different varieties as explants. Results were as follows: Varieties have obvious selectivity on medium; Variety plantlet rations were evidently different hormones; 6 BA was feasible hormone and the variety plantlet ration on the media containing 6 BA could reach 74%~88%.
Decomposition and electro-physical model creation of the CREE 1200V, 50A 3-Ph SiC module

The CREE 1200V/50A, 25mΩ 6-Pack SiC MOSFET module (CCS050M12CM2) is decomposed into a full 3D CAD model, and materials identified, for use in electrical circuit and multi-physics simulations. A reverse engineering technique is first developed, outlined, and then demonstrated on the CREE module. The ANSYS Q3D Extractor is applied to the 3D CAD model where electrical, lumped parameter, parasitic circuit elements are determined. The model is also analyzed with a multi-physics simulator to provide in-situ thermal maps of the baseplate surface for application scenarios, e.g. with a thermal interface material and pin fin heat sink to capture the thermal spreading from junction to case. The complete model is made open source and freely distributed for use by the reader.
The Case for Prefetching and Prevalidating TLS Server Certificates.

A key bottleneck in a full TLS handshake is the need to fetch and validate the server certificate before establishing a secure connection. We propose a mechanism by which a browser can prefetch and prevalidate server certificates so that by the time the user clicks on an HTTPS link, the server’s certificate is immediately ready to be used. Combining this with a recent proposal called Snap Start reduces the TLS handshake to zero round trips. Prefetching and prevalidating certificates improves web security by making it less costly for websites to enable TLS and by removing time pressure from the certificate validation process. We implemented prefetching and prevalidation and studied the effects of four different prefetching strategies on server performance. Along the way we conducted a study of OCSP, a certificate validation mechanism. This data enabled us to evaluate the effectiveness of prefetching and prevalidating in reducing TLS handshake latency. In some cases we show a factor of four speed-up over a full TLS handshake.
How Does the Brain Keep Information “in Mind”?

For decades, theoreticians and experimentalists have worked under the assumption that the short-term retention of information depends on elevated activity in the neural elements that represent this information. This was reinforced by the observation of elevated activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the performance of working memory tasks. Increasingly, however, researchers are realizing that the face-value interpretation of regional patterns of elevated activity, including in the PFC, is constrained, a priori, to the principle that brain functions (like working memory) are organized in a modular manner. This is at odds with our current understanding of the brain as a highly distributed, dynamical system capable of multiplexed processing. An alternative empirical approach, the application of multivariate pattern analysis to neural data sets, has led to two important developments in our conceptualization of working memory. First, it has shown that sustained delay-period activity in the PFC (and els...
Faith, Politics, and the Parable of the Kosher Deli: Explorations of Narrative in a Congressional Hearing

This paper takes a discourse analytic approach in exploring how a short narrative, delivered in the testimony of a panel-witness during a 2011 US congressional hearing investigating potential violations of religious liberty in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly known as “Obamacare”), shapes and reflects the larger political conflict over the legislation. Exploring the so-called “parable of the kosher deli” from a structuralist, functionalist, and post-structuralist perspective reveals several key elements of how narratives can function in such a context. The choice of genre not only facilitates communication via a culturally familiar structure, but also positions the communicator reflexively, and in strategic fashion. This choice also provides an efficient means for glossing over the adversary’s most significant concerns: because parables are abstractions meant to reflect back on real situations, one can choose which elements to incorporate, and which to ignore about those situations in one’s interpretation. Additionally, I observe how the parable is an effective means for positioning an opposing side (Davies and Harre, 1990), as the narrative takes aim at not only the government, positioned as an illegitimate disciplinarian, and an inappropriate judge, but also at advocates of the legislation generally, characterized as “off-topic” or else blind to the most important issue. Finally, from a post-structuralist perspective, I note that the narrative, reflecting the general stance of the majority members of committee overseeing the hearing, construes the opposing side as a “generalized other” (Benhabib, 1992), ignoring the role of individual experience, needs, motivations, and desires in the attempt to make a case for broader exemptions to the proposed legislation. Such a move short-circuited any possibility of “elaboration” (Cobb, 2006) in which both sides might have worked toward a mutually agreeable narrative which contained both of the moral perspectives presented. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I would like to thank Sara Cobb as well as the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.
A discriminative approach to frame-by-frame head pose tracking

We present a discriminative approach to frame-by-frame head pose tracking that is robust to a wide range of illuminations and facial appearances and that is inherently immune to accuracy drift. Most previous research on head pose tracking has been validated on test datasets spanning only a small (< 20) subjects under controlled illumination conditions on continuous video sequences. In contrast, the system presented in this paper was both trained and tested on a much larger database, GENKI, spanning tens of thousands of different subjects, illuminations, and geographical locations from images on the Web. Our pose estimator achieves accuracy of 5.82deg, 5.65deg, and 2.96deg root-mean-square (RMS) error for yaw, pitch, and roll, respectively. A set of 4000 images from this dataset, labeled for pose, was collected and released for use by the research community.
Does Attending an Enhanced-quality Preschool have an Effect on the Emergent Literacy, Emergent Math, Social Skills and Knowledge of Health, Hygiene, Nutrition and Safety of Young Children? Evidence from a Quasi-experiment with Two Control Groups in Bangladesh

AbstractThis study aims to identify the effect of attending an enhanced-quality preschool program on students’ emergent math, emergent language and literacy, socio-personal skills and knowledge of health, hygiene, nutrition and safety. We used a quasi-experimental design with pre-post measures and two control groups, with data from a random sample of approximately 709 4–6-year-old children in 40 villages and 5 districts of Bangladesh. Controlling for demographic and baseline characteristics, we compared the outcomes of children who attended an enhanced-quality preschool with the outcomes of children who lived nearby, but were (1) not attending preschool or (2) attending a standard-quality government preschool. We found that, after controlling for baseline characteristics, initial pre-test differences that significantly favored children in enhanced-quality preschools over non-preschoolers significantly increased over time in all outcomes of interest. We did not find differences at baseline between children...
The Addition of Adjuvant Chemotherapy to Radiation in Early-Stage High-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Survival Outcomes and Patterns of Care.

Objective Early-stage high-risk endometrial cancer (HREC) treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) alone has been associated with an increased risk of distant relapse. The addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy (aCRT) may benefit overall survival (OS). We investigated the patterns-of-care and OS benefit of aCRT in HREC by analyzing a large national registry. Methods Our query was limited to patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB and II HREC with either papillary serous, clear cell, or grade 3 adenocarcinoma, diagnosed between 2004 and 2012. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were utilized to identify predictors of aCRT use and OS, respectively. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan Meier and log-rank methods. Propensity score matching was employed to decrease the potential influence of selection bias. Results A total of 11,746 patients were identified for analysis with 8206 (69.9%) receiving aCRT, and 3540 (30.1%) received aRT. Predictors of aCRT included International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage II (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–1.57), papillary serous (OR, 9.44; 95% CI, 8.22–10.85) or clear cell (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 2.59–3.97) histology, lymph nodes removed (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.31–1.69), and receipt of brachytherapy alone (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.36–1.78). Estimated 5-year OS was 75.2% for patients receiving aRT only and 79.2% for those receiving aCRT (P Conclusions The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy to radiation in HREC is associated with improved OS. Multiple demographic and clinical factors significantly influence the choice of adjuvant therapy in this setting.
Adding flexibility to stiff masonry shear walls: an exploratory study

AbstractA novel structural engineering design approach is described where flexibility can be added to a masonry shear wall system with the use of a series of steel connector plates that transfer seismic story shear forces to individual masonry wall panels. This innovative form of building construction is termed “hybrid masonry” since structural steel frames resist lateral forces with the help of engineered structural masonry panels. The steel connector plates are undersized to have considerable flexibility and a relatively low flexural strength. Acting as fuses, these connectors will not only reduce the overall lateral stiffness of a building system, but also dissipate seismic energy through hysteresis. In so doing, the integrity of the structural system to withstand earthquake motions is enhanced. As well, repair costs will be minimized since masonry damage can be circumvented. Thus, maintenance issues associated with costly seismic repairs can be avoided. Results of computations are given that show how ...
Assembly of a visible light photoreactor: an inexpensive tool for bottlebrush polymer synthesis via photoiniferter polymerization

Here we report the design of a simple, inexpensive photoreactor for photoiniferter polymerization of vinyl monomers mediated by thiocarbonylthio compounds. A trithiocarbonate photoiniferter activated by blue light allowed for the synthesis of homopolymers and block copolymers of acrylates, acrylamides, and styrenics with controllable molar mass(es) and low dispersities. Furthermore, this approach enabled the synthesis of bottlebrush polymers by both the grafting-through and grafting-from strategies.
Comprehension of Top 200 Prescribed Drugs in the US as a Resource for Pharmacy Teaching, Training and Practice

Pharmacists have access to a plethora of information related to drugs. Online compendia concerning top 200 prescribed drugs are readily-accessible, comparatively-easy to search. While these resources provide some information about the commonly prescribed drugs, they lack in furnishing in-depth knowledge to pharmacy students, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. The aim of this paper is to present the relevant details of top 200 most prescribed drugs in the United States. The names and therapeutic classes of top 200 prescribed drugs were compiled from online resources. The pharmacological actions of drugs, any reported adverse reactions and black box warnings are collected from drug bank resources, such as AccessPharmacy and Lexicomp. The paper provides comprehensive information about top 200 prescribed drugs, which includes generic names, pharmacological action, route of administration and adverse reaction profile including black box warning when applicable. Overall, the drug list may serve as an easy access of ideas for pharmacists, researchers and other healthcare professionals interested in developing new strategies for treating patients with various ailments.
Validation of the Sleep-Wake Scoring of a New Wrist-Worn Sleep Monitoring Device.

Study Objectives:To test the sleep-wake scoring reliability of a new wrist-worn sleep monitoring device.Methods:Twenty-seven adult good sleepers underwent 1 night of polysomnography (PSG) while wea...
The Academic Medicine Handbook

Does your medical school department have a formal orientation and mentoring program for new faculty? If so, you might want to look at this book for hints about topics to include. If not, a glance at this book might inspire you to start one. This multiauthored book covers just about every topic a new faculty member would want to know about, from finding a position, to writing case reports or designing studies, to getting promoted, to balancing personal and professional activities. Each chapter ends with a summary of “words to the wise,” and suggestions of things to “ask your mentor or colleagues.” Some chapters also contain “key concepts” or summaries of complex issues covered in the chapters. Most chapters are mercifully concise, making it possible to scan the material quickly or read it a little more carefully. As might be expected in any large, edited volume, there is some inconsistency of style and of detail, with interesting variability in whether the wording is in the first or third person. Chapters on understanding different faculty tracks and formulating case reports have universal appeal, while a chapter on understanding flaws in clinical research is very useful but presented in considerably more detail than the rest of the book. A number of chapters repeat material that can be found in any faculty handbook, but they at least remind the reader to find such a handbook and read it. As a demonstration of how to maximize publication credit, one four-page chapter is authored by two people and has a one-half page appendix by a third author. A few chapters just about reach the level of polemic and will mainly be of interest to readers who expect to feel devalued professionally. A good thing about the variability of the material in this book is that there will be something for just about everyone. The book will be useful as a resource for individuals starting a career in academic medicine and probably for senior residents who are considering such a career. Although not every faculty member will want to buy it, having it available in a departmental, school, or hospital library as a resource would be a benefit to the junior faculty.
Validation of the Multidimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory: Evidence for a Unitary Construct

The Multidimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory (MBPI) was developed from a theoretical framework to characterize a broad range of feared stimuli and phobic reactions associated with this pathology. The MBPI consists of 40 items that cross 4 types of stimulus content (injections, hospitals, blood, injury), 5 types of phobic responses (fear, avoidance, worry, fainting, disgust), and a self versus other focus. This study reports on administration of the MBPI to 558 undergraduates, 9 of whom had blood/injury phobia. The instrument had a Cronbach's alpha of .91 and demonstrated good concurrent validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. One large factor emerged in an unrotated principal components analysis, suggesting that blood/injury phobia is a unitary psychometric construct. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a 6-factor solution defined by stimulus content domains and fainting, each of which may be important to consider clinically when assessing the unique concerns of treatment-seeking individuals.
The Surface State Electron

Electronic surface states play an important role in a wide variety of physical problems. Tamm (1932) and Schockley (1939) pioneered in the development of this concept by pointing out the inevitable existence of localized states whenever a crystalline lattice is terminated. These states significantly affect such properties as surface energy, chemical reactivity, film growth, surface conductivity, and adhesion. With the emergence in the 1950’s of semiconductor physics as a prominent research field, interest was drawn to the nature of states at such surfaces. Schrieffer (1957) described the existence of a state localized at the surface of an inversion layer. Such states have turned out to be crucial to both technology (MOSFET’s) and to fundamental phenomena exhibited in the quantum and fractional Hall effects (Das Sarma and Pinczuk, 1996). Finally, we are led to consider the subject of electronic states at the surfaces of insulating liquids and solids, the focus of most of this book. The present chapter describes the underlying physics of these states. They are remarkable for both their simplicity and their ability to probe a rich variety of phenomena.
Dental Maturity and the Ontogeny of Sex-Based Differences in the Dentofacial Complex of Rhesus Macaques from Cayo Santiago

The dentofacial complex has important functions related to vision, sound, and nutrition (Lieberman 2011 ). In addition to traditional attempts to estimate age in lieu of birth records in forensic and anthropological studies (i.e., Relethford et al 1982 ; Nuzzolese and Di Vella 2008 ), investigations of dental eruption in various past and present primates have revealed important information on ontogeny, phylogeny, evolution, diet, living conditions, physiology, and life history patterns (i.e., Zuckerman 1928 ; Schultz 1935 ; Hurme and Van Wagenen 1961 ; Nissen and Riesen 1964 ; Cheverud 1981 ; Mann 1988 ; Phillips-Conroy and Jolly 1988 ; Smith 1989, 1994 ; Anemone et al. 1991, 1996 ; Kuykendall et al.
4.16 Soil Chronosequences

A soil chronosequence is a group of soils that have formed with all soil development variables being constant, except time. Geomorphic settings for the development of soil chronosequences include marine terraces, fluvial terraces, glacial moraines, glacier forelands, and volcanic flows. Anthropogenic disturbances such as fire, mining, and cultivation generate chronosequences through the interruption of soil development. Natural hazards including floods, landslides, debris flows, and mudflows also reset soil time. The task of holding the majority of soil variables constant and studying the response of the remaining variables to ecosystem changes results in an extremely complex, but a powerful research tool.
Cellular actions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays a major role in regulating growth of cells in vivo and in vitro (1). IGF-I initiates metabolic and mitogenic processes in a wide variety of cell types by binding to specific type I IGF receptors in the plasma membrane (2). In addition, recent evidence suggests that association of IGF-I with distinct binding proteins present in extracellular fluids plays a pivotal role in determining IGF-I availability and bioactivity (3,4).
Self-healing boronic acid-based hydrogels for 3D co-cultures.

Synthetic hydrogels have been widely adopted as well-defined matrices for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, with increasing interest in systems that enable the co-culture of multiple cell types for probing both cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions in studies of tissue regeneration and disease. We hypothesized that the unique dynamic covalent chemistry of self-healing hydrogels could be harnessed for not only the encapsulation and culture of human cells but also the subsequent construction of layered hydrogels for 3D co-cultures. To test this, we formed hydrogels using boronic acid-functionalized polymers and demonstrated their self-healing in the presence of physiologically relevant cell culture media. Two model human cell lines, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and CCL151 pulmonary fibroblasts, were encapsulated within these dynamic materials, and good viability was observed over time. Finally, self-healing of cut hydrogel “blocks” laden with these different cell types was used to create layered hydro...
Mass spectrometry data confirming tetrameric α-synuclein N-terminal acetylation.

Tetrameric α-synuclein (αS) is an elusive multimer of the dynamic neuronal protein implicated in Parkinson׳s disease. Through the data reported herein, we demonstrate that this high molecular weight multimer is N-acetylated. Coexpression of tetrameric αS in Escherichia coli with the NatB acetylase derived from yeast enables access to N-terminally acetylated αS (NAcαS), the native form in humans. Following purification and characterization as previously described by us in "Isolation of Recombinant Tetrameric N-acetylated α-synuclein" (Fernandez and Lucas, 2018), the purified protein was excised from a native gel for confirmation of N-terminal acetylation. Through high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques, the identification of this helical tetramer as NAcαS has been clearly demonstrated.