cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysozyme crystallization by vapor diffusion: characterization and modeling in the absence and presence of exogenous minerals

Abstract A model accounting for water evaporation and crystal growth was synthesized to simulate protein concentration profiles in the crystallization wells of a vapor-diffusion apparatus. The model calculations were compared with experimental results obtained with chicken egg white lysozyme crystallized in the absence and presence of exogenous mineral particles. The model predicted the increase in protein concentration during water evaporation and the decrease during crystal growth. The effects of magnetite, galena and chalcopyrite on the time profile of dissolved lysozyme concentration appeared minimal, except for the occurrence of earlier nucleation in the presence of magnetite. Few of the lysozyme crystals formed were physically associated with these minerals. More protein crystals were associated with topaz, lepidolite and apophyllite, which exhibit a close match of their crystalline lattice to that of lysozyme.
Prolonged suppression of tinnitus after peripheral nerve block using bupivacaine and lidocaine.

Objective: The local anesthetic lidocaine has been shown to suppress tinnitus, albeit very temporarily, when administered intravenously. Long-term suppression by local anesthetics has not been reported. Bupivacaine has not been studied. Here we report a case of prolonged (1-month) suppression of tinnitus following a peripheral nerve block performed with lidocaine and bupivacaine. Case Report: A 57-year-old man undergoing facet and sacroiliac infiltration with lidocaine and bupivacaine experienced symptoms of systemic local anesthetic toxicity. He described significant perioral numbness. Shortly after this the patient noted that his long-standing and severe tinnitus was completely gone. Follow-up 1 month later revealed the tinnitus had not returned. Longer-term follow-up was not possible because the patient died. Conclusions: There are no reports regarding the use of bupivacaine for suppression of tinnitus. Although previous reports studying lidocaine for this purpose have shown only a brief effect, the use of bupivacaine or a combination of lidocaine and bupivacaine, as in this case, may represent a treatment for tinnitus that is worth further investigation. There currently is no effective long-term therapy for this debilitating problem.
Sink or Swim: Training to Be an Obstetrician

June 14,1928, my first obstetric delivery! In my just-completed second year at Harvard Medical School, the training had included only 12 lectures in obstetrics from "Chubby" Newell and an intense study of a mimeographed syllabus that might have been titled "How to Deliver a Baby." I had reported to the Boston Lying-In Hospital's "district" headquarters along with two classmates whose ignorance equaled mine, each of us armed with his self-prepared bag of instruments, gloves, cotton, and pans for sterilization by boiling water on the kitchen stove. For medication we each had an ounce of fluid extract of ergot that was replaced daily from the hospital with a freshly prepared supply. The patients had all been screened by the lordly interns who conducted the hospital's prenatal clinics, and the women, mostly multiparas, lived all over the eastern suburbs. When a telephone call came into the district headquarters, one of us would
Agreement in personality trait ratings: At first and over time

Despite conventional wisdom to the contrary, researchers have failed to consistently find a relationship between acquaintance and interjudge agreement in perceptions of personality traits. One hundred and thirty-one participants divided into 29 small groups rated themselves and other group members on 7 personality traits 3 times over the course of 6 months with initial measures completed within the first week of acquaintance. Improving upon previous designs to include the initial acquaintance period revealed that agreement in judgments of group members’ emotional stability and conscientiousness increased within the first 8 weeks of acquaintance. After 8 weeks, agreement did not increase for any of the traits. Results are interpreted to bridge the gap between empirical findings and lay knowledge of the acquaintance process.
Touch preparation of breast core needle specimens is a new method for same-day diagnosis

Background Touch preparation cytology (TPC) has proven to be a quick and accurate intraoperative diagnostic tool for excisional breast biopsy, margins and sentinel nodes. We hypothesized that TPC of core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens can provide a same-day diagnosis in the outpatient setting. Methods Outpatients presenting with breast lesions underwent TPC of biopsy cores performed by biopsy gun or vacuum-assisted CNB. The TPC results were compared with the final diagnosis of CNB specimens. Results In all, 199 CNB and TP were performed between August 1997 and October 2002. Twenty-nine percent of lesions were malignant. Touch preparation was deferred in 21% of cases. In the remaining 157 evaluable cases, TPC had an accuracy of 89% and a false negative rate of 26%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TPC were 74%, 97%, 93%, and 86% respectively. Conclusions Touch preparation cytology on CNB can be performed simply in the outpatient setting. Collaboration between the surgeon and pathologist allows TP to be an accurate means of same-day pathological determination.
Autobiographical memory specificity in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse

Some psychotherapists believe that adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are characterised by memory deficits for their childhood. Using the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), we asked nonabused control participants and participants who reported either continuous, recovered, or repressed memories of CSA to retrieve a specific personal memory in response to either positive or negative cue words from either childhood or adolescence/adulthood. The results indicated that participants who believed they harboured repressed memories of abuse tended to exhibit the greatest difficulty retrieving specific memories from their childhood. Neither posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) nor major depression was related to diminished memory specificity.
Using animations and visual cueing to support learning of scientific concepts and processes

The purpose of the study is to investigate the potential benefits of using animation, visual cueing, and their combination in a multimedia environment designed to support learners' acquisition and retention of scientific concepts and processes. Undergraduate participants (N=119) were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions in a 2x2 factorial design with visual presentation format (animated vs. static graphics) and visual cueing (visual cues vs. no cues) as factors. Participants provided with animations retained significantly more concepts than their peers provided with static graphics and those afforded visual cues learned equally well but in significantly less time than their counterparts in uncued conditions. Moreover, taking into consideration both learning outcomes and learning time, cued participants displayed more instructional efficiency than their uncued peers. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Optimal prediction of the mobile-radio fading envelope

Long-range prediction of the mobile-radio fading envelope is an enabling. technology for many fading compensation approaches. Because the fading envelope is well modeled as a bandlimited process it has special predictability properties. In this paper, we find a linear predictor which is optimal in the mean-square sense when the predictor impulse response is energy constrained. This solution may be used to determine the minimum mean squared error of a prediction based upon past values that are corrupted with estimation errors.
Immunocytochemical localization of a histone H2A variant in the mammalian nucleolar chromatin

Abstract The distribution of protein “A”, a minor variant of H2A present in the mouse testis, was studied in the liver and brain nuclei using peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The data presented here suggest that nucleolar-associated chromatin is highly enriched in protein “A”. Microspectrophotometric measurements corroborate the immunocytochemical data. The regional differentiation in the eukaryotic chromatin, therefore, may involve qualitative changes in the histone composition.
Effect of Ionic Species on the Structures and Properties of Salt‐Containing PEO/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

This contribution describes the preparation and characterization of PEO/montmorillonite nanocomposite gels and films containing various lithium and sodium salts. The objective is to understand how the size and diffusion abilities of different ionic species added to these systems alter the crystallinity of the polymer, and affect the mechanical properties and ionic conductivities of the solid nanocomposites. The network strength of the polymer/clay dispersions influences decisively the crystallinity of the PEO chains and the final layered texture of the solid films. The characteristics of films were investigated using a combination of techniques, such as DSC, DMA, DEA, SEM, SAXS and XRD.
Content routing in the Vehicle Cloud

The advance of vehicle technology has brought to us the concept of Vehicle Cloud (VC). When Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications are unavailable, have failed or are too costly, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications fill the gap enabling VC services. In this paper, we discuss an important VC service, content-based routing, that allows future VC applications to store, share and search data totally within the Cloud. We review the critical issues of content discovery and forwarding in a content-based VC. Moreover, we introduce Bloom-Filter Routing (BFR), a proactive content discovery scheme for popular contents, to tackle the mobility and large content population challenges. BFR is compared to popular reactive content discovery schemes in practical VANET scenarios. The results show that proactive content discovery (i.e. BFR) suits non-sharable data, while reactive content discovery works well with popular sharable data. Consequently, we propose an adaptive hybrid approach that combines proactive and reactive strategies.
Estimating toner usage with laser electrophotographic printers

Accurate estimation of toner usage is an area of on-going importance for laser, electrophotographic (EP) printers. We propose a new two-stage approach in which we first predict on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the absorptance from printed and scanned pages. We then form a weighted sum of these pixel values to predict overall toner usage on the printed page. The weights are chosen by least-squares regression to toner usage measured with a set of printed test pages. Our twostage predictor significantly outperforms existing methods that are based on a simple pixel counting strategy in terms of both accuracy and robustness of the predictions.
Personality and Lipid Level Differences Associated with Homosexual and Bisexual Identity in Men

Self-identified homosexual (n =30), bisexual (n =29), and heterosexual (n =31) men were compared on measures of gender-typical behavior, sex role, ego strength, and lipid levels. Homosexual men differed significantly from the heterosexual men on the gender-typical behavior and feminine sex-role measure (both in adulthood and in childhood), and several trends and significant differences were found on the biochemical measures of lipid levels (especially when 7 obese men were removed from the analyses). As a rule, the bisexual men were different from the heterosexual men on the above measures, but were indistinguishable from the homosexual men. Bisexuals differed from both of the other two groups, however, by scoring lower on the ego strength scale and by reporting themselves to be more often troubled, lonely, and depressed. We caution that the lipid analyses were made on single blood samples and require an extended replication; however, we report the data because of their possible theoretical interest and because they replicate work of 20 years ago.
Intermittent hydronephrosis as a cause of a false-negative pressure-flow study.

A case is reported of a negative pressure-flow study in a patient with intermittent hydronephorosis. This is the first known report of a properly performed pressure-flow study failing to diagnose obstruction due to the intermittent nature of the obstruction itself. This case also supports the concept that the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) can be intrinsically normal in patients with intermittent hydronephrosis secondary to a crossing renal vessel. It also reaffirms the need to study these patients while they are symptomatic.
CAN BARIUM SUPPORT THE RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE BY NERVE IMPULSES

Conventional electrophysiological techniques were used to study the effects of Ba on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from frog motor nerve terminals. Equimolar substitution of Ba for Ca eliminated end-plate potentials (e.p.ps) without a corresponding decline in the amplitude of the nerve terminal action potential. Miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.ps) were readily detectable in Ba solutions despite a depolarized muscle membrane. Studies on the e.p.p. in curarized preparations bathed with different concentrations of Ca and Ba suggest that Ba may compete with Ca in the process by which depolarization of the nerve terminal leads to the release of ACh. Repetitive nerve stimulation at 1 Hz in Ba solutions caused 5-20 fold increases in m.e.p.p. frequencies (7 experiments). Stimulation of Ba-bathed preparations at 10 Hz elevated m.e.p.p. frequencies to very high levels that could not be measured accurately (''100/s). It is suggested that the asynchronous discharge of m.e.p.ps produced by repetitive nerve stimulation is the electrophysiological correlate of the evoked ACh outflow in Ba solutions detected previously by bioassay of ther perfusion fluid.
Resurgence of Ethnic Nationalism in California and Germany: The Impact on Recent Progress in Education

California, 1994: The results of the Fall general elections included the passage of Proposition 187 by a large majority of the California electorate. The state referendum proposed to withhold virtually all government services and benefits to "illegal" immigrants in the state, including support to families with dependent children, most health care, and all education to children of undocumented immigrant parents. Its proponents argued that this population does not legally qualify for the aforementioned benefits and services, and that they are too costly a burden for the taxpaying citizens of this country's largest state. Although implementation has been blocked by a series of court orders, a redefinition of ethnic group relations and the open persecution of undocumented Mexicans and other suspects was clearly established in the state, region, if not the whole of the United States. [Macias 1995:4-5] Germany, 1992: During the course of fieldwork in September, a colleague and I sat in a restaurant in Mainz, discussing a variety of topics related to my comparative research project-migration, education, and integration of ethnic groups in Germany, as well as related "hot" topics including German reunification, the European Community, guestworkers, and the like. Midway through our main course a sudden flash of light and a deafening thud from the front of the building interrupted the tranquil evening. We were later to learn-after the initial shock, confusion, and arrival of the police squad cars-that we had just witnessed a violent attack by a German "redneck" on the Syrian restaurant in which we were dining. Fortunately no one was injured in this incident, there was minor damage to the property, and we were able to continue, as our conversation turned to the escalating German hostility and Anthropology & Education Quarterly 27(2):232-252. Copyright ? 1996, American
Acid hydrolases of the coccidian Eimeria tenella.

Activities of acid hydrolases were higher in sporozoites ofEimeria tenella than in unsporulated and sporulated oocysts. These enzymes along with proteinases may be involved in the penetration of epithelial cells of chicken cecum by sporozoites.
Strategic Vision and Values in Top Leaders’ Communications: Motivating Language at a Higher Level

This study extends motivating language theory (MLT) to clarify how top leaders can construct and transmit strategic vision communications and related values messages to improve organizational perfo...
Excretory phase CT urography for opacification of the urinary collecting system.

The purpose of our study was threefold: to evaluate the ability of excretory phase CT urography to opacify the urinary collecting system by comparing opacification seen on CT with the opacification seen on a series of unmatched IV urography examinations; to determine the optimal CT urography technique for ureteral filling by comparing studies of patients who were imaged supine, prone, and with abdominal compression; and to assess the possible value that reformatted planar images might add to axial excretory phase images.Seventy patients with hematuria were imaged in one of four ways. Twenty-five patients underwent contrast-enhanced excretory phase helical CT of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. All patients were imaged in a supine position. Ten other patients underwent a similar CT protocol in which we used abdominal compression. Ten further patients underwent excretory phase CT while in a prone position. A final 25 patients underwent IV urography. Each patient's collecting system was arbitrarily divided...
The RecA hexamer is a structural homologue of ring helicases

The RecA protein forms a hexameric ring that is similar to the core of the F1-ATPase. Several lines of evidence suggest that this hexamer may be a structural homologue of ring helicases.
On the differences between animals that learn and do not learn to avoid electric shock

Of 222 hooded rats given shuttlebox avoidance training, 72% met a learning, criterion of three avoidance responses. The remainder failed to learn, 6% by avoiding twice, 8% by avoiding once, and 14% by not avoiding shock at all. Ss that learn escape shock more rapidly than non-learners, but Ss that avoid twice escape with latencies more like learners that non-learners. Maximum escape latency differentiates Ss making 2 and 3 avoidance responses from those making 0 and 1 avoidance response, and is the best predicator of rate of learning among learners. Both groups show an increase in escape latency during the first 6 trials followed by a gradual decrease in escape latency.
Five blind men and the elephant: what can the NASA Aura ozone measurements tell us about stratosphere-troposphere exchange?

Abstract. We examine whether the individual ozone (O3) measurements from the four Aura instruments can quantify the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) flux of O3, an important term of the tropospheric O3 budget. The level 2 (L2) Aura swath data and the nearly coincident ozone sondes for the years 2005–2006 are compared with the 4-D, high-resolution (1° × 1° × 40-layer × 0.5 h) model simulation of atmospheric ozone for the same period from the University of California, Irvine chemistry transport model (CTM). The CTM becomes a transfer standard for comparing individual profiles from these five, not-quite-coincident measurements of atmospheric ozone. Even with obvious model discrepancies identified here, the CTM can readily quantify instrument-instrument biases in the tropical upper troposphere and mid-latitude lower stratosphere. In terms of STE processes, all four Aura datasets have some skill in identifying stratosphere-troposphere folds, and we find several cases where both model and measurements see evidence of high-O3 stratospheric air entering the troposphere. In many cases identified in the model, however, the individual Aura profile retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere show too much noise, as expected from their low sensitivity and coarse vertical resolution at and below the tropopause. These model-measurement comparisons of individual profiles do provide some level of confidence in the model-derived STE O3 flux, but it will be difficult to integrate this flux from the satellite data alone.
Nursing home administrators' views of volunteers' work in an ombudsman program

Abstract This research investigated nursing home administrators' (NHAs) perceptions of visits of volunteers in an ombudsman program in relation to effectiveness and satisfaction. Unlike placements of other volunteers made at the behest of organizations, visits of volunteer advocates, which may be mandated and include evaluative assessments of care, usually do not occur at the invitation of NHAs. Yet, outcomes for administrators are not often studied. Despite research showing stress attributed to interaction with state agencies, questionnaire data from 196 NHAs indicated that more contact between volunteers and NHAs was associated with perceptions of greater effectiveness and satisfaction. Those who found visits infrequent and with little impact rated the work of volunteers as less effective and were less satisfied. Qualitative data describe unexpected benefits of visits that were internal and external to the facilities.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Active Migration of Living Cells in a Microchannel

Leukocytes and other living cells can deform and migrate actively toward the source of chemoattractant. This directed movement of cells, known as chemotaxis, plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune response of the body, and cancer metastasis. The cell's active deformation and migration are driven by intracellular forces generated by polymerization/depolymerization of cytoskeletal filaments. To numerically study these processes, we have implemented the Dembo's reactive interpenetrating flow formalism and polymerization force model into our three-dimensional volume-of-fluid (VOF)-based computational algorithm for viscoelastic cell deformation. The resulting computational model takes into account passive mechanical properties of the cell, extracellular diffusion of chemoattractant molecules, intracellular diffusion of signaling molecules, intracellular active force generation, and physiological shear flow conditions. We have applied this algorithm to study chemotaxis of nonadherent leukocytes in a rectangular microchannel in the presence or absence of shear flow. The numerical data have been tested against the corresponding experimental data.
NFPA's perspectives on performance-based codes and standards

Our ability to predict fire behavior and its effects on our lives has greatly improved over the past quarter century. Numerous scientific advancements have introduced new approaches and tools for the fire safety-related design of both the built environment and the development of new products. However, many of these new methods are not currently used on a routine basis.
Saalian supercycle, Mindel/Riss interglacial and Milankovitch's dating

Abstract There are five Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles recorded in deep-sea sediments from the last half million years, but only two classic interglacials are recognized on land. The dilemma stems from the different understanding and identification of glacials and interglacials in the geologic records on land and in the ocean. Only those intervals of warm climate that followed a major southward ice sheet advance and were accompanied by a deep penetrating oceanic transgression were recognized in their type areas of Northern Europe as true interglacials. Only those ice advances which left moraines farther south than younger ones were recognized as glacials. In contrast, all intervals reflecting exceptionally low global ice volume, high sea level and warm sea surface are taken as interglacials in the deep-sea record. Classic subdivisions are aligned with the glacial/interglacial cycles of marine isotope stage stratigraphies by proposed higher order units called supercycles (SC), bracketed by superterminations (ST). The Saalian supercycle (SC2) includes glacial cycles C, D and E composed of marine isotope stages MIS 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. The units MIS 7 to MIS 11 correspond to the Great (Gross) Interglacial, estimated from the early geologic considerations to be about 240 millennia long [Penck and Bruckner, 1909. Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter, vols. 1–3. Christian-Herman Tauchnitz, Leipzig] and determined from astronomic computations to last 235 millennia [Milankovitch, 1941. Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Anwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem. Academie Royale Serbe Editions Speciales Section des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles, Tome CXXXIII. Stamparija Mihaila Curcica, Beograd, 633pp.). The current high precision radiometric dating fully confirms the accuracy of Milankovitch's determination and the pivotal role of orbital mechanisms in Pleistocene climate change.
Assessment of tricuspid regurgitation by directional analysis of right atrial systolic linear reflux echoes with contrast M-mode echocardiography

Twenty-seven individuals were studied for diagnostic assessment of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) using directional analysis of echo contrast lines on M-mode echocardiograms (MME). Group I consisted of 12 patients with physical findings, as well as phonocardiogram and jugular venous pulse tracings, compatible with TR. Group II consisted of five normal volunteers and 10 control patients without any evidence of congestive heart failure or TR. Following peripheral venous injection of contrast material, all 12 patients in group I demonstrated linear reflux contrast echoes in the right atrium (RA) on MME consisting of multiple posteriorly directed echo lines throughout systole behind the tricuspid valve. In addition, linear reflux contrast echoes in the hepatic vein directed away from its entry into the inferior vena cava were noted in 8 of the 12 patients by a cursor-placed MME. The remaining 15 patients in group II showed none of the above findings on contrast echocardiography. These observations indicate that linear systolic reflux contrast echoes in the RA behind the tricuspid valve on MME may be a specific and sensitive sign of TR.
Adaptation to visual and proprioceptive rearrangement: Origin of the differential effectiveness of active and passive movements

Experiments were conducted to measure and compare the accuracy with which subjects pointed to visual targets before and after an exposure period in which they received systematic proprioceptive misinformation about the locations of visual targets. The crucial factor determining whether adaptation will be elicited is shown to be the presence of a discordance in the positional information being conveyed over two different sensory modalities. Another experiment was carried out to study the effectiveness of active and passive movements in eliciting adaptation when the subjects were exposed to a systematic discordance between the visual and proprioceptive locations of external targets without being permitted sight of their hands. Superiority of active over passive movements in producing adaptation to visual rearrangement is due to the greater accuracy of position sense information about voluntarily moved limbs, partly derived from the contribution of muscle afferent signals.
The role of test scores in explaining race and gender differences in wages

Abstract Previous research has suggested that skills reflected in test-score performance on tests such as the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) can account for some of the racial differences in average wages. I use a more complete set of test scores available with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort to reconsider this evidence, and the results suggest a conclusion similar to earlier research. I also examine the ability of test scores to account for gender differences in wages. Women do not perform as well as men on two math-oriented tests, but they perform better on two speed-oriented tests that appear to have a strong relationship with wages. On net, the test-score difference can help account for only a small part of the gender difference in wages (for any race). Further results suggest that unexplained race and gender differences in wages have been growing over time for the 1979 cohort.
Sir Henry Thompson: Royal stones.

“Sir, you have a stone in the bladder,” said Thompson with a great deal of certainty. “That is impossible” retorted the patient, “I have been assured by a very rising surgeon that there is nothing of the kind present.” Thompson looked at the patient and said simply, “Sir, I have risen.” Henry Thompson (Fig. 1), born in 1820 in Framlingham, Suffolk, was the son of a strict preacher. Despite his father’s objections, Henry pursued a career in medicine. He graduated from University College Hospital in 1850 and became a house surgeon.
A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Treatment of Depression in Primary Care

Background: This research study evaluates the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention program to improve the management of depression in primary care. Methods: One hundred fifty-three primary care patients with current depression were entered into a randomized controlled trial. Intervention patients received a structured depression treatment program in the primary care setting that included both behavioral treatment to increase use of adaptive coping strategies and counseling to improve medication adherence. Control patients received "usual" care by their primary care physicians. Outcome measures included adherence to antidepressant medication, satisfaction with care of depression and with antidepressant treatment, and reduction of depressive symptoms over time. Results: At 4-month follow-up, significantly more intervention patients with major and minor depression than usual care patients adhered to antidepressant medication and rated the quality of care they received for depression as good to excellent. Intervention patients with major depression demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in depression severity over time compared with usual care patients on all 4 outcome analyses. Intervention patients with minor depression were found to have a significant decrease over time in depression severity on only 1 of 4 study outcome analyses compared with usual care patients. Conclusion: A multifaceted primary care intervention improved adherence to antidepressant regimens and satisfaction with care in patients with major and minor depression. The intervention consistently resulted in more favorable depression outcomes among patients with major depression, while outcome effects were ambiguous among patients with minor depression.
Developmental changes in relationship quality in gay and lesbian cohabiting couples.

Changes over 3 annual assessments were examined for both partners of 61 gay and 42 lesbian couples on current levels of attachment, autonomy, and equality in the relationship; the importance of attachment, autonomy, and equality in an ideal relationship; and relationship commitment. Lesbian partners rated ideal equality as more important than did gay partners; for both gay and lesbian partners, the importance of ideal attachment decreased over time; and for lesbian partners only, the importance of ideal equality changed curvilinearly over time. For both gay and lesbian partners, changes in relationship commitment over time were explained by changes in the discrepancy between current and ideal levels of equality as well as between current levels of attachment and current levels of autonomy
The processing of informationally relevant signals in the cochlea

Abstract The cochlear microphonic potential (CM) and summating potential (SP) response, recorded at locations beyond the point of maximum frequency response and elicited by high intensity elementary acoustical signals with Δ f Δ f = f 0 f 0 = 1 2 , (where Δ f is signal bandwidth, Δ t is signal duration, f 0 is signal midfrequency, t 0 is signal midperiod), are of similar shape and duration even when the stimulus dimensions are changed in a compensated way, thus exhibiting a constant response to constant informational relations. The constant CM and SP temporal response indicates that at locations beyond the point of maximum frequency response, a hydrodynamic wavelength-intensity trade in cochlear fluid movement occurs. In amplitude, the negative SP response is spatially distributed with respect to the components of the applied signal. The results of this study provide support for a model of cochlear functioning based on cochlear hydrodynamics and the two hair cell systems of the cochlea.
Is IRAS cirrus cloud emission largely fine-structure radiation?

The contribution of line emission to the diffuse 'cirrus' radiation components observed by IRAS at 60 and 100 microns, respectively, is evaluated. The cirrus radiation was observed straddling the galactic plane to latitudes of + or - 80 degrees. Comparison of the observed brightness from cirrus clouds with forbidden line emission of O I and O III at 63 and 88 microns showed that the flux levels observed by IRAS are of the same order as the fine-structure line emission predicted by Stacey et al. (1985). It is argued that the fine-structure line emission from neutral gas at 63 microns as well as the line emission from diffuse ionized clouds at 88 microns, are significant components in most clouds, in some clouds they are the prime source of cirrus radiation.
Kaweah serpentinite mélange, southwest Sierra Nevada foothills, California

Prebatholithic rocks of the southwest Sierra Nevada foothills contain a 125-km-long northwest-trending disrupted and metamorphosed ophiolite belt. Much of the belt consists of a serpentinite-matrix melange in which the ophiolitic material is dispersed. The melange matrix consists of schistose serpentinite derived from tectonitic peridotite and sedimentary serpentinite. The tectonic blocks consist mainly of peridotite, gabbro, basalt, chert, ophicalcite, and silica-carbonate rock and are as long as several kilometres. Within the tectonic blocks relict primary features such as bedding, pillows, dikes, and cumulate layering remain. The melange represents disrupted and internally mixed oceanic lithosphere of latest Paleozoic to possibly earliest Mesozoic age. Outcrop mapping of the melange reveals clustering of blocks into several lithologic associations. The associations are defined as melange units, which appear to represent the vestiges of once-intact ocean-floor sections. Three types of melange units have been recognized: (1) peridotite-gabbro units; (2) gabbro-basalt units; and (3) peridotite-chert-basalt units. The first two units represent crust and upper mantle whose deformation and metamorphic history began at the site of ocean-floor genesis. The third unit represents abnormal crust composed of ultramafic protrusions and interbedded sedimentary serpentinite, ophicalcite, chert, and pillow lava. Protrusive activity also started at the site of ocean-floor genesis and continued for an extended time after sea-floor–spreading transport of the ophiolite belt away from the genesis site. Genesis was at an oceanic spreading center that was cut by a transverse fracture zone. Ocean-floor melange developed along the fracture zone by the combined effect of protrusive acitivity and wrench faulting. Emplacement of the fracture-zone complex (ophiolite belt) resulted from large-scale wrench faulting that truncated the ancient continental margin and juxtaposed the complex against the modified margin. During transport to the continental margin, a chert-argillite oliostostrome complex was shed across the ophiolite belt. The olistostromes carried limestone blocks with fauna exotic to North America. Once in the vicinity of the continental margin, the ophiolite belt served as basement for continent-derived submarine-fan deposits and island-arc volcanic rocks, both of Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic age. Deformation of these strata along with their ophiolitic basement continued along the older fracture zone trends. The strata now exist as highly deformed depositional remnants above serpentinite melange.
Early fracture of the mandibular condyles: Frequently an unsuspected cause of growth disturbances

Experience with patients referred to the Dentofacial Clinic at the University of North Carolina indicates that previous fracture of the mandibular condylar process may be involved in 5 to 10 percent of all severe mandibular deficiency or asymmetry problems. Since these fractures often go undiagnosed and since three fourths of the children with fractures have no growth deficits, the incidence of condylar fractures probably is much higher than commonly thought. Management of fracture patients immediately following the accident, during the postinjury stages of mandibular growth, and at completion or near-completion of growth is discussed.
Integration of today's digital state with tomorrow's visual environment

AbstractNew developments in visual communication technologies, and the increasingly digital nature of the industry infrastructure asa whole, are converging to enable new visual environments with an enhanced visual component in interaction, entertain-ment, and education. New applications and markets can be created, but this depends on the ability of the visual communica-tions industry to provide market solutions that are cost effective and user friendly. Industry-wide cooperation in thedevelopment of integrated, open architecture applications enables the realization of such market solutions. This paperdescribes the work being done by Texas Instruments, in the development of its Digital Light ProcessingTM technology, tosupport the development of new visual communications technologies and applications. 1. IntroductionSociety increasingly values the freedom to access information and media anytime and at anyplace.Information must be pertinent, and easy to review in the least amount of time. In contrast to simplycommunicating through text such as email or voice, communication should ideally incorporate a visualcomponent to convey complete thoughts. Harvard Business School's marketing and psychology profes-sor, Gerald Zaitman, states that "people think in images, not words, words represent but don't shapethinking." Zaltman submits that society shares mental models that influence people's thinking andbehavior [1]. Presenting ideas in visual terms enables clear and complete communication. Observinghow teams work, we can easily recognize the importance of visual aids. Sketching ideas disciplines andstimulates thinking while allowing for a common language intuitively understood by other team mem-bers. In history, both the printing press and the telephone changed the world, bringing ideas, informa-tion and people together. Today, visual communication has the same potential for changing the way wework, live and learn.Early attempts at pursuing visual services have been high risk and expensive. System applications inthese environments are not seamless and flexible. Technology solutions pursued by individual compa-nies are exposed to changes made by other companies. Industry volatility limits any one company'sability to provide compelling and seamless solutions. To address risk and to ensure the creation of newmarkets with truly breakthrough applications, collaborative market efforts and collaborative platformefforts are needed to ensure cross platform solutions that add substantial value for everyone in the cre-ation to delivery value chain.Texas Instrument's Digital Light Processing (DLPTM) platforms enable visual communication solu-tions that will allow OEMs and system integrators to develop innovative solutions and applications fora whole host of visual communication environments. TI's DLP engines will allow for cross platformand digital connectivity solutions as TI, in collaboration with OEMs and system integrators, developsnew platforms, new applications and new markets for tommorrow's visual communication environ-ment.
A peptide library approach identifies a specific inhibitor for the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase.

Summary cally blocked signaling downstream of ZAP-70. Our studies extend the range of experimental approaches We utilized a novel peptide library approach to identify specific inhibitors of ZAP-70, a protein Tyr kinase in- for probing ZAP-70 function in vivo and introduce a technique for developing protein kinase inhibitors that volved in T cell activation. By screening more than 6 billion peptides oriented by a common Tyr residue could be useful for a wide range of protein kinases. for their ability to bind to ZAP-70, we determined a consensus optimal peptide. A Phe-for-Tyr substituted Results and Discussion version of the peptide inhibited ZAP-70 protein Tyr kinase activity by competing with protein substrates In order to identify high-affinity inhibitors of the ZAP-70 (KI of 2 mM). The related protein Tyr kinases, Lck and protein Tyr kinase, we screened a Tyr-oriented peptide Syk, were not significantly inhibited by the peptide. library by affinity purification rather than by catalytic When introduced into intact T cells, the peptide conversion. The peptide library used contained the seblocked signaling downstream of ZAP-70, including quence Met-Ala-X-X-X-X-Tyr-X-X-X-X-Ala-Lys-Lys-Lys ZAP-70-dependent gene induction, without affecting where X indicates all amino acids except Trp, Cys, or upstream Tyr phosphorylation. Thus, screening Tyr- Tyr. The predicted degeneracy of this library is 178 < oriented peptide libraries can identify selective pep- 6.9 billion. Screening was performed in the presence of tide inhibitors of protein Tyr kinases. 100 mM ATP but in the absence of Mg 21 to prevent
Massive superspace — A superspace with massive scalars and gauginos

Abstract We introduce a superspace whose global metric is modified in the fermionic sector and hence does not have the canonical supersymmetry. This introduces masses for physical scalar particles and gauginos with their superpartners remaining massless. Cancellation of quadratic divergences among fermion and boson loops is exhibited at one-loop level.
Physiologic role of prostaglandins of the E(PGE), F(PGF) and AB(PGAB) groups. Estimation by radioimmunoassay in unextracted human plasma.

Abstract Simple, accurate and reliable radioimmunoassays for estimating prostaglandins of the E(PGE), F(PGF) and AB(PGAB) groups in human plasma have been developed. With the assays we have found a plasma PGE concentration of 0.35–1.20 mμg/ml in normal males and 0.25–1.30 mμg/ml in normal females, a PGF concentration of 0.40–1.50 mμg/ml in normal males and 0.30–1.40 mμg/ml in normal females and a PGAB concentration of 0.04–0.77 mμg/ml in normal males and 0.12–0.81 mμg/ml in normal females. Significant circadian changes in PG levels with highest values in the early morning hours were observed in normal subjects. During the menstrual cycle in normal females PG levels were highest at midcycle and during the luteal phase. A rise in PG levels was observed during the last trimester of gestation, at the peak of the uterine contraction and during delivery. In patients with essential hypertension plasma PG levels usually were within normal limits. In normal males PGE concentration in seminal fluid ranged from 10.9–60.0 μg/ml, PGF from 9.2 to 34.5 μg/ml and PGAB from 41 to 171 μg/ml. Our assays have made it possible to understand the role of prostaglandins in some physiologic events. We hope they also would be useful to study the role of prostaglandins in human diseases.
Optical performance of the 6.5-m off-axis New Planetary Telescope

We describe an off-axis design for a 6.5-m astronomical telescope optimized for low scattered light and low emissivity. This is part of a new concept for an instrument that we call the New Planetary Telescope. We show how the geometric optical performance can equal that of an on-axis conventional telescope while the diffractive performance fundamentally surpasses conventional telescopes because of the absence of pupil obstruction. The decentered concept also allows wide-field and versatile instrumentation configurations that are not possible with more-conventional designs.
l-dopa-induced reversal in striatal glutamate following partial depletion of nigrostriatal dopamine with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

Abstract We have reported that 1 month following acute (20mg/kg×4) or subchronic (30mg/kg/day×7d) administration of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, there is an increase or decrease, respectively, in the extracellular level of striatal glutamate as determined by in vivo microdialysis [Robinson S, Freeman P, Moore C, Touchon JC, Krentz L, Meshul CK (2003) Acute and subchronic MPTP administration differentially affects striatal glutamate synaptic function. Exp Neurol 180:73–86]. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of treatment with l -dopa (15mg/kg) for 21 days on striatal glutamate starting on day 8 after the first dose of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine was administered to mice. Following acute administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, the increase in extracellular striatal glutamate due to lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway was completely reversed to a level below that found in the vehicle-treated group after l -dopa treatment. Subchronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment resulted in a decrease in striatal extracellular glutamate that was reversed to the level close to that observed in the vehicle-treated group. There was no change in the density of nerve terminal glutamate immunolabeling associated with the synaptic vesicle pool, suggesting that the alterations in extracellular glutamate most likely originated from the calcium-independent pool. There was a similar decrease in the relative density of tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling, a marker for dopamine terminals, within the dorsolateral striatum in both the acute and subchronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated groups that had been administered l -dopa. There was a decrease in the relative density of immunolabeling within the dorsolateral striatum for the glutamate transporter, GLT-1, following acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment in the groups administered either vehicle or l -dopa. There was no change in GLT-1 immunolabeling following subchronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The results demonstrate that the reversal in the extracellular level of striatal glutamate following l -dopa treatment in both the acute and subchronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated groups is not due to changes in either striatal dopamine nerve terminals or in the density of the glutamate transporter, GLT-1.
The role of explosion limit chemical kinetics in H2-CO-O2 detonations

The role of explosion limit kinetics is explored by applying three different explosion limits to detonation waves traveling at a critical Mach number in stoichiometric mixture of H2-CO-O2. Such waves are achieved by subjecting normal Chapman-Jouguet waves to a gaseous boundary and bringing them to a critical velocity below which quenching would result. It is found that the critical velocities can be explained by the explosion limit advanced by Minkoff and Tipper when recent applicable rate constants (slightly modified) are used. In addition, this explosion limit seems to give a reasonable prediction of the lean detonation limit of CO-H2-O2 mixtures, although it fails to agree with the experimental evidence at the rich detonation limit end found in the literature.