cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the regulatory role of lipocalin 2 in high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue remodeling in male mice.

Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) has previously been characterized as an adipokine/cytokine playing a role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In this study, we investigate the role of Lcn2 in adipose tissue remodeling during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We find that Lcn2 protein is highly abundant selectively in inguinal adipose tissue. During 16 weeks of HFD feeding, the inguinal fat depot expanded continuously, whereas the expansion of the epididymal fat depot was reduced in both wild-type (WT) and Lcn2−/− mice. Interestingly, the depot-specific effect of HFD on fat mass was exacerbated and appeared more pronounced and faster in Lcn2−/− mice than in WT mice. In Lcn2−/− mice, adipocyte hypertrophy in both inguinal and epididymal adipose tissue was more profoundly induced by age and HFD when compared with WT mice. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ protein was significantly down-regulated, whereas the gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins was up-regulated selectively in epididymal adipocytes of Lcn2−/− mice. Consistent with these observations, collagen deposition was selectively higher in the epididymal, but not in the inguinal adipose depot of Lcn2−/− mice. Administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) restored adipogenic gene expression. However, Lcn2 deficiency did not alter the responsiveness of adipose tissue to Rosi effects on the extracellular matrix expression. Rosi treatment led to the further enlargement of adipocytes with improved metabolic activity in Lcn2−/− mice, which may be associated with a more pronounced effect of Rosi treatment in reducing TGF-β in Lcn2−/− adipose tissue. Consistent with these in vivo observations, Lcn2 deficiency reduces the adipocyte differentiation capacity of stromal-vascular cells isolated from HFD-fed mice in these cells. Herein Rosi treatment was again able to stimulate adipocyte differentiation to a similar extent in WT and Lcn2−/− inguinal and epididymal stromal-vascular cells. Thus, combined, our data indicate that Lcn2 has a depot-specific role in HFD-induced adipose tissue remodeling.
AGP: ocean model flow visualization

The diversity of flow visualization applications precludes any single solution to all problems and instead requires individual tools for specific purposes. The AGP (Acoustic monitoring of Global ocean climate Program) visualization system handles global-scale ocean models, where the most important goal is to gain an overview and general understanding of flow. Flow visualizations of a Pacific Ocean model for studying global warming have benefited from a "color wheel" technique. The color wheel has proved valuable in this context, and its applicability to hydrodynamic, meteorological and aerodynamic data sets is under investigation. >
A Partial Failure of Membrane Protein Turnover May Cause Alzheimers Disease: A New Hypothesis

The amyloid hypothesis has dominated the thinking in our attempts to understand, diagnose and develop drugs for Alzheimers disease (AD). This article presents a new hypothesis that takes into account the numerous familial AD (FAD) mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its processing pathways, but suggests a new perspective beyond toxicity of forms of the amyloid β-peptide (Abgr;). Clearly, amyloid deposits are an invariable feature of AD. Moreover, although APP is normally processed to secreted and membrane-bound fragments, sAPPbgr; and CTFb, by BACE, and the latter is subsequently processed by γ-secretase to Abgr; and CTFγ, this pathway mostly yields Ab of 40 residues, and increases in the levels of the amyloidogenic 42-residue Abgr; (Abgr;42) are seen in the majority of the mutations linked to the disease. The resulting theory is that the disease is caused by amyloid toxicity, which impairs memory and triggers deposition of the microtubule associated protein, Tau, as neurofibrillary tangles. Nevertheless, a few exceptional FAD mutations and the presence of large amounts of amyloid deposits in a group of cognitively normal elderly patients suggest that the disease process is more complex. Indeed, it has been hard to demonstrate the toxicity of Abgr;42 and the actual target has been shifted to small oligomers of the peptide, named Ab derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs). Our hypothesis is that the disease is more complex and caused by a failure of APP metabolism or clearance, which simultaneously affects several other membrane proteins. Thus, a traffic jam is created by failure of important pathways such as γ-secretase processing of residual intramembrane domains released from the metabolism of multiple membrane proteins, which ultimately leads to a multiple system failure. In this theory, toxicity of Abgr;42 will only contribute partially, if at all, to neurodegeneration in AD. More significantly, this theory would predict that focussing on specific reagents such as γ-secretase inhibitors that hamper metabolism of APP, may initially show some beneficial effects on cognitive performance by elimination of acutely toxic ADDLs, but over the longer term may exacerbate the disease process by reducing membrane protein turnover.
Bifurcation for Monge-Ampère equations on flat tori

In [4] (Theorem 2), we solved a Monge-Ampere equation, on a compact Riemannian manifold, which isnot a priori locally invertible. In particular, one cannot expect the solution to be unique. We investigate here, the way bifurcation phenomena may occur in such a case, with some explicit computations on flat tori.
No Recovery: Analysis of Mental Injury Cases under Workers’ Compensation

Abusive supervision, bullying, and sexual harassment sometimes produce mental injuries that make it difficult or impossible for employees to work. However, there are few remedies available for empl...
Relationship between fecal hormone concentrations and reproductive success in captive pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis)

Abstract The Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) is critically endangered and the focus of a captive-breeding program. However, reproductive success in captivity to date has not been sufficient to sustain reintroduction efforts. The goal of this study was to investigate patterns of fecal progestagen and glucocorticoid excretion in females during mating, gestation, and lactation and identify hormonal relationships to reproductive success. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 48 adult, female rabbits over 3 breeding seasons at a frequency of 4–7 samples per week. Results showed that a large (17-fold) increase in progestagen concentrations 1 day after mating provides a reliable means of determining if a successful mating occurred. In general, higher glucocorticoid concentrations during the breeding season, specifically during mating and gestation, were associated with lower reproductive success. Females that failed to conceive during the breeding season had higher glucocorticoid and lower...
Differential induction of activation and apoptosis by TCR signaling in sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques.

Background We previously showed that an increase in CD4+ T lymphocyte apoptosis and elevation of plasma tumor necrosisreceptor associated apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) occurs in rhesus macaques (RM) but not sooty mangabeys (SM) during acute SIV infection. Methods To further examine the mechanisms underlying differential apoptosis in SIV-infected RM and SM, we compared the in vitro responses to TCR signaling in seven SIVnegative SM and seven SIV-negative RM. PBMC were cultured for 18 hours with cross-linked CD3 and CD28 and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry for upregulation of CD69, TRAIL and active Caspase 3, and for production of cytokines. Results Following TCR stimulation, there was a significant increase in TRAIL on T cell subsets, NK cells and myeloid DC cells (mDCs) in both species. However, levels of membrane TRAIL were significantly higher in CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells of SM compared to RM suggesting that they may be more cytotoxic on activation. TCR stimulation also resulted in an upregulation of CD69 and production of IFNg ,I L-2 and TNFa by T cell subsets in both species with greater levels being observed in SM. In contrast to SM, RM showed significantly higher frequencies of apoptotic mDCs both ex vivo and following TCR stimulation. In vivo inoculation of RM with SIVmac239 resulted in increased frequency of ex vivo apoptotic mDCs at 2-3 weeks post-infection. Increased apoptosis was also observed after overnight culture in medium but was abrogated by addition of soluble death receptor 5 indicating that it was TRAILmediated.
The effects of current landscape configuration on streamflow within selected small watersheds of the Atlanta metropolitan region

Abstract Study region This study investigated impacts of current landscape configuration on streamflow within selected small watersheds of the Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan region (AMR). Study focus To determine effects of current landscape arrangement on watershed-wide Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC)-12 land cover/land use (LC/LU), the configurational metric of contagion was chosen. Contagion-adjusted curve numbers (CNs) were calculated for all 405 HUC-12 watersheds in the AMR. 6 watersheds were chosen for Thornthwaite Water Balance (TWB) model evaluation based upon having a stream gage record of the 5 year (60 month) period most closely associated with contagion and CN values derived from the 2011 National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). 4 watersheds out-performed their original CN watershed simulations based upon: Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE); room mean square error (RMSE)-standard deviation ratio (RSR); and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) analysis. New hydrological insights Configurational metrics related to contagion of the aggregation index (AI) and clumpiness index (CI) indicated possible reasoning to explain differences found between the 4-watershed and 2-watershed categories. The AI of agricultural LC/LU within the 2-watershed category suggested greater landscape heterogeneity due to agricultural patch disaggregation, whereas the CI suggested greater overall disaggregation and landscape dispersion for all non-water LC/LU patches within the 2-watershed category and pointed towards greater landscape heterogeneity driven by higher dispersal of non-water patches. Both may lead to complex flow patterns not easily estimated within streamflow simulations.
Scalar Control of Induction Motors

A majority of the existing variable speed drive systems with induction motors are low-performance drives in which the adjusted variables are the magnitude and frequency of either the voltage or current supplied to the stator. This allows control of the steady-state speed or torque of the motor, while the magnetic field in the motor is kept at a constant, desired level. This type of control is usually referred to as scalar control, since the controlled stator voltage or current are assumed sinusoidal, with only the magnitude and frequency adjusted, and with no concern for the spatial position (phase) of the corresponding vector quantities. In contrast, vector control schemes, based on the Field Orientation Principle; provide adjustment of the magnitude and phase of the vector quantities of the motor. In vector-controlled, high-performance drive systems, the instantaneous torque and magnetic field of the motor are regulated, both in the steady-state and under transient operating conditions. Scalar control systems are simpler than those employing vector control, but the superiority of the latter from the point of view of dynamic performance of the drive is unqestionable.
Total Antioxidant Capacity: A Useful Tool in Assessing Antioxidant Intake Status

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) considering the cumulative protective activities of all the antioxidants present in food was inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, suggesting a great potential of dietary TAC as a useful dietary assessment tool in human clinical and intervention studies for assessing dietary antioxidant status and predicting plasma antioxidant defense. However, none of these factors has been successfully validated for relevance under different physiological conditions, or for reliability and predictability for in vivo antioxidant status. The objective of this study is to validate TAC as a useful dietary tool in assessing dietary antioxidant status. Forty postmenopausal, overweight and healthy women were recruited for an observational study. Seven day diet recalls and 12-h fasting blood samples were collected for dietary and plasma antioxidant assessments. Results: After multivariate adjustment, TAC from foods and TAC from foods and supplements were both positively associated with intakes of dietary antioxidants, including α-tocopherol (p < 0.001), vitamin C (p < 0.01), flavonoids (p < 0.001) and proanthocyanidins (p < 0.01); they were also positively associated with plasma TAC assayed by VCEAC, FRAP and ORAC methods (p < 0.05), and with plasma α-tocopherol (p < 0.0001), and β-cryptoxanthin (p < 0.01) concentrations. Fruits and fruit juices were the primary contributor to dietary TAC (from foods/foods and supplement) followed by tea and vegetable and vegetable juices. Conclusion: Dietary TAC could be used as a useful tool in predicting dietary and plasma antioxidant status.
Developing the Judicial Role in Litigation Conflicts: Response to Green

Prof. Green suggests personal sanctions to redress certain litigation conflicts of interest, and he correctly focuses on what happens to clients in disqualification cases. But a better alternative would focus on fee forfeiture, not sanctions, as an additional deterrent and remedy.
Active Variable Stiffness Fibers for Multifunctional Robotic Fabrics

In this letter, we introduce active variable stiffness fibers that are made from shape memory alloy and thermally responsive polymers. This combines the actuation of shape memory alloy with the variable stiffness of a thermoplastic using electric current as the stimulus. By combining both actuation and variable stiffness functions, the multifunctional fibers can move to a new position then hold that position without requiring additional power. We explore the possibility of tuning the fibers to meet varying structural and performance demands by selecting different thermoplastics with different glass transition temperatures. Finally, we integrate the active variable stiffness fibers into a fabric to demonstrate multifunctional robotic fabrics that can control the motion of soft, compliant bodies from their surface.
Human Factors in the Year 2000

The author gazed into his crystal ball and asked 18 other former presidents of the Human Factors Society to do likewise, to forecast the status of human factors in the year 2000. Changes are predicted in the size, quality, acceptance, composition, and emphases of the field.
Poverty, natural resources, and public policy in Central America.

Suggests specific guidelines for linking responsible environmental management and economic development. Includes proposals for international peace parks, fostering conservation institutions, and modifying nontraditional agricultural exports--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction After Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Ring Implantation: A Word of Caution.

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a well-known, albeit rare, adverse event that can occur after mitral valve replacement. With the current increase in transcatheter valve interventions, new and unique adverse events may be expected to occur. We present a case of severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction that developed after transcatheter mitral valve implantation.
Organizational Integration, Strategic Planning, and Staff Assessment in Publicly Funded Libraries

Library and information center services are at risk during times of extensive budget reductions. Publicly funded institutions labeled as inessential or as auxiliary departments may lose the revenue necessary to maintain full staffing. Financial circumstances of recent years highlight the importance of strategic planning in library and information center management. Although typically characterized as formal nonprofit organizations that depend on government expenditures and private donations, libraries are also open systems. The operations of an open system can be explained by reference to a levers model. Open systems are sensitive to the external environment and depend upon competent management for successful operation. Assessment measures are necessary for management evaluation. Poor decision making can be attributed to a lack of coherent policies in regards to employee evaluation and retention. A coherent assessment strategy is mutually reinforcing and can be illustrated by examples in the form of table...
Interaction Between Diet and Physical Activity in Older People

Nutrition and physical activity represent two readily modified behaviors that can have profound impact on the health of older adults. Both poor nutrition and physical inactivity are independent risk factors for most chronic diseases, but when interventions target these lifestyle factors in combination they can have profound benefits for health. Skeletal muscle health is important for several processes that govern disease risk and is important for physical performance. With aging, many people experience a decline in muscle mass and function, which can limit overall health. Here we discuss the most important potential interactions between nutrition and physical activity for health.
The role of tachysterol in vitamin D photosynthesis – a non-adiabatic molecular dynamics study

To investigate the role of tachysterol in the photophysical/photochemical regulation of vitamin D photosynthesis, we studied its electronic absorption properties and excited state dynamics using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), second-order approximate coupled cluster theory (CC2), and non-adiabatic surface hopping molecular dynamics in the gas phase. In excellent agreement with experiments, the simulated electronic spectrum shows a broad absorption band with a remarkably higher extinction coefficient than the other vitamin D photoisomers provitamin D, lumisterol, and previtamin D. The broad band arises from the spectral overlap of four different ground state rotamers. After photoexcitation, the first excited singlet state (S1) decays with a lifetime of 882 fs. The S1 dynamics is characterized by a strong twisting of the central double bond. In 96% of all trajectories this is followed by unreactive relaxation to the ground state near a conical intersection. The double-bond twisting in the chemically unreactive trajectories induces a strong interconversion between the different rotamers. In 2.3% of the trajectories we observed [1,5]-sigmatropic hydrogen shift forming the partly deconjugated toxisterol D1. 1.4% previtamin D formation is observed via hula-twist double bond isomerization. In both reaction channels, we find a strong dependence between photoreactivity and dihedral angle conformation: hydrogen shift only occurs in cEc and cEt rotamers and double bond isomerization occurs mainly in cEc rotamers. Hence, our study confirms the previously formed hypothesis that cEc rotamers are more prone to previtamin D formation than other isomers. In addition, we also observe the formation of a cyclobutene-toxisterol in the hot ground state in 3 trajectories (0.7%). Due to its large extinction coefficient and mostly unreactive behavior, tachysterol acts mainly as a Sun shield suppressing previtamin D formation. Tachysterol shows stronger toxisterol formation than previtamin D and can thus be seen as the major degradation route of vitamin D. Absorption of low energy ultraviolet light by the cEc rotamer can lead to previtamin D formation. In addition, the cyclobutene-toxisterol, which possibly reacts thermally to previtamin D, is also preferably formed at long wavelengths. These two mechanisms are consistent with the wavelength dependent photochemistry found in experiments. Our study reinforces a recent hypothesis that tachysterol constitutes a source of previtamin D when only low energy ultraviolet light is available, as it is the case in winter or in the morning and evening hours of the day.
Kinetics of phase separation of Nafion perfluorinated ionomer and poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends

Trace d'un diagramme de phase temperature/composition a partir des mesures de point de trouble faites par SALS. Le comportement de phase est reversible et de type LCST. La separation de phase est dominee par les derniers stades de la decomposition spinodale. Analyse de l'evolution temporelle des courbes de diffusion a l'aide des theories non lineaires et des lois d'echelles dynamiques
An Overlay File System for cloud-assisted mobile applications

With cloud assistance, a mobile application can offload its resource-demanding computation tasks to the cloud (public cloud, cloudlet, or personal cloud, etc). This leads to a scenario where computation tasks in the same application run concurrently on both the mobile device and the cloud. These tasks need to save, read, and write files on both the mobile device and the cloud. An important challenge is to ensure that the tasks are able to access and share the files in a manner that is efficient, consistent, and transparent to locations. The paper addresses this issue by designing an application-level file system called Overlay File System (OFS). To improve efficiency, OFS maintains and buffers local copies of data sets on both the cloud and the mobile device. OFS ensures consistency and guarantees that all the reads get the latest data. It combines write-invalidate and write-update policies to effectively reduce the network traffic incurred by invalidating/updating stale data copies and to reduce the application delay when the latest data cannot be accessed locally. To guarantee location transparency, OFS creates an unified view of the data that is location independent and is accessible as local storage. Our experiments show that OFS can effectively support task offloading and efficient execution of offloaded tasks by significantly decreasing both file access latency and network traffic incurred by file accesses.
Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be a marker of immune suppression in cancer: Interplay between hematologic and solid neoplastic clones and their microenvironments

Metabolism of neoplastic cells is shifted toward high glucose uptake and enhanced lactate production. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is comprised of two major subunits, LDH-A and LDH-B, reversibly catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate or lactate to pyruvate. LDH-A has a higher affinity for pyruvate and is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Elevated LDH is a negative prognostic biomarker not only because it is a key enzyme involved in cancer metabolism, but also because it allows neoplastic cells to suppress and evade the immune system by altering the tumor microenvironment. LDH-A alters the tumor microenvironment via increased production of lactate. This leads to enhancement of immune-suppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and dendritic cells (DCs); and inhibition of cytolytic cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). By promoting immune-suppression in the tumor microenvironment, LDH-A is able to promote resistance to chemo/radio/targeted therapy. Here we discuss the evidence that LDH is both a metabolic and an immune surveillance prognostic biomarker and its elevation is harbinger of negative outcome in both solid and hematologic neoplasms.
Cost of Capital: The Downside-Risk Approach

This note describes the downside risk approach to estimating the cost of equity in emerging markets and contains an example. Based on paper: Javier Estrada, "The Cost of Equity in Emerging Markets: A Downside Risk Approach," Emerging Markets Qtly (Fall 2000). Excerpt UVA-F-1394 Rev. Nov. 8, 2013 COST OF CAPITAL: THE DOWNSIDE-RISK APPROACH Emerging Markets and CAPM CAPM is often the method of choice among practitioners for estimating the cost of equity for investment projects in developed economies. But for investment projects in emerging economies, CAPM tends to give estimates that are considered too low by experienced financial managers. Sometimes, CAPM estimates of the cost of equity for projects in emerging markets are even lower than those for comparable projects in developed economies. This observation calls into question whether the CAPM-based model is applicable in emerging markets. Conceptually, CAPM assumes fully integrated markets. Emerging markets are, at best, partially integrated. Stock returns in many emerging markets are only weakly correlated with stock returns in developed markets. In other words, emerging markets are often low or even negative beta markets relative to the U.S. equity market. If we maintain that beta is an appropriate measure of risk, many emerging markets would have low investment risks. . . .
Knowledge and Foresight

For all that intentional action is the paradigmatic form of mens rea, knowledge and foresight rival it as crucial elements of responsible agency. To intend one’s conduct or its consequences presupposes knowledge of relevant circumstances and of causal connections. So too, both strong and weak intentionality require foresight of consequences, either as possible or as practically certain. Although to know and foresee is not to intend, to intend is to know and foresee.
Partially Additive Semantics

In Section 1.5 we introduced guard functions and finite and infinite sums of partial functions and multifunctions and used these as tools to describe guarded commands and various conditional and repetitive constructs. All this was in Pfn or Mfn. The task of this chapter is to develop axioms on a general semantic category to make similar constructions possible in a wider context and to clarify the algebraic processes of manipulation and simplification as partly demonstrated by Example 1.5.31.
Introduction: Literacy ideologies

Abstract This special section explores contexts in which established ways of using written language have been retooled to support indigenous or “non-mainstream” ideologies of authority, including the incorporation of novel literacies into existing local language practices. This collection of papers addresses potential conflicts between historical and/or hegemonic literacy ideologies and novel literacy practices by illustrating ways in which authoritative semiotic modalities can be utilized to legitimize a form of literacy that was non-existent or has historically been positioned as inferior to standardized, hegemonic forms of writing. This introduction provides some relevant working definitions, points to common themes in the collection, and summarizes the ethnographic contexts explored by contributors to the special section.
The Human Resource Factor in Small Business Decision Making

Activities of a group of small firms were studied over a six-year period to determine the manner In which their performance reflected the results of a counseling program. The effects of counseling ...
Cost Analysis of Ingredients for Successful Implementation of a Mindfulness-Based Professional Development Program for Teachers

This study examined the cost of implementing the Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education (CARE) for Teachers professional development program during a randomized controlled trial targeting a diverse sample of public elementary school teachers in New York City. Detailed budget information collected during the study was used to identify the cost of all necessary resources associated with program implementation. The largest expense category was opportunity costs associated with teacher participation, accounting for over 40% of the total cost. This was closely followed by the program-required costs related to coordination, facilitation, and supplies for the program (31.8%). Finally, ancillary costs related to facilitator travel, room rental, and food for the program implementations encompassed 11% of the total cost. Across all three program implementations, 118 teachers were trained; the average cost per teacher was US$1217 when accounting for all categories. In future cost projections for a training with 30 teachers, the price per teacher is only US$515 when considering program-required and indirect costs. The costs for implementing the CARE for Teachers program are similar to those reported for other mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). This paper provides a detailed analysis of the full cost of providing an evidence-based MBI to teachers in a public education setting. This research can help inform communities interested in funding future CARE for Teachers program implementations, provide an example for cost reporting for other MBIs, and provide a basis for future cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analyses.
Separating Obligations of Subjects and Handlers for More Flexible Event Type Verification

Implicit invocation languages, like aspect-oriented languages, automate the Observer pattern, which decouples subjects (base code) from handlers (advice), and then compound them together in the final system. For such languages, event types have been proposed as a way of further decoupling subjects from handlers. In Ptolemy, subjects explicitly announce events at certain program points, and pass the announced piece of code to the handlers for its eventual execution. This implies a mutual dependency between subjects and handlers that should be considered in verification; i.e., verification of subject code should consider the handlers and vice versa.
Opportunities for Informatics to Improve Discharge Planning: A Systematic Review of the Literature

The discharge planning process can be successful when information is shared among the patient, caregiver, and provider from admission through post discharge. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the association of information sharing among patients, caregivers, and health care providers and the impact on the discharge process. The authors identified reports of the discharge planning process through systematic electronic database searches. The eligibility criteria were 1) usual discharge planning process, and 2) patient, caregiver, or provider perception or feedback. Of the eligible articles, all voiced concern about a broken discharge planning process that affected the information exchanged among all involved in patient care. Outcomes related to satisfaction, knowledge transfer, and communication were identified. The initial evidence suggests information sharing through interdisciplinary patient care can play a significant role in the future.
Writing the Road: Journalistic and Literary Passages and Passengers

This chapter shows how French passengers in the colony, such as Henri Dorgeles and Andree Viollis, and even Marguerite Duras, used the liberating potential of automobility to write close-up critiques of the rationalization, contradictions, and excesses of French colonization. In particular, Viollis and Duras’s texts address issues of gendered empowerment in colonial automobility, as do Vietnamese writers such as Tam Lang and Vũ Trong Phung with the rise of the reportage genre and social realism in Vietnamese writing, which I argue is related to the introduction of a new mobility regime, embodied by the rickshaw and the automobile.
Blood clotting and traumatic injury with shock mediates complement-dependent neutrophil priming for extracellular ROS, ROS-dependent organ injury and coagulopathy.

Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes participate in acute inflammatory pathologies such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following traumatic injury and shock, which also activates the coagulation system systemically. Trauma can prime the PMN nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex for an enhanced respiratory burst, but the relative role of various priming agents in this process remains incompletely understood. We therefore set out to identify mediators of PMN priming during coagulation and trauma-shock and determine whether PMN reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in this manner could influence organ injury and coagulation. Initial experiments demonstrated that PMN are primed for predominantly extracellular ROS production by products of coagulation, which was abrogated by CD88/C5a receptor(C5aR) inhibition. The importance of this was highlighted further by demonstrating that known PMN priming agents result in fractionally different amounts of extracellular versus intracellular ROS release depending on the agent used. Plasma from trauma patients in haemodynamic shock (n = 10) also primed PMN for extracellular ROS in a C5a-dependent manner, which correlated with both complement alternative pathway activation and thrombin generation. Furthermore, PMN primed by preincubation with products of blood coagulation directly caused loss of endothelial barrier function in vitro that was abrogated by C5aR blockade or NADPH oxidase inhibition. Finally, we show in a murine model of trauma-shock that p47phox knock-out (KO) mice with PMN incapable of generating ROS were protected from inflammatory end-organ injury and activated protein C-mediated coagulopathy. In summary, we demonstrate that trauma-shock and coagulation primes PMN for predominantly extracellular ROS production in a C5a-dependent manner that contributes to endothelial barrier loss and organ injury, and potentially enhances traumatic coagulopathy.
Rivers in the Anthropocene: The U.S. perspective

Abstract During the past 50 yr, the number and variety of papers written by U.S. fluvial geomorphologists that examine human alterations of rivers has accelerated substantially. From an initial focus primarily on how human-induced changes in land cover influence sediment yield and river dynamics, the literature has expanded to emphasize the effects of flow regulation, channel engineering, removal of large wood and beavers, and changing climate. These multiple human influences are now widely recognized to have resulted in global-scale cumulative effects including significantly altered fluxes of water, sediment, nitrogen, and carbon, and complete transformation of river networks across much of the planet. One outgrowth of this recognition is the increasing involvement of geomorphologists in diverse forms of river restoration, a form of river management that thus far has largely been dominated by engineers. Acknowledging the ubiquity of human alteration of rivers implies that (i) investigators cannot assume that even the most remote and seemingly pristine river segment has not been affected at least indirectly by people, (ii) the use of reference conditions requires careful consideration with respect to what reference sites indicate about past conditions, as well as their relevance for the future, (iii) detailed geomorphic understanding of the nature and timing of past human alterations of rivers is likely to be critical to effective restoration, and (iv) each scientist must decide how to engage within the context of research and advocacy with the issues of ecosystem degradation and loss of river form and function.
Contextualizing pubertal development: The combination of sexual partners' age and girls' pubertal development confers risk for externalizing but not internalizing symptoms among girls in therapeutic day schools.

Abstract Objective Early pubertal development is associated with negative health and mental health outcomes. Research on the influence of puberty on mental health underscores a need to examine the interplay between puberty and exposure to environmental risk. This study investigates a more rarely studied aspect of girls' environments – romantic relationships with boyfriends. Specifically, this study examined sexual partner age and the timing of girls' pubertal development in relation to externalizing and internalizing symptoms among female students attending therapeutic day schools in the United States, a population at elevated risk for negative mental health outcomes. Methods A total of 121 13 to 19-year-old adolescent girls (Mean age = 15.4; SD = 1.5) reported on the relative age of their past 3 sexual partners, their age of pubertal onset, and mental health challenges via clinical assessments of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Results Forty-three percent of participants qualified for at least one mental health diagnosis. Earlier pubertal onset predicted greater internalizing symptoms, and this effect did not depend on the age of girls' sexual partners. However, early-developing girls who also reported having a sexual partner more than 2 years older than them were at increased risk for externalizing symptoms. Conclusions Findings underscore that sexual relationships are an important risk factor for early-developing girls already at risk for mental health problems. Early developing girls with older partners may experience stronger social pressure to stay in relationships that expose them to partner violence and delinquency-related pressure, which combine with interpersonal stress to predict externalizing symptoms.
CORRELATION OF CARDIAC DEVICE-RELATED MASSES AND INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

The correlation between masses identified on implantable cardiac devices and device related infective endocarditis (DRE) is not well established. This was a retrospective analysis including patients with prior implantable cardiac devices who underwent trans-esophageal echocardiograms (TEE) from
Understanding leisure satisfaction of Chinese seniors: human capital, family capital, and community capital

This study investigates the impacts of human capital, family capital, and community capital on Chinese seniors’ leisure satisfaction. One thousand seniors living in five Chinese cities participated in this quantitative study. The findings suggest a significant impact from family capital, while the impacts of human capital and community capital are mixed and inconsistent. A discussion of the findings and suggestions for practical implication are presented.
Understanding Thermodynamic Control in Covalent Self-Assembly: A Mixed Synthetic─Computational Experiment for the Undergraduate Organic-Chemistry Laboratory

A laboratory experiment was developed that connects the interpretation of computer-generated models to the self-assembly of macrocycles. Students compare the reactions of terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde by reacting each with (R,R)-(−)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. These isomeric systems serve as the foundation for a discussion about the impact of entropy and enthalpy on macrocycle formation. This experiment requires students to use multiple data sources to develop evidence-based explanations about the impact of the starting-material geometry on macrocyclization. Results from laboratory implementation indicate that a majority of students were able to successfully demonstrate competency of the learning goals.
Patients' self-reported barriers to colon cancer screening in federally qualified health center settings.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Despite evidence that screening reduces CRC incidence and mortality, only about 60% of age-eligible adults are up-to-date on CRC screening. This analysis aims to identify self-reported barriers to CRC screening among patients in a safety-net healthcare setting. Participants were recruited from safety-net primary care sites that were participating in a trial to increase CRC screening. At baseline, patients (n = 483) completed self-report surveys that assessed demographics, healthcare and CRC screening. Barriers to CRC screening were assessed through an open-ended question. Using a basic text analysis, data were coded and organized into key topics. Overall, 65.2% ever had CRC screening; 46.4% were up-to-date. Of those who described barriers (n = 198), 22.9% said they were not due for screening or their provider had not recommended it. Other common barriers included fear or worry about the procedure or outcome, financial challenges such as lack of insurance or cost of testing, and logistic challenges such as transportation and time. Fewer said that screening was of low importance or mentioned discomfort with the procedure or colonoscopy preparation. In this safety-net setting, CRC screening rates were lower than national rates. These qualitative results are similar to quantitative findings reported in the literature but the qualitative data add to our understanding of patient-reported concerns and challenges faced by safety-net patients. These results may be applied to developing targeting communication or intervention strategies to improve CRC screening rates within safety-net health centers.
Metal-organic frameworks for CO 2 photoreduction

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention because of their large surface areas, tunable structures, and potential applications in many areas. In recent years, MOFs have shown much promise in CO2 photoreduction. This review summarized recent research progresses in MOF-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Besides, it discussed strategies in rational design of MOF-based photocatalysts (functionalized pristine MOFs, MOF-photosensitizer, MOF-semiconductor, MOF-metal, and MOF-carbon materials composites) with enhanced performance on CO2 reduction. Moreover, it explored challenges and outlook on using MOF-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Real-world clinical burden of aggressive disease (AD) in advanced/metastatic non small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC).

e20723Background: Clinical trials have shown that aNSCLC patients (pts) with AD, including those with rapid disease progression (RDP) on initial therapy (time to progression ≤ 12 weeks), have poor ...
The role of women's orgasm goal pursuit in women's orgasm occurrence

Abstract Heterosexual women's low orgasm rates are widely acknowledged within sexuality research. However, researchers have not accounted for whether women are even pursuing orgasm (actively and purposefully attempting to orgasm) in their sexual encounters with men. Given that heterosexual sexual scripts often deprioritize women's pleasure, women may vary in their orgasm goal pursuit – whether they set orgasm as a goal and strive to have an orgasm – in any given sexual encounter, with some women being less likely to pursue orgasm than others. Across two studies, we investigated the association between women's orgasm goal pursuit and orgasm occurrence. By examining the variations in women's orgasm goal pursuit, we aimed to explain why some women orgasm in their sexual encounters and other women do not. Women who reported greater orgasm pursuit were more likely to report that they orgasmed in their most recent sexual encounter. These findings suggest that researchers should not assume that women equally pursue orgasm in their sexual encounters, and that this important individual difference can help explain differences in orgasm occurrence between women.
Equivalent Extensions of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equations on Hypersurfaces

We present a new formulation for the computation of solutions of a class of Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equations on closed smooth surfaces of co-dimension one. For the class of equations considered in this paper, the viscosity solution of the HJB equation is equivalent to the value function of a corresponding optimal control problem. In this work, we extend the optimal control problem given on the surface to an equivalent one defined in a sufficiently thin narrow band of the co-dimensional one surface. The extension is done appropriately so that the corresponding HJB equation, in the narrow band, has a unique viscosity solution which is identical to the constant normal extension of the value function of the original optimal control problem. With this framework, one can easily use existing (high order) numerical methods developed on Cartesian grids to solve HJB equations on surfaces, with a computational cost that scales with the dimension of the surfaces. This framework also provides a systematic way for solving HJB equations on the unstructured point clouds that are sampled from the surface.
Youths' Experiences of Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care: An Updated Qualitative Metasynthesis.

Abstract Problem Improvements in chronic disease management has led to increasing numbers of youth transitioning to adult healthcare. Poor transition can lead to high risks of morbidity and mortality. Understanding adolescents and young adults (AYA) perspectives on transition is essential to developing effective transition preparation. The aim of this metasynthesis was to synthesize qualitative studies assessing the experiences and expectations of transition to adult healthcare settings in AYAs with chronic diseases to update work completed in a prior metasynthesis by Fegran, Hall, Uhrenfeldt, Aagaard, and Ludvigsen (2014) . Eligibility criteria A search of PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted to gather articles published after February 2011 through June 2019. Sample Of 889 articles screened, a total of 33 articles were included in the final analysis. Results Seven main themes were found: developing transition readiness, conceiving expectations based upon pediatric healthcare, transitioning leads to an evolving parent role, transitioning leads to an evolving youth role, identifying barriers, lacking transition readiness, and recommendations for improvements. Conclusions Findings of this metasynthesis reaffirmed previous findings. AYAs continue to report deficiencies in meeting the Got Transition® Six Core Elements. The findings highlighted the need to create AYA-centered transition preparation which incorporate support for parents. Implications Improvements in transition preparation interventions need to address deficiencies in meeting the Got Transition® Six Core Elements. More research is needed to identify and address barriers implementing the transition process.
Whitman’s Romance with Work

Whitman’s Romance with Work. Using David Herreshoff as a guide to mid-nineteenth-century economics, Whitman’s political and subject matter concerns are shown clearly in one of his major poems in the 1855 Leaves of Grass. Discussion of “A Song for Occupations,” the second poem in the original collection, shows the poet’s unfeigned love of workmen and workwomen, mechanics, and farmers. By the later collections of Leaves of Grass, this key poem had disappeared into the next hundred of poems. Related here and in Chapter 2 to “Song of Myself” and the Transcendental movement.
T2R bitter taste receptors regulate apoptosis and may be associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Better management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) requires a clearer understanding of tumor biology and disease risk. Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) have been studied in several cancers, including thyroid, salivary, and GI, but their role in HNSCC has not been explored. We found that HNSCC patient samples and cell lines expressed functional T2Rs on both the cell and nuclear membranes. Bitter compounds, including bacterial metabolites, activated T2R-mediated nuclear Ca2+ responses leading to mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation and ultimately apoptosis. Buffering nuclear Ca2+ elevation blocked caspase activation. Furthermore, increased expression of T2Rs in HNSCCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas is associated with improved overall survival. This work suggests that T2Rs are potential biomarkers to predict outcomes and guide treatment selection, may be leveraged as therapeutic targets to stimulate tumor apoptosis, and may mediate tumor-microbiome crosstalk in HNSCC.