cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STRATIFICATION OF CLOUD LAYERS IN A STABLE ATMOSPHERE

Abstract In this paper an attempt is made to explain the phenomenon of cloud stratification which is occasionally observed in the atmosphere. The leading thought is that these stratifications are caused by internal gravity waves. The atmosphere is assumed to consist of two layers of compressible air. The lower layer has a constant lapse rate, and the upper layer is isothermal. The quasi-static assumption is made. This assumption is found to be justifiable in the range of waves under consideration. It is found that waves whose phase velocities are of the order of 10m. sec.−1 are capable of producing three strata whose elevations fall within the limits of observed altitudes of tropospheric clouds. The proposed mechanism is also found to be consistent with the observed heights of some stratospheric clouds.
Sonographic Confirmation of Bilateral Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Undetected on Mammogram

Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is cancer that originates in the ducts and subsequently invades the fatty tissue of the breast outside the duct. It is the most common form of breast cancer,...
Mycoplasma genitalium Infection and Female Reproductive Tract Disease: A Meta-Analysis

To determine the association between Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract syndromes through meta-analysis, English-language, peer-reviewed studies were identified via PubMed, Embase, Biosis, Cochrane Library, and reference review. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Random-effects models were employed to calculate summary estimates, between-study heterogeneity was evaluated using I(2) statistics, publication bias was assessed via funnel plots and the Begg and Egger tests, and methodologic quality was rated. Mycoplasma genitalium infection was significantly associated with increased risk of cervicitis (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.66 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.35-2.04]), pelvic inflammatory disease (pooled OR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.31-3.49]), preterm birth (pooled OR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.25-2.85]), and spontaneous abortion (pooled OR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.10-3.03]). Risk of infertility was similarly elevated (pooled OR, 2.43 [95% CI, .93-6.34]). In subanalyses accounting for coinfections, all associations were stronger and statistically significant. Testing of high-risk symptomatic women for M. genitalium may be warranted.
Measuring Mamma's Milk: Fascism and the Medicalization of Maternity in Italy

Measuring Mamma's Milk: Fascism and the Medicalization of Maternity in Italy. Elizabeth Dixon Whitaker. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. 358 pp.
The immunocytochemical detection of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase in the lungs of fetal, neonatal, and adult hamsters.

Antibodies against rabbit cytochrome P-450 reductase (reductase), cytochrome P-450 isozyme 2 (P-450 IIB), and cytochrome P-450 isozyme 5 (P-450 IVB) were used to detect homologous enzymes in the developing lung of the Syrian golden hamster. No immunocytochemical labeling was observed on gestational days 11, 12, and 13. On gestational day 14, light immunoperoxidase labeling for reductase and P-450 IIB was observed over cells lining the trachea and cranial portions of lobar bronchi. On gestational day 15, these enzymes were detected in conducting airways at all anatomic levels, and in the media of the pulmonary vein and its branches. Light labeling for P-450 IVB was first observed over cells lining the trachea and lobar bronchi on gestational day 15, but the smallest bronchioles and the media and endothelium of the pulmonary vein did not label for this enzyme until gestational day 16 (neonatal day 1). Type II pneumocytes and the pleural mesothelium first labeled for each of the three enzymes on neonatal day...
Optimal power flow using probabilistic load model

Optimal power flow (OPF) analysis has been an area attracting lots of researchers. Much computational efforts have been exercised for the last several years to develop mathematical models and computational techniques to solve OPF problems. Conventional OPF studies are carried out considering the injections at the bus to be deterministic. This paper presents a method to compute the maximum load the system can support taking into account a probabilistic model of load. The load is modeled as a continuous variable whose probability density is bell shaped. Thus for a given range of bus injections, an optimal value of real and reactive load at each bus is computed. The results of the methodology can be of significance in optimal load shedding in deregulated power systems. The 'Solver' in EXCEL is used as an optimization tool to demonstrate the methodology. A simple 8-bus system is used to display the results.
Transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-binding protein/mediator 1 deficiency abrogates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-binding protein (PBP), also known as thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 220/vitamin D receptor-interacting protein 205/mediator 1, an anchor for multisubunit mediator transcription complex, functions as a transcription coactivator for nuclear receptors. Disruption of the PBP gene results in embryonic lethality around embryonic day 11.5 by affecting placental and multiorgan development. Here, we report that targeted deletion of PBP in liver parenchymal cells (PBPLiv-/-) results in the abrogation of hypertrophic and hyperplastic influences in liver mediated by constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) ligands phenobarbital (PB) and 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, and of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. CAR interacts with the two nuclear receptor-interacting LXXLL (L, leucine; X, any amino acid) motifs in PBP in a ligand-dependent manner. We also show that PBP interacts with the C-terminal portion of CAR, suggesting that PBP is involved in the regulation of CAR function. Although the full-length PBP only minimally increased CAR transcriptional activity, a truncated form of PBP (amino acids 487-735) functioned as a dominant negative repressor, establishing that PBP functions as a coactivator for CAR. A reduction in CAR mRNA and protein level observed in PBPLiv-/- mouse liver suggests that PBP may regulate hepatic CAR expression. PBP-deficient hepatocytes in liver failed to reveal PB-dependent translocation of CAR to the nucleus. Adenoviral reconstitution of PBP in PBPLiv-/- mouse livers restored PB-mediated nuclear translocation of CAR as well as inducibility of CYP1A2, CYP2B10, CYP3A11, and CYP7A1 expression. We conclude that transcription coactivator PBP/TRAP220/MED1 is involved in the regulation of hepatic CAR function and that PBP deficiency in liver abrogates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.
The Pacific–South American Modes and Tropical Convection during the Southern Hemisphere Winter

Abstract Atmospheric circulation features and convection patterns associated with two leading low-frequency modes in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are examined in multiyear global reanalyses produced by NCEP–NCAR and NASA–DAO. The two leading modes, referred to as the Pacific–South American (PSA) modes, are represented by the first two EOF patterns. The two patterns are in quadrature with each other and are dominated by wavenumber 3 in midlatitudes with large amplitudes in the Pacific–South American sector. In the Pacific, anomalies in the subtropics and in the midlatitudes are opposite in phase. Taken together, the two PSA modes represent the intraseasonal oscillation in the SH with periods of roughly 40 days. The evolution of the PSA modes shows a coherent eastward propagation. A composite analysis was conducted to study the evolution of tropical convection and the corresponding circulation changes associated with the PSA modes. Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomaly composites during the mature phase...
Non-consent bias in OCTET

www.thelancet.com/psychiatry Vol 2 December 2015 e33 OCTET were more likely to take their treatment whether or not they were assigned to the intervention. Indeed, community treatment orders have naturalistically signi fi cantly improved treatment com pliance and reduced hospitalisation in patients receiving care from assertive outreach teams, whereas the OCTET reports did not disclose how many patients in the OCTET sample were under the care of assertive outreach or forensic services. Furthermore, the non-consent bias in the study sample could reasonably explain the striking (and superfi cially counterintuitive) finding that the OCTET cohort remained highly engaged with mental health services for the whole 3 year follow-up period, whether or not they were subject to a community treatment order. Thus, the findings from OCTET cannot be reliably extrapolated to the broader population receiving community treatment orders in clinical practice. In the continued absence of solid evidence from randomised controlled trials, clinicians will still rely mainly on their expert clinical judgment to evaluate the eff ectiveness of community treatment orders in individual patients.
Determination of Carbon-Bound Lithium in Polymer Cements

Abstract A simple and direct titration procedure for the determination of carbon-bound lithium in lithium catalyzed polymer cements has been developed. It utilizes the specific reaction of allyl bromide with carbon-bound lithium. Since this procedure was used for a solution of polymer in hydrocarbon, reagents were selected to avoid phase separation. This procedure has been used over a catalyst range of 1.5 to 0.5 millimoles per hundred weight polymer. The resulting polymers had molecular weights from fifty thousand to five hundred thousand.
The role of groups in smart camera networks

Recent research in sensor networks has made it possible to deploy networks of sensors with significant local processing. These sensor networks are revolutionising information collection and processing in many different environments. Often the amount of local data produced by these devices; and their sheer number, makes centralised data processing infeasible. Smart camera networks represent a particular challenge in this regard, partly because of the amount of data produced by each camera, but also because many high level vision algorithms require data from more than one camera. Many distributed algorithms exist that work locally to produce results from a collection of nodes, but as this number grows the algorithm's performance is quickly crippled by the resulting exponential increase in communication overhead. This thesis examines the limits this puts on peer-to-peer cooperation between nodes, and demonstrates how for large networks these can only be circumvented by locally formed organisations of nodes. A local group forming protocol is described that provides a method for nodes to create a bottom-up organisation based purely on local conditions. This allows the formation of a dynamic information network of cooperating nodes, in which a distributed algorithm can organise the communications of its nodes using purely local knowledge to maintain its global network performance. Building on recent work using SIFT feature detection, this protocol is demonstrated in a network of smart cameras. Local groups with shared views are established, which allow each camera to locally determine their relative position with others in the network. The result partitions the network into groups of cameras with known visual relationships, which can then be used for further analysis. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Correlations between short-term mobile monitoring and long-term passive sampler measurements of traffic-related air pollution

Mobile monitoring has provided a means for broad spatial measurements of air pollutants that are otherwise impractical to measure with multiple fixed site sampling strategies. However, the larger the mobile monitoring route the less temporally dense measurements become, which may limit the usefulness of short-term mobile monitoring for applications that require long-term averages. To investigate the stationarity of short-term mobile monitoring measurements, we calculated long term medians derived from a mobile monitoring campaign that also employed 2-week integrated passive sampler detectors (PSD) for NOx, Ozone, and nine volatile organic compounds at 43 intersections distributed across the entire city of Baltimore, MD. This is one of the largest mobile monitoring campaigns in terms of spatial extent undertaken at this time. The mobile platform made repeat measurements every third day at each intersection for 6-10 minutes at a resolution of 10 s. In two-week periods in both summer and winter seasons, each site was visited 3-4 times, and a temporal adjustment was applied to each dataset. We present the correlations between eight species measured using mobile monitoring and the 2-week PSD data and observe correlations between mobile NOx measurements and PSD NOx measurements in both summer and winter (Pearson's r = 0.84 and 0.48, respectively). The summer season exhibited the strongest correlations between multiple pollutants, whereas the winter had comparatively few statistically significant correlations. In the summer CO was correlated with PSD pentanes (r = 0.81), and PSD NOx was correlated with mobile measurements of black carbon (r = 0.83), two ultrafine particle count measures (r =0.8), and intermodal (1-3 μm) particle counts (r = 0.73). Principal Component Analysis of the combined PSD and mobile monitoring data revealed multipollutant features consistent with light duty vehicle traffic, diesel exhaust and crankcase blow by. These features were more consistent with published source profiles traffic-related air pollutants than features based on the PSD data alone. Short-term mobile monitoring shows promise for capturing long-term spatial patterns of traffic-related air pollution, and is complementary to PSD sampling strategies.
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

If a precise physiologic assessment of emphysema or chronic bronchitis can be made, beneficial therapy is available. Among the useful treatments are chest physiotherapy with postural drainage, breathing exercises, and oxygen breathing during efforts to increase exercise tolerance. The abnormal breathing pattern of most patients with chronic obstructive lung disease can be improved by breathing exercises. Respiratory infections are frequent and lethal in these patients and often require immediate antibiotic therapy.
An instructional design process based on expert knowledge for teaching students how mechanisms are explained.

In biology and physiology courses, students face many difficulties when learning to explain mechanisms, a topic that is demanding due to the immense complexity and abstract nature of molecular and ...
Exact and Approximate Reverse Nearest Neighbor Search for Multimedia Data.

Reverse nearest neighbor queries are useful in identifying objects that are of significant influence or importance. Existing methods either rely on pre-computation of nearest neighbor distances, do not scale well with high dimensionality, or do not produce exact solutions. In this work we motivate and investigate the problem of reverse nearest neighbor search on high dimensional, multimedia data. We propose exact and approximate algorithms that do not require pre-computation of nearest neighbor distances, and can potentially prune off most of the search space. We demonstrate the utility of reverse nearest neighbor search by showing how it can help improve the classification accuracy.
Functional outcomes in community-based adults with borderline personality disorder.

Abstract Many individuals in clinical samples with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience high levels of functional impairment. However, little is known about the levels of functional impairment experienced by individuals with BPD in the general community. To address this issue, we compared overall and domain-specific (educational/occupational; social; recreational) functioning in a sample of community-based individuals with BPD ( n = 164); community-based individuals without BPD ( n = 901); and clinically-ascertained individuals with BPD ( n = 61). BPD diagnoses and functional outcomes were based on well-accepted, semi-structured interviews. Community-based individuals with BPD were significantly less likely to experience good overall functioning (steady, consistent employment and ≥1 good relationship) compared to community-based individuals without BPD (BPD: 47.4%; Non- BPD: 74.5%; risk difference −27.1%; p 0.001), even when compared directly to their own non-BPD siblings (risk difference −35.5%; p 0.001). Community-based individuals with BPD versus those without BPD did not differ significantly on most domain-specific outcomes, but the former group experienced poorer educational/occupational performance and lower quality relationships with parents, partners, and friends. However, community-based individuals with BPD were significantly more likely to experience good overall functioning than clinically-based individuals with BPD (risk difference −35.2%; p 0.001), with the latter group more likely to experience reduced employment status, very poor quality relationships with partners, and social isolation. In conclusion, community-based individuals with BPD experienced marked functional impairment, especially in the social domain, but were less likely to experience the more extreme occupational and social impairments seen among patients with BPD.
The tendon-to-bone attachment: Unification through disarray

High-resolution imaging, composition analysis and mechanical testing reveal a disordered transitional material within the Achilles tendon-to-bone attachment, structured as a fibrous network to enable force transfer and maximize structural integrity.
Glial EAAT2 regulation of extracellular nTS glutamate critically controls neuronal activity and cardiorespiratory reflexes.

Key points Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is present on astrocytes in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS), an important nucleus in cardiorespiratory control. Its specific role in influencing nTS neuronal activity and thereby basal and reflex cardiorespiratory function is unknown. The specific role of nTS EAAT2 was determined via whole animal and brainstem slice patch clamp experiments. Astrocytic EAAT2 buffers basal glutamate activation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors and therefore decreases baseline excitability of nTS neurons. EAAT2 modulates cardiorespiratory control and tempers excitatory cardiorespiratory responses to activation of the peripheral chemoreflex. This study supports the concept that nTS astrocyte transporters influence sympathetic nervous system activity and cardiorespiratory reflex function in health and disease. Abstract Glutamatergic signalling is critical in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) for cardiorespiratory homeostasis and initiation of sensory reflexes, including the chemoreflex activated during hypoxia. Maintenance of nTS glutamate concentration occurs in part through astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). We previously established the importance of EAATs in the nTS by demonstrating their inhibition produced neuronal excitation to alter basal cardiorespiratory function. Since EAAT2 is the most expressed EAAT in the nTS, this study specifically determined EAAT2's role in nTS astrocytes, its influence on neuronal and synaptic properties, and ultimately on basal and reflex cardiorespiratory function. The EAAT2-specific antagonist dihydrokainate (DHK) was microinjected into the anaesthetized rat nTS or applied to rat nTS slices. DHK produced depressor, bradycardic and sympathoinhibitory responses and reduced neural respiration in the intact rat, mimicking responses to glutamate excitation. DHK also enhanced responses to glutamate microinjection. DHK elevated extracellular nTS glutamate concentration, depolarized neurons and enhanced spontaneous EPSCs. EAAT2 block also augmented action potential discharge in chemosensitive nTS neurons. Glial recordings confirmed EAAT2 is functional on nTS astrocytes. Neuronal excitation and cardiorespiratory effects following EAAT2 inhibition were due to activation of putative extrasynaptic AMPA receptors as their antagonism blocked DHK responses in the intact rat nTS and the slice. The DHK-induced elevation of extracellular glutamate and neuronal excitation augmented chemoreflex-mediated pressor, sympathoexcitatory and minute neural ventilation responses in the rat. These data shed new light on the important role astrocytic EAAT2 plays on buffering nTS excitation and overall cardiorespiratory function.
Iron Phosphate Polyanion Compounds as Anodes for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries

Aqueous lithium-ion batteries offer the possibility of the gravimetric capacity, round trip efficiency, and high cycle life of lithium-ion battery materials coupled with the cost and safety advantages of aqueous electrolytes. A common challenge in these systems is the narrow voltage window of aqueous electrolytes and achieving suitable stability of the lithium-ion materials in the electrolyte. This paper will describe synthesis and characterization of iron phosphate compounds as anodes for aqueous lithium-ion batteries. While these materials are at or near the lower range of the stability window of water, oxygen in the electrolyte and subsequent oxygen reduction was the primary challenge in operation of these cells.
Approximate string joins with abbreviations

String joins have wide applications in data integration and cleaning. The inconsistency of data caused by data errors, term variations and missing values has led to the need for approximate string joins (ASJ). In this paper, we study ASJ with abbreviations, which are a frequent type of term variation. Although prior works have studied ASJ given a user-inputted dictionary of synonym rules, they have three common limitations. First, they suffer from low precision in the presence of abbreviations having multiple full forms. Second, their join algorithms are not scalable due to the exponential time complexity. Third, the dictionary may not exist since abbreviations are highly domain-dependent.We propose an end-to-end workflow to address these limitations. There are three main components in the workflow: (1) a new similarity measure taking abbreviations into account that can handle abbreviations having multiple full forms, (2) an efficient join algorithm following the filter-verification framework and (3) an unsupervised approach to learn a dictionary of abbreviation rules from input strings. We evaluate our workflow on four real-world datasets and show that our workflow outputs accurate join results, scales well as input size grows and greatly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both accuracy and efficiency.
Infra-red spectra of metal complex ions below 600 cm−1—I: The spectra of the tris complexes of 1, 10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine with the transition metals iron(II) through zinc(II)

Abstract The infra-red spectra of the tris-2, 2′-bipyridine and the tris-1,10-phenanthroline complexes of iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) have been obtained from 250 to 2000 cm −1 . These spectra have been correlated with the bonding properties, and a metal-nitrogen bond vibration assignment has been proposed.
VENTRICULAR SHUNT SURVIVAL IN CHILDREN WITH NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

Although ventricular shunting has revolutionized care of children with hydrocephalus, problems with shunts are extremely common. Shunt malfunctions can cause serious morbidity and accounted for 1% of admissions to SMH in 1982. Children thus admitted average 9 days in hospital (mean cost, $4,543). To document shunt problems in children with hydrocephalus, 66 children born since 1973 who had neural tube defect and shunted hydrocephalus were studied via life-table analysis. 45% required revision (mean no. of revisions, 1.5; range, 1-5). 30% of the shunts failed within 9 mos. after insertion; 50% failed within 4 yrs. Shunts inserted in the 1st yr. of life were much more likely to fail than those inserted after 1 yr. of age (p<.05). Children with 1 or more shunt failures were not more likely to have subsequent failures. Similarly, the type of shunt (ventriculo-peritoneal, ventriculo-atrial), brand of shunt (Hakim, Pudenz, other), and shunt pressure (low, medium) were not correlated with the risk of failure. The interval between closure of the lesion and shunt insertion, and head circumference percentile at time of insertion were also not correlated with shunt failure. 48% of children requiring revision had symptoms of increased intracranial pressure; 14% had bacterial shunt infections. 74% of the revisions required head surgery. Thus, although ventricular shunts have resulted in dramatic improvement in care of children with hydrocephalus, major improvement in such shunts are needed to decrease morbidity caused by their frequent failures.
Abstract 153: A genome-wide CRISPR screen in hESC uncovers JNK pathway mediated inhibition of human definitive endoderm formation

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are uniquely suitable for interrogating human development and birth defects with high-throughput genetic manipulation. Using CRISPR/Cas, we have conducted a forward genetic screen for genes that regulate the formation of human definitive endoderm (DE), the first step towards the generation of cells in respiratory and gastrointestinal organs. Our screen identified both known and unknown regulators of endoderm differentiation, including a previously unrecognized inhibitory mechanism mediated by the JNK/JUN pathway. JNK inhibitor treatment significantly improves the efficiency of hESC differentiation to endoderm, leading to more efficient creation of endoderm-derived pancreatic and lung lineage cells. The AP1 transcription factor JUN co-occupies ESC enhancers with SMAD2/3 and OCT4, and impedes the re-configuration of the SMAD2/3 chromatin-binding landscape during the ESC-to-DE transition. Thus the hESC-based CRISPR screen enables unbiased interrogation of the functional genome during human development, which can inform hESC directed differentiation for regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Citation Format: Qing Li, Danwei Huangfu. A genome-wide CRISPR screen in hESC uncovers JNK pathway mediated inhibition of human definitive endoderm formation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 153.
Symmetries and Logical Visibility One More Time

My aim in this book was to explain the concept of mathematical structure, and to show examples of techniques that are used to study them. It would be hard to do it honestly without introducing some elements of logic and set theory. In a textbook, the line of thought may sometimes get lost in technical details. Now, when all necessary material has been covered, I can give a summary and a brief description of what this book is about.
Fabry's disease and stroke: Effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in stroke prevention, a review with meta-analysis.

Abstract Back ground and objective Fabry’s disease, is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder and is notorious for its early multi-organ involvement leading to complications, including ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks. Since 2001, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has become the mainstay treatment for Fabry’s patients but the indications are not clearly defined. We did a meta-analysis of the available data to review the benefit of ERT for stroke prevention in Fabry’s patients. Methods A literature search was performed from National Center for Biotechnology information (NCBI)/PubMed database without restriction of years for systematic review purposes. A systematic review of clinical cohort studies and trials was performed with pooled analysis of proportions. The pooled proportions and the confidence intervals (CI) for stroke recurrence ratio were calculated for both ERT treatment group and native treatment groups. Result A total of 7 cohort studies and 2 RCTs involving 7513 participants (1471 on ERT vs 6042 on native treatment) met inclusion criteria. The pooled proportions analysis showed that the stroke recurrence ratio in the ERT treatment group was 8.2% [95% CI 0.038, 0.126] and in native-treatment group was 16% [95% CI; 0.102, 0.217]. Effect differences favored ERT treatment group over native treatment group (p = 0.03). Conclusion Our meta-analysis based on the currently available data showed that ERT for Fabry’s disease has beneficial effect on stroke prevention. Female carriers and atypically affected males could be started on ERT as soon as diagnosis is made. Further studies are warranted to support the role of ERT in stroke prevention.
EFFECT OF CARBON ACTIVITY IN MATRIX ON DYNAMICS OF CARBIDE DIFFUSION COATING

The increase of thickness of carbide layer during carbide diffusion coating is proportional to the root of carbon activity in various steels. Thus it was demonstrated that the controlling fac- tor of the dynamics of carbide layer growth is carbon activity in steel matrix, but not carbon concentration.
A Theory of Reasoned Action Approach to Examining Academic Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Adolescents in a College Readiness Program

In the United States, the Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP) fosters relationships between racial-ethnic and low-income adolescents and adults and peers who help them and their families take formal steps toward pursuing a college degree. However, the extent to which GEAR UP students seek teachers, counselors, parents, or friends to prepare for college during program participation is underexplored in the literature. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action as a guiding framework, this study examined the extent to which GEAR UP participant attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions influenced whether participants sought academic support from teachers, counselors, parents, or friends during an academic semester. Strong direct and indirect effects were found in structural equation models examining GEAR UP student subjective norms, intentions, and behaviors regarding seeking academic support from friends. The data on students seeking academic support from school personnel and parents were less conclusive. Participation in GEAR UP activities influenced these relationships. Implications for how practitioners and researchers support the college readiness of adolescents in GEAR UP are discussed.
High-energy behaviour in ϕ3 theory in six dimensions

Abstract We study the high-energy behaviour of ϕ 3 theory in six dimensions in both the Regge and deep inelastic limits, using the renormalisation group and the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We consider both the case when the theory is asymptotically free, and the case when the ultraviolet behaviour is controlled by a fixed point of the renormalisation group. In the Regge limit, we find moving Regge poles in the first case, and a fixed square-root branch point in the second. In the deep inelastic limit, we confirm the results of the operator product expansion, namely that Bjorken scaling of the moments of the structure function is broken by powers of In Q 2 , and Q 2 respectively in the two cases.
Activity of decitabine as maintenance therapy in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia.

7522Background: Real-time quantitative (RTPCR) based minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring provides prognostic information in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML). Earlier we re...
Innominate Vein Injury Secondary to First-Time Sternotomy

Innominate vein injury is a known potential complication of redo sternotomy, but transection of the innominate vein after first-time median sternotomy has not been previously described. A 71-year-old woman experienced left innominate vein transection upon division of the sternum for coronary artery bypass grafting. Subsequent massive bleeding required digital compression of the transected vessel ends, open manual cardiac massage, institution of a massive transfusion protocol, and pharmacologic support before hemodynamic control was gained by instituting cardiopulmonary bypass. Left innominate vein injury can occur with both first-time and redo sternotomy.
Literacy skill and intra-individual variability in eye-fixation durations during reading: Evidence from a diverse community-based adult sample.

To understand the effects of literacy on fundamental processes involved in reading, we report a secondary data analysis examining individual differences in global eye-movement measures and first-pa...
For a good class, email: Technologically-mediated out-of-class communication and instructional outcomes

Abstract Proliferation of technology has provided additional means of out-of-class communication. This paper focuses on the relationship between technologically-mediated out-of-class communication (TMOCC) and variables crucial to successful instructional communication. A proposed model predicted perceived immediacy to mediate the relationship between immediacy behaviors (i.e., verbal and computer-mediated behaviors) and instructional outcomes (i.e., student state motivation and affective learning). While the proposed model was not supported, a model of best fit depicts perceived immediacy as a mediator for the relationship between verbal behaviors and motivation, which then impacts affective learning. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as limitations and opportunities for future research.
A Wavelength-Selective Multiwavelength Ring-Assisted Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Switch

Wavelength-selective switches have been proposed for datacenter use to enhance the scalability of their networks to help in meeting ever-increasing traffic demands. We have previously demonstrated a 4 × 4 ring-based crossbar silicon photonic switch in which each cross-point contained three ring pairs to partition the free spectral range (FSR) into three equal regions to reduce wavelength tuning range per ring pair—thereby reducing both the tuning power consumption and stress on the rings—while maintaining full routing flexibility. However, the question of scalability remains for such a crossbar switch in which 96 signal pads—one routed to each ring—are required to fully control it. In this article we present a 4-port silicon photonic ring-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer (RAMZI) switch with multiple-sized rings per switching elements in a Benes network configuration to reduce the number of electrical pads required to 36 signal pads for the equivalent number of wavelength-selective switch elements per switch cell. The switch is 500 μm × 3 mm in size and is packaged on a custom PCB. Another advantage the RAMZI switch has over the crossbar switch is that the loss through the switch is not path-dependent due to its balanced path configuration. In the crossbar switch, the difference between the shortest and longest paths is 2(N − 1) switching elements. Finally, we present results from the fabricated switch and the outlook for further scaling of the switch architecture.
Transcriptional ups and downs: patterns of gene expression in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii reproduces sexually in felines and asexually in virtually all warm-blooded animals, including humans. This obligate intracellular parasite alternates between biologically distinct developmental stages throughout its complex life cycle. Stage conversion is crucial for T. gondii transmission, persistence, and the maintenance of genetic diversity within the species. Genome-wide comparative transcriptomic studies have contributed invaluable insights into the regulatory gene networks underlying T. gondii development.
Youth identity formation: (Mis)alignment between urban male youth and sport coaches

Abstract A critical process of healthy youth development is the formation of a positive sense of identity. An individual’s holistic identity is comprised of a variety of differing identities related their social group membership. Due to systemic racism and false stereotypes, urban youth – specifically African American/Black youth – are socially vulnerable and at-risk for the development of negative self-identities. Furthering this disparity, the mechanisms that contribute to the formation of youth identity are not well understood. The current study explored the mechanisms, from multiple perspectives, that contribute to youth identity formation across multiple domains. The study took place at a faith-based youth sport program designed for urban male youth, which used sport activities to facilitate conversations about faith and teach principles of healthy masculinity. In total, 14 youth and 10 coaches engaged in the study through individual semi-structured interviews. The majority of youth and coaches self-identified as Black/African American. Through two separate thematic analyses, findings demonstrate mechanisms that enhance or conflict with youth identity formation related to the domains of race/culture, faith, masculinity, and athletics. Further, areas of (mis)alignment between youth and coaches were recognized. For example, regarding race/culture, youth and coaches discussed the importance of popular culture and the negative influence of stereotypes. However, related to masculinity, youth discussed the positive influence of male family members, while coaches believed that the lack of male role models inhibited healthy masculinity. Using these findings, programs can be designed and facilitated to leverage positive mechanisms while mitigating negative factors that contribute to youth identity.
Differences in TCR repertoire and T cell activation underlie the divergent outcomes of antitumor immune responses in tumor-eradicating versus tumor-progressing hosts.

Background Antitumor immunity is highly heterogeneous between individuals; however, underlying mechanisms remain elusive, despite their potential to improve personalized cancer immunotherapy. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) vary significantly in immune infiltration and therapeutic responses between patients, demanding a mouse model with appropriate heterogeneity to investigate mechanistic differences. Methods We developed a unique HNSCC mouse model to investigate underlying mechanisms of heterogeneous antitumor immunity. This model system may provide a better control for tumor-intrinsic and host-genetic variables, thereby uncovering the contribution of the adaptive immunity to tumor eradication. We employed single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the difference in TCR repertoire of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the unique activation states linked with different TCR clonotypes. Results We discovered that genetically identical wild-type recipient mice responded heterogeneously to the same squamous cell carcinoma tumors orthotopically transplanted into the buccal mucosa. While tumors initially grew in 100% of recipients and most developed aggressive tumors, ~25% of recipients reproducibly eradicated tumors without intervention. Heterogeneous antitumor responses were dependent on CD8 T cells. Consistently, CD8 TILs in regressing tumors were significantly increased and more activated. Single-cell TCR-sequencing revealed that CD8 TILs from both growing and regressing tumors displayed evidence of clonal expansion compared with splenic controls. However, top TCR clonotypes and TCR specificity groups appear to be mutually exclusive between regressing and growing TILs. Furthermore, many TCRα/TCRβ sequences only occur in one recipient. By coupling single-cell transcriptomic analysis with unique TCR clonotypes, we found that top TCR clonotypes clustered in distinct activation states in regressing versus growing TILs. Intriguingly, the few TCR clonotypes shared between regressors and progressors differed greatly in their activation states, suggesting a more dominant influence from tumor microenvironment than TCR itself on T cell activation status. Conclusions We reveal that intrinsic differences in the TCR repertoire of TILs and their different transcriptional trajectories may underlie the heterogeneous antitumor immune responses in different hosts. We suggest that antitumor immune responses are highly individualized and different hosts employ different TCR specificities against the same tumors, which may have important implications for developing personalized cancer immunotherapy.
An unexpected COVID-19 diagnosis during emergency surgery in a neonate.

A 4-day-old, 3.3 kg infant presented with suspected intestinal malrotation, necessitating emergent diagnostic laparoscopy. Intra-operatively, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came back positive. This is the first case report of emergency surgery and anesthesia in a positive SARS-CoV-2 newborn. This report highlights a neonate with an incidental positive SARS-CoV-2 test, no known exposure history, negative polymerase chain reaction maternal testing, and absence of respiratory symptoms who required modified pressure control ventilation settings to adequately ventilate with the high-efficiency particulate air filter in situ.
Safety of administering biologics to IBD patients at an outpatient infusion center In New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sars-CoV-2 seroprevalence and clinical and social characteristics

Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and acquired and genetic immunodeficiencies receiving therapeutic infusions are considered high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the seroprevalance in this group and the safety of routine administrations at outpatient infusion centers are unknown. To determine the infection rate and clinical-social factors related to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients with IMIDs and immunodeficiencies receiving routine non-cancer therapeutic infusions, we conducted a seroprevalence study at our outpatient infusion center. We report the first prospective SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance of 444 IBD/IMID, immunodeficiency, and immune competent patients at an outpatient infusion center in the U.S. showing lower seroprevalence in patients compared with the general population and provide clinical and social characteristics associated with seroprevalence in this group. These data suggest that patients can safely continue infusions at outpatient centers.
Outcomes of gastrostomy placement with and without concomitant tracheostomy among ventilator dependent children.

Abstract Introduction Simultaneous gastrostomy tube (GT) and tracheostomy placement in young children offers potential benefit in limiting anesthetic exposure, but it is unknown whether combining these procedures introduces additional morbidity. This study compared outcomes after combined GT and tracheostomy placement versus GT placement alone among similar ventilator-dependent patients. Methods Ventilator-dependent children Results Among 1100 children, 351 underwent MV-GT, 494 GT+T, and 255 T-GT. Major complications occurred in 23.6%, 17.0%, and 14.5% of the respective groups (p = 0.01). Major complications with GT+T were similar to T-GT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.19, 95%CI:0.78–1.83, p = 0.4) and lower than MV-GT (aOR=0.67, 95%CI:0.47–0.95, p = 0.02). Severe complications including mortality, cardiac arrest, and stroke were similar between the three groups (p = 0.8). Conclusions Children Type of Study Treatment Study Level of Evidence Level III
Linkages Between Agriculture and Nutrition in Bihar

Despite high growth, nutritional deficiencies remain a critical problem, affecting infants, children, men and women in Bihar. Although, there is an improvement in the situation of malnutrition in t...
A Representative Case of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 (P1.9-047)

Objective: NA Background: SCA7 is an autosomal dominant trinucleotide repeat disorder characterized by genetic anticipation, with an expansion of > 37 polyglutamate (CAG) repeats being pathogenic. The clinical phenotype includes retinal degeneration (unique amongst the dominantly inherited SCAs), with disproportionate cone dysfunction. Visual symptoms, including decreased acuity and fundoscopic macular changes ranging from mild pigmentation to severe maculopathy, can precede or follow cerebellar signs. Design/Methods: NA Results: Case: We report a 21-year-old man with poor visual acuity at least since age 9, when he was noted to have marked optic nerve cupping and large optic discs. Glaucoma was suspected and treatment initiated. MRI brain at age 10 was normal. He presented to neuro-ophthalmology within our institution at age 13. His visual acuity was not correctable with refraction; Ishihara testing detected trouble discriminating colors; and intraocular pressures were normal (with no slit-lamp evidence of glaucoma). Fundoscopy revealed bilateral optic nerve atrophy and Bull’s-eye maculopathy. Optical coherence tomography measured symmetric retinal nerve fiber layers without focal thinning. Visual field testing detected bilateral central scotomas. Electroretinography measured a reduced cone response. Repeat MRI brain at age 17 visualized cerebellar and brainstem atrophy. At age 20 he was referred to our department for gait and coordination difficulty. Exam revealed slow saccades, vertical nystagmus, ophthalmologist, scanned speech, appendicular ataxia and dysmetria, and a wide-based gait. He had no known family history of ataxia or vision loss. Genetic SCA panel detected 58 CAG repeats in the ATXN7 gene, confirming the diagnosis of SCA7. Riluzole 50 mg twice daily was initiated, symptoms have continued to progress. Conclusions: Autosomal dominant ataxias can present without a family history. SCA7 should be suspected in any patient with the constellation of vision loss and ataxia. Isolated eye findings can mimic other conditions, such as glaucoma, as in our case, where retinal pigmentation on fundoscopy is absent. Disclosure: Dr. Margolesky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carbunar has nothing to disclose.
Non-contact Fingertip Microwave Plethysmography Based on Near-Field Sensing with Super-regenerative Oscillator

In this article, a new kind of near-field sensor based on a super-regenerative oscillator (SRO) architecture is proposed to detect the pulse waveforms from fingertips without any direct contact. The designed sensor operates at the center frequency of 5.06 GHz, where a quench signal is imposed to modulate the drain voltage such that the SRO sensor operates in the logarithmic mode. Experiment results demonstrate that the pulse width (PW) as well as vital sign information, such as heartbeat rate, can be easily identified, which agree well with the ground truth measured by a commercial photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. Furthermore, the proposed near-field SRO-based sensor exhibits higher sensitivity with reduced hardware complexity compared with conventional radar sensors based on homodyne or self-Inj ection locked (SIL) schemes.