cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of (±)-Epiderstatin

Abstract An efficient total synthesis of the glutarimide-based natural product, (±)-epiderstatin 1 , in 38% overall yield from acid chloride 4 , is described. This study has also allowed for assignment of the C 3 /C 5 -relative stereochemistry as trans.
Phase diagrams of Ising models on Husimi trees. I. Pure multisite interaction systems

Lattice spin systems with multisite interactions have rich and interesting phase diagrams. We present some results for such systems involving Ising spins (σ=±1) using a generalization of the Bethe lattice approximation. First, we show that our approach yields good approximations for the phase diagrams of some recently studied multisite interaction systems. Second, a multisite interaction system with competing interactions is investigated and a strong connection with results from the theory of dynamical systems is made. We exhibit a full bifurcation diagram, chaos, period-3 windows, etc., for the magnetization of the base site of this system.
Analysis of Thickness Vibrations of C-Axis Inclined Zig-Zag Multi-layered Zinc Oxide Thin Film Resonators

The free vibrations of a multilayer C-axis inclined zig-zag ZnO thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) connected to external impedance have been analyzed; the frequency equation and mode shape for this resonator were derived based on the linear piezoelectric theory. The impedance characteristics of the FBAR are derived and compared with previous experimental results. The analytical result shows that as the layer number increases, the thickness shear mode remains stable while the longitudinal mode has shifted to a lower value. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to explain the discrepancy between our analytical result and previous experiment result. The analytical results provide an insight for the multi-layered zig-zag FBAR design and applications.
Lateral gaze deficit suggesting multiple sclerosis

The case of a 26-year-old white man with multiple sclerosis is presented. Although the patient was unaware of his condition, the signs and symptoms that he presented were highly suggestive of multiple sclerosis. The case is unusual in that initial diagnosis was made by a senior dental student in a social rather than a clinical setting and without a presenting complaint by the patient. The significance of a thorough clinical examination and the responsibility of a general practitioner as a primary health provider to be observant of signs of disease such as multiple sclerosis are discussed.
The Alpha1-antitrypsin Gene and Its Mutations: Clinical Consequences and Strategies for Therapy

bpha,-antitrypsin (a,AT) deficiency is an autosomal hereditary disorder characterized by low serum and lung levels ofa,AT, a high risk for the development of emphysema in the third to fourth decades, and a lesser risk for the development of liver disease, particularly in dhod”7 This disorder is an extraordinary example of the power of modern genetics. It was first recognized in 1963, when Laurell and Eriksson5 discovered the disease “a,-antitrypsin deficiency” by noting a marked reduction of the “a,globulin” band in approximately 1 of500 serum protein electrophoresis patterns of a random Swedish population. Within 25 years, the clinical manifestations have been fully described, the responsible gene has been cloned, the molecular bases of the major deficiency states are defined, and techniques have been deveboped for accurate prenatal diagnosis. Although the liver disease still remains an enigma, the pathogenesis ofwhy a deficiency ofa,AT causes emphysema is well understood and a specific therapy is available to prevent the progression of the emphysema in these individuals.
Loosely coupled systems as a conceptual framework for interdisciplinary training

To make interdisciplinary team training (IDTT) effective, educators need to understand how it works. We suggest that loosely coupled systems theory accounts for IDTT in ways that traditional frameworks do not and that effective IDTT programs function as loosely coupled systems. Loosely coupled systems theory facilitates an understanding of interdisciplinary training as a system in which (a) some elements of the training program conflict; (b) the learning activities may be disjointed or confusing; and (c) the learning goals of the various participants, both trainees and instructors, may diverge. Loosely coupled systems theory explains why these are the circumstances of IDTT and reassures that such systems manage to survive and be successful not only in spite of their loosely coupled nature, but because of it.
Functional morphology of the "tongue-bite" in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus.

Osteoglossomorph fishes are characterized by having three sets of jaws: a mandibular jaw apparatus (MJA) anteriorly, a pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) posteriorly, and a tongue-bite apparatus (TBA) associated with basihyal and parasphenoid teeth. The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system. The function of the tongue-bite in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus was characterized by using high-speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue-bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open-mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open-mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity. We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue-bite in Notopterus. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue-bite. We hypothesize that lack of sternohyoideus activity during intraoral prey processing, posterior pectoral girdle rotation, and a long-fibered posterior intermandibularis muscle are novel structures associated with the tongue-bite apparatus within osteoglossomorph fishes.
A Newton-Raphson approach for nonlinear diffusion equations in radiation hydrodynamics.

Abstract Numerical solutions of radiative transfer problems via a flux-limited diffusion equation coupled with the material energy balance equation are in general characterized by a standard explicit treatment of all the nonlinearities. An increase in accuracy has been recently obtained by analyzing the rate of convergence of a fully implicit treatment. In this paper a complete Newton-Raphson linearization algorithm at each time step is investigated. Numerical results are presented for radiation penetration into a cold slab driven by a constant incident surface intensity.
The differences between Kurepa trees and Jech-Kunen trees

By an ω1 we mean a tree of power ω1 and height ω1. An ω1-tree is called a Kurepa tree if all its levels are countable and it has more than ω1 branches. An ω1-tree is called a Jech-Kunen tree if it has κ branches for some κ strictly between ω1 and $$2^{\omega _1 }$$ . In Sect. 1, we construct a model ofCH plus $$2^{\omega _1 } > \omega _2$$ , in which there exists a Kurepa tree with not Jech-Kunen subtrees and there exists a Jech-Kunen tree with no Kurepa subtrees. This improves two results in [Ji1] by not only eliminating the large cardinal assumption for [Ji1, Theorem 2] but also handling two consistency proofs of [Ji1, Theorem 2 and Theorem 3] simultaneously. In Sect. 2, we first prove a lemma saying that anAxiom A focing of size ω1 over Silver's model will not produce a Kurepa tree in the extension, and then we apply this lemma to prove that, in the model constructed for Theorem 2 in [Ji1], there exists a Jech-Kunen tree and there are no Kurepa trees.
Posterior cingulum white matter disruption and its associations with verbal memory and stroke risk in mild cognitive impairment.

Medial temporal lobe and temporoparietal brain regions are among the earliest neocortical sites to undergo pathophysiologic alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although the underlying white matter changes in these regions is less well known. We employed diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate early alterations in regional white matter integrity in participants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The following regions of interests (ROIs) were examined: 1) anterior cingulum (AC); 2) posterior cingulum (PC); 3) genu of the corpus callosum; 4) splenium of the corpus callosum; and 5) as a control site for comparison, posterior limb of the internal capsule. Forty nondemented participants were divided into demographically-similar groups based on cognitive status (MCI: n = 20; normal control: n = 20), and fractional anisotropy (FA) estimates of each ROI were obtained. MCI participants showed greater posterior white matter (i.e., PC, splenium) but not anterior white matter (i.e., AC, genu) changes, after adjusting for age, stroke risk, and whole brain volume. FA differences of the posterior white matter were best accounted for by changes in radial but not axial diffusivity. PC FA was also significantly positively correlated with hippocampal volume as well as with performance on tests of verbal memory, whereas stroke risk was significantly correlated with genu FA and was unrelated to PC FA. When investigating subtypes of our MCI population, amnestic MCI participants showed lower PC white matter integrity relative to those with non-amnestic MCI. Findings implicate involvement of posterior microstructural white matter degeneration in the development of MCI-related cognitive changes and suggest that reduced FA of the PC may be a candidate neuroimaging marker of AD risk.
Macroinvertebrate response to stream restoration by large wood addition

We examined the aquatic macroinvertebrate community response to habitat rehabilitation activities in an incised, sand-bed stream. Seventy-two large wood (LW) structures were placed along 2 km of Little Topashaw Creek (37 km 2 watershed) in north-central Mississippi, USA. Macroinvertebrate collections were made from bed sediments, LW, leaf packs and qualitative multi-habitat sampling during 2 years prior to and 2 years following LW addition. Addition of LW tripled the availability of wood substrate but had no measurable effect on macroinvertebrate abundance or family richness. Ordination analyses revealed subtle differences in community composition between treated and untreated conditions, but these were related to antecedent discharge (occurrence of high flows during the preceding 6 months) and bed sediment composition rather than the availability of LW. Restoration of incising, sand-bed streams must include measures that address perturbed hydrology and degraded water quality as well as instream treatments. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Women's health: the right to life.

s e d t he 1994 International Conference on Population and evelopment (ICPD) closed in Cairo with hard-fought greement by 179 participating countries on an extenive plan of action to reduce poverty and save womn’s lives. The historic agreement included comproise language on abortion and other controversial ssues, but reflected global unity on the urgency of romoting women’s human rights and autonomy in eproductive health and rights. Since 2002, the United tates has balked at reaffirming the ICPD Programme f Action, objecting to language such as “reproductive ights,” “reproductive health services,” and “consisent condom use.” In a session of the Commission of opulation and Development held at the United Naions in March 2004 to mark the 10-year anniversary of CPD and affirm agreed-upon goals, principles, and ommitments, the United States was for the third time he lone dissenter (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002; lanned Parenthood Federation of America, 2004). The stakes could hardly be higher, given the coninuing risks of maternal mortality and morbidity, nability to achieve desired limits on family size, and scalating chances of contracting HIV/AIDS and other exually transmitted infections for many of the orld’s women. Women in the United States do not ace the same risks of death, disease, and disability hat accompany extreme deprivation and characterize ife for women in many developing countries and onflict areas. However, persistent and emerging reroductive health risks; barriers to preventive, curaive, and rehabilitative health care; and glaring social isparities for women in the United States constitute ajor human rights issues. In the world’s most afflunt society with the most sophisticated medical techology, women have recently lost ground in achieving eproductive health as defined by ICPD: “physical, ental and social well-being (not just the absence of d
Use of the critical chain project management technique at NASA, Langley Research Center

Although the term critical chain project management is relatively new, it is an evolutionary project management technique and not a revolutionary one. A CCPM schedule continues to rely upon the establishment of a PERT network, the assignment of duration and resources - people, equipment or funds - to each task in that network, as well as the creation of project calendars and a resource calendar for each assigned resource. What is different is the way CCPM-compliant scheduling software uses the principles of TOC to identify and resolve resource contentions prior to calculating task dates, and the way it mitigates schedule. The implementation of the CCPM technique across LaRC's wind tunnel test cycle has made such improvements to project schedule performance and team morale that other organizational units on the Center are now asking for training in the use of the CCPM technique.
The effects of ozonated irrigation water on soil physical and chemical properties

Abstract There are reports that ozone in irrigation water can improve crop vigor, reduce insect and disease, enhance water penetration, and reduce fertilizer needs. It has been noted that ozone treated field soils seem spongier and have less standing water. Here we report on a laboratory column study on the effects of ozonated irrigation water on hydraulic conductivity, soil hardness (aggregate strength), clay dispersion, soil swelling, and changes to the chemical composition of the leachate water. Additional batch studies were conducted to characterize the factors affecting the rate of ozone loss in soil/water suspensions and the results used in a mathematical model to predict ozone movement into a soil. We found that ozone increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity and decreased clay dispersion in a loamy soil, but not if the soil had an exchangeable sodium percentage >15%. In two other soils tested, the ozone effects were mixed or insignificant. In every soil tested, the drainage water from the ozo...
Quantum algorithms for the ordered search problem via semidefinite programming

One of the most basic computational problems is the task of finding a desired item in an ordered list of $N$ items. While the best classical algorithm for this problem uses ${\mathrm{log}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}N$ queries to the list, a quantum computer can solve the problem using a constant factor fewer queries. However, the precise value of this constant is unknown. By characterizing a class of quantum query algorithms for the ordered search problem in terms of a semidefinite program, we find quantum algorithms for small instances of the ordered search problem. Extending these algorithms to arbitrarily large instances using recursion, we show that there is an exact quantum ordered search algorithm using $4\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{log}}_{605}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}N\ensuremath{\approx}0.433\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{log}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}N$ queries, which improves upon the previously best known exact algorithm.
A Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis Investigating the Determinants of Blood Pressure in Whites and African Americans☆

Evidence for genomic regions influencing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were assessed in a whole genome linkage analysis in 211 African American and 160 white families as part of the GenNet network of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-sponsored Family Blood Pressure Program. Multipoint regression and variance components linkage methods were used to analyze 372 polymorphic markers. Statistically compelling evidence for linkage (P values .0057 and .00023, respectively) was found on chromosome 1. Our results support the idea that BP regulation is most likely governed by multiple genetic loci, each with a relatively weak effect on BP in the population at large.
The current trend of administering a patient-generated index in the oncological setting: a systematic review

The patient-generated index (PGI) is a more novel approach to evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that allows patients to formulate their own responses in an open-ended format in order to measure HRQOL based on each patient’s own stated goals and expectations. To date the use of PGI in the setting of patients diagnosed with cancer remains relatively less common compared to other health conditions. This systematic review primarily aims to identify current literature in which PGI has been used as a tool to assess quality of life in cancer patients. A systematic review using the MEDLINE database from January 1990 to July 2013 was performed with the following search terms to identify the implementation of PGI in oncology settings: (PGI OR patient generated index OR patient-generated OR patient-reported OR patient generated OR patient reported) AND (cancer OR oncology OR tumor OR neoplasm OR malignancy). Of the 2167 papers initially identified, 10 papers evaluated quality of life in oncology patients by collecting free-form responses from the patient, 4 of which actually used PGI. An overarching theme observed in these studies highlighted the concerns mentioned by patients that were not targeted or detected by standardized quality of life measures. While implementing the PGI may require slightly more investment of resources in the beginning, the potential implications of allowing patients to characterize their quality of life on their own terms are tremendous.
Rate dependence of shear banding and serrated flows in a bulk metallic glass

Using an infrared camera, we observed in situ dynamic shear-banding operations during compression of a bulk metallic glass at various strain rates. We demonstrated that the shear-banding events are highly dependent on strain rates, either intermittent at the lower strain rate or successive at the higher strain rate. Serrated plastic-flow behaviors are a result of shear-banding operations. These observations provide a new insight into inhomogeneous deformation of metallic glasses.
The care and feeding of a photonics technologist: Design as a goal of engineering technology education

The four-year Laser Optical Engineering Technology (LOET) program at Oregon Institute of Technology is described. The LOET graduate has accumulated over 400 hours in photonics laboratories, over 200 hours in electronics laboratories, and over 100 hours in a variety of other laboratories (manufacturing, physics, chemistry, and computer systems). Another critical factor in successfully transforming the entering freshman into a graduating photonics technologist is the evolution of the student's skills in the laboratory. For the photonics student, this includes not only increasing sophistication in optics and laser laboratories, but also increasing competence with test and measurement equipment, electronics, hardware, and computer software. Finally, theory should be taught at levels that constantly challenge the students' mathematical and analytical skills. >
Helix couplers for linear-beam devices

In this paper the interaction between electron beams and coupled helices is studied and generalized to include the effects of 1) space charge QC ; 2) finite circuit loss d ; 3) finite values of gain parameter C ; 4) an unrestricted coupling parameter k , and 5) the effect of having a large positive value of the velocity parameter b such that the propagation constants are purely imaginary. A general determinantal equation including all these factors is derived from the coupled-circuit equations and the stream equation. Curves of the propagation constants for a variety of operating parameters are shown. Attention is called to the fact that a region of growing wave is found for large positive b for extremely tight coupling. The extent to which the "growing-wave island" is affected by the various operating parameters is also illustrated. Equations for the outer and inner helix r-f voltages are derived and from which curves of the propagating r-f powers along the helices are computed and plotted. Positions for maximum transfer of energy between the helices can be deduced and the extent to which they are affected by the various Parameters is discussed.
Regional expression and regulation of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase

Abstract Regional expression of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase, an abundant brush-border membrane disaccharidase, differs throughout the adult gastrointestinal tract, being highest in villus regions and the proximal small intestine. Its expression along the vertical axis (crypt-to-villus) appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level and increases with cellular maturation. However, along the proximal-to-distal small intestinal axis, sucrase-isomaltase expression appears to be determined by post-transcriptional factors, possibly at the level of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA translation. Total and specific activities of sucrase-isomaltase are also modulated by developmental, hormonal, differentiation, and nutritional factors and by disease states such as severe insulin-dependent diabetes. The following discussion will review the known cellular and molecular mechanisms that appear to determine sucrase-isomaltase expression and highlight new developments in this area that may provide insight into regulatory mechanisms of protein expression in intestinal epithelial cells.
WideTable: an accelerator for analytical data processing

This paper presents a technique called WideTable that aims to improve the speed of analytical data processing systems. A WideTable is built by denormalizing the database, and then converting complex queries into simple scans on the underlying (wide) table. To avoid the pitfalls associated with denormalization, e.g. space overheads, WideTable uses a combination of techniques including dictionary encoding and columnar storage. When denormalizing the data, WideTable uses outer joins to ensure that queries on tables in the schema graph, which are now nested as embedded tables in the WideTable, are processed correctly. Then, using a packed code scan technique, even complex queries on the original database can be answered by using simple scans on the WideTable(s). We experimentally evaluate our methods in a main memory setting using the queries in TPC-H, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods, both in terms of raw query performance and scalability when running on many-core machines.
Diagnostic, surgical judgment, and systems issues leading to reoperation: mining administrative databases.

Abstract Background Underreporting of surgical adverse events limits the ability to identify quality and safety issues. Automated screening of the clinical information system (CIS) can improve case capture and reduce dependency on self-reporting. We compared screening of a CIS to self-reporting for identifying unplanned reoperation and also examined the relationship between causality and probability of reporting. Methods Between 2005 and 2009, all unplanned reoperations identified by automated screening of databases were reviewed and classified according to causality. Comparison was made to cases self-reported to departmental morbidity and mortality; conditional probability analysis assessed the likelihood of reporting as a function of causality. Results Of 104,938 operations performed, automated CIS screening identified 1,010 cases requiring unplanned reoperation; 23.6% were self-reported to morbidity and mortality; the probability of reporting varied widely depending on causality. Conclusions Screening of a CIS for adverse events requiring reoperation revealed significant underreporting, with additional bias in reporting based on underlying causality.
Effects of post-stress hydrogen annealing on MOS oxides after /sup 60/Co irradiation or Fowler-Nordheim injection

Changes in interface trap density, D/sub it/, have been determined in MOSFETs as a function of time during hydrogen annealing at 295 K. Large increases in D/sub it/ are observed during H/sub 2/ annealing in MOSFETs previously stressed by either /sup 60/Co irradiation or Fowler-Nordheim electron injection. The annealing behavior is very similar for both types of stress, and this suggests that the D/sub it/ creation mechanism involves similar chemistry for hydrogen reactions. Studies of the time dependence of D/sub it/ creation as a function of MOSFET gate length show that the time dependence is limited primarily by lateral diffusion of molecular hydrogen through the gate oxide. An activation energy of 0.57 eV, which is consistent with H/sub 2/ diffusion, is obtained from the temperature dependence. >
Reassessment of the Usefulness of Frozen Section Analysis for Hip and Knee Joint Revisions

Intraoperative frozen section (FS) consultation is used in evaluating possible infection in cases of hip and knee revision arthroplasty, serving as an adjunct to preoperative and intraoperative studies. We examined our experience for more than 11 years to determine if FS examination had value when sections were sent nonselectively. We reviewed 244 cases, 132 with available culture results. The criterion for the presence of acute inflammation was more than 5 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field (hpf) in at least 5 separate hpfs, excluding surface inflammatory exudate and fibrin. Only 27 cases (11.1%) demonstrated positive FS or paraffin section results. In comparison with intraoperative culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for FS analysis alone (on review) were 29%, 95%, 40%, and 92%. As currently used, FS analysis has excellent specificity and negative predictive value but poor sensitivity and positive predictive value. We suggest that FS examination be used more selectively in conjunction with other studies, namely erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein.
Cardiovascular Health: Associations with Race-ethnicity, Nativity, and Education in a Diverse, Population-based Sample of Californians

Abstract Purpose This study examined how race–ethnicity, nativity, and education interact to influence disparities in cardiovascular (CV) health, a new concept defined by the American Heart Association. We assessed whether race–ethnicity and nativity disparities in CV health vary by education and whether the foreign-born differ in CV health from their U.S.-born race–ethnic counterparts with comparable education. Methods We used data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey to determine the prevalence of optimal CV health metrics (based on selected American Heart Association guidelines) among adults ages 25 and older (n = 42,014). We examined the interaction between education and ethnicity–nativity, comparing predicted probabilities of each CV health measure between U.S.-born and foreign-born White, Asian, and Latino respondents. Results All groups were at high risk of suboptimal physical activity levels, fruit and vegetable and fast food consumption, and overweight/obesity. Those with greater education were generally better off except among Asian respondents. Ethnicity–nativity differences were more pronounced among those with less than a college degree. The foreign-born respondents exhibited both advantages and disadvantages in CV health compared with their U.S.-born counterparts that varied by ethnicity–nativity. Conclusions Education influences ethnicity–nativity disparities in CV health, with most race–ethnic and nativity differences occurring among the less educated. Studies of nativity differences in CV health should stratify by education in order to adequately address SES differences.
WT1, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor as markers for breast or ovarian primary sites in metastatic adenocarcinoma to body fluids.

In tissue sections, detection of the Wilms tumor susceptibility gene 1 (WT1) protein, the hormonal receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR), and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP) are useful for diagnosing ovarian and breast adenocarcinomas. We evaluated these markers for cytology cell-block preparations from 96 effusion specimens (metastases from 29 breast, 22 ovarian, and 45 adenocarcinomas from other sites). WT1 protein was reactive in 19 cases metastatic from ovary (86%), 2 from breast (7%), and none from other sites (specificity, 97%). Of the metastatic breast carcinomas, 21 (72%) were reactive for ER, 15 (52%) for PR, and 13 (45%) for both (combined specificity, 84%). GCDFP was reactive in only 4 breast cancer cases (14%). Ovarian tumors also were frequently positive for ER (19 [86%]), PR (11 [50%]), or both (10 [45%]). WT1 protein is an effective marker for ovarian adenocarcinoma, especially in ascites. The detection of ER and PR in metastatic adenocarcinoma from pleural or pericardial effusions can distinguish breast from lung primary sites. Reactivity for ER and PR did not distinguish between breast and ovarian metastases; however, studies for WT1 protein and GCDFP may aid in making this distinction.
Left ventricular assist device thrombosis: another piece of the puzzle?

The regulatory approval of continuous flow (CF) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) created great enthusiasm, as these devices appeared to solve some of the major problems of pulsatile flow (PF) LVADs, including frequent mechanical failure within 12 to 18 months of implantation, the loud noise
Bounds on Polynomials

The more sophisticated polynomial algorithms discussed in the following chapters require estimates on the size of the coefficients of factors of a polynomial. The most natural of these results give bounds on the size of linear factors of univariate polynomials,i.e., bounds on the size of zeroes of univariate polynomials. These bounds are very useful when computing the polynomial zeroes numerically. The linear factor estimates can be extended to give bounds on the size of larger degree factors. These estimates are used in calculations of the GCD’s and factorizations of polynomials over the integers.
RESULTS OF CHARACTERIZATION TESTS OF THE SURFACES OF A COMMERCIALLY CARBURIZED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

A commercial surface carburization treatment that shows promise for hardening the surfaces of the stainless steel target vessel of the Spallation Neutron Source against cavitation erosion and pitting caused by the action of pulsed pressure waves in the liquid mercury target has been investigated. To verify promotional claims for the treatment and to uncover any factors that might be of concern for the integrity of a carburized target vessel, some characterization tests of the nature of the surface layers of carburized austenitic 316LN stainless steel were conducted. The findings support most of the claims. The carburized layer is about 35 {micro}m thick. Its indentation hardness is about five times larger than that of the substrate steel and declines rapidly with depth into the layer. The surface is distorted by the treatment, and the austenite lattice is enlarged. The corrosion resistance of the carburized layer in an acid medium is greater than that for untreated austenite. The layer is not brittle; it is plastically deformable and is quite resistant to cracking during straining. Contrary to the provider's assertations, the maximum carbon content of the layer is much less than 6-7 wt% carbon, and the carbon is not simply contained in supersaturatedmore » solid solution; some of it is present in a previously unreported iron carbide phase located at the very surface. Large variations were found in the thickness of the layer, and they signify that controls may be needed to ensure a uniform thickness for treatment of the SNS target vessel. Inclusion stringers and {delta}-ferrite phase embraced in the treated layer are less resistant to chemical attack than the treated austenite. From a cavitation pitting perspective under SNS bombardment, such non-austenitic phases may provide preferential sites for pitting. The shallow depth of the hardened layer will require use of protection measures to avoid mishandling damage to the layer during assembly and installation of a target vessel.« less
Supplementation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand indole-3-carbinol protects mice from Clostridium difficult associated disease. (MUC5P.762)

We have previously presented the dramatic benefit in survival that the dietary aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand indole-3-carbinol (I3C) confers in C. difficile disease in mice. Other groups have demonstrated that γδ T cells and Tregs play an important role in preventing other models of colitis. The current study sought to determine whether dietary I3C could protect mice from C. difficile by increasing the amounts of protective γδ T cells and Tregs. Furthermore, we examined the role of I3C in preventing antibiotic mediated dysbiosis. Mice were fed an experimental AHR ligand free diet (“base”) or the same diet supplemented with I3C and then infected with C. difficile. Pre-infection, base mice had less γδ T cells and Tregs in their cecum compared to I3C mice. Furthermore, I3C mice had a more robust and less pathologic microbiome pre-infection. Post-infection, I3C mice continued to have higher levels of γδ T cells and Tregs. These data suggest that AHR ligand supplementation can protect the host from C. difficile by reducing antibiotic associated dysbiosis as well as augmenting the local immune system to be more protective from C. difficile associated inflammation. Given the poor treatment options currently available as well as the high morbidity of infection, this represents an exciting new therapeutic possibility.
Internal Wavelength Locking of Grating-coupled Semiconductor Lasers Using Integrated On-chip Littrow Grating

We have conceived, fabricated, and tested a semiconductor laser with an integrated wavelength locking mechanism using an out-coupling grating combined with a total internal reflection (TIR) Littrow grating.
The Language of Pericles

When K.J. Dover asserted that "There is very little individual characterization of speeches" in Thucydides (Thucydides [Oxford, 1973], p. 23), he recorded both his own position and the scholarly consensus. But Dover’s claim is open to challenge. The diction, sentence structure, and other features of Pericles’ three direct speeches (Thucydides 1.140-144, 2.35-46, 2.60-64) are distinctive, in ways that illuminate the nature of Periclean leadership. Diction: Pericles not only favors certain words, but uses them in characteristically bold ways. τόλμα, ἐλπίς, πeίθω, and κίνδυνος generally given negative connotations by other speakers, play positive roles in each of Pericles’ three speeches, revealing a characteristically Athenian approach to international relations. On the other hand, Pericles never mentions, much less commends, σωφροσύνη. His repeated references to coincidence and memory (e.g. ξυμβαίνω, μeταβολή, μνήμη) are simultaneously realistic and idealistic. Persuasion, hope, and daring are all complex terms, in that they require a fusion of intellect and "will" to succeed. Pericles emphasizes the necessity of a supple and aggressive intellect in confronting the world, insisting in two different speeches that reason and daring are not antithetical but interdependent. Other features: The final two speeches are packed with ambiguity, paradox, metaphor, and relative clauses. Unlike Nicias, who also uses many relative clauses, Pericles constantly obscures his transitions, making us search for antecedents that may not exist. Pericles’ final speech is also far more gnomic than any other in Thucydides. One type of analogy, in which the middle term serves two purposes at once, may be peculiarly Periclean: men adapt their thoughts to fit events, and events proceed like thoughts (1.140.1); the virtues of our dead adorn my words, and my words honor the city (2.42.2); if we lay hold of freedom and preserve it, freedom will (in turn) easily regain our private possessions (2.62.3). Overt assertion and linguistic expression collaborate to give "meaning" to these speeches. The long scholarly tradition of insisting that Thucydides merely cloaked the "purport," "gist," or "Sinn" of an original in his own words rests on a dubious notion of form-content dualism that ignores the vital contribution of form to meaning. If verbal revision does indeed change the “meaning” of a statement, the dualistic scholarly tradition requires reconsideration just as much as Dover’s denial of individual characterization.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Retrograde Condensation in Narrow Oil-Wet Nanopores.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for a 70/30 wt % ethane/heptane mixture unconfined and confined to 60 nm oil-wet nanocapillaries with square cross sectional widths of 4 nm. Large...
Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Oviposition and Chemical Control of Larvae on Sunflowers

In field studies from 1978 to 1980, the relationship between Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) oviposition and flowering of sunflower was studied in Kansas. Oviposition was greatest on sunflower heads exposed from 2 to 4 days after inflorescences began 10 open. Also, 84 to 90% of the eggs were deposited by the end of the seventh day after inflorescences began to open. Five insecticides, applied at 30% bloom and 5 days later, were evaluated in 1982 for control of H. electellum larvae infesting sunflower heads. All insecticides significantly reduced numbers of larvae compared with the untreated check. Permethrin, carbofuran, acephate, and methidathion provided the best control. Ethyl parathion was significantly less effective than the other insecticides at the rates tested.
Are Public and Private Enforcement Complements or Substitutes? Evidence from High Frequency NHL Data

A substantial theoretical literature identifies two general approaches to deterring anti-social behavior: public police actions (specialized enforcement) to monitor and punish proscribed behavior, and private actions (community enforcement) to discourage both illegal and legal, anti-social activity. Recent papers highlight the importance of both enforcement approaches but empirical identification of their relative effects has been challenging. Utilizing a novel, event-level database from the National Hockey League and random variation in the amount of rest between games that a referee oversees as an instrument, we find that the timing of events is crucial in determining the relationship between different enforcement actions. When specialized enforcement is lacking, community enforcement acts as an effective substitute for specialized enforcement. However, when specialized enforcers are present, community enforcement creates no further deterrence. Conversely, conditional on initial actions by community enforcers, specialized enforcement is an effective complement to community enforcement.
Electron-stimulated desorption of H+, H2+, OH+, and H+(H2O)n from water-covered zirconia surfaces

Electron beam induced production and desorption of H+, H2+, OH+, and H+(H2O)n has been studied from water-covered zirconia surfaces. The proton yield is strongly dependent upon the form of water present with large yields mainly from multilayers or clusters. The high proton kinetic energy distributions and the linear yield vs dose are indicative of proton formation and desorption by 2-hole and 2-hole, 1-electron final states. These localized states are produced either directly or via Auger decay pathways, and desorption occurs from the vacuum surface interface as a result of a Coulomb explosion. The proton yield increases from 80 to 150 K and then drops dramatically as the temperature exceeds 150 K. The increased yield is associated with structural and physical changes in the adsorbed water and longer excited-state lifetimes. The decreased yield is correlated with water desorption. Above 180 K, a small proton signal is observable which we associate with electron-stimulated dissociation of hydroxyl groups p...
The Presentation of Processed, Ia Restricted, T Cell Antigenic Peptides on Antigen Presenting Cell Surfaces

The helper T cell response to a soluble protein requires the processing of the native antigen by an antigen presenting cell (APC) to a peptide containing an antigenic determinant, which is transported to and held on the APC surface, where it is recognized by the specific T cell in the context of the appropriate Ia molecule1. The requirement for processing and presentation of antigens for T cell recognition would not appear to apply only to T cells of the helper subset, in that recent studies have indicated that cytolytic T cells may also recognize processed forms of their antigens in the context of the MHC class I molecules. Thus, Townsend et al.2 demonstrated that cytolytic T cells specific for influenza virus infected cells recognize peptides of the nucleocapsid protein which is not normally expressed in its native form on the cell surface. Furthermore, cells transfected with genes encoding a truncated soluble form of influenza virus hemagglutinin which lacks a membrane anchoring domain and consequently is not expressed on cell surfaces are, all the same, targets of hemagglutinin specific cytolytic T cells3. Thus, the ability to process and present both extracellular and intracellular proteins appears to be a general function of all cells which presumably have the machinery to anchor T cell antigenic peptides on their surfaces.
Analysis of causes of relevance of myoma of uterus and mammary gland hyperplasia

Objective To explore the correlation between uterine myoma and hyperplasia of mammary glands in the cause of.Methods 200 cases of gynecological diseases,including 100 cases of uterine leiomyoma,100 cases of breast hyperplasia,and 100 normal women with gynecological examination,by comparing the three groups of patients with estradiol(E 2),progesterone(P),prolactin(PRL) and other hormone levels,correlation study myoma of uterus and mammary gland hyperplasia in pathogenesis.Results Two kinds of diseases are related with sex hormone stimulation,two of them in groups of patients with estradiol(E 2) levels than normal group average level increased(P0.05),and progesterone(P) levels decreased compared to the normal level(P0.05),and have a certain influence.Conclusion Through the comparative analysis,relevance causes two diseases,which has a certain guiding significance for the treatment,is conducive to guide the clinical treatment.
Determination of sensitivity of Culex pipiens pallens to 3 kinds of insecticides

Objective To explore the resistance trends of Culex pipiens pallens group(wild strains) to 3 kinds of insecticide in Huzhou and other cities and provide evidence for reasonable application of insecticides and mosquito control.Methods Soaking method was applied for determining of LC_(50) for the fourth instar larva.Results The resistance factors of the tested strains to beta-cypermethrin,d-allethrin and DDT were as follows: 2.6,3.3,1.2(Huzhou);2.8,3.2,1.3(Jiaxing);2.2,2.8,1.1(Lishui);2.8,2.5,1.4(Jinhua);3.0,2.1,1.5(Quzhou);2.9,3.1,1.6(Taizhou).Conclusion The tested wild strains had resistances to all 3 kinds of insecticides but their resistance factors to DDT were close to the normal strain.
Construction of Comprehensive Laboratory for Maritime Training

This paper put forward to build a comprehensive laboratory for maritime training in order to improve the effect of nautical practical teaching.Through making use of computer simulation software,combining real-time sports model ship,it builds a maritime training system based on ECDIS,realizes the comprehensive maritime task,comprehensive operation of navigator and radar navigation training.it builds the training system of measuring and eliminating deviation of magnetic compass,simulates transit beacons circumrotation through real-time sports model ship,and realizes measuring and eliminating deviation of magnetic compass training of aim orientation and relative bearing.Through making use of multimedia teaching software,combining great screen projection of computer to realize multimedia teaching of subject.
A Straightforward Approach to the Analysis of Double Electron-Electron Resonance Data.

Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) is now widely utilized to measure distance distributions in the 20-70A range. DEER is frequently applied to biological systems that have multiple conformational states leading to complex distance distributions. These complex distributions raise issues regarding the best approach to analyze DEER data. A widely used method utilizes a priori background correction followed by Tikhonov regularization. Unfortunately, the underlying assumptions of this approach can impact the analysis. In this chapter, a method of analyzing DEER data is presented that is ideally suited to obtain these complex distance distributions. The approach allows the fitting of raw experimental data without a priori background correction as well as the rigorous determination of uncertainties for all fitting parameters. This same methodological approach can be used for the simultaneous or global analysis of multiple DEER data sets using variable ratios of a common set of components, thus allowing direct correlation of distance components with functionally relevant conformational and biochemical states. Examples are given throughout to highlight this robust fitting approach.
Continuously Supported Cylindrical-Conical Tanks

The bending effects in the shell arise from two primary sources: (1) the radial forces applied through the ring stiffeners; and (2) the geometrical discontinuity at the cylindrical-conical shell junction. These bending effects are largely uncoupled and exhibit some interdependence only when the lower ring stiffener is very close to the cylindrical-conical junction. When the lower ring stiffener is located close to the junction, there appears to be a beneficial coupling of the two sources of bending with reduced values of the hoop stress and junction bending moment. The bending moment at the vicinity of the lower ring stiffener is increased slightly, with the increase being less for larger values of the ring cross-sectional area. The effect of the bending rigidity of the vertical stiffeners, as reflected by the equivalent ring thickness, was minimal; thus, the primary benefit derived from such stiffeners is their action, in conjunction with the ring stiffeners, to form a circular ring girder capable of distributing the column reactions uniformly around the circumference.
Ethical Dilemmas in Dysphagia Practice.

(1996). Ethical Dilemmas in Dysphagia Practice. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation: Vol. 3, Clinical Management of Dysphagia, pp. 87-93.