cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gamma Irradiation at -78°C on Microbial Populations in Dairy Products

The effect of low temperature (-78°C) gamma irradiation was investigated on microbial populations in selected dairy products to determine the irradiation dosage needed to produce commercially sterile dairy products for immunosuppressed patients. 40 kGy irradiation was sufficient to sterilize ice cream and frozen yogurt, but not mozzarella or Cheddar cheeses. Up to 8 wk continued incubation of the 40 kGy irradiated products at 7°C or 35°C resulted in no resuscitative growth in ice cream or yogurt, but identifiable growth in the cheeses. The 12D for B. cereus preinoculated into cheese and ice cream was 43-50 kGy.
SCIENCE AND AUTHORITY IN GIACOMO ZABARELLA

In this paper, my objective is to contribute to the project of re-appraisal of Zabarella, interrupted by Schmitt’s premature death. More specifi cally, I will argue that, in his practice of natural science, Zabarella achieved a lucid separation between allegiance to reason and allegiance to Aristotle’s authority, within the constraints of the Aristotelian framework. Zabarella, in other words, fully realized that he could freely practise natural science [scientia naturalis] according to Aristotle’s mind [ad mentem Aristotelis], suspending the question of whether Aristotle’s pronouncements could be reconciled with the truth of the matter. In the remainder of this section, I will introduce Zabarella’s practice of scientia naturalis in relation to the constraint of allegiance to authority, and touch on some fundamental themes that will be developed in the course of the paper. In Section 2, I will survey Zabarella’s forms of allegiance to the authority of Aristotle in De rebus naturalibus. In Section 3, I will analyse Zabarella’s De rebus naturalibus with the help of examples that illustrate the separation between allegiance to reason and allegiance to Aristotle’s authority. In Section 4, I will draw some historiographic conclusions. What was Zabarella’s practice of scientia naturalis? By scientia naturalis, I mean natural science as it was intended by Zabarella himself. It is crucial that we read Zabarella’s defi nition of the subject of scientia naturalis in its own original language. … in hac tempestate videntur omnes in hac sententia convenisse, quod corpus universe sumptum, quod et coelestia et inferiora omnia complectatur, quatenus
Combining Augmented Cognition and Gamification

The strategic goal of augmented cognition is to increase task performance capacity by using physiological sensor feedback to adjust or modify the activity for the user. Gamification has been shown to increase performance by using certain combinations of game elements. Both augmented cognition and gamification address increased task performance capacity. Gamification adds to augmented cognition by directly addressing the motivation of the user to remain engaged in the activity. This has also been referred to as flow, or the optimal experience. This paper describes an example of a gamified activity in which the physiological sensors of augmented cognition are used to foster the optimal experience desired in gamification. Also, discussed is how the strategic goals of augmented cognition and gamification overlap through the use of a gamified example that describes how the components of augmented cognition and elements of gamification can be used together to better achieve the goal of increased task performance capacity.
Abstract WMP7: Clinical, Angiographic, and Radiographic Outcomes Differences Amongst Mechanical Thrombectomy Devices: Initial Experience of a Large-Volume Center

Background and Purpose: Early reperfusion is the keystone in (AIS) therapy. Here, we compare the angiographic, radiographic, and clinical outcomes amongst the three device categories currently available. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective collected database of large vessel AIS in a large academic center. Data from all consecutive patients who underwent clot retrieval using Merci, Penumbra, or Stent-Retrievers (Solitaire, n=31 or Trevo, n=20) from September 2010 to July 2012 were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were compared across the 3 groups. The outcome measures included the rates of recanalization (TICI 2b-3), symptomatic intracebral hemorrhage (sICH, defined as any parenchymal hematoma e.g. PH-1/PH-2), final infarct volume, 90-day mortality, and independent functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0-2) at 90 days. Results: The entire cohort included 242 patients with a mean age of 65.5 and median baseline NIHSS 20. The median ASPECTS score was 8. There were no significant differences in terms of baseline characteristics amongst the 3 device groups. No differences in the rate of sICH (5.9% vs. 6.02% vs. 7.41%, for Stent retrieval, Penumbra and Merci respectively, P= 0.91), mean procedure time (90.6, 76.23 and 75.3 min for Stent retrieval, Penumbra and Merci respectively, P= 0.05), and the volume of infarction (70.4, 58.02, and 65.61 cc for Stent retrieval, Penumbra and Merci respectively, P = 0.47) between the Stent-Retriever, Penumbra, and Merci groups, respectively. However, the rates of reperfusion (88.2 % vs. 77.1% vs. 69.1 %, p= 0.041) and 90-day functional independence (54.9 % vs. 43.4 % vs. 24.7%, p=0.0015) were significantly higher with Stent-Retrievers as compared to Penumbra or Merci treatments. There was no significant difference in the rate of 90-day mortality amongst the different devices (33.33%, 26.51% and 40.74% for Stent-Retriever, Penumbra, and Merci groups, respectively, P= 0.1549). Conclusion: Our initial data suggest a potential superiority of the Stent-Retriever technology to both Penumbra and Merci devices. Differences between Stent-Retrievers and Penumbra were much smaller in our experience and additional comparison in a randomized prospective fashion is warranted.
Leaving legacies: African American men discuss the impact of their fathers on the development of their own paternal attitudes and behavior

ABSTRACTIn recent years there has been an increase in research examining issues related to fathers. Despite these contributions to the literature, studies including primarily African American samples disproportionately feature fathers who are non-resident, low income, or incarcerated. Thus, little is known about African American men from across the social and economic spectrum. To fill this gap, this qualitative analysis features a diverse sample of African American men discussing their relationships with their fathers and influence of those relationships on their own fathering attitudes and behaviors. Findings revealed that most of the participants modeled their fathers’ behavior. The findings also revealed that participants described their parenting as attempts to leave their children and communities with a legacy of engaged fathering.
Heterogeneous scalable framework for multiphase flows.

Two categories of challenges confront the developer of computational spray models: those related to the computation and those related to the physics. Regarding the computation, the trend towards heterogeneous, multi- and many-core platforms will require considerable re-engineering of codes written for the current supercomputing platforms. Regarding the physics, accurate methods for transferring mass, momentum and energy from the dispersed phase onto the carrier fluid grid have so far eluded modelers. Significant challenges also lie at the intersection between these two categories. To be competitive, any physics model must be expressible in a parallel algorithm that performs well on evolving computer platforms. This work created an application based on a software architecture where the physics and software concerns are separated in a way that adds flexibility to both. The develop spray-tracking package includes an application programming interface (API) that abstracts away the platform-dependent parallelization concerns, enabling the scientific programmer to write serial code that the API resolves into parallel processes and threads of execution. The project also developed the infrastructure required to provide similar API's to other application. The API allow object-oriented Fortran applications direct interaction with Trilinos to support memory management of distributed objects in central processing units (CPU) and graphic processing units (GPU) nodes for applications using C++.
Effect of Monoglyceride Structure and Cholesterol Content on Water Permeability of the Droplet Bilayer

The process of water permeation across lipid membranes has significant implications for cellular physiology and homeostasis, and its study may lead to a greater understanding of the relationship between the structure of lipid bilayer and the role that lipid structure plays in water permeation. In this study, we formed a droplet interface bilayer (DIB) by contacting two aqueous droplets together in an immiscible solvent (squalane) containing bilayer-forming surfactant (monoglycerides). Using the DIB model, we present our results on osmotic water permeabilities and activation energy for water permeation of an associated series of unsaturated monoglycerides as the principal component of droplet bilayers, each having the same chain length but differing in the position and number of double bonds, in the absence and presence of a varying concentration of cholesterol. Our findings suggest that the tailgroup structure in a series of monoglyceride bilayers is seen to affect the permeability and activation energy for the water permeation process. Moreover, we have also established the insertion of cholesterol into the droplet bilayer, and have detected its presence via its effect on water permeability. The effect of cholesterol differs depending on the type of monoglyceride. We demonstrate that the DIB can be employed as a convenient model membrane to rapidly explore subtle structural effects on bilayer water permeability.
Flow Noise from Small Gaps in Turbulent Boundary Layers

The aeroacoustics of low-Mach-number boundary-layer flow over small gaps is studied using large-eddy simulation and Lighthill’s theory. Gap leading edge height (h1) is 13.3% of the thickness of unperturbed turbulent boundary layer at Re� = 4755. The effect of gap trailing edge height (h2) and width (W) on wall pressure fluctuations and radiated sound is investigated by considering different trailing edge heights (h2/h1 = 1/2, 1 and 2) and gap widths (W/h1 = 1, 2, 4 and 8). For the smallest gap width, the flow barely recognizes the existence of gap and, depending on the trailing edge height, is similar to that over a single backward, forward step or flat plate. As the gap width increases, the streamwise variation of root-mean-square pressure fluctuations exhibits characteristics of both backward and forward steps. The increase in trailing edge height results in larger pressure fluctuations, some of which are caused by the reattaching shear layer on top of the trailing edge. The peak pressure fluctuations occur near the trailing edge tip, or reattachment location if there is separation. The Green’s function valid for an acoustically compact gap configuration is computed numerically using Schwarz-Christoffel transformation and is used to evaluate the volume integral in the solution to Lighthill’s equation. The flow characteristics near the corner of gap leading edge and trailing edge, together with the Green’s function, determine the sound pressure spectrum. Gaps with larger width and/or larger trailing edge height generates sound spectrum similar to that of an equivalent single forward step. For gaps with the same leading and trailing edge heights, the sound spectrum displays a broad peak which becomes more pronounced as the width decreases. This is due to symmetric Green’s function which leads to acoustic cancellations at low frequencies.
Interfacial Water Transport Measurements in Nafion Thin Films Using a Quartz-Crystal Microbalance

Understanding the transport of water in a polymer electrolyte membrane, for example, Nafion, is important for optimizing and predicting fuel cell performance. It had been shown that the interfacial resistance could be responsible for a significant portion of the net water transport. In this study, water vapor sorption experiments were done on thin ionomer films (0.03–3 μm thick) by supporting them on a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The high mass resolution of the QCM enables determination of the membrane water content (λ) of the thin films. A slight depression of the water content was observed in very thin films. Meanwhile, study on thin ionomer films minimizes the contribution of internal water diffusion in the film and allows for simplification of the analyses. Interfacial mass-transfer and mechanical relaxation coefficients were determined as a function of water content and temperature. Empirical equations for the mass-transfer coefficient governing absorption and desorption, each as a function of...
Airborne test flight of HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer and data analysis

This paper introduces the background, aim, experimental design, configuration and data processing for an airborne test flight of the HY-2 Microwave scatterometer (HSCAT). The aim was to evaluate HSCAT performance and a developed data processing algorithm for the HSCAT before launch. There were three test flights of the scatterometer, on January 15, 18 and 22, 2010, over the South China Sea near Lingshui, Hainan. The test flights successfully generated simultaneous airborne scatterometer normalized radar cross section (NRCS), ASCAT wind, and ship-borne-measured wind datasets, which were used to analyze HSCAT performance. Azimuthal dependence of the NRCS relative to the wind direction was nearly cos(2w), with NRCS minima at crosswind directions, and maxima near upwind and downwind. The NRCS also showed a small difference between upwind and downwind directions, with upwind crosssections generally larger than those downwind. The dependence of airborne scatterometer NRCS on wind direction and speed showed favorable consistency with the NASA scatterometer geophysical model function (NSCAT GMF), indicating satisfactory HSCAT performance.
Patient package inserts and the pharmacist's responsibility

Patient package insert regulations by the Food and Drug Administration are discussed, emphasizing the pharmacist's responsibility. The possible criminal and civil liability problems the pharmacist may face under the regulations are considered. Legal implications of alternatives to using PPIs provided by the manufacturer are presented. The prudent pharmacist will examine the alternatives, weighing the administrative, clinical and legal implications of the various approaches.
Determine Protein in Food With Semi-Automatic Azotometer

Objective To institute the way that can determine protein in food with semi-automatic azotometer.Method The protein in food was digested,distilled and determined with KDY-04(A) azotometer. Results Compared with classical Kjeldahl apparatus,the results were the same on the whole.There were no significant differences between them(t=0.361,P0.05).Conclusion This way has many advantages:the fast speed of analysis,the accurate result and it's easy to operate. In addition,air pollution can be cleared-up. It can be used for determining protein in batches of samples.
Engineering Choose and Calculation Parameters for Installation of Shunt Capacitor

This paper introduces engineering methods of choosing and calculating parameters for the installation of shunt capacitors.On the precondition of mastering the relevant information about the substation and harmonic,the magnified level of the harmonic will be decided firstly after the installation of the capacitors,then the minimum reactance ratio which could comply with the harmonic magnified limit will be chosen preliminary.After that,the overload of the network harmonic voltage and capacitor will be calculated according to the system parameters.If the two results could comply with the requirement,the preliminary reactance ratio is proven to be suitable.Otherwise,the hamonic voltage and overload will be re-calculated at a larger reactance ratio until the requirement is satisfied.The calculation method is described in detail through the two real cases.
Utility of the General Ability Index (GAI) and Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) with survivors of pediatric brain tumors: Comparison to Full Scale IQ and premorbid IQ estimates.

ABSTRACTIntroduction. Pediatric brain tumor survivors are at risk for working memory and processing speed impairment. The General Ability Index (GAI) provides an estimate of intellectual functioning that is less influenced by working memory and processing speed than a Full Scale IQ (FSIQ). The Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) provides a measure of efficient information processing derived from working memory and processing speed tasks. We examined the utility of the GAI and CPI to quantify neurocognitive outcomes in a sample of pediatric brain tumor survivors. Method. GAI, CPI, and FSIQ scores from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC–IV) were examined for 57 pediatric brain tumor survivors (ages 6–16 years) treated with cranial radiation therapy (RT). Results. GAI scores were higher than FSIQ and CPI scores, both p < .001. Lower CPI scores were associated with history of craniospinal irradiation and time since RT. Lower FSIQ and GAI scores were associated with higher RT dose ...
ON LOCATION ANALYSIS FOR URBAN AND REGIONAL GROWTH SITUATIONS

A NEW APPROACH TO THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGING SPATIAL PATTERNS AND PROCESSES OVER TIME IS PRESENTED. THIS APPROACH STEMS FROM THE LAWS OF MOTION AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LAGRANGIAN AND HAMILTONIAN CONCEPTS OF MATHEMATICS, WITH IDEAS FROM MODERN PHYSICS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT SOME FEEDBACK EFFECTS. A LOGICAL CONSISTENT MODEL IS BUILT UP CENTERING AROUND THE LOCATION OF MAJOR FACILITIES, NEW INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS, NEW SHOPPING CENTERS, NEW TOWNS, AND NEW PARKS AND OPEN SPACES. /AUTHOR/
The National Children's Study: An introduction and historical overview

The National Children's Study (NCS) was an ambitious attempt to map children's health and development in a large representative group of children in the United States. In this introduction, we briefly review the background of the NCS and the history of the multiple strategies that were tested to recruit women and children. Subsequent articles then detail the protocols and outcomes of 4 of the recruitment strategies. It is hoped that lessons learned from these attempts to define a study protocol that could achieve the initial aims of the NCS will inform future efforts to conceptualize and execute strategies to provide generalizable insights on the longitudinal health of our nation's children.
Hereditary Myokymia and Paroxysmal Ataxia

A family with autosomal dominant hereditary myokymia and paroxysmal ataxia, linked to chromosome 12p, is described from University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
Towards low cost photoacoustic Microscopy system for evaluation of skin health

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) involves both optical and ultrasound imaging, owing to this combination the system is capable of generating high resolution images with good penetration depth. With the growing applications of PAI in neurology, vascular biology, dermatology, ophthalmology, tissue engineering, angiogenesis etc., there is a need to make the system more compact, cheap and effective. Therefore we designed an economical and compact version of PAI systems by replacing expensive and sophisticated lasers with a robust pulsed laser diode of 905 nm wavelength. In this study, we determine the feasibility of the Photoacoustic imaging with a very low excitation energy of 0.1uJ in Photoacoustic microscopy. We developed a low cost portable Photoacoustic Imaging including microscopy (both reflection) Phantom study was performed in this configuration and also ex-vivo image was obtained from mouse skin.
Enabling multimedia applications for factory automation

Emerging multimedia communication and processing technologies enable many factory applications. However, these technologies are advancing at a prodigious pace. Therefore, the design, management, and upgrade of these networks within this fast-paced environment represent a formidable challenge. The various enabling technologies and the standards that control their use are the subject of this paper. Special emphasis is given to the use of these technologies to support developments on the factory floor. The strategy of using video, audio and data communications, as well as the inherent processing involved, are presented. The role that local area networks and the Internet will play in the development of future factory applications is also discussed.
Using Skype to facilitate team-based qualitative research, including the process of data analysis

AbstractThe usefulness of the online Skype system for qualitative data collection has been well documented, but its application in qualitative data analysis has been largely ignored. This article provides insight into the use of Skype in the context of interdisciplinary team research, with a focus on the analytical phase of a qualitative investigation. Team members used Skype throughout the implementation of a qualitative study that was informed by the Consensual Qualitative Research process. Research team members found that regardless of proximity to one another, Skype enabled an effective collaborative qualitative data analysis process. The system facilitated team members’ communication and analytical consensus building due to its unique system features that enabled all team members to view data in real time during all phases of the data analysis process, including coding, categorization, and identification of domains. Use of the Skype system increased the efficiency and effectiveness of a team-based qu...
Host responses to concurrent combined injuries in non-human primates

Multi-organ failure (MOF) following trauma remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality related to a poorly understood abnormal inflammatory response. We characterized the inflammatory response in a non-human primate soft tissue injury and closed abdomen hemorrhage and sepsis model developed to assess realistic injury patterns and induce MOF. Adult male Mauritan Cynomolgus Macaques underwent laparoscopy to create a cecal perforation and non-anatomic liver resection along with a full-thickness flank soft tissue injury. Treatment consisted of a pre-hospital phase followed by a hospital phase after 120 minutes. Blood counts, chemistries, and cytokines/chemokines were measured throughout the study. Lung tissue inflammation/apoptosis was confirmed by mRNA quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), HE percent blood loss was 69.0 ± 12.1. Clinical evidence of end-organ damage was reflected by a significant elevation in creatinine (1.1 ± 0.03 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4, p=0.026). Significant increases in systemic levels of IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-6, G-CSF, and MCP-1 occurred (11-2986-fold) by 240 minutes. Excessive pulmonary inflammation was evidenced by alveolar edema, congestion, and wall thickening (H&E staining). Concordantly, amplified accumulation of MPO leukocytes and significant pulmonary inflammation and pneumocyte apoptosis (TUNEL) was confirmed using qRT-PCR. We created a clinically relevant large animal multi-trauma model using laparoscopy that resulted in a significant systemic inflammatory response and MOF. With this model, we anticipate studying systemic inflammation and testing innovative therapeutic options.
Relationships of Musculoskeletal Symptoms, Sociodemographics, and Body Mass Index With Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among Nurses:

Nurses have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms from patient handling tasks such as lifting, transferring, and repositioning. Comorbidities such as musculoskeletal symptoms may negatively affect engagement in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). However, limited data are available on the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and LTPA among nurses. The purpose of this study was to describe musculoskeletal symptoms and LTPA, and to examine the relationships of musculoskeletal symptoms, sociodemographics, and body mass index with LTPA among nurses. Cross-sectional data on sociodemographics, employment characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms, body mass index, and LTPA were collected from a statewide random sample of 454 California nurses from January to July 2013. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed. We observed that non-White nurses were less likely to engage in regular aerobic physical activity than White nurses (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.40, 0.94]). Currently working nurses were less likely to engage in regular aerobic physical activity than their counterparts (OR = 0.48; 95% CI = [0.25, 0.91]). Nurses with higher body mass index were less likely to perform regular aerobic physical activity (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = [0.89, 0.97]) or muscle-strengthening physical activity (OR = 0.92; 95% CI = [0.88, 0.96]). This study found no evidence that musculoskeletal symptoms may interfere with regular engagement in LTPA. Physical activity promotion interventions should address employment-related barriers, and particularly target racial minority nurses and those who have a high body mass index.
Spanish Language Concordance in U.S. Medical Care: A Multifaceted Challenge and Call to Action

Patient-physician language discordance within the growing Spanish-speaking patient population in the United States presents a significant challenge for health systems. The Civil Rights Act, an Executive Order, and federal standards establish legal requirements regarding patients' legal right to access medical care in their language of origin and to culturally and linguistically appropriate services, and national competency standards for undergraduate and graduate medical education and licensing examinations support the importance of patient-physician communication. However, no requirements or guidelines currently exist for medical Spanish educational resources, and there is no standardized process to assess the competency of medical students and physicians who use Spanish in patient care. Relatedly, existing data regarding current medical Spanish educational resources are limited, and Spanish proficiency evaluations are often based on self-assessments. Future efforts should use a multifaceted approach to address this complex challenge. A standardized process for Spanish-language-concordant medical care education and quality assurance should incorporate the validation of medical Spanish educational resources, competency requirements for medical usage of Spanish, an incentivized certification process for physicians who achieve medical Spanish competency, and health system updates that include routine collection of language concordance data and designation of Hispanic-serving health centers.
A CLOCK Polymorphism Associated with Human Diurnal Preference

A single nucleotide polymorphism located in the 3' flanking region of the human CLOCK gene was investigated as a predictor of diurnal preference in a population-based random sample of 410 normal adults. Morningness-eveningness preferences were determined using the 19-item Horne-Ostberg questionnaire. Subjects carrying one of the two CLOCK alleles, 3111C, had a significantly lower mean Horne-Ostberg score. The distribution of scores was clearly shifted toward eveningness for these subjects. The score difference was independent of age, sex and ethnic heritage, thus making population stratification effects unlikely to explain this difference. These subjects had a substantial 10- to 44-minute delay in preferred timing for activity or sleep episodes. We suggest that the identified polymorphism or another tightly linked polymorphism within the CLOCK gene or its regulatory elements may be responsible for the finding.
Changes in plasma hormone concentrations associated with the onset of puberty in the gilt.

Hormonal changes during the follicular phase of gilts exhibiting their first estrus were examined in response to either relocation and boar exposure or treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). In the first experiment, blood was collected from nine gilts from 6 d before to 6 d after the onset of first estrus. Mean estradiol-17 beta (E2 beta) concentrations increased from d -6 to a peak on d -2 of 20 pg/ml (d 0 = of estrus) and then declined gradually over the next 6 d until basal levels (2.4 pg/ml) were reached. Mean concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) fluctuated between .5 to 1 ng/ml before d 1.5 and after d 1.5, with the ovulatory surge occurring on either d -1 or d 0 and averaging 6.2 ng/ml. Progesterone (P) concentrations were less than .3 ng/ml until formation of corpora lutea, while concentrations of glucocorticoids (CORT) ranged from 7.4 to 24.5 ng/ml. In Exp. 2, blood was collected every 6 h from d -2 to d 14 from eight gilts that were exposed to boars on d 0. Four of the gilts exhibited estrus and had a hormonal profile similar to that of gilts in Exp. 1. Concentrations of E2 beta were elevated in two gilts after exposure to a boar, but concentrations of LH were not altered. The remaining two gilts had basal concentrations of E2 beta and LH throughout the blood sampling period. In Exp. 3, blood was sampled from five gilts twice daily for 8 d following the administration of 1,000 IU PMSG. Estrus was exhibited by all gilts on the fifth day after PMSG. Circulating concentrations of total estrogens peaked on -1 while concentrations of LH peaked on d 0. Concentrations of P were low until after estrus and CORT levels displayed a diurnal pattern throughout. The results indicate that the hormonal profiles during the pubertal follicular phase of gilts induced by relocation and boar exposure or PMSG are similar. Furthermore, no changes were observed in P concentrations immediately before or during the pubertal follicular phase, suggesting that progesterone priming may not be prerequisite to puberty in gilts.
The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction & the International Criminal Court

This article visits the concept of “universal jurisdiction” in the field of international criminal law. Also known as “universality principle” and “principle of universal justice,” universal jurisdiction is a controversial jurisdictional principle with strong proponents and opponents. The author starts with a brief account of how international law transitioned from exclusively recognizing states as the only subjects thereof to recognizing individual criminal responsibility, at least for the most heinous international crimes. He also covers the historical events that gave rise and momentum to the theory of universal jurisdiction in the 20th century. Following a brief reference to other main jurisdictional bases of criminal responsibility, the article continues with an analysis of the main tenets of the universality principle and an assessment of its strengths, weaknesses and of the role it may play (alone or in combination with other jurisdictional bases) in the fight against international crime. The article’s last part includes a review of the role and functions of the International Criminal Court, the crimes over which it has jurisdiction and the interrelationship between the Court and the principle of universal jurisdiction. The Court does not consider itself as exercising universal jurisdiction but the author finally argues that, in essence, the Court does and may exercise at least quasi-universal jurisdiction, given the UN Security Council’s role in referring cases to the Court’s prosecutor.
COBALT SUBSTITUTED ZINC METALLOENZYMES

It has taken a long time, indeed, for biochemical research on metals to become respectable. Substantial experimental difficulties have beset the field for a long time and overenthusiastic claims, at times based on uncertain facts, were not altogether reassuring to the rank and file of interested biochemists.
LeadLag LDA: Estimating Topic Specific Leads and Lags of Information Outlets

Identifying which outlet in social media leads the rest in disseminating novel information on specific topics is an interesting challenge for information analysts and social scientists. In this work, we hypothesize that novel ideas are disseminated through the creation and propagation of new or newly emphasized key words, and therefore lead/lag of outlets can be estimated by tracking word usage across these outlets. First, we demonstrate the validaty of our hypothesis by showing that a simple TF-IDF based nearest-neighbors approach can recover generally accepted lead/lag behavior on the outlets pair of ACM journal articles and conference papers. Next, we build a new topic model called LeadLag LDA that estimates the lead/lag of the outlets on specific topics. We validate the topic model using the lead/lag results from the TF-IDF nearest neighbors approach. Finally, we present results from our model on two different outlet pairs of blogs vs. news media and grant proposals vs. research publications that reveal interesting patterns.
Remembrance - Ben Arbaugh

On June 16 th , 2018 family, friends, and the world of online learning scholarship lost Dr. John Benard Arbaugh, known to everyone as “Ben”. Ben was a pioneer in online learning with more than 80 publications including 17 best article or best paper awards. Ben was also a member of the OLJ Editorial Board. Many of us knew Ben for his scholarship on the Community of Inquiry model and for his work as an evaluator on national projects such as the Predictive Analytics Framework (PAR). Ben’s passing is felt by the many colleagues and coauthors with whom he worked around the world. He was a true mentor, teacher, scholar and friend. We will miss him.
Potential cost savings by dose rounding monoclonal antibodies (mAB) in a community cancer center.

6616Background: Increasing new cancer cases and approval of expensive drugs extending survival has led to unsustainable cancer care costs. Potential cost savings by a dose rounding practice for mAB...
Actionable Adherence Monitoring: Technological Methods to Monitor and Support Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy

Current digital technologies are being used for “actionable adherence monitoring”; that is, technologies that can be used to identify episodes of non-adherence to ART in a timely manner such that tailored interventions based on adherence data can be provided when and where they are needed most. Current digital communication technologies used to monitor ART adherence include electronic adherence monitors (EAMs), digital ingestion monitors, cellular phones, and electronic pharmacy refill tracking systems. Currently available real-time adherence monitoring approaches based on cellular technology allow for the delivery of interventions precisely when and where they are needed. Such technology can potentially enable significant efficiency of care delivery and impact on adherence and associated clinical outcomes. Standard digital advances, such as automated reminders in EAM and electronic pharmacy records, may also achieve improvements with relatively lower cost and easier implementation. Future research is needed to improve the functionality of these approaches, with attention paid to system-level issues through implementation science, as well as acceptability and ethical considerations at the individual level.
Design and Analysis of Aligned Axis Interior Permanent Magnet Machines Considering Saturation

This paper presents interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine designs with non-conventional alignment of the magnet and reluctance axes. Typical IPM designs align the magnet axis 90 degrees from the reluctance axis, relying on less than optimal components of reluctance and magnet torque. As the magnet is aligned away from traditional designs, up to 45 degrees, the maximum reluctance and magnet torque become coincident, maximizing machine torque capability. Difficulties exist in alignment due to both the geometry and the material nonlinearity.
Law and Technology in a Neo-Liberal Age

The conclusion of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) in 1994 established a minimum baseline for regulating access to technology and knowledge goods. This global regime of intellectual property rights has since been a contentious aspect of modern economic relations. It has been viewed by consumers around the world as a significant barrier to access to technology and associated knowledge goods, including stymieing opportunities for social and political engagement by citizens. Public disenchantment with intellectual property as a primary regulator of access to technology could be addressed by the explicit linkage of proprietary rights to a new welfare axis comprised of development aspirations, human rights norms, and liberty considerations. To the extent social norms that develop around new technologies facilitate positive returns recognized by these complementary legal regimes, intellectual property rights that are in tension with these regimes will likely continue to lose moral sway, making the future of the TRIPS Agreement far less stable and its minimum obligations more costly to enforce. Moreover, gaps in how formal law and social norms regulate technology are not easily captured by the rigid prescriptions of treaty provisions, and thus the TRIPS Agreement is far less capable of serving the important role of shaping contemporary approaches to access to technology. As technology continues to reach deep into the private lives of citizens, and to affect the capacity and trajectory of national development in less-advanced economies, the design and construction of formal laws around which technology is produced, disseminated, and used will have greater import if they purposefully accommodate other legal orders whose norms resonate powerfully in advancing stylized visions of societal progress and human well-being.
Impact of Duration of N-Acetylcysteine in Non-Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure.

Objectives Studies of the use of IV N-acetylcysteine in the management of non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure have evaluated various dosing regimens. The only randomized trial studying this application described a 72-hour regimen. However, observational studies have reported extended duration until normalization of international normalized ratio. This study seeks to compare differences in patient outcomes based on IV N-acetylcysteine duration. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Medical ICU at a large quaternary care academic medical institution and liver transplant center. Patients Adult patients admitted to the medical ICU who received IV N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Interventions Patients were divided into cohorts based on duration; standard duration of IV N-acetylcysteine was considered 72 hours, whereas extended duration was defined as continuation beyond 72 hours. Measurements and main results The primary outcome was time to normalization of international normalized ratio to less than 1.3 or less than 1.5; secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and transplant-free survival at 3 weeks. In total, 53 patients were included: 40 in the standard duration cohort and 13 in the extended duration. There were no major differences in baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in time to international normalized ratio normalization between cohorts. Transplant-free survival was higher with extended duration (76.9% extended vs 41.4% standard; p = 0.03). All-cause mortality at 3 weeks was numerically lower in the extended duration group (0% extended vs 24.1% standard; p = 0.08). Conclusions Patients with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure who received extended duration N-acetylcysteine were found to have significantly higher transplant-free survival than patients who received standard duration, although there was no significant difference in time to normalization of international normalized ratio or overall survival. Prospective, randomized, multicenter study is warranted to identify subpopulations of patients with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure who could benefit from extended treatment duration as a bridge to transplant or spontaneous recovery.
Current Evidence and Directions for Intermittent Fasting During Cancer Chemotherapy.

Almost 40% of the adult population in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. Diet is a modifiable factor which is known to affect cancer risk and recurrence. Yet, little is known about how diet influences cancer treatment outcomes. Intermittent fasting, characterized by periods of abstaining from foods and beverages alternated with periods of ad libitum intake, when adopted in the context of chemotherapy, has shown promise in pre-clinical models resulting in decreased vomiting, diarrhea, visible discomfort, and improved insulin sensitivity and efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment. Although intermittent fasting during receipt of chemotherapy has been well-established in pre-clinical models, limited numbers of human studies are now reporting. This review aims to survey the current data examining the effect of intermittent fasting on chemotherapy efficacy, patient treatment outcomes, patient centered outcomes and circulating biomarkers associated with cancer. Available data show that periodic fasting, a form of intermittent fasting, may hold potential to improve effectiveness of chemotherapy, decrease treatment related side effects and cancer promoting factors such as insulin, while ameliorating treatment related decreases in quality of life and daily functioning. Larger controlled periodic fasting trials, including exploration of alternate forms of intermittent fasting, are needed to better elucidate the effect of intermittent fasting on treatment and patient outcomes during chemotherapy.
Tuesday, 10:12 a.m., August 31, 2010—Chicago, IL

Delta slept late on Tuesday morning. She had no classes and no meetings scheduled. Last week, Delta had practically fallen into a coma due to exhaustion, but that Tuesday night’s sleep had been filled with confusing dreams and had been abruptly disrupted when Mona had arrived to pick her up for Wednesday morning’s classes.
A Model of the Occupational Therapist as Case Manager: Two Case Studies of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients Living in the Community

Deinstitutionalization as a social change phenomenon has had a profound affect on both hospital andcommunity psychia- try and on the almost 2 million chronically ill, their families, and the communities in which they now live. Two individuals, Gail and James, were subjects for a study which asked three research ques- tions. First, how have these individuals with a chronic mental illness functioned as deinstitutionalized persons; second, did participation in a fifteen-week occupational therapy program affect performance of skills in work, play, and self care; and, finally, what is a model for the occupational therapis1 as case manager with the chronically mentally ill? Descriptive case study methodology revealed previous rehabilitation efforts over ten years were fragmented and time lim- ited and demonstrated that the subjects made periodic gains in self- care skills; but that these were not maintained in the absence of treatment. Pre- and post-testing of the subjects during the fifteen week occupational t...
Electro-optical-mechanical termination technology for low-cost field repairs of cabled systems

The international telecommunications system, evolving ocean observation systems, naval undersea training ranges, and numerous other subsea systems depend on the reliable connection of components to cables. Most global-scale submarine cable systems retain standby repair services through maintenance agreements with a handful of cable ship fleets. Owners and operators of smaller-scale cable systems may not require and often cannot afford this approach to repairing system faults and restoring operations. To fill this need, an SAIC product, QuickTerm, is in the final stages of development. SAIC QuickTerm is a universal cable termination capable of rapid infield assembly, testing, and installation. This termination technology serves as a termination for the fiber optics and single conductor with a flanged interface into the pressure vessel. Atsea assembly and in-the-field validation testing of each unit are complete within a 12-hour window off any vessel of opportunity. Such innovative technology is ideal for both new system applications and lower cost repair or replacement in legacy systems.
Amand Schindler (1742-82): An Advocate of Free Trade in the Bohemian Enlightenment

The teacher and school reformer Amand Schindler belonged to the physiocratic writers on economics who in the late eighteenth century argued in favor of free trade and against the prevailing mercantilist policies. In particular, he claimed that the ban on exporting corn from Bohemia led to a distortion of prices and to a welfare loss for domestic agriculture. Independently of Adam Smith he arrived at similar arguments but also held that liberalization would improve public morality and thus enhance general welfare. Though now completely forgotten, Schindler’s one book is an interesting example for the use of physiocratic arguments intended to make Joseph II abandon traditional cameralist policies.
Dataspaces: a new abstraction for information management

Most data management scenarios today rarely have a situation in which all the data that needs to be managed can fit nicely into a conventional relational DBMS, or into any other single data model or system. Instead, we see a set of loosely connected data sources, typically with the following recurring challenges: – Users want be able to search the entire collection without having knowledge of individual sources, their schemas or interfaces. In some cases, they merely want to know where the information exists as a starting point to further exploration. – An organization may want to enforce certain rules, integrity constraints, or conventions (e.g., on naming entities) across the entire collection, or track flow and lineage between systems. Furthermore, the organization needs to create a coherent external view of the data. – The administrators may want to impose a single “support system” in terms of recovery, availability, and redundancy, as well as uniform security and access controls. – Users and administrators need to manage the evolution of the data, both in terms of content and schemas, in particular as new data sources get added (e.g., as a result of mergers or new partnerships).
The secretases of Alzheimer's disease.

Publisher Summary Only a few years ago, the proteases responsible for the processing of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) were completely unknown, hampering efforts to understand the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and develop effective therapeutic agents. β-Secretase has since been definitively identified as a membrane-tethered aspartyl protease and appears to be a safe drug target based on observation of knockout mice. The protease has been cocrystallized with inhibitors, an advance that allows rational drug design. The normal biological roles of BACE and its homolog BACE2 are unclear and need to be resolved to evaluate BACE as a therapeutic target. γ -Secretase remains incompletely understood, but strong evidence suggests that presenilin is the catalytic component of this membrane-embedded protease and that nicastrin is also an obligate member of the complex. One major function of γ -secretase is the proteolysis and signaling of the Notch receptor during differentiation and development. This function has also raised concerns about γ -secretase as a therapeutic target, although the role of Notch in the aging adult is not clear. The anchored metalloprotease-disintegrin proteins (ADAMs) 10 and 17 are apparently responsible for the alternative α-secretase processing of APP that precludes Aβ production, and these proteases are involved in the shedding of a number of other membrane proteins besides APP. Enhancing α-secretase activity via protein kinase C (PKC) stimulation is under consideration as a therapeutic strategy to lower Aβ. Work toward characterizing and identifying these Alzheimer secretases has led to important insights in biology.