cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcome of in vitro fertilization in women with low response to ovarian stimulation

The occurrence of low-response (LR) cycles (defined as peak estradiol levels less than 300 pg/ml) in an in vitro fertilization program using a 3 ampule/day human menopausal gonadotropin regimen were retrospectively reviewed. LR occurred in 51 of 564 patients (9%). The LR serum estradiol levels were categorized into four different patterns that were further analyzed for outcome in these initial cycles, as well as for their predictive value of response in subsequent in vitro fertilization cycles. Changing the stimulation protocol to a combination of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin did not improve the ovarian response in this group of LR patients, and their chance to complete a subsequent normal-response treatment cycle was 32%. Suggestions are made to predict outcome and govern management of women with previous LR cycles.
Passive coupled-switched-capacitor-resonator-based reconfigurable RF front-end filters and duplexers

High-Q resonators may be used to synthesize selective bandpass filters. Many commercial radio-frequency filters are based on coupled-resonators and realized in surface and bulk acoustic wave technologies due to the high quality factor and compact size of acoustic resonators. In this paper, it is shown that discrete-time equivalent of coupled-resonator bandpass filters may be realized using passive switched-capacitor circuits. The center frequency and the bandwidth are determined by the frequency of the switch driving signals and the capacitor values. The proposed passive filters can be linear, low noise, and compact. To further enhance the in-band linearity, an RF bootstrapping technique is proposed. Design and experimental verification of a forth-order RF BPF and a duplexer, realized in a 65nm CMOS technology, are reported.
Material Cultures of Domestic Interiors: Africa

The material cultures of domestic residential spaces are highly varied. As globalising processes unfold, domestic arenas are shaped by a variety of competing influences: traditional, informal, economic, and global. In urban Africa diverging trends are found. First, at the top of the housing market, a Western lifestyle and pattern of use of domestic space is common. Second, at the lower end of the housing market, domestic space is increasingly integrating income-generating activities. Examples abound where domestic space is affected by unusual combinations of internal and external processes. Thus, shack living has been noted as a fashion, whereby ‘shack chic’ has become a design style.
Impact of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Electricity Demand Profile

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles seem to be a viable solution to improve the fuel economy of personal transportation. At the same time, they will have a significant impact on the power grid. In order for the electric power infrastructure to be well-prepared for the challenges of vehicle to grid interactions, one needs to know the electricity demand profile of plug-in vehicles. There are various levels of uncertainty associated with this issue. For example, arrival time, daily miles driven, energy storage capacity, charging rate, and the total number of plug-in vehicles need to be accurately estimated. This chapter uses the National Household Travel Survey to extract such data. Once the method to extract the electricity demand profile of plug-in vehicles is set up, it is easier to study the impact of coordinated charging through charging policies and incentives. Another advantage of extracting the electricity demand profile of plug-in vehicle is that it can be easily used to determine the impact of such vehicles on the upstream pollutions of power plants.
Optical Vibrational and Structural Properties of Ge1−xSn x alloys by UHV-CVD

Abstract : UHV-CVD growth based on a deuterium stabilized Sn hydride and digermane produces Ge-Sn alloys with tunable bandgaps. The Ge(1-x)Sn(x) (x=2-20 at.%) alloys are deposited on Si (100) and exhibit superior crystallinity and thermal stability compared with MBE grown films. Composition, crystal and electronic structure, and optical and vibrational properties are characterized by RBS, low energy SIMS, high resolution electron microscopy TEM, x-ray diffraction, as well as Raman and IR spectroscopies. TEM studies reveal epitaxial films with lattice constants between those of Ge and Sn. X-ray diffraction shows well-defined (004) peaks and rocking curves indicate a tightly aligned spread of the crystal mosaics. Resonance Raman indicate a E1 bandgap reduction relative to Ge, consistent with a decrease of the E2 critical point observed in spectroscopic ellipsometry. IR transmission spectra indicate an increase in absorption with increasing Sn content consistent with a decrease of the direct bandgap.
How We Know What We Know about Pakistan: New York Times news production, 1954–71

This article explores public knowledge creation by examining how the New York Times produced Pakistan news between 1954 and 1971, the formative period of United States of America (USA)–Pakistan relations. These years encapsulate not only the heyday of cooperation between the two governments, but also the American public's first major introduction to the South Asian country by the increasingly intrepid news media. A leader in shaping that introduction was the New York Times. While most studies of the American media focus on measuring the effect of news exposure and content on public opinion, this article focuses on the theoretically underexplored aspect of news production: foreign news gathering. With a lens on South Asia, it shows that foreign news gathering involves the straddling of on-the-ground political and logistical constraints that generate an atmosphere of high uncertainty. By exploring the limitations on news gathering faced by America's leading newspaper's foreign correspondents in Pakistan in the 1950s and 1960s, this article identifies an important historical source of the ambiguity characterizing USA–Pakistan relations. The findings are based on recently released archival material that offers rare insight into the news-production process.
Prediction of noise transit time and noise correlation of SiGe HBTs

This paper presents the prediction of noise transit time and noise correlation of SiGe HBTs over the temperature and biasing from the HICUM compact model without any measured noise data. For SiGe HBTs, the noise correlation is critical for noise characterization as it effects the full noise properties of the transistor. To predict the noise correlation, it is necessary to determine the noise transit time. This paper discusses the extraction of the noise transit time based on the HICUM model. The extracted noise transit time is validated by the measured result, which is determined by fitting the NFmin of a sample SiGe HBT between Y-parameter noise calculation method and tuner-based noise measurement. It was found that the noise transit time is independent of frequency but dependent on temperature and biasing. Also, the results indicate that the extracted noise transit time based on HICUM model can predict the noise correlation over the temperature and biasing.
Challenge of Helping Introductory Physics Students Transfer Their Learning by Engaging with a Self-Paced Learning Tutorial

With advances in digital technology, research-validated self-paced learning tools can play an increasingly important role in helping students with diverse backgrounds become good problem solvers and independent learners. Thus, it is important to ensure that all students engage with self-paced learning tools effectively in order to learn the content deeply, develop good problem-solving skills, and transfer their learning from one context to another. Here we first provide an overview of a holistic framework for engaging students with self-paced learning tools so that they can transfer their learning to solve novel problems. The framework not only takes into account the features of the self-paced learning tools but also how those tools are implemented, the extent to which the tools take into account student characteristics, and whether factors related to students’ social environments are accounted for appropriately in the implementation of those tools. We then describe an investigation in which we interpret the findings using the framework. In this study, a research-validated self-paced physics tutorial was implemented in both controlled one-on-one interviews and in large enrollment, introductory calculus-based physics courses as a self-paced learning tool. We find that students who used the tutorial in a controlled one-on-one interview situation performed significantly better on transfer problems than those who used it as a self-paced learning tool in the large-scale implementation. The findings suggest that critically examining and taking into account how the self-paced tools are implemented and incentivized, student characteristics including their self-regulation and time-management skills, and social and environmental factors can greatly impact the extent and manner in which students engage with these learning tools. Motivating and getting buy-in from students of the value of these tools and providing appropriate support while implementing them is critical for ensuring that students, who otherwise may be constrained by motivational, social, and environmental factors, engage effectively with the tools in order to learn deeply and transfer their learning.
Comprehension of Degraded Speech Matures During Adolescence

Purpose The aim of the study was to compare comprehension of spectrally degraded (noise-vocoded [NV]) speech and perceptual learning of NV speech between adolescents and young adults and examine the role of phonological processing and executive functions in this perception. Method Sixteen younger adolescents (11–13 years), 16 older adolescents (14–16 years), and 16 young adults (18–22 years) listened to 40 NV sentences and repeated back what they heard. They also completed tests assessing phonological processing and a variety of executive functions. Results Word-report scores were generally poorer for younger adolescents than for the older age groups. Phonological processing also predicted initial word-report scores. Learning (i.e., improvement across training times) did not differ with age. Starting performance and processing speed predicted learning, with greater learning for those who started with the lowest scores and those with faster processing speed. Conclusions Degraded (NV) speech comprehension i...
Utilizing the Ethics of Project Management in the Healthcare Field

The creation of an ethical code is a common practice within many professions. This paper compares and contrasts the ethical code of project managers affiliated with the Project Management Institute...
Genome-Scale Analysis of Data from High-Throughput Technologies

Few technical advances have excited such a broad spectrum of basic and clinical scientists as high-throughput technologies (microarrays and sequencing). Having learned in training that somewhere in the genome lies the key to just about any phenotype, scientists are fast joining the movement to decrease cost and improve access to these technologies. Generating enormous amounts of high-dimensional data brings certain challenges, and many researchers are turning even further from their training to collaborate with computer scientists and biostatisticians, who are equally excited to analyze these promising datasets. As new and truly interdisciplinary teams are created, we are seeing major advances; the current environment is exciting for all involved. Technology has brought entire scientific fields to the brink of discovery before, and will again, and thus the overall enthusiasm must be tempered by the fact that new technology brings new problems and new artifacts that we have not seen before. We can circumvent some of these by paying careful attention to experimental design, staying mindful of the complexities of the underlying biology, and by soliciting assistance from analysts versed in high-dimensional data.
One-Dimensional Modeling of Transport of Coal Ash in a River-Reservoir System

The present study discusses one-dimensional modeling of the coal ash spill into the Dan River in February 2, 2014, using CCHE1D model. The simulations involved unsteady flow hydrodynamics, unsteady non-equilibrium transport of bed material and coal ash in multiple size classes. Discharges of coal ash transport and percentages of coal ash deposited in the mixing layer are presented. The paper presents the investigation of the sensitivity of model results to the rise time and fall time of the triangular hydrographs of pond water and coal ash discharges into the Dan River, the number of size classes used for modeling bed material and coal ash, the mixing layer thicknesses and the nonequilibrium adaptation length.
Customizing Your Antiemetic: What Should You Consider?

Antiemetic choice in the emergency care setting is a complex decision with a wide array of efficacious options. Nausea and vomiting are often undertreated, and there is little evidence that supports the use of one antiemetic over another. When selecting an agent, it is important for providers to be mindful of side effects and possible adverse reactions. Considering a patient’s medical history and medications, pregnancy status, and underlying etiology of vomiting can allow a provider to make an informed choice.
Deep-learning enabled label-free bio-aerosol sensing using mobile microscopy (Conference Presentation)

There is an increasing but unmet need for accurate, label-free and automated bio-aerosol sensing. To address this need, we developed a high-throughput, cost-effective and portable bio-aerosol sensor based on computational microscopy and deep-learning. Our device is composed of an impactor and a lens-less digital holographic on-chip microscope. It screens air at 13 liters per minute, and captures bio-aerosols on the impactor substrate. An image sensor then records the in-line holograms of these captured bio-aerosols in real time. Using these recorded in-line holograms, the captured bio-aerosols are analyzed within a minute, facilitated by two deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs): the first CNN simultaneously performs auto-focusing and phase-recovery to reconstruct both the amplitude and phase images of each bio-aerosol with sub-micron resolution; and the second CNN performs automatic classification of the reconstructed bio-aerosols into pre-trained classes and counting their densities in air. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated reconstruction and label-free sensing of five different types of bio-aerosols: Bermuda grass pollen, oak tree pollen, ragweed pollen, Aspergillus spore, and Alternaria spore. These bio-aerosols form some of the most common allergens in air. Using our mobile bio-aerosol sensor, we achieved ~94% precision and recall in differentiating these bio-aerosols without the use of any labeling. We also demonstrated successful sensing of oak tree pollens in the field using our mobile device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of automated label-free sensing of bio-aerosols using a portable device, which is enabled by computational microscopy and deep-learning. It has broad applications in label-free bio-aerosol sensing and air-quality monitoring.
(404) Concordance of Baseline Pain Measures Influences Treatment Effect: Post-Hoc Analysis of 3 Randomized Controlled Trials of Triamcinolone Acetonide Extended-Release in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful condition and intra-articular corticosteroids (IACS) are often used to manage OA pain. In Phase 2/3 clinical studies, triamcinolone acetonide extended-release (TA-ER) demonstrated sustained, clinically meaningful pain relief compared with saline-placebo using general Average Daily Pain (ADP)-intensity scores, and compared with saline-placebo and TA crystalline solution (TAcs) using disease-specific Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC-A) measures. As patients may report baseline pain differently using ADP and WOMAC-A measures, we evaluated whether discordant baseline pain reporting influenced measured outcomes. A post hoc analysis of pooled data from 3 Phase 2/3 studies (NCT01487161, NCT02116972, NCT02357459) was conducted to assess treatment effects for patients who reported moderate-to-severe pain at baseline on both pain measures (concordant pain reporters; ADP ≥5 to ≤9 & WOMAC-A ≥2) versus those that reported it only on ADP (discordant pain reporters; ADP ≥5 to ≤9 & WOMAC-A
Underdosing of Prophylactic Enoxaparin Is Common in Orthopaedic Trauma and Predicts 90-Day Venous Thromboembolism

Objectives:To determine the feasibility and impact of real-time anti-factor Xa (aFXa) level monitoring and enoxaparin dose adjustment in orthopaedic trauma. To examine the adequacy of standard fixed-dose enoxaparin chemoprophylaxis and to examine whether patient-specific factors influence enoxaparin
Current status of eye disorders caused by docetaxel administration every 3 weeks: A case-control study in Japanese patients.

PurposeDocetaxel is known to cause eye disorders. In this study, current status of eye disorders caused by docetaxel administration every 3 weeks in Japanese patients was examined.MethodsThis case-...
Polarizing Organizations and Image Repair: The Effects of Extreme Disposition and Ego-Involvement on ELM Processing Routes for Organizational Responses

This study examined elaboration likelihood model (ELM) processing routes used by audiences to evaluate image repair messages for two organizations that often provoke polarizing dispositions in audi...
Analysis of Adult Neural Retina Extracellular Vesicle Release, RNA Transport and Proteomic Cargo.

Purpose Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain RNA and protein cargo reflective of the genotype and phenotype of the releasing cell of origin. Adult neural retina EV release, RNA transfer, and proteomic cargo are the focus of this study. Methods Adult wild-type mouse retinae were cultured and released EV diameters and concentrations quantified using Nanosight. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to image EV ultrastructure and marker protein localization. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze retinal cell transcripts present in EVs. Super-resolution microscopy was used to image fluorescent (green) RNA and (red) lipid membrane labeled EVs, released by adult retina, and internalized by isolated retinal cells. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize the proteomes of adult retina and EVs. Results Adult neural retina released EVs at a rate of 1.42 +/- 0.08 × 108/mL over 5 days, with diameters ranging from 30 to 910 nm. The canonical EV markers CD63 and Tsg101 localized to retinal EVs. Adult retinal and neuronal mRNA species present in both retina and EVs included rhodopsin and the neuronal nuclei marker NeuN. Fluorescently labeled RNA in retinal cells was enclosed in EVs, transported to, and uptaken by co-cultured adult retinal cells. Proteomic analysis revealed 1696 protein species detected only in retinal cells, 957 species shared between retina and EVs, and 82 detected only in EVs. Conclusions The adult neural retina constitutively releases EVs with molecular cargo capable of intercellular transport and predicted involvement in biological processes including retinal physiology, mRNA processing, and transcription regulation within the retinal microenvironment.
Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Species on Heterodera glycines

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is a widely occurring pest and the leading cause of soybean yield losses in the U.S.A. There is a need to find additional SCN management strategies as sources of SCN resistance have become less effective in managing SCN populations. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with roots of most plants including soybean. Research has shown that AMF can reduce disease severity in plants caused by pathogens and pests, including plant parasitic nematodes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of AMF on SCN cyst production, SCN juveniles in roots, and SCN egg hatching. In one experiment, all five AMF species tested (Claroideoglomus claroideum, Diversispora eburnean, Dentiscutata heterogama, Funneliformis mosseae, and Rhizophagus intraradices) reduced (P < 0.05) the number of cysts on soybean roots by 59 to 81%, compared with soybean roots not inoculated with AMF. Inoculation with F. mosseae reduced SCN J2-J3 stage juveniles in soybean roots by 60% at 7 days post inoculation. A separate experiment showed that egg hatch was reduced (P < 0.05) in the presence of F. mosseae spores and their exudates by 27% and 62%, respectively. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential usefulness of AMF in field conditions and to determine the usefulness and potential of the exudates associated with SCN hatching suppression by F. mosseae. Making AMF a more effective biological control agent would provide another management tool to reduce the negative impact of SCN on soybean production.
Resolving Li-Ion Battery Electrode Particles Using Rapid Lab-Based X-Ray Nano-Computed Tomography for High-Throughput Quantification

Vast quantities of powder leave production lines each day, often with strict control measures. For quality checks to provide the most value, they must be capable of screening individual particles in 3D and at high throughput. Conceptually, X-ray computed tomography (CT) is capable of this; however, achieving lab-based reconstructions of individual particles has, until now, relied upon scan-times on the order of tens of hours, or even days, and although synchrotron facilities are potentially capable of faster scanning times, availability is limited, making in-line product analysis impractical. This work describes a preparation method and high-throughput scanning procedure for the 3D characterization of powder samples in minutes using nano-CT by full-filed transmission X-ray microscopy with zone-plate focusing optics. This is demonstrated on various particle morphologies from two next-generation lithium-ion battery cathodes: LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2; namely, NMC811 and NMC622. Internal voids are detected which limit energy density and promote degradation, potentially impacting commercial application such as the drivable range of an electric vehicle.
Genetic characteristic analysis of echovirus 11

Objective To study echovirus 11 ( ECHO11 ) sequences genetic variability of the VP1 gene of 82 isolates from 15 countries and 2 provinces in China.Methods The VP1 sequences of 82 strains of echovirus 11 were downloaded from the GenBank,and their nucleotide and amino acid diversity were calculated and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega software.Results 82 echovirus 11 strains were divided into 4 genotypes( A-D),Genotype A is further divided into 7 subgenotyps and genotype D into 7 subgenotyps.The prototype strain Gregory is the sole member of genotype B.Genotype C is divided into 3 genotypes.The sequence diversity between echovirus 11 strains is 21.7%-24.1% (AA diversity:6.0%-12.1% ).Conclusion Our results show that most genotypes contain isolates that have circulated over a wide geographical(several countries from different continents) and temporal range.Several genotypes were also shown to co-circulate in a region during the same period of time,showing that the epidemic of echovirus 11 has typical time and geographical characters. Key words: Echovirus 11 ; Genetic characteristics
Environmental influences on invertebrate diversity and community composition in the hyporheic zone ecotone in Texas, USA: contrasts between co-occurring epigean taxa and stygobionts

The hyporheic zone (HZ) of streams harbors co-occurring epigean taxa and stygobionts (including HZ specialist taxa and deeper groundwater taxa) that face the same set of local environmental factors, but are derived from spatially and functionally discrete colonist pools. We investigate whether occurrences of epigean taxa and stygobionts are differentially influenced by the same set of environmental variables in HZ samples from Texas, USA. We increase the number of records for described stygobionts in the state by nearly 12%, but 26 stygobionts (35%) were undescribed species. Stygobionts had smaller average ranges (3549 km2) than epigean taxa (24,046 km2), but occurred in similar abundances. Dissolved oxygen and temperature influenced community composition in both groups, but stygobiont community composition, richness, and abundance were influenced by association with karst aquifers and surface water-groundwater exchange, whereas epigean taxa composition was only weakly influenced by the association with karst aquifers. Contrasts between epigean taxa and stygobiont occurrence patterns are primarily explained by differences in range size, dispersal ability, and the pool of potential colonizer species. This first documentation of Texas HZ communities includes 14 stygobionts previously recorded only from karst aquifers: their discovery in the HZ has important management implications.
Rapidly quantifying drought impacts to aid reseeding strategies

On the Ground • Remote sensing for rapid estimation of forage losses. • Cross referencing forage losses from drought with ecological sites can aid seeding decisions. • Drought monitors, by themselves, do not necessarily reflect extent and scope of forage losses. • Partnering with multiple agencies and stakeholders can enhance the overall response to drought.
Complex RNA-DNA hybrid nanoshapes from iterative mix-and-match screening

Hybrid nucleic acid nanostructures partition architectural and functional roles between ribonucleic acid (RNA) joints and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) connectors. Nanoshapes self-assemble from nucleic acid modules through synergistic stabilization of marginally stable base pairing interactions within circularly closed polygons. Herein, we report the development of hybrid nanoshapes that include multiple different RNA modules such as internal loop and three-way junction (3WJ) motifs. An iterative mix-and-match screening approach was used to identify suitable DNA connectors that furnished stable nanoshapes for combinations of different RNA modules. The resulting complex multicomponent RNA-DNA hybrid nanoshapes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Our research provides proof of concept for modular design, assembly and screening of RNA-DNA hybrid nanoshapes as building blocks for complex extended nucleic acid materials with features at the sub-10 nm scale.
Measuring Temperature-dependent Propagating Disturbances in Coronal Fan Loops Using Multiple SDO/AIA Channels and the Surfing Transform Technique

A set of co-aligned high-resolution images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory is used to investigate propagating disturbances (PDs) in warm fan loops at the periphery of a non-flaring active region NOAA AR 11082. To measure PD speeds at multiple coronal temperatures, a new data analysis methodology is proposed enabling a quantitative description of subvisual coronal motions with low signal-to-noise ratios of the order of 0.1%. The technique operates with a set of one-dimensional "surfing" signals extracted from position-time plots of several AIA channels through a modified version of Radon transform. The signals are used to evaluate a two-dimensional power spectral density distribution in the frequency-velocity space that exhibits a resonance in the presence of quasi-periodic PDs. By applying this analysis to the same fan loop structures observed in several AIA channels, we found that the traveling velocity of PDs increases with the temperature of the coronal plasma following the square-root dependence predicted for slow mode magneto-acoustic waves which seem to be the dominating wave mode in the loop structures studied. This result extends recent observations by Kiddie et al. to a more general class of fan loop system not associated with sunspots and demonstrating consistent slow mode activity in up to four AIA channels.
Gender and Age-Specific Differences Observed in Rates of Achieving Meaningful Clinical Outcomes 5-Years After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Purpose To compare the impact of age and gender on achieving meaningful outcomes among minimum patients 5 years after undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Methods Consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS by a single fellowship-trained surgeon between January 2012 and October 2014 were analyzed. Study inclusion criteria included any patient undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS, with 5 years follow-up. Preoperative and 5-year postoperative functional scores were collected, including the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living Subscale (HOS-ADL), HOS-Sport Subscale (HOS-SS), modified Harris hip score (mHHS), and Visual Analog Scale for satisfaction. Patients were matched 1:1 by gender and age to compare outcomes between these 2 demographics. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were calculated for each functional measure and compared by gender and age. Results Of the 340 patients (70.5%) with 5 years’ follow up, 150 were matched by gender and age into one of the following groups: female patients 45 years, male patients 45 years of age. At minimum 5-year follow-up, all 6 groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the functional outcome score averages and pain (P .05). Analysis of achieving MCID and PASS demonstrated that females had higher rates of reaching the HOS-SS and mHHS threshold for achieving MCID as compared to their male counterparts (P 45 years old (P Conclusion The majority of patients achieve clinically significant outcome improvement at 5-year follow-up after arthroscopic FAIS surgery. Females reach the mHHS threshold for achieving MCID at significantly higher rates than males. Patients 45 years old. Level of Evidence Level III, case-control study.
Analysis of Twitter Activity and Engagement From Annual Meetings of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the Society of Interventional Radiology.

Background Medical societies such as the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) have been encouraging the use of social media at annual meetings by establishing unique meeting hashtags (eg. #VAM19, #SIR19ATX). These two specialties have similar number of active physicians and share procedural interests. We set forth to understand differences in Twitter activity and engagement by analyzing Twitter outputs from the vascular annual meeting (VAM) and the interventional radiology annual meeting (IRAM) in 2019. Methods Tweets with “#VAM19” and “#SIR19ATX” from 30 days before and 30 days after respective meetings were collected. Proportion of distinct Twitter users relative to total number of meeting attendees, number of posts per user, number of hashtags per post, and number of engagement metrics (likes, replies, and retweets) were collected for comparison. As for the top 100 most liked tweets, specialty-related hashtags were categorized into identity, diversity, education, procedure, and medical care, and the authors of these tweets were also identified for comparison. Student's t-test* and Fisher's Exact⁎⁎ were utilized for analysis. Results A total of 362 and 1944 tweets were collected from the VAM and IRAM in 2019. There was no difference in proportion of active Twitter users relative to total number of meeting attendees between the VAM (7.5%) and IRAM (7.7%). Average number of posts per user from the VAM and IRAM showed no significant difference. However, tweets related to IRAM had significantly higher number of hashtags per post (2.67±1.96) than ones related to VAM (1.78±1.26) (P (p=0.005*) and official societies (p=0.003*) in significantly greater proportion in IRAM whereas academic institutions/training hospitals authored in significantly greater proportion (p=0.004*) from the VAM. Contributions from attending physician users to the 100 most liked tweets were similar between the two meetings. Conclusion Analysis of Twitter activity centered around #VAM19 and #SIR19ATX indicates that there was no significant difference in proportion of Twitter users relative to meeting attendees and average number of posts per user. However, tweets with #SIR19ATX had significantly higher number of hashtags per post and had greater level of engagement than ones with #VAM19. The top 100 most liked tweets from the two meetings differed in proportion of hashtags related to specialty identity, diversity, and education, as well as proportion of contributing authors identified as trainees, official societies, and academic institutions/training hospitals. These data should help the SVS and its members to establish a more directed social media effort to facilitate its use during national gatherings.
The 1918 influenza pandemic did not accelerate tuberculosis mortality decline in early-20th century Newfoundland: Investigating historical and social explanations

Objectives The selective mortality hypothesis of tuberculosis after the 1918 influenza pandemic, laid out by Noymer and colleagues, suggests that acute exposure or pre-existing infection with tuberculosis (TB) increased the probability of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic, leading to a hastened decline of TB mortality in post-pandemic years. This study describes cultural determinants of the post-pandemic TB mortality patterns in Newfoundland and evaluates whether there is support for this observation. Materials and methods Death records and historical documents from the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador were used to calculate age-standardized island-wide and sex-based TB mortality, as well as region-level TB mortality, for 1900-1939. The Joinpoint Regression Program (version 4.8.0.1) was used to estimate statistically significant changes in mortality rates. Results Island-wide, females had consistently higher TB mortality for the duration of the study period and a significant shift to lower TB mortality beginning in 1928. There was no similar predicted significant decline for males. On the regional level, no models predicted a significant decline after the 1918 influenza pandemic, except for the West, where significant decline was predicted in the late-1930s. Discussion Although there was no significant decline in TB mortality observed immediately post-pandemic, as has been shown for other Western nations, the female post-pandemic pattern suggests a decline much later. The general lack of significant decrease in TB mortality rate is likely due to Newfoundland's poor nutrition and lack of centralized healthcare rather than a biological interaction between P&I and TB.
Variability in preventive care practices among US adults with diabetes mellitus

Introduction Patients with diabetes are advised to follow standard medical care including daily blood glucose and foot checks, eye examinations with pupil dilation, and cholesterol checks to prevent diabetes-related complications. It is unclear how these practices currently vary across different US population subgroups. The objective of this study was to assess variation in overall and individual diabetes care practices and identify specific factors associated with differences in these practices in a representative sample of US diabetic adults. Research design and methods Cross-sectional data were from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Survey logistic regression was used to account for the complex sampling design. Results Among 30 780 eligible participants, 8957 (equivalent to 28% of the target population) followed all four diabetes care practices. Insulin-dependent participants had higher adjusted odds (adjusted OR=2.95; 95% CI 2.62 to 3.31) of following all four diabetic care practices compared with those who did not. Cost-related variables (having healthcare coverage and/or a personal doctor) were positively associated with diabetes care practices, with the strongest association observed for adherence to more costly practices (annual eye examination and cholesterol check) versus less costly ones (daily blood glucose check, daily foot check). Conclusions Our findings suggest the need for diabetes care practice-specific and population subgroup-specific public health interventions to encourage early adherence to diabetic care practices and reduce complications.
In Silico Modeling and Scoring of PROTAC-Mediated Ternary Complex Poses

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional molecules that can induce the ubiquitination of targeted proteins via the formation of ternary complexes between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein. The poly-ubiquitinated target protein will be escorted to the proteasome for degradation. Rational design of PROTACs require knowledge of an accurate configuration of the PROTAC induced ternary complex. This study demonstrates that native ternary poses can be distinguished by scoring candidate poses based on the pose residence time. The scoring is essentially heat-and-dissociate trials of candidate poses sampled by MD and pre-ranked by the classic MM/GBSA method. It is practical, simple to use and self-intuitive, relying on the observation that the assumed more stable native crystal ternary poses maintained a longer residence time than non-native ones at both room and higher temperatures. A time score and temperature score were generated from multiple replicate trajectories. These scores were able to correctly identify the native pose from non-native ones in all the systems examined. The absolute numbers were comparable across different systems in all currently available VHL and CRBN-containing ternary crystal structures. Therefore, it is also possible to provide an empirical criteria for unresolved ternary structures that under the conditions of this study. If a ternary pose is stable up to over a certain threshold score, it is likely a native pose. The success of the method is in part attributed to the dynamic nature of the pose change analysis which naturally involves entropic effects, one that is intrinsically unavailable with faster static scoring methods that consider molecular mechanical energy only. Protein-protein binding entropy is much more significant than in protein-ligands binding. The success is also attributed to the fact that the protein structures themselves were all stable in the short heating trials.
Bubble dynamics and nucleate pool boiling heat transfer on microporous copper surfaces

Abstract Nucleate pool boiling experiments were performed on microporous copper surfaces and plain surfaces using saturated HFE-7100 as the working fluid. Quantitative measurements of the bubble dynamics, such as the nucleation site density, bubble diameter at departure, and bubble departure frequency, were obtained using high-speed visualization. The microporous surfaces, with coating thicknesses in the range of 100–700 μm, porosity of 55–60%, and cavity sizes in the range of 0.5–5 μm, showed a significantly lower boiling incipience temperature, which enhanced the heat transfer coefficient by 50–270% and enhanced the critical heat fluxes by 33–60% when compared to the plain surface. At low heat flux levels, the surface with a thicker microporous coating showed better performance than the thinner one. However, the thinner microporous coating resulted in higher critical heat flux than the thicker surface. The site density, departure diameter, and departure frequency were compared against the predictions using various correlations from the literature. Based on a heat flux partition model, using the measured values of the active site density and bubble departure diameter and frequency, and neglecting the single-phase heat transfer effects of bubble coalescence, the individual modes of heat transfer (evaporative, quenching, and convective) were computed. Reasonably good agreement between the partition model results and the experimental data was obtained. On the plain surfaces, the evaporative and quenching components were approximately equal. On the microporous surfaces, the evaporative component was found to be significantly higher.
Toxicogenomics and the Evolution of Systems Toxicology

Toxicogenomics combines toxicology with genetics and genomics to provide a comprehensive view of the function of the genetic and biochemical machinery (genes, proteins and metabolites) of the living cell. A critical part of the study of toxicology, and by extension, toxicogenomics, is the empirical and contextual characterization of adverse effects at the various levels of organization of the organism—ranging from animal health and function to organs, tissues, cells and intracellular and intercellular molecular systems. Thus, toxicology and toxicogenomics are rapidly evolving into systems toxicology. The modern achievements of sequencing whole genomes have been quickly followed by gene expression profiling technologies that allow comprehensive queries of the transcriptome, to the refinement of traditional proteomics, and to the creation of other -omic technologies. Toxicogenomics evolved from the desire to characterize how genomes respond to environmental stressors or toxicants by combining genome-wide mRNA expression profiling (transcriptomics) with global protein expression patterns (proteomics) that are interpreted by the use of bioinformatics to understand the role of gene–environment interactions in disease and dysfunction. The inherently reductive nature of toxicogenomic analysis down to the level of DNA, mRNA and protein sequences is being counterbalanced by a concerted attempt to reassemble these molecular pieces of information into pathways and networks that form the new field of systems toxicology. The result of these concurrent reductive and assembly activities in gene expression information is a much greater depth of field now possible for examining toxicant responses. The ability to discern mechanisms of toxicity as related to health issues is an important challenge facing scientists, public health decision-makers and regulatory authorities, whose aim is to protect humans and the environment from exposures to hazardous drugs, chemicals and environmental stressors. The problems of performing safety and risk assessments for drugs and chemicals and of identifying environmental factors involved in the aetiology of human disease have long been formidable issues. Genomic technologies offer the potential to change the way in which toxicity and human health risk are assessed. This review explores the new field of toxicogenomics, delineates some of its research approaches and success stories and describes the challenges it faces as it enters the new world of systems toxicology. Keywords: toxicogenomics; transcriptomics; proteomics; metabolomics; metabonomics; toxicoproteomics; systems toxicology
Kompensation und Dekompensation

Eine wesentliche Eigentumlichkeit des Herzmuskels ist die Fahigkeit der Anpassung seiner Tatigkeit an die Erfordernisse des Organismus. Diese Anpassungsfahigkeit macht das Leben erst moglich, da sie dem Herzen die Vergroserung des Schlag- und Minutenvolumens gestattet, wodurch es groseren Beanspruchungen wahrend korperlicher Anstrengung, Verdauung, Schwangerschaft und zahlreicher anderer Situationen nachzukommen vermag. Die vom Herzen geforderte Blutmenge kann von 5 bis 7 Litern in der Minute bei Ruhe ohne weiteres auf 25 bis 30 Liter bei starker Anstrengung ansteigen. Der Herzmuskel nutzt bei Ruhe nicht alle seiner Moglichkeiten aus; er verfugt uber eine Reservekraft, welche immer dann zur Anwendung kommt, wenn die Fullung des Herzens zunimmt. Innerhalb gewisser Grenzen gilt fur das gesunde Herz das Starlingsche Gesetz. Eine starkere Dehnung der Herzmuskelfasern infolge vermehrter Herzfullung lost eine kraftigere Kontraktion aus.
Origins of Life, Molecular Basis of

Research on the origins of life is an investigation of the reaction pathways that start from simple organic molecules and end with the complex macromolecular structures that organized into the first life. The understanding of this evolution of chemical complexity requires information from astronomy, geology, biology, chemistry, and physics. For example, astronomy, geology, and physics provide data on the formation and environment of the early Earth. Information on reaction processes that led to the first self-replicating system comes from the disciplines of chemistry and biology. Keywords: Chiral Molecules; Hydrothermal Systems; Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA); Ribozyme; RNA World; Template-directed Synthesis; Vesicle or Liposome
Biomass production of Prosopis species (mesquite), leucaena, and other leguminous trees grown under heat/drought stress.

Leguminous trees were examined for use of hot/arid lands in field trials in the California Imperial Valley where July daily maximum temperatures are 42 degrees C (108 degrees F). Two field trials were carried out to rank 55 accessions in biomass per tree and to evaluate biomass production per unit area with four of the more productive accessions identified in earlier trials. The trial with 55 accessions compared Prosopis (mesquite) to widely recommended species for arid lands such as Leucaena leucocephala (K-8), Parkinsonia aculeata, and Prosopis tamarugo and to other drought adapted tree legume species of California/Arizona deserts such as Cercidium floridium and Olneya tesota. Prosopis selections were identified that had greater productivity than either Leucaena leucocephala (K-8) or Parkinsonia aculeata. The mean oven-dry biomass per accession ranged from 0.2 kg/tree for Prosospis tamarugo to 29 kg/tree for P. alba (0166) when measured 2 years from germination in the greenhouse. Clones were obtained from trees in this trial which had 45-56 kg/tree (oven-dry) in two seasons. The plots designed to measure biomass production per unit area were on a 1.5 m spacing and had productivities of 7, 11.2, 14.3, and 14.5 oven-dry T ha-1 yr-1 for P. glandulosa var torreyanamore » (0001), P. alba (0163), P. chilensis (0009), and P. alba(0039), respectively, when measured 2 years from germination in the greenhouse. 30 references« less
Surface roughness studies of deep plasma etching in crystalline silicon

A study of the parameters influencing the roughness of plasma etched surfaces of monocrystalline silicon was conducted, using a commercial reactive ion etcher (RIE) and a Gaseous Electronic Conference (GEC) Plasma Standard Cell as the etching tools. Relatively deep (6 micrometer) etching was done using pure SF/sub 6/ and mixtures of SF/sub 6/ with additions of either oxygen or hydrogen. Other parameters studied included chamber pressure and rf power. Roughness was determined qualitatively by the use of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used on selected samples to obtain quantitative roughness measurements. A wide range of surface roughness was observed. Both pure SF/sub 6/ and SF/sub 6/ plus 7.5% H/sub 2/ mere capable of producing very smooth bottom and wall surfaces. Increasing H/sub 2/ to 17.5% caused the sidewalls to become rough while maintaining bottom smoothness. Oxygen additions caused all surfaces to be rough. With most gas compositions, surfaces could be made smoother by decreasing power and increasing pressure. Silicon etch rates generally increased with power, but showed a maximum near a pressure of 400 mT, decreasing at both higher and lower pressures. Although similar trends were observed with both etch tools, further comparisons will require a more detailed investigation.
Semiconductor Industry; Prospects For Its Future Growth

Presents a series of industry growth graphs that depict the prospects for the semiconductor industry by year, country, and selected industry sectors.