cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paleoecology of an early Holocene faunal and floral assemblage from the Dows Local Biota of north-central Iowa

Abstract The faunas and floras from the Dows Local Biota provide an opportunity to compare Holocene taxa without a cultural bias. The Dows Local Biota is located in a large depression on the back side (north) of the Altamont I Moraine complex within the Des Moines Lobe. The Dows Silt Fauna/Flora ( = DSF; ca. 9380 ± 130 yr B.P.), one horizon of the Dows Local Biota, was collected for plant macrofossils, mollusks, and micromammals. DSF terrestrial gastropods are upland mesic forest dwellers although one species, Strobilops affinis , is characteristic of more xeric forests and may represent open woods. The aquatic gastropods reflect both permanent and periodic waters. DSF micromammals prefer an open, mesic, deciduous forest. The micromammal sympatry is restricted to a small area within the tension zone and deciduous forest belt of west-central Wisconsin. DSF plants are characteristic of upland forests, moist meadowlands or disturbed areas, and aquatic habitats. The DSF plant sympatry is large but restricted to the conifer-hardwood and deciduous forests along the Great Lakes-New England regions. Quantitative climatic data for the combined DSF sympatries suggest that Dows (ca. 9380 yr B.P.) was cooler than at present, and is nearly identical to that achieved by pollen analyses at the Cherokee Sewer-Lake West Okoboji sites (ca. 9000 yr B.P.) in northwest Iowa. Based on common habitat interpretations and sympatries, about 9380 yr B.P. north-central Iowa was cooler and moister than at present and was occupied by an open deciduous forest.
Root Cause Analysis of a Gas Turbine Compressor Stator Blade Failure

Three identical 85 MW combustion turbines experienced cracking and failure of several first stage compressor stator (S1) blades. The root cause analysis involved the following distinct stages: 1. Examination of failed blades including fractography and analyses of the mechanics of their fracture; 2. Blade vibration analysis to determine the modes of vibration and corresponding resonant frequencies; 3. Inlet plenum flow and acoustical analysis to identify possible sources of excitation. This paper summarizes the methodology and results of the root cause analysis investigation and outlines the convergence of results obtained from the independently conducted mechanical and acoustical analyses.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association The Early Years

An account of the origin, within the American Heart Association, of a council devoted to vascular disease of the central nervous system, with particular attention to the context in which that occurred, is presented in this article. The forces of a service-charitable organization, political action, medical practice in general, and interested, strong-witted citizens provided the stimuli for the development of the Stroke Council.
Intermedia: A case study of the differences between relational and object-oriented database systems

This paper compares two approaches to meeting the data handling requirements of Intermedia, a hypermedia system developed at the Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship at Brown University. Intermedia, though written using an object-oriented programming language, relies on a traditional relational database management system for data storage and retrieval. We examine the ramifications of replacing the relational database with an object-oriented database. We begin by describing the important characteristics each database system. We then describe Intermedia and give an overview of its architecture and its data handling requirements. We explain why and how we used a relational database management system and the problems that we encountered with this system. We then present the design of an object-oriented database schema for Intermedia and compare the relational and object-oriented database management system approaches.
DLK: the "preconditioning" signal for axon regeneration?

In this issue of Neuron, Shin et al. (2012) show that the dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) is responsible for the retrograde injury signal in spinal sensory and motor neurons. DLK is required for the accelerated regeneration seen after axotomy and for the improved regeneration seen after a conditioning injury. DLK KO axons have severely reduced axon regeneration in vivo.
704-5 Adenosine Dilates Conductance and Resistance Vessels in Denervated Human Coronary Arteries and is more Potent than Dipyridamole

Adenosine and dipyridamole are coronary vasodilators who act primarily on resistance vessels. Vascular response in the denervated heart are not well understood. To examine this question, coronary hemodynamic changes in response to standard vasodilators were assessed in eleven heart transplanted patients using simultaneously a 4.3 F, 30 MHz ultrasound imaging catheter (CVIS) over a 0.014” Doppler guidewire (Cardiometries). Measures of average peak velocity (APV) and cross-sectional area (CSA) were used to calculate volumetric flow during intravenous infusions of the endothelium independent vasodilators adenosine (140 μg/kg/min over 4 minutes) and dipyridamole (140 μg/kg/min over 4 minutes). Volumetric coronary blood flow (CBF) was calculated using the previously validated relationship CBF = 0.47 × CSA × APV. Flow reserve was assessed as a ratio of maximal pharmacologicallyinduced flow to steady baseline flow prior to infusion. Increase in coronary average peak velocity (261.9 vs. 194.6%, p = 0.005), lumenal area (111.8 vs 104.2%, P = 0.01). peak volumetric blood flow (515.8 vs. 317.2 cc/min, p = 0.007) and coronary flow reserve (2.93 ± 0.79 vs. 1.99 ± 0.56, p l 0.001) were higher with adenosine compared to dipyridamole. Epicardial dilation was only seen with adenosine administration (p = 0.01). Both agents caused similar decreases in systemic blood pressure and little change in heart rate. Conclusion Transplant recipients appear to have diminished flow velocity and flow reserve in response to endothelium-independent agents. Adenosine appears to be a more potent coronary vasodilator than dipyridamole in denervated human transplant subjects at both the epicardial and microvascular level at standard doses. Adenosine's effects in the conductance vasculature may be unique to the transplant recipient where denervation is present.
Topsoil and subsoil potassium as affected by long-term potassium fertilization of corn-soybean rotations

Abstract Long‐term potassium (K) fertilization practices are likely to affect the K content of soils. This study assessed the effect of long‐term K fertilization strategies for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations on extractable K in the soil profile of a major Iowa soil type at two locations. The soil type was a Webster fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Haplaquoll at both sites. Soil samples were collected from the 0–15, 15–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm depths after 17 years (Site 1) or 19 years (Site 2) of K fertilization with combinations of two initial rates and four annual rates. The initial rates were 0 and 1,344 or 1,120 kg K ha‐1 at Site 1 and 2, respectively, and the annual rates ranged from 0 to 100 kg K ha‐1. Samples were analyzed for ammonium acetate‐extractable K (STK) and nitric acid (HNO3)‐extractable nonexchangeable K (HNO3‐K). Concentrations of STK and HNO3‐K in the top 0–15 cm soil layer at the two sites were higher for the high initial K rates and were linearly rela...
Quantitative determination of amino acids in protein hydrolyzates by paper chromatography.

Summary An improved method for the quantitative assay of complex amino acid mixtures has been described. Complete separation of amino acids in simple protein hydrolyzates has been achieved by one-dimensional paper chromatography using a number of alcohol solvents. Direct photometric scanning of these one-dimensional chromatograms subjected to a new modification of the ninhydrin reaction (or isatin reaction in the case of proline) is the basis of the assay. The coefficient of variation for a single determination is ±4.36%. The analysis of bovine serum albumin and of a synthetic mixture of amino acids has been reported.
An efficient spectral method for ordinary differential equations with rational function coefficients

We present some relations that allow the efficient approximate inversion of linear differential operators with rational function coefficients. We employ expansions in terms of a large class of orthogonal polynomial families, including all the classical orthogonal polynomials. These families obey a simple three-term recurrence relation for differentiation, which implies that on an appropriately restricted domain the differentiation operator has a unique banded inverse. The inverse is an integration operator for the family, and it is simply the tridiagonal coefficient matrix for the recurrence. Since in these families convolution operators (i.e. matrix representations of multiplication by a function) are banded for polynomials, we are able to obtain a banded representation for linear differential operators with rational coefficients. This leads to a method of solution of initial or boundary value problems that, besides having an operation count that scales linearly with the order of truncation N, is computationally well conditioned. Among the applications considered is the use of rational maps for the resolution of sharp interior layers.
The multiple Maillard reactions of ribose and deoxyribose sugars and sugar phosphates

Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) undergoes the Maillard reaction with amines at significantly higher rates than most other sugars and sugar phosphates. The presence of an intramolecular phosphate group, which catalyzes the early stages of the Maillard reaction, provides the opportunity for the R5P molecule to undergo novel reaction paths creating unique Maillard products. The initial set of reactions leading to an Amadori product (phosphorylated) and to an alpha-dicarbonyl phosphate compound follows a typical Maillard reaction sequence, but an observed phosphate hydrolysis accompanying the reaction adds to the complexity of the products formed. The reaction rate for the loss of R5P is partially dependent on the pK(a) of the amine but also is correlated to the protonation of an early intermediate of the reaction sequence. In the presence of oxygen, a carboxymethyl group conjugated to the amine is a major product of the reaction of R5P with N-acetyllysine while little of this product is generated in the absence of oxygen. Despite lacking a critical hydroxyl group necessary for the Maillard reaction, 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate (dR5P) still generates an Amadori-like product (with a carbonyl on the C-3 carbon) and undergoes phosphate cleavage. Two highly UV-absorbing products of dR5P were amine derivatives of 5-methylene-2-pyrrolone and 2-formylpyrrole. The reaction of dR5P with certain amines generates a set of products that exhibit an interesting absorbance at 340nm and a high fluorescence.
The Relationship Between Consumers’ Tendencies to Buy Compulsively and Their Motivations to Shop and Buy on the Internet

Abstract This paper presents the results of a survey of customers of an Internet clothing retailer examining how consumers’ preferences to shop and buy on the Internet rather than at bricks-and-mortar stores differ depending on their compulsive buying tendencies. Using shopping motivations such as seeking product and information variety, the ability to buy unobserved, avoiding social interactions, and experiencing positive feelings during shopping and buying, we find a positive linear relationship between a tendency to buy compulsively and Internet shopping and buying motivations. The research demonstrates that the items used to measure these motivations can also be used to identify buyers who have a tendency to buy compulsively. The paper also offers important retailing, managerial and public policy implications of the findings.
New or little-known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XVII

SYNOPSIS Eight new species of the Limoniine genus Anrocha Osten Sacken are described. seven from the Himalayan region of Kumaon, Sikkim and Assam, and one from South India.
Aspirin, prostaglandin E1 and Quin-2 AM-induced platelet dysfunction: Restoration of function by noradrenalin

Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that adrenalin can restore the function of drug-induced refractory platelets to the action of physiological agonists via a novel mechanism (membrane modulation). In various disease states and clinical conditions the circulating levels of noradrenalin (NA) increase several fold more than adrenalin. Therefore, in this study the influence of NA on three well characterized platelet refractory models has been evaluated. Aspirin-exposed platelets were obtained for these studies from blood of donors who had taken one baby aspirin (80 mgs) per day for four consecutive days. Prostaglandin-exposed platelets were obtained by disaggregating ADP-induced aggregates through addition of prostaglandin E1 (1 microM). Finally, low calcium platelets were obtained by buffering cytosolic free calcium with a calcium specific cell permeant fluorophore, Quin-2 AM (60 microM). Drug-exposed platelets did not aggregate irreversibly when stirred with arachidonate (0.45 mM) or NA 5 microM). However, when treated with NA first, drug-treated platelets regained their sensitivity to the action of arachidonate and aggregated irreversibly. The ability of NA to restore the sensitivity of drug-induced refractory platelets was effectively blocked by yohimbine (10 microM), an alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist. Results of these studies suggest that NA, similar to the action of adrenalin, can activate membrane modulation and restore the sensitivity of platelets to the action of physiological agonists under a variety of experimental conditions.
The chemokine receptor homologue encoded by US27 of human cytomegalovirus is heavily glycosylated and is present in infected human foreskin fibroblasts and enveloped virus particles.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the β-herpesvirus family, encodes four homologues of cellular G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). One of these, the protein product of HCMV open reading frame (ORF) UL33, has been identified in HCMV-infected cells and virus particles and shown to be heat-aggregatable and N-glycosylated. Another, the product of ORF US28, has been functionally characterized as a β-chemokine receptor. Here we report the use of RT-PCR, coupled in vitro transcription–translation, immunoprecipitation, and Western immunoassays to (i) show that RNA from the open reading frame US27 appears predominantly during the late phase of replication; (ii) identify the protein encoded by HCMV US27 in infected cells and enveloped virus particles; (iii) demonstrate that the US27-encoded protein is heterogeneously N-glycosylated and resolves as two species following treatment with peptide N-glycosidase F; and (iv) show that both the recombinant and deglycoylated infected cell US27 protein aggregate when heated in the presence of SDS prior to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels, a property which is abrogated with the addition of urea to sample buffer.
The Fluxes of Specific Enthalpy, Sensible Heat and Latent Heat near the Earth's Surface

Abstract Corrections to the sensible heat flux due to fluctuations in the specific humidity recently proposed by Brook (1978) have been shown to be incorrect by Frank and Emmitt (1981). However, it is easy to misinterpret Frank and Emmitt’s paper. Here an effort is made to clarify the issue and to sketch what its importance is to the energy balance of the hydrological cycle. By expanding the specific enthalpy flux into the fluxes of sensible heat and latent heat, it is found that a good first-order approximation shows that no corrections are necessary, which is in agreement with Frank and Emmitt's result.
Colonization by Staphylococcus species resistant to methicillin or quinolone on hands of medical personnel in a skilled-nursing facility

We report here a pilot survey of colonization with methicillin- and/or ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus species on hands of nursing personnel in a private skilled-nursing facility. We found only one nurses aide who carried methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and one who carried ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus, each on only one of the surveys. None of the control nonmedical personnel were found to carry methicillin-resistant S. aureus or ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus. The colonization rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci on the hands of medical personnel was 59%, compared with 13% for the nonmedical personnel, and the counts of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci were also significantly higher for nursing personnel. For ciprofloxacin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, 30% of nursing personnel had positive cultures whereas no ciprofloxacin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains were recovered from the nonmedical control cohort. Three of the patients had presumptive infections with methicillin- or ciprofloxacin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, all urinary tract infections. Personnel hands represent a likely mode of transmission of such strains between patients, and skilled-nursing facility patients may represent a reservoir for carrying the coagulase-negative staphylococci back to acute care facilities.
Improving the efficiency of matrix operations in the numerical solution of large implicit systems of linear differential equations

By combining techniques from numerical linear algebra and well-developed and effective software for ordinary differential equations, a package of efficient procedures has been implemented to compute the numerical solution of large implicit systems of (stiff) linear differential equations of the form without explicitly forming E −1. Such systems arise naturally in, for example, closed-loop simulations of state space models derived from finite element analysis. Numerical experiments have been run to evaluate the performance of the package with respect to accuracy and efficiency. The results showed that exploiting linearity resulted in significant time savings in the solution of high order problems. It was also observed that substantial improvement was possible even for systems of modest size.
An approach for teaching algorithms and computer programming using Greenfoot and Python

The difficulty in learning and teaching the algorithms and programming subjects is a major concern for managers and teachers of Computer Science (CS) undergraduate courses. These are foundational subjects for CS professionals, yet continue to present a high degree of difficulty in learning for students. This paper presents two experiences we conducted with Computer Science beginner students related to the teaching of computer programming. Results obtained were positive and encouraging in a way that continues to be used with new students in CS courses. We are convinced that other actions like this one are vital for interdisciplinary work, preventing student evasion resulting from the learning environment, casting them as process actors. Algorithms and computer programming are becoming evermore necessary tools for academic and professional development.
Fiber tract-driven topographical mapping (FTTM) reveals microstructural relevance for interhemispheric visuomotor function in the aging brain.

Abstract We present a novel approach – DTI-based fiber tract-driven topographical mapping (FTTM) – to map and measure the influence of age on the integrity of interhemispheric fibers and challenge their selective functions with measures of interhemispheric integration of lateralized information. This approach enabled identification of spatially specific topographical maps of scalar diffusion measures and their relation to measures of visuomotor performance. Relative to younger adults, older adults showed lower fiber integrity indices in anterior than posterior callosal fibers. FTTM analysis identified a dissociation in the microstructural–function associates between age groups: in younger adults, genu fiber integrity correlated with interhemispheric transfer time, whereas in older adults, body fiber integrity was correlated with interhemispheric transfer time with topographical specificity along left-lateralized callosal fiber trajectories. Neural co-activation from redundant targets was evidenced by fMRI-derived bilateral extrastriate cortex activation in both groups, and a group difference emerged for a pontine activation cluster that was differently modulated by response hand in older than younger adults. Bilateral processing advantages in older but not younger adults further correlated with fiber integrity in transverse pontine fibers that branch into the right cerebellar cortex, thereby supporting a role for the pons in interhemispheric facilitation. In conclusion, in the face of compromised anterior callosal fibers, older adults appear to use alternative pathways to accomplish visuomotor interhemispheric information transfer and integration for lateralized processing. This shift from youthful associations may indicate recruitment of compensatory mechanisms involving medial corpus callosum fibers and subcortical pathways.
Rapidly enlarging nodular plaque on the leg.

Awhiteman inhis60swas referred toour dermatology clinic for rapidly enlarging lesions on his calf, thigh, and cheek. Threemonths prior, he had noticed a small nodule on his calf, with no overlying skin changes or tenderness. This progressed to a tender, nodular plaque while other lesions appeared. Thepatientdeniedother signsor symptoms.Hismedical history included Parkinson disease, for which he took no medication.Laboratory findingsshowedanelevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level at 439 U/L (reference range, 118-242 U/L) (to convert LDH tomicrokatals per liter,multiplyby0.0167). Results fromserumchemical analyses, completebloodcell count, and tests of liver functions were normal. Physical examination revealed a healthyappearingmanwitha4.0 × 4.0-cmpink, firm, tendernodularplaqueonhis left calf (Figure, A), a 5.0-cm firm, subcutaneousmass on his right thigh, and a0.5 × 0.5-cm subcutaneous noduleonhis leftcheek.Therewasnocervical, axillary,or inguinal lymphadenopathy.Apunch biopsy specimen was obtained from each lesion (Figure, B and C). Quiz at jamadermatology.com A
Chromosome mapping of Soa, a gene influencing gustatory sensitivity to sucrose octaacetate in mice.

Strain distribution patterns among recombinant inbred strains suggested that a locus influencing taste sensitivity to sucrose octaacetate was on chromosome 6. A location forSoa was established by linkage analysis of behavioral and electrophoretic data from outbred and congenic strains and from test-cross progeny. Haplotyping of 41 outbred CFW-Cr animals with a cDNA probe showed perfect cosegregation ofSoa andPrp, a gene for salivary proline-rich proteins. Five of twelve B6. SW-Soaa strains were found to retainLdr-1, lactate dehydrogenase regulator-1, on chromosome 6 as an allelic passenger from the SWR/J donor strain (source of theSoaa Taster allele). Centimorgan distance was estimated using the ABP/Le linkage-testing strain (non-Taster,Soab) and the SWR/J strain (Taster,Soaa) in a testcross breeding system. The data are consistent with a position for theSoa locus on mouse chromosome 6, 62 cM from the centromere.
Differential automata and their discrete simulators

On presente la notion d'automate differentiel pour la formulation d'une classe de problemes aux valeurs initiales sur des champs vectoriels hysteretiques
Dynamic mechanical response of a 1060 Al/Al2O3 composite

The flow stress of a 1060 Al/Al2O3 composite increases rapidly with strain rate due to the higher dislocation accumulation rate and the increasing strength of dislocation barriers. The Al/Al2O3 interfaces were found to be well bonded even after high-rate deformation of the composite. MgAl2O4 particles observed at Al/Al2O3 interfaces in the composite of the present study are thought to improve the interface strength. Unlike in pure aluminium, a well-developed cell structure was not observed in the deformed 1060 Al/Al2O3 composite. The absence of a well-developed cell structure is thought to result from a more homogeneous slip distribution in the composite.
Steroid-resistant asthma: immunologic and pharmacologic features.

Abstract Glucocorticoids play an important role in asthma therapy; however, a subset of patients are poorly responsive. We evaluated immunologic and pharmacologic features of 17 patients with steroid-resistant (SR) asthma (six male and 11 female patients) between the ages of 16 and 69 years (mean age, 29 years). SR asthma was defined as failure to improve morning prebronchodilator FEV 1 >60% predicted after a 2-week course of oral prednisone (mean dose, 45 mg/day). These patients were compared to 24 steroid-sensitive (SS) patients, aged 5 to 70 years (mean age, 17 years; 17 male and seven female patients), and 47 healthy control subjects, aged 20 to 40 years. Mean prednisone dose in SS patients was 25 mg/day. Steroid pharmacokinetics were evaluated in six patients with SR asthma. All studies were within normal limits. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from all subjects were stimulated with 10 μg/ml of phytohemagglutinin and incubated for 72 hours with 10 −5 to 10 −9 mol/L of methylprednisolone (Mpn). The Mpn dose-response curve for PBMCs from patients with SR asthma demonstrated a significant ( p
Social Play or the Development of Social Behavior in Ferrets (Mustela putorius)

Ferrets are the domesticated form of the European polecat. Changes in ferret kit, face to face orientation ( en face ) were described for littermate dyads at 46, 62, and 94 days after birth. En face characteristics were discussed in terms of their appropriateness for reported burrow attachment and subsequent dispersal of polecat kits to illustrate both the transactional and the developmental nature of our approach and to emphasize the neglected developmental problem of knowing the organization of kit behavior in its ecological setting. This emphasis brings into question the appropriateness of play criteria, reduces the heuristic value of play for those interested in development, and suggests the importance of multiple endpoints for developmental investigations. Play also limits developmental investigations because of the nature of ethological behavioral categories: Their adult, motivational, and evolutionary emphases direct attention to “functional” rather than “analytic” questions. Although these questions are complementary, they are not equally appropriate for problems of evolution and development because the former direct our attention of behavior of young organisms while the latter direct our attention to mechanisms of the developmental process. Our evaluation of play applies equally well to other functional categories of behavior, such as sexual and aggressive behavior.
Evaluation of the streaming current detector—II. Continuous flow tests

Abstract A streaming current detector (SCD) was used in continuous flow experiments to characterize its response to various conditions. Buffered water and kaolinite systems were coagulated with alum at various doses. The dose was incremented in a stepwise manner while monitoring SCD output, or alternated between samples with and without alum added. It was found that the SCD responded rapidly and reversibly to changes in sample characteristics over a wide range of coagulant concentrations. Readings were similar to those obtained from batch SCD measurements. However, when extremely high doses of alum or ferric chloride (2 × 10−1 M as Al or Fc) were applied, the SCD signal became erratic. Extent and characteristics of this effect differed according to the coagulant used, delay time between the coagulant addition and SCD sampling, coagulant dose and whether or not an ultrasonic cleaning accessory was employed. Several different cleaning methods were found to alleviate the difficulties, but some cleaning agents themselves interfered with SCD output.
Improving optical bench radius measurements using stage error motion data

We describe the application of a vector-based radius approach to optical bench radius measurements in the presence of imperfect stage motions. In this approach, the radius is defined using a vector equation and homogeneous transformation matrix formulism. This is in contrast to the typical technique, where the displacement between the confocal and cat's eye null positions alone is used to determine the test optic radius. An important aspect of the vector-based radius definition is the intrinsic correction for measurement biases, such as straightness errors in the stage motion and cosine misalignment between the stage and displacement gauge axis, which lead to an artificially small radius value if the traditional approach is employed. Measurement techniques and results are provided for the stage error motions, which are then combined with the setup geometry through the analysis to determine the radius of curvature for a spherical artifact. Comparisons are shown between the new vector-based radius calculation, traditional radius computation, and a low uncertainty mechanical measurement. Additionally, the measurement uncertainty for the vector-based approach is determined using Monte Carlo simulation and compared to experimental results.
Embedding in epoxy resins for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy.

Fixed tissue is dehydrated with tertiary butyl alcohol overnight. The following day it is cleared in toluene, infiltrated and embedded in Araldite resin-hardener-accelerator mixture without dibutyl...
Computer simulation of grain growth—I. Kinetics

Abstract A novel Monte Carlo procedure is applied to the study of the kinetics of grain growth in two dimensions. The model employed maps the microstructure onto a discrete lattice. Each lattice site is assigned a number, between 1 and Q, which indicates the local crystallographic orientation. The initial distribution of orientations is chosen at random and the system evolves so as to reduce the number of nearest neighbor pairs of unlike crystallographic orientation. The temporal evolution of the microstructure is monitored to yield the time dependence of the size and shapes of the grains. The microstructures produced are in good correspondence with experimental observations of soap bubbles, foams and cross-sections of isotropic metallurgical specimens. Examination of the temperature and lattice dependence of the kinetics shows the existence of a number of universal features. The model properly reproduces the kinetics of the Ising model in the limit that Q approaches 2. For large Q, power law kinetics [Rm(t) − Rm(0) = Bt] are observed with the growth exponent, m, is found to be independent of Q with a value of approximately 2.4. The deviation of the growth exponent from the mean field value of 2 is discussed in terms of the role of vertices.
Drug Use and Abuse: Some Culture-Crossing Questions

(1977). Drug Use and Abuse: Some Culture-Crossing Questions. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 69-73.
Comorbidity, Disability, and Geriatric Syndromes in Elderly Cancer Patients Receiving Home Health Care

Purpose To assess the prevalence of comorbidity, disability, and geriatric syndromes, or a combination thereof, in elders with cancer receiving home health care (HHC). Patients and Methods Using the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System, we identified Ohio residents 65 years of age or older who were diagnosed with incident breast (n = 952), prostate (n = 324), or colorectal cancer (n = 1,276) during the 28-month study period, August 1999 through November 2001. We used the Outcome and Assessment Information Set, a database compiling comprehensive assessment forms completed for all HHC patients, to group individuals in independent and overlapping categories of comorbidity, disability, and geriatric syndromes on the basis of the patients' clinical condition 14 days before the date of the assessment. Results The proportion with no comorbidity, disability, or geriatric syndromes was 26.4% in breast cancer patients, 12.0% in prostate cancer patients, and 14.0% in colorectal cancer patients. The proportion o...
Delivering a non-resident Master's degree: Qualitative and quantitative measures of effectiveness

An evaluation of the non-resident Master of Arts program in Elementary Education offered by the University of Northern Colorado supports the thesis that quality programs can be offered in a non-traditional setting and without significantly affecting on-campus enrollments. Students in the external program were mid-career educators who were older and had more experience than the campus population. Based on qualitative assessments, the vast majority of the non-resident students supported positive personal and professional growth. They also performed equally well on comprehensive exams. Responsible institutions can demonstrate that external degree programs are fundamentally the same quality as resident degree programs.
Heme oxygenase-1 protects regulatory T cells from hypoxia-induced cellular stress in an experimental mouse brain tumor model

Two characteristic features of malignant gliomas (MG) are the presence of hypoxia and accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO1) is a cytoprotective enzyme expressed in high level by Tregs in glioma. In this study, we show that higher HO1 expression in Tregs is associated with increased survival under hypoxic conditions and that HO1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), abrogates the survival benefits. Moreover, SnPP preferentially eliminates Tregs and treatment with SnPP of tumor bearing mice significantly increases survival (23 to 31days (p<0.05)). Thus HO1 inhibition provides another alternative way of therapeutically targeting Tregs in MG.
Psychopathology in the light of brain injury: a case study.

Abstract A case study of late onset psychopathology following brain injury is presented to illustrate the effects of cognitive and perceptual loss on personality functions. Based on Hughling Jackson's (1884/1958) notion of the duality of the symptom, we proposed a model of the development and process of psychopathology following brain injury, which views the development of the psychopathological behavior as a product of acquired cognitive and perceptual defects and ensuing compensatory strategies. For the present case study of paranoia, this involved defects in long-term memory, conceptual ability, and compensatory strategies of confabulation and self-referential orientation. Neuropsychological testing established defects in concept formation tasks including the Raven Progressive Matrices, the Leiter International Performance Scale, and the Wisconsin Card Sortingtest, as well as long-term memory defects where cognitive reorganization was needed. The paranoid process was understood as a product of disorder...
The Effects of a Maternal Model on Young Children's Tactual Curiosity.

Summary Forty-eight 4- to 6-year-old children were randomly assigned to one of three maternal modeling treatment groups: MC–mother exhibits tactual curiosity with the experimental stimuli; MNC–mother stares ahead and exhibits no tactual curiosity with the stimuli; and C–mother interacts with another adult and exhibits no tactual curiosity with the stimuli. Results revealed that imitative tactual curiosity occurred significantly more frequently among MC children, particularly the boys. Further, nonimitative curiosity (other tactual encounters with the stimuli) occurred significantly less frequently among C children, particularly the girls. Interpretation of these and other findings emphasized the potential problem of familiar models exhibiting atypical behaviors and the assumption that girls would more readily detect such atypicality in their mother's behavior than would boys.
Interest in quitting and lifetime quit attempts among smokers living with HIV infection

Abstract Introduction Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among people living with HIV, and is associated with many negative health outcomes, including death. There is little research on smoking behaviors such as interest in quitting and lifetime quit attempts among smokers living with HIV. Existing research has focused on individual-level characteristics, to the neglect of social environmental characteristics. We explored individual- and social-level characteristics associated with interest in quitting and lifetime nicotine replacement (NRT) or medication use for smoking cessation. Methods Data are from a study of participants recruited from clinic and community venues originally designed to examine social environmental influences on current/former drug users’ HIV medication adherence and health outcomes. This analysis comprised 267 current smokers living with HIV. Chi-square tests were used to describe the sample; logistic regression was used to explore associations between covariates and outcomes. Results In adjusted analyses, older age (age 54–65: aOR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.59–13.47) and lifetime use of NRT/medications (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.08–3.80) were associated with an interest in quitting smoking. Additionally, older age (age 45–49: aOR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.57–7.26; age 54–65: aOR = 2.70 95% CI = 1.20–6.11), White race (aOR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.20–10.62), and having a Supporter who had used NRT/medications for cessation (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.05–4.29) were associated with lifetime NRT/medications use. Conclusions Findings corroborate prior research concerning individual-level characteristics, and indicate the importance of social-level characteristics in association with prior use of NRT/medications for cessation. Findings have implications for the implementation of cessation interventions for smokers living with HIV.
Esophageal dysfunction in Down's syndrome

Abnormalities in esophageal function were identified in seven children with Down's syndrome. Three had recurrent episodes of pneumonia from gastroesophageal reflux; two of these and one other patient had esophageal strictures. Two patients with Down's syndrome revealed no evidence of gastroesophageal reflux but did show significant abnormalities in esophageal peristalsis. These data would suggest that ambulatory children with Down's syndrome may be at risk of developing serious sequellae of gastroesophageal reflux. The spectrum of data of these seven patients is discussed, and pertinent prior reports from the literature are reviewed.
Tool Temperature in Titanium Drilling

The spatial and temporal distribution of tool temperature in drilling of commercially pure titanium is studied using the inverse heat transfer method. The chisel and cutting edges of a spiral point drill are treated as a series of elementary cutting tools. Using the oblique cutting analysis of the measured thrust force and torque, the forces and frictional heat generation on elementary cutting tools are calculated. Temperatures measured by thermocouples embedded on the drill flank face are used as the input for the inverse heat transfer analysis to calculate the heat partition factor between the drill and chip. The temperature distribution of the drill is solved by the finite element method and validated by experimental measurements with good agreement. For titanium drilling, the drill temperature is high. At 24.4 m/min and 73.2 m/min drill peripheral cutting speed, the peak temperature of the drill reaches 480°C and 1060°C, respectively, after 12.7 mm depth of drilling with 0.025 mm feed per cutting tooth. The steady increase of drill temperature versus drilling time is investigated.
Polarized packaging of bacteriophage lambda chromosomes.

Abstract Packaging of chromosomes during lytic growth of cohesive end-site (cos site) duplication strains of phage lambda is strikingly asymmetric; the duplication segment is generally at the left chromosome end (Emmons, 1974). In the present study, the packaging of non-replicating cos duplication chromosomes is shown to be similarly asymmetric. It is, therefore, likely that the packaging process itself is polarized, in an A to R direction. This conclusion is based on the study of packaging of repressed prophage chromosomes of dilysogenic strains of Escherichia coli by a heteroimmune helper. In these strains one of the two prophages contains a cos duplication (see Fig. 2). The frequency with which helper-packaged chromosomes carry the cos duplication segment agrees well with expectations derived from lytically grown phage. Haploid segregants are produced from the cos duplication strain at a lower level (35%) during lytic growth than during packaging of repressed prophage chromosomes (50%). This is expected if chromosomes are packaged processively (in sequence) during lytic growth. Packaging of repressed cos triplication chromosomes by a heteroimmune helper also yields a distribution of haploid and duplication chromosomes that agrees with expectations from lytically grown cos duplication phage and the assumption that the initial cutting of a cos site to initiate a packaging sequence is made at random. Polarized, processive packaging and random initial cutting are elements of a model of lambda chromosome packaging proposed by Emmons (1974), for which our experiments provide support.
Testing and validation of orbital operations plans for the MESSENGER mission

Launched in 2004, the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft continues on its journey to become, in 2011, the first spacecraft to orbit the planet Mercury. The goal of MESSENGER's one-year orbital mission is to answer several key questions about the structure and history of Mercury and its environment. The science and mission operations teams are testing a concept of operations to use the instrument payload most efficiently and to achieve full mission success. To ensure that all essential observations are obtained and to allow for contingencies, an advance science planning (ASP) effort will develop the full yearlong mission baseline plan prior to orbit insertion. To ensure that the plan can be adapted in response to unexpected events over time, an adjusted baseline plan will be regenerated in the ASP process every five weeks during the actual orbital mission. The near-term science planning (NTSP) activity converts weeklong portions of the baseline plan into executable commands to conduct the orchestrated observations. A feedback process from NTSP to ASP will be used to ensure that the baseline observing plan accounts for and reschedules any unsuccessful observations. A testing and validation plan has been developed for the processes and software that underlie both advance and near-term science planning.
Communication-Garden System: Visualizing a computer-mediated communication process

Archives of computer-mediated communication (CMC) could be valuable organizational resources. Most CMC archive systems focus on presenting one of the three aspects of a CMC community: discussion content, participants' behavior, or social networks among participants. Very few CMC archive systems support the easy integration of these three aspects. This paper thus describes two-phase research to propose an automatic approach that facilitates users' integrated understanding of discussion content and behavior of CMC participants. We validated the approach through the development and evaluation of a prototype system, the Communication-Garden system.
Measurement of the multiphonon decay rate from the /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ level in erbium-doped silica, multicomponent silicate, tellurite and fluoride fibers

Summary form only given. With the advent of high powered semiconductor lasers, pump multiplexers, and fiber lasers, the maximum signal output of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) is no longer limited by the availability of pump power. One of the key limitations in 980 nm pumped EDFA is the finite lifetime (/spl tau//sub 32/) of the /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ level of an Er/sup 3+/ ion. This is especially important now in multi-component glasses delivered for gain flattering. While the efficiency of 1480 nm pumped amplifiers is not affected by this lifetime, 980 nm pumped EDFAs, which are necessary to achieve the lowest noise figure, are subject to lifetime constrained efficiency. A direct lifetime measurement of the /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/-/sup 4/I/sub 13/2/ transition in various erbium-doped fibers is reported. Using a time resolved fluorescence technique, the /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ multiphonon relaxation rates of this transition were determined from the risetime of the /sup 4/I/sub 13/2/ fluorescence.
New Metrics for Pit Shape Characterization

Currently a variety of approaches are used to match stress concentration factors with corrosion pit geometry. The majority of these approaches use standardized stress concentration factors, such as concentration factors for circles or ellipses, to estimate the maximum stress values along the pit front. These factors are based on regular geometric shapes. Pits that form in a microstructure are influenced by the individual grains surrounding the pit. These pits often do not have simple shapes. Use of standardized geometric factors do not capture the geometric complexity of the pit. Rather than a single parameter, such as a the aspect ratio of an ellipse, multiple parameters may be required to define the extent and variation in localized curvature along a pit front within a microstructure. Maximum depth and curvature are just two possible candidate metrics. In addition the authors looked to the medical field for potential metrics to adequately describe the convoluted nature of the pit front. Several methods have been developed to mathematically define the serpentine twists in diseased retinal blood vessels. In this work the authors present a methodology for determining characteristics including tortuosity of computationally predicted pit shapes embedded in microstructures. Ultimately it is hoped that maximum curvature, pit tortuosity and other geometric based metrics can be combined to predict the maximum rise in stress associated with a pit embedded in a microstructure.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Relationships between work-home segmentation and psychological detachment from work: The role of communication technology use at home.

Employees can have difficulty mentally distancing themselves from work during off-job time due to increasing use of communication technologies (e.g., e-mail, cell phone, etc.). However, psychological detachment from work during nonwork time is important for employee recovery and health. This study examined several antecedents of psychological detachment: work-home segmentation preference, perceived segmentation norm, and the use of communication technology at home. Results indicate that segmentation preference and segmentation norm were positively associated with psychological detachment. Further, technology use at home partially mediated these relationships. Findings indicate that segmenting work and nonwork roles can help employees detach and recover from work demands. In addition, findings show that the segmentation norm within a work group is associated with employee experiences outside of work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).
The evolution of differential scanning calorimetry: a review

Abstract The evolution of the popular and important techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has now progressed through two decades of development and application. DSC has brought to the scientific community many timesaving analytical procedures as well as the ability to accurately assign many thermophyslcal properties of materials. The development of the technology associated with the construction and manufacturing of DSC sample holders and microfurnaces has been a continuous one. However, the ever-increasing degree of computerization of the DSC technique has led to improved hardware performance and awesome data storage, manipulation, and reduction capabilities. This paper will review the development of the differential scanning calorimetric technique from the early 1960's to its present state.