cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia from an unaffected HLA-genotype-identical sibling selected using preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

The only proven cure for Fanconi anemia (FA)-associated bone marrow failure is successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, HSCT with donors other than HLA-identical siblings is associated with high morbidity and poor survival. Therefore, we used preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to select an embryo produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) that was unaffected by FA and was HLA-identical to the proband. The patient was a 6-year-old girl with FA and myelodysplasia previously treated with oxymetholone and prednisone. After her parents underwent 5 cycles of IVF with intrauterine transfer of 7 embryos over a span of 4 years, successful pregnancy ensued. Twenty-eight days after delivery, the patient underwent transplantation with her newborn sibling donor's HLA-identical umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Neutrophil recovery occurred on day 17 without subsequent acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease. Currently, 2.5 years after transplantation, the patient is well and hematopoiesis is normal. In summary, we have described the first successful transplantation, using IVF and PGD, of HSCs from a donor selected on the basis of specific, desirable disease and HLA characteristics. The medical, legal, and ethical issues involved with this approach are discussed. (Blood. 2004;103:1147-1151)
The neglect of police unions: exploring one of the most important areas of American policing

Police unions are widely recognized as having a major influence on American policing, with respect to day‐to‐day management, disciplinary procedures, and police–community relations. Despite this important influence, however, police scholars have neglected police unions. The reasons for this neglect are not clear, as scholars have investigated other highly sensitive police issues such as the use of excessive force and corruption. This paper examines the most important dimensions of the impact of unions on policing and outlines an agenda for future research.
eIF4E: New Family Members, New Binding Partners, New Roles

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) has long been known as the cap-binding protein that participates in recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome. A number of recent advances have not only increased our understanding of how eIF4E acts in translation but also uncovered non-translational roles. New structures have been determined for eIF4E in complex with various ligands and for other cap-binding proteins. We have also learned that most eukaryotic organisms express multiple eIF4E family members, some involved in general translation but others having specialized functions, including repression of translation. A number of new eIF4E-binding proteins have been reported, some of which tether it to specific mRNAs.
Relative information content of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder, and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit and the Mi

This paper compares simulated radiances and Jacobians for the ATMS and the AMSU/MHS. Results from a simple relative information content study are also presented
China’s View of the West, A Comparison of the Historical Geographies of Wei Yuan and Xu Jiyu

Wei Yuan and Xu Jiyu, civil servants in mid 19th century China, were deeply disturbed by British expansion into Asia. On the theory that one should know one's enemies, both wrote pioneer historical geographies designed to introduce Chinese officials to the sources of Western power. They both made extensive use of missionary sources; however, there were significant differences between the works of Wei and Xu. Wei never abandoned the Middle Kingdom concept whereas Xu came to realize that the West had developed its own civilization, and he encouraged China's development of trade and commerce, especially in Southeast Asia. Wei and Xu's works circulated among a small number of Chinese officials on China's east coast, but it was not until after China's defeat in the Opium War, 1839-42, and the near over throw of the Qing dynasty by the Taipings that the works were reprinted and served as introductions to the West. Resume Wei Yuan et Xu Jiyu, fonctionnaires en Chine au milieu du 19eme siecle furent profondement marques par l’expansion britannique en Asie. Partants du principe que l’on doit connaitre son ennemi, les deux hommes firent œuvre de pionnier en redigeant des geographies historiques destines a introduire les officiels chinois a ce qu’ils voyaient comme les racines du pouvoir occidental. Tous deux firent ample usage de sources missionnaires ; mais il y eut egalement d’importantes differences entre le travail de Wei et celui de Xu. Wei ne renonca jamais au concept de l’Empire du Milieu alors que Xu realisa que l’Occident avait developpe sa propre civilisation et encouragea des lors le commerce et les echanges de la Chine, avec le sud-est asiatique en particulier. Les travaux de Wei et de Xu circulerent parmi un nombre restreint d’officiers chinois sur la cote est de la Chine, et ce n’est qu’avec la defaite chinoise durant les Guerres d’Opium en 1839-40 et le quasi-renversement de la dynastie Qing par les Taiping que leur travaux furent reimprimes et servirent d’introduction a l’Occident.
Early Hyperglycemic Control is Important in Critically Injured Trauma Patients

Background:Our objectives were to determine whether persistent hyperglycemia when compared with normoglycemia was predictive of outcome in the later stages of hospitalization in critically injured trauma patients.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 896 consecutive trauma patients admitted t
Mars Ascent Vehicle Flight Analysis

The scientific objective of the mars Surveyor Program 2005 mission is to return Mars rock, soil, and atmospheric samples to Earth for detailed analysis. The present invesitgation focuses on design of Mars Ascent Vehicle for this mission. Aerodynamic, aerothermodynamic, and trajectory design considerations are addresses to assess the ascent configuration, determine aerodynamic stability, characterize thermal protection system requirements, and ascertain the required system mass. Aerodynamic analysis reveals a subsonic static instability with the baseline configuration; However, stability with the baseline configuration; however, stability augmentation options are proposed to mitigate this problem. The ascent aerothermodynamic environment is shown to be benign (on the order of the sea-level boiling point of water on Earth). As a result of these low thermal and pressure loads, a lightweight, low rigidity material can be employed as the aftbody aerodynamic shroud. The required nominal MAV lift-off mass is 426 kg for a December 2006 equatorial launch into a 300-km circular obrbit with 30-degree inclination. Off-nominal aerodynamic and atmospheric conditions are shown to increase this liftoff mass by approximately 10 percent. Through performance of these analyses, the Mars Ascent Vehicle is deemed feasible with respect to the current mission mass and size constraints.
Upper tropospheric ozone derived from the cloud slicing technique: Implications for large‐scale convection

[1] This study evaluates the spatial distributions and seasonal cycles in upper tropospheric ozone (pressure range 200–500 hPa) from low to high latitudes (60°S to 60°N) derived from the satellite retrieval method called “cloud slicing.” The cloud slicing method determines ozone profile information in the troposphere by combining colocated measurements of cloud top pressure and above-cloud column ozone. Measurements of Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) above-cloud column ozone and Nimbus 7 Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) cloud top pressure during 1979–1984 were merged to derive upper tropospheric ozone. Because of large footprint measurements from TOMS (∼100 km diameter on average), upper tropospheric ozone derived from cloud slicing coincides with large-scale convection events. These events are not necessarily representative of average atmospheric conditions in regions near and poleward of the tropospheric wind jets (around ±30° latitude), especially in winter and spring seasons when dynamical wave activity in the troposphere and lower stratosphere is most intense. The cloud slicing method with Nimbus 7 geometry in any case provides a unique opportunity to investigate the behavior of upper tropospheric ozone under condition of intense broad-scale convection. In the tropics the measured upper tropospheric ozone shows year-round enhancement in the Atlantic region and evidence of a possible semiannual variability. Outside the tropics, upper tropospheric ozone from cloud slicing shows greatest abundance in winter and spring seasons in both hemispheres with largest variance and largest amounts in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle behavior under conditions of intense convection is different from general ozonesonde climatology which shows instead upper tropospheric ozone maximizing around early to middle summer months. The seasonal cycles and spatial characteristics in upper tropospheric ozone from cloud slicing are similar to lower stratospheric ozone. It is suggested that the large-scale convection events with cloud slicing coincide with an occurrence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE).
Occupational exposure to an oil mist atmosphere. A 12-year mortality study.

A 12-year epidemiologic study of an oil mist exposure was conducted at a metropolitan newspaper plant. Mortality patterns for 778 pressmen who were occupationally exposed, and an unexposed control group of 1,207 compositors were compared. The factors considered included age, duration of employment at the plant, study years, and cause(s) of death. For as yet unestablished reasons, significantly higher death rates were found among pressmen first employed at ≥ 40 years of age, and at ≥ 20 years of employment at this plant, as compared with compositors. No significant differences in death rates, however, were found for the groups first employed at < 40 years of age (including those who worked at this plant for ≥ 20 years), viz, 585 out of 778 pressmen (75%) and 634 out of 1,207 compositors (53%).
Rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in tube-fed patients with pharyngeal dysphagia secondary to abnormal UES opening

Background & Aims: We evaluated the effect of a novel rehabilitative exercise on restoration of deglutition in a group of patients with deglutitive failure caused by abnormal upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening manifested by postswallow residue and aspiration necessitating percutaneous tube feeding. Methods: We studied a total of 27 patients by videofluoroscopy and functional assessment of swallowing scores before and after 6 weeks of a head-raising exercise program. Seven of 27 patients, assigned randomly, participated in a sham exercise before entering the tested exercise program. Eleven of 27 were randomized to the real exercise program. Results: Although there was no change in swallow function and biomechanics after the sham exercise, following 6 weeks of real exercise, all 11 patients exhibited a significant improvement in their UES opening, anterior laryngeal excursion (P < 0.01), as well as resolution of postdeglutitive aspiration and were able to resume oral feeding. Similar results were found when the 7 patients in the sham group were crossed over to the real exercise group. Comparison of before and after exercise values for anteroposterior UES opening (P < 0.01) and laryngeal anterior excursion (P < 0.05), as well as functional outcome assessment of swallowing (P < 0.05) in the entire group of 27 patients also showed significant improvement. Etiology and duration of dysphagia did not affect the outcome. Conclusions: The proposed suprahyoid muscle strengthening exercise program is effective in restoring oral feeding in some patients with deglutitive failure because of abnormal UES opening.
Continuous precipitation polymerization of vinylidene fluoride in supercritical carbon dioxide: Formation of polymers with bimodal molecular weight distributions

The polymerization of vinylidene fluoride in supercritical carbon dioxide was studied in a continuous stirred tank reactor using diethylperoxydicarbonate as the free radical initiator. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of inlet monomer concentration, temperature, average residence time, and agitation on the polymerization rate, the average molecular weights, and the molecular weight distribution of the poly(vinylidene fluoride). A homogeneous kinetic model that includes inhibition due to chain transfer to monomer predicted the polymerization rates reasonably well. However, imperfect mixing, rather than a chemical effect, may have caused the apparent inhibition observed at high monomer concentrations. At inlet monomer concentrations greater than about 1.5 M, broad and bimodal molecular weight distributions were observed. An extended homogeneous kinetic model that includes chain transfer to polymer predicted the polydispersities reasonably well. This model also predicted a region of ino...
A MARKET UTILITY-BASED MODEL FOR CAPACITY SCHEDULING IN MASS SERVICES

Only a small set of employee scheduling articles have considered an objective of profit or contribution maximization, as opposed to the traditional objective of cost (including opportunity costs) minimization. In this article, we present one such formulation that is a market utility-based model for planning and scheduling in mass services (MUMS). MUMS is a holistic approach to market-based service capacity scheduling. The MUMS framework provides the structure for modeling the consequences of aligning competitive priorities and service attributes with an element of the firm's service infrastructure. We developed a new linear programming formulation for the shift-scheduling problem that uses market share information generated by customer preferences for service attributes. The shift-scheduling formulation within the framework of MUMS provides a business-level model that predicts the economic impact of the employee schedule. We illustrated the shift-scheduling model with empirical data, and then compared its results with models using service standard and productivity standard approaches. The result of the empirical analysis provides further justification for the development of the market-based approach. Last, we discuss implications of this methodology for future research.
A factor analysis of the California Test of Personality--secondary level.

Sought to dertermine the construct validity of the California Test of Personality–Secondary Level to ascretain whether 12 components (factors) of personality as theorized by test authors are separate and meaningful (N = 1,800). Sience personality assessment instruments are essantil tools for those who study human behavior it is recognized that the usefulness of these in struments is related directly to their validity. The findings of this study indicate that the 180 item of the CTP are represented better as a 9-factor construct. Thirty-one percent of test items load significantly on 2 or more factors, and 10% of the test items do not contribute in a meaningful way to any one component (factor).
Adsorption of carbon monoxide on tungsten (210)

Abstract Thermal desorption spectra taken after adsorption of carbon monoxide at room temperature on W(210) show sequential formation with increasing coverage of strongly bound β 2 and β 1 binding states, correlated to the sequential formation of P(2 × 1) and (1 × 1) adsorbate structures as observed by LEED. Adsorption at room temperature gives a poorly ordered arrangement of adsorbed CO molecules, but well-ordered structures are produced by subsequent anneal. For adsorption without anneal the work function increases monotonically with coverage to a maximum of Δφ = + 0.70 eV at saturation coverage of 1 monolayer. For adsorption followed by anneal the work function dependence upon coverage is less simple, with even a decrease of work function at coverages less than a quarter monolayer. LEED intensity-voltage measurements from P(2 × 1)CO and P(2 × 1)N structures suggest that CO molecules occupy the sites of 4-fold symmetry upon which nitrogen is believed to be adsorbed. The distinction between the β 2 and β 1 states of adsorbed CO is attributed to heterogeneity induced by the reduction in binding energy of a CO molecule when its nearest-neighbor sites are occupied.
Surface Effects of Space Radiation on Silicon Devices

Experimental study indicates that a significant contribution to the radiation-sensitivity of certain contemporary silicon planar transistors is caused by space-charge modifications in the oxide surface region. Certain silicon planar transistors, which are inherently passivated and protected by a silicon dioxide surface layer, have been found to realize appreciable degradation after exposure to space-type ionizing radiation. The model of radiation surface-effects proposed in the literature claims the radiation-induced ionization of the ambient gas of the transistor to be the major cause of transistor radiation-sensitivity. Contrary to this model, silicon planar transistors irradiated in an ultra-high vacuum environment realize comparable changes in electrical charactw. istics to those silicon planar transistors irradiated in gaseous ambients. Since the degradation occurs at radiation doses as low as 104 rads and is dependent upon the polarity and magnitude of electrical bias, it has been determined to be a surfa. ce effect. In order to study the effects of radiation on the silicon-silicon dioxide interface, a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure was used. From the capacitance versus voltage characteristics of irradiated MOS transistors it has been confirmed that a major contribution to the radiation-surface degradation in silicon planar devices is the buildup of positive space charge in the silicon dioxide films covering the silicon-device surfaces. This space charge is mobile and able to drift by motion in electric fields. This positive charge can be accumulated at certain areas of the surface causing the silicon surf ace to have a tendency to go n type.
Attitudes of Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome Towards Noninvasive Prenatal Testing

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) allows for highly sensitive detection of Down syndrome early in pregnancy with no risk of miscarriage, therefore potentially increasing the number of pregnancies identified with Down syndrome. This study assesses how mothers of children with Down syndrome perceive NIPT, especially the impact they think it will have on their families and other families with children who have Down syndrome. Seventy-three self-reported mothers of children with Down syndrome responded to an anonymous online survey emailed to, and posted on, message boards of various Down syndrome support groups and networks. Data analysis included chi-square tests and thematic analysis. Fifty-nine percent of respondents indicated they would use NIPT in the future; respondents who had not used prenatal testing in the past were significantly less likely to report interest in using NIPT in the future than those who had prenatal testing previously (p < .001). Many respondents felt NIPT could lead to increased terminations (88 %), increased social stigma (57 %), and decreased availability of services for individuals with Down syndrome (64 %). However, only 16 % believed availability of new noninvasive tests would be the most important factor in determining the number of pregnancies with Down syndrome terminated in the future. Additionally, 48 % believed health care providers give biased or incorrect information about Down syndrome at the time of diagnosis, and 24 % felt this incorrect information leads to terminations of pregnancies affected with Down syndrome. Results suggest although mothers of children with Down syndrome believe new noninvasive testing will lead to an increase in termination of pregnancies with Down syndrome, they do not think it is the MOST important factor. They also highlight the need to provide a diagnosis of Down syndrome in a balanced and objective manner.
The Advanced Tokamak

We disagree with Alexander J. Glass's assertion (Letters, 19 June, p. [1817][1]) that the tokamak must be as large as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) to achieve sustained thermonuclear burn and that this does not bode well for the tokamak as a potential power-plant concept. In fact, recent advances worldwide indicate that smaller tokamak power plants should be feasible. In current, few-second experiments, heat transport within the plasma has been reduced by suppressing turbulence, plasma pressure limits have been increased, the potential for steady-state operation by naturally driven currents has been demonstrated, and concerns about handling exhaust heat have been mitigated. Integrating and extending these advances toward steady state is now a focus of international tokamak research. With such advanced tokamak physics, a smaller ITER, now being pursued internationally, would likely produce sustained plasma burn, and the tokamak power plant of the future becomes much more attractive. After several decades of intensively competitive research on a broad range of magnetic fusion concepts, the tokamak emerged and matured into the only concept that is ready to produce the plasma conditions required to explore the next fusion science frontier, the physics of sustained burning plasmas. This is not to say that other concepts should not be investigated. On the contrary, they should be pursued to further optimize fusion power systems; physics understanding is transferable both ways. Our conclusion is that a strong experimental and computational tokamak research program with a healthy alternative concept program is the optimum fusion research strategy. We strongly support the international construction of a tokamak burning plasma experiment as soon as possible. Fusion research is ready to enter the burning plasma era. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.280.5371.1815d
Procedure for provisional prosthesis characterization

Clinicians often are asked to provide natural-looking provisional restorations, despite the brief duration of their use. Characterization can be accomplished internally with a layering technique1 used during the fabrication of the provisional restoration and/or externally with the use of surface stain kits.2 Internal characterization is not always predictable, as the different layers tend to be displaced during processing procedures. External stains frequently contain volatile thinners that evaporate prematurely from their containers. Blending such stains over facial surfaces can be a challenge. This tip presents an efficient and predictable chairside/laboratory procedure for characterizing provisional restorations with external stains. The use of volatile solvents frequently found in commercial characterizing kits is eliminated. The liquid used in this technique provides a stable vehicle for stains while imparting a glaze that gives the provisional restoration a natural appearance.
Review of agriculture and agri-food sector performance in the Chinese economy

This paper investigates the specific performance of agriculture and agri food sector in Chinese economy during the reform period 1978-2002. China has made significant progress in agriculture and agri food sector and achieved self-sufficiency in food supply during this period. Technology advancement, institutional arrangement and government policies have played important roles in China's agriculture and agri food sector, in its efforts to make food available its the entire population. Chinese government policies allocated more resources for research, and development as well as utilized modern, advanced farming technologies and inputs. China encouraged the development of export-oriented agriculture and food processing industry to convert raw farm products to value added finished consumer products. This has been a powerful tool for economic development in the country. Keywords : agriculture, agri food industry, China, performance Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(1) 2004: 82-87
Head trauma--a parametric dynamic study.

Abstract A mathematical elastodynamic model, Baseline I, consisting of eleven degrees of freedom and describing the human skull, brain, spinal cord, neck, arms and torso as a system of discrete masses, linear translational and torsional springs has been developed. Forced response solutions to the governing equations of motion, which contain selected nonlinear terms, are carried out on the IBM 7094 computer. A parametric study of the effects of location and force-time history of a blow to the head and variations in.neck stiffness was conducted. The significance of these perturbations is determined by comparison with selected response measures.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Bile Aspiration in Idiopathic Pancreatitis Carries a Significant Risk of Bile Peritonitis

Background: Direct microscopic examination of bile for the presence of microlithiasis is often performed during the evaluation of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis. Bile sampled
Amyloid protein precursor messenger RNAs: differential expression in Alzheimer's disease

In situ hybridization was used to assess total amyloid protein precursor (APP) messenger RNA and the subset of APP mRNA containing the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) insert in 11 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 7 control brains. In AD, a significant twofold increase was observed in total APP mRNA in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons but not in hippocampal subicular neurons, neurons of the basis pontis, or occipital cortical neurons. The increase in total APP mRNA in locus ceruleus and nucleus basalis neurons was due exclusively to an increase in APP mRNA lacking the KPI domain. These findings suggest that increased production of APP lacking the KPI domain in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons may play an important role in the deposition of cerebral amyloid that occurs in AD.
The coordinated increased expression of biliverdin reductase and heme oxygenase-2 promotes cardiomyocyte survival: a reductase-based peptide counters β-adrenergic receptor ligand-mediated cardiac dysfunction

HO-2 oxidizes heme to CO and biliverdin; the latter is reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase (BVR). In addition, HO-2 is a redox-sensitive K/Ca2-associated protein, and BVR is an S/T/Y kinase. The two enzymes are components of cellular defense mechanisms. This is the first reporting of regulation of HO-2 by BVR and that their coordinated increase in isolated myocytes and intact heart protects against cardiotoxicity of β-adrenergic receptor activation by isoproterenol (ISO). The induction of BVR mRNA, protein, and activity and HO-2 protein was maintained for ≥96 h; increase in HO-1 was modest and transient. In isolated cardiomyocytes, experiments with cycloheximide, proteasome inhibitor MG-132, and siBVR suggested BVR-mediated stabilization of HO-2. In both models, activation of BVR offered protection against the ligand's stimulation of apoptosis. Two human BVR-based peptides known to inhibit and activate the reductase, KKRILHC281 and KYCCSRK296, respectively, were tested in the intact heart. Perfusion of the heart with the inhibitory peptide blocked ISO-mediated BVR activation and augmented apoptosis; conversely, perfusion with the activating peptide inhibited apoptosis. At the functional level, peptide-mediated inhibition of BVR was accompanied by dysfunction of the left ventricle and decrease in HO-2 protein levels. Perfusion of the organ with the activating peptide preserved the left ventricular contractile function and was accompanied by increased levels of HO-2 protein. Finding that BVR and HO-2 levels, myocyte apoptosis, and contractile function of the heart can be modulated by small human BVR-based peptides offers a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiac dysfunctions.—Ding, B., Gibbs, P. E. M., Brookes, P. S., Maines, M. D. The coordinated increased expression of biliverdin reductase and heme oxygenase-2 promotes cardiomyocyte survival; a reductase-based peptide counters β-adrenergic receptor ligand-mediated cardiac dysfunction.
Determination of the HLA-DM Interaction Site on HLA-DR Molecules

Abstract HLA-DM removes CLIP and other loosely bound peptides from MHC class II molecules. The crystal structures of class II molecules and of HLA-DM have not permitted identification of their interaction sites. Here, we describe mutations in class II that impair interactions with DM. Libraries of randomly mutagenized DR3 α and β chains were screened for their ability to cause cell surface accumulation of CLIP/DR3 complexes in EBV-B cells. Seven mutations were associated with impaired peptide loading in vivo, as detected by SDS stability assays. In vitro, these mutant DR3 molecules were resistant to DM-catalyzed CLIP release and showed reduced binding to DM. All mutations localize to a single lateral face of HLA-DR, which we propose interacts with DM during peptide exchange.
Thermal Properties Study of a Solar Water Heater Tank with a Mantle Exchanger

The development and use of renewable energy sources and technologies are becoming vital for the management of energy supply and demand. For development solar water heaters, the incentive programs are supported by the Algerian government to generalize the using of this kind of energy especially in Sahara. This study is a part of program to develop a new solar water heater in UDES (Algeria). In this research work, the thermal performance of a solar water heater with a mantle heat exchanger is investigated numerically using Comsol Multyphysics software. The objective is to investigate the influence of the mantle heat exchanger thickness on the performance of solar water heaters. The results show, for 160 liters capacity of the solar water heaters tank, the 13mm of the heat exchanger thickness leads to improve the efficiency of the solar water heater.
The melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: Report of two cases and review of the literature

The melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare childhood neoplasm with an alarming but classical clinical presentation. It appears as a rapidly enlarging mass in the jaws of skull of infants and unless MNTI is considered in the differential diagnosis, the lesion can easily be mistaken for a malignant neoplasm. Although possessing an aggressive growth rate and radiographic appearance, the MNTI almost always behaves in a benign fashion and can be treated with local excision. However, recent reports of malignant behavior as well as of occasional recurrences make close follow-up important. Approximately 139 cases of the MNTI have been reviewed and tabulated with respect to age at discovery, sex, tumor location, length of follow-up, and whether recurrence occurred, 2 additional cases, 1 of which was in the mandible, are presented along with theories of origin and recommended therapy.
Generation of groups of square-free order

Algorithms are described for the enumeration and recognition of groups whose order is a product of distinct primes. The focus is on providing access to isomorphism classes of such groups by computing representatives as needed rather than storing a large database of precomputed groups.
Facile preparation of chloromethylaryl solid supports using methanesulfonyl chloride and Hunig\'s base

Abstract Several commercially available hydroxymethylaryl resins were converted to their corresponding chloromethyl analogs by simple treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and Hunig's base in DMF at 25 °C over 3 days. This mild method gave quantitative conversions as determined by elemental analysis and 13C NMR.
Lack of tolerance to cyclopropane and cross-tolerance to halothane in rats

Cyclopropane requirement (MAC) in rats was determined before, during, and after repeated exposure to anaesthetic concentrations of cyclopropane and halothane for one hour every day for 20 and 30 days, respectively. MAC values during and after exposure ranged from 93 to 103 per cent (mean = 99 per cent) of control values, which indicates a lack of significant tolerance to cyclopropane or a cross-tolerance between cyclopropane and halothane.
Genome-scale profiling of gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: Classification, survival prediction, and identification of therapeutic targets

The heterogeneous nature of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has hampered both treatment and prognostic predictions. Gene expression profiles of human HCC were analyzed to define the molecular characteristics of the tumors and to test the prognostic value of the expression profiles. By applying global gene expression analyses, including unsupervised and supervised methods, 2 distinctive subclasses of HCC that were highly homogeneous for both the underlying biology and the clinical outcome were discovered. Tumors from the low survival subclass had strong cell proliferation and antiapoptosis gene expression signatures. In addition, the low survival subclass displayed higher expression of genes involved in ubiquitination and sumoylation, suggesting an etiologic involvement of these processes in accelerating the progression of HCC. Genes most strongly associated with survival were identified by using the Cox proportional hazards survival analysis. This approach identified a limited number of genes that accurately predicted the length of survival and provided new molecular insights into the pathogenesis of HCC. Future studies will evaluate potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets identified during the global gene expression studies. Furthermore, cross-species similarity of gene expression patterns will also allow prioritization of a long list of genes obtained from human gene expression profiling studies and focus on genes whose expression is altered during tumorigenesis in both species.
Stroke Prevention: Carotid Intervention Based on Catheter Angiography versus Noninvasive Vascular Imaging

Historically, imaging evaluation before carotid revascularization by endarterectomy or stenting has relied on targeting the cervical carotid using catheter angiography as the gold standard. This approach underestimates the anatomic and functional importance of the brain as the target organ by focusing the decision-making process on an isolated segment of the circulation. Since revascularization alternatives have been expanded to include the more proximal aortic and more distal intracranial circulations, it is essential to image the vascular tree from the heart to the brain. Equally important is accurate clinical correlation and functional imaging correlation, so that unnecessary surgery is avoided and there is no lost opportunity for stroke prevention.
Surface tension and surface modes in semi-infinite lattices☆

Abstract A free surface may be created in a crystal by starting with an infinite crystal and removing all interactions between particles on one side of the boundary and those on the other side. In general, the particles near the surface must move to new equilibrium positions and the force constants characterizing small oscillations of these particles will be different from those of the infinite crystal. Explicit calculations are presented of the new equilibrium positions in a semi-infinite, one-dimensional monatomic lattice with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions including an anharmonic interaction between nearest neighbors at the free end. The appearance of surface modes of vibration due to the changed force constants at the boundary is investigated in detail for a semi-infinite, one-dimensional monatomic lattice with nearest and next-nearest neighbor harmonic interactions. conditions of stability for such a lattice are established. In addition, the influence of a free surface on the localized mode due to a force-constant imperfection at some distance from the boundary is investigated.
Condorcet efficiency of two stage constant scoring rules

Previous research has developed a representation for the Condorcet efficiency of plurality and negative plurality rules on three candidates for large electorates under the impartial culture condition. This study considers the two stage voting rules on three candidates, plurality elimination and negative plurality elimination. A representation is obtained for the Condorcet efficiency of each for large electorates under impartial culture. The Condorcet efficiencies of both rules are equal and are shown to be substantially greater than the Condorcet efficiency of plurality and negative plurality.
Minimum-aberration two-level split-plot designs

The treatment-design portion of fractionated two-level split-plot designs is associated with a subset of the 2 n–k fractional factorial designs. The concept of aberration is then extended to these splitplot designs to compare designs. Two methods are presented for constructing two-level minimumaberration split-plot designs, along with examples. An extensive catalog of such designs is tabulated. Extensions to prime-level designs and relations to inner-outer arrays are also presented.
Effect of cytoplasmic Ca2+ on (1,4,S)IP3 formation in vasopressinmactivated hepatocytes

The role of cytoplasmic calcium as a regulator of phospholipase C in vasopressin-activated hepatocytes was examined. According to models in which calcium spiking arises because of a positive feedback by calcium on phospholipase C, Ca2+ is seen as a positive modulator of phospholipase C under conditions of submaximal receptor activation. However, in hepatocytes whose precursor lipids had been labeled by incubation in [3H]-inositol, no increase in [3H]-(1,4,5)IP3 was detected in response to thapsigargin, in either unstimulated cells, or in cells stimulated with 1 nM vasopressin. Addition of a maximal concentration of vasopressin (1 microM) caused a rapid and substantial increase in [3H]-(1,4,5)IP3. These results indicate that changes in cytoplasmic calcium do not influence phospholipase C activity in hepatocytes, even under conditions of submaximal agonist activation. These findings also support models that provide for calcium spiking at constant levels of (1,4,5)IP3 at least in the case of the rat hepatocyte.
Detection of myristoyl CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase activity by ion-exchange chromatography

Abstract Several proteins of viral and cellular origins are myristoylated on an amino-terminal glycine residue during biosynthesis. The enzyme responsible for this modification, myristoyl CoA:protein N -myristoyl-transferase (NMT), can be measured in cell-free systems by following the transfer of [ 3 H]myristate from [ 3 H]myristoyl CoA to a synthetic peptide substrate. We report here a procedure for the analysis of NMT activity using ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose to separate [ 3 H]myristoyl peptide from radiolabeled reactants. This technique provides a convenient method for assaying multiple samples that is much more rapid and sensitive than procedures that rely on reversed-phase HPLC for the separation of reaction components. Characterization of this assay indicates that it is suitable for the kinetic analysis of NMT activity and for the rapid analysis of column fractions generated during the purification of NMT.
Carbon dioxide enrichment restrains the impact of drought on three maize hybrids differing in water stress tolerance in water stressed environments

Three maize genotypes were grown in controlled environment chambers with ambient (38 Pa) or elevated (70 Pa) carbon dioxide and water stress treatments were initiated 17 days after sowing. Shoot dry weight of the drought tolerant hybrid in both CO2 treatments was 44 to 73% less than that of the intermediate and sensitive hybrids when seedlings were well watered. Decreased shoot and root dry weights of the tolerant maize hybrid due to drought were about one-half that of the other two hybrids. Genotypic differences were observed in decreases of soil water content, leaf water potential, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to drought. Eleven of 19 amino acids measured in this study increased, methionine was unchanged and alanine and aspartate decreased in response to drought in the ambient CO2 treatment. Increased amino acid levels under elevated CO2 were observed at the end of the experiment. Significant genotypic differences were detected for amino acid responses to drought. Effects of drought on all three genotypes were mitigated by CO2 enrichment. Decreased shoot growth likely improved the stress tolerance of a highly drought resistant maize hybrid by reducing moisture loss, improving soil moisture content and increasing leaf water potential.
Thromboelastography during Adult Donor Care

Thromboelastography is a test of blood coagulation used to evaluate all components of clot formation and possible abnormal clot dissolution. It supplements traditional laboratory testing by demonstrating the integration of coagulation factors, platelets (number and function), and other factors during coagulation. Analysis of abnormalities demonstrated by thromboelastography can guide organ procurement coordinators in titrating appropriate quantities of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, or platelet transfusions during treatment of coagulation in adult donors.
UNPCC: A Novel Unsupervised Classification Scheme for Network Intrusion Detection

The development of effective classification techniques, particularly unsupervised classification, is important for real-world applications since information about the training data before classification is relatively unknown. In this paper, a novel unsupervised classification algorithm is proposed to meet the increasing demand in the domain of network intrusion detection. Our proposed UNPCC (Unsupervised Principal Component Classifier) algorithm is a multi-class unsupervised classifier with absolutely no requirements for any a priori class related data information (e.g., the number of classes and the maximum number of instances belonging to each class), and an inherently natural supervised classification scheme, both which present high detection rates and several operational advantages (e.g., lower training time, lower classification time, lower processing power requirement, and lower memory requirement). Experiments have been conducted with the KDD Cup 99 data and network traffic data simulated from our private network testbed, and the promising results demonstrate that our UNPCC algorithm outperforms several well-known supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms.
I-vectors for image classification

ABSTRACT Recent state-of-the-art work on speaker recognition and veri cation uses a simple factor analysis to derive alow-dimensional \total variability space" which simultaneously captures speaker and channel variability. Thisapproach simpli ed earlier work using joint factor analysis to separately model speaker and channel di erences.Here we adapt this \i-vector" method to image classi cation by replacing speakers with image categories, voicecuts with images, and cepstral features with SURF local descriptors, and where the role of channel variabilityis attributed to di erences in image backgrounds or lighting conditions. A Universal Gaussian mixture model(UGMM) is trained (unsupervised) on SURF descriptors extracted from a varied and extensive image corpus.Individual images are modeled by additively perturbing the supervector of stacked means of this UGMM bythe product of a low-rank total variability matrix (TVM) and a normally distributed hidden random vector,X . The TVM is learned by applying an EM algorithm to maximize the sum of log-likelihoods of descriptorsextracted from training images, where the likelihoods are computed with respect to the GMM obtained byperturbing the UGMM means via the TVM as above, and leaving UGMM covariances unchanged. Finally,the low-dimensional i-vector representation of an image is the expected value of the posterior distribution ofX conditioned on the image's descriptors, and is computed via straighforward matrix manipulations involvingthe TVM and image-speci c Baum-Welch statistics. We compare classi cation rates found with (i) i-vectors (ii)PCA (iii) Discriminant Attribute Projection (the last two trained on Gaussian MAP-adapted supervector imagerepresentations), and (iv) replacing the TVM with the the matrix of dominant PCA eigenvectors before i-vectorextraction.Keywords: Gaussian MAP-adapted supervectors, i-vectors, Fisher vectors, dimension reduction, factor analysis,total variability matrix, image classi cation, Gaussian mixture model, Baum-Welch statistics
Site placement uncertainty in location analysis

Location planning models for siting public and private facilities have traditionally been used to suggest where services should be placed. It is often impossible to strictly implement results due to land suitability, access, costs, etc. Given this, it is conceivable that each facility could actually be located some distance from the originally recommended location. In this paper we are interested in assessing the efficiency of a siting configuration under conditions of uncertainty. Inexact siting prescriptions are explored for the planar multi-facility location problem. Three planning problem applications are utilized in this analysis of sensitivity and inaccuracy in location modeling.
Does the Total Principle have any Repugnant Implications

On the Total Principle, the best state of affairs (ceteris paribus) is the one with the greatest net sum of welfare value. Parfit rejects this principle, because he believes that it implies the Repugnant Conclusion, the conclusion that for any large population of people, all with lives well worth living, there will be some much larger population whose existence would be better, even though its members all have lives that are only barely worth living. Recently, however, a number of philosophers have suggested that the Total Principle does not imply the Repugnant Conclusion provided that a certain axiological view (namely, the ‘Discontinuity View’) is correct. Nevertheless, as I point out, there are three different versions of the Repugnant Conclusion, and it appears that the Total Principle will imply two of the three even if the Discontinuity View is correct. I then go on to argue that one of the two remaining versions turns out not to be repugnant after all. Second, I argue that the last remaining version is not, as it turns out, implied by the Total Principle. Thus, my arguments show that the Total Principle has no repugnant implications.
Enzyme-directed assembly of nanoparticles in tumors monitored by in vivo whole animal imaging and ex vivo super-resolution fluorescence imaging.

Matrix metalloproteinase enzymes, overexpressed in HT-1080 human fibrocarcinoma tumors, were used to guide the accumulation and retention of an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle in a xenograft mouse model. The nanoparticles were prepared as micelles from amphiphilic block copolymers bearing a simple hydrophobic block, and a hydrophilic peptide brush. The polymers were end-labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 dyes leading to the formation of labeled micelles upon dialysis of the polymers from DMSO to aqueous buffer. This dye-labeling strategy allowed the presence of the retained material to be visualized via whole animal imaging in vivo, and in ex vivo organ analysis following intratumoral injection into HT-1080 xenograft tumors. We propose that the material is retained by virtue of an enzyme-induced accumulation process whereby particles change morphology from 20 nm spherical micelles to micron-scale aggregates, kinetically trapping them within the tumor. This hypothesis is tested here via an unprecedented super resolution fluorescence analysis of ex vivo tissue slices confirming a particle size increase occurs concomitantly with extended retention of responsive particles compared to unresponsive controls.