cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multi-objective system-level synthesis utilization model for algorithm-architecture mapping

This dissertation presents a Multi-objective System level synthesis Utilization model framework that achieves near optimal application, algorithm, and architecture mappings of design implementation scenarios. The framework approach uses integrated genetic algorithm (GA) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) methods. The use of both the non-deterministic GA and deterministic MILP approaches allows for a quick realization of the best mapping and the accuracy of the mapping respectively. The proposed framework performs top-down design space explorations over different levels of abstractions as a way of reducing design cost, reducing time-to-market, and also evaluating design performance tradeoffs. A complete model framework was developed on Matlab platform and near optimal design mappings were demonstrated at various design abstraction levels including the mapping exploration onto a field programmable analog array.
Response to letter “Electron correlation and relativity of the 5f electrons in the UZr alloy system”

Abstract In the Letter [Soderlind et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 444, 356 (2014)], Soderlind et al. state their interpretation that 1) we view electron correlation to be strong and including spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to be necessary for U metal and U Zr alloy in our article [Xiong et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 443, 331 (2013)]. Further, they argue that 2) density functional theory (DFT) without adding the Hubbard U potential, especially when solved using all electron methods, already models U and U Zr accurately, and 3) adding the Hubbard U potential to DFT in DFT + U models U and U Zr worse than DFT according to volume, bulk modulus, and magnetic moments predicted from their calculations of the γU phase of elemental U metal. With respect to Soderlind et al.’s interpretation 1), we clarify that our opinions are that U and U Zr are not strongly, but weakly to moderately correlated and that including SOC is beneficial but not necessary for modeling most ground state properties of U and U Zr. With respect to Soderlind et al.’s argument 2) we demonstrate that previously neglected and very recent experimental data suggest that DFT in Soderlind's full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital calculations [Soderlind, Phys. Rev. B 66, 085113 (2002)] in fact models the bulk modulus and elastic constants of αU with errors considerably larger than other related elements, e.g., most transition metals. With respect to Soderlind et al.’s argument 3) we argue that they have inappropriately focused on just one phase (the BCC γU phase of U metal), neglecting the other phases which represent the majority of our evidence, and made overgeneralizations based on results at only one Ueff value of 2 eV. We therefore maintain our original conclusion that the accuracy of DFT for modeling U and U Zr has room for improvement and DFT + U can be of value for this purpose on at least some ground state properties.
A 14,000-year record of fire, climate, and vegetation from the Bear River Range, southeast Idaho, USA

The vegetation and fire history of the Bear River Range (BRR), Southeast Idaho has been reconstructed from pollen, plant macrofossils, and macroscopic charcoal from lacustrine sediments. Overall, t...
Percutaneous transvenous removal of a bullet embolus to the right ventricle.

By use of percutaneous technique, a catheter bioptome, and biplane fluoroscopy, a metallic foreign body was readily extracted from the right ventricle of a 14-year-old boy.
Interactive Spaced Online Education in Pediatric Trauma

1. Rohit Shenoi[1][1][⇑][2] 2. Daniel Rubalcava[1][1] 3. Bindi Naik-Mathuria[1][1] 4. Harold A. Sloas[2][3] 5. David Delemos[1][1] 6. Linzhi Xu[1][1] 7. Donna Mendez[3][4] 1. 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2. 2University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA 3. 3University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA 1. Rohit Shenoi, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin, Suite A 2210, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Email: rshenoi{at}bcm.tmc.edu Pediatric resident trauma education is suboptimal due to lack of a curriculum and limited trauma experience and education resources. The objective of the study was to test knowledge retention and acceptability of interactive spaced education (ISE) in pediatric trauma. Prospective, randomized trial involving 40 physicians in a pediatric emergency department was used. Instrument was comprised of 48 multiple-choice questions (evaluative component) and answer critiques (educational component) on pediatric trauma divided into two modules. The instrument was assessed for test–retest reliability, item difficulty, and construct validity. Intervention consisted of online administration of each module as eight spaced emails (3 questions each) over a course of 4 weeks and was repeated after 2 and 4 months. Participants received an answer critique on committing to an answer. Primary outcome was difference in mean percentage of correct answers at 2 and 4 months versus baseline. Paired t test and effect size (d) were performed. Secondary outcome was exit-survey of ISE acceptability. There was significant improvement at 2 months (8.0, 95% confidence intervel [CI] = [3.6, 12.5], d = 0.75), but improvement at 4 months (1.6, 95% CI = [−4.5, 7.7], d = 0.18) was not significant. Sixty percent would retake and recommend ISE to others. Interactive, spaced education improves knowledge in pediatric trauma and is well accepted. Studies are required to determine the optimal spacing interval for this form of education. [1]: #aff-1 [2]: #corresp-1 [3]: #aff-2 [4]: #aff-3
A distributed spatio-temporal EEG/MEG inverse solver

We propose a novel l(1)l(2)-norm inverse solver for estimating the sources of EEG/MEG signals. Based on the standard l(1)-norm inverse solvers, this sparse distributed inverse solver integrates the l(1)-norm spatial model with a temporal model of the source signals in order to avoid unstable activation patterns and "spiky" reconstructed signals often produced by the currently used sparse solvers. The joint spatio-temporal model leads to a cost function with an l(1)l(2)-norm regularizer whose minimization can be reduced to a convex second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem and efficiently solved using the interior-point method. The efficient computation of the SOCP problem allows us to implement permutation tests for estimating statistical significance of the inverse solution. Validation with simulated and human MEG data shows that the proposed solver yields source time course estimates qualitatively similar to those obtained through dipole fitting, but without the need to specify the number of dipole sources in advance. Furthermore, the l(1)l(2)-norm solver achieves fewer false positives and a better representation of the source locations than the conventional l(2) minimum-norm estimates.
New Drug and Possible New Toxicity - Squamous Cell Carcinoma Following Imatinib in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Background Molecularly targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Specifically, the consistent dependence of GISTs on proto-oncogene c-KIT signaling led to the development and successful implementation of imatinib, a small-molecule c-KIT inhibitor. Imatinib induces, rapid and sustained clinical benefit by blocking the signaling via c-KIT. The most frequently reported adverse reactions (>30%) include edema, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, musculoskeletal pain, diarrhea, rash, fatigue and abdominal pain. Case series Herein, we report a case series of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurring secondary to imatinib in two patients treated for GISTs. Both patients were successfully managed with surgical resection of SCC and the discontinuation of the drug. Furthermore, we undertook a comprehensive literature review on this association. Few cases of cutaneous SCC secondary to imatinib therapy were reported in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, there was no clinical evidence on causation of imatinib-associated SCC in patients with GIST. Conclusion To our knowledge, the present report is the first to describe imatinib-related SCC in patients undergoing treatment for GISTs. This implicates that safety and long-term tolerability of imatinib in patients with GISTs warrant rigorous testing and close monitoring.
Acquiring a Prognostic Power in Co2(CO)6-Mediated, Cobaltocene-Induced Radical Dimerizations of Propargyl Triflates

Cobalt-complexed propargyl triflates can be generated in situ from methyl propargyl ethers and triflic anhydride and then reduced with cobaltocene to topologically and functionally diverse 1,5-alkadiynes. The electronic effect of an α-substituent is shown to attenuate the ionic nature of an α-C–OTf bond and thus its reducibility with cobaltocene. The powerful π-donors, such as phenyl, naphthyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxy groups, provide the ionicity of α-C–OTf bonds and make them suitable recipients for a single-electron delivery from cobaltocene. σ-Donors (alkyl groups), a H atom, and σ/π-acceptors (ester groups) do not sufficiently stabilize propargyl cations, maintaining the covalent nature of α-C–OTf bonds and making them resistant toward the reducing agent. A newly acquired ability to differentiate between the α-C–OTf bonds is used in polyethers for the regioselective reduction and radical dimerization in select propargylic positions, thus paving the way for a long sought after radical-ionic α,α′-f...
Eye Tracking Evaluation of Driver Visual Behavior with a Forward Collision Warning and Mitigation System

As Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) technologies become more commonplace and monitor an increasing number of aspects of the visual environment for drivers, typical driver visual behavior i...
Understanding livable streets in the context of the arterials that surround them

Not long after the advent of cars, a conflict between traffic and residential livability arose. The typical response pushed traffic off residential streets and onto nearby major roads. This line of thinking evolved into a hierarchical approach to the street networks and arterial roads designed to carry the majority of vehicle traffic. With many researchers identifying traffic on residential streets to be an underlying issue behind poor livability, this solution makes sense. However, is the relationship between residential livability and traffic moderated by the character of the nearby arterial road? By use of a residential study in Denver, Colorado, 10 arterials were partitioned along two dimensions: high and low traffic and high and low design quality. Comparable residential roads within the surrounding neighborhoods were selected to fit descriptions of heavy, moderate, and light traffic, and 723 residents were surveyed. The results suggest that the surrounding street network—in particular, the character...
The budding yeast Polo-like kinase localizes to distinct populations at centrosomes during mitosis

The yeast Polo kinase Cdc5 changes its localization at centrosomes during the cell cycle. Cdc5 localizes to the nuclear centrosome surface in early mitosis and relocalizes to the cytoplasmic centro...
Coherent Phonon Materials for Laser Applications

With the development of the short pulse laser source, it has been demonstrated that molecular [1–4] and lattice dynamics [5–7] can be studied in the time domain. Pulses of light that are short compared to the optical phonon period have been found to initiate coherent lattice vibrations through various mechanisms which depend on the material type. The purpose of this paper is to describe the observation of the coherent phonon phenomenon in semimetals and narrow-gap semiconductors, and to propose a potential application of this phenomenon as a terahertz light modulator.
The Impact of Surgeon Volume on Perioperative Outcomes and Cost for Patients Receiving Robotic Partial Nephrectomy

Abstract Introduction: Little is known about the impact of surgeon volume on the success of the robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). The objective of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes and cost related to RAPN by annual surgeon volumes. Patients and Methods: Using the Premier Hospital Database, we retrospectively analyzed 39,773 patients who underwent RAPN between 2003 and 2015 in the United States. Surgeons for each index case were grouped into quintiles for each respective year. Outcomes were 90-day postoperative complications, operating room time (ORT), blood transfusion, length of stay, and direct hospital costs. Logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to identify factors predicting complications and cost. Results: After accounting for patient and hospital demographics, high- and very high-volume surgeons had 40% and 42% decreased odds of having major complications (p = 0.045 and p = 0.027, respectively). Surgeons with higher volumes were associated with few...
Collins azimuthal asymmetries of hadron production inside jets

We investigate the Collins azimuthal asymmetry of hadrons produced inside jets in transversely polarized proton–proton collisions. Recently, the quark transversity distributions and the Collins fragmentation functions have been extracted within global analyses from data of the processes semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and electron–positron annihilation. We calculate the Collins azimuthal asymmetry for charged pions inside jets using these extractions for RHIC kinematics at center-of-mass energies of 200 and 500 GeV. We compare our results with recent data from the STAR Collaboration at RHIC and find good agreement, which confirms the universality of the Collins fragmentation functions. In addition, we further explore the impact of transverse momentum dependent evolution effects.
Temperament and Behavioral/Emotional Adjustment

The linkage between early temperament and behavior problems during middle childhood found by the NYLS group served as a catalyst for the study of temperament. Data based on the FLS and other longitudinal studies have not only replicated the findings of the NYLS researchers regarding the predictive power of early temperament with respect to behavioral adjustment, but also have extended downward the age at which temperament has been shown to foretell childhood behavior problems. This chapter details results from the FLS data regarding concurrent and predictive relations between temperament and behavior problems using multiple informants (parents, teachers, adolescent self-reports) and state-of-the-art behavior problem measures.
Advanced Diffusion-weighted Imaging Modeling for Prostate Cancer Characterization: Correlation with Quantitative Histopathologic Tumor Tissue Composition—A Hypothesis-generating Study

In this hypothesis-generating study, advanced diffusion-weighted imaging methods showed significant correlations with histopathologic tissue composition in prostate cancer.
Establishing American sycamore seedlings on land irrigated with paper mill sludge

A study was established to evaluate several management practices for improving American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) establishment on land subjected to daily paper-mill sludge spray irrigation, and where a dense herbaceous cover dominated by pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) was nearly 2 m tall. Treatments studied included: two sludge application treatments (spray vs no spray), five weed control treatments (control, hand-release, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate and atrazine, and sulfometuron methyl), and two tree shelter treatments (control vs tree shelter). Survival and growth of sycamore seedlings were evaluated after one growing season. Sludge application treatment had the greatest effect on tree survival; survival was greatest on plots that were not sprayed during the year of tree growth. Among the weed control treatments, the hand-release treatment resulted in best survival; survival was 100% when hand release was used on unsprayed plots. Tree shelters provided no benefit to tree establishment.
Publisher Correction: 2D MoS 2 as an efficient protective layer for lithium metal anodes in high-performance Li-S batteries.

In the version of this Article originally published, a technical error in typesetting led to the traces in Fig. 3a being trimmed and made to overlap. The figure has now been corrected with the traces as supplied by the authors; the original and corrected Fig. 3a are shown below. Also, in the last paragraph of the section "Mechanistic study on Li diffusion in MoS2" the authors incorrectly included the term 'high-concentration' in the text "the Li diffusion will be dominated by high-concentration Li migration on the surface of T-MoS2 with a much smaller energy barrier (0.155 eV) to overcome". This term has now been removed from all versions of the Article. Finally, the authors have added an extra figure in the Supplementary Information (Supplementary Fig. 19) to show galvanostatic tests at 1 and 3 mA cm-2 for the MoS2-coated Li symmetric cells. The caption to Fig. 3 of the Article has been amended to reflect this, with the added wording "Galvanostatic tests at 1 and 3 mA cm-2 can be found in Supplementary Fig. 19."
Modifications and Accommodations: A Preliminary Investigation into Changes in Classroom Artifact Quality.

ABSTRACTTeachers are ultimately responsible for implementing school policy changes, including those driven by current United States (US) mandates that emphasize rigorous career and college readines...
Internal Jugular Approach

This shows one of the surgical techniques that help the cardiologist when the subclavian vein is already occluded.
Nanophotonics: devices for manipulating light at the nanoscale

Abstract: This chapter reviews nanophotonic devices for manipulating light at the nanoscale. The chapter first discusses wavelength-scale nanophotonic devices, such as photonic crystals and ring resonators. It then discusses several topics associated with manipulating light at subwavelength scales with nanometallic structures: extraordinary optical transmission through subwavelength apertures, optical nanoantennas, plasmonic focusing, near-field optical microscopy, and plasmonic waveguides. Finally, the chapter discusses the application of nanophotonics in enhancement of nonlinear processes and photovoltaics.
A Complete Tolerant Algebraic Side-Channel Attack for AES with CP

Tolerant Algebraic Side-Channel Attack (TASCA) is a combination of algebraic and side-channel analysis with error tolerance. Oren et al., used mathematical programming to implement TASCA over a round-limited version of AES. In [7], Liu et al. revisited their results and introduced a TASCA-CP model that delivers solutions to this 1-round relaxation with orders of magnitude improvement in both solving time and memory consumption.
JAK2, PD-L1, and PD-L2 (9p24.1) amplification in metastatic mucosal and cutaneous melanomas with durable response to immunotherapy

As immune checkpoint inhibitors are rapidly developing into the standard of care for patients with advanced melanoma, the value of diagnostic metrics to predict response to immunotherapy is steadily increasing. Next-generation sequencing-based parameters include tumor mutation burden (TMB) and genomic amplification of PD-L1/PD-L2/JAK2 at 9p24.1. At present, there are limited studies documenting response to checkpoint blockade in 9p24.1-amplified solid tumors. Herein, we have compared a cutaneous melanoma with a mucosal melanoma, both with 9p24.1 amplifications and durable response to immunotherapy. Although the cutaneous melanoma had a high TMB, the mucosal melanoma had a lower TMB compared with the mean TMB for all melanomas within the institutional clinical sequencing cohort. In summary, PD-L1/PD-L2/JAK2 amplification was associated with durable response to therapy for both cases, and this genomic signature is a potential valuable metric in predicting response to immunotherapy.
A Longitudinal Healthcare Use Profile of Children with a History of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

Objective To describe healthcare use over time of children with a history of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) compared with children without NAS. Study design In this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, data were obtained from MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database from 2005 to 2014. Children with and without NAS based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic codes were followed until 8 years or disenrollment (mean: 35 months). Numbers of claims for inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department encounters; prescription drugs; and costs associated with these encounters were evaluated. Results Children with NAS had a significantly greater number of claims per year from age 1 to 8 for inpatient hospitalizations (adjusted mean ratio 3.20; 95% CI 1.74-5.90), outpatient encounters (1.23; 1.08-1.41), and emergency department visits (1.46; 1.25-1.70) after we adjusted for confounders. Subsequently, adjusted mean annualized costs were nearly double for all healthcare services in children with NAS (1.86; 1.34-2.60) and >4 times as high as for inpatient hospitalizations (4.34; 2.03-9.30) compared with children without NAS. Conclusions Children with a diagnosis of NAS have significantly greater rates of healthcare use through age 8 years compared with children without NAS. These findings suggest that children affected by NAS have medical disparities that linger well beyond early infancy.
Multi-range Decoy I/O Defense of Electrical Substations Against Industrial Control System Malware

Industrial control system malware campaigns, such as BlackEnergy and Dragonfly, targeted electrical substations at various ranges relative to the computers that pushed the attacks into substation relays after being infected. Worm-like propagation of industrial control system malware in the Internet traverses paths along computers that may be far from their target, and that often are completely unrelated to power grid functions. Industrial control system malware hop from computer to computer until landing on one that has access to a target industrial environment. Industrial control system malware enabled by spear-phishing or website redirection attacks exploit web browser vulnerabilities coupled with human factors of energy company personnel. Watering hole attacks cause the installation of industrial control system malware on the computers of power grid operators, and sometimes even on the protective relays of an electrical substation. In this chapter we present a line of work that creates and operates industrial mirages, i.e., phantom substation targets for industrial control system malware to pursue, to intercept such malware bound for the power grid. The discussion focuses on decoy I/O. We also generally describe other key elements of industrial mirage at large, and explain how decoy I/O and those elements work together as integral components of the industrial mirage capability. Industrial mirage is able to actively redirect industrial control system malware to decoys, and can sustain prolonged interaction with such malware. We validated this line of work against numerous malware samples involved in recent industrial control system malware campaigns.
Cultivating code literacy: course redesign through advisory board engagement

This experience report shares the story of course redesign for cultivating technological and code literacy. This redesign came about as a result of listening to advisory board members as well as responding to recent scholarship calling for more specifics on the teaching of component content management and content strategy. We begin with discussion of code literacy differentiation between code-as-language, code-as-tool, and code-as-structure. We then share detail about our advisory board engagement and the resulting advanced-level technical communication course in which, framed by technological literacy narratives, students produce a static HTML site for a client, develop a repository for this work (GitHub), use XML and the DITA standard for dynamic document delivery, and create a digital experience element to accompany the site. We document and analyze student narratives and online course discussions. We emphasize a more holistic approach to code literacy and that course redesign should be a collaborative endeavor with advisory board members and industry experts. Through these experiences, students gain requisite knowledge and practice so as to enter the technical communication community of practice.
The Death of French Socialism: Abd al Malik’s 'Occupy Wall Street' Poetical Rap

TAbd al Malik is an important public figure in contemporary France whose multifaceted art as a rapper, poet, novelist and filmmaker keeps urging the French nation to be more cohesive in the face of current challenges such as integration and terrorism. This article takes stock of the unequal distribution of wealth between different socio-geographical groups as a fundamental cause of postcolonial discontent and examines the polymorphic treatment of money as a topic in Abd al Malik’s poetry, rap lyrics, as well as in connection with other genres such as autobiography and film. In a particular sociopolitical climate marked by an association between crime and immigration in Front National rhetoric, I analyse how Abd al Malik strives to de-essentialise the immigrant through a complete exposure of his own personal life, recounting in full detail his religious journey from superficial Christianity to radical Islam to Sufism—and his concomitantly evolving relationships with money. Additionally, this article aims at scrutinising the interesting paradox that, on the one hand, Abd al Malik’s writings draw upon anti-capitalist thinkers and movements such as Alain Badiou and les indignes/OccupyWall Street, while on the other hand, he advocates in favour of adapting into the French context a form of philanthropy usually akin to a North American, capitalist model of society. I show how at the heart of this paradox lies the centrality of religion added to a firm belief in reconceptualised French values, which has led Abd al Malik to actively promote a form of spiritualite laique [secular spirituality] a la francaise.
Balloon anchoring technique for thrombectomy in hostile craniocervical arterial anatomy

Background Craniocervical catheter access in large vessel occlusion acute ischemic strokes can be challenging in cases of unfavorable aortic arch/cervical vascular anatomy, leading to lower recanalization rates, increased procedural time and worse clinical outcomes. We aim to demonstrate the feasibility of the balloon-anchoring technique (BAT) that can be attempted before switching to alternative access sites. Methods Retrospective review of prospectively collected information on 11 patients in which two variants of the BAT (proximal anchoring: balloon guide catheter (BGC) is inflated to provide support for distal access; distal anchoring: compliant balloon is inflated in an intracranial artery to allow advancement of the support system) were utilized to facilitate craniocervical access due to failure of conventional maneuvers. Results Ten patients had anterior and one patient had posterior circulation large vessel occlusions. Mean age was 81 years and 81% were females. Type 3 arches were found in 82% and a 9 French balloon guide catheter was used in 82%. Proximal anchoring with BGC was used in four cases while distal anchoring was used in seven patients to allow access to the target vessel, avoiding the need to puncture alternative access sites. Successful reperfusion (modified treatment in cerebral ischemia 2b-3) was achieved in all cases and no complications were observed. Conclusion BAT is safe and feasible. It can be considered as a rescue maneuver in order to avoid switching to a different access during thrombectomy in individuals with unfavorable aortic arch/craniocervical anatomy.
Internal Model Based Control to Tackle Non-Minimum Phase Behavior in Three-Phase Z-Source Inverters

Displaying non-minimum phase transient response in the impedance circuit of three-phase Z-source inverters places a fundamental restriction on the achievable performance of this class of converters. In this paper, an internal model control (IMC) has been proposed in order to rectify the significant phase lag caused by the right half-plane (RHP) zero of the dc-side capacitor voltage to the "shoot-through" transfer function. The basic one-degree of freedom structure of IMC is an alternative to conventional feedback controllers; IMC is able to cancel the non-minimum phase effects and can satisfy the desired phase margin. An IMC is designed based on the linear small-signal model of the impedance on the dc side and is simply tuned by a single low-pass filter parameter. The effectiveness of the proposed control method has been verified through simulation studies and experimental evaluations. A comparison of this proposed control methodology with typical PI controllers shows significant improvement in robustness during transient responses. It proves that IMC is one of the suitable candidates to resolve instabilities caused by non-minimum phase dynamics of three-phase Z-source inverters.
Propagation of Information About Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention Through Twitter

Previous literature has suggested that examining Twitter messages can be productive for studying how the public shares and spreads health information on social media. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising approach to HIV prevention, yet there are many issues which may influence its effective implementation. This study examined social representations of PrEP on Twitter. 1,435 Tweets were collected and 774 English Tweets were content-analyzed to explore propagation of various issues around daily oral PrEP as well as characteristics of the sources of those Tweets. We also examined how Twitter message content influenced information propagation. Our findings revealed that PrEP-related information on Twitter covered a wide range of issues, and individual users constituted the majority of the Tweet creators among all the sources including news media, non-profit and academic groups, and commercial entities. Using Poisson regression, we also found that a Tweet’s affective tone was a significant predictor of message propagation frequency. Implications for health practitioners were discussed.
Ultra-High Throughput PET Coincidence Processor based on Scatter-Gather Hierarchy

To achieve lossless, high-throughput coincidence filtering with minimal data processing delay and memory storage, we propose a new FPGA-based digital coincidence processor (CP). Similar to the modern general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) architecture, the new CP has a standard Scatter-Gather hierarchy that provides a dedicated coincidence selection processor between each possible pair of detector modules, so that a gamma interaction from a detector module can be directly compared to interactions from all the other detector modules at the same time. Such “parallel” approach distributes the workload of CP to the shared network of coincidence selection processors, which leads to minimized processing delay and significantly increased throughput. Even it requires more FPGA resources, such new CP can be easily implemented with the latest FPGA. A prototype new CP was implemented on a Stratix IV GX FPGA with 42 coincidence selection processors. CP counting-rate performance was evaluated with a 12-detector module PET system. The evaluation study shows that the CP can achieve a peak coincidence processing throughput of 2.1G events/s, while the FPGA resource usage of all coincidence selection processors is around 28%, 44% and 9% in combinational logics, registers and on-chip memory, respectively. The overall event loss is less than 0.006% with event rate from 1K/s to 250K/s. With FPGA's re-programmability and parameterized programming technique, the design can be conveniently implemented for different detector and system configurations for maximizing counting rate performance. The new coincidence processor is particularly suited for Time-Of-Flight (TOF) PET and real-time coincidence imaging applications.
Electrochemical Methods for the Study of Liquid Metals: Highlights from Metallurgical Transactions

Metallurgical Transactions—and its subsequent MMTA and MMTB—has been a home for numerous contributions related to electrochemistry as it applies to solid, but also liquid materials. Herein, a perspective is presented to highlight the utility of electrochemical methods as applied to the study of liquid metals. The review of a subset of papers shows the diversity of experimental options available to investigate the thermodynamic properties of liquid metals, as well as certain limitations. A specific set of results covering the entire range of two liquid binary systems is reviewed as an illustration of the static electrochemical potential difference method. More recent developments offered by dynamic electrochemical potential methods, using direct and alternating currents or containerless configurations, are reviewed. Advances in electrochemical studies of liquid metals bring the prospect of simultaneous thermodynamic and transport properties measurements closer to reality.
Resilient Consensus-based Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning with Function Approximation.

Adversarial attacks during training can strongly influence the performance of multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms. It is, thus, highly desirable to augment existing algorithms such that the impact of adversarial attacks on cooperative networks is eliminated, or at least bounded. In this work, we consider a fully decentralized network, where each agent receives a local reward and observes the global state and action. We propose a resilient consensus-based actor-critic algorithm, whereby each agent estimates the team-average reward and value function, and communicates the associated parameter vectors to its immediate neighbors. We show that in the presence of Byzantine agents, whose estimation and communication strategies are completely arbitrary, the estimates of the cooperative agents converge to a bounded consensus value with probability one, provided that there are at most $H$ Byzantine agents in the neighborhood of each cooperative agent and the network is $(2H+1)$-robust. Furthermore, we prove that the policy of the cooperative agents converges with probability one to a bounded neighborhood around a local maximizer of their team-average objective function under the assumption that the policies of the adversarial agents asymptotically become stationary.
Chapter 5 – Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Data Communication Networks

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is adopted in large data communication systems as a practical solution to problems of fiber exhaust. It offers new high availability services with fault recovery at the physical layer that are not based on Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) infrastructure. DWDM has also enabled new computer architectures such as parallel sysplex, and made it practical to implement real-time disaster recovery and data mirroring at extended distances. New datacom network topologies are also enabled by DWDM coupled with flexible network management and security. The chapter describes the dominant approaches to data storage and coupled parallel sysplex processors using optical fiber connectivity and datacom protocols. It discusses the usage of DWDM in large data communication systems, including specific examples of current and next-generation DWDM devices and systems. Technical requirements, network management and security, fault tolerant systems, new network topologies, and the role of time division multiplexing in the network is also presented in the chapter. Furthermore, the chapter explores future directions for the DWDM technology.
Simulation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Simulation is a computer-based exploratory exercise that aids in understanding how the behavior of a random or even a deterministic process changes in response to changes in input or the environment. It is essentially the only option left when exact mathematical calculations are impossible, or require an amount of effort that the user is not willing to invest. Even when the mathematical calculations are quite doable, a preliminary simulation can be very helpful in guiding the researcher to theorems that were not a priori obvious or conjectured, and also to identify the more productive corners of a particular problem. Although simulation in itself is a machine-based exercise, credible simulation must be based on appropriate theory. A simulation algorithm must be theoretically justified before we use it. This chapter gives a fairly broad introduction to the classic theory and techniques of probabilistic simulation, and also to some of the modern advents in simulation, particularly Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods based on ergodic Markov chain theory.
Contextualism and Human Motives

My commitment to psychology in general and to the study of motivation in particular grew out of an undergraduate thesis that Jack Atkinson helped me design and execute: A study of achievement motivation in high school girls and boys, as measured by a new fangled story-telling device called the Thematic Apperception Test, in which we had subjects tell stories in response to pictures and then coded these stories for motivational content. When I was a senior at Wesleyan, not sure where my main interests would lead and whether this field of psychology was really a legitimate enterprise after all, Jack’s enthusiasm for a new approach to motivation and its measurement enabled me to discover the joys of research on human needs. Jack and Dave McClelland, whose slot at Wesleyan Jack had taken over for a year while Dave was on leave, were putting together materials for The Achievement Motive with Russ Clark and Ed Lowell (McClelland, Atkinson, Clark & Lowell, 1953). The promise of a new systematic story-telling technique indeed seemed revolutionary at that time. And it still does to this day. In my senior research I wanted to demonstrate that it was a technique that was valid for people other than college males for whom it was originally devised—namely high school students, and especially high school females, who, up to that time had not been studied. The research made me a convert. It was not because the data were that clear-cut. In fact, the results were really very perplexing, as they are today (Sutherland & Veroff, 1985), despite thirty-five years of many related studies.
Francisella tularensis: Regulation of Gene Expression, Intracellular Trafficking, and Subversion of Host Defenses

Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is found in diverse environments, including animal, protozoan, and insect hosts. Several animal models have been used for the study of F. tularensis infection, primarily rodents (including mice, rats, and guinea pigs) as well as rabbits. For all the obvious reasons, the majority of studies have been carried out in mouse models. The host response can be unique regarding F. tularensis infection. This can be largely due to the different in vivo environments this bacterial pathogen encounters during infection (e.g., temperature changes when F. tularensis is transmitted from arthropods to mammals). Production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species is an essential innate immune defense mechanism against invading microorganisms. There are four known major regulators of virulence in F. tularensis: MglA, SspA, PmrA, and FevR, which positively control the expression of Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) genes. Each of these proteins also regulates the expression of genes outside the FPI. Capsular polysaccharides are important factors in bacterial pathogenesis and have been the target of a number of successful vaccines. Mutations in F. tularensis LVS capB and capC, which are similar to Bacillus anthracis capsule genes, had no effect on capsule expression.
Characterization of d electrons in solids by structure: II. Spontaneous crystallographic distortions

Abstract Spontaneous crystallographic distortions to a lower symmetry phase at lower temperatures may be induced either by localized d electrons or by narrow-band d electrons. Band electrons induce changes in translational symmetry that introduce planes of energy discontinuity at the Fermi surface; localized electrons induce changes in local symmetry that leave the transition-metal cations in the centers of symmetry of their anionic interstices. Ferroelectric and semiconducting ⇄ metallic transitions illustrate distortions induced by collective electrons. It is also shown how the shear structures found in nonstoichiometric, homologous series of transition-metal oxides may be induced by ferroelectric-type distortions. Nonstoichiometric compounds having localized d electrons exhibit ordering of point charges and point defects. Ferroelectric distortions induced by heavy atoms in a lower valence state are also discussed.
Cooperative control of small and micro air vehicles

The focus of this talk will be cooperative control techniques for small and micro air vehicles. There are numerous potential applications of this technology including aerial reconnaissance, border patrol, monitoring forest fires, oil fields, and pipelines, and tracking wildlife. This talk will present a general approach to cooperative control problems which can be summarized in four steps. The first step is to identify the coordination variables which are the minimal information needed to effect cooperation. The second step is to quantify the cooperation constraint and cooperation objective in terms of the coordinate variables. The third step is to develop a centralized cooperation strategy that acts upon the instantaneous values of the coordination variables to achieve the objectives. Finally, the fourth step is to use information consensus schemes to transform the centralized strategy into a decentralized algorithm. The consensus algorithms allow a team of vehicles to agree upon the instantaneous value of the coordination variables while connected through a noisy, intermittent, time-varying communication network.We will also show several applications of our approach in the context of small unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). The first application will be to the problem of cooperative rendezvous. There are numerous military scenarios where it is desirable to have a team of UAVs converges simultaneously to a region of interest. However, pop-up threats, wind, and an unreliable communication environment make this problem extremely challenging for small UAVs. The second application will be distributed fire perimeter monitoring where a team of UAVs is tasked to monitor the border of a forest fire. The nature of the environment only allows communication when the UAVs are in close vicinity of each other. Therefore, cooperation must be achieved with only infrequent communication. The third application will be that of cooperatively tracking and targeting a moving ground target when sensor occlusions are probable.
Insulin-like growth factor I regulation of FOXO1 in gonadotropes (1012.7)

The transcription factor FOXO1 is important for several aspects of reproductive function, including endometrial decidualization, ovarian follicular maturation, and spermatogenesis. We have previously reported that in pituitary gonadotropes FOXO1 functions as a repressor of both luteinizing hormone beta (Lhb) and follicle stimulating hormone beta (Fshb) transcription, which are critical for reproduction. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) is a negative regulator of FOXO1 transcriptional activity. Given that FOXO1 can repress Lhb and Fshb transcription and that IGFI stimulation of gonadotrope cells enhances Lhb and Fshb synthesis, we investigated how IGFI regulates FOXO1 activity in gonadotropes in the current study. In LβT2 gonadotrope cells, we determined by western analyses that IGFI induced Ser256 FOXO1 phosphorylation, causing FOXO1 inhibition and cytoplasmic localization as identified by immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, inhibition of components of the IGFI signaling pathway, such as PI3K o...
Response of discrete linear systems to forcing functions with inequality constraints.

An analysis is made of the maximum response of discrete, linear mechanical systems to arbitrary forcing functions which lie within specified bounds. Primary attention is focused on the complete determination of the forcing function which will engender maximum displacement to any particular mass element of a multi-degree-of-freedom system. In general, the desired forcing function is found to be a bang-bang type function, i.e., a function which switches from the maximum to the minimum bound and vice-versa at certain instants of time. Examples of two-degree-of-freedom systems, with and without damping, are presented in detail. Conclusions are drawn concerning the effect of damping on the switching times and the general procedure for finding these times is discussed.
Sprague-Grundy Values of the $\mathcal{R}$-Wythoff Game

We examine the Sprague-Grundy values of the game of $\mathcal{R}$-Wythoff, a restriction of Wythoff's game introduced by Ho, where each move is either to remove a positive number of tokens from the larger pile or to remove the same number of tokens from both piles. Ho showed that the $P$-positions of $\mathcal{R}$-Wythoff agree with those of Wythoff's game, and found all positions of Sprague-Grundy value $1$. We describe all the positions of Sprague-Grundy value $2$ and $3$, and also conjecture a general form of the positions of Sprague-Grundy value $g$.
Composite trauma and mental health diagnosis as predictors of lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury history in an adult online sample

Some research indicates that trauma history might be related to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), but the exact nature of this relationship is unknown. Therefore, we created and tested a structural equation model for the relationships between composite trauma, NSSI, mental health diagnosis, and gender in a community sample of 296 U.S. adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Composite trauma and mental health diagnosis were significantly predictive of an NSSI history. The pathway between NSSI and gender was not significant. It is important to consider multiple domains of trauma, in the form of composite lifetime trauma, as risk factors for NSSI.
Phenotyping Cardiac Gene Therapy in Mice

Heart disease is the leading health problem of industrialized countries. The development of gene therapies tailored towards the heart has grown exponentially over the past decade. Murine models of heart diseases have played a pivotal role in testing novel cardiac gene therapy approaches. Unfortunately, the small body size and rapid heart rate of mice present a great challenge to heart function evaluation. Here we outline the commonly used cardiac phenotyping methods of treadmill exercise regimen, full 12-lead electrocardiographic assay and left ventricular catheterization hemodynamic assay. Application of these protocols will allow critical testing of gene therapy efficacy in mouse models of heart diseases.
Ethical Issues of Behavior Modification Research in Schools.

Behavior modification research in the classroom was examined by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects because of the increasingly widespread use of behavioral procedures in the schools, the effectiveness of these procedures in changing academic and social behavior, and the consequent concern about potential misuse. In order to foster the responsible use of behavior modification procedures in the schools on a practical as well as a research basis, the following ethical issues being considered by researchers and the involved public are discussed: informed consent, determination of classroom goals, legitimacy of rewards and aversive controls in the classroom, conceptions of behavior modification as manipulative and mechanistic, who can implement the procedures, research design, and accountability. The authors conclude that the issues regarding protection of human subjects in behavior modification research are no different from other treatment-oriented research with children. However, the high degree of parental and teacher involvement in both research and practice requires shared responsibility for the prevention of misuse of behavior modification procedures.