cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Traits Related to Energy Balance in Selection and Inbred Lines of Mice

Energy balance is a complex trait with relevance to the study of human obesity and maintenance energy requirements of livestock. The objective of this study was to identify, using unique mouse models, quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing traits that contribute to variation in energy balance. Two F2 resource populations were created from lines of mice differing in heat loss measured by direct calorimetry as an indicator of energy expenditure. The HB F2 resource population originated from a cross between a noninbred line selected for high heat loss and an inbred line with low heat loss. Evidence for significant QTL influencing heat loss was found on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 7. Significant QTL influencing body weight and percentage gonadal fat, brown fat, liver, and heart were also identified. The LH F2 resource population originated from noninbred lines of mice that had undergone divergent selection for heat loss. Chromosomes 1 and 3 were evaluated. The QTL for heat loss identified on chromosome 1 in the HB population was confirmed in the LH population, although the effect was smaller. The presence of a QTL influencing 6-wk weight was also confirmed. Suggestive evidence for additional QTL influencing heat loss, percentage subcutaneous fat, and percentage heart was found for chromosome 1.
Problems with “Procaryote”

The procaryote-eucaryote model, as is explicit in the language, posits that fundamentally there are two kinds of organisms, procaryotes and eucaryotes. Furthermore, the prefix “pro” injects the connotation that procaryotes preceded eucaryotes because “pro” means before. This procaryote-eucaryote model dominates our textbooks and discourse in matters of taxonomy and deep evolution. The thesis of this article is that the notion of procaryote is now obsolete and counterproductive. Here, I (i) trace the source of the procaryote-eucaryote model, (ii) show why it is wrong scientifically, and (iii) comment on the damage it has done to our perception of important biological issues. I conclude that “procaryote” needs to be retired from the lexicon of biology. THE ESSENCE OF THE ARGUMENT The procaryote-eucaryote concept was a specific hypothesis, and it has been proven wrong by 3 decades of results in molecular phylogeny and biochemistry. These results, summarized below, show that life’s diversity falls into three fundamentally distinct phylogenetic domains: Bacteria, Eucarya (eucaryotes), and Archaea. Moreover, the results show that archaea and eucaryotes evolved independently of the bacterial line of descent. Thus, there is no such thing as a “procaryotic” relatedness group of organisms in any phylogenetically based taxonomy. It makes no sense to lump bacteria with archaea phylogenetically. Furthermore, the molecular tree reveals no group of organisms that preceded eucaryotes. The accompanying diagrams contrast the procaryote-eucaryote and three-domain models for the large scale of biological organization and the course of evolution.
North Carolina Resident Psychiatrists Knowledge of the Commitment Statutes: Do They Stray from the Legal Standard in the Hypothetical Application of Involuntary Commitment Criteria?

Objectives are to examine North Carolina (NC) resident psychiatrists knowledge of commitment statutes and their willingness to involuntarily admit hypothetical patients who do not meet statutory criteria. It is hypothesized that the need for transportation may be a salient factor. In one vignette the patient had schizophrenia and the other alcohol dependence. The respondents were asked to make a decision about commitment and to rate how 9 specified factors affected their decision. Sixty-one residents responded. Thirty percent answered incorrectly about statutory provisions for ‘mental illness’ and ‘dangerousness’, 10% answered incorrectly that grave disability does not meet the dangerousness criterion, and 41% answered incorrectly about the NC statutory language of the ‘least restrictive alternative’ principle. While neither hypothetical patient met the commitment standard, 74% of respondents would involuntarily admit the patient with psychotic illness and 87% would involuntarily admit the patient with alcohol dependence. Training in commitment standards with clinical vignettes should be conducted with residents to protect patient rights.
Household, Work, and Labor Activism: Gender Differences in the Determinants of Union Membership Participation

With union-corporation competition for worker allegiances and declining union membership during the post-World War II era, unions have increasingly sought to replenish their sagging memberships from the growing ranks of women workers. Consequently, unions have entered into a competition with households for the allegiances of women workers, given the persistence of traditionalism in gender roles. This article addresses household constraints on individual activism in labor organizations by examining gender differences in the determinants of membership participation in the Tennessee State Employees Association. The results showed that women's participation is more constrained than men's by household responsibilities, suggesting that competition among institutions for individual allegiances contributes to the level of individual activism in a social movement organization.
In support of student process improvement

Preparing students for careers as software developers or software engineers requires more than applying computer science. Software engineering education needs better and more robust instructional models to support the education of new generations of software engineers. The paper discusses the major instructional strategies of software engineering education, and considers their pedagogical value. The paper reviews current activity in software engineering in the context of current industrial emphasis on process improvement and the quality paradigm. We present a four part project model that we have developed and used that integrates recent research in cognitive psychology and software process practices. We suggest ways in which the processes involved in the project model provide the right environment to help students develop the skills truly needed to become accomplished practitioners.
On the finiteness of the number of critical equilibria, with an application to random selections

Abstract This paper establishes the following result for exchange economies with l commodities and n agents: for a generic set of utility functions of the first consumer, the number of critical equilibria is at most ln at every endowment. This result has application to, for example, the theory of general equilibrium Cournot competition.
D-AKAP2:PKA RII:PDZK1 ternary complex structure: insights from the nucleation of a polyvalent scaffold.

A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) regulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling in space and time. Dual-specific AKAP2 (D-AKAP2/AKAP10) binds with high affinity to both RI and RII regulatory subunits of PKA and is anchored to transporters through PDZ domain proteins. Here, we describe a structure of D-AKAP2 in complex with two interacting partners and the exact mechanism by which a segment that on its own is disordered presents an α-helix to PKA and a β-strand to PDZK1. These two motifs nucleate a polyvalent scaffold and show how PKA signaling is linked to the regulation of transporters. Formation of the D-AKAP2: PKA binary complex is an important first step for high affinity interaction with PDZK1, and the structure reveals important clues toward understanding this phenomenon. In contrast to many other AKAPs, D-AKAP2 does not interact directly with the membrane protein. Instead, the interaction is facilitated by the C-terminus of D-AKAP2, which contains two binding motifs—the D-AKAP2AKB and the PDZ motif—that are joined by a short linker and only become ordered upon binding to their respective partner signaling proteins. The D-AKAP2AKB binds to the D/D domain of the R-subunit and the C-terminal PDZ motif binds to a PDZ domain (from PDZK1) that serves as a bridging protein to the transporter. This structure also provides insights into the fundamental question of why D-AKAP2 would exhibit a differential mode of binding to the two PKA isoforms.
Comparison of Methods of Standardization of X-Ray Data

Various methods of standardizing X-ray emission calibration data for day-to-day variations have been studied. The method of using an external standard either as a ratio or slope correction is clearly the best approach. The use of internal standard lines can be as effective, but this method can be susceptible to large errors over extended periods of time. The parallel-curve shift correction method has limited application. Finally, data are presented which show that the analytical precision of a fully automated X-ray spectrograph approaches the statistical accuracy of the X-ray measurements.
Opportunities to Improve Care for Surgery Patients

Havensandcolleaguesprovideananalysisof readmissionrates for patients who have undergone emergent general surgical procedures in the state of California. These data were abstracted from an administrative database and demonstrate strikingly similar results to those reported using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.1 Overall, about 1 in 20 patients are readmitted, most commonly for surgical site infection (SSI) and gastrointestinal issues. Clearly, theopportunity for surgeons andhospitals toprevent readmission lies first with instituting systemwide bundled interventions toprevent SSIs. Many groups have demonstrated thatengaginghealthcareprofessionalswhocare for surgical patients during the arc of a hospital admission to institute standardprotocols that prevent postoperative infection can quickly rectify high SSI rates.2 Items such as the use ofappropriateantibioticsbefore incision,chlorhexidinewashes before surgery, normothermia and euglycemia intraoperatively, clean instrument trays for closing, and patient education, require the buy-in across services and disciplines. However, hospitals can quickly address high SSI rates and prevent the development of SSIs after dischargewith thesemeasures. The gastrointestinal causes of readmission include conditions such as ileus, small-bowel obstruction, and dehydration from high ostomy output, and they are more difficult to systematically address. Interventions that provide preoperative patient education and an early follow-up telephone call or postoperative appointment in the clinic can help. Some groups across the country are piloting the use of tablets to visuallyandverballycommunicatewithpatients fromhomeduring the immediatepostdischargeperiod.Further educationon diet and the use of painmedications along with simple interventions such as intravenous hydration in the clinic can provide safe care for patients and prevent readmission. This article contributes further evidence that we have a great opportunity to intervene on behalf of our patients and improve their outcomes. While local programs can be instituted to prevent complications and readmissions, the incorporation of electronic health records and the creation of large health systemswill facilitate better care for the 15% to 20%of patients who are readmitted to a different hospital. All of the components are in place tomakemeaningful progress in surgery,andwithour leadership,wecanrealizesubstantial change and, most importantly, happy healthy patients.
Thigmomorphogenesis: Callose and Ethylene in the Hardening of Mechanically Stressed Plants

Thigmomorphogenesis encompasses the group of phenomena which includes the growth and developmental responses of plants to various mechanical perturbations (MP) such as the wind. In general, most plants that react to MP have their elongation retarded and their stems thickened (Fig. 1).1 This is usually accompanied by an increase in respiration and a decrease in photosynthesis.2,3 This laboratory has previously shown that of the morphological events, the thickening response is directly mediated by, and the decrease in elongation is indirectly mediated by the phytohormone ethylene.4,5 We have also been able to demonstrate that when plants are subjected to MP, they are thereby hardened to mechanical injury by other, subsequent mechanical stress (Fig. 2).6 It is also of important adaptive advantage to the plant that when MP-plants are subjected to other stresses such as freezing or drought, they are less susceptible to injury than control plants.7,8 In other words, MP can harden plants to reduce strains resulting from other kinds of stresses.
Unmarked and Unheard “Researching” Working-Class White Men in an Appalachian Borderland—A Narrative

This article responds to Walls and Billings’s call for a study of work in an Appalachian cultural context through a close qualitative examination of the experiences of White, working-class men. As ...
Modeling Membrane Localization: Case Study of a Ras Signaling Model

Modeling a biological system requires the careful integration of experimental data. It is unclear how best to incorporate rate constants measured in three-dimensional solution for reactions that physiologically occur between reactants confined to the two-dimensional cell membrane. One method adjusts second order rate constants by a factor that is the ratio of the cytoplasmic volume to the volume of a shell which membrane bound proteins can access. The value for this factor has been estimated to be 250. We have previously used this method in our model of the Ras signaling network that made several experimentally confirmed predictions. Here, we investigate if the value of this parameter affects model based predictions. We find that many of our results are robust to the value used. Two predictions appear to be sensitive to the value of the parameter: predicted levels of WT RasGTP after transfection with WT Ras and the experimentally observed increased levels of WT RasGTP when a GTPase Accelerating Protein (GAP) insensitive Ras mutant is present. For these predictions that are sensitive to the value of the membrane localization parameter, we find that the theoretically derived value of 250 results in model predictions that most closely match experimental observations.
Left ventricular wall thickness in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a comparison between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography

We assessed whether cardiac MRI (CMR) and echocardiography (echo) have significant differences measuring left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (WT) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as performed in the clinical routine. Retrospectively identified, clinically diagnosed HCM patients with interventricular-septal (IVS) pattern hypertrophy who underwent CMR and echo within the same day were included. Left Ventricular WT was measured by CMR in two planes and compared to both echo and contrast echo (cecho). 72 subjects, mean age 50.7 ± 16.2 years, 68 % males. Interventricular septal WT by echo and CMR planes showed good to excellent correlation. However, measurements of the postero-lateral wall showed poor correlation. Bland-Altman plots showed greater maximal IVS WT by echo compared to CMR measurement [SAX = 1.7 mm (-5.8, 9.3); LVOT = 1.1 mm (-5.6, 7.8)]. Differences were smaller between cecho and CMR [SAX = 0.8 mm (-9.2, 10.8); LVOT = -0.2 mm (-10.0, 9.6)]. Severity of WT by quartiles showed greater differences between echo and SAX CMR WT compared to cecho. Echocardiography typically measures greater WT than CMR, with the largest differences in moderate to severe hypertrophy. Contrast echocardiography more closely approximates CMR measurements of WT. These findings have potential clinical implications for risk stratification of subjects with HCM.
Research Notes: Correcting Turnover Statistics for Comparative Analysis

Variability in turnover base rates may bias the results of comparative analyses in research on turnover. This article illustrates statistical corrections to turnover correlations based on range res...
Leaf Tissue Indicators of Flooding Stress in the Above- and Belowground Biomass of Spartina patens

ABSTRACT Tobias, V.D. and Nyman, J.A., 2017. Leaf tissue indicators of flooding stress in the above- and belowground biomass of Spartina patens. Many factors, such as rising sea levels and human alterations, threaten coastal wetlands in the United States and around the world. To reverse some wetland loss, dredge material, tidal flow, or river flow can be used to create new wetlands, or existing wetlands can be managed to increase plant productivity. Identifying the causes of limited production can improve management plans by suggesting possible remedies. Managing and restoring marshes depends on understanding which stress factors limit growth of key marsh-building plants. Spartina patens is a common marsh-building species of grass in brackish marshes along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of North America, and it is often the target of management and restoration plans. Spartina patens was grown under six flooding levels in a field experiment. Spartina patens plants grown at lower elevations had cons...
Metalized polyester film in electronic capacitors: A voltage rating study

Although we were unable to accomplish the major objective of this study, e.g., define the voltage rating of a metalized polyester film capacitor by observing the effect of voltage and time on C, DF and IR, we believe in the light of our findings several significant conclusions can be drawn.
Laser Surgery of the Airway and Laser Safety

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER), an electromagnetic energy of high intensity, has several applications in thoracic surgery. The focus of this chapter is laser function and safety, mainly in the context of endobronchial laser tumor ablation. Anesthetic concerns including the choice of endotracheal tubes, ventilation strategies, and gas medium needed to safely manage laser airway cases are discussed.
Understanding reconstructed Dante spectra using high resolution spectroscopy

The Dante is an 18 channel filtered diode array used at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to measure the spectrally and temporally resolved radiation flux between 50 eV and 20 keV from various targets. The absolute flux is determined from the radiometric calibration of the x-ray diodes, filters, and mirrors and a reconstruction algorithm applied to the recorded voltages from each channel. The reconstructed spectra are very low resolution with features consistent with the instrument response and are not necessarily consistent with the spectral emission features from the plasma. Errors may exist between the reconstructed spectra and the actual emission features due to assumptions in the algorithm. Recently, a high resolution convex crystal spectrometer, VIRGIL, has been installed at NIF with the same line of sight as the Dante. Spectra from L-shell Ag and Xe have been recorded by both VIRGIL and Dante. Comparisons of these two spectroscopic measurements yield insights into the accuracy of the Dante reconstructions.
Das figurierte Gedächtnis: Figura, Memoria und die Simultanbühne des deutschen Mittelalters

Kein Bereich der Mediavistik bedarf so sehr eines interdisziplinaren Forschungsansatzes als der des geistlichen Spiels. Zum Beweis dieser These hat Hansjurgen Linke 1985 mehr als funfundzwanzig benachbarte Disziplinen angefuhrt, die zur vollen Erfassung des mittelalterlichen Theaters in seiner Doppelnatur als Text und Auffuhrung notig sind.1 Wie beim jetzigen DFGSymposion ging es Linke um eine Standortbestimmung seines Faches innerhalb einer methodologischen Neuorientierung, die sich gegenuber sozial- und kulturhistorischen Forschungsbereichen zunehmend offnete. Dieser Ende der 1960er Jahre einsetzende Neuanfang machte sich vor allem archivalische Spielbelege zunutze, die die Einbettung des Dramas in einen nuancierteren Spielkontext erlaubten, und brachte u. a. zwei grundlegende Werke hervor: Bernd Neumanns ›Geistliches Schauspiel im Zeugnis der Zeit‹ und Rolf Bergmanns ›Katalog der deutschsprachigen Spiele und Marienklagen des Mittelalters‹.2 Die neue Besinnung auf die Quellen machte auserdem den Mangel an gattungsadaquaten Editionsprinzipien spurbar, so dass ein Hauptschwerpunkt der letzten Jahre die praktische sowie theoretische Arbeit auf editorischem Gebiet gebildet hat.3 Die anhaltende Bemuhung, das mittelalterliche Theater von sich aus zu verstehen, ist vielleicht nirgends so greifbar wie bei der jungst vorgelegten Studie zu den Eigenbezeichnungen des deutschsprachigen Spiels von Matthias Schulz.4
Population Dynamics of the Wheat Curl Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) During the Heading Stages of Winter Wheat

The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) is the only known vector of three viruses in wheat-Wheat streak mosaic virus, Wheat mosaic virus, and Triticum mosaic virus. The economic impact of this disease complex is linked to the presence of suitable hosts prior to winter wheat maturing in early summer and the movement of wheat curl mite from wheat to oversummering hosts prior to wheat harvest. Previous research has documented the prevalence and density of mite populations on maturing wheat heads; however, these studies were limited to a few late stages of wheat. A study was conducted to evaluate mite population densities across all stages of head development to determine when wheat curl mites are most abundant and the relative increase in abundance over time. In addition, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of rainfall on mite populations during wheat heading. A final study was conducted to determine the potential for direct infestation of seedlings germinating from wheat curl mite-infested wheat heads. Results showed a rapid buildup in mite populations from low densities in early heading and peaking at the hard dough stage, with nearly all wheat heads having some mite presence. In addition, high mite populations resulted in direct infestation of germinated seedlings from the early through hard dough stages. Rainfall applications had no observable impact on mite population densities in wheat heads. These results demonstrate the increased potential for mites to infest hosts prior to winter wheat maturing and illustrate the increased risk for these hosts to serve as oversummering hosts.
Thermodynamic properties of fission products (Pr, Ce, Er) in liquid bismuth by thermodynamic assessment

Abstract The binary systems of Bi-Pr, Bi-Ce, and Bi-Er were thermodynamically assessed by the CALPHAD method based on the available experimental data utilizing sub-regular model and the two-sublattice model. Enthalpies and entropies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of liquid phase at different concentrations were calculated. The activity coefficients of fission products in liquid bismuth at different concentrations and temperatures were also obtained, which supplements the existing data that are limited to dilution cases. Additionally, the change patterns of the activity with concentration of these three systems were analyzed and discussed. Based on the phase diagram assessed in the study, the correlations for the temperature-dependent solubility of the fission products in liquid bismuth were also developed. The present study provides fundamental data in a broad concentration range when liquid bismuth is applied as extraction media for the separation of fission products from a molten salt.
An Experimental Examination of Hedging and Portfolio Selection

Investors do not hold portfolios of assets that appear to be optimal. This paper reports the results of four experiments designed to inform us about how individuals make portfolio allocation decisions. Across all four experiments, we use a very simple experimental design with two risky assets that have payoffs that are perfectly negatively correlated so that participants can eliminate all risk. Participants make investment allocation decisions over a series of periods. Each period portfolios can be rebalanced at no cost because the assets are traded at a fixed price set equal to the expected payoff. Hence, all risk can be eliminated by simply holding the stocks in equal numbers. We find that participants, in general, do not hold balanced portfolios, except under very specific conditions. In particular, participants tend to hold a balanced portfolio when no outcome feedback is provided over time and their payout is contingent on a single period. Absent these specific conditions, we find that individuals make decisions that are consistent with cognitive bias, including the endowment effect and gambler’s fallacy.
Broadband Terahertz Refraction Index Dispersion and Loss of Polymeric Dielectric Substrate and Packaging Materials

In the effort to push the high-frequency performance of electronic circuits and signal interconnects from millimeter waves to beyond 1 THz, a quantitative knowledge of complex refraction index values and dispersion in potential dielectric substrate, encapsulation, waveguide, and packaging materials becomes critical. Here we present very broadband measurements of the real and imaginary index spectra of four polymeric dielectric materials considered for use in high-frequency electronics: benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), the photoresist SU-8, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Reflectance and transmittance spectra from ~ 3 to 75 THz were made using a Fourier transform spectrometer on freestanding material samples. These data were quantitatively analyzed, taking into account multiple partial reflections from front and back surfaces and molecular bond resonances, where applicable, to generate real and imaginary parts of the refraction index as a function of frequency. All materials showed signatures of infrared active organic molecular bond resonances between 10 and 50 THz. Low-loss transmission windows as well as anti-window bands of high dispersion and loss can be readily identified and incorporated into high-frequency design models.
Effect of Blast Injury on Auditory Localization in Military Service Members.

Objectives Among the many advantages of binaural hearing are the abilities to localize sounds in space and to attend to one sound in the presence of many sounds. Binaural hearing provides benefits for all listeners, but it may be especially critical for military personnel who must maintain situational awareness in complex tactical environments with multiple speech and noise sources. There is concern that Military Service Members who have been exposed to one or more high-intensity blasts during their tour of duty may have difficulty with binaural and spatial ability due to degradation in auditory and cognitive processes. The primary objective of this study was to assess the ability of blast-exposed Military Service Members to localize speech sounds in quiet and in multisource environments with one or two competing talkers. Design Participants were presented with one, two, or three topic-related (e.g., sports, food, travel) sentences under headphones and required to attend to, and then locate the source of, the sentence pertaining to a prespecified target topic within a virtual space. The listener's head position was monitored by a head-mounted tracking device that continuously updated the apparent spatial location of the target and competing speech sounds as the subject turned within the virtual space. Measurements of auditory localization ability included mean absolute error in locating the source of the target sentence, the time it took to locate the target sentence within 30 degrees, target/competitor confusion errors, response time, and cumulative head motion. Twenty-one blast-exposed Active-Duty or Veteran Military Service Members (blast-exposed group) and 33 non-blast-exposed Service Members and beneficiaries (control group) were evaluated. Results In general, the blast-exposed group performed as well as the control group if the task involved localizing the source of a single speech target. However, if the task involved two or three simultaneous talkers, localization ability was compromised for some participants in the blast-exposed group. Blast-exposed participants were less accurate in their localization responses and required more exploratory head movements to find the location of the target talker. Conclusions Results suggest that blast-exposed participants have more difficulty than non-blast-exposed participants in localizing sounds in complex acoustic environments. This apparent deficit in spatial hearing ability highlights the need to develop new diagnostic tests using complex listening tasks that involve multiple sound sources that require speech segregation and comprehension.
Engaging a community through social media-based topics and interactions

Social media collected over time using keywords, hashtags and accounts associated with a particular geographic community might reflect that community’s main events, topics of discussion, and social interactions. We are interested in evidence for the support of community involvement that the aggregated Web pages and social media might help to create. We collected and analyzed Twitter data related to a geographic area over a two-year period to identify and characterize relevant topics and social interactions, and to evaluate the support for community involvement that such Twitter use might indicate. This kind of data collection has built-in biases, of course, just as local print media or online newsgroups do. We analyzed our data using the open source tool NodeXL to identify topics and their changes over time, and to create social graphs based on retweets and @ mentions that suggest interactions around topics. Our findings show: 1) distinct topics; 2) large and small clusters of social interactions around a variety of topics; 3) patterns suggesting what are called ‘community clusters’ and ‘tight crowd’ types of conversations; and, 4) evidence that Twitter supports local community involvement among users. Modeling topics over time and displaying visualizations of social interactions around different topics in a community can offer insights into the important events and issues during a given period. Such visualizations also reveal hidden (or obscure) topics due to a smaller number of participants — whether government representatives, voluntary associations, or citizens. There is clear evidence that Twitter supports social interaction and informal discussion or exchange around local topics among users, thereby facilitating community involvement.
Brain oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest.

Quantitative measurements of oxygen distribution in the microcirculation of the brain cortex of newborn piglets were made during different modes of cardiopulmonary bypass. Three groups of animals, anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, were studied. The first group of animals were maintained on normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at a flow of 100mUkg/min, while the second and third groups underwent low flow hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (40 ml/kg/min at 18±C) (LFCPB) and deep hypothermic (18±C) circulatory arrest (DHCA), respectively. After bypass, the piglets were monitored for a two hours post-bypass recovery period.
Stochastic analysis on differential structures

In most of the preceding work on stochastic integral and differential analysis, the study was based on the real line as its range space as well as its parameter set. However, modern developments demand that we consider the analogous theory on differential structures, more general than the real line. In this final chapter we first discuss the conformal properties of martingales with values in the complex plane and then devote Section 2 for a formulation and an extension of the work on certain (differential or smooth) manifolds, leading to Malliavin’s approach to the hypoellipticity problem. The study continues in Section 3 by discussing semimartingales with ℝn, n ≥ 2, as the parameter set. There are substantial difficulties in this extension due to a lack of linear ordering. We observe that, even here, the L2,2-boundedness principle relative to a (σ-finite) measure is at work and corresponding stochastic integrals can be defined. Finally we indicate in Section 4 how one considers stochastic partial differential equations in this context. Then some complements to the preceding work are given, as in earlier chapters, in the last section to conclude this monograph.
Effect of oxygen on the electrical transport in RuO2

The resistivity pis metallic and linear in temperature above 150 K, indicating primarily phonon scattering. The resistivities vary by an order of magnitude with the amount of oxygen in the chamber, even though all films are, within 8%, stoichiometric RuO2 These variations are correlated with changes in microstructure. A minimum in p is observed at 50% O2, although the residual resistance ratio is monotonically decreasing with percentage O2 and increasing with the grain size. In the grain boundary scattering model this minimum is mirrored in the minimum in the reflection coefficient at the boundaries. However, there is some evidence of changing carrier concentration with oxygen and a simple boundary scattering picture may not be adequate.
Engaging Solidarity in Data Collection Practices for Community Health

Researchers and practitioners engaged in global health are increasingly turning to data-driven approaches. However, the institutionalized roles and responsibilities---as well as motivations and workflows---of those involved in data collection are not well understood. To attain a deeper understanding of the practices of frontline health workers engaged in data collection, we conducted fieldwork in underserved contexts of Delhi, India. In particular, we interviewed these workers and observed their interactions with 200 households. Our analysis takes a postcolonial feminist perspective to examine how these frontline health workers navigate the multiple demands placed on them by their families, society, local residents, and health organizations. We also discuss how they practice feminist solidarity, and distill lessons for improved data collection across global health initiatives.
The asymptotic theory of extreme order statistics

Abstract. Let X j denote the life length of the j th component of a machine. In reliability theory, one is interested in the life length Z n of the machine where n signifies its number of components. Evidently, Z n = min (X j : 1 ≤ j ≤ n). Another important problem, which is extensively discussed in the literature, is the service time W n of a machine with n components. If Y j is the time period required for servicing the j th component, then W n = max (Y j : 1 ≤ j ≤ n). In the early investigations, it was usually assumed that the X's or Y's are stochastically independent and identically distributed random variables. If n is large, then asymptotic theory is used for describing Z n or W n . Classical theory thus gives that the (asymptotic) distribution of these extremes (Z n or W n ) is of Weibull type. While the independence assumptions are practically never satisfied, data usually fits well the assumed Weibull distribution. This contradictory situation leads to the following mathematical problems: (i) What type of dependence property of the X's (or the Y's) will result in a Weibull distribution as the asymptotic law of Z n (or W n )? (ii) given the dependence structure of the X's (or Y's), what type of new asymptotic laws can be obtained for Z n (or W n )? The aim of the present paper is to analyze the recent development of the (mathematical) theory of the asymptotic distribution of extremes in the light of the questions (i) and (ii). Several dependence concepts will be introduced, each of which leads to a solution of (i). In regard to (ii), the following result holds: the class of limit laws of extremes for exchangeable variables is identical to the class of limit laws of extremes for arbitrary random variables. One can therefore limit attention to exchangeable variables. The basic references to this paper are the author's recent papers in Duke Math. J. 40 (1973), 581–586, J. Appl. Probability 10 (1973, 122–129 and 11 (1974), 219–222 and Zeitschrift fur Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie 32 (1975), 197–207. For multivariate extensions see H. A. David and the author, J. Appl. Probability 11 (1974), 762–770 and the author's paper in J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 70 (1975), 674–680. Finally, we shall point out the difficulty of distinguishing between several distributions based on data. Hence, only a combination of theoretical results and experimentations can be used as conclusive evidence on the laws governing the behavior of extremes.
Be Constructive: Learning Computational Thinking Using Scratch™ Online Community

Online learning communities are predicated on the assumption that social interaction among participants will lead to learning. Yet, research has shown that not all interactions result in learning and that there is a need to develop a more nuanced understanding of the nature of activities in online communities and their relationship with learning. We analyzed data from the Scratch™ online learning community, a platform designed to teach Computational Thinking (CT) through block-based activities, using the Differentiated Overt Learning Activities (DOLA) framework to assess learning. We found that users who engaged in constructive activities demonstrated higher learning, as illustrated by the complexity of their contributions, compared to users who were merely active on the platform. We compared users across two sub-communities within Scratch and found that participation and contributions across the two domains resulted in different learning outcomes, showcasing the effect of context on learning within online communities.
Interaction Between Waves, Current and Morphology Change at Tillamook Inlet

The narrow jetty configuration of Tillamook Inlet functions to constrict tidal flow, increase current speed, and prevent sediment deposition. However, the interaction of strong currents with incoming ocean waves over the inlet’s ebb shoal can amplify and complicate the wave environment at the inlet entrance. In this study, the Coastal Modeling System (CMS) was used to investigate time- and space-varying wave and current conditions affecting boating operations at Tillamook Inlet and quantify the effects of physical processes. Wave simulations with refraction, shoaling, and breaking provided estimates of wave-related parameters of interest to the navigable region at Tillamook. The simulation results showed the winter storms produced larger wave steepness and wave dissipation at the inlet complex, which were also closely associated with the bathymetry of ebb shoal. The flood currents weakened wave dissipation, while ebb currents increased wave dissipation over the ebb shoal and across the USCG recommended south passage in/out of the inlet. The effect of South Jetty shortening was localized to the immediate vicinity of the South Jetty. The calculated wave steepness and wave dissipation indicated that a south passage out of the inlet would be safer than a course straight out passing over the bar or a course turning to NW direction.
Nonparametric Finite Time LTI System Identification

We address the problem of learning the parameters of a stable linear time invariant (LTI) system or linear dynamical system (LDS) with unknown latent space dimension, or order, from a single time--series of noisy input-output data. We focus on learning the best lower order approximation allowed by finite data. Motivated by subspace algorithms in systems theory, where the doubly infinite system Hankel matrix captures both order and good lower order approximations, we construct a Hankel-like matrix from noisy finite data using ordinary least squares. This circumvents the non-convexities that arise in system identification, and allows accurate estimation of the underlying LTI system. Our results rely on careful analysis of self-normalized martingale difference terms that helps bound identification error up to logarithmic factors of the lower bound. We provide a data-dependent scheme for order selection and find an accurate realization of system parameters, corresponding to that order, by an approach that is closely related to the Ho-Kalman subspace algorithm. We demonstrate that the proposed model order selection procedure is not overly conservative, i.e., for the given data length it is not possible to estimate higher order models or find higher order approximations with reasonable accuracy.
EXPLORING THE VERIDICALITY AND REACTIVITY OF SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF AWARENESS: IS A “GUESS” REALLY A GUESS?

Subjective measures (SMs) of awareness assume (a) participants can accurately report the implicit/explicit status of their knowledge and (b) the act of reporting does not change that knowledge. However, SMs suffer from nonveridicality (e.g., overreporting of “guess” responses) and reactivity (e.g., prompting rule search). Attempting to improve the validity of “guess” responses, we conducted an exploratory mixed-methods replication of Rebuschat et al. (2013). Participants (N = 30) were randomly assigned to Traditional, True Guess, and NoSMs conditions. True Guess participants were led to believe the computer would replace “guess” responses with random answers. Confirming that SMs are reactive, Traditional and True Guess participants responded more slowly and accurately, with greater awareness of the linguistic target. Moreover, although True Guess participants responded “guess” less frequently, interviews revealed this was due not to greater veridicality, but rather to additional reactivity. We conclude with directions for further research to enhance the validity of SMs.
Pad-Based CDM ESD Protection Methods Are Faulty

Charged device model (CDM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection remains a huge challenge for integrated circuit (IC) reliability designs. The “internal-oriented” CDM model and the “external-oriented” human body model (HBM) describe fundamentally different ESD phenomena. Through the comprehensive analysis, this article concludes that the classic pad-based ESD protection methods, commonly used for “from-external-to-internal” HBM ESD protection, are theoretically not working for “from-internal-to-external” CDM ESD protection. It states that the actual internal distribution of static charges within a chip is vitally critical to CDM ESD protection. The discovery explains the potential root cause of the randomness and uncertainty of pad-based CDM ESD protection designs commonly observed today, hence calls for new CDM ESD protection solutions.
Abstract 13654: Air Pollution, Environmental Greenness, and Total Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

Introduction: Air quality is a major environmental determinant of health. Environmental greenness – a measure of vegetative presence – has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseas...
A three-dimensional model of flagellar swimming in a Brinkman fluid

We investigate three-dimensional flagellar swimming in a fluid with a sparse network of stationary obstacles or fibres. The Brinkman equation is used to model the average fluid flow where a flow-dependent term, including a resistance parameter that is inversely proportional to the permeability, captures the effects of the fibres on the fluid. To solve for the local linear and angular velocities that are coupled to the flagellar motion, we extend the method of regularized Brinkmanlets to incorporate a Kirchhoff rod, discretized as point forces and torques along a centreline. Representing a flagellum as a Kirchhoff rod, we investigate emergent waveforms for different preferred strain and twist functions. Since the Kirchhoff rod formulation allows for out-of-plane motion, in addition to studying a preferred planar sine wave configuration, we also study a preferred helical configuration. Our numerical method is validated by comparing results to asymptotic swimming speeds derived for an infinite-length cylinder propagating planar or helical waves. Similar to the asymptotic analysis for both planar and helical bending, we observe that with small amplitude bending, swimming speed is always enhanced relative to the case with no fibres in the fluid (Stokes) as the resistance parameter is increased. For regimes not accounted for with asymptotic analysis, i.e. large amplitude planar and helical bending, our model results show a non-monotonic change in swimming speed with respect to the resistance parameter; a maximum swimming speed is observed when the resistance parameter is near one. The non-monotonic behaviour is due to the emergent waveforms; as the resistance parameter increases, the swimmer becomes incapable of achieving the amplitude of its preferred configuration. We also show how simulation results of slower swimming speeds for larger resistance parameters are actually consistent with the asymptotic swimming speeds if work in the system is fixed.
Modernist Animals and Bioaesthetics

A bioaesthetic critical framework suggests that the artistic impulse itself is profoundly trans-species. That is, art has its roots in creatural, bodily becomings first and foremost, not in human cognitive assessments of beauty. This chapter discusses the modernist, bioaesthetic sensibility by highlighting the entanglement of human and nonhuman aesthetic forces in D. H. Lawrence’s texts. I consider well-known novels like Women in Love (1920), alongside more minor works such as “The Escaped Cock” (1929) and the essay “Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine” (1925). My readings of these texts emphasize rhythmic becomings, painterly animal bodies, territorial creativity, and “dandy” animals to argue that a bioaesthetic orientation turns toward the animal in new frameworks for understanding aesthetic forces, enacting a shift from an anthropocentric to a trans-species conception of art itself, where aesthetic impulses form part of the evolutionary history of humans and nonhuman animals alike.
Tuplex: Data Science in Python at Native Code Speed

Today's data science pipelines often rely on user-defined functions (UDFs) written in Python. But interpreted Python code is slow, and Python UDFs cannot be compiled to machine code easily. We present Tuplex, a new data analytics framework that just in-time compiles developers' natural Python UDFs into efficient, end-to-end optimized native code. Tuplex introduces a novel dual-mode execution model that compiles an optimized fast path for the common case, and falls back on slower exception code paths for data that fail to match the fast path's assumptions. Dual-mode execution is crucial to making end-to-end optimizing compilation tractable: by focusing on the common case, Tuplex keeps the code simple enough to apply aggressive optimizations. Thanks to dual-mode execution, Tuplex pipelines always complete even if exceptions occur, and Tuplex's post-facto exception handling simplifies debugging. We evaluate Tuplex with data science pipelines over real-world datasets. Compared to Spark and Dask, Tuplex improves end-to-end pipeline runtime by 5-91x and comes within 1.1-1.7x of a hand-optimized C++ baseline. Tuplex outperforms other Python compilers by 6x and competes with prior, more limited query compilers. Optimizations enabled by dual-mode processing improve runtime by up to 3x, and Tuplex performs well in a distributed setting on serverless functions.
The Impact of Student-Centered Learning through Use of Peer Feedback in the Dance Technique Classroom

This study compares two methods of teaching a dance technique class to determine which yields a greater increase in high school students’ technical skills. The historic, widely accepted method of t...