cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure by Doppler Echocardiography in Dogs with Pacing‐Induced Heart Failure

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common clinical syndrome characterized by elevated filling pressure. Hypothesis: Doppler echocardiographic (DE) variables of left ventricular (LV) filling can predict a decline of LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) induced by acute preload reduction in dogs with compensated CHF. Animals: Five male hound dogs. Methods: Dogs previously instrumented with a transvenous cardiac pacemaker and a LV pressure gauge were paced at 160–180 bpm to induce mild CHF characterized by LVEDP > 20 mmHg. LVEDP and 9 DE variables of LV filling derived from diastolic time intervals, transmitral and pulmonary venous flow, and tissue Doppler imaging were measured simultaneously at baseline and 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after furosemide (4 mg/kg, IV) or placebo (0.9% saline, IV). Repeated measures analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used to determine the association between the decline of LVEDP after furosemide and DE measures of LV filling pressure (LVFP). Results: Furosemide but not placebo decreased LVEDP (P < .001). The ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to LV isovolumic relaxation time (E : IVRT) predicted LVEDP best (R2= .50; P < .001). Correlations were also found between LVEDP and IVRT, E, ratio between E and late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E : A), and early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (Ea). The ratio of E to Ea (E : Ea) was not useful in the prediction of LVEDP in this model. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: E : IVRT can be used to predict LVFP in dogs with mild left-sided CHF induced by rapid pacing.
A read-shockley model for high-angle grain boundaries

Description de la forme de la variation de l'energie du joint, en fonction de l'angle du joint. Comparaison avec d'autres simulations
Uterine receptivity in the baboon : Modulation by chorionic gonadotropin

Embryonic signals not only rescue the corpus luteum but also modulate the uterine environment in preparation for implantation. Chorionic gonadotropin (CG), an early embryonic signal, is one such molecule. In vivo studies in the baboon show that CG alters the morphology and biochemical activity of the uterus, especially with respect to the three major cell types: luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, and stromal fibroblasts. Further, CG and progesterone have a synergistic effect on the receptive endometrium. CG action on the endometrial cells is transduced via a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor. Possible signaling pathways involved are discussed.
Schistosoma mansoni: sterol and phospholipid composition of cercariae, schistosomula, and adults.

Abstract The sterol and phospholipid composition of cercariae, schistosomula, and adult Schistosoma mansoni was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cercariae and schistosomula contained cholesterol, desmosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol while adults contained only cholesterol. In all stages cholesterol comprised greater than 50% of the total sterols, and in cercariae and schistosomula desmosterol comprised 38 and 21% of the total sterols, respectively. The other three sterols, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, made up approximately 10% of the total. The same five sterols found in cercariae and schistosomula were present in the hepatopancreas of uninfected snails but with a much higher desmosterol concentration in the parasite, 38%, than in the snail, 2%. As in cercariae and schistosomula the three minor sterols comprised approximately 10%. Thus, the sterol composition of cercariae and schistosomula was similar but not identical to that of the snail host. Phosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid of all three stages (50%) as determined by two HPLC procedures. The remaining phospholipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol. In addition, in adults there were small quantities of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. The percentage of each phospholipid was similar among stages with the exception of a slight increase in phosphatidylserine in adults compared to cercariae and schistosomula. These results show that a characteristic lipid composition is found in cercariae, schistosomula, and adults.
Nucleic acid precursor synthesis by Plasmodium lophurae parasitizing chicken erythrocytes.

Abstract Chicken erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium lophurae were cultured in vitro in the presence of glycine-2-14C, glycine-U-14C, and 14C-Na-formate for 10–16 hr. Purines isolated from the acid-soluble fraction (ASF), RNA and DNA of parasitized blood exposed to 14C-glycine contained specific activities equivalent to those of uninfected erythrocyte purines. However, parasitized blood samples incorporated 14C-Na-formate into ASF, RNA and DNA purines to a much greater extent than uninfected blood; the ratio of incorporated formate vs glycine by infected blood samples indicated the absence of a complete de novo purine pathway, but failed to rule out the existence of a partial de novo purine pathway in the host-parasite complex. Adenine-8-14C and 14C-orotic acid served as purine and pyrimidine nucleotide precursors, respectively, in the P. lophurae-chicken erythrocyte complex; 14C-uracil did not serve as an effective pyrimidine nucleotide precursor under in vitro conditions. Autoradiographic studies failed to demonstrate either the in vivo or in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine or 3H-uridine into the nucleic acids of intraerythrocytic stages of P. lophurae.
Synthetic Arbitrage CDOS

Synthetic arbitrage collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) use derivatives technology to transfer credit risk inherent in a pool of credits to capital markets investors, while at the same time exploiting spread mismatch between assets and liabilities within the transaction. Their emergence has been fueled by the explosive growth of the credit derivatives market and by their appealing features, which include short bullet maturities, brief asset accumulation periods, flexible structures, and spreads that are attractive relative to cash CDOs and corporate bonds. Despite these and many other attractions, the growth of this market has been hampered over the past few years by problems relating mainly to structure and to the quality of the underlying portfolio. Now, experience with this asset class has led to three areas of marked improvements that promise to reinvigorate this asset class: 1) portfolio asset selection methods have become more transparent and sophisticated and the ability to substitute reference credits has become more prevalent; 2) structures have evolved to balance the risks and rewards more fairly across the entire CDO capital structure; the borrowing of performance triggers from cash CDO structures has made mezzanine tranche return profiles more stable; and 3) credit default swap documentation has improved and has become standardized as it relates to the determination of a credit event and the valuation of the reference obligation post-default.
Time capsules are not a panacea: A reply to Vernon

Abstract Vernon (1986) and I do not disagree on much. The main point of my critique—that there is much more to intelligence than mental speed—holds.
Epidural spread after continuous cervical paravertebral block: a case report.

Background and Objective: This report illustrates epidural spread after continuous cervical paravertebral block (CCPVB). By fluoroscopy, it also explains the mechanism of the complication. Case Report: A healthy 22-year-old male developed bilateral upper-extremity motor weakness immediately after placement of a continuous cervical paravertebral block for postoperative pain control after shoulder stabilization surgery. The tip of the stimulating catheter was demonstrated in the C7 neuroforamen. Contrast injected through the catheter demonstrated epidural spread. The contralateral block resolved after 4 hours and the patient suffered no respiratory embarrassment or other untoward sequelae. Conclusion: Continuous cervical paravertebral block is a relatively new, but generally well-accepted, modality for postoperative pain control after major surgery to the upper limb. Epidural spread is recognized as a complication. In this particular case, medial placement of the catheter was possibly caused by unintentional medial direction of the bevel of the Tuohy needle. Meticulous attention to the direction of the needle bevel and early recognition and management of adverse events are mandatory. The same principles may apply for continuous thoracic, lumbar, and sacral paravertebral blocks.
THE UH NICMOS-3 NEAR-INFRARED CAMERA

The UH Near Infrared Camera is equipped with a NICMOS-3 HgCdTe detector array sensitive from -1 to 2.5 microns and produced by the Rockwell International Science Center for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi Object Spectrometer Project (NICMOS). In our camera, the NICMOS-3 array operates with 53 electrons read-noise in double correlated sampling mode. A dark current below 1 electron per second at an operating temperature of 60 K has been achieved. The device works linearly within 1% up to 250000 electrons (2/3 full-well) at 1.0 V bias. Techniques for further reduction in read-noise and dark current are discussed. The only significant remaining problem is a residual excess dark current, remaining from previous exposure of the device.
Alterations in adenine nucleotide metabolism in the gulf killifish fundulus grandis induced by low ph water

Abstract 1. 1. Exposure of Fundulus grandis to sub-lethal levels of acidity resulted in decreased adenylate energy charge in brain, gill, liver and muscle tissues. 2. 2. ATP concentration was significantly decreased in all tissues of fish exposed to pH 5.0 and 4.0 for 96 hr. 3. 3. The total adenine nucleotide pool was significantly decreased in brain, gill and liver tissues, but only moderately in muscle. 4. 4. The hydrogen ion concentration was more effective in altering adenylate metabolism than the length of exposure to low pH water.
Iteration aware prefetching for unstructured grids

Due to the increasing quality of instruments and availability of computational resources, the size of spatial scientific datasets has been steadily increasing. However, much of the research on efficient storage and access to spatial datasets has focused on large multidimensional arrays. In contrast, unstructured datasets consisting of collections of simplices (e.g. triangles or tetrahedra) present special challenges that have received less attention. Data values found at the vertices of the simplices may be dispersed throughout a datafile, producing especially poor disk locality. In this paper, we address this important problem of poor locality in two major ways. First, we reorganize the unstructured dataset to improve locality in both the dataset space and in the data file on disk using a specialized chunking approach that maintains the spatial neighborhood relationships inherent in the unstructured data. This reorganization produces significant gains in performance by reducing the number of accesses made to the data file. Second, we extend our previous work and describe a prefetching method that takes advantage of prior knowledge of the user's access pattern. Applying this prefetching method to unstructured data produces further performance gains over and above the gains seen from reorganization alone.
Conventional building materials as protective barriers in dental roentgenographic installations.

An x-ray unit operating at 70 to 125 kvp, with 0.5 mm aluminum filtration, was used for transmission measurements on various commercial wall structural materials; cinder block with Portland cement or barium montar and tile facings, gypsum Pyrobar, gypsum plaster on metal lathes, and prefabricated steel. Each wall section was roentgenographed to determine the locations of minimum and maximum shielding. The locations were marked on the wall sections, and transmission measurements were taken at these points. Lead-attenuation data were also obtained, and wall transmission data were converted to lead equivalents, using the lead-attenuation data, and to concrete equivalents. A dental roentgenographic room with some typical barrier protection problems is illustrated and the maximum shielding that would be required in such an installation is discussed. Shielding requirements are shown for several work loads ranging from that encountered in a typical dental office to that of a busy dental roentgenographic installation. Attenuation measurements on the samples made under conditions of narrow-beam geometry indicated that the effective atomic number of all the materials except the barium mortar was sufficiently close to that of concrete to permit the use of the concrete broad-beam mass-absorption coefficient for computing changes in attenuation due to slight changesmore » in the thickness of any one of the component pants of a wall. The results on typical wall sections indicate that conventional walls provide significant and often adequate shielding in the dental voltage range. (TCO)« less
Ten day administration of desipramine produces an increase in KL/KH for β-receptors in rat hippocampus

Abstract The action of chronic desipramine administration on agonist and antagonist binding to β-adrenoceptors was investigated in rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. Ten day treatment with desipramine (10 mg/kg per day i.p.) resulted in a significant 34% decrease in the density of β-adrenoceptors in membranes from rat frontal cortex but not hippocampus. The K D values for antagonist (iodocyanopindolol) did not change in either tissue after the desipramine treatment. Desipramine had no effect on the affinity of the agonist isoproterenol in frontal cortex. The percentage of receptors in the high affinity state for isoproterenol (% R H ) decreased by 11% in the membranes from frontal cortex after desipramine administration. In contrast, in hippocampal membranes, desipramine treatment produced a decrease in K H (dissociation constant for isoproterenol binding to the high affinity state) and consequently a 137% increase in the ratio of dissociation constants for isoproterenol to the low and high affinity conformations (K L /K H ; an putative index of coupling). This observation is new and suggests possibke supercoupling of β-adrenoceptors in hippocampus during desipramine treatment. Thus, in addition to desensitization of β-adrenoceptors in rat frontal cortex ten day administration of desipramine causes a change compatible with supercoupling of β-receptors in hippocampal membranes.
Enabling Human Micro-Presence through Small-Screen Head-up Display Devices

One of the main ways that humans learn is by interacting with peers, in context. When we don't know which bus to take, how to prepare plantains, or how to use a certain app, we ask a nearby peer. If the right peer is not around, we can use a mobile device to connect to a remote peer. To get the desired answer, though, we need to find the right person, and have the right affordances to send and receive the relevant information. In this paper, we define a class of micro-presence systems for just-in-time micro-interactions with remote companions, and explore dimensions of the design space. Informed by theories of contextual memory and situated learning, we present TagAlong, a micro-presence system conceived for learning a second language in context with help from a remote native speaker. TagAlong uses a connected head-mounted camera and head-up display device to share images of the wearer's visual context with remote peers. The remote companion can convey knowledge using these images as a point of reference-- images are sampled, annotated and then sent back to the wearer in real time. We report on a quantitative experiment to determine the effectiveness of using visual cues that involve spatial and photographic elements as a means of "pointing" at things to draw the wearer's attention to them.
In vivo occupancy of dopamine receptors by antipsychotic drugs.

To the Editor. — Clozapine hydrochloride, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been reported to occupy fewer striatal D 2 dopamine receptors ( DRD2 ) (38% to 63%) than typical neuroleptic drugs (>70%), as determined by positron emission tomography (PET) using raclopride labeled with carbon 11. 1-3 Furthermore, clozapine has been shown by PET studies using 11 CSchering 23390 as ligand to occupy more D 1 dopamine receptors ( DRD1 ) than typical neuroleptics. 2,3 See also p 538. Decreased DRD2 and increased DRD1 occupancy has been suggested as the explanation of why clozapine does not produce extrapyramidal symptoms in humans. 3 We have offered an alternative theory, namely, that clozapine produces fewer extrapyramidal symptoms because of its higher serotonin 2 (5-HT 2 ) receptor-blocking properties compared with its DRD2 -blocking properties. 4 We have also suggested that the latter mechanism is relevant to the antipsychotic advantages of clozapine. 5 Others 5,6 have suggested that the
Infinite channel queueing system with controlled input

We study a queueing model of type Gâ/M/∞ with a nonrecurrent input. The intensity of the input stream is regulated at epochs of successive starts of customers moving from the source to the system, and it is dependent on the number of busy channels. We consider three groups of channels. Such a division is connected with different expenditures of servicing within each of the groups. It is worthwhile to control the input rate in order to minimize the long-run average cost. The basic process is the number of busy channels. We derive its limiting distribution explicitly by introducing an auxiliary two-dimensional Markov process and treating the corresponding Kolmogorov system of differential equations. We also use some properties of semiregenerative processes. The limiting distributions are used to solve an optimization problem.
Proteolytic enhancement of rotavirus infectivity: biologic mechanisms.

Abstract The ability of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes to enhance rotavirus infectivity in both permissive and semipermissive cell lines was studied. Of the pancreatic enzymes, only the endopeptidases trypsin and elastase (or an unidentified acid-resistant contaminant of elastase) reproducibly enhanced rotavirus infectivity. Titers of infectious virus increased consistently with exposure to increasing trypsin or elastase concentrations up to 1 unit/ml or 2 μg/ml, respectively. These enzyme levels represented the maximum effective concentrations for enhancement of simian, calf, and porcine rotaviruses. When trypsin was added to purified double-shelled virus particles or crude stocks immediately preceding plaque assay, the enhancement in titers ranged from two-to ninefold, demonstrating that less than 50% of the particles within a rotavirus stock are fully infectious without trypsin treatment. When trypsin was present in the culture medium during multiple cycles of virus replication, the enhancement effect ranged from 10- to 1000-fold. The degree of enhancement observed was dependent upon the initial multiplicity of infection and the host cell line employed. Studies with semipermissive Vero cells showed that trypsin treatment allowed multiple rounds of rotavirus replication to occur in these normally restrictive cells. The data suggest that trypsin acts early in the replicative cycle by exerting a direct effect on virus particles in the extracellular environment whereby noninfectious particles are converted to infectious particles. Finally, the recognized inhibitory effect of fetal bovine serum on rotavirus replication appears to be due to antiprotease activity of serum.
Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular aneurysm due to unrecognized sarcoidosis

Cardiac involvement due to sarcoidosis is well recognized. Arrhythmias have been recognized in up to 50% of patients who have cardiac involvement. We report on two patients with no systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis who presented with refractory ventricular tachycardia. Evaluation demonstrated atypical left ventricular "aneurysms" with normal coronary arteries. Surgical pathology demonstrated granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Despite extensive surgical resection, they continued to have symptomatic ventricular tachycardia requiring implantation of a defibrillator. Recognition of sarcoidosis as an etiology for ventricular tachycardia and aneurysm is important for possible avoidance of surgery.
Politics, Murder, and Love in Stalin's Kremlin: The Story of Nikolai Bukharin and Anna Larina

Paul R. Gregory, Politics, Murder, and Love in Stalin's Kremlin: The Story of Nikolai Bukharin and Anna Larina. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2010, xx + 191pp., $19.00 p/b. In a confusing...
Critical Thought within the Social Welfare Policy Course

Critical thought is a necessary element for proficient practice in social work at both the micro and macro levels. For this reason, social work educators must seek to integrate critical thought in BSW and MSW curricula. This article provides a method for achieving this integration in the social welfare policy course. The method includes the four following phases: instruction regarding logical errors, presentation of logical errors in contemporary political debate, demonstration of critical thought in policy position analysis, and self-assessment of one's own logic. The implications of this method for practice in a values-based context are discussed.
Detecting specific saccharides via a single indicator

An improved synthesis of a rhodamine boronic acid indicator is reported. This compound is used in an optimized data collection protocol for wavelength- and time-dependent selectivity of sugars such as fructose and ribose derivatives. One indicator is thus used to selectively distinguish structurally related sugar analytes.
Surfaces from mono and stereo images

Abstract There is obvious need in the mapping community for significant advance in the level of automated stereo compilation [9]. Computer-based digital compilation provides the reflexibity and sophistication necessary for this advance. Domains of mapping application range from natural terrain to cultural sites, and these both present extreme difficulties for traditional area-based cross-correlation mapping techniques. Digital compilation comes in two basic flavors: area-based and feature-based. Recent results in feature-based matching have shown this to be, generally, a superior approach, and indicate that this will be an important source of advance for mapping capability [2, 10, 12]. We discuss here results and current of research in feature-based surface mapping at Stanford. Our discussion, while focussing on the analysis of stereo pairs, also describes research in 3-D surface inference from single images and techniques for using single image analysis to aid in stereo mapping.
Pentose phosphates formed by muscle aldolase.

Abstract 1. 1. The product of the condensation of glycolaldehyde and dihydroxyacetonephosphate, catalyzed by rabbit muscle a aldolase, is d -xylulose-1-phosphate. 2. 2. The product of the condensation of glycolaldehyde-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate is a diphosphoric ester of xylulose, presumably d -xylulose-1,5-diphosphate. 3. 3. Conditions are described for the separation of orthophosphate, diose phosphate, triose phosphate, xylulose-1-phosphate, fructose diphosphate and xylulose diphosphate on Dowex-1-chloride.
Should patients with TIAs be hospitalized

Some patients may need to be hospitalized for specific reasons. The important point is that TIAs are not benign and that the causes of TIAs should be urgently diagnosed and treated.
Depositional Processes and the Navajo Sandstone

Comparison of a vertical sequence of sedimentary and biogenic structures, grain size distributions, and lithologies suggests a similarity between the Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia, and an outcrop of the Navajo Sandstone near Woodside, Utah. Direct comparison between a Holocene environment and the characteristics of the ancient sandstone unit provided the basis for the suggested environmental interpretation.
Use of the Identified Patient as the Helper in Family Therapy

Family therapy can be used as an effective intervention to help alcoholic mothers and their children. The Adlerian approach to family therapy views the alcoholic family as discouraged, and treatmen...
Cost study of superheating geothermal steam

Abstract This study compares the electrical generating costs for hybrid plants, in which fossil fuel superheats geothermal steam, with those for conventional dual-flash plants. Parameters varied in the analysis include the resource temperature and the geothermal gradient. In order to make the results generally useful, we have made conservative estimates of site-dependent variables. The results indicate that superheating can significantly improve the economic competitiveness of geothermal resources that would normally be considered uneconomical. In addition, superheat will increase total plant outputs markedly and enhance thermal efficiencies by 30–40%.
Spatially periodic modulation of cortical patterns by long-range horizontal connections

Abstract We analyze spontaneous pattern formation in a continuum model of primary visual cortex that incorporates spatially periodic inhomogeneities in the distribution of long-range horizontal connections. These inhomogeneities reflect the underlying crystalline-like structure of cortex, as exemplified by the distribution of cytochrome oxidase blobs. We first solve the linear eigenvalue problem for a primary Turing instability, and show how the resulting activity pattern can lock to the underlying cortical lattice when certain resonance conditions are satisfied. This result is then extended to the weakly nonlinear regime by performing a multiple scale perturbation expansion of the nonlocal integro-differential equation that determines cortical activity. The resulting amplitude equation describes the effects of long-wavelength modulations of a primary roll pattern in the presence of periodic inhomogeneities, and is shown to exhibit a commensurate–incommensurate transition analogous to that found in convective fluid systems with external periodic forcing. Extensions of our theory to models of cortical development are briefly discussed.
Surface‐induced conformational switching in amphiphilic peptide segments of apolipoproteins B and E and model peptides†

The conformational and surface-binding properties of a synthetic peptide corresponding to Tyr-apolipoprotein B-100(1000-1016) amide, SP-4, which was previously shown to mimic the focal accumulation pattern of LDL on the healing de-endothelialized rabbit aorta [Shih et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1436-1440], have been investigated. SP-4 behaves as an amphiphilic alpha-helical peptide at the air-water interface and bound to siliconized quartz slides. However, its N alpha-acetylated analogue formed beta-sheet structures at the air-water interface. Nonhomologous peptide models of SP-4 also exhibited mixed alpha-helical and beta-sheet surface-binding behavior. Peptides corresponding to the cationic apolipoprotein (apo) B/E receptor binding regions of apoE (SP-2) and apoB (SP-11) were also studied. SP-2 behaved as an amphiphilic alpha helix, but, surprisingly, SP-11 formed surface-induced beta-sheets. These results demonstrate that all of the peptides studied have surface-binding properties, and suggest further that either alpha-helical or beta-sheet peptide structures may determine the binding of LDL to the arterial wall or the apoB/E receptor.
Causes of Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Yesterday and Today

Objective To ascertain the present common causes of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children and compare them with those of previous reports. Design A retrospective review of the medical records for all children with a diagnosis of SNHL seen from January 1, 1993, through September 30, 1996, at our institution. Setting A tertiary care children's hospital. Patients Three hundred one children, aged 1 week through 18 years, who presented for evaluation of SNHL. Results Of the 301 children, 68.1% had a definite or probable cause of their SNHL identified; 18.9%, 1 or more possible causes; and 31.9%, no obvious cause. A family history of SNHL or prematurity and/or complicated perinatal course was found in 28.6% of patients. Named syndromes, multiple congenital anomalies, meningitis, or prenatal maternal factors, including maternal prenatal substance abuse, were present in another 38.5%. However, syndromes commonly reported to be associated with SNHL, such as Waardenburg syndrome, were seen in less than 1% of patients. The average age at diagnosis was 3.02 years for the bilateral moderate or worse SNHL; for unilateral SNHL, the average age was 3.97 years. The most useful diagnostic study was computed tomographic scanning. Conclusions Sensorineural hearing loss is fairly common in children. Extensive workups, often without clear direction, should be reconsidered based on the children with SNHL who otolaryngologists are now seeing. Infant screening programs, although identifying many children earlier, will also provide the opportunity to fine-tune the evaluation (ie, cytomegalovirus titers and/or cultures at birth), increasing the diagnostic yield.
ECWA made easy

We generalize a theorem on the relation of theextended closed world assumption (ECWA) to circumscription due to Gelfond, Przymusinska and Przymusinski, and give a simple proof of the generalized result.
Atom wave diffraction in an accelerating potential

Gravity or other accelerating potentials can significantly affect the visibility of fringes in atomic wave diffraction experiments. We examine several geometries in which laser-cooled atoms from a magneto-optic trap are accelerated into a diffraction grating and calculate how the thermal longitudinal momentum spread broadens the diffracted atomic beams. We find that the relative broadening typically depends upon the ratio of the thermal momentum to the momentum gained from acceleration. We show how large accelerations can thus be used to improve the fringe visibility and we apply our results to geometries used recently by other research groups.
The cell shedding rate of the corneal epithelium — a comparison of collection methods

Purpose. To determine the spontaneous shedding rate of cells from the rabbit corneal epithelium using different harvesting methods.Methods. Cells were collected from the rabbit corneal epithelium using two in vitro methods and three in vivo methods. Cells were counted and the shedding rate calculated after adjustment for the collection time.Results. The shedding rates obtained from the in vitro methods were (cells/min/cornea, mean ± SE): 78.0 ± 9.4 (corneal super-fusion), and 5.4 ± 1.3 (whole-eye perfusion). For the in vivo corneas, the shedding rates were: 10.0 ± 2.3 (corneal superfusion), 8.1 ± 0.4 (corneal immersion), and 14.5 ± 1.5 (corneal irrigation). In vitro corneal superfusion was significantly different from the other four methods (P < 0.01).Conclusions. The results suggest that the spontaneous cell shedding rate of the in vivo rabbit corneal epithelium is 5 to 15 cells/min/cornea. This is much lower than estimates of about 100 cells/min/cornea based upon in vitro corneal superfusion. One explan...
Processes of intercultural communication as part of shifting cultural paradigms

Intercultural communication is complex and a real part of technical communication today. Gould, Zakaria, and Yusof (2000) identified design elements for websites related to cultural dimensions, and presented a cultural comparison process, which resulted in guidelines for localization in Malaysia and the US. Building on Gould, Zakaria and Yusof's practical application for cultural dimensions, this paper will look at how we can help technical communication students better prepare for not only understanding localization, but also engaging in intercultural communication in the workplace and at a personal level. To lay the foundation for understanding the complexities of intercultural communication, I will first present lenses for viewing intercultural communication as dimensional, learnable and interactional. Then I will discuss how reflection can help students move between the lenses, and ultimately begin to shift their cultural paradigms through understanding and engaging in the intercultural communication process.
The Impact of Work Setting, Demographic Characteristics, and Personality Factors Related to Burnout Among Professional Counselors

This study investigated the relationship between burnout and clinical work setting, demographic characteristics, and personality factors among a national sample of professional counselors (N = 340) and found significant differences in degree of burnout between work settings. Community mental health outpatient counselors reported significantly greater burnout than either private practice or inpatient counselors. A complex interaction of sex, race, and years of professional experience also differentiated the degree of burnout. With regard to personality factors, counselors with less neuroticism and higher extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness experienced greater personal accomplishment and less depersonalization and emotional exhaustion.
Relation Between Activated Clotting Time During Angioplasty and Abrupt Closure

Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of heparin anticoagulation during coronary angioplasty, as measured by the activated clotting time, is related to the risk of abrupt vessel closure. Methods and Results Sixty-two cases of in- and out-of-laboratory abrupt closure in patients in whom intraprocedure activated clotting times were measured were identified from a population of 1290 consecutive patients who underwent nonemergency coronary angioplasty. This group was compared with a matched control population of 124 patients who did not experience abrupt closure. Relative to the control population, patients who experienced abrupt closure had significantly lower initial (median, 350 seconds [25th to 75th percentile, 309 to 401 seconds] versus 380 seconds [335 to 423 seconds], P=.004) and minimum (345 seconds [287 to 387 seconds] versus 370 seconds [321 to 417 seconds], P=.014) activated clotting times. Higher activated clotting times were not associated with an increased like...
Dispersal‐induced desynchronization: from metapopulations to metacommunities

The conceptualization of fragmented populations in terms of metapopulation theory has become standard over the last three decades. It is well known that increases in betweenpatch migration rates cause more synchronous population fluctuations and that this coherence increases the risk of global metapopulation extinction. Because species migration rates and the probability of individuals surviving migration events depend on the effective distance between patches, the benefit of improving conservation corridors or the matrix between habitat patches has been questioned. As populations occur in the context of larger communities, moving from a metapopulation to a metacommunity model framework is a natural extension to address the generality of these conclusions. We show how considering a metacommunity can modify the conclusion that decreasing the effective distance between habitat patches (via improving matrix quality or other measures) necessarily increases the degree of metapopulation synchrony. We show that decreases in effective between-patch distance may deter population synchrony because of the simultaneous effect this change has on the migration patterns of other species. These results indicate that species interactions need to be considered when the effect of conservation measures on population synchrony, and ultimately persistence, is addressed.
A Mouse Model for Evaluation of Prophylaxis and Therapy of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

The Zaire subtype of Ebola virus (EBO-Z) is lethal for newborn mice, but adult mice are resistant to the virus, which prevents their use as an animal model of lethal Ebola infection. We serially passed EBO-Z virus in progressively older suckling mice, eventually obtaining a plaque-purified virus that was lethal for mature, immunocompetent BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred and ICR (CD-1) outbred mice. Pathologic changes in the liver and spleen of infected mice resembled those in EBO-Z-infected primates. Virus titers in these tissues reached 10(9) pfu/g. The LD50 of mouse-adapted EBO-Z virus inoculated into the peritoneal cavity was approximately 1 virion. Mice were resistant to large doses of the same virus inoculated subcutaneously, intradermally, or intramuscularly. Mice injected peripherally with mouse-adapted or intraperitoneally with non-adapted EBO-Z virus resisted subsequent challenge with mouse-adapted virus.
An Examination of Methods Used to Test the Visual Perceptual Deficit Hypothesis of Dyslexia

Two methodological problems often arise in dyslexia research. The first problem concerns the validity of experimental measures and the related problem of interpreting null results. The second problem involves the effects of sampling from a disabled population if the disorder under investigation has multiple unknown origins. Both problems were illustrated by a discussion of research aimed at testing the visual perceptual deficit hypothesis of dyslexia. Many studies cited as evidence against this hypothesis suffer from one or both problems. Data are presented in support of the visual perceptual deficit hypothesis. The authors suggest that visual perceptual dysfunction may account for some forms of dyslexia. Visual perceptual deficits must be ruled out as an explanation for poor performance by dyslexic children on tasks using visual stimuli before “higher order” deficits in cognitive processing can be reasonably postulated.
Nonparametric Method for Data-driven Image Captioning

We present a nonparametric density estimation technique for image caption generation. Data-driven matching methods have shown to be effective for a variety of complex problems in Computer Vision. These methods reduce an inference problem for an unknown image to finding an existing labeled image which is semantically similar. However, related approaches for image caption generation (Ordonez et al., 2011; Kuznetsova et al., 2012) are hampered by noisy estimations of visual content and poor alignment between images and human-written captions. Our work addresses this challenge by estimating a word frequency representation of the visual content of a query image. This allows us to cast caption generation as an extractive summarization problem. Our model strongly outperforms two state-ofthe-art caption extraction systems according to human judgments of caption relevance.
“The dog and the carrot are both useful to me”: Functional, self-referent categorization in rural contexts of scarcity in the Dominican Republic.

Categorization by individuals living in different settings within a culture or nation has received little attention. The current study was designed to reveal the categorization styles and reasoning...
The complexity of pure Nash equilibria

We investigate from the computational viewpoint multi-player games that are guaranteed to have pure Nash equilibria. We focus on congestion games, and show that a pure Nash equilibrium can be computed in polynomial time in the symmetric network case, while the problem is PLS-complete in general. We discuss implications to non-atomic congestion games, and we explore the scope of the potential function method for proving existence of pure Nash equilibria.
Characteristic analysis of electro-slag remelting system model and multi-loop PID control

The cooperative control of both electrode remelting rate and position was applied in order to obtain optimal electro-slag remelting metallurgy effect and improve melting production efficiency. The nonlinear dynamic model of electro-slag remelting process was linearized. And the linearization model was analyzed including its stability, coupling property and variable matching strategy. The multi-loop PID controllers with cascade PID controllers were applied to the linearization model based on matching strategy. The dynamic performance was analyzed to electro-slag remelting control system. Study results show that linearization model of electro-slag remelting process have characteristic of stability and weakly-coupled property. Multi-loop PDD control system can realize stable control both electrode melting rate and electrode position. The control system has faster dynamic response and better anti-interference capability.
Unmasking Nation/Rewriting Home: Gendered Narratives of the Partition and its Aftermath

Thisessayexaminespersonalnarrativesandgender-sensitivefictionalrepresentationsofthe Partition between India and Pakistan to contribute to a counterhistory that takes centrally into account the ways in which nation formation was written on the bodies of women. The juxtapositionofmymother’sstories,theoralhistoriesgatheredbyfeministhistoriographers, andcriticalanalysesofPartition-relatedfiction,allowsustoseethelimitationsandpotential of each. While dominant ideologies are seen to seep into the narratives, each in its own way also goes beyond the dominant version of Partition history to lay the ground for new ways of understanding and imagining the pain that women experienced and the responses they made to circumstances not of their own making. doi:10.1111/j.1753-9137.2012.01122.x In this essay, I examine gendered narratives of a crucial historical moment in the history of the South Asian subcontinent, the Partition between India and Pakistan, in an attempt to clear further space for interpretations of this momentous event that splinter dominant understandings; by using a combination of personal narratives, oral histories gathered by South Asian feminists, and already existing analysis of fictional narratives, I build on others to continue to piece together a counterhistory. The carving out of new spaces of enunciation is particularly important when women become implicated in large-scale upheavals definitional of national and community boundaries, and when their bodies become instruments in the defining of boundaries. As Mankekar (1999, p. 8) points out, borrowing from Chakravarti (1989), Sangari and Vaid (1989), and Mani (1989), ‘‘Representations of Indian Womanhood were a major site of contention in colonial and anticolonial discourses, in which women were often represented as icons and ‘carriers’ of tradition.’’ While the figure of the victimized woman was deployed by the British in the context of the attempted abolition of sati (Mani, 1989; Spivak, 1987), the ‘‘woman question’’
Nonstandard Methods and the Space of Experiments

This note gives natural nonstandard proofs of two results that are traditionally considered difficult in the standard theory: the first one is the proof of compactness of the space of experiments in an appropriate topology. The other one is concerned with the connection between two different notions of eqivalence of experiments.
A Review of Conflict Instruments in Organizational Settings

Since the entire issue of MCQ centers on conflict style instruments, this section departs from the format traditionally employed. Instead, it compares and contrasts the different theoretical frames of each instrument, the role of communication in each, and the internal reliabilities and validities of the five scales. It concludes by synthesizing the strengths and weaknesses of each scale and by highlighting the appropriate uses of the them in organizational communication research and training.
Marriage and Cohabitation

Despite the large occurrence of cohabitation and its strong link to important behavioral outcomes, it has received little attention in the literature. We use data from the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey (NLSY79) to document the labor supply, housework hours, and fertility patterns of cohabiting partners. The data suggests that in comparison to marriage, cohabitation is associated with a lower degree of household specialization, higher relationship instability, and greater degree of positive assortative mating. We develop and estimate a dynamic model of household formation and dissolution, fertility and labor supply and use the estimated model to perform policy experiments that investigate the welfare implications of different institutional arrangements regarding divorce regulations. In a dynamic model of the household with limited commitment, marriage leads to equilibrium outcomes that are closer to the efficient allocation when there are gains from specialization. On the other hand, cohabitation enables partners to insure themselves against uncertainty regarding the match quality of the relationship. Each match has different gains from either living arrangement, depending on their observable characteristics, and match quality. Cohabitation provides a tradeoff between the advantages and disadvantages of getting married and remaining single. Our goal is to use the estimated model to assess the welfare implications of inefficiencies that may arise in co-residential relationships due to lack of commitment.
Structure, Function, and Molecular Modeling Approaches to the Study of the Intestinal Dipeptide Transporter PepT1

The proton-coupled intestinal dipeptide transporter, PepT1, has 707 amino acids, 12 putative transmembrane domains (TMD), and is of importance in the transport of nutritional di- and tripeptides and structurally related drugs, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. By using a combination of molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified several key amino acid residues that effect catalytic transport properties of PepT1. Our molecular model of the transporter was examined by dividing it into four sections, parallel to the membrane, starting from the extracellular side. The molecular model revealed a putative transport channel and the approximate locations of several aromatic and charged amino acid residues that were selected as targets for mutagenesis. Wild type or mutagenized human PepT1 cDNA was transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, and the uptake of tritiated glycylsarcosine [3H]-(Gly-Sar) was measured. Michaelis–Menton analysis of the wild-type and mutated transporters revealed the following results for site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of Tyr-12 or Arg-282 into alanine has only a very modest effect on Gly-Sar uptake. By contrast, mutation of Trp-294 or Glu-595 into alanine reduced Gly-Sar uptake by 80 and 95%, respectively, and mutation of Tyr-167 reduced Gly-Sar uptake to the level of mock-transfected cells. In addition, preliminary data from fluorescence microscopy following the expression of N-terminal-GFP-labeled PepT1Y167A in HEK cells indicates that the Y167A mutation was properly inserted into the plasma membrane but has a greatly reduced Vmax.
Direct phase and amplitude characterization of femtosecond laser pulses undergoing filamentation in air.

Measurement of the temporal (spectral) phase and amplitude of a 50 fs laser pulse approaching and exceeding the critical power for self-focusing (Pcrit) in air reveals the formation of an isolated 17 fs pulse at 3Pcrit. The dynamics of self-shortening are measured directly in the filament using transient-grating cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating with a noble gas serving as the nonlinear medium. Our results support recent filamentary propagation simulations, suggesting that a Kerr-dominated temporal reshaping process toward the end of the filament is largely responsible for the generation of short pulses.
Efficient Scheduling Algorithms for MpSoC Systems

MpSoCs have been proposed as a viable solution for present day application, which requires a growing demand in data processing and real-time processing with power constraints. Scheduling and Mapping are two important steps in the MpSoC design process that facilitates efficient MpSoC System. This work presents two scheduling algorithms: 1) Performance Driven Scheduling (PDS) Algorithm (for bus-based MpSoC) and 2) Traffic Aware Scheduling (TAS) algorithm (for NoC-based MpSoC). The algorithms are tested on synthetic task graphs and their performances are evaluated and discussed.