cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CIDP mimics: a case series.

To report our experience with a group of patients referred for refractory CIDP who fulfilled “definite” electrodiagnostic EFNS criteria for CIDP but were found to have an alternate diagnosis. Patients who were seen between 2017 and 2019 for refractory CIDP that fulfilled “definite” electrodiagnostic ENFS criteria for CIDP, but had an alternate diagnosis, were included. Patients who correctly had CIDP, anti MAG neuropathy, or MMN with conduction block, were excluded from the study. Demographics, clinical and electrophysiological characteristics, pertinent workup, final alternate diagnoses, and outcomes were collected. Seven patients were included: POEMS (n = 5), CANOMAD (n = 1), and neurolymphomatosis (n = 1). Most patients reported neuropathic pain and leg swelling (n = 6) or significant weight loss (n = 4). All patients had a monoclonal protein, and most patients who were tested had an elevated VEGF and CSF cyto-albuminologic dissociation. Electrophysiology showed pronounced intermediate more than distal demyelination, and axonal loss in the lower extremities. Response to steroids or IVIG varied, but some patients did respond to these treatments, especially early in the disease. Pain, systemic symptoms, suggestive electrophysiological findings, and/or a serum monoclonal protein should raise suspicion for CIDP mimics. Initial response to steroids or IVIG, over reliance on CSF, and electrophysiology findings can all be misleading.
Influence of Electrode Design and Lithium Source Format on the Performance Metrics of Pre-Lithiation of Anodes in an Energy Storage Device

Energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors, have become the crucial part of electrification of transportation. Better and more efficient energy storage devices are the need of the hour, critical to achieving this goal. In our earlier work [1,2], we have shown that several fabrication and design measures, like an advanced dry method of electrode fabrication, an optimized design of anode to cathode capacity ratio, an array of pre-lithiation methods, a composite cathode, etc., can be ingeniously combined to enhance the performance characteristics of energy storage devices in terms of specific energy (Wh.kg-1), specific power (W.kg-1), cycle life and cost. Among these performance enhancing measures, the process of pre-lithation is a necessary measure on multiple fronts, namely, to compensate for the initial cycle loss from solid electrolyte interface formation on anodes, to improve first cycle coulombic efficiency, to prevent the loss of active Li content in electrolyte and to achieve an improved cell working voltage range by initially driving the anode potential to lower permissible limits. We have also shown in our previous work [3] that an array of Li metal sources can be employed for achieving pre-lithiation through the internal short method in carbon electrodes. Over a time limited condition, we demonstrated the importance of different lithium source structures and their effect on the rate of pre-lithiation and pre-lithiation capacities that can be achieved. In our present work, we have eliminated the time limiting condition, allowing for the complete ionization of the Li-sources employed, hence enabling a complete pre-lithiation process in all Li-source formats that were employed. We have also performed a comparative study between the internal short circuit method of pre-lithiation and the external short circuit method. Different Li-source formats, based on their surface area and structure, exhibit different ionization and pre-lithiation speeds, capacities and efficiencies. Fig. 1 presents an illustration of different pre-lithiation methods organized based on their speed of pre-lithiation, with the fastest process being stabilized Li-metal powder (SLMP - leftmost) and slowest of the pre-lithiation processes occouring in lithium strip in electrode gap method and in an external short circuit method using an appropriate current limiting resistor (rightmost). On account of spherical micro nature of SLMP particles, they possess a larger active surface area for the ionization process to continue more vigorously and hence faster speed of pre-lithiation. Our analysis of reversible capacities after pre-lithiation, electrode cycle life, DC life, safety and cost aspects, etc., will also be presented. Figure 1
Board of Directors' Sanction Judgments: The Effect of Situational Factors.

This study investigated the influence of situational factors on sanction judgments by individuals who serve on boards of directors. Members of the board of directors often guide control processes, including sanction guidance for internal and external rules violations. This study is the first to investigate the decisions of such members in this context in the presence of mitigating circumstances. Based on evolutionary governance theory and punishment theory regarding deterrence and retribution, as well as literature on the role empathy can play in judgments, an experiment was designed to analyze how variation in three factors (history of similar incidents, compensation structure, and reason for violation) impacts directors’ sanction recommendations. Findings suggest board members focused on history of violations (repeat or first-time offender) and were not influenced by whether the individual received financial benefit (in terms of compensation structure) or by empathetic situations (altruistic versus opportunistic motivation for the act). This holds true for both sanction type and amount of monetary sanction. Participants emphasized warning and fine sanctions, with warning more likely for a first-time offender and fine more likely for a repeat offender. Implications for boards relating to punishment guidance are discussed, as well as recommendations for future research building on this study.
Emotional Correlates of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Individuals With and Without Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To compare the mental health experiences associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Between 29 May 2020 and 30 June 2020, 2,176 U.S. adults completed an online survey including demographics, COVID-19 experiences, depression (eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire) and anxiety (seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder) symptoms, perceived stress (17-item Diabetes Distress Scale), resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), and diabetes-related distress (in participants with diabetes). RESULTS Mean age was 49.6 years (SD 16.9); participants were primarily women (80.0%) and White (88.3%), with an annual household income of ≥$60,000 (57.6%). One hundred reported a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (4.6%), 304 type 2 diabetes (13.9%), and 145 prediabetes (6.6%). Nearly one-third (29.7%) indicated decreases in income attributable to the pandemic. Participants with type 1 diabetes had higher levels of diabetes distress than participants with type 2 diabetes (P CONCLUSIONS In this naturalistic observational study, participants with type 2 diabetes reported more depression, lower resilience, and significantly more COVID-19 risk factors and medical comorbidities than participants without diabetes. Overall, our participants demonstrated worse depression and anxiety symptoms during compared with before the pandemic.
Nuclear Studies Involving Intermediate Energy Projectiles

Recently the nuclear physics community has begun to receive the first dividends on a major investment in the construction of intermediate energy (100 MeV — 1 GeV) accelerators. High precision data from such new accelerators in North America as Bates (MIT), IUCF (Indiana), LAMPF (Los Alamos), and TRIUMF (Vancouver) involving medium energy electron, photon, pion and proton projectiles is currently available for comparison with present theory and may stimulate new insights into the multi-faceted aspects of nuclear structure. Of course the flow of new data involving these probes is just beginning. In addition, high quality kaon-nucleus data is anticipated shortly, for example, from the AGS at Brookhaven. Since each probe has associated with it characteristic limitations and complications it is especially important to study the same nuclear excitations in similar regions of momentum transfer with different probes to obtain maximum benefit from the new accelerators. The purpose of these lectures is to give selected examples of the kinds of new data available and anticipated and to compare theory and experiment (or discuss predictions) for the various probes. We stress the complementarity of the various projectiles in elucidating nuclear structure.
Oxygen Stabilized Zero-Resistance States with Transition Temperatures above 200 K in YBaCuO

The zero-resistance states in mixed-phase Y5Ba6Cu11Oy samples with transition temperatures in the range of 235 K to 265 K are found to be thermally recycleable when the samples are enclosed in an oxygen atmosphere. The nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and their sensitivity to small magnetic fields near the transition temperature resemble the behavior of superconducting microbridges.
Information Fusion using the Kalman Filter based on Karhunen-Loève Decomposition

1 Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87645, USA, zhiming@lanl.gov 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, donzhang@usc.edu 3 Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA, yan@ou.edu
Differential optical remoting of ultrafast charge packets using self-linearized modulation

We demonstrate conversion of ultrafast input analog charge packets into a differential optical signal, using quantum-well self-electrooptic effect devices in a novel self-linearized mode of operation.
A minimum cut based re-synthesis approach

A new re-synthesis approach that benefits from min-cut based partitioning is proposed. This divide and conquer approach is shown to improve the performance of existing synthesis tools on a variety of benchmarks.
Science review: mechanisms of ventilator-induced injury

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury are among the most frequent reasons for intensive care unit admission, accounting for approximately one-third of admissions. Mortality from ARDS has been estimated as high as 70% in some studies. Until recently, however, no targeted therapy had been found to improve patient outcome, including mortality. With the completion of the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network low tidal volume study, clinicians now have convincing evidence that ventilation with tidal volumes lower than those conventionally used in this patient population reduces the relative risk of mortality by 21%. These data confirm the long-held suspicion that the role of mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is more than supportive, in that mechanical ventilation can also actively contribute to lung injury. The mechanisms of the protective effects of low tidal volume ventilation in conjunction with positive end expiratory pressure are incompletely understood and are the focus of ongoing studies. The objective of the present article is to review the potential cellular mechanisms of lung injury attributable to mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS and acute lung injury.
Lack of correspondence between genetic and phenotypic groups amongst soil-borne streptomycetes.

Correspondence between two distinct genetic traits, 16S rRNA gene sequences and repetitive element-sequence-based BOX-PCR DNA fingerprints, and antibiotic inhibition and resistance phenotypes was explored for a spatially explicit sample of Streptomyces from a prairie soil. There was no correspondence between 16S rRNA gene sequence groups and antibiotic phenotypes. However, 16S rRNA gene sequence groups differed significantly in mean inhibition zone sizes. Specific antibiotic phenotypes may reflect local selection pressures, as suggested by the significant differences in mean inhibition zone sizes against specific test isolates by Streptomyces from the same 16S rRNA gene sequence group but from different locations in soil. Significant correlations between antibiotic phenotypes and BOX-PCR fingerprints were found, but were small (r=0.19–0.22). Although genetic characterizations alone were not predictive of specific antibiotic phenotypes, 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses may identify isolates that are most or least likely to possess substantial inhibitory potential, providing insight into the broad ecological strategy for individual isolates.
Origin-based fault-tolerant routing in the mesh

The ability to tolerate faults is critical in multi-computers employing large numbers of processors. This paper describes a class of fault-tolerant routing algorithms for n-dimensional meshes that can tolerate large numbers of faults without using virtual channels. We show that these routing algorithms prevent livelock and deadlock while remaining highly adaptive. >
Exploring Borders: Understanding Culture and Psychology.

Exploring Borders: Understanding Culture and Psychology. Giuseppe Mantovani. London: Routledge, 2000. 153 pp.
Review of Leonard Talmy, 2000, 'Toward a Cognitive Semantics'

Review of Leonard Talmy, Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Two volumes. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000. Language: The Journal of the Linguistic Society of America 78:3 (2002), 576-578.
Arteriosclerosis: Rethinking the Current Classification

Abstract Context.—Arteriosclerosis is the vascular disease that is the leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries. Currently, there are 3 lesions within the broader category of arteriosclerosis: atherosclerosis, Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis. Objective.—In this review, we discuss the history of the terminology and current classification of arteriosclerosis and problems with the current classification. We also discuss recently described new arterial lesions that are not in the current classification. Data Sources.—In spite of the prevalence and importance of arteriosclerotic vascular disease, and the widespread use of the current terminology, there are major problems with the current classification: (1) the current classification has an inconsistent naming convention, (2) the classification fails to use terms that accurately describe the lesions, and (3) important arterial lesions are absent from the classification. In addition, although the terms arteriosclerosis...
The Emerging Politics of DHS Fusion Centers

This article explores public concerns about the US Department of Homeland Security’s data ‘fusion centers’. These centers, which are proliferating across all US states, coordinate data-sharing among state and local police, intelligence agencies, and private companies. The primary goal of fusion centers is to engage in intelligence-sharing for counter-terrorism purposes. However, they have been used for a variety of other purposes, such as basic policing, spying on social movement organizations, or restricting legal public activities such as taking photographs. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of media publications from 2002 to 2008, we identify and discuss three primary categories of concern with fusion centers: (1) their ineffectiveness, particularly given the financial expense, the statistical unlikelihood of terrorist attacks, and the pressing need for other law enforcement support; (2) the potential for mission creep, where the functions of fusion centers expand beyond their originally intended p...
Modeling of Asperity Collisions and Their Effects in a Frictionless Sliding Contact of Nominally Flat Metallic Surfaces

The collision process of a pair of asperities on two opposing surfaces is modeled in frictionless sliding motion with an analytically traceable approach. Equations of a sufficiently general representation are derived for the contact force, the load-carrying capacity, and the motion resistance of the asperity collision. A system model of the contact of two nominally flat metallic surfaces is subsequently developed incorporating the effects of asperity microcontact collisions. Results of a general nature are presented of the load capacity and motion resistance of the contact system in sliding motion. The model and the results may provide a first-order approximation of the effects of the asperity collisions in a sliding contact system.
Meta-reflector antenna with annular pattern for electromagnetic orientation in UAS applications

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) often use GPS for navigation, but there are many scenarios in which GPS is inaccessible or inaccurate. GPS-denied navigational systems using optical and radar technologies have been proposed to supplement GPS. We present a novel antenna that produces an annular beam pattern ideal for down-looking navigational radar. This pattern is achieved using a monopole over a metasurface ground. The design uses a planar, focusing reflector technique based on a sub-wavelength grating to achieve a high gain pattern with a low profile antenna, and a null in the direction normal to the antenna plane. The annular radiation pattern reduces specular returns from the nadir direction below the UAS that can overdrive the radar electronics. The performance of a GPS-denied navigation system is simulated using the antenna pattern of the planar meta-reflector antenna.
Mutations causing muscle weakness.

Transmission of signals from nerves to muscles is critical for life, so substantial safety factor mechanisms have evolved to ensure its success. Despite this, diseases can impair even this robust system. Characterizing these disease mechanisms greatly contributes to understanding this fundamental process. Neuromuscular transmission serves as a model for helping to understand neurotransmission throughout the nervous system. Mutations in critical components of the neuromuscular junction or autoimmune responses to them cause muscle weakness and fatigability termed “myasthenia.”
Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of bimetallic organic-inorganic hybrid materials: Copper vanadate-1,4-Carboxy-phenylphosphonate phases

Abstract The hydrothermal reactions of V2O5, a copper(II) source, 1,4-carboxy-phenylphosphonic acid, a bidentate organonitrogen ligand and HF provided a series of bimetallic organic–inorganic hybrid materials. [Cu(bpy)VO2(O2CC6H4PO3)] (1) is one-dimensional, while [Cu(bpa)VO(OH)(O2CC6H4PO3)] (2) and [Cu(phen)V2O4F(O2CC6H4PO3)] (3) are two-dimensional. In the absence of V2O5, a number of copper-organophosphonates were isolated. Compound 4 [Cu(phen)(H2O)(O2CC6H4PO3H)] is one-dimensional while [Cu3(bpy)2(O2CC6H4PO3)2] (5) is two-dimensional. Molecular structures were observed for [CuF(bpy)(H2O)(HO2CC6H4PO3H)] (6) and [Cu(bpa)(O2CC6H4PO3H)]·3H2O (7·3H2O).
Alcohol outlets and youth alcohol use: Exposure in suburban areas

The purpose of this study was to explore how exposure to alcohol outlets (around home and school) influenced alcohol use among 242 high-school students (mean age 16.4, 48.8% male, 93.4% White). Results found no relationship between alcohol outlet exposure, using a measure of both distance to and density around students' homes and schools, and alcohol use. This study suggests that outlet exposure may not influence alcohol use among mostly White, middle-class, and suburban youth. However, the lack of association may also reflect the lower level of alcohol outlets present in low-density residential environments as well as differences in accessibility.
Streamflow anomaly patterns in the U.S.A. and southern Canada — 1951–1970

Abstract The map patterns of streamflow conditions in the U.S.A. and southern Canada are examined by means of a principal components analysis of the monthly flow records of 102 streams. The analysis reveals the basic anomaly patterns of streamflow, and also describes the variation of these patterns through time. The basic anomaly patterns are of large spatial scale, and vary slowly through time, reflecting the temporal and spatial scale of the controlling climatic anomalies. An extension of the analysis allows the gaging stations to be assigned to homogeneous hydrologic regions.
Etiologic Study of Young Ischemic Stroke in Taiwan

Background and Purpose— The etiologic mechanisms of young ischemic stroke in Chinese are largely unknown. This work thus studied the etiologies of young ischemic stroke in Taiwan Chinese and made a comparison with previous reports. Methods— From January 1997 to October 2001, a total of 264 consecutive young ischemic stroke patients (18 to 45 years old) were admitted to the Department of Neurology in our hospital. The risk factors for stroke and the distribution of stroke subtype were studied. The vascular ultrasound and angiographic findings of these patients were also studied. Results— The sample contained 188 men and 76 women. Cerebral infarction was diagnosed in 241 patients and transient ischemic attack in 23 (8.7%). Regarding stroke subtype, stroke of small-vessel occlusion was diagnosed in 20.5% of cases, large-artery atherosclerosis in 7.2%, cardioembolism in 17.8%, other determined etiology in 22.3%, and undetermined etiology in 23.5%. The 4 most common risk factors were hyperlipidemia (53.1%), sm...
A Bioeconomic Analysis of Site-Specific Management for Weed Control

have been implicated as potential sources of ground and surface water pollution and attendant health hazards (Nielsen and Lee; Hoar et al.; United States Environmental Protection Agency). These adverse effects have led to imposition of regulatory actions ranging from herbicide restrictions to use quotas. In the United States, atrazine, the most commonly detected herbicide in groundwater, is currently a restricted-use product. In the Netherlands and Denmark, quotas have been imposed to regulate the amount of pesticides that can be used for crop production. The Netherlands aims for 30 percent reduction in herbicides (active ingredient) by 1995 when compared to 1984-1988 use levels. The target reduction by the year 2000 is 45 percent (Wossink and Renkema). Denmark's goal is to reduce current herbicide use levels by 50 percent in 1997 compared to 1987 use levels (Thompson, Stafford, and Miller). In spite of these concerns, the deleterious effects of uncontrolled weed populations are too significant to be ignored (e.g., Auld, Menz, and Tisdell). In the United States alone, the annual value of crop yield losses would run into several billions of dollars if weeds were left unchecked (Chandler, Hamill, and Thomas). These considerations suggest that information that results in the use of profitable and environmentally friendly weed-control strategies is valuable. Several computer-based bioeconomic models that serve as useful decision support tools for crop production management are now available (Mortensen et al.; Swinton and King 1994a, 1994b; Wilkerson, Modena, and Coble; Thornton et al.). These models employ concepts of economic thresholds to recommend control
Pd supported on SnO2–MnOx–CeO2 catalysts for low temperature CO oxidation

Abstract Pd deposited on CeO2, MnOx–CeO2 and SnO2–MnOx–CeO2 solid solution were tested for low temperature CO oxidation activity. Among them, Pd–MnOx–CeO2 (Pd–MC) and Pd–SnO2–MnOx–CeO2 (Pd–SMC) showed excellent low temperature activity and over 90% of CO conversion was obtained at room temperature. SO2 poisoning tests with 200 ppm at room temperature showed that Pd–SMC could keep high CO conversion as compared to Pd–MC. The high CO oxidation activity of Pd–SMC at low temperatures could be attributed to strong oxidation ability of highly oxidized Pd species and interactions between Pd and solid solution support.
Filtrability of the Chromogenic Culture (Duval) Obtained from Human Leprosy

SummaryIt would appear from the work of others that a filtrable form of B. leprae exists in vivo for the respective bacilli of human and rat leprosy, since in vitro growth is said to have occurred from the cultured filtrates. Employing filtrates of cultures of B. leprae chrome (Duval) we have been unable after repeated attempts to demonstrate a filtrable stage of this microorganism.
Glucose deprivation and hypoxia increase the expression of the GLUT1 glucose transporter via a specific mRNA cis-acting regulatory element.

The expression of the glucose transporter type-1 (GLUT1) gene is up-regulated in hypoxia and glucose deprivation. A 10 nucleotide (nt) cis-acting regulatory element (CAE), which is located within nt 2181–2190 of the GLUT1 3′-untranslated region (CAE2181−2190), increases the expression of a GLUT1-luciferase reporter gene and decreases its mRNA decay. The present study investigated the role of the GLUT1 CAE2181−2190 in glucose deprivation and hypoxia using stable transfectants. Glucose and O2 deprivation produced a marked increase in the expression of the GLUT1 reporter gene carrying the CAE2181−2190, and this effect was additive. Glucose deprivation and/or hypoxia induced no significant changes in the expression of the reporter gene wherein the GLUT1 CAE2181−2190 was site-directed deleted. Data presented here suggest that the GLUT1 CAE2181−2190 participates in the increase of GLUT1 gene expression in glucose deprivation and hypoxia.
The lateral force on a keel and rudder

The following theoretical investigation of the two-dimensional flow of an inviscid fluid past a keel and rudder, and of the consequent lateral force, follows experiments performed by Prof. T. B. Abell in the Department of Naval Architecture of the University of Liverpool, and we wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to him for the information given in many discussions.
Differentiation and Competition in HMO Markets

This paper examines how differentiation among Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) affects local market competition. Most markets for HMOs appear sufficiently unconcentrated; however, differences among HMOs may make competition less intense than the number of competitors would suggest. To investigate this possibility, we distinguish HMOs that serve only local markets from those that operate regional or national networks. We analyze how HMOs of one type affect the profitability of the other using an equilibrium model of entry and product choice. While the two types of HMOs have strong competitive effects within segments, the competitive effect of differentiated firms is negligible.
Compensation of nonlinear phase shifts with third-order dispersion in short-pulse fiber amplifiers

We show that nonlinear phase shifts and third-order dispersion can compensate each other in short-pulse fiber amplifiers. This compen-sation can be exploited in any implementation of chirped-pulse amplification, with stretching and compression accomplished with diffraction gratings, single-mode fiber, microstructure fiber, fiber Bragg gratings, etc. In particular, we consider chirped-pulse fiber amplifiers at wavelengths for which the fiber dispersion is normal. The nonlinear phase shift accumulated in the amplifier can be compensated by the third-order dispersion of the combination of a fiber stretcher and grating compressor. A numerical model is used to predict the compensation, and experimental results that exhibit the main features of the calculations are presented. In the presence of third-order dispersion, an optimal nonlinear phase shift reduces the pulse duration, and enhances the peak power and pulse contrast compared to the pulse produced in linear propagation. Contrary to common belief, fiber stretchers can perform as well or better than grating stretchers in fiber amplifiers, while offering the major practical advantages of a waveguide medium.
A specification test of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory

Abstract Under strong assumptions, the Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts not only that factor endowment differences alone determine trade patterns, but that they do so in a particularly simple way: the factor content of trade should be a linear function of national and world factor endowments. The evident empirical shortcomings of this simple relationship need not, however, imply the more general empirical failure of endowment-based trade theories. This paper provides empirical evidence consistent with a more general endowment-based model, by showing that the strong Heckscher-Ohlin relationship excludes important additional channels through which factor endowments affect the pattern of trade.
Interactions of Al(III), La(III), Gd(III), and Lu(III) with the Fused Silica/Water Interface Studied by Second Harmonic Generation

The interactions of the trivalent metal cations Al(III), La(III), Gd(III), and Lu(III) with the silica/water interface were studied using the nonlinear optical technique of second harmonic generation (SHG). Specifically, the Eisenthal chi(3) technique was used to quantify the thermodynamics of trivalent ion adsorption to the bare fused silica surface. SHG adsorption isotherms were measured and fit with the triple layer surface complexation model to obtain adsorption free energies, binding constants, and interfacial charge densities. The adsorption free energy for Al(III) was found to be -37.2(5) kJ/mol, while the adsorption free energies for the three trivalent lanthanide cations ranged from -29.9(9) to -32.2(7) kJ/mol. Despite identical ionic charges, the metals under investigation displayed different affinities for the fused silica/water interface, and this finding is analyzed and interpreted in the context of size-dependent metal cation properties and metal ion speciation. The thermodynamic results from this work are valuable benchmarks for computer simulations of trivalent metal transport in the environment.
Petroleum Geology of Macoupin County, Illinois: ABSTRACT

The Carlinville oil field is located along the upper flexure of a monocline and is not associated with an anticline or domes as previously described. West of the monocline, minor accumulations of petroleum occur in stratigraphic traps in Pennsylvanian sandstones that are organic matter-enriched. The oil is "heavy," may be relatively immature, and may have formed in the sediments in which it occurs. Significant oil shows also occur in oolites of the Ste. Genevieve Formation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1457------------
Ocean Currents and Sea Surface Heights Estimated Across the West Florida Shelf

Abstract The across-shelf structures of the ocean circulation and the associated sea surface height (SSH) variability are examined on the west Florida shelf (WFS) for the 3-yr interval from September 1998 to December 2001. Five sets of characteristic circulation patterns are extracted from 2-day, low-pass-filtered data using the self-organizing map: extreme upwelling and downwelling structures with strong currents, asymmetric upwelling and downwelling structures with moderate currents, and a set of transitional structures with weak currents. The temporal variations of these structures are coherent with the local winds on synoptic weather time scales. On seasonal time scales they are related to both the local winds and the water density variations. The circulation is predominantly upwelling during autumn to spring months (October–April) and downwelling during summer months (June–September). Coastal sea level fluctuations are related to both the dynamical responses of the inner shelf circulation to meteorol...
Overexpression of 27-kDa heat-shock protein in MCF-7 breast cancer cells : effects on lymphocyte-mediated killing by natural killer and γδ T cells

Overexpression of the heat-shock protein hsp27 protein in primary breast cancers has been associated with early relapse in women with breast cancer. This study was designed to determine the role of the hsp27 protein in lymphocyte recognition of estrogen-receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer cells and to assess the effect of hsp27 expression on lymphocyte-mediated lysis. The hsp27 cDNA was inserted into the pHbAPr-1-neo plasmid expression vector and driven by the constitutive actin promoter. The ER-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was then transfected with this vector and the resulting clonal cell lines were confirmed to overexpress hsp27. hsp27-transfected clonal cell lines stimulated the proliferation of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) significantly better than control cells transfected with the expression vector alone. When clonal γδ T cell lines were utilized as effectors, hsp27-transfected cell lines were significantly better targets for lysis than a control-transfected MCF-7 cell line. In contrast, hsp27-transfected cell lines had no increase in susceptibility to lymphokine-activated-killer- or natural-killer-mediated lysis. These results suggest that overexpression of the hsp27 protein in ER-positive MCF-7 cells stimulated the proliferation of fresh PBL and the lysis of MCF-7 cells by γδ T cell clones.
A general theory of class groups

(1988). A general theory of class groups. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 805-847.
The use of non-nutritive sucking to decrease the physiologic pain response during neonatal circumcision: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective The purpose of this research was to study the effects on the physiologic pain response of the neonate during circumcision with the use of a gloved human finger. Study design This was a randomized controlled trial analyzing the effect of non-nutritive sucking (NNS) on pain response during circumcision. Term neonates were randomized to 2 groups. All infants received oral Tylenol and a dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) before the circumcision. The study group was offered the addition of NNS before the DPNB and throughout the procedure. The primary outcome measured was heart rate during the circumcision. Other variables studied included crying time and salivary cortisol levels. Each circumcision was filmed to calculate pain profile scores using the Premature Infant Pain Profile. Variables were compared using Student t test, chi-square, and Wilcoxon test. A P value of Results Forty-four infants met inclusion criteria. Twenty-two infants were randomized to each arm. No difference in mean heart rate during the procedure was apparent. A significant decrease in crying time, 90-minute post-procedure salivary cortisol level, and post-penile clamping pain score was noted in the study group (all P values Conclusion NNS significantly decreases some elements of measurable physiologic pain response of the neonate during circumcision. This method is a useful and inexpensive addition to DPNB and oral analgesics.
Developing a Research Program Using Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.

A productive research program for nurse scientists in both academic and clinical settings is critical to career advancement. In this article a research program on postpartum depression is used to illustrate how qualitative and quantitative approaches can be used to develop a research program that is knowledge directed and not method limited.
Cellular immunosenescence in F344 rats: Decreased natural killer (NK) cell activity involves changes in regulatory interactions between NK cells, interferon, prostaglandin and macrophages

Natural killer (NK) activity of F344 rat spleen cells remained constant between 1 and 18 months of age under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Between 18 and 24 months of age, however, there was a dramatic decline in activity which remained at a low baseline throughout the normal lifespan. Removal of adherent cells on G-10 Sephadex columns revealed age-related changes in adherent cell regulation of NK activity. Young (4–6 week) NK activity was consitently decreased by adherent cell removal while old(24–30 month) NK activity was slightly but reproducibly increased. Moreover, splenic macrophages from old rats purified by adherence to microexudate-coated surfaces were highly suppressive to young nonadherent NK activity. A role for endogenous prostaglandin (PG) in suppressed old rat NK activity was suggested by the effectiveness of anti-PGE2in vivo to boost old NK activity. Although old rat NK activity was boosted to a relatively greater extent by interferon (IFN) in vitro than was young NK activity, IFN-boosted NK activity of old rats was much more sensitive to PGE2 inhibition than was IFN-boosted young rat NK activity. IFN treatment in vitro or poly(I:C) treatment in vivo induced protection against PGE2 inhibition of NK activity in young rats, while no resistance to PGE2 inhibition was induced in old rat NK cells by similar treatments. In vivo, the same protocol of IFN administration which boosted young rat NK activity further suppressed old rat activity. These results support the hypothesis that immunosuppression related to aging, which supersedes the hoosting effect of IFN, involves the combined effects of suppressor macrophages (via PGE2) and intrinsic changes in effector (NK) cells which render them more sensitive to PGE2 inhibition.
Sparse geologic dictionaries for subsurface flow model calibration: Part II. Robustness to uncertainty

Abstract We introduced sparse geologic dictionaries for formulating and solving subsurface flow model calibration problems in Part I. A key assumption was the availability of a reliable prior model library for construction of a relevant sparse geologic dictionary that was used to constrain the inversion solution. In practice, however, the spatial connectivity in rock physical property distributions has to be inferred from uncertain and incomplete sources of information, including qualitative geologic interpretations, formation type and outcrop maps, as well as scattered measurements (e.g., well core, log data, and seismic maps). Thus, the geologic continuity model that is used for generating prior models is likely to carry significant uncertainty. In Part II, we investigate the performance of the proposed method under uncertain and incorrect prior continuity models. We show that, unlike the conventional reduced-order parameterization methods such as truncated SVD, diverse geologic dictionaries are robust against uncertainty in the structural prior model. This robustness is attributed to the selection property of the sparse reconstruction algorithm and the connectivity exhibited by the dictionary elements. Under highly uncertain prior models, the reconstruction problem is reduced to identifying and combining relevant elements from a large and diverse geologic dictionary. Diversity of the dictionary further enhances solution sparsity since a large number of dictionary elements will have negligible contribution to the solution. Consequently, the inversion provides considerable flexibility to accommodate significant levels of variability (uncertainty) in prior geologic models. As an extreme case, we also evaluate the performance of the proposed method when even the formation type (e.g., Gaussian versus non-Gaussian) is uncertain. In addition, we examine the sensitivity of the proposed method to noise in the flow data, where we observe solution underestimation effects due to l1-norm approximation of l0-norm regularization. We address this issues by replacing l1-norm with an adaptive lp-norm, where p decreases with iterations from an initial value p = 1 to a value of p = 0+ at final iterations. Using several numerical examples, we illustrate these important properties of the proposed inversion approach and compare its performance with that of the truncated singular vector parameterization.
Methadone and metabolites in hair of methadone-assisted pregnant women and their infants.

Introduction:Methadone is the recommended pharmacotherapy for opioid-dependent pregnant women. The primary aims of this study were to determine whether a dose–concentration relationship exists between cumulative maternal methadone dose, methadone and metabolite concentrations in maternal hair during
Impotence in diabetic men

Studies relating to pathogenetic mechanisms resulting in impotence in diabetic subjects have been reviewed. Erectile dysfunction was reported to occur in 50 to 75 percent of diabetic patients and the prevalence appeared to increase with age. Contributions of vascular, endocrine, and neurologic system alterations result in this disturbing condition, but a detailed analysis of all the parameters was not found in any individual study. In our review of 301 veterans presenting to a sexual dysfunction clinic, the clinical and hormonal alterations in the diabetic patients closely resemble those seen in nondiabetic impotent subjects. Atherosclerotic vascular changes play an important predisposing role in the development of impotence. A difference exists between the prevalences of associated medical conditions in diabetic patients taking insulin, compared with those receiving oral agents or receiving dietary management. The high prevalence of impotence in diabetic patients seems to be due to the high prevalence of its vascular complications. Considering the availability of useful therapeutic approaches, it is mandatory to evaluate all diabetic men for the presence of impotence.
Scanning electron microscopy: identification of mast cells by indirect cathodoluminescence.

Mast cells of rat peritoneal fluid deposited on glass and stained selectively with Acridine Orange can be detected in the SEM by cathodoluminescence. Model experiments with dyes suggest that the stained cells block the radiation emitted by the substrate (glass slide support). This approach may be useful for SEM identification of other cell types or for histo- and cytochemical purposes.
Discriminative stimulus properties of (+)-N-allylnormetazocine in the rat: Correlations with (+)-N-allylnormetazocine and phencyclidine receptor binding

Recent studies have identified a stereospecific (+)-NANM binding site that binds psychotomimetic opioids and phencyclidine (PCP) but has a distribution in brain different from the PCP binding site. Since (+)-NANM has no opioid activity and (-)-NANM has opioid activity, rats were trained to discriminate (+)-NANM from saline in order to develop an ability to distinguish the (+)-NANM cues from other opioid agonist and antagonist activities. Cyclazocine, PCP, and ketamine all produced (+)-NANM-like stimuli in a dose-dependent manner. Behaviorally, cyclazocine and PCP are equipotent to (+)-NANM whereas ketamine is 6.7 times less potent than (+)-NANM. Pentazocine had the higest affinity for the (+)-[3H]NANM binding site, yet did not produce (+)-NANM-like discriminative stimuli. By contrast, ketamine had the lowest binding affinity for the (+)-[3H]NANM binding site and did produce (+)-NANM-like discriminative stimuli. Drug discrimination potencies relative to (+)-NANM were not predictive of relative binding affinities at (+)-NANM or PCP binding sites, although there was a trend toward a stronger correlation with the PCP binding site. Therefore, the discriminative stimulus properties of (+)-NANM cannot be explained by pharmacologic actions at either (+)-NANM or PCP binding sites alone, and may involve concurrent actions at both sites.
Off-energy-shell phase shifts in potential scattering

A method for calculating off-energy-shell partial-wave amplitudes in potential scattering is presented. The method is analogous to the procedure of extracting a phase shift from the asymptotic form of a wave function, and avoids the use of integral equations. The usual on-shell procedure is generalized by introducing the idea of an off-energy-shell phase shift. Both the off-shellT-matrix and the off-shellK-matrix can be calculated in this way. It is shown that the slope of a resonance form factor is simply related to the derivative of the off-shell phase shift at the resonance.
Observations on the metabolism of sulfur amino acid derivatives in yeast.

Abstract The assimilation of sulfur amino acid derivatives by Candida utilis and by Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied. The culture supplements included d -methionine, d - and l -homocysteine, dl -2-hydroxy-4-methylmercaptobutyric acid, dl -N-acetylmethionine, dl -alanyl- dl -methionine, dl -2-amino-4-(methylthio)-1-butanol (methioninol), dl -2-methylmethionine, dl -homomethionine, d - and l -cysteine, dl -allo-cystathionine, S-methyl- l -cysteine, and S-ethyl- l -cysteine. None of them caused significant inhibition of growth. Their conversion into methionine or influence on the endogenous synthesis of methionine was indicated by an increase in the level of S-adenosylmethionine. Isolation of the S-adenosylsulfonium fraction, hydrolysis, and paper Chromatographic identification of the amino acid component showed that S-adenosylmethionine was the principal product in all experiments except with S -ethyl- l -cysteine as culture supplement which led to S-adenosylethionine. S-Adenosyl-2-methylmethionine was formed in small quantity from dl -2-methylmethionine. Deamination of S-adenosylmethionine with nitrous acid gave S-inosinyl-2-hydroxy-4-methylmercaptobutyric acid. The isolation and analytical procedures applied to the biosynthetic material were tested with this compound.
Preparation of tritium labeled β-endorphin suitable for studying brain receptor interactions

Abstract The opioid peptide (porcine) β-endorphin has been tritiated using reductive methylation to prepare a derivative containing mainly [ 3 H]dimethyllysine. The tritiated β-endorphin has a specific activity of 9.8 Ci/mmol and is stable for an extended period of time. The labeled peptide binds reversibly to rat brain membrane preparations with a dissociation constant of 0.4 ± 0.1 nM and a receptor content of 23 ± 2 pmol/g brain. Under the conditions used, there is evidence for only one class of receptors. The technique employed for tritium labeling of β-endorphin should also be applicable to various other peptides including α-endorphin, γ-endorphin, and C′-fragment that have been found in brain and pituitary.
The elimination of graft-versus-host cells from an immune population. A potential tool in cancer immunotherapy

Abstract The treatment of patients with immune deficiency disorders, and those with cancer, by the parenteral administration of viable allogeneic immune cells is of therapeutic significance. Transplantation of immunologically reactive tissue into a nonreactive host may result in a graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction which is often lethal. It would be advantageous if the cells causing this reaction could be eliminated from the total population without removal of cells capable of protecting the host from challenge with other antigens. To this end we examined the distribution of cells mediating GVH reactions and other immunologic activities in an equilibrium sedimentation system capable of fractionating populations of cells. A suspension of spleen cells from Balb/c mice was layered on 17–35% (v/v) discontinuous gradient of bovine serum albumin. After centrifugation at 4°C for 30 min at 10,000 g , the cells distributed in the gradient on the basis of their buoyant density. The activity of cells from each fraction was assayed by the Simonsen spleen weight technique for its ability to cause a GVH reaction. A fivefold concentration of GVH activity, as compared to the uncentrifuged spleen population, was found with some of the fractions. Other fractions were devoid of activity. The total activity for a given number of spleen cells could be accounted for by summing the activity of each of the individual fractions. The administration of the GVH cell fractions into newborn C57B1 mice resulted in a more rapid host death than when equivalent numbers of whole spleen cells were used. On the other hand, an enhanced survival was noted when the fractions from which GVH cells were excluded were injected. It is concluded that this method of immune cell fractionation will be useful in the clinical realm since it might allow elimination of GVH producing cells, as well as permit studies of cellular function with more homogeneous populations than heretofore reported.