cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BOLT: Energy Disaggregation by Online Binary Matrix Factorization of Current Waveforms

In this paper we introduce BOLT, a novel approach for the problem of energy disaggregation that performs online binary matrix factorization on a sequence of high frequency current cycles collected in a building to infer additive subcomponents of the current signal. The system learns these constituent current waveforms in an unsupervised fashion and, in a subsequent step, seeks to find combinations of these subcomponents that constitute appliances. By doing so, points in time when appliances are active and, to some degree, their power consumption can be estimated by BOLT. Our system treats energy disaggregation as a binary matrix factorization problem and uses a neural network, with binary activations in the one but last layer and a linear output layer, to solve it. The algorithmic performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a publicly available dataset. Furthermore, we show that, once the model is trained, the algorithm can perform inference in real-time on inexpensive off-the-shelf and general purpose hardware which allows leveraging high-frequency information without having to explicitly transmit and store large amounts of data to a centralized repository.
The Utility of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Hypogonadism and Infertile Males

Purpose: We sought to determine the role of sex hormone-binding globulin in patients with male infertility.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 168 males seen at a fertility clinic from 2012 to 2014 to investigate the accuracy of total testosterone in the biochemical diagnosis of hypogonadism using calculated bioavailable testosterone as the reference value. We used multivariable analysis to assess sex hormone-binding globulin as an independent predictor of infertility.Results: Computations using calculated bioavailable testosterone as a standard in the measurement of definitive biochemical hypogonadism (less than 156 ng/dl) revealed 81% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 81% positive predictive value and 82% negative predictive value for diagnosing hypogonadism with total testosterone alone. Of the 90 men with total testosterone greater than 300 ng/dl, 20% had low bioavailable testosterone less than 156 ng/dl, 52% had borderline low bioavailable testosterone less than 210 ng/dl an...
A Tale of Two Worlds

This book describes exciting opportunities for drug development for patients with autoimmune illnesses. The opportunities include targeted delivery, genome-based drugs, nanomedicine, microparticles, metabolic targets, microbiome, nervous system control, biomarkers, and stem cells. Answers in any one of these areas may lead to dramatic changes in the care of ill humans. The chapters present the points of view of scientists engaged in this enterprise. Clinicians see the problems differently. The starting point for all clinical research and treatment trials—but not necessarily for clinicians—is correct diagnosis. To achieve this, investigators study only patients who meet well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria—those with “pure” diagnoses—and they assume that information from the “pure” group will apply to excluded patients as well. Clinicians, however, treat patients who have “pure” and “impure” diagnoses. Neither investigators nor clinicians know whether the same mechanisms apply to both groups or whether the treatment algorithms should be the same. Investigators and clinicians rarely ask: Is there a gold standard for the concept, correct diagnosis? How precise must it be? For how long does a diagnosis remain valid? While investigators require clear definitions of diagnoses, clinicians do not. For clinicians, disease symptoms and actionable mechanisms are important. External variables that influence a patient’s outcome are important. Diagnosis names are not.
Method of detecting a stray diver using underwater ultrasonic-band multicast communication

Recent years have seen a growing interest in underwater communication and have brought some progress in this area. However, underwater communication is still far behind terrestrial communication. Since the underwater environment is intrinsically not suitable for electric wave-based communication, ultrasonic waves are mainly used for communication. Ultrasonic waves cannot provide sufficient communication speed or capacity. In particular, communication in shallow water is still an undeveloped area. As a result, no communication technology is employed in the environment where people enjoy scuba diving. This paper proposes a method of detecting a stray recreational diver. This method adjusts the transmission power to adjust the size of a multicast communication space in which communication is possible. It monitors the number of hops to determine the position of each node, thereby detecting any stray node. We have implemented this method in a network simulator and evaluated the detection rate.
Disabled justice?: access to justice and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

In Disabled Justice?: Access to Justice and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Eilionoir Flynn considers the participation of people with disabilities in the ...
Multi-omics Analysis of Periodontal Pocket Microbial Communities Pre- and Posttreatment.

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes breakdown of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. We employed a meta-omics approach that included microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and tandem mass spectrometry to analyze sub- and supragingival biofilms in adults with chronic periodontitis pre- and posttreatment with 0.25% sodium hypochlorite. Microbial samples were collected with periodontal curettes from 3- to 12-mm-deep periodontal pockets at the baseline and at 2 weeks and 3 months. All data types showed high interpersonal variability, and there was a significant correlation between phylogenetic diversity and pocket depth at the baseline and a strong correlation (rho = 0.21; P = 0.008) between metabolite diversity and maximum pocket depth (MPD). Analysis of subgingival baseline samples (16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics) found positive correlations between abundances of particular bacterial genera and MPD, including Porphyromonas , Treponema , Tannerella , and Desulfovibrio species and unknown taxon SHD-231. At 2 weeks posttreatment, we observed an almost complete turnover in the bacterial genera (16S rRNA) and species (shotgun metagenomics) correlated with MPD. Among the metabolites detected, the medians of the 20 most abundant metabolites were significantly correlated with MPD pre- and posttreatment. Finally, tests of periodontal biofilm community instability found markedly higher taxonomic instability in patients who did not improve posttreatment than in patients who did improve (UniFrac distances; t = −3.59; P = 0.002). Interestingly, the opposite pattern occurred in the metabolic profiles (Bray-Curtis; t = 2.42; P = 0.02). Our results suggested that multi-omics approaches, and metabolomics analysis in particular, could enhance treatment prediction and reveal patients most likely to improve posttreatment. IMPORTANCE Periodontal disease affects the majority of adults worldwide and has been linked to numerous systemic diseases. Despite decades of research, the reasons for the substantial differences among periodontitis patients in disease incidence, progressivity, and response to treatment remain poorly understood. While deep sequencing of oral bacterial communities has greatly expanded our comprehension of the microbial diversity of periodontal disease and identified associations with healthy and disease states, predicting treatment outcomes remains elusive. Our results suggest that combining multiple omics approaches enhances the ability to differentiate among disease states and determine differential effects of treatment, particularly with the addition of metabolomic information. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis of biofilm community instability indicated that these approaches provide new tools for investigating the ecological dynamics underlying the progressive periodontal disease process.
National Support of Advanced Industrial Automation Research in the United States

Abstract Industrial research in the United States is supported by a multitude of Federal Agencies. Except for certain defense related projects, these tend to be generally small and quite diverse. This paper will trace the present funding pattern and will outline some recent developments which promise to greatly change the present situations in respect to industrial productivity and productivity related automation research.
Quasiparticle relaxation in superconducting nanostructures

We examine energy relaxation of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in ``dirty'' superconductors with the electron mean free path much shorter than the superconducting coherence length. Relaxation of low-energy nonequilibrium quasiparticles is dominated by phonon emission. We derive the corresponding collision integral and find the quasiparticle relaxation rate. The latter is sensitive to the breaking of time reversal symmetry (TRS) by a magnetic field (or magnetic impurities). As a concrete application of the developed theory, we address quasiparticle trapping by a vortex and a current-biased constriction. We show that trapping of hot quasiparticles may predominantly occur at distances from the vortex core, or the constriction, significantly exceeding the superconducting coherence length.
Organizing Sexuality: Silencing and the Push–Pull Process of Co‐sexuality in the Workplace

How human beings think about, talk about, and organize around sexuality is changing. Growing social legitimization for sexual minority relationships and a more fluid social understanding of sexual identities has shifted how we bound “normal” sexuality. In the workplace, these shifting norms affect employees of all sexual identities who must make sense of new policies and complex daily practices. This paper introduces the concept of co-sexuality, the push-and-pull process of communicatively organizing around sexuality. Using this concept, we take a grounded theory approach to exploring how employees of various sexualities and in different occupations understand “normal” sexuality and subsequently organize around it. Ultimately, participants described being silenced or silencing another to maintain sexual “norms” at work.
Illicit drugs: contaminants in the environment and utility in forensic epidemiology.

The spectrum of chemicals recognized as contributing to widespread contamination of the environment was extended to pharmaceutical ingredients as early as the 1970s. The topic, however, did not begin to attract broader scientific attention until the mid-1990s (Daughton 2009a). Occurring generally at levels below 1 μg/L (1 part per billion) in ambient waters, recognition of the near-ubiquitous presence of pharmaceuticals in a wide variety of environmental compartments serves as a stunning measure of the advancements in analytical chemistry and of our still-emerging understanding of the scope and complexity of xenobiotic occurrence in the environment.
Eversion endarterectomy of the deceased donor renal artery to prevent kidney discard.

INTRODUCTION Deceased donor (DD) kidneys exhibiting severe atherosclerosis involving the renal artery (RA) may represent a contraindication to kidney transplantation (KT). METHODS Eversion endarterectomy (EE) was performed as a salvage procedure to permit KT. RESULTS We identified 17 cases (1.2% of all DD KTs during the study period) involving EE of the DD RA. Thirteen (76.5%) kidneys were imported, and mean Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) was 81%. Mean DD age was 59 years, mean RA plaque length was 1.7 cm, and mean glomerulosclerosis on biopsy was 10%. Mean recipient age was 64 years, and dialysis vintage was 32 months. With a mean follow-up of 36 months, actual patient and graft survival rates were both 76.5%. One patient died early without a technical problem. Of the remaining 16 patients, 2-year patient and graft survival rates were both 100%. There were no early or late vascular complications. The incidence of delayed graft function was 35%. Mean serum creatinine and GFR levels in patients with functioning grafts at latest follow-up were 1.8 mg/dL and 40 mL/min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS EE appears to be a safe and under-utilized procedure that may prevent discard of marginal donor kidneys and is associated with acceptable short-term outcomes.
Some Features of Electromagnetic Interactions

I propose, in these lectures, to give a general outline which, I believe, will be appropriate to an experimenter. This will involve the presentation of enough theory to explain why the experiments are important but no great detail will be given. At the same time I wish to show the interest in the phenomena of electromagnetic interactions.
Photoplethysmography: Analysis of the Pulse Oximeter Waveform

A pulse oximeter is a noninvasive, accurate, continuous indicator of arterial oxygen saturation. It is considered one of the American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) standard monitors. The basic technology behind the pulse oximeter is photoelectric plethysmography, as reported by Hertzman. There are two components of the waveforms: the pulsatile component or AC portion and the static component or DC. Time and frequency domain are two different methods available for plethysmographic waveform analysis. Variability of the plethysmographic waveforms with ventilation provides an insight about functional volume status of the subjects. Plethysmographic waveform analysis provides more clinical information, and this what we are going to explore in this chapter.
Are the Benefits of Economic Resources for Socioemotional Functioning Shared across Racial/Ethnic Groups?

Growth in economic disparities, economic segregation, and racial/ethnic diversity have occurred in tandem in the U.S., leading to essential questions concerning whether the benefits of economic resources are shared across diverse groups. Analyzing a sample of eighth grade early adolescents (age 14 years) drawn from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (N = 7625; 59% White, 12% Black, 19% Hispanic, 7% Asian, 2% Native American, and 2% multiracial; 47% female), lagged regression models assessed links between family, neighborhood, and school income and adolescent emotional and behavioral functioning. The results found that family income was associated with heightened emotional and behavioral functioning, and school income with improved behavioral functioning for White adolescents, whereas no benefits emerged for Black or Hispanic youth. In contrast, mixed associations emerged between income and early adolescent functioning for Asian and American Indian youth, with predominantly negative links appearing for multiracial youth. These patterns highlight diversity in the potential benefits and costs of economic resources, and suggest the need to better specify mechanisms through which economic disparities affect youth from varied backgrounds.
The environment, humankind, and slow violence in Chinese science fiction:

This essay takes an analytical approach to examine some Chinese science fiction narratives with the themes of climate change, terraforming, and environment degradation—written from the mid-20th cen...
Post-thyroidectomy neck appearance and impact on quality of life in thyroid cancer survivors.

Background There is a paucity of patient-reported data on thyroidectomy scar perception. The effect of neck scarring on quality of life is not known. We hypothesized that worse perception of neck appearance would be related to worse health-related quality of life and that perception improves with time. Methods Survivors of thyroid cancer (n = 1,710) were surveyed online. Respondents were asked to score the appearance of their neck via a 5-point Likert scale. Quality of life was evaluated via the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29. The relationships between neck appearance, patient characteristics, quality of life, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System domains were analyzed with multivariable models and Spearman partial correlations (rs). Results Older age was associated with better perception of neck appearance (odds ratio 0.975/year; 95% confidence interval 0.967-0.983; P 2 years after surgery. On multivariable analysis, age >45 years, >2 years since surgery, and higher self-reported quality of life were independent predictors of better self-reported neck appearance (P ≤ .0003). In patients ≤2 years after surgery (n = 568), the PROMIS domains of anxiety, depression, social function, and fatigue had weak but statistically significant correlations with worse perception of neck appearance (P Conclusion Age >45, >2 years since surgery, and higher quality of life were independently associated with better self-reported neck appearance. Perception of neck appearance returned to preoperative baseline 2 years after surgery. PROMIS domains had a weak but significant association with neck appearance perception in patients ≤2 years after surgery. The impact of post-thyroidectomy neck appearance on quality of life appears to be mild and transient and returns to preoperative levels after 2 years.
Complete Genome Segment Sequences of Tomato Chlorotic Spot Virus from Peanut in Haiti.

ABSTRACT Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) is emerging as a significant constraint to vegetable and legume crops in the Americas. The complete genome sequence of a TCSV isolate naturally infecting peanut (Arachis hypogea) in Haiti was determined in the effort to build epidemiological knowledge of the virus.
Structure of the Vibrational States in the v3-Fundamental and Its Overtones in SF6 and Multiphoton Absorption Effects

In a previous work1, we have put forth the thesis that the experimentally observed2, 3, 4 rapid absorption of several CO2 photons of like frequency, is due to the vibrational octahedral splitting of the vibrational states of overtones of the triply degenerate v3 mode. Up to this point, all other treatments of collisionless multiple-photon dissociation of SF6 by CO2 laser radiation 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 have utilized a simple one dimensional anharmonic oscillator (or equivalent) model for the vibrational states of SF6. In such a model, a fundamental difficulty is immediate: how is the rapid absorption of 25–30 laser photons of approximately like frequency possible, when the (strong) anharmonicity of the molecular potential shrinks the spacing of successive Work performed under the auspices of the United States Energy Research and Development Administration vibrational states too rapidly and by too large an amount? Several explanations have appeared on the scene.
The impact of residents sitting at the bedside on patient satisfaction during team rounds.

Abstract Objectives Patient satisfaction ratings are a priority for academic medical centers. Sitting during patient encounters has been recommended as a “best practice.”1 A prior study showed that hospitalists had higher-rated communication skills when sitting compared to standing at the bedside during rounds.2 It is unclear whether the same is true of resident-led team rounds. Methods We performed a cluster-randomized crossover trial assigning 18 internal medicine residents to sit or stand at the bedside during rounds. Results A total of 347 patients were surveyed to assess physician communication skills. Standing residents received higher ratings than sitting residents on 2 of 5 survey items and rounding duration did not differ. These results differ from prior work that suggests sitting is superior to standing2–6. Conclusion We suspect that one rounding member sitting, while all others stand, is not enough to impact patients’ perceptions. These results suggest that initiatives to optimize patient satisfaction on resident-staffed units should be focused elsewhere. Practice implications Patients do not have better impressions of physician communication skills when one team member is sitting and the rest are standing.
Appendicitis in Low-Resource Settings

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies globally. Its incidence is increasing in low- and middle-Human Development Index countries (LMHDICs). Although a proportion of patients can be treated successfully with non-operative management consisting of antibiotics, supportive therapy, and close observation, current diagnostic algorithms lack the granularity to identify these patients accurately. Methods: We reviewed published literature describing practice patterns and clinical outcomes for appendicitis in LMHDICs and compared them with studies from high-Human Development Index countries, as well as guidelines published by international surgical societies. Results: We identified shortcomings in current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies used in LMHDICs. Delays in obtaining surgical care inherent in many LMHDIC healthcare systems make prompt surgical care the mainstay for the treatment of acute appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy leads to better outcomes than open appendectomy in resource-constrained settings and when available should be the surgical technique of choice. Conclusions: Acute appendicitis is common in LMHDICs, and if possible, laparoscopic appendectomy should be the procedure of choice.
XP- and X0-movement in the Latin verb: Evidence from mirroring and anti-mirroring

Latin verbs appear to both obey and disobey the Mirror Generalization (Baker 1985), albeit in different inflectional forms (Cinque 1999). Given the importance of the Mirror Generalization to morphosyntactic theorizing, this situation deserves scrutiny. We develop an analysis on which all Latin finite verbs, whether mirroring or anti-mirroring, share a single, simple, virtually invariant derivation, involving one step of head movement (Asp to T) and one step of phrasal movement (vP to [Spec,TP]). On this analysis, the Mirror Generalization is valid for Latin, despite appearances, but it is crucially about structures formed by operations on heads: phrasal movement can give rise to apparent violations of it (Myler 2017). The analysis extends readily to nonfinite forms, solving an anti-mirroring paradox arising among the participles. It also makes correct syntactic predictions. When the verb word is a constituent, it is a TP, and the analysis correctly predicts that it should move as a phrase, not as a head. The analysis also makes correct predictions about the positions of vP-adjuncts, and is fully compatible with what is known about leftward argument movement out of vP. Finally, unlike two competing analyses (Embick 2000; Calabrese 2019), it accounts for anti-mirroring in Latin without any stipulations placing passive Voice in an unexpectedly peripheral position within the verb word. The larger picture that emerges is one in which phonological words need not correspond to syntactic constituents, but can instead be reflexes of linearly contiguous series of morphemes suspended across potentially vast regions of syntactic space (Julien 2002).
Concomitant modulation of BOLD responses in white matter pathways and cortex.

Abstract In response to a flickering visual stimulus, the BOLD response in primary visual cortex varies with the flickering frequency and is maximal when it is close to 8Hz. In previous studies we demonstrated that BOLD signals in specific white matter (WM) pathways covary with the alternations between stimulus conditions in a block design in similar manner to gray matter (GM) regions. Here we investigated whether WM tracts show varying responses to changes in flicker frequency and are modulated in the same manner as cortical areas. We used a Fourier analysis of BOLD signals to measure the signal amplitude and phase at the fundamental frequency of a block-design task in which flickering visual stimuli alternated with blank presentations, avoiding the assumption of any specific hemodynamic response function. The BOLD responses in WM pathways and the primary visual cortex were evaluated for flicker frequencies varying between 2 and 14Hz. The variations with frequency of BOLD signals in specific WM tracts followed closely those in primary visual cortex, suggesting that variations in cortical activation are directly coupled to corresponding BOLD signals in connected WM tracts. Statistically significant differences in the timings of BOLD responses were also measured between visual cortex and specific WM bundles. These results confirm that when cortical BOLD responses are modulated by selecting different task parameters, relevant WM tracts exhibit corresponding BOLD signals that are also affected.
What Is the Appropriate Extent of Lymph Node Dissection in Esophageal Cancer

Although a rare malignancy, mortality from esophageal cancer remains high. Lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy is an essential part of the staging process for esophageal cancer and has been independently shown to affect overall survival. The optimal lymphadenectomy has been studied and will be reviewed below, including the total number of lymph nodes that need to be sampled to provide survival benefit, the lymph node ratio as a prognostic indicator, and the different anatomic dissections performed. It is recommended that a lymphadenectomy should at least include 15 lymph nodes sampled via at least a two-field approach and should have a standardized technique for submitting lymph nodes to pathology.
On MIMO Gaussian Wiretap Channels with Optimal Energy Harvesting

In this paper, we consider the problem of energy harvesting maximization in a wiretap channel model while keeping the secrecy rate higher than a given threshold and the transmit power lower than a given constant. In this model, the transmitted radio signal that conveys information is also considered as an energy carrier. The energy receiver (Eve) is a legitimate user who may benefit from the energy of the received signal that is sent to the information receiver (Bob) but she should not be able to decode the message itself. Energy harvesting maximization at Eve’s side is a non-convex optimization problem and therefore intractable. To tackle this problem, we use rotation matrices to represent the covariance matrix of the transmitted signal and then apply the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. We derive an analytical solution for the case in which the number of transmit antennas is two whereas the numbers of receive antennas at Bob’s and Eve’s sides are arbitrary and finite. Finally, we verify the results by simulations.
MicroRNA profiles in calcified and healthy aorta: therapeutic impact of miR-145 and miR-378

Our goal was to elucidate microRNAs (miRNAs) that may repress the excess bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling observed during pathological calcification in the Klotho mouse model of kidney disease. We hypothesized that restoring healthy levels of miRNAs that post-transcriptionally repress osteogenic calcific factors may decrease aortic calcification. Our relative abundance profiles of miRNAs in healthy aorta differ greatly from those in calcified mouse aorta. Many of these miRNAs are predicted to regulate proteins involved in BMP signaling and may control osteogenesis. Two differentially regulated miRNAs, miR-145 and miR-378, were selected based on three criteria: reduced levels in calcified aorta, the ability to target more than one protein in the BMP signaling pathway, and conservation of targeted sequences between humans and mice. Forced expression using a lentiviral vector demonstrated that restoring normal levels repressed the synthesis of BMP2 and other pro-osteogenic proteins and inhibited pathological aortic calcification in Klotho mice with renal insufficiency. This study identified miRNAs that may impact BMP signaling in both sexes and demonstrated the efficacy of selected miRNAs in reducing aortic calcification in vivo. Calcification of the aorta and the aortic valve resulting from abnormal osteogenesis is common in those with kidney disease, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Such vascular osteogenesis is a clinically significant feature. The calcification modulating miRNAs described here are candidates for biomarkers and miRNA replacement therapies in the context of chronic kidney disease and other pro-calcific conditions.
Vitamin C against the harmful effects of prenatal passive smoking: when all other options fail?

Vitamin C administration to severely addicted pregnant smokers may induce a small improvement in lung function of their offspring compared to controls. To assess any clinical relevance, replicate and long-term follow-up studies are needed.https://bit.ly/2DZoVRT
Friendship in Captivity? Plato’s Lysis as a Guide to Interspecies Justice

How should a just society treat the many non-human animals that live entirely within human societies? If securing the capabilities of non-human animals is a basic commitment of justice, how can we ...
The Access Economy

This study uses a push/pull framework to determine the viability of substituting traditional jobs for access economy jobs for people who choose to lease their assets. The majority of those who participated in our survey were relatively young (under 40), college-educated men and women. We conducted the analysis using an ordered probit. For most participants the primary reason for taking an access economy job was to earn additional income, while those reporting a less predictable income were more likely to enjoy the job. People with a higher number of dependents were attracted to this activity for its location/flexibility and the ability to take care of family members when not working. The analysis of the data leads us to conclude that people participated in this activity due to a push factor; namely, the need to complement their incomes. This is because more than 70% of those sharing their assets for short periods of time do not expect to obtain more than 10% of their income from this activity over five years. Thus, we conclude that the access economy under current conditions is generally not a viable substitute for traditional employment, in part due to lack of benefits. • People enter the access economy primarily to obtain additional income. • The access economy provides location flexibility and ability to take care of family. • The access economy generates insufficient income to be a substitute to traditional work.
Building Resilience in Nursing Students During the Pandemic

Abstract: As a nursing professor at Goshen College, a small liberal arts college in Indiana, and a nurse practitioner working at an urgent care, I have realized that there are lessons from the clinic’s transformation into a COVID-19 testing center that can be applied to educating future nurses. As nurses, we must adapt to different work environments, ever-changing practices as research progresses, and a population whose needs are different now than they will be in five years. As nursing educators, these lessons are some of the most difficult to pass on to students as the majority of their nursing education occurs in a classroom or lab, and nearly all of their clinical experience occurs in a hospital. In this essay, I explore the ways in which I taught students about the resilience that nurses must have and how the transition at the urgent care has aided these efforts. For those of us with limited online teaching experience, making hours of lecture videos could have been seen as the safe choice. But doing so would have shortchanged our students: we would not have replaced students honing their skills in lab or interacting with real patients during their clinicals. I discuss some of the methods our department used to combat these tendencies; for example, my students recorded themselves physically assessing family members. In addition to demonstrating our adaptability in teaching, the nursing faculty showed our students first-hand how resilient their professors have been: several of us practice, and a handful, including me, have increased our hours on the front lines of this pandemic in part because we view nursing as our vocation: we help whenever needed (White, 2002).
A Review of “Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability” and “Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change”

Well, it's bad news and good news for city planners according to the latest reports by the United Nation's (UN) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Founded in 1988 by the World Meteor...
Data Acquisition and Control System for The KlC-Hsst Experiments at the ORR

Major components and primary functions of the process control system for the K1C-HSST irradiation experiments at the Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR) are described. Information relative to methodology for integrating unique features of the Digital Equipment Corporation’s RSX-llM Operating System with analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog hardware is presented. In particular, data flow among various real-time applications programs relative to system hardware is presented. General features of the temperature control algorithm are presented, and results that illustrate the spatial temperature distribution in the capsule achieved by the control system are included.
Characterization of homonuclear diatomic ions by semi-empirical Morse potential energy curves.: 3. Rare-gas positive ions revisited

Abstract The Morse parameters for all the Rg 2 + and ground- and D-state curves for the X 2 − are reported. Based on the isoelectronic equivalence and new literature data for the ground states of I 2 − , Ne 2 + and Ar 2 + [Ramos et al., Phys. Rev. A 56 (1997) 1913; Signorell et al., J. Chem. Phys. 107 (1997) 10819; Zanni et al., J. Chem. Phys. 107 (1997) 7613] the literature high-resolution photoelectron spectra [Hall et al., J. Phys. B 28 (1995) 2435] can be analyzed to give accurate D 0 , υ e and some r e for all the states. For some curves, the absorption spectra must be used. To do this the selected values of ground-state Rg 2 + parameters are: Ne 2 + (1.28±0.01 eV, 175±2 pm, 569±4 cm −1 ); Ar 2 + (1.314±0.001 eV, 256±2 pm, 307±1 cm −1 ); Kr 2 + (1.18±0.01 eV, 272±2 pm, 162±2 cm −1 ); Xe 2 + (1.007±0.005 eV, 308.5±2 pm, 128±5 cm −1 ).
Si6H12/Polymer Inks for Electrospinning a-Si Nanowire Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

Amorphous silicon nanowires 'a-SiNWs' have been prepared by electrospinning a liquid silane-based precursor. Cyclohexasilane 'Si6H12' was admixed with poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) in toluene giving an ink that was electrospun into the Si6H12/PPMA wires with diameters of 50-2000 nm. Raman spectroscopy revealed that thermal treatment at 350 C transforms this deposit into a-SiNWs. These materials were coated with a thin carbon layer and then tested as half-cells where a reasonable plateau in electrochemical cycling was observed after an initial capacity fade. Additionally, porous a-SiNWs were realized when the thermally decomposable binder polypropylene carbonate/polycyclohexene carbonate was used as the polymer carrier.
A Murine Myh6MerCreMer Knock-In Allele Specifically Mediates Temporal Genetic Deletion in Cardiomyocytes after Tamoxifen Induction

A mouse model that mediates temporal, specific, and efficient myocardial deletion with Cre-LoxP technology will be a valuable tool to determine the function of genes during heart formation. Mhy6 encodes a cardiac muscle specific protein: alpha-myosin heavy chain. Here, we generated a new Myh6-MerCreMer (Myh6MerCreMer/+) inducible Cre knock-in mouse by inserting a MerCreMer cassette into the Myh6 start codon. By crossing knock-in mice with Rosa26 reporter lines, we found the Myh6MerCreMer/+ mice mediate complete Cre-LoxP recombination in cardiomyocytes after tamoxifen induction. X-gal staining and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that Myh6-driven Cre recombinase was specifically activated in cardiomyocytes at embryonic and adult stages. Furthermore, echocardiography showed that Myh6MerCreMer/+ mice maintained normal cardiac structure and function before and after tamoxifen administration. These results suggest that the new Myh6MerCreMer/+ mouse can serve as a robust tool to dissect the roles of genes in heart development and function. Additionally, myocardial progeny during heart development and after cardiac injury can be traced using this mouse line.
Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Case Study of Disease Mongering and Activist Resistance

Tiefer highlights key steps in the "creation" of a new diagnosis, female sexual dysfunction, and of the campaign to challenge its reductionist approach to women's sexual problems.
Thin-film beam splitter that reflects light as a half-wave retarder and transmits it without change of polarization: application to a Michelson interferometer

The refractive index n1 of a transparent layer of quarter-wave optical thickness coating a transparent substrate of refractive index n2 can be chosen to produce half-wave retardation (HWR) in reflection and no change of polarization in refraction at any angle of incidence ϕ. The function n1(ϕ, n2), and the associated polarization-independent reflectance of the film-substrate system R(ϕ,n2) are determined. Such a coated surface can be used as a beam splitter with excellent characteristics (e.g., split fractions that do not depend on source polarization, a split beam whose polarization is identical to that of the incident beam and operation over a wide range of incidence angles). A concrete example of a coated Ge-slab beam splitter for 10.6-μm radiation at ϕ = 45° is given. The beam-splitter face of the slab is coated with the HWR layer, and the exit face is coated with a double layer that produces total refraction without change of polarization. Such a beam splitter is tolerant to film-thickness errors and is reasonably achromatic over a small (e.g., 10–11-μm) wavelength range. When used in a Michelson interferometer this beam splitter renders its operation totally independent of source polarization.
Premature infant behavior: an ethological study in a special care nursery.

The Social and Sensory Environment Studies of very low birth-weight infants have quantified the amount and quality of social interaction with staff and parents and described the sound environment in an incubator. The present study conerns preterm infant behavior and reactions to these stimuli with particular reference to approach and withdrawal and vocalization. Among the findings are that while intermittent vocalization increases, infant cry decreases over the first three weeks in the incubator. Approach activities take place with some consistency whereas withdrawal differs from child to child. The ethnographic focus on interactive components of the intensive care experience documents the process of intersubjective development for the purpose of locating and isolating points of vulnerability in language and cognitive skills of infants born at very low birthweight.
Knee joint proprioception: a comparison between female intercollegiate gymnasts and controls.

The role of proprioception as a protective mechanism has gained interest in recent years. From the clinical standpoint, several studies have dealt with ways to enhance proprioception following surgery and during rehabilitation. If kinesthesia (ability to detect passive motion) can be enhanced as a consequence of long-term athletic training, such training must be included as a part of the rehabilitation process to protect the patient from reinjury. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to compare the kinesthetic knee pattern between trained gymnasts and healthy nongymnasts. The proprioception testing device (PTD) was used to evaluate knee kinesthesia. From 45° of flexion, the knee was passively extended with the PTD. The device was stopped by the subject when this passive motion was detected. Fifteen healthy college-age female gymnasts (mean age 19.3 years) and 30 normal volunteers (mean age 20.7 years) comprised our study sample. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean values of the dominant gymnastic knee to the dominant knee in the control group. Results revealed statistically significant mean differences between the trained gymnastic group and the untrained control group (F1.34 (.95)=7.17.P=0.011). The results of this study suggest that extensive training has a positive influence on knee kinesthesia in addition to increasing muscle tone. According to the findings of this and other studies, highly trained athletes possess enhanced neurosensory pathways which are speculated to develop as a result of long-term athletic training. Although definite conclusions cannot be made from our investigation, prospective studies can determine the true role of athletic training in proprioceptive patterns.
Bile salts act as effective protein-unfolding agents and instigators of disulfide stress in vivo

Commensal and pathogenic bacteria must deal with many different stress conditions to survive in and colonize the human gastrointestinal tract. One major challenge that bacteria encounter in the gut is the high concentration of bile salts, which not only aid in food absorption but also act as effective physiological antimicrobials. The mechanism by which bile salts limit bacterial growth is still largely unknown. Here, we show that bile salts cause widespread protein unfolding and aggregation, affecting many essential proteins. Simultaneously, the bacterial cytosol becomes highly oxidizing, indicative of disulfide stress. Strains defective in reducing oxidative thiol modifications, restoring redox homeostasis, or preventing irreversible protein aggregation under disulfide stress conditions are sensitive to bile salt treatment. Surprisingly, cholate and deoxycholate, two of the most abundant and very closely related physiological bile salts, vary substantially in their destabilizing effects on proteins in vitro and cause protein unfolding of different subsets of proteins in vivo. Our results provide a potential mechanistic explanation for the antimicrobial effects of bile salts, help explain the beneficial effects of bile salt mixtures, and suggest that we have identified a physiological source of protein-unfolding disulfide stress conditions in bacteria.
Ready formation of stable cationic Rh(I) complexes of MeCN, formamide, urea and related species via replacement of the triflate in trans-(Ph3P)2Rh(CO)(OTf)

Abstract The weakly-coordinated trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) in trans-(Ph3P)2Rh(CO)(OTf) (OTfOSO2CF3) can be readily replaced by ligand L to form stable ionic complexes [trans-(Ph3P)2RhL(CO)]OTf (LMeCN, formamide pyrone and urea). The replacement of triflate by carbon monoxide forms an unstable species that gradually loses CO and returns the starting material. Sterically hindered ligands such as 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and xanthone do not react.
Carbon balance of Yucca elata Engelm. during a hot and cool period in situ

Respiratory activity of intact, attached roots was measured under field and controlled conditions. Root respiration of Yucca elata Engelm. was highly temperature dependent: Q10 values decreased from 2.1 (12–22° C) to 1.7 (26–36° C) as temperatures increased. Respiration ceased after 5 h at 42° C. In the field, in August, when net leaf photosynthesis was severely depressed, the diel fluctuation in the respiration rate of suberized and partially suberized roots was predominantly a function of temperature. A photoperiod-associated rise in respiration rates apart from temperature response occurred in February for nonsuberized, partially suberized, and suberized roots when active net photosynthesis occurred throughout the photoperiod. In whole-plant root systems, respiratory CO2 was 3.2 and 4.3 mg CO2·g DW-1·d-1 in August and February, respectively, when adjusted for the proportion of suberized and nonsuberized lateral roots. On a whole-plant basis, 0.89 mg C·g DW-1·d-1 was gained during February and 0.46 mg C·g DW-1·d-1 was lost in August. The belowground: aboveground ratio of whole-plants in situ was 0.42 on a shallow soil where vertical root growth was limited to a soil depth of 68 cm and ranged from 1.29 to 5.94 \(\left( {\bar x = 3.31} \right)\) in deep sands. No leaf dark fixation of CO2 was observed in field plants during August and February, nor in well-watered plants or plants subjected to drought in laboratory studies. Although small diel fluctuations in leaf acidity occurred in both field and greenhouse-grown plants, results of this study suggest that Y. elata is a C3 plant.
Initial cholinergic differentiation in embryonic chick retina is responsive to insulin and cell-cell interactions.

Abstract Previous work [Kyriakis et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 84 (1987) 7463–7467] had shown that insulin, when added during a window of binding from embryonic days 9–11, stimulates the normal developmental increase in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity (a marker for cholinergic differentiation) in cultured embryonic chick retinal neurons. Here, we investigated the effect of insulin and IGF 1 on embryonic chick retinal neurons at the stage of development (embryonic day 6) when ChAT activity is first expressed. We investigated insulin peptide effects in retinal tissue developing in vitro as well as in cultures of retinal cells. We show that insulin also stimulated the initial embryonic increase in ChAT activity but had no stimulatory effect on glutamic acid decarboxylase activity (a marker for GABAergic differentiation), an enzyme whose activity also increases developmentally in the same retinal neurons. In fact, insulin inhibited the expression of GAD activity in the retina. The insulin-mediated increase in ChAT activity was independent of normal cell-cell interactions but could not replace them. Insulin also stimulated choline uptake but only after a two day delay, suggesting that the normal program for cholinergic differentiation in the chick retina was induced by insulin. IGF 1 did not have any effect on either cholinergic or GABAergic differentiation. We conclude that cholinergic differentiation in chick embryo retinal neurons is dependent on both insulin- and cell contact-mediated signals.
Video Delay Lines

Continuous coaxial transmission lines are described in which the velocity of propagation is about one one-thousandth of the velocity of light. These lines include a solenoidal inner conductor and a Litz-braid outer conductor. Phase and amplitude distortions in such lines are discussed, and design procedures are presented to yield lines of optimum performance under various conditions.