cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Binaries

The end of life remains to be outlined for those objects which are too massive, concentrate much matter in the center, and lose too little to escape a supernova event. The prominent clues lie in the X-ray domain, inaccessible only a few years back. Comparatively little impact on double-star studies comes from the exploration of radio pulsars as bona-fide neutron stars and supernova remnants. One radio pulsar (PSR 1913 + 16; Hulse and Taylor, 1975) has been reported to show pulse shifts of possibly orbital origin; the large eccentricity e = 0.6 renders the case suspicious. If binary, a large apsidal motion is expected which should help in determining a pulsar mass.
The Roles of Gender Stigma Consciousness, Impostor Phenomenon and Academic Self-Concept in the Academic Outcomes of Women and Men

The question of gender differences in academic outcomes has been widely reported and debated. Recent data suggest more similarities than differences in achievement, yet also show males being more likely to make ability attributions for grades while females are more likely to make effort attributions. Thus, it may be more useful to focus on underlying factors and psychological processes that are gendered and influence academic outcomes. The primary purpose of this study was to test a hypothesized model of academic outcomes in a sample of U.S. undergraduate women and men in the Southwest (345 women, 146 men). Participants were recruited from an educational psychology subject pool and completed an online survey. A hypothesized path model was tested that linked gender stigma consciousness to impostor phenomenon, and linked impostor phenomenon to the academic outcomes of disengagement and grade point average (GPA) through academic self-concept. Alternative models were also tested that included 1) academic self-concept predicting impostor feelings, 2) impostor feelings predicting gender stigma consciousness, and 3) GPA predicting academic self-concept. Results revealed the hypothesized model fit the data reasonably well across men and women while the alternative models resulted in a poorer fit. However, there were notable differences in some of the paths. The path from impostor phenomenon to GPA was significant for women but not men, while the path from academic self-concept to disengagement was significant for men but not women. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the gendered role of impostor feelings in grades are discussed.
Virtual Sample Processing: Extending the Reach of Multimedia

Traditional multimedia systems deal with only a few basic media: text, graphics, audio and video. However, many other types of media, such as ultrasound, infrared and RF signals, can be represented by streams of data samples and processed within multimedia applications. In this paper, we introduce some of these new media domains and identify interesting opportunities enabled by their software-based processing. We also describe our SpectrumWare testbed for experimenting with these new media types and report on our experience to date. We believe that the time has come to broaden the scope of ‘multimedia’ to include any form of sampled information. Advances in processor and analog-to-digital conversion technology have brought raw sample streams within the grasp of desktop computers and media processing systems. Coupling these new media types with software-based processing allows the construction of virtual devices that can handle different sample sources, modify their behavior based on information extracted from the media, and transform information between media domains.
Transnational Politics and Feminist Inquiries in the Middle East: An Interview with Professor Lila Abu-Lughod

In this interview Professor Abu-Lughod traces how her detour into postcolonial studies and transnational feminism created new possibilities for inquiries into the Middle East, while emphasizing how significant ethnographic research was for her to address key issues in postcolonial studies. The interview then focuses on the question of Palestine, and Abu-Lughod talks about her US academic father, Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, who came from Palestine and returned to Palestine in his later life, as well as her personal and professional commitments to justice in the region. She reflects on the distinctive ways in which women experience militarized zones of conflict, such as Palestine, as well as on the intersectional politics between the Palestinian cause and gender justice for sexual minorities. Elaborating on how Palestinian art has played a key activist role in resisting Israeli oppression against the Palestinians, the interview ends with Abu-Lughod discussing how her forthcoming book "Saving Muslim Women" speaks to transnational feminist inquiries in the Middle East.
Multiplication of dislocations in Si1-xGex layers on Si(001).

A mechanism describing how dislocations in epitaxial layers multiply is presented. It is shown that a single threading dislocation can give rise to an array of dislocation sources, where each source generates a separate dislocation loop perpendicular to the primary misfit dislocation. The conditions controlling the activation of these sources are discussed in detail. Most notably, it is demonstrated that a minimum layer thickness, referred to as the ``multiplication thickness,'' is required to accommodate the cross-slip processes that are necessary for source activation. An experimental value of 0.67 \ensuremath{\mu}m for the multiplication thickness ${\mathit{h}}_{\mathit{x}}$ is measured from a single ${\mathrm{Si}}_{0.87}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.13}$ layer on Si(001), and a general expression for ${\mathit{h}}_{\mathit{x}}$ is developed. The dislocation patterns produced by this mechanism are also considered, as are the implications of such a mechanism in light of the established view of strain relaxation.
Russia, Ukraine, and the West: Social Media Sentiment in the Euromaidan Protests

This paper investigates sentiment in the online conversation about the Ukrainian Euromaidan protests across a range of English- and Russian-language social and traditional media sources. Results from this exploratory research show more support for the Euromaidan protests in Russian-language sources, including among sources and users based in Russia, than originally expected. Sentiment in English-language sources, including those located in the United States and United Kingdom, is more negative than anticipated given the rhetorical support among western governments for the Euromaidan protests. However, social media content in Ukraine, the US, and the UK is more positive than traditional media outlets in those countries.
Use-dependent growth of pyramidal neurons after neocortical damage

Unilateral damage to the forelimb representation area of the sensorimotor cortex in adult rats increases dendritic arborization of layer V pyramidal neurons of the contralateral homotopic cortex. Arbor size was maximum at approximately 18 d postlesion, following which there was a partial elimination, or pruning, of dendritic processes. These neural changes were closely associated with behavioral events. The overgrowth of dendrites was related in time to disuse of the contralateral (to the lesion) forelimb and over-reliance on the ipsilateral forelimb for postural and exploratory movements. The pruning of dendrites was related to a return to more symmetrical use of the forelimbs. To investigate the possibility that lesion-induced asymmetries in motor behavior contributed to dendritic arborization changes, movements of the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion were restricted during the period of dendritic overgrowth through the use of one-holed vests. This interfered with the increase in dendritic arborization. In contrast, animals that were allowed to use both forelimbs, or only the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion, showed the expected increases. When sham-operated rats were forced to use only one forelimb, no significant increases in arborization were found. Therefore, neither a lesion nor asymmetrical limb use alone could account for the dendritic overgrowth--it depended on a lesion-behavior interaction. Furthermore, greater sensorimotor impairments were found when the dendritic growth was blocked, suggesting that the neural growth and/or associated limb-use behavior were related to functional recovery from the cortical damage. Finally, in a second experiment, immobilization of the impaired limb during the pruning period did not prevent the elimination of processes. Thus, the pruning of neural processes was not related simply to the recovery of more symmetrical forelimb use. There may be a period early after brain damage during which marked neural structural changes can occur in the presence of adequate behavioral demand.
GETTING IT TOGETHER IN BURGUNDY, 1675-1975

The municipal archives of Dijon occupy several cluttered rooms in the grand old palace of the Dukes of Burgundy. The archives' main door looks out onto the elegant semicircle of the Place de la Liberation, built in the late seventeenth century as the Place Royale. Readers in the high-ceilinged salle de travail have no trouble tallying arrivals and departures. A strident bell sounds in the room so long as the outside door is open. The interruption usually lasts five to ten seconds, as the newcomer closes the street door, crosses the anteroom, fumbles with the inner door, and enters. In bad weather arrivals are more disruptive; after the long bell stops sounding, visitors stomp their feet unseen, remove their boots and hang up their raincoats before presenting themselves for inspection. Exists are equally distracting, for they mirror the entries precisely: thud, shuffle, stomp, ring. Distractions, however, are few. Not many people come to the archives: a few city employees, an antiquarian or two, an occasional student from the university, now and then an itinerant historian. Those few have riches before them. They have the surviving papers of the capital of Burgundy, both as an independent power and as a major French province. The archives are especially full up to the point at which the centralization of the Revolution shifted the balance of power, and paperwork, toward the state's own bureaucracy. Among the thousands of bundles in the pre-revolutionary collection, 167 fall into series I. Series I includes Police, in the broad old-regime meaning of defense against all manner of public ills. Its topics are sanitation, public health, fire protection, asylums, pursuit of beggars, vagrants and criminals,
Relationship between just-in-time manufacturing practices and performance: A meta-analytic investigation

Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is among the most commonly researched topics in the area of operations management. This study examines the relationship between JIT manufacturing practices and performance outcomes by means of meta-analysis of correlations approach. Based on an in-depth analysis of literature spanning from 1992 to 2008, the results of this meta-analytic investigation support a positive relationship between JIT manufacturing practices and aggregate performance. However, the findings suggest that not all individual JIT practices are associated with all types of performance outcomes. This study highlights the JIT practices that have the greatest impact on individual performance outcomes and emphasizes the role of moderating factors in the relationship between JIT practices and performance. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed and directions for future theory building in JIT are presented.
Cyclin D1 production in cycling cells depends on ras in a cell-cycle-specific manner.

Abstract Background: Cellular Ras and cyclin D1 are required at similar times of the cell cycle in quiescent NIH3T3 cells that have been induced to proliferate, but not in the case of cycling NIH3T3 cells. In asynchronous cultures, Ras activity has been found to be required only during G2 phase to promote passage through the entire upcoming cell cycle, whereas cyclin D1 is required through G1 phase until DNA synthesis begins. To explain these results in molecular terms, we propose a model whereby continuous cell cycle progression in NIH3T3 cells requires cellular Ras activity to promote the synthesis of cyclin D1 during G2 phase. Cyclin D1 expression then continues through G1 phase independently of Ras activity, and drives the G1–S phase transition. Results: We found high levels of cyclin D1 expression during the G2, M and G1 phases of the cell cycle in cycling NIH3T3 cells, using quantitative fluorescent antibody measurements of individual cells. By microinjecting anti-Ras antibody, we found that the induction of cyclin D1 expression beginning in G2 phase was dependent on Ras activity. Consistent with our model, cyclin D1 expression during G1 phase was particularly stable following neutralization of cellular Ras. Finally, ectopic expression of cyclin D1 largely overcame the requirement for cellular Ras activity during the continuous proliferation of cycling NIH3T3 cells. Conclusions: Ras-dependent induction of cyclin D1 expression beginning in G2 phase is critical for continuous cell cycle progression in NIH3T3 cells.
Detection of single-base mutations by reaction of DNA heteroduplexes with a water-soluble carbodiimide followed by primer extension: application to products from the polymerase chain reaction

A new method was developed for the detection of single-base mutations in DNA. The polymerase chain reaction was used to prepare DNA fragments of up to 1 kb. Fragments that differed by a single-base were combined, denatured and renatured to generate heteroduplexes. The heteroduplexes were reacted with a water-soluble carbodiimide under conditions in which the carbodiimide modified Gs and Ts that were not base paired. The DNA was then used as a template for primer extension with Taq DNA polymerase under conditions in which extension terminated at the site of the carbodiimide-modified base and generated a 32P-labeled fragment that was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a fragment smaller than the full length product. The procedure detected all four general classes of single-base mutations in several different sequence contexts. The site of the mutation was located to within about 15 bp. Extension with both a 5'- and a 3'-primer made it possible to confirm the site of the mutation in most DNA samples or detect a mutation in heteroduplexes even if a G or T in one strand was unreactive because of its sequence context. The procedure appears to have several advantages over previously published techniques.
Plasma pharmacokinetics of oral chlortetracycline in group fed, ruminating, Holstein steers in a feedlot setting.

Reinbold, J. B., Coetzee, J. F., Gehring, R., Havel, J. A., Hollis, L. C., Olson, K. C., Apley, M. D. Plasma pharmacokinetics of oral chlortetracycline in group fed, ruminating, Holstein steers in a feedlot setting. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 33, 76–83. Chlortetracycline HCl (CTC) has impacted profitable livestock production since 1945. However, pharmacokinetic parameters for CTC in ruminating cattle are unavailable in peer-reviewed literature. A total of 18 steers were randomized to 4.4, 11, or 22 mg/kg/day p.o. CTC treatment groups (n = 6). Chlortetracycline treatment was offered as one-half of the daily dose b.i.d. (160 total doses/group) for 80 days. Blood samples were collected at selected time points throughout an 83-day study and analyzed with a solid phase extraction technique and novel ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy analytical method. Noncompartmental analysis (NCA) determined individual pharmacokinetic parameters by treatment group with coefficient of variation (CV %) estimates. A one-compartment open model with first order absorption and elimination, where absorption rate constant was equal to elimination rate constant, was fitted using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NLMEM). NLMEM determined the primary pharmacokinetic parameters: volume of distribution (V/F, 40.9 L/kg) and rate constant (k, 0.0478 h−1), and the secondary parameters: dose-normalized area under the curve (AUC/D, 0.29 h·μg/L), clearance (Cl/F, 1.8 L/kg/h), elimination half-life (t1/2, 16.2 h), Cmax/Dose (4.5 ng/mL), and time of Cmax (Tmax, 23.3 h) with improved CV estimates over NCA. Dose linearity was confirmed by anova of parameters derived from NCA by treatment group. Further studies are necessary for determining absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationships of CTC in group fed, ruminating cattle.
Noise Levels During College Football Games and Associated Effects on Players and Fans

Crowd noise levels in large stadiums are often discussed in the press and by the casual stadium patron; however, there has been little scientific evaluation of these levels and their corresponding effects. An effort was undertaken at Penn State University to measure noise on the field at Beaver Stadium (State College, PA: capacity 107,282) during a PSU football game. The two-fold purpose of these measurements was to evaluate the noise levels with respect to how they affect the game and make real-time, calibrated recordings for future use in the football team’s indoor practice facility. Measurements were taken on the field level using sound levels meters and DAT recorders throughout the PSU vs. Ohio State University football game on 27 October 2007. As a point of comparison, similar measurements were conducted by a team of researchers from Virginia Tech during the VT vs. University of Miami game on 17 November 2007 at Lane Stadium (Blacksburg, VA: capacity 66,233). The crowd noise levels are compared between the two stadiums taking into account the circumstances of the two games, time of day, and design of the stadiums. The levels on the field are evaluated in terms of speech intelligibility, i.e. the ability of the players to communicate with each other. In addition, a hearing loss safety assessment for both fans and players is presented.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Nucleolar and cytoplasmic uridine 3H incorporation in virus-infected plants virus-infected plants

Abstract A marked difference was found in the site of virus-directed uridine- 3 H incorporation in Vicia faba root tips infected with broad bean mottle virus (20 mμ sphere; BBMV) and clover yellow mosaic virus (flexuous rod). These comparisons were made with light microscope autoradiography and grain counts and electron microscope autoradiography. Actinomycin D (AMD) was used to inhibit normal RNA synthesis. As reported previously, clover yellow mosaic virus-infected cells showed a striking and highly localized incorporation of uridine- 3 H in the nucleoli. Broad bean mottle virus infections, however, showed no such nucleolar incorporation. Grain counts over nucleoli of healthy or BBMV-infected cells showed no significant differences whether AMD was used or not. There was a significantly greater cytoplasmic incorporation of uridine- 3 in BBMV-infected cells than in healthy cells. Electron microscope autoradiograms of BBMV-infected cells often showed incorporation in Golgi zones and endoplasmic reticulum. This was seen only rarely in healthy cells. In addition, clusters of grains appeared frequently in the BBMV-infected cells whereas in healthy cells they were seen primarily as individual grains. It is concluded that different viruses trigger different sites in cells to produce some form of virus-dependent RNA. Preliminary studies with tomato ringspot virus and tomato spotted wilt virus gave results similar to those seen with BBMV.
Somatosensory Thalamic Neurons: Effects of Cortical Depression

Deafferented somatosensory thalamic neurons showed hyperactivity, followed by greatly reduced activity, after initiation of cortical spreading depression; local cooling of sensorimotor cortex was followed only by the inactive phase. Stimulation of contralateral midbrain reticular formation during the inactive phase failed to induce the typical increase in discharge rate of somatosensory thalamic neurons, but produced desynchronization in unaffected cortex. These results indicate that corticothalamic discharge is necessary for sustaining the ongoing activity of deafferented somatosensory thalamic neurons and for maintaining their responsiveness to stimulation of the reticular formation.
Anorexígenos: indicaciones e interacciones

Antecedentes. Los anorexigenos generalmente no suelen ser de manejo habitual en la practica clinica psiquiatrica. Sin embargo, es frecuente indicar una amplia gama de psicofarmacos a pacientes a los cuales se les ha prescrito medicamentos supresores del apetito por otros profesionales. Esta combinacion farmacologica implica una serie de aspectos a considerar en relacion a las indicaciones, efectos adversos y fundamentalmente las interacciones propias de los agentes anorexigenos que en algunos casos pueden llegar a provocar complicaciones irreversibles y fatales. Objetivo. Puesta al dia de los principales farmacos anorexigenos disponibles en Chile describiendo su clasificacion, caracteristicas, farmacocinetica, indicaciones, contraindicaciones, efectos adversos e interacciones. Material y metodos. Revision actualizada de la literatura especializada. Resultados. Los anorexigenos son coadyuvantes en el tratamiento integral de pacientes obesos. El resultado del tratamiento es mejor si se acompana de una recuperacion de los habitos alimentarios. Poseen un alto potencial de abuso, dependencia, tolerancia y sindrome de privacion. Sus principales efectos son cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales y en el sistema nervioso central. Los mas utilizados en Chile entre 1997 y 1998 fueron fentermina, dietilpropion, fenproporex y dexfenfluramina. Discusion. La principal indicacion de los anorexigenos es la obesidad. Deben ser prescritos exclusivamente por medicos. Se recomienda su indicacion a corto plazo. Poseen importantes interacciones a considerar con IMAOs, ISRSs, descongestionantes, antitusigenos, antialergicos, anestesicos generales, sustancias ilicitas, alcohol y otras drogas metabolizadas por el citocromo P450. Se enfatiza la posibilidad de la produccion del sindrome serotoninergico. Chile, Argentina y Brasil se encuentran entre los principales paises consumidores de estimulantes
Cotton in Ultra‐Narrow Row Spacing: Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates

Ultra-narrow row spacing (UNR) of 25 cm or less may be a viable alternative to wide-row spacing for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the Mid-South USA but yield and quality in relation to wide-row cotton have been variable. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 through 2000 on Gigger silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalfs) to: (i) determine the effects of plant density (128 000, 256 000, and 385 000 plants ha -1 ) and N rate (90, 112, 134, and 157 kg ha -1 ) on irrigated and rain-fed UNR cotton and (ii) compare performance of UNR cotton to wide-row cotton (102-cm row spacing) at a density of 116000 plants ha -1 and fertilized with 90 kg N ha -1 . Increase in plant density decreased lint yield of irrigated cotton and had no effect on yield of rain-fed cotton. Increase in plant density of irrigated cotton decreased boll number plant -1 and individual boll weight but had no effect on boll number m -2 . Yield components of rain-fed cotton were not affected by varying plant density. Increasing N rate did not affect yield or yield components of irrigated or rain-fed cotton. Plant density, N rate, and row spacing affected fiber properties but effects were small and would not affect value or utilization. Under irrigation, UNR cotton averaged 771 kg lint ha -1 and wide-row cotton averaged 1069 kg lint ha -1 .Without irrigation, UNR cotton averaged 377 kg lint ha -1 and wide-row cotton averaged 586 kg lint ha -1 .Maximum yields of UNR cotton were attained from plant densities in the range of128 000 to 256 000 ha -1 and a N rate of 90 kg ha -1 .
Modeling and analysis of competitive propagation with social conversion

In this paper we model a class of propagation processes for multiple competing products on a contact network and analyze the resulting dynamical behaviors.We assume three types of product-adoption processes for each individual: self adoption, social adoption and social conversion. On this basis, we build a Markov chain model of the competitive propagation process. Based on the independence approximation, a difference equations system, referred to as the network competitive propagation model, is derived to approximate the original Markov chain. Both simulation work and theoretical results are given to evaluate the accuracy of the independence approximation. The network competitive propagation model does not exclude the long-term coexistence of the mutually exclusive competing products spreading in a single-layer network. The result on coexistence is contrary to some previous literature on the propagation of multiple memes. Moreover, we find that the probability distributions of nodes' states achieve asymptotic consensus, which indicates that our network competitive propagation model is a good example of network dynamics with both consensus and propagation behaviors. Theoretical analysis also reveals that, the rate of convergence to the consensus value depends on the self-adoption process, social conversion process, as well as the network topology.
Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma

Immunotherapy for melanoma has undergone significant change since the first attempts to treat patients with high dose IL-2. Herein, strategies to boost patient antitumor immunity through vaccination, treatment with agents that augment host immunity, and adoptive cell transfer will be discussed. The first two strategies have yielded only limited clinical success, but adoptive cell transfer therapy, particularly following a lymphodepleting, preconditioning regimen has resulted in objective response rates approaching 50%. For a number of reasons, lymphodepletion appears to be critical for maintenance of circulating antitumor T cells following adoptive cell transfer. Balancing antitumor efficacy, autoimmunity, and reconstitution of a functioning immune system remain challenging and potentially life-threatening issues.
The hazards of high callings

To conclude, it is the concern of this paper that a minister have enough sources of satisfaction and security in his nonprofessional life so that he is not tempted to use his parishioners for the attaining of those needs. The pastor must be free of the need to use his parishioners, else he is working, not primarily for the parishioners' well-being, but rather for his own needs for success. He must notneed to see people converted, nor counseled successfully, nor saved from divorce. This would be only using these parishioners as a means by which the pastor proves his abilities. To guard against this danger, in a work so important as the ministry, is a difficult task. But it can be done when the pastor works at having a successful and satisfying private life. Such a private life pays dividends in the mental health of the pastor, and in parish work which is well done.
7‐Amino‐5‐imino‐8(5H)‐quinolones, 6‐Amino‐8‐imino‐5(8H)‐quinolones and 7‐Alkyl‐4,6‐dihydroxy‐5,8‐quinolinediones as potential antiprotozoal agents

Oxidation of 7-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with silver oxide in dimethylformamide and in the presence of arylamines provided a series of 7-amino-5-arylimino-8(5H)-quinolones (VIIIb). Reaction of 8-dialkylamino-5,6-quinolinediones with triethyloxonium tetrafluoborate gave a series of unstable but synthetically useful enol ethers. These reacted with amines to give 6-amino-8-imino-5(8H)-quinolones, isolated and characterized as tetrafluoborate salts (XIa). Proton magnetic resonance studies showed these to be vinylogous amidinium salts, analogous to those previously obtained with 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone imines. 4,6-Dihydroxy-5,8-quinolinedione underwent free radical alkylation to give a 7-alkyl-4,6-dihydroxy-5,8-quinolinedione. Evaluation of the new compounds against various Plasmodium species in rodents, birds and mosquitoes revealed no significant antimalarial activity.
Materials Aspects of Display Devices

For many years interest in display devices stemmed almost entirely from the needs of television receivers, oscilloscopes, and radar systems whose requirements were almost ideally satisfied by the cathode-ray tube. However, during the past two decades the proliferation of small electronic instruments with digital output has stimulated the development of a number of new display media which, because of their compact nature and low power consumption, are better suited for such applications. In view of the success achieved with these technologies a continuing effort is being directed toward increasing their information capacity to the point where they may ultimately be useful in applications now requiring cathode-ray tubes.
Ask Us Anytime: Creating a Searchable FAQ Using Email and Chat Reference Transcripts

Users are increasingly expecting services to be available outside traditional venues and time frames. Clearly, not all library functions and services can be performed all the time, but a Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) tool is one function that can be. Librarians at Notre Dame decided to create a searchable FAQ database as a method to efficiently reach users at their time and point of need and as a way to provide instant, virtual feedback to common questions. The content for the FAQ database was derived from the analysis of over 3000 chat and email questions collected over the course of three years’ use of Docutek, an email and chat reference software. The process of coding the questions as well as the technological solutions employed to create a searchable database of frequently asked questions is described. A link to the FAQ appears on the ND Libraries Ask-A-Librarian page and has already seen much use.
Vertical Fast Blow-Up in a Single Bunch

Vertical coherent instabilities in bunched beams are studied with an emphasis on single bunch instabilities in which the growth time is less than the period of synchrotron oscillations. Single bunch instabilities have been studied by many people, however, in most treatments the standard assumption is that the coherent force can be treated as a perturbation compared to the synchrotron force. This simplifies the problem greatly since in this way an individual synchrotron mode is decoupled (or coupled only to a neighboring mode). In the regime of fast blow-up (growth time < synchrotron period) this assumption is not valid, and it is therefore necessary to include the coupling of all the synchrotron modes.
Epidemiologic Studies of Serotype Antigens Common to Groups Band C Neisseria meningitidis

Antisera to strains of group B Neisseria meningitidis (Frash) were used to serotype strains of group C N. meningitidis by an agar gel double diffusion technique. Serotupe antigen(s) were found in most strains examined, and the presence of group B serotype 2 antigen was associated with associated with sulfonamide resistance in group C strains isolated from sporadic cases and from cases and carriers in military and civilian epidemics of disease caused by sulfonamide-resistant group C organisms. Serotyping by the agar diffusion test apperars to be a useful tool for epidemiologic studies of disease caused by groups B and C N. meningitidis.
How Do Simple Positive Activities Increase Well-Being?:

Theory and research suggest that people can increase their happiness through simple intentional positive activities, such as expressing gratitude or practicing kindness. Investigators have recently begun to study the optimal conditions under which positive activities increase happiness and the mechanisms by which these effects work. According to our positive-activity model, features of positive activities (e.g., their dosage and variety), features of persons (e.g., their motivation and effort), and person-activity fit moderate the effect of positive activities on well-being. Furthermore, the model posits four mediating variables: positive emotions, positive thoughts, positive behaviors, and need satisfaction. Empirical evidence supporting the model and future directions are discussed.
Uniform Convergence for Approximate Traveling Waves in Linear Reaction–Diffusion–Hyperbolic Systems

In this paper we study linear reaction–hyperbolic systems of the form $$\varepsilon (\partial_t + v_i \partial_x) p_i = \sum_{j=0}^n k_{ij} p_j$$ , (i = 1, 2, ..., n) for x > 0, t > 0 coupled to a diffusion equation for p 0 = p 0(x, y, θ, t) with “near-equilibrium” initial and boundary data. This problem arises in a model of transport of neurofilaments in axons. The matrix (k ij ) is assumed to have a unique null vector $$(\lambda_0,\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_n)$$ with positive components summed to 1 and the v j are arbitrary velocities such that $$v \equiv \frac{1}{1-\lambda_0} \sum_{j=1}^n \lambda_j v_j > 0$$ . We prove that as $$\varepsilon \to 0$$ the solution converges to a traveling wave with velocity v and a spreading front, and that the convergence rate in the uniform norm is $$O(\varepsilon^{(1-\alpha)/2})$$ , for any small positive α.
The use of short-term tests and limited bioassays in carcinogenicity testing

Abstract A brief discussion is given of the use of short-term in vivo and in vitro tests in carcinogenicity testing. Data are presented on the performance of nine such tests and five limited bioassays, as measured in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive value. It is concluded that tests are available which, when used in combinations such as have been proposed by various authors, are capable of correctly identifying carcinogens and noncarcinogens with high confidence. A discussion of the statistics of batteries of tests is given. This is followed by a semiquantitative graphical representation and a discussion of how, on proceeding through a testing scheme such as that proposed by J. H. Weisburger and G. M. Williams (1981, Science 214 , 401–407), the cumulative cost and the probability of correctly identifying a carcinogen or a noncarcinogen change as results become available from each of the stages of such a testing scheme.
Hypercalcemia in Myxedema

ABSTRACT. Recently an adult patient with myxedema and hypercalcemia was observed to become normocalcemic when rendered euthyroid. This experience prompted a study of the effect of oral administration of calcium to hypothyroid patients and animals. Eleven patients with hypothyroidism, all of whom were normocalcemic, were given 30 ml of 40 % calcium chloride in fractional doses during 1 day. Hypercalcemia ensued in 8 of the patients to a degree that was more marked than in any control subject. Administration of calcium orally (20 mg of calcium and 20 uC of calcium45 per 100 g of body weight) to hypothyroid rats resulted in more marked hypercalcemia than occurred in normal rats. Furthermore, the relative specific activities of sera from hypothyroid rats was greater than in controls. Despite the latter finding, the relative specific activities of bones from hypothyroid and euthyroid animals were nearly identical, indicating a reduced calcium exchange and/or uptake by bone in the hypothyroid rats. These observ...
Issues in Data Management

Data management raises a number of issues, both regulatory and non-regulatory. Researchers should understand how data are defined by their particular institutions and regulatory authorities. Data are the bases of scientific communication and provide a strong defense against allegations of scientific misconduct. Authorization is often necessary before collection of data can commence. Proper handling, retention, and storage of data, especially that involving humans, are crucial for the researcher. Data ownership by the institution leads to a responsibility by the institution to educate all its researchers in responsible data management practices.
Including narcotic addiction treatment in an office-based practice.

THE REGULATION of narcotic medications used in narcotic addiction treatment is unique in medical therapeutics. Physicians who want to administer or dispense opioid drugs for either narcotic maintenance or detoxification treatment by federal law must first obtain an additional annual registration from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). This registration is separate from the registration familiar to physicians who prescribe other controlled medications. The additional registration is contingent on compliance both with the DEA's security regulations (inventory, record keeping, and physical security) as well as with annual certification from the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). DHHS certification is contingent on approval by individual state drug authorities and compliance with treatment regulations jointly promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Authority for this separate registration emanates from the Narcotic Addict Treatment Act (NATA) of 1974, 1 which was enacted to give
Digital simulation of the laser induced transient open circuit photovoltage at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface

Abstract The finite difference method is used to simulate digitally the transient laser-induced open circuit photovoltage at the semiconductor/solution interface. Factors influencing the response are characterized in the presence and absence of charge transfer. These factors include minority carrier lifetime, initial potential, intensity, donor density, and mobility. Electron-hole separation produces an initial rapid excursion towards the flatband condition. The subsequent relaxation is dominated by charge redistribution and recombination. Charge transfer also affects relaxation, resulting in a further increase in open-circuit photovoltage. The simulation results are in excellent agreement with experimental observations.
Two ideas due for the ragbag.

The thesis of this article is that, in spite of the modern advances in the ministerial/medical relationship, there are still widespread gaps that exist, stemming from two outmoded ideological stances held by many physicians, clergymen, and patients?ideologies that must be discarded by professionals in religion and medicine. The first outmoded ideological stance is the belief held by many patients and professional religionists (and more than a few physicians) that divine healing is a transcendent intervention/interruption of the "natural" process. So, when medical science has done all that it can do, pray for a miracle. The clergyman is an intercessor who may be able to spark a miracle. Healing, according to this ideological school, is doled out by divine whim, and human beings are at the mercy of a capricious or, at best, selectively benevolent deity. This ideological stance relegates the physician to the "natural" order of healing and the minis ter to the "supranatural" order. The poor patient is, so to speak, "caught be tween two worlds" and somewhat at the mercy of the specialists in both. The second outmoded ideological stance is the belief held by some patients and many "scientifically minded" physicians (as well as a few "men of the cloth") that the Divine Creator went into retirement shortly after the initial creation and delegated the total operation of the universe to the various specialists: the politician runs the political world, the scientist runs the world of the laboratory, etc., and the Divinity casually observes everything from a distance. According to this ideological stance, all life and death matters are in the hands of the man in the long, white coat, unto whom the keys to life and death have been entrusted. The clergyman is a prop in the background who may be summoned to comfort the bereaved when the brilliant and valiant efforts of the physician are overpowered by the irreversible events of the natural world; the clergyman may also be summoned to offer a prayer of thanksgiving to the isolated Deity and to rejoice in the medical genius of the Lord's representative-in-charge. This viewpoint, again, places the patient helplessly in the hands of another human being who alone holds his destiny. A third ideological position is the one that is shared by competent practition ers of religion, psychology, psychiatry, and medicine. This position recognizes the unity of man. Man is seen as a complex, multidimensional creature?a psychological-physiological-neurological-pneumatic-energetic whole. Every human dimension crosses, interacts, and affects every other dimension. Ac
Small-scale spatial variation of selenium concentrations in Chironomid larvae.

Selenium is an important contaminant of many freshwater wetlands receiving agricultural drainage water (Ohlendorf et al. 1986) or natural runoff from seleniferous soils (Maier and Knight 1994). One such wetland is the Benton Lake basin at Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge in central Montana. Selenium-contaminated water originating from agricultural drainage and selenium-containing natural runoff enters the refuge primarily by way of its main tributary. After entry into the lake, water moves through the diked wetland units as water flow is manipulated for management purposes within this closed basin (Nimick 1997). We have been monitoring selenium concentrations in aquatic invertebrates at Benton Lake since 1988. At least some samples of all invertebrate taxa collected exceeded the 5 μg/g selenium dry wt concentration which, in the diets of migratory birds, has been associated with embryo teratogenesis under some field and laboratory conditions (Skorupa and Ohlendorf 1991). Selenium concentrations were consistently higher in the sediment-dwelling larvae of the family Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) than in any other taxon sampled. Chironomids are an important food for many species of migratory birds breeding at Benton Lake (Bartonek and Hickey 1969, Sugden 1973).
Bloom filter based intrusion detection for smart grid SCADA

In this paper, we propose a distributed, light-weight and fast intrusion detection approach suitable for implementation across multiple resource constrained SCADA field devices in the smart grid. The predictable and regular nature of the SCADA communication patterns is exploited to detect intrusions in the field devices. The novel approach is anomaly-based, uses the Bloom filter data structure for memory efficiency and incorporates the physical state of the power system for greater robustness. The proposed method is tested using MODBUS protocol used for communication between a SCADA server and field devices in a SCADA system.
Antigen presentation is a function of all B cell subpopulations separated on the basis of size

Purified splenic B cells from nonimmune mice were separated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation into 6 subpopulations containing cells of discrete sizes ranging from 119 to 200 micron3. B cells of each subpopulation were competent to process and present a native globular protein antigen, cytochrome c, to a cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid. In all cases, the B cells' antigen-presenting function was radiation sensitive and did not require T cells or T cell products, since B cells fixed with paraformaldehyde effectively presented a carboxyl-terminal peptide fragment of cytochrome c containing the T cell determinant. Furthermore, the antigen-presenting function of B cells of each subpopulation was augmented by treatment with submitogenic doses of the F(ab')2 fragment of rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibodies, in that 10-30-fold fewer B cells were required and higher maximal T cell responses were achieved, indicating that B cells of all sizes are capable of being regulated in their antigen presentation function through their surface Ig. In addition, B cells of each subpopulation responded to soluble factors present in the supernatants of activated T cells as evidenced by an increase in volume and by the uptake of [3H]thymidine. These results indicate that B cells, regardless of size, are able to participate in at least two essential phases of T cell-dependent antibody responses, initiating the interaction by processing and presenting antigen to helper T cells and responding to soluble helper factors secreted by activated T cells.
Prevalence of usual‐corrected distance visual acuity impairment in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic children and adolescents

Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I were analysed to determine the prevalence of visual acuity impairment among US Hispanics and non-Hispanics aged 6-19 years. The prevalence of 20/30 or worse distance visual acuity with usual or habitual correction ranged from 10.8% in non-Hispanic whites to 19.1% in Puerto Ricans. Puerto Rican boys aged 13-19 years had significantly greater rates of moderate or greater impairment (20/70 or worse) than 6-12-year-old Puerto Rican boys (5.7% vs. 0.7%). The prevalence of visual impairment was generally greater in girls than in boys. Assessment and comparison of refractive error and eye disease prevalence rates are necessary in future studies to determine factors influencing prevalence of visual acuity impairment in children.
Neutrophil granules in health and disease

The granules of the neutrophil, in addition to contributing to its distinctive morphologic appearance, are critical to its unique functions. Specific granules appear necessary for neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation, for upregulation of receptors important in the control of chemotaxis and the respiratory burst, for disaggregation, for bactericidal activity, and for chemoattractant generation. The azurophilic granules supply enzymes for digestive and bactericidal functions and supply MPO to the MPO-halide-hydrogen peroxide bactericidal system. Azurophilic granule contents also regulate inflammation by degrading inflammatory products. Both granules may play a role in intracellular calcium regulation. In addition to these activities that protect the host from infection, granules also, under certain circumstances, contribute to disease processes. For these reasons, greater knowledge about granule contents, control of degranulation, inactivation of toxic granule contents and products, and the role of granules in neutrophil membrane events and function has widespread implications for treatment of patients with neutrophil dysfunction syndromes and patients with multiple other systemic diseases.
The structures of the tetraamminecopper(II)dihalocuprates(I) I. The structure of Cu(NH3)4(CuI2)2

Abstract The structure of Cu(NH3)4(CuI2)2 was determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The dark green crystals are triclinic with space group P 1 and have a unit cell with a = 7·386, b = 9·985, c = 6·931 A, α = 102·58°, β = 81·85°, and γ = 133·52°; (Z = 1). The structure was solved from a Patterson projection, Fourier and difference-Fourier analysis, and refined by block-diagonal least-squares. Each copper(II) ion lies in the plane of four nitrogen atoms. The copper(I) ions are tetrahedrally coordinated to four iodide ions. The tetrahedra are joined on edges and extended as infinite chains along the c axis. Two iodide ions from the chains are nearly perpendicular to the tetraaminecopper(II) plane and interact with copper(II) at 3·17 A.
Congenital Cystic Lesions of the Bronchi and Lungs

Abstract A consecutive series of 18 patients with bronchogenic or congenital lung cysts confirmed by operation or postmortem examination is reviewed. Thirteen patients had bronchogenic cyst, and 6 of them were symptomatic: 4 patients had acute or chronic infections and 2 had respiratory distress with hyperinflation of one lung. All 5 patients with congenital lung cyst had symptoms of chronic or repeated respiratory infections. Seventeen patients had operations for removal of their cyst; complications occurred in 6 patients, and there was 1 operative death. One patient died of acute respiratory insufficiency without having had an operation. The need for prompt recognition and immediate excision of bronchial cysts that are compressing a bronchus and causing respiratory distress is emphasized. The results of operation are reviewed. Removal of cysts, even when asymptomatic, is recommended.