cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular staging of lung and esophageal cancer

In both esophageal and NSCLC, the TNM stage at diagnosis remains the most important determinant of survival. Significant research to investigate the biology of NSCLC and esophageal carcinoma is ongoing, and the roles of proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, angiogenic factors, extracellular matrix proteases, and adhesion molecules are being elucidated. While evidence is accumulating that various markers are involved in NSCLC and esophageal tumor virulence, the current studies are compromised by small sample sizes, heterogeneous populations, and variations in techniques. Large prospective studies with homogenous groups designed to evaluate the role of these various markers should clarify their potential involvement in NSCLC and esophageal cancer. Identification of occult micrometastases in lymph nodes and bone marrow using immunohistochemical techniques and rt-PCR is intriguing. These techniques are promising as a method to more accurately stage patients, and therefore to predict outcomes and to determine therapies. Perhaps the most promising area of research is the development of novel drugs whose mechanism of action targets the pathways of various molecular markers. Molecular biologic substaging offers an opportunity to individualize a chemotherapeutic regimen based on the molecular profile of the tumor, thus providing the potential for improved outcomes with less morbidity in patients with both NSCLC and esophageal cancer.
A solution to the stochastic unit commitment problem using chance constrained programming

Summary form only given. The paper develops a solution method for scheduling units of a power-generating system to produce electricity by taking into consideration the stochasticity of the hourly load and its correlation structure. The unit commitment problem is initially formulated as a chance-constrained optimization problem in which we require that the load be met with a specified high probability over the entire time horizon. The solution procedure consists of solving a sequence of deterministic versions of the unit commitment problem that converge to the solution of the chance constrained program. For the deterministic unit commitment problems, Lagrangian relaxation is used to separate the dual problem into its subproblems. Each subproblem is solved by a dynamic program. The initial results indicate that accounting for the correlation structure of the hourly loads reduces the value of the objective function when the optimization problem is formulated as a chance constrained program. Monte Carlo simulation is used to verify the accuracy of the solution provided by the algorithm. The relationship that the unit commitment solution found using the chance constrained optimization approach has with that found using conventional optimization spinning reserves is discussed.
Complexity Analysis of Scheduling in CAOS-Based Synthesis

Scheduling, allocation and binding are three important phases of a CDFG-based synthesis process. These phases are interdependent and can be performed in different orders depending on the design flow. In some cases, two or more phases can also be performed simultaneously. Such simultaneous execution of these phases during a synthesis process will result in a solution which is globally optimal. However, the problem of performing the three phases simultaneously is NP-hard. For this reason, most CDFG-based synthesis flows perform these phases separately in order to increase the possibility of finding optimal polynomial time algorithms for each phase.
Tunneling: The major issue in ultra-scaled MOSFETs

As transistors scale below 10 nm, the numbers of atoms and electrons are countable in the critical device areas. At this scale, quantum mechanical phenomena start playing an important role in the performance of the transistors. One of the major quantum mechanical effects is tunneling; i.e. tunneling between the gate and channel due to the reduction of physical oxide layer thickness and direct tunneling between the source and drain due to scaling down of channel length. This paper discusses these tunneling issues on performance of ultra-scaled transistors based on rigorous atomistic simulations and provides some solutions for scaling based on a quantitative analysis.
Applying the Performance Partnership Model to Smoking Cessation: Lessons Learned by the Smoking Cessation Leadership Center

A wide array of partners can be convened around a single measurable outcome, such as driving down smoking prevalence, through the use of an innovative approach called the performance partnership model. This approach has certain key characteristics that make it different from ordinary coalition building, such as following four steps leading to a baseline, a target, an action plan, and an impact measurement plan. It also employs great speed and focus to keep partners engaged, and it has led to demonstrable progress on smoking cessation nationwide.
Modern Management of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Currently available treatment methods, albeit improved, remain less than totally satisfactory. New developments such as improved viability of whole organ pancreatic transplants, islet cell transplantation, immunosuppression in the treatment of new-onset diabetes, development of reliable glucose sensors to provide continuous feedback for insulin delivery devices, and alternate routes for insulin administration may drastically change diabetes treatment in the future. For now, physicians must carefully consider the risks and benefits associated with available treatments when discussing therapeutic options with patients and their families. The wide range of therapies available provides the opportunity for patient and physician to select the most appropriate treatment regimen.
Surveillance Report Of Influenza In Hefei From 2009 To 2011

Objective To understand the prevalence status and the virus-types of influenza in Hefei from 2009 to 2011,analyze its prevalent trend,and provide scientific evidence for the disease control and prevention.Methods Surveillance data of Influenza-like illness(ILI) in sentinel hospitals were weekly statistically analyzed.Nose and throat swab specimens of ILI were collected and tested for influenza virus nucleic acid by Fluorescent PCR.Results In 2009,the whole period from September to December was the peak of influenza activity.But in 2010 and in 2011,the incidence of influenza showed a typical bimodal distribution,and the first peak occurred in summer and autumn,the second peak occurred in the winter.The dominant virus changed through time,they were seasonal H1N1 influenza virus from June to August,2009,new H1N1 influenza virus from September to December,2009,Influenza B virus from January to March,2010,seasonal H3N2 influenza virus from August to October,2010,new H1N1 influenza virus from January,2011 respectively.In the two monitoring cycles from 2009 to 2011,ILI accounted for 6.81% and 2.16% respectively,and the positive rate of Influenza virus nucleic acid was 51.34% and 10.18% respectively.Conclusion The influenza epidemic peak was appeared in Hefei in 2009——-2011,for pathogens including seasonal H3N2 influenza virus,H1N1 influenza virus,new H1N1 influenza virus and influenza B virus.The surveillance of Influenza should be enhanced to prevent and control the epidemic of influenza.
Solutions to Max-Cut Problem Using Five Different Intelligent Algorithms

The Max-cut Problem is a typical and NP complete Combinatorial Optimization Problem,which has been widely researched for many years.In this paper,five different intelligent algorithms,including GA(Genetic Algorithm),EDA(Estimation of Distribution Algorithm),HNN(Hopfield Neural Network),ACO(Ant Colony Optimization) and PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) were applied on the topic.Based on large amount of comparable analysis,a conclusion was drawn that all the proposed algorithms could work the problem out successfully,although there existed differences both in temporal and spatial efficiencies.
Out with the Old: An Argument for Restyling Archaic 'Sacred Phrases' Retained in the Proposed Amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence

On August 11, 2009, the Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure of the Judicial Conference of the United States released its Preliminary Draft of Proposed Style Revision of the Federal Rules of Evidence for public comment. The public comment period ended on February 16, 2010. If the Advisory Committee on Evidence Rules fails to revise it in light of public comment, this draft could be enacted as early as December 1, 2011. This project to amend the Federal Rules of Evidence is the final stage in the Standing Committee’s effort to comprehensively restyle all federal rules, including the Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Rules of Criminal Procedure, and the Rules of Civil Procedure. The goal of this restyling project, like that of the preceding projects, is to amend the Federal Rules of Evidence (the “Rules”) to make them more easily understood and to achieve consistency in style and terminology. In keeping with those goals while drafting these proposed amendments, the Advisory Committee endeavored to avoid any restyling that would result in a substantive change in the application of any rule. One type of alteration that the Advisory Committee deemed “substantive” was any amendment to a “sacred phrase.” The Committee defined “sacred phrase” to mean any phrase that has “become so familiar in practice that to alter [it] would be unduly disruptive.” The Committee sought to avoid any style improvements changing a “sacred phrase.” The proposed amendments to the Rules do indeed retain certain archaic and often unclear language; it is likely that these phrases remain because the Advisory Committee deemed them “sacred.” The proposed amendments, however, also leave several other clauses “familiar in practice” on the cutting room floor. The Committee provided no standard by which it measured the “familiarity” of a particular phrase or the level at which a “disruption” became “undue.” Even a comparison of those phrases which the Committee amended and those which it retained leaves one no more able to discern any rationale or pattern explaining why the Committee deemed some phrases “sacred” and others something less than sacred. The Committee’s classification of phrases as “sacred” was arbitrary. The proposed restyled language of these not-so-sacred phrases is, nonetheless, an improvement over the existing Rules. They are more easily understood, they achieve consistency of terminology, and they more accurately reflect historic interpretations of the Rules. Meanwhile, the archaic, confusing, and inconsistent language of the sacred phrases remains unimproved despite the restyling effort. Because the proposed amended Rules preserve the archaic, unclear, and inconsistent language of those phrases the Advisory Committee arbitrarily deemed “sacred,” it should not retain any phrase as “sacred.” It should, instead, retain only those phrases that are easily understood, accurately reflect judicial application of the Rules, are consistent in terminology, and which cannot otherwise be improved.
Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger of rat proximal tubule: gene expression and subcellular localization.

The activity of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, a membrane transporter that mediates Ca2+ efflux, has been described in amphibian and mammalian renal proximal tubules. However, demonstration of cell-spec...
Reason’s Changing Needs: From Kant to Reinhold

What are the needs and interests of reason? How do those of practical reason relate to those of theoretical reason, and how do reason’s universal needs and interests relate to the general needs of humanity and the specific needs and interests of philosophy? These are the questions examined in this paper, beginning with a discussion of Kant’s account of reason’s unchanging needs and interests. Reinhold’s major contribution to this discussion and most important advance on Kant’s position is his defense of a thoroughly historical conception of the “interests” or “needs” of reason as changing over time and in different circumstances.
Hospitalizations and deaths within 60 days of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy initiation among Medicare patients with colorectal cancer.

3603Background: Fluoropyrimidine (FP) drugs are the basis of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). FP chemotherapy carries risk for severe toxicity and death, however the incidence of these com...
Simultaneous measurement of magnetic and density fluctuations via cross-polarization scattering and Doppler backscattering on the DIII-D tokamak.

An upgraded cross-polarization scattering (CPS) system for the simultaneous measurement of internal magnetic fluctuations B and density fluctuations n is presented. The system has eight radial quadrature channels acquired simultaneously with an eight-channel Doppler backscattering system (measures density fluctuations n and flows). 3-D ray tracing calculations based on the GENRAY ray tracing code are used to illustrate the scattering and geometric considerations involved in the CPS implementation on DIII-D. A unique quasi-optical design and IF electronics system allow direct comparison of B and n during dynamic or transient plasma events (e.g., Edge Localized Modes or ELMs, L to H-mode transitions, etc.). The system design allows the interesting possibility of both magnetic-density (B-n) fluctuation and magnetic-temperature (B-T) fluctuation cross-phase measurements suitable for detailed tests of turbulence simulations.
Therapy Related Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with the Hyper-CVAD Regimen.

Secondary malignancies including myeloid neoplasms occur infrequently in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This has been well documented in the pediatric population but not for the adult patients. We have reviewed retrospectively 641 patients with de novo ALL, treated with the hyper-CVAD regimen or its variants, at M D Anderson Cancer Center from 1992 to 2007. Fourteen patients (2.18%, 7 female, 7 male) developed secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Six patients had AML and 8 MDS. Median age at the time of ALL diagnosis was 52 years (range, 23 – 66). Cytogenetics at ALL diagnosis was diploid in 10, pseudo-diploid with −2 in 1, t(9;22) in 1, and unavailable in 2 patients. Frontline therapy included hyper-CVAD in 7, hyper-CVAD with rituximab in 6, and hyper-CVAD with imatinib in 1 patient. Karyotype at the time of AML/MDS diagnosis was −5, −7 in 8 patients, diploid in 1, miscellaneous in 1, inv(11) in 1, t(4;11) in 1, and unavailable in 2. Secondary AML/MDS developed at a median of 31 months (range, 11 – 74) after the start of ALL therapy. Treatment for the secondary AML and MDS was varied and included cytarabine plus anthracycline based regimens for AML and high risk MDS. One patient with MDS received arsenic trioxide, 1 clofarabine, and 1 decitabine. The response rate to treatment for AML/MDS was complete remission (CR) in 2, partial remission in 6 and no response in 6 patients. Five patients (all MDS) underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant and all but one died at a median of 3 months (range, 0.5 – 11) after the transplant. One patient is alive and in CR 14 months after a haplo-identical sibling transplant; 2 other patients are alive 3.5 and 4 months after the diagnosis of MDS. The median overall survival after the diagnosis of secondary AML and MDS is 8.3 months (range 3.5+ to 18.5+). We conclude that secondary AML and MDS occur infrequently (2.18%) in adult patients with de novo ALL treated with the hyper-CVAD regimens and response to their subsequent therapy is poor.
Associations between unhealthy dieting behaviors and tobacco use among adolescents

Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for unhealthy dieting behaviors (UDBs) in youth. The role of alternative tobacco products and UDB engagement has yet to be examined empirically despite concerning trends in use. This study aimed to examine UDB prevalence in a U.S. geographic region-specific adolescent sample and associations with a variety of tobacco use behaviors and perceptions. Weighted data from the 2013 Virginia Youth Survey were analyzed (n = 6903). UDBs assessed included past 30-day fasting, diet pill use, and vomiting/laxative use. Tobacco-related items were ever and past 30-day cigarette smoking, past 30-day smokeless tobacco and cigar use, and the perception that smokers have more friends. UDB prevalence was recoded by the number of behaviors endorsed (0, 1, and 2+). Bivariate and multinomial regression models were used to examine associations between covariates and number of UDBs endorsed by gender. Overall, nearly 16% engaged in at least one UDB. Fasting was most prevalent (14.2%) followed by vomiting/laxative (7.0%) and diet pill use (6.1%). Across gender, ever cigarette smoking, past 30-day cigar use, and the perception that smokers have more friends were positively associated with UDB engagement in relative isolation as well as in combination. Findings highlight the importance of tobacco-related factors for weight control behaviors and are the first to identify an association between UDB incidence and an alternative tobacco product, cigars. This work should inform prevention efforts for tobacco use and UDBs and underscores the need to address the use of any tobacco for weight control.
Update on disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It predominantly affects young women and is one of the most common causes of disability in young adults. MS is characterized by formation of white matter lesions in the CNS as a result of inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. Treatment has been a focus of neurological research for over 60 years. A number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have become available making MS a treatable disease. These compounds target the inflammatory response in MS. They work by decreasing the chances of relapse, decreasing the chances of new lesion formation seen on MRI of the CNS and slowing the accumulation of disability. The first drugs for MS to be available were interferon-β and glatiramer acetate. These work by modulating the inflammatory response via different mechanisms that are briefly discussed. Newer agents have since become available and have significantly changed the dynamics of MS treatment. These include fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide, which are oral agents. Other second-line and third-line Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications include natalizumab and alemtuzumab. Natalizumab is considered one of the most potent treatments for relapse prevention. However, the high risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is caused by JC virus infection in the brain, tempers the more widespread use of this agent; nevertheless, JC virus antibody tests have helped to stratify the risk of PML. Alemtuzumab, which also has a considerable side effect profile, is likewise highly efficacious. Ocrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody to CD20 on B cells, is a highly effective agent for MS that is likely to be approved soon by the FDA. MS is a major contributor to healthcare costs and it is critical that healthcare providers be aware of the availability and benefits of DMTs. It is imperative that prompt and adequate treatment be established on diagnosis. Changes in therapy should be considered when there is evidence of disease activity as well as accumulation of disability or safety or tolerability concerns.
Role of PAI-1 in Pediatric Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Purpose of Review The purpose of this study is to review the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in pediatric obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Hezbollah’s War of Position: The Arab–Islamic Revolutionary Praxis

The May 2000 victory of Hezbollah over Israel, and the liberation of southern Lebanon, proposed and advanced a new and hitherto successful grand Arab liberation strategy. Inspired by this victory, ...
Semantic Reasoning in Young Programmers

Reading, tracing, and explaining the behavior of code are strongly correlated with the ability to write code effectively. To investigate program understanding in young children, we introduced two groups of third graders to Microsoft's Kodu Game Lab; the second group was also given four semantic "Laws of Kodu" to better scaffold their reasoning and discourage some common misconceptions. Explicitly teaching semantics proved helpful with one type of misconception but not with others. During each session, students were asked to predict the behavior of short Kodu programs. We found different styles of student reasoning (analytical and analogical) that may correspond to distinct neo-Piagetian stages of development as described by Teague and Lister (2014). Kodu reasoning problems appear to be a promising tool for assessing computational thinking in young programmers.
"Trying to Be Accepted": Exploring Foreign-Born Immigrants' Interactions with Faculty and Practitioners.

This multi-institutional qualitative study included an examination of foreign-born, undergraduate, immigrant college students’ interactions with faculty members and student affairs professionals. Individual interviews with 103 immigrant students—representing over 40 countries—were collected across three U.S.-based institutions. Using Bronfenbrenner as a guiding framework and Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory, three main theoretical categories that impact students’ sense of belonging emerged: navigating the system, encountering injustices, and seeking validating relationships. Implications for student affairs practice are highlighted.
Olfactory receptor neurons use gain control and complementary kinetics to encode intermittent odorant stimuli

Insects follow odor trails carried by the wind to find mates and sources of food. The turbulent motion of the air means that these odors tend to arrive in whiffs with varying intensities and durations, which makes it difficult to distinguish them. Insects use sensory cells called olfactory receptor neurons on their antenna to process odors. Specialized receptor proteins on the surface of these olfactory receptor neurons detect odor molecules and set off a cascade of events in these cells that ends with a signal being sent to the brain. Much is known about how insects detect and process different kinds of smells, but it remains less clear how their olfactory neurons process the timing and intensity of odor whiffs. Now, Gorur-Shandilya et al. report what happens in the olfactory receptor neurons of fruit flies when they have to compensate for variations in the duration and intensity of odor whiffs. In the experiments, fruit flies were exposed to two sweet-smelling odors. To do so, Gorur-Shandilya et al. built an apparatus that enabled them to control the airflow with enough precision that they could simulate the variability in the timing and intensity of natural odors in the air. The response of the flies’ olfactory receptor neurons to these smells was recorded. The experiments showed that the neurons could adapt to both the average intensity and the variance in intensity of odor signals. The ability of these neurons to adapt to the average intensity of the odors followed a specific pattern, which is also seen in sensory cells responsible for vision and touch. Adapting to the average strength of an odor slows down the first of two steps in its processing. However, the second step has a complementary mechanism to speed up signals to the brain, so the timing of an odor whiff is accurately captured regardless of how strong it is. Based on these results, Gorur-Shandilya et al. created a biophysical model that could reproduce the experimental data, including the slowdown in the first step. The experiments and the model may now help other scientists to investigate how different animals detect and process smells. For example, some insects are pests of agricultural crops, while other insects, such as mosquitos, spread diseases between people. A better understanding of how insects detect odors may help scientists to find ways to interfere with these processes to protect food crops and reduce the spread of tropical diseases.
Nine-Month Visit

Li-Ling is a round-faced 9-month-old brought to the pediatric clinic by her grandmother, Mrs. Chang, for her monthly checkup. Her birth weight was 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) and birth length was 45 cm (18 in.), putting her in the third percentile at birth; her head circumference at birth was 32 cm (12.8 in.), also third percentile. Li-Ling now weighs 6.8 kg (14.7 lb), her height is 64.8 cm (25.9 in.), and her head circumference is 41.6 cm (16.2 in.). Grandma is concerned about Li-Ling’s weight when she is told that the child is in the third percentile. Li-Ling is still breastfed at night but takes a bottle during the day while her mother works. Mrs. Chang describes how Li-Ling crawls all over the place, pulling herself up to stand. She pulls down items on low tables and grabs at tablecloths. Li-Ling has difficulty separating from her mother and cries when her mother goes to work. Her mother gives her a set of toy keys when she leaves each day. Li-Ling also has a favorite stuffed bear. Li-Ling also expresses fear when new people talk to her. She is eating finger foods like rice cakes, tofu, beans, cereals like oat cheerios, cornflakes, steamed corn, cut-up fruit like bananas, and strawberries, and cooked fruit like apples, pears, peaches, or apricots. Li-Ling still takes two naps but the nap in the afternoon is shorter. The grandmother sings a particular song to Li-Ling before nap and bedtime. Li-Ling is combining sounds, waves bye-bye to visitors, and loves to play peekaboo. She says dada and mama to everyone and responds to her name. She looks for hidden objects. The grandmother is concerned about babyproofing. There are many wires and cords on the floor in the apartment.
Seek and Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder. It affects 9% to 25% of the North American population ([1–4][1]). Intermittent cessation of breathing during sleep caused by occlusion of the upper airway followed by arousals from sleep defines OSA. The prevalence of OSA is even
Across the Continuum: How Inpatient Palliative Care Consultations Are Reported in Hospital Discharge Summaries

Abstract Background: Inpatient Palliative Care (PC) consultations help develop a patient-centered and quality-of-life-focused plan of care for patients with serious illness. Discharge summaries (DSs) are an essential tool to maintain continuity of these care plans across multiple locations and providers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of selected DSs of patients who received inpatient PC consultations at the University of Kansas Hospital from July 2011 to May 2015. The study included patients 18 years or older, patients who were discharged alive, and patients who were not discharged with hospice care. Code words and their related phrases, developed by an expert panel of geriatric medicine and palliative medicine physicians, were used to evaluate the DSs. They were categorized into PC, symptom management, hospice and palliative home health, decision making, and plan of care. We also identified whether there was communication between the primary team and PC team, as well as family meetin...
Financial Toxicity among Patients with Bladder Cancer: Reasons for Delay in Care and Effect on Quality of Life

Purpose: Costly surveillance and treatment of bladder cancer can lead to financial toxicity, a treatment related financial burden. Our objective was to define the prevalence of financial toxicity among patients with bladder cancer and identify delays in care and its effect on health related quality of life.Materials and Methods: We identified patients with bladder cancer in the University of North Carolina Health Registry/Cancer Survivorship Cohort. Financial toxicity was defined as agreement with having “to pay more for medical care than you can afford.” Health related quality of life was measured using general and cancer specific validated questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using the Fisher exact test and the Student t-test.Results: A total of 138 patients with bladder cancer were evaluated. Median age was 66.9 years, 75% of the patients were male and 89% were white. Of the participants 33 (24%) endorsed financial toxicity. Participants who were younger (p = 0.02), black (p = 0.01), rep...
Evaluating Interactive Data Systems: Workloads, Metrics, and Guidelines

Highly interactive query interfaces have become a popular tool for ad-hoc data analysis and exploration, posing a new kind of workload to the underlying data infrastructure. Compared with traditional systems that are optimized for throughput or batched performance, ad-hoc and interactive data exploration systems focus more on user-centric interactivity, which raises a new class of performance challenges. Further, with the advent of new interaction devices~(e.g., touch, gesture) and different query interface paradigms~(e.g., sliders), maintaining interactive performance becomes even more challenging. Thus, when building interactive data systems, there is a clear need to articulate the design space. In this tutorial, we will describe unique characteristics of interactive workloads for a variety of user input devices and query interfaces. We will catalog popular metrics based on an extensive survey of current literature. Through two case studies, we will not only walk through previously defined metrics using real-world user traces but also highlight where these defined metrics are inadequate. Further, we will introduce some new metrics that are required to capture a complete picture of interactivity. In each case study, we also demonstrate how the behavior analyses on users' trace and performance experiments can provide guidelines to help researchers and developers design better interactive data systems.
Analyses across Experimental Studies

Chapters 2 through 4 have described in considerable detail the experimental studies we conducted to investigate factors related to victims’ decisions to report or not to report a crime to the police and their abilities as eyewitnesses to recall information about the thief and to recognize him in a lineup. In this chapter, we combine data from across Studies 1–6 in order to better understand factors affecting and affected by the reporting decision.
Detection of Glucose-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency by a Screening Procedure

A method for rapid detection of red cell glucose-phosphate isomerase deficiency is described. The procedure is based on the appearance of fluorescence, caused by TPNH, that is generated in the linked glucose-phosphate isomerase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction.
The presbycardia phenotype: Cardiac remodeling and valvular degeneration in nonagenarians.

BACKGROUND Nonagenarians (NON) are a growing segment of the population and have a high prevalence of cardiac disease. Many findings encountered on their echocardiograms are also found in younger individuals with valvular or myocardial disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe this distinct echocardiographic phenotype. METHODS We identified our study population by querying our echo database to identify unique septuagenarians (SEPT) and nonagenarians (NON) who underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014. Exclusion criteria were LVEF < 50%, any akinetic wall segment, aortic stenosis, moderate-severe AR and/or severe MR, coronary revascularization within 60 days of study echo, and prior valve surgery. RESULTS The mean age of SEPT was 73.0 ± 2.0 and NON was 92.0 ± 2.1 (P < 0.001). There was no gender difference between groups. NON had significantly smaller LV end-diastolic diameters than SEPT (41.6 ± 5.7 mm vs 48.0 ± 7.0 mm, P < 0.001). NON had a greater relative wall thickness (0.51 ± 0.10 vs 0.40 ± 0.08, P < 0.001) and more frequently had concentric remodeling or hypertrophy. NON had higher E/Ea ratios and estimated LA pressures (P < 0.01). 48% of NON had moderate-severe mitral annular calcification compared to 25.0% of SEPT (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Herein, we provide the first comprehensive echocardiographic description of 'presbycardia'; concentric LVH, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, mitral and aortic valve calcification, and increased epicardial fat thickness. This pattern of findings may be increasingly seen as the population ages.
Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems

These proceedings contain the papers from the 24th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2016), held in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA, October 31 through November 3, 2016. The conference started as a series of symposia and workshops back in 1993 with the aim of promoting interdisciplinary discussions among researchers, developers, users, and practitioners and fostering research in all aspects of geographic information systems, especially in relation to novel systems based on geospatial data and knowledge. It provides a forum for original research contributions covering all conceptual, design, and implementation aspects of geospatial data ranging from applications, user interfaces and visualization, to data storage, query processing, indexing and data mining. The conference is the premier annual event of the ACM Special Interest Group on Spatial Information (ACM SIGSPATIAL).
Paradise Wild Fire: You Cannot Blame It All On Climate Change, Home Survival, Defensive Space and Self-fulfilling Prophesy

This paper discusses several issues in forest and wildland management that have become a paradigm with references from the popular press regarding forest and wildland fire. A number of ideological conceptions of the world construct perceptions and undermine efforts to reduce or control wild fires. These conceptions presuppose events in a “natural world” that is really a human control and limited space. Many of these conceptions structure how human activities are planned in “natural” or “wild” areas as suburban sprawl continues. These conceptions also structure how fires are perceived to originate and spread defeating fire fighting and planning for fire control. This paper shows how these activities actually promote fire and are creating conditions for more expensive and intense fires. One of the central ideas to today’s seasonal wild fires is that they have resulted from years of fire suppression and a build up of biomass. This is contradicted by pollen analysis, fire regimes and the concentration of the most extensive fires in the past 20 years after fire management philosophies had changed to allow for periodic control burns. A human “fire adapted” ecosystem has been created and is being spread and complicated by planning and fire suppression activities. Fire suppression history and its relation to wildfire, defensive space and prescribed burns have become concepts entrenched in the public mind. Whether scientific evidence supports these beliefs and what consequences result are reviewed. Evidence is presented concerning bias in firefighters choice of homes to defend that may skew data on home survival.
Integrating machine-generated mortality estimates and behavioral nudges to promote serious illness conversations for cancer patients: Design and methods for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Introduction Patients with cancer often receive care that is not aligned with their personal values and goals. Serious illness conversations (SICs) between clinicians and patients can help increase a patient's understanding of their prognosis, goals and values. Methods and analysis In this study, we describe the design of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial to evaluate the impact of an intervention that employs machine learning-based prognostic algorithms and behavioral nudges to prompt oncologists to have SICs with patients at high risk of short-term mortality. Data are collected on documented SICs, documented advance care planning discussions, and end-of-life care utilization (emergency room and inpatient admissions, chemotherapy and hospice utilization) for patients of all enrolled clinicians. Conclusion This trial represents a novel application of machine-generated mortality predictions combined with behavioral nudges in the routine care of outpatients with cancer. Findings from the trial may inform strategies to encourage early serious illness conversations and the application of mortality risk predictions in clinical settings. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03984773
Searching for Our LGBTQ+ Predecessors in Chicago Schools during the Progressive Era.

Despite many historiographical challenges, in this article I briefly examine two significant school leaders from over a century ago whose lives may seem recognizable to contemporary LGBTQ+ educator...
Rare-Event Time Series Prediction: A Case Study of Solar Flare Forecasting

We present a case study for time series prediction models in extreme class-imbalance problems. We have extracted multiple properties from the Space Weather ANalytics for Solar Flares (SWAN-SF) benchmark dataset which comprises of magnetic features from over 4075 active regions over a period of 9 years to create the forecasting dataset used in this study. In the extracted dataset, the class-imbalance ratio is 1:60, where the minority class is formed by instances of strong solar flares (GOES M-and X-class). This ratio reaches to 1:800 if we only consider the strongest class of flares (GOES X-class). This case of extreme imbalance, along with the temporal coherence of the sliced time series, provides us with an interesting set of challenges in the forecasting of scarce real-life phenomena. We have explored remedies to tackle the class-imbalance issue such as undersampling, oversampling and misclassification weights. In the process, we elaborate on common mistakes and pitfalls caused by ignoring the side effects of these remedies, including how and why they weaken the robustness of the trained models while seemingly improving the performance.
Nonparametric Feature Impact and Importance

Practitioners use feature importance to rank and eliminate weak predictors during model development in an effort to simplify models and improve generality. Unfortunately, they also routinely conflate such feature importance measures with feature impact, the isolated effect of an explanatory variable on the response variable. This can lead to real-world consequences when importance is inappropriately interpreted as impact for business or medical insight purposes. The dominant approach for computing importances is through interrogation of a fitted model, which works well for feature selection, but gives distorted measures of feature impact. The same method applied to the same data set can yield different feature importances, depending on the model, leading us to conclude that impact should be computed directly from the data. While there are nonparametric feature selection algorithms, they typically provide feature rankings, rather than measures of impact or importance. They also typically focus on single-variable associations with the response. In this paper, we give mathematical definitions of feature impact and importance, derived from partial dependence curves, that operate directly on the data. To assess quality, we show that features ranked by these definitions are competitive with existing feature selection techniques using three real data sets for predictive tasks.
Modeling Spatial Attractiveness to Wine Tourism in North Carolina, U.S.A.

Wine tourism in North Carolina (NC) has substantially grown, and it is critical to capture the underlying factors that influence individual decisions to visit wine regions, ultimately informing marketing strategies and tourism product development. We conduct surveys at NC wineries to identify factors that may influence attractiveness and barriers to participating in wine tourism activities. The quality of customer service, wine, and scenery was contributing factors. Discounts and special events were deemed considerably more important to first-time visitors, whereas repeat visitors placed more value on customer service and wine quality. Visitors from urban areas were influenced by travel time. This information is used in several gravity model scenarios, reflecting the interactions of wine tourists with wine regions and suggests subtle differences for wineries located in rural areas and those in close vicinity to an urban center. The results contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of NC wine tourism.
The social question in neoliberal times

The paper examines the origins of the idea of “the social question” in the nineteenth century, the rise of the welfare state, the challenge of neoliberalism, and the new transnationalized social qu...
Impacts of the San Francisco Bay Area shelter-in-place during the COVID-19 pandemic on urban heat fluxes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to make quantitative connections between changes in social and economic activities in northern California urban areas and related Earth system environmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We tested the hypothesis that the absence of worker activities during Shelter-in-Place in the San Francisco Bay Area detectably altered the infrared heat flux from parking lots, highways, and large building rooftops, caused primarily by quantitative changes in the reflective properties in these different classes of urban surfaces. The Landsat satellite's thermal infrared (TIR) sensor imagery for surface temperature (ST) was quantified for all the large urban features in the Bay Area that have flat (impervious) surfaces, such parking lots, wide roadways, and rooftops. These large impervious surface features in the five-county Bay Area were first delineated and classified using sub-meter aerial imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). We then compared Landsat ST data acquired on (or near) the same dates from the three previous years (2017–2019) for all these contiguous impervious surfaces. Results showed that all the large parking lots, roadway corridors, and industrial/commercial rooftops across the entire Bay Area urban landscape were detected by Landsat ST time series as significantly cooler (by 5o C to 8o C) during the unprecedented Shelter-in-Place period of mid-March to late-May of 2020, compared to same months of the three previous years. The explanation for this region-wide cooling pattern in 2020 that was best supported by both remote sensing and ground-based data sets was that relatively low atmospheric aerosol lower (PM2.5) concentrations from mid-March to late May of 2020 resulted in weaker temperature inversions over the Bay Area, higher diurnal surface mixing, and lowered urban surface temperatures, compared to the three previous years.
The Corrosion Division

The Corrosion Division was established on April 15, 1942 to organize and promote formal and informal discussions associated with the behavior of materials in such environments that cause corrosion, oxidation, and related surface reactions.
Changes in foods selected and consumed after implementation of the new National School Lunch Program meal patterns in southeast Texas

Objective We compared elementary students' school lunches selected and consumed before (Spring, 2011) and after (Spring, 2013) implementation of the new National School Lunch Program meal patterns in the fall of 2012.
Basic Spanish for Teachers (2nd ed.). by Ana C. Jarvis and Raquel Lebredo

Basic Spanish for Teachers is a manual for professional educators who seek to develop a sufficient level of proficiency in Spanish to communicate with Spanish-speaking students and their families. ...
The Effects of Corrective Advertising on Company and FTC Images

This article assesses the impact of corrective advertising on consumer images of the company involved and the FTC. A specially prepared FTC-source corrective ad was found to have a negative impact on company image while improving the image of the FTC. A company-source ad, however, improved company image without affecting FTC image.
Learning by Analogy: Formulating and Generalizing Plans from Past Experience

Analogical reasoning is a powerful mechanism for exploiting past experience in planning and problem solving. This chapter outlines a theory of analogical problem solving based on an extension to means-ends analysis. An analogical transformation process is developed to extract knowledge from past successful problem-solving situations that bear a strong similarity to the current problem. Then, the investigation focuses on exploiting and extending the analogical reasoning model to generate useful exemplary solutions to related problems from which more general plans can be induced and refined. Starting with a general analogical inference engine, problem-solving experience is, in essence, compiled incrementally into effective procedures that solve various classes of problems in an increasingly reliable and direct manner.
CATCH Court: A Novel Approach to “Treatment as Alternative to Incarceration” for Women Engaged in Prostitution and Substance Abuse

Judge Paul Herbert asks each woman on the day's docket: “How long have you been clean today?” “238 days, Sir.” Applause. “That's great! Everyone here is proud of you,” he responds. “186 days, Your ...
Survival and prognostic indicators for cycad intoxication in dogs.

Background: Cycad palms are commonly used in landscaping and ingestion by dogs can cause disease or death. Objectives: Determine the morbidity and case fatality of cycad palm toxicosis in dogs from Louisiana, and examine putative prognostic factors. Animals: Thirty-four client-owned dogs with confirmed cycad palm toxicosis between 2003 and 2010. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Search of all medical records for animals with cycad palm toxicosis. Results: Seventeen of 34 (50%) dogs died or were euthanized as a direct consequence of cycad intoxication. There were no differences in presenting signs and physical examination findings between survivors and nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors had higher serum alanine transaminase activity (median 196 U/L; range 16–4,123 versus 113.5; 48–1,530) and total bilirubin concentration (0.5 mg/dL; 0.1–6.2 versus 0.25; 0–1.7) upon presentation, and their initial serum concentrations of albumin (2.9 g/dL; 1.4–4.1 versus 3.3; 2.2–3.9) were lower than those of survivors. Nadir serum albumin concentration was also lower in nonsurvivors (1.9; 1.4–3.7 versus 3.2; 1.8–3.5). A higher proportion of nonsurvivors had prolonged coagulation times, prothrombin time. and partial thromboplastin time. In a multivariate model, administration of charcoal at initial presentation was associated with longer survival (heart rate [HR] 0.019, 95% CI 0.001–0.644), while high serum aspartate aminotransferase activity was a negative prognostic factor (HR 118.2, 95% CI 2.89–4,826). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Cycad intoxication is associated with a higher case fatality than previously published. Several laboratory parameters might help differentiating potential nonsurvivors from survivors. Administration of charcoal as part of the emergency treatment appears to have a protective effect.