cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping P53 Alterations in Metabolism upon DNA Damage using the Phasor/FLIM and Number & Molecular Brightness Analysis

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that regulates target genes involved in DNA damage migation and repair. If cells become stressed due to DNA damage, p53 will induce genes that trigger cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. p53 has a dual role in promoting oxidative phosphorylation (oxsphos) and glycolysis upon cellular stress. However, the metabolic function of p53 has not been fully explored. p53 metabolic activities may play an important role in normal growth, development, and tumor suppression, it might also be misused to help promote, rather than hinder, tumor development. To further assess p53 activity, we investigated the effect of metabolic changes under the same conditions and tested if the concentration of p53 influences the balance between apoptosis and DNA repair. We used the fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) phasor approach to detect changes in oxsphos and glycolysis. Overall our data show the formation of p53 protein near the nucleolus and in areas near the inner regions of the nucleus. We also show that upon DNA damage the concentration of p53 increases by a factor of two independent of initial expression levels. The FLIM/Phasor data show that low concentrations of p53 is enough to trigger glycolytic response in the nucleus of the cells upon DNA damage with Cisplatin and under high expression levels, a new lifetime phasor cluster is detected. This new lifetime correlates with dead phenotype cells and may be a new “apoptotic” lifetime signal. In addition, we are able to visualize the sub-nuclear spatial localization of p53 tetramers upon DNA damage with cisplatin and obtain spatial-temporal malls of cellular localization and dynamics. This work is supported in part by NIH grants P50 GM076516 and P41 GM103540.
Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Generate Distinct Low-Molecular Weight Amyloid-β (Aβ42) Oligomers along Pathway Different from Fibril Formation

Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation is known to play a central role in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among various aggregates, low-molecular weight soluble oligomers of Aβ are increasingly believed to be the primary neurotoxic agents responsible for memory impairment. Anionic interfaces are known to influence the Aβ aggregation process significantly. Here, we report the effects of interfaces formed by medium-chain (C9–C12), saturated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) on Aβ42 aggregation. NEFAs uniquely affected Aβ42 aggregation rates that depended on both the ratio of Aβ:NEFA as well the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the NEFAs. More importantly, irrespective of the kind of NEFA used, we observed that two distinct oligomers, 12–18 mers and 4–5 mers were formed via different pathway of aggregation under specific experimental conditions: (i) 12–18 mers were generated near the CMC in which NEFAs augment the rate of Aβ42 aggregation towards fibril formation, and, (ii) 4–5 mers were formed above the CMC, where NEFAs inhibit fibril formation. The data indicated that both 12–18 mers and 4–5 mers are formed along an alternate pathway called ‘off-pathway’ that did not result in fibril formation and yet have subtle structural and morphological differences that distinguish their bulk molecular behavior. These observations, (i) reflect the possible mechanism of Aβ aggregation in physiological lipid-rich environments, and (ii) reiterate the fact that all oligomeric forms of Aβ need not be obligatory intermediates of the fibril formation pathway.
Developing an open source strategy for NASA earth science data systems

We have found open source to be an effective platform for software reuse. Within the NASA Earth science data systems community, there are a number of distinct applications, ranging from interactions amongst science investigator led processing systems (SIPS), which focus on active data processing, algorithm experimentation and evaluation, and the reuse of instrument processing approaches; to NASA's Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) that are responsible for outward facing data dissemination to the public, and where long term preservation of data and reuse are distinctly important; all the way to downstream proposal led systems, where investigators are funded by NASA to reuse data and software to produce fused data products, and to aggregate and reuse NASA data systems in a systems-of-systems manner. Recognizing the need for a coordinated effort to inform the reuse of components within the NASA ecosystem, we are developing a strategic approach for the development and reuse of open source software. The NASA open source strategy builds on a set of dimensions involving legal, architectural, community, and redistribution areas that are of prime importance to the agency as a whole.
Coupled thermo-hydraulic modelling of pavement under frost

Frost action is a major factor causing deteriorations of pavements in cold regions. The resultant temperature and moisture redistributions play an important role in determining the mechanical responses of pavement. This paper develops a multi-physical model to analyse the coupled thermo-hydraulic field under pavements, especially those in the unsaturated base and subgrade. This model integrates the Fourier's laws for heat transfer, Richards' equation for fluid transfer and poroelastic constitutive relationships. Various coupled parameters were utilised to transfer information between field variables. Additional relationships, such as the similarity between drying and freezing processes and the Clapeyron equation for ice–water balance, were incorporated to allow for the effects of frost action. The coupled nonlinear partial differential equation system was solved on a multi-physical platform. Two instrumented pavement sections (one asphalt pavement and one concrete pavement) were used to validate the resul...
Validation of axial strain transfer from a composite laminate to embedded optical fiber sensors

In this paper, we report the results of a series of experiments undertaken to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of a fiber optic Fabry-Perot strain sensor embedded in a material system. The optical fiber sensor is embedded in three material systems containing different physical attributes to simulate a variety of local stress fields. The material systems, which included a homogeneous material, a model system, and a composite laminate, are subjected to tensile and compressive loads to evaluate the performance of the sensor under each of these conditions. In each test, the data obtained from the optical fiber sensor is compared to data from externally attached resistance strain gages for validation purposes. Results demonstrate that optical fiber sensors provide highly accurate results if sufficient chemical and/or mechanical load transfer mechanisms are present.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Measuring Government Performance

Abstract This article provides an overview of the origins and deliberations of performance measurement efforts in the U.S. government and draws upon the American experience to identify the challenges and opportunities this management tool presents for public managers. The first section describes the political context that has shaped performance measurement efforts in the U.S. government. Then what we have learned about the challenges managers face in designing and using performance measurement is reviewed. And in the third section, current and evolving issues that affect the effectiveness of performance measurement efforts are discussed.
Branched polysilanes from tetrafunctional monomers

Tetrafunctional silicon monomers have been incorporated into soluble branched polysilanes. Tetrakis(chlorodimethylsilyl)silane has been homopolymerized to form an irregular branched polymer which may contain some spiro and some bicyclic units. This polymer shows weak absorption at ∼300 nm, the region of the linear polysilane chains. It emits broadly in the region from 400 to 500 nm. The copolymers of tetrakis(chlorodimethylsilyl)silane with dichlorodimethylsilane are also soluble and in the presence of l ge amount of the tetrakis monomer emit in the region from 400 to 500 nm. By contrast, copolymers with phenyltrichlorosilane emit strongly at 450 to 650 nm, due to the phenylsilane hyperbranched structure. Small amounts of tetrachlorosilane can be incorporated into soluble polysilanes. Incorporation of =Si=units into polymers withn-hexyl substituents is very inefficient but leads to minor changes in emission spectra. Incorporation into polymers with phenyl substituents affects luminescence and increases molecular weights and broadens polydispersities. Reaction with dimethyldichlorosilane provides soluble low molecular weight oligomers and polymers. Polymers prepared with a small proportion of tetrachlorosilane show absorption and emission typical for linear polymers. Polymers synthesized with higher proportion of tetrachlorosilanes emit broadly at 400 to 500 nm, indicating the presence of Si clusters. The silicon clusters entrapped into soluble polymers are very easily oxidized as seen by the siloxane peaks in29Si NMR spectra and they should be treated under complete exclusion of oxygen.
Traceable e-cash

The widespread success and acceptability of electronic cash systems ultimately will involve striking a balance between anonymity and traceability. Traceable e-cash would make it harder to commit many crimes but would also threaten users' privacy. Completely untraceable digital cash would pose new difficulties for law enforcement agencies. Although physical cash has certain properties of an anonymous medium, its anonymous use is significantly constrained by the following considerations: bulk-large amounts of money take up a certain amount of space, but this sort of bulk sometimes helps authorities track money; transactional delays-the process of transferring, verifying, and counting bills takes at least a few seconds and for larger quantities, the times required are even less trivial; palpability-physical cash cannot be transferred over a computer network, and transferring it securely to a remote payee takes time and resources that may render the process somewhat visible; traceability-if law enforcement authorities know the serial numbers of bills being tracked, financial institutions may be able to help identify the next person who deposits them.
Linking social capital and indirect policy tools: Fostering equitable community reinvestment responses?

Governance perspectives suggest the boundaries between public and private sectors are blurred, and recognize the involvement of third party actors in carrying out public objectives. Traditional pol...
Childhood hepatic mesenchymoma: Successful treatment with surgery and multiple‐agent chemotherapy

Malignant undifferentiated sarcoma (mesenchymoma) of the liver is a rare tumor of childhood, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the literature. The overall prognosis for patients with this malignancy is poor. In this report, two children with hepatic mesenchymoma underwent surgical excision followed by 2 years of adjuvant chemotherapy. Rotating cycles of cisplatinum, vincristine/doxorubicin, vincristine/cyclophosphamide, and vincristine/actinomycin D were given with minimal toxicity. Both patients are alive, with no evidence of disease at least 5 years from diagnosis. Previous reports of treatment are reviewed.
Resistance Characteristics of Tellurium and Silver-Tellurium Alloys

The problem of correcting temperature errors in electrical instruments with copper windings is explained and the high electrical efficiency obtainable by correcting these errors with series resistors having negative temperature coefficients of resistance is noted. A method is described for making such resistors of tellurium and of silver-tellurium alloy. Tests at various loads are described as a result of which the suitability of these resistors for various applications is determined.
Nature's style : Naturally trendy

[1] Hydroclimatological time series often exhibit trends. While trend magnitude can be determined with little ambiguity, the corresponding statistical significance, sometimes cited to bolster scientific and political argument, is less certain because significance depends critically on the null hypothesis which in turn reflects subjective notions about what one expects to see. We consider statistical trend tests of hydroclimatological data in the presence of long-term persistence (LTP). Monte Carlo experiments employing FARIMA models indicate that trend tests which fail to consider LTP greatly overstate the statistical significance of observed trends when LTP is present. A new test is presented that avoids this problem. From a practical standpoint, however, it may be preferable to acknowledge that the concept of statistical significance is meaningless when discussing poorly understood systems.
Wave operators and Green's functions on random graphs

Differential operators on random graphs have utility in solving graph diffusion and related problems. Such methods are applied for instance in influence propagation and search and rank methods. In this paper we examine approaches to building the inverse of differential operators via Green's functions for such problems. In particular, we show the utility of the graph-Helmholtz equation on random graphs, and build an equivalent of the wavenumber on a graph, enabling rough and rapid O(1) approximation to the solution for certain regimes. Continuing work focuses on enhanced approximations at sub-quadratic costs in the number of nodes.
Characterizing the Metabolic Fingerprint and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Hypericum gentianoides

In this paper we characterize the metabolic fingerprint and first reported anti-inflammatory activity of Hypericum gentianoides. H. gentianoides has a history of medical use by Native Americans, but it has been studied very little for biological activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analyses of a methanol extract show that H. gentianoides contains a family of over nine related compounds that have retention times, mass spectra, and a distinctive UV absorption spectra characteristic of certain acyl-phloroglucinols. These metabolites are abundant relative to other secondary products present in H. gentianoides, accounting for approximately 0.2 g per gram of dry plant tissue. H. gentianoides methanol extracts and a specific semipreparative HPLC fraction from these extracts containing the putative acyl-phloroglucinols reduce prostaglandin E2 synthesis in mammalian macrophages.
Surfactant-Enhanced Desorption and Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil

We evaluated two nonionic surfactants, one hydrophobic (Brij 30) and one hydrophilic (C12E8), for their ability to enhance the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil after it had been treated in an aerobic bioreactor. The effects of each surfactant were evaluated at doses corresponding to equilibrium aqueous-phase concentrations well above the surfactant’s critical micelle concentration (CMC), slightly above the CMC, and below the CMC. The concentrations of all 3- and 4-ring PAHs were significantly lower in the soil amended with Brij 30 at the two lower doses compared to controls, whereas removal of only the 3-ring PAHs was significantly enhanced at the highest Brij 30 dose. In contrast, C12E8 did not enhance PAH removal at any dose. In the absence of surfactant, <5% of any PAH desorbed from the soil over an 18 day period. Brij 30 addition at the lowest dose significantly increased the desorption of most PAHs, whereas the addition of C12E8 at the lowest dose actuall...
Control of myogenic factor genes by the membrane depolarization/protein kinase C cascade in chick skeletal muscle.

Abstract Myogenic factor genes were found to respond differentially to electrical stimulation of denervated chick skeletal muscle. Myogenin gene activity declined rapidly (t 1 2 :~2 min), comparable to the rate of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) gene inactivation, while other myogenic bHLH genes either lost activity more slowly (MyoD) or not at all (myf5, herculin). Protein kinase C (PKC) is known to couple membrane activity to AChR gene inactivation; myogenin gene transcription was also rapidly blocked by the PKC activator PMA, whereas electrostimulation remained without effect on myogenin gene activity in muscle that was either exposed to the kinase inhibitor staurosporine or chronically treated with PMA to deplete PKC. These results attest to a special role for myogenin in the activation of AChR genes in denervation supersensitivity.
Requirement of spermidine for induction of both heme synthesis and globin transcription in murine erythroleukemia cells

We have previously demonstrated that spermidine is required for proliferation and differentiation of murine Friend erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. Other studies have indicated that inhibition of MEL differentiation by dexamethasone (DEX) and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is reversed by the addition of exogenous polyamines. The present work has thus monitored the requirements of polyamines for induction of MEL hemoglobin synthesis by dimethyl sulfoxide. The results demonstrate that spermidine depletion inhibits induction of both heme synthesis and transcription of alpha- and beta-globin mRNA. In contrast, the results also demonstrate that polyamines are not involved in the inhibition of MEL differentiation by DEX and TPA. Thus, spermidine is required at a transcription level for induction of MEL hemoglobin synthesis, but DEX and TPA act by mechanisms other than polyamine depletion.
Localization of ATPase in cilia of rabbit trachea

Abstract Ciliated tracheal epithelium from the rabbit was prepared for electron microscopy after incubation for ATPase by the method of Wachstein and Meisel, along with appropriate controls. ATPase activity was localized on cilia in the regions of the outside membrane, peripehral filaments, and basal body. It was also demonstrated on plasma membranes of epithelial cells and short slender microvilli located between the cilia on the free surface of epithelial cells. At the light microscope level, ATPase activity was localized in the region of cilia.
A nervous syndrome produced with phenylalanine and methionine.

SummaryAnimals fed a niacin-tryptophan deficient ration supplemented with 0.208% DL-phenylalanine and 0.2% DL-methionine for a period of 12 weeks developed a nervous syndrome. Generous quantities of tryptophan or niacin in the ration protected the animals from this syndrome, but neither compound cured the symptoms once they had progressed beyond a given stage.
The Ability for Dimensional Analysis in Preschool and Retarded Children: Evidence from Comparison, Conservation, and Prediction Tasks.

Abstract Previous findings of a developmental trend from holistic to analytic modes of processing yield to two possible interpretations—the ability to analyze into dimensions increases with age, or a production deficiency for the strategy of analyzing decreases with age. In the three studies reported here an attempt is made to elucidate which of these interpretations is the more correct by investigating the performance of preschoolers and retarded children in three tasks, all of which require dimensional analysis. The three tasks involve (a) same-different comparisons of selected dimensions of stimuli, (b) judgments of whether dimensions are conserved through transformations of objects, and (c) predictions of the outcomes of transformations that selectively modify dimensions of objects. Normal 3-year-old children and mildly retarded preadolescents make many errors on all three tasks and the patterns of these errors are predictable from holistic processing. Older groups of normal preschoolers, 4.5 to 5 years old, perform very well on the tasks, although they show some hints of remaining analytic deficits. It seems likely that the ability to analyze does undergo development in the preschool years, but that the production-deficiency interpretation also has merit, particularly for explaining developmental trends within the elementary school range.
Lensless wide-field fluorescent imaging on a chip using compressive decoding of sparse objects

We demonstrate the use of a compressive sampling algorithm for on-chip fluorescent imaging of sparse objects over an ultra-large field-of-view (>8 cm2) without the need for any lenses or mechanical scanning. In this lensfree imaging technique, fluorescent samples placed on a chip are excited through a prism interface, where the pump light is filtered out by total internal reflection after exciting the entire sample volume. The emitted fluorescent light from the specimen is collected through an on-chip fiber-optic faceplate and is delivered to a wide field-of-view opto-electronic sensor array for lensless recording of fluorescent spots corresponding to the samples. A compressive sampling based optimization algorithm is then used to rapidly reconstruct the sparse distribution of fluorescent sources to achieve ~10 µm spatial resolution over the entire active region of the sensor-array, i.e., over an imaging field-of-view of >8 cm2. Such a wide-field lensless fluorescent imaging platform could especially be significant for high-throughput imaging cytometry, rare cell analysis, as well as for micro-array research.
Intracellular expression of antibody fragments directed against HIV reverse transcriptase prevents HIV infection in vitro

We have tested a novel strategy of intracellular immunization to block human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The expression of a specific antibody within a cell was achieved by transduction of genes that encode for immunoglobulin chains with specificity to viral reverse transcriptase. We demonstrated that inhibition of this enzyme makes cells resistant to HIV infection by blocking an early stage of viral replication. If high efficiency transduction with a stable vector into lymphohaematopoietic stem cells or mature lymphocytes can be achieved, gene transfer-mediated intracellular immunization might be a feasible treatment strategy in AIDS.
Separation of Glycopeptides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method is presented for separation of tryptic glycopeptides-containing oligosaccharides of the N-asparagine-linked type. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of glycopeptides on a C18 reverse-phase system eluted with a gradient of 0%-50% acetonitrile in 0.1 M NaPO4 pH 2.2 resolves the two major glycosylation sites from the envelope glycoprotein (G) of vesicular stomatitis virus. Glycopeptides containing N-linked oligosaccharides of the complex type coelute with those containing N-linked oligosaccharides of the neutral, high mannose type, indicating that separation is based upon peptide rather than carbohydrate composition. The contribution of the carbohydrate component to glycopeptide elution, as determined by cleavage of the high mannose oligosaccharides with endo-beta-Nacetylglucosaminidase H, is that of a significant, but minor, decrease in peptide retention time. Comparison of the tryptic glycopeptide profiles of G isolated from both wild type and mutant strains of VSV illustrates the rapid, reproducible, and quantitative nature of the technique. Through HPLC analysis of appropriately treated glycopeptides, it is possible to explore both the nature and extent of glycosylation at individual sites in glycoproteins in a single step.
The scaffolding protein EBP50 regulates microvillar assembly in a phosphorylation-dependent manner

The mechanisms by which epithelial cells regulate the presence of microvilli on their apical surface are largely unknown. A potential regulator is EBP50/NHERF1 (ERM-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kD/Na+-H+ exchanger regulatory factor), a microvillar scaffolding protein with two PDZ domains followed by a C-terminal ezrin-binding domain. Using RNAi and expression of RNAi-resistant EBP50 mutants we systematically show that EBP50 is necessary for microvillar assembly and requires that EBP50 has both a functional first PDZ domain and an ezrin-binding site. Expression of mutants mimicking Cdc2 or PKC phosphorylation are nonfunctional in microvillar assembly. Biochemical analysis reveals that these mutants are defective in PDZ1 accessibility when PDZ2 is occupied, and can be rendered functional in vivo by additional mutation of PDZ2. EBP50 is not necessary for mitotic cell microvilli, and PKC activation causes a rearrangement of microvilli on cells due to phosphorylation-dependent loss of EBP50 function. Thus, EBP50 is a critical factor that regulates microvilli assembly and whose activity is regulated by signaling pathways and occupation of its PDZ2 domain.
Propagators and their implications

Nearly fifty years of collaboration on the development of formulations of the many-electron theory for molecular, atomic and condensed matter in terms of propagators is surveyed.
Predictors of Success for Academically Dismissed Students Following Readmission

Students who had been readmitted to a Midwestern university after academic dismissal were studied to discover whether any predictors of subsequent academic success could be identified. Logistic regression was employed to analyze six predictor variables: (a) cumulative grade point average at time of dismissal, (b) grade point average at another school during dismissal period, (c) composite ACT score, (d) number of semesters between dismissal and readmission, (e) number of credits earned at another school during dismissal period, and (f) level in school at time of dismissal. Only the two grade point averages were found to be significant predictors of success following readmission.
The use of Pb-210 geochronology as a sedimentological tool: Application to the Washington continental shelf

Abstract In the past, marine sedimentologists have been unable to quantitatively investigate modern sediment accumulation on continental shelves, but recent development of Pb-210 geochronology provides a tool to overcome this limitation. It is used in this study to examine the accumulation of modern Columbia River sediments on the Washington continental shelf. Pb-210 profiles in Washington shelf sediments reveal three characteristic regions: a homogeneous surface layer (about 10 cm thick) where sediments are actively mixed by physical and biological processes, a region where Pb-210 activities decrease logarithmically with depth in the sediment, and a lower region of background activities. The surface mixed layer generally reflects erosion by wave and current activity in inner shelf sediments (shallower than about 60 m), and biological mixing in mid and outer shelf sediments. The region of logarithmic activities (i.e., radioactive decay) in the Pb-210 profiles provides the rate of sediment accumulation, which is on the order of mm/yr. The predominant depositional feature is a mid-shelf silt deposit in which accumulation rates progressively decrease north-northwestward away from the Columbia River. These results are consistent with other sedimentological observations, and indicate that Pb-210 geochronology not only allows determination of modern sediment accumulation rates, but also provides additional insight into processes affecting accumulation. Pb-210 geochronology can be an important sedimentological tool for future studies of continental shelf sedimentation in areas undergoing modern sediment accumulation.
Preliminary Validation of an Online DSM-Based Mental Health Referral Inventory

A brief online inventory was developed as a much needed corrective for the hundreds of unscientific tests that are used now by millions of people to self-diagnose mental health problems. The primary purpose of the new inventory is to refer people to mental health professionals for further evaluation when they are experiencing problems that might be diagnosable under DSM guidelines; it is not designed to diagnose, however. The inventory was found to be a valid and reliable measuring instrument based on analysis of data obtained from 3,403 subjects. The 54-item checklist looks for 18 common problems identified in the DSM-IV and takes from 5 to 10 min to complete. Test scores proved to be good predictors of a variety of self-reported criterion measures, including happiness, personal and professional success, history of hospitalization, history of therapy, current participation in therapy, employment, and level of education. Females were found to have slightly more mental health problems than males, but no di...
The distribution of stars around a massive black hole

The stellar density distribution around a massive black hole at the centre of a spherical star cluster is determined from a simple scaling argument. The distribution is obtained by examining the net diffusion timescales associated with star and energy transport in a spherical, N-body system in dynamic equilibrium. The same analysis is also used to determine the stellar density profile in the halo of a star cluster. The approximate distribution obtained here for a relaxed, N-body system with (or without) a central, massive black hole agrees qualitatively with the results of detailed numerical calculations.
Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and Associated Factors

Intimate partner violence against women (IPV) affects all populations, but significant variations among these groups have been suggested. However, research results on racial differences in IPV are not only inconclusive, they are also limited-particularly with regard to racial minorities. As a result, it has been challenging for practitioners and service providers in many communities to serve an increasing number of racial minority clients. This study used the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) to examine differences in the prevalence of IPV, and associated factors, among major race groups in the U.S. Included variables were age, race, financial security, employment, education, social network, IPV perpetration and victimization, and severity of IPV. The results showed that Blacks were victimized the most, followed by Whites and Latinos, and Asians were victimized the least. Asians were the least likely to be victimized by IPV, even when controlling for sociodemographic variables. The odds of victimization for Blacks and Latinos were not significantly different from Whites. Financial security and age affected IPV victimization. Those who perceived themselves as financially secure were less likely to be victimized than those who did not. The older were less likely to be victimized than the younger. Employment, education, and social networks did not affect victimization. Race was not a significant predictor of perpetration, when controlling for other variables. Age was the only predictor of perpetration: the older were less likely to perpetrate IPV than the younger.
Is anticipation delicious? Visceral factors as mediators of the effect of olfactory cues on purchase intentions

Abstract In examining the way olfactory cues influence consumer behavior, this paper pays special attention to the crucial role of visceral factors — generally defined as ‘hot’ overwhelming urges driven by sexual lust, thirst, or hunger. Our investigation is limited to hunger driven visceral impulses, which we call ‘appetitive motivational drive states’. The results indicate that food aroma indirectly influences purchase intentions through the mediation of appetitive drive states such as taste anticipation, subjective expected pleasure, and taste enjoyment. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that food aroma as the predictor variable first activates taste anticipation, which plays a pivotal role in stimulating both subjective expected pleasure and taste enjoyment. Implications for marketing theory and industry practice are also discussed in light of the fact that visceral states can exert an unwelcome influence on purchase intentions and eating behavior.
Acute inhibition of calcineurin restores associative learning and memory in Tg2576 APP transgenic mice

Misfolded amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative illness characterized by cognitive deficits and neuronal loss. Transgenic mouse models of Abeta over-production indicate that Abeta-induced cognitive deficits occur in the absence of overt neuronal death, suggesting that while extensive neuronal death may be associated with later stages of the human disease, subtle physiological changes may underlie initial cognitive deficits. Therefore, identifying signaling elements involved in those Abeta-induced cognitive impairments that occur prior to loss of neurons may reveal new potential pharmacological targets. Here, we report that the enzymatic activity of calcineurin, a key protein phosphatase involved in phosphorylation-dependent kinase activity crucial for synaptic plasticity and memory function, is upregulated in the CNS of the Tg2576 animal model for Abeta over-production. Furthermore, acute treatment of Tg2576 mice with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 (10mg/kg i.p.) improves memory function. These results indicate that calcineurin may mediate some of the cognitive effects of excess Abeta such that inhibition of calcineurin shall be further explored as a potential treatment to reverse cognitive impairments in AD.
On probabilities induced by multi-valued mappings

Abstract We are concerned here with the environment that characterizes the theory of evidence. We show that while the measures of upper and lower probability introduced by Dempster do indeed provide bounds for the induced probability, more restrictive information on the induced probability can be had. In order to accomplish this, we use the concept of the truth of one set given a second set. We show how this concept provides for a natural extension to the fuzzy environment of the Dempster-Shafer structure.
A Simple Model of the Formation and Maintenance of the Shelf/Slope Front in the Middle Atlantic Bight

Abstract The strong salinity and temperature gradients across the shelf/slope front in the Middle Atlantic Bight often compensate such that the cross-front density gradient is nearly eliminated. The suggests that the density field may not be as dynamically important as has been assumed in previous model. Hypothesizing this to be the case, a simple steady model, which allows no density variations, is used to demonstrate that a strong tracer gradient may form near the break. The velocity field is such that an initially smooth tracer distribution develops a sharp front within a relatively short downstream distance. Essential feature of the model are 1) the velocity convergence new the shelf break which acts to sharpen the front on the shelf side, and 2) the increase in bottom slope and depth seaward of the shelf break which leads to rapid diffusion of tracer into the deep ocean. The result is that the front is maintained for a large alongshelf distance despite both diffusion effects and the frictional decay ...
Precision and diversity in an odor map on the olfactory bulb

We explored the map of odor space created by glomeruli on the olfactory bulb of both rat and mouse. Identified glomeruli could be matched across animals by their response profile to hundreds of odors. Their layout in different individuals varied by only approximately 1 glomerular spacing, corresponding to a precision of 1 part in 1,000. Across species, mouse and rat share many glomeruli with apparently identical odor tuning, arranged in a similar layout. In mapping the position of a glomerulus to its odor tuning, we found only a coarse relationship with a precision of approximately 5 spacings. No chemotopic order was apparent on a finer scale and nearby glomeruli were almost as diverse in their odor sensitivity as distant ones. This local diversity of sensory tuning stands in marked distinction from other brain maps. Given the reliable placement of the glomeruli, it represents a feature, not a flaw, of the olfactory bulb.
EXACT SOLUTIONS IN A SPATIALLY ANISOTROPIC QUANTUM SPIN LADDER MODEL HAVING TWO- AND FOUR-SPIN EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS

We consider a two-leg S=1/2 quantum spin ladder model with two-spin (intra-rung) and four-spin (inter-rung) Heisenberg exchange interactions and a uniform magnetic field. Exact mappings are derived connecting the partition function and correlations in the three-parameter quantum model to those known in a two-parameter Ising chain. The quantum phase diagram of the ladder magnet is determined. Static correlations provide pertinent correlation lengths and underlie spatial fluctuation behaviors at arbitrary temperatures, including quantum fluctuations at absolute zero. Dynamic correlations in zero field are used to obtain an exact solution for the inelastic neutron scattering function Sxx(q, ω) at all temperatures, explicitly yielding the elementary excitation spectrum.
The role of strain compatibility in the cyclic deformation of copper bicrystals

Abstract In order to improve our understanding of the link between the cyclic deformation of single crystals and of polycrystalline materials, a study was performed on copper bicrystals. Testing under strain control within the high cycle regime was performed in isoaxial [ 1 49] (90° and 180°) twist boundaries and [ 1 49]/[001] bicrystals, all with boundaries perpendicular to the tensile axis. A Grain Boundary Affected Zone (GBAZ), where multiple slip dominated, appeared when the boundaries developed compatibility stresses. Experiments showed that the behavior of macroscopically compatible bicrystals, 180° boundaries, is approximately similar to that of a monocrystal, whereas the fatigue responses of the other misorientation show a grain boundary effect, which increases the cyclic stress. The strain in each grain of the [ 1 49]/[001] sample was measured separately. The plastic deformation in the adjacent crystals oscillated during initial hardening; finally, the soft grain carried approximately five times the plastic strain of the other grain. © 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc.
Diversity Matters, Even at a Distance: Evaluating the Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication on Civil Society Participation in the World Summit on the Information Society1

This study explores the computer-mediated communication (CMC) practices of the transnational civil society organizations involved in the United Nations-sponsored World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). Informed by international regime theory, this study asks four specific research questions. (1) To what degree did civil society use CMC to organize its work and participate in WSIS? (2) How did the civil society use CMC? What barriers did it face, and how did it overcome those barriers? (3) To what extent do these CMC practices reveal the existence of policy networks and their linkages with epistemic communities? (4) What was the effect of civil society's use of CMC? Using both quantitative and qualitative data from an international survey and archival research, the study finds that e-mail lists are the primary CMC tools used within the sector, although attempts have been made to introduce more sophisticated applications to aid collaboration. Within the civil society sector we find strong evidence of a readiness to collaborate along several dimensions, including high levels of cognitive and affective trust. The study finds significant civil society participation in global policy networks, with numerous explicit linkages to epistemic communities. Finally, we find that civil society has been active in nearly all of the WSIS policy processes, and developed a coherent, socially-oriented policy contribution, but has had limited overall inouence on the final conference outcomes. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for the global governance of cyberinfrastructure and the Information Society, and provides recommendations for the second phase of the WSIS scheduled for November 2005 in Tunisia.
Capture‐Related Stressors Impair Immune System Function in Sablefish

Abstract The sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a valuable North Pacific Ocean species that, when not targeted in various commercial fisheries, is often a part of discarded bycatch. Predictions of the survival of discarded fish are dependent on understanding how a fish responds to stressful conditions. Our objective was to describe the immunological health of sablefish exposed to capture stressors. In laboratory experiments designed to simulate the capture process, we subjected sablefish to various stressors that might influence survival: Towing in a net, hooking, elevated seawater and air temperatures, and air exposure time. After stress was imposed, the in vitro mitogen-stimulated proliferation of sablefish leukocytes was used to evaluate the function of the immune system in an assay we validated for this species. The results demonstrated that regardless of fishing gear type, exposure to elevated seawater temperature, or time in air, the leukocytes from stressed sablefish exhibited significantly diminished...
Preparation and mössbauer effect of tin intercalates of layered transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract Mossbauer data has been obtained on six new, distinct tin intercalates which in addition to three others already reported in the literature comprise three distinct groups of compounds. The compounds contain in tin in a single site in the +2 formal oxidation state. A singlet Mossbauer peak was found for all the compounds except the 2S-, totally-filled intercalates, which show quadrupole spliting. The criteria for classification of these compounds are discussed.
The "Sixth Modernization"?: China, Safety, and the Management of Risks

This article examines the reasons behind China's failure to develop mechanisms to manage environmental and technological risks resulting from rapid industrial development.
Developing self‐awareness/racial identity with graduate social work students

Abstract This article discusses the significance of self‐awareness in clinical practice with diverse clients. The extent and ramifications of a journal assignment as a way for students to increase self‐awareness are explored as students poignantly describe their responses when they interacted with individuals from ethnic, racial, and cultural groups different from their own. In essence, students moved from a state of unawareness to varying degrees of self‐awareness.
Introduction: Open Questions in Roboethics

1 The Rise of the RobotethicistRoboethics is the recent offshoot of computer ethics that pays special attention to thealterationsthatneedtobemadetocomputerethicswhenwegivethecomputermobilityand a means to interact directly in the human environment. The closely related field ofmachinemoralityexploreshowethicalsystemsandbehaviorsmaybeprogrammedintosocial robotics applications. As robots move from the factory floor into our homes andworklives,theystandtochangekeyaspectsofthewayourlivesarelived.Inordertobesuccessful, these machines must be programmed with the ability to navigate the humanlifeworldwithoutcommittingethicalfauxpasormoraloutrage.Thus,theroboethicististasked not only with critiquing the attempts of robots engineers to achieve theintegration of these machines into our life world, but also, and more importantly, withsuggesting means of achieving better results than what is presently on offer.The undeniable roots of roboethics begin in the world of science fiction. The verycoining of the word “robot” in Karel Capek’s 1936 play, RUR, is loaded with ethicalimport. The Czech word “Robota” refers to labor or servitude, which gives us theuncomfortable inference that roboethics refers to a kind of slave ethics. I reject thisconnotation and it is just an unfortunate byproduct from the literary trope of therobot rebellion that Capek began with his play and Fritz Lang masterfully solidifiedin the human psyche with his film Metropolis, something which Hollywood has beenreiterating ever since. There is no need to reenact this unfortunate future in reality.As the great science fiction writer Philip K. Dick once observed, the duty of sciencefiction is to imagine dystopian futures so that we don’t actually have to live them.With this in mind, we can then see that the job of the roboethicist is not simplyscience fiction, it is instead to help avoid the imagined robo-apocalypse and helpbuild an alternative future where robots are not resentful slaves or out of controlkilling machines, but instead more like pets and perhaps someday even friends orpossibly, in the very far future, even colleagues. In the near future, the job of the
Architectures for optically interconnected multicomputers

Optical technology has made significant contributions to the state-of-the-art for long distance communications, including high reliability, low interference, security benefits, and (most important) very high bandwidth. However, the technology has yet to be successfully exploited in the domain of tightly-coupled multicomputer systems. Previous efforts in this area have concentrated on replacing existing electrical communications links with an optical counterpart. We propose to redesign the multicomputer architecture from the ground up. To successfully exploit the benefits of optical technology in a tightly-coupled system, the architectural design must reflect both the advantages of optics and the limitations of optics. This paper describes a class of such architectures. >
Control of a Semi-Circular Planform Wing in a "Gusting" Unsteady Free stream Flow II: Modeling and Feedback Design

Active flow control has been demonstrated in Part I of this article to modify the lift, drag and pitching moments on a semi-circular wing during “gusting” flow conditions. The low aspect ratio wing, AR = 2.54, is mounted on a captive trajectory system that responds to the instantaneous lift force and pitching moment and the “gusting” flow is simulated by a 0.2 Hz oscillation of the free stream speed of the wind tunnel. The mean chord Reynolds number of the wing is 70,600. Active flow control occurs along the leading edge of the airfoil, which contains 16 spatially localized micro-valve actuators. Details of the experimental setup, a quasi steady state lift model and results involving open-loop proof of concept validation are provided in Part I of this paper. Here we outline principles and considerations associated with close loop design that will be discussed in our talk.
LeRALF, a plant peptide that regulates root growth and development, specifically binds to 25 and 120 kDa cell surface membrane proteins of Lycopersicon peruvianum.

A photoaffinity analog of tomato leaf RALF peptide (LeRALF), 125I-azido-LeRALF, bound saturably to tomato suspension cultured cells in the dark in a classical receptor binding assay. Classical kinetic analyses revealed that the analog interacted with a single binding site on the surface of the cells with a KD of 0.8×10−9 M, typical of known peptide hormone–receptor interactions in both plants and animals. The 125I-azido-LeRALF, when exposed to UVB light in the presence of the cells, strongly labeled only two proteins of 25 kDa and 120 kDa, with the 25 kDa protein being more strongly labeled than the 120 kDa protein. The cell-surface localization of the interaction was indicated, as suramin, a known inhibitor of peptide–receptor interactions, and native LeRALF peptide competed with 125I-azido-LeRALF labeling of both proteins. Two biologically inactive LeRALF analogs were not competitors. Incubation of 125I-azido-LeRALF with suspension cultured cells in the dark, where it was fully active, could subsequently be totally dissociated from cells by acid washes, indicating that it was interacting at the cell surface and was not internalized. The 125I-azido-LeRALF-labeled 25 kDa and 120 kDa proteins could not be solubilized from cell membranes by methods that release peripheral proteins, indicating that they are integral membrane components. The cumulative kinetic and biochemical evidence strongly indicates that the two proteins may be components of a LeRALF receptor complex.