cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cavities on Creep

The formation of cavities during creep increases the creep rate as a result of the combined effects of the decrease in elastic modulus, which results in elastic creep, and the enhanced rate of the basic creep process caused by stress transfer. Analyses of these effects are presented for the special case of cavities in the form of cracks. The net rate of creep can be described by a total of four terms. Permanent crack-opening displacement resulting from creep deformation of material adjacent to the cracks results in a permanent pore phase following unloading.
Suspended-sediment distribution and certain aspects of phytoplankton production off Georgia, U.S.A.

Abstract Coastal water of the central Georgia embayment is composed of two distinct zones — the turbid zone and the boundary zone — that are clearly different from the shelf water. The turbid zone is a band of lagoonal and nearshore water that has relatively high concentrations of dissolved and particulate substances. During ebbing tides, contacts between the turbid zone and the boundary zone are well-defined by frontal systems of inlet plumes. In the boundary zone, a gradational transition exists between the turbid zone and the relatively constant but much lower concentrations of dissolved and particulate substances in the shelf water zone. Dispersion of suspended particulates in the lagoonal portion of the turbid zone is primarily influenced by tidal hydraulics. Inlet plumes and wave resuspension are major factors affecting suspended particulate concentrations in the nearshore portion of the turbid zone. The seaward attenuation of particulate and dissolved matter in the boundary zone is primarily the result of dilution by settling and mixing with shelf water. Based on preliminary measurements, the turbid zone appears to be an area of high primary production in the central Georgia embayment. Although photosynthetic processes of phytoplankton are limited to the upper meter of water in this zone, the rapid uptake of relatively high concentrations of nutrients that are available, result in high biomass production. At high tides, production is particularly maximized in the lagoonal portion of the turbid zone, when nutrient-rich water “spills” out of tidal channels and spreads across the extensive marsh surface. Whereas phytoplanktons are dispersed seaward of inlets, resuspended benthic microalgae do not make up a large portion of the organic material ebbing through inlets.
Experience with fingolimod in clinical practice

Aim: To report experience with fingolimod in clinical practice. Design/Methods: Patients in an academic medical center who were prescribed fingolimod from October 2010 to August 2011 were identified through the electronic medical record and followed for 12 months after fingolimod initiation. Adverse effects (AEs), clinical measures, MRI data, and quality of life measures were assessed. Results: Three hundred seventeen patients started fingolimod. Eleven patients were treatment naive (3.5%) and 76 (24.0%) had remote disease modifying therapy (DMT) use prior to fingolimod. One hundred fifty-one (47.6%) switched because of patient preference and 79 (24.9%) switched because of breakthrough disease. About 11.6% transitioned from natalizumab. Follow-up data were available for 306 patients (96.5%) with mean follow-up time 332 days. Fingolimod was discontinued in 76 of 306 patients (24.8%) at mean 248 days after fingolimod start. Discontinuation most often was due to AEs (n = 40) or breakthrough disease (n = 22)....
Species difference in the glucogenic behavior of butyrate in lactating ruminants.

Abstract 1. 1. The hyperglycemia that goats and cows develop in response to intravenous sodium butyrate was investigated during continuous infusion of NaH14CO3 by measuring the transfer quotient to plasma glucose as an index of gluconeogenesis. 2. 2. The results show that a different process occurs in the two species. 3. 3. Goats develop a hyperglycemia as a result of increased glycogenolysis whereas cows respond by increasing gluconeogenesis.
Magnesium-induced lipid bilayer microdomain reorganizations: implications for membrane fusion.

Interactions between dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS) combined both as binary lipid bilayer assemblies and separately, under the influence of divalent Mg 2+ , a membrane bilayer fusogenic agent, are reported. Infrared vibrational spectroscopic analyses of the lipid acy chain methylene symmetric stretching modes indicate that aggregates of the two phospholipid components exist as domains heterogeneously distributed throughout the binary bilayer system. In the presence of Mg 2+ DPPS maintains an ordered orthorhombic subcell gel phase structure through the phase transition temperature while the DPPC component is only minimally perturbed with respect to the gel to liquid crystalline phase change. The addition of Mg 2+ induces a reorganization of the lipid domains in which the gel phase acyl chair planes rearrange from a hexagonal configuration toward a triclinic, parallel chain subcell. Examination of the acyl chain methylene deformation modes at low temperatures allows a determination of DPPS microdomair sizes, which decrease upon the addition of DPPC-d 62 in the absence of Mg 2+ . On adding Mg 2+ , a uniform DPPS domain size is observed in the binary mixtures. In either the presence or absence of Mg 2+ , DPPC-d 62 aggregates remain in a configuration for which microdomain sizes are not spectroscopically measurable Analysis of the acyl chain methylene deformation modes for DPPC-d 62 in the binary system suggests that clusters of the deuterated lipids are distributed throughout the DPPS matrix. Light scattering and fluorescence measurements indicate that Mg 2+ induces both the aggregation and the fusion of the lipid assemblies as a function of the ratio of DPPS to DPPC. The structural reorganizations of the lipid microdomains within the DPPS-DPPC bilayer are interpreted in the context of current concepts regarding lipid bilayer fusion.
Kinetic turbulence simulations at extreme scale on leadership-class systems

Reliable predictive simulation capability addressing confinement properties in magnetically confined fusion plasmas is critically-important for ITER, a 20 billion dollar international burning plasma device under construction in France. The complex study of kinetic turbulence, which can severely limit the energy confinement and impact the economic viability of fusion systems, requires simulations at extreme scale for such an unprecedented device size. Our newly optimized, global, ab initio particle-in-cell code solving the nonlinear equations underlying gyrokinetic theory achieves excellent performance with respect to "time to solution" at the full capacity of the IBM Blue Gene/Q on 786,432 cores of Mira at ALCF and recently of the 1,572,864 cores of Sequoia at LLNL. Recent multithreading and domain decomposition optimizations in the new GTC-P code represent critically important software advances for modern, low memory per core systems by enabling routine simulations at unprecedented size (130 million grid points ITER-scale) and resolution (65 billion particles).
First-order diffusive effects in nonlinear rate processes

Abstract It is shown that first-order diffusive effects can be incorporated immediately into the general initial-value problem solution to a system of nonlinear rate equations.
Leon Blum and the Crisis Over Spain, 1936

(1962). Leon Blum and the Crisis Over Spain, 1936. The Historian: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 423-449.
Influence of Surface Heating Condition on Local Heat Transfer in a Rotating Square Channel With Smooth Walls and Radial Outward Flow

The effect of a surface heating condition on the local heat transfer coefficient in a rotating square channel with smooth walls and radial outward flow was investigated for Reynolds numbers from 2500 to 25,000 and rotation numbers from 0 to 0.352.The square channef, composed of six isolated copper sections, has a length-tohydraulic diameter ratio of 12. The mean rotating radius to the channel hydraulic diameter ratio is kept at a constant value of 30. Four surface heating conditions were tested: (1) four walls at uniform temperature, (2) temperature ratio of leading surface to side wall and trailing surface to side wall is 1.05 and 1.10, respectively, (3) trailing surface hot and remaining three walls cold, and (4) leading surface hot and remaining three walls cold
The Need for Choline, Folic Acid, and Nicotinic Acid by Goslings Fed Purified Diets,

Abstract VERY few studies have been made on the vitamin B complex in the nutrition of goslings. As far as the authors are aware no previous studies have been reported on the requirement for choline, nicotinic acid, or folic acid by the goose nor are results available on the use of purified (“synthetic” type) diets for goslings. EXPERIMENTAL In the experiments reported here, conducted in 1949 and 1950, day-old Toulouse goslings of mixed sexes were used. starting weight was about 100 gm. The goslings were raised in electrically-heated metal batteries with raised wire screen floors. Feed and clean water were supplied ad libitum. The purified basal diets are given in Table 1. Although vitamin B12 was not added to diet S1 it is felt that the crude casein contributed a sufficient amount. Because of the scarcity of goslings relatively small groups were used. However, since the differences were very marked the …
Force Reconstruction for Impact Tests

Two force reconstruction techniques were used to evaluate the impact test of a scale model nuclear transportation cask dropped 30 ft. onto an unyielding target. The two techniques are: the sum of weighted acceleration technique and the deconvolution technique. A brief description and the calibration of the techniques as applied to the cask are presented
Making Ricotta Cheese by Ultrafiltration

Abstract The principles of the ultrafiltration process of Maubois, Mocquot, and Vassal were employed in production of Ricotta cheese. Effects on cheese quality of degree of acidification of the cheese milk, conditions of ultrafiltration, and heat treatment of liquid pre-cheeses were studied. Cheeses produced under optimal conditions were similar to traditional Ricotta cheeses. The method lends itself to continuous operation.
Analysis and sorting of prostate cancer cell types by flow cytometry

BACKGROUND Prostate tumor heterogeneity as manifested by differential expression of markers can be attributed to multiple types of cancer cells populating a tumor. Does the composition differ between primary tumor and metastasis? How can one isolate the different cancer cell types to study? What is the relationship among cancer cell types? METHODS Flow cytometry keying on the prostate epithelial cell surface markers CD57 and CD44 was applied to analyze and sort single cells prepared from tumor tissue samples by collagenase digestion. In normal tissue, CD57 is found on luminal cells and CD44 on basal cells. RESULTS CD57+ and CD44+ cells were sorted from various prostate tumor tissue specimens. The CD57+ cancer cell type was found to predominate in primary tumors, while the CD44+ cancer cell type was found to predominate in two visceral metastases. All tumors could be characterized by a ratio of CD57+ and CD44+ cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Two types of prostate cancer cells, CD57+ and CD44+, were identified. The finding that most primary tumors contain a predominantly CD57+ cancer cell population agrees with the argument that cancer cells arise from the transformation of CD57+ luminal cells. However, CD44+ cancer cells are also present in some primary tumors; and in some metastases, they, and not CD57+ cells, constitute a predominant population. Prostate 40:192–199, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effects of improved metabolic risk factors on bone turnover markers after 12 weeks of simvastatin treatment with or without exercise.

Abstract Objective Emerging evidence supports an association between metabolic risk factors and bone turnover. Statins and exercise independently improve metabolic risk factors; however whether improvements in metabolic risk factor affects bone turnover is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to: 1) evaluate the relationship between metabolic risk factors and bone turnover; and 2) determine if improvements in metabolic risk factors after 12 weeks of statin treatment, exercise or the combination affect bone turnover. Methods Fifty participants with ≥ 2 metabolic syndrome defining characteristics were randomly assigned to one of three groups: statin (STAT: simvastatin, 40 mg/day), exercise (EX: brisk walking and/or slow jogging, 45 minutes/day, 5 days/week), or the combination (STAT + EX). Body composition and whole body bone mineral density were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum markers of bone formation (bone specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP; osteocalcin, OC), resorption (C-terminal peptide of type I collagen, CTX) and metabolic risk factors were determined. Two-factor (time, group) repeated-measures ANCOVA was used to examine changes of metabolic risk factors and bone turnover. General linear models were used to determine the effect of pre-treatment metabolic risk factors on post-treatment bone turnover marker outcomes. Results Participants with ≥ 4 metabolic syndrome defining characteristics had lower pre-treatment OC than those with 3 or fewer. OC was negatively correlated with glucose, and CTX was positively correlated with cholesterol. STAT or STAT + EX lowered total and LDL cholesterol. The OC to CTX ratio decreased in all groups with no other significant changes in bone turnover. Higher pre-treatment insulin or body fat predicted a greater CTX reduction and a greater BAP/CTX increase. Conclusion Metabolic risk factors were negatively associated with bone turnover markers. Short-term statin treatment with or without exercise lowered cholesterol and all treatments had a small effect on bone turnover.
Wideband dispersion measurements of water in reflection and transmission

Planar antennas are switched photoconductively to generate picosecond bursts of freely-propagating radiation with usable spectral amplitudes from 5 to 85 GHz. This radiation is used to perform reflection and transmission measurements on materials, with experimental results presented for the complex index of refraction of water. We compare the relative merits of time-domain reflection and transmission material measurements and present new deconvolution techniques for extracting frequency-domain information from time-domain measurements. >
Plasticity in the length of the ovulation-oviposition interval in the lubber grasshopper Romalea microptera

Abstract In female Romalea microptera grasshoppers, the interval between ovulation and oviposition is flexible. Females kept without sand laid their 1st egg clutch an average of 7 d later (Day 36) than females maintained on moist sand (Day 29). When we examined the ovaries of females who had recently laid, females denied sand had longer primary oocytes (5.7 vs 3.3 mm) and smaller follicle resorption bodies (0.61 vs 0.83 mm diameter) than females kept on sand, confirming that mature oocytes had been retained in the lateral oviducts of females denied sand. Some females kept without sand retained their 1st clutch until the 2nd clutch was ready to be ovulated. This suggests that grasshoppers exhibit adaptive flexibility in their ability to retain ovulated oocytes in the calyses of their lateral oviducts until a suitable oviposition substrate is found. The results also imply that using oviposition as a marker for underlying physiological/hormonal events or treatment/environment effects is problematic, because ...
Beam quality of photonic-crystal fibers

In this paper, we investigate the beam quality of photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs) with one, three, and seven missing airholes. The beam quality factor M/sup 2/ of a PCF is generally larger than unity, even if it is single mode. The results are especially important for the design and measurements of single-mode PCF lasers. A comparison between an M/sup 2/ measurement of the laser beam and the reported numbers can establish whether a PCF laser is operating as single mode or is contaminated by higher order modes.
Maximum entropy aggregation of individual opinions

This paper presents several formulations for aggregating opinions about the outcome of a future event-e.g., opinions in the form of probabilities are aggregated into a single probability. The approach used to derive these aggregation formulas is maximum entropy inference, with the assumption that the opinions and the event being predicted are joint random variables. As part of the presentation, the novel, axiomatically developed aggregation formula due to Bordley is used as a foil for contrasting and comparing the results developed here. It is shown that Bordley's result is overly restrictive when looked at in terms of maximum entropy derivations that are clearly using more information. Initially, we suppose that the opinions given on the future event are in the form of odds; then we consider the case where these opinions are in the form of probabilities; and finally, we reach a general formulation in which they could be odds, probabilities or even binary, yes/no, predictions of a future event with interactions between experts. In regard to this last point, the use of Darroch and Ratcliff's method in maximum entropy aggregation is sketched. >
Role Changes and Psychological Weil-Being: Variations in Effects by Gender and Role Repertoire

This analysis examines the relationship between multiple social roles and psychological well-being by focusing on specific combinations of the normatively expected social roles of spouse, childrearer, and worker in a large representative sample of urban adults. Cross-sectional analyses of current role repertoires and current psychological symptoms are supplemented by consideration of how changes in role repertoires are related to changes in symptom level. For both men and women, marriage and employment have positive effects, but the impact of childrearing responsibilities ranges from neutral to negative. The advantages of employment are most pronounced for married fathers and unmarried mothers, those of marriage strongest for mothers without jobs; the disadvantages of childrearing are strongest for unemployed husbands and unemployed unmarried women. Specific role combinations, not summary role counts, are meaningfully associated with psychological symptoms: distress is most likely when one's role repertoire departs from the normal expectable situation for one's age and gender. Much of the considerable literature on the relationship between social roles and psychological well-being has emphasized the problems of role strain, role conflict, and role overload which are presumed to accompany multiple role enactments (Goode 1960). For example, discussion of women's difficulties has focused on possible conflicts among the demands of children, husbands, and employers (Aneshensel, Frerichs & Clark 1981; Gove, Hughes & Style 1983). For men, the demands of "family life" are seen as competing with expectations from the world of work (Pleck 1984). *An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Second National Conference on Social Stress, University of New Hampshire, 1986. These analyses were supported by the Ohio State University Instruction and Research Computer Center, through the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Data collection was supported by grants from the National Institutes on Aging and the National Institute on Health. Direct correspondence to the author, Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1353. @ 1989 The University of North Carolina Press
Responses to catastrophic AGI risk: a survey

Many researchers have argued that humanity will create artificial general intelligence (AGI) within the next twenty to one hundred years. It has been suggested that AGI may inflict serious damage to human well-being on a global scale (‘catastrophic risk’). After summarizing the arguments for why AGI may pose such a risk, we review the fieldʼs proposed responses to AGI risk. We consider societal proposals, proposals for external constraints on AGI behaviors and proposals for creating AGIs that are safe due to their internal design.
Equilibrium distribution of mutators in the single fitness peak model.

This Letter develops an analytically tractable model for determining the equilibrium distribution of mismatch repair deficient strains in unicellular populations. The approach is based on the single fitness peak model, which has been used in Eigen's quasispecies equations in order to understand various aspects of evolutionary dynamics. As with the quasispecies model, our model for mutator-nonmutator equilibrium undergoes a phase transition in the limit of infinite sequence length. This ``repair catastrophe'' occurs at a critical repair error probability of ${ϵ}_{r}={L}_{\mathrm{v}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{a}}/L$, where ${L}_{\mathrm{v}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{a}}$ denotes the length of the genome controlling viability, while $L$ denotes the overall length of the genome. The repair catastrophe therefore occurs when the repair error probability exceeds the fraction of deleterious mutations. Our model also gives a quantitative estimate for the equilibrium fraction of mutators in Escherichia coli.
Classification of Coasts

Abstract The simplest description of a given coast requires a minimum of three terms, embracing the following: (1) material (hard/soft; soluble or otherwise); (2) agencies (erosive/constructive; physical, chemical, biological, and geographic setting [latitude, exposure, fetch]), and (3) historical factors (time scale: geotectonic, glacioisostatic, eustatic, steric, anthropic). Deductive reasoning based on instrumental data such as tide gauges frequently lead to misleading conclusions, in that most are located in the northern hemisphere (land-dominated), near river mouths (variable runoff), sediment compaction, crustal lowering, coriolis effect of geostrophic current variation, and excessively short data spans (< 100 yr). Climatic oscillation influences sea level on all scales from ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) and NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) up to 1500 yr or more. Satellite observations furnish only the briefest “snap-shots.” Classifications based on perceived “relative” relationships such as s...
Material and electrical properties of ultra-shallow p/sup +/-n junctions formed by low-energy ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing

A study of low-energy ion implantation processes for the fabrication of ultrashallow p/sup +/-n junctions is presented. The resulting junctions are examined in terms of four key parameters: defect annihilation, junction depth, sheet resistance, and diode reverse leakage current. In the realm of very-low-energy ion implantation, Ge preamorphization is found to be largely ineffective at reducing junction depth, despite the fact that the as-implanted boron profiles are much shallower for preamorphized substrates than for crystalline substrates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of residual defects after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) reveals that the use of either a preamorphization implant or the implantation of BF/sub 2/ as a B source results in residual damage which requires higher RTA temperatures to be removed. A reasonable correlation is observed between residual defect density observed via TEM and junction leakage current. It is concluded that the key to an optimized low-energy implantation process for the formation of ultrashallow junctions appears to be the proper selection of preamorphization and annealing conditions relative to the dopant implant energy. >
High-dimensional data compression via PHLCT

The polyharmonic local cosine transform (PHLCT), presented by Yamatani and Saito 1 in 2006, is a new tool for local image analysis and synthesis. It can compress and decompress images with better visual fidelity, less blocking artifact s, and better PSNR than those processed by the JPEG-DCT algorithm. Now, we generalize PHLCT to the high-dimensional case and apply it to compress the high-dimensional data. For this purpose, we give the solution of the high-dimensional Poisson equation with the Neumann boundary condition. In order to reduce the number of coefficients of PHLCT, we use not only d-dimensional PHLCT decomposition, but also d − 1, d − 2, . . . ,1 dimensional PHLCT decompositions. We find that our algorithm can more efficiently compress the high -dimensional data than the block DCT algorithm. We will demonstrate our claim using both synthetic and real 3D datasets.
Generation and Measurement of Pressure

This is a review of methods used to establish the primary pressure scale, of transfer gages and of the most common fixed points on the pressure scale. The major types of pressure generators and some important components like pumps, electrical feedthroughs and windows will be discussed. The review is generally limited to the hydrostatic environment.
Oxidative Conditioning and Treatment for Osteoarthritis

Oxidative stress is associated with aging and is also implicated as a contributing factor in osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease resulting mainly due to progressive degradation of the articular cartilage. Avascular and aneural in nature, articular cartilage is a unique tissue thriving in a mechanically active environment that requires physical stimuli to maintain tissue health. Cartilage adaptation is achieved by modulating matrix synthesis and other protective biological features in an effort to tolerate increased mechanical demands. One potential mechano-transductive pathway that regulates functional adaptation is believed to be driven by oxidative stress, but the exact mechanisms of this phenomenon are not clear. As an important rate-limiting factor for cartilage metabolism, sublethal levels of oxidants play a protective role against injurious mechanical loads, probably by modulating multiple biochemical pathways that increase stress tolerance thresholds of cartilage. Antioxidant status, nuclear factor (NF-κB), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) are potential factors that may play a role in oxidant conditioning and cartilage adaptation.
Optical Limiting in Phthalocyanine Solutions and in Pure Liquid Phthalocyanines

Optical limiting, degenerate four-wave mixing and transient absorption experiments have been performed on a neat liquid lead substituted phthalocyanine. The photophysical mechanisms responsible for the good optical limiting observed in other phthalocyanine solutions are maintained in this pure liquid despite its different peripheral substitution pattern. The liquid is shown to have excited state absorption cross sections that exceed those of the ground state through much of the visible spectrum. Hybrid absorptive/refractive nonlinear response is demonstrated to contribute to both the four-wave mixing and optical limiting response. The mechanism and states responsible are discussed.
Adaptive Output Feedback Control of the IPMC Propelled Vehicle With Unknown High Frequency Gain Matrix

This paper presents model reference adaptive control (MRAC) of underwater vehicle propelled by the Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator. Trajectories of the vehicle are controlled by simultaneously controlling the bias and amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage applied to the IPMC actuator attached at the real end of the vehicle. It is assumed that the system parameters as well as high frequency gain matrix are unknown. Using Lyapunov stability theory and factorization of the high frequency gain matrix, an adaptive output feedback control is designed for trajectory control of a heading angle and a speed of the vehicle. In the proposed approach, SDU (Square Diagonal and Upper triangular matrix) decomposition of the high frequency gain (HFG) matrix is used. Only signs of the leading principle minors of the HFG matrix are assumed to be known. Simulations results are presented to show that precise trajectory control of the heading and speed is achieved in spite of the coupling between controlled variables.© 2011 ASME
An Algorithm to Facilitate Intrusion Response in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this research paper, we describe an algorithm that could be implemented on an intrusion response system (IRS) designed specifically for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Designed to supplement a MANET's hierarchical intrusion detection system (IDS), this IRS and its associated algorithm would be implemented on the root node operating in such an IRS, and would rely on the optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) to determine facts about the topology of the network, and use that determination to facilitate responding to network intrusions and attacks. The algorithm operates in a query-response mode, where the IRS function of the IDS root node queries the implemented algorithm, and the algorithm returns its response, formatted as an unordered list of nodes satisfying the query.
Power System Harmonics

The proliferation of nonlinear loads such as power converters, fluorescent bulbs, and adjustable speed drives (ASDs) in the power distribution system gives rise to harmonic distortions in voltage and current waveforms. While drawing a fundamental current from the supply system, a nonlinear load injects non-sinusoidal currents back to the supply system. The distorted load current interacts with the system impedance and in turn distorts the utility’s supply voltage. As a result, other loads connected to the same distribution system end up drawing distorted currents as well. Significant voltage distortion increases the system losses and adversely affects the operation of end-user loads. In this chapter, the concept of power system harmonics is introduced and the approaches to analyze the distribution circuit in the presence of nonlinear loads are discussed. The power quality issues due to harmonic distortions and power system indices to quantify them are summarized as well. The voltage–current characteristics and the circuit models for several non-linear loads are discussed, followed by circuit modeling in the presence of harmonics. Several methods for harmonic power flow study are presented. A harmonic power flow study calculates active and reactive power flows, voltages, and currents at each node for each harmonic frequency. Several methods to mitigate power system harmonics using active and passive filters are also discussed.
Phase resistance estimation for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors

The determination of phase resistance is a key factor for a number of sensorless position estimation algorithms of switched reluctance (SR) motors. The change of phase resistance during motor operation due to it's temperature dependency causes error in the position estimation and thus it significantly affects the performance of the drive. An on-the-fly resistance estimation algorithm for SR motors has been developed. The algorithm is based on estimation of flux linkage and its relation to the actual phase current. The developed resistance estimation algorithm has been successfully implemented and tested on a sensorless SR drive. The overall error of the phase resistance estimation was reached in a range of 2% for the low- and mid-speed range. it significantly improves the sensorless position estimation and thus SR drive performance. Since the algorithm requires neither additional sensors nor excessive computational power, it is applicable in real sensorless SR drives.
Educational Resources for Patients Considering a Left Ventricular Assist Device A Cross-Sectional Review of Internet, Print, and Multimedia Materials

Background—Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are being used with increasing frequency to treat severe heart failure. Patients seek out informational resources when considering implantation. The primary study objective was to characterize the scope and quality of available LVAD educational materials. Methods and Results—In July 2013, we performed a cross-sectional search of Internet, print, and multimedia resources available to patients considering LVAD. Written materials <10 sentences, videos <2 minutes, and materials clearly directed to healthcare professionals were excluded. Seventy-seven materials met inclusion criteria. Potential benefits of LVAD therapy were discussed in all (n=77), whereas less often mentioned were risks (n=43), lifestyle considerations (n=29), surgical details (n=26), caregiver information (n=9), and hospice or palliative care (n=2). Of the 14 materials that recognized a decision or alternate treatment option, 7 used outdated statistics, 12 scored above an eighth grade readin...
Risk Factors of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): A Case-Control Study.

Little is known about the etiology of MDS. A hospital-based case control study was conducted to investigate the association between lifestyle characteristics and MDS risk. Cases included 354 newly diagnosed adult de novo MDS cases registered at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) between 1996 and 2003. Four hundred and fifty two age-, sex- and race-matched healthy controls were recruited among visitors to MDACC who accompanied patients to different clinics excluding the Leukemia clinic. A validated questionnaire was used to collect demographic and epidemiological information including lifetime history of smoking, alcohol drinking and occupational history. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for all variables simultaneously was used. The distribution by FAB type was 102 (29%) RA/RARS, 43 (12%) CMML and 209 (59%) RAEB/RAEB-T. The mean age of patients was 64 years (range: 24 to 89), the male to female ratio was 2.72, and 94% of cases were whites. Abnormal cytogenetics was found in 49% of the patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed among all MDS cases and among each FAB type. For all MDS combined, having a first degree relative diagnosed with a hematopoietic cancer (Odds ratio (OR)=1.92, 95% CI: 1.11–3.33), having ever smoked (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.19–2.29), having been exposed to agricultural chemicals (OR=4.57, 95% CI: 1.78–11.7) and solvents (OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.22–3.54) were associated with MDS risk. Wine drinkers had a reduced risk of MDS as compared to those who never drank alcohol (OR=0.54, 95%: 0.37–0.79). For the RA/RARS type, smoking (OR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.3–3.6) and having been exposed to agricultural chemicals (OR=4.64, 95% CI: 1.27–16.9) were the only two risk factors identified. Wine drinkers were at reduced risk (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.29–0.91). For the RAEB/RAEBT type, a positive family history of hematopoietic cancer (OR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.17–3.98), smoking (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.05–2.30) and exposure to agricultural chemicals (OR=4.12, 95% CI: 1.51–11.3) or solvents (OR=2.83, 95% CI: 1.59–5.05) were independent risk factors. Also drinking wine seemed to reduce the risk by almost 50% (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.32–0.81). We also found a joint effect between smoking and chemical exposures with the largest OR found among smokers who were also exposed to solvents or agricultural chemicals as compared to never smokers without chemical exposures (OR=3.22, 95% CI: 2.11–4.92, Trend test: p
Learning in Children and in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Learning studies based on children were integrated with comparable studies based on older adults. Classical conditioning studies were represented primarily by the eyeblink response with the processes of habituation and extinction receiving special attention. Learning based upon prior experience, including pretraining studies, was discussed giving emphasis to the distinction between learning (process) and performance (act). The problem of speed of response was examined in the context of paired-associate and serial learning; and finally, studies on incidental learning were reviewed indicating that typical growth and decline curves do not always apply to abilities across the life-span.
Constrictive pericarditis presenting with massive ascites without hemodynamic echocardiographic features

A 27-year-old woman presented to the hospital because of a five-month-history of rapidly-accumulating ascites, dyspnea, and fatigue. The patient was otherwise asymptomatic, and required repeated large volume paracenteses. Physical exam was benign except for hepatomegaly and abdominal distension. Laboratory testing demonstrated elevation of transaminases, but further testing was all negative. A chest CT showed pericardial thickening. Subsequent echocardiography was performed to evaluate for constrictive pericarditis, but apart from inferior vena cava (IVC) dilation, there were no other findings suggestive of pericardial constriction. A subsequent cardiac catheterization was suggestive of constrictive pericarditis, so the patient underwent a pericardiectomy. The Mayo Clinic echocardiography diagnostic criteria presents a diagnostic paradigm where the presence of mitral inflow E/A > 0.8 and the presence of a dilated IVC concomitantly provide good sensitivity for echocardiographic diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP). Due to the good sensitivity and specificity of echocardiographic findings, the lack of any characteristic finding is surprising, and suggests the importance of other diagnostic modalities such as CT, cardiac MRI, and cardiac catheterization in conjunction with echocardiography when there is a high suspicion for CP.
Understanding phospholipid function: why are there so many lipids?

In the 1970s, phospholipids were still considered mere building blocks of the membrane lipid bilayer, but the subsequent realization that phospholipids could also serve as second messengers brought new interest to the field. My own passion for the unique amphipathic properties of lipids led me to seek other, non-signaling functions for phospholipids, particularly in their interactions with membrane proteins. This seemed to be the last frontier in protein chemistry and enzymology to be conquered. I was fortunate to find my way to Eugene Kennedy's laboratory, where both membrane proteins and phospholipids were the foci of study, thus providing a jumping-off point for advancing our fundamental understanding of lipid synthesis, membrane protein biosynthesis, phospholipid and membrane protein trafficking, and the cellular roles of phospholipids. After purifying and characterizing enzymes of phospholipid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and cloning of several of the genes encoding these enzymes in E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I was in a position to alter phospholipid composition in a systematic manner during the cell cycle in these microorganisms. My group was able to establish, contrary to common assumption (derived from the fact that membrane proteins retain activity in detergent extracts) that phospholipid environment is a strong determining factor in the function of membrane proteins. We showed that molecular genetic alterations in membrane lipid composition result in many phenotypes, and uncovered direct lipid-protein interactions that govern dynamic structural and functional properties of membrane proteins. Here I present my personal "reflections" on how our understanding of phospholipid functions has evolved.
"Organizational Culture, Cultural Intelligence, & Transformational Leadership: Performance Impacts"

The purpose of this study is to examine how organizational learning culture, cultural intelligence (CQ), and transformational leadership influence in-role job performance. A total of 746 responses ...
Abstract P1-06-05: Clinical practice and mortality in patients with oncotype DX intermediate score: What do we know about the gray zone?

BACKGROUND: The 21 gene expression signature Oncotype DX (ODX) is a powerful predictor of disease outcome in early stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer. ODX can be used for better risk stratification of patients who may benefit from chemotherapy. ODX testing increases confidence in treatment decisions especially when ODX recurrence score (RS) is low or high. However, for the intermediate RS, decisions on receiving chemotherapy or not is a joint decision made by the physician and patient, in part because results from the TAILORx and RxPONDER randomized clinical trials addressing this very important clinical question has yet to be published. OBJECTIVE : To examine “real world” oncology practice and survival outcome for breast cancer patients with ODX RS score in the intermediate range. METHODS : A retrospective cohort of women diagnosed with early stage, hormone receptor positive breast cancer whose ODX score was in the intermediate range was established using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), 2009-2013. We assessed the relationship of overall survival with chemotherapy receipt and RS score using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for patient characteristics, including age, race/ethnicity, grade, year of diagnosis, Charlson Co-morbidity Index, lymphovascular invasion, nodal involvement, tumor size, and histology. Intermediate RS score was analyzed as both continuous variable and categorical variables (18-20, 21-23, 24-26, and 27-30). RESULTS : Of 24,945 females reported to have intermediate ODX score, 10,179 (41.4%) received chemotherapy. Receipt of chemotherapy depended on ODX score monotonically, ranging from 19.1% in patients with RS = 19 to 76.1% in patients with RS = 30. In total, 426 patients have died from all causes. Overall, chemotherapy receipt was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio=0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.96, p=0.02) in multivariable Cox model. RS score was statistically positively associated with increased risk of death, with one unit increment in RS corresponding to 6.2% increased mortality risk (95% CI 3.2%- 9.2%, p CONCLUSION : Our analysis revealed the ODX score in the intermediate range still has prognostic value for overall survival especially for young-onset breast cancer patients, which is independent of other clinopathologic factors. As we eagerly await results from randomized clinical trials, young women with intermediate RS should be counseled to consider more aggressive treatment including chemotherapy, ovarian function suppression or participation in ongoing clinical trials of CDK inhibitors to improve overall survival outcomes. Citation Format: Ibraheem AF, Press D, Dezheng H, Olopade F. Clinical practice and mortality in patients with oncotype DX intermediate score: What do we know about the gray zone? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-05.
Not All Civic Action Is Equal: Two Forms of Civic Associations and Their Disparate Effects on Poverty and Poverty Segregation:

This study specifies the relationship between civic associations and their effects on communities by analyzing how two forms of civic association—neighborhood development organizations and institut...
The Effects of Oriental Bittersweet on Native Trees in a New England Floodplain

Abstract Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental Bittersweet) is an invasive liana that can negatively affect native forests. Infested trees suffer trunk failures, and subsequent alterations in the surrounding forest's natural successional trajectory frequently occur. We used a dendroecological approach to investigate the effects of Oriental Bittersweet on the growth of Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth Aspen) and Quercus rubra (Red Oak) in Chicopee, MA. We hypothesized that trees infested with Bittersweet would have reduced growth in comparison to uninfested trees. We sampled 136 trees that were infested or uninfested with Oriental Bittersweet and took cross sections of the liana stems to pinpoint the liana's date of establishment. We found that Oriental Bittersweet had an abrupt negative effect on tree growth after 14 years of infestation, suggesting that a physical disturbance was likely a causal factor.
Approach to Diagnosis

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disease which is characteristically responsive to steroid treatment. Its clinical presentation mimics that of pancreatic cancer which is far more common than AIP. The price of misdiagnosis is heavy as AIP mistaken for pancreatic cancer leads to major pancreatic surgery. Similarly, pancreatic cancer misdiagnosed as AIP leads to delay in diagnosis and possible progression of cancer while receiving steroid therapy. Recently, international consensus diagnostic criteria have been formulated for the diagnosis of AIP and to distinguish it from pancreatic cancer. These criteria utilize a combination of histology, pancreatic imaging features, evidence of extrapancreatic manifestations, IgG4 serology, and response to steroid treatment. Histological confirmation of AIP is difficult preoperatively; however, noninvasive diagnosis of AIP can be made in about 50 % of patients based on radiological and serological features. In a select group of patients with specific features, a diagnostic steroid trial is appropriate. About 20 % of patients do not have any evidence of extrapancreatic organ involvement or IgG4 serum elevation; in these patients, histological confirmation is required to definitively diagnose AIP.
On sample-based computations of invariant sets

In this paper, the classical problem of uncovering the maximal invariant set of a (discrete-time) dynamical system is illuminated from a novel perspective, which in particular leads to a novel sample-based computational procedure to compute the invariant set. The mathematical description of these new insights can be formulated in strikingly basic set-theoretic terms, and more importantly, be efficiently realized computationally in terms of different sample-based implementations. We illustrate the simplicity and efficiency of the computational method on three examples with a maximal invariant set that is unstable in both time directions, the classical Henon map, a three-dimensional analogue of the Henon map, and a Van der Pol oscillator.
Neuro-ophthalmologic disorders following concussion.

Abstract Visual symptoms, such as photophobia and blurred vision, are common in patients with concussion. Such symptoms may be accompanied by abnormalities of specific eye movements, such as saccades and convergence, or accommodation deficits. The high frequency of visual involvement in concussion is not surprising, since more than half of the brain's pathways are dedicated to vision and eye movement control. These areas include many that are most vulnerable to head trauma, including the frontal and temporal lobes. Vision and eye movement testing is important at the bedside and on the sidelines of athletic events, where brief performance measures that require eye movements, such as rapid number naming, are reliable and sensitive measures for concussion detection. Tests of vision and eye movements are also being explored clinically to identify and monitor patients with symptoms of both sport- and nonsport-related concussion. Evaluation of vision and eye movements can assist in making important decisions after concussion, including the prognosis for symptom recovery, and to direct further visual rehabilitation as necessary.
Predicting Nielsen Ratings from Pilot Episodes Scripts: A Content Analytical Approach

Textual and content data were extracted from the pilot episode scripts of 183 new, dramatic television series and used to predict the 18-49 demo ratings for the first five episodes of each series’ first season. As expected, the originality of a series’ premise, the track record of success of the its creator(s), and the cognitive complexity of its pilot episode script each explain a statistically significant proportion of the variance in the Nielsen ratings over the first five episodes.
An assessment of NASA’s GMAO MERRA-2 reanalysis surface winds

AbstractThe quality of MERRA-2 surface wind fields was assessed by comparing them with 10 years of measurements from a wide range of surface wind observing platforms. This assessment includes a com...