cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Symptom Burden in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

Objective: Patient report of symptom burden from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is scarce. Symptom burden is the combined impact of symptoms from disease and treatment on daily functioning. We are developing a measure of symptom burden in AML and MDS. The purpose of this interim analysis is to compare the symptom burden of patients with AML and MDS. Methods: Patients with AML or MDS rated the 13 core symptom items, 6 proposed AML/MDS-specific symptom items, and 6 interference items of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory on a 0-10 scale (0 = not present or no interference; 10 = as bad as can be imagined or complete interference). Patient clinical and demographic information was collected from medical records. The symptom burden of AML/MDS was determined and compared using descriptive statistics and t-tests. Results: Mean ages of the 45 AML patients and 48 MDS patients were 62.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 11.3) and 68.5 years (SD = 9.2; p = 0.005), respectively; 61% and 60% (p = not significant), respectively, were male; 76% and 92% (p = 0.043), respectively, were white. The composite mean severity score of the core symptom items was 2.75 (SD = 1.58) and 1.84 (SD = 1.52; p = 0.006), the composite mean of the AML/MDS specific items was 2.51 (SD = 1.87) and 1.49 (1.60; p = 0.005), and the composite mean score of the interference items was 3.96 (SD = 2.72) and 2.81 (SD = 2.69; p = 0.042) for the AML and MDS patients, respectively. The means, ranks, significance of difference in ratings, and prevalence of the individual symptom and interference items for the AML and MDS patients are in Table 1. Cronbach α for all symptom items was 0.94 and for all interference items was 0.92. Conclusions: Patients with AML and MDS experience similar symptoms. However, patients with AML report significantly more severe pain, fatigue, nausea, lack of appetite, dry mouth, vomiting, fever, and headache than patients with MDS. Only prevalence of shortness of breath and diarrhea was higher in MDS patients, but there was no difference in reported mean severity of these symptoms. Except for general activity, rating of symptom interference with daily activities is similar for the two groups. Lack of recognition of symptoms experienced by patients with AML and MDS can lead to inadequate management of symptoms, interfere with patients9 ability to function and enjoy life, and impact the tolerability of and adherence to treatment regimens. Validation of this measure of symptom burden for patients with AML and MDS to allow more accurate and consistent monitoring of symptoms by clinicians and in clinical research is ongoing. * Significant at p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
CS for all, equity, and responsibility

It's been one year since the White House's 2016 announcement about the CS for All, an initiative to provide access to computing education to all K-12 children. 2016 seemed to be a celebration marking a decade of effort by researchers and educators to broaden the participation in computing. Where are we now? We still have plenty to celebrate.Thanks to support from Jan Cuny and the National Science Foundation, the leadership of Lien Diaz at the College Board, and the efforts of thousands of CS researchers, educators, teachers, counselors, schools, parents, and kids, we can celebrate the creation and successful launch of a new course that is designed to promote equity and broader interest in computer science. May 5, 2017 is the first Advanced Placement CS Principles exam, and we anticipate over 30,000 high school students will take it. This is an important step in the right direction --- providing a computer science course that students in every state can someday access.
Key Strategies for Physical Activity Interventions Among Older Women: Process Evaluation of a Clinical Trial:

Purpose:To describe strategies salient to physical activity (PA) initiation and maintenance among older women who participated in a clinical trial that tested a PA intervention.Design:A descriptive...
Women’s Perspectives of Needs Surrounding Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Qualitative Assessment of the Neighborhood Impact of Adverse Birth Outcomes

Objectives African Americans are two times more likely to suffer adverse birth outcomes (i.e., low birth weight, preterm birth, and infant mortality) when compared to all other ethnic groups and this pattern is no different for Douglas County, Nebraska, where the majority of African Americans in Nebraska reside. Our goal was to identify factors, as described by local women, that contribute to adverse birth outcomes in the predominantly African American community of Northeast Douglas County in Omaha, NE, to ensure that these women’s voices were included in the development of interventions to improve their neighborhood’s birth outcomes. The paper describes the results of a qualitative needs assessment of these women which will aid in the design and implementation of neighborhood-based solutions. Methods We brought together a group of women with varying levels of birthing experience, time spent living in the neighborhood, and overall community involvement. Individual in-depth, in person, and telephone interviews were used to collect participants’ perceptions of birth outcomes, neighborhood resources for pregnant women, and neighborhood strengths and weaknesses. Results The needs assessment identified that, although women in this neighborhood have experience with adverse birth outcomes, these experiences are not discussed resulting in a lack of awareness of the wide spread racial disparities in birth outcomes and the efforts and resources to address this public health problem. Conclusions for Practice This study reveals the power of direct conversations with women impacted by adverse birth outcomes, as they must be primary partners in any efforts to improve birth outcomes.
Psychometrics and statistics: two pillars of neuropsychological practice

Psychometrics and statistics are two of the foundational elements of the measurement tools used in neuropsychological practice. It is imperative that clinical neuropsychologists have a firm grasp o...
Mailed intervention to promote sun protection of children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background Sun exposure, especially during childhood, is the most important preventable risk factor for skin cancer, yet few effective interventions to reduce exposure exist. Purpose To test the effectiveness of a partially tailored mailed intervention based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model, delivered in the spring over 3 years to parents and children. Design RCT, with data collection through telephone interviews of parents and skin exams of children at baseline (Summer 2004) and annually (Summer 2005–2007). The control group received no intervention. Setting/participants Families recruited in the Denver CO area, through private pediatric clinics, a large MCO, and community settings. Children born in 1998 were approximately 6 years of age at baseline; 867 children met inclusion criteria; analysis is reported for 677 white, non-Hispanic participants at highest risk for skin cancer. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were parent-reported child sun protection behaviors. Secondary outcomes included parents' risk perception, perceived effectiveness of and barriers to prevention behaviors, stage of change, reported sunburns, and observed tanning and nevus development. The longitudinal mixed-model analysis was conducted between 2008 and 2011. Results The intervention group reported more use of sunscreen, protective clothing, hats, shade-seeking, and midday sun avoidance; fewer sunburns; more awareness of the risk of skin cancer; higher perceived effectiveness of sun protection; higher stage of change; and lower perception of barriers to sun protection (all p p =0.03). No differences were found in tanning or nevi Conclusions The level of behavior change associated with this single-modality intervention is not likely sufficient to reduce skin cancer risk. However, the intervention shows promise for inclusion in longer-term, multicomponent interventions that have sufficient intensity to affect skin cancer incidence. Trial registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01464957.
Approaching the Trans-subjective: How to Do Things with the MMPI

This final chapter draws on the previous one and an engagement with Oren Izenberg’s On Being Numerous to see how Uncreative Writers’ interest in psychological instruments (especially the Rorschach Test and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) allows them to continue the investigation of “the structure of the self before the self’s knowledge of it” that the Language poets announced in the late 1980s. Again, reference to Adorno allows us to see how writers as different as Dan Farrell, Craig Dworkin and Katie Degentesh are involved as much in a utopian inquiry into the possibilities of transsubjectivity as they are in a critique of our own foreshortened understanding of subjectivity as it stands.
Golf Versus Nongolf Club Operations: Benchmarks for 2014

ABSTRACTWith the club industry comprising of different types of clubs, a more in-depth analysis separating clubs with and without golf operations would be beneficial. Financial performance can be s...
Metaanalysis of Mood and Substance Use Disorders in Proximal Risk for Suicide Deaths

Evidence for proximal risk factors for suicide is based on case-control psychological autopsy studies, with these reports showing that mood and substance use disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders among suicide decedents worldwide and are associated with marked risk. However, moderators of risk and the degree of risk associated with (nonalcohol) drug use disorder are unknown. A comprehensive search was used to identify 35 case-control psychological autopsy studies published worldwide over a 30-year period that were metaanalyzed using random effects models. Major depression, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 9.14 (5.53, 15.09), and drug use disorder, OR (95% CI) = 7.18 (3.22, 16.01), had large effect sizes, among other results. Risk estimates associated with major depression were greater in studies with a larger proportion of women and those conducted in Asia compared with other regions. There was no evidence of publication bias or that any one study had a disproportionate impact on findings. Risk for suicide associated with major depression appears to be moderated by sex and/or world region. Drug use disorder is a potent risk factor, illustrating the importance of assessing drug use in clinical risk assessment.
Is a clean river fun for all? Recognizing social vulnerability in watershed planning

Watershed planning can lead to policy innovation and action toward environmental protection. However, groups often suffer from low engagement with communities that experience disparate impacts from flooding and water pollution. This can limit the capacity of watershed efforts to dismantle pernicious forms of social inequality. As a result, the benefits of environmental changes often flow to more empowered residents, short-changing the power of watershed-based planning as a tool to transform ecological, economic, and social relationships. The objectives of this paper are to assess whether the worldview of watershed planning actors are sufficiently attuned to local patterns of social vulnerability and whether locally significant patterns of social vulnerability can be adequately differentiated using conventional data sources. Drawing from 35 in-depth interviews with watershed planners and community stakeholders in the Milwaukee River Basin (WI, USA), we identify five unique definitions of social vulnerability. Watershed planners in our sample articulate a narrower range of social vulnerability definitions than other participants. All five definitions emphasize spatial and demographic characteristics consistent with existing ways of measuring social vulnerability. However, existing measures do not adequately differentiate among the spatio-temporal dynamics used to distinguish definitions. In response, we develop two new social vulnerability measures. The combination of interviews and demographic analyses in this study provides an assessment technique that can help watershed planners (a) understand the limits of their own conceptualization of social vulnerability and (b) acknowledge the importance of place-based vulnerabilities that may otherwise be obscured. We conclude by discussing how our methods can be a useful tool for identifying opportunities to disrupt social vulnerability in a watershed by evaluating how issue frames, outreach messages, and engagement tactics. The approach allows watershed planners to shift their own culture in order to consider socially vulnerable populations comprehensively.
Paying It Forward: The Role of Student Philanthropy Course Activities on Civic Outcomes

This article explores how student philanthropy course activities influence student understanding of philanthropy and the likelihood of engaging in civic activities. Data came from 1,628 students pa...
Therapeutic Love and Its Permutations

Compensatory treatment theory rooted in object relations and self psychology is typically silent about issues of love in the therapeutic relationship, particularly the erotic and sensually infused affects and enactments that may permeate patient-therapist interactions, even in the treatment of preoedipal patients. This paper presents a series of case reports in which the therapist consciously or unconsciously experienced some permutation of love in response to the patient's loving and/or erotic feelings. The central thesis is that patients benefit when therapists recognize the sensual components in transference-countertransference interactions and use them to inform therapeutic interventions.
Relation of cholesterol-stimulated Staphylococcus aureus growth to chronic blepharitis

PURPOSE Many types of chronic blepharitis have been believed to be primarily microbial in origin; however, it was proposed that differences and changes in lipid composition of meibomian secretion may be the initiating factor in some of these. It was recently reported that there are two subgroups of normals, those whose meibomian secretions contain high levels of cholesterol esters and those whose secretions contain very low levels of these esters. Thus, these subgroups of normals were defined on the basis of detailed lipid analyses of meibomian secretions from individuals showing no clinical signs of chronic blepharitis. All secretions from patients in the various disease groups contain high levels of these esters. Based on previous observations that in some chronic blepharitis disease groups certain Staphylococcus species were capable of hydrolyzing cholesterol esters, the authors tested the hypothesis that the resulting cholesterol might affect growth of Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Staphylococcus aureus growth stimulation in Mueller-Hinton broth by cholesterol was determined by colony forming units. Growth stimulation by cholesterol and other additives was also determined by the optical density 650 nm method. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance and the Student's t test. RESULTS Cholesterol stimulated Staphylococcus aureus growth was significant during the first 24 hr period (20% increase at 25 microM cholesterol, P < 0.02), and for the total 48 hr period (40% increase at 400 microM cholesterol, P < 0.005) when compared to the respective control. Growth stimulation, determined by OD at 650 nm, in the presence of cholesterol was significantly greater (P < 0.02) than that in the presence of either sitosterol or cholestanol when the sterol concentration was 190 microM. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the presence and hydrolysis of cholesterol esters of meibomian secretions may contribute to the proliferation of Staphylococcus spp, especially Staphylococcus aureus, observed in some chronic blepharitis disease groups.
Perceptions of Play Therapy in Taiwan: The Voices of School Counselors and Counselor Educators

The current status of play therapy in the elementary schools of Taiwan was investigated in relation to its compatibility with Chinese culture and its potential for wider societal adoption. Seven participants, four counselor educators and three elementary school counselors, in West Taiwan participated in this phenomenological qualitative inquiry. Seven assertions emerged from the interviewing data, implying that the potential for adopting play therapy in Taiwanese school counseling is embedded in the society. However, there are insufficient facilities and a lack of play therapy resources. Further investigation of the infrastructure in school counseling is necessary. Suggestions for practice and research regarding the development of play therapy and child counseling are presented.
Predicting nutrient content of ray-finned fishes using phylogenetic information

Human food and nutrition security is dependent on marine ecosystems threatened by overfishing, climate change, and other processes. The consequences on human nutritional status are uncertain, in part because current methods of analyzing fish nutrient content are expensive. Here, we evaluate the possibility of predicting nutrient content of ray-finned fishes using existing phylogenetic and life history information. We focus on nutrients for which fish are important sources: protein, total fat, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. Our results show that life history traits are weak predictors of species nutrient content, but phylogenetic relatedness is associated with similar nutrient profiles. Further, we develop a method for predicting the nutrient content of 7500+ species based on phylogenetic relationships to species with known nutrient content. Our approach is a cost-effective means for estimating potential changes in human nutrient intake associated with altered access to ray-finned fishes.
Interpreting and Reinterpreting Sacred Ridge: Placing Extreme Processing in a Larger Context

Assemblages consisting of fragmented, cut, and burned human bone in the prehistoric Southwest have a long history of both analysis and controversy. How do we interpret violence and destruction of t...
Cordon control with spatially-varying metering rates: A Reinforcement Learning approach

Abstract The work explores how Reinforcement Learning can be used to re-time traffic signals around cordoned neighborhoods. An RL-based controller is developed by representing traffic states as graph-structured data and customizing corresponding neural network architectures to handle those data. The customizations enable the controller to: (i) model neighborhood-wide traffic based on directed-graph representations; (ii) use the representations to identify patterns in real-time traffic measurements; and (iii) capture those patterns to a spatial representation needed for selecting optimal cordon-metering rates. Input to the selection process also includes a total inflow to be admitted through a cordon. The rate is optimized in a separate process that is not part of the present work. Our RL-controller distributes that separately-optimized rate across the signalized street links that feed traffic through the cordon. The resulting metering rates vary from one feeder link to the next. The selection process can reoccur at short time intervals in response to changing traffic patterns. Once trained on a few cordons, the RL-controller can be deployed on cordons elsewhere in a city without additional training. This portability feature is confirmed via simulations of traffic on an idealized street network. The tests also indicate that the controller can reduce the network’s vehicle hours traveled well beyond what can be achieved via spatially-uniform cordon metering. The extra reductions in VHT are found to grow larger when traffic exhibits greater in-homogeneities over the network.
Yelp Food Identification via Image Feature Extraction and Classification.

Yelp has been one of the most popular local service search engine in US since 2004. It is powered by crowd-sourced text reviews and photo reviews. Restaurant customers and business owners upload photo images to Yelp, including reviewing or advertising either food, drinks, or inside and outside decorations. It is obviously not so effective that labels for food photos rely on human editors, which is an issue should be addressed by innovative machine learning approaches. In this paper, we present a simple but effective approach which can identify up to ten kinds of food via raw photos from the challenge dataset. We use 1) image pre-processing techniques, including filtering and image augmentation, 2) feature extraction via convolutional neural networks (CNN), and 3) three ways of classification algorithms. Then, we illustrate the classification accuracy by tuning parameters for augmentations, CNN, and classification. Our experimental results show this simple but effective approach to identify up to 10 food types from images.
Using Real Data from the Kepler Mission to Find Potentially Habitable Planets: An Introductory Astronomy Exercise

A primary goal of general education introductory astronomy courses often is to provide students with examples of how science is actually done. Low to nonexistent mathematical prerequisites in some courses can make useful exercises difficult to find, and sometimes very difficult for students, especially if the exercises feature quantitative components. What follows describes an attempt to meet this goal through the use of actual exoplanet data, available online, from the NASA Kepler Mission. The exercise described guides the students through an aspect of scientific investigation that they may otherwise not experience, the handling and analysis of a large set of actual scientific data.
Constraint-Based Astronometric Modeling Tools

Self-consistent estimation of three-dimensional structures is a challenging task in the analysis of astronomical data, which is predominantly two-dimensional. Obtaining explicit and scientifically justifiable spatial models is also an essential task for visualization scientists working with astronomers to develop comprehensive simulations of complex astrophysical structures and phenomena.
Fumbled Call: The Bear Bryant-Wally Butts Football Scandal That Split the Supreme Court and Changed American Libel Law

A tense, legal battle in Atlanta, pitting two revered Southern football coaches against a New York City publishing company seeking to tarnish the image of two gridiron heroes. Sounds like a good st...
Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions Between Opioids and Overdosed Benzodiazepines Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling and Simulation.

Researchers have long been interested in the potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between opioids and benzodiazepines. However, much remains unknown concerning the interactions between these two drug classes. The objective of this work is to study the mechanism underlying the DDIs between opioids and benzodiazepines from the perspective of their pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions. A PK interaction occurs when two drugs are metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 enzymes and is one of the most common reasons for DDIs. We quantitatively predicted the DDIs between three opioids (fentanyl, oxycodone and buprenorphine) and four benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, midazolam and triazolam) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach. A set of PBPK models was first constructed for these common opioids and benzodiazepines using SimCYP software, and the DDIs between them were then explored at various dosages. Our simulation results suggested there were no PK interactions between normal doses of opioids and benzodiazepines; but weak interactions can be expected with the combination of opioids and overdosed benzodiazepines. Particular attention should be given to the combination of fentanyl and overdosed alprazolam since a PK interaction can be observed between them. Our results appear to indicate that pharmacodynamics may play a more important role than PKs in causing DDIs between opioids and benzodiazepines. This study also demonstrated that molecular modeling can be a very useful tool to mitigate the problem of “missing metabolic reaction parameters” in PK modeling and simulation.
Intraoperative Plasma Transfusion Volumes and Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery.

Objective Assess outcomes after intraoperative plasma transfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Design Retrospective study of adult cardiac surgical between 2011 and 2015. Relationships between plasma transfusion volume, coagulation test values, and a primary outcome of early postoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were assessed via multivariable regression analyses. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, intensive care unit and hospital-free days, intraoperative RBCs, estimated blood loss, and reoperation for bleeding. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Participants A total of 1,794 patients received intraoperative plasma transfusions during the study period. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Higher plasma transfusion volumes were associated with worse clinical outcomes, with each 1-unit increase being associated with greater odds for postoperative RBCs [odds ratio (OR) 1.12 (confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.20); p = 0.002], intraoperative [OR 1.85 (CI 1.69-2.03); p Conclusions In patients undergoing cardiac surgery who received intraoperative plasma transfusion, higher plasma transfusion volumes were associated with inferior clinical outcomes. Higher pretransfusion INR values also were associated with worse outcomes; however, those achieving a greater degree of INR correction after plasma transfusion demonstrated more favorable outcomes. Prospective studies related to plasma transfusion are needed to address this important topic.
The Obesity Paradox: Obese Patients with HFpEF and HFrEF are Equally at Higher Risk of Readmission

Background The term Obesity Paradox is used to describe the consistent finding that obese patients with HF have a lower mortality rate than patients with HF at normal body-mass indexes (BMI). However, the impact obesity has on HFpEF versus HFrEF re-hospitalization risks following an index HF hospitalization is unknown. Objective We hypothesize that increasing obesity, quantified by BMI, will increase the rate of 30-day all cause hospital readmissions following an index HF hospitalization compared to the normal BMI range in both HFpEF and HFrEF. Methods We analyzed all patients (n - 2252) age greater than 65 years or older with Centers of Medicare Services (CMS) benefits and a primary discharge diagnosis of HF from an academic medical center who were included in the hospital CMS Hospital Readmission Reduction Program report over a 8-year period (July 2009 - June 2017). We classified obesity using BMI according to the World Health Organization: Underweight (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2), Normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), Overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), Class I Obesity (30.0-34.9 kg/m2), Class II Obesity (35.0-39.9 kg/m2), and Morbid Obesity (greater than 40.0 kg/m2). We classified HFpEF (LVEF greater than 50%) and HFrEF (LVEF less than 40%). The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause readmission to any hospital after a HF admission. Mortality was assessed using the CMS in hospital Quality Reports IQRs and the medical center's electronic medical records. Readmission reasons were classified by primary discharge diagnosis using Clinical Classification Software from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Results Morbid Obese were more likely to be readmitted in both HFpEF (22.7%) and HFrEF (24.4%) cohorts than Normal in either, 19.3% and 18.8% respectively. The Obesity Paradox prevails in the overall cohort: mortality rate is lower (5%) and readmission rate is higher (23%) in Overweight/Obese than the Normal (8.5% and 19% respectively) groups. Regarding LVEF subgroups, Overweight/Obese patients of HFrEF had significant higher readmission rate (24.6%) and mortality rate (6.4%) than Normal peers (P less than 0.05). Yet the HFpEF the Overweight/Obese patients had similar readmission and mortality as the Normal peers.Mortality was lower in Morbid Obese in both HFpEF (3.4%) and HFrEF (6.7%) cohorts then in Normal in either, 8.1% and 10% respectively. Conclusions In contrast to the general paradoxical effects on mortality and readmission, elevated BMI with HFrEF increased the rate of re-hospitalization within 30 days of a HF admission and decreased the mortality in the same time window compared to the normal BMI group. No such paradox exists when elevated BMI of HFpEF patients is compared to their Normal peers.
COVID-19 and Headache Medicine: A Narrative Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Corticosteroid Use.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current literature on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and corticosteroid use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, recognizing that these are commonly used treatments in the field of headache medicine. BACKGROUND: The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a controversial topic within the medical community and international and national health organizations. Lay press and social media outlets have circulated opinions on this topic despite the fact that the evidence for or against the use of these medications is sparse. In the field of headache medicine, these medications are used commonly and both patients and clinicians may have questions or hesitations pertaining to their use during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A detailed search of the scientific and popular literature was performed. RESULTS: There is limited literature pertaining to the safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids during the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, there are no clear scientific data that preclude the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the general population who may acquire COVID-19 or in those acutely infected with the virus. Several health organizations have concluded that treatment with corticosteroids during active infection should be avoided due to concerns of prolonged viral shedding in the respiratory tract and the lack of survival benefit based on the data from past coronaviruses and influenza virus; specific exceptions exist including treatment for underlying asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, septic shock, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION: Scientific information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic is constantly evolving, and limited or contradictory information can lead to confusion for both patients and clinicians. It is recommended that prior to prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroids for the treatment of headache, clinicians have open discussions with their patients about the potential risks and benefits of using these medications during the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript summarizes the currently available evidence and understanding about these risks and benefits to help clinicians navigate such discussions.
Perspective taking reduces group biases in sensorimotor resonance

Abstract Similar neural circuits are activated during action and the observation of action and such sensorimotor resonance is said to support action understanding and empathy. Previous research, however, shows that group biases can restrict sensorimotor resonance to the social ingroup. Here we test whether an empathic mindset can alleviate such group biases in sensorimotor resonance. Participants adopted either an objective mindset or a perspective taking mindset while writing about a day in the life of a racial outgroup member. Participants in an objective mindset resonated with ingroup members, indicated by significant suppression of the 8–13 Hz electroencephalographic (EEG) mu-rhythm recorded over sensorimotor areas during action observation compared to baseline, but did not show significant mu-suppression in response to outgroup members. In contrast, participants in a perspective taking mindset resonated with both ingroup and outgroup members and significantly more so with outgroup members. Moreover, mindset uniquely affected resonance in response to outgroup members but not in response to ingroup members, with participants who previously took the perspective of an outgroup member later responding with more resonance to the actions of other outgroup members. Together these findings suggest that taking the perspective of a racial outgroup member can reduce group biases in sensorimotor resonance, potentially fostering an intuitive understanding across groups.
Long-term use of non-invasive sampling methods: does successful sampling of brown bears by hair snares and camera traps change over time?

Abstract Context Non-invasive sampling methods are widely used by ecologists to collect animal hair, images, tissue or signs. Sampling devices are imperfect, and collection success may vary over time owing to behavioural changes in study organisms or other factors. If collection success decreases, the utility of non-invasive sampling devices for longitudinal studies that rely on consistency may be compromised. Aims Our primary objectives were to evaluate whether collection success of brown bear (Ursus arctos) hair by using hair snares and camera traps changed over time, and whether hair- and image-collection success was influenced by bear activity around the sampling site. Methods We paired non-invasive sampling by hair snares with motion-activated cameras at six streams in Alaska over 4–6 years, so as to evaluate how often brown bears left samples on wires or were photographed by cameras, and whether this sampling success changed over time. Changes in sampling success were evaluated in the context of bear activity per sampling period as determined by camera data (number of bear–wire encounters) or hair snare (number of barbs with hair); genetic analyses allowed us to evaluate whether the same bears were sampled repeatedly. Key results Overall, hair was collected in 78% and images in 73% of 2-day sampling periods when bears visited sites, and we observed no substantial change in the probability of successful sampling over time at 11 sites. The number of bear–wire encounters was positively correlated with the number of hair samples collected, as would be expected if sampling rates remained constant over time, and individual bears with previous wire experience were sampled in multiple years. Conclusions Overall, the results indicated that sampling success by using hair snare and camera trap showed substantial interannual variability, but changes over time were not consistently identified across sites. Among-site variation in sampling success highlighted the importance of accounting for site-specific differences in sampling success, and neither method sampled unfailingly. Implications Sampling by wires and cameras remained effective over time, suggesting that these non-invasive sampling methods may be successfully employed in long-term studies.
Characterizing Clostridioides difficile infections and hospital exposures in California using surveillance and administrative data, 2014-2015.

Objective: To evaluate a method to identify hospitals contributing to Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) at subsequent hospitalizations. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: We merged 2014–2015 National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) inpatient CDI laboratory-identified events with hospital patient discharge data. For patients with incident community-onset CDI (CO CDI), we identified immediately preceding admissions (within 12 weeks) unrelated to CDI at different (exposure) hospitals. We calculated an exposure rate, and we selected hospitals with the highest (90th–100th percentile) rates by hospital type and compared these rates with reported standardized infection ratios (SIR) for CDI. Results: We successfully matched 44,691 of 58,842 NHSN CDI records (76.0%) with a hospital discharge record. Among 36,215 unique matched records, 5,234 (14.5%) had an admission not related to CDI within 12 weeks prior to an incident CO CDI event, and 1,574 of these admissions (30.1%) occurred in a different hospital. For 33 hospitals with an exposure ranking within the 90th–100th percentile, CDI SIRs for 22 (66.7%) were not significantly different; 3 (9.1%) were lower; and 8 (24.2%) were higher than the national baseline. Also, 12 (36.4%) had an SIR ≤1.0. Conclusions: The identification of high-ranked exposure hospitals presents an alternative to SIR for measuring the contribution of hospitals to the CDI burden across the continuum of care. Further exploration of the potential factors leading to high exposure rank, such as antibiotic use and infection control practices, is indicated and may inform CDI prevention outreach to healthcare facilities and provider networks in California and elsewhere.
Decolonizing Nature: The Potential of Nature to Heal

In moving across the chapters, we added layers to the analysis, increasing the complexity brought together in Chap. 7. Chapter 8 incorporates and highlights the key concerns identified across the book. As this chapter took form, the interconnection was underscored by the coronavirus pandemic that is influencing the entire world. The pandemic accentuates the relationship across human health, rising inequality and oppression, and the health of the natural world. The slaughter of stressed wild animals sold at crowded markets brought this coronavirus to humans. As the virus now chases humans from public space, nature shows small signs of healing. In our exploration, we follow the historical context of colonization based on white supremacy patriarchy down the path to structural violence and oppression, ecological degradation, famine, and war. We then examine the present impacts of injustice on humans and nature, exploring efforts to decolonize both nature and oppressed peoples. Finally, we look to the future and ask what lessons this pause taught us and how might we change the path forward.
Physical Activity, Stress, and Physically Active Stress Management Behaviors Among University Students With Overweight/Obesity:

Student physical activity is associated with lower stress. Research gaps remain regarding the types of stress management behaviors students use and how these behaviors are associated with students’...
Factors Governing Segmentation Crack Characteristics in Air Plasma Sprayed Ceramics

Abstract Air Plasma Spray (APS) is an industrially popular coating technique implemented in vast domains of applications. Among the inherent defects in an APS coating, segmentation cracks have been recognized to enhance the strain tolerance and durability of thermal barrier coatings. However, segmented coatings also exhibit higher thermal conductivity and are susceptible external debris infiltration. Hence, to optimize the coating properties, it is necessary to have processing control over the incorporation of such segmentation cracks. In this study, segmentation characteristics (thickness to cracking and crack spacing) of multiple Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and Gadolinium Zirconate (GZO) coatings were analyzed. The correlations between the processing parameters and the mechanical properties of the coatings were identified, and the cumulative effect of such variations on the segmentation characteristics were observed. In addition, the experimental observations were reconciled with fracture theories in thin films to provide a comprehensive phenomenological interpretation of segmentation in APS coatings.
The Archaeology of Greek and Roman Troy

1. Troy in the Bronze Age 2. Troy during the Archaic Period 3. The tombs of the Granicus River Valley: the Polyxena sarcophagus 4. The tombs of the Granicus River Valley II: the child's sarcophagus 5. The tombs of the Granicus River Valley III: the Dedetepe tumulus 6. The tombs of the Granicus River Valley IV: the Can sarcophagus 7. Ilion, Athens, and Sigeion during the 5th and 4th centuries BC 8. Ilion in the early Hellenistic period 9. The West Sanctuary during the Hellenistic period 10. Late Hellenistic and early imperial Ilion 11. From the Flavians to the Byzantines 12. The concept of Troy after antiquity.
Lectures on the Energy Critical Nonlinear Wave Equation

The local theory of the Cauchy problem The ``road map'': The concentration compactness/rigidity theorem method for critical problems I The ``road map'': The concentration compactness/rigidity theorem method for critical problems II Properties of compact solutions and some more rigidity theorems, with applications to an extension of Theorem 2.6 Proof of the rigidity theorems Type II blow-up solutions Channels of energy and outer energy lower bounds Universal type II blow-up profiles Soliton resolution for radial solutions to (NLW), I Soliton resolution for radial solutions to (NLW), II Soliton resolution for radial solutions to (NLW), III Bibliography
Role of the Pineal in the Alteration of Hamster Sertoli Cell Responsiveness to FSH during Testicular Regression

Testicular regression was induced in adult hamsters by optic enucleation, short photoperiod, or melatonin injections. The melatonin injected group, while undergoing testicular regression, showed a quite different time course from the optic enucleated and short photoperiod groups. All three methods resulted in the restoration of Sertoli cell responsiveness to FSH in vitro from the adult level to that of Sertoli cells from immature hamsters 18-20 days of age. the melatonin injected group showed a shift in testis weight which resulted in a half maximal restoration of Sertoli cell responsiveness to FSH compared to the other groups. This restoration of Sertoli cell responsiveness to FSH was blocked by pinealectomy. These data indicate that the pineal has a specific (but not necessarily direct) effect on Sertoli cell function. In addition, the effect of melatonin injections is qualitatively but not quantitatively similar to optic enucleation and short photoperiod both with regard to testicular regression and alteration of Sertoli cell response.
The Relation between Expected Return and Beta: A Random Resampling Approach

Theory predicts a certain positive cross-sectional relation between expected return and beta for individual stocks and portfolios. The preferred methodology in the empirical literature involves sorting the available cross-section of stocks into a number portfolios based on characteristics like market capitalization and book-to-market. However, any results obtained in this manner are subject to data snooping biases as well as various general biases in the data that are potentially correlated with the same variables. Moreover, the results do not necessarily carry over to different portfolios formed from the same universe of stocks that investors may hold. This paper proposes a method of randomly resampling portfolios from the population of individual stocks a large number of times to infer general population characteristics about the risk-return relationship, while being subject to few biases. Simulation evidence shows that the proposed procedure performs no worse than cross-sectional regressions based on individual stocks. In contrast to empirical evidence in the literature showing a zero or negative relation between expected return and beta this paper uncovers a positive association stronger than predicted by the CAPM regardless of time period.
FIAT: A Framework for Interprocedural Analysis and Transfomation

The fiat system is a compiler-building tool that enables rapid prototyping of interprocedural analysis and compilation systems. Fiat is a framework because it provides parameterized templates and common drivers to support interprocedural data-flow analysis and procedure cloning. Further, fiat provides the complex underlying support required to collect and manage information about the procedures in the program. Fiat's reliance on system-independent abstractions makes it suitable for use in systems with distinct intermediate code representations and enables sharing of system software across research platforms. Demand-driven analysis maintains a clean separation between interprocedural analysis problems, enabling tools built upon fiat to solve only the data-flow problems of immediate interest. Fiat drives interprocedural optimization in the ParaScope programming tools at Rice University and the SUIF compiler at Stanford University. Fiat has proven to be a valuable aid in development of a large number of interprocedural tools, including a data race detection system, a static performance estimation tool, a distributed-memory compiler for Fortran D, an interactive parallelizing tool and an automatic parallelizer in the SUIF compiler.
Reliability theory applied to software testing

Assessment of the reliability of a software product is a key element in the decision to release the product. As with hardware, a theoretical model and related metrics exist that can be practically applied to estimate the software reliability of a product prior to its release. The methods used to evaluate software reliability for Hewlett Packard terminals are presented in this paper.
Comparative in vivo studies of RNA synthesis in the fetal liver, placenta, and maternal liver.

Abstract A study of simultaneous labeling of fetal liver, placenta, and maternal liver RNA was conducted using 20 day pregnant rats. After injection of a labeled precursor, the RNA was extracted by cold phenol technique and analyzed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. 14 C-orotic acid was incorporated readily into the RNA of all three tissues with te highest radioactivity in the fetal liver RNA followed by the placental RNA; 14 C-uridine, however, was incorporated only into the fetal liver and the placental RNA. The labeled RNA isolated from the placentas of 20 day pregnant rats 12 hours after injection of either 14 C-orotic acid or 14 C-uridine showed an unusually reduced or absent 18S radioactivity peak associated with a normal absorbancy pattern indicating a preferential turnover of the 18S placental RNA synthesized during late gestation.
Inhibition of Coliphage Reproduction after Superinfection of Induced Lysogens

Abstract Brenner, Don J. (University of Washington, Seattle), and Neal B. Groman. Inhibition of coliphage reproduction after superinfection of induced lysogens. J. Bacteriol. 92:1727–1734. 1966.—Purified preparations of phages λ and λ112 inhibited lysis, phage reproduction, and endolysin synthesis by ultraviolet-induced strains of K-12 (λ) and K-12 (λ112). Structural and partial functional integrity of phage was required for inhibition, and the role of phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in inhibition was demonstrated. Both ultraviolet-irradiated and host-modified lysates of λ were inhibitory, suggesting that replication of superinfecting phage DNA was not essential for inhibition. Using various combinations of superinfecting and resident phage, including λ, 434, 434hy, and C-mutant derivatives, we observed that all three C region cistrons played some role in inhibition. Of the three, the C1 cistron was the most critical. With certain phage combinations, inhibition was observed even though the resident and superinfecting phage differed in immune specificity. Both the medium and the method of superinfection determined whether lysis or lysis inhibition would occur. These and other observations with K-12(λ)thy− indicated that many factors influence the outcome of superinfection. The data are compatible with the view that superinfection inhibition is due to the establishment or re-establishment of phage repressor activity, with the result that replication of both superinfecting and resident phage is blocked.