cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Targeting to the Nuclear Pore. What Can We Learn from Plants

Characteristic of eukaryotic cells are the numerous types of membrane-bound organelles or compartments found in the cytoplasm, with each type carrying out an essential function for the cell. The spatial separation of proteins and biochemical pathways typical of the various types of organelles
Desulfovibrio aestuarii, the Causative Agent of Hydrogen Sulfide Spoilage of Fermenting Olive Brines

SUMMARY Desuljovibrio aestuarii was found in concentrations as great as 2 × 106 per ml in fermenting malodorous sulfureted olive brines. Of 268 commercial brine tanks randomly sampled, 46 (17.6%) yielded positive enrichments for D. aestuarii.
Amorphous silicon based radiation detectors

We describe the characteristics of thin(1μm) and thick (>30μm) hydrogenated amorphous silicon p-i-n diodes which are optimized for detecting and recording the spatial distribution of charged particles, x-rays and γ rays. For x-ray, γ ray, and charged particle detection we can use thin p-i-n photosensitive diode arrays coupled to evaporated layers of suitable scintillators. For direct detection of charged particles with high resistance to radiation damage, we use the thick p-i-n diode arrays.
Market Driven Public Institutions Attract Resources

The article is an empirical presentation of a study about the changes in marketing orientation and the simultaneous changes in the organizational resources of the public sector institu- tions. The present report is the part of a major project undertaken to: (a) study the extent to which marketing orientation has become the driving force in the institutions of higher education, (b) identify the structural characteristics which either hinder or facilitate the adop- tion of a marketing orientation, and (c) test the central hypothesis that the results of improved marketing orientation would be visible on the acquisition and the management of institutional resources. The research is based on an indepth case study approach whereby 81 administrators from 24 institutions were contacted through per- sonal interviews. Statistical analysis performed indicates that the adoption of marketing orientation has gained a significant momen- tum in public institutions over the five year period of investigation. The results c...
Left ventricular function by echocardiography correlates poorly with cardiac MRI measures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy (CM). Current recommendations are for annual left ventricular (LV) function assessment after age 10 years. Although echocardiographic image quality in DMD patients can be affected by scoliosis and adipose tissue, recent reviews recommend echocardiography as the standard imaging modality. We hypothesized that objective and subjective LV functional assessment by echocardiography in DMD is suboptimal compared to cardiac MRI (CMR).
Stalking the Wild Crustacean: the Significance of Sessile and Stalked Eyes in Phylogeny

ABSTRACT Arguments are given in support of the hypothesis that in the Crustacea stalked eyes are derived from sessile eyes, but sessile eyes are not derived from stalked eyes.
Atmospheric chemistry of dimethyl phosphonate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, and dimethyl ethylphosphonate.

Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals and NO 3 radicals with dimethyl phosphonate [DMHP, (CH 3 O) 2 P-(O)H], dimethyl methylphosphonate [DMMP, (CH 3 O) 2 P(O)CH 3 ], and dimethyl ethylphosphonate [DMEP, (CH 3 O) 2 P(O)C 2 H 5 ] have been measured at 296 ′ 2 K and atmospheric pressure using relative rate methods. The rate constants obtained for the OH radical reactions (in units of 10 - 1 2 cm 3 molecule - 1 s - 1 ) were as follows: DMHP, 4.83 ′ 0.25; DMMP, 10.4 ′ 0.6; and DMEP, 17.0 ′ 1.0, with a deuterium isotope effect of k(OH + DMMP)/k(OH + DMMP-d 9 ) = 4.8 ′ 1.2. The rate constants obtained for the NO 3 radical reactions (in units of 10 - 1 6 cm 3 molecule - 1 s - 1 ) were as follows: DMHP, <1.4; DMMP, 2.0 ′ 1.0; and DMEP, 3.4 ′ 1.4. Upper limits to the rate constants for the O 3 reactions of <8 x 10 - 2 0 cm 3 molecule - 1 s - 1 for DMHP and <6 x 10 - 2 0 cm 3 molecule - 1 s - 1 for DMMP and DMEP were determined. Products of the reactions of OH radicals with DMHP, DMMP, and DMEP were investigated in situ using atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and, for the DMMP and DMEP reactions, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. API-MS analyses showed the formation of products of molecular weight 96 and 126, attributed to CH 3 OP(O)(H)OH and (CH 3 O) 2 P(O)OH, respectively, from DMHP; of molecular weight 110, attributed to CH 3 OP(O)(CH 3 )OH, from DMMP; and of molecular weight 124 and 126, attributed to CH 3 OP(O)(C 2 H 5 )OH and (CH 3 O) 2 P(O)OH, respectively, from DMEP. FT-IR analyses showed formation (values given are % molar yields) of the following: from DMMP, CO, 54 ′ 6; CO 2 , 5 ′ 1 in dry air; HCHO, 3.9 ′ 0.7; HC(O)OH, <1.4 in dry air; RONO 2 , ∼4; and formate ester, ∼8; and from DMEP, CO, 50 ′ 7; CO 2 , 11 ′ 4; CH 3 CHO, 18 ′ 8; HCHO, <7; HC(O)OH, <6; RONO 2 , ≤5; and formate ester, 5.0 ′ 1.5. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Defective TNF-α-Induced Apoptosis in STAT1-Null Cells Due to Low Constitutive Levels of Caspases

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) enhance transcription of specific genes in response to cytokines and growth factors. STAT1 is also required for efficient constitutive expression of the caspases Ice, Cpp32, and Ich-1 in human fibroblasts. As a consequence, STAT1-null cells are resistant to apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Reintroduction of STAT1α restored both TNF-α–induced apoptosis and the expression of Ice, Cpp32, and Ich-1. Variant STAT1 proteins carrying point mutations that inactivate domains required for STAT dimer formation nevertheless restored protease expression and sensitivity to apoptosis, indicating that the functions of STAT1 required for these activities are different from those that mediate induced gene expression.
Poor Sleep Quality and Functional Decline in Older Women

Objectives To determine whether objectively measured sleep quality predicts 5-year incident instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) impairment and decline in grip strength and gait speed in older women. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Participants' homes, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures sites. Participants Eight hundred seventeen women with a mean age of 82.4 at baseline. Measurements Participants completed 4.1 ± 0.7 nights of wrist actigraphy at baseline and measures of IADL impairment, grip strength, and gait speed at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Results After 5 years of follow-up, approximately 41% of participants had incident impairment in one or more IADLs. The quartile of women with the shortest total sleep time (TST) had 93% greater odds of incident IADL impairment than the longest sleepers (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25–2.97). Similarly, the quartile of women with the lowest sleep efficiency (SE) had 65% greater odds of impairment than those with the highest (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.06–2.57). Women in the shortest TST quartile had twice the odds of declining grip strength as those with the longest TST (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.17–3.32). Finally, women in the quartiles with the most wake after sleep onset (WASO) and the lowest SE had approximately 90% greater odds of grip strength decline than those with the least WASO (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.11–3.24) and SE (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.12–3.29). Conclusion Findings indicate that shorter sleep duration, greater WASO, and lower SE are risk factors for functional or physical decline in older women.
Land values and the 1957 comprehensive amendment to the Chicago zoning ordinance

In 1957 Chicago enacted a Comprehensive Amendment to the Chicago Zoning Ordiance of 1923. In contrast to the hierarchical zoning of the 1923 ordinance, the 1957 ordinance made each zoning category exclusive and mandated the removal of non-conforming uses. This study examines land parcels at the borders between residential and non-residential (commercial or manufacturing) zones, and finds that land values in non-residential zones enjoyed a one-time jump in growth over the time-period 1955—58 during which the 1957 ordinance was adopted. No significant change is detected in land value growth in residential zones. These results suggest that non-residential landowners valued the insurance that the 1957 ordinance provided against mixed land uses more than the value of the option to change land use that was terminated.
What is public about public space: The case of Visakhapatnam, India

Abstract What constructs are used to characterize public space? This paper analyzes residents’ perceptions of public space, using data from Visakhapatnam (usually referred to as “Vizag”), India—a city of 1.3 million people on the Bay of Bengal. Extensive interviews, 37 in number, were conducted, using composite group sampling. The sample was drawn from all socioeconomic levels of employees, managers, and associates, at a large industrial plant. The interview schedules contained open-ended questions eliciting residents’ perceptions of public space, and their demographics. Qualitative analyses and quantitative tabulations were carried out. Conceptualizing sense of place in terms of the distinguishing features of the urban environment, a comparison was made between the perception of public space in Vizag and in Western developed countries. The research indicates that lower socioeconomic status people have as complex a conception of public space as do those of high socioeconomic status, provided that the interview schedule is designed to elicit these data. Residents differentiated areas by socioeconomic status, and by land use, i.e., industrial, commercial, and residential. Preeminent concerns—with pollution, crowding, health, and religion—represent much of what is psychologically salient about public space in Vizag. These findings are in contrast with the salient characteristics of public space in Western cities, as found by prior research. We believe that these findings have policy implications for urban planners and leaders.
Academic Outcomes in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is often associated with intellectual, developmental, and academic late effects related to the diagnosis itself and treatment. This literature review examines what is currently understood about these intellectual and academic deficits. It appears that children with CHD, and particularly those with cyanotic CHD, are at risk for significant impairments in visual spatial skills, visual motor skills, and overall processing speed. Early neurocognitive interventions, especially with younger children, may prove beneficial for remediating some of these deficits.
Radiopharmaceutical preparation of a monoclonal antibody, lym‐1, and its F(ab')2 fragment for imaging lymphoma with In‐111

(S)-4-[2,3 bis[bis(carboxymethylamino)]propyl]phenyl isothio-cyanate (CITC) was used to attach In-111 to an intact monoclonal antibody (Lym-1) or its fragment F(ab')2 to produce two new radiopharmaceuticals. Immunoreactivity of the Lym-1, specific for B cell lymphoma, was not affected by the coupling reaction for 1.0 and 4.3 CITC molecules per whole antibody and 3.0 CITC molecules per F(ab')2 fragment. Both retained in excess of 90% immunoreactivity even at the level of 25 mCi of In-111 per mg of Lym-1 and 15 mCi per mg F(Ab')2. The labeling reaction produced yields in excess of 98% eliminating the requirement for routine purification of the final radiopharmaceutical.
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 regulates astrocyte responses to neural injury: implications for reactive astrogliosis and neurodegeneration

Reactive astrogliosis is a ubiquitous but poorly understood hallmark of central nervous system pathologies such as trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies have identified proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as mediators of astrogliosis during injury and disease; however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identify astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), a human immunodeficiency virus 1 or tumor necrosis factor α-inducible oncogene, as a novel modulator of reactive astrogliosis. AEG-1 has engendered tremendous interest in the field of cancer research as a therapeutic target for aggressive tumors. However, little is known of its role in astrocytes and astrocyte-mediated diseases. Based on its oncogenic role in several cancers, here we investigate the AEG-1-mediated regulation of astrocyte migration and proliferation during reactive astrogliosis. An in vivo brain injury mouse model was utilized to show AEG-1 induction following reactive astrogliosis. In vitro wound healing and cell migration assays following AEG-1 knockdown were performed to analyze the role of AEG-1 in astrocyte migration. AEG-1-mediated regulation of astrocyte proliferation was assayed by quantifying the levels of cell proliferation markers, Ki67 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen, using immunocytochemistry. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate nucleolar localization of AEG-1 in cultured astrocytes following injury. The in vivo mouse model for brain injury showed reactive astrocytes with increased glial fibrillary acidic protein and AEG-1 colocalization at the wound site. AEG-1 knockdown in cultured human astrocytes significantly reduced astrocyte migration into the wound site and cell proliferation. Confocal analysis showed colocalization of AEG-1 to the nucleolus of injured cultured human astrocytes. The present findings report for the first time the novel role of AEG-1 in mediating reactive astrogliosis and in regulating astrocyte responses to injury. We also report the nucleolar localization of AEG-1 in human astrocytes in response to injury. Future studies may be directed towards elucidating the molecular mechanism of AEG-1 action in astrocytes during reactive astrogliosis.
Spillover effects of marital conflict: In search of parenting and coparenting mechanisms

Marital hostility is linked to the father's rejecting parenting, which predicts children's aggressive peer play; the husband's emotional withdrawal from the marriage is linked to the mother's rejecting parenting, which predicts children's internalizing behavior. Deficits in children's behavioral and physiological regulation of emotion are one mechanism by which the father's rejection is associated with aggressive peer relations.
An Accurate Value for the Absorption Coefficient of Silicon at 633 nm.

High-accuracy transmission measurements at an optical wavelength of 633 nm and mechanical measurements of the thickness of a 13-µm thick silicon-crystal film have been used to calculate the absorption and extinction coefficients of silicon at 633 nm. The results are 3105±62 cm-1 and 0.01564±0.00031, respectively. These results are about 15% less than current handbook data for the same quantities, but are in good agreement with a recent fit to one set of data described in the literature.
Effects of Immigration Enforcement Legislation on Hispanic Pediatric Patient Visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department

Objective. To compare the visits by Hispanic patients to the pediatric emergency department (PED) before and after passage of Georgia House Bill 87 (HB87). This bill grants local law enforcement the authority to enforce immigration laws. Methods. A retrospective chart review of all Hispanic patients who presented to the PED in a 4-month period after implementation of HB87 in 2011 was conducted and compared with the same period in 2009 and 2010. Data compared included patient acuity score, disposition, payer status, and demographics. Results. Fewer Hispanic patients presented to the ED after passage of the bill (18.3% vs 17.1%, P < .01), more patients were high acuity, and more patients were admitted to the hospital. Conclusion. The Hispanic population was the only group to see a decrease in visits and increase in acuity in the post-bill period. These results suggest potential adverse health effects on members of a specific group as a result of immigration legislation.
CORRELATES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN AN ELDERLY COMMUNITY POPULATION

In 1982 and 1983, brief, structured performance tests of selected areas of cognitive function were administered to 3,682 (82.1 per cent) of the residents aged 65 years and older of the geographically defined community of East Boston, Massachusetts, a center of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly program. There was a strong inverse relation between age and performance on all four cognitive tests in analyses adjusted for sex only as well as in those adjusted for the effects of other variables. Similarly, fewer years of formal education, increasing level of disability on the modified Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale, and less prestigious occupations, as measured by the modified Duncan Socioeconomic Index, were each independently related to lower performance on all four tests.
Simulation of human running

We describe algorithms for the control of locomotion of a simulated planar model of a human. The rigid body model has seventeen degrees of freedom and dynamic parameters approximating those given in the literature for humans. The locomotion control algorithms allow the model to run at a variety of speeds. The motion produced by the simulation can be used to produce realistic computer animations and interactive, synthetic actors for virtual environments. These algorithms also provide insight into how robotic mechanisms that resemble the complexity of humans might be controlled. >
Having the Time of Their Life: College Student Stress, Dating and Satisfaction with Life

A cross-sectional design based on the family ecosystem framework was used to examine how students' time spent engaging in social interactions and personal behaviours was related to dating, stress and satisfaction with life. The data were extracted from the Parental Indulgence of Emerging Adults study and consisted of 534 students at a southeastern university. The findings indicated that the amount of time involved in non-verbal social interactions, such as texting and social networking, along with solitary activities, such as watching TV and studying, was negatively related to students' life satisfaction. In comparison, being in a relationship and talking to people on the phone were positively related to students' life satisfaction. These results have implications for family and health professionals along with university wellness centres that facilitate student health by incorporating preventative measures to help students deal with their stress.
Aversion and Attraction through Olfaction

Sensory cues that predict reward or punishment are fundamental drivers of animal behavior. For example, attractive odors of palatable food or a potential mate predict reward, while aversive odors of pathogen-laced food or a predator predict punishment. Aversive and attractive odors can be detected by intermingled sensory neurons that express highly related olfactory receptors and display similar central projections. These findings raise basic questions of how innate odor valence is extracted from olfactory circuits, how such circuits are developmentally endowed and modulated by state, and how innate and learned odor responses are related. Here, we review odors, receptors and neural circuits associated with stimulus valence, discussing salient principles derived from studies on nematodes, insects and vertebrates. Understanding the organization of neural circuitry that mediates odor aversion and attraction will provide key insights into how the brain functions.
Evaluating a hotel GM's performance

Abstract A computer model that matches similar hotels will allow a chain to compare the performance of one general manager to that of another. Doing so will help identify the most efficient operations while providing benchmarks for less-efficient managers to attain.
Esthetic templates for complex restorative cases: rationale and management.

Complex restorative cases require difficult clinical decisions regarding the final esthetic outcome in which the operator must visualize the definitive restorative position of the teeth. These critical decisions need to be made before treatment is rendered. Communicating these decisions to the patient and the treatment team are crucial prior to achieving clinical success. The esthetic template is the conduit for providing excellent communication. The selection of the appropriate esthetic template is based on four sequential decisions: (1) dentofacial analysis, (2) blueprint development, (3) matrix management, and (4) template application. When utiliz- ing an esthetic template, the clinician must know where the teeth should be placed based on a dentofacial analysis. The dentofacial analysis must then be communicated to the laboratory, and then a blueprint is developed from the diagnostic casts. A matrix is then fabricated from the blueprint and then related back to the existing dentition. The esthetic template is an invalu- able communicator that can be utilized in office, with the patient at home, or even within the multidisciplinary treatment team. Clearly, the effective use of esthetic templates demonstrates a reversible way to visualize difficult esthetic decisions before any irreversible procedures are completed. Esthetic templates are a physical means of communication that provide the patient, technician, and multidisciplinary team an instrument to predictably manage complex restorative cases. The purpose of this article is to present a rationale for esthetic template selection and management of several techniques for complex restorative cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Complex restorative cases require difficult clinical decisions regarding the final esthetic outcome in which the operator must visualize the definitive restorative position of the teeth. The use of an esthetic template commensurate with a rationale for selection enables the opera- tor, patient, and entire interdisciplinary team to visualize the final esthetic outcome. (J Esthet Restor Dent 20: 239-250, 2008)
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Participates in Nuclear Factor κB–Mediated Gene Transcription and Cell Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Recent studies using glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts suggest that GSK-3beta positively regulates nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated gene transcription. Because NFkappaB is suggested to participate in cell proliferation and survival pathways in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the role of GSK-3beta in regulating these cellular processes. Herein, we show that pancreatic cancer cells contain a pool of active GSK-3beta and that pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3 kinase activity using small molecule inhibitors or genetic depletion of GSK-3beta by RNA interference leads to decreased cancer cell proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, we show that GSK-3beta influences NFkappaB-mediated gene transcription at a point distal to the Ikappa kinase complex, as only ectopic expression of the NFkappaB subunits p65/p50, but not an Ikappa kinase beta constitutively active mutant, could rescue the decreased cellular proliferation and survival associated with GSK-3beta inhibition. Taken together, our results simultaneously identify a previously unrecognized role for GSK-3beta in cancer cell survival and proliferation and suggest GSK-3beta as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Rapid thermal annealing in the microsecond regime

Summary form only given. Ion implantation damage annealing and dopant activation for ultrashallow junctions have been explored in a new solid-phase regime. The author reports here on the intermediate regime - solid-phase annealing with total heating times of 30-1000 microseconds. Low energy boron, phosphorus and arsenic implanted samples were cycled with peak temperatures up to the single crystal melting point using either a single cycle, or multiple cycles for increased time at temperature. Activation of all three dopants was achieved with minimal diffusion. Defect evolution and annealing time limitations and mechanisms have been investigated by SIMS, TEM, and in-situ probes. Modeling of the thermal history provides quantitative correlation with dopant and defect behaviors. Preliminary device results and these results suggest that this type of annealing can readily achieve the 20 nm ultrashallow junctions required for the 65 nm NTRS node.
Relationships of Abscised Cotton Fruit to Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Feeding, Oviposition, and Development

Abscised cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fruit in field plots planted at different times were examined to assess adult boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), use of squares and bolls during 2002 and 2003 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Although boll abscission is not necessarily related to infestation, generally more bolls abscised than squares and abundances of fallen bolls were not related to the planting date treatments. During 2003, fallen squares were most abundant in the late-planted treatment. Although large squares (5.5–8-mm-diameter) on the plant are preferred for boll weevil oviposition, diameter of abscised squares is not a reliable measurement because of shrinkage resulting from desiccation and larval feeding. Fallen feeding-punctured squares and bolls were most abundant in late plantings but differences between fallen feeding-punctured squares versus fallen feeding-punctured bolls were found in only one treatment in 2003. During the same year, fallen oviposition-punctured squares were more numerous in the late-planted treatment than in the earlier treatments. Treatment effects were not found on numbers of oviposition-punctured bolls, but fallen oviposition-punctured squares were more common than bolls in the late-planted treatment compared with earlier treatments each year. Dead weevil eggs, larvae, and pupae inside fallen fruit were few and planting date treatment effects were not detected. Living third instars and pupae were more abundant in fallen squares of the late-planted treatment than in the earlier treatments and bolls of all three treatments. This study shows that fallen squares in late-planted cotton contribute more to adult boll weevil populations than bolls, or squares of earlier plantings.
A Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Model. Part I. The Atmospheric Circulation

Abstract A joint ocean-atmosphere model covering the entire globe has been constructed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) of NOAA. This model differs from the earlier version of the joint model of Bryan and Manabe both in global domain and inclusion of realistic rather than idealized topography. This part of the paper describes the structure of the atmospheric portion of the joint model and discusses the atmospheric circulation and climate that emerges from the time integration of the model. The details of the oceanic part are given by Bryan et al. (1974), hereafter referred to as Part II. The atmospheric part of the model incorporates the primitive equations of motion in a spherical coordinate system. The numerical problems associated with the treatment of mountains are minimized by using the “sigma” coordinate system in which pressure, normalized by surface pressure, is the vertical coordinate. For vertical finite differencing, nine levels are chosen so as to represent the planetary bou...
What Are Women's Rights Good For?: Contesting and Negotiating Gender Cultures in Southern Africa

Currently, feminist activists are engaged in problematizing and reframing “rights” claims in southern Africa. This article discusses three cases of such activism, all of which show the limitations but also the potential of using rights claims to transform gender cultures and gain economic and gender justice. These cases involve the successful challenge to the gender discriminatory 1982 Botswana Citizenship Act; the policy shift of Women and Law in Southern Africa from a focus on legal rights advocacy to a synthesis of rights and kinship-based claims; and initiatives by South African gender activists to confront the contradiction between the country’s constitutional guarantees of women’s rights and high levels of gender violence.
Differential neural activity patterns for spatial relations in humans: a MEG study

Children learn the words for above-below relations earlier than for left-right relations, despite treating these equally well in a simple visual categorization task. Even as adults--conflicts in congruency, such as when a stimulus is depicted in a spatially incongruent manner with respect to salient global cues--can be challenging. Here we investigated the neural correlates of encoding and maintaining in working memory above-below and left-right relational planes in 12 adults using magnetoencephalography in order to discover whether above-below relations are represented by the brain differently than left-right relations. Adults performed perfectly on the task behaviorally, so any differences in neural activity were attributed to the stimuli's cognitive attributes. In comparing above-below to left-right relations during stimulus encoding, we found the greatest differences in neural activity in areas associated with space and movement. In comparing congruent to incongruent trials, we found the greatest differential activity in premotor areas. For both contrasts, brain areas involved in the encoding phase were also involved in the maintenance phase, which provides evidence that those brain areas are particularly important in representing the relational planes or congruency types throughout the trial. When comparing neural activity associated with the relational planes during working memory, additional right posterior areas were implicated, whereas the congruent-incongruent contrast implicated additional bilateral frontal and temporal areas. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis left-right relations are represented differently than above-below relations.
On the sum of squares of degrees and products of adjacent degrees

The sum of the squares of the degrees of vertices and the sum of the products of degrees of adjacent vertices have been introduced as topological indices. They are of interest from both applied and pure mathematical points of view. Given their close relations and rather similar behaviors, we examine the difference between these two indices in this note, presenting extremal results as well as some interesting properties.
Listening to Immelmann.

To the Editor: I enjoyed your discussion with Immelmann in your Editor's Note (“Immelmann's Indignation”) in the November 1999 issue of …
Experimental Respiratory Carcinogenesis: Interaction between Alpha Radiation and Benzo (a) pyrene in the Hamster

We have previously shown that a high incidence of lung cancer can be induced in hamsters by multiple intratracheal instillations of either benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or polonium-210 (210Po). The present experiments have used low doses of these 2 carcinogens, singly and together, in simultaneous and sequential designs. In terms of unequivocal lung tumors, 15 weekly instillations of 210Po (total 0.05 µCi) and BaP (total 4.5 mg) given simultaneously on the same carrier particles induced twice the prevalence of lung tumors expected from the additive effect of either carcinogen alone. In a separate experiment, a single instillation of 0.04 µCi 210Po led to only 1 tumor in 139 animals (0.7%) in contrast to 23 tumors among 135 animals (17%) when it was followed 18 weeks later by 7 weekly instillations of BaP (total 2.1 mg). These results suggest synergistic action between alpha radiation and BaP in the induction of lung cancer.
The Management of Spontaneous Otogenic CSF Leaks: A Presentation of Cases and Review of Literature.

Objective The types of otogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae were previously classified into defects through, adjacent to, or distal to the otic capsule. This article presents cases of the three different types of spontaneous CSF fistulae and reviews pertinent literature. We examine the management of the different types of otogenic CSF leaks with modern audiovestibular testing, imaging, and surgical techniques. Design Case series and review of the literature. Setting Academic tertiary neurotologic referral practice. Participants Four patients identified through a retrospective search. Main outcome measures Resolution of CSF leak and absence of meningitis. Results Surgical intervention was performed on the four cases described in this series; none had a return of CSF otorrhea in the postoperative period or meningitis. Conclusions Otogenic CSF fistulae may lead to life-threatening infection and in congenital forms are typically not diagnosed unless meningitis has occurred. Rapid and proper recognition, work-up, and treatment of such leaks decrease the risk of permanent neurologic sequelae as well as recurrent meningitis.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY WITH DEFIBRILLATOR VERSUS DEFIBRILLATOR ALONE IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly represented in clinical trials of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We conducted an inverse probability weighted analysis of 15,623 CRT-eligible patients (EF%lt;35%, QRS>120ms, NYHA III/IV) with Stage III-V CKD in the
Coal face ground pressure observation and its relevant observation software

Some problems about the current implementations of coal face ground pressure observation are brought forward and analyzed.A series of improved methods are proposed accordingly.A program corresponding to these methods,"Support Quality Analyzer",and its function are also introduced in this thesis.
Flap elevation and mobilization by blunt liposuction cannula dissection in reconstructive surgery.

Flap elevation and mobilization by blunt liposuction dissection has gradually evolved since its adaptation to assist in classic rhytidectomy. The technique provides a rapid and safe method for undermining flaps used in reconstructive surgery, with the advantage of minimal injury to nerves and blood vessels. Applying these approaches to reconstructive problems supports the broadening and unfulfilled potential of liposuction surgery.
Advanced Pressure Infiltration Casting Technology Produces Near-Absolute Net-Shape Metal Matrix Composite Components Cost Competitively

(1995). Advanced Pressure Infiltration Casting Technology Produces Near-Absolute Net-Shape Metal Matrix Composite Components Cost Competitively. Materials Technology: Vol. 10, No. 3-4, pp. 43-48.
Anemonefishes rely on visual and chemical cues to correctly identify conspecifics

Organisms rely on sensory cues to interpret their environment and make important life-history decisions. Accurate recognition is of particular importance in diverse reef environments. Most evidence on the use of sensory cues focuses on those used in predator avoidance or habitat recognition, with little information on their role in conspecific recognition. Yet conspecific recognition is essential for life-history decisions including settlement, mate choice, and dominance interactions. Using a sensory manipulated tank and a two-chamber choice flume, anemonefish conspecific response was measured in the presence and absence of chemical and/or visual cues. Experiments were then repeated in the presence or absence of two heterospecific species to evaluate whether a heterospecific fish altered the conspecific response. Anemonefishes responded to both the visual and chemical cues of conspecifics, but relied on the combination of the two cues to recognize conspecifics inside the sensory manipulated tank. These results contrast previous studies focusing on predator detection where anemonefishes were found to compensate for the loss of one sensory cue (chemical) by utilizing a second cue (visual). This lack of sensory compensation may impact the ability of anemonefishes to acclimate to changing reef environments in the future.
Simultaneous microencapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactives in liposomes produced by an ecofriendly supercritical fluid process

Organic solvent residues are always a concern with the liposomes produced by traditional techniques. Our objectives were to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds in liposomes using a newly designed supercritical fluid process coupled with vacuum-driven cargo loading. Supercritical carbon dioxide was chosen as the phospholipid-dissolving medium and an ecofriendly substitute for organic solvents. Liposomal microencapsulation was conducted via a 1000-μm expansion nozzle at 12.41MPa, 90°C, and aqueous cargo loading rate of 0.25ml/s. Vitamins C and E were selected as model hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds encapsulated in the integrated liposomes. The average vesicle size was 951.02nm with a zeta potential of -51.87mV. The encapsulation efficiency attained was 32.97% for vitamin C and 99.32% for vitamin E. Good emulsion stability was maintained during storage at 4°C for 20days. Simultaneous microencapsulation in the liposomes was successfully achieved with this supercritical fluid process.
5.508 – Scaffold Materials for hES Cell Culture and Differentiation

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) require a supportive niche consisting of appropriate cues and signals both to maintain their undifferentiated state and to promote their differentiation into specific phenotypes, and biomaterial scaffolds can be engineered to provide such regulatory cues and thereby support and control these important cell functions. This chapter details the current types of scaffold materials employed and evaluates their use for maintaining hESC pluripotency or directing differentiation into desired lineages. Scaffold materials are classified as natural or synthetic, and the advantages and drawbacks of each material are discussed along with specific examples taken from the current literature. Finally, a number of conclusions about the current status of research in engineering biomaterial scaffolds for the culture and differentiation of hESCs, along with future directions, are discussed.
"I Always Have to Think About It First": Authentication Experiences of People with Cognitive Impairments

Authentication is a mundane yet often integral part of people's experiences with computing devices and Internet services. Since most authentication mechanisms were designed without explicitly considering people with disabilities, these mechanisms may pose significant challenges for these users. In this paper, we report results from a contextual inquiry study on the authentication experiences and challenges of people with cognitive impairments. We identified a number of difficulties our participants experienced, such as remembering usernames and passwords, typing on the keyboard, logging out from their existing online accounts and being aware of errors. We hope the insights we found will indeed make future authentication systems more accessible and easier to use for users with cognitive impairments.
Hybrid cascading outage analysis of extreme events with optimized corrective actions

Power systems are vulnerable to extreme contingencies (like an outage of a major generating substation) that can cause significant generation and load loss and can lead to further cascading outages of other transmission facilities and generators in the system. Some cascading outages are seen within minutes following a major contingency, which may not be captured using only the dynamic simulation of the power system that are usually run for 30 or 40 seconds. The utilities plan for contingencies based on either dynamic or steady-state analysis separately, which may not accurately capture the effect of one process on the other. We addressed this gap in cascading outage analysis by developing the Dynamic Contingency Analysis Tool (DCAT), which can analyze the hybrid dynamic and steady-state behavior of power systems including protection system models in dynamic simulations, and by simulating corrective actions in post-transient steady-state conditions. One of the important implemented steady-state processes is to mimic operator corrective actions to mitigate aggravated states caused by dynamic cascading. This paper formulates an optimization model, called Optimal Power Flow with Corrective Actions (OPFCA), for selecting corrective actions that utility operators can take during major contingencies and thus automate hybrid dynamic/steady-state cascading outage mitigation. The improved DCAT framework with OPFCA is demonstrated on the 3120-bus Polish system.
Self-control over time: Implications for work, relationship, and well-being outcomes

Abstract Extensive research has demonstrated that self-control predicts a range of outcomes, but little work has examined the implications of self-control over time. This study examined self-control levels and slopes across adolescence and young adulthood as predictors in the work, relationship, and well-being domains. Drawing from developmental tasks theory, two possibilities were explored: high levels of self-control or increasing levels of self-control across this developmental period may be important to these outcomes. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used, with self-control measured across four waves and outcomes measured during the last wave. Results were more consistent with the proposition that high levels of self-control across this developmental period may be important to the outcomes examined.
Plasmonic metamaterials reimagined (Conference Presentation)

The fields of nanophotonics, plasmonics and optical metamaterials have enabled unprecedented ways to control the flow light at both the micro- and nanometer length scales, unfolding new optical phenomena, with a potential to reshape the existing optical technologies and create new ones. In this presentation, emerging plasmonic, metamaterial and metasurfaces concepts as well as material platforms will be discussed with the focus on practical photonic technologies for communication, quantum optics, bio-medical and energy applications.
AORTIC STENOSIS AND FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION: UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION ACCORDING TO LEFT VENTRICULAR CONCENTRICITY AND DILATATION

Background: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is often seen in association with aortic stenosis (AS) and is known to affect prognosis in those who undergo valve replacement. MR is thought to develop in the setting of left ventricular (LV) remodeling. However, the relationship between valve pathology and LV
Towards Insurable Network Architectures

The author summarizes his interdisciplinary research to employ actuarial risk models for the evaluation of system architectures with regard to their insurability. Insurability is argued to be a precondition for improving the resilience of distributed systems against catastrophic failures and malicious attacks. This essay introduces three obstacles that hinder the development of a market for cyber-insurance in practice, and refers to a novel modeling framework in which the obstacles can be analyzed jointly. Open research questions and possible ways to overcome these obstacles are discussed. Zusammenfassung Der Autor beschreibt seine interdisziplinare Forschung zur Bewertung der Versicherbarkeit von unterschiedlichen Systemarchitekturen mit versicherungsmathematischen Modellen. Versicherbarkeit wird dabei als eine Voraussetzung angesehen, um die Robustheit von verteilten Systemen gegen katastrophale Ausfalle und vorsatzliche Angriffe zu erhohen. Im Aufsatz werden drei Hindernisse besprochen, die die Entwicklung eines Marktes fur IT-Versicherungen in der Praxis einschranken. Der Autor verweist auf einen neuen Modellierungsrahmen, in dem alle drei Hindernisse gemeinsam analysiertwerdenkonnen. Er nennt offene Forschungsfragenund weist auf Moglichkeiten hin, diese Hindernisse zu uberwinden.
A database of planar axisymmetric periodic orbits for the Solar system

A multiple grid search strategy is implemented to generate a broad database of axisymmetric three-body periodic orbits for planets and main planetary satellites in the Solar system. The periodic orbit search is performed over 24 pairs of bodies that are well approximated by the circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP), resulting in approximately 3 million periodic solutions. The periodic orbit generation is implemented in a two-level grid search scheme. First, a global search is applied to each CR3BP system in order to capture the global structure of most existing families, followed by a local grid search, centered around a few fundamental families, where useful, highly sensitive periodic orbits emerge. A robust differential corrector is implemented with a full second-order trust region method in order to efficiently converge the highly sensitive solutions. The periodic orbit database includes solutions that (1) remain in the vicinity of the secondary only; (2) circulate the primary only via inner or outer resonances; and (3) connect both resonance types with orbits bound to the secondary, approximating heteroclinic connections that leads to natural escape/capture mechanisms. The periodic solutions are characterized and presented in detail using a descriptive nomenclature. Initial conditions, stability indices, and other dynamical parameters that allow for the solution characterization are computed and archived. The data and sample scripts are made available online.
Adolescent sexual intercourse. Strategies for promoting abstinence in teens.

Preview As sex, drugs, and rock 'n' roll have given way to STDs, HIV, and AIDS, adolescent sex has become an increasingly high- risk behavior. Dr Kay strongly believes that primary care physicians can have a prominent role in educating teens and their parents about the consequences of premature sexual activity and in promoting healthy living. In this article, he presents the case against adolescent sexual intercourse and outlines a concrete approach to dealing with adolescent patients at risk and their families.
Probabilistic Control of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems

Robust controllers for nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters can be reliably designed using probabilistic methods. In this chapter, a design approach based on the combination of stochastic robustness and dynamic inversion is presented for general systems that have a feedback-linearizable nominal system. The efficacy of this control approach is illustrated through the design of flight control systems for a hypersonic aircraft and a highly nonlinear, complex aircraft model. The proposed stochastic robust nonlinear control explores the direct design of nonlinear flight control logic; therefore the final design accounts for all significant nonlinearities in the aircraft’s high-fidelity simulation model. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the likelihood of closed-loop system instability and violation of performance requirements subject to variations of the probabilistic system parameters. The stochastic robustness cost function is defined in terms of the probabilities that design criteria will not be satisfied. We use randomized algorithms, in particular genetic algorithms, to search the design parameters of the parameterized controller with feedback linearization structure. The design approach is an extension of earlier methods for probabilistic robust control of linear systems. Prior results are reviewed, and the nonlinear approach is presented.