cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of membrane function. Disparity between active potassium transport and (Na+ & K+)ATPase activity.

Summary Ouabain-sensitive K + influx in mammalian erythrocytes exhibits far less temperature sensitivity than the (Na + + K + )ATPase prepared by hypotonic lysis from the same populations of cells. The results are not in accord with lipid phase change as the critical mechanism of cold inhibition of intact pumps.
Pseudogap, competing order, and the coexistence of staggered flux and d -wave pairing in high-temperature superconductors

We study the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ model of a doped Mott insulator in connection to high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors. The nearest neighbor Coulomb interaction $(V)$ is treated quantum mechanically on equal footing as the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction $(J)$. Motivated by the $SU(2)$ symmetry at half-filling, we construct a large-$N$ theory which allows a systematic study of the interplay between staggered flux order and superconductivity upon doping. We solve the model in the large-$N$ limit and obtain the ground state properties and the phase diagram as a function of doping. We discuss the competition and the coexistence of the staggered flux and the $d$-wave superconductivity in the underdoped regime and the disappearance of superconductivity in the overdoped regime.
Excimer lasers: a review of their special safety concerns

The excimer laser while presenting the medical community with a new and potentially exciting tool, particularly in the ophthalmic arena, (an area where laser safety policies have traditionally met with skepticism) also presents unique safety concerns. The object of this presentation is to review those safety concerns and raise user awareness. Some of these safety issues are: Ultra violet exposure, rare gas hazards, x ray exposure, training, high voltage, etc.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Measurement of the quality of care of patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis

Background & Aims Process-based quality measures are increasingly used to evaluate hospital performance. However, practices vary, and patients with cirrhosis are a challenge to manage, given their risks of mortality, morbidity, and resources utilization. In 2010, process-based quality measures were developed to improve the care of these patients. We examined adherence with these quality measures for a cohort of patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis in 2009. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a tertiary-care hospital with decompensated cirrhosis in 2009 (n = 149 379) hospitalizations. Quality indicator (QI) scores were calculated for each admission as a fraction, i.e., the number of quality markers met divided by the number of possible quality indices, given the patient's presentation (range, 0–1). QI scores were correlated with patient characteristics and clinical outcomes (30-day readmission; inpatient death). Results Quality indicators were met 45% of the time (95% confidence interval, 40–51%). In multivariable analysis, QI scores were significantly lower among non-English-speaking patients and those who had congestive heart failure. QI scores were higher among patients with gastrointestinal bleeding or encephalopathy-related admission to the hospital. QI scores were not associated with inpatient mortality or 30-day readmission. Conclusion There is substantial opportunity to improve the care of patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis. Additional research is needed to identify effective strategies for closing gaps in care. Adherence to quality measures did not affect clinical outcomes, but if easily measured in other settings could be used to compare hospitals and practices.
RECOVERY OF PARAMYXOVIRUS FROM THE JEJUNUM OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Paramyxovirus, presumably measles, has been recovered by cocultivation or cell-fusion techniques from jejunal biopsy specimens of 6 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis. Virus has been identified by immunofluorescence of antigen in infected HEp-2 and BSC-1 cells, by electron microscopy, and by haemagglutination of rhesus-monkey erythrocytes.
The System CaO‐P2O5‐H2O at 200°C

The phase diagram was established for the ternary system CaO-P/sub 2/O/sub 5/-H/sub 2/O at 200/sup 0/C and 1700 kPa. The solubility isotherm was determined by direct observation. Solid phases were analyzed by x-ray powder diffraction techniques and microscopy. Four solid phases were observed in equilibrium with liquid phases: portlandite, Ca(OH)/sub 2/, hydroxylapatite, Ca/sub 5/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/OH, monetite, CaHPO/sub 4/, and monocalcium orthophosphate monohydrate (MCPM), Ca(H/sub 2/PO/sub 4/)/sub 2/.H/sub 2/O.
The rescission of behaviors: Inconsistent responses in adolescent sexuality data

In longitudinal survey research, certain questions can be rescinded illogically. For instance, respondents who at Time 1 report having had sexual intercourse may at Time 2 report never having done so. This paper reports measurement techniques and analyses of these types of inconsistencies from an ongoing longitudinal adolescent sexuality project. Inconsistencies in intercourse, masturbation, and other sexual behaviors are reported and compared to rates from other studies and other less sensitive behaviors within the same study. Three conclusions are presented: (1) inconsistencies should be considered a natural part of any longitudinal survey process and should be incorporated into the response model; (2) inconsistency rates in these particular data support the contention that adolescent sexuality data of appropriate quality for analytical purposes can be obtained; and (3) inconsistency rates in fact contain substantive information concerning the processes under consideration.
Electrochemistry in vivo: monitoring dopamine release in the brain of the conscious, freely moving rat.

Abstract Changes in electrochemical responses at stearate-modified and unmodified graphite paste electrodes were compared simultaneously by intrastriatal chronoamperometry in freely moving rats. Responses at the modified electrodes were unaffected by ascorbate administration, decreased by pergolide and increased by pargyline and haloperidol. The effects of haloperidol were reversed by γ-butyrolactone but not by pargyline. In contrast, responses at the unmodified electrodes were increased by ascorbate or pergolide and decreased by pargyline. Haloperidol-induced increases at these electrodes were rapidly reversed by pargyline. Responses of the two electrodes differed significantly in both magnitude and temporal characteristics after amphetamine administration. The results demonstrate that the modified electrodes can selectively monitor released dopamine in the freely moving animal, even when there are simultaneous, large changes in ascorbate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
Price Volatility and Contract Maturity: Evidence from an Online Futures Market for Sports Tickets

In this study, we test the relationship between price volatility and contract maturity, or the “Samuelson effect,” using futures contract prices for a major sports event. Applying four different performance measures, we show supportive evidence of the Samuelson effect in futures contracts for tickets to the Super Bowl XLIII [2009], using the dynamic panel estimation method. Our main contributions are testing the existing theories in a novel setting with unique product features and advancing our understanding of the prediction market for sports events.
Relating mindfulness and self-regulatory processes.

Brown, Ryan, and Creswell (this issue) summarize the recent surge in mindfulness research and practices, and they propose methods for developing a further understanding of the mindfulness phenomeno...
Differences in Classroom versus Online Exam Performance Due to Asynchronous Discussion.

This study compares undergraduate student exam performance of classroom and online course sections that have nearly identical instructional designs. The sections differed only in lecturing and peer discussion activities that are typical differences of classroom and online instruction. Classroom discussion activities were synchronous speech and online discussion were asynchronous text. Composite mean exam scores show a large effect size difference that is statistically significant. Results suggest that asynchronous peer-to-peer discussion is more effective than traditional classroom lecture-discussion for undergraduate students.
BMP canonical Smad signaling through Smad1 and Smad5 is required for endochondral bone formation

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is required for endochondral bone formation. However, whether or not the effects of BMPs are mediated via canonical Smad pathways or through noncanonical pathways is unknown. In this study we have determined the role of receptor Smads 1, 5 and 8 in chondrogenesis. Deletion of individual Smads results in viable and fertile mice. Combined loss of Smads 1, 5 and 8, however, results in severe chondrodysplasia. Smad1/5CKO (cartilage-specific knockout) mutant mice are nearly identical to Smad1/5CKO;Smad8-/- mutants, indicating that Smads 1 and 5 have overlapping functions and are more important than Smad8 in cartilage. The Smad1/5CKO phenotype is more severe than that of Smad4CKO mice, challenging the dogma, at least in chondrocytes, that Smad4 is required to mediate Smad signaling through BMP pathways. The chondrodysplasia in Smad1/5CKO mice is accompanied by imbalances in cross-talk between the BMP, FGF and Ihh/PTHrP pathways. We show that Ihh is a direct target of BMP pathways in chondrocytes, and that FGF exerts antagonistic effects on Ihh expression. Finally, we tested whether FGF exerts its antagonistic effects directly through Smad linker phosphorylation. The results support the alternative conclusion that the effects of FGFs on BMP signaling are indirect in vivo.
Quantum correlation of an optically controlled quantum system

A precise time-dependent control of a quantum system relies on an accurate account of the quantum interference among the system, the control, and the environment. A diagrammatic technique has been recently developed to precisely calculate this quantum correlation for a fast multimode coherent photon control against slow relaxation, valid for both Markovian and non-Markovian systems. We review this formalism in comparison with the existing approximate theories and extend it to cases with controls by photon state other than the coherent state.
The Negative Aspects of Social Exchange: An Introduction to Perceived Organizational Obstruction

The authors introduce the concept of perceived organizational obstruction (POO) to fill a theoretical gap in the social exchange literature. They draw on four different samples of employees working in various organizations to: (a) generate items to measure POO, (b) assess the psychometric properties of the POO scale, (c) replicate the factor structure and other psychometric properties of the scale, (d) assess the discriminant validity with respect to existing measures of the employer—employee relationship, and (e) determine whether POO explains additional variance beyond existing constructs (perceived organizational support, psycholosgical contract breach, organizational politics, procedural justice, and organizational frustration) in the exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect framework. The results of this study indicate that the POO scale is internally consistent and unidimensional, demonstrates discriminant validity with respect to existing employer— employee relationship constructs, and explains additional...
Multi-stream language identification using data-driven dependency selection

The most widespread approach to automatic language identification in the past has been the statistical modeling of phone sequences extracted from speech signals. Recently, we have developed an alternative approach to LID based on n-gram modeling of parallel streams of articulatory features, which was shown to have advantages over phone-based systems on short test signals whereas the latter achieved a higher accuracy on longer signals. Additionally, phone and feature streams can be combined to achieve maximum performance. Within this "multi-stream" framework two types of statistical dependencies need to be modeled: (a) dependencies between symbols in individual streams and (b) dependencies between symbols in different streams. The space of possible dependencies is typically too large to be searched exhaustively. We explore the use of genetic algorithms as a method for data-driven dependency selection. The result is a general framework for the discovery and modeling of dependencies between multiple information sources expressed as sequences of symbols, which has implications for other fields beyond language identification, such as speaker identification or language modeling.
Farm Fencing in the Nineteenth Century

The cost of fencing the farm was a topic of constant discussion and complaint in American agricultural circles in the second half of the nineteenth century This prosaic topic appeared continually during the period 1850 to 1880 in agricultural journals, state agricultural bulletins, and annual reports of the Federal Commissioner of Agriculture.
Naïve learning algorithms utilized for the prediction of stock prices to compare economic models of decision making

An advance in economic thought is in the area of behavioral economics where traditional models of rational decision-making are challenged by newer models of behavior such as Prospect Theory. This is coupled with a world where algorithms have abilities to learn, remember and evolve over time to make better decisions. The advances on these two fronts are forcing the world of markets to be analyzed from a different angle. This work is a look at markets to compare traditional expected utility theory of economic decision-making to the newer idea of Prospect Theory. Two learning algorithms, based on traditional expected utility and Prospect Theory, are designed and then compared under several scenarios designed to replicate various market conditions faced by investors. Deviations were analyzed to measure the effectiveness of the two algorithms and also the two models of economic decision making, where it was found that risk averseness described by Prospect Theory will lead to greater deviations in expected prices than more traditional models of economic decision making. This is for several reasons, including risk aversion can, in most situations, lead to suboptimal economic decisions.
Dual-band branch-line balun for millimeter-wave applications

This paper presents designs of branch-line type dual-band balun for millimeter-wave applications. The proposed balun is based on different types of dual-band impedance transformers. To understand the working principle of the baluns, closed-form equations are derived, where ABCD-matrix method is applied. It is found that the proposed baluns feature flexible realizable frequency ratio, making it suitable for millimeter-wave systems. To verify the design concept, an experimental prototype working at 20 / 44 GHz is designed, fabricated and characterized. The measurement results match well with the simulation results.
Caenorhabditis elegans rab-3 Mutant Synapses Exhibit Impaired Function and Are Partially Depleted of Vesicles

Rab molecules regulate vesicular trafficking in many different exocytic and endocytic transport pathways in eukaryotic cells. In neurons, rab3 has been proposed to play a crucial role in regulating synaptic vesicle release. To elucidate the role of rab3 in synaptic transmission, we isolated and characterized Caenorhabditis elegans rab-3 mutants. Similar to the mouse rab3A mutants, these mutants survived and exhibited only mild behavioral abnormalities. In contrast to the mouse mutants, synaptic transmission was perturbed in these animals. Extracellular electrophysiological recordings revealed that synaptic transmission in the pharyngeal nervous system was impaired. Furthermore, rab-3 animals were resistant to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb, suggesting that cholinergic transmission was generally depressed. Last, synaptic vesicle populations were redistributed in rab-3 mutants. In motor neurons, vesicle populations at synapses were depleted to 40% of normal levels, whereas in intersynaptic regions of the axon, vesicle populations were elevated. On the basis of the morphological defects at neuromuscular junctions, we postulate that RAB-3 may regulate recruitment of vesicles to the active zone or sequestration of vesicles near release sites.
A Patch array antenna for 60 GHz package applications

This paper has presented array feed line structures that are suitable for mmWave applications where microstrip lines do not function very well. Since CPS and CWP lines are used, the feed line loss is reduced tremendously so large arrays are possible for mmWave applications. Although the corporate-fed patch array is presented here, the feed line structures can be used for slot arrays or a combination of series and corporate-fed patch arrays. Since air-bridges are used in the feed line structures, thin-film technologies are preferred manufacturing choice of these arrays.
Regulation of aromatic alcohol production in Candida albicans

Colonization by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans varies significantly, depending upon the pH and availability of oxygen. Because of our interest in extracellular molecules as potential quorum-sensing molecules, we examined the physiological conditions which regulate the production of the aromatic alcohols, i.e., phenethyl alcohol, tyrosol, and tryptophol. The production of these fusel oils has been well studied for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our data show that aromatic alcohol yields for C. albicans are determined by growth conditions. These conditions include the availability of aromatic amino acids, the pH, oxygen levels, and the presence of ammonium salts. For example, for wild-type C. albicans, tyrosol production varied 16-fold merely with the inclusion of tyrosine or ammonium salts in the growth medium. Aromatic alcohol production also depends on the transcription regulator Aro80p. Our results are consistent with aromatic alcohol production—aromatic transaminases (gene products for ARO8 and ARO9), aromatic decarboxylase (ARO10), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)—via the fusel oil pathway. The expression of ARO8, ARO9, and ARO10 is also pH dependent. ARO8 and ARO9 were alkaline upregulated, while ARO10 was alkaline downregulated. The alkaline-dependent change in expression of ARO8 was Rim101 independent, while the expression of ARO9 was Rim101 dependent.
A Framework for Strategic Network Design Assessment, Decision Making, and Moral Imagination:

This article presents a framework for practitioners who may be interested in maintaining adaptive stability of sociotechnical networks. The framework is developed from assembling several concepts that are useful for assessing and for drawing on appropriate moral reasoning strategies as sociotechnical networks are designed, constructed, and adapted. One such strategy involves the ability to assess degrees of perspective sharing and trading relationships in networks using moral imagination. The article uses the case of the design of an environmentally sustainable fabric to illustrate these strategic concepts. The framework also draws on other examples of cases in which sociotechnical networks have become destabilized to illustrate instances in which the framework may have been useful for decreasing a tendency for destabilization.
Using Video Clubs to Support Conversations among Teachers and Researchers

Abstract This paper examines how video clubs - ongoing group meetings to discuss videotapes of classroom instruction - can support the development of productive conversations among teachers and educational researchers. A series of six video clubs were analyzed in which two high-school mathematics teachers met with a researcher from a local university to discuss excerpts of videotapes from the Teachers' classrooms. Analysis of the data illustrates the complementary character of expertise brought by the teachers and the researcher to the video club meetings, and how this helped to shape the understandings of all participants of what took place in the classroom. In addition, the analysis reveals how shifts in participants' roles over the course of the video club provided important opportunities for both the teachers and the researcher to learn new practices.
Periodontal implications: medically compromised patients

The presence of systemic disease in patients requiring periodontal therapy creates challenges for management. Alteration of treatment plans, with emphasis on physician consultation and preventive periodontal care, is frequently needed to minimize the impact of periodontal disease on the systemic condition. Conversely, detection and treatment of systemic disorders may impact upon the status of the periodontium and the success of periodontal therapy. The goal of holistic patient management is facilitated by a free flow of information between the patients and their medical and dental health care providers.
Comparative osseous and soft tissue morphology following cleft lip repair.

Abstract Objective: To quantify comparative improvement between osseous and soft tissue asymmetry following primary lip repair. Design: Retrospective analysis of preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans of infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Sixteen soft tissue landmarks were placed using an exploratory two-/three-dimensional image processing system and compared for asymmetry. Patients: Computed tomography scans were obtained on 26 patients (13 boys, 13 girls) of Chinese ethnicity (mean age = 0.25 years) prior to Millard lip repair. Nineteen of these contributed to follow-up comparative studies prior to palatoplasty at a mean age of 0.92 years. There were 18 left-sided and eight right-sided clefts. Main Outcome Measure: Euclidean distance matrix asymmetry analysis was used to determine the amount of soft tissue asymmetry pre- and postlip repair. Similar analyses of the same scans were performed for 41 osseous landmarks. Results: Soft tissue landmarks had 36/39 (92%) preoperativ...
College Students with Physical Disabilities: Common on Campus, Uncommon in the Literature.

Programs for college students with physical disabilities began in the immediate post-war period, as veterans with disabilities were the “vanguard” disability group in higher education. However, while veterans with physical disabilities were the beginning of the postsecondary disability field, the discipline currently focuses on students with many and varied disability types in both its research and practice. This article presents a secondary analysis, which was part of a larger systematic review of the postsecondary disability literature. The present article focuses on studies including at least one participant with a physical disability. In total eighty studies had at least one student with a physical disability. Two of these studies were experimental and only one of these two met the criteria to be a randomized control trial. A minority of studies was composed solely of college students with physical disabilities.
Holdfast Mechanisms in Certain Uropodine Mites (Acarina: Uropodina)

Claws, empodia, specialized ridges and teeth on enlarged dorsa, and a highly modified posterior idiosoma adapt mites of the genera Trichocylliba, Circocylliba, Planodiscus, Coxequesoma, and Antennequesoma to specific regions on their army ant hosts. Such a radiation of holdfast mechanisms is unique among mites.
Electric Field Effect in High-Tc Superconductors, Evaluation of Field-Induced Superconductivity and Device Applications

In the past two years, it has been demonstrated that applied electric fields can be used to modulate significantly the normal state resistivity, the critical temperature and the critical current density of high-T c films. Whereas earlier publications focussed on experimental aspects of high-T c field effects, this contribution will discuss the conditions that are required to induce superconductivity on the surface of insulators. In addition, evaluations for performance limits of potential high-T c field effect devices will be presented.
Psychotherapy and Cognitive Style

Patients who have a concrete cognitive style are psychotherapeutically best treated by methods that take into account their cognitive style, whether it is defensive or results from a cognitive developmental arrest. Concrete thinking, while an obstacle to insight-oriented therapy, is no obstacle to changing attitudes and behaviors by means that do not involve the development of insight into unconscious conflict or motivation.
Correlation between gait and balance in people with and without Type 2 diabetes in normal and subdued light.

Background: Balance and gait are both impaired in people with diabetes but no study has examined both in the same subjects in people either with or even without diabetes or related these to room lighting. Material/Methods: Twelve subjects with type 2 diabetes (D) and 15 age-matched controls (C) were examined under conditions of full light, eyes closed (no light) and low light (5 candle power). Balance was assessed during standing by a computerized posturography device. Gait was analyzed during the initiation of movement, while walking at uniform speed and during turns of 0.66 meters diameter through accelerometers, foot contact sensors and the electomyogram recorded from the gastrocnemius and tibialus anterior muscles. Results: Subjects with diabetes had poorer balance during standing in diminished light compared to full light and no light conditions. When the room light was dimmed, sway during standing increased by an average of 25% in D. Control subjects did not have different sway with diminished light compared to the other lighting conditions. Gait was slower, circumduction greater and muscle use greater in D than C. There was a significant negative correlation between balance and gait; the worse the balance, the slower and poorer the gait for both groups of subjects (p<0.05), impaired balance accounting for 70% of the deviation in gait in D whereas it only accounted for 52% in C. Conclusions: Balance and gait are related in people with and without diabetes. Diabetes causes balance and gait to both be impaired compared to C.
Relationship between Opportunism and Trust: An Empirical Study in the Automobile Sector of India

Despite the critical role of opportunism on trust, opportunism was not properly explained in the literature and it has been observed that the studies were based mostly on the Western market. In view of this gap, this research paper investigates the role of opportunism on trust in inter-firm dyads, in the Indian automobile industry. A good number of books/past research studies between the years 1972 to 2011 are reviewed to prepare the literature review and to develop the hypothesis. This study is based upon the empirical findings of a quantitative research. The relationship between opportunism and trust is not found very strong. Interestingly, despite presence of opportunism, moderately high level of trust was observed in the studied relationships. The study suggests that managers should try to reduce opportunistic behaviour to develop trust which in turn develops commitment with the buyer/exchange partners in their relationship marketing strategy and extends a direction for further research specifically in the context of developing countries.
Analysis of the clinical indications for opiate use in inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Opiate use for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly high-dose (HD) use, is associated with increased mortality. It's assumed that opiate use is directly related to IBD-related complaints, although this hasn't been well defined. Our goal was to determine the indications for opiate use as a first step in developing strategies to prevent or decrease opiate use. METHODS A retrospective cohort was formed of adults who were diagnosed with IBD and for whom outpatient evaluations from 2009 to 2014 were documented. Opiate use was defined if opiates were prescribed for a minimum of 30 days over a 365-day period. Individual chart notes were then reviewed to determine the clinical indication(s) for low-dose (LD) and HD opiate use. RESULTS After a search of the electronic records of 1,109,277 patients, 3,226 patients with IBD were found. One hundred four patients were identified as opiate users, including 65 patients with Crohn's and 39 with ulcerative colitis; a total of 134 indications were available for these patients. IBD-related complaints accounted for 49.25% of the opiate indications, with abdominal pain (23.13%) being the most common. Overall, opiate use for IBD-related complaints (81.40% vs. 50.82%; P=0.0014) and abdominal pain (44.19% vs. 19.67%; P=0.0071) was more common among HD than among LD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that most IBD patients using opiates, particularly HD users, used opiates for IBD-related complaints. Future research will need to determine the degree to which these complaints are related to disease activity and to formulate non-opiate pain management strategies for patients with both active and inactive IBD.
Validation of the PROMIS® measures of self-efficacy for managing chronic conditions

Purpose The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) was designed to develop, validate, and standardize item banks to measure key domains of physical, mental, and social health in chronic conditions. This paper reports the calibration and validation testing of the PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Conditions measures.
Clinical Outcomes in Breast Reconstruction Patients Using a Sterile Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft.

Human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have enabled successful breast reconstructions while decreasing muscle donor morbidity and pain for the patient. However, some literature reports indicate an increase in complications, especially infection. The decellularization and terminal sterilization properties of DermACELL (D-ADM), a human ADM, may reduce the rate of complications in augmented breast reconstruction while still maintaining successful outcomes. In the study presented here, we evaluate the quality and safety of outcomes with the use of D-ADM during tissue expander breast reconstruction. A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent breast reconstruction with the use of D-ADM, at a single-military hospital-based practice, resulting in a population of 38 subjects and 58 breasts who had breast reconstruction augmented with D-ADM. Fifty-six breasts (96.6%) in thirty-six patients demonstrated successful outcomes with a median 27 weeks’ time to complete healing. Post-reconstruction radiation and chemotherapy were applied to 24.1 and 25.9% of reconstructions, respectively. Complications rates were minimal with rates of 1.7% for surgical site infection and 1.7% for red breast syndrome. The low complication rates combined with the high success and patient satisfaction rates observed for D-ADM support the use of this ADM in breast reconstruction. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Causes, Complications, & Controversies

Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is considered a reversible condition characterized by the absence of menses for 3 months or more, due to suppressed secretions of gonadotropin releasing hormone affecting the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. HA can be triggered by excessive stress, weight loss or excessive exercise, however, the etiology is still largely unknown. Serious, long-term complications include severe hypoestrogenism and infertility, in addition to a variety of hormonal aberrations. Hypoestrogenism also leads to diminished bone health, cardiovascular problems, and mood changes that lead to a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety. It is important that HA is diagnosed in a timely manner in order to begin therapeutic strategies that aim to resume menses and return to normal levels of circulating reproductive hormones. When attempts to resume menstruation naturally through lifestyle changes are unsuccessful, other pharmaceutical options are available. Treatment options range from estrogen-replacement therapy to the administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone, depending on the reproductive goals of the woman. More research is needed on novel treatments in order to determine the most effective standard of care.
My lessons in mentorship.

When I started formally mentoring undergraduate and graduate students almost 2 years ago, I was excited about the opportunity to help young scientists grow, but I was also nervous about the responsibility. As a postdoc, I was teaching a class in which students could conduct independent research
Accessory Molecules that Influence Signaling Through B Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors

The B lymphocyte antigen receptor complex, commonly called the B cell receptor (BCR) complex, consists of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) and heterodimers of the Igα (CD79a, mb1) and Igβ (CD79b, B29) phosphoglycoproteins. Recent reviews detail pertinent findings on the BCR complex.1 The structure of the BCR complex and some cell-surface molecules that influence signaling via the BCR are shown in Figure 1. The clonotypic Ig receptor has only a very short cytoplasmic tail and therefore must rely on the invariant members of the BCR complex to transmit signals to the cytosol after receptor crosslinking. Igα/Igβ associate with sIgM and sIgD and are both necessary and sufficient for the expression of sIg. This heterodimer is analogous to the TCR CD3e/δ or CD3e/γ heterodimers,2 which, like Igα/Igβ, (1) contain subunits with a single extracellular Ig-like domain; (2) are phosphorylated on tyrosine (CD3e and CD3ζ) after crosslinking of antigen receptors; and (3) contain within their cytoplasmic tail a single antigen receptor homology 1 (ARH1) motif, D/E-X7-D/E-X2-Y-X2-L-X7-Y-X2-L/I (X = any amino acid). Regions within the transmembrane domain of sIgM are required for the release of [Ca2+]i or internalization of bound antigen.3 Mutations within the transmembrane domain of sIgM that inhibit the activation of new protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) and release of [Ca2+]i also uncouple sIgM from Igα/Igβ.4 However, even though such a mutant sIgM does not associate with Igα/Igβ, when crosslinked it still induces some new PTP.4 Both Sanchez et al.4 and Kim et al.5 reported that surface chimeric fusion proteins expressing the cytoplasmic tails of Igα vs. Igβ differ in their ability to transmit signals: the Igα but not the Igβ tail can induce new PTP, results consistent with studies suggesting that Igα and not Igβ strongly associates with the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) p53/56Lyn (Lyn).6 Matsuuchi et al.7 found that sIgM expression could be reconstituted in a pituitary cell line with Igα/Igβ coexpression, but that Igα/Igβ were not sufficient to reconstitute a complete signal through sIgM. Thus, IgM interaction with Igα/Igβ is critical for signaling but other factors may also be required.
Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Interest in intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome has intensified in recent years as the recognition of this condition has increased, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target to improve outcomes for critically ill patients [22]. According to a recent systematic review, the incidence of abdominal compartment syndrome varies between 0.5% and 36.4% of trauma patients, mortality is nearly universal if untreated, and for treated patients, overall survival is improved across all study cohorts, though survival rates range widely, from 25% to 75%.
High-frequency repetitive TMS for suicidal ideation in adolescents with depression

Abstract Background: This exploratory study sought to examine the effect of an acute course of high-frequency repetitive TMS on suicidal ideation in adolescents. Methods: Data were pooled from 3 prior protocols providing a 30-session course of open-label TMS treatment for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression. All participants (n = 19) were outpatients taking antidepressant medication, with TMS provided as adjunctive treatment. Suicidality was assessed at baseline, after 10 treatments, after 20 treatments, and after 30 treatments. Outcome measures of suicidal ideation included the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) “Intensity of Ideation” subscale and Item 13 “Suicidality” on the Children's Depression Rating Scale, Revised (CDRS-R). Results: The predicted odds of suicidal ideation (CDRS-R Item 13 and C-SSRS Intensity of Ideation subscale) significantly decreased over 6 weeks of acute TMS treatment without adjustments for illness (depression) severity. However, the magnitude of the decrease in the predicted odds of suicidal ideation across 6 weeks of treatment was attenuated and rendered non-significant in subsequent analyses that adjusted for illness (depression) severity. Limitations: This was an exploratory study with a small sample size and no sham control. Regulatory and ethical barriers constrained enrollment of adolescents with severe suicidality. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that open-label TMS mitigated suicidal ideation in adolescents through the treatment and improvement of depressive symptom severity. Although caution is warranted in the interpretation of these results, the findings can inform the design and execution of future interventional trials targeting suicidal ideation in adolescents.
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and the GI Tract: A Primer for the Gastroenterologist

Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is one of the most common causes of orthostatic intolerance and is being increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are reported commonly in patients with POTS and pose a considerable management challenge, making it imperative that gastroenterologists be aware of this condition and its GI comorbidities. Although the evidence presented herein does not prove causation, it does support an association between GI symptoms, GI dysmotility, and POTS. At present, the evaluation and treatment of GI symptoms in patients with POTS remains largely empirical. General measures to treat POTS may lead to improvement in both GI and non-GI symptoms. GI symptoms refractory to these measures should prompt further diagnostic evaluation of gastrointestinal dysmotility and appropriate dietary and pharmacologic management. This review focuses its attention on the involvement of the GI tract in POTS including a discussion of GI symptoms and conditions associated with POTS, followed by an analysis of abnormalities in gut physiology described in POTS, and concluding with an overview of management and suggestions for research directions.
Variable-Magnification Optical Stimulator for Training and Validation of Spaceborne Vision-Based Navigation

This paper addresses the design, calibration, and utilization of a hardware-in-the loop optical stimulator for the training and validation of vision-based sensors and algorithms used for spaceborne...
Gravity measurements at sea, 1950 and 1951

During 1950 and 1951, 447 gravity measurements at sea were made on five cruises in United States Navy submarines. Gravity observations were made on cruises from San Diego, California, to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to Japan and Guam by way of the Philippine Islands and return to Pearl Harbor, from Pearl Harbor to the Canal Zone and New London, Connecticut, and from New London to Taranto, Italy, and return to Norfolk, Virginia. Improvements in the pendulum apparatus include the installation of a more reliable and less expensive light source and the installation of fiduciary markers to provide two reference lines on the photographic records.
Concha Bullosa Affects Baseline and Postoperative Quality-of-Life Measures in Surgically Managed Chronic Rhinosinusitis

BackgroundConcha bullosa (CB) is a prevalent anatomic variant and frequent surgical target in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, whether CB impacts quality-of-life (QOL) in chronic rhinosinus...
Thirty-Day Readmission Among Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Effects on Outcomes

We determine the rate of hospital readmission within 30 days of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its impact on mortality, morbidity, and health care use in the United States. A retrospective study was conducted using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmission Database for the year 2014 (14.9 million hospital stays at 2048 hospitals in 22 states). 76,932 hospital admissions among adults were identified for ARDS and discharged. The primary outcome was rate of all-cause readmission within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes were reasons for readmission, readmission mortality rate, morbidity (shock and prolonged mechanical ventilation) and resource use (length of stay and total hospitalization costs and charges). Independent risk factors for readmission were identified using logistic regression analysis. The 30-day rate of readmission was 12%. Only 10% of readmissions were due to recurrent ARDS, while the most common reason was sepsis (20%). The rate of death among patients readmitted to the hospital (7.2%) was lower than that for index admissions (7.9%) (P In this retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ARDS, readmission is associated with a high mortality, morbidity, and resource use.
Chapter 162 – Medical Entomology

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the medical entomology, which is concerned with the impact of insects and related arthropods on the mental and physical health of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. It is often subdivided into public health entomology and veterinary entomology. These divisions are tenuous since many of the same arthropods cause similar injuries and diseases in both humans and other animals. Arthropods influence animal health in multiple ways. The most significant impact involves their role as primary vectors and alternate hosts of many devastating infectious disease agents. Parasitic agents transmitted by hematophagous arthropods include filariae, protozoa, bacteria, rickettsiae, and viruses. Arthropods also affect the health of vertebrates directly by triggering altered mental states (delusional parasitosis and entomophobia/arachnophobia), contact allergies, feeding annoyance and blood loss, envenomization, and myiasis. Protozoan parasites dominate in terms of worldwide importance in context of diseases. Malaria is the single most significant vector-borne disease, with an estimated 300 million people infected annually and over 1 million deaths among young children in Africa alone. It is endemic in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where it has been resurging since eradication attempts ended some 30 years ago. It is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes and can be successfully treated with drugs if promptly available. Drug resistance is a growing problem. Tsetse-transmitted African trypanosomiasis remains a serious human disease in parts of tropical Africa, but its impact on domestic cattle production is even more severe.
Intergalactic sleuthing with cosmic radio bursts

The discovery of four bright fast radio bursts with accurate localization on the sky and association with nearby galaxies enabled a statistical estimate of the baryon content in the intergalactic medium and intervening galaxy halos by measuring the amount of ionized gas towards these sources.
Magnetically Induced Enhanced Exchange Spring Effect in CoFe₂O₄/CoFe₂/CoFe₂O₄ Films

Earlier, we reported exchange coupling between bilayers of CoFe2O4/CoFe2, where CoFe2O4 and CoFe2 are the hard and soft magnetic layers, respectively. These results suggested trilayers structures of CoFe2O4/CoFe2/CoFe2O4 are strong candidates for low hysteresis loss “exchange spring materials.” To study this possibility, we extended our investigation to the synthesis of CoFe2O4/CoFe2/CoFe2O4 trilayers under different sputtering deposition conditions, which included oxygen pressure in the case of the CoFe2O4 component and the application of a magnetic field during the deposition of the soft CoFe2. The most significant finding was an increase in the exchange spring figure of merit (FoM) of 36% in-plane and 60% out-of-plane by the application of an applied field during the deposition of the soft CoFe2, resulting in a decrease in hysteretic losses by a similar percentage. We will discuss these spin spring results in terms of an increase in uniaxial anisotropy energy in the CoFe2 layers due to short-range ordering of Fe–Fe and Co–Co pairs during deposition and an enhancement in the coercivity and remnant magnetization of CoFe2O4. We also discuss a metric (FoM) for describing enhancements due to multiple optimized deposition conditions.
The correlation between spinal and chest wall deformities and pulmonary function in Marfan syndrome

Abstract Purpose Scoliosis, chest wall deformities and pulmonary involvement are common features of Marfan syndrome (MFS). We aimed to assess the impact of spinal and chest wall deformities on pulm...
Optical matter machines: angular momentum conversion by collective modes in optically bound nanoparticle arrays

The creation of optically powered self-assembling nano-to-meso-scale machines that do work is a long-standing goal in photonics. We demonstrate an optical matter (OM) machine that converts the spin angular momentum (SAM) of light into orbital angular momentum (OAM) to do mechanical work. The specific OM machine we study is based on a sixfold symmetric hexagonally ordered nanoparticle array that operates as an OM “gear” that is assembled and made to rotate in a circularly polarized Gaussian beam. The rotational symmetry of the OM gear leads to a selection rule for the allowed scattering modes based on their angular momentum. Electrodynamics calculations show that the collective scattering modes with the largest angular momentum scatter strongly in the transverse direction. Simulations and experiments show that the angular momentum that accompanies the scattered light causes a “negative torque” response on the OM gear and drives a “probe” particle placed outside the OM gear around the gear in an asymmetric force field analogously to Brownian ratchets. The gear–probe OM machine concept can be expanded to applications in nanofluidics and particle sorting.
Toddler With New Onset Diabetes and Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in the Setting of COVID-19

This is a novel case of a 16-month-old boy with a history of prematurity with intrauterine growth restriction, severe failure to thrive, microcephaly, pachygyria, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and postnatal embolic stroke, who presented with new-onset diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis in the setting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, with a course complicated by atypical hemolytic syndrome (aHUS). This patient demonstrated remarkable insulin resistance in the period before aHUS diagnosis, which resolved with the first dose of eculizumab therapy. There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 is associated with thrombotic disorders and that microangiopathic processes and complement-mediated inflammation may be implicated. In this case report, we describe a pediatric patient with COVID-19 and a new complement-mediated microangiopathic thrombotic disease. Because whole-exome sequencing and extensive workup returned without a clear etiology for aHUS, this is likely a COVID-19 triggered case of aHUS versus an idiopathic case that was unmasked by the infection.