cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Experimental Evaluation of IMU Designs

This paper presents the design of an experimental platform for rapid prototyping, testing, evaluation, and validation of different sensor types and configurations for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) applications. Two example IMU designs are rapidly prototyped and tested on this experimental platform. The first design was based on a triad of gyroscopes, three dual-axis accelerometers and a triad of magnetometers to provide information on the Earth’s magnetic field for the purpose of bounding the attitude drift. The second system was based on twelve accelerometers and again a triad of magnetometers. An Unscented Kalman Filtering technique is used to fuse the IMU and magnetometer data in both cases for an Inertial Navigation System (INS). Test results are presented comparing the two IMU designs to each other and to ground truth with minimal magnetic interference and with introduction of deliberate magnetic interference. The results indicate that the two systems have excellent performance for high-speed applications, while at lower speeds the first design outperforms the second design. It is also shown that external magnetic disturbance degrades the performance of both designs.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Analysis of carbohydrates in human cervical mucus.

Evidence shows that sugar is essential for the motility of the human spermatozoa. Fructose is a sugar that is well supplied in the spermatozoa. If the cervical mucus contains utilizable carbohydrates the mucus would provide the spermatozoa with an environment favorable for the nutrition and migration of spermatozoa and could account for the sperm longevity of 72 hours in the mucus. This study attempts to identify and quantify by chromatographic methods the presence of individual sugars in the cervical mucus during varous phases in the menstrual cycle. Mucus aspirates were obtained from young healthy women with normal pelvic structures and normal menstrual cycles of from 23-35 days. Free simple sugars were extracted from the whole mucus specimen by 95% ethyl alcohol at a final concentration of 80%. 99 specimens from 6 subjects followed through a total of 14 menstrual cycles yielded up to 65 mg % glucose per specimen in the alcohol extract. Maltose was the only other free simple sugar in the mucus detectable on the chromatogram occurring at levels up to 80 mg % in approximately half of the specimens examined. Fructose was not found in the mucus. There was some tendency for a decrease in the concentration of these sugars in the ovulatory phase the phase of increased mucus secretion. Total concentration of these nutritive sugars did not appear to be a limiting factor in the cyclic penetrability of cervical mucus by spermatozoa. The mucus was found to exert a significant diastase activity without dependence on the phase of the menstrual cycle.
A Substance Which Prolongs the Life of Adrenalectomized Cats.

We have obtained a substance from the cortex of the adrenal (ox), which prolongs the life of adrenalectomized cats.The water or 0.8% NaCl extract is cleared of much protein and cellular debris by isoelectric precipitation. The substance is then obtained by precipitation with NaCl. Epinephrin is removed by washing.At present we have used this preparation in the treatment of 21 adrenalectomized cats. Two of these cats are not included in this report, because one died from being overheated, and the other is still alive after 175 days, no injections having been given for 100 days.The average length of life of untreated adrenalectomized cats may be taken as 5 to 6 days, judging from the work of Marine and Baumann,1 and our own unpublished results.The first 5 cats in this study lived an average of 15.6 days, although we were constantly modifying our preparation, and at times there was evidence of deterioration. The results were complicated, or the experiment even terminated in some, by infection (Table I).In th...
Chalcogenol Ligand Toolbox for CdSe Nanocrystals and Their Influence on Exciton Relaxation Pathways

We have employed a simple modular approach to install small chalcogenol ligands on the surface of CdSe nanocrystals. This versatile modification strategy provides access to thiol, selenol, and tellurol ligand sets via the in situ reduction of R2E2 (R = tBu, Bn, Ph; E = S, Se, Te) by diphenylphosphine (Ph2PH). The ligand exchange chemistry was analyzed by solution NMR spectroscopy, which reveals that reduction of the R2E2 precursors by Ph2PH directly yields active chalcogenol ligands that subsequently bind to the surface of the CdSe nanocrystals. Thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy provide further evidence for chalcogenol addition to the CdSe surface with a concomitant reduction in overall organic content from the displacement of native ligands. Time-resolved and low temperature photoluminescence measurements showed that all of the phenylchalcogenol ligands rapidly quench the photoluminescence by hole localization onto the ligand. Selenol and tellurol li...
Proper Hepatic Artery Reconstruction With Gastroduodenal Artery Transposition During Pancreaticoduodenectomy

INTRODUCTION Vascular injuries to hepatic arterial blood flow present a challenge in reconstruction. The location and extent of the injury dictate intraoperative decision making, with repair being performed expeditiously to preserve hepatic function. Formal arterial repair either primarily or with interposition or transposition grafts is indicated in the majority of patients. Special consideration should be made in patients with underlying liver disease and those undergoing biliary reconstructions. This latter group of patients is at high risk of complications following the injury secondary to bile duct ischemia. METHODS A case of proper hepatic artery (PHA) transection repaired with gastroduodenal artery (GDA) transposition is presented with a relevant review of limited literature available on the subject. RESULTS During an elective pancreaticoduodenectomy the PHA was inadvertently transected just distal to the origin of the GDA. As the GDA had not been transected at this stage of the operation, it was available for transposition. This was performed, restoring arterial blood flow to the liver and the bile duct. The patient did well postoperatively with no evidence of biliary or pancreatic leak or hepatic dysfunction at both discharge and follow-up clinic visit. CONCLUSION Injuries to hepatic artery injury are uncommon in experienced hands. This case report is only the second instance of such injury requiring reconstruction in 434 cases of single operator experience pancreaticoduodenectomies. We present arterial transposition of GDA as a feasible method to ensure adequate arterial supply to the hepatobiliary system.
The Biology of Pachycrepoideus Dubius Ashmead (Hymenoptera), a Pteromalid Parasite of Piophila Casei Linne

The small pteromalid wasp, Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead, is a primary parasite of the common cheese skipper, Piophila casei Linne. It attacks the host in the pupal stage and is the only parasite of Piophila casei so far as known. This leads to the belief that the earliest record of P. dubius dates back to Swammerdam (1758) who observed a small white grub attacking the cheese skipper. Somewhat later Taylor (18G1) in his writings on the cheese skipper comments on the effectiveness of a minute Ichneumon in keeping the skipper very much in check during the summer.
A Research on the Exterior Direct Investment of Henan Province

In the condition of opening, exterior investment is a necessary choice of a country or an area when economy develops to a certain stage. Exterior investment has various manners and at present the exterior investment of Henan Province mainly adopts the manners of undertaking projects, labor cooperation, and direct investment. Although certain achievements have been made, problems such as irrationality of regional structure and low level of industrial structure still exist. Therefore Henan Province should strengthen the service consciousness of government agencies, establish the main body status of enterprises, adjust the regional structure and industrial structure of exterior investment, and improve the performance of exterior investment of Henan Province.
Comment On: Frequent CTLA4-CD28 Gene Fusion in Diverse Types of T-cell Lymphoma, by Yoo Et Al

We read with great interest the recent article by Yoo et al . published online in the January 2016 issue of Haematologica.[1][1] Their study identified a fusion between the extracellular domain of CTLA4 and the intracellular domain of CD28, presumably arising from a partial tandem duplication on
Nonlinear-optical studies on transition-metal complexes of benzenedithiol and o-aminobenzenethiol

A promising class of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials that has recently attracted some attention is transition-metal complexes, in which the metal center is coordinated in a square-planar configuration to ligands with a delocalized π structure and amino, imino, and/or sulfur groups.
The Journey Toward Ariel

We care about Sylvia Plath because of her poems, and her progress toward her last poems is one of modern literature’s most exciting narratives. For her to approach the kind of rebellious confidence she finally developed required not only immense learning and experimentation in her writing, but a newly defined sense of herself as artist, as well as a more personal philosophy of art.
P099 ROCK Isoforms ROCK 1 and ROCK 2 are Critical for the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Several Different Cell Specific Mechanisms

Background and Rationale: The actin cytoskeleton directs many pro-fibrotic cellular responses in pulmonary fibrosis, including epithelial cell apoptosis, endothelial cell barrier disruption and fibroblast migration and differentiation. The Rho kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 regulate the actin cytoskeleton, making them logical targets for anti-fibrotic therapy. We used a genetic approach to identify the …
A Multicenter Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Bendamustine in the Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Abstract 4940 Background: Bendamustine has evolved as an increasingly used chemotherapeutic agent for diverse lymphomas in the United States (US) and Europe. It is an alkylating agent that was approved in the US for use as a first line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and relapsed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin9s Lymphoma (NHL) in 2008. However, the two pivotal studies that established bendamustine for this indication included only few patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate efficacy of bendamustine in MCL. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all MCL patients who were treated with bendamustine at Jackson Memorial Hospital and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (both in Miami, FL) and the Stanford Cancer Center (in Stanford, CA). The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF), and safety. Results: Thirty MCL patients received bendamustine, 28 in combination with rituximab and 2 as monotherapy. Nineteen of these patients were treated at the University of Miami and 11 at Stanford. The median age at diagnosis was 58 years and 77% of the patients were male. The most common extranodal site of involvement at diagnosis was the bone marrow (57%), followed by the GI tract (33%). Most patients presented with advanced disease, with 69% and 28% of the patients having stage IV and III disease at diagnosis, respectively. Seven patients (23%) were diagnosed with the blastic variant of MCL. Five patients received bendamustine as initial therapy and 25 for relapsed disease. Five of these patients had relapsed MCL after an autologous HSCT The most common schedule was bendamustine 100mg/m 2 on days one and two and rituximab 375mg/m 2 on day one of a 28 day cycle, for a median of six cycles. Of the 30 patients, there were fifteen complete responses (CR) and ten partial responses (PR), for an ORR of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 70–97%). With a median follow-up of 8 months (range 0.3–29.5 months), the median overall survival (OS) was not reached; the one-year OS rate was 73%; the two year OS rate was 67%. When OS and time to treatment failure (TTF) were stratified by response (using a 2-month landmark as the starting point for analysis), patients achieving a CR had a significantly longer OS and TTF compared to patients who did not achieve a CR (log rank p Conclusions: Bendamustine appears to have a favorable profile as a second-line agent for patients with relapsed MCL. The response rate is at least comparable to other therapies, especially when examined in light of the toxicity profile seen with other regimens. This study supports the need for continued investigation of bendamustine as a therapy for MCL patients both in the frontline and relapsed settings in prospective clinical trials, some of which are presently ongoing. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Use of Selective Media to Detect Enzyme Production by Microorganisms in Food Products

Media are described for use in food analysis to detect fungi and bacteria able to excrete extracellular lipases, proteases, pectinases, amylases, and acids. Antibiotics were used to suppress bacterial growth in media that detect fungi. Food products were examined to show the ability of these media to detect contaminating microorganisms able to excrete these enzymes. The possibility that keeping quality of foods could be correlated with numbers of organisms able to excrete these degradative enzymes is discussed. The test media also could be used to obtain total counts of fungal and bacterial populations.
Beating ISIS in the Digital Space: Focus Testing ISIS Defector Counter-Narrative Videos with American College Students

ISIS recruits on a 24/7 basis in over 21 languages over the Internet using videos, memes, tweets and other social media postings and swarming in on anyone that retweets, likes or endorses their materials to try to seduce them into the group. Their unprecedented social media drive has resulted in over 30,000 foreign fighters from more than 100 countries migrating to Syria and Iraq. ISIS recruitment in the U.S. is for the most part Internet based and has resulted in the actual and attempted recruitment of over 100 individuals residing in the U.S. with over 200 Americans traveling to Syria to join terrorist groups. To date very little counter-narrative material exists and most of it is cognitive versus emotionally impactful. The International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) Breaking the ISIS Brand – the ISIS Defectors Interviews Project has managed to collect 43 ISIS defector interviews and thus far produce two video clips of ISIS defectors denouncing the group which were focus tested in this research in a small normative college student sample of 75 undergraduate students. The results demonstrate that American college students find the videos authentic, disturbing and turn them away from ISIS, fulfilling the goals that the project is aiming for in producing counter-narrative materials.
Internally ratiometric fluorescent sensors for evaluation of intracellular GTP levels and distribution

GTP is a major regulator of multiple cellular processes, but tools for quantitative evaluation of GTP levels in live cells have not been available. We report the development and characterization of genetically encoded GTP sensors, which we constructed by inserting a circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein (cpYFP) into a region of the bacterial G protein FeoB that undergoes a GTP-driven conformational change. GTP binding to these sensors results in a ratiometric change in their fluorescence, thereby providing an internally normalized response to changes in GTP levels while minimally perturbing those levels. Mutations introduced into FeoB to alter its affinity for GTP created a series of sensors with a wide dynamic range. Critically, in mammalian cells the sensors showed consistent changes in ratiometric signal upon depletion or restoration of GTP pools. We show that these GTP evaluators (GEVALs) are suitable for detection of spatiotemporal changes in GTP levels in living cells and for high-throughput screening of molecules that modulate GTP levels.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness to methamphetamine is modulated by gonadectomy in males

Abstract Sex differences in patterns of methamphetamine (MA) abuse have been reported with females (humans and rodents) showing an elevated addiction phenotype. Previous findings indicate MA-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation is also sexually dimorphic with females exhibiting an elevated glucocorticoid release and differential neural activation patterns within HPA axis-associated brain regions. These effects may contribute to sex differences in abuse. To determine the role of gonadal hormones in mediating sex differences in MA-induced glucocorticoids, male and female C57BL/6J mice were gonadectomized or sham-operated, and following recovery, injected with MA (5 mg/kg) and sacrificed 60 min or 120 min later. Blood was collected for corticosterone radioimmunoassay, and brains were used to assess c-Fos, and c-Fos co-localization with glucocorticoid receptor (GR). At 120 min after MA injection, corticosterone levels were elevated in females compared to males and gonadectomy in males increased corticosterone to female levels. C-Fos was greater in females than males in the medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, basolateral amygdala, and central amygdala. Female gonadectomy had little effect on either corticosterone or c-Fos, while male gonadectomy elevated c-Fos in the central amygdala. Relative to sham males, gonadectomized males also showed decreased c-Fos/GR cell number in the CA3 hippocampal area compared to sham males, indicating a central site for attenuated negative feedback. Together, these findings indicate that androgens regulate MA-induced activation of the HPA axis, potentially by enhancing negative feedback. These sex and gonadal hormone effects on the HPA axis may contribute to sex differences in MA abuse patterns.
Vorticity transport mechanisms governing the development of leading-edge vortices

The sequence of events constituting the formation of a leading-edge vortex (LEV) has been investigated for a periodically plunging nominally two-dimensional flat plate and a similarly articulated plate of aspect ratio two. Particle image velocimetry applied in multiple parallel planes and unsteady surface pressure measurements were used to quantify the sources and sinks of vorticity governing the growth of circulation in a control region moving with the plate in each case. In the two-dimensional case, the initial accumulation of (negative) vorticity in the nascent LEV produces a strong surface diffusive flux of vorticity that erodes the connection between the LEV and downstream boundary layer through cross-cancelation, initiating the ‘roll up’ of the LEV. Despite the significant diffusive flux earlier in the vortex development, there is no significant accumulation of secondary vorticity until after the severing occurs. The growth of the secondary vortex reduces the suction near the leading edge, such as to result in a self-limiting mechanism on the diffusive flux. In the finite-aspect-ratio case, a similar development is observed, except that the formation process is regulated or reversed by the spanwise convection of vorticity, which opposes the action of the surface diffusive flux. The physical mechanisms of vortex formation or reversal identified here can provide a basis for the design of passive or active flow control strategies to regulate vortex development.
Creation and Efficacy of a Cadaver-Based Prosection Anatomical Course for Critical Care Advanced Practice Providers.

Objective Intensive care units (ICUs) increasingly rely on advanced practice providers (APPs) to care for critically ill patients. Our institutional APPs perceived functional anatomical knowledge deficits. To meet this need, a cadaver-based prosection course was developed. The purpose of our study was to describe and evaluate the learner-perceived course efficacy. Design A precourse survey collected participant demographics. Precourse and postcourse surveys assessed perceived confidence in 13 anatomical areas. The postcourse survey also evaluated preparedness to perform ICU procedures and to care for postoperative patients, and additionally, gauged participant satisfaction and opinions. Summary statistics and pre-post survey comparisons were performed using Stata 14.0. Participants Twenty-five APPs, all Advanced Practice Registered Nurse certified and working within our tertiary care ICUs, completed the course. Participants practiced in a variety of ICUs, inclusive of neurologic/neurosurgical (4.0%), burn (8.0%), medical (12.0%), trauma (28.0%) and surgical (48.0%), and typically held a Masters of Science in Nursing as his/her highest attained degree. Experience levels ranged from 0 to 8 years. Results Precourse survey results confirmed perceived anatomical knowledge deficits, noting median APP scores 3.00 or less, correlating to neutral to very little confidence, in all 13 queried anatomical areas. Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical analysis revealed significantly improved confidence level in anatomic knowledge following course completion in all 13 anatomical areas. Aligning with the improved confidence, most participants felt they were better prepared to perform ICU procedures and care for patients following operative intervention. Conclusion Cadaver-based anatomical training has significant benefit to ICU APPs perceived knowledge and performance.
Impact of a Novel Wellness Group Visit Model on Obesity and Behavior Change

Background: Increasing weight-related illness in the United States has led to 120,000 preventable deaths annually and soaring medical costs. Treating patients in a group setting may be more effective than traditional care (TC) in achieving behavioral change. We studied a wellness-group (WG) model to determine whether it could generate sustained behavioral change and weight loss in a subset of patients. Methods: 99 patients with a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m 2 from 1 family practice volunteered to participate in a 15-visit WG co-led by a family physician and dietitian. We compared these WG patients with 190 patients who had a BMI >30 kg/m 2 and who received TC in the form of an annual physical during the same time period. The patients were mostly white, highly educated, and of middle-to-high-income households. All patients were surveyed on their ability to sustain 12 wellness behaviors 3 months after completing their WG or physical. Patients were not paid to complete the survey. We reviewed medical charts for weight, BMI, blood pressure, lipids, and glycohemoglobin before and at least 1 year after the WG or physical. WG patients’ weights were recorded at the beginning and end of the WG as was the weight from their most recent office visit. Results: WG patients were more likely to report sustaining 12 of 12 wellness behaviors than patients who received TC with an annual physical. At 1 year, WG patients also lost more weight than TC patients (−13.21 pounds for WG vs +1.94 pounds for TC) and achieved greater reduction in their systolic blood pressure (−6.96 mm Hg for WG vs −1.13 mm Hg for TC). Average weight gained after the WG was 6.9 pounds. Among WG patients, 61% lost a clinically relevant amount of weight (>5%). Of the WG patients who lost clinically relevant weight, 71% were able to maintain at least half of their weight loss 3 years later. Conclusions: An observational study of a novel WG model showed that WG patients sustained wellness behaviors and weight loss over time when compared with patients who received TC.
Detecting and treating errors in tests and surveys

Surveys that include skill measures may suffer from additional sources of error compared to those containing questionnaires alone. Examples are distractions such as noise or interruptions of testing sessions, as well as fatigue or lack of motivation to succeed. This paper aims to provide a review of statistical tools based on latent variable modeling approaches extended by explanatory variables that allow detection of survey errors in skill surveys.,This paper reviews psychometric methods for detecting sources of error in cognitive assessments and questionnaires. Aside from traditional item responses, new sources of data in computer-based assessment are available – timing data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and data from questionnaires – to help detect survey errors.,Some unexpected results are reported. Respondents who tend to use response sets have lower expected values on PIAAC literacy scales, even after controlling for scores on the skill-use scale that was used to derive the response tendency.,The use of new sources of data, such as timing and log-file or process data information, provides new avenues to detect response errors. It demonstrates that large data collections need to better utilize available information and that integration of assessment, modeling and substantive theory needs to be taken more seriously.
Index finger pointing (Likely a Subtle Form of Hand Dystonia): Prevalence across movement disorders

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of index finger pointing (IFP) while walking, which is likely a subtle form of hand dystonia, in cranio-cervical focal dystonia syndromes, Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and controls. Methods: We recruited patients with an established diagnosis of PD, dystonia, or ET and healthy controls. All participants were videotaped while walking. Videotapes were evaluated by the authors, blinded to diagnosis, to assess the presence or absence of IFP. Results: Two-hundred-fifty participants included 50 dystonia, 50 PD, 80 ET and 70 controls. IFP was present in 29/250 (11.6%) participants: 10 dystonia (20.0%), 8 PD (16.0%), 8 ET (10.0%) and 3 controls (3.8%) (p = 0.03). There was a significant evidence of a trend in the odds of having this sign among disorders with higher risk of dystonic features (dystonia>PD>ET>control; test for trend = 0.004). Among the 180 patients (dystonia, PD, and ET, i.e., excluding the 70 controls), IFP was present in 26 (14.4% prevalence). Conclusion: IFP during gait, likely a subtle form of hand dystonia, was observed in 14.4% of movement disorder patients. The highest prevalence was in dystonia, the second highest in a disease that is often accompanied by dystonia (PD), a lower prevalence among individuals with a disease that is rarely accompanied by dystonia (ET), and the lowest in controls.
Skull and Facial Bone Injury Biomechanics

The skull and facial bones are biomechanically complex. This chapter outlines existing research on the impact and fracture response of the skull and facial bones including the calvarium, maxilla, zygomatic bone, nasal bone, orbit, and mandible. The chapter begins with a discussion of biomechanically relevant anatomy and a discussion of injury severity scales for skull and facial fracture. Discussion includes a detailed description of the available research on impact tolerance of skull and facial bones. These studies show that impact and fracture response is strongly dependent on location, bony impact geometry, and contact area. The chapter concludes with an outline of the available, but limited, information on injury risk functions for skull and facial bones. These risk functions are restricted to skull fracture and maxilla/zygoma injury assessments.
Model Building: Correlations

For the completeness of the presentation, and to facilitate applicability and empirical verification of the results presented in this book, we also present some useful long correlations formulas, derived and used symbolically throughout this book.
Growth Patterns of Antibody-Forming Cell Populations

A comprehensive review of the proliferative events involved in the antibody response will not be attempted here in the classical sense. Rather, we shall take an unorthodox approach and discuss, in relation to various models, the current data on the antigen-triggered exponential rise in antibody-forming cells. There are several reasons for taking this approach. 1. In recent years there have been several comprehensive reviews (Dutton, 1967; Makinodan and Albright, 1967; Uhr and Finkelstein, 1967), symposia (Symposium on Molecular and Cellular Basis of Antibody Formation, 1965; Cold Spring Harbor Symposia, 1967), and workshops (Midwinter Conference of Immuno-logists, 1968; Gordon Research Conferences, Immunochemistry and Immuno-biology, 1968; Southeastern Workshop of Immunology, 1968) covering this subject, but critical evaluation of models has been lacking. 2. In view of recent technological advances in immunology and data analysis, most models are now testable and therefore should be discussed. 3. By approaching this problem in terms of model analysis, we hope that quantitative data on antigen-triggered differentiation (transformation, proliferation, and death) can be obtained. We can then focus our attention on the more complex and fascinating problem of homeostasis in the immune response at the cellular level. 4.
Glucocorticoid regulation of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase genes in lymphoid cells

These experiments were undertaken to study cell cycle-dependent regulation of expression of genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). P1798 T-lymphoma cells were studied as a model system, since these cells undergo reversible G0 arrest within 24 h after addition of 0.1 microM dexamethasone to mid log phase cultures. G0 arrest is associated with inhibition of expression of several Cdks. The mRNAs encoding Cdk1 and Cdk4 decreased by 80-90% within 24 h. Fifty % inhibition of Cdk4 mRNA occurred within about 4 h, and 50% inhibition of Cdk1 mRNA was observed within 12-14 h. There was a slight decrease ( 90% under these circumstances. P1798 cells enter S phase in a synchronous fashion within 16-20 h after removal of dexamethasone. Cdk1, Cdk2, and Cdk5 mRNAs and proteins increased at or after the time that cells began to enter S phase. The mRNA encoding Cdk4 increased much more rapidly after removal of glucocorticoids, and a 5-fold increase in Cdk4 mRNA abundance was observed within 8 h after removal of the steroid. A corresponding increase in Cdk4 protein was observed, indicating that inhibition of Cdk4 expression is more proximal to the glucocorticoid-induced blockade in G1 progression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Measurements an Introduction

One of the goals of the session on sea surface temperature measurements at this conference was to discuss the long standing problems that have prevented satellite infrared observations from achieving agreement with ship and other in-situ results to better than 1° C average r.m.s. temperature error. Some errors are definitely due to atmospheric contamination of the satellite data, and the problems of correcting these for current satellites were discussed by several authors, but several more general points were also raised. Sea surface temperatures as measured by thermometers, bucket or intake, may be “accurate” insofar as the calibration of the thermometer is concerned, but what do such so-called ground truth measurements really represent? The question of comparison data sets received much discussion, with general agreement that one must be very careful not to quote “error” in the context that one measurement represents the “truth” against which another measurement or inferred value is compared. Comparison data sets, especially for SST, needs much more investigation. Part of the residual differences, not errors, between different measurement sets will consist of real differences in physical processes, or in time and space sampling of the different measurements.
Models in Population Biology

In this chapter we consider random perturbations of ecological systems, of epidemic disease processes, and of demographic models. In the next chapter we consider several problems from genetics. In each case, we describe classical models for these phenomena and some useful results concerning their asymptotic behavior for large time. Then we describe how random noise perturbations can be included in these models, and we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the resulting systems using the methods in this book. In each case, we compare the behavior of perturbed and unperturbed systems.
Pathophysiology of Brain Injury

TBI is the most common cause of pediatric traumatic death. Incidence increased in children <four-years-old and 15–19-years-old.
The Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Transcriptional Activator OccR Causes a Bend at a Target Promoter that is Partially Relaxed by a Plant Tumor Metabolite

Crown gall tumors incited by A. tumefaciens release compounds called opines, which serve as nutrient sources and as signal molecules for the colonizing bacteria. One such opine, octopine, induces expression of a cognate catabolism operon (occQ) via a LysK-type protein called OccR. Here we describe biochemical properties of complexes formed between OccR and operator DNA. This regulatory system was reconstituted in vitro using purified OccR protein and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. OccR binds with high affinity to a single site overlapping the divergent occQ and occR promoters. Octopine increases the gel mobility of OccR-DNA complexes, relaxes an OccR-incited DNA bend, and shortens the DNase I footprint of OccR. This operator contains a 6 bp dyad symmetry in its left half and an unrelated 4 bp dyad symmetry in its right half. A 19 bp region including the right dyad is necessary and sufficient for high affinity OccR binding; while a larger region including both the left and right dyads is necessary for DNA bending and transcriptional repression.
Threat, trust, and Trump: identity and voting in the 2016 presidential election

Using longitudinal data from 421 MTurk participants, collected over 6 months surrounding the 2016 election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, we investigated the relationships among identity...
Study of TiN and TaN Underlayer Properties and Their Influence on W Growth

The changes in tungsten (W) film growth and resistance are studied using different titanium nitride (TiN) and tantalum nitride (TaN) underlayer films. The underlayers are analyzed by surface characterization techniques to obtain the differences in surface morphology and grain sizes that influence the growth of W on these films. Different precursors and processes used for TiN deposition affect the W growth and film properties. It is important to monitor the changes in incoming TiN resistance as a part of the W process qualification. This enables maintaining W process stability and reducing fab downtime due to false fails.
Left ventricular filling pressure in Tetralogy of Fallot: Correlation between invasive and noninvasive indices

Abstract Background Left heart filling pressures, as measured by pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), is associated with heart failure related mortality. Because of the prognostic importance of PAWP, several echocardiographic indices have been proposed for noninvasive assessment of PAWP. However, these indices have not been validated in the congenital heart disease population. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between echocardiographic indices of PAWP, and the effect of high PAWP on transplant-free survival in adults with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods Retrospective study of adult TOF patients that underwent cardiac catheterization at Mayo Clinic, 1990–2017. We selected these pre-defined set of echocardiographic indices of LV diastolic function: mitral valve early velocity (E), mitral valve early and late velocity ratio (E/A), mitral valve deceleration time (DT), mitral annular tissue Doppler early velocity (e′), and left atrial volume index (LAVI). Results Of the echocardiographic indices analyzed among 213 patients (age 37 ± 14 years), only E velocity (β = 5.83, standard error = 1.52, p 28 ml/m2 had sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 63% (AUC 0.712), and E velocity > 1.0 m/s had sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 89% (AUC 0.692), for detecting PAWP > 15 mmHg. LAVI > 28 ml/m2 was associated with reduced 10-year transplant-free survival (49% vs 90%, p Conclusion This study supports the use of LAVI for noninvasive assessment of PAWP and for prognostication. Further studies are required to validate these results in a different population.
AKAP Signaling Islands: Venues for Precision Pharmacology

Regulatory enzymes often have different roles in distinct subcellular compartments. Yet, most drugs indiscriminately saturate the cell. Thus, subcellular drug-delivery holds promise as a means to reduce off-target pharmacological effects. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) sequester combinations of signaling enzymes within subcellular microdomains. Targeting drugs to these 'signaling islands' offers an opportunity for more precise delivery of therapeutics. Here, we review mechanisms that bestow protein kinase A (PKA) versatility inside the cell, appraise recent advances in exploiting AKAPs as platforms for precision pharmacology, and explore the impact of methodological innovations on AKAP research.
Exploring the development of students’ identities as educational leaders and educational researchers in a professional practice doctoral program

The researcher examined how end-of-first-year students in a professional practice doctoral program were developing professional identities as educational leaders and educational researchers, resear...
Persistence of Nonlinear Structures in Plasmas

Collisionless plasmas are governed by strictly reversible equations. Nevertheless, small systematic perturbations of a neutral hot plasma will be dissipated by “Landau damping”: the perturbations become “chaotic” and the plasma returns to neutrality. However, undulatory perturbations of finite amplitude have potential troughs which trap a significant fraction of the charged particles [1]. This allows the potentials, and non-neutrality, to persist indefinitely. Natural and manufactured plasmas can therefore be expected to be rich in electric (as well as magnetic) fields.
Evaluation of the metformin initiation rate in veterans with newly identified type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Background An estimated 35 million individuals in the United States have diabetes. The American Diabetes Association recommends metformin as first-line pharmacologic treatment. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the metformin initiation rate in veterans with recently identified type 2 diabetes. Methods Veterans with new onset type 2 diabetes were identified using National Veterans Health Administration Data. Retrospective information was obtained from those with a first A1C ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) between 2013 and 2018. Veterans with at least one additional A1C Results A total of 144,180 veterans were included. Of those, 45,776 (31.7%) were started on metformin within one year of diabetes diagnosis. The median time to metformin initiation was 12 days and median time to initiation of any anti-hyperglycemic was 11 days. Approximately 16,000 veterans were referred for lifestyle interventions within 90 days. Conclusion Metformin initiation occurred in fewer patients than expected given metformin is a generic, well-tolerated medication recommended as first-line pharmacologic treatment option regardless of A1C. Further studies are needed to assess the barriers of initiating metformin at time of diabetes diagnosis.
A Model for Ant Trail Formation and its Convergence Properties (Extended Abstract).

We introduce a model for ant trail formation, building upon previous work on biologically feasible local algorithms that plausibly describe how ants maintain trail networks. The model is a variant of a reinforced random walk on a directed graph, where ants lay pheromone on edges as they traverse them and the next edge to traverse is chosen based on the level of pheromone; this pheromone decays with time. There is a bidirectional flow of ants in the network: the forward flow proceeds along forward edges from source (e.g. the nest) to sink (e.g. a food source), and the backward flow in the opposite direction. Some fraction of ants are lost as they pass through each node (modeling the loss of ants due to exploration observed in the field). We initiate a theoretical study of this model. We note that ant navigation has inspired the field of ant colony optimization, heuristics that have been applied to several combinatorial optimization problems; however the algorithms developed there are considerably more complex and not constrained to being biologically feasible. We first consider the linear decision rule, where the flow divides itself among the next set of edges in proportion to their pheromone level. Here, we show that the process converges to the path with minimum leakage when the forward and backward flows do not change over time. On the other hand, when the forward and backward flows increase over time (caused by positive reinforcement from the discovery of a food source, for example), we show that the process converges to the shortest path. These results are for graphs consisting of two parallel paths (a case that has been investigated before in experiments). Through simulations, we show that these results hold for more general graphs drawn from various random graph models; proving this convergence in the general case is an interesting open problem. Further, to understand the behaviour of other decision rules beyond the linear rule, we consider a general family of decision rules. For this family, we show that there is no advantage of using a non-linear decision rule, if the goal is to find the shortest or the minimum leakage path. We also show that bidirectional flow is necessary for convergence to such paths. Our results provide a plausible explanation for field observations, and open up new avenues for further theoretical and experimental investigation.
Effects of amino acid additives on protein solubility – insights from desorption and direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Naturally occurring amino acids have been broadly used as additives to improve protein solubility and inhibit aggregation. In this study, improvements in protein signal intensity obtained with the addition of L-serine, and structural analogs, to the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) spray solvent were measured. The results were interpreted at the hand of proposed mechanisms of solution additive effects on protein solubility and dissolution. DESI-MS allows for these processes to be studied efficiently using dilute concentrations of additives and small amounts of proteins, advantages that represent real benefits compared to classical methods of studying protein stability and aggregation. We show that serine significantly increases the protein signal in DESI-MS when native proteins are undergoing unfolding during the dissolution process with an acidic solvent system (p-value = 0.0001), or with ammonium bicarbonate under denaturing conditions for proteins with high isoelectric points (p-value = 0.001). We establish that a similar increase in the protein signal cannot be observed with direct ESI-MS, and the observed increase is therefore not related to ionization processes or changes in the physical properties of the bulk solution. The importance of the presence of serine during protein conformational changes while undergoing dissolution is demonstrated through comparisons between the analyses of proteins deposited in native or unfolded states and by using native state-preserving and denaturing desorption solvents. We hypothesize that direct, non-covalent interactions involving all three functional groups of serine are involved in the beneficial effect on protein solubility and dissolution. Supporting evidence for a direct interaction include a reduction in efficacy with D-serine or the racemic mixture, indicating a non-bulk-solution physical property effect; insensitivity to the sample surface type or relative placement of serine addition; and a reduction in efficacy with any modifications to the serine structure, most notably the carboxyl functional group. An alternative hypothesis, also supported by some of our observations, could involve the role of serine clusters in the mechanism of solubility enhancement. Our study demonstrates the capability of DESI-MS together with complementary ESI-MS experiments as a novel tool for understanding protein solubility and dissolution and investigating the mechanism of action for solubility-enhancing additives.
Thermochromism in Some Metallocenes and Derivatives

Certain metallocene derivatives and a metallocene clathrate are found, both in the solid state and in solution, to change color at low temperatures.
Adapting cloud computing service models to subscriber requirements

Cloud computing is a form of computing that enables using organizations to deploy and access applications over the Internet on demand in a dynamically scalable and virtualized form. This paper discusses organizational requirements for cloud computing and different forms of cloud computing. It examines ways in which cloud computing service models can be matched to a subscriber's information processing requirements and lays the foundation for a testable model.
Does multi-morbidity mediate the effect of socioeconomics on self-rated health? cross-country differences

Background: This study explored cross‑country differences in how multi‑morbidity explains the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on self‑rated health. Methods: The study borrowed data from the Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects. Participants were 44,530 individuals (age >65 years) who were sampled from 15 countries (i.e. United States, China, India, Russia, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Uruguay, Ghana and South Africa). Multi‑morbidity was measured as number of chronic medical conditions. In Model I, main effects of socioeconomic factors on self‑rated health were calculated using country‑specific logistic regressions. In Model II, number of chronic conditions were also added to the models to find changes in coefficients for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Results: In the United States, number of chronic medical conditions explained the effect of income on subjective health. In Puerto Rico, number of chronic medical conditions explained the effect of marital status on subjective health. In Costa Rica, Argentina, Barbados, Cuba, and Uruguay, number of chronic medical conditions explained gender disparities in subjective health. In China, Mexico, Brazil, Russia, Chile, India, Ghana and South Africa, number of chronic medical conditions did not explain the effect of demographic or socioeconomic factors on subjective health. Conclusions: Multi‑morbidity explains the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors on subjective health in some but not other countries. Further research is needed.