cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Uterine Bleeding

R ICHARDSON (i) defines functional bleeding as that which appears in the absence of gross lesions at unexpected times or in abnormal amounts. The cause is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a dysfunction of one or more of the ovarian or pituitary hormones. It is an extremely bothersome syndrome both to the patient and to the physician. Its frequency and widespread occurrence are well known, and it is therefore of definite interest not only to the gynecologist and endocrinologist, but also to the general practitioner, internist and surgeon. Its etiologic factors are obscure and the contribu' tions of the experimental laboratory to its pathogene' sis have been meager. No true pathological bleeding has been produced experimentally, although many menstrual and pseudomenstrual bleedings have been induced with hormonal agents both in woman and monkey (a). Functional bleeding may occur from any type of endometrium, cystic and hyperplastic, proliferative, progestational or atrophic. Experimentally, neither the pituitary nor the ovary is essential for uterine bleeding, and Kurzxok (3) believes the responsible factors reside in the endometrium. Up to recent times, the estrogen withdrawal theory or aberrant estrogenic function has been the basis of all etiological theories. However, it does not explain the bleeding that is clinically noted when con' tinuous large doses of estrogen are given. Also the cystic glandular hyperplasia type, which constitutes probably one-third of all types of functional bleeding, is not satisfactorily explained by an excessive estrogenie supply. Kurzrok (3) points out that neither the blood nor the urine of such patients shows higher estrogenic titers. And furthermore, other tissues supplied by estrogens do not show the effects of overstimulation such as enlargement of the breasts or uterus. Kurzrok therefore feels that it is an endometrial affair, the endometrium taking more than its share of the estrogens and this in turn causing more estrogen to be produced by the ovary. And so the endometrium may be the cause of the cystic follicles so frequently found in the ovaries of such patients rather than the cystic follicles causing the hyperplastic endometrium.
Study on the Analysis and Marketing Strategy of Oversea Tourist Market——as case as Gansu province

At the beginning,the paper expounded the theory on tourist market analysis and marketing.Then based on the spot investigation of Lanzhou,Wuwei,Dunhuang and Tianshui city in 2005 and the statistical data of Gansu Tourist Bureau,the paper analyzed oversea tourist market and marketing on which in Gansu province,which provided basic data and gist for developing the tourism in Gansu province.
Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in mild human hypertension

There is substantial evidence for increased sympathetic nerve activity in young, mildly hypertensive humans. This evidence has been derived mainly from measurements of plasma catecholamines and from responses to adrenergic antagonists and agonists in normotensive and mildly hypertensive subjects. In addition, in recent studies direct measurements of sympathetic nerve activity to the muscle circulation have been obtained by microneurography. These data also indicate that sympathetic nerve activity is increased in young, mildly hypertensive humans. The present paper reviews this work with microneurographic measurements and highlights several concepts. (1) The increases in sympathetic nerve activity to the muscle in mild hypertension are not a result of impairment in the inhibitory influence of arterial baroreceptors; presumably, they reflect a heightened central nervous system sympathetic drive. (2) In the supine position the inhibitory influence of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors on sympathetic nerve activity is increased in mild hypertension. This increase in cardiopulmonary baroreflex control buffers the heightened sympathetic neural drive in mildly hypertensive subjects in the supine position, but withdrawal of this increase during orthostatic stress produces exaggerated reflex sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses to orthostasis in mildly hypertensive subjects. (3) Arterial chemoreceptor reflexes are increased in mildly hypertensive subjects and lead to exaggerated increases in sympathetic nerve activity during hypoxia. (4) There is increasing evidence that two humoral agents, epinephrine and insulin, exert excitatory effects on sympathetic neural outflow, which may contribute to the increased sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in human hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Convex Primal Formulation for Convex Hull Pricing

In certain electricity markets, because of nonconvexities that arise from their operating characteristics, generators that follow the independent system operator's (ISO's) decisions may fail to recover their cost through sales of energy at locational marginal prices. The ISO makes discriminatory side payments to incentivize the compliance of generators. Convex hull pricing is a uniform pricing scheme that minimizes these side payments. The Lagrangian dual problem of the unit commitment problem has been solved in the dual space to determine convex hull prices. However, this approach is computationally expensive. We propose a polynomially solvable primal formulation for the Lagrangian dual problem. This formulation explicitly describes for each generating unit the convex hull of its feasible set and the convex envelope of its cost function. We cast our formulation as a second-order cone program when the cost functions are quadratic, and a linear program when the cost functions are piecewise linear. A 96-period 76-unit transmission-constrained example is solved in less than 15 s on a personal computer.
A new genus, Ileopeltus, related to Chlorotettix (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

On the basis of their unique genitalic characters, the Neotropical leafhopper species previously treated in the genus Doleranus Ball are placed in a new genus, Ileopeltus . Twelve species are treated, including six described as new. A key to the species and a cladistic hypothesis using Chlorotettix Van Duzee as the outgroup are presented. The new species of Ileopeltus include: nanocanthus (Panama), dorsalus and clavatus (Brazil and Venezuela), ventriculus and haplus (Brazil), and blockeri (Venezuela).
Realistic packet reordering for network emulation and simulation

We present an algorithm that takes measurements of the packet Reorder Density (RD) metric and generates reordering sequences. These sequences can be used by a simulator or emulator to precisely and repeatably reorder packets in a way that recreates the original RD. We show that our algorithm is efficient for a range of realistic reordering scenarios, and present an extension to the Dummynet emulator that uses makes use of it.
Polynomial Preserving Recovery for High Frequency Wave Propagation

Polynomial preserving recovery (PPR) was first proposed and analyzed in Zhang and Naga in SIAM J Sci Comput 26(4):1192---1213, (2005), with intensive following applications on elliptic problems. In this paper, we generalize the study of PPR to high-frequency wave propagation. Specifically, we establish the supercloseness between finite element solution and its interpolation with explicit dependence on the frequency of wavefield, and then prove the superconvergence of PPR for high-frequency solutions to wave equation based on the supercloseness. We also present several numerical examples of PPR for both low-frequency and high-frequency wave propagation in order to confirm the theoretical results of superconvergence analysis.
Pharmaceutical Antitrust: What the Trump Administration Can Do

Drug prices are in the news. “Pharma Bro” Martin Shkreli increased the price of Daraprim, a treatment for fatal parasitic infections, by 5000%. Mylan found itself on the hot seat for raising the price of the anaphylaxis-treating EpiPen 15 times in 7 years, resulting in a 400% increase to more than $600. Politicians rail about the harms of high drug prices.What can the next Administration do? A lot. This article shows how — even without directly regulating price — it can use antitrust law to reduce prices by challenging an array of anticompetitive behavior. It can target settlements by which brand drug firms pay generics to delay entering the market. It can go after “product hopping,” by which a brand firm switches from one version of a drug to another to forestall generic competition. It can target distribution restrictions that brands have instituted to block generics. And it can challenge other conduct in the industry. In short, antitrust law has a vital role to play. Antitrust is about competition, which lowers prices and increases choice. Consumers in the pharmaceutical industry suffer harms as directly in this setting as anywhere. High drug prices have resulted in patients not being able to take vital medicines or splitting pills in half. To add insult to injury, this anticompetitive behavior typically is not justified based on innovation or patents. The agencies in the next Administration have important tasks ahead of them in targeting conduct in the pharmaceutical industry.
Incorporating stability and resilience in energy policy for the U.S. power sector: Recommendations for the Trump administration

Abstract With the impending transition in energy policy, the inevitability of political transitions should be accounted for in order to avoid an unsustainable shift in policy that is short-lived and introduces uncertainty for the U.S. power sector. A policy correction rather than an outright reversal can offer a middle ground for energy-environmental centrists to sustain pragmatic energy policy through political transitions, and engagement in international climate talks independent of the administration’s position on climate change.
Strategic Use of Synchronized Phasor Measurements to Improve Network Parameter Error Detection

The Normalized Lagrange Multiplier (NLM) test is generally effective for network parameter error identification, but suffers occasional detection failures even in the presence of substantial parameter errors. This paper exploits synchronized phasor measurements to address this issue. The parameters whose errors may go undetected are identified, and an index is defined to quantify the power of the NLM test for different parameters. Additional indices to gauge the impact of different parameter errors on the state estimation solution are also derived. Finally, a strategy for using phasor measurement units (PMUs) to avoid parameter error detection failures is presented by formulating an optimization problem using these derived indices. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the benefits brought by the strategic use of PMUs, and to validate the proposed problem formulation and solution.
Giant Cell Arteritis: Current and Future Treatment Options

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis affecting patients over the age of 50. Glucocorticoids have been the mainstay of GCA treatment for nearly 70 years. While prompt treatment with prednisone at a dose of at least 40 mg is effective in preventing severe ischemic complications such as visual loss, frequent relapses and treatment-related morbidity remain significant challenges. New insights into disease pathogenesis have led to recent approval of tocilizumab for the treatment of GCA in conjunction with prednisone. While tocilizumab was studied in patients with new-onset disease, it is not yet clear whether it will be used routinely as initial therapy or will be primarily used in patients with relapsing disease or those intolerant to glucocorticoids. Prior to tocilizumab approval, methotrexate was the first-line steroidsparing agent and will likely continue to have a role in the treatment of GCA due to its modest steroidsparing effect. Other biologics such as abatacept and ustekinumab may have efficacy in GCA but require further study. Experience with cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, leflunomide, and mycophenolate mofetil is limited to small studies and their efficacy in GCA is uncertain. The use of intravenous glucocorticoids for patients with ocular symptoms and duration of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with GCA also require further study. Aspirin may help prevent ischemic complications in GCA; however, prospective studies of this agent are lacking.
The Spiritual Brain: Science and Religious Experience

Until the late eighteenth century, religions, particularly in the West, were defined by their sacred texts and dogmatic formulations. Friedrich Schleiermacher, in the late eighteenth century, was one of the first scholars that attempted to define “religion” by switching from a doctrinal emphasis to a more cognitive, visceral, or intuitive one. Schleiermacher defined religion as a “feeling of absolute dependence.” Since his day most attempts at a general definition of religion have relied heavily on emphasizing the intuitive, emotional, or visceral elements rather than the doctrinal ones. This shift has important implications for bringing a neuroscientific approach to the study of religion. However, this also results in a neuroscientific approach to both religious and non-religious spirituality and spiritual experiences. In fact, as the definitions have evolved, the distinction between spirituality and religiousness has become much more complicated.
Changes in vowel space characteristics during speech development based on longitudinal of measurements of formant frequencies

During speech development, a child’s vocal tract undergoes changes due to growth of anatomic structures. Such changes typically lower the formant frequencies, reshaping the [F1,F2] vowel space. Much of what is known about vowel space change, however, is based on cross-sectional formant measurements averaged over children in various age groups. The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the vowel space of four children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Longitudinally-collected audio recordings of four children (2F,2M) were selected from the Arizona Child Acoustic Database. Each child had been recorded every four months from ages 2-6 years, and produced a variety of words, phrases, vowel-vowel progressions, and occasional spontaneous speech. Formant frequencies (F1 and F2 only) were measured from the recordings using a spectral filtering technique. At each age increment, the formant frequencies for each child were plotted as vowel space density, where the “density” dimension indicates the relative tendency of a talker to produce sound in particular region of the vowel space. The change in location and shape of the density cloud during this period of development will be demonstrated. [Research supported by NIH R01-DC011275, NSF BCS-1145011.]
Artificial blood: an update on current red cell and platelet substitutes.

To begin, it should be clarified that the term “artificial blood” is really a misnomer. The complexity of blood is far too great to allow for absolute duplication in a laboratory. Instead, researchers have focused their efforts on creating artificial substitutes for 2 important functions of blood: oxygen transport by red blood cells and hemostasis by platelets. A number of driving forces have led to the development of artificial blood substitutes (1). One major force is the military, which requires a large volume of blood products that can be easily stored and readily shipped to the site of casualties. Another force is HIV; with the advent of this virus, the medical community and the public suddenly became aware of the significance of transfusion-transmitted diseases and became concerned about the safety of the national blood supply. A third force is the growing shortage of blood donors. Approximately 60% of the population is eligible to donate blood, but fewer than 5% are regular blood donors (2). A unit of blood is transfused every 3 seconds in the USA, and the number of units transfused each year has been increasing at twice the rate of donor collection. Artificial blood products offer many important benefits (3). First, they are readily available and have a long shelf life, allowing them to be stocked in emergency rooms and ambulances and easily shipped to areas of need. Second, they can undergo filtration and pasteurization processes to virtually eliminate microbial contamination. No product can claim to be 100% risk-free for infectious agents, but these substitutes have a greatly increased level of safety. Third, they do not require blood typing, so they can be infused immediately and for all patient blood types. Fourth, they do not appear to cause immunosuppression in the recipient. In the sections that follow, the different types of red cell and platelet substitutes currently under development will be briefly reviewed.
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the clinical effects of split- versus single-dose human menopausal gonadotropins in an assisted reproductive technology program*

Objective To compare the effect of twice (split) versus once (single) daily administration of hMG on assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle parameters. Design A randomized clinical trial. Setting Hospital-based academic ART program. Patients A total of 171 patients undergoing their initial ART cycle were enrolled. All patients received one of two hMG regimens and were excluded from the study if they were receiving medications other than leuprolide acetate (LA) and hMG for ovulation induction. Interventions Subjects were randomized to receive an initial dose of 300 IU/d of hMG in either split-dose (i.e., 150 IU twice daily) or single-dose fashion for four successive days after down-regulation with LA. Thereafter, their daily dose was individualized, maintaining a split- or single-dose schedule. All cycles were managed in accordance with our standard ART protocols. Main Outcome Measures Cancellation rate, total hMG requirements, number of days treated with hMG, E2 and P responses, oocyte yield and maturity, fertilization rate, total number of embryos, embryo quality, number of embryos transferred, implantation rate, clinical and ongoing-delivered pregnancy rates. Results Split-dose hMG administration resulted in a significantly higher implantation rate, but significantly lower normal and polyspermic fertilization rates than single-dose hMG administration. No significant differences were noted between the two dosage protocols with respect to the other outcome measures. Conclusions Split-dose hMG administration may be associated with significantly higher implantation rates; single-dose hMG with significantly higher fertilization rates. Although our data also demonstrate a trend toward higher clinical and ongoing-delivered pregnancy rates with split-dose therapy, demonstration of a significant difference would require a multicenter trial. Based on our data, clinicians may want to consider split-dose therapy for patients with repeated implantation failures.
Geometric Selection in Ice Polycrystals: Concavity, Faceting, and Kinetics

Ice crystallization dynamics are observed with crossed polarizers in a Hele Shaw cell. Major features include the evolution of two thin ice sheets with parallel crystallite structures. Typical grain boundary grooves are seen at the junctions of most crystallites and water, but occasional giant faceted grooves are observed. The faces of the giant grooves are formed by basal planes, which are nucleated at the lower temperatures at the clefts. The grooves are asymmetric, yet track with the direction of the advancing interface.
Ethical Principles and Guidelines of Global Health Nursing Practice.

Abstract Background Nurses are among the many U.S. health professionals engaged in international learning or service experiences and often travel to low-resource countries lacking guidance for ethical practice, respect for host partners, or collaborative work in different health systems. Purpose The aim of this study is to develop evidence-based principles or guidelines for ethical global health nursing practice. Methods A three-round Delphi study was conducted. Global health nurse experts participated in Round 1 focus group, followed by nurses with global health expertise ranking global health nursing statements in Rounds 2 and 3. Discussion Findings led to 10 Ethical Principles for Global Health Nursing Practice and 30 statements for Ethical Guidelines in Global Health Nursing. These Ten principles address beneficence, nonmaleficence, dignity, respect, autonomy, social justice, and professional practice. The 30 guidelines offer more specific actions nurses must consider when working in global settings.
Acousto-Optical Transducer With Optomechanical Gain

The acousto-optical response of a microtoroidal optomechanical microresonator with optically compensated damping factor is measured and analyzed. We demonstrate that the large optical quality factor combined with the enhanced acoustic response due to radiation pressure make optomechanical microresonators excellent candidates as sensitive acousto-optical transducers with extremely low power consumption.
The hyperstability and composition of Giardia’s ventral disc highlights the remarkable versatility of microtubule organelles

Giardia is a common protistan parasite that causes diarrheal disease worldwide. Motile trophozoites colonize the small intestine, attaching to the villi with the ventral disc, a unique and complex microtubule (MT) organelle. Attachment to the host epithelium allows Giardia to resist peristalsis during infection of the host gastrointestinal tract. Despite our emerging view of the complexity of ventral disc architecture, we are still in the very preliminary stages of understanding how specific structural elements contribute to disc stability or generate forces for attachment. The ventral disc is a large, dome-shaped, spiral MT array decorated with microribbon-crossbridge protein complexes (MR-CB) that extend upward into the cytoplasm. To find additional disc-associated proteins (DAPs), we used a modified method for disc biochemical fractionation in high salt followed by shotgun proteomic analyses and validation by GFP-tagging. Using this method in conjunction with an ongoing subcellular localization screen, we identified 54 new DAPs. Of the 87 DAPs confirmed to date, 54 localize only to the disc, and the remainder localize to additional structures including the flagella, basal bodies, or median body. Almost one third of the known DAPs lack any homology to proteins in other eukaryotes and another one third simply contain ankyrin repeat domains. Many DAPs localize to specific structural regions of the disc, including the ventral groove region and disc margin. Lastly, we show that spiral singlet MT array comprising the disc is hyperstable and lacks dynamic instability, and we attribute these unique properties to the presence of both novel DAPs as well conserved MAPs and MIPs that are known to stabilize ciliary doublet and triplet MTs.
From Possibility to Action: An Interdisciplinary Action-Learning School dealing with Waste

For more than a decade, researchers and activists have collaborated in the Simeto Valley for the advancement of development inspired by social solidarity and the need of reconnecting people to the local ecosystem. Over time, this experiment has progressively turned into an interdisciplinary action research partnership that involves now mainly planners and anthropologists. One of the activities carried out in the Valley is an action-learning Summer School organized by the University of Memphis in partnership with the University of Massachussets, Boston and the University of Catania. The work of this partnership lies between planning and anthropology and has generated an interdisciplinary space and a shared methodology of action-learning. This methodology is neither exclusively inductive nor used as a basis for deduction, but modified in the course of collective action. This paper describes the theoretical and pedagogical principles underlying CoPED and draws on its 2017 edition, which focused on Zero Waste, to show how it provides a platform for theory-in-action.
Provider Perspectives of Services Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Resettled Refugee Youth

A range of services are provided to assist resettled refugees with meeting their basic needs and supporting their integration in the United States. The inability to adequately assess and address the mental health needs among youth in this population is a concern raised by service providers who work with resettled refugees. The current study aimed to gain the perspectives of those who serve this population about the strengths and barriers to mental health services addressing the needs of resettled refugee youth. We conducted individual interviews and applied inductive qualitative methods to identify themes. Supplemental survey data were collected as well; descriptive findings are integrated into the themes. Analysis resulted in six themes. Refugee youth service providers observe high levels of resilience and positive development among youth who engage in programs, in addition to concerns that many refugee youth might not be thriving nor accessing adequate services. Providers’ recommendations for best practices focus mainly on cultural competence and engagement with youth in the context of their families, communities, and groups, and less on individual counseling. A depth of nuance and complexity regarding language and cultural barriers. Results contribute greater understanding and credence to the importance for improving the capacity to recognize and intervene in refugee youth mental health needs. Offers important insight for assessment of refugee youth programs and well-being, enhancing youth services, and approaching further research.
Fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), sand roller (Percopsis transmontana), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) interactions in a Snake River reservoir: A tale of three species

We studied some of the relationships between federally listed fall Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, endemic Sand Roller, Percopsis transmontana, and non-native Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu, in Lower Granite Reservoir on the Snake River. Because of its recent reappearance and population increase, the Sand Rollers could be filling the role of a “native invader” in the reservoir food web. We speculated that Sand Rollers could either negatively affect fall Chinook Salmon by potentially competing with them for resources in shoreline habitats or, alternatively, benefit the salmon by providing a buffer against Smallmouth Bass predation. Nighttime beach seining showed that habitat use by fall Chinook Salmon and Sand Rollers overlapped completely in spring when both species were present along shorelines. Diet data from stomach samples also showed high overlap, but data on stable isotopes of 13C and 15N suggested that each species could be obtaining much of their dietary energy from different reservoir locations. Although habitat and diet overlap are evidence of competition, diel and spatial partitioning of resource use between fall Chinook Salmon and Sand Rollers may act to reduce potential competition. Analyses of Smallmouth Bass diets showed that fall Chinook Salmon and Sand Rollers comprised the majority of prey fish consumed by bass. Across years, as Smallmouth Bass increased their consumption of Sand Rollers (range 0.219 to 0.392 fish smallmouth-1 day-1), they decreased their consumption of fall Chinook Salmon (range 0.114 to 0.050 fish smallmouth-1 day-1). The greatest effect Sand Rollers may have on fall Chinook Salmon in Lower Granite Reservoir is to serve as a buffer against Smallmouth Bass predation.
Breathing lung transplantation with the Organ Care System (OCS) Lung: lessons learned and future implications.

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) represents a potentially important advancement in the preservation of donor lungs prior to transplantation. Portable EVLP or “Breathing Lung Transplantation” with the Organ Care System (OCS) Lung combines the fundamental components of EVLP with portability, thus reducing the total ischemic burden. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved OCS for perfusion of standard donor lungs prior to transplant in 2018. The current review discusses the available literature on the clinical outcomes of OCS Lung as well as translational data.
Guillermo del Toro’s The Shape of Water (2017): Trump Era Update of Cold War Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) and Civil War Reckoning El laberinto del fauno (2006).

Del Toro's latest film uses an amphibian creature dragged from the Amazon to reflect on the current situation of immigrants in this country, especially those from south of the border. In the process, the director uses Trump's nationalist and racist framing of the immigration debate as an opportunity to remake a film he has loved since childhood, "Creature From the Black Lagoon." He places his film in 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, but he insists that he has made a film that, although it takes place in the past, talks about the present. He also reworks a number of the themes and characterizations from his 2006 Spanish-language film "El laberinto del fauno." Both films, one situated in Franco's Spain shortly after the Civil War, and the other, in J.F.K.'s Camelot, nonetheless present equally chilling visions of systems of political power that foster brutal, authoritarian, and unforgiving social behaviors.
Quiescent CD4+ T Cells Inhibit Multiple Stages of HIV Infection

Elucidating the block of quiescent CD4+ T cells to HIV infection has been an intensely debated issue. Early studies suggested that the virus could not infect this T cell subset; latter studies demonstrated that these cells could inefficiently support HIV infection. The kinetics of infection in quiescent cells was delayed and multiple stages of the viral life cycle were marred by inefficiencies. A number of restriction factors as well as cellular protein have been implicated in the potential block. However, to this date the mechanisms of HIV infection in quiescent cells are still unclear. Further understanding will open the way for better therapeutic approaches and much improved gene therapy protocols using HIV-based vectors.
Understanding the chemical reactions in cathodic plasma electrolysis

Plasma electrolysis combines the characteristics of electrolysis and plasma discharges, creating high-energy-density plasmas that lead to intensive physical processes and chemical reactions on the working electrode. The authors have found that the physical processes and the chemical reactions could be decoupled under certain conditions, and a textured electrode surface could be created through a chemical-reaction-dominated process instead of an irregular porous surface produced by the physical-dominated interactions. A plasma fluid model for the chemical-reaction-dominated discharge is established with constraint conditions obtained from the experiments. This study aims to elucidate the plasma characteristics and the chemical reactions in cathodic plasma electrolysis. The modeling reveals that the plasma is highly electronegative, and the dominant neutral species are H_2 and O_2 dissociated from water vapor. The decoupling mechanism is attributed to the low surface tension, high viscosity and high boiling point of glycerol in the electrolyte, which suppress the localized intensive physical interactions and promote the formation of a stable vapor layer. The formation of textured surface is attributed to the anisotropic chemical etching by the reactive species generated in the plasmas.
Phase 1b trial of docetaxel, prednisone, and pazopanib in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background Docetaxel prednisone is a standard of care for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are a poor prognostic factor in this population; therefore, we evaluated the combination of docetaxel prednisone with pazopanib, an oral VEGF receptor inhibitor, for safety and preliminary efficacy. Methods This is a two-site phase 1b Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium trial of docetaxel, prednisone, and pazopanib once daily and ongoing androgen deprivation therapy and prophylactic pegfilgrastim in men with mCRPC. The primary endpoint was safety and the determination of a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) through a dose-escalation and expansion design; secondary endpoints included progression-free and overall survival (OS), prostate specific antigen (PSA) declines, radiographic responses, and pharmacokinetic and plasma angiokine biomarker analyses. Results Twenty-five men were treated over six dose levels. Pegfilgrastim was added to the regimen after myelosuppression limited dose escalation. With pegfilgrastim, our target MTD of docetaxel 75 mg/m2 q3 weeks; prednisone 10 mg daily; and pazopanib 800 mg daily was reached. Eleven additional patients were accrued at this dose level for a total of 36 patients. Dose-limiting toxicities included neutropenia, syncope, and hypertension. Three deaths attributed to study treatment occurred. The objective response rate was 31%; median PFS was 14.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1 and 22.2); and OS was 18.6 months (95% CI: 11.8 and 22.2). Conclusions The combination of docetaxel, prednisone, and pazopanib (with pegfilgrastim) was tolerable at full doses and demonstrated promising efficacy in a relatively poor risk patients with mCRPC. Further development of predictive biomarkers may enrich for patients who receive clinical benefit from this regimen.
Animal Experimental Models for the Study on Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel phlebovirus, was reported to be endemic to central and northeastern China and is also endemic to South Korea and Japan. SFTS is a tick-borne viral infection with high morbidity and mortality. SFTSV is circulating in nature. Therefore, peoples living in the endemic regions face the risk of SFTSV infection, requiring us to study the virology of SFTSV infection and develop specific treatments and preventive measures against SFTS. There has been advancement in animal experimental models’ development for the study on SFTSV infections. So far, interferon alpha-receptor knockout (IFNAR-KO) mice and signal transducer and activator of transcription 2-knockout hamsters are confirmed to be lethal, when infected with SFTSV at relatively high infectious dose. Furthermore, the efficacy of some drugs including favipiravir and VSV-based SFTSV vaccine candidate in treatment and protection in these animal models, respectively, was evaluated. Further studies are necessary to better understand the characteristics of SFTSV and SFTSV infection and development of treatment and preventive measures against SFTS, necessitating further studies on the animal experimental models’ development.
Priyanka Chopra’s Journey from Bollywood Stardom to Transnational Iconicity

‘I’m just a girl who comes from a completely different culture… who is trying to entertain people’ (Chopra, as quoted in Manzoor, 2016). Through her numerous interviews on mainstream television, her posts on social media and her celebrity appearances, Priyanka Chopra has carved out a unique space for herself in the world of global cinema, traversing Bollywood and Hollywood today with apparent equal ease. Chopra’s Bollywood fame has only added momentum to her growing popularity in the USA by emphasizing her ‘exotic’ yet marketable appeal. While for other Bollywood actors, even the internationally renowned superstars, Hollywood remains mostly elusive; sometimes even a far-fetched dream, Priyanka Chopra is today the only Bollywood superstar to have emerged as a bonafide American celebrity, having journeyed to Hollywood via the popular music industry as a singing star, followed by becoming a household name through primetime network television.
Placement and Employment of the Visually Impaired: State of the Art and Identification of Unmet Needs.

Describes vocational rehabilitation and other federal legislation that has opened up jobs for the blind and specific employment areas that have attracted visually impaired persons over the past dec...
Assessing Parents' Communication of Weight and Weight Management from Clinic to Home

Background: Family-oriented therapies are the gold standard of childhood obesity treatment, yet little is known about if or how information gathered by one parent from a health care provider is tra...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

The term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) applies to three major groups of lung diseases. These include emphysema, asthma/chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. These pathologic diseases are characterized by common clinical features of shortness of breath, cough, decreased expiratory volumes, and hypoxia. There are two major mechanisms that cause the obstructive clinical features of these diseases and are reflected in the pathologic features. Emphysema, a loss of alveolar walls, is caused by the destruction of elastic fibers within the alveolar walls of the pulmonary lobules. This results in a loss of elastic recoil and premature closer of the small airways, limiting the expiratory phase of breathing. Asthma/chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis obstruct airway flow by narrowing the opening of the lumen. This occurs by increased luminal secretions (mucous, sloughed inflammatory cells), thickening of the airway walls (inflammation, increased smooth muscle, and fibrosis), and increased submucosal glands present in the wall of the airways. Though these diseases are mostly diagnosed clinically, it is worthwhile to be familiar with the underlying pathologic features that cause these symptoms.
Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to environmental allergens, has a prevalence that is similar in children and adults. However, diagnostic testing for ACD in pediatric populations accounts for less than one tenth of all patch tests. The relative infrequency of pediatric patch testing may be attributed to the difficulty in testing in this population, which includes a smaller surface area for patch test placement and maintaining cooperation during patch testing, especially in younger children. Diagnosis can be difficult in children because the appearance of ACD can mimic other common pediatric skin conditions, particularly atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Comprehensive history taking, guided by patient presentation, age group, and location of dermatitis, helps build clinical suspicion. Such clinical suspicion is one of the major reasons behind patch testing, with additional indications being recalcitrant dermatitis and dermatitis with atypical distribution. US pediatric data have shown the top allergens to be metals, fragrances, topical antibiotics, preservatives, and emollients. These trends are important to recognize to guide management and accurate diagnosis, because ACD tends to persist if the allergen is not identified and can affect patients' quality of life.
Urosepsis in Older Adults: Epidemiologic Trends in Florida

The incidence and geographic distribution of urosepsis, a life-threatening condition in older adults, is not well understood. The Florida State Inpatient Databases (2012-2014) showed an increase in the incidence of community-acquired urosepsis (5.37 to 6.16 per 1000), particularly among Hispanic older adults residing in low socioeconomic, urban areas with large numbers of nursing homes. These findings suggest a state policy is needed to address community-based preventative care and education for early detection of urosepsis in low-income urban areas. It is important for local health departments to partner with nursing homes to address disparities in care that disproportionally impact Hispanics.
Identification and Validation of Distinct Latent Neurodevelopmental Profiles in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study.

Abstract Background Regardless of the precise mechanism, all neurodevelopmental models of risk assume that, at the population level, there exist subgroups of individuals that share similar patterns of neural function and development—and that these subgroups somehow relate to psychiatric risk. However, the existence of multiple neurodevelopmental subgroups at the population level has not been assessed previously. Methods In the current study, cross-validated latent profile analysis was used to test for the presence of empirically derived, brain-based developmental subgroups using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 6758 individuals (49.4% female; mean age = 9.94 years) in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study wave 1 release. Data were randomly split into training and testing samples. Results Analyses in the training sample (n = 3379) identified a seven-profile solution (entropy = 0.880) that was replicated in the held-out testing data (n = 3379, entropy = 0.890). Identified subgroups included a moderate group (66.8%), high reward (4.3%) and low reward (4.0%) groups, high inhibition (9.8%) and low inhibition (6.7%) groups, and high emotion regulation (4.0%) and low emotion regulation (4.3%) groups. Relative to the moderate group, other subgroups were characterized by more males (χ2 = 24.10, p = .0005), higher proportions of individuals from lower-income households (χ2 = 122.17, p Conclusions These data demonstrate the existence of multiple, distinct neurodevelopmental subgroups at the population level. They indicate that these empirically derived, brain-based developmental profiles relate to differences in clinical features, even at a young age, and prior to the peak period of risk for the development of psychopathology.
Multi-metal coordination polymers grown through hybrid molecular layer deposition

Coordination polymers deposited by hybrid molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques are of interest as highly conformal, functional materials. Incorporation of a second metal into these coordination polymers can result in additional functionality or fine tuning of the materials properties. Here, we investigate the deposition of multi-metal coordination polymers using hybrid MLD of Zn-Al and Zn-Hf with ethylene glycol as the organic linker. It is found that facile transmetalation occurs for the Zn-Al films, which results in Al-rich films, but does not take place for the Zn-Hf films. Additionally, the Zn-Hf films are found to be more resilient to ambient conditions than the pure Zn-based coordination polymer.
Impact of Congenital Heart Disease on School Adjustment in Elementary School Aged Children

Congenital heart disease or congenital heart defect (CHD) is an abnormality of the heart that develops before birth (American Heart Association, 2018). While much is known about how children are physically affected, less is known about the psychological impacts of CHD. In particular, little is known about school adjustment or the process of adapting to the role of a student and to various aspects of the school environment, while failure to adjust can cause academic and social-emotional problems (Lakhani, Jain, & Chandel, 2017). This review aims to investigate how and to what extent having CHD affects school adjustment in elementary school aged children (grades 1-5) (a group oftentimes overlooked as insignificant) and if the severity of CHD in elementary-aged children impacts their ability to adjust in schools. By reviewing literal and studies published in the past 50 years, the review reaches the conclusion that CHD does have negative effects on school adjustment and the severity of CHD positively correlates with difficulty to adjust. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the current studies regarding children with CHD and their relationship to different aspects of school and the school environment as well as propose a study that is multi-site, multi-informant, and multi-method. The result of this review has compelling clinical and theoretical significance, benefiting clinicians and practitioners, teachers and educators, and researchers by bridging the gap between existing and unknown knowledge of elementary-aged children with CHD and their school adjustment.
Genome-wide association study and population structure analysis of seed-bound amino acids and total protein in watermelon

Background Watermelon seeds are a powerhouse of value-added traits such as proteins, free amino acids, vitamins, and essential minerals, offering a paleo-friendly dietary option. Despite the availability of substantial genetic variation, there is no sufficient information on the natural variation in seed-bound amino acids or proteins across the watermelon germplasm. This study aimed to analyze the natural variation in watermelon seed amino acids and total protein and explore underpinning genetic loci by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Methods The study evaluated the distribution of seed-bound free amino acids and total protein in 211 watermelon accessions of Citrullus spp, including 154 of Citrullus lanatus, 54 of Citrullus mucosospermus (egusi) and three of Citrullus amarus. We used the GWAS approach to associate seed phenotypes with 11,456 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Results Our results demonstrate a significant natural variation in different free amino acids and total protein content across accessions and geographic regions. The accessions with high protein content and proportion of essential amino acids warrant its use for value-added benefits in the food and feed industries via biofortification. The GWAS analysis identified 188 SNPs coinciding with 167 candidate genes associated with watermelon seed-bound amino acids and total protein. Clustering of SNPs associated with individual amino acids found by principal component analysis was independent of the speciation or cultivar groups and was not selected during the domestication of sweet watermelon. The identified candidate genes were involved in metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, such as Argininosuccinate synthase, explaining 7% of the variation in arginine content, which validate their functional relevance and potential for marker-assisted analysis selection. This study provides a platform for exploring potential gene loci involved in seed-bound amino acids metabolism, useful in genetic analysis and development of watermelon varieties with superior seed nutritional values.
Creating Effective Workbooks and Templates

In this chapter, I’ll show you how to create workbooks in which you can enter, edit, and manipulate data quickly and effectively. You’ll learn how to save the workbooks, which file formats to use when, and how to add property information to help you identify workbooks when searching.